

<B APOL>


<P 17A>
"OTI2 MEN "UMEI$, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI, PEPONQATE "UPO TWN
'EMWN KATHGORWN, 'OUK 'OIDA; 'EGW D'-'OUN-KAI 'AUTO$ "UP' 'AUTWN
'OLIGOU 'EMAUTOU 'EPELAQOMHN, "OUTW PIQANW$ 'ELEGON. KAITOI
'ALHQE$ GE "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN 'OUDEN 'EIRHKASIN. MALISTA DE
'AUTWN "EN 'EQAUMASA TWN POLLWN "WN 'EYEUSANTO, TOUTO 'EN "WI
'ELEGON "W$ CRHN "UMA$ 'EULABEISQAI MH "UP' 'EMOU4 'EXAPATHQHTE0
<P 17B>
"W$ DEINOU 'ONTO$ LEGEIN. TO GAR MH 'AISCUNQHNAI "OTI4 'AUTIKA
"UP' 'EMOU4 'EXELEGCQHSONTAI 'ERGWI, 'EPEIDAN MHD' "OPWSTIOUN
FAINWMAI DEINO$ LEGEIN, TOUTO MOI 'EDOXEN 'AUTWN 'ANAISCUNTOTATON
'EINAI, 'EI MH 'A=RA DEINON KALOUSIN0 "OUTOI LEGEIN TON
'TALHQH LEGONTA; 'EI MEN-GAR TOUTO LEGOUSIN0, "OMOLOGOIHN 'AN4
'EGWGE 'OU KATA TOUTOU$ 'EINAI "RHTWR. "OUTOI MEN-'OUN, "WSPER
'EGW LEGW0, 'H= TI 'H= 'OUDEN 'ALHQE$ 'EIRHKASIN, "UMEI$ DE MOU 'AKOUSESQE
PASAN THN 'ALHQEIAN % 'OU-MENTOI MA DI=A, 'W* 'ANDRE$
'AQHNAIOI, KEKALLIEPHMENOU$ GE LOGOU$, "WSPER "OI TOUTWN,
<P 17C>
"RHMASI TE-KAI 'ONOMASIN 'OUDE KEKOSMHMENOU$, 'ALL' 'AKOUSESQE
'EIKHI LEGOMENA TOI$ 'EPITUCOUSIN 'ONOMASIN % PISTEUW0
GAR DI=KAIA 'EINAI "A LEGW0 % KAI MHDEI$ "UMWN PROSDOKHSATW
'ALLW$; 'OUDE-GAR 'AN4 DHPOU PREPOI, 'W* 'ANDRE$, THIDE THI
"HLIKIA\ "WSPER MEIRAKIWI PLATTONTI LOGOU$ 'EI$ "UMA$ 'EISIENAI.
KAI-MENTOI-KAI PANU, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI, TOUTO "UMWN DEOMAI
KAI PARIEMAI; 'EA=N DIA= TWN 'AUTWN LOGWN 'AKOUHTE MOU 'APOLOGOUMENOU
DI' "WNPER 'EIWQA LEGEIN KAI 'EN 'AGORA*I 'EPI TWN
TRAPEZWN, "INA "UMWN POLLOI 'AKHKOASI, KAI 'ALLOQI, MHTE
<P 17D>
QAUMAZEIN MHTE QORUBEIN TOUTOU "ENEKA. 'ECEI0 GAR "OUTWSI.
NU*N 'EGW PRWTON 'EPI DIKASTHRION 'ANABEBHKA, 'ETH GEGONW$
"EBDOMHKONTA; 'ATECNW$ 'OUN XENW$ 'ECW0 TH$ 'ENQADE LEXEW$.
"WSPER 'OUN 'AN4, 'EI TW*I-'ONTI XENO$ 'ETUGCANON 'WN, SUNEGIGNWSKETE
DHPOU 'AN4 MOI 'EI 'EN 'EKEINHI THI FWNHI TE-KAI TW*I TROPWI


<P 18A>
'ELEGON 'EN "OISPER 'ETEQRAMMHN, KAI-DH-KAI NU*N TOUTO "UMWN
DEOMAI DIKAION, "W$ GE MOI DOKW0, TON MEN TROPON TH$ LEXEW$
'EA*N % 'ISW$ MEN-GAR CEIRWN, 'ISW$ DE BELTIWN 'AN4 'EIH % 'AUTO
DE TOUTO SKOPEIN KAI TOUTWI TON NOUN PROSECEIN, 'EI DI=KAIA
LEGW0 'H= MH; DIKASTOU MEN-GAR "AU=TH 'ARETH, "RHTORO$ DE
'TALHQH LEGEIN.
PRWTON MEN-'OUN DIKAIO$ 'EIMI 'APOLOGHSASQAI, 'W* 'ANDRE$
'AQHNAIOI, PRO$ TA PRWTA MOU YEUDH KATHGORHMENA KAI TOU$
PRWTOU$ KATHGOROU$, 'EPEITA DE PRO$ TA "USTERON KAI TOU$
<P 18B>
"USTEROU$. 'EMOU4 GAR POLLOI KATHGOROI GEGONASI PRO$ "UMA$
KAI PALAI POLLA 'HDH 'ETH KAI 'OUDEN 'ALHQE$ LEGONTE$, "OU$
'EGW MALLON FOBOUMAI 'H= TOU$ 'AMFI 'ANUTON, KAIPER 'ONTA$
KAI TOUTOU$ DEINOU$; 'ALL' 'EKEINOI DEINOTEROI, 'W* 'ANDRE$, "OI=
"UMWN TOU$ POLLOU$ 'EK PAIDWN PARALAMBANONTE$ 'EPEIQON
TE-KAI KATHGOROUN 'EMOU4 MALLON 'OUDEN 'ALHQE$, "W$ 'ESTIN TI$
SWKRATH$ SOFO$ 'ANHR, TA TE METEWRA FRONTISTH$ KAI TA
"UPO GH$ PANTA 'ANEZHTHKW$ KAI TON "HTTW LOGON KREITTW
<P 18C>
POIW*N. "OUTOI, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI, "OI7 TAUTHN THN FHMHN
KATASKEDASANTE$, "OI DEINOI 'EISIN MOU KATHGOROI; "OI GAR
'AKOUONTE$ "HGOUNTAI TOU$ TAUTA ZHTOUNTA$ 'OUDE QEOU$ NOMIZEIN.
'EPEITA 'EISIN "OUTOI "OI KATHGOROI POLLOI KAI POLUN CRONON
'HDH KATHGORHKOTE$, 'ETI DE-KAI 'EN TAUTHI THI "HLIKIA\ LEGONTE$
PRO$ "UMA$ 'EN "HI 'AN4 MALISTA 'EPISTEUSATE, PAIDE$ 'ONTE$ 'ENIOI
"UMWN KAI MEIRAKIA, 'ATECNW$ 'ERHMHN KATHGOROUNTE$ 'APOLOGOUMENOU
'OUDENO$. "O= DE PANTWN 'ALOGWTATON, "OTI4 'OUDE TA
<P 18D>
'ONOMATA "OION-TE 'AUTWN 'EIDENAI KAI 'EIPEIN, PLHN 'EI TI$
KWMWIDOPOIO$ TUGCANEI0 'WN. "OSOI DE FQONWI KAI DIABOLHI
CRWMENOI "UMA$ 'ANEPEIQON % "OI DE-KAI 'AUTOI PEPEISMENOI
'ALLOU$ PEIQONTE$ % "OUTOI PANTE$ 'APORWTATOI 'EISIN; 'OUDE-GAR
'ANABIBASASQAI "OION-T'-'ESTIN 'AUTWN 'ENTAUQOI 'OUD' 'ELEGXAI0
'OUDENA, 'ALL' 'ANAGKH 'ATECNW$ "WSPER SKIAMACEIN 'APOLOGOUMENON
TE-KAI 'ELEGCEIN MHDENO$ 'APOKRINOMENOU. 'AXIWSATE
'OUN-KAI "UMEI$, "WSPER 'EGW LEGW0, DITTOU$ MOU TOU$ KATHGOROU$
GEGONENAI, "ETEROU$ MEN TOU$ 'ARTI KATHGORHSANTA$, "ETEROU$ DE
<P 18E>
TOU$ PALAI "OU$ 'EGW LEGW0, KAI 'OIHQHTE2 DEIN PRO$ 'EKEINOU$
PRWTON ME 'APOLOGHSASQAI; KAI-GAR "UMEI$ 'EKEINWN PROTERON
'HKOUSATE KATHGOROUNTWN0 KAI POLU MALLON 'H= TWNDE TWN
"USTERON.
'EIEN; 'APOLOGHTEON DH, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI, KAI 'EPICEIRHTEON


<P 19A>
"UMWN 'EXELESQAI THN DIABOLHN "HN "UMEI$ 'EN POLLWI CRONWI
'ESCETE TAUTHN 'EN "OUTW$ 'OLIGWI CRONWI. BOULOIMHN MEN-'OUN
'AN4 TOUTO "OUTW$ GENESQAI, 'EI TI 'AMEINON KAI "UMIN KAI 'EMOI4,
KAI PLEON TI ME POIHSAI0 'APOLOGOUMENON; 'OIMAI DE 'AUTO
CALEPON 'EINAI, KAI 'OU PANU ME LANQANEI0 "OION 'ESTIN. "OMW$
TOUTO MEN 'ITW "OPHI TW*I QEWI FILON, TW*I DE NOMWI PEISTEON KAI
'APOLOGHTEON.
'ANALABWMEN 'OUN 'EX 'ARCH$ TI=$ "H KATHGORIA 'ESTIN 'EX "H$
<P 19B>
"H 'EMH DIABOLH GEGONEN0, "HI DH-KAI PISTEUWN MELHTO$ ME 'EGRAYATO
THN GRAFHN TAUTHN. 'EIEN; TI= DH LEGONTE$ DIEBALLON
"OI DIABALLONTE$: "WSPER 'OUN KATHGORWN THN 'ANTWMOSIAN
DEI 'ANAGNWNAI0 'AUTWN; SWKRATH$ 'ADIKEI0 KAI PERIERGAZETAI
ZHTWN TA TE "UPO GH$ KAI 'OURA=NIA KAI TON "HTTW LOGON KREITTW
<P 19C>
POIW*N KAI 'ALLOU$ 'TAUTA TAUTA DIDASKWN. TOIAUTH TI$ 'ESTIN;
TAUTA GAR "EWRATE KAI 'AUTOI 'EN THI 'ARISTOFANOU$ KWMWIDIA\,
SWKRATH TINA 'EKEI PERIFEROMENON, FASKONTA TE 'AEROBATEIN
KAI 'ALLHN POLLHN FLUARIAN FLUAROUNTA, "WN 'EGW 'OUDEN 'OUTE
MEGA 'OUTE MIKRON PE=RI 'EPAIW0. KAI 'OUC "W$ 'ATIMAZWN LEGW0
THN TOIAUTHN 'EPISTHMHN, 'EI TI$ PERI= TWN TOIOUTWN SOFO$
'ESTIN % MH PW$ 'EGW "UPO MELHTOU TOSAUTA$ DIKA$ FEUGOIMI %
'ALLA=-GAR 'EMOI4 TOUTWN, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI, 'OUDEN METESTIN.
<P 19D>
MARTURA$ DE 'AU "UMWN TOU$ POLLOU$ PARECOMAI, KAI 'AXIW0
"UMA$ 'ALLHLOU$ DIDASKEIN TE-KAI FRAZEIN, "OSOI 'EMOU4 PWPOTE
'AKHKOATE DIALEGOMENOU % POLLOI DE "UMWN "OI TOIOUTOI 'EISIN %
FRAZETE3 'OUN 'ALLHLOI$ 'EI PWPOTE 'H= MIKRON 'H= MEGA 'HKOUSE
TI$ "UMWN 'EMOU4 PERI= TWN TOIOUTWN DIALEGOMENOU, KAI 'EK
TOUTOU GNWSESQE "OTI4 TOIAUT' 'ESTI KAI 'TALLA PERI= 'EMOU4 "A "OI
POLLOI LEGOUSIN0.
'ALLA=-GAR 'OUTE TOUTWN 'OUDEN 'ESTIN, 'OUDE-G' 'EI TINO$
'AKHKOATE "W$ 'EGW PAIDEUEIN 'EPICEIRW0 'ANQRWPOU$ KAI CRHMATA
<P 19E>
PRATTOMAI, 'OUDE TOUTO 'ALHQE$. 'EPEI KAI TOUTO GE MOI DOKEI0
KALON 'EINAI, 'EI TI$ "OIO$-T'-'EIH PAIDEUEIN 'ANQRWPOU$ "WSPER
GORGIA$ TE "O LEONTINO$ KAI PRODIKO$ "O KEIO$ KAI "IPPIA$ "O
'HLEIO$. TOUTWN GAR "EKASTO$, 'W* 'ANDRE$, "OIO$-T'-'ESTIN 'IWN
'EI$ "EKASTHN TWN POLEWN TOU$ NEOU$ % "OI$ 'EXESTI TWN "EAUTWN
POLITWN PROIKA SUNEINAI "WI 'AN4 BOULWNTAI % TOUTOU$ PEIQOUSI0


<P 20A>
TA$ 'EKEINWN SUNOUSIA$ 'APOLIPONTA$ SFISIN SUNEINAI CRHMATA
DIDONTA$ KAI CARIN PROSEIDENAI. 'EPEI KAI 'ALLO$ 'ANHR
'ESTI PARIO$ 'ENQADE SOFO$ "ON 'EGW 'HISQOMHN 'EPIDHMOUNTA;
'ETUCON GAR PROSELQWN 'ANDRI "O$ TETELEKE0 CRHMATA SOFISTAI$
PLEIW 'H= SUMPANTE$ "OI 'ALLOI, KALLIA\ TW*I "IPPONIKOU; TOUTON
'OUN 'ANHROMHN % 'ESTON0 GAR 'AUTWI DUO "UEI % 'W* KALLIA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW,
'EI MEN SOU TW "UEI PWLW 'H= MOSCW 'EGENESQHN,
'EICOMEN 'AN4 'AUTOIN 'EPISTATHN LABEIN KAI MISQWSASQAI "O$
<P 20B>
'EMELLEN 'AUTW KALW TE 'KAGAQW POIHSEIN THN PROSHKOUSAN
'ARETHN, 'H*N D' 'AN4 "OUTO$ 'H= TWN "IPPIKWN TI$ 'H= TWN GEWRGIKWN;
NU*N D' 'EPEIDH 'ANQRWPW 'ESTON0, TI=NA 'AUTOIN 'EN NWI 'ECEI$
'EPISTATHN LABEIN: TI=$ TH$ TOIAUTH$ 'ARETH$, TH$ 'ANQRWPINH$
TE-KAI POLITIKH$, 'EPISTHMWN 'ESTIN: 'OIMAI GAR SE 'ESKEFQAI
DIA= THN TWN "UEWN KTHSIN. 'ESTIN TI$, 'EFHN 'EGW, 'H= 'OU=:
PANU GE, 'H*-D'-"O$. TI=$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI PODAPO$, KAI
PO=SOU DIDASKEI0: 'EUHNO$, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, PARIO$,
PENTE MNWN. KAI 'EGW TON 'EUHNON 'EMAKARISA 'EI "W$ 'ALHQW$
<P 20C>
'ECOI TAUTHN THN TECNHN KAI "OUTW$ 'EMMELW$ DIDASKEI0. 'EGW
GOUN-KAI 'AUTO$ 'EKALLUNOMHN TE-KAI "HBRUNOMHN 'AN4 'EI 'HPISTAMHN
TAUTA; 'ALL'-'OU-GAR 'EPISTAMAI, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI.
"UPOLABOI 'AN4 'OUN TI$ "UMWN 'ISW$; 'ALL', 'W* SWKRATE$,
TO SON TI= 'ESTI PRAGMA: PO=QEN "AI DIABOLAI SOI4 "AUTAI GEGONASIN:
'OU-GAR-DHPOU SOU4 GE 'OUDEN TWN 'ALLWN PERITTOTERON
PRAGMATEUOMENOU 'EPEITA TOSAUTH FHMH TE-KAI LOGO$ GEGONEN0,
'EI MH TI 'EPRATTE$ 'ALLOION 'H= "OI POLLOI. LEGE 'OUN "HMIN TI=
<P 20D>
'ESTIN, "INA MH "HMEI$ PERI= SOU4 'AUTOSCEDIAZWMEN. TAUTI MOI
DOKEI0 DI=KAIA LEGEIN "O LEGWN, 'KAGW "UMIN PEIRASOMAI 'APODEIXAI0
TI= POT' 'ESTIN TOUTO "O= 'EMOI4 PEPOIHKEN0 TO TE 'ONOMA
KAI THN DIABOLHN. 'AKOUETE3 DH. KAI 'ISW$ MEN DOXW2 TISIN
"UMWN PAIZEIN; 'EU MENTOI 'ISTE2, PASAN "UMIN THN 'ALHQEIAN
'ERW2. 'EGW GAR, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI, DI' 'OUDEN 'ALL'-'H= DIA=
SOFIAN TINA TOUTO TO 'ONOMA 'ESCHKA. POI=AN DH SOFIAN
TAUTHN: "HPER 'ESTIN 'ISW$ 'ANQRWPINH SOFIA; TW*I-'ONTI GAR
KINDUNEUW0 TAUTHN 'EINAI SOFO$. "OUTOI DE TAC' 'AN4, "OU$ 'ARTI
<P 20E>
'ELEGON, MEIZW TINA 'H= KAT' 'ANQRWPON SOFIAN SOFOI 'EIEN, 'H=
'OUK 'ECW0 TI= LEGW3. 'OU-GAR-DH 'EGWGE 'AUTHN 'EPISTAMAI, 'ALL'
"OSTI$ FHSI YEUDETAI TE-KAI 'EPI DIABOLHI THI 'EMHI LEGEI0. KAI
MOI, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI, MH QORUBHSHTE, MHD' 'EA=N DOXW4 TI
"UMIN MEGA LEGEIN; 'OU-GAR 'EMON 'ERW2 TON LOGON "ON 'AN4 LEGW3,
'ALL' 'EI$ 'AXIOCREWN "UMIN TON LEGONTA 'ANOISW. TH$ GAR
'EMH$, 'EI DH TI$ 'ESTIN SOFIA KAI "OI=A, MARTURA "UMIN PAREXOMAI
TON QEON TON 'EN DELFOI$. CAIREFWNTA GAR 'ISTE0 POU. "OUTO$


<P 21A>
'EMO$ TE "ETAIRO$ 'H*N 'EK NEOU KAI "UMWN TW*I PLHQEI "ETAIRO$ TE-KAI
SUNEFUGE THN FUGHN TAUTHN KAI MEQ' "UMWN KATHLQE.
KAI 'ISTE0 DH "OIO$ 'H*N CAIREFWN, "W$ SFODRO$ 'EF' "OTI2 "ORMHSEIEN.
KAI-DH POTE KAI 'EI$ DELFOU$ 'ELQWN 'ETOLMHSE TOUTO MANTEUSASQAI %
KAI, "OPER LEGW0, MH QORUBEITE3, 'W* 'ANDRE$ % 'HRETO GAR-DH
'EI TI$ 'EMOU4 'EIH SOFWTERO$. 'ANEILEN 'OUN "H PUQIA MHDENA
SOFWTERON 'EINAI. KAI TOUTWN PE=RI "O 'ADELFO$ "UMIN 'AUTOU4
"OUTOSI MARTURHSEI2, 'EPEIDH 'EKEINO$ TETELEUTHKEN0.
<P 21B>
SKEYASQE DH "WN "ENEKA TAUTA LEGW0. MELLW0 GAR "UMA$ DIDAXEIN
"OQEN MOI "H DIABOLH GEGONEN0. TAUTA GAR 'EGW 'AKOUSA$
'ENEQUMOUMHN "OUTWSI; TI= POTE LEGEI0 "O QEO$, KAI TI= POTE
'AINITTETAI: 'EGW GAR-DH 'OUTE MEGA 'OUTE SMIKRON SUNOIDA
'EMAUTWI SOFO$ 'WN; TI= 'OUN POTE LEGEI0 FASKWN 'EME SOFWTATON
'EINAI: 'OU-GAR-DHPOU YEUDETAI GE; 'OU-GAR QEMI$
'AUTWI. KAI POLUN MEN CRONON 'HPOROUN TI= POTE LEGEI0;
'EPEITA MOGI$ PANU 'EPI ZHTHSIN 'AUTOU4 TOIAUTHN TINA 'ETRAPOMHN.
'HLQON 'EPI TINA TWN DOKOUNTWN0 SOFWN 'EINAI, "W$
<P 21C>
'ENTAUQA 'EIPER POU 'ELEGXWN TO MANTEION KAI 'APOFANWN TW*I
CRHSMWI "OTI4 "OUTOSI 'EMOU4 SOFWTERO$ 'ESTI, SU D' 'EME 'EFHSQA.
DIASKOPWN 'OUN TOUTON % 'ONOMATI GAR 'OUDEN DEOMAI LEGEIN,
'H*N DE TI$ TWN POLITIKWN PRO$ "ON 'EGW SKOPWN TOIOUTON TI
'EPAQON, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI, KAI DIALEGOMENO$ 'AUTWI % 'EDOXE
MOI "OUTO$ "O 'ANHR DOKEIN MEN 'EINAI SOFO$ 'ALLOI$ TE POLLOI$
'ANQRWPOI$ KAI MALISTA "EAUTWI, 'EINAI D' 'OU=; 'KAPEITA 'EPEIRWMHN
'AUTWI DEIKNUNAI "OTI4 'OIOITO MEN 'EINAI SOFO$, 'EIH D' 'OU=.
<P 21D>
'ENTEUQEN 'OUN TOUTWI TE 'APHCQOMHN KAI POLLOI$ TWN PARONTWN0;
PRO$ 'EMAUTON D'-'OUN 'APIWN 'ELOGIZOMHN "OTI4 TOUTOU MEN TOU*
'ANQRWPOU 'EGW SOFWTERO$ 'EIMI; KINDUNEUEI0 MEN-GAR "HMWN
'OUDETERO$ 'OUDEN KALON 'KAGAQON 'EIDENAI, 'ALL' "OUTO$ MEN
'OIETAI TI 'EIDENAI 'OUK 'EIDW$, 'EGW DE, "WSPER 'OUN 'OUK 'OIDA,
'OUDE 'OIOMAI; 'EOIKA GOUN TOUTOU GE SMIKRWI TINI 'AUTWI TOUTWI
SOFWTERO$ 'EINAI, "OTI4 "A MH 'OIDA 'OUDE 'OIOMAI 'EIDENAI. 'ENTEUQEN
'EP' 'ALLON 'HIA TWN 'EKEINOU DOKOUNTWN0 SOFWTERWN 'EINAI KAI
<P 21E>
MOI 'TAUTA TAUTA 'EDOXE, KAI 'ENTAUQA 'KAKEINWI KAI 'ALLOI$
POLLOI$ 'APHCQOMHN.
META TAUT' 'OUN 'HDH 'EFEXH$ 'H*IA, 'AISQANOMENO$ MEN KAI8
LUPOUMENO$ KAI DEDIW$ "OTI4 'APHCQANOMHN, "OMW$ DE 'ANAGKAION
'EDOKEI 'EINAI TO TOU* QEOU PERI= PLEISTOU POIEISQAI % 'ITEON
'OUN, SKOPOUNTI TON CRHSMON TI= LEGEI0, 'EPI "APANTA$ TOU$ TI


<P 22A>
DOKOUNTA$ 'EIDENAI. KAI NH TON KUNA, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI %
DEI GAR PRO$ "UMA$ 'TALHQH LEGEIN % 'H*-MHN 'EGW 'EPAQON TI
TOIOUTON; "OI MEN MALISTA 'EUDOKIMOUNTE$ 'EDOXAN MOI 'OLIGOU
DEIN TOU* PLEISTOU 'ENDEEI$ 'EINAI ZHTOUNTI KATA TON QEON,
'ALLOI DE DOKOUNTE$ FAULOTEROI 'EPIEIKESTEROI 'EINAI 'ANDRE$
PRO$ TO FRONIMW$ 'ECEIN. DEI DH "UMIN THN 'EMHN PLANHN
'EPIDEIXAI0 "WSPER PONOU$ TINA$ PONOUNTO$ "INA MOI KAI 'ANELEGKTO$
"H MANTEIA GENOITO. META GAR TOU$ POLITIKOU$ 'HIA
'EPI TOU$ POIHTA$ TOU$ TE TWN TRAGWIDIWN KAI TOU$ TWN
<P 22B>
DIQURAMBWN KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$, "W$ 'ENTAUQA 'EP' 'AUTOFWRWI
KATALHYOMENO$ 'EMAUTON 'AMAQESTERON 'EKEINWN 'ONTA. 'ANALAMBANWN
'OUN 'AUTWN TA POIHMATA "A MOI 'EDOKEI MALISTA
PEPRAGMATEUSQAI 'AUTOI$, DIHRWTWN 'AN4 'AUTOU$ TI= LEGOIEN,
"IN' "AMA TI KAI MANQANOIMI PAR' 'AUTWN. 'AISCUNOMAI 'OUN
"UMIN 'EIPEIN, 'W* 'ANDRE$, 'TALHQH; "OMW$ DE "RHTEON. "W$ 'EPO$
GAR 'EIPEIN 'OLIGOU 'AUTWN "APANTE$ "OI PARONTE$ 'AN4 BELTION
'ELEGON PERI= "WN 'AUTOI 'EPEPOIHKESAN. 'EGNWN 'OUN 'AU KAI
PERI= TWN POIHTWN 'EN 'OLIGWI TOUTO, "OTI4 'OU SOFIA\ POIOIEN
<P 22C>
"A POIOIEN, 'ALLA= FUSEI TINI KAI 'ENQOUSIAZONTE$ "WSPER "OI
QEOMANTEI$ KAI "OI CRHSMWIDOI; KAI-GAR "OUTOI LEGOUSI0 MEN
POLLA KAI KALA, 'ISASIN DE 'OUDEN "WN LEGOUSI0. TOIOUTON
TI MOI 'EFANHSAN PAQO$ KAI "OI POIHTAI PEPONQOTE$, KAI
"AMA 'HISQOMHN 'AUTWN DIA= THN POIHSIN 'OIOMENWN KAI 'TALLA
SOFWTATWN 'EINAI 'ANQRWPWN "A 'OUK 'HSAN. 'APHIA 'OUN-KAI
'ENTEUQEN TW*I 'AUTWI 'OIOMENO$ PERIGEGONENAI "WIPER KAI TWN
POLITIKWN.
TELEUTWN 'OUN 'EPI TOU$ CEIROTECNA$ 'HIA; 'EMAUTWI GAR
<P 22D>
SUNHIDH 'OUDEN 'EPISTAMENWI "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN, TOUTOU$ DE-G' 'HIDH
"OTI4 "EURHSOIMI POLLA KAI KALA 'EPISTAMENOU$. KAI TOUTOU
MEN 'OUK 'EYEUSQHN, 'ALL' 'HPISTANTO "A 'EGW 'OUK 'HPISTAMHN
KAI MOU TAUTHI SOFWTEROI 'HSAN. 'ALL', 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI,
'TAUTON MOI 'EDOXAN 'ECEIN "AMARTHMA "OPER KAI "OI POIHTAI KAI
"OI 'AGAQOI DHMIOURGOI % DIA= TO THN TECNHN KALW$ 'EXERGAZESQAI
"EKASTO$ 'HXIOU KAI 'TALLA TA MEGISTA SOFWTATO$
'EINAI % KAI 'AUTWN "AU=TH "H PLHMMELEIA 'EKEINHN THN SOFIAN
<P 22E>
'APOKRUPTEIN; "WSTE ME 'EMAUTON 'ANERWTAN "UPER TOU* CRHSMOU
PO=TERA DEXAIMHN 'AN4 "OUTW$ "WSPER 'ECW0 'ECEIN MHTE TI SOFO$
'WN THN 'EKEINWN SOFIAN MHTE 'AMAQH$ THN 'AMAQIAN, 'H= 'AMFO=TERA
"A 'EKEINOI 'ECOUSIN0 'ECEIN. 'APEKRINAMHN 'OUN 'EMAUTWI
KAI TW*I CRHSMWI "OTI4 MOI LUSITELOI "WSPER 'ECW0 'ECEIN.
'EK TAUTHSI DH TH$ 'EXETASEW$, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI,


<P 23A>
POLLAI MEN 'APECQEIAI MOI GEGONASI KAI "OIAI CALEPWTATAI
KAI BARUTATAI, "WSTE POLLA$ DIABOLA$ 'AP' 'AUTWN GEGONENAI,
'ONOMA DE TOUTO LEGESQAI, SOFO$ 'EINAI; 'OIONTAI GAR ME
"EKASTOTE "OI PARONTE$ TAUTA 'AUTON 'EINAI SOFON "A 'AN4 'ALLON
'EXELEGXW4. TO DE KINDUNEUEI0, 'W* 'ANDRE$, TW*I-'ONTI "O QEO$
SOFO$ 'EINAI, KAI 'EN TW*I CRHSMWI TOUTWI TOUTO LEGEIN, "OTI4 "H
'ANQRWPINH SOFIA 'OLIGOU TINO$ 'AXI=A 'ESTIN KAI 'OUDENO$. KAI
FAINETAI TOUTON LEGEIN TON SWKRATH, PROSKECRHSQAI DE
<P 23B>
TWI 'EMWI 'ONOMATI, 'EME PARADEIGMA POIOUMENO$, "WSPER 'AN4
'EI7 'EIPOI "OTI4 "OUTO$ "UMWN, 'W* 'ANQRWPOI, SOFWTATO$ 'ESTIN,
"OSTI$ "WSPER SWKRATH$ 'EGNWKEN0 "OTI4 'OUDENO$ 'AXIO$ 'ESTI THI
'ALHQEIA\ PRO$ SOFIAN. TAUT' 'OUN 'EGW MEN 'ETI KAI NU*N
PERIIWN ZHTW0 KAI 'EREUNW0 KATA TON QEON KAI TWN 'ASTWN KAI
XENWN 'AN2 TINA 'OIWMAI SOFON 'EINAI; KAI 'EPEIDAN MOI MH
DOKHI5 TW*I QEWI BOHQWN 'ENDEIKNUMAI "OTI4 'OUK 'ESTI SOFO$. KAI
"UPO TAUTH$ TH$ 'ASCOLIA$ 'OUTE TI TWN TH$ POLEW$ PRAXAI0
MOI SCOLH GEGONEN0 'AXION LOGOU 'OUTE TWN 'OIKEIWN, 'ALL' 'EN
<P 23C>
PENIA\ MURIA\ 'EIMI DIA= THN TOU* QEOU LATREIAN.
PRO$ DE TOUTOI$ "OI NEOI MOI 'EPAKOLOUQOUNTE$ % "OI$ MALISTA
SCOLH 'ESTIN "OI TWN PLOUSIWTATWN % 'AUTOMATOI,
CAIROUSIN0 'AKOUONTE$ 'EXETAZOMENWN TWN 'ANQRWPWN, KAI 'AUTOI
POLLAKI$ 'EME MIMOUNTAI, 'EITA 'EPICEIROUSIN0 'ALLOU$ 'EXETAZEIN;
'KAPEITA 'OIMAI "EURISKOUSI0 POLLHN 'AFQONIAN 'OIOMENWN MEN
'EIDENAI TI 'ANQRWPWN, 'EIDOTWN DE 'OLIGA 'H= 'OUDEN. 'ENTEUQEN
'OUN "OI "UP' 'AUTWN 'EXETAZOMENOI 'EMOI4 'ORGIZONTAI, 'OUC "AUTOI$,
<P 23D>
KAI LEGOUSIN0 "W$ SWKRATH$ TI$ 'ESTI MIARWTATO$ KAI DIAFQEIREI0
TOU$ NEOU$; KAI 'EPEIDAN TI$ 'AUTOU$ 'ERWTA*I2 "OTI2 POIW*N
KAI "OTI2 DIDASKWN, 'ECOUSI0 MEN 'OUDEN 'EIPEIN 'ALL' 'AGNOOUSIN0,
"INA DE MH DOKWSIN 'APOREIN, TA KATA PANTWN TWN FILOSOFOUNTWN0
PROCEIRA TAUTA LEGOUSIN0, "OTI4 TA METEWRA KAI
TA "UPO GH$ KAI QEOU$ MH NOMIZEIN KAI TON "HTTW
LOGON KREITTW POIEIN. TA GAR 'ALHQH 'OIOMAI 'OUK 'AN4
'EQELOIEN LEGEIN, "OTI4 KATADHLOI GIGNONTAI PROSPOIOUMENOI
MEN 'EIDENAI, 'EIDOTE$ DE 'OUDEN. "ATE 'OUN 'OIMAI FILOTIMOI
<P 23E>
'ONTE$ KAI SFODROI KAI POLLOI, KAI SUNTETAMENW$ KAI PIQANW$
LEGONTE$ PERI= 'EMOU4, 'EMPEPLHKASIN "UMWN TA 'WTA KAI
PALAI KAI SFODRW$ DIABALLONTE$. 'EK TOUTWN KAI MELHTO$
MOI 'EPEQETO KAI 'ANUTO$ KAI LUKWN, MELHTO$ MEN "UPER TWN
POIHTWN 'ACQOMENO$, 'ANUTO$ DE "UPER TWN DHMIOURGWN KAI


<P 24A>
TWN POLITIKWN, LUKWN DE "UPER TWN "RHTORWN; "WSTE, "OPER
'ARCOMENO$ 'EGW 'ELEGON, QAUMAZOIM' 'AN4 'EI "OIO$-T'-'EIHN 'EGW
"UMWN TAUTHN THN DIABOLHN 'EXELESQAI 'EN "OUTW$ 'OLIGWI CRONWI
"OUTW POLLHN GEGONUIAN. TAUT' 'ESTIN "UMIN, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI,
'TALHQH, KAI "UMA$ 'OUTE MEGA 'OUTE MIKRON 'APOKRUYAMENO$
'EGW LEGW0 'OUD' "UPOSTEILAMENO$. KAITOI 'OIDA SCEDON
"OTI4 'AUTOI$ TOUTOI$ 'APECQANOMAI, "O= KAI TEKMHRION "OTI4 'ALHQH
LEGW0 KAI "OTI4 "AU=TH 'ESTIN "H DIABOLH "H 'EMH KAI TA 'AI=TIA
<P 24B>
TAUTA 'ESTIN. KAI 'EANTE NU*N 'EANTE 'AUQI$ ZHTHSHTE TAUTA,
"OUTW$ "EURHSETE.
PERI= MEN-'OUN "WN "OI PRWTOI MOU KATHGOROI KATHGOROUN
"AU=TH 'ESTW "IKANH 'APOLOGIA PRO$ "UMA$; PRO$ DE MELHTON
TON 'AGAQON KAI FILOPOLIN, "W$ FHSI, KAI TOU$ "USTEROU$
META TAUTA PEIRASOMAI 'APOLOGHSASQAI. 'AUQI$ GAR-DH,
"WSPER "ETERWN TOUTWN 'ONTWN0 KATHGORWN, LABWMEN 'AU THN
TOUTWN 'ANTWMOSIAN. 'ECEI0 DE PW$ "WDE; SWKRATH FHSIN
'ADIKEIN TOU$ TE NEOU$ DIAFQEIRONTA KAI QEOU$ "OU$ "H POLI$
<P 24C>
NOMIZEI0 'OU NOMIZONTA, "E=TERA DE DAIMO=NIA KAINA. TO MEN-DH
'EGKLHMA TOIOUTON 'ESTIN; TOUTOU DE TOU* 'EGKLHMATO$ "EN
"EKASTON 'EXETASWMEN.
FHSI GAR-DH TOU$ NEOU$ 'ADIKEIN ME DIAFQEIRONTA. 'EGW DE-GE,
'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI, 'ADIKEIN FHMI MELHTON, "OTI4 SPOUDHI
CARIENTIZETAI, "RA\DIW$ 'EI$ 'AGWNA KAQISTA$ 'ANQRWPOU$, PERI=
PRAGMATWN PROSPOIOUMENO$ SPOUDAZEIN KAI KHDESQAI "WN 'OUDEN
TOUTWI PWPOTE 'EMELHSEN; "W$ DE TOUTO "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, PEIRASOMAI
KAI "UMIN 'EPIDEIXAI0. KAI MOI DEURO, 'W* MELHTE, 'EIPE=; 'ALLO TI 'H=
<P 24D>
PERI= PLEISTOU POIHI0 "OPW$ "W$ BELTISTOI "OI NEWTEROI 'ESONTAI:
'EGWGE.
'IQI DH-NUN 'EIPE= TOUTOI$, TI=$ 'AUTOU$ BELTIOU$ POIEI0:
DHLON GAR "OTI4 'OISQA, MELON GE SOI4. TON MEN-GAR DIAFQEIRONTA
'EXEURWN, "W$ FH=I$, 'EME, 'EISAGEI$ TOUTOISI KAI KATHGOREI$;
TON DE-DH BELTIOU$ POIOUNTA 'IQI 'EIPE= KAI MHNUSON2
'AUTOI$ TI=$ 'ESTIN. "ORA*I$0, 'W* MELHTE, "OTI4 SIGA*I$0 KAI 'OUK
'ECEI$ 'EIPEIN: KAITOI 'OUK 'AISCRON SOI4 DOKEI0 'EINAI KAI "IKANON
TEKMHRION "OU DH 'EGW LEGW0, "OTI4 SOI4 'OUDEN MEMELHKEN0: 'ALL'
'EIPE=, 'WGAQE, TI=$ 'AUTOU$ 'AMEINOU$ POIEI0:
"OI NOMOI.
<P 24E>
'ALL' 'OU TOUTO 'ERWTW0, 'W* BELTISTE, 'ALLA= TI=$ 'ANQRWPO$,
"OSTI$ PRWTON KAI 'AUTO TOUTO 'OIDE, TOU$ NOMOU$:
"OUTOI, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OI DIKASTAI.
PW*$ LEGEI$, 'W* MELHTE: "OIDE TOU$ NEOU$ PAIDEUEIN "OIOI-TE-'EISI
KAI BELTIOU$ POIOUSIN0:
MALISTA.
POTERON "APANTE$, 'H= "OI MEN 'AUTWN, "OI D' 'OU=:
"APANTE$.
'EU GE NH THN "HRAN LEGEI$ KAI POLLHN 'AFQONIAN TWN
'WFELOUNTWN0. TI= DE-DH: "OI DE 'AKROATAI BELTIOU$ POIOUSIN0


<P 25A>
'H= 'OU=:
KAI "OUTOI.
TI= DE, "OI BOULEUTAI:
KAI "OI BOULEUTAI.
'ALL'-'A=RA, 'W* MELHTE, MH "OI 'EN THI 'EKKLHSIA\, "OI 'EKKLHSIASTAI,
DIAFQEIROUSI0 TOU$ NEWTEROU$: 'H= 'KAKEINOI BELTIOU$
POIOUSIN0 "APANTE$:
'KAKEINOI.
PANTE$ 'A=RA, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'AQHNAIOI KALOU$ 'KAGAQOU$
POIOUSI0 PLHN 'EMOU4, 'EGW DE MONO$ DIAFQEIRW0. "OUTW LEGEI$:
PANU SFODRA TAUTA LEGW0.
POLLHN GE MOU KATEGNWKA$ DUSTUCIAN. KAI MOI 'APOKRINAI2.
'H*-KAI PERI= "IPPOU$ "OUTW SOI4 DOKEI0 'ECEIN: "OI MEN
<P 25B>
BELTIOU$ POIOUNTE$ 'AUTOU$ PANTE$ 'ANQRWPOI 'EINAI, "EI$ DE
TI$ "O DIAFQEIRWN: 'H= 'TOUNANTION TOUTOU PAN "EI$ MEN TI$ "O
BELTIOU$ "OIO$-T'-'WN POIEIN 'H= PANU 'OLIGOI, "OI "IPPIKOI, "OI DE
POLLOI 'EANPER SUNWSI KAI CRWNTAI2 "IPPOI$, DIAFQEIROUSIN0:
'OUC "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, 'W* MELHTE, KAI PERI= "IPPWN KAI TWN 'ALLWN
"APANTWN ZWIWN: PANTW$ DHPOU, 'EANTE SU KAI 'ANUTO$ 'OU
FHTE 'EANTE FHTE; POLLH GAR 'AN4 TI$ 'EUDAIMONIA 'EIH PERI=
TOU$ NEOU$ 'EI "EI$ MEN MONO$ 'AUTOU$ DIAFQEIREI0, "OI D' 'ALLOI
<P 25C>
'WFELOUSIN0. 'ALLA=-GAR, 'W* MELHTE, "IKANW$ 'EPIDEIKNUSAI
"OTI4 'OUDEPWPOTE 'EFRONTISA$ TWN NEWN, KAI SAFW$ 'APOFAINEI$
THN SAUTOU 'AMELEIAN, "OTI4 'OUDEN SOI4 MEMELHKEN0 PERI= "WN
'EME 'EISAGEI$.
'ETI DE "HMIN 'EIPE=, 'W* PRO$ DIO$ MELHTE, POTERON 'ESTIN
'OIKEIN 'AMEINON 'EN POLITAI$ CRHSTOI$ 'H= PONHROI$: 'W* TAN, 'APOKRINAI2;
'OUDEN GAR-TOI CALEPON 'ERWTW0. 'OUC "OI MEN PONHROI
KAKON TI 'ERGAZONTAI TOU$ 'AEI 'EGGUTATW "AUTWN 'ONTA$, "OI D'
'AGAQOI 'AGAQON TI:
PANU GE.
<P 25D>
'ESTIN 'OUN "OSTI$ BOULETAI "UPO TWN SUNONTWN0 BLAPTESQAI
MALLON 'H= 'WFELEISQAI: 'APOKRINOU, 'W* 'AGAQE; KAI-GAR "O NOMO$
KELEUEI0 'APOKRINESQAI. 'ESQ' "OSTI$ BOULETAI BLAPTESQAI:
'OU-DHTA.
FERE DH, POTERON 'EME 'EISAGEI$ DEURO "W$ DIAFQEIRONTA TOU$
NEOU$ KAI PONHROTEROU$ POIOUNTA "EKONTA 'H= 'AKONTA:
"EKONTA 'EGWGE.
TI= DHTA, 'W* MELHTE: TOSOUTON SU 'EMOU4 SOFWTERO$ 'EI* THLIKOUTOU
'ONTO$ THLIKOSDE 'WN, "WSTE SU MEN 'EGNWKA$ "OTI4 "OI
MEN KAKOI KAKON TI 'ERGAZONTAI 'AEI TOU$ MALISTA PLHSION
<P 25E>
"EAUTWN, "OI DE 'AGAQOI 'AGAQON, 'EGW DE-DH 'EI$ TOSOUTON 'AMAQIA$
"HKW0 "WSTE KAI TOUT' 'AGNOW0, "OTI4 'EA=N TINA MOCQHRON
POIHSW4 TWN SUNONTWN0, KINDUNEUSW2 KAKON TI LABEIN "UP' 'AUTOU4,
"WSTE TOUTO TO7 TOSOUTON KAKON "EKWN POIW0, "W$ FH=I$ SU:
TAUTA 'EGW SOI4 'OU PEIQOMAI, 'W* MELHTE, 'OIMAI DE-'OUDE 'ALLON
'ANQRWPWN 'OUDENA; 'ALL' 'H= 'OU DIAFQEIRW0, 'H= 'EI DIAFQEIRW0,


<P 26A>
'AKWN, "WSTE SU GE KAT' 'AMFO=TERA YEUDHI0. 'EI DE 'AKWN DIAFQEIRW0,
TWN TOIOUTWN KAI8 'AKOUSIWN8 "AMARTHMATWN 'OU DEURO
NOMO$ 'EISAGEIN 'ESTIN, 'ALLA= 'IDIA\ LABONTA DIDASKEIN KAI NOUQETEIN;
DHLON GAR "OTI4 'EA=N MAQW, PAUSOMAI "O= GE 'AKWN POIW0.
SU DE SUGGENESQAI MEN MOI KAI DIDAXAI0 'EFUGE$ KAI 'OUK
'HQELHSA$, DEURO DE 'EISAGEI$, "OI*4 NOMO$ 'ESTIN 'EISAGEIN TOU$
KOLASEW$ DEOMENOU$ 'ALL' 'OU MAQHSEW$.
'ALLA=-GAR, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI, TOUTO MEN 'HDH DHLON
<P 26B>
"OUGW 'ELEGON, "OTI4 MELHTWI TOUTWN 'OUTE MEGA 'OUTE MIKRON
PWPOTE 'EMELHSEN. "OMW$ DE-DH LEGE "HMIN, PW*$ ME FH=I$
DIAFQEIREIN, 'W* MELHTE, TOU$ NEWTEROU$: 'H= DHLON DH "OTI4
KATA THN GRAFHN "HN 'EGRAYW QEOU$ DIDASKONTA MH NOMIZEIN
"OU$ "H POLI$ NOMIZEI0, "E=TERA DE DAIMO=NIA KAINA: 'OU TAUTA
LEGEI$ "OTI4 DIDASKWN DIAFQEIRW0:
PANU MEN-'OUN SFODRA TAUTA LEGW0.
PRO$ 'AUTWN TOINUN, 'W* MELHTE, TOUTWN TWN QEWN "WN NU*N
"O LOGO$ 'ESTIN, 'EIPE= 'ETI SAFESTERON KAI 'EMOI4 KAI TOI$ 'ANDRASIN
<P 26C>
TOUTOISI. 'EGW GAR 'OU DUNAMAI MAQEIN POTERON LEGEI$
DIDASKEIN ME NOMIZEIN 'EINAI TINA$ QEOU$ % KAI 'AUTO$ 'A=RA NOMIZW0
'EINAI QEOU$ KAI 'OUK 'EIMI TO PARAPAN 'AQEO$ 'OUDE TAUTHI 'ADIKW0 %
'OU-MENTOI "OUSPER GE "H POLI$ 'ALLA= "ETEROU$, KAI TOUT' 'ESTIN
"O= MOI 'EGKALEI$0, "OTI4 "ETEROU$, 'H= PANTAPASI ME FH=I$ 'OUTE
'AUTON NOMIZEIN QEOU$ TOU$ TE 'ALLOU$ TAUTA DIDASKEIN.
TAUTA LEGW0, "W$ TO PARAPAN 'OU NOMIZEI$ QEOU$.
<P 26D>
'W* QAUMASIE MELHTE, "INA TI= TAUTA LEGEI$: 'OUDE "HLION
'OUDE SELHNHN 'A=RA NOMIZW0 QEOU$ 'EINAI, "WSPER "OI 'ALLOI
'ANQRWPOI:
MA DI=', 'W* 'ANDRE$ DIKASTAI, 'EPEI TON MEN "HLION LIQON
FHSIN 'EINAI, THN DE SELHNHN GHN.
'ANAXAGOROU 'OIEI KATHGOREIN, 'W* FILE MELHTE: KAI "OUTW
KATAFRONEI$ TWNDE KAI 'OIEI 'AUTOU$ 'APEIROU$ GRAMMATWN 'EINAI
"WSTE 'OUK 'EIDENAI "OTI4 TA 'ANAXAGOROU BIBLIA TOU* KLAZOMENIOU
GEMEI0 TOUTWN TWN LOGWN: KAI-DH-KAI "OI NEOI TAUTA PAR'
'EMOU4 MANQANOUSIN0, "A 'EXESTIN 'ENIOTE 'EI PANU POLLOU DRACMH$
<P 26E>
'EK TH$ 'ORCHSTRA$ PRIAMENOI$ SWKRATOU$ KATAGELAN, 'EA=N
PROSPOIHTAI "EAUTOU 'EINAI, 'ALLW$ TE KAI "OUTW$ 'ATOPA 'ONTA:
'ALL', 'W* PRO$ DIO$, "OUTWSI SOI4 DOKW0: 'OUDENA NOMIZW0 QEON
'EINAI:
'OU-MENTOI MA DI=A 'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN.
'APISTO$ G' 'EI*, 'W* MELHTE, KAI TAUTA MENTOI, "W$ 'EMOI4
DOKEI$, SAUTWI. 'EMOI4 GAR DOKEI0 "OUTOSI, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI,
PANU 'EINAI "UBRISTH$ KAI 'AKOLASTO$, KAI 'ATECNW$ THN GRAFHN
TAUTHN "UBREI TINI KAI 'AKOLASIA\ KAI NEOTHTI GRAYASQAI.


<P 27A>
'EOIKEN0 GAR "WSPER 'AINIGMA SUNTIQENTI DIAPEIRWMENWI 'A*RA
GNWSETAI SWKRATH$ "O SOFO$ DH 'EMOU4 CARIENTIZOMENOU KAI
'ENANTI' 'EMAUTWI LEGONTO$, 'H= 'EXAPATHSW2 'AUTON KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$
TOU$ 'AKOUONTA$: "OUTO$ GAR 'EMOI4 FAINETAI TA 'ENANTIA
LEGEIN 'AUTO$ "EAUTWI 'EN THI GRAFHI "WSPER 'AN4 'EI 'EIPOI; 'ADIKEI0
SWKRATH$ QEOU$ 'OU NOMIZWN, 'ALLA= QEOU$ NOMIZWN. KAITOI
TOUTO 'ESTI PAIZONTO$.
SUNEPISKEYASQE DH, 'W* 'ANDRE$, "HI MOI FAINETAI TAUTA
LEGEIN; SU DE "HMIN 'APOKRINAI2, 'W* MELHTE. "UMEI$ DE, "OPER
<P 27B>
KAT' 'ARCA$ "UMA$ PARHITHSAMHN, MEMNHSQE2 MOI MH QORUBEIN
'EA=N 'EN TW*I 'EIWQOTI TROPWI TOU$ LOGOU$ POIWMAI.
'ESTIN "OSTI$ 'ANQRWPWN, 'W* MELHTE, 'ANQRW=PEIA MEN NOMIZEI0
PRAGMAT' 'EINAI, 'ANQRWPOU$ DE 'OU NOMIZEI0: 'APOKRINESQW, 'W*
'ANDRE$, KAI MH 'A=LLA KAI 'A=LLA QORUBEITW; 'ESQ' "OSTI$ "IPPOU$
MEN 'OU NOMIZEI0, "IPPIKA DE PRAGMATA: 'H= 'AULHTA$ MEN 'OU
NOMIZEI0 'EINAI, 'AULHTIKA DE PRAGMATA: 'OUK 'ESTIN, 'W* 'ARISTE
'ANDRWN; 'EI MH SU BOULEI 'APOKRINESQAI, 'EGW SOI4 LEGW0 KAI
TOI$ 'ALLOI$ TOUTOISI. 'ALLA= TO 'EPI TOUTWI GE 'APOKRINAI2.
<P 27C>
'ESQ' "OSTI$ DAIMO=NIA MEN NOMIZEI0 PRAGMAT' 'EINAI, DAIMONA$ DE
'OU NOMIZEI0:
'OUK 'ESTIN.
"W$ 'WNHSA$ "OTI4 MOGI$ 'APEKRINW "UPO TOUTWNI 'ANAGKAZOMENO$.
'OUKOU*N DAIMO=NIA MEN FH=I$ ME KAI NOMIZEIN KAI DIDASKEIN,
'EI=T'-'OUN KAINA 'EITE PALAIA, 'ALL'-'OUN DAIMO=NIA GE
NOMIZW0 KATA TON SON LOGON, KAI TAUTA KAI DIWMOSW 'EN THI
'ANTIGRAFHI. 'EI DE DAIMO=NIA NOMIZW0, KAI DAIMONA$ DHPOU
POLLH 'ANAGKH NOMIZEIN ME 'ESTIN; 'OUC "OUTW$ 'ECEI0: 'ECEI0 DH;
TIQHMI GAR SE "OMOLOGOUNTA, 'EPEIDH 'OUK 'APOKRINHI0. TOU$ DE
<P 27D>
DAIMONA$ 'OUCI 'HTOI QEOU$ GE "HGOUMEQA 'H= QEWN PAIDA$: FH=I$
'H= 'OU=:
PANU GE.
'OUKOU*N 'EIPER DAIMONA$ "HGOUMAI, "W$ SU FH=I$ 'EI MEN QEOI
TINE$ 'EISIN "OI DAIMONE$, TOUT' 'AN4 'EIH "O= 'EGW FHMI SE 'AINITTESQAI
KAI CARIENTIZESQAI, QEOU$ 'OUC "HGOUMENON FANAI0 ME
QEOU$ 'AU "HGEISQAI PALIN, 'EPEIDHPER GE DAIMONA$ "HGOUMAI;
'EI D' 'AU "OI DAIMONE$ QEWN PAIDE$ 'EISIN NOQOI TINE$ 'H= 'EK NUMFWN
'H= 'EK TINWN 'ALLWN "WN DH-KAI LEGONTAI, TI=$ 'AN4 'ANQRWPWN
QEWN MEN PAIDA$ "HGOITO 'EINAI, QEOU$ DE MH: "OMOIW$ GAR
<P 27E>
'AN4 'ATOPON 'EIH "WSPER 'AN4 'EI TI$ "IPPWN MEN PAIDA$ "HGOITO
'H=-KAI 'ONWN, TOU$ "HMIONOU$, "IPPOU$ DE-KAI 'ONOU$ MH "HGOITO
'EINAI. 'ALL', 'W* MELHTE, 'OUK 'ESTIN "OPW$ SU TAUTA 'OUCI
'APOPEIRWMENO$ "HMWN 'EGRAYW THN GRAFHN TAUTHN 'H= 'APORWN
"OTI2 'EGKALOI$0 'EMOI4 'ALHQE$ 'ADIKHMA; "OPW$ DE SU TINA PEIQOI$
'AN4 KAI SMIKRON NOUN 'ECONTA 'ANQRWPWN, "W$ 'OU TOU* 'AUTOU4
'ESTIN KAI DAIMO=NIA KAI QEIA "HGEISQAI, KAI 'AU TOU* 'AUTOU4 MHTE


<P 28A>
DAIMONA$ MHTE QEOU$ MHTE "HRWA$, 'OUDEMIA MHCANH 'ESTIN.
'ALLA=-GAR, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI, "W$ MEN 'EGW 'OUK 'ADIKW0
KATA THN MELHTOU GRAFHN, 'OU POLLH$ MOI DOKEI0 'EINAI 'APOLOGIA$,
'ALLA= "IKANA KAI TAUTA; "O= DE-KAI 'EN TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN
'ELEGON, "OTI4 POLLH MOI 'EPECQEIA GEGONEN0 KAI PRO$ POLLOU$,
'EU 'ISTE "OTI4 'ALHQE$ 'ESTIN. KAI TOUT' 'ESTIN "O= 'EME "AIREI0, 'EANPER
"AIRHI5, 'OU MELHTO$ 'OUDE 'ANUTO$ 'ALL' "H TWN POLLWN DIABOLH
TE-KAI FQONO$. "A DH POLLOU$ KAI 'ALLOU$ KAI 'AGAQOU$
<P 28B>
'ANDRA$ "HIRHKEN0, 'OIMAI DE-KAI "AIRHSEI2; 'OUDEN DE DEINON MH 'EN
'EMOI4 STHI6.
'ISW$ 'AN4 'OUN 'EIPOI TI$; 'EI*T' 'OUK 'AISCUNHI0, 'W* SWKRATE$,
TOIOUTON 'EPITHDEUMA 'EPITHDEUSA$ 'EX "OU KINDUNEUEI$ NUNI 'APOQANEIN:
'EGW DE TOUTWI 'AN4 DIKAION LOGON 'ANTEIPOIMI, "OTI4 'OU
KALW$ LEGEI$, 'W* 'ANQRWPE, 'EI 'OIEI DEIN KINDUNON "UPOLOGIZESQAI
TOU* ZHN 'H= TEQNANAI 'ANDRA "OTOU TI KAI SMIKRON 'OFELO$ 'ESTIN,
'ALL' 'OUK 'EKEINO MONON SKOPEIN "OTAN PRATTHI5, POTERON DI=KAIA 'H=
'ADIKA PRATTEI0, KAI 'ANDRO$ 'AGAQOU 'ERGA 'H= KAKOU. FAULOI
<P 28C>
GAR 'AN4 TW*I GE SWI LOGWI 'EIEN TWN "HMIQEWN "OSOI 'EN TROIA\
TETELEUTHKASIN "OI TE 'ALLOI KAI "O TH$ QETIDO$ "UO$, "O$
TOSOUTON TOU* KINDUNOU KATEFRONHSEN PARA TO 'AISCRON TI
"UPOMEINAI0 "WSTE, 'EPEIDH 'EI*PEN "H MHTHR 'AUTWI PROQUMOUMENWI
"EKTORA 'APOKTEINAI0, QEO$ 'OUSA, "OUTWSI PW$, "W$ 'EGW 'OIMAI;
'W* PAI, 'EI TIMWRHSEI$ PATROKLWI TW*I "ETAIRWI TON FONON
KAI "EKTORA 'APOKTENEI$, 'AUTO$ 'APOQANHI2 % 'AUTIKA9 GAR9-TOI9,
FHSI, MEQ'9 "EKTORA9 POTMO$9 "ETOIMO$9 % "O DE TOUTO 'AKOUSA$
TOU* MEN QANATOU KAI TOU* KINDUNOU 'WLIGWRHSE, POLU DE MALLON
<P 28D>
DEISA$ TO ZHN KAKO$ 'WN KAI TOI$ FILOI$ MH TIMWREIN,
'AUTIKA9, FHSI, TEQNAIHN9, DIKHN 'EPIQEI$ TW*I 'ADIKOUNTI,
"INA MH 'ENQADE MENW3 KATAGELASTO$ PARA9 NHUSI9 KORWNISIN9
'ACQO$9 'AROURH$9. ' MH 'AUTON 'OIEI FRONTISAI0 QANATOU KAI
KINDUNOU:
"OUTW GAR 'ECEI0, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI, THI 'ALHQEIA\; "OU 'AN4 TI$
"EAUTON TAXHI6 "HGHSAMENO$ BELTISTON 'EINAI 'H= "UP' 'ARCONTO$
TACQHI, 'ENTAUQA DEI, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0, MENONTA KINDUNEUEIN,
MHDEN "UPOLOGIZOMENON MHTE QANATON MHTE 'ALLO MHDEN PRO TOU*
'AISCROU. 'EGW 'OUN DEINA 'AN4 'EIHN-'EIRGASMENO$, 'W* 'ANDRE$
<P 28E>
'AQHNAIOI, 'EI "OTE MEN ME "OI 'ARCONTE$ 'ETATTON, "OU$ "UMEI$ "EILESQE
'ARCEIN MOU KAI 'EN POTEIDAIA\ KAI 'EN 'AMFIPOLEI KAI 'EPI
DHLIWI, TO=TE MEN "OU 'EKEINOI 'ETATTON 'EMENON "WSPER KAI 'ALLO$
TI$ KAI 'EKINDUNEUON 'APOQANEIN, TOU* DE QEOU TATTONTO$, "W$ 'EGW
'WIHQHN TE-KAI "UPELABON, FILOSOFOUNTA ME DEIN ZHN KAI 'EXETAZONTA
'EMAUTON KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$, 'ENTAUQA DE FOBHQEI$ 'H= QANATON


<P 29A>
'H= 'A=LL'2 "OTIOUN PRAGMA LIPOIMI THN TAXIN. DEINON 'TAN4 'EIH, KAI
"W$ 'ALHQW$ TO=T' 'AN4 ME DIKAIW$ 'EISAGOI TI$ 'EI$ DIKASTHRION,
"OTI4 'OU NOMIZW0 QEOU$ 'EINAI 'APEIQWN THI MANTEIA\ KAI DEDIW$
QANATON KAI 'OIOMENO$ SOFO$ 'EINAI 'OUK 'WN. TO GAR-TOI
QANATON DEDIENAI, 'W* 'ANDRE$, 'OUDEN 'ALLO 'ESTIN 'H= DOKEIN SOFON
'EINAI MH 'ONTA; DOKEIN GAR 'EIDENAI 'ESTIN "A 'OUK 'OIDEN. 'OIDE
MEN-GAR 'OUDEI$ TON QANATON 'OUD 'EI TUGCANEI0 TW*I 'ANQRWPWI
PANTWN MEGISTON 'ON TWN 'AGAQWN, DEDIASI D' "W$ 'EU 'EIDOTE$
<P 29B>
"OTI4 MEGISTON TWN KAKWN 'ESTI. KAITOI PW*$ 'OUK 'AMAQIA 'ESTIN
"AU=TH "H 'EPONEIDISTO$, "H TOU* 'OIESQAI 'EIDENAI "A 'OUK 'OIDEN: 'EGW
D', 'W* 'ANDRE$, TOUTWI KAI 'ENTAUQA 'ISW$ DIAFERW0 TWN POLLWN
'ANQRWPWN, KAI 'EI DH TWI SOFWTERO$ TOU FAIHN 'EINAI, TOUTWI
'AN4, "OTI4 'OUK 'EIDW$ "IKANW$ PERI= TWN 'EN "AIDOU "OUTW KAI 'OIOMAI
'OUK 'EIDENAI; TO DE 'ADIKEIN KAI 'APEIQEIN TW*I BELTIONI KAI QEWI
KAI 'ANQRWPWI, "OTI4 KAKON KAI 'AISCRON 'ESTIN 'OIDA. PRO 'OUN TWN
KAKWN "WN 'OIDA "OTI4 KAKA 'ESTIN, "A MH 'OIDA 'EI KAI 'AGAQA 'ONTA
TUGCANEI0 'OUDEPOTE FOBHSOMAI 'OUDE FEUXOMAI; "WSTE 'OUD' 'EI
<P 29C>
ME NU*N "UMEI$ 'AFIETE0 'ANUTWI 'APISTHSANTE$, "O$ 'EFH 'H= THN
'ARCHN 'OU DEIN 'EME DEURO 'EISELQEIN 'H= 'EPEIDH 'EISHLQON, 'OUC
"OION-T'-'EINAI TO MH 'APOKTEINAI0 ME, LEGWN PRO$ "UMA$ "W$ 'EI
DIAFEUXOIMHN 'HDH 'AN84 "UMWN "OI "UEI$ 'EPITHDEUONTE$ "A SWKRATH$
DIDASKEI0 PANTE$ PANTAPASI DIAFQARHSONTAI?* 'EI MOI
PRO$ TAUTA 'EIPOITE; 'W* SWKRATE$, NU*N MEN 'ANUTWI 'OU PEISOMEQA
'ALL' 'AFIEMEN SE, 'EPI TOUTWI MENTOI, 'EF'-"WITE MHKETI
'EN TAUTHI THI ZHTHSEI DIATRIBEIN MHDE FILOSOFEIN; 'EA=N DE
<P 29D>
"ALWI$ 'ETI TOUTO PRATTWN, 'APOQANHI2 % 'EI 'OUN ME, "OPER 'EIPON,
'EPI TOUTOI$ 'AFIOITE, 'EIPOIM' 'AN4 "UMIN "OTI4 'EGW "UMA$, 'W* 'ANDRE$
'AQHNAIOI, 'ASPAZOMAI MEN-KAI FILW0, PEISOMAI DE MALLON TW*I
QEWI 'H= "UMIN, KAI "EWSPER 'AN4 'EMPNEW3 KAI "OIO$-TE-'W*2, 'OU-MH
PAUSWMAI FILOSOFWN KAI "UMIN PARAKELEUOMENO$ TE-KAI
'ENDEIKNUMENO$ "OTWI 'AN4 'AEI 'ENTUGCANW3 "UMWN, LEGWN "OIAPER
'EIWQA, "OTI4 'W* 'ARISTE 'ANDRWN, 'AQHNAIO$ 'WN, POLEW$ TH$
MEGISTH$ KAI 'EUDOKIMWTATH$ 'EI$ SOFIAN KAI 'ISCUN, CRHMATWN
MEN 'OUK 'AISCUNHI0 'EPIMELOUMENO$ "OPW$ SOI4 'ESTAI "W$ PLEISTA,
<P 29E>
KAI DOXH$ KAI TIMH$, FRONHSEW$ DE-KAI 'ALHQEIA$ KAI TH$
YUCH$ "OPW$ "W$ BELTISTH 'ESTAI 'OUK 'EPIMELHI0 'OUDE FRONTIZEI$:
KAI 'EA=N TI$ "UMWN 'AMFISBHTHSHI6 KAI FHI 'EPIMELEISQAI,
'OUK 'EUQU$ 'AFHSW 'AUTON 'OUD' 'APEIMI, 'ALL' 'ERHSOMAI 'AUTON KAI
'EXETASW2 KAI 'ELEGXW2, KAI 'EA=N MOI MH DOKHI5 KEKTHSQAI 'ARETHN,


<P 30A>
FANAI0 DE, 'ONEIDIW "OTI4 TA PLEISTOU 'A=XIA PERI= 'ELACISTOU POIEITAI,
TA DE FAULO=TERA PERI= PLEIONO$. TAUTA KAI NEWTERWI
KAI PRESBUTERWI "OTWI 'AN4 'ENTUGCANW3 POIHSW2, KAI XENWI KAI
'ASTWI MALLON DE TOI$ 'ASTOI$, "OSWI MOU 'EGGUTERW 'ESTE0 GENEI.
TAUTA GAR KELEUEI0 "O QEO$, 'EU 'ISTE2, KAI 'EGW 'OIOMAI 'OUDEN PW
"UMIN MEIZON 'AGAQON GENESQAI 'EN THI POLEI 'H= THN 'EMHN TW*I QEWI
"UPHRESIAN. 'OUDEN GAR 'ALLO PRATTWN 'EGW PERIERCOMAI 'H=
PEIQWN "UMWN KAI NEWTEROU$ KAI PRESBUTEROU$ MHTE SWMATWN
<P 30B>
'EPIMELEISQAI MHTE CRHMATWN PROTERON MHDE "OUTW SFODRA
"W$ TH$ YUCH$ "OPW$ "W$ 'ARISTH 'ESTAI, LEGWN "OTI4 'OUK 'EK
CRHMATWN 'ARETH GIGNETAI, 'ALL' 'EX 'ARETH$ CRHMATA KAI TA
'A=LLA 'AGAQA TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ "APANTA KAI 'IDIA\ KAI DHMOSIA\.
'EI MEN-'OUN TAUTA LEGWN DIAFQEIRW0 TOU$ NEOU$, TAUT' 'AN4 'EIH
BLABERA; 'EI DE TI$ ME FHSIN 'A=LLA LEGEIN 'H= TAUTA, 'OUDEN
LEGEI0. PRO$ TAUTA, FAIHN 'AN4, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI, 'H=
PEIQESQE2 'ANUTWI 'H= MH, KAI 'H= 'AFIETE3 ME 'H= MH, "W$ 'EMOU4 'OUK
<P 30C>
'AN4 POIHSANTO$ 'A=LLA, 'OUD' 'EI MELLW0 POLLAKI$ TEQNANAI.
MH QORUBEITE3, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI, 'ALL' 'EMMEINATE MOI
"OI$ 'EDEHQHN "UMWN, MH QORUBEIN 'EF' "OI$ 'AN4 LEGW3 'ALL' 'AKOUEIN;
KAI-GAR, "W$ 'EGW 'OIMAI, 'ONHSESQE 'AKOUONTE$. MELLW0 GAR-'OUN
'ATTA "UMIN 'EREIN2 KAI 'A=LLA 'EF' "OI$ 'ISW$ BOHSESQE; 'ALLA=
MHDAMW$ POIEITE3 TOUTO. 'EU GAR 'ISTE2, 'EA=N ME 'APOKTEINHTE
TOIOUTON 'ONTA "OION 'EGW LEGW0, 'OUK 'EME MEIZW BLAYETE 'H=
"UMA$-'AUTOU$; 'EME MEN-GAR 'OUDEN 'AN4 BLAYEIEN 'OUTE MELHTO$
'OUTE 'ANUTO$ % 'OUDE-GAR 'AN4 DUNAITO % 'OU-GAR 'OIOMAI QEMITON
<P 30D>
'EINAI 'AMEINONI 'ANDRI "UPO CEIRONO$ BLAPTESQAI. 'APOKTEINEIE
'MENTAN 'ISW$ 'H= 'EXELASEIEN 'H= 'ATIMWSEIEN; 'ALLA= TAUTA "OUTO$
MEN 'ISW$ 'OIETAI KAI 'ALLO$ TI$ POU MEGALA KAKA, 'EGW D' 'OUK
'OIOMAI, 'ALLA= POLU MALLON POIEIN "A "OUTOSI NU*N POIEI0, 'ANDRA
'ADIKW$ 'EPICEIREIN 'APOKTEINUNAI. NU*N 'OUN, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI,
POLLOU DEW0 'EGW "UPER 'EMAUTOU 'APOLOGEISQAI, "W$ TI$
'AN4 'OIOITO, 'ALLA= "UPER "UMWN MH TI 'EXAMARTHTE PERI= THN TOU*
<P 30E>
QEOU DOSIN "UMIN 'EMOU4 KATAYHFISAMENOI. 'EA=N GAR ME 'APOKTEINHTE,
'OU "RA\DIW$ 'ALLON TOIOUTON "EURHSETE, 'ATECNW$ % 'EI
KAI GELOIOTERON 'EIPEIN % PROSKEIMENON THI POLEI "UPO TOU* QEOU
"WSPER "IPPWI MEGALWI MEN-KAI GENNAIWI, "UPO MEGEQOU$ DE NWQESTERWI
KAI DEOMENWI 'EGEIRESQAI "UPO MUWPO$ TINO$, "OION DH
MOI DOKEI0 "O QEO$ 'EME THI POLEI PROSTEQHKENAI TOIOUTON TINA,
"O$ "UMA$ 'EGEIRWN KAI PEIQWN KAI 'ONEIDIZWN "ENA "EKASTON


<P 31A>
'OUDEN PAUOMAI THN "HMERAN "OLHN PANTACOU PROSKAQIZWN.
TOIOUTO$ 'OUN 'ALLO$ 'OU "RA\DIW$ "UMIN GENHSETAI, 'W* 'ANDRE$,
'ALL' 'EA=N 'EMOI4 PEIQHSQE, FEISESQE MOU; "UMEI$ D' 'ISW$ TAC'
'AN4 'ACQOMENOI, "WSPER "OI NUSTAZONTE$ 'EGEIROMENOI, KROUSANTE$
'AN4 ME, PEIQOMENOI 'ANUTWI, "RA\DIW$ 'AN4 'APOKTEINAITE, 'EITA TON
LOIPON BION KAQEUDONTE$ DIATELOITE0 'AN4, 'EI MH TINA 'ALLON "O
QEO$ "UMIN 'EPIPEMYEIEN KHDOMENO$ "UMWN. "OTI4 D' 'EGW TUGCANW0
'WN TOIOUTO$ "OIO$ "UPO TOU* QEOU THI POLEI DEDOSQAI, 'ENQENDE
<P 31B>
'AN4 KATANOHSAITE; 'OU-GAR 'ANQRWPINWI 'EOIKE0 TO 'EME TWN
MEN 'EMAUTOU PANTWN 'HMELHKENAI KAI 'ANECESQAI TWN 'OIKEIWN
'AMELOUMENWN TOSAUTA 'HDH 'ETH, TO DE "UMETERON PRATTEIN 'AEI,
'IDIA\ "EKASTWI PROSIONTA "WSPER PATERA 'H= 'ADELFON PRESBUTERON
PEIQONTA 'EPIMELEISQAI 'ARETH$. KAI 'EI MEN TI 'APO
TOUTWN 'APELAUON KAI MISQON LAMBANWN TAUTA PAREKELEUOMHN,
'EICON 'AN4 TINA LOGON; NU*N DE "ORATE0 DH-KAI 'AUTOI
"OTI4 "OI KATHGOROI 'TALLA PANTA 'ANAISCUNTW$ "OUTW KATHGOROUNTE$
TOUTO GE 'OUC "OIOI-TE-'EGENONTO 'APANAISCUNTHSAI0
<P 31C>
PARASCOMENOI MARTURA, "W$ 'EGW POTE TINA 'H= 'EPRAXAMHN
MISQON 'H= 'HITHSA. "IKANON GAR, 'OIMAI, 'EGW PARECOMAI TON
MARTURA "W$ 'ALHQH LEGW0, THN PENIAN.
'ISW$ 'AN4 'OUN DOXEIEN 'ATOPON 'EINAI, "OTI4 DH 'EGW 'IDIA\ MEN
TAUTA SUMBOULEUW0 PERIIWN KAI POLUPRAGMONW0, DHMOSIA\ DE
'OU TOLMW0 'ANABAINWN 'EI$ TO PLHQO$ TO "UMETERON SUMBOULEUEIN
THI POLEI. TOUTOU DE 'AITION 'ESTIN "O= "UMEI$ 'EMOU4
POLLAKI$ 'AKHKOATE POLLACOU LEGONTO$, "OTI4 MOI QEION TI KAI
<P 31D>
DAIMONION GIGNETAI FWNH8, "O= DH-KAI 'EN THI GRAFHI 'EPIKWMWIDWN
MELHTO$ 'EGRAYATO. 'EMOI4 DE TOUT' 'ESTIN 'EK PAIDO$
'ARXAMENON, FWNH TI$ GIGNOMENH, "H= "OTAN GENHTAI, 'AEI 'APOTREPEI0
ME TOUTO "O= 'AN4 MELLW3 PRATTEIN, PROTREPEI0 DE 'OUPOTE.
TOUT' 'ESTIN "O= MOI 'ENANTIOUTAI TA POLITIKA PRATTEIN, KAI
PAGKALW$ GE MOI DOKEI0 'ENANTIOUSQAI; 'EU GAR 'ISTE2, 'W* 'ANDRE$
'AQHNAIOI, 'EI 'EGW PALAI 'EPECEIRHSA PRATTEIN TA POLITIKA
PRAGMATA, PALAI 'AN4 'APOLWLH KAI-'OUT' 'AN4 "UMA$ 'WFELHKH
<P 31E>
'OUDEN 'OUT' 'AN4 'EMAUTON. KAI MOI MH 'ACQESQE2 LEGONTI 'TALHQH;
'OU-GAR 'ESTIN "OSTI$ 'ANQRWPWN SWQHSETAI 'OUTE "UMIN 'OUTE
'ALLWI PLHQEI 'OUDENI GNHSIW$ 'ENANTIOUMENO$ KAI DIAKWLUWN
POLLA 'ADIKA KAI PARANOMA 'EN THI POLEI GIGNESQAI, 'ALL'


<P 32A>
'ANAGKAION 'ESTI TON TW*I-'ONTI MACOUMENON "UPER TOU* DIKAIOU,
KAI 'EI MELLEI0 'OLIGON CRONON SWQHSESQAI, 'IDIWTEUEIN 'ALLA=
MH DHMOSIEUEIN.
MEGALA D' 'EGWGE "UMIN TEKMHRIA PAREXOMAI TOUTWN, 'OU
LOGOU$ 'ALL' "O= "UMEI$ TIMATE0, 'ERGA. 'AKOUSATE DH MOI TA
SUMBEBHKOTA, "INA 'EIDHTE "OTI4 'OUD' 'AN4 "ENI "UPEIKAQOIMI PARA
TO DIKAION DEISA$ QANATON, MH "UPEIKWN DE-'ALLA= 'KAN4 'APOLOIMHN.
'ERW2 DE "UMIN FORTIKA MEN-KAI DIKANIKA, 'ALHQH DE.
'EGW GAR 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI, 'ALLHN MEN 'ARCHN 'OUDEMIAN
<P 32B>
PWPOTE 'HRXA 'EN THI POLEI, 'EBOULEUSA DE; KAI 'ETUCEN "HMWN
"H FULH 'ANTIOCI$ PRUTANEUOUSA "OTE "UMEI$ TOU$ DEKA
STRATHGOU$ TOU$ 'OUK 'ANELOMENOU$ TOU$ 'EK TH$ NAUMACIA$
'EBOULEUSASQE "AQROOU$ KRINEIN0, PARANOMW$, "W$ 'EN TW*I "USTERWI
CRONWI PASIN "UMIN 'EDOXEN. TO=T' 'EGW MONO$ TWN PRUTANEWN
'HNANTIWQHN "UMIN MHDEN POIEIN PARA TOU$ NOMOU$ KAI 'ENANTIA
'EYHFISAMHN; KAI "ETOIMWN 'ONTWN0 'ENDEIKNUNAI ME KAI 'APAGEIN
TWN "RHTORWN, KAI "UMWN KELEUONTWN0 KAI BOWNTWN0, META TOU*
<P 32C>
NOMOU KAI TOU* DIKAIOU 'WIMHN MALLON ME DEIN DIAKINDUNEUEIN
'H= MEQ' "UMWN GENESQAI MH DI=KAIA BOULEUOMENWN, FOBHQENTA
DESMON 'H= QANATON. KAI TAUTA MEN 'H*N 'ETI DHMOKRATOUMENH$
TH$ POLEW$; 'EPEIDH DE 'OLIGARCIA 'EGENETO, "OI TRIAKONTA 'AU
METAPEMYAMENOI ME PEMPTON 'AUTON 'EI$ THN QOLON PROSETAXAN
'AGAGEIN 'EK SALAMINO$ LEONTA TON SALAMINION "INA 'APOQANOI,
"OI*A DH-KAI 'ALLOI$ 'EKEINOI POLLOI$ POLLA PROSETATTON, BOULOMENOI
"W$ PLEISTOU$ 'ANAPLHSAI0 'AITIWN. TO=TE MENTOI 'EGW
<P 32D>
'OU LOGWI 'ALL' 'ERGWI 'AU 'ENEDEIXAMHN "OTI4 'EMOI4 QANATOU MEN
MELEI0, 'EI MH 'AGROIKOTERON 'H*N 'EIPEIN, 'OUD' "OTIOUN, TOU* DE MHDEN
'ADIKON MHD' 'ANOSION 'ERGAZESQAI, TOUTOU DE TO PAN MELEI0.
'EME GAR 'EKEINH "H 'ARCH 'OUK 'EXEPLHXEN, "OUTW$ 'ISCURA 'OUSA,
"WSTE 'ADIKON TI 'ERGASASQAI, 'ALL' 'EPEIDH 'EK TH$ QOLOU
'EXHLQOMEN, "OI MEN TETTARE$ 'WICONTO 'EI$ SALAMINA KAI 'HGAGON
LEONTA, 'EGW DE 'WICOMHN 'APIWN 'OIKADE. KAI 'ISW$ 'AN4 DIA=
TAUTA 'APEQANON, 'EI MH "H 'ARCH DIA= TACEWN KATELUQH. KAI
<P 32E>
TOUTWN "UMIN 'ESONTAI POLLOI MARTURE$.
'A*R'-'OUN 'AN4 ME 'OIESQE0 TOSADE 'ETH DIAGENESQAI 'EI 'EPRATTON
TA DHMO=SIA, KAI PRATTWN 'AXIW$ 'ANDRO$ 'AGAQOU 'EBOHQOUN
TOI$ DIKAIOI$ KAI "WSPER CRH TOUTO PERI= PLEISTOU 'EPOIOUMHN:
POLLOU GE DEI, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI; 'OUDE-GAR 'AN4 'ALLO$


<P 33A>
'ANQRWPWN 'OUDEI$. 'ALL' 'EGW DIA= PANTO$ TOU* BIOU DHMOSIA\
TE 'EI POU TI 'EPRAXA TOIOUTO$ FANOUMAI, KAI 'IDIA\ "O 'AUTO$
"OUTO$, 'OUDENI PWPOTE SUGCWRHSA$ 'OUDEN PARA TO DIKAION
'OUTE 'ALLWI 'OUTE TOUTWN 'OUDENI "OU$ DH DIABALLONTE$ 'EME
FASIN0 'EMOU$ MAQHTA$ 'EINAI. 'EGW DE DIDASKALO$ MEN 'OUDENO$
PWPOT' 'EGENOMHN; 'EI DE TI$ MOU LEGONTO$ KAI TA 'EMAUTOU
PRATTONTO$ 'EPIQUMOI 'AKOUEIN, 'EITE NEWTERO$ 'EITE PRESBUTERO$,
'OUDENI PWPOTE 'EFQONHSA, 'OUDE CRHMATA MEN LAMBANWN DIALEGOMAI
<P 33B>
MH LAMBANWN DE 'OU= 'ALL' "OMOIW$ KAI PLOUSIWI KAI
PENHTI PARECW0 'EMAUTON 'ERWTAN, KAI 'EA=N TI$ BOULHTAI
'APOKRINOMENO$ 'AKOUEIN "WN 'AN4 LEGW3. KAI TOUTWN 'EGW 'EITE
TI$ CRHSTO$ GIGNETAI 'EITE MH, 'OUK 'AN4 DIKAIW$ THN 'AITIAN
"UPECOIMI, "WN MHTE "UPESCOMHN MHDENI MHDEN PWPOTE MAQHMA
MHTE 'EDIDAXA; 'EI DE TI$ FHSI PAR' 'EMOU4 PWPOTE TI MAQEIN 'H=
'AKOUSAI0 'IDIA\ "OTI2 MH KAI "OI 'ALLOI PANTE$, 'EU 'ISTE2 "OTI4 'OUK
'ALHQH LEGEI0.
'ALLA= DIA= TI= DH POTE MET' 'EMOU4 CAIROUSI0 TINE$ POLUN
<P 33C>
CRONON DIATRIBONTE$: 'AKHKOATE, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI, PASAN
"UMIN THN 'ALHQEIAN 'EGW 'EIPON; "OTI4 'AKOUONTE$ CAIROUSIN0
'EXETAZOMENOI$ TOI$ 'OIOMENOI$ MEN 'EINAI SOFOI$, 'OUSI D' OU=.
'ESTI GAR 'OUK 'AHDE$. 'EMOI4 DE TOUTO, "W$ 'EGW FHMI, PROSTETAKTAI
"UPO TOU* QEOU PRATTEIN KAI 'EK MANTEIWN KAI 'EX 'ENUPNIWN
KAI PANTI TROPWI "WIPER TI$ POTE KAI 'ALLH QEI=A MOIRA 'ANQRWPWI
KAI "OTIOUN PROSETAXE PRATTEIN. TAUTA, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI,
KAI 'ALHQH 'ESTIN KAI 'EUELEGKTA. 'EI GAR-DH 'EGWGE TWN NEWN
<P 33D>
TOU$ MEN DIAFQEIRW0 TOU$ DE DIEFQARKA, CRHN DHPOU, 'EITE
TINE$ 'AUTWN PRESBUTEROI GENOMENOI 'EGNWSAN "OTI4 NEOI$ 'OUSIN
'AUTOI$ 'EGW KAKON PWPOTE TI SUNEBOULEUSA, NUNI 'AUTOU$
'ANABAINONTA$ 'EMOU4 KATHGOREIN KAI TIMWREISQAI; 'EI DE MH
'AUTOI 'HQELON, TWN 'OIKEIWN TINA$ TWN 'EKEINWN, PATERA$ KAI
'ADELFOU$ KAI 'ALLOU$ TOU$ PROSHKONTA$, 'EIPER "UP' 'EMOU4 TI
KAKON 'EPEPONQESAN 'AUTWN "OI 'OIKEIOI, NU*N MEMNHSQAI KAI
TIMWREISQAI. PANTW$ DE PAREISIN 'AUTWN POLLOI 'ENTAUQOI
"OU$ 'EGW "ORW0, PRWTON MEN KRITWN "OUTOSI, 'EMO$ "HLIKIWTH$
<P 33E>
KAI DHMOTH$, KRITOBOULOU TOUDE PATHR, 'EPEITA LUSANIA$ "O
SFHTTIO$, 'AISCINOU TOUDE PATHR, 'ETI D' 'ANTIFWN "O KHFISIEU$
"OUTOSI, 'EPIGENOU$ PATHR, 'ALLOI TOINUN "OUTOI "WN "OI
'ADELFOI 'EN TAUTHI THI DIATRIBHI GEGONASIN, NIKOSTRATO$
QEOZOTIDOU, 'ADELFO$ QEODOTOU % KAI "O MEN QEODOTO$ TETELEUTHKEN0,
"WSTE 'OUK 'AN4 'EKEINO$ GE 'AUTOU4 KATADEHQEIH % KAI
PARALIO$ "ODE, "O DHMODOKOU, "OU 'H*N QEAGH$ 'ADELFO$; "ODE DE


<P 34A>
'ADEIMANTO$, "O 'ARISTWNO$, "OU 'ADELFO$ "OUTOSI PLATWN, KAI
'AIANTODWRO$, "OU 'APOLLODWRO$ "ODE 'ADELFO$. KAI 'ALLOU$
POLLOU$ 'EGW 'ECW0 "UMIN 'EIPEIN, "WN TINA 'ECRHN MALISTA MEN 'EN
TW*I "EAUTOU LOGWI PARASCESQAI MELHTON MARTURA; 'EI DE TO=TE
'EPELAQETO, NU*N PARASCESQW % 'EGW PARACWRW0 % KAI LEGETW
'EI TI 'ECEI0 TOIOUTON. 'ALLA= TOUTOU PAN 'TOUNANTION "EURHSETE,
'W* 'ANDRE$, PANTA$ 'EMOI4 BOHQEIN "ETOIMOU$ TW*I DIAFQEIRONTI, TW*I
KAKA 'ERGAZOMENWI TOU$ 'OIKEIOU$ 'AUTWN, "W$ FASI0 MELHTO$ KAI
<P 34B>
'ANUTO$. 'AUTOI MEN-GAR "OI DIEFQARMENOI TAC 'AN4 LOGON
'ECOIEN BOHQOUNTE$; "OI DE 'ADIAFQARTOI, PRESBUTEROI 'HDH
'ANDRE$, "OI TOUTWN PROSHKONTE$, TI=NA 'ALLON 'ECOUSI0 LOGON
BOHQOUNTE$ 'EMOI4 'ALL'-'H= TON 'ORQON TE-KAI DIKAION, "OTI4
SUNISASI MELHTWI MEN YEUDOMENWI 'EMOI4 DE 'ALHQEUONTI:
'EIEN DH, 'W* 'ANDRE$; "A MEN 'EGW 'ECOIM' 'AN4 'APOLOGEISQAI,
SCEDON 'ESTI TAUTA KAI 'A=LLA 'ISW$ TOIAUTA. TACA D' 'AN4 TI$
<P 34C>
"UMWN 'AGANAKTHSEIEN 'ANAMNHSQEI$ "EAUTOU, 'EI "O MEN-KAI 'ELATTW
TOUTOUI TOU* 'AGWNO$ 'AGWNA 'AGWNIZOMENO$ 'EDEHQH TE-KAI
"IKETEUSE TOU$ DIKASTA$ META POLLWN DAKRUWN, PAIDIA TE
"AUTOU 'ANABIBASAMENO$ "INA "OTI2 MALISTA 'ELEHQEIH, KAI 'ALLOU$
TWN 'OIKEIWN KAI FILWN POLLOU$, 'EGW DE 'OUDEN 'A=RA TOUTWN
POIHSW2, KAI TAUTA KINDUNEUWN, "W$ 'AN4 DOXAIMI, TON 'ESCATON
KINDUNON. TAC' 'AN4 'OUN TI$ TAUTA 'ENNOHSA$ 'AUQADESTERON
'AN4 PRO$ ME SCOIH KAI 'ORGISQEI$ 'AUTOI$ TOUTOI$ QEITO 'AN4 MET'
<P 34D>
'ORGH$ THN YHFON. 'EI DH TI$ "UMWN "OUTW$ 'ECEI0 % 'OUK 'AXIW0
MEN-GAR 'EGWGE, 'EI D'-'OUN % 'EPIEIKH 'AN4 MOI DOKW0 PRO$ TOUTON
LEGEIN LEGWN "OTI4 'EMOI4, 'W* 'ARISTE, 'EISIN MEN-POU TINE$ KAI
'OIKEIOI; KAI-GAR TOUTO 'AUTO TO TOU* "OMHROU, 'OUD' 'EGW 'APO9
DRUO$9 'OUD'9 'APO9 PETRH$9 PEFUKA 'ALL' 'EX 'ANQRWPWN, "WSTE
KAI 'OIKEIOI MOI 'EISI KAI "UEI$ GE, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI, TREI$, "EI$
MEN MEIRAKION 'HDH, DUO DE PAIDIA; 'ALL' "OMW$ 'OUDENA 'AUTWN
DEURO 'ANABIBASAMENO$ DEHSOMAI "UMWN 'APOYHFISASQAI. TI=
DH-'OUN 'OUDEN TOUTWN POIHSW2: 'OUK 'AUQADIZOMENO$, 'W* 'ANDRE$
<P 34E>
'AQHNAIOI, 'OUD' "UMA$ 'ATIMAZWN, 'ALL' 'EI MEN QARRALEW$ 'EGW
'ECW0 PRO$ QANATON 'H= MH, 'ALLO$ LOGO$, PRO$ D'-'OUN DOXAN KAI
'EMOI4 KAI "UMIN KAI "OLHI THI POLEI 'OU MOI DOKEI0 KALON 'EINAI 'EME
TOUTWN 'OUDEN POIEIN KAI THLIKONDE 'ONTA KAI TOUTO 'TOUNOMA
'ECONTA, 'EI=T'-'OUN 'ALHQE$ 'EI=T'-'OUN YEUDO$, 'ALL'-'OUN DEDOGMENON


<P 35A>
GE 'ESTI TWI SWKRATH DIAFEREIN TWN POLLWN 'ANQRWPWN. 'EI
'OUN "UMWN "OI DOKOUNTE$ DIAFEREIN 'EITE SOFIA\ 'EITE 'ANDREIA\
'EITE 'ALLHI "HITINIOUN 'ARETHI TOIOUTOI 'ESONTAI, 'AICRON 'AN4 'EIH;
"OIOUSPER 'EGW POLLAKI$ "EWRAKA TINA$ "OTAN KRINWNTAI, DOKOUNTA$
MEN TI 'EINAI, QAUMA=SIA DE 'ERGAZOMENOU$, "W$ DEINON
TI 'OIOMENOU$ PEISESQAI 'EI 'APOQANOUNTAI, "WSPER 'AQANATWN
'ESOMENWN 'AN2 "UMEI$ 'AUTOU$ MH 'APOKTEINHTE; "OI= 'EMOI4 DOKOUSIN0
'AISCUNHN THI POLEI PERIAPTEIN, "WST' 'AN4 TINA KAI TWN XENWN
<P 35B>
"UPOLABEIN "OTI4 "OI DIAFERONTE$ 'AQHNAIWN 'EI$ 'ARETHN, "OU$
'AUTOI "EAUTWN 'EN TE TAI$ 'ARCAI$ KAI TAI$ 'ALLAI$ TIMAI$
PROKRINOUSIN0, "OUTOI GUNAIKWN 'OUDEN DIAFEROUSIN0. TAUTA GAR,
'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI, 'OUTE "UMA$ CRH POIEIN TOU$ DOKOUNTA$
KAI "OPHIOUN TI 'EINAI, 'OUT', 'AN2 "HMEI$ POIWMEN, "UMA$ 'EPITREPEIN,
'ALLA= TOUTO 'AUTO 'ENDEIKNUSQAI, "OTI4 POLU MALLON
KATAYHFIEISQE TOU* TA 'ELEINA TAUTA DRAMATA 'EISAGONTO$ KAI
KATAGELASTON THN POLIN POIOUNTO$ 'H= TOU* "HSUCIAN 'AGONTO$.
CWRI$ DE TH$ DOXH$, 'W* 'ANDRE$, 'OUDE DIKAION MOI DOKEI0
<P 35C>
'EINAI DEISQAI TOU* DIKASTOU 'OUDE DEOMENON 'APOFEUGEIN, 'ALLA=
DIDASKEIN KAI PEIQEIN. 'OU-GAR 'EPI TOUTWI KAQHTAI "O DIKASTH$,
'EPI TW*I KATACARIZESQAI TA DI=KAIA, 'ALL' 'EPI TW*I KRINEIN0
TAUTA; KAI 'OMWMOKEN0 'OU CARIEISQAI "OI$ 'AN4 DOKHI5 'AUTWI, 'ALLA=
DIKASEIN KATA TOU$ NOMOU$. 'OU=KOUN CRH 'OUTE "HMA$ 'EQIZEIN
"UMA$ 'EPIORKEIN 'OUQ' "UMA$ 'EQIZESQAI; 'OUDETEROI GAR 'AN4 "HMWN
'EUSEBOIEN. MH-'OUN 'AXIOUTE3 ME, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI, TOIAUTA
DEIN PRO$ "UMA$ PRATTEIN "A MHTE "HGOUMAI KALA 'EINAI MHTE
<P 35D>
DI=KAIA MHTE "O=SIA, 'ALLW$ TE MENTOI NH DI=A PANTW$ KAI 'ASEBEIA$
FEUGONTA "UPO MELHTOU TOUTOUI. SAFW$ GAR 'AN4, 'EI
PEIQOIMI "UMA$ KAI TW*I DEISQAI BIAZOIMHN 'OMWMOKOTA$, QEOU$
'AN4 DIDASKOIMI MH "HGEISQAI "UMA$ 'EINAI, KAI 'ATECNW$ 'APOLOGOUMENO$
KATHGOROIHN 'AN4 'EMAUTOU "W$ QEOU$ 'OU NOMIZW0. 'ALLA=
POLLOU DEI "OUTW$ 'ECEIN; NOMIZW0 TE-GAR 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI,
"W$ 'OUDEI$ TWN 'EMWN KATHGORWN, KAI "UMIN 'EPITREPW0 KAI TW*I QEWI
KRINAI0 PERI= 'EMOU4 "OPHI MELLEI0 'EMOI4 TE 'ARISTA 'EINAI KAI "UMIN.
<P 35E>
TO MEN MH 'AGANAKTEIN, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI, 'EPI TOUTWI


<P 36A>
TW*I GEGONOTI, "OTI4 MOU KATEYHFISASQE, 'A=LLA TE MOI POLLA
SUMBALLETAI, KAI 'OUK 'ANELPISTON MOI GEGONEN0 TO GEGONO$
TOUTO, 'ALLA= POLU MALLON QAUMAZW0 "EKATERWN TWN YHFWN
TON GEGONOTA 'ARIQMON. 'OU-GAR 'WIOMHN 'EGWGE "OUTW PAR'
'OLIGON 'ESESQAI 'ALLA= PARA POLU; NU*N DE, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'EI
TRIAKONTA MONAI METEPESON TWN YHFWN, 'APEPEFEUGH 'AN4.
MELHTON MEN-'OUN, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKW0, KAI NU*N 'APOPEFEUGA, KAI
'OU MONON 'APOPEFEUGA, 'ALLA= PANTI DHLON TOUTO GE, "OTI4 'EI MH
'ANEBH 'ANUTO$ KAI LUKWN KATHGORHSONTE$ 'EMOU4, 'KAN4 'WFLE
<P 36B>
CILIA$ DRACMA$, 'OU METALABWN TO PENPTON MERO$ TWN
YHFWN.
TIMATAI0 D'-'OUN MOI "O 'ANHR QANATOU. 'EIEN; 'EGW DE-DH
TI=NO$ "UMIN 'ANTITIMHSOMAI, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI: 'H= DHLON "OTI4
TH$ 'AXIA$: TI= 'OUN: TI= 'AXIO$ 'EIMI PAQEIN 'H= 'APOTEISAI0, "OTI-MAQWN
'EN TW*I BIWI 'OUC "HSUCIAN 'HGON, 'ALL' 'AMELHSA$ "WNPER
"OI POLLOI, CRHMATISMOU TE-KAI 'OIKONOMIA$ KAI STRATHGIWN
KAI DHMHGORIWN KAI TWN 'ALLWN 'ARCWN KAI SUNWMOSIWN KAI
STASEWN TWN 'EN THI POLEI GIGNOMENWN, "HGHSAMENO$ 'EMAUTON
<P 36C>
TW*I-'ONTI 'EPIEIKESTERON 'EINAI 'H= "WSTE 'EI$ TAUT' 'IONTA SWIZESQAI,
'ENTAUQA MEN 'OUK 'HIA "OI*4 'ELQWN MHTE "UMIN MHTE 'EMAUTWI 'EMELLON
MHDEN 'OFELO$ 'EINAI, 'EPI DE TO 'IDIA\ "EKASTON 'IWN 'EUERGETEIN
THN MEGISTHN 'EUERGESIAN, "W$ 'EGW FHMI, 'ENTAUQA 'HIA,
'EPICEIRWN "EKASTON "UMWN PEIQEIN MH PROTERON MHTE TWN
"EAUTOU MHDENO$ 'EPIMELEISQAI PRIN "EAUTOU 'EPIMELHQEIH "OPW$
"W$ BELTISTO$ KAI FRONIMWTATO$ 'ESOITO, MHTE TWN TH$ POLEW$,
PRIN 'AUTH$ TH$ POLEW$, TWN TE 'ALLWN "OUTW KATA TON
<P 36D>
'AUTON TROPON 'EPIMELEISQAI % TI= 'OUN 'EIMI 'AXIO$ PAQEIN TOIOUTO$
'WN: 'AGAQON TI, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI, 'EI DEI GE KATA THN
'AXIAN THI 'ALHQEIA\ TIMASQAI; KAI TAUTA GE 'AGAQON TOIOUTON
"OTI2 'AN4 PREPOI 'EMOI4. TI= 'OUN PREPEI0 'ANDRI PENHTI 'EUERGETHI
DEOMENWI 'AGEIN SCOLHN 'EPI THI "UMETERA\ PARAKELEUSEI: 'OUK
'ESQ' "OTI2 MALLON, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI, PREPEI0 "OUTW$ "W$ TON
TOIOUTON 'ANDRA 'EN PRUTANEIWI SITEISQAI, POLU GE MALLON 'H=
'EI TI$ "UMWN "IPPWI 'H= SUNWRIDI 'H= ZEUGEI NENIKHKEN0 'OLUMPIASIN;
"O MEN-GAR "UMA$ POIEI0 'EUDAIMONA$ DOKEIN 'EINAI, 'EGW DE
<P 36E>
'EINAI, KAI "O MEN TROFH$ 'OUDEN DEITAI, 'EGW DE DEOMAI. 'EI
'OUN DEI ME KATA TO DIKAION TH$ 'AXIA$ TIMASQAI, TOUTOU


<P 37A>
TIMWMAI0, 'EN PRUTANEIWI SITHSEW$.
'ISW$ 'OUN "UMIN KAI TAUTI LEGWN PARAPLHSIW$ DOKW0 LEGEIN
"WSPER PERI= TOU* 'OIKTOU KAI TH$ 'ANTIBOLHSEW$, 'APAUQADIZOMENO$;
TO DE 'OUK 'ESTIN, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI, TOIOUTON 'ALLA=
TOIONDE MALLON. PEPEISMAI 'EGW "EKWN 'EINAI MHDENA 'ADIKEIN
'ANQRWPWN, 'ALLA= "UMA$ TOUTO 'OU PEIQW0. 'OLIGON GAR CRONON
'ALLHLOI$ DIEILEGMEQA. 'EPEI, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, 'EI 'H*N "UMIN NOMO$,
"WSPER KAI 'ALLOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$, PERI= QANATOU MH MIAN "HMERAN
<P 37B>
MONON KRINEIN0 'ALLA= POLLA$, 'EPEISQHTE 'AN4; NU*N D' 'OU "RA\DION
'EN CRONWI 'OLIGWI MEGALA$ DIABOLA$ 'APOLUESQAI. PEPEISMENO$
DH 'EGW MHDENA 'ADIKEIN POLLOU DEW0 'EMAUTON GE 'ADIKHSEIN
KAI KAT' 'EMAUTOU 'EREIN2 'AUTO$ "W$ 'AXIO$ 'EIMI TOU KAKOU KAI
TIMHSESQAI TOIOUTOU TINO$ 'EMAUTWI. TI= DEISA$: 'H* MH PAQW
TOUTO "OU MELHTO$ MOI TIMATAI0, "O= FHMI 'OUK 'EIDENAI 'OUT' 'EI
'AGAQON 'OUT' 'EI KAKON 'ESTIN: 'ANTI TOUTOU DH "ELWMAI "WN 'EU
'OIDA TI KAKWN 'ONTWN0 TOUTOU TIMHSAMENO$: POTERON DESMOU:
<P 37C>
KAI TI= ME DEI ZHN 'EN DESMWTHRIWI, DOULEUONTA THI 'AEI KAQISTAMENHI
'ARCHI, TOI$ "ENDEKA: 'ALLA= CRHMATWN KAI DEDESQAI
"EW$ 'AN4 'EKTEISW4: 'ALLA= 'TAUTON MOI 'ESTIN "OPER NUNDH 'ELEGON;
'OU-GAR 'ESTI MOI CRHMATA "OPOQEN 'EKTEISW2. 'ALLA=-DH FUGH$
TIMHSWMAI: 'ISW$ GAR 'AN4 MOI TOUTOU TIMHSAITE. POLLH
'MENTAN ME FILOYUCIA 'ECOI, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI, 'EI "OUTW$
'ALOGISTO$ 'EIMI "WSTE MH DUNASQAI LOGIZESQAI "OTI4 "UMEI$ MEN
'ONTE$ POLITAI MOU 'OUC "OIOI-TE-'EGENESQE 'ENEGKEIN TA$ 'EMA$
<P 37D>
DIATRIBA$ KAI TOU$ LOGOU$, 'ALL' "UMIN BARUTERAI GEGONASIN
KAI 'EPIFQONWTERAI, "WSTE ZHTEITE0 'AUTWN NUNI 'APALLAGHNAI;
'ALLOI DE-'A=RA 'AUTA$ 'OISOUSI2 "RA\DIW$: POLLOU GE DEI, 'W* 'ANDRE$
'AQHNAIOI. KALO$ 'OUN 'AN4 MOI "O BIO$ 'EIH 'EXELQONTI THLIKWIDE
'ANQRWPWI 'ALLHN 'EX 'ALLH$ POLEW$ 'AMEIBOMENWI KAI 'EXELAUNOMENWI
ZHN. 'EU GAR 'OID' "OTI4 "OPOI 'AN4 'ELQW, LEGONTO$ 'EMOU4
'AKROASONTAI "OI NEOI "WSPER 'ENQADE; 'KAN2 MEN TOUTOU$ 'APELAUNW3,
"OUTOI ME 'AUTOI 'EXELWSI2 PEIQONTE$ TOU$ PRESBUTEROU$;
<P 37E>
'EA=N DE MH 'APELAUNW3, "OI TOUTWN PATERE$ DE-KAI 'OIKEIOI DI'
'AUTOU$ TOUTOU$.
'ISW$ 'OUN 'AN4 TI$ 'EIPOI; SIGWN DE-KAI "HSUCIAN 'AGWN, 'W*
SWKRATE$, 'OUC "OIO$-T'-'ESHI "HMIN 'EXELQWN ZHN: TOUTI DH
'ESTI PANTWN CALEPWTATON PEISAI0 TINA$ "UMWN. 'EANTE-GAR
LEGW3 "OTI4 TW*I QEWI 'APEIQEIN TOUT' 'ESTIN KAI DIA= TOUT' 'ADUNATON


<P 38A>
"HSUCIAN 'AGEIN, 'OU PEISESQE MOI "W$ 'EIRWNEUOMENWI; 'EANT'
'AU LEGW3 "OTI4 KAI TUGCANEI0 MEGISTON 'AGAQON 'ON 'ANQRWPWI
TOUTO, "EKASTH$ "HMERA$ PERI= 'ARETH$ TOU$ LOGOU$ POIEISQAI
KAI TWN 'ALLWN PERI= "WN "UMEI$ 'EMOU4 'AKOUETE0 DIALEGOMENOU KAI
'EMAUTON KAI 'ALLOU$ 'EXETAZONTO$, "O DE 'ANEXETASTO$ BIO$ 'OU
BIWTO$ 'ANQRWPWI, TAUTA D' 'ETI "HTTON PEISESQE MOI LEGONTI.
TA DE 'ECEI0 MEN "OUTW$, "W$ 'EGW FHMI, 'W* 'ANDRE$, PEIQEIN DE 'OU
"RA\DION. KAI 'EGW "AMA 'OUK 'EIQISMAI 'EMAUTON 'AXIOUN0 KAKOU
<P 38B>
'OUDENO$. 'EI MEN-GAR 'H*N MOI CRHMATA, 'ETIMHSAMHN 'AN4 CRHMATWN
"OSA 'EMELLON 'EKTEISEIN, 'OUDEN-GAR 'AN4 'EBLABHN; NU*N
DE-'OU-GAR 'ESTIN, 'EI MH 'A=RA "OSON 'AN4 'EGW DUNAIMHN 'EKTEISAI0,
TOSOUTOU BOULESQE0 MOI TIMHSAI0. 'ISW$ D' 'AN4 DUNAIMHN 'EKTEISAI0
"UMIN POU MNAN 'ARGURIOU; TOSOUTOU 'OUN TIMWMAI0.
PLATWN DE "ODE, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI, KAI KRITWN KAI
KRITOBOULO$ KAI 'APOLLODWRO$ KELEUOUSI0 ME TRIAKONTA MNWN
TIMHSASQAI, 'AUTOI D' 'EGGUASQAI; TIMWMAI0 'OUN TOSOUTOU,
'EGGUHTAI DE "UMIN 'ESONTAI TOU* 'ARGURIOU "OUTOI 'AXIOCREWI.
<P 38C>
'OU POLLOU G' "ENEKA CRONOU, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI, 'ONOMA
"EXETE KAI 'AITIAN "UPO TWN BOULOMENWN THN POLIN LOIDOREIN
"W$ SWKRATH 'APEKTONATE, 'ANDRA SOFON % FHSOUSI GAR-DH
SOFON 'EINAI, 'EI KAI MH 'EIMI, "OI BOULOMENOI "UMIN 'ONEIDIZEIN %
'EI GOUN PERIEMEINATE 'OLIGON CRONON, 'APO TOU* 'AUTOMATOU 'AN4
"UMIN TOUTO 'EGENETO; "ORATE0 GAR-DH THN "HLIKIAN "OTI4 PORRW
'HDH 'ESTI TOU* BIOU QANATOU DE 'EGGU$. LEGW0 DE TOUTO 'OU
<P 38D>
PRO$ PANTA$ "UMA$, 'ALLA= PRO$ TOU$ 'EMOU4 KATAYHFISAMENOU$
QANATON. LEGW0 DE-KAI TODE PRO$ TOU$ 'AUTOU$
TOUTOU$. 'ISW$ ME 'OIESQE0, 'W* 'ANDRE$ 'AQHNAIOI, 'APORIA\ LOGWN
"EALWKENAI TOIOUTWN "OI$ 'AN4 "UMA$ 'EPEISA, 'EI 'WIMHN DEIN
"APANTA POIEIN KAI LEGEIN "WSTE 'APOFUGEIN THN DIKHN.
POLLOU GE DEI. 'ALL' 'APORIA\ MEN "EALWKA, 'OU-MENTOI LOGWN,
'ALLA= TOLMH$ KAI 'ANAISCUNTIA$ KAI TOU* MH 'EQELEIN LEGEIN
PRO$ "UMA$ TOIAUTA "OI*' 'AN4 "UMIN MEN "HDISTA 'H*N 'AKOUEIN %
QRHNOUNTO$ TE MOU KAI 'ODUROMENOU KAI 'A=LLA POIOUNTO$ KAI
<P 38E>
LEGONTO$ POLLA KAI 'ANA=XIA 'EMOU4, "W$ 'EGW FHMI, "OI*A DH-KAI
'EIQISQE "UMEI$ TWN 'ALLWN 'AKOUEIN. 'ALL'-'OUTE TO=TE 'WIHQHN
DEIN "ENEKA TOU* KINDUNOU PRAXAI0 'OUDEN 'ANELEUQERON, 'OUTE NU*N
MOI METAMELEI "OUTW$ 'APOLOGHSAMENWI, 'ALLA= POLU MALLON
"AIROUMAI "WDE 'APOLOGHSAMENO$ TEQNANAI 'H= 'EKEINW$ ZHN. 'OUTE-GAR
'EN DIKHI 'OUT' 'EN POLEMWI 'OUT' 'EME 'OUT' 'ALLON 'OUDENA DEI


<P 39A>
TOUTO MHCANASQAI, "OPW$ 'APOFEUXETAI PAN POIW*N QANATON.
KAI-GAR 'EN TAI$ MACAI$ POLLAKI$ DHLON GIGNETAI "OTI4 TO GE
'APOQANEIN 'AN4 TI$ 'EKFUGOI KAI "OPLA 'AFEI$ KAI 'EF' "IKETEIAN
TRAPOMENO$ TWN DIWKONTWN0. KAI 'ALLAI MHCANAI POLLAI 'EISIN
'EN "EKASTOI$ TOI$ KINDUNOI$ "WSTE DIAFEUGEIN QANATON, 'EA=N TI$
TOLMA\2 PAN POIEIN KAI LEGEIN. 'ALLA= MH 'OU TOUT' 'H*I CALEPON,
'W* 'ANDRE$, QANATON 'EKFUGEIN, 'ALLA= POLU CALEPWTERON PONHRIAN;
<P 39B>
QATTON GAR QANATOU QEI0. KAI NU*N 'EGW MEN "ATE BRADU$
'WN KAI PRESBUTH$ "UPO TOU* BRADUTEROU "EALWN, "OI D' 'EMOI2
KATHGOROI "ATE DEINOI KAI 'OXEI$ 'ONTE$ "UPO TOU* QATTONO$, TH$
KAKIA$. KAI NU*N 'EGW MEN 'APEIMI "UF' "UMWN QANATOU DIKHN
'OFLWN, "OUTOI D' "UPO TH$ 'ALHQEIA$ 'WFLHKOTE$ MOCQHRIAN
KAI 'ADIKIAN. KAI 'EGW TE TW*I TIMHMATI 'EMMENW0 KAI "OUTOI.
TAUTA MEN-POU 'ISW$ "OUTW$ KAI 'EDEI SCEIN, KAI 'OIMAI 'AUTA
METRIW$ 'ECEIN.
<P 39C>
TO DE-DH META TOUTO 'EPIQUMW0 "UMIN CRHSMWIDHSAI0, 'W* KATAYHFISAMENOI
MOU; KAI-GAR 'EIMI 'HDH 'ENTAUQA 'EN "WI MALISTA
'ANQRWPOI CRHSMWIDOUSIN0, "OTAN MELLWSIN 'APOQANEISQAI. FHMI
GAR, 'W* 'ANDRE$ "OI= 'EME 'APEKTONATE, TIMWRIAN "UMIN "HXEIN 'EUQU$
META TON 'EMON QANATON POLU CALEPWTERAN NH DI=A 'H= "OIAN
'EME 'APEKTONATE; NU*N GAR TOUTO 'EIRGASQE 'OIOMENOI MEN 'APALLAXESQAI
TOU* DIDONAI 'ELEGCON TOU* BIOU, TO DE "UMIN POLU
'ENANTION 'APOBHSETAI, "W$ 'EGW FHMI. PLEIOU$ 'ESONTAI "UMA$
<P 39D>
"OI 'ELEGCONTE$, "OU$ NU*N 'EGW KATEICON, "UMEI$ DE 'OUK 'HISQANESQE;
KAI CALEPWTEROI 'ESONTAI "OSWI NEWTEROI 'EISIN, KAI
"UMEI$ MALLON 'AGANAKTHSETE. 'EI GAR 'OIESQE0 'APOKTEINONTE$
'ANQRWPOU$ 'EPISCHSEIN TOU* 'ONEIDIZEIN TINA "UMIN "OTI4 'OUK
'ORQW$ ZHTE0, 'OU KALW$ DIANOEISQE0; 'OU-GAR 'ESQ' "AU=TH "H 'APALLAGH
'OUTE PANU DUNATH 'OUTE KALH, 'ALL' 'EKEINH KAI KALLISTH
KAI "RA\STH MH TOU$ 'ALLOU$ KOLOUEIN 'ALL' "EAUTON PARASKEUAZEIN
"OPW$ 'ESTAI "W$ BELTISTO$. TAUTA MEN-'OUN "UMIN TOI$
KATAYHFISAMENOI$ MANTEUSAMENO$ 'APALLATTOMAI.
<P 39E>
TOI$ DE 'APOYHFISAMENOI$ "HDEW$ 'AN4 DIALECQEIHN "UPER TOU*
GEGONOTO$ TOUTOUI PRAGMATO$, 'EN "WI "OI 'ARCONTE$ 'ASCOLIAN
'AGOUSI0 KAI 'OUPW 'ERCOMAI "OI*4 'ELQONTA ME DEI TEQNANAI. 'ALLA=
MOI, 'W* 'ANDRE$, PARAMEINATE TOSOUTON CRONON; 'OUDEN GAR
KWLUEI0 DIAMUQOLOGHSAI0 PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ "EW$ 'EXESTIN. "UMIN


<P 40A>
GAR "W$ FILOI$ 'OUSIN 'EPIDEIXAI0 'EQELW0 TO NUNI MOI SUMBEBHKO$
TI= POTE NOEI0. 'EMOI4 GAR, 'W* 'ANDRE$ DIKASTAI % "UMA$ GAR
DIKASTA$ KALWN0 'ORQW$ 'AN4 KALOIHN % QAUMASION TI GEGONEN0.
"H GAR 'EIWQUIA MOI MANTIKH "H TOU* DAIMONIOU 'EN MEN TW*I
PROSQEN CRONWI PANTI PANU PUKNH 'AEI 'H*N KAI PANU 'EPI
SMIKROI$ 'ENANTIOUMENH, 'EI TI MELLOIMI MH 'ORQW$ PRAXEIN.
NUNI DE SUMBEBHKE0 MOI "APER "ORATE0 KAI 'AUTOI, TAUTI "A GE-DH
'OIHQEIH 'AN4 TI$ KAI NOMIZETAI 'ESCATA KAKWN 'EINAI; 'EMOI4 DE
<P 40B>
'OUTE 'EXIONTI "EWQEN 'OIKOQEN 'HNANTIWQH TO TOU* QEOU SHMEION,
'OUTE "HNIKA 'ANEBAINON 'ENTAUQOI 'EPI TO DIKASTHRION, 'OUTE 'EN
TW*I LOGWI 'OUDAMOU MELLONTI TI 'EREIN2. KAITOI 'EN 'ALLOI$ LOGOI$
POLLACOU DH ME 'EPESCE LEGONTA METAXU; NU*N DE 'OUDAMOU
PERI= TAUTHN THN PRAXIN 'OUT' 'EN 'ERGWI 'OUDENI 'OUT' 'EN LOGWI
'HNANTIWTAI MOI. TI= 'OUN 'AITION 'EINAI "UPOLAMBANW0: 'EGW
"UMIN 'ERW2; KINDUNEUEI0 GAR MOI TO SUMBEBHKO$ TOUTO 'AGAQON
GEGONENAI, KAI 'OUK 'ESQ' "OPW$ "HMEI$ 'ORQW$ "UPOLAMBANOMEN,
<P 40C>
"OSOI 'OIOMEQA KAKON 'EINAI TO TEQNANAI. MEGA MOI TEKMHRION
TOUTOU GEGONEN0. 'OU-GAR 'ESQ' "OPW$ 'OUK 'HNANTIWQH 'AN4 MOI TO
'EIWQO$ SHMEION, 'EI MH TI 'EMELLON 'EGW 'AGAQON PRAXEIN.
'ENNOHSWMEN DE-KAI THIDE "W$ POLLH 'ELPI$ 'ESTIN 'AGAQON
'AUTO 'EINAI. DUOIN GAR QATERON 'ESTIN TO TEQNANAI; 'H= GAR
"OION MHDEN 'EINAI MHDE 'AISQHSIN MHDEMIAN MHDENO$ 'ECEIN TON
TEQNEWTA, 'H= KATA TA LEGOMENA METABOLH TI$ TUGCANEI0
'OUSA KAI METOIKHSI$ THI YUCHI TOU* TOPOU TOU* 'ENQENDE 'EI$
'ALLON TOPON. KAI 'EITE DH MHDEMIA 'AISQHSI$ 'ESTIN 'ALL'
<P 40D>
"OION "UPNO$ 'EPEIDAN TI$ KAQEUDWN MHD' 'ONAR MHDEN "ORA*I2 QAUMASION
KERDO$ 'AN4 'EIH "O QANATO$ % 'EGW GAR 'AN4 'OIMAI, 'EI TINA
'EKLEXAMENON DEOI TAUTHN THN NUKTA 'EN "H*I "OUTW KATEDARQEN
"WSTE MHDE 'ONAR 'IDEIN, KAI TA$ 'ALLA$ NUKTA$ TE-KAI "HMERA$
TA$ TOU* BIOU TOU* "EAUTOU 'ANTIPARAQENTA TAUTHI THI NUKTI DEOI
SKEYAMENON 'EIPEIN POSA$ 'AMEINON KAI "HDION "HMERA$ KAI
NUKTA$ TAUTH$ TH$ NUKTO$ BEBIWKEN0 'EN TW*I "EAUTOU BIWI, 'OIMAI
'AN4 MH-"OTI 'IDIWTHN TINA, 'ALLA= TON MEGAN BASILEA 'EUARIQMHTOU$
<P 40E>
'AN4 "EUREIN 'AUTON TAUTA$ PRO$ TA$ 'ALLA$ "HMERA$ KAI
NUKTA$ % 'EI 'OUN TOIOUTON "O QANATO$ 'ESTIN, KERDO$ 'EGWGE
LEGW0. KAI-GAR 'OUDEN PLEIWN "O PA$ CRONO$ FAINETAI "OUTW
DH 'EINAI 'H= MIA NUX. 'EI D' 'AU "OION 'APODHMHSAI0 'ESTIN "O
QANATO$ 'ENQENDE 'EI$ 'ALLON TOPON, KAI 'ALHQH 'ESTIN TA
LEGOMENA, "W$ 'A=RA 'EKEI 'EISI PANTE$ "OI TEQNEWTE$, TI= MEIZON
'AGAQON TOUTOU 'EIH 'AN4, 'W* 'ANDRE$ DIKASTAI: 'EI GAR TI$


<P 41A>
'AFIKOMENO$ 'EI$ "AIDOU, 'APALLAGEI$ TOUTWNI TWN FASKONTWN0
DIKASTWN 'EINAI, "EURHSEI2 TOU$ "W$ 'ALHQW$ DIKASTA$, "OIPER
KAI LEGONTAI 'EKEI DIKAZEIN, MINW$ TE-KAI "RADAMANQU$ KAI
'AIAKO$ KAI TRIPTOLEMO$ KAI 'ALLOI "OSOI TWN "HMIQEWN DIKAIOI
'EGENONTO 'EN TW*I "EAUTWN BIWI, 'A*RA FAULH 'AN4 'EIH "H 'APODHMIA:
'H= 'AU 'ORFEI SUGGENESQAI KAI MOUSAIWI KAI "HSIODWI KAI
"OMHRWI 'EPI PO=SWI 'AN4 TI$ DEXAIT' 'AN4 "UMWN: 'EGW MEN-GAR
POLLAKI$ 'EQELW0 TEQNANAI 'EI TAUT' 'ESTIN 'ALHQH. 'EPEI
<P 41B>
'EMOIGE KAI 'AUTWI QAUMASTH 'AN4 'EIH "H DIATRIBH 'AUTOQI, "OPOTE
'ENTUCOIMI PALAMHDEI KAI 'AIANTI TW*I TELAMWNO$ KAI 'EI TI$
'ALLO$ TWN PALAIWN DIA= KRISIN 'ADIKON TEQNHKEN0, 'ANTIPARABALLONTI
TA 'EMAUTOU PAQH PRO$ TA 'EKEINWN % "W$ 'EGW 'OIMAI,
'OUK 'AN4 'AHDE$ 'EIH % KAI-DH TO MEGISTON, TOU$ 'EKEI 'EXETAZONTA
KAI 'EREUNWNTA "WSPER TOU$ 'ENTAUQA DIAGEIN, TI=$ 'AUTWN SOFO$
'ESTIN KAI TI=$ 'OIETAI MEN, 'ESTIN D' 'OU=. 'EPI PO=SWI D' 'AN4 TI$,
'W* 'ANDRE$ DIKASTAI, DEXAITO 'EXETASAI0 TON 'EPI TROIAN 'AGAGONTA
<P 41C>
THN POLLHN STRATIAN 'H= 'ODUSSEA 'H= SISUFON 'H= 'ALLOU$
MURIOU$ 'AN4 TI$ 'EIPOI KAI 'ANDRA$ KAI GUNAIKA$, "OI$ 'EKEI
DIALEGESQAI KAI SUNEINAI KAI 'EXETAZEIN 'AMHCANON 'AN4 'EIH
'EUDAIMONIA$: PANTW$ 'OU DHPOU TOUTOU GE "ENEKA "OI 'EKEI
'APOKTEINOUSI0; TA TE-GAR 'A=LLA 'EUDAIMONESTEROI 'EISIN "OI 'EKEI
TWN 'ENQADE, KAI 'HDH TON LOIPON CRONON 'AQANATOI 'EISIN, 'EIPER
GE TA LEGOMENA 'ALHQH.
'ALLA=-KAI "UMA$ CRH, 'W* 'ANDRE$ DIKASTAI, 'EUELPIDA$ 'EINAI
PRO$ TON QANATON, KAI "EN TI TOUTO DIANOEISQAI 'ALHQE$, "OTI4
<P 41D>
'OUK 'ESTIN 'ANDRI 'AGAQWI KAKON 'OUDEN 'OUTE ZWNTI 'OUTE TELEUTHSANTI,
'OUDE 'AMELEITAI "UPO QEWN TA TOUTOU PRAGMATA;
'OUDE TA 'EMA NU*N 'APO TOU* 'AUTOMATOU GEGONEN0, 'ALLA= MOI
DHLON 'ESTI TOUTO, "OTI4 'HDH TEQNANAI KAI 'APHLLACQAI PRAGMATWN
BELTION 'H*N MOI. DIA= TOUTO KAI 'EME 'OUDAMOU 'APETREYEN
TO SHMEION, KAI 'EGWGE TOI$ KATAYHFISAMENOI$ MOU KAI TOI$
KATHGOROI$ 'OU PANU CALEPAINW0. KAITOI 'OU TAUTHI THI DIANOIA\
KATEYHFIZONTO MOU KAI KATHGOROUN, 'ALL' 'OIOMENOI BLAPTEIN;
<P 41E>
TOUTO 'AUTOI$ 'AXION MEMFESQAI. TOSONDE MENTOI 'AUTWN
DEOMAI; TOU$ "UEI$ MOU, 'EPEIDAN "HBHSWSI, TIMWRHSASQE, 'W*
'ANDRE$, 'TAUTA TAUTA LUPOUNTE$ "APER 'EGW "UMA$ 'ELUPOUN, 'EA=N
"UMIN DOKWSIN 'H= CRHMATWN 'H= 'ALLOU TOU PROTERON 'EPIMELEISQAI
'H= 'ARETH$, KAI 'EA=N DOKWSI TI 'EINAI MHDEN 'ONTE$,
'ONEIDIZETE3 'AUTOI$ "WSPER 'EGW "UMIN, "OTI4 'OUK 'EPIMELOUNTAI "WN
DEI, KAI 'OIONTAI TI 'EINAI 'ONTE$ 'OUDENO$ 'AXIOI. KAI 'EA=N


<P 42A>
TAUTA POIHTE, DI=KAIA PEPONQW$ 'EGW 'ESOMAI "UF' "UMWN 'AUTO$
TE-KAI "OI "UEI$. 'ALLA=-GAR 'HDH "WRA 'APIENAI, 'EMOI4 MEN
'APOQANOUMENWI "UMIN DE BIWSOMENOI$; "OPOTEROI DE "HMWN
'ERCONTAI 'EPI 'AMEINON PRAGMA, 'ADHLON PANTI PLHN 'H=
TW*I QEWI


<B CARM>


<P 153A>
"HKOMEN THI PROTERAIA\ "ESPERA$ 'EK POTEIDAIA$ 'APO TOU*
STRATOPEDOU, "OION DE DIA= CRONOU 'AFIGMENO$ "ASMENW$ 'HIA
'EPI TA$ SUNHQEI$ DIATRIBA$. KAI-DH-KAI 'EI$ THN TAUREOU
PALAISTRAN THN KATANTIKRU TOU* TH$ BASILH$ "IEROU 'EISHLQON,
KAI 'AUTOQI KATELABON PANU POLLOU$, TOU$ MEN-KAI
'AGNWTA$ 'EMOI4, TOU$ DE PLEISTOU$ GNWRIMOU$. KAI ME "W$
<P 153B>
'EIDON 'EISIONTA 'EX 'APROSDOKHTOU, 'EUQU$ PORRWQEN 'HSPAZONTO
'ALLO$ 'ALLOQEN; CAIREFWN DE, "ATE KAI MANIKO$ 'WN, 'ANAPHDHSA$
'EK MESWN 'EQEI PRO$ ME, KAI MOU LABOMENO$ TH$
CEIRO$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'H*-D'-"O$, PW*$ 'ESWQH$ 'EK TH$ MACH$:
'OLIGON DE PRIN "HMA$ 'APIENAI MACH 'EGEGONEI 'EN THI POTEIDAIA\
"HN 'ARTI 'HSAN "OI THIDE PEPUSMENOI.
KAI 'EGW PRO$ 'AUTON 'APOKRINOMENO$, "OUTWSI, 'EFHN, "W$
SU "ORA*I$0.
KAI-MHN 'HGGELTAI GE DEURO, 'EFH, "H TE MACH PANU 'ISCURA
<P 153C>
GEGONENAI KAI 'EN 'AUTHI POLLOU$ TWN GNWRIMWN TEQNANAI.
KAI 'EPIEIKW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ALHQH 'APHGGELTAI.
PAREGENOU MEN, 'H*-D'-"O$, THI MACHI:
PAREGENOMHN.
DEURO DH, 'EFH, KAQEZOMENO$ "HMIN DIHGHSAI; 'OU-GAR TI
PW PANTA SAFW$ PEPUSMEQA. KAI "AMA ME KAQIZEI0 'AGWN
PARA KRITIAN TON KALLAISCROU.
PARAKAQEZOMENO$ 'OUN 'HSPAZOMHN TON TE KRITIAN KAI TOU$
'ALLOU$, KAI DIHGOUMHN 'AUTOI$ TA 'APO STRATOPEDOU, "OTI2 ME
<P 153D>
TI$ 'ANEROITO; 'HRWTWN DE 'ALLO$ 'ALLO.
'EPEIDH DE TWN TOIOUTWN "ADHN 'EICOMEN, 'AUQI$ 'EGW 'AUTOU$
'ANHRWTWN TA THIDE, PERI= FILOSOFIA$ "OPW$ 'ECOI TA NU*N, PERI=
TE TWN NEWN, 'EI TINE$ 'EN 'AUTOI$ DIAFERONTE$ 'H= SOFIA\ 'H= KALLEI
'H= 'AMFOTEROI$ 'EGGEGONOTE$-'EIEN. KAI "O KRITIA$ 'APOBLEYA$


<P 154A>
PRO$ THN QURAN, 'IDWN TINA$ NEANISKOU$ 'EISIONTA$ KAI LOIDOROUMENOU$
'ALLHLOI$ KAI 'ALLON 'OCLON 'OPISQEN "EPOMENON,
PERI= MEN TWN KALWN, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'AUTIKA MOI DOKEI$
'EISESQAI; "OUTOI GAR TUGCANOUSIN0 "OI 'EISIONTE$ PRODROMOI TE-KAI
'ERASTAI 'ONTE$ TOU* DOKOUNTO$ KALLISTOU 'EINAI TA GE-DH
NU*N FAINETAI DE MOI KAI 'AUTO$ 'EGGU$ 'HDH POU 'EINAI PROSIWN.
'ESTIN DE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TI=$ TE-KAI TOU*2:
'OISQA POU SU GE, 'EFH, 'ALL' 'OUPW 'EN "HLIKIA\ 'H*N PRIN SE
<P 154B>
'APIENAI, CARMIDHN TON TOU* GLAUKWNO$ TOU* "HMETEROU QEIOU
"UON, 'EMON DE 'ANEYION.
'OIDA MENTOI NH DI=A 'H*N-D'-'EGW; 'OU-GAR TI FAULO$ 'OUDE
TO=TE 'H*N 'ETI PAI$ 'WN, NU*N D' 'OIMAI POU 'EU MALA 'AN4 'HDH
MEIRAKION 'EIH.
'AUTIKA, 'EFH, 'EISHI2 KAI "HLIKO$ KAI "OIO$ GEGONEN0. KAI "AMA
TAUT' 'AUTOU4 LEGONTO$ "O CARMIDH$ 'EISERCETAI.
'EMOI4 MEN-'OUN, 'W* "ETAIRE, 'OUDEN STAQMHTON; 'ATECNW$ GAR
LEUKH STAQMH 'EIMI PRO$ TOU$ KALOU$ % SCEDON GAR TI MOI
PANTE$ "OI 'EN THI "HLIKIA\ KALOI FAINONTAI % 'ATAR-'OUN-DH-KAI
<P 154C>
TO=TE 'EKEINO$ 'EMOI4 QAUMASTO$ 'EFANH TO TE MEGEQO$ KAI TO
KALLO$, "OI DE-DH 'ALLOI PANTE$ 'ERAN 'EMOIGE 'EDOKOUN 'AUTOU4 %
"OUTW$ 'EKPEPLHGMENOI TE-KAI TEQORUBHMENOI 'HSAN, "HNIK'
'EISHIEI % POLLOI DE-DH 'ALLOI 'ERASTAI KAI 'EN TOI$ 'OPISQEN
"EIPONTO. KAI TO MEN "HMETERON TO TWN 'ANDRWN "HTTON QAUMASTON
'H*N; 'ALL' 'EGW KAI TOI$ PAISI PROSESCON TON NOUN,
"W$ 'OUDEI$ 'ALLOS' 'EBLEPEN 'AUTWN, 'OUD' "OSTI$ SMIKROTATO$
'H*N 'ALLA= PANTE$ "WSPER 'AGALMA 'EQEWNTO 'AUTON. KAI "O
<P 154D>
CAIREFWN KALESA$ ME, TI= SOI4 FAINETAI "O NEANISKO$, 'EFH,
'W* SWKRATE$: 'OUK 'EUPROSWPO$:
"UPERFUW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
"OUTO$ MENTOI 'EFH, 'EI 'EQELOI 'APODUNAI0, DOXEI2 SOI4 'APROSWPO$
'EINAI; "OUTW$ TO 'EIDO$ PAGKALO$ 'ESTIN.
SUNEFASAN 'OUN-KAI "OI 'ALLOI 'TAUTA TAUTA TW*I CAIREFWNTI;
'KAGW, "HRAKLEI$, 'EFHN, "W$ 'AMACON LEGETE0 TON 'ANDRA, 'EI 'ETI
'AUTWI "EN DH MONON TUGCANEI0 PROSON SMIKRON TI.
TI=: 'EFH "O KRITIA$.
<P 154E>
'EI THN YUCHN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TUGCANEI0 'EU PEFUKW$. PREPEI0
DE-POU, 'W* KRITIA, TOIOUTON 'AUTON 'EINAI TH$ GE "UMETERA$ 'ONTA
'OIKIA$.
'ALL', 'EFH, PANU KALO$ KAI 'AGAQO$ 'ESTIN KAI TAUTA.
TI= 'OUN, 'EFHN, 'OUK 'APEDUSAMEN 'AUTOU4 'AUTO TOUTO KAI
'EQEASAMEQA PROTERON TOU* 'EIDOU$: PANTW$ GAR-POU THLIKOUTO$
'WN 'HDH 'EQELEI0 DIALEGESQAI.
KAI PANU GE, 'EFH "O KRITIA$, 'EPEI TOI-KAI 'ESTIN FILOSOFO$


<P 155A>
TE-KAI "W$ DOKEI0 'ALLOI$ TE-KAI "EAUTWI PANU POIHTIKO$.
TOUTO MEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* FILE KRITIA, PORRWQEN "UMIN TO
KALON "UPARCEI0 'APO TH$ SOLWNO$ SUGGENEIA$. 'ALLA= TI= 'OUK
'EPEDEIXA$ MOI TON NEANIAN KALESA$ DEURO: 'OUDE-GAR 'AN4 POU
'EI 'ETI 'ETUGCANE NEWTERO$ 'WN, 'AISCRON 'AN4 'H*N 'AUTWI DIALEGESQAI
"HMIN 'ENANTION GE SOU4, 'EPITROPOU TE "AMA KAI 'ANEYIOU
'ONTO$.
'ALLA= KALW$, 'EFH, LEGEI$, KAI KALOUMEN2 'AUTON. KAI
<P 155B>
"AMA PRO$ TON 'AKOLOUQON, PAI, 'EFH, KALEI5 CARMIDHN, 'EIPWN
"OTI4 BOULOMAI 'AUTON 'IATRWI SUSTHSAI0 PERI= TH$ 'ASQENEIA$ "H$
PRWIHN PRO$ ME 'ELEGEN "OTI4 'ASQENOI. PRO$ 'OUN 'EME "O KRITIA$,
'ENAGCO$ TOI 'EFH BARUNESQAI TI THN KEFALHN "EWQEN
'ANISTAMENO$; 'ALLA= TI= SE KWLUEI0 PROSPOIHSASQAI PRO$
'AUTON 'EPISTASQAI TI KEFALH$ FARMAKON:
'OUDEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; MONON 'ELQETW.
'ALL' "HXEI2, 'EFH.
"O= 'OUN-KAI 'EGENETO. "HKE GAR KAI 'EPOIHSE GELWTA
<P 155C>
POLUN; "EKASTO$ GAR "HMWN TWN KAQHMENWN SUGCWRWN TON
PLHSION 'EWQEI SPOUDHI, "INA PAR' "AUTWI KAQEZOITO, "EW$ TWN
'EP' 'ESCATWI KAQHMENWN TON MEN 'ANESTHSAMEN, TON DE PLAGION
KATEBALOMEN. "O D' 'ELQWN METAXU 'EMOU4 TE-KAI TOU* KRITIOU
'EKAQEZETO. 'ENTAUQA MENTOI, 'W* FILE, 'EGW 'HDH 'HPOROUN, KAI
MOU "H PROSQEN QRASUTH$ 'EXEKEKOPTO, "HN 'EICON 'EGW "W$ PANU
"RA\DIW$ 'AUTWI DIALEXOMENO$; 'EPEIDH DE, FRASANTO$ TOU* KRITIOU
"OTI4 'EGW 'EIHN "O TO FARMAKON 'EPISTAMENO$, 'ENEBLEYEN TE MOI
<P 155D>
TOI$ 'OFQALMOI$ 'AMHCANON TI "OION KAI 'ANHGETO "W$ 'ERWTHSWN,
KAI "OI 'EN THI PALAISTRA\ "APANTE$ PERIERREON "HMA$ KUKLWI
KOMIDHI, TO=TE DH, 'W* GENNADA, 'EIDON TE TA 'ENTO$ TOU* "IMATIOU
KAI 'EFLEGOMHN KAI 'OUKET' 'EN 'EMAUTOU 'H*N KAI 'ENOMISA SOFWTATON
'EINAI TON KUDIAN TA 'ERWTIKA, "O$ 'EI*PEN 'EPI KALOU
LEGWN PAIDO$, 'ALLWI "UPOTIQEMENO$, 'EULABEISQAI9 MH9 KATENANTA9
LEONTO$9 NEBRON9 'ELQONTA9 MOIRAN9 "AIREISQAI9
<P 155E>
KREWN9; 'AUTO$ GAR MOI 'EDOKOUN "UPO TOU* TOIOUTOU QREMMATO$
"EALWKENAI. "OMW$ DE 'AUTOU4 'ERWTHSANTO$ 'EI 'EPISTAIMHN TO TH$
KEFALH$ FARMAKON, MOGI$ PW$ 'APEKRINAMHN "OTI4 'EPISTAIMHN.
TI= 'OUN, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'ESTIN:
KAI 'EGW 'EIPON "OTI4 'AUTO MEN 'EIH FULLON TI, 'EPWIDH DE TI$
'EPI TW*I FARMAKWI 'EIH, "HN 'EI MEN TI$ 'EPA\DOI "AMA KAI CRWITO
'AUTWI, PANTAPASIN "UGIA POIOI* TO FARMAKON; 'ANEU DE TH$
'EPWIDH$ 'OUDEN 'OFELO$ 'EIH TOU* FULLOU.


<P 156A>
KAI "O$, 'APOGRAYOMAI TOINUN, 'EFH, PARA SOU4 THN
'EPWIDHN.
POTERON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EA=N ME PEIQHI$ 'H= KAN2 MH:
GELASA$ 'OUN, 'EA=N SE PEIQW3, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$.
'EIEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; KAI 'TOUNOMA MOU SU 'AKRIBOI$0:
'EI MH 'ADIKW0 GE, 'EFH; 'OU-GAR TI SOU4 'OLIGO$ LOGO$ 'ESTIN
'EN TOI$ "HMETEROI$ "HLIKIWTAI$, MEMNHMAI DE 'EGWGE KAI PAI$
'WN KRITIA\ TWIDE SUNONTA SE.
KALW$ GE SU, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, POIW*N; MALLON GAR SOI4 PARRHSIASOMAI
<P 156B>
PERI= TH$ 'EPWIDH$ "OI=A TUGCANEI0 'OUSA; 'ARTI D'
'HPOROUN TI=NI TROPWI SOI4 'ENDEIXAIMHN THN DUNAMIN 'AUTH$.
'ESTI GAR, 'W* CARMIDH, TOIAUTH "OI=A MH DUNASQAI THN
KEFALHN MONON "UGIA POIEIN, 'ALL' "WSPER 'ISW$ 'HDH KAI SU
'AKHKOA$ TWN 'AGAQWN 'IATRWN, 'EPEIDAN TI$ 'AUTOI$ PROSELQHI6
TOU$ 'OFQALMOU$ 'ALGWN, LEGOUSI0 POU "OTI4 'OUC "OION-TE
'AUTOU$ MONOU$ 'EPICEIREIN TOU$ 'OFQALMOU$ 'IASQAI, 'ALL'
'ANAGKAION 'EIH "AMA KAI THN KEFALHN QERAPEUEIN, 'EI MELLOI
<P 156C>
KAI TA TWN 'OMMATWN 'EU 'ECEIN; KAI 'AU TO THN KEFALHN
'OIESQAI 'AN4 POTE QERAPEUSAI0 'AUTHN 'EF' "EAUTH$ 'ANEU "OLOU
TOU* SWMATO$ POLLHN 'ANOIAN 'EINAI. 'EK DH TOUTOU TOU* LOGOU
DIAITAI$ 'EPI PAN TO SWMA TREPOMENOI META TOU* "OLOU TO
MERO$ 'EPICEIROUSIN0 QERAPEUEIN TE-KAI 'IASQAI; 'H= 'OUK 'HISQHSAI
"OTI4 TAUTA "OUTW$ LEGOUSIN0 TE-KAI 'ECEI0:
PANU GE, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N KALW$ SOI4 DOKEI0 LEGESQAI KAI 'APODECHI0 TON LOGON:
PANTWN MALISTA, 'EFH.
<P 156D>
'KAGW 'AKOUSA$ 'AUTOU4 'EPAINESANTO$ 'ANEQARRHSA TE KAI
MOI KATA SMIKRON PALIN "H QRASUTH$ SUNHGEIRETO, KAI 'ANEZWPUROUMHN.
KAI 'EIPON; TOIOUTON TOINUN 'ESTIN, 'W* CARMIDH, KAI
TO TAUTH$ TH$ 'EPWIDH$. 'EMAQON D' 'AUTHN 'EGW 'EKEI 'EPI STRATIA$
PARA TINO$ TWN QRA\KWN TWN ZALMOXIDO$ 'IATRWN, "OI= LEGONTAI
KAI 'APAQANATIZEIN. 'ELEGEN DE "O QRA\X "OUTO$ "OTI4 TAUTA MEN
'IATROI8 "OI "ELLHNE$ "A NUNDH 'EGW 'ELEGON, KALW$ LEGOIEN;
'ALLA= ZALMOXI$, 'EFH, LEGEI0 "O "HMETERO$ BASILEU$, QEO$ 'WN,
<P 156E>
"OTI4 "WSPER 'OFQALMOU$ 'ANEU KEFALH$ 'OU DEI 'EPICEIREIN 'IASQAI
'OUDE KEFALHN 'ANEU SWMATO$, "OUTW$ 'OUDE SWMA 'ANEU YUCH$,
'ALLA= TOUTO KAI 'AITION 'EIH TOU* DIAFEUGEIN TOU$ PARA TOI$
"ELLHSIN 'IATROU$ TA POLLA NOSHMATA, "OTI4 TOU* "OLOU 'AMELOIEN
"OU DEOI THN 'EPIMELEIAN POIEISQAI, "OU MH KALW$ 'ECONTO$ 'ADUNATON
'EIH TO MERO$ 'EU 'ECEIN. PANTA GAR 'EFH 'EK TH$ YUCH$
"WRMHSQAI KAI TA KAKA KAI TA 'AGAQA TW*I SWMATI KAI PANTI
TW*I 'ANQRWPWI, KAI 'EKEIQEN 'EPIRREIN "WSPER 'EK TH$ KEFALH$ 'EPI


<P 157A>
TA 'OMMATA; DEIN 'OUN 'EKEINO KAI PRWTON KAI MALISTA QERAPEUEIN,
'EI MELLEI0 KAI TA TH$ KEFALH$ KAI TA TOU* 'ALLOU
SWMATO$ KALW$ 'ECEIN. QERAPEUESQAI DE THN YUCHN 'EFH, 'W*
MAKARIE, 'EPWIDAI$ TISIN, TA$ D' 'EPWIDA$ TAUTA$ TOU$ LOGOU$
'EINAI TOU$ KALOU$; 'EK DE TWN TOIOUTWN LOGWN 'EN TAI$ YUCAI$
SWFROSUNHN 'EGGIGNESQAI, "H$ 'EGGENOMENH$ KAI PAROUSH$
"RA\DION 'HDH 'EINAI THN "UGIEIAN KAI THI KEFALHI KAI TW*I 'ALLWI
<P 157B>
SWMATI PORIZEIN. DIDASKWN 'OUN ME TO TE FARMAKON KAI TA$
'EPWIDA$, "OPW$, 'EFH, TW*I FARMAKWI TOUTWI MHDEI$ SE
PEISEI2 THN "AUTOU KEFALHN QERAPEUEIN, "O$ 'AN4 MH THN YUCHN
PRWTON PARASCHI6 THI 'EPWIDHI "UPO SOU4 QERAPEUQHNAI. KAI-GAR
NU*N, 'EFH, TOUT' 'ESTIN TO "AMARTHMA PERI= TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$,
"OTI4 CWRI$ "EKATEROU, SWFROSUNH$ TE-KAI "UGIEIA$, 'IATROI TINE$
'EPICEIROUSIN0 'EINAI; KAI MOI PANU SFODRA 'ENETELLETO MHTE
PLOUSION "OUTW MHDENA 'EINAI MHTE GENNAION MHTE KALON, "O$
<P 157C>
'EME PEISEI2 'ALLW$ POIEIN. 'EGW 'OUN % 'OMWMOKA GAR 'AUTWI
KAI MOI 'ANAGKH PEIQESQAI % PEISOMAI 'OUN, KAI SOI4, 'EA=N
MEN BOULHI3 KATA TA$ TOU* XENOU 'ENTOLA$ THN YUCHN PRWTON
PARASCEIN 'EPA&SAI0 TAI$ TOU* QRA\KO$ 'EPWIDAI$, PROSOISW TO
FARMAKON THI KEFALHI; 'EI DE MH, 'OUK 'AN4 'ECOIMEN "OTI2 POIOIMEN
SOI4, 'W* FILE CARMIDH.
'AKOUSA$ 'OUN MOU "O KRITIA$ TAUT' 'EIPONTO$, "ERMAION,
'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, GEGONO$ 'AN4 'EIH "H TH$ KEFALH$ 'ASQENEIA
TW*I NEANISKWI, 'EI 'ANAGKASQHSETAI KAI THN DIANOIAN DIA= THN
<P 157D>
KEFALHN BELTIWN GENESQAI. LEGW0 MENTOI SOI4 "OTI4 CARMIDH$
TWN "HLIKIWTWN 'OU MONON THI 'IDEA\ DOKEI0 DIAFEREIN, 'ALLA=-KAI
'AUTWI TOUTWI "OU SU FH=I$ THN 'EPWIDHN 'ECEIN; FH=I$ DE SWFROSUNH$;
'H*-GAR:
PANU GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
'EU TOINUN 'ISQI, 'EFH, "OTI4 PANU POLU DOKEI0 SWFRONESTATO$
'EINAI TWN NUNI, KAI 'TALLA PANTA, 'EI$ "OSON "HLIKIA$ "HKEI0,
'OUDENO$ CEIRWN 'WN.
KAI-GAR, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI DIKAION, 'W* CARMIDH, DIAFEREIN SE
<P 157E>
TWN 'ALLWN PASIN TOI$ TOIOUTOI$; 'OU-GAR 'OIMAI 'ALLON 'OUDENA
TWN 'ENQADE "RA\DIW$ 'AN4 'ECEIN 'EPIDEIXAI0 POI*AI DUO 'OIKIAI
SUNELQOUSAI 'EI$ 'TAUTON TWN 'AQHNHSIN 'EK TWN 'EIKOTWN
KALLIW 'AN4 KAI 'AMEINW GENNHSEIAN 'H= 'EX "WN SU GEGONA$. "H
TE-GAR PATRWIA "UMIN 'OIKIA, "H KRITIOU TOU* DRWPIDOU, KAI "UPO
'ANAKREONTO$ KAI "UPO SOLWNO$ KAI "UP' 'ALLWN POLLWN POIHTWN
'EGKEKWMIASMENH PARADEDOTAI "HMIN, "W$ DIAFEROUSA KALLEI TE-KAI


<P 158A>
'ARETHI KAI THI 'ALLHI LEGOMENHI 'EUDAIMONIA\, KAI 'AU "H PRO$
MHTRO$ "WSAUTW$; PURILAMPOU$ GAR TOU* SOU2 QEIOU 'OUDEI$ TWN
'EN THI 'HPEIRWI LEGETAI KALLIWN KAI MEIZWN 'ANHR DOXAI0 'EINAI,
"OSAKI$ 'EKEINO$ 'H= PARA MEGAN BASILEA 'H= PARA 'ALLON TINA
TWN 'EN THI 'HPEIRWI PRESBEUWN 'AFIKETO, SUMPASA DE "AU=TH "H
'OIKIA 'OUDEN TH$ "ETERA$ "UPODEESTE=RA. 'EK DH TOIOUTWN GEGONOTA
'EIKO$ SE 'EI$ PANTA PRWTON 'EINAI. TA MEN-'OUN "ORWMENA TH$
<P 158B>
'IDEA$, 'W* FILE PAI GLAUKWNO$, DOKEI$ MOI 'OUDENA TWN PRO
SOU4 'EN 'OUDENI "UPOBEBHKENAI; 'EI DE-DH-KAI PRO$ SWFROSUNHN
KAI PRO$ 'TALLA KATA TON TOUDE LOGON "IKANW$ PEFUKA$,
MAKARION SE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* FILE CARMIDH, "H MHTHR 'ETIKTEN.
'ECEI0 D'-'OUN "OUTW$. 'EI MEN SOI4 'HDH PARESTIN, "W$ LEGEI0
KRITIA$ "ODE, SWFROSUNH KAI 'EI* SWFRWN "IKANW$, 'OUDEN 'ETI
SOI4 'EDEI 'OUTE TWN ZALMOXIDO$ 'OUTE TWN 'ABARIDO$ TOU*
"UPERBOREOU 'EPWIDWN, 'ALL' 'AUTO SOI4 'AN4 'HDH DOTEON 'EIH TO
<P 158C>
TH$ KEFALH$ FARMAKON; 'EI D' 'ETI TOUTWN 'EPIDEH$ 'EINAI DOKEI$,
'EPA\STEON PRO TH$ TOU* FARMAKOU DOSEW$. 'AUTO$ 'OUN MOI
'EIPE= POTERON "OMOLOGEI$ TWIDE KAI FH=I$ "IKANW$ 'HDH SWFROSUNH$
METECEIN 'H= 'ENDEH$ 'EINAI:
'ANERUQRIASA$ 'OUN "O CARMIDH$ PRWTON MEN 'ETI KALLIWN
'EFANH % KAI-GAR TO 'AISCUNTHLON 'AUTOU4 THI "HLIKIA\ 'EPREYEN %
'EPEITA KAI 'OUK 'AGENNW$ 'APEKRINATO; 'EI*PEN GAR "OTI4 'OU "RA\DION
'EIH 'EN TW*I PARONTI 'OUQ' "OMOLOGEIN 'OUTE 'EXARNWI 'EINAI TA
<P 158D>
'ERWTWMENA. 'EA=N MEN-GAR, 'H*-D'-"O$, MH FW 'EINAI SWFRWN,
"AMA MEN 'ATOPON 'AUTON KAQ' "EAUTOU TOIAUTA LEGEIN, "AMA DE-KAI
KRITIAN TONDE YEUDH 'EPIDEIXW2 KAI 'ALLOU$ POLLOU$, "OI$
DOKW0 'EINAI SWFRWN, "W$ "O TOUTOU LOGO$; 'EA=N D' 'AU FW KAI
'EMAUTON 'EPAINW3, 'ISW$ 'EPACQE$ FANEITAI. "WSTE 'OUK 'ECW0 "OTI2
SOI4 'APOKRINWMAI.
KAI 'EGW 'EIPON "OTI4 MOI 'EIKOTA FAINHI0 LEGEIN, 'W* CARMIDH.
KAI MOI DOKEI0, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KOINHI 'AN4 'EIH SKEPTEON 'EITE KEKTHSAI
<P 158E>
'EITE MH "O= PUNQANOMAI, "INA MHTE SU 'ANAGKAZHI3 LEGEIN "A MH
BOULEI, MHT' 'AU 'EGW 'ASKEPTW$ 'EPI THN 'IATRIKHN TREPWMAI.
'EI 'OUN SOI4 FILON, 'EQELW0 SKOPEIN META SOU4; 'EI DE MH, 'EA*N.
'ALLA= PANTWN MALISTA, 'EFH, FILON; "WSTE TOUTOU GE
"ENEKA, "OPHI 'AUTO$ 'OIEI BELTION SKEYASQAI, TAUTHI SKOPEI5.
THIDE TOINUN, 'EFHN 'EGW, DOKEI0 MOI BELTISTH 'EINAI "H SKEYI$
PERI= 'AUTOU4.  DHLON GAR "OTI4 'EI SOI4 PARESTIN SWFROSUNH,


<P 159A>
'ECEI$ TI PERI= 'AUTH$ DOXAZEIN. 'ANAGKH GAR-POU 'ENOUSAN
'AUTHN 'EIPER 'ENESTIN, 'AISQHSIN TINA PARECEIN, 'EX "H$ DOXA 'AN4
TI$ SOI4 PERI= 'AUTH$ 'EIH "OTI2 'ESTIN KAI "OPOION TI "H SWFROSUNH;
'H= 'OUK 'OIEI:
'EGWGE, 'EFH, 'OIMAI.
'OUKOU*N TOUTO GE, 'EFHN, "O= 'OIEI, 'EPEIDHPER "ELLHNIZEIN
'EPISTASAI, 'KAN4 'EIPOI$ DHPOU 'AUTO "OTI2 SOI4 FAINETAI:
'ISW$, 'EFH.
"INA TOINUN TOPASWMEN 'EITE SOI4 'ENESTIN 'EITE MH, 'EIPE= 'H*N-D'-'EGW,
TI= FH=I$ 'EINAI SWFROSUNHN KATA THN SHN DOXAN.
<P 159B>
KAI "O$ TO MEN PRWTON 'WKNEI TE-KAI 'OU PANU 'HQELEN 'APOKRINASQAI;
'EPEITA MENTOI 'EI*PEN "OTI4 "OI*2 DOKOI SWFROSUNH 'EINAI
TO KOSMIW$ PANTA PRATTEIN KAI "HSUCHI, 'EN TE TAI$ "ODOI$
BADIZEIN KAI DIALEGESQAI, KAI TA 'A=LLA PANTA "WSAUTW$
POIEIN. KAI MOI DOKEI0, 'EFH, SULLHBDHN "HSUCIOTH$ TI$ 'EINAI
"O= 'ERWTA*I$0.
'A*R'-'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EU LEGEI$: FASI0 GE-TOI, 'W* CARMIDH,
TOU$ "HSUCIOU$ SWFRONA$ 'EINAI; 'IDWMEN DH 'EI TI LEGOUSIN0.
<P 159C>
'EIPE= GAR MOI, 'OU TWN KALWN MENTOI "H SWFROSUNH 'ESTIN:
PANU GE, 'EFH.
POTERON 'OUN KALLISTON 'EN GRAMMATISTOU TA "O=MOIA GRAMMATA
GRAFEIN TACU 'H= "HSUCHI:
TACU.
TI= D' 'ANAGIGNWSKEIN: TACEW$ 'H= BRADEW$:
TACEW$.
KAI-MEN-DH-KAI TO KIQARIZEIN TACEW$ KAI TO PALAIEIN
'OXEW$ POLU KALLION TOU* "HSUCHI TE-KAI BRADEW$:
NAI.
TI= DE PUKTEUEIN TE-KAI PAGKRATIAZEIN: 'OUC "WSAUTW$:
PANU GE.
QEIN DE-KAI "ALLESQAI KAI TA TOU* SWMATO$ "APANTA 'ERGA,
<P 159D>
'OU TA MEN 'OXEW$ KAI TACU GIGNOMENA TA TOU* KALOU 'ESTIN, TA
DE BRADEA8 MOGI$ TE-KAI "HSUCHI TA TOU* 'AISCROU:
FAINETAI.
FAINETAI 'A=RA "HMIN, 'EFHN 'EGW, KATA GE TO SWMA 'OU TO
"HSUCION, 'ALLA= TO TACISTON KAI 'OXUTATON KALLISTON 'ON.
'H*-GAR:
PANU GE.
"H DE-GE SWFROSUNH KALON TI 'H*N:
NAI.
'OU-TOINUN KATA GE TO SWMA "H "HSUCIOTH$ 'AN4 'ALL' "H
TACUTH$ SWFRONESTERON 'EIH, 'EPEIDH KALON "H SWFROSUNH.
'EOIKEN0, 'EFH.
<P 159E>
TI= DE: 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EUMAQIA KALLION 'H= DUSMAQIA:
'EUMAQIA.
'ESTIN DE-G', 'EFHN, "H MEN 'EUMAQIA TACEW$ MANQANEIN, "H
DE DUSMAQIA "HSUCHI KAI BRADEW$:
NAI.
DIDASKEIN DE 'ALLON 'OU TACEW$ KAI8 KALLION KAI SFODRA
MALLON 'H= "HSUCHI TE-KAI BRADEW$:
NAI.
TI= DE: 'ANAMIMNHISKESQAI KAI MEMNHSQAI "HSUCHI TE-KAI
BRADEW$ KALLION 'H= SFODRA KAI TACEW$:
SFODR' 'EFH, KAI TACEW$.


<P 160A>
"H D' 'AGCINOIA 'OUCI 'OXUTH$ TI$ 'ESTIN TH$ YUCH$ 'ALL' 'OUCI
"HSUCIA:
'ALHQH.
'OUKOU*N KAI TO SUNIENAI TA LEGOMENA, KAI 'EN GRAMMATISTOU
KAI KIQARISTOU KAI 'ALLOQI PANTACOU, 'OUC "W$ "HSUCAITATA 'ALL'
"W$ TACISTA 'ESTI KALLISTA:
NAI.
'ALLA=-MHN 'EN GE TAI$ ZHTHSESIN TH$ YUCH$ KAI TW*I
BOULEUESQAI 'OUC "O "HSUCIWTATO$, "W$ 'EGW 'OIMAI, KAI MOGI$
BOULEUOMENO$ TE-KAI 'ANEURISKWN 'EPAINOU DOKEI0 'AXIO$ 'EINAI,
<P 160B>
'ALL' "O "RA\STA TE-KAI TACISTA TOUTO DRWN.
'ESTIN TAUTA, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N PANTA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* CARMIDH, "HMIN KAI TA PERI= THN
YUCHN KAI TA PERI= TO SWMA, TA TOU* TACOU$ TE-KAI TH$ 'OXUTHTO$
KALLIW FAINETAI 'H= TA TH$ BRADUTHTO$ TE-KAI "HSUCIOTHTO$:
KINDUNEUEI0, 'EFH.
'OUK-'A=RA "HSUCIOTH$ TI$ "H SWFROSUNH 'AN4 'EIH, 'OUD' "HSUCIO$
"O SWFRWN BIO$, 'EK GE TOUTOU TOU* LOGOU, 'EPEIDH KALON 'AUTON
DEI 'EINAI SWFRONA 'ONTA. DUOIN GAR-DH TA "E=TERA; 'H= 'OUDAMOU
<P 160C>
"HMIN 'H= PANU POU 'OLIGACOU "AI "HSUCIOI PRAXEI$ 'EN TW*I BIWI
KALLIOU$ 'EFANHSAN 'H= "AI TACEIAI TE-KAI 'ISCURAI. 'EI D'-'OUN, 'W*
FILE, "OTI2 MALISTA MHDEN 'ELATTOU$ "AI "HSUCIOI TWN SFODRWN
TE-KAI TACEIWN PRAXEWN TUGCANOUSIN0 KALLIOU$ 'OUSAI, 'OUDE
TAUTHI SWFROSUNH 'AN4 'EIH MALLON TI TO "HSUCHI PRATTEIN 'H= TO
SFODRA TE-KAI TACEW$, 'OUTE 'EN BADISMWI 'OUTE 'EN LEXEI 'OUTE
'ALLOQI 'OUDAMOU, 'OUDE "O "HSUCIO$ BIO$ KOSMIO$8 TOU* MH "HSUCIOU
<P 160D>
SWFRONESTERO$ 'AN4 'EIH, 'EPEIDH 'EN TW*I LOGWI TWN KALWN TI "HMIN
"H SWFROSUNH "UPETEQH, KALA DE 'OUC "HTTON TA7 TACEA TWN
"HSUCIWN PEFANTAI.
'ORQW$ MOI DOKEI$, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EIRHKENAI.
PALIN TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* CARMIDH, MALLON PROSECWN
TON NOUN KAI 'EI$ SEAUTON 'EMBLEYA$, 'ENNOHSA$ "OPOION TINA
SE POIEI0 "H SWFROSUNH PAROUSA KAI POI=A TI$ 'OUSA TOIOUTON
'APERGAZOITO 'AN4, PANTA TAUTA SULLOGISAMENO$ 'EIPE= 'EU KAI
<P 160E>
'ANDREIW$ TI= SOI4 FAINETAI 'EINAI:
KAI "O$ 'EPISCWN KAI PANU 'ANDRIKW$ PRO$ "EAUTON DIASKEYAMENO$,
DOKEI0 TOINUN MOI, 'EFH, 'AISCUNESQAI POIEIN "H SWFROSUNH
KAI 'AISCUNTHLON TON 'ANQRWPON, KAI 'EINAI "OPER 'AIDW$ "H
SWFROSUNH.
'EIEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OU KALON 'ARTI "WMOLOGEI$ THN SWFROSUNHN
'EINAI:
PANU G', 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N KAI 'AGAQOI 'ANDRE$ "OI SWFRONE$:
NAI.
'A*R'-'OUN 'AN4 'EIH 'AGAQON "O= MH 'AGAQOU$ 'APERGAZETAI:
'OU-DHTA.
'OU MONON 'OUN-'A=RA KALON, 'ALLA=-KAI 'AGAQON 'ESTIN.


<P 161A>
'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
TI= 'OUN: 'H*N-D'-'EGW; "OMHRWI 'OU PISTEUEI$ KALW$ LEGEIN,
LEGONTI "OTI4
'AIDW$9 D'9 'OUK9 'AGAQH9 KECRHMENWI9 'ANDRI9 PAREINAI9:
'EGWG', 'EFH.
'ESTIN 'A=RA, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'AIDW$ 'OUK 'AGAQON KAI 'AGAQON.
FAINETAI.
SWFROSUNH DE-GE 'AGAQON, 'EIPER 'AGAQOU$ POIEI0 "OI$ 'AN4
PARHI, KAKOU$ DE MH.
'ALLA=-MHN "OUTW GE DOKEI0 MOI 'ECEIN, "W$ SU LEGEI$.
'OUK-'A=RA SWFROSUNH 'AN4 'EIH 'AIDW$, 'EIPER TO MEN 'AGAQON
<P 161B>
TUGCANEI0 'ON, 'AIDW$ DE MH8 'OUDEN MALLON 'AGAQON 'H=-KAI
KAKON.
'ALL' 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, TOUTO MEN 'ORQW$
LEGESQAI; TODE DE SKEYAI TI= SOI DOKEI0 'EINAI PERI= SWFROSUNH$.
'ARTI GAR 'ANEMNHSQHN % "O= 'HDH TOU 'HKOUSA LEGONTO$ %
"OTI4 SWFROSUNH 'AN4 'EIH TO TA "EAUTOU PRATTEIN. SKOPEI5 'OUN
TOUTO 'EI 'ORQW$ SOI4 DOKEI0 LEGEIN "O LEGWN.
KAI 'EGW, 'W* MIARE, 'EFHN, KRITIOU TOUDE 'AKHKOA$ 'AUTO 'H=
<P 161C>
'ALLOU TOU TWN SOFWN.
'EOIKEN0, 'EFH "O KRITIA$, 'ALLOU; 'OU-GAR-DH 'EMOU4 GE.
'ALLA= TI= DIAFEREI0, 'H*-D'-"O$, "O CARMIDH$, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OTOU
'HKOUSA:
'OUDEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; PANTW$ GAR 'OU TOUTO SKEPTEON, "OSTI$
'AUTO 'EI*PEN, 'ALLA= POTERON 'ALHQE$ LEGETAI 'H= 'OU=.
NU*N 'ORQW$ LEGEI$, 'H*-D'-"O$.
NH DI=A, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. 'ALL' 'EI KAI "EURHSOMEN 'AUTO "OPHI GE
'ECEI0, QAUMAZOIM' 'AN4. 'AINIGMATI GAR TINI 'EOIKEN0.
"OTI4 DH TI= GE: 'EFH.
<P 161D>
"OTI4 'OU DHPOU, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "H*I TA "RHMATA 'EFQEGXATO TAUTHI
KAI 'ENOEI, LEGWN SWFROSUNHN 'EINAI TO TA "AUTOU PRATTEIN.
'H= SU 'OUDEN "HGHI0 PRATTEIN TON GRAMMATISTHN "OTAN GRAFHI5 'H=
'ANAGIGNWSKHI5:
'EGWGE, "HGOUMAI MEN-'OUN 'EFH.
DOKEI0 'OUN SOI4 TO "AUTOU 'ONOMA MONON GRAFEIN "O GRAMMATISTH$
KAI 'ANAGIGNWSKEIN 'H= "UMA$ TOU$ PAIDA$ DIDASKEIN,
'H= 'OUDEN "HTTON TA TWN 'ECQRWN 'EGRAFETE 'H= TA "UMETERA KAI TA
TWN FILWN 'ONOMATA:
'OUDEN "HTTON.
'H*-'OUN 'EPOLUPRAGMONEITE KAI 'OUK 'ESWFRONEITE TOUTO
<P 161E>
DRWNTE$:
'OUDAMW$.
KAI-MHN 'OU TA "UME=TERA GE 'AUTWN 'EPRATTETE, 'EIPER TO
GRAFEIN PRATTEIN TI 'ESTIN KAI TO 'ANAGIGNWSKEIN.
'ALLA=-MHN 'ESTIN.
KAI-GAR TO 'IASQAI, 'W* "ETAIRE, KAI TO 'OIKODOMEIN KAI TO
"UFAINEIN KAI TO "HITINIOUN TECNHI "OTIOUN TWN TECNH$ 'ERGWN
'APERGAZESQAI PRATTEIN DHPOU TI 'ESTIN.
PANU GE.
TI= 'OUN: 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DOKEI0 'AN4 SOI4 POLI$ 'EU 'OIKEISQAI "UPO
TOUTOU TOU* NOMOU TOU* KELEUONTO$ TO "EAUTOU "IMATION "EKASTON
"UFAINEIN KAI PLUNEIN, KAI "UPODHMATA SKUTOTOMEIN, KAI LHKUQON
KAI STLEGGIDA KAI 'TALLA PANTA KATA TON 'AUTON LOGON,


<P 162A>
TWN MEN 'ALLOTRIWN MH "APTESQAI, TA DE "EAUTOU "EKASTON
'ERGAZESQAI TE-KAI PRATTEIN:
'OUK 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'ALLA=-MENTOI, 'EFHN 'EGW, SWFRONW$ GE 'OIKOUSA 'EU 'AN4
'OIKOITO.
PW*$ D' 'OU=K: 'EFH.
'OUK-A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TO TA TOIAUTA TE-KAI "OUTW TA 'AUTOU
PRATTEIN SWFROSUNH 'AN4 'EIH.
'OU FAINETAI.
'HINITTETO 'A=RA "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "OPER 'ARTI 'EGW 'ELEGON, "O LEGWN
TO TA "AUTOU PRATTEIN SWFROSUNHN 'EINAI; 'OU-GAR-POU "OUTW
<P 162B>
GE 'H*N 'EUHQH$. 'H= TINO$ 'HLIQIOU 'HKOUSA$ TOUTI LEGONTO$, 'W*
CARMIDH:
"HKISTA GE, 'EFH, 'EPEI TOI-KAI PANU 'EDOKEI SOFO$ 'EINAI.
PANTO$ TOINUN MALLON, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0, 'AINIGMA 'AUTO
PROUBALEN, "W$ 'ON CALEPON TO TA "AUTOU PRATTEIN GNWNAI0
"OTI2 POTE 'ESTIN.
'ISW$, 'EFH.
TI= 'OUN 'AN4 'EIH POTE TO TA "AUTOU PRATTEIN: 'ECEI$ 'EIPEIN:
'OUK 'OIDA MA DI=A 'EGWGE, 'H*-D'-"O$; 'ALL' 'ISW$ 'OUDEN KWLUEI0
MHDE TON LEGONTA MHDEN 'EIDENAI "OTI2 'ENOEI. KAI "AMA TAUTA
LEGWN "UPEGELA TE-KAI 'EI$ TON KRITIAN 'APEBLEPEN.
<P 162C>
KAI "O KRITIA$ DHLO$ MEN 'H*N KAI PALAI 'AGWNIWN KAI
FILOTIMW$ PRO$ TE TON CARMIDHN KAI PRO$ TOU$ PARONTA$
'ECWN, MOGI$ D' "EAUTON 'EN TW*I PROSQEN KATECWN TO=TE 'OUC "OIO$-TE-'EGENETO;
DOKEI0 GAR MOI PANTO$ MALLON 'ALHQE$ 'EINAI, "O= 'EGW
"UPELABON, TOU* KRITIOU 'AKHKOENAI TON CARMIDHN TAUTHN THN
'APOKRISIN PERI= TH$ SWFROSUNH$. "O MEN-'OUN CARMIDH$ BOULOMENO$
MH 'AUTO$ "UPECEIN LOGON 'ALL' 'EKEINON TH$ 'APOKRISEW$,
<P 162D>
"UPEKINEI 'AUTON 'EKEINON, KAI 'ENEDEIKNUTO "W$ 'EXELHLEGMENO$-'EIH;
"O D' 'OUK 'HNESCETO, 'ALLA= MOI 'EDOXEN 'ORGISQHNAI 'AUTWI "WSPER
POIHTH$ "UPOKRITHI KAKW$ DIATIQENTI TA "EAUTOU POIHMATA.
"WST' 'EMBLEYA$ 'AUTWI 'EI*PEN, "OUTW$ 'OIEI, 'W* CARMIDH, 'EI SU
MH 'OISQA "OTI2 POT' 'ENOEI "O$ 'EFH SWFROSUNHN 'EINAI TO TA "EAUTOU
PRATTEIN, 'OUDE-DH 'EKEINON 'EIDENAI:
'ALL', 'W* BELTISTE, 'EFHN 'EGW, KRITIA, TOUTON MEN 'OUDEN
<P 162E>
QAUMASTON 'AGNOEIN THLIKOUTON 'ONTA; SE DE-POU 'EIKO$ 'EIDENAI
KAI "HLIKIA$ "ENEKA KAI 'EPIMELEIA$. 'EI 'OUN SUGCWREI$ TOUT'
'EINAI SWFROSUNHN "OPER "OUTOSI LEGEI0 KAI PARADECHI0 TON LOGON,
'EGWGE POLU 'AN4 "HDION META SOU4 SKOPOIMHN 'EI=T' 'ALHQE$ 'EITE
MH TO LECQEN.
'ALLA= PANU SUGCWRW0, 'EFH, KAI PARADECOMAI.
KALW$ GE SU TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, POIW*N. KAI MOI LEGE, 'H*-KAI
"A NUNDH 'HRWTWN 'EGW SUGCWREI$, TOU$ DHMIOURGOU$ PANTA$
POIEIN TI:
'EGWGE.


<P 163A>
'H*-'OUN DOKOUSI0 SOI4 TA "EAUTWN MONON POIEIN 'H=-KAI TA TWN
'ALLWN:
KAI TA TWN 'ALLWN.
SWFRONOUSIN0 'OUN 'OU TA "EAUTWN MONON POIOUNTE$:
TI= GAR KWLUEI0: 'EFH.
'OUDEN 'EME GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; 'ALL' "ORA MH 'EKEINON KWLUEI0, "O$
"UPOQEMENO$ SWFROSUNHN 'EINAI TO TA "EAUTOU PRATTEIN 'EPEITA
'OUDEN FHSI KWLUEIN KAI TOU$ TA TWN 'ALLWN PRATTONTA$
SWFRONEIN.
'EGW GAR-POU, 'H*-D'-"O$, TOUQ' "WMOLOGHKA, "W$ "OI TA
TWN 'ALLWN PRATTONTE$ SWFRONOUSIN0, 'EI TOU$ POIOUNTA$
"WMOLOGHSA.
<P 163B>
'EIPE= MOI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OU 'TAUTON KALEI$0 TO POIEIN KAI TO
PRATTEIN:
'OU-MENTOI, 'EFH; 'OUDE-GE TO 'ERGAZESQAI KAI TO POIEIN.
'EMAQON GAR PAR' "HSIODOU, "O$ 'EFH 'ERGON9 D'98 'OUDEN9 'EINAI9
'ONEIDO$9. 'OIEI 'OUN 'AUTON, 'EI TA TOIAUTA 'ERGA 'EKALEI KAI
'ERGAZESQAI KAI PRATTEIN, "OI*A NUNDH SU 'ELEGE$, 'OUDENI 'AN4
'ONEIDO$ FANAI0 'EINAI SKUTOTOMOUNTI 'H= TARICOPWLOUNTI 'H= 'EP'
'OIKHMATO$ KAQHMENWI: 'OUK 'OIESQAI GE CRH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALLA=-KAI
'EKEINO$ 'OIMAI POIHSIN PRAXEW$ KAI 'ERGASIA$ 'ALLO 'ENOMIZEN,
<P 163C>
KAI POIHMA MEN GIGNESQAI 'ONEIDO$ 'ENIOTE, "OTAN MH
META TOU* KALOU GIGNHTAI, 'ERGON1 DE1 'OUDEPOTE 'OUDEN1 'ONEIDO$1;
TA GAR KALW$ TE-KAI 'WFELIMW$ POIOUMENA 'ERGA 'EKALEI, KAI
'ERGASIA$ TE-KAI PRAXEI$ TA$ TOIAUTA$ POIHSEI$. FANAI0 DE-GE
CRH KAI 'OIKEI*A MONA TA TOIAUTA "HGEISQAI 'AUTON, TA DE
BLABERA PANTA 'ALLO=TRIA; "WSTE KAI "HSIODON CRH 'OIESQAI
KAI 'ALLON "OSTI$ FRONIMO$ TON TA "AUTOU PRATTONTA TOUTON
SWFRONA KALEIN0;
<P 163D>
'W* KRITIA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI 'EUQU$ 'ARCOMENOU SOU4 SCEDON
'EMANQANON TON LOGON, "OTI4 TA 'OIKEI*A TE-KAI TA "AUTOU 'AGAQA
KALOIH$, KAI TA$ TWN 'AGAQWN POIHSEI$ PRAXEI$; KAI-GAR
PRODIKOU MURIA TINA 'AKHKOA PERI= 'ONOMATWN DIAIROUNTO$.
'ALL' 'EGW SOI4 TIQESQAI MEN TWN 'ONOMATWN DIDWMI "OPHI 'AN4
BOULHI3 "EKASTON; DHLOU DE MONON 'EF' "OTI2 'AN4 FERHI$ 'TOUNOMA
"OTI2 'AN4 LEGHI$. NU*N 'OUN PALIN 'EX 'ARCH$ SAFESTERON "ORISAI2;
<P 163E>
'A*RA THN TWN 'AGAQWN PRAXIN 'H= POIHSIN 'H= "OPW$ SU BOULEI
'ONOMAZEIN, TAUTHN LEGEI$ SU SWFROSUNHN 'EINAI:
'EGWGE, 'EFH.
'OUK-A=RA SWFRONEI0 "O TA KAKA PRATTWN, 'ALL' "O 'TAGAQA:
SOI4 DE, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'W* BELTISTE, 'OUC "OUTW DOKEI0:
'EA3, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; MH-GAR-PW TO 'EMOI4 DOKOUN2 SKOPWMEN,
'ALL' "O= SU LEGEI$ NU*N.
'ALLA=-MENTOI 'EGWGE, 'EFH, TON MH 'AGAQA 'ALLA= KAKA
POIOUNTA 'OU FHMI SWFRONEIN, TON DE 'AGAQA 'ALLA= MH KAKA
SWFRONEIN; THN GAR TWN 'AGAQWN PRAXIN SWFROSUNHN 'EINAI
SAFW$ SOI4 DIORIZOMAI.


<P 164A>
KAI 'OUDEN GE SE 'ISW$ KWLUEI0 'ALHQH LEGEIN; TODE GE-MENTOI,
'H*N-D'-'EGW, QAUMAZW0, 'EI SWFRONOUNTA$ 'ANQRWPOU$
"HGHI0 SU 'AGNOEIN "OTI4 SWFRONOUSIN0.
'ALL' 'OUC "HGOUMAI, 'EFH.
'OUK 'OLIGON PROTERON, 'EFHN 'EGW, 'ELEGETO "UPO SOU4 "OTI4 TOU$
DHMIOURGOU$ 'OUDEN KWLUEI0 KAI 'AU TA TWN 'ALLWN POIOUNTA$
SWFRONEIN:
'ELEGETO GAR, 'EFH; 'ALLA= TI= TOUTO:
'OUDEN; 'ALLA= LEGE 'EI DOKEI0 TI$ SOI4 'IATRO$, "UGIA TINA
<P 164B>
POIW*N, 'WFELIMA KAI "EAUTWI POIEIN KAI 'EKEINWI "ON 'IWITO:
'EMOIGE.
'OUKOU*N TA DEONTA PRATTEI0 "O GE TAUTA PRATTWN:
NAI.
"O TA DEONTA PRATTWN 'OU SWFRONEI0:
SWFRONEI0 MEN-'OUN.
'H*-'OUN-KAI GIGNWSKEIN 'ANAGKH TW*I 'IATRWI "OTAN TE 'WFELIMW$
'IATAI2 KAI "OTAN MH: KAI "EKASTWI TWN DHMIOURGWN "OTAN TE MELLHI5
'ONHSESQAI 'APO TOU* 'ERGOU "OU 'AN4 PRATTHI5 KAI "OTAN MH:
'ISW$ 'OU=.
'ENIOTE 'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'WFELIMW$ PRAXA$ 'H= BLABERW$ "O
<P 164C>
'IATRO$ 'OU GIGNWSKEI0 "EAUTON "W$ 'EPRAXEN; KAITOI 'WFELIMW$
PRAXA$, "W$ "O SO$ LOGO$, SWFRONW$ 'EPRAXEN. 'H= 'OUC "OUTW$
'ELEGE$:
'EGWGE.
'OUKOU*N, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'ENIOTE 'WFELIMW$ PRAXA$ PRATTEI0 MEN
SWFRONW$ KAI SWFRONEI0, 'AGNOEI0 D' "EAUTON "OTI4 SWFRONEI0:
'ALLA= TOUTO MEN, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUK 'AN4 POTE GENOITO,
'ALL' 'EI TI SU 'OIEI 'EK TWN 'EMPROSQEN "UP' 'EMOU4 "WMOLOGHMENWN
'EI$ TOUTO 'ANAGKAION 'EINAI SUMBAINEIN, 'EKEINWN 'AN4 TI 'EGWGE
<P 164D>
MALLON 'ANAQEIMHN, KAI 'OUK 'AN4 'AISCUNQEIHN MH 'OUCI 'ORQW$
FANAI0 'EIRHKENAI MALLON 'H= POTE SUGCWRHSAIM' 'AN4 'AGNOOUNTA
'AUTON "EAUTON 'ANQRWPON SWFRONEIN. SCEDON GAR TI 'EGWGE
'AUTO TOUTO FHMI 'EINAI SWFROSUNHN, TO GIGNWSKEIN "EAUTON,
KAI SUMFEROMAI TW*I 'EN DELFOI$ 'ANAQENTI TO TOIOUTON GRAMMA.
KAI-GAR TOUTO "OUTW MOI DOKEI0 TO GRAMMA 'ANAKEISQAI, "W$ DH
PROSRHSI$ 'OUSA TOU* QEOU TWN 'EISIONTWN0 'ANTI TOU* CAIRE, "W$
<P 164E>
TOUTOU MEN 'OUK 'ORQOU 'ONTO$ TOU* PROSRHMATO$, TOU* CAIREIN,
'OUDE DEIN TOUTO PARAKELEUESQAI 'ALLHLOI$ 'ALLA= SWFRONEIN.
"OUTW MEN-DH "O QEO$ PROSAGOREUEI0 TOU$ 'EISIONTA$ 'EI$ TO
"IERON DIAFERON TI 'H= "OI 'ANQRWPOI, "W$ DIANOOUMENO$ 'ANEQHKEN
"O 'ANAQEI$, "W$ MOI DOKEI0; KAI LEGEI0 PRO$ TON 'AEI 'EISIONTA 'OUK
'ALLO TI 'H= SWFRONEI5, FHSIN. 'AINIGMATWDESTERON DE-DH "W$
MANTI$, LEGEI0; TO GAR GNWQI9 SAUTON9 KAI TO SWFRONEI5 'ESTIN


<P 165A>
MEN 'TAUTON, "W$ TA GRAMMATA FHSIN KAI 'EGW, TACA D' 'AN4 TI$
'OIHQEIH 'ALLO 'EINAI, "O= DH MOI DOKOUSIN0 PAQEIN KAI "OI TA "USTERON
GRAMMATA 'ANAQENTE$, TO TE MHDEN9 'AGAN9 KAI TO 'EGGUH9 PA=RA9
D'9 'ATH9. KAI-GAR "OUTOI SUMBOULHN 'WIHQHSAN 'EINAI TO GNWQI1
SAUTON1, 'ALL' 'OU TWN 'EISIONTWN0 "ENEKEN8 "UPO TOU* QEOU
PROSRHSIN; 'EI*Q' "INA DH-KAI SFEI$ MHDEN "HTTON SUMBOULA$
CRHSIMOU$ 'ANAQEIEN, TAUTA GRAYANTE$ 'ANEQESAN. "OU DH-'OUN
"ENEKA LEGW0, 'W* SWKRATE$, TAUTA PANTA, TOD' 'ESTIN; TA MEN
<P 165B>
'EMPROSQEN SOI4 PANTA 'AFIHMI % 'ISW$ MEN-GAR TI SU 'ELEGE$
PERI= 'AUTWN 'ORQOTERON, 'ISW$ D' 'EGW, SAFE$ D' 'OUDEN PANU 'H*N
"WN 'ELEGOMEN % NU*N D' 'EQELW0 TOUTOU SOI4 DIDONAI LOGON, 'EI MH
"OMOLOGEI$ SWFROSUNHN 'EINAI TO GIGNWSKEIN 'AUTON "EAUTON.
'ALL', 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* KRITIA, SU MEN "W$ FASKONTO$ 'EMOU4
'EIDENAI PERI= "WN 'ERWTW0 PROSFERHI0 PRO$ ME, KAI 'EA=N DH BOULWMAI,
"OMOLOGHSONTO$ SOI4; TO D' 'OUC "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, 'ALLA=
ZHTW0 GAR META SOU4 'AEI TO PROTIQEMENON DIA= TO MH 'AUTO$
<P 165C>
'EIDENAI. SKEYAMENO$ 'OUN 'EQELW0 'EIPEIN 'EITE "OMOLOGW0 'EITE
MH. 'ALL' 'EPISCE$ "EW$ 'AN4 SKEYWMAI.
SKOPEI5 DH, 'H*-D'-"O$.
KAI-GAR, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, SKOPW0. 'EI GAR-DH GIGNWSKEIN GE
TI 'ESTIN "H SWFROSUNH, DHLON "OTI4 'EPISTHMH TI$ 'AN4 'EIH KAI
TINO$; 'H= 'OU=:
'ESTIN, 'EFH, "EAUTOU GE.
'OUKOU*N KAI 'IATRIKH, 'EFHN, 'EPISTHMH 'ESTIN TOU* "UGIEINOU:
PANU GE.
'EI TOINUN ME, 'EFHN, 'EROIO SU; 'IATRIKH "UGIEINOU 'EPISTHMH
'OUSA TI= "HMIN CRHSIMH 'ESTIN KAI TI= 'APERGAZETAI,
<P 165D>
'EIPOIM' 'AN4 "OTI4 'OU SMIKRAN 'WFELIAN; THN GAR "UGIEIAN KALON
"HMIN 'ERGON 'APERGAZETAI, 'EI 'APODECHI0 TOUTO.
'APODECOMAI.
KAI 'EI TOINUN ME 'EROIO THN 'OIKODOMIKHN, 'EPISTHMHN 'OUSAN
TOU* 'OIKODOMEIN, TI= FHMI 'ERGON 'APERGAZESQAI, 'EIPOIM' 'AN4 "OTI4
'OIKHSEI$; "WSAUTW$ DE-KAI TWN 'ALLWN TECNWN. CRH 'OUN-KAI
SE "UPER TH$ SWFROSUNH$, 'EPEIDH FH=I$ 'AUTHN "EAUTOU 'EPISTHMHN
'EINAI 'ECEIN 'EIPEIN 'ERWTHQENTA, 'W* KRITIA, SWFROSUNH,
<P 165E>
'EPISTHMH 'OUSA "EAUTOU, TI= KALON "HMIN 'ERGON 'APERGAZETAI KAI
'AXION TOU* 'ONOMATO$: 'IQI 'OUN, 'EIPE=.
'ALL', 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EFH, 'OUK 'ORQW$ ZHTEI$. 'OU-GAR "OMOI=A
"AU=TH PEFUKEN0 TAI$ 'ALLAI$ 'EPISTHMAI$, 'OUDE-GE "AI 'ALLAI 'ALLHLAI$;
SU D' "W$ "OMOIWN 'OUSWN POIHI0 THN ZHTHSIN. 'EPEI LEGE
MOI, 'EFH, TH$ LOGISTIKH$ TECNH$ 'H= TH$ GEWMETRIKH$ TI= 'ESTIN
TOIOUTON 'ERGON "OION 'OIKIA 'OIKODOMIKH$ 'H= "IMATION "UFANTIKH$ 'H=
'A=LLA TOIAUT' 'ERGA, "A POLLA 'AN4 TI$ 'ECOI POLLWN TECNWN


<P 166A>
DEIXAI0: 'ECEI$ 'OUN MOI KAI SU TOUTWN TOIOUTON TI 'ERGON DEIXAI0:
'ALL' 'OUC "EXEI$.
KAI 'EGW 'EIPON "OTI4 'ALHQH LEGEI$; 'ALLA= TODE SOI4 'ECW0
DEIXAI0, TI=NO$ 'ESTIN 'EPISTHMH "EKASTH TOUTWN TWN 'EPISTHMWN,
"O= TUGCANEI0 'ON 'ALLO 'AUTH$ TH$ 'EPISTHMH$. "OION "H LOGISTIKH
'ESTIN POU TOU* 'ARTIOU KAI TOU* PERITTOU PLHQOU$ "OPW$ 'ECEI0
PRO$ "AUTA KAI PRO$ 'ALLHLA; 'H*-GAR:
PANU GE 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N "ETEROU 'ONTO$ TOU* PERITTOU KAI 'ARTIOU 'AUTH$ TH$
LOGISTIKH$:
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
<P 166B>
KAI-MHN 'AU "H STATIKH TOU* BARUTEROU TE-KAI KOUFOTEROU
STAQMOU 'ESTIN STATIKH; "ETERON DE 'ESTIN TO BARU TE-KAI
KOUFON TH$ STATIKH$ 'AUTH$. SUGCWREI$:
'EGWGE.
LEGE DH-KAI "H SWFROSUNH TI=NO$ 'ESTIN 'EPISTHMH, "O=
TUGCANEI0 "ETERON 'ON 'AUTH$ TH$ SWFROSUNH$:
TOUTO 'ESTIN 'EKEINO, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$; 'EP' 'AUTO "HKEI$
'EREUNWN TO "WI DIAFEREI0 PASWN TWN 'EPISTHMWN "H SWFROSUNH;
SU DE "OMOIOTHTA TINA ZHTEI$ 'AUTH$ TAI$ 'ALLAI$. TO D' 'OUK
<P 166C>
'ESTIN "OUTW$, 'ALL' "AI MEN 'ALLAI PASAI 'ALLOU 'EISIN 'EPISTHMAI,
"EAUTWN D' 'OU=, "H DE MONH TWN TE 'ALLWN 'EPISTHMWN
'EPISTHMH 'ESTI KAI 'AUTH "EAUTH$. KAI TAUTA SE POLLOU DEI
LELHQENAI, 'ALLA=-GAR 'OIMAI "O= 'ARTI 'OUK 'EFHSQA POIEIN, TOUTO
POIEI$; 'EME GAR 'EPICEIREI$ 'ELEGCEIN, 'EASA$ PERI= "OU "O LOGO$
'ESTIN.
"OION, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, POIEI$ "HGOUMENO$, 'EI "OTI2 MALISTA SE
'ELEGCW0, 'ALLOU TINO$ "ENEKA 'ELEGCEIN 'H= "OUPER "ENEKA 'KAN4
<P 166D>
'EMAUTON DIEREUNWIMHN TI= LEGW0, FOBOUMENO$ MH POTE LAQW
'OIOMENO$ MEN TI 'EIDENAI, 'EIDW$ DE MH. KAI NU*N DH-'OUN 'EGWGE
FHMI TOUTO POIEIN, TON LOGON SKOPEIN MALISTA MEN 'EMAUTOU
"ENEKA, 'ISW$ DE-DH-KAI TWN 'ALLWN 'EPITHDEIWN; 'H= 'OU KOINON
'OIEI 'AGAQON 'EINAI SCEDON TI PASIN 'ANQRWPOI$, GIGNESQAI
KATAFANE$ "EKASTON TWN 'ONTWN0 "OPHI 'ECEI0:
KAI MALA, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'EGWGE, 'W* SWKRATE$.
QARRWN TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* MAKARIE, 'APOKRINOMENO$ TO
'ERWTWMENON "OPHI SOI4 FAINETAI, 'EA2 CAIREIN 'EITE KRITIA$ 'ESTIN
<P 166E>
'EITE SWKRATH$ "O 'ELEGCOMENO$; 'ALL' 'AUTWI PROSECWN TON
NOUN TW*I LOGWI SKOPEI5 "OPHI POTE 'EKBHSETAI 'ELEGCOMENO$.
'ALLA=, 'EFH, POIHSW2 "OUTW; DOKEI$ GAR MOI ME=TRIA LEGEIN.
LEGE TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PERI= TH$ SWFROSUNH$ PW*$ LEGEI$:
LEGW0 TOINUN, 'H*-D'-"O$, "OTI4 MONH TWN 'ALLWN 'EPISTHMWN
'AUTH TE "AUTH$ 'ESTIN KAI TWN 'ALLWN 'EPISTHMWN 'EPISTHMH.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI 'ANEPISTHMOSUNH$ 'EPISTHMH 'AN4 'EIH,
'EIPER KAI 'EPISTHMH$:
PANU GE, 'EFH.


<P 167A>
"O 'A=RA SWFRWN MONO$ 'AUTO$ TE "EAUTON GNWSETAI KAI "OIO$-TE-'ESTAI
'EXETASAI0 TI= TE TUGCANEI0 'EIDW$ KAI TI= MH, KAI TOU$
'ALLOU$ "WSAUTW$ DUNATO$ 'ESTAI 'EPISKOPEIN TI= TI$ 'OIDEN KAI
'OIETAI, 'EIPER 'OIDEN, KAI TI= 'AU 'OIETAI MEN 'EIDENAI, 'OIDEN D'
'OU=, TWN DE 'ALLWN 'OUDEI$; KAI 'ESTIN DH TOUTO TO SWFRONEIN
TE-KAI SWFROSUNH KAI TO "EAUTON 'AUTON GIGNWSKEIN, TO 'EIDENAI
"A TE 'OIDEN KAI "A MH 'OIDEN. 'A*RA TAUTA 'ESTIN "A LEGEI$:
'EGWG', 'EFH.
PALIN TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TO TRITON TW*I SWTHRI, "WSPER 'EX
<P 167B>
'ARCH$ 'EPISKEYWMEQA PRWTON MEN 'EI DUNATON 'ESTIN TOUT' 'EINAI
'H= 'OU= % TO "A 'OIDEN KAI "A MH 'OIDEN 'EIDENAI "OTI74 'OIDE7 KAI7 "OTI4 'OUK
'OIDEN % 'EPEITA 'EI "OTI2 MALISTA DUNATON, TI=$ 'AN4 'EIH "HMIN 'WFELIA
'EIDOSIN 'AUTO.
'ALLA= CRH, 'EFH, SKOPEIN.
'IQI DH, 'EFHN 'EGW, 'W* KRITIA, SKEYAI, 'EA=N TI PERI= 'AUTWN
'EUPORWTERO$ FANHI$ 'EMOU4; 'EGW MEN-GAR 'APORW0. "HI DE 'APORW0,
FRASW2 SOI4:
PANU G', 'EFH.
'ALLO TI 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PANTA TAUT' 'AN4 'EIH, 'EI 'ESTIN
"OPER 'SU NUNDH 'ELEGE$, MIA TI$ 'EPISTHMH, "H= 'OUK 'ALLOU TINO$
<P 167C>
'ESTIN 'H= "EAUTH$ TE-KAI TWN 'ALLWN 'EPISTHMWN 'EPISTHMH, KAI-DH-KAI
'ANEPISTHMOSUNH$ "H 'AUTH "AU=TH:
PANU GE.
'IDE DH "W$ 'ATOPON 'EPICEIROUMEN, 'W* "ETAIRE, LEGEIN; 'EN
'ALLOI$ GAR-POU TO 'AUTO TOUTO 'EA=N SKOPHI$, DOXEI2 SOI4, "W$
'EGWIMAI, 'ADUNATON 'EINAI.
PW*$ DH-KAI POU*:
'EN TOISDE. 'ENNOEI5 GAR 'EI SOI4 DOKEI0 'OYI$ TI$ 'EINAI, "H= "WN
MEN "AI 'ALLAI 'OYEI$ 'EISIN, 'OUK 'ESTIN TOUTWN 'OYI$, "EAUTH$ DE-KAI
TWN 'ALLWN 'OYEWN 'OYI$ 'ESTIN KAI MH 'OYEWN "WSAUTW$,
<P 167D>
KAI CRWMA MEN "ORA*I0 'OUDEN 'OYI$ 'OUSA, "AUTHN DE-KAI TA$ 'ALLA$
'OYEI$; DOKEI0 TI$ SOI4 'EINAI TOIAUTH:
MA DI=' 'OUK 'EMOIGE.
TI= DE 'AKOHN, "H= FWNH$ MEN 'OUDEMIA$ 'AKOUEI0, "AUTH$ DE-KAI
TWN 'ALLWN 'AKOWN 'AKOUEI0 KAI TWN MH 'AKOWN:
'OUDE TOUTO.
SULLHBDHN DH SKOPEI5 PERI= PASWN TWN 'AISQHSEWN 'EI TI$
SOI4 DOKEI0 'EINAI 'AISQHSEWN MEN 'AISQHSI$ KAI "EAUTH$, "WN DE-DH
"AI 'ALLAI 'AISQHSEI$ 'AISQANONTAI, MHDENO$ 'AISQANOMENH:
'OUK 'EMOIGE.
<P 167E>
'ALL' 'EPIQUMIA DOKEI0 TI$ SOI4 'EINAI, "HTI$ "HDONH$ MEN 'OUDEMIA$
'ESTIN 'EPIQUMIA, "AUTH$ DE-KAI TWN 'ALLWN 'EPIQUMIWN:
'OU-DHTA.
'OUDE-MHN BOULHSI$, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, "H= 'AGAQON MEN 'OUDEN
BOULETAI, "AUTHN DE-KAI TA$ 'ALLA$ BOULHSEI$ BOULETAI.
'OU-GAR-'OUN.
'ERWTA DE FAIH$ 'AN4 TINA 'EINAI TOIOUTON, "O$ TUGCANEI0 'WN
'ERW$ KALOU MEN 'OUDENO$, "AUTOU DE-KAI TWN 'ALLWN 'ERWTWN:
'OU=K, 'EFH, 'EGWGE.
FOBON DE 'HDH TINA KATANENOHKA$, "O$ "EAUTON MEN-KAI TOU$


<P 168A>
'ALLOU$ FOBOU$ FOBEITAI, TWN DEINWN D'-'OUDE "EN FOBEITAI:
'OU KATANENOHKA, 'EFH.
DOXAN DE DOXWN DOXAN KAI "AUTH$, "WN DE "AI 'ALLAI DOXAZOUSIN0
MHDEN DOXAZOUSAN:
'OUDAMW$.
'ALL' 'EPISTHMHN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, FAMEN TINA 'EINAI TOIAUTHN,
"HTI$ MAQHMATO$ MEN 'OUDENO$ 'ESTIN 'EPISTHMH, "AUTH$ DE-KAI
TWN 'ALLWN 'EPISTHMWN 'EPISTHMH:
FAMEN GAR.
'OUKOU*N 'ATOPON, 'EI 'A=RA-KAI 'ESTIN: MHDEN-GAR-PW DIISCURIZWMEQA
"W$ 'OUK 'ESTIN, 'ALL' 'EI 'ESTIN 'ETI SKOPWMEN.
<P 168B>
'ORQW$ LEGEI$.
FERE DH; 'ESTI MEN "AU=TH "H 'EPISTHMH TINO$ 'EPISTHMH, KAI
'ECEI0 TINA TOIAUTHN DUNAMIN "WSTE TINO$ 'EINAI; 'H*-GAR:
PANU GE.
KAI-GAR TO MEIZON FAMEN TOIAUTHN TINA 'ECEIN DUNAMIN,
"WSTE TINO$ 'EINAI MEIZON:
'ECEI0 GAR.
'OUKOU*N 'ELATTONO$ TINO$, 'EIPER 'ESTAI MEIZON.
'ANAGKH.
'EI 'OUN TI "EUROIMEN MEIZON, "O= TWN MEN MEIZONWN 'ESTIN
MEIZON KAI "EAUTOU, "WN DE 'TALLA MEIZW 'ESTIN MHDENO$ MEIZON,
<P 168C>
PANTW$ 'AN4 POU 'EKEINO G' 'AUTWI "UPARCOI, 'EIPER "EAUTOU MEIZON
'EIH, KAI 'ELATTON "EAUTOU 'EINAI; 'H= 'OU=:
POLLH 'ANAGKH, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$.
'OUKOU*N KAI 'EI TI DIPLASION 'ESTIN TWN TE 'ALLWN DIPLASIWN
KAI "EAUTOU, "HMISEO$ DHPOU 'ONTO$ "EAUTOU TE-KAI TWN
'ALLWN DIPLASION 'AN4 'EIH; 'OU-GAR 'ESTIN POU 'ALLOU DIPLASION
'H= "HMISEO$.
'ALHQH.
PLEON DE "AUTOU 'ON 'OU KAI 'ELATTON 'ESTAI, KAI BARUTERON
'ON KOUFOTERON, KAI PRESBUTERON 'ON NEWTERON, KAI 'TALLA
<P 168D>
PANTA "WSAUTW$, "OTIPER2 'AN4 THN "EAUTOU DUNAMIN PRO$ "EAUTO
'ECHI5, 'OU-KAI 'EKEINHN "EXEI2 THN 'OUSIAN, PRO$ "HN "H DUNAMI$
'AUTOU4 'H*N: LEGW0 DE TO TOIONDE; "OION "H 'AKOH, FAMEN, 'OUK
'ALLOU TINO$ 'H*N 'AKOH 'H= FWNH$; 'H*-GAR:
NAI.
'OUKOU*N 'EIPER 'AUTH "AUTH$ 'AKOUSETAI, FWNHN 'ECOUSH$
"EAUTH$ 'AKOUSETAI; 'OU-GAR 'AN4 'ALLW$ 'AKOUSEIEN.
POLLH 'ANAGKH.
KAI "H 'OYI$ GE-POU, 'W* 'ARISTE, 'EIPER 'OYETAI 'AUTH "EAUTHN,
CRWMA TI 'AUTHN 'ANAGKH 'ECEIN; 'ACRWN GAR 'OYI$ 'OUDEN 'AN84
<P 168E>
MH POTE 'IDHI6.
'OU-GAR-'OUN.
"ORA*I$0 'OUN, 'W* KRITIA, "OTI4 "OSA DIELHLUQAMEN, TA MEN 'AUTWN
'ADUNATA PANTAPASI FAINETAI "HMIN, TA D' 'APISTEITAI SFODRA
MH POT' 'AN4 THN "EAUTWN DUNAMIN PRO$ "EAUTA SCEIN: MEGEQH
MEN-GAR-KAI PLHQH KAI TA TOIAUTA PANTAPASIN 'ADUNATON; 'H=
'OUCI:
PANU GE.
'AKOH D' 'AU KAI 'OYI$ KAI 'ETI GE KINHSI$ 'AUTH "EAUTHN
KINEIN, KAI QERMOTH$ KAEIN, KAI PANTA 'AU TA TOIAUTA TOI$


<P 169A>
MEN 'APISTIAN 'AN74 PARASCOI, 'ISW$ DE TISIN 'OU=. MEGALOU DH
TINO$, 'W* FILE, 'ANDRO$ DEI, "OSTI$ TOUTO KATA PANTWN "IKANW$
DIAIRHSETAI, POTERON 'OUDEN TWN 'ONTWN0 THN "AUTOU DUNAMIN
'AUTO PRO$ "EAUTO PEFUKEN0 'ECEIN PLHN8 'EPISTHMH$8, 'ALLA= PRO$
'ALLO, 'H= TA MEN, TA D' 'OU=; KAI 'EI 'ESTIN 'AU "ATINA 'AUTA PRO$ "AUTA
'ECEI0, 'A*R' 'EN TOUTOI$ 'ESTIN 'EPISTHMH, "HN DH "HMEI$ SWFROSUNHN
FAMEN 'EINAI. 'EGW MEN 'OU PISTEUW0 'EMAUTWI "IKANO$ 'EINAI
TAUTA DIELESQAI; DIO KAI-'OUT' 'EI DUNATON 'ESTI TOUTO GENESQAI,
<P 169B>
'EPISTHMH$ 'EPISTHMHN 'EINAI, 'ECW0 DIISCURISASQAI, 'OUT' 'EI "OTI2
MALISTA 'ESTI, SWFROSUNHN 'APODECOMAI 'AUTO 'EINAI, PRIN 'AN4
'EPISKEYWMAI 'EITE TI 'AN4 "HMA$ 'WFELOI TOIOUTON 'ON 'EITE MH.
THN GAR-'OUN-DH SWFROSUNHN 'WFELIMON TI KAI 'AGAQON MANTEUOMAI
'EINAI; SU 'OUN, 'W* PAI KALLAISCROU % TIQESAI GAR
SWFROSUNHN TOUT' 'EINAI, 'EPISTHMHN 'EPISTHMH$ KAI-DH-KAI
'ANEPISTHMOSUNH$ % PRWTON MEN TOUTO 'ENDEIXAI2, "OTI4 DUNATON
'APODEIXAI80 SE8 "O= NUNDH 'ELEGON, 'EPEITA PRO$ TW*I DUNATWI "OTI4
<P 169C>
KAI 'WFELIMON; 'KAME TAC' 'AN4 'APOPLHRWSAI$ "W$ 'ORQW$ LEGEI$
PERI= SWFROSUNH$ "O= 'ESTIN.
KAI "O KRITIA$ 'AKOUSA$ TAUTA KAI 'IDWN ME 'APOROUNTA,
"WSPER "OI TOU$ CASMWMENOU$ KATANTIKRU "ORWNTE$ 'TAUTON
TOUTO SUMPASCOUSIN0, 'KAKEINO$ 'EDOXE MOI "UP' 'EMOU4 'APOROUNTO$
'ANAGKASQHNAI KAI 'AUTO$ "ALWNAI0 "UPO 'APORIA$. "ATE 'OUN 'EUDOKIMWN
"EKASTOTE, 'HISCUNETO TOU$ PARONTA$, KAI-'OUTE SUGCWRHSAI0
MOI 'HQELEN 'ADUNATO$ 'EINAI DIELESQAI "A PROUKALOUMHN
<P 169D>
'AUTON, 'ELEGEN TE 'OUDEN SAFE$, 'EPIKALUPTWN THN 'APORIAN.
'KAGW "HMIN "INA "O LOGO$ PROIOI, 'EIPON; 'ALL' 'EI DOKEI0, 'W*
KRITIA, NU*N MEN TOUTO SUGCWRHSWMEN, DUNATON 'EINAI GENESQAI
'EPISTHMHN 'EPISTHMH$; 'AUQI$ DE 'EPISKEYOMEQA 'EITE
"OUTW$ 'ECEI0 'EITE MH. 'IQI DH-'OUN 'EI "OTI2 MALISTA DUNATON
TOUTO, TI= MALLON "OION-TE-'ESTIN 'EIDENAI "A TE TI$ 'OIDE KAI "A
MH: TOUTO GAR DHPOU 'EFAMEN 'EINAI TO GIGNWSKEIN "AUTON KAI
SWFRONEIN; 'H*-GAR:
PANU GE, 'H*-D'-"O$, KAI SUMBAINEI0 GE-POU, 'W* SWKRATE$. 'EI
<P 169E>
GAR TI$ 'ECEI0 'EPISTHMHN "H= 'AUTH "AUTHN GIGNWSKEI0, TOIOUTO$
'AN4 'AUTO$ 'EIH "OIONPER 'ESTIN "O= 'ECEI0; "WSPER "OTAN TACO$ TI$
'ECHI5, TACU$, KAI "OTAN KALLO$, KALO$, KAI "OTAN GNWSIN, GIGNWSKWN,
"OTAN DE-DH GNWSIN 'AUTHN "AUTH$ TI$ 'ECHI5, GIGNWSKWN
POU 'AUTO$ "EAUTON TO=TE 'ESTAI.
'OU TOUTO, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'AMFISBHTW0, "W$ 'OUC "OTAN TO "AUTO
GIGNWSKON TI$ 'ECHI5, 'AUTO$ "AUTON GNWSETAI, 'ALL' 'ECONTI TOUTO
TI=$ 'ANAGKH 'EIDENAI "A TE 'OIDEN KAI "A MH 'OIDEN:


<P 170A>
"OTI4, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'TAUTON 'ESTIN TOUTO 'EKEINWI.
'ISW$, 'EFHN, 'ALL' 'EGW KINDUNEUW0 'AEI "OMOIO$ 'EINAI; 'OU-GAR
'AU MANQANW0 "W$ 'ESTIN TO 'AUTO, "A 'OIDEN 'EIDENAI KAI "A TI$
MH 'OIDEN 'EIDENAI.
PW*$ LEGEI$, 'EFH:
"WDE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. 'EPISTHMH POU 'EPISTHMH$ 'OUSA 'A*RA
PLEON TI "OI=A-T'-'ESTAI DIAIREIN, 'H= "OTI4 TOUTWN TODE MEN
'EPISTHMH, TODE D' 'OUK 'EPISTHMH:
'OU=K, 'ALLA= TOSOUTON.
'TAUTON 'OUN 'ESTIN 'EPISTHMHI TE-KAI 'ANEPISTHMOSUNHI "UGIEINOU,
<P 170B>
KAI 'EPISTHMHI TE-KAI 'ANEPISTHMOSUNHI DIKAIOU:
'OUDAMW$.
'ALLA= TO MEN 'OIMAI 'IATRIKH, TO DE POLITIKH, TO DE 'OUDEN
'ALLO 'H= 'EPISTHMH.
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
'OUKOU*N 'EA=N MH PROSEPISTHTAI TI$ TO "UGIEINON KAI TO
DIKAION, 'ALL' 'EPISTHMHN MONON GIGNWSKHI5 "ATE TOUTOU MONON
'ECWN 'EPISTHMHN, "OTI4 MEN TI 'EPISTATAI KAI "OTI4 'EPISTHMHN
TINA 'ECEI0, 'EIKOTW$ 'AN4 GIGNWSKOI KAI PERI= "AUTOU KAI PERI= TWN
'ALLWN; 'H*-GAR:
NAI.
"OTI2 DE GIGNWSKEI0, TAUTHI THI 'EPISTHMHI PW*$ 'EISETAI:
<P 170C>
GIGNWSKEI0 GAR-DH TO MEN "UGIEINON THI 'IATRIKHI 'ALL' 'OU SWFROSUNHI,
TO D' "ARMONIKON MOUSIKHI 'ALL' 'OU SWFROSUNHI, TO D'
'OIKODOMIKON 'OIKODOMIKHI 'ALL' 'OU SWFROSUNHI, KAI "OUTW PANTA;
'H= 'OU=:
FAINETAI.
SWFROSUNHI DE, 'EIPER MONON 'ESTIN 'EPISTHMWN 'EPISTHMH,
PW*$ 'EISETAI "OTI4 TO "UGIEINON GIGNWSKEI0 'H= "OTI4 TO 'OIKODOMIKON:
'OUDAMW$.
'OUK-'A=RA 'EISETAI "O= 'OIDEN "O TOUTO 'AGNOWN, 'ALL' "OTI4 'OIDEN
MONON.
'EOIKEN0.
<P 170D>
'OUK-A=RA SWFRONEIN TOUT' 'AN4 'EIH 'OUDE SWFROSUNH, 'EIDENAI
"A TE 'OIDEN KAI "A MH 'OIDEN, 'ALL', "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "OTI4 'OIDEN KAI "OTI4
'OUK 'OIDEN MONON.
KINDUNEUEI0.
'OUDE 'ALLON 'A=RA "OIO$-TE-'ESTAI "OUTO$ 'EXETASAI0 FASKONTA
TI 'EPISTASQAI POTERON 'EPISTATAI "O= FHSIN 'EPISTASQAI 'H= 'OUK
'EPISTATAI; 'ALLA= TOSOUTON MONON, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, GNWSETAI, "OTI4
'ECEI0 TINA 'EPISTHMHN, "OTOU DE-GE, "H SWFROSUNH 'OU POIHSEI2
'AUTON GIGNWSKEIN.
'OU FAINETAI.
<P 170E>
'OUTE-'A=RA TON PROSPOIOUMENON 'IATRON 'EINAI, 'ONTA DE MH,
KAI TON "W$ 'ALHQW$ 'ONTA "OIO$-TE-'ESTAI DIAKRINEIN0, 'OUTE 'ALLON
'OUDENA TWN 'EPISTHMONWN KAI MH. SKEYWMEQA DE 'EK TWNDE;
'EI MELLEI0 "O SWFRWN 'H= "OSTISOUN 'ALLO$ TON "W$ 'ALHQW$ 'IATRON
DIAGNWSESQAI KAI TON MH, 'A=R' 'OUC "WDE POIHSEI2; PERI= MEN
'IATRIKH$ DHPOU 'AUTWI 'OU DIALEXETAI % 'OUDEN GAR 'EPAIEI0, "W$
'EFAMEN, "O 'IATRO$ 'ALL'-'H= TO "UGIEINON KAI TO NOSWDE$ % 'H= 'OU=:
NAI, "OUTW$.
PERI= DE-GE 'EPISTHMH$ 'OUDEN 'OIDEN, 'ALLA= TOUTO DH THI
SWFROSUNHI MONHI 'APEDOMEN.
NAI.
'OUDE PERI= 'IATRIKH$ 'A=RA 'OIDEN "O 'IATRIKO$, 'EPEIDHPER "H


<P 171A>
'IATRIKH 'EPISTHMH 'OUSA TUGCANEI0.
'ALHQH.
"OTI4 MEN-DH 'EPISTHMHN TINA 'ECEI0, GNWSETAI "O SWFRWN
TON 'IATRON; DEON DE PEIRAN LABEIN "HTI$ 'ESTIN, 'ALLO TI SKEYETAI
"WNTINWN: 'H= 'OU TOUTWI "WRISTAI "EKASTH 'EPISTHMH MH
MONON 'EPISTHMH 'EINAI 'ALLA= KAI TI=$, TW*I TINWN 'EINAI:
TOUTWI MEN-'OUN.
KAI "H 'IATRIKH DH "ETE=RA 'EINAI TWN 'ALLWN 'EPISTHMWN
"WRISQH TW*I TOU* "UGIEINOU 'EINAI KAI NOSWDOU$ 'EPISTHMH.
NAI.
'OUKOU*N 'EN TOUTOI$ 'ANAGKAION SKOPEIN TON BOULOMENON
<P 171B>
'IATRIKHN SKOPEIN, 'EN "OI$ POT' 'ESTIN; 'OU-GAR-DHPOU 'EN GE
TOI$ 'EXW, 'EN "OI$ 'OUK 'ESTIN:
'OU-DHTA.
'EN TOI$ "UGIEINOI$ 'A=RA KAI NOSWDESIN 'EPISKEYETAI TON
'IATRON, "HI 'IATRIKO$ 'ESTIN, "O 'ORQW$ SKOPOUMENO$.
'EOIKEN0.
'OUKOU*N 'EN TOI$ "OUTW$ 'H= LEGOMENOI$ 'H= PRATTOMENOI$ TA
MEN LEGOMENA, 'EI 'ALHQH LEGETAI, SKOPOUMENO$, TA DE PRATTOMENA,
'EI 'ORQW$ PRATTETAI:
'ANAGKH.
'H*-'OUN 'ANEU 'IATRIKH$ DUNAIT' 'AN4 TI$ TOUTWN POTEROI$
'EPAKOLOUQHSAI0:
'OU-DHTA.
<P 171C>
'OUDE-GE 'ALLO$ 'OUDEI$, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, PLHN 'IATRO$, 'OUTE-DH "O
SWFRWN; 'IATRO$ GAR 'AN4 'EIH PRO$ THI SWFROSUNHI.
'ESTI TAUTA.
PANTO$ 'A=RA MALLON, 'EI "H SWFROSUNH 'EPISTHMH$ 'EPISTHMH
MONON 'ESTIN KAI 'ANEPISTHMOSUNH$, 'OUTE 'IATRON DIAKRINAI0 "OI=A-TE-'ESTAI
'EPISTAMENON TA TH$ TECNH$ 'H= MH 'EPISTAMENON,
PROSPOIOUMENON DE 'H= 'OIOMENON, 'OUTE 'ALLON 'OUDENA TWN 'EPISTAMENWN
KAI "OTIOUN, PLHN GE TON "AUTOU "OMOTECNON, "WSPER
"OI 'ALLOI DHMIOURGOI.
FAINETAI, 'EFH.
<P 171D>
TI=$ 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* KRITIA, 'WFELIA "HMIN 'ETI 'AN4 'EIH
'APO TH$ SWFROSUNH$ TOIAUTH$ 'OUSH$: 'EI MEN-GAR, "O= 'EX
'ARCH$ "UPETIQEMEQA, 'HIDEI "O SWFRWN "A TE 'HIDEI KAI "A MH 'HIDEI,
TA MEN "OTI4 'OIDEN, TA D' "OTI4 'OUK 'OIDEN, KAI 'ALLON 'TAUTON
TOUTO PEPONQOTA 'EPISKEYASQAI "OIO$-T'-'H*N, MEGALWSTI 'AN4
"HMIN, FAMEN, 'WFELIMON 'H*N SWFROSIN 'EINAI; 'ANAMARTHTOI
GAR 'AN4 TON BION DIEZWMEN 'AUTOI TE-KAI8 "OI THN SWFROSUNHN
'ECONTE$ KAI "OI 'ALLOI PANTE$ "OSOI "UF' "HMWN 'HRCONTO. 'OUTE-GAR
<P 171E>
'AN4 'AUTOI 'EPECEIROUMEN PRATTEIN "A MH 'HPISTAMEQA, 'ALL'
'EXEURISKONTE$ TOU$ 'EPISTAMENOU$ 'EKEINOI$ 'AN4 PAREDIDOMEN,
'OUTE TOI$ 'ALLOI$ 'EPETREPOMEN, "WN 'HRCOMEN, 'ALLO TI PRATTEIN
'H= "OTI2 PRATTONTE$ 'ORQW$ 'EMELLON PRAXEIN % TOUTO D' 'H*N
'AN4, "OU 'EPISTHMHN 'EICON % KAI "OUTW DH "UPO SWFROSUNH$ 'OIKIA
TE 'OIKOUMENH 'EMELLEN KALW$ 'OIKEISQAI, POLI$ TE POLITEUOMENH,
KAI 'ALLO PAN "OU SWFROSUNH 'ARCOI; "AMARTIA$ GAR


<P 172A>
'EXHIRHMENH$, 'ORQOTHTO$ DE "HGOUMENH$, 'EN PASHI PRAXEI KALW$
KAI 'EU PRATTEIN 'ANAGKAION TOU$ "OUTW DIAKEIMENOU$, TOU$ DE
'EU PRATTONTA$ 'EUDAIMONA$ 'EINAI. 'A*R' 'OUC "OUTW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW,
'W* KRITIA, 'ELEGOMEN PERI= SWFROSUNH$, LEGONTE$ "OSON 'AGAQON
'EIH TO 'EIDENAI "A TE 'OIDEN TI$ KAI "A MH 'OIDEN:
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH, "OUTW$.
NU*N DE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "ORA*I$0 "OTI4 'OUDAMOU 'EPISTHMH 'OUDEMIA
TOIAUTH 'OUSA PEFANTAI.
"ORW0, 'EFH.
<P 172B>
'A*R'-'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TOUT' 'ECEI0 TO 'AGAQON "HN NU*N "EURISKOMEN
SWFROSUNHN 'OUSAN, TO 'EPISTHMHN 'EPISTASQAI KAI
'ANEPISTHMOSUNHN, "OTI4 "O TAUTHN 'ECWN, "OTI2 'AN4 'ALLO MANQANHI5,
"RA\ON TE MAQHSETAI KAI 'ENARGE=STERA PANTA 'AUTWI FANEITAI,
"ATE PRO$ "EKASTWI "WI 'AN4 MANQANHI5 PROSKAQORWNTI THN 'EPISTHMHN;
KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ DH KALLION 'EXETASEI2 PERI= "WN 'AN4
KAI 'AUTO$ MAQHI6 "OI DE 'ANEU TOUTOU 'EXETAZONTE$ 'ASQENESTERON
KAI FAULOTERON TOUTO DRASOUSIN2: 'A*R', 'W* FILE, TOIAUTA
<P 172C>
'ATTA 'ESTIN "A 'APOLAUSOMEQA TH$ SWFROSUNH$, "HMEI$ DE MEIZON
TI BLEPOMEN KAI ZHTOUMEN 'AUTO MEIZON TI 'EINAI 'H= "OSON 'ESTIN:
TACA D' 'AN4, 'EFH, "OUTW$ 'ECOI.
'ISW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; 'ISW$ DE-GE "HMEI$ 'OUDEN CRHSTON
'EZHTHSAMEN. TEKMAIROMAI DE, "OTI4 MOI 'ATOP' 'ATTA KATAFAINETAI
PERI= SWFROSUNH$, 'EI TOIOUTON 'ESTIN. 'IDWMEN GAR,
'EI BOULEI, SUGCWRHSANTE$ KAI 'EPISTASQAI 'EPISTHMHN DUNATON
'EINAI 'EIDENAI8, KAI "O= GE 'EX 'ARCH$ 'ETIQEMEQA SWFROSUNHN
'EINAI, TO 'EIDENAI "A TE 'OIDEN KAI "A MH 'OIDEN, MH
<P 172D>
'APOSTERHSWMEN, 'ALLA= DWMEN; KAI PANTA TAUTA DONTE$ 'ETI
BELTION SKEYWMEQA 'EI 'A=RA TI KAI "HMA$ 'ONHSEI2 TOIOUTON 'ON.
"A GAR NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN, "W$ MEGA 'AN4 'EIH 'AGAQON "H SWFROSUNH
'EI TOIOUTON 'EIH, "HGOUMENH DIOIKHSEW$ KAI 'OIKIA$ KAI POLEW$,
'OU MOI DOKOUMEN, 'W* KRITIA, KALW$ "WMOLOGHKENAI.
PW*$ DH: 'H*-D'-"O$.
"OTI4, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "RA\DIW$ "WMOLOGHSAMEN MEGA TI 'AGAQON
'EINAI TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ 'EI "EKASTOI "HMWN, "A MEN 'ISASIN, PRATTOIEN
TAUTA, "A DE MH 'EPISTAINTO, 'ALLOI$ PARADIDOIEN TOI$
'EPISTAMENOI$.
<P 172E>
'OUK-'OUN, 'EFH, KALW$ "WMOLOGHSAMEN:
'OU MOI DOKOUMEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
'ATOPA LEGEI$ "W$ 'ALHQW$, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$.
NH TON KUNA, 'EFHN, KAI 'EMOI4 TOI DOKEI0 "OUTW, 'KANTAUQA
KAI 'ARTI 'APOBLEYA$ 'ATOP' 'ATT' 'EFHN MOI PROFAINESQAI, KAI
"OTI4 FOBOIMHN MH 'OUK 'ORQW$ SKOPOIMEN. "W$ 'ALHQW$ GAR,
'EI "OTI2 MALISTA TOIOUTON 'ESTIN "H SWFROSUNH, 'OUDEN MOI


<P 173A>
DHLON 'EINAI DOKEI0 "OTI2 'AGAQON "HMA$ 'APERGAZETAI.
PW*$ DH: 'H*-D'-"O$. LEGE, "INA KAI "HMEI$ 'EIDWMEN "OTI2 LEGEI$.
'OIMAI MEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, LHREIN ME; "OMW$ TO GE PROFAINOMENON
'ANAGKAION SKOPEIN KAI MH 'EIKHI PARIENAI, 'EI TI$ GE
"AUTOU KAI SMIKRON KHDETAI.
KALW$ GAR, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
'AKOUE DH, 'EFHN, TO 'EMON 'ONAR, 'EITE DIA= KERATWN 'EITE
DI' 'ELEFANTO$ 'ELHLUQEN0. 'EI GAR "OTI2 MALISTA "HMWN 'ARCOI
"H SWFROSUNH, 'OUSA "OIAN NU*N "ORIZOMEQA, 'ALLO TI KATA TA$
<P 173B>
'EPISTHMA$ PANT' 'AN4 PRATTOITO, KAI-'OUTE TI$ KUBERNHTH$
FASKWN 'EINAI, 'WN DE 'OU=, 'EXAPATWI 'AN4 "HMA$, 'OUTE 'IATRO$ 'OUTE
STRATHGO$ 'OUT' 'ALLO$ 'OUDEI$, PROSPOIOUMENO$ TI 'EIDENAI
"O= MH 'OIDEN, LANQANOI 'AN4; 'EK DH TOUTWN "OUTW$ 'ECONTWN0 'ALLO
'AN4 "HMIN TI SUMBAINOI 'H= "UGIESIN TE TA SWMATA 'EINAI MALLON
'H= NU*N, KAI 'EN THI QALATTHI KINDUNEUONTA$ KAI 'EN POLEMWI
SWIZESQAI, KAI TA SKEUH KAI THN 'AMPECONHN KAI "UPODESIN
<P 173C>
PASAN KAI TA CRHMATA PANTA TECNIKW$ "HMIN 'EIRGASMENA
'EINAI KAI 'A=LLA POLLA DIA= TO 'ALHQINOI$ DHMIOURGOI$ CRHSQAI:
'EI DE BOULOIO GE, KAI THN MANTIKHN 'EINAI SUGCWRHSWMEN
'EPISTHMHN TOU* MELLONTO$ 'ESESQAI, KAI THN SWFROSUNHN,
'AUTH$ 'EPISTATOUSAN, TOU$ MEN 'ALAZONA$ 'APOTREPEIN, TOU$
DE "W$ 'ALHQW$ MANTEI$ KAQISTANAI "HMIN PROFHTA$ TWN MELLONTWN0.
KATESKEUASMENON DH "OUTW TO 'ANQRWPINON GENO$
<P 173D>
"OTI4 MEN 'EPISTHMONW$ 'AN4 PRATTOI KAI ZWIH, "EPOMAI % "H GAR
SWFROSUNH FULATTOUSA 'OUK 'AN4 'EWIH PAREMPIPTOUSAN THN
'ANEPISTHMOSUNHN SUNERGON "HMIN 'EINAI % "OTI4 D' 'EPISTHMONW$
'AN4 PRATTONTE$ 'EU 'AN4 PRATTOIMEN KAI 'EUDAIMONOIMEN, TOUTO
DE 'OUPW DUNAMEQA MAQEIN, 'W* FILE KRITIA.
'ALLA=-MENTOI, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'OU "RA\DIW$ "EURHSEI$ 'ALLO TI TELO$
TOU* 'EU PRATTEIN, 'EA=N TO 'EPISTHMONW$ 'ATIMASHI$.
SMIKRON TOINUN ME, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ETI PROSDIDAXON2. TI=NO$
'EPISTHMONW$ LEGEI$: 'H* SKUTWN TOMH$:
<P 173E>
MA DI=' 'OUK 'EGWGE.
'ALLA= CALKOU 'ERGASIA$:
'OUDAMW$.
'ALLA= 'ERIWN 'H= XULWN 'H= 'ALLOU TOU TWN TOIOUTWN:
'OU-DHTA.
'OUK-'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ETI 'EMMENOMEN TW*I LOGWI TW*I 'EUDAIMONA
'EINAI TON 'EPISTHMONW$ ZWNTA. "OUTOI GAR 'EPISTHMONW$
ZWNTE$ 'OUC "OMOLOGOUNTAI PARA SOU4 'EUDAIMONE$ 'EINAI, 'ALLA=
PERI= TINWN 'EPISTHMONW$ ZWNTA SU DOKEI$ MOI 'AFORIZESQAI
TON 'EUDAIMONA. KAI 'ISW$ LEGEI$ "ON NUNDH 'EGW 'ELEGON, TON


<P 174A>
'EIDOTA TA MELLONTA 'ESESQAI PANTA, TON MANTIN. TOUTON
'H= 'ALLON TINA LEGEI$:
KAI TOUTON 'EGWGE, 'EFH, KAI 'ALLON.
TI=NA: 'H*N-D'-'EGW. 'A*RA MH TON TOIONDE, 'EI TI$ PRO$ TOI$
MELLOUSIN4 KAI TA GEGONOTA PANTA 'EIDEIH KAI TA NU*N 'ONTA,
KAI MHDEN 'AGNOOI: QWMEN GAR TINA 'EINAI 'AUTON. 'OU-GAR
'OIMAI TOUTOU GE 'ETI 'AN4 'EIPOI$ 'OUDENA 'EPISTHMONESTERON
ZWNTA 'EINAI.
'OU-DHTA.
TODE DH 'ETI PROSPOQW0, TI=$ 'AUTON TWN 'EPISTHMWN POIEI0
'EUDAIMONA: 'H= "APASAI "OMOIW$:
'OUDAMW$ "OMOIW$, 'EFH.
<P 174B>
'ALLA= POI=A MALISTA: "H*I TI= 'OIDEN KAI TWN 'ONTWN0 KAI TWN
GEGONOTWN KAI TWN MELLONTWN0 'ESESQAI: 'A*RA-GE "HI TO
PETTEUTIKON:
POI*ON, 'H*-D'-"O$, PETTEUTIKON:
'ALL' "HI TO LOGISTIKON:
'OUDAMW$.
'ALL' "HI TO "UGIEINON:
MALLON, 'EFH.
'EKEINH D' "HN LEGW0 MALISTA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "HI TI=:
"HI TO 'AGAQON, 'EFH, KAI TO KAKON.
'W* MIARE, 'EFHN 'EGW, PALAI ME PERIELKEI$ KUKLWI 'APOKRUPTOMENO$
"OTI4 'OU TO 'EPISTHMONW$ 'H*N ZHN TO 'EU PRATTEIN
<P 174C>
TE-KAI 'EUDAIMONEIN POIOUN, 'OUDE SUMPASWN TWN 'ALLWN
'EPISTHMWN, 'ALLA= MIA$ 'OUSH$ TAUTH$ MONON TH$ PERI= TO
'AGAQON TE-KAI KAKON. 'EPEI, 'W* KRITIA, 'EI 'QELEI$ 'EXELEIN
TAUTHN THN 'EPISTHMHN 'EK TWN 'ALLWN 'EPISTHMWN, "HTTON TI
"H MEN 'IATRIKH "UGIAINEIN POIHSEI2, "H DE SKUTIKH "UPODEDESQAI,
"H DE "UFANTIKH 'HMFIESQAI, "H DE KUBERNHTIKH KWLUSEI2 'EN THI
QALATTHI 'APOQNHISKEIN KAI "H STRATHGIKH 'EN POLEMWI:
'OUDEN "HTTON, 'EFH.
'ALL', 'W* FILE KRITIA, TO 'EU GE TOUTWN "EKASTA GIGNESQAI
<P 174D>
KAI 'WFELIMW$ 'APOLELOIPO$ "HMA$ 'ESTAI TAUTH$ 'APOUSH$.
'ALHQH LEGEI$.
'OUC "AU=TH DE-GE, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'ESTIN "H SWFROSUNH, 'ALL' "H$
'ERGON 'ESTIN TO 'WFELEIN "HMA$. 'OU-GAR 'EPISTHMWN GE-KAI
'ANEPISTHMOSUNWN "H 'EPISTHMH 'ESTIN, 'ALLA= 'AGAQOU TE-KAI
KAKOU; "WSTE 'EI "AU=TH 'ESTIN 'WFELIMO$, "H SWFROSUNH 'ALLO
TI 'AN4 'EIH "H8 'WFELIMH8 "HMIN.
TI= D', 'H*-D'-"O$, 'OUK 'AN4 "AU=TH 'WFELOI: 'EI GAR "OTI2 MALISTA
TWN 'EPISTHMWN 'EPISTHMH 'ESTIN "H SWFROSUNH, 'EPISTATEI0
<P 174E>
DE-KAI TAI$ 'ALLAI$ 'EPISTHMAI$, KAI TAUTH$ DHPOU 'AN4 'ARCOUSA
TH$ PERI= 'TAGAQON 'EPISTHMH$ 'WFELOI 'AN4 "HMA$.
'H* 'KAN4 "UGIAINEIN POIOI*, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "AU=TH, 'ALL' 'OUC "H
'IATRIKH: KAI 'TALLA TA TWN TECNWN "AU=TH 'AN4 POIOI*, KAI 'OUC
"AI 'ALLAI TO "AUTH$ 'ERGON "EKASTH: 'H= 'OU PALAI DIEMARTUROMEQA
"OTI4 'EPISTHMH$ MONON 'ESTIN KAI 'ANEPISTHMOSUNH$
'EPISTHMH, 'ALLOU DE 'OUDENO$; 'OUC "OUTW:
FAINETAI GE.
'OUK-'A=RA "UGIEIA$ 'ESTAI DHMIOURGO$:
'OU-DHTA.


<P 175A>
'ALLH$ GAR 'H*N TECNH$ "UGIEIA; 'H= 'OU=:
'ALLH$.
'OUD'-'A=RA 'WFELIA$, 'W* "ETAIRE; 'ALLHI GAR 'AU 'APEDOMEN
TOUTO TO 'ERGON TECNHI NUNDH; 'H*-GAR:
PANU GE.
PW*$ 'OUN 'WFELIMO$ 'ESTAI "H SWFROSUNH, 'OUDEMIA$ 'WFELIA$
'OUSA DHMIOURGO$:
'OUDAMW$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EOIKEN0 GE.
"ORA*I$0 'OUN, 'W* KRITIA, "W$ 'EGW PALAI 'EIKOTW$ 'EDEDOIKH
KAI DIKAIW$ 'EMAUTON 'HITIWMHN "OTI4 'OUDEN CRHSTON PERI= SWFROSUNH$
SKOPW0: 'OU-GAR 'AN4 POU "O= GE KALLISTON PANTWN
<P 175B>
"OMOLOGEITAI 'EINAI, TOUTO "HMIN 'ANWFELE$ 'EFANH, 'EI TI 'EMOU4
'OFELO$ 'H*N PRO$ TO KALW$ ZHTEIN. NU*N DE PANTACHI GAR
"HTTWMEQA0, KAI 'OU DUNAMEQA "EUREIN 'EF' "OTWI POTE TWN 'ONTWN0
"O NOMOQETH$ TOUTO 'TOUNOMA 'EQETO, THN SWFROSUNHN. KAITOI
POLLA GE SUGKECWRHKAMEN 'OU SUMBAINONQ' "HMIN 'EN TW*I LOGWI.
KAI-GAR 'EPISTHMHN 'EPISTHMH$ 'EINAI SUNECWRHSAMEN, 'OUK
'EWNTO$ TOU* LOGOU 'OUDE FASKONTO$ 'EINAI; KAI TAUTHI 'AU THI
'EPISTHMHI KAI TA TWN 'ALLWN 'EPISTHMWN 'ERGA GIGNWSKEIN
<P 175C>
SUNECWRHSAMEN, 'OUDE TOUT' 'EWNTO$ TOU* LOGOU, "INA DH "HMIN
GENOITO "O SWFRWN 'EPISTHMWN "WN TE 'OIDEN "OTI4 'OIDEN, KAI
"WN MH 'OIDEN "OTI4 'OUK 'OIDEN. TOUTO MEN-DH-KAI PANTAPASI
MEGALOPREPW$ SUNECWRHSAMEN, 'OUD' 'EPISKEYAMENOI TO 'ADUNATON
'EINAI "A TI$ MH 'OIDEN MHDAMW$, TAUTA 'EIDENAI "AMW$
GE PW$; "OTI3 GAR 'OUK 'OIDEN, FHSIN 'AUTA 'EIDENAI "H "HMETE=RA
"OMOLOGIA. KAITOI, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, 'OUDENO$ "OTOU 'OUCI 'ALOGWTERON
TOUT' 'AN4 FANEIH. 'ALL' "OMW$ "OUTW$ "HMWN 'EUHQIKWN
<P 175D>
TUCOUSA "H ZHTHSI$ KAI 'OU SKLHRWN, 'OUDEN TI MALLON "EUREIN
DUNATAI THN 'ALHQEIAN, 'ALLA= TOSOUTON KATEGELASEN 'AUTH$,
"WSTE "O= "HMEI$ PALAI SUNOMOLOGOUNTE$ KAI SUMPLATTONTE$
'ETIQEMEQA SWFROSUNHN 'EINAI, TOUTO "HMIN PANU "UBRISTIKW$
'ANWFELE$ 'ON 'APEFAINE. TO MEN-'OUN 'EMON KAI "HTTON 'AGANAKTW0.
"UPER DE SOU4, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* CARMIDH, PANU 'AGANAKTW0,
'EI SU TOIOUTO$ 'WN THN 'IDEAN KAI PRO$ TOUTWI THN YUCHN
<P 175E>
SWFRONESTATO$, MHDEN 'ONHSHI2 'APO TAUTH$ TH$ SWFROSUNH$
MHDE TI S' 'WFELHSEI2 'EN TW*I BIWI PAROUSA. 'ETI DE MALLON
'AGANAKTW0 "UPER TH$ 'EPWIDH$ "HN PARA TOU* QRA\KO$ 'EMAQON,
'EI MHDENO$ 'AXIOU PRAGMATO$ 'OUSAN 'AUTHN META POLLH$
SPOUDH$ 'EMANQANON. TAUT' 'OUN PANU MEN-'OUN8 'OUK 'OIOMAI
"OUTW$ 'ECEIN, 'ALL' 'EME FAULON 'EINAI ZHTHTHN; 'EPEI THN GE
SWFROSUNHN MEGA TI 'AGAQON 'EINAI, KAI 'EIPER GE 'ECEI$ 'AUTO,


<P 176A>
MAKARION 'EINAI SE. 'ALL' "ORA 'EI 'ECEI$ TE-KAI MHDEN DEHI0
TH$ 'EPWIDH$; 'EI GAR 'ECEI$, MALLON 'AN4 'EGWGE SOI4 SUMBOULEUSAIMI
'EME MEN LHRON "HGEISQAI 'EINAI KAI 'ADUNATON LOGWI
"OTIOUN ZHTEIN, SEAUTON DE, "OSWIPER SWFRONESTERO$ 'EI*,
TOSOUTWI 'EINAI KAI 'EUDAIMONESTERON.
KAI "O CARMIDH$, 'ALLA= MA DI=', 'H*-D'-"O$, 'EGWGE, 'W* SWKRATE$
'OUK 'OIDA 'OUT' 'EI 'ECW0 'OUT' 'EI MH 'ECW0; PW*$ GAR 'AN4
'EIDEIHN "O= GE MHD' "UMEI$ "OIOI-TE-'ESTE0 'EXEUREIN "OTI2 POT' 'ESTIN,
<P 176B>
"W$ FH=I$ SU: 'EGW MENTOI 'OU PANU SOI4 PEIQOMAI, KAI 'EMAUTON,
'W* SWKRATE$, PANU 'OIMAI DEISQAI TH$ 'EPWIDH$, KAI TO G' 'EMON
'OUDEN KWLUEI0 'EPA\DESQAI "UPO SOU4 "OSAI "HMERAI, "EW$ 'AN4 FH*I$
SU "IKANW$ 'ECEIN.
'EIEN; 'ALL', 'EFH "O KRITIA$, 'W* CARMIDH, 'H=N7 DRA*I$2 TOUTO
'EMOIG' 'ESTAI TOUTO TEKMHRION "OTI4 SWFRONEI$, 'H=N 'EPA\DEIN
PARECHI$ SWKRATEI KAI MH 'APOLEIPHI3 TOUTOU MHTE MEGA MHTE
SMIKRON.
"W$ 'AKOLOUQHSONTO$, 'EFH, KAI MH 'APOLEIYOMENOU; DEINA
<P 176C>
GAR 'AN4 POIOIHN, 'EI MH PEIQOIMHN SOI4 TW*I 'EPITROPWI KAI MH
POIOIHN "A KELEUEI$.
'ALLA=-MHN, 'EFH, KELEUW0 'EGWGE.
POIHSW2 TOINUN, 'EFH, 'APO TAUTHSI TH$ "HMERA$ 'ARXAMENO$.
"OUTOI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TI= BOULEUESQON0 POIEIN:
'OUDEN, 'EFH "O CARMIDH$, 'ALLA= BEBOULEUMEQA.
BIASHI2 'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI-'OUD' 'ANAKRISIN MOI DWSEI$:
"W$ BIASOMENOU, 'EFH, 'EPEIDHPER "ODE GE 'EPITATTEI0; PRO$
TAUTA SU 'AU BOULEUOU "OTI2 POIHSEI$.
<P 176D>
'ALL' 'OUDEMIA, 'EFHN 'EGW, LEIPETAI BOULH; SOI4 GAR
'EPICEIROUNTI PRATTEIN "OTIOUN KAI BIAZOMENWI 'OUDEI$ "OIO$-T'-'ESTAI
'ENANTIOUSQAI 'ANQRWPWN.
MH-TOINUN, 'H*-D'-"O$, MHDE SU 'ENANTIOU.
'OU-TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ENANTIWSOMAI.


<B KRITW>


<P 43A>
SW _ TI= THNIKADE 'AFIXAI, 'W* KRITWN: 'H= 'OU PRWI 'ETI 'ESTIN:
KR _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ PHNIKA MALISTA:
KR _ 'ORQRO$ BAQU$.
SW _ QAUMAZW0 "OPW$ 'HQELHSE SOI4 "O TOU* DESMWTHRIOU
FULAX "UPAKOUSAI0.
KR _ SUNHQH$ 'HDH MOI 'ESTIN, 'W* SWKRATE$, DIA= TO POLLAKI$
DEURO FOITAN, KAI TI KAI 'EUERGETHTAI "UP' 'EMOU4.
SW _ 'ARTI DE "HKEI$ 'H= PALAI:
KR _ 'EPIEIKW$ PALAI.
<P 43B>
SW _ 'EITA PW*$ 'OUK 'EUQU$ 'EPHGEIRA$ ME, 'ALLA= SIGHI
PARAKAQHSAI:
KR _ 'OU MA TON DI=A, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUD' 'AN4 'AUTO$ 'HQELON
'EN TOSAUTHI TE 'AGRUPNIA\ KAI LUPHI 'EINAI, 'ALLA=-KAI SOU4 PALAI
QAUMAZW0 'AISQANOMENO$ "W$ "HDEW$ KAQEUDEI$; KAI 'EPITHDE$ SE
'OUK 'HGEIRON "INA "W$ "HDISTA DIAGHI$. KAI POLLAKI$ MEN-DH SE
KAI PROTERON 'EN PANTI TW*I BIWI 'HUDAIMONISA TOU* TROPOU, POLU
DE MALISTA 'EN THI NU*N PARESTWSHI SUMFORA*I, "W$ "RA\DIW$ 'AUTHN
KAI PRA\W$ FEREI$.
SW _ KAI-GAR 'AN4, 'W* KRITWN, PLHMMELE$ 'EIH 'AGANAKTEIN
THLIKOUTON 'ONTA 'EI DEI 'HDH TELEUTAN.
<P 43C>
KR _ KAI 'ALLOI, 'W* SWKRATE$, THLIKOUTOI 'EN TOIAUTAI$
SUMFORAI$ "ALISKONTAI, 'ALL' 'OUDEN 'AUTOU$ 'EPILUETAI "H "HLIKIA
TO MH 'OUCI 'AGANAKTEIN THI PAROUSHI TUCHI.
SW _ 'ESTI TAUTA. 'ALLA= TI= DH "OUTW PRWI 'AFIXAI:
KR _ 'AGGELIAN, 'W* SWKRATE$, FERWN CALEPHN, 'OU SOI4, "W$
'EMOI4 FAINETAI, 'ALL' 'EMOI4 KAI TOI$ SOI$ 'EPITHDEIOI$ PASIN KAI
CALEPHN KAI BAREIAN, "HN 'EGW, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKW0, 'EN TOI$ BARUTAT'
'AN4 'ENEGKAIMI.
SW _ TI=NA TAUTHN: 'H= TO PLOION 'AFIKTAI 'EK DHLOU2, "OU DEI
<P 43D>
'AFIKOMENOU TEQNANAI ME:
KR _ 'OUTOI-DH 'AFIKTAI, 'ALLA= DOKEIN MEN MOI "HXEI2 THMERON
'EX "WN 'APAGGELLOUSIN0 "HKONTE$ TINE$ 'APO SOUNIOU KAI
KATALIPONTE$ 'EKEI 'AUTO. DHLON 'OUN 'EK TOUTWN TWN8 'AGGELWN8
"OTI4 "HXEI2 THMERON, KAI 'ANAGKH DH 'EI$ 'AURION 'ESTAI, 'W*
SWKRATE$, TON BION SE TELEUTAN.
SW _ 'ALL', 'W* KRITWN, TUCHI 'AGAQHI 'EI TAUTHI TOI$ QEOI$
FILON, TAUTHI 'ESTW; 'OU-MENTOI 'OIMAI "HXEIN 'AUTO THMERON.


<P 44A>
KR _ PO=QEN TOUTO TEKMAIRHI0:
SW _ 'EGW SOI4 'ERW2. THI GAR-POU "USTERAIA\ DEI ME 'APOQNHISKEIN
'H= "HI 'AN4 'ELQHI TO PLOION.
KR _ FASI0 GE-TOI-DH "OI TOUTWN KURIOI.
SW _ 'OU-TOINUN TH$ 'EPIOUSH$ "HMERA$ 'OIMAI 'AUTO "HXEIN
'ALLA= TH$ "ETERA$. TEKMAIROMAI DE 'EK TINO$ 'ENUPNIOU "O= "EWRAKA
'OLIGON PROTERON TAUTH$ TH$ NUKTO$; KAI KINDUNEUEI$ 'EN
KAIRWI TINI 'OUK 'EGEIRAI0 ME.
KR _ 'H*N DE-DH TI= TO 'ENUPNION:
SW _ 'EDOKEI TI$ MOI GUNH PROSELQOUSA KALH KAI 'EUEIDH$,
<P 44B>
LEUKA "IMATIA 'ECOUSA, KALESAI0 ME KAI 'EIPEIN; 'W* SWKRATE$,
'HMATI9 KEN9 TRITATWI9 FQIHN9 'ERIBWLON9 "IKOIO9.
KR _ 'ATOPON TO 'ENUPNION, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'ENARGE$ MEN-'OUN, "W$ GE MOI DOKEI0, 'W* KRITWN.
KR _ LIAN GE, "W$ 'EOIKEN0. 'ALL', 'W* DAIMONIE SWKRATE$,
'ETI KAI NU*N 'EMOI4 PIQOU KAI SWQHTI; "W$ 'EMOI4, 'EA=N SU 'APOQANHI$,
'OU MIA SUMFORA 'ESTIN, 'ALLA= CWRI$ MEN TOU* 'ESTERHSQAI
TOIOUTOU 'EPITHDEIOU "OION 'EGW 'OUDENA MH POTE "EURHSW,
'ETI DE-KAI POLLOI$ DOXW2, "OI= 'EME KAI SE MH SAFW$ 'ISASIN,
<P 44C>
"W$ "OIO$-T'-'WN SE SWIZEIN 'EI 'HQELON 'ANALISKEIN CRHMATA,
'AMELHSAI0. KAITOI TI=$ 'AN4 'AISCIWN 'EIH TAUTH$ DOXA 'H= DOKEIN
CRHMATA PERI= PLEIONO$ POIEISQAI 'H= FILOU$: 'OU-GAR PEISONTAI
"OI POLLOI "W$ SU 'AUTO$ 'OUK 'HQELHSA$ 'APIENAI 'ENQENDE
"HMWN PROQUMOUMENWN.
SW _ 'ALLA= TI= "HMI*N, 'W* MAKARIE KRITWN, "OUTW TH$ TWN
POLLWN DOXH$ MELEI0: "OI GAR 'EPIEIKESTATOI, "WN MALLON 'AXION
FRONTIZEIN, "HGHSONTAI 'AUTA "OUTW PEPRACQAI "WSPER 'AN4
PRACQHI.
<P 44D>
KR _ 'ALL' "ORA*I$0 DH "OTI4 'ANAGKH, 'W* SWKRATE$, KAI TH$ TWN
POLLWN DOXH$ MELEIN. 'AUTA DE DHLA TA PARONTA NUNI "OTI4 "OIOI-T'-'EISIN
"OI POLLOI 'OU TA SMIKROTATA TWN KAKWN 'EXERGAZESQAI
'ALLA= TA MEGISTA SCEDON, 'EA=N TI$ 'EN 'AUTOI$
DIABEBLHMENO$-'HI.
SW _ 'EI-GAR 'WFELON, 'W* KRITWN, "OIOI-T'-'EINAI "OI POLLOI
TA MEGISTA KAKA 'ERGAZESQAI, "INA "OIOI-T'-'HSAN KAI 'AGAQA TA
MEGISTA, KAI KALW$ 'AN4 'EICEN. NU*N DE 'OUDE=TERA "OIOI-TE. 'OUTE-GAR
FRONIMON 'OUTE 'AFRONA DUNATOI POIHSAI0, POIOUSI0 DE TOUTO
"OTI2 'AN4 TUCWSI.
<P 44E>
KR _ TAUTA MEN-DH "OUTW$ 'ECETW; TADE DE, 'W* SWKRATE$,
'EIPE= MOI. 'A*RA-GE MH 'EMOU4 PROMHQHI0 KAI TWN 'ALLWN 'EPITHDEIWN
MH, 'EA=N SU 'ENQENDE 'EXELQHI$, "OI SUKOFANTAI "HMIN
PRAGMATA PARECWSIN "W$ SE 'ENQENDE 'EKKLEYASIN, KAI 'ANAGKASQWMEN
'H=-KAI PASAN THN 'OUSIAN 'APOBALEIN2 'H= SUCNA
CRHMATA, 'H=-KAI 'ALLO TI PRO$ TOUTOI$ PAQEIN: 'EI GAR TI


<P 45A>
TOIOUTON FOBHI0, 'EASON2 'AUTO CAIREIN; "HMEI$ GAR-POU DIKAIOI
'ESMEN SWSANTE$ SE KINDUNEUEIN TOUTON TON KINDUNON KAI 'EA=N
DEHI5 'ETI TOUTOU MEIZW. 'ALL' 'EMOI4 PEIQOU KAI MH 'ALLW$ POIEI5.
SW _ KAI TAUTA PROMHQOUMAI, 'W* KRITWN, KAI 'A=LLA
POLLA.
KR _ MHTE-TOINUN TAUTA FOBOU % KAI-GAR-'OUDE POLU
'TARGURION 'ESTIN "O= QELOUSI0 LABONTE$ TINE$ SWSAI0 SE KAI 'EXAGAGEIN
'ENQENDE. 'EPEITA 'OUC "ORA\$0 TOUTOU$ TOU$ SUKOFANTA$
"W$ 'EUTELEI$, KAI 'OUDEN 'AN4 DEOI 'EP' 'AUTOU$ POLLOU 'ARGURIOU:
<P 45B>
SOI4 DE "UPARCEI0 MEN TA 'EMA CRHMATA, "W$ 'EGW 'OIMAI, "IKANA;
'EPEITA KAI 'EI TI 'EMOU4 KHDOMENO$ 'OUK 'OIEI DEIN 'ANALISKEIN
'TAMA, XENOI "OUTOI 'ENQADE "ETOIMOI 'ANALISKEIN; "EI$ DE-KAI
KEKOMIKEN0 'EP' 'AUTO TOUTO 'ARGURION "IKANON, SIMMIA$ "O QHBAIO$,
"ETOIMO$ DE-KAI KEBH$ KAI 'ALLOI POLLOI PANU.
"WSTE, "OPER LEGW0, MHTE TAUTA FOBOUMENO$ 'APOKAMHI$ SAUTON
SWSAI0, MHTE, "O= 'ELEGE$ 'EN TW*I DIKASTHRIWI, DUSCERE$ SOI4
GENESQW "OTI4 'OUK 'AN4 'ECOI$ 'EXELQWN "OTI2 CRWIO SAUTWI; POLLACOU
<P 45C>
MEN-GAR-KAI 'ALLOSE "OPOI 'AN4 'AFIKHI4 'AGAPHSOUSI2 SE;
'EA=N DE BOULHI3 'EI$ QETTALIAN 'IENAI, 'EISIN 'EMOI4 'EKEI XENOI "OI=
SE PERI= POLLOU POIHSONTAI KAI 'ASFALEIAN SOI4 PAREXONTAI,
"WSTE SE MHDENA LUPEIN TWN KATA QETTALIAN.
'ETI DE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUDE DIKAION MOI DOKEI$ 'EPICEIREIN
PRAGMA, SAUTON PRODOUNAI, 'EXON SWQHNAI, KAI TOIAUTA SPEUDEI$
PERI= SAUTON GENESQAI "APER 'AN4 KAI "OI 'ECQROI SOU4 SPEUSAIEN
TE-KAI 'ESPEUSAN SE DIAFQEIRAI0 BOULOMENOI. PRO$ DE TOUTOI$
KAI TOU$ "UEI$ TOU$ SAUTOU 'EMOIGE DOKEI$ PRODIDONAI, "OU$ SOI4
<P 45D>
'EXON KAI 'EKQREYAI0 KAI 'EKPAIDEUSAI0 'OICHSHI KATALIPWN, KAI
TO SON MERO$ "OTI2 'AN4 TUCWSI TOUTO PRAXOUSIN2; TEUXONTAI DE,
"W$ TO 'EIKO$, TOIOUTWN "OIAPER 'EIWQEN0 GIGNESQAI 'EN TAI$
'ORFANIAI$ PERI= TOU$ 'ORFANOU$. 'H= GAR 'OU CRH POIEISQAI
PAIDA$ 'H= SUNDIATALAIPWREIN KAI TREFONTA KAI PAIDEUONTA, SU
DE MOI DOKEI$ TA "RA\QUMOTATA "AIREISQAI. CRH DE, "APER 'AN4 'ANHR
'AGAQO$ KAI 'ANDREIO$ "ELOITO, TAUTA "AIREISQAI, FASKONTA GE-DH
'ARETH$ DIA= PANTO$ TOU* BIOU 'EPIMELEISQAI; "W$ 'EGWGE KAI
<P 45E>
"UPER SOU4 KAI "UPER "HMWN TWN SWN 'EPITHDEIWN 'AISCUNOMAI MH
DOXHI6 "APAN TO PRAGMA TO PERI= SE 'ANANDRIA\ TINI THI "HMETERA\
PEPRACQAI, KAI "H 'EISODO$ TH$ DIKH$ 'EI$ TO DIKASTHRION "W$
'EISHLQEN 'EXON MH 'EISELQEIN, KAI 'AUTO$ "O 'AGWN TH$ DIKH$
"W$ 'EGENETO, KAI TO TELEUTAION DH TOUTI, "WSPER KATAGELW$
TH$ PRAXEW$, KAKIA\ TINI KAI 'ANANDRIA\ THI "HMETERA\ DIAPEFEUGENAI


<P 46A>
"HMA$ DOKEIN, "OITINE$ SE 'OUCI 'ESWSAMEN 'OUDE SU SAUTON,
"OION-TE-'ON KAI DUNATON 'EI TI KAI MIKRON "HMWN 'OFELO$ 'H*N.
TAUTA 'OUN, 'W* SWKRATE$, "ORA MH "AMA TW*I KAKWI KAI 'AISCRA 'HI
SOI4 TE-KAI "HMIN. 'ALLA= BOULEUOU % MALLON DE-'OUDE BOULEUESQAI
'ETI "WRA 'ALLA= BEBOULEUSQAI % MIA DE BOULH; TH$
GAR 'EPIOUSH$ NUKTO$ PANTA TAUTA DEI PEPRACQAI, 'EI D' 'ETI
PERIMENOUMEN, 'ADUNATON KAI 'OUKETI "OION-TE. 'ALLA= PANTI
TROPWI, 'W* SWKRATE$, PEIQOU MOI KAI MHDAMW$ 'ALLW$ POIEI5.
<P 46B>
SW _ 'W* FILE KRITWN, "H PROQUMIA SOU4 POLLOU 'AXI=A 'EI
META TINO$ 'ORQOTHTO$ 'EIH; 'EI DE MH, "OSWI MEIZWN TOSOUTWI
CALEPWTERA. SKOPEISQAI 'OUN CRH "HMA$ 'EITE TAUTA PRAKTEON
'EITE MH; "W$ 'EGW 'OU NU*N PRWTON 'ALLA=-KAI 'AEI TOIOUTO$ "OIO$
TWN 'EMWN MHDENI 'ALLWI PEIQESQAI 'H= TW*I LOGWI "O$ 'AN4 MOI
LOGIZOMENWI BELTISTO$ FAINHTAI. TOU$ DH LOGOU$ "OU$ 'EN TW*I
'EMPROSQEN 'ELEGON 'OU DUNAMAI NU*N 'EKBALEIN2, 'EPEIDH MOI
"HDE "H TUCH GEGONEN0, 'ALLA= SCEDON TI "OMOIOI FAINONTAI MOI,
<P 46C>
KAI TOU$ 'AUTOU$ PRESBEUW0 KAI TIMW0 "OUSPER KAI PROTERON;
"WN 'EA=N MH BELTIW 'ECWMEN LEGEIN 'EN TW*I PARONTI, 'EU 'ISQI
"OTI4 'OU MH SOI4 SUGCWRHSW42, 'OUD' 'AN2 PLEIW TWN NU*N PARONTWN0
"H TWN POLLWN DUNAMI$ "WSPER PAIDA$ "HMA$ MORMOLUTTHTAI,
DESMOU$ KAI QANATOU$ 'EPIPEMPOUSA KAI CRHMATWN
'AFAIRESEI$. PW*$ 'OUN 'AN4 METRIWTATA SKOPOIMEQA 'AUTA: 'EI
PRWTON MEN TOUTON TON LOGON 'ANALABOIMEN, "ON SU LEGEI$
PERI= TWN DOXWN. POTERON KALW$ 'ELEGETO "EKASTOTE 'H= 'OU=,
<P 46D>
"OTI4 TAI$ MEN DEI TWN DOXWN PROSECEIN TON NOUN, TAI$
DE 'OU=: 'H= PRIN MEN 'EME DEIN 'APOQNHISKEIN KALW$ 'ELEGETO,
NU*N DE KATADHLO$ 'A=RA 'EGENETO "OTI4 'ALLW$ "ENEKA LOGOU
'ELEGETO, 'H*N DE PAIDIA KAI FLUARIA "W$ 'ALHQW$: 'EPIQUMW0
D' 'EGWG' 'EPISKEYASQAI, 'W* KRITWN, KOINHI META SOU4 'EI TI
MOI 'ALLOIOTERO$ FANEITAI, 'EPEIDH "WDE 'ECW0, 'H= "O 'AUTO$,
KAI 'EASOMEN CAIREIN 'H= PEISOMEQA 'AUTWI. 'ELEGETO DE PW$,
"W$ 'EGWIMAI, "EKASTOTE "WDE "UPO TWN 'OIOMENWN TI LEGEIN,
"WSPER NUNDH 'EGW 'ELEGON, "OTI4 TWN DOXWN "A$ "OI 'ANQRWPOI
<P 46E>
DOXAZOUSIN0 DEOI TA$ MEN PERI= POLLOU POIEISQAI, TA$ DE MH.
TOUTO PRO$ QEWN, 'W* KRITWN, 'OU DOKEI0 KALW$ SOI4 LEGESQAI?&
SU GAR, "OSA GE 'TANQRW=PEIA, 'EKTO$ 'EI* TOU* MELLEIN 'APOQNHISKEIN


<P 47A>
'AURION, KAI 'OUK 'AN4 SE PARAKROUOI "H PAROUSA SUMFORA;
SKOPEI5 DH % 'OUC "IKANW$ DOKEI0 SOI4 LEGESQAI "OTI4 'OU
PASA$ CRH TA$ DOXA$ TWN 'ANQRWPWN TIMAN 'ALLA= TA$ MEN,
TA$ D' 'OU= 'OUDE PANTWN 'ALLA= TWN MEN, TWN D' 'OU=: TI= FH=I$:
TAUTA 'OUCI KALW$ LEGETAI:
KR _ KALW$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TA$ MEN CRHSTA$ TIMAN, TA$ DE PONHRA$ MH:
KR _ NAI.
SW _ CRHSTAI DE 'OUC "AI TWN FRONIMWN, PONHRAI DE "AI
TWN 'AFRONWN:
KR _ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
SW _ FERE DH, PW*$ 'AU TA TOIAUTA 'ELEGETO: GUMNAZOMENO$
<P 47B>
'ANHR KAI TOUTO PRATTWN POTERON PANTO$ 'ANDRO$ 'EPAINWI KAI
YOGWI KAI DOXHI TON NOUN PROSECEI0, 'H= "ENO$ MONOU 'EKEINOU "O$
'AN4 TUGCANHI5 'IATRO$ 'H= PAIDOTRIBH$ 'WN:
KR _ "ENO$ MONOU.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N FOBEISQAI CRH TOU$ YOGOU$ KAI 'ASPAZESQAI
TOU$ 'EPAINOU$ TOU$ TOU* "ENO$ 'EKEINOU 'ALLA= MH TOU$ TWN
POLLWN.
KR _ DHLA DH.
SW _ TAUTHI 'A=RA 'AUTWI PRAKTEON KAI GUMNASTEON KAI
'EDESTEON GE-KAI POTEON, "H*I 'AN4 TW*I "ENI DOKHI5 TW*I 'EPISTATHI KAI
'EPAIONTI, MALLON 'H= "HI SUMPASI TOI$ 'ALLOI$.
KR _ 'ESTI TAUTA.
<P 47C>
SW _ 'EIEN. 'APEIQHSA$ DE TW*I "ENI KAI 'ATIMASA$ 'AUTOU4 THN
DOXAN KAI TOU$ 'EPAINOU$, TIMHSA$ DE TOU$ TWN POLLWN LOGOU$8
KAI MHDEN 'EPAIONTWN0, 'A*RA 'OUDEN KAKON PEISETAI:
KR _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ TI= D' 'ESTI TO KAKON TOUTO, KAI POI* TEINEI0, KAI 'EI$
TI= TWN TOU* 'APEIQOUNTO$:
KR _ DHLON "OTI4 'EI$ TO SWMA; TOUTO GAR DIOLLUSI0.
SW _ KALW$ LEGEI$. 'OUKOU*N KAI 'TALLA, 'W* KRITWN, "OUTW$,
"INA MH PANTA DIIWMEN, KAI-DH-KAI PERI= TWN DIKAIWN KAI
'ADIKWN KAI 'AISCRWN KAI KALWN KAI 'AGAQWN KAI KAKWN, PERI=
"WN NU*N "H BOULH "HMIN 'ESTIN, POTERON THI TWN POLLWN DOXHI
<P 47D>
DEI "HMA$ "EPESQAI KAI FOBEISQAI 'AUTHN 'H= THI TOU* "ENO$, 'EI TI$
'ESTIN 'EPAIWN, "ON DEI KAI 'AISCUNESQAI KAI FOBEISQAI MALLON
'H= SUMPANTA$ TOU$ 'ALLOU$: "WI 'EI MH 'AKOLOUQHSOMEN, DIAFQEROUMEN
'EKEINO KAI LWBHSOMEQA, "O= TW*I MEN DIKAIWI BELTION
'EGIGNETO TW*I DE 'ADIKWI 'APWLLUTO. 'H= 'OUDEN 'ESTI TOUTO:
KR _ 'OIMAI 'EGWGE, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ FERE DH, 'EA=N TO "UPO TOU* "UGIENOU MEN BELTION
GIGNOMENON, "UPO TOU* NOSWDOU$ DE DIAFQEIROMENON DIOLESWMEN
PEIQOMENOI MH THI TWN 'EPAIONTWN0 DOXHI, 'A*RA BIWTON "HMIN 'ESTIN
<P 47E>
DIEFQARMENOU 'AUTOU4: 'ESTI DE-POU TOUTO SWMA; 'H= 'OUCI:
KR _ NAI.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN BIWTON "HMIN 'ESTIN META MOCQHROU KAI
DIEFQARMENOU SWMATO$:
KR _ 'OUDAMW$.
SW _ 'ALLA= MET' 'EKEINOU 'A=R' "HMIN BIWTON DIEFQARMENOU,
"WI TO 'ADIKON MEN LWBATAI0, TO DE DIKAION 'ONINHSIN: 'H= FAULOTERON
"HGOUMEQA0 'EINAI TOU* SWMATO$ 'EKEINO, "OTI2 POT' 'ESTI TWN


<P 48A>
"HMETERWN, PERI= "O= "H TE 'ADIKIA KAI "H DIKAIOSUNH 'ESTIN:
KR _ 'OUDAMW$.
SW _ 'ALLA= TIMIWTERON:
KR _ POLU GE.
SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA, 'W* BELTISTE, PANU "HMIN "OUTW FRONTISTEON
TI= 'EROUSIN2 "OI POLLOI "HMA$, 'ALL' "OTI2 "O 'EPAIWN PERI= TWN
DIKAIWN KAI 'ADIKWN, "O "EI$ KAI 'AUTH "H 'ALHQEIA. "WSTE PRWTON
MEN TAUTHI 'OUK 'ORQW$ 'EISHGHI0, 'EISHGOUMENO$ TH$ TWN POLLWN
DOXH$ DEIN "HMA$ FRONTIZEIN PERI= TWN DIKAIWN KAI KALWN KAI
'AGAQWN KAI TWN 'ENANTIWN. 'ALLA=-MEN-DH, FAIH G' 'AN4
TI$, "OIOI-TE-'EISIN "HMA$ "OI POLLOI 'APOKTEINUNAI.
<P 48B>
KR _ DHLA DH-KAI TAUTA; FAIH GAR 'AN4, 'W* SWKRATE$.
'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW _ 'ALL', 'W* QAUMASIE, "OUTO$ TE "O LOGO$ "ON DIELHLUQAMEN
'EMOIGE DOKEI0 'ETI "OMOIO$ 'EINAI KAI PROTERON; KAI TONDE DE
'AU SKOPEI5 'EI 'ETI MENEI0 "HMIN 'H= 'OU=, "OTI4 'OU TO ZHN PERI= PLEISTOU
POIHTEON 'ALLA= TO 'EU ZHN.
KR _ 'ALLA= MENEI0.
SW _ TO DE 'EU KAI KALW$ KAI DIKAIW$ "OTI4 'TAUTON 'ESTIN,
MENEI0 'H= 'OU MENEI0:
KR _ MENEI0.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EK TWN "OMOLOGOUMENWN TOUTO SKEPTEON,
POTERON DIKAION 'EME 'ENQENDE PEIRASQAI 'EXIENAI MH 'AFIENTWN0
<P 48C>
'AQHNAIWN 'H= 'OU DIKAION; KAI 'EA=N MEN FAINHTAI DIKAION,
PEIRWMEQA2, 'EI DE MH, 'EWMEN2. "A$ DE SU LEGEI$ TA$ SKEYEI$
PERI= TE 'ANALWSEW$ CRHMATWN KAI DOXH$ KAI PAIDWN TROFH$,
MH "W$ 'ALHQW$ TAUTA, 'W* KRITWN, SKEMMATA 'HI TWN "RA\DIW$
'APOKTEINUNTWN0 KAI 'ANABIWSKOMENWN G' 'AN4 'EI "OIOI-T'-'HSAN,
'OUDENI XUN NWI, TOUTWN TWN POLLWN. "HMIN D', 'EPEIDH "O LOGO$
"OUTW$ "AIREI0, MH 'OUDEN 'ALLO SKEPTEON 'HI 'H= "OPER NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN,
POTERON DI=KAIA PRAXOMEN KAI CRHMATA TELOUNTE$0 TOUTOI$
<P 48D>
TOI$ 'EME 'ENQENDE 'EXAXOUSIN5 KAI CARITA$, KAI 'AUTOI 'EXAGONTE$
TE-KAI 'EXAGOMENOI, 'H= THI 'ALHQEIA\ 'ADIKHSOMEN PANTA TAUTA
POIOUNTE$; 'KAN2 FAINWMEQA 'ADIKA 'AUTA 'ERGAZOMENOI, MH 'OU
DEHI5 "UPOLOGIZESQAI 'OUT' 'EI 'APOQNHISKEIN DEI PARAMENONTA$ KAI
"HSUCIAN 'AGONTA$, 'OUTE 'ALLO "OTIOUN PASCEIN PRO TOU* 'ADIKEIN.
KR _ KALW$ MEN MOI DOKEI$ LEGEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$, "ORA DE
TI= DRWMEN2.
SW _ SKOPWMEN, 'W* 'AGAQE, KOINHI, KAI 'EI PHI 'ECEI$ 'ANTILEGEIN
<P 48E>
'EMOU4 LEGONTO$, 'ANTILEGE KAI SOI4 PEISOMAI; 'EI DE MH,
PAUSAI2 'HDH, 'W* MAKARIE, POLLAKI$ MOI LEGWN TON 'AUTON
LOGON, "W$ CRH 'ENQENDE 'AKONTWN 'AQHNAIWN 'EME 'APIENAI; "W$
'EGW PERI= POLLOU POIOUMAI PEISA$ SE TAUTA PRATTEIN, 'ALLA=
MH 'AKONTO$. "ORA DE-DH TH$ SKEYEW$ THN 'ARCHN 'EA=N SOI4


<P 49A>
"IKANW$ LEGHTAI, KAI PEIRW5 'APOKRINESQAI TO 'ERWTWMENON "HI
'AN4 MALISTA 'OIHI3.
KR _ 'ALLA= PEIRASOMAI.
SW _ 'OUDENI TROPWI FAMEN "EKONTA$ 'ADIKHTEON 'EINAI, 'H=
TINI MEN 'ADIKHTEON TROPWI TINI DE 'OU=: 'H= 'OUDAMW$ TO GE
'ADIKEIN 'OUTE 'AGAQON 'OUTE KALON, "W$ POLLAKI$ "HMIN KAI 'EN
TW*I 'EMPROSQEN CRONWI "WMOLOGHQH: "OPER8 KAI8 'ARTI8 'ELEGETO8
'H= PASAI "HMIN 'EKEINAI "AI PROSQEN "OMOLOGIAI 'EN TAISDE TAI$
'OLIGAI$ "HMERAI$ 'EKKECUMENAI 'EISIN, KAI PALAI, 'W* KRITWN,
'A=RA THLIKOIDE GERONTE$8 'ANDRE$ PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ SPOUDHI DIALEGOMENOI
<P 49B>
'ELAQOMEN "HMA$-'AUTOU$ PAIDWN 'OUDEN DIAFERONTE$:
'H= PANTO$ MALLON "OUTW$ 'ECEI0 "WSPER TO=TE 'ELEGETO "HMIN;
'EITE FASIN0 "OI POLLOI 'EITE MH, KAI-'EITE DEI "HMA$ 'ETI TWNDE
CALEPW=TERA PASCEIN 'EITE-KAI PRA\OTERA, "OMW$ TO GE 'ADIKEIN
TW*I 'ADIKOUNTI KAI KAKON KAI 'AISCRON TUGCANEI0 'ON PANTI
TROPWI: FAMEN 'H= 'OU=:
KR _ FAMEN.
SW _ 'OUDAMW$ 'A=RA DEI 'ADIKEIN.
KR _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ 'OUDE 'ADIKOUMENON 'A=RA 'ANTADIKEIN, "W$ "OI POLLOI
'OIONTAI, 'EPEIDH GE 'OUDAMW$ DEI 'ADIKEIN.
<P 49C>
KR _ 'OU FAINETAI.
SW _ TI= DE-DH: KAKOURGEIN DEI, 'W* KRITWN, 'H= 'OU=:
KR _ 'OU DEI DHPOU, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ TI= DE: 'ANTIKAKOURGEIN KAKW$ PASCONTA, "W$ "OI
POLLOI FASIN0, DIKAION 'H= 'OU DIKAION:
KR _ 'OUDAMW$.
SW _ TO GAR-POU KAKW$ POIEIN 'ANQRWPOU$ TOU* 'ADIKEIN
'OUDEN DIAFEREI0.
KR _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW _ 'OUTE-'A=RA 'ANTADIKEIN DEI 'OUTE KAKW$ POIEIN 'OUDENA
'ANQRWPWN, 'OUD' 'AN2 "OTIOUN PASCHI5 "UP' 'AUTWN. KAI "ORA, 'W*
<P 49D>
KRITWN, TAUTA KAQOMOLOGWN, "OPW$ MH PARA DOXAN "OMOLOGHI$;
'OIDA GAR "OTI4 'OLIGOI$ TISI TAUTA KAI DOKEI0 KAI DOXEI2. "OI$
'OUN "OUTW DEDOKTAI KAI "OI$ MH, TOUTOI$ 'OUK 'ESTI KOINH BOULH,
'ALLA= 'ANAGKH TOUTOU$ 'ALLHLWN KATAFRONEIN "ORWNTA$ 'ALLHLWN
TA BOULEUMATA. SKOPEI5 DH-'OUN-KAI SU 'EU MALA POTERON
KOINWNEI$ KAI SUNDOKEI0 SOI4 KAI 'ARCWMEQA 'ENTEUQEN
BOULEUOMENOI, "W$ 'OUDEPOTE 'ORQW$ 'ECONTO$ 'OUTE TOU* 'ADIKEIN
'OUTE TOU* 'ANTADIKEIN 'OUTE KAKW$ PASCONTA 'AMUNESQAI 'ANTIDRWNTA
KAKW$, 'H= 'AFISTASAI KAI 'OU KOINWNEI$ TH$ 'ARCH$:
<P 49E>
'EMOI4 MEN-GAR-KAI PALAI "OUTW KAI NU*N 'ETI DOKEI0, SOI4 DE 'EI
PHI 'ALLHI DEDOKTAI, LEGE KAI DIDASKE. 'EI D' 'EMMENEI$0 TOI$
PROSQE, TO META TOUTO 'AKOUE.
KR _ 'ALL' 'EMMENW0 TE-KAI SUNDOKEI0 MOI; 'ALLA= LEGE.
SW _ LEGW0 DH 'AU TO META TOUTO, MALLON D' 'ERWTW0;
POTERON "A 'AN4 TI$ "OMOLOGHSHI6 TWI DIKAIA 'ONTA POIHTEON 'H=
'EXAPATHTEON:
KR _ POIHTEON.
SW _ 'EK TOUTWN DH 'AQREI5. 'APIONTE$ 'ENQENDE "HMEI$ MH


<P 50A>
PEISANTE$ THN POLIN POTERON KAKW$ TINA$ POIOUMEN, KAI
TAUTA "OU$ "HKISTA DEI, 'H= 'OU=: KAI 'EMMENOMEN "OI$ "WMOLOGHSAMEN
DIKAIOI$ 'OUSIN 'H= 'OU=:
KR _ 'OUK 'ECW0, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'APOKRINASQAI PRO$ "O= 'ERWTA*I$0;
'OU-GAR 'ENNOW0.
SW _ 'ALL' "WDE SKOPEI5. 'EI MELLOUSIN4 "HMIN 'ENQENDE 'EITE
'APODIDRASKEIN, 'EI=Q' "OPW$ DEI 'ONOMASAI0 TOUTO, 'ELQONTE$ "OI
NOMOI KAI TO KOINON TH$ POLEW$ 'EPISTANTE$ 'EROINTO2; 'EIPE=
MOI, 'W* SWKRATE$, TI= 'EN NWI 'ECEI$ POIEIN: 'ALLO TI 'H= TOUTWI
<P 50B>
TW*I 'ERGWI "WI 'EPICEIREI$ DIANOHI0 TOU$ TE NOMOU$ "HMA$ 'APOLESAI0
KAI SUMPASAN THN POLIN TO SON MERO$: 'H= DOKEI0 SOI4 "OION-TE
'ETI 'EKEINHN THN POLIN 'EINAI KAI MH 'ANATETRAFQAI, 'EN "HI 'AN4
"AI GENOMENAI DIKAI MHDEN 'ISCUWSIN 'ALLA= "UPO 'IDIWTWN 'AKUROI
TE GIGNWNTAI KAI DIAFQEIRWNTAI: TI= 'EROUMEN2, 'W* KRITWN,
PRO$ TAUTA KAI 'A=LLA TOIAUTA: POLLA GAR 'AN4 TI$ 'ECOI,
'ALLW$ TE KAI "RHTWR, 'EIPEIN "UPER TOUTOU TOU* NOMOU 'APOLLUMENOU
"O$ TA$ DIKA$ TA$ DIKASQEISA$ PROSTATTEI0 KURIA$ 'EINAI.
<P 50C>
'H= 'EROUMEN2 PRO$ 'AUTOU$ "OTI4 'HDIKEI GAR "HMA$ "H POLI$ KAI
'OUK 'ORQW$ THN DIKHN 'EKRINEN: TAUTA 'H= TI= 'EROUMEN2:
KR _ TAUTA NH DI=A, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ TI= 'OUN 'AN2 'EIPWSIN "OI NOMOI; 'W* SWKRATE$, 'H*-KAI
TAUTA "WMOLOGHTO "HMIN TE-KAI SOI4, 'H= 'EMMENEIN0 TAI$
DIKAI$ "AI$ 'AN4 "H POLI$ DIKAZHI5: 'EI 'OUN 'AUTWN QAUMAZOIMEN
LEGONTWN0, 'ISW$ 'AN4 'EIPOIEN "OTI4 'W* SWKRATE$, MH QAUMAZE
TA LEGOMENA 'ALL' 'APOKRINOU, 'EPEIDH KAI 'EIWQA$ CRHSQAI
TW*I 'ERWTAN TE-KAI 'APOKRINESQAI. FERE GAR, TI= 'EGKALWN0
<P 50D>
"HMIN KAI THI POLEI 'EPICEIREI$ "HMA$ 'APOLLUNAI: 'OU PRWTON
MEN SE 'EGENNHSAMEN "HMEI$, KAI DI' "HMWN 'ELABE THN MHTERA
SOU4 "O PATHR KAI 'EFUTEUSEN SE: FRASON2 'OUN, TOUTOI$ "HMWN,
TOI$ NOMOI$ TOI$ PERI= TOU$ GAMOU$, MEMFHI0 TI "W$ 'OU KALW$
'ECOUSIN4: 'OU MEMFOMAI, FAIHN 'AN4. 'ALLA= TOI$ PERI=
THN TOU* GENOMENOU TROFHN TE-KAI PAIDEIAN 'EN "HI KAI SU
'EPAIDEUQH$: 'H= 'OU KALW$ PROSETATTON "HMWN "OI 'EPI TOUTWI
TETAGMENOI NOMOI, PARAGGELLONTE$ TW*I PATRI TW*I SWI SE 'EN
<P 50E>
MOUSIKHI KAI GUMNASTIKHI PAIDEUEIN: KALW$, FAIHN 'AN4.
'EIEN. 'EPEIDH DE 'EGENOU TE-KAI 'EXETRAFH$ KAI 'EPAIDEUQH$,
'ECOI$ 'AN4 'EIPEIN PRWTON MEN "W$ 'OUCI "HMETERO$ 'HSQA KAI 'EKGONO$
KAI DOULO$, 'AUTO$ TE-KAI "OI SOI2 PROGONOI: KAI 'EI TOUQ' "OUTW$
'ECEI0, 'A*R' 'EX 'ISOU 'OIEI 'EINAI SOI4 TO DIKAION KAI "HMIN, KAI "ATT'
'AN4 "HMEI$ SE 'EPICEIRWMEN POIEIN, KAI SOI4 TAUTA 'ANTIPOIEIN
'OIEI DIKAION 'EINAI: 'H= PRO$ MEN-'A=RA SOI4 TON PATERA 'OUK 'EX
'ISOU 'H*N TO DIKAION KAI PRO$ DESPOTHN, 'EI SOI4 'WN 'ETUGCANEN,
"WSTE "APER PASCOI$ TAUTA KAI 'ANTIPOIEIN, 'OUTE KAKW$ 'AKOUONTA


<P 51A>
'ANTILEGEIN 'OUTE TUPTOMENON 'ANTITUPTEIN 'OUTE 'A=LLA
TOIAUTA POLLA; PRO$ DE THN PATRIDA 'A=RA-KAI TOU$ NOMOU$
'EXESTAI SOI4, "WSTE, 'EA=N SE 'EPICEIRWMEN "HMEI$ 'APOLLUNAI
DIKAION "HGOUMENOI 'EINAI, KAI SU DE "HMA$ TOU$ NOMOU$ KAI
THN PATRIDA KAQ' "OSON DUNASAI 'EPICEIRHSEI$ 'ANTAPOLLUNAI,
KAI FHSEI$ TAUTA POIW*N DI=KAIA PRATTEIN, "O THI 'ALHQEIA\ TH$
'ARETH$ 'EPIMELOMENO$: 'H= "OUTW$ 'EI* SOFO$ "WSTE LELHQEN0 SE
"OTI4 MHTRO$ TE-KAI PATRO$ KAI TWN 'ALLWN PROGONWN "APANTWN
TIMIWTERON 'ESTIN PATRI$ KAI SEMNOTERON KAI "AGIWTERON
<P 51B>
KAI 'EN MEIZONI MOIRA\ KAI PARA QEOI$ KAI PAR' 'ANQRWPOI$
TOI$ NOUN 'ECOUSI4, KAI SEBESQAI DEI KAI MALLON "UPEIKEIN KAI
QWPEUEIN PATRIDA CALEPAINOUSAN 'H= PATERA, KAI 'H= PEIQEIN 'H=
POIEIN "A 'AN4 KELEUHI5, KAI PASCEIN 'EA=N TI PROSTATTHI5 PAQEIN
"HSUCIAN 'AGONTA, 'EANTE TUPTESQAI 'EANTE DEISQAI, 'EANTE 'EI$
POLEMON 'AGHI5 TRWQHSOMENON 'H= 'APOQANOUMENON, POIHTEON
TAUTA, KAI TO DIKAION "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, KAI 'OUCI "UPEIKTEON 'OUDE
'ANACWRHTEON 'OUDE LEIPTEON THN TAXIN, 'ALLA=-KAI 'EN POLEMWI
KAI 'EN DIKASTHRIWI KAI PANTACOU POIHTEON "A 'AN4 KELEUHI5 "H
<P 51C>
POLI$ KAI "H PATRI$, 'H= PEIQEIN 'AUTHN "HI TO DIKAION PEFUKE0;
BIAZESQAI DE 'OUC "OSION 'OUTE MHTERA 'OUTE PATERA, POLU DE
TOUTWN 'ETI "HTTON THN PATRIDA: TI= FHSOMEN PRO$ TAUTA, 'W*
KRITWN: 'ALHQH LEGEIN TOU$ NOMOU$ 'H= 'OU=:
KR _ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW _ SKOPEI5 TOINUN, 'W* SWKRATE$, FAIEN 'AN4 'ISW$ "OI
NOMOI, 'EI "HMEI$ TAUTA 'ALHQH LEGOMEN, "OTI4 'OU DI=KAIA "HMA$
'EPICEIREI$ DRAN "A NU*N 'EPICEIREI$. "HMEI$ GAR SE GENNHSANTE$,
'EKQREYANTE$, PAIDEUSANTE$, METADONTE$ "APANTWN "WN "OIOI-T'-'HMEN
<P 51D>
KALWN SOI4 KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ PASIN POLITAI$, "OMW$ PROAGOREUOMEN
TW*I 'EXOUSIAN PEPOIHKENAI 'AQHNAIWN TW*I BOULOMENWI,
'EPEIDAN DOKIMASQHI KAI 'IDHI6 TA 'EN THI POLEI PRAGMATA KAI
"HMA$ TOU$ NOMOU$, "WI 'AN4 MH 'ARESKWMEN "HMEI$, 'EXEINAI LABONTA
TA "AUTOU 'APIENAI "OPOI 'AN4 BOULHTAI. KAI 'OUDEI$ "HMWN TWN
NOMWN 'EMPODWN 'ESTIN 'OUD' 'APAGOREUEI0, 'EANTE TI$ BOULHTAI
"UMWN 'EI$ 'APOIKIAN 'IENAI, 'EI MH 'ARESKOIMEN "HMEI$ TE-KAI "H
POLI$, 'EANTE METOIKEIN 'ALLOSE POI 'ELQWN, 'IENAI 'EKEISE "OPOI
<P 51E>
'AN4 BOULHTAI, 'ECONTA TA "AUTOU. "O$ D' 'AN4 "UMWN PARAMEINHI6,
"ORWN "ON TROPON "HMEI$ TA$ TE DIKA$ DIKAZOMEN KAI 'TALLA THN
POLIN DIOIKOUMEN, 'HDH FAMEN TOUTON "WMOLOGHKENAI 'ERGWI "HMIN
"A 'AN4 "HMEI$ KELEUWMEN POIHSEIN TAUTA, KAI TON MH PEIQOMENON
TRICHI FAMEN 'ADIKEIN, "OTI4 TE GENNHTAI$ 'OUSIN "HMIN 'OU PEIQETAI,
KAI "OTI4 TROFEUSI, KAI "OTI4 "OMOLOGHSA$ "HMIN PEISESQAI
'OUTE PEIQETAI 'OUTE PEIQEI0 "HMA$, 'EI MH KALW$ TI POIOUMEN,


<P 52A>
PROTIQENTWN0 "HMWN KAI 'OUK 'AGRIW$ 'EPITATTONTWN0 POIEIN "A 'AN4
KELEUWMEN, 'ALLA= 'EFIENTWN0 DUOIN QATERA, 'H= PEIQEIN "HMA$ 'H=
POIEIN, TOUTWN 'OUDE=TERA POIEI0. TAUTAI$ DH FAMEN KAI SE, 'W*
SWKRATE$, TAI$ 'AITIAI$ 'ENEXESQAI, 'EIPER POIHSEI$ "A 'EPINOEI$,
KAI 'OUC "HKISTA 'AQHNAIWN SE, 'ALL' 'EN TOI$ MALISTA. 'EI 'OUN
'EGW 'EIPOIMI; DIA= TI= DH: 'ISW$ 'AN4 MOU DIKAIW$ KAQAPTOINTO
LEGONTE$ "OTI4 'EN TOI$ MALISTA 'AQHNAIWN 'EGW 'AUTOI$ "WMOLOGHKW$
TUGCANW0 TAUTHN THN "OMOLOGIAN. FAIEN GAR 'AN4 "OTI4
<P 52B>
'W* SWKRATE$, MEGALA "HMIN TOUTWN TEKMHRIA 'ESTIN, "OTI4 SOI4
KAI "HMEI$ 'HRESKOMEN KAI "H POLI$; 'OU-GAR 'AN4 POTE TWN 'ALLWN
'AQHNAIWN "APANTWN DIAFERONTW$ 'EN 'AUTHI 'EPEDHMEI$ 'EI MH SOI4
DIAFERONTW$ 'HRESKEN, KAI-'OUT' 'EPI QEWRIAN PWPOT' 'EK TH$
POLEW$ 'EXHLQE$, "OTI-MH "APAX 'EI$ 'ISQMON, 'OUTE 'ALLOSE
'OUDAMOSE, 'EI MH POI STRATEUSOMENO$, 'OUTE 'ALLHN 'APODHMIAN
'EPOIHSW PWPOTE "WSPER "OI 'ALLOI 'ANQRWPOI, 'OUD' 'EPIQUMIA SE
'ALLH$ POLEW$ 'OUDE 'ALLWN NOMWN 'ELABEN 'EIDENAI, 'ALLA= "HMEI$
<P 52C>
SOI4 "IKANOI 'HMEN KAI "H "HMETERA POLI$; "OUTW SFODRA "HMA$
"HIROU KAI "WMOLOGEI$ KAQ' "HMA$ POLITEUSESQAI, TA TE 'A=LLA KAI
PAIDA$ 'EN 'AUTHI 'EPOIHSW, "W$ 'ARESKOUSH$ SOI4 TH$ POLEW$. 'ETI
TOINUN 'EN 'AUTHI THI DIKHI 'EXHN SOI4 FUGH$ TIMHSASQAI 'EI 'EBOULOU,
KAI "OPER NU*N 'AKOUSH$ TH$ POLEW$ 'EPICEIREI$, TO=TE
"EKOUSH$ POIHSAI0. SU DE TO=TE MEN 'EKALLWPIZOU "W$ 'OUK 'AGANAKTWN
'EI DEOI TEQNANAI SE, 'ALLA= "HIROU "W$ 'EFHSQA, PRO TH$
FUGH$ QANATON; NU*N DE-'OUT' 'EKEINOU$ TOU$ LOGOU$ 'AISCUNHI0,
'OUTE "HMWN TWN NOMWN 'ENTREPHI0, 'EPICEIRWN DIAFQEIRAI0, PRATTEI$
<P 52D>
TE "APER 'AN4 DOULO$ "O FAULOTATO$ PRAXEIEN, 'APODIDRASKEIN
'EPICEIRWN PARA TA$ SUNQHKA$ TE-KAI TA$ "OMOLOGIA$ KAQ' "A$
"HMIN SUNEQOU POLITEUESQAI. PRWTON MEN-'OUN "HMIN TOUT' 'AUTO
'APOKRINAI2, 'EI 'ALHQH LEGOMEN FASKONTE$ SE "WMOLOGHKENAI
POLITEUSESQAI KAQ' "HMA$ 'ERGWI 'ALL' 'OU LOGWI, 'H= 'OUK 'ALHQH.
TI= FWMEN PRO$ TAUTA, 'W* KRITWN: 'ALLO TI 'H= "OMOLOGWMEN:
KR _ 'ANAGKH, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'ALLO TI 'OUN, 'AN4 FAIEN, 'H= SUNQHKA$ TA$ PRO$
<P 52E>
"HMA$-'AUTOU$ KAI "OMOLOGIA$ PARABAINEI$, 'OUC "UPO 'ANAGKH$
"OMOLOGHSA$ 'OUDE 'APATHQEI$ 'OUDE 'EN 'OLIGWI CRONWI 'ANAGKASQEI$
BOULEUSASQAI, 'ALL' 'EN 'ETESIN "EBDOMHKONTA, 'EN "OI$ 'EXHN SOI4
'APIENAI, 'EI MH 'HRESKOMEN "HMEI$ MHDE DIKAIAI 'EFAINONTO SOI4
"AI "OMOLOGIAI 'EINAI. SU DE-'OUTE LAKEDAIMONA PROHIROU 'OUTE
KRHTHN, "A$ DH "EKASTOTE FH=I$ 'EUNOMEISQAI, 'OUTE 'ALLHN 'OUDEMIAN


<P 53A>
TWN "ELLHNIDWN POLEWN 'OUDE TWN BARBARIKWN, 'ALLA=
'ELATTW 'EX 'AUTH$ 'APEDHMHSA$ 'H= "OI CWLOI TE-KAI TUFLOI KAI
"OI 'ALLOI 'ANAPHROI; "OUTW SOI4 DIAFERONTW$ TWN 'ALLWN 'AQHNAIWN
'HRESKEN "H POLI$ TE-KAI "HMEI$ "OI NOMOI DHLON "OTI4; TI=NI
GAR 'AN4 POLI$ 'ARESKOI 'ANEU NOMWN: NU*N DE-DH 'OUK 'EMMENEI$2
TOI$ "WMOLOGHMENOI$: 'EA=N "HMIN GE PEIQHI3, 'W* SWKRATE$; KAI
'OU KATAGELASTO$ GE 'ESHI 'EK TH$ POLEW$ 'EXELQWN.
SKOPEI5 GAR-DH, TAUTA PARABA$ KAI 'EXAMARTANWN TI
TOUTWN TI= 'AGAQON 'ERGASHI2 SAUTON 'H= TOU$ 'EPITHDEIOU$ TOU$
<P 53B>
SAUTOU: "OTI4 MEN-GAR KINDUNEUSOUSI2 GE SOU4 "OI 'EPITHDEIOI KAI
'AUTOI FEUGEIN KAI STERHQHNAI TH$ POLEW$ 'H= THN 'OUSIAN
'APOLESAI0, SCEDON TI DHLON; 'AUTO$ DE PRWTON MEN 'EA=N 'EI$
TWN 'EGGUTATA TINA POLEWN 'ELQHI$, 'H= QHBAZE 'H= MEGARADE %
'EUNOMOUNTAI GAR 'AMFOTERAI % POLEMIO$ "HXEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$, THI
TOUTWN POLITEIA\, KAI "OSOIPER KHDONTAI TWN "AUTWN POLEWN
"UPOBLEYONTAI SE DIAFQOREA "HGOUMENOI TWN NOMWN, KAI BEBAIWSEI$
TOI$ DIKASTAI$ THN DOXAN, "WSTE DOKEIN 'ORQW$ THN
<P 53C>
DIKHN DIKASAI0; "OSTI$ GAR NOMWN DIAFQOREU$ 'ESTIN SFODRA
POU DOXEIEN 'AN4 NEWN GE-KAI 'ANOHTWN 'ANQRWPWN DIAFQOREU$
'EINAI. POTERON 'OUN FEUXHI2 TA$ TE 'EUNOMOUMENA$ POLEI$ KAI
TWN 'ANDRWN TOU$ KOSMIWTATOU$: KAI TOUTO POIOUNTI 'A*RA 'AXION
SOI4 ZHN 'ESTAI: 'H= PLHSIASEI$ TOUTOI$ KAI 'ANAISCUNTHSEI$
DIALEGOMENO$ % TI=NA$ LOGOU$, 'W* SWKRATE$: 'H= "OUSPER 'ENQADE,
"W$ "H 'ARETH KAI "H DIKAIOSUNH PLEISTOU 'AXION TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$
KAI TA NOMIMA KAI "OI NOMOI: KAI 'OUK 'OIEI 'ASCHMON 'AN84
<P 53D>
FANEISQAI TO TOU* SWKRATOU$ PRAGMA: 'OIESQAI GE CRH. 'ALL'
'EK MEN TOUTWN TWN TOPWN 'APAREI$, "HXEI$ DE 'EI$ QETTALIAN
PARA TOU$ XENOU$ TOU$ KRITWNO$: 'EKEI GAR-DH PLEISTH 'ATAXIA
KAI 'AKOLASIA, KAI 'ISW$ 'AN4 "HDEW$ SOU4 'AKOUOIEN "W$ GELOIW$
'EK TOU* DESMWTHRIOU 'APEDIDRASKE$ SKEUHN TE TINA PERIQEMENO$,
'H= DIFQERAN LABWN 'H= 'A=LLA "OI*A DH 'EIWQASIN 'ENSKEUAZESQAI "OI
'APODIDRASKONTE$, KAI TO SCHMA TO SAUTOU METALLAXA$; "OTI4
DE GERWN 'ANHR, SMIKROU CRONOU TW*I BIWI LOIPOU 'ONTO$ "W$ TO
<P 53E>
'EIKO$, 'ETOLMHSA$ "OUTW GLISCRW$ 'EPIQUMEIN ZHN, NOMOU$ TOU$
MEGISTOU$ PARABA$, 'OUDEI$ "O$ 'EREI2: 'ISW$ 'AN2 MH TINA LUPHI$;
'EI DE MH, 'AKOUSHI2, 'W* SWKRATE$, POLLA KAI 'ANA=XIA SAUTOU.
"UPERCOMENO$ DH BIWSHI2 PANTA$ 'ANQRWPOU$ KAI DOULEUWN %
TI= POIW*N 'H= 'EUWCOUMENO$ 'EN QETTALIA\, "WSPER 'EPI DEIPNON
'APODEDHMHKW$ 'EI$ QETTALIAN: LOGOI DE 'EKEINOI "OI PERI=


<P 54A>
DIKAIOSUNH$ TE-KAI TH$ 'ALLH$ 'ARETH$ POU* "HMIN 'ESONTAI: 'ALLA=-DH
TWN PAIDWN "ENEKA BOULEI ZHN, "INA 'AUTOU$ 'EKQREYHI$ KAI
PAIDEUSHI$: TI= DE: 'EI$ QETTALIAN 'AUTOU$ 'AGAGWN QREYEI$ TE-KAI
PAIDEUSEI$, XENOU$ POIHSA$, "INA KAI TOUTO 'APOLAUSWSIN:
'H= TOUTO MEN 'OU=, 'AUTOU2 DE TREFOMENOI SOU4 ZWNTO$ BELTION
QREYONTAI KAI PAIDEUSONTAI MH SUNONTO$ SOU4 'AUTOI$: "OI GAR
'EPITHDEIOI "OI SOI2 'EPIMELHSONTAI 'AUTWN. POTERON 'EA=N MEN 'EI$
QETTALIAN 'APODHMHSHI$, 'EPIMELHSONTAI, 'EA=N DE 'EI$ "AIDOU
'APODHMHSHI$, 'OUCI 'EPIMELHSONTAI: 'EIPER GE TI 'OFELO$ 'AUTWN
<P 54B>
'ESTIN TWN SOI4 FASKONTWN0 'EPITHDEIWN 'EINAI, 'OIESQAI GE CRH.
'ALL', 'W* SWKRATE$, PEIQOMENO$ "HMIN TOI$ SOI$ TROFEUSI
MHTE PAIDA$ PERI= PLEIONO$ POIOU* MHTE TO ZHN MHTE 'ALLO
MHDEN PRO TOU* DIKAIOU, "INA 'EI$ "AIDOU 'ELQWN 'ECHI$ PANTA
TAUTA 'APOLOGHSASQAI TOI$ 'EKEI 'ARCOUSIN4; 'OUTE-GAR 'ENQADE
SOI4 FAINETAI TAUTA PRATTONTI 'AMEINON 'EINAI 'OUDE DIKAIOTERON
'OUDE "OSIWTERON, 'OUDE 'ALLWI TWN SWN 'OUDENI, 'OUTE 'EKEISE
'AFIKOMENWI 'AMEINON 'ESTAI. 'ALLA= NU*N MEN 'HDIKHMENO$ 'APEI2,
<P 54C>
'EA=N 'APIHI$, 'OUC "UF' "HMWN TWN NOMWN 'ALLA= "UP' 'ANQRWPWN;
'EA=N DE 'EXELQHI$ "OUTW$ 'AISCRW$ 'ANTADIKHSA$ TE-KAI 'ANTIKAKOURGHSA$,
TA$ SAUTOU "OMOLOGIA$ TE-KAI SUNQHKA$ TA$ PRO$
"HMA$ PARABA$ KAI KAKA 'ERGASAMENO$ TOUTOU$ "OU$ "HKISTA
'EDEI, SAUTON TE-KAI FILOU$ KAI PATRIDA KAI "HMA$, "HMEI$ TE
SOI4 CALEPANOUMEN ZWNTI, KAI 'EKEI "OI "HMETEROI 'ADELFOI "OI 'EN
"AIDOU NOMOI 'OUK 'EUMENW$ SE "UPODEXONTAI, 'EIDOTE$ "OTI4 KAI
"HMA$ 'EPECEIRHSA$ 'APOLESAI0 TO SON MERO$. 'ALLA= MH SE
<P 54D>
PEISHI6 KRITWN POIEIN "A LEGEI0 MALLON 'H= "HMEI$.
TAUTA, 'W* FILE "ETAIRE KRITWN, 'EU 'ISQI "OTI4 'EGW DOKW0
'AKOUEIN, "WSPER "OI KORUBANTIWNTE$ TWN 'AULWN DOKOUSIN0
'AKOUEIN, KAI 'EN 'EMOI4 "AU=TH "H 'HCH TOUTWN TWN LOGWN BOMBEI0
KAI POIEI0 MH DUNASQAI TWN 'ALLWN 'AKOUEIN; 'ALLA= 'ISQI, "OSA GE
TA NU*N 'EMOI4 DOKOUNTA, 'EA=N LEGHI$ PARA TAUTA, MATHN 'EREI$2.
"OMW$ MENTOI 'EI TI 'OIEI PLEON POIHSEIN, LEGE.
KR _ 'ALL', 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUK 'ECW0 LEGEIN.
<P 54E>
SW _ 'EA2 TOINUN, 'W* KRITWN, KAI PRATTWMEN TAUTHI, 'EPEIDH
TAUTHI "O QEO$ "UFHGEITAI


<B EUQFR>


<P 2A>
EUQ _ TI= NEWTERON, 'W* SWKRATE$, GEGONEN0, "OTI4 SU TA$ 'EN
LUKEIWI KATALIPWN DIATRIBA$ 'ENQADE NU*N DIATRIBEI$ PERI= THN
TOU* BASILEW$ STOAN: 'OU-GAR-POU-KAI SOI4 GE DIKH TI$ 'OUSA
TUGCANEI0 PRO$ TON BASILEA "WSPER 'EMOI4.
SW _ 'OUTOI-DH 'AQHNAIOI GE, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN, DIKHN 'AUTHN
KALOUSIN0 'ALLA= GRAFHN.
<P 2B>
EUQ _ TI= FH=I$: GRAFHN SE TI$, "W$ 'EOIKE0, GEGRAPTAI; 'OU-GAR
'EKEINO GE KATAGNWSOMAI, "W$ SU "ETERON.
SW _ 'OU-GAR-'OUN.
EUQ _ 'ALLA= SE 'ALLO$:
SW _ PANU GE.
EUQ _ TI=$ "OUTO$:
SW _ 'OUD' 'AUTO$ PANU TI GIGNWSKW0, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN, TON
'ANDRA, NEO$ GAR TI$ MOI FAINETAI KAI 'AGNW$; 'ONOMAZOUSI0
MENTOI 'AUTON, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, MELHTON. 'ESTI DE TWN DHMWN
PITQEU$, 'EI TINA NWI 'ECEI$ PITQEA MELHTON "OION TETANOTRICA
KAI 'OU PANU 'EUGENEION, 'EPIGRUPON DE.
EUQ _ 'OUK 'ENNOW0, 'W* SWKRATE$; 'ALLA=-DH TI=NA GRAFHN
<P 2C>
SE GEGRAPTAI:
SW _ "HNTINA: 'OUK 'AGENNH, 'EMOIGE DOKEI0; TO GAR NEON
'ONTA TOSOUTON PRAGMA 'EGNWKENAI 'OU FAULON 'ESTIN. 'EKEINO$
GAR, "W$ FHSIN, 'OIDE TI=NA TROPON "OI NEOI DIAFQEIRONTAI KAI
TI=NE$ "OI DIAFQEIRONTE$ 'AUTOU$. KAI KINDUNEUEI0 SOFO$ TI$
'EINAI, KAI THN 'EMHN 'AMAQIAN KATIDWN "W$ DIAFQEIRONTO$ TOU$
"HLIKIWTA$ 'AUTOU4, 'ERCETAI KATHGORHSWN MOU "WSPER PRO$
MHTERA PRO$ THN POLIN. KAI FAINETAI MOI TWN POLITIKWN
<P 2D>
MONO$ 'ARCESQAI 'ORQW$; 'ORQW$ GAR 'ESTI TWN NEWN PRWTON
'EPIMELHQHNAI "OPW$ 'ESONTAI "OTI2 'ARISTOI, "WSPER GEWRGON
'AGAQON TWN NEWN FUTWN 'EIKO$ PRWTON 'EPIMELHQHNAI, META
DE TOUTO KAI TWN 'ALLWN. KAI-DH-KAI MELHTO$ 'ISW$ PRWTON


<P 3A>
MEN "HMA$ 'EKKAQAIREI0 TOU$ TWN NEWN TA$ BLASTA$ DIAFQEIRONTA$,
"W$ FHSIN; 'EPEITA META TOUTO DHLON "OTI4 TWN PRESBUTERWN
'EPIMELHQEI$ PLEISTWN KAI MEGISTWN 'AGAQWN 'AITIO$
THI POLEI GENHSETAI, "W$ GE TO 'EIKO$ SUMBHNAI0 'EK TOIAUTH$
'ARCH$ 'ARXAMENWI.
EUQ _ BOULOIMHN 'AN4, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALL' 'ORRWDW0 MH 'TOUNANTION
GENHTAI; 'ATECNW$ GAR MOI DOKEI0 'AF' "ESTIA$ 'ARCESQAI
KAKOURGEIN THN POLIN, 'EPICEIRWN 'ADIKEIN SE. KAI MOI LEGE,
TI= KAI POIOUNTA SE FHSI DIAFQEIREIN TOU$ NEOU$:
<P 3B>
SW _ 'ATOPA, 'W* QAUMASIE, "W$ "OUTW G' 'AKOUSAI0. FHSI GAR
ME POIHTHN 'EINAI QEWN, KAI "W$ KAINOU$ POIOUNTA QEOU$ TOU$
D' 'ARCAIOU$ 'OU NOMIZONTA 'EGRAYATO TOUTWN 'AUTWN "ENEKA,
"W$ FHSIN.
EUQ _ MANQANW0, 'W* SWKRATE$; "OTI4 DH SU TO DAIMONION
FH=I$ SAUTWI "EKASTOTE GIGNESQAI. "W$ 'OUN KAINOTOMOUNTO$
SOU4 PERI= TA QEI*A GEGRAPTAI TAUTHN THN GRAFHN, KAI "W$
DIABALWN0 DH 'ERCETAI 'EI$ TO DIKASTHRION, 'EIDW$ "OTI4 'EUDIABOLA
TA TOIAUTA PRO$ TOU$ POLLOU$. KAI 'EMOU4 GAR-TOI,
<P 3C>
"OTAN TI LEGW3 'EN THI 'EKKLHSIA\ PERI= TWN QEIWN, PROLEGWN
'AUTOI$ TA MELLONTA, KATAGELWSIN0 "W$ MAINOMENOU; KAITOI
'OUDEN "OTI2 'OUK 'ALHQE$ 'EIRHKA "WN PROEIPON, 'ALL' "OMW$ FQONOUSIN0
"HMIN PASI TOI$ TOIOUTOI$. 'ALL' 'OUDEN 'AUTWN CRH
FRONTIZEIN, 'ALL' "OMOSE 'IENAI.
SW _ 'W* FILE 'EUQUFRWN, 'ALLA= TO MEN KATAGELASQHNAI
'ISW$ 'OUDEN PRAGMA. 'AQHNAIOI$ GAR-TOI, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0,
'OU SFODRA MELEI0 'AN2 TINA DEINON 'OIWNTAI 'EINAI, MH-MENTOI
DIDASKALIKON TH$ "AUTOU SOFIA$; "ON D' 'AN4 KAI 'ALLOU$ 'OIWNTAI
<P 3D>
POIEIN TOIOUTOU$, QUMOUNTAI, 'EI=T'-'OUN FQONWI "W$ SU LEGEI$,
'EITE DI' 'ALLO TI.
EUQ _ TOUTOU 'OUN PE=RI "OPW$ POTE PRO$ 'EME 'ECOUSIN0, 'OU
PANU 'EPIQUMW0 PEIRAQHNAI.
SW _ 'ISW$ GAR SU MEN DOKEI$ SPANION SEAUTON PARECEIN
KAI DIDASKEIN 'OUK 'EQELEIN THN SEAUTOU SOFIAN; 'EGW DE
FOBOUMAI MH "UPO FILANQRWPIA$ DOKW3 'AUTOI$ "OTIPER2 'ECW0
'EKKECUMENW$ PANTI 'ANDRI LEGEIN, 'OU MONON 'ANEU MISQOU, 'ALLA=-KAI
PROSTIQEI$ 'AN4 "HDEW$ 'EI TI$ MOU 'EQELEI0 'AKOUEIN. 'EI
MEN-'OUN, "O= NUNDH 'ELEGON, MELLOIEN MOU KATAGELAN "WSPER
<P 3E>
SU FH=I$ SAUTOU, 'OUDEN 'AN4 'EIH 'AHDE$ PAIZONTA$ KAI GELWNTA$
'EN TW*I DIKASTHRIWI DIAGAGEIN; 'EI DE SPOUDASONTAI, TOUT' 'HDH
"OPHI 'APOBHSETAI 'ADHLON PLHN "UMIN TOI$ MANTESIN.
EUQ _ 'ALL' 'ISW$ 'OUDEN 'ESTAI, 'W* SWKRATE$, PRAGMA, 'ALLA=
SU TE KATA NOUN 'AGWNIHI THN DIKHN, 'OIMAI DE-KAI 'EME THN
'EMHN.
SW _ 'ESTIN DE-DH SOI4, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN, TI=$ "H DIKH:
FEUGEI$ 'AUTHN 'H= DIWKEI$:
EUQ _ DIWKW0.
SW _ TI=NA:


<P 4A>
EUQ _ "ON DIWKWN 'AU DOKW0 MAINESQAI.
$W _ TI= DE: PETOMENON TINA DIWKEI$:
EUQ _ POLLOU GE DEI PETESQAI, "O$ GE TUGCANEI0 'WN 'EU
MALA PRESBUTH$.
SW _ TI=$ "OUTO$:
EUQ _ "O 'EMO$ PATHR.
SW _ "O SO$, 'W* BELTISTE:
EUQ _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'ESTIN DE TI= TO 'EGKLHMA KAI TI=NO$ "H DIKH:
EUQ _ FONOU, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ "HRAKLEI$. 'H*-POU, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN, 'AGNOEITAI "UPO TWN
POLLWN "OPHI POTE 'ORQW$ 'ECEI0; 'OU-GAR 'OIMAI GE TOU* 'EPITUCONTO$
<P 4B>
'ORQW$8 'AUTO PRAXAI0 'ALLA= PORRW POU 'HDH SOFIA$
'ELAUNONTO$.
EUQ _ PORRW MENTOI NH DI=A, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'ESTIN DE-DH TWN 'OIKEIWN TI$ "O TEQNEW$ "UPO TOU*
SOU2 PATRO$: 'H= DHLA DH: 'OU-GAR 'AN4 POU "UPER GE 'ALLOTRIOU
'EPEXHISQA FONOU 'AUTWI.
EUQ _ GELOION, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OTI4 'OIEI TI DIAFEREIN 'EITE
'ALLOTRIO$ 'EITE 'OIKEIO$ "O TEQNEW$, 'ALL' 'OU TOUTO MONON DEIN
FULATTEIN, 'EITE 'EN DIKHI 'EKTEINEN "O KTEINA$ 'EITE MH, KAI 'EI
MEN 'EN DIKHI, 'EA*N, 'EI DE MH, 'EPEXIENAI, 'EANPER "O KTEINA$ SUNESTIO$
<P 4C>
SOI4 KAI "OMOTRAPEZO$ 'HI; 'ISON GAR TO MIASMA GIGNETAI
'EA=N SUNHI$ TW*I TOIOUTWI SUNEIDW$ KAI MH 'AFOSIOI$2 SEAUTON TE-KAI
'EKEINON THI DIKHI 'EPEXIWN. 'EPEI "O GE 'APOQANWN PELATH$
TI$ 'H*N 'EMO$, KAI "W$ 'EGEWRGOUMEN 'EN THI NAXWI, 'EQHTEUEN
'EKEI PAR' "HMIN. PAROINHSA$ 'OUN-KAI 'ORGISQEI$ TWN 'OIKETWN
TINI TWN "HMETERWN 'APOSFATTEI0 'AUTON. "O 'OUN PATHR SUNDHSA$
TOU$ PODA$ KAI TA$ CEIRA$ 'AUTOU4, KATABALWN2 'EI$ TAFRON
TINA, PEMPEI0 DEURO 'ANDRA PEUSOMENON TOU* 'EXHGHTOU "OTI2 CREIH
<P 4D>
POIEIN. 'EN DE TOUTWI TW*I CRONWI TOU* DEDEMENOU 'WLIGWREI TE-KAI
'HMELEI "W$ 'ANDROFONOU KAI 'OUDEN 'ON PRAGMA 'EI KAI 'APOQANOI,
"OPER 'OUN-KAI 'EPAQEN; "UPO GAR LIMOU KAI "RIGOU$ KAI
TWN DESMWN 'APOQNHISKEI0 PRIN TON 'AGGELON PARA TOU* 'EXHGHTOU
'AFIKESQAI. TAUTA DH-'OUN-KAI 'AGANAKTEI0 "O TE PATHR KAI
"OI 'ALLOI 'OIKEIOI, "OTI4 'EGW "UPER TOU* 'ANDROFONOU TW*I PATRI
FONOU 'EPEXERCOMAI 'OUTE 'APOKTEINANTI, "W$ FASIN0 'EKEINOI,
'OUT' 'EI "OTI2 MALISTA 'APEKTEINEN, 'ANDROFONOU GE 'ONTO$ TOU*
'APOQANONTO$, 'OU DEIN FRONTIZEIN "UPER TOU* TOIOUTOU % 'ANOSION
<P 4E>
GAR 'EINAI TO "UON PATRI FONOU 'EPEXIENAI % KAKW$ 'EIDOTE$,
'W* SWKRATE$, TO QEION "W$ 'ECEI0 TOU* "OSIOU TE PE=RI KAI TOU*
'ANOSIOU.
SW _ SU DE-DH PRO$ DIO$, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN, "OUTWSI 'AKRIBW$
'OIEI 'EPISTASQAI PERI= TWN QEIWN "OPHI 'ECEI0, KAI TWN "OSIWN TE-KAI
'ANOSIWN, "WSTE TOUTWN "OUTW PRACQENTWN5 "W$ SU LEGEI$,
'OU FOBHI0 DIKAZOMENO$ TW*I PATRI "OPW$ MH 'AU SU 'ANOSION
PRAGMA TUGCANHI$ PRATTWN:
EUQ _ 'OUDEN GAR 'AN4 MOU 'OFELO$ 'EIH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUDE


<P 5A>
TWI 'AN4 DIAFEROI 'EUQUFRWN TWN POLLWN 'ANQRWPWN, 'EI MH TA
TOIAUTA PANTA 'AKRIBW$ 'EIDEIHN.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN MOI, 'W* QAUMASIE 'EUQUFRWN, KRATISTON 'ESTI
MAQHTHI SWI GENESQAI, KAI PRO TH$ GRAFH$ TH$ PRO$ MELHTON
'AUTA TAUTA PROKALEISQAI0 'AUTON, LEGONTA "OTI4 'EGWGE KAI 'EN
TW*I 'EMPROSQEN CRONWI TA QEIA PERI= POLLOU 'EPOIOUMHN 'EIDENAI,
KAI NU*N 'EPEIDH ME 'EKEINO$ 'AUTOSCEDIAZONTA FHSI KAI KAINOTOMOUNTA
PERI= TWN QEIWN 'EXAMARTANEIN, MAQHTH$ DH GEGONA SO$ %
KAI 'EI MEN, 'W* MELHTE, FAIHN 'AN4, 'EUQUFRONA "OMOLOGEI$
<P 5B>
SOFON 'EINAI TA TOIAUTA, KAI8 'ORQW$ NOMIZEIN KAI 'EME "HGOU
KAI MH DIKAZOU; 'EI DE MH, 'EKEINWI TW*I DIDASKALWI LACE DIKHN
PROTERON 'H= 'EMOI4, "W$ TOU$ PRESBUTEROU$ DIAFQEIRONTI 'EME TE-KAI
TON "AUTOU PATERA, 'EME MEN DIDASKONTI, 'EKEINON DE NOUQETOUNTI
TE-KAI KOLAZONTI % KAI 'AN2 MH MOI PEIQHTAI MHDE 'AFIHI5
TH$ DIKH$ 'H= 'ANT' 'EMOU4 GRAFHTAI SE, 'AUTA TAUTA LEGEIN 'EN TW*I
DIKASTHRIWI "A PROUKALOUMHN 'AUTON:
EUQ _ NAI MA DI=A 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EI 'A=RA 'EME 'EPICEIRHSEIE
<P 5C>
GRAFESQAI, "EUROIM' 'AN4, "W$ 'OIMAI, "OPHI SAQRO$ 'ESTIN, KAI POLU
'AN4 "HMIN PROTERON PERI= 'EKEINOU LOGO$ 'EGENETO 'EN TW*I DIKASTHRIWI
'H= PERI= 'EMOU4.
SW _ KAI 'EGW TOI, 'W* FILE "ETAIRE, TAUTA GIGNWSKWN
MAQHTH$ 'EPIQUMW0 GENESQAI SO$, 'EIDW$ "OTI4 KAI 'ALLO$ POU TI$
KAI "O MELHTO$ "OUTO$ SE MEN-'OUDE DOKEI0 "ORAN, 'EME DE "OUTW$
'OXEW$ 'ATECNW$8 KAI "RA\DIW$ KATEIDEN "WSTE 'ASEBEIA$ 'EGRAYATO.
NU*N 'OUN PRO$ DIO$ LEGE MOI "O= NUNDH SAFW$ 'EIDENAI
DIISCURIZOU, POION TI TO 'EUSEBE$ FH=I$ 'EINAI KAI TO 'ASEBE$
<P 5D>
KAI PERI= FONOU KAI PERI= TWN 'ALLWN: 'H= 'OU 'TAUTON 'ESTIN 'EN
PASHI PRAXEI TO "OSION 'AUTO "AUTWI, KAI TO 'ANOSION 'AU TOU* MEN
"OSIOU PANTO$ 'ENANTION, 'AUTO DE "AUTWI "OMOION KAI 'ECON MIAN
TINA 'IDEAN KATA THN 'ANOSIOTHTA PAN "OTIPER2 'AN4 MELLHI5
'ANOSION 'EINAI:
EUQ _ PANTW$ DHPOU, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ LEGE DH, TI= FH=I$ 'EINAI TO "OSION KAI TI= TO 'ANOSION:
EUQ _ LEGW0 TOINUN "OTI4 TO MEN "OSION 'ESTIN "OPER 'EGW NU*N
POIW0, TW*I 'ADIKOUNTI 'H= PERI= FONOU$ 'H= PERI= "IERWN KLOPA$ 'H= TI
'ALLO TWN TOIOUTWN 'EXAMARTANONTI 'EPEXIENAI, 'EANTE PATHR
<P 5E>
'WN TUGCANHI5 'EANTE MHTHR 'EANTE 'ALLO$ "OSTISOUN, TO DE MH
'EPEXIENAI 'ANOSION; 'EPEI, 'W* SWKRATE$, QEASAI "W$ MEGA SOI4 'ERW2
TEKMHRION TOU* NOMOU "OTI4 "OUTW$ 'ECEI0 % "O= KAI 'ALLOI$ 'HDH 'EIPON,
"OTI4 TAUTA 'ORQW$ 'AN4 'EIH "OUTW GIGNOMENA % MH 'EPITREPEIN TW*I 'ASEBOUNTI
MHD' 'AN2 "OSTISOUN TUGCANHI5 'WN. 'AUTOI GAR "OI 'ANQRWPOI
TUGCANOUSI0 NOMIZONTE$ TON DI=A TWN QEWN 'ARISTON KAI DIKAIOTATON,


<P 6A>
KAI TOUTON "OMOLOGOUSI0 TON "AUTOU PATERA DHSAI0 "OTI4
TOU$ "UEI$ KATEPINEN 'OUK 'EN DIKHI, 'KAKEINON GE 'AU TON "AUTOU
PATERA 'EKTEMEIN2 DI' "E=TERA TOIAUTA; 'EMOI4 DE CALEPAINOUSIN0
"OTI4 TW*I PATRI 'EPEXERCOMAI 'ADIKOUNTI, KAI "OUTW$ 'AUTOI "AUTOI$
TA 'ENANTIA LEGOUSI0 PERI= TE TWN QEWN KAI PERI= 'EMOU4.
SW _ 'A*RA-GE, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN, TOUT' 'ESTIN "OU8 "OUNEKA THN
GRAFHN FEUGW0, "OTI4 TA TOIAUTA 'EPEIDAN TI$ PERI= TWN QEWN
LEGHI5, DUSCERW$ PW$ 'APODECOMAI: DIO DH, "W$ 'EOIKE0, FHSEI2
TI$ ME 'EXAMARTANEIN. NU*N 'OUN 'EI KAI SOI4 TAUTA SUNDOKEI0 TW*I
<P 6B>
'EU 'EIDOTI PERI= TWN TOIOUTWN, 'ANAGKH DH, "W$ 'EOIKE0, KAI "HMIN
SUGCWREIN. TI= GAR-KAI FHSOMEN, "OI= GE-KAI 'AUTOI "OMOLOGOUMEN
PERI= 'AUTWN MHDEN 'EIDENAI: 'ALLA= MOI 'EIPE= PRO$
FILIOU, SU "W$ 'ALHQW$ "HGHI0 TAUTA "OUTW$ GEGONENAI:
EUQ _ KAI 'ETI GE TOUTWN QAUMASIW=TERA, 'W* SWKRATE$, "A
"OI POLLOI 'OUK 'ISASIN.
SW _ KAI POLEMON 'A*RA "HGHI0 SU 'EINAI TW*I-'ONTI 'EN TOI$ QEOI$
PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$, KAI 'ECQRA$ GE DEINA$ KAI MACA$ KAI 'A=LLA
TOIAUTA POLLA, "OIA LEGETAI TE "UPO TWN POIHTWN, KAI "UPO TWN
<P 6C>
'AGAQWN GRAFEWN TA TE 'A=LLA "IERA "HMIN KATAPEPOIKILTAI, KAI-DH-KAI
TOI$ MEGALOI$ PANAQHNAIOI$ "O PEPLO$ MESTO$ TWN
TOIOUTWN POIKILMATWN 'ANAGETAI 'EI$ THN 'AKROPOLIN: TAUTA
'ALHQH FWMEN 'EINAI, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN:
EUQ _ MH MONON GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALL' "OPER 'ARTI 'EIPON,
KAI 'A=LLA SOI4 'EGW POLLA, 'EANPER BOULHI3, PERI= TWN QEIWN
DIHGHSOMAI, "A SU 'AKOUWN 'EU 'OID' "OTI4 'EKPLAGHSHI.
SW _ 'OUK 'AN4 QAUMAZOIMI. 'ALLA= TAUTA MEN MOI 'EI$ 'AUQI$
'EPI SCOLH$ DIHGHSHI2; NUNI DE "OPER 'ARTI SE 'HROMHN PEIRW5
<P 6D>
SAFESTERON 'EIPEIN. 'OU-GAR ME, 'W* "ETAIRE, TO PROTERON
"IKANW$ 'EDIDAXA$ 'ERWTHSANTA TO "OSION "OTI2 POT' 'EIH, 'ALLA= MOI
'EIPE$ "OTI4 TOUTO TUGCANEI0 "OSION 'ON "O= SU NU*N POIEI$, FONOU
'EPEXIWN TW*I PATRI.
EUQ _ KAI 'ALHQH GE 'ELEGON, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'ISW$. 'ALLA=-GAR, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN, KAI 'A=LLA POLLA
FH=I$ 'EINAI "O=SIA.
EUQ _ KAI-GAR 'ESTIN.
SW _ MEMNHSAI 'OUN "OTI4 'OU TOUTO SOI4 DIEKELEUOMHN, "EN TI
'H= DUO ME DIDAXAI0 TWN POLLWN "OSIWN, 'ALL' 'EKEINO 'AUTO TO
'EIDO$ "WI PANTA TA "O=SIA "O=SIA 'ESTIN: 'EFHSQA GAR-POU MIA*I 'IDEA\
<P 6E>
TA TE 'ANO=SIA 'ANO=SIA 'EINAI KAI TA "O=SIA "O=SIA; 'H= 'OU MNHMONEUEI$:
EUQ _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ TAUTHN TOINUN ME 'AUTHN DIDAXON2 THN 'IDEAN TI=$ POTE
'ESTIN, "INA 'EI$ 'EKEINHN 'APOBLEPWN KAI CRWMENO$ 'AUTHI PARADEIGMATI,
"O= MEN 'AN4 TOIOUTON 'HI "WN 'AN4 'H= SU 'H= 'ALLO$ TI$
PRATTHI5 FW "OSION 'EINAI, "O= D' 'AN4 MH TOIOUTON, MH FW.
EUQ _ 'ALL' 'EI "OUTW BOULEI, 'W* SWKRATE$, KAI "OUTW SOI4
FRASW2.
SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN BOULOMAI GE.
EUQ _ 'ESTI TOINUN TO MEN TOI$ QEOI$ PROSFILE$ "OSION, TO


<P 7A>
DE MH PROSFILE$ 'ANOSION.
SW _ PAGKALW$, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN, KAI "W$ 'EGW 'EZHTOUN 'APOKRINASQAI
SE, "OUTW NU*N 'APEKRINW. 'EI MENTOI 'ALHQW$, TOUTO 'OUPW
'OIDA, 'ALLA= SU DHLON "OTI4 'EPEKDIDAXEI$ "W$ 'ESTIN 'ALHQH "A LEGEI$.
EUQ _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ FERE DH, 'EPISKEYWMEQA TI= LEGOMEN. TO MEN QEOFILE$
TE-KAI QEOFILH$ 'ANQRWPO$ "OSIO$, TO DE QEOMISE$ KAI "O
QEOMISH$ 'ANOSIO$; 'OU 'TAUTON D' 'ESTIN, 'ALLA= TO 'ENANTIWTATON,
TO "OSION TW*I 'ANOSIWI; 'OUC "OUTW$:
EUQ _ "OUTW MEN-'OUN.
SW _ KAI 'EU GE FAINETAI 'EIRHSQAI:
<P 7B>
EUQ _ DOKW0, 'W* SWKRATE$. 'EIRHTAI8 GAR8.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N KAI "OTI4 STASIAZOUSIN0 "OI QEOI, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN,
KAI DIAFERONTAI 'ALLHLOI$ KAI 'E=CQRA 'ESTIN 'EN 'AUTOI$ PRO$
'ALLHLOU$, KAI TOUTO 'EIRHTAI:
EUQ _ 'EIRHTAI GAR.
SW _ 'E=CQRAN DE-KAI 'ORGA$, 'W* 'ARISTE, "H PERI= TI=NWN
DIAFORA POIEI0: "WDE DE SKOPWMEN. 'A*R' 'AN4 'EI DIAFEROIMEQA
'EGW TE-KAI SU PERI= 'ARIQMOU "OPO=TERA PLEIW, "H PERI= TOUTWN
DIAFORA 'ECQROU$ 'AN4 "HMA$ POIOI* KAI 'ORGIZESQAI 'ALLHLOI$,
'H= 'EPI LOGISMON 'ELQONTE$ PERI= GE TWN TOIOUTWN TACU 'AN4
<P 7C>
'APALLAGEIMEN:
EUQ _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N KAI PERI= TOU* MEIZONO$ KAI 'ELATTONO$ 'EI
DIAFEROIMEQA, 'EPI TO METREIN 'ELQONTE$ TACU PAUSAIMEQ' 'AN4
TH$ DIAFORA$:
EUQ _ 'ESTI TAUTA.
SW _ KAI 'EPI GE TO "ISTANAI 'ELQONTE$, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, PERI=
TOU* BARUTEROU TE-KAI KOUFOTEROU DIAKRIQEIMEN 'AN4:
EUQ _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ PERI= TI=NO$ DE-DH DIENECQENTE$ KAI 'EPI TI=NA KRISIN
'OU DUNAMENOI 'AFIKESQAI 'ECQROI GE 'AN4 'ALLHLOI$ 'EIMEN KAI
'ORGIZOIMEQA: 'ISW$ 'OU PROCEIRON SOI4 'ESTIN, 'ALL' 'EMOU4 LEGONTO$
<P 7D>
SKOPEI5 'EI TADE 'ESTI TO TE DIKAION KAI TO 'ADIKON KAI
KALON KAI 'AISCRON KAI 'AGAQON KAI KAKON. 'A*RA 'OU TAUTA
'ESTIN PERI= "WN DIENECQENTE$ KAI 'OU DUNAMENOI 'EPI "IKANHN
KRISIN 'AUTWN 'ELQEIN 'ECQROI 'ALLHLOI$ GIGNOMEQA, "OTAN GIGNWMEQA,
KAI 'EGW KAI SU KAI "OI 'ALLOI 'ANQRWPOI PANTE$:
EUQ _ 'ALL' 'ESTIN "AU=TH "H DIAFORA, 'W* SWKRATE$, KAI
PERI= TOUTWN.
SW _ TI= DE "OI QEOI, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN: 'OUK 'EIPER TI DIAFERONTAI,
DI' 'AUTA TAUTA DIAFEROINT' 'AN4:
EUQ _ POLLH 'ANAGKH.
<P 7E>
SW _ KAI TWN QEWN 'A=RA 'W* GENNAIE 'EUQUFRWN, 'ALLOI
'A=LLA DI=KAIA "HGOUNTAI KATA TON SON LOGON, KAI KALA KAI
'AISCRA KAI 'AGAQA KAI KAKA; 'OU-GAR 'AN4 POU 'ESTASIAZON
'ALLHLOI$ 'EI MH PERI= TOUTWN DIEFERONTO; 'H*-GAR:
EUQ _ 'ORQW$ LEGEI$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "APER KALA "HGOUNTAI "EKASTOI KAI 'AGAQA KAI
DI=KAIA, TAUTA KAI FILOUSIN0, TA DE 'ENANTIA TOUTWN MISOUSIN0:
EUQ _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'TAUTA DE-GE, "W$ SU FH=I$, "OI MEN DI=KAIA "HGOUNTAI,


<P 8A>
"OI DE 'ADIKA, PERI= "A KAI 'AMFISBHTOUNTE$ STASIAZOUSI0 TE-KAI
POLEMOUSIN0 'ALLHLOI$; 'A*RA 'OUC "OUTW:
EUQ _ "OUTW.
SW _ 'TAUT' 'A=RA, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, MISEITAI TE "UPO TWN QEWN
KAI FILEITAI, KAI QEOMISH TE-KAI QEOFILH 'TAUT' 'AN4 'EIH.
EUQ _ 'EOIKEN0.
SW _ KAI "O=SIA 'A=RA KAI 'ANO=SIA TA 'AUTA 'AN4 'EIH, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN,
TOUTWI TW*I LOGWI.
EUQ _ KINDUNEUEI0.
SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA "O= 'HROMHN 'APEKRINW, 'W* QAUMASIE. 'OU-GAR
TOUTO GE 'HRWTWN, "O= TUGCANEI0 'TAUTON 'ON "OSION TE-KAI 'ANOSION;
"O= D' 'AN4 QEOFILE$ 'HI KAI QEOMISE$ 'ESTIN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0.
<P 8B>
"WSTE, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN, "O= SU NU*N POIEI$ TON PATERA KOLAZWN,
'OUDEN QAUMASTON 'EI TOUTO DRWN TW*I MEN DII PROSFILE$
POIEI$, TW*I DE KRONWI KAI TW*I 'OURANWI 'ECQRON, KAI TW*I MEN
"HFAISTWI FILON, THI DE "HRA\ 'ECQRON, KAI 'EI TI$ 'ALLO$ TWN
QEWN "ETERO$ "ETERWI DIAFERETAI PERI= 'AUTOU4, KAI 'EKEINOI$ KATA
TA 'AUTA.
EUQ _ 'ALL' 'OIMAI, 'W* SWKRATE$, PERI= GE TOUTOU TWN
QEWN 'OUDENA "ETERON "ETERWI DIAFERESQAI, "W$ 'OU DEI DIKHN
DIDONAI 'EKEINON "O$ 'AN4 'ADIKW$ TINA 'APOKTEINHI5.
SW _ TI= DE: 'ANQRWPWN, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN, 'HDH TINO$ 'HKOUSA$
<P 8C>
'AMFISBHTOUNTO$ "W$ TON 'ADIKW$ 'APOKTEINANTA 'H= 'ALLO 'ADIKW$
POIOUNTA "OTIOUN 'OU DEI DIKHN DIDONAI:
EUQ _ 'OUDEN-MEN-'OUN PAUONTAI TAUTA 'AMFISBHTOUNTE$
KAI 'ALLOQI KAI 'EN TOI$ DIKASTHRIOI$; 'ADIKOUNTE$ GAR PAMPOLLA,
PANTA POIOUSI0 KAI LEGOUSI0 FEUGONTE$ THN DIKHN.
SW _ 'H*-KAI "OMOLOGOUSIN0, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN, 'ADIKEIN, KAI
"OMOLOGOUNTE$ "OMW$ 'OU DEIN FASI0 SFA$ DIDONAI DIKHN:
EUQ _ 'OUDAMW$ TOUTO GE.
SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA PAN GE POIOUSI0 KAI LEGOUSI0; TOUTO GAR
'OIMAI 'OU TOLMWSI0 LEGEIN 'OUD' 'AMFISBHTEIN, "W$ 'OUCI 'EIPER
<P 8D>
'ADIKOUSI0 GE DOTEON DIKHN, 'ALL' 'OIMAI 'OU FASIN0 'ADIKEIN;
'H*-GAR:
EUQ _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA 'EKEINO GE 'AMFISBHTOUSIN0, "W$ 'OU TON
'ADIKOUNTA DEI DIDONAI DIKHN, 'ALL' 'EKEINO 'ISW$ 'AMFISBHTOUSIN0,
TO TI=$ 'ESTIN "O 'ADIKWN KAI TI= DRWN KAI PO=TE.
EUQ _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'AUTA GE TAUTA KAI "OI QEOI PEPONQASIN,
'EIPER STASIAZOUSI0 PERI= TWN DIKAIWN KAI 'ADIKWN "W$ "O SO$
LOGO$, KAI "OI MEN FASIN0 'ALLHLOU$ 'ADIKEIN, "OI DE 'OU FASIN0:
'EPEI 'EKEINO GE-DHPOU, 'W* QAUMASIE, 'OUDEI$ 'OUTE QEWN 'OUTE
<P 8E>
'ANQRWPWN TOLMA*I0 LEGEIN, "W$ 'OU TW*I GE 'ADIKOUNTI DOTEON DIKHN.
EUQ _ NAI, TOUTO MEN 'ALHQE$ LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$, TO GE
KEFALAION.
SW _ 'ALL' "EKASTON GE 'OIMAI, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN, TWN PRACQENTWN5
'AMFISBHTOUSIN0 "OI 'AMFISBHTOUNTE$, KAI 'ANQRWPOI
KAI QEOI, 'EIPER 'AMFISBHTOUSIN0 QEOI; PRAXEW$ TINO$ PE=RI
DIAFEROMENOI "OI MEN DIKAIW$ FASIN0 'AUTHN PEPRACQAI, "OI DE
'ADIKW$; 'A*R' 'OUC "OUTW:
EUQ _ PANU GE.


<P 9A>
SW _ 'IQI NUN 'W* FILE 'EUQUFRWN, DIDAXON2 KAI 'EME, "INA
SOFWTERO$ GENWMAI, TI= SOI4 TEKMHRION 'ESTIN "W$ PANTE$ QEOI
"HGOUNTAI 'EKEINON 'ADIKW$ TEQNANAI, "O$ 'AN4 QHTEUWN 'ANDROFONO$
GENOMENO$, SUNDEQEI$ "UPO TOU* DESPOTOU TOU* 'APOQANONTO$,
FQASHI6 TELEUTHSA$ DIA= TA DESMA PRIN TON SUNDHSANTA PARA
TWN 'EXHGHTWN PERI= 'AUTOU4 PUQESQAI TI= CRH POIEIN, KAI "UPER
TOU* TOIOUTOU DH 'ORQW$ 'ECEI0 'EPEXIENAI KAI 'EPISKHPTESQAI
FONOU TON "UON TW*I PATRI: 'IQI, PERI= TOUTWN PEIRW5 TI MOI
<P 9B>
SAFE$ 'ENDEIXASQAI "W$ PANTO$ MALLON PANTE$ QEOI "HGOUNTAI
'ORQW$ 'ECEIN TAUTHN THN PRAXIN; 'KAN2 MOI "IKANW$ 'ENDEIXHI4,
'EGKWMIAZWN SE 'EPI SOFIA\ 'OUDEPOTE PAUSOMAI.
EUQ _ 'ALL' 'ISW$ 'OUK 'OLIGON 'ERGON 'ESTIN, 'W* SWKRATE$,
'EPEI PANU GE SAFW$ 'ECOIMI 'AN4 'EPIDEIXAI0 SOI4.
SW _ MANQANW0; "OTI4 SOI4 DOKW0 TWN DIKASTWN DUSMAQESTERO$
'EINAI, 'EPEI 'EKEINOI$ GE 'ENDEIXHI2 DHLON "OTI4 "W$ 'ADIKA TE
'ESTIN KAI "OI QEOI "APANTE$ TA TOIAUTA MISOUSIN0.
EUQ _ PANU GE SAFW$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EANPER 'AKOUWSI GE
MOU LEGONTO$.
<P 9C>
SW _ 'ALL' 'AKOUSONTAI. 'EANPER 'EU DOKHI$ LEGEIN. TODE DE
SOU4 'ENENOHSA "AMA LEGONTO$ KAI PRO$ 'EMAUTON SKOPW0; 'EI
"OTI2 MALISTA ME 'EUQUFRWN DIDAXEIEN "W$ "OI QEOI "APANTE$ TON
TOIOUTON QANATON "HGOUNTAI 'ADIKON 'EINAI, TI= MALLON 'EGW
MEMAQHKA PAR' 'EUQUFRONO$ TI= POT' 'ESTIN TO "OSION TE-KAI TO
'ANOSION: QEOMISE$ MEN-GAR TOUTO TO 'ERGON, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'EIH
'AN4. 'ALLA=-GAR 'OU TOUTWI 'EFANH 'ARTI "WRISMENA TO "OSION
KAI MH; TO GAR QEOMISE$ 'ON KAI QEOFILE$ 'EFANH. "WSTE
TOUTOU MEN 'AFIHMI SE, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN; 'EI BOULEI, PANTE$ 'AUTO
<P 9D>
"HGEISQWN QEOI 'ADIKON KAI PANTE$ MISOUNTWN3. 'ALL'-'A*RA TOUTO
"O= NU*N 'EPANORQOUMEQA 'EN TW*I LOGWI % "W$ "O= MEN 'AN4 PANTE$ "OI
QEOI MISWSIN 'ANOSION 'ESTIN, "O= D' 'AN4 FILWSIN, "OSION; "O= D' 'AN4
"OI MEN FILWSIN "OI DE MISWSIN, 'OUDE=TERA 'H= 'AMFO=TERA % 'A*R' "OUTW
BOULEI "HMIN "WRISQAI NU*N PERI= TOU* "OSIOU KAI TOU* 'ANOSIOU:
EUQ _ TI= GAR KWLUEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW _ 'OUDEN 'EME GE, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN, 'ALLA= SU DH TO SON SKOPEI5,
'EI TOUTO "UPOQEMENO$ "OUTW "RA\STA ME DIDAXEI$ "O= "UPESCOU.
<P 9E>
EUQ _ 'ALL' 'EGWGE FAIHN 'AN4 TOUTO 'EINAI TO "OSION "O= 'AN4
PANTE$ "OI QEOI FILWSIN, KAI TO 'ENANTION, "O= 'AN PANTE$ QEOI
MISWSIN, 'ANOSION.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EPISKOPWMEN 'AU TOUTO, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN, 'EI
KALW$ LEGETAI, 'H= 'EWMEN KAI "OUTW "HMWN TE 'AUTWN 'APODECWMEQA
KAI TWN 'ALLWN, 'EA=N MONON FHI TI$ TI 'ECEIN "OUTW
SUGCWROUNTE$ 'ECEIN: 'H= SKEPTEON TI= LEGEI0 "O LEGWN:
EUQ _ SKEPTEON; 'OIMAI MENTOI 'EGWGE TOUTO NUNI KALW$
LEGESQAI.


<P 10A>
SW _ TAC', 'WGAQE, BELTION 'EISOMEQA. 'ENNOHSON2 GAR TO
TOIONDE; 'A*RA TO "OSION "OTI4 "OSION 'ESTIN FILEITAI "UPO TWN
QEWN, 'H= "OTI4 FILEITAI "OSION 'ESTIN:
EUQ _ 'OUK 'OID' "OTI2 LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'ALL' 'EGW PEIRASOMAI SAFESTERON FRASAI0. LEGOMEN
TI FEROMENON KAI FERON KAI 'AGOMENON KAI 'AGON KAI
"ORWMENON KAI "ORWN KAI PANTA TA TOIAUTA MANQANEI$ "OTI4
"E=TERA 'ALLHLWN 'ESTI KAI "HI "E=TERA:
EUQ _ 'EGWGE MOI DOKW0 MANQANEIN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N KAI FILOUMENON TI 'ESTIN KAI TOUTOU "ETERON
TO FILOUN:
EUQ _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
<P 10B>
SW _ LEGE DH MOI, POTERON TO FEROMENON DIOTI FERETAI
FEROMENON 'ESTIN, 'H= DI' 'ALLO TI:
EUQ _ 'OU=K, 'ALLA= DIA= TOUTO.
SW _ KAI TO 'AGOMENON DH DIOTI 'AGETAI, KAI TO "ORWMENON
DIOTI "ORATAI:
EUQ _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA DIOTI "ORWMENON GE 'ESTIN, DIA= TOUTO "ORATAI0,
'ALLA= TO 'ENANTION DIOTI "ORATAI0, DIA= TOUTO "ORWMENON; 'OUDE
DIOTI 'AGOMENON 'ESTIN, DIA= TOUTO 'AGETAI, 'ALLA= DIOTI 'AGETAI,
DIA= TOUTO 'AGOMENON; 'OUDE DIOTI FEROMENON FERETAI, 'ALLA=
DIOTI FERETAI FEROMENON. 'A*RA KATADHLON, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN, "O=
<P 10C>
BOULOMAI LEGEIN: BOULOMAI DE TODE, "OTI4 'EI TI GIGNETAI 'H= TI
PASCEI0, 'OUC "OTI4 GIGNOMENON 'ESTI GIGNETAI, 'ALL' "OTI4 GIGNETAI
GIGNOMENON 'ESTIN; 'OUD' "OTI4 PASCON 'ESTI PASCEI0, 'ALL' "OTI4
PASCEI0 PASCON 'ESTIN; 'H= 'OU SUGCWREI$ "OUTW:
EUQ _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TO FILOUMENON 'H= GIGNOMENON TI 'ESTIN 'H=
PASCON TI "UPO TOU:
EUQ _ PANU GE.
SW _ KAI TOUTO 'A=RA "OUTW$ 'ECEI0 "WSPER TA PRO=TERA; 'OUC
"OTI4 FILOUMENON 'ESTIN FILEITAI "UPO "WN FILEITAI, 'ALL' "OTI4
FILEITAI FILOUMENON:
EUQ _ 'ANAGKH.
<P 10D>
SW _ TI= DH-'OUN LEGOMEN PERI= TOU* "OSIOU, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN:
'ALLO TI FILEITAI "UPO QEWN PANTWN, "W$ "O SO$ LOGO$:
EUQ _ NAI.
SW _ 'A*RA DIA= TOUTO, "OTI4 "OSION 'ESTIN, 'H= DI' 'ALLO TI:
EUQ _ 'OU=K, 'ALLA= DIA= TOUTO.
SW _ DIOTI 'A=RA "OSION 'ESTIN FILEITAI, 'ALL' 'OUC "OTI4
FILEITAI, DIA= TOUTO "OSION 'ESTIN:
EUQ _ 'EOIKEN0.
SW _ 'ALLA=-MEN-DH DIOTI GE FILEITAI "UPO QEWN FILOUMENON
'ESTI KAI QEOFILE$.
EUQ _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA TO QEOFILE$ "OSION 'ESTIN, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN, 'OUDE
TO "OSION QEOFILE$, "W$ SU LEGEI$, 'ALL' "ETERON TOUTO TOUTOU.
<P 10E>
EUQ _ PW*$ DH, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW _ "OTI4 "OMOLOGOUMEN TO MEN "OSION DIA= TOUTO FILEISQAI,
"OTI4 "OSION 'ESTIN, 'ALL' 'OU DIOTI FILEITAI "OSION 'EINAI; 'H*-GAR:
EUQ _ NAI.
SW _ TO DE-GE QEOFILE$ "OTI4 FILEITAI "UPO QEWN, 'AUTWI
TOUTWI TW*I FILEISQAI QEOFILE$ 'EINAI, 'ALL' 'OUC "OTI4 QEOFILE$,
DIA= TOUTO FILEISQAI.
EUQ _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW _ 'ALL' 'EI GE 'TAUTON 'H*N, 'W* FILE 'EUQUFRWN, TO
QEOFILE$ KAI TO "OSION, 'EI MEN DIA= TO "OSION 'EINAI 'EFILEITO TO


<P 11A>
"OSION, KAI DIA= TO QEOFILE$ 'EINAI 'EFILEITO 'AN4 TO QEOFILE$, 'EI
DE DIA= TO FILEISQAI "UPO QEWN TO QEOFILE$ QEOFILE$ 'H*N, KAI
TO "OSION 'AN4 DIA= TO FILEISQAI "OSION 'H*N; NU*N DE "ORA*I$0 "OTI4
'ENANTIW$ 'ECETON0, "W$ PANTAPASIN "ETERW 'ONTE 'ALLHLWN. TO
MEN-GAR "OTI4 FILEITAI, 'ESTIN "OION FILEISQAI; TO D' "OTI4 'ESTIN
"OION FILEISQAI, DIA= TOUTO FILEITAI. KAI KINDUNEUEI$, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN,
'ERWTWMENO$ TO "OSION "OTI2 POT' 'ESTIN, THN MEN 'OUSIAN
MOI 'AUTOU4 'OU BOULESQAI DHLWSAI0, PAQO$ DE TI PERI= 'AUTOU4
LEGEIN, "OTI2 PEPONQE0 TOUTO TO "OSION, FILEISQAI "UPO PANTWN
<P 11B>
QEWN; "OTI2 DE 'ON, 'OUPW 'EIPE$. 'EI 'OUN SOI4 FILON, MH ME 'APOKRUYHI4
'ALLA= PALIN 'EIPE= 'EX 'ARCH$ TI= POTE 'ON TO "OSION 'EITE
FILEITAI "UPO QEWN 'EITE "OTIDH PASCEI0 % 'OU-GAR PERI= TOUTOU
DIOISOMEQA % 'ALL' 'EIPE= PROQUMW$ TI= 'ESTIN TO TE "OSION KAI
TO 'ANOSION:
EUQ _ 'ALL', 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUK 'ECW0 'EGWGE "OPW$ SOI4 'EIPW
"O= NOW0. PERIERCETAI GAR PW$ "HMIN 'AEI "O= 'A=N4 PROQWMEQA KAI
'OUK 'EQELEI0 MENEIN "OPOU 'AN4 "IDRUSWMEQA 'AUTO.
SW _ TOU* "HMETEROU PROGONOU, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN, 'EOIKEN0 'EINAI
<P 11C>
DAIDALOU TA "UPO SOU4 LEGOMENA. KAI 'EI MEN 'AUTA 'EGW 'ELEGON
KAI 'ETIQEMHN, 'ISW$ 'AN4 ME 'EPESKWPTE$ "W$ 'A=RA-KAI 'EMOI4 KATA
THN 'EKEINOU SUGGENEIAN TA 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$ 'ERGA 'APODIDRASKEI0
KAI 'OUK 'EQELEI0 MENEIN "OPOU 'AN4 TI$ 'AUTA QHI6; NU*N DE SAI GAR
"AI "UPOQESEI$ 'EISIN. 'ALLOU DH TINO$ DEI SKWMMATO$; 'OU-GAR
'EQELOUSI0 SOI4 MENEIN, "W$ KAI 'AUTWI SOI4 DOKEI0.
EUQ _ 'EMOI4 DE DOKEI0 SCEDON TI TOU* 'AUTOU4 SKWMMATO$, 'W*
SWKRATE$, DEISQAI TA LEGOMENA; TO GAR PERIIENAI 'AUTOI$
TOUTO KAI MH MENEIN 'EN TW*I 'AUTWI 'OUK 'EGW 'EIMI "O 'ENTIQEI$,
<P 11D>
'ALLA= SU MOI DOKEI$ "O DAIDALO$, 'EPEI 'EMOU4 GE "ENEKA 'EMENEN
'AN4 TAUTA "OUTW$.
SW _ KINDUNEUW0 'A=RA, 'W* "ETAIRE, 'EKEINOU TOU* 'ANDRO$ DEINOTERO$
GEGONENAI THN TECNHN TOSOUTWI, "OSWI "O MEN TA "AUTOU
MONA 'EPOIEI 'OU MENONTA, 'EGW DE PRO$ TOI$ 'EMAUTOU, "W$ 'EOIKE0,
KAI TA 'ALLO=TRIA. KAI-DHTA TOUTO MOI TH$ TECNH$ 'ESTI
KOMYOTATON, "OTI4 'AKWN 'EIMI SOFO$; 'EBOULOMHN GAR 'AN4 MOI
TOU$ LOGOU$ MENEIN KAI 'AKINHTW$ "IDRUSQAI MALLON 'H= PRO$ THI
<P 11E>
DAIDALOU SOFIA\ TA TANTALOU CRHMATA GENESQAI. KAI TOUTWN
MEN "ADHN; 'EPEIDH DE MOI DOKEI$ SU TRUFAN, 'AUTO$ SOI4
SUMPROQUMHSOMAI DEIXAI80 "OPW$ 'AN4 ME DIDAXHI$ PERI= TOU*
"OSIOU. KAI MH PROAPOKAMHI$; 'IDE GAR 'EI 'OUK 'ANAGKAION SOI4
DOKEI0 DIKAION 'EINAI PAN TO "OSION.
EUQ _ 'EMOIGE.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN-KAI PAN TO DIKAION "OSION: 'H= TO MEN "OSION


<P 12A>
PAN DIKAION, TO DE DIKAION 'OU PAN "OSION, 'ALLA= TO MEN 'AUTOU4
"OSION, TO DE TI KAI 'ALLO:
EUQ _ 'OUC "EPOMAI, 'W* SWKRATE$, TOI$ LEGOMENOI$.
SW _ KAI-MHN NEWTERO$ GE MOU 'EI* 'OUK 'ELATTON 'H= "OSWI
SOFWTERO$; 'ALL', "O= LEGW0, TRUFA*I$0 "UPO PLOUTOU TH$ SOFIA$.
'ALL', 'W* MAKARIE, SUNTEINE SAUTON; KAI-GAR-'OUDE CALEPON
KATANOHSAI0 "O= LEGW0. LEGW0 GAR-DH TO 'ENANTION 'H= "O POIHTH$
'EPOIHSEN "O POIHSA$ %
ZHNA9 DE9 TON9 Q'98 'ERXANTA9 KAI9 "O$9 TADE9 PANT'9 'EFUTEUSEN9
<P 12B>
'OUK9 'EQELEI90 NEIKEIN9; "INA9 GAR9 DEO$9 'ENQA9 KAI9 'AIDW$9.
'EGW 'OUN TOUTWI DIAFEROMAI TW*I POIHTHI. 'EIPW SOI4 "OPHI:
EUQ _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'OU DOKEI0 MOI 'EINAI "INA1 DEO$1 'ENQA1 KAI1 'AIDW$1;
POLLOI GAR MOI DOKOUSI0 KAI NOSOU$ KAI PENIA$ KAI 'A=LLA
POLLA TOIAUTA DEDIOTE$ DEDIENAI MEN, 'AIDEISQAI DE MHDEN
TAUTA "A DEDIASIN; 'OU-KAI SOI4 DOKEI0:
EUQ _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'ALL' "INA1 GE 'AIDW$1 'ENQA1 KAI1 DEO$1 'EINAI; 'EPEI 'ESTIN
"OSTI$ 'AIDOUMENO$ TI PRAGMA KAI 'AICUNOMENO$ 'OU PEFOBHTAI
<P 12C>
TE-KAI DEDOIKEN0 "AMA DOXAN PONHRIA$:
EUQ _ DEDOIKE0 MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'OUK-'A=R' 'ORQW$ 'ECEI0 LEGEIN; "INA1 GAR1 DEO$1 'ENQA1 KAI1
'AIDW$1, 'ALL' "INA1 MEN 'AIDW$1 'ENQA1 KAI1 DEO$1, 'OU-MENTOI "INA GE
DEO$ PANTACOU 'AIDW$; 'EPI PLEON GAR 'OIMAI DEO$ 'AIDOU$.
MORION GAR 'AIDW$ DEOU$ "WSPER 'ARIQMOU PERITTON, "WSTE 'OUC
"INAPER 'ARIQMO$ 'ENQA KAI PERITTON, "INA DE PERITTON 'ENQA KAI
'ARIQMO$. "EPHI0 GAR-POU NU*N GE:
EUQ _ PANU GE.
SW _ TO TOIOUTON TOINUN KAI 'EKEI LEGWN 'HRWTWN; 'A*RA "INA
<P 12D>
DIKAION 'ENQA KAI "OSION: 'H= "INA MEN "OSION 'ENQA KAI DIKAION,
"INA DE DIKAION 'OU PANTACOU "OSION; MORION GAR TOU* DIKAIOU
TO "OSION: "OUTW FWMEN 'H= 'ALLW$ SOI4 DOKEI0:
EUQ _ 'OU=K, 'ALL' "OUTW. FAINHI0 GAR MOI 'ORQW$ LEGEIN.
SW _ "ORA DH TO META TOUTO. 'EI GAR MERO$ TO "OSION TOU*
DIKAIOU, DEI DH "HMA$, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'EXEUREIN TO POION MERO$ 'AN4
'EIH TOU* DIKAIOU TO "OSION. 'EI MEN-'OUN SU ME 'HRWTA$ TI TWN
NUNDH, "OION POION MERO$ 'ESTIN 'ARIQMOU TO 'ARTION KAI TI=$ 'WN
TUGCANEI0 "OUTO$ "O 'ARIQMO$, 'EIPON 'AN4 "OTI4 "O$ 'AN4 MH SKALHNO$
'HI 'ALL' 'ISOSKELH$; 'H= 'OU DOKEI0 SOI4:
EUQ _ 'EMOIGE.
<P 12E>
SW _ PEIRW5 DH-KAI SU 'EME "OUTW DIDAXAI0 TO POION MERO$
TOU* DIKAIOU "OSION 'ESTIN, "INA KAI MELHTWI LEGWMEN MHKEQ'
"HMA$ 'ADIKEIN MHDE 'ASEBEIA$ GRAFESQAI, "W$ "IKANW$ 'HDH PARA
SOU4 MEMAQHKOTA$ TA TE 'EUSEBH KAI "O=SIA KAI TA MH.
EUQ _ TOUTO TOINUN 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, TO MERO$
TOU* DIKAIOU 'EINAI 'EUSEBE$ TE-KAI "OSION, TO PERI= THN TWN QEWN
QERAPEIAN, TO DE PERI= THN TWN 'ANQRWPWN TO LOIPON 'EINAI
TOU* DIKAIOU MERO$.
SW _ KAI KALW$ GE MOI, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN, FAINHI0 LEGEIN, 'ALLA=


<P 13A>
SMIKROU TINO$ 'ETI 'ENDEH$ 'EIMI; THN GAR QERAPEIAN 'OUPW
SUNIHMI "HNTINA 'ONOMAZEI$. 'OU-GAR-POU LEGEI$ GE, "OIAIPER KAI
"AI PERI= TA 'A=LLA QERAPEIAI 'EISIN, TOIAUTHN KAI PERI= QEOU$ %
LEGOMEN GAR-POU % "OION FAMEN "IPPOU$ 'OU PA$ 'EPISTATAI
QERAPEUEIN 'ALLA= "O "IPPIKO$; 'H*-GAR:
EUQ _ PANU GE.
SW _ "H GAR-POU "IPPIKH "IPPWN QERAPEIA.
EUQ _ NAI.
SW _ 'OUDE-GE KUNA$ PA$ 'EPISTATAI QERAPEUEIN 'ALLA= "O
KUNHGETIKO$.
EUQ _ "OUTW.
SW _ "H GAR-POU KUNHGETIKH KUNWN QERAPEIA.
<P 13B>
EUQ _ NAI.
SW _ "H DE-GE BOHLATIKH BOWN.
EUQ _ PANU GE.
SW _ "H DE-DH "OSIOTH$ TE-KAI 'EUSEBEIA QEWN, 'W*'EUQUFRWN:
"OUTW LEGEI$:
EUQ _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N QERAPEIA GE PASA 'TAUTON DIAPRATTETAI:
"OION TOIONDE; 'EP' 'AGAQWI TINI 'ESTI KAI 'WFELIA\ TOU* QERAPEUOMENOU,
"WSPER "ORA*I$0 DH "OTI4 "OI "IPPOI "UPO TH$ "IPPIKH$ QERAPEUOMENOI
'WFELOUNTAI KAI BELTIOU$ GIGNONTAI; 'H= 'OU DOKOUSI0
SOI4:
EUQ _ 'EMOIGE.
SW _ KAI "OI KUNE$ GE-POU "UPO TH$ KUNHGETIKH$, KAI "OI
<P 13C>
BOE$ "UPO TH$ BOHLATIKH$, KAI 'TALLA PANTA "WSAUTW$; 'H= 'EPI
BLABHI 'OIEI TOU* QERAPEUOMENOU THN QERAPEIAN 'EINAI:
EUQ _ MA DI=' 'OUK 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'ALL' 'EP' 'WFELIA\:
EUQ _ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
SW _ 'H*-'OUN-KAI "H "OSIOTH$ QERAPEIA 'OUSA QEWN 'WFELIA
TE 'ESTI QEWN KAI BELTIOU$ TOU$ QEOU$ POIEI0: KAI SU TOUTO
SUGCWRHSAI$ 'AN4, "W$ 'EPEIDAN TI "OSION POIHI$, BELTIW TINA
TWN QEWN 'APERGAZHI0:
EUQ _ MA DI=' 'OUK 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'OUDE-GAR 'EGW, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN, 'OIMAI SE TOUTO LEGEIN %
POLLOU KAI DEW0 % 'ALLA= TOUTOU DH "ENEKA KAI 'ANHROMHN
<P 13D>
TI=NA POTE LEGOI$ THN QERAPEIAN TWN QEWN, 'OUC "HGOUMENO$ SE
TOIAUTHN LEGEIN.
EUQ _ KAI 'ORQW$ GE, 'W* SWKRATE$; 'OU-GAR TOIAUTHN LEGW0.
SW _ 'EIEN; 'ALLA= TI=$ DH QEWN QERAPEIA 'EIH 'AN4 "H "OSIOTH$:
EUQ _ "HNPER, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OI DOULOI TOU$ DESPOTA$
QERAPEUOUSIN0.
SW _ MANQANW0; "UPHRETIKH TI$ 'AN4, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'EIH QEOI$.
EUQ _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'ECOI$ 'AN4 'OUN 'EIPEIN "H 'IATROI$ "UPHRETIKH 'EI$ TI=NO$
'ERGOU 'APERGASIAN TUGCANEI0 'OUSA "UPHRETIKH: 'OUK 'EI$ "UGIEIA$
'OIEI:
EUQ _ 'EGWGE.
<P 13E>
SW _ TI= DE "H NAUPHGOI$ "UPHRETIKH: 'EI$ TI=NO$ 'ERGOU
'APERGASIAN "UPHRETIKH 'ESTIN:
EUQ _ DHLON "OTI4, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EI$ PLOIOU.
SW _ KAI "H 'OIKODOMOI$ GE-POU 'EI$ 'OIKIA$:
EUQ _ NAI.
SW _ 'EIPE= DH, 'W* 'ARISTE; "H DE QEOI$ "UPHRETIKH 'EI$ TI=NO$
'ERGOU 'APERGASIAN "UPHRETIKH 'AN4 'EIH: DHLON GAR "OTI4 SU
'OISQA, 'EPEIDHPER TA GE QEIA KALLISTA FH=I$ 'EIDENAI 'ANQRWPWN.
EUQ _ KAI 'ALHQH GE LEGW0, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'EIPE= DH PRO$ DIO$ TI= POTE 'ESTIN 'EKEINO TO PAGKALON
'ERGON "O= "OI QEOI 'APERGAZONTAI "HMIN "UPHRETAI$ CRWMENOI:
EUQ _ POLLA KAI KALA, 'W* SWKRATE$.


<P 14A>
SW _ KAI-GAR "OI STRATHGOI, 'W* FILE; 'ALL' "OMW$ TO KEFALAION
'AUTWN "RA\DIW$ 'AN4 'EIPOI$, "OTI4 NIKHN 'EN TW*I POLEMWI
'APERGAZONTAI; 'H= 'OU=:
EUQ _ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
SW _ POLLA DE-G', 'OIMAI, KAI KALA KAI "OI GEWRGOI; 'ALL'
"OMW$ TO KEFALAION 'AUTWN 'ESTIN TH$ 'APERGASIA$ "H 'EK TH$
GH$ TROFH.
EUQ _ PANU GE.
SW _ TI= DE-DH TWN POLLWN KAI KALWN "A "OI QEOI 'APERGAZONTAI:
TI= TO KEFALAION 'ESTI TH$ 'ERGASIA$:
EUQ _ KAI 'OLIGON SOI4 PROTERON 'EIPON, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OTI4
<P 14B>
PLEIONO$ 'ERGOU 'ESTIN 'AKRIBW$ PANTA TAUTA "W$ 'ECEI0 MAQEIN;
TODE MENTOI SOI4 "APLW$ LEGW0, "OTI4 'EA=N MEN KECARISMENA TI$
'EPISTHTAI TOI$ QEOI$ LEGEIN TE-KAI PRATTEIN 'EUCOMENO$ TE-KAI
QUWN, TAUT' 'ESTI TA "O=SIA, KAI SWIZEI0 TA TOIAUTA TOU$ TE
'IDIOU$ 'OIKOU$ KAI TA KOINA TWN POLEWN; TA D' 'ENANTIA TWN
KECARISMENWN 'ASEBH, "A DH-KAI 'ANATREPEI0 "APANTA KAI
'APOLLUSIN.
SW _ 'H* POLU MOI DIA= BRACUTERWN, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN, 'EI
'EBOULOU, 'EIPE$ 'AN4 TO KEFALAION "WN 'HRWTWN; 'ALLA=-GAR 'OU
<P 14C>
PROQUMO$ ME 'EI* DIDAXAI0 % DHLO$ 'EI*. KAI-GAR NU*N 'EPEIDH 'EP'
'AUTWI 'HSQA 'APETRAPOU, "O= 'EI 'APEKRINW, "IKANW$ 'AN4 'HDH PARA
SOU4 THN "OSIOTHTA 'EMEMAQHKH. NU*N DE 'ANAGKH GAR TON 'ERWNTA
TW*I 'ERWMENWI 'AKOLOUQEIN "OPHI 'AN4 'EKEINO$ "UPAGHI5, TI= DH 'AU
LEGEI$ TO "OSION 'EINAI KAI THN "OSIOTHTA: 'OUCI 'EPISTHMHN
TINA TOU* QUEIN TE-KAI 'EUCESQAI:
EUQ _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TO QUEIN DWREISQAI 'ESTI TOI$ QEOI$, TO D'
'EUCESQAI 'AITEIN TOU$ QEOU$:
EUQ _ KAI MALA 'W* SWKRATE$.
<P 14D>
SW _ 'EPISTHMH 'A=RA 'AITHSEW$ KAI DOSEW$ QEOI$ "OSIOTH$
'AN4 'EIH 'EK TOUTOU TOU* LOGOU.
EUQ _ PANU KALW$, 'W* SWKRATE$, SUNHKA$ "O= 'EIPON.
SW _ 'EPIQUMHTH$ GAR 'EIMI, 'W* FILE, TH$ SH$ SOFIA$ KAI
PROSECW0 TON NOUN 'AUTHI, "WSTE 'OU CAMAI PESEITAI "OTI2 'AN4
'EIPHI$. 'ALLA= MOI LEXON2 TI=$ "AU=TH "H "UPHRESIA 'ESTI TOI$ QEOI$:
'AITEIN TE FH=I$ 'AUTOU$ KAI DIDONAI 'EKEINOI$:
EUQ _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OU TO GE 'ORQW$ 'AITEIN 'AN4 'EIH "WN DEOMEQA
PAR' 'EKEINWN, TAUTA 'AUTOU$ 'AITEIN:
EUQ _ 'ALLA= TI=:
<P 14E>
SW _ KAI 'AU TO DIDONAI 'ORQW$, "WN 'EKEINOI TUGCANOUSIN0
DEOMENOI PAR' "HMWN, TAUTA 'EKEINOI$ 'AU 'ANTIDWREISQAI: 'OU-GAR-POU
TECNIKON G' 'AN4 'EIH DWROFOREIN DIDONTA TWI TAUTA "WN
'OUDEN DEITAI.
EUQ _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'EMPORIKH 'A=RA TI$ 'AN4 'EIH, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN, TECNH "H
"OSIOTH$ QEOI$ KAI 'ANQRWPOI$ PAR' 'ALLHLWN.
EUQ _ 'EMPORIKH, 'EI "OUTW$ "HDION SOI4 'ONOMAZEIN.
SW _ 'ALL' 'OUDEN "HDION 'EMOIGE, 'EI MH TUGCANEI0 'ALHQE$ 'ON.
FRASON2 DE MOI, TI=$ "H 'WFELIA TOI$ QEOI$ TUGCANEI0 'OUSA 'APO
TWN DWRWN "WN PAR' "HMWN LAMBANOUSIN0: "A MEN-GAR DIDOASI


<P 15A>
PANTI DHLON; 'OUDEN GAR "HMIN 'ESTIN 'AGAQON "OTI2 'AN4 MH
'EKEINOI DWSIN. "A DE PAR' "HMWN LAMBANOUSIN0, TI= 'WFELOUNTAI: 'H=
TOSOUTON 'AUTWN PLEONEKTOUMEN KATA THN 'EMPORIAN, "WSTE PANTA
TA 'AGAQA PAR' 'AUTWN LAMBANOMEN, 'EKEINOI DE PAR' "HMWN 'OUDEN:
EUQ _ 'ALL' 'OIEI, 'W* SWKRATE$ TOU$ QEOU$ 'WFELEISQAI
'APO TOUTWN "A PAR' "HMWN LAMBANOUSIN0:
SW _ 'ALLA= TI= DHPOT' 'AN4 'EIH TAUTA, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN, TA PAR'
"HMWN DWRA TOI$ QEOI$:
EUQ _ TI= D' 'OIEI 'ALLO 'H= TIMH TE-KAI GERA KAI, "OPER 'EGW
'ARTI 'ELEGON, CARI$:
<P 15B>
SW _ KECARISMENON 'A=RA 'ESTIN, 'W* 'EUQUFRWN, TO "OSION,
'ALL' 'OUCI 'WFELIMON 'OUDE FILON TOI$ QEOI$:
EUQ _ 'OIMAI 'EGWGE PANTWN GE MALISTA FILON.
SW _ TOUTO 'A=R' 'ESTIN 'AU, "W$ 'EOIKE0, TO "OSION, TO TOI$
QEOI$ FILON.
EUQ _ MALISTA GE.
SW _ QAUMASHI2 'OUN TAUTA LEGWN 'EA=N SOI4 "OI LOGOI FAINWNTAI
MH MENONTE$ 'ALLA= BADIZONTE$, KAI 'EME 'AITIASHI2 TON
DAIDALON BADIZONTA$ 'AUTOU$ POIEIN, 'AUTO$ 'WN POLU GE
TECNIKWTERO$ TOU* DAIDALOU KAI KUKLWI PERIIONTA POIW*N: 'H=
'OUK 'AISQANHI0 "OTI4 "O LOGO$ "HMIN PERIELQWN PALIN 'EI$ 'TAUTON
<P 15C>
"HKEI0: MEMNHSAI GAR-POU "OTI4 'EN TW*I PROSQEN TO TE "OSION KAI
TO QEOFILE$ 'OU 'TAUTON "HMIN 'EFANH 'ALL' "E=TERA 'ALLHLWN; 'H=
'OU MEMNHSAI:
EUQ _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ NU*N 'OUN 'OUK 'ENNOEI$ "OTI4 TO TOI$ QEOI$ FILON FH=I$
"OSION 'EINAI: TOUTO D' 'ALLO TI 'H= QEOFILE$ GIGNETAI: 'H= 'OU=:
EUQ _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'H= 'ARTI 'OU KALW$ "WMOLOGOUMEN, 'H= 'EI TO=TE
KALW$, NU*N 'OUK 'ORQW$ TIQEMEQA.
EUQ _ 'EOIKEN0.
SW _ 'EX 'ARCH$ 'A=RA "HMIN PALIN SKEPTEON TI= 'ESTI TO
"OSION, "W$ 'EGW PRIN 'AN4 MAQW "EKWN 'EINAI 'OUK 'APODEILIASW2.
<P 15D>
'ALLA= MH ME 'ATIMASHI$ 'ALLA= PANTI TROPWI PROSSCWN TON
NOUN "OTI2 MALISTA NU*N 'EIPE= THN 'ALHQEIAN; 'OISQA GAR 'EIPER
TI$ 'ALLO$ 'ANQRWPWN, KAI 'OUK 'AFETEO$ 'EI* "WSPER "O PRWTEU$
PRIN 'AN4 'EIPHI$. 'EI GAR MH 'HIDHSQA SAFW$ TO TE "OSION KAI TO
'ANOSION, 'OUK 'ESTIN "OPW$ 'AN4 POTE 'EPECEIRHSA$ "UPER 'ANDRO$
QHTO$ 'ANDRA PRESBUTHN PATERA DIWKAQEIN FONOU, 'ALLA=-KAI
TOU$ QEOU$ 'AN4 'EDEISA$ PARAKINDUNEUEIN MH 'OUK 'ORQW$ 'AUTO
POIHSOI$, KAI TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ 'HISCUNQH$; NU*N DE 'EU 'OIDA "OTI4
<P 15E>
SAFW$ 'OIEI 'EIDENAI TO TE "OSION KAI MH. 'EIPE= 'OUN, 'W* BELTISTE
'EUQUFRWN, KAI MH 'APOKRUYHI4 "OTI2 'AUTO "HGHI0.
EUQ _ 'EI$ 'AUQI$ TOINUN 'W* SWKRATE$; NU*N GAR SPEUDW0
POI, KAI MOI "WRA 'APIENAI.
SW _ "OIA POIEI$, 'W* "ETAIRE. 'AP' 'ELPIDO$ ME KATABALWN2
MEGALH$ 'APERCHI0 "HN 'EICON, "W$ PARA SOU4 MAQWN TA TE "O=SIA
KAI MH KAI TH$ PRO$ MELHTON GRAFH$ 'APALLAXOMAI, 'ENDEIXAMENO$


<P 16A>
'EKEINWI "OTI4 SOFO$ 'HDH PAR' 'EUQUFRONO$ TA QEIA GEGONA
KAI "OTI4 'OUKETI "UP' 'AGNOIA$ 'AUTOSCEDIAZW0 'OUDE KAINOTOMW0
PERI= 'AUTA, KAI-DH-KAI TON 'ALLON BION "OTI4 'AMEINON
BIWSOIMHN


<B IPPEL>


<P 363A>
EU _ SU DE-DH TI= SIGA*I$0, 'W* SWKRATE$, "IPPIOU TOSAUTA
'EPIDEIXAMENOU, KAI 'OUCI 'H= SUNEPAINEI$ TI TWN 'EIRHMENWN 'H=-KAI
'ELEGCEI$, 'EI TI SOI4 MH KALW$ DOKEI0 'EIRHKENAI: 'ALLW$ TE
'EPEIDH KAI 'AUTOI LELEIMMEQA, "OI= MALIST' 'AN4 'ANTIPOIHSAIMEQA
METEINAI "HMIN TH$ 'EN FILOSOFIA\ DIATRIBH$.
SW _ KAI-MHN, 'W* 'EUDIKE, 'ESTI GE "A "HDEW$ 'AN4 PUQOIMHN
<P 363B>
"IPPIOU "WN NUNDH 'ELEGEN PERI= "OMHROU. KAI-GAR TOU* SOU2
PATRO$ 'APHMANTOU 'HKOUON "OTI4 "H 'ILIA$ KALLION 'EIH POIHMA
TW*I "OMHRWI 'H= "H 'ODUSSEIA, TOSOUTWI DE KALLION, "OSWI 'AMEINWN
'ACILLEU$ 'ODUSSEW$ 'EIH; "EKATERON GAR TOUTWN TO MEN
'EI$ 'ODUSSEA 'EFH PEPOIHSQAI, TO D' 'EI$ 'ACILLEA. PERI=
'EKEINOU 'OUN "HDEW$ 'AN4, 'EI BOULOMENWI 'ESTIN "IPPIA\, 'ANAPUQOIMHN
"OPW$ 'AUTWI DOKEI0 PERI= TOIN 'ANDROIN TOUTOIN, POTERON
<P 363C>
'AMEINW FHSIN 'EINAI, 'EPEIDH KAI 'A=LLA POLLA KAI PANTODAPA
"HMIN 'EPIDEDEIKTAI KAI PERI= POIHTWN TE 'ALLWN KAI PERI=
"OMHROU.
EU _ 'ALLA= DHLON "OTI4 'OU FQONHSEI2 "IPPIA$, 'EA=N TI 'AUTON
'ERWTA*I$2, 'APOKRINESQAI. 'H*-GAR, 'W* "IPPIA, 'EA=N TI 'ERWTA*I2 SE
SWKRATH$, 'APOKRINHI2: 'H= PW*$ POIHSEI$:
IP _ KAI-GAR 'AN4 DEINA POIOIHN, 'W* 'EUDIKE, 'EI 'OLUMPIAZE
MEN 'EI$ THN TWN "ELLHNWN PANHGURIN, "OTAN TA 'OLUMPIA 'HI,
<P 363D>
'AEI 'EPANIWN 'OIKOQEN 'EX 'HLIDO$ 'EI$ TO "IERON PARECW0 'EMAUTON
KAI LEGONTA "OTI2 'AN4 TI$ BOULHTAI "WN 'AN4 MOI 'EI$ 'EPIDEIXIN
PARESKEUASMENON-'H*I, KAI 'APOKRINOMENON TW*I BOULOMENWI "OTI2
'AN4 TI$ 'ERWTA*I2, NU*N DE THN SWKRATOU$ 'ERWTHSIN FUGOIMI.


<P 364A>
SW _ MAKARION GE, 'W* "IPPIA, PAQO$ PEPONQA$, 'EI "EKASTH$
'OLUMPIADO$ "OUTW$ 'EUELPI$ 'WN PERI= TH$ YUCH$ 'EI$ SOFIAN
'AFIKNHI0 'EI$ TO "IERON; KAI QAUMASAIM' 'AN4 'EI TI$ TWN PERI= TO
SWMA 'AQLHTWN "OUTW$ 'AFOBW$ TE-KAI PISTEUTIKW$ 'ECWN TW*I
SWMATI 'ERCETAI 'AUTOSE 'AGWNIOUMENO$, "WSPER SU FH=I$ THI
DIANOIA\.
IP _ 'EIKOTW$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EGW TOUTO PEPONQA; 'EX "OU
GAR 'HRGMAI 'OLUMPIASIN 'AGWNIZESQAI, 'OUDENI PWPOTE KREITTONI
'EI$ 'OUDEN 'EMAUTOU 'ENETUCON.
<P 364B>
SW _ KALON GE LEGEI$, 'W* "IPPIA, KAI THI 'HLEIWN POLEI
TH$ SOFIA$ 'ANAQHMA THN DOXAN 'EINAI THN SHN KAI TOI$
GONEUSI TOI$ SOI$. 'ATAR TI= DH LEGEI$ "HMIN PERI= TOU* 'ACILLEW$
TE-KAI TOU* 'ODUSSEW$: POTERON 'AMEINW KAI KATA TI=
FH=I$ 'EINAI: "HNIKA MEN-GAR POLLOI 'ENDON 'HMEN KAI SU THN
'EPIDEIXIN 'EPOIOU, 'APELEIFQHN SOU4 TWN LEGOMENWN % 'WKNOUN
GAR 'EPANERESQAI, DIOTI 'OCLO$ TE POLU$ 'ENDON 'H*N, KAI MH
SOI4 'EMPODWN 'EIHN 'ERWTWN THI 'EPIDEIXEI % NUNI DE 'EPEIDH 'ELATTOU$
TE 'ESMEN KAI 'EUDIKO$ "ODE KELEUEI0 'ERESQAI, 'EIPE= TE-KAI
<P 364C>
DIDAXON2 "HMA$ SAFW$, TI= 'ELEGE$ PERI= TOUTOIN TOIN 'ANDROIN:
PW*$ DIEKRINE$ 'AUTOU$:
IP _ 'ALL' 'EGW SOI4, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EQELW0 'ETI SAFESTERON
'H= TO=TE DIELQEIN "A LEGW0 KAI PERI= TOUTWN KAI 'ALLWN. FHMI
GAR "OMHRON PEPOIHKENAI 'ARISTON MEN 'ANDRA 'ACILLEA TWN
'EI$ TROIAN 'AFIKOMENWN, SOFWTATON DE NESTORA, POLUTROPWTATON
DE 'ODUSSEA.
SW _ BABAI, 'W* "IPPIA; 'A*R' 'AN4 TI MOI CARISAIO TOIONDE,
MH MOU KATAGELAN, 'EA=N MOGI$ MANQANW3 TA LEGOMENA KAI
<P 364D>
POLLAKI$ 'ANERWTW3: 'ALLA= MOI PEIRW5 PRA\W$ TE-KAI 'EUKOLW$
'APOKRINESQAI.
IP _ 'AISCRON GAR 'AN4 'EIH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EI 'ALLOU$ MEN
'AUTA TAUTA PAIDEUW0 KAI 'AXIW0 DIA= TAUTA CRHMATA LAMBANEIN,
'AUTO$ DE "UPO SOU4 'ERWTWMENO$ MH SUGGNWMHN T' 'ECOIMI KAI
PRA\W$ 'APOKRINOIMHN.
SW _ PANU KALW$ LEGEI$. 'EGW GAR-TOI, "HNIKA MEN 'ARISTON
TON 'ACILLEA 'EFHSQA PEPOIHSQAI, 'EDOKOUN SOU4 MANQANEIN
<P 364E>
"OTI2 'ELEGE$, KAI "HNIKA TON NESTORA SOFWTATON; 'EPEIDH DE
TON 'ODUSSEA 'EIPE$ "OTI4 PEPOIHKW$ 'EIH "O POIHTH$ POLUTROPWTATON,
TOUTO D', "W$ GE PRO$ SE 'TALHQH 'EIRHSQAI, PANTAPASIN
'OUK 'OID' "OTI2 LEGEI$. KAI MOI 'EIPE=, 'AN2 TI 'ENQENDE
MALLON MAQW; "O 'ACILLEU$ 'OU POLUTROPO$ TW*I "OMHRWI
PEPOIHTAI:
IP _ "HKISTA GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALL' "APLOUSTATO$ KAI
'ALHQESTATO$, 'EPEI KAI 'EN LITAI$, "HNIKA PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$
POIEI0 'AUTOU$ DIALEGOMENOU$, LEGEI0 'AUTWI "O 'ACILLEU$ PRO$
TON 'ODUSSEA


<P 365A>
DIOGENE$9 LAERTIADH9, POLUMHCAN'9 'ODUSSEU9,
CRH9 MEN9-DH9 TON9 MUQON9 'APHLEGEW$9 'APOEIPEIN9,
"WSPER1 DH9 KRANEW1 TE9-KAI9 "W$9 TELEESQAI1 'OIW10;
'ECQRO$9 GAR9 MOI9 KEINO$9 "OMW$9 'AIDAO9 PULHISIN9,
<P 365B>
"O$9 C'9 "ETERON9 MEN9 KEUQHI95 'ENI9 FRESIN9, 'ALLO9 DE9 'EIPHI9.
'AUTAR9 'EGWN9 'EREW9, "W$9 KAI1 TETELESMENON1 'ESTAI1.
'EN TOUTOI$ DHLOI0 TOI$ 'EPESIN TON TROPON "EKATEROU TOU* 'ANDRO$
"W$ "O MEN 'ACILLEU$ 'EIH 'ALHQH$ TE-KAI "APLOU$, "O DE
'ODUSSEU$ POLUTROPO$ TE-KAI YEUDH$; POIEI0 GAR TON 'ACILLEA
'EI$ TON 'ODUSSEA LEGONTA TAUTA TA 'EPH.
SW _ NU*N 'HDH, 'W* "IPPIA, KINDUNEUW0 MANQANEIN "O= LEGEI$;
TON POLUTROPON YEUDH LEGEI$, "W$ GE FAINETAI.
<P 365C>
IP _ MALISTA, 'W* SWKRATE$; TOIOUTON GAR PEPOIHKEN0 TON
'ODUSSEA "OMHRO$ POLLACOU KAI 'EN 'ILIADI KAI 'EN 'ODUSSEIA\.
SW _ 'EDOKEI 'A=RA, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "OMHRWI "ETERO$ MEN 'EINAI
'ANHR 'ALHQH$, "ETERO$ DE YEUDH$, 'ALL' 'OUC "O 'AUTO$.
IP _ PW*$ GAR 'OU MELLEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW _ 'H*-KAI SOI4 DOKEI0 'AUTWI, 'W* "IPPIA:
IP _ PANTWN MALISTA; KAI-GAR 'AN4 DEINON 'EIH 'EI MH.
SW _ TON MEN "OMHRON TOINUN 'EASWMEN, 'EPEIDH KAI
<P 365D>
'ADUNATON 'EPANERESQAI TI= POTE NOWN TAUTA 'EPOIHSEN TA 'EPH;
SU D' 'EPEIDH FAINHI0 'ANADECOMENO$ THN 'AITIAN, KAI SOI4 SUNDOKEI0
TAUTA "APER FH=I$ "OMHRON LEGEIN, 'APOKRINAI2 KOINHI "UPER
"OMHROU TE-KAI SAUTOU.
IP _ 'ESTAI TAUTA; 'ALL' 'ERWTA 'EMBRACU "OTI2 BOULEI.
SW _ TOU$ YEUDEI$ LEGEI$ "OION 'ADUNATOU$ TI POIEIN, "WSPER
TOU$ KAMNONTA$, 'H= DUNATOU$ TI POIEIN: IP _ DUNATOU$ 'EGWGE
KAI MALA SFODRA 'A=LLA TE POLLA KAI 'EXAPATAN 'ANQRWPOU$.
<P 365E>
SW _ DUNATOI MEN-DH, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'EISI KATA TON SON LOGON
KAI POLUTROPOI; 'H*-GAR: IP _ NAI. SW _ POLUTROPOI D'
'EISI KAI 'APATEWNE$ "UPO 'HLIQIOTHTO$ KAI 'AFROSUNH$, 'H= "UPO
PANOURGIA$ KAI FRONHSEW$ TINO$: IP _ "UPO PANOURGIA$
PANTWN MALISTA KAI FRONHSEW$. SW _ FRONIMOI MEN-'A=RA
'EISIN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0. IP _ NAI MA DI=A, LIAN GE. SW _ FRONIMOI
DE 'ONTE$ 'OUK 'EPISTANTAI "OTI2 POIOUSIN0, 'H= 'EPISTANTAI:
IP _ KAI MALA SFO=DRA 'EPISTANTAI; DIA= TAUTA KAI KAKOURGOUSIN0.
SW _ 'EPISTAMENOI DE TAUTA "A 'EPISTANTAI POTERON
'AMAQEI$ 'EISIN 'H= SOFOI: IP _ SOFOI MEN-'OUN 'AUTA GE TAUTA,


<P 366A>
'EXAPATAN.
SW _ 'ECE DH; 'ANAMNHSQWMEN TI= 'ESTIN "O= LEGEI$. TOU$
YEUDEI$ FH=I$ 'EINAI DUNATOU$ KAI FRONIMOU$ KAI 'EPISTHMONA$
KAI SOFOU$ 'EI$ "APER YEUDEI$: IP _ FHMI GAR-'OUN.
SW _ 'ALLOU$ DE TOU$ 'ALHQEI$ TE-KAI YEUDEI$, KAI 'ENANTIWTATOU$
'ALLHLOI$: IP _ LEGW0 TAUTA. SW _ FERE DH; TWN
MEN DUNATWN TINE$ KAI SOFWN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'EISIN "OI YEUDEI$
KATA TON SON LOGON. IP _ MALISTA GE. SW _ "OTAN DE
<P 366B>
LEGHI$ DUNATOU$ KAI SOFOU$ 'EINAI TOU$ YEUDEI$ 'EI$ 'AUTA
TAUTA, POTERON LEGEI$ DUNATOU$ 'EINAI YEUDESQAI 'EA=N BOULWNTAI,
'H= 'ADUNATOU$ 'EI$ TAUTA "APER YEUDONTAI: IP _ DUNATOU$
'EGWGE. SW _ "W$ 'EN KEFALAIWI 'A=RA 'EIRHSQAI, "OI YEUDEI$
'EISIN "OI SOFOI TE-KAI DUNATOI YEUDESQAI. IP _ NAI.
SW _ 'ADUNATO$ 'A=RA YEUDESQAI 'ANHR KAI 'AMAQH$ 'OUK 'AN4 'EIH
YEUDH$. IP _ 'ECEI0 "OUTW$. SW _ DUNATO$ DE-G' 'ESTIN
"EKASTO$ 'A=RA, "O$ 'AN4 POIHI5 TO=TE "O= 'AN4 BOULHTAI, "OTAN BOULHTAI;
<P 366C>
'OUC "UPO NOSOU LEGW0 'EXEIRGOMENON 'OUDE TWN TOIOUTWN,
'ALLA= "WSPER SU DUNATO$ 'EI* GRAYAI0 'TOUMON 'ONOMA "OTAN
BOULHI3, "OUTW LEGW0. 'H= 'OUC, "O$ 'AN4 "OUTW$ 'ECHI5, KALEI$0 SU
DUNATON: IP _ NAI.
SW _ LEGE DH MOI, 'W* "IPPIA, 'OU SU MENTOI 'EMPEIRO$ 'EI*
LOGISMWN KAI LOGISTIKH$: IP _ PANTWN MALISTA, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EI KAI TI$ SE 'EROITO TA TRI$ "EPTAKOSIA
"OPOSO$ 'ESTIN 'ARIQMO$, 'EI BOULOIO, PANTWN TACISTA KAI
<P 366D>
MALIST' 'AN4 'EIPOI$ 'TALHQH PERI= TOUTOU: IP _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'A*RA "OTI4 DUNATWTATO$ TE 'EI* KAI SOFWTATO$ KATA TAUTA:
IP _ NAI. SW _ POTERON 'OUN SOFWTATO$ TE 'EI* KAI DUNATWTATO$
MONON, 'H=-KAI 'ARISTO$ TAUTA "APER DUNATWTATO$ TE-KAI
SOFWTATO$, TA LOGISTIKA: IP _ KAI 'ARISTO$ DHPOU, 'W*
SWKRATE$. SW _ TA MEN-DH 'ALHQH SU 'AN4 DUNATWTATA 'EIPOI$
<P 366E>
PERI= TOUTWN; 'H*-GAR: IP _ 'OIMAI 'EGWGE. SW _ TI= DE TA
YEUDH PERI= TWN 'AUTWN TOUTWN: KAI MOI, "WSPER TA PRO=TERA,
GENNAIW$ KAI MEGALOPREPW$ 'APOKRINAI2, 'W* "IPPIA; 'EI TI$ SE
'EROITO TA TRI$ "EPTAKOSIA PO=SA 'ESTI, POTERON SU 'AN4 MALISTA
YEUDOIO KAI 'AEI KATA 'TAUTA YEUDH LEGOI$ PERI= TOUTWN, BOULOMENO$
YEUDESQAI KAI MHDEPOTE 'ALHQH 'APOKRINESQAI, 'H= "O


<P 367A>
'AMAQH$ 'EI$ LOGISMOU$ DUNAIT' 'AN4 SOU4 MALLON YEUDESQAI
BOULOMENOU: 'H= "O MEN 'AMAQH$ POLLAKI$ 'AN4 BOULOMENO$ YEUDH
LEGEIN 'TALHQH 'AN4 'EIPOI 'AKWN, 'EI TUCOI, DIA= TO MH 'EIDENAI,
SU DE "O SOFO$, 'EIPER BOULOIO YEUDESQAI, 'AEI 'AN4 KATA TA
'AUTA YEUDOIO: IP _ NAI, "OUTW$ 'ECEI0 "W$ SU LEGEI$.
SW _ "O YEUDH$ 'OUN POTERON PERI= MEN 'TALLA YEUDH$ 'ESTIN,
'OU-MENTOI PERI= 'ARIQMON, 'OUDE 'ARIQMWN 'AN4 YEUSAITO:
IP _ KAI NAI MA DI=A PERI= 'ARIQMON. SW _ QWMEN 'A=RA-KAI
TOUTO, 'W* "IPPIA, PERI= LOGISMON TE-KAI 'ARIQMON 'EINAI TINA
<P 367B>
'ANQRWPON YEUDH: IP _ NAI. SW _ TI=$ 'OUN 'AN4 'EIH "OUTO$:
'OUCI DEI "UPARCEIN 'AUTWI, 'EIPER MELLEI0 YEUDH$ 'ESESQAI, "W$
SU 'ARTI "WMOLOGEI$, DUNATON 'EINAI YEUDESQAI: "O GAR 'ADUNATO$
YEUDESQAI, 'EI MEMNHSAI, "UPO SOU4 'ELEGETO "OTI4 'OUK 'AN4
POTE YEUDH$ GENOITO. IP _ 'ALLA= MEMNHMAI KAI 'ELECQH
"OUTW$. SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'ARTI 'EFANH$ SU DUNATWTATO$ 'WN YEUDESQAI
PERI= LOGISMWN: IP _ NAI, 'ELECQH GE-TOI-KAI TOUTO.
<P 367C>
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN-KAI DUNATWTATO$ 'EI* 'ALHQH LEGEIN PERI=
LOGISMWN: IP _ PANU GE. SW _ 'OUKOU*N "O 'AUTO$ YEUDH
KAI 'ALHQH LEGEIN PERI= LOGISMWN DUNATWTATO$; "OUTO$ D' 'ESTIN
"O 'AGAQO$ PERI= TOUTWN, "O LOGISTIKO$. IP _ NAI. SW _ TI=$
'OUN YEUDH$ PERI= LOGISMON GIGNETAI, 'W* "IPPIA, 'ALLO$ 'H= "O
'AGAQO$: "O 'AUTO$ GAR-KAI DUNATO$; "OUTO$ DE-KAI 'ALHQH$.
IP _ FAINETAI. SW _ "ORA*I$0 'OUN "OTI4 "O 'AUTO$ YEUDH$ TE-KAI
'ALHQH$ PERI= TOUTWN, KAI 'OUDEN 'AMEINWN "O 'ALHQH$ TOU* YEUDOU$:
<P 367D>
"O 'AUTO$ GAR-DHPOU 'ESTI KAI 'OUK 'ENANTIWTATA 'ECEI0,
"WSPER SU 'WIOU 'ARTI.
IP _ 'OU FAINETAI 'ENTAUQA GE.
SW _ BOULEI 'OUN SKEYWMEQA KAI 'ALLOQI:
IP _ 'EI 'ALLW$8 GE SU BOULEI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI GEWMETRIA$ 'EMPEIRO$ 'EI*: IP _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ TI= 'OUN: 'OU-KAI 'EN GEWMETRIA\ "OUTW$ 'ECEI0; "O 'AUTO$
DUNATWTATO$ YEUDESQAI KAI 'ALHQH LEGEIN PERI= TWN DIAGRAMMATWN,
"O GEWMETRIKO$: IP _ NAI. SW _ PERI= TAUTA 'OUN
<P 367E>
'AGAQO$ 'ALLO$ TI$ 'H= "OUTO$: IP _ 'OUK 'ALLO$. SW _ 'OUKOU*N
"O 'AGAQO$ KAI SOFO$ GEWMETRH$ DUNATWTATO$ GE
'AMFO=TERA: KAI 'EIPER TI$ 'ALLO$ YEUDH$ PERI= DIAGRAMMATA,
"OUTO$ 'AN4 'EIH, "O 'AGAQO$: "OUTO$ GAR DUNATO$, "O DE KAKO$
'ADUNATO$ 'H*N YEUDESQAI; "WSTE 'OUK 'AN4 GENOITO YEUDH$ "O
MH DUNAMENO$ YEUDESQAI, "W$ "WMOLOGHTAI. IP _ 'ESTI
TAUTA.
SW _ 'ETI TOINUN-KAI TON TRITON 'EPISKEYWMEQA, TON
'ASTRONOMON, "H$ 'AU SU TECNH$ 'ETI MALLON 'EPISTHMWN 'OIEI


<P 368A>
'EINAI 'H= TWN 'EMPROSQEN. 'H*-GAR, 'W* "IPPIA: IP _ NAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'EN 'ASTRONOMIA\ 'TAUTA TAUTA 'ESTIN:
IP _ 'EIKO$ GE, 'W* SWKRATE$. SW _ KAI 'EN 'ASTRONOMIA\ 'A=RA
'EIPER TI$ KAI 'ALLO$ YEUDH$, "O 'AGAQO$ 'ASTRONOMO$ YEUDH$
'ESTAI, "O DUNATO$ YEUDESQAI. 'OU-GAR "O GE 'ADUNATO$; 'AMAQH$
GAR. IP _ FAINETAI "OUTW$. SW _ "O 'AUTO$ 'A=RA-KAI 'EN
'ASTRONOMIA\ 'ALHQH$ TE-KAI YEUDH$ 'ESTAI. IP _ 'EOIKEN0.
SW _ 'IQI DH, 'W* "IPPIA, 'ANEDHN "OUTWSI 'EPISKEYAI KATA
<P 368B>
PASWN TWN 'EPISTHMWN, 'EI POU 'ESTIN 'ALLW$ 'ECON 'H= "OUTW$.
PANTW$ DE PLEISTA$ TECNA$ PANTWN SOFWTATO$ 'EI* 'ANQRWPWN,
"W$ 'EGW POTE SOU4 'HKOUON MEGALAUCOUMENOU, POLLHN
SOFIAN KAI ZHLWTHN SAUTOU DIEXIONTO$ 'EN 'AGORA*I 'EPI TAI$
TRAPEZAI$. 'EFHSQA DE 'AFIKESQAI POTE 'EI$ 'OLUMPIAN "A
'EICE$ PERI= TO SWMA "APANTA SAUTOU 'ERGA 'ECWN; PRWTON
MEN DAKTULION % 'ENTEUQEN GAR 'HRCOU % "ON 'EICE$ SAUTOU 'ECEIN
<P 368C>
'ERGON, "W$ 'EPISTAMENO$ DAKTULIOU$ GLUFEIN, KAI 'ALLHN
SFRAGIDA SON 'ERGON, KAI STLEGGIDA KAI LHKUQON "A 'AUTO$
'HRGASW; 'EPEITA "UPODHMATA "A 'EICE$ 'EFHSQA 'AUTO$ SKUTOTOMHSAI0,
KAI TO "IMATION "UFHNAI0 KAI TON CITWNISKON; KAI "O= GE
PASIN 'EDOXEN 'ATOPWTATON KAI SOFIA$ PLEISTH$ 'EPIDEIGMA,
'EPEIDH THN ZWNHN 'EFHSQA TOU* CITWNISKOU, "HN 'EICE$, 'EINAI
MEN "OIAI "AI PERSIKAI TWN POLUTELWN, TAUTHN DE 'AUTO$ PLEXAI0;
PRO$ DE TOUTOI$ POIHMATA 'ECWN 'ELQEIN, KAI 'EPH KAI TRAGWIDIA$
<P 368D>
KAI DIQURAMBOU$, KAI KATALOGADHN POLLOU$ LOGOU$ KAI
PANTODAPOU$ SUGKEIMENOU$; KAI PERI= TWN TECNWN DH "WN
'ARTI 'EGW 'ELEGON 'EPISTHMWN 'AFIKESQAI DIAFERONTW$ TWN
'ALLWN, KAI PERI= "RUQMWN KAI "ARMONIWN KAI GRAMMATWN 'ORQOTHTO$,
KAI 'A=LLA 'ETI PRO$ TOUTOI$ PANU POLLA, "W$ 'EGW DOKW0
MNHMONEUEIN; KAITOI TO GE MNHMONIKON 'EPELAQOMHN SOU4, "W$
'EOIKE0, TECNHMA, 'EN "WI SU 'OIEI LAMPROTATO$ 'EINAI; 'OIMAI DE-KAI
<P 368E>
'A=LLA PAMPOLLA 'EPILELHSQAI. 'ALL' "OPER 'EGW LEGW0, KAI 'EI$
TA$ SAUTOU TECNA$ BLEYA$ % "IKANAI DE % KAI 'EI$ TA$ TWN
'ALLWN 'EIPE= MOI, 'EA=N POU "EURHI$ 'EK TWN "WMOLOGHMENWN 'EMOI4
TE-KAI SOI4, "OPOU 'ESTIN "O MEN 'ALHQH$, "O DE YEUDH$, CWRI$ KAI
'OUC "O 'AUTO$: 'EN "HITINI BOULEI SOFIA\ TOUTO SKEYAI 'H= PANOURGIA\


<P 369A>
'H= "OTIOUN CAIREI$ 'ONOMAZWN; 'ALL' 'OUC "EURHSEI$, 'W* "ETAIRE %
'OU-GAR 'ESTIN % 'EPEI SU 'EIPE=.
IP _ 'ALL' 'OUK 'ECW0, 'W* SWKRATE$, NU*N GE "OUTW$.
SW _ 'OUDE-GE "EXEI$, "W$ 'EGW 'OIMAI; 'EI D' 'EGW 'ALHQH LEGW0,
MEMNHSAI "O= "HMIN SUMBAINEI0 'EK TOU* LOGOU, 'W* "IPPIA.
IP _ 'OU PANU TI 'ENNOW0, 'W* SWKRATE$, "O= LEGEI$.
SW _ NUNI GAR 'ISW$ 'OU CRHI3 TW*I MNHMONIKWI TECNHMATI %
DHLON GAR "OTI4 'OUK 'OIEI DEIN % 'ALLA= 'EGW SE "UPOMNHSW2. 'OISQA
"OTI4 TON MEN 'ACILLEA 'EFHSQA 'ALHQH 'EINAI, TON DE 'ODUSSEA
<P 369B>
YEUDH KAI POLUTROPON:
IP _ NAI.
SW _ NU*N 'OUN 'AISQANHI0 "OTI4 'ANAPEFANTAI "O 'AUTO$ 'WN
YEUDH$ TE-KAI 'ALHQH$, "WSTE 'EI YEUDH$ "O 'ODUSSEU$ 'H*N, KAI
'ALHQH$ GIGNETAI, KAI 'EI 'ALHQH$ "O 'ACILLEU$, KAI YEUDH$,
KAI 'OU DIAFOROI 'ALLHLWN "OI 'ANDRE$ 'OUD' 'ENANTIOI, 'ALL'
"OMOIOI:
IP _ 'W* SWKRATE$, 'AEI SU TINA$ TOIOUTOU$ PLEKEI$ LOGOU$,
KAI 'APOLAMBANWN "O= 'AN4 'HI DUSCERESTATON TOU* LOGOU, TOUTOU
<P 369C>
'ECHI0 KATA SMIKRON 'EFAPTOMENO$, KAI 'OUC "OLWI 'AGWNIZHI0 TW*I
PRAGMATI PERI= "OTOU 'AN4 "O LOGO$ 'HI; 'EPEI KAI NU*N, 'EA=N BOULHI3,
'EPI POLLWN TEKMHRIWN 'APODEIXW2 SOI4 "IKANWI LOGWI "OMHRON
'ACILLEA PEPOIHKENAI 'AMEINW 'ODUSSEW$ KAI 'AYEUDH, TON DE
DOLERON TE-KAI POLLA YEUDOMENON KAI CEIRW 'ACILLEW$.
'EI DE BOULEI, SU 'AU 'ANTIPARABALLE LOGON PARA LOGON, "W$ "O
"ETERO$ 'AMEINWN 'ESTI; KAI MALLON 'EISONTAI "OUTOI "OPOTERO$
'AMEINON LEGEI0.
<P 369D>
SW _ 'W* "IPPIA, 'EGW TOI 'OUK 'AMFISBHTW0 MH 'OUCI SE 'EINAI
SOFWTERON 'H= 'EME; 'ALL' 'AEI 'EIWQA, 'EPEIDAN TI$ LEGHI5 TI,
PROSECEIN TON NOUN, 'ALLW$ TE KAI 'EPEIDAN MOI DOKHI5 SOFO$
'EINAI "O LEGWN, KAI 'EPIQUMWN MAQEIN "OTI2 LEGEI0 DIAPUNQANOMAI
KAI 'EPANASKOPW0 KAI SUMBIBAZW0 TA LEGOMENA, "INA MAQW; 'EA=N
DE FAULO$ DOKHI5 MOI 'EINAI "O LEGWN, 'OUTE 'EPANERWTW0 'OUTE
MOI MELEI0 "WN LEGEI0. KAI GNWSHI2 TOUTWI "OU$ 'AN4 'EGW "HGWMAI
SOFOU$ 'EINAI; "EURHSEI$ GAR ME LIPARH 'ONTA PERI= TA LEGOMENA
<P 369E>
"UPO TOUTOU KAI PUNQANOMENON PAR' 'AUTOU4, "INA MAQWN
TI 'WFELHQW. 'EPEI KAI NU*N 'ENNENOHKA SOU4 LEGONTO$, "OTI4 'EN
TOI$ 'EPESIN "OI$ SU 'ARTI 'ELEGE$, 'ENDEIKNUMENO$ TON 'ACILLEA
'EI$ TON 'ODUSSEA LEGEIN "W$ 'ALAZONA 'ONTA, 'ATOPON MOI DOKEI0
'EINAI, 'EI SU 'ALHQH LEGEI$, "OTI4 "O MEN 'ODUSSEU$ 'OUDAMOU


<P 370A>
FAINETAI YEUSAMENO$, "O POLUTROPO$, "O DE 'ACILLEU$ POLUTROPO$
TI$ FAINETAI KATA TON SON LOGON; YEUDETAI GOUN.
PROEIPWN GAR TAUTA TA 'EPH, "APER KAI SU 'EIPE$ 'ARTI %
'ECQRO$1 GAR1 MOI1 KEINO$1 "OMW$1 'AIDAO1 PULHISIN1,
"O$1 C'1 "ETERON1 MEN1 KEUQHI51 'ENI1 FRESIN1, 'ALLO1 DE1 'EIPHI1,
<P 370B>
'OLIGON "USTERON LEGEI0 "W$ 'OUT' 'AN4 'ANAPEISQEIH "UPO TOU*
'ODUSSEW$ TE-KAI TOU* 'AGAMEMNONO$ 'OUTE MENOI TO PARAPAN
'EN THI TROIA\, 'ALL' %
'AURION9 "IRA9 DII9 "REXA$9, FHSI, KAI9 PASI9 QEOISIN9,
NHHSA$9 'EU9 NHA$9, 'EPHN9 "ALADE9 PROERUSSW9,
'OYEAI9, 'AI1 K'1 'EQELHISQA9 KAI9 'AI9 KEN9 TOI92 TA9 MEMHLHI9,
'HRI9 MAL'9 "ELLHSPONTON9 'EP'9 'ICQUOENTA9 PLEOUSA$9
<P 370C>
NHA$9 'EMA$9, 'EN9 D'9 'ANDRA$9 'ERESSEMENAI9 MEMAWTA$9;
'EI9 DE9 KEN9 'EUPLOIHN9 DWHI96 KLUTO$9 'ENNOSIGAIO$9,
'HMATI9 KEN9 TRITATWI9 FQIHN9 'ERIBWLON9 "IKOIMHN9.
'ETI DE PROTERON TOUTWN PRO$ TON 'AGAMEMNONA LOIDOROUMENO$
'EI*PEN %
NU*N9 D'9 'EI*MI9 FQIHND'9, 'EPEI9 'H*9 POLU9 LWION1 'ESTIN9
'OIKAD'9 'IMEN92 SUN9 NHUSI9 KORWNISIN9, 'OUDE9 S'9 'OIW90
<P 370D>
'ENQAD'9 'ATIMO$9 'EWN9 'AFENO$9 KAI9 PLOUTON9 'AFUXEIN9.
TAUTA 'EIPWN TOTE= MEN 'ENANTION TH$ STRATIA$ "APASH$, TOTE=
DE PRO$ TOU$ "EAUTOU "ETAIROU$, 'OUDAMOU FAINETAI 'OUTE PARASKEUASAMENO$
'OUT' 'EPICEIRHSA$ KAQELKEIN TA$ NAU$ "W$ 'APOPLEUSOUMENO$
'OIKADE, 'ALLA= PANU GENNAIW$ 'OLIGWRWN TOU*
'TALHQH LEGEIN. 'EGW MEN-'OUN, 'W* "IPPIA, KAI 'EX 'ARCH$ SE
'HROMHN 'APORWN "OPOTERO$ TOUTOIN TOIN 'ANDROIN 'AMEINWN
<P 370E>
PEPOIHTAI TW*I POIHTHI, KAI "HGOUMENO$ 'AMFOTERW 'ARISTW 'EINAI
KAI DUSKRITON "OPOTERO$ 'AMEINWN 'EIH KAI PERI= YEUDOU$ KAI
'ALHQEIA$ KAI TH$ 'ALLH$ 'ARETH$; 'AMFOTERW GAR-KAI KATA
TOUTO PARAPLHSIW 'ESTON0.
IP _ 'OU-GAR KALW$ SKOPEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$. "A MEN-GAR "O
'ACILLEU$ YEUDETAI, 'OUK 'EX 'EPIBOULH$ FAINETAI YEUDOMENO$
'ALL' 'AKWN, DIA= THN SUMFORAN THN TOU* STRATOPEDOU 'ANAGKASQEI$
KATAMEINAI0 KAI BOHQHSAI0; "A DE "O 'ODUSSEU$, "EKWN
TE-KAI 'EX 'EPIBOULH$.
SW _ 'EXAPATA*I$0 ME, 'W* FILTATE "IPPIA, KAI 'AUTO$ TON
'ODUSSEA MIMHI0.


<P 371A>
IP _ 'OUDAMW$, 'W* SWKRATE$; LEGEI$ DH TI= KAI PRO$ TI=:
SW _ "OTI4 'OUK 'EX 'EPIBOULH$ FH=I$ TON 'ACILLEA YEUDESQAI,
"O$ 'H*N "OUTW GOH$ KAI 'EPIBOULO$ PRO$ THI 'ALAZONEIA\,
"W$ PEPOIHKEN0 "OMHRO$, "WSTE KAI TOU* 'ODUSSEW$ TOSOUTON
FAINETAI FRONEIN PLEON PRO$ TO "RA\DIW$ LANQANEIN 'AUTON
'ALAZONEUOMENO$, "WSTE 'ENANTION 'AUTOU4 'AUTO$ "EAUTWI 'ETOLMA
'ENANTIA LEGEIN KAI 'ELANQANEN TON 'ODUSSEA; 'OUDEN GOUN
FAINETAI 'EIPWN PRO$ 'AUTON "W$ 'AISQANOMENO$ 'AUTOU4 YEUDOMENOU
<P 371B>
"O 'ODUSSEU$.
IP _ POI*A DH TAUTA LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW _ 'OUK 'OISQA "OTI4 LEGWN "USTERON 'H= "W$ PRO$ TON
'ODUSSEA 'EFH "AMA THI 'HOI 'APOPLEUSEISQAI, PRO$ TON 'AIANTA
'OUK 'AU FHSIN 'APOPLEUSEISQAI, 'ALLA= 'A=LLA LEGEI0:
IP _ POU* DH:
SW _ 'EN "OI$ LEGEI0 %
'OU9-GAR9 PRIN9 POLEMOIO9 MEDHSOMAI9 "AIMATOENTO$9,
<P 371C>
PRIN9 G'9 "UION9 PRIAMOIO9 DAIFRONO$9, "EKTORA9 DION9,
MURMIDONWN9 'EPI9 TE9 KLISIA$9 KAI9 NHA$9 "IKESQAI9
KTEINONT'9 'ARGEIOU$9, KATA9 TE9 FLEXAI10 PURI9 NHA$9;
'AMFI9 DE9 MIN1 THI9 'MHI9 KLISIHI9 KAI9 NHI9 MELAINHI9
"EKTORA9 KAI9 MEMAWTA9 MACH$9 SCHSESQAI9 'OIW90.
SU DH-'OUN, 'W* "IPPIA, POTERON "OUTW$ 'EPILHSMONA 'OIEI 'EINAI
<P 371D>
TON TH$ QETIDO$ TE-KAI "UPO TOU* SOFWTATOU CEIRWNO$ PEPAIDEUMENON,
"WSTE 'OLIGON PROTERON LOIDOROUNTA TOU$ 'ALAZONA$
THI 'ESCATHI LOIDORIA\ 'AUTON PARACRHMA PRO$ MEN TON 'ODUSSEA
FANAI0 'APOPLEUSEISQAI, PRO$ SE TON 'AIANTA MENEIN2, 'ALL' 'OUK
'EPIBOULEUONTA TE-KAI "HGOUMENON 'ARCAION 'EINAI TON 'ODUSSEA
KAI 'AUTOU4 'AUTWI TOUTWI TW*I TECNAZEIN TE-KAI YEUDESQAI
PERIESESQAI:
IP _ 'OU=KOUN 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$; 'ALLA=-KAI 'AUTA
<P 371E>
TAUTA "UPO 'EUNOIA$ 'ANAPEISQEI$ PRO$ TON 'AIANTA 'A=LLA 'EI*PEN
'H= PRO$ TON 'ODUSSEA; "O DE 'ODUSSEU$ "A TE 'ALHQH LEGEI0,
'EPIBOULEUSA$ 'AEI LEGEI0, KAI "OSA YEUDETAI, "WSAUTW$.
SW _ 'AMEINWN 'A=R' 'ESTIN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "O 'ODUSSEU$
'ACILLEW$.
IP _ "HKISTA GE-DHPOU, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ TI= DE: 'OUK 'ARTI 'EFANHSAN "OI "EKONTE$ YEUDOMENOI
BELTIOU$ 'H= "OI 'AKONTE$:
IP _ KAI PW*$ 'AN4, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OI "EKONTE$ 'ADIKOUNTE$ KAI


<P 372A>
"EKONTE$ 'EPIBOULEUSANTE$ KAI KAKA 'ERGASAMENOI BELTIOU$ 'AN4
'EIEN TWN 'AKONTWN, "OI$ POLLH DOKEI0 SUGGNWMH 'EINAI, 'EA=N MH
'EIDW$ TI$ 'ADIKHSHI6 'H= YEUSHTAI 'H= 'ALLO TI KAKON POIHSHI6: KAI
"OI NOMOI DHPOU POLU CALEPWTEROI 'EISI TOI$ "EKOUSI KAKA
'ERGAZOMENOI$ KAI YEUDOMENOI$ 'H= TOI$ 'AKOUSIN.
SW _ "ORA*I$0, 'W* "IPPIA, "OTI4 'EGW 'ALHQH LEGW0, LEGWN "W$
<P 372B>
LIPARH$ 'EIMI PRO$ TA$ 'ERWTHSEI$ TWN SOFWN: KAI KINDUNEUW0
"EN MONON 'ECEIN TOUTO 'AGAQON, 'TALLA 'ECWN PANU FAULA;
TWN MEN-GAR PRAGMATWN "HI 'ECEI0 'ESFALMAI, KAI 'OUK 'OID' "OPHI
'ESTI. TEKMHRION DE MOI TOUTOU "IKANON, "OTI4 'EPEIDAN SUGGENWMAI
TWI "UMWN TWN 'EUDOKIMOUNTWN0 'EPI SOFIA\ KAI "OI$ "OI
"ELLHNE$ PANTE$ MARTURE$ 'EISI TH$ SOFIA$, FAINOMAI 'OUDEN
'EIDW$; 'OUDEN GAR MOI DOKEI0 TWN 'AUTWN KAI "UMIN, "W$ 'EPO$
<P 372C>
'EIPEIN. KAITOI TI= MEIZON 'AMAQIA$ TEKMHRION 'H= 'EPEIDAN TI$
SOFOI$ 'ANDRASI DIAFERHTAI: "EN DE TOUTO QAUMASION 'ECW0
'AGAQON, "O= ME SWIZEI0; 'OU-GAR 'AISCUNOMAI MANQANWN, 'ALLA=
PUNQANOMAI KAI 'ERWTW0 KAI CARIN POLLHN 'ECW0 TW*I 'APOKRINOMENWI,
KAI 'OUDENA PWPOTE 'APESTERHSA CARITO$. 'OU-GAR PWPOTE
'EXARNO$ 'EGENOMHN MAQWN TI, 'EMAUTOU POIOUMENO$ TO
MAQHMA 'EINAI "W$ "EURHMA; 'ALL' 'EGKWMIAZW0 TON DIDAXANTA ME
"W$ SOFON 'ONTA, 'APOFAINWN "A 'EMAQON PAR' 'AUTOU4. KAI-DH-KAI
<P 372D>
NU*N "A SU LEGEI$ 'OUC "OMOLOGW0 SOI4, 'ALLA= DIAFEROMAI PANU
SFODRA; KAI TOUT' 'EU 'OIDA "OTI4 DI' 'EME GIGNETAI, "OTI4 TOIOUTO$
'EIMI "OIOSPER 'EIMI, "INA MHDEN 'EMAUTON MEIZON 'EIPW. 'EMOI4
GAR FAINETAI, 'W* "IPPIA, PAN 'TOUNANTION 'H= "O= SU LEGEI$; "OI
BLAPTONTE$ TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ KAI 'ADIKOUNTE$ KAI YEUDOMENOI
KAI 'EXAPATWNTE$ KAI "AMARTANONTE$ "EKONTE$ 'ALLA= MH 'AKONTE$,
BELTIOU$ 'EINAI 'H= "OI 'AKONTE$. 'ENIOTE MENTOI-KAI 'TOUNANTION
DOKEI0 MOI TOUTWN KAI PLANWMAI0 PERI= TAUTA, DHLON "OTI4 DIA=
<P 372E>
TO MH 'EIDENAI; NUNI DE 'EN TW*I PARONTI MOI "WSPER KATHBOLH
PERIELHLUQEN0, KAI DOKOUSI0 MOI "OI "EKONTE$ 'EXAMARTANONTE$
PERI= TI BELTIOU$ 'EINAI TWN 'AKONTWN. 'AITIWMAI0 DE TOU* NU*N
PARONTO$ PAQHMATO$ TOU$ 'EMPROSQEN LOGOU$ 'AITIOU$ 'EINAI,
"WSTE FAINESQAI NU*N 'EN TW*I PARONTI TOU$ 'AKONTA$ TOUTWN
"EKASTA POIOUNTA$ PONHROTEROU$ 'H= TOU$ "EKONTA$. SU 'OUN
CARISAI KAI MH FQONHSHI$ 'IASASQAI THN YUCHN MOU; POLU


<P 373A>
GAR-TOI MEIZON ME 'AGAQON 'ERGASHI2 'AMAQIA$ PAUSA$ THN YUCHN
'H= NOSOU TO SWMA. MAKRON MEN-'OUN LOGON 'EI 'QELEI$ LEGEIN,
PROLEGW0 SOI4 "OTI4 'OUK 'AN4 ME 'IASAIO % 'OU-GAR 'AN4 'AKOLOUQHSAIMI %
"WSPER DE 'ARTI 'EI 'QELEI$ MOI 'APOKRINESQAI, PANU 'ONHSEI$,
'OIMAI DE-'OUD' 'AUTON SE BLABHSESQAI. DIKAIW$ D' 'AN4 KAI SE
PARAKALOIHN, 'W* PAI 'APHMANTOU; SU GAR ME 'EPHRA$ "IPPIA\
DIALEGESQAI, KAI NU*N, 'EA=N MH MOI 'EQELHI5 "IPPIA$ 'APOKRINESQAI,
DEOU 'AUTOU4 "UPER 'EMOU4.
EU _ 'ALL', 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OIMAI 'OUDEN DEHSESQAI "IPPIAN
<P 373B>
TH$ "HMETERA$ DEHSEW$; 'OU-GAR TOIAUTA 'AUTWI 'ESTI TA PROEIRHMENA,
'ALL' "OTI4 'OUDENO$ 'AN4 FUGOI 'ANDRO$ 'ERWTHSIN. 'H*-GAR,
'W* "IPPIA: 'OU TAUTA 'H*N "A 'ELEGE$:
IP _ 'EGWGE; 'ALLA= SWKRATH$, 'W* 'EUDIKE, 'AEI TARATTEI0 'EN
TOI$ LOGOI$ KAI 'EOIKEN0 "WSPER KAKOURGOUNTI.
SW _ 'W* BELTISTE "IPPIA, 'OUTI "EKWN GE TAUTA 'EGW POIW0 %
SOFO$ GAR 'AN4 'H*2 KAI DEINO$ KATA TON SON LOGON % 'ALLA= 'AKWN,
"WSTE MOI SUGGNWMHN 'ECE; FH=I$ GAR 'AU DEIN, "O$ 'AN4 KAKOURGHI5
'AKWN, SUGGNWMHN 'ECEIN.
<P 373C>
EU _ KAI MHDAMW$ GE, 'W* "IPPIA, 'ALLW$ POIEI5, 'ALLA=-KAI
"HMWN "ENEKA KAI TWN PROEIRHMENWN SOI4 LOGWN 'APOKRINOU "A 'AN4
SE 'ERWTA*I2 SWKRATH$.
IP _ 'ALL' 'APOKRINOUMAI, SOU4 GE DEOMENOU. 'ALL' 'ERWTA
"OTI2 BOULEI.
SW _ KAI-MHN SFO=DRA GE 'EPIQUMW0, 'W* "IPPIA, DIASKEYASQAI
TO NUNDH LEGOMENON, POTEROI POTE 'AMEINOU$, "OI "EKONTE$ 'H= "OI
'AKONTE$ "AMARTANONTE$. 'OIMAI 'OUN 'EPI THN SKEYIN 'ORQOTAT'
'AN4 "WDE 'ELQEIN. 'ALL' 'APOKRINAI2; KALEI$0 TINA DROMEA 'AGAQON:
<P 373D>
IP _ 'EGWGE. SW _ KAI KAKON: IP _ NAI. SW _ 'OUKOU*N
'AGAQO$ MEN "O 'EU QEWN, KAKO$ DE "O KAKW$: IP _ NAI. SW _
'OUKOU*N "O BRADEW$ QEWN KAKW$ QEI0, "O DE TACEW$ 'EU: IP _ NAI.
SW _ 'EN DROMWI MEN-'A=RA-KAI TW*I QEIN TACO$ MEN 'AGAQON,
BRADUTH$ DE KAKON: IP _ 'ALLA= TI= MELLEI0: SW _ POTERO$
'OUN 'AMEINWN DROMEU$, "O "EKWN BRADEW$ QEWN 'H= "O 'AKWN:
IP _ "O "EKWN. SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OU POIEIN TI 'ESTI TO QEIN:
IP _ POIEIN MEN-'OUN. SW _ 'EI DE POIEIN, 'OU-KAI 'ERGAZESQAI
<P 373E>
TI: IP _ NAI. SW _ "O KAKW$ 'A=RA QEWN KAKON KAI 'AISCRON
'EN DROMWI TOUTO 'ERGAZETAI: IP _ KAKON; PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ KAKW$ DE QEI0 "O BRADEW$ QEWN: IP _ NAI. SW _
'OUKOU*N "O MEN 'AGAQO$ DROMEU$ "EKWN TO KAKON TOUTO 'ERGAZETAI
KAI TO 'AISCRON, "O DE KAKO$ 'AKWN: IP _ 'EOIKEN0 GE.
SW _ 'EN DROMWI MEN-'A=RA PONHROTERO$ "O 'AKWN KAKA 'ERGAZOMENO$


<P 374A>
'H= "O "EKWN: IP _ 'EN DROMWI GE. SW _ TI= D' 'EN PALHI:
POTERO$ PALAISTH$ 'AMEINWN, "O "EKWN PIPTWN 'H= "O 'AKWN:
IP _ "O "EKWN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0. SW _ PONHROTERON DE-KAI 'AISCION
'EN PALHI TO PIPTEIN 'H= TO KATABALLEIN: IP _ TO PIPTEIN.
SW _ KAI 'EN PALHI 'A=RA "O "EKWN TA PONHRA KAI 'AISCRA 'ERGAZOMENO$
BELTIWN PALAISTH$ 'H= "O 'AKWN. IP _ 'EOIKEN0. SW _
TI= DE 'EN THI 'ALLHI PASHI THI TOU* SWMATO$ CREIA\: 'OUC "O BELTIWN
TO SWMA DUNATAI 'AMFO=TERA 'ERGAZESQAI, KAI TA 'ISCURA KAI TA
<P 374B>
'ASQENH, KAI TA 'AISCRA KAI TA KALA; "WSTE "OTAN KATA TO SWMA
PONHRA 'ERGAZHTAI, "EKWN 'ERGAZETAI "O BELTIWN TO SWMA, "O DE
PONHROTERO$ 'AKWN: IP _ 'EOIKEN0 KAI TA KATA THN 'ISCUN "OUTW$
'ECEIN.
SW _ TI= DE KAT' 'EUSCHMOSUNHN, 'W* "IPPIA: 'OU TOU* BELTIONO$
SWMATO$ 'ESTIN "EKONTO$ TA 'AISCRA KAI PONHRA SCHMATA SCHMATIZEIN,
TOU* DE PONHROTEROU 'AKONTO$: 'H= PW*$ SOI4 DOKEI0:
IP _ "OUTW$. SW _ KAI 'ASCHMOSUNH 'A=RA "H MEN "EKOUSIO$
<P 374C>
PRO$ 'ARETH$ 'ESTIN, "H DE 'AKOUSIO$ PRO$ PONHRIA$ SWMATO$.
IP _ FAINETAI. SW _ TI= DE FWNH$ PE=RI LEGEI$: POTERAN
FH=I$ 'EINAI BELTIW, THN "EKOUSIW$ 'APA\DOUSAN 'H= THN 'AKOUSIW$:
IP _ THN "EKOUSIW$. SW _ MOCQHROTERAN DE THN 'AKOUSIW$:
IP _ NAI. SW _ DEXAIO D' 'AN4 POTERON 'TAGAQA KEKTHSQAI
'H= TA KAKA: IP _ 'TAGAQA. SW _ POTERON 'OUN 'AN4 DEXAIO
PODA$ KEKTHSQAI "EKOUSIW$ CWLAINONTA$ 'H= 'AKOUSIW$:
<P 374D>
IP _ "EKOUSIW$. SW _ CWLEIA DE PODWN 'OUCI PONHRIA KAI
'ASCHMOSUNH 'ESTIN: IP _ NAI. SW _ TI= DE: 'AMBLUWPIA
'OU PONHRIA 'OFQALMWN: IP _ NAI. SW _ POTEROU$ 'OUN 'AN4
BOULOIO 'OFQALMOU$ KEKTHSQAI KAI POTEROI$ SUNEINAI: "OI$
"EKWN 'AN4 TI$ 'AMBLUWTTOI KAI PARORWIH 'H= "OI$ 'AKWN: IP _ "OI$
"EKWN. SW _ BELTIW 'A=RA "HGHSAI TWN SAUTOU TA "EKOUSIW$
PONHRA 'ERGAZOMENA 'H= TA 'AKOUSIW$: IP _ TA GOUN TOIAUTA.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N PANTA, "OION KAI 'WTA KAI "RINA$ KAI STOMA KAI
PASA$ TA$ 'AISQHSEI$, "EI$ LOGO$ SUNECEI0, TA$ MEN 'AKONTW$
<P 374E>
KAKA 'ERGAZOMENA$ 'AKTHTOU$ 'EINAI "W$ PONHRA$ 'OUSA$, TA$ DE
"EKOUSIW$ KTHTA$ "W$ 'AGAQA$ 'OUSA$. IP _ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW _ TI= DE: 'ORGANWN POTERWN BELTIWN "H KOINWNIA, "OI$ "EKWN
TI$ KAKA 'ERGAZETAI 'H= "OI$ 'AKWN: "OION PHDALION "WI 'AKWN KAKW$
TI$ KUBERNHSEI2 BELTION 'H= "WI "EKWN: IP _ "WI "EKWN. SW _ 'OU-KAI
TOXON "WSAUTW$ KAI LURA KAI 'AULOI KAI 'TALLA SUMPANTA:


<P 375A>
IP _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$. SW _ TI= DE: YUCHN KEKTHSQAI "IPPOU,
"HI "EKWN TI$ KAKW$ "IPPEUSEI2, 'AMEINON 'H= "HI7 'AKWN: IP _ "HI
"EKWN. SW _ 'AMEINWN 'A=RA 'ESTIN. IP _ NAI. SW _ THI
'AMEINONI 'A=RA YUCHI "IPPOU TA TH$ YUCH$ 'ERGA TAUTH$ TA
PONHRA "EKOUSIW$ 'AN4 POIOI*, THI DE TH$ PONHRA$ 'AKOUSIW$:
IP _ PANU GE. SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI KUNO$ KAI TWN 'ALLWN ZWIWN
PANTWN: IP _ NAI. SW _ TI= DE-DH: 'ANQRWPOU YUCHN
'EKTHSQAI TOXOTOU 'AMEINON 'ESTIN, "HTI$ "EKOUSIW$ "AMARTANEI0
<P 375B>
TOU* SKOPOU, 'H= "HTI$ 'AKOUSIW$: IP _ "HTI$ "EKOUSIW$. SW _
'OUKOU*N-KAI "AU=TH 'AMEINWN 'EI$ TOXIKHN 'ESTIN: IP _ NAI.
SW _ KAI YUCH 'A=RA 'AKOUSIW$ "AMARTANOUSA PONHROTE=RA 'H=
"EKOUSIW$: IP _ 'EN TOXIKHI GE. SW _ TI= D' 'EN 'IATRIKHI: 'OUCI
"H "EKOUSA KAKA 'ERGAZOMENH PERI= TA SWMATA 'IATRIKWTE=RA:
IP _ NAI. SW _ 'AMEINWN 'A=RA "AU=TH 'EN TAUTHI THI TECNHI TH$
MH 'IATRIKH$8. IP _ 'AMEINWN. SW _ TI= DE: "H KIQARISTIKWTE=RA
KAI 'AULHTIKWTE=RA KAI 'TALLA PANTA TA KATA TA$ TECNA$
<P 375C>
TE-KAI TA$ 'EPISTHMA$, 'OUCI "H 'AMEINWN "EKOUSA TA KAKA 'ERGAZETAI
KAI TA 'AISCRA KAI 'EXAMARTANEI0, "H DE PONHROTE=RA
'AKOUSA: IP _ FAINETAI. SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN-POU TA$ GE TWN
DOULWN YUCA$ KEKTHSQAI DEXAIMEQ' 'AN4 MALLON TA$ "EKOUSIW$
'H= TA$ 'AKOUSIW$ "AMARTANOUSA$ TE-KAI KAKOURGOUSA$, "W$
'AMEINOU$ 'OUSA$ 'EI$ TAUTA. IP _ NAI. SW _ TI= DE: THN
"HMETERAN-'AUTWN 'OU BOULOIMEQ' 'AN4 "W$ BELTISTHN 'EKTHSQAI:
<P 375D>
IP _ NAI: SW _ 'OUKOU*N BELTIWN 'ESTAI, 'EA=N "EKOUSA KAKOURGHI5
TE-KAI 'EXAMARTANHI5, 'H= 'EA=N 'AKOUSA:
IP _ DEINON 'MENTAN 'EIH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EI "OI "EKONTE$
'ADIKOUNTE$ BELTIOU$ 'ESONTAI 'H= "OI 'AKONTE$.
SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN FAINONTAI GE 'EK TWN 'EIRHMENWN.
IP _ 'OU=KOUN 'EMOIGE.
SW _ 'EGW D' 'WIMHN, 'W* "IPPIA, KAI SOI4 FANHNAI. PALIN D'
'APOKRINAI2; "H DIKAIOSUNH 'OUCI 'H= DUNAMI$ TI$ 'ESTIN 'H= 'EPISTHMH
'H= 'AMFO=TERA: 'H= 'OUK 'ANAGKH "EN GE TI TOUTWN 'EINAI THN
<P 375E>
DIKAIOSUNHN: IP _ NAI. SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EI MEN DUNAMI$ 'ESTI
TH$ YUCH$ "H DIKAIOSUNH, "H DUNATWTE=RA YUCH DIKAIOTE=RA
'ESTI: BELTIWN GAR-POU "HMIN 'EFANH, 'W* 'ARISTE, "H TOIAUTH.
IP _ 'EFANH GAR. SW _ TI= D' 'EI 'EPISTHMH: 'OUC "H SOFWTE=RA
YUCH DIKAIOTE=RA, "H DE 'AMAQESTE=RA 'ADIKWTE=RA: IP7 _
NAI7. SW _ TI= D' 'EI 'AMFO=TERA: 'OUC "H 'AMFOTE=RA$ 'ECOUSA,
'EPISTHMHN KAI DUNAMIN, DIKAIOTE=RA, "H D' 'AMAQESTE=RA 'ADIKWTE=RA:
'OUC "OUTW$ 'ANAGKH 'ECEIN: IP _ FAINETAI. SW _
'OUKOU*N "H DUNATWTE=RA KAI SOFWTE=RA "AU=TH 'AMEINWN 'OUSA
'EFANH KAI 'AMFO=TERA MALLON DUNAMENH POIEIN, KAI TA


<P 376A>
KALA KAI TA 'AISCRA, PERI= PASAN 'ERGASIAN: IP _ NAI.
SW _ "OTAN 'A=RA TA 'AISCRA 'ERGAZHTAI, "EKOUSA 'ERGAZETAI
DIA= DUNAMIN KAI TECNHN; TAUTA DE DIKAIOSUNH$ FAINETAI, 'HTOI
'AMFO=TERA 'H= TO "ETERON. IP _ 'EOIKEN0. SW _ KAI TO MEN-GE
'ADIKEIN KAKA POIEIN 'ESTIN, TO DE MH 'ADIKEIN KALA. IP _ NAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "H DUNATWTE=RA KAI 'AMEINWN YUCH, "OTANPER
'ADIKHI5, "EKOUSA 'ADIKHSEI2, "H DE PONHRA 'AKOUSA: IP _ FAINETAI.
<P 376B>
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'AGAQO$ 'ANHR "O THN 'AGAQHN YUCHN 'ECWN, KAKO$
DE "O THN KAKHN: IP _ NAI. SW _ 'AGAQOU MEN-'A=RA 'ANDRO$
'ESTIN "EKONTA 'ADIKEIN, KAKOU DE 'AKONTA, 'EIPER "O 'AGAQO$ 'AGAQHN
YUCHN 'ECEI0. IP _ 'ALLA=-MHN 'ECEI0 GE. SW _ "O 'A=RA "EKWN
"AMARTANWN KAI 'AISCRA KAI 'ADIKA POIW*N, 'W* "IPPIA, 'EIPER TI$
'ESTIN "OUTO$, 'OUK 'AN4 'ALLO$ 'EIH 'H= "O 'AGAQO$.
IP _ 'OUK 'ECW0 "OPW$ SOI4 SUGCWRHSW42, 'W* SWKRATE$, TAUTA.
SW _ 'OUDE-GAR 'EGW 'EMOI4, 'W* "IPPIA; 'ALL' 'ANAGKAION "OUTW
<P 376C>
FAINESQAI NU*N GE "HMIN 'EK TOU* LOGOU. "OPER MENTOI PALAI
'ELEGON, 'EGW PERI= TAUTA 'ANW KAI KATW PLANWMAI0 KAI 'OUDEPOTE
'TAUTA MOI DOKEI0. KAI 'EME MEN 'OUDEN QAUMASTON PLANASQAI
'OUDE 'ALLON 'IDIWTHN; 'EI DE-KAI "UMEI$ PLANHSESQE "OI SOFOI,
TOUTO 'HDH KAI "HMIN DEINON 'EI MHDE PAR' "UMA$ 'AFIKOMENOI
PAUSOMEQA TH$ PLANH$


<B IWN>


<P 530A>
SW _ TON 'IWNA CAIREIN. PO=QEN TA NU*N "HMIN 'EPIDEDHMHKA$:
'H= 'OIKOQEN 'EX 'EFESOU:
IWN _ 'OUDAMW$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALL' 'EX 'EPIDAUROU 'EK TWN
'ASKLHPIEIWN.
SW _ MWN KAI "RAYWIDWN 'AGWNA TIQEASIN TW*I QEWI "OI
'EPIDAURIOI:
IWN _ PANU GE, KAI TH$ 'ALLH$ GE MOUSIKH$.
SW _ TI= 'OUN: 'HGWNIZOU TI "HMIN: KAI PW*$ TI 'HGWNISW:
<P 530B>
IWN _ TA PRWTA TWN 'AQLWN 'HNEGKAMEQA, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'EU LEGEI$; 'AGE DH "OPW$ KAI TA PANAQHNAIA
NIKHSOMEN.
IWN _ 'ALL' 'ESTAI TAUTA, 'EA=N QEO$ 'EQELHI5.
SW _ KAI-MHN POLLAKI$ GE 'EZHLWSA "UMA$ TOU$ "RAYWIDOU$,
'W* 'IWN, TH$ TECNH$; TO GAR "AMA MEN TO SWMA KEKOSMHSQAI
'AEI PREPON "UMWN 'EINAI THI TECNHI KAI "W$ KALLISTOI$ FAINESQAI,
"AMA DE 'ANAGKAION 'EINAI 'EN TE 'ALLOI$ POIHTAI$ DIATRIBEIN
POLLOI$ KAI 'AGAQOI$ KAI-DH-KAI MALISTA 'EN "OMHRWI,
TW*I 'ARISTWI KAI QEIOTATWI TWN POIHTWN, KAI THN TOUTOU DIANOIAN
<P 530C>
'EKMANQANEIN, MH MONON TA 'EPH, ZHLWTON 'ESTIN. 'OU-GAR
'AN4 GENOITO POTE 'AGAQO$ "RAYWIDO$, 'EI MH SUNEIH TA
LEGOMENA "UPO TOU* POIHTOU. TON GAR "RAYWIDON "ERMHNEA DEI
TOU* POIHTOU TH$ DIANOIA$ GIGNESQAI TOI$ 'AKOUOUSI4; TOUTO DE
KALW$ POIEIN MH GIGNWSKONTA "OTI2 LEGEI0 "O POIHTH$ 'ADUNATON.
TAUTA 'OUN PANTA 'A=XIA ZHLOUSQAI.
IWN _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$; 'EMOI4 GOUN TOUTO
PLEISTON 'ERGON PARESCEN TH$ TECNH$, KAI 'OIMAI KALLISTA
'ANQRWPWN LEGEIN PERI= "OMHROU, "W$ 'OUTE MHTRODWRO$ "O
<P 530D>
LAMYAKHNO$ 'OUTE STHSIMBROTO$ "O QASIO$ 'OUTE GLAUKWN
'OUTE 'ALLO$ 'OUDEI$ TWN PWPOTE GENOMENWN 'ESCEN 'EIPEIN "OUTW
POLLA$ KAI KALA$ DIANOIA$ PERI= "OMHROU "OSA$ 'EGW.
SW _ 'EU LEGEI$, 'W* 'IWN; DHLON GAR "OTI4 'OU FQONHSEI$
MOI 'EPIDEIXAI0.
IWN _ KAI-MHN 'AXION GE 'AKOUSAI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, "W$ 'EU
KEKOSMHKA TON "OMHRON; "WSTE 'OIMAI "UPO "OMHRIDWN 'AXIO$
'EINAI CRUSWI STEFANWI STEFANWQHNAI.
SW _ KAI-MHN 'EGW 'ETI POIHSOMAI SCOLHN 'AKROASASQAI


<P 531A>
SOU4, NU*N DE MOI TOSONDE 'APOKRINAI2; POTERON PERI= "OMHROU
MONON DEINO$ 'EI* 'H=-KAI PERI= "HSIODOU KAI 'ARCILOCOU:
IWN _ 'OUDAMW$, 'ALLA= PERI= "OMHROU MONON; "IKANON GAR
MOI DOKEI0 'EINAI.
SW _ 'ESTI DE PERI= "OTOU "OMHRO$ TE-KAI "HSIODO$ 'TAUTA
LEGETON0: IWN _ 'OIMAI 'EGWGE KAI POLLA. SW _ POTERON
'OUN PERI= TOUTWN KALLION 'AN4 'EXHGHSAIO "A "OMHRO$ LEGEI0
'H= "A "HSIODO$: IWN _ "OMOIW$ 'AN4 PERI= GE TOUTWN, 'W*
<P 531B>
SWKRATE$, PERI= "WN 'TAUTA LEGOUSIN0. SW _ TI= DE "WN
PE=RI MH 'TAUTA LEGOUSIN0: "OION PERI= MANTIKH$ LEGEI0 TI
"OMHRO$ TE-KAI "HSIODO$. IWN _ PANU GE. SW _ TI=
'OUN: "OSA TE "OMOIW$ KAI "OSA DIAFORW$ PERI= MANTIKH$
LEGETON0 TW POIHTA TOUTW, POTERON SU KALLION 'AN4 'EXHGHSAIO
'H= TWN MANTEWN TI$ TWN 'AGAQWN: IWN _ TWN
MANTEWN. SW _ 'EI DE SU 'HSQA MANTI$, 'OUK, 'EIPER PERI=
TWN "OMOIW$ LEGOMENWN "OIO$-T'-'HSQA 'EXHGHSASQAI, KAI PERI=
TWN DIAFORW$ LEGOMENWN 'HPISTW 'AN4 'EXHGEISQAI: IWN _
DHLON "OTI4.
<P 531C>
SW _ TI= 'OUN POTE PERI= MEN "OMHROU DEINO$ 'EI*, PERI= DE
"HSIODOU 'OU=, 'OUDE TWN 'ALLWN POIHTWN: 'H= "OMHRO$ PERI=
'ALLWN TINWN LEGEI0 'H= "WNPER SUMPANTE$ "OI 'ALLOI POIHTAI:
'OU PERI= POLEMOU TE TA POLLA DIELHLUQEN0 KAI PERI= "OMILIWN
PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ 'ANQRWPWN 'AGAQWN TE-KAI KAKWN KAI 'IDIWTWN
KAI DHMIOURGWN, KAI PERI= QEWN PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ KAI PRO$
'ANQRWPOU$ "OMILOUNTWN0, "W$ "OMILOUSI0, KAI PERI= TWN 'OURANIWN
PAQHMATWN KAI PERI= TWN 'EN "AIDOU, KAI GENESEI$ KAI QEWN
<P 531D>
KAI "HRWWN: 'OU TAUTA 'ESTI PERI= "WN "OMHRO$ THN POIHSIN
PEPOIHKEN0:
IWN _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ TI= DE "OI 'ALLOI POIHTAI: 'OU PERI= TWN 'AUTWN
TOUTWN:
IWN _ NAI, 'ALL', 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUC "OMOIW$ PEPOIHKASI
KAI "OMHRO$.
SW _ TI= MHN: KAKION:
IWN _ POLU GE.
SW _ "OMHRO$ DE 'AMEINON:
IWN _ 'AMEINON MENTOI NH DI=A.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'W* FILH KEFALH 'IWN, "OTAN PERI= 'ARIQMOU
POLLWN LEGONTWN0 "EI$ TI$ 'ARISTA LEGHI5, GNWSETAI DHPOU TI$
<P 531E>
TON 'EU LEGONTA: IWN _ FHMI. SW _ POTERON 'OUN "O 'AUTO$
"OSPER KAI TOU$ KAKW$ LEGONTA$, 'H= 'ALLO$: IWN _ "O 'AUTO$
DHPOU. SW _ 'OUKOU*N "O THN 'ARIQMHTIKHN TECNHN 'ECWN "OUTO$
'ESTIN: IWN _ NAI. SW _ TI= D': "OTAN POLLWN LEGONTWN0
PERI= "UGIEINWN SITIWN "OPOI*A 'ESTIN, "EI$ TI$ 'ARISTA LEGHI5,
POTERON "ETERO$ MEN TI$ TON 'ARISTA LEGONTA GNWSETAI "OTI4
'ARISTA LEGEI0, "ETERO$ DE TON KAKION "OTI4 KAKION, 'H= "O 'AUTO$:
IWN _ DHLON DHPOU, "O 'AUTO$. SW _ TI=$ "OUTO$: TI= 'ONOMA
'AUTWI: IWN _ 'IATRO$. SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EN KEFALAIWI LEGOMEN
"W$ "O 'AUTO$ GNWSETAI 'AEI, PERI= TWN 'AUTWN POLLWN LEGONTWN0,


<P 532A>
"OSTI$ TE 'EU LEGEI0 KAI "OSTI$ KAKW$; 'H= 'EI MH GNWSETAI
TON KAKW$ LEGONTA, DHLON "OTI4 'OUDE TON 'EU, PERI= GE TOU*
'AUTOU4. IWN _ "OUTW$. SW _ 'OUKOU*N "O 'AUTO$ GIGNETAI DEINO$
PERI= 'AMFOTERWN: IWN _ NAI. SW _ 'OUKOU*N SU FH=I$ KAI
"OMHRON KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ POIHTA$, 'EN "OI$ KAI "HSIODO$ KAI
'ARCILOCO$ 'ESTIN, PERI= GE TWN 'AUTWN LEGEIN, 'ALL' 'OUC
"OMOIW$, 'ALLA= TON MEN 'EU GE, TOU$ DE CEIRON: IWN _ KAI
'ALHQH LEGW0. SW _ 'OUKOU*N, 'EIPER TON 'EU LEGONTA GIGNWSKEI$,
<P 532B>
KAI TOU$ CEIRON LEGONTA$ GIGNWSKOI$ 'AN4 "OTI4 CEIRON
LEGOUSIN0. IWN _ 'EOIKEN0 GE. SW _ 'OUKOU*N, 'W* BELTISTE,
"OMOIW$ TON 'IWNA LEGONTE$ PERI= "OMHROU TE DEINON 'EINAI KAI
PERI= TWN 'ALLWN POIHTWN 'OUC "AMARTHSOMEQA, 'EPEIDH GE
'AUTO$ "OMOLOGHI0 TON 'AUTON 'ESESQAI KRITHN "IKANON PANTWN
"OSOI 'AN4 PERI= TWN 'AUTWN LEGWSI, TOU$ DE POIHTA$ SCEDON
"APANTA$ TA 'AUTA POIEIN.
IWN _ TI= 'OUN POTE TO 'AITION, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OTI4 'EGW, "OTAN
MEN TI$ PERI= 'ALLOU TOU POIHTOU DIALEGHTAI, 'OUTE PROSECW0
<P 532C>
TON NOUN 'ADUNATW0 TE-KAI "OTIOUN SUMBALESQAI LOGOU 'AXION,
'ALL' 'ATECNW$ NUSTAZW0, 'EPEIDAN DE TI$ PERI= "OMHROU MNHSQHI,
'EUQU$ TE 'EGRHGORA KAI PROSECW0 TON NOUN KAI 'EUPORW0 "OTI2
LEGW3:
SW _ 'OU CALEPON TOUTO GE 'EIKASAI0, 'W* "ETAIRE, 'ALLA= PANTI
DHLON "OTI4 TECNHI KAI 'EPISTHMHI PERI= "OMHROU LEGEIN 'ADUNATO$
'EI*; 'EI GAR TECNHI "OIO$-TE-'HSQA, KAI PERI= TWN 'ALLWN POIHTWN
"APANTWN LEGEIN "OIO$-T' 'AN4 'HSQA; POIHTIKH GAR-POU 'ESTIN
TO "OLON. 'H= 'OU=:
IWN _ NAI.
<P 532D>
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EPEIDAN LABHI6 TI$ KAI 'ALLHN TECNHN "HNTINOUN
"OLHN, "O 'AUTO$ TROPO$ TH$ SKEYEW$ 'ESTAI PERI= "APASWN
TWN TECNWN: PW*$ TOUTO LEGW0, DEHI0 TI MOU 'AKOUSAI0, 'W* 'IWN:
IWN _ NAI MA TON DI=A, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EGWGE; CAIRW0 GAR
'AKOUWN "UMWN TWN SOFWN.
SW _ BOULOIMHN 'AN4 SE 'ALHQH LEGEIN, 'W* 'IWN; 'ALLA= SOFOI
MEN-POU 'ESTE0 "UMEI$ "OI "RAYWIDOI KAI "UPOKRITAI KAI "WN "UMEI$
'A\DETE0 TA POIHMATA, 'EGW DE 'OUDEN 'ALLO 'H= 'TALHQH LEGW0,
<P 532E>
"OION 'EIKO$ 'IDIWTHN 'ANQRWPON. 'EPEI KAI PERI= TOUTOU "OU NU*N
'HROMHN SE, QEASAI "W$ FAULON KAI 'IDIWTIKON 'ESTI KAI PANTO$
'ANDRO$ GNWNAI0 "O= 'ELEGON, THN 'AUTHN 'EINAI SKEYIN 'EPEIDAN
TI$ "OLHN TECNHN LABHI6. LABWMEN GAR TW*I LOGWI; GRAFIKH
GAR TI$ 'ESTI TECNH TO "OLON: IWN _ NAI. SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI
GRAFH$ POLLOI KAI 'EISI KAI GEGONASIN 'AGAQOI KAI FAULOI:
IWN _ PANU GE. SW _ 'HDH 'OUN TINA 'EIDE$ "OSTI$ PERI=
MEN POLUGNWTOU TOU* 'AGLAOFWNTO$ DEINO$ 'ESTIN 'APOFAINEIN
"A 'EU TE GRAFEI0 KAI "A MH, PERI= DE TWN 'ALLWN GRAFEWN


<P 533A>
'ADUNATO$: KAI 'EPEIDAN MEN TI$ TA TWN 'ALLWN ZWGRAFWN
'ERGA 'EPIDEIKNUHI5, NUSTAZEI0 TE-KAI 'APOREI0 KAI 'OUK 'ECEI0 "OTI2
SUMBALHTAI, 'EPEIDAN DE PERI= POLUGNWTOU 'H= 'ALLOU "OTOU
BOULEI TWN GRAFEWN "ENO$ MONOU DEHI5 'APOFHNASQAI GNWMHN,
'EGRHGOREN0 TE-KAI PROSECEI0 TON NOUN KAI 'EUPOREI0 "OTI2 'EIPHI6:
IWN _ 'OU MA TON DI=A 'OU-DHTA. SW _ TI= DE: 'EN 'ANDRIANTOPOIIA\
'HDH TIN' 'EIDE$ "OSTI$ PERI= MEN DAIDALOU TOU* MHTIONO$
<P 533B>
'H= 'EPEIOU TOU* PANOPEW$ 'H= QEODWROU TOU* SAMIOU 'H= 'ALLOU
TINO$ 'ANDRIANTOPOIOU "ENO$ PE=RI DEINO$ 'ESTIN 'EXHGEISQAI "A
'EU PEPOIHKEN0, 'EN DE TOI$ TWN 'ALLWN 'ANDRIANTOPOIWN 'ERGOI$
'APOREI0 TE-KAI NUSTAZEI0, 'OUK 'ECWN "OTI2 'EIPHI6: IWN _ 'OU MA
TON DI=A 'OUDE TOUTON "EWRAKA. SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN, "W$ G' 'EGW
'OIMAI, 'OUD' 'EN 'AULHSEI GE-'OUDE 'EN KIQARISEI 'OUDE 'EN KIQARWIDIA\
'OUDE 'EN "RAYWIDIA\ 'OUDEPWPOT' 'EIDE$ 'ANDRA "OSTI$ PERI= MEN
'OLUMPOU DEINO$ 'ESTIN 'EXHGEISQAI 'H= PERI= QAMUROU 'H= PERI=
<P 533C>
'ORFEW$ 'H= PERI= FHMIOU TOU* 'IQAKHSIOU "RAYWIDOU, PERI= DE
'IWNO$ TOU* 'EFESIOU "RAYWIDOU8 'APOREI0 KAI 'OUK 'ECEI0 SUMBALESQAI
"A TE 'EU "RAYWIDEI0 KAI "A MH.
IWN _ 'OUK 'ECW0 SOI4 PERI= TOUTOU 'ANTILEGEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$;
'ALL' 'EKEINO 'EMAUTWI SUNOIDA, "OTI4 PERI= "OMHROU KALLIST'
'ANQRWPWN LEGW0 KAI 'EUPORW0 KAI "OI 'ALLOI PANTE$ ME FASIN0
'EU LEGEIN, PERI= DE TWN 'ALLWN 'OU=. KAITOI "ORA TOUTO TI=
'ESTIN.
SW _ KAI "ORW0, 'W* 'IWN, KAI 'ERCOMAI GE SOI4 'APOFANOUMENO$
<P 533D>
"O= MOI DOKEI0 TOUTO 'EINAI. 'ESTI GAR TOUTO TECNH MEN
'OUK 'ON PARA SOI4 PERI= "OMHROU 'EU LEGEIN, "O= NUNDH 'ELEGON,
QEI=A DE DUNAMI$ "H= SE KINEI0, "WSPER 'EN THI LIQWI "HN 'EURIPIDH$
MEN MAGNHTIN 'WNOMASEN, "OI DE POLLOI "HRAKLEIAN.
KAI-GAR "AU=TH "H LIQO$ 'OU MONON 'AUTOU$ TOU$ DAKTULIOU$ 'AGEI0
TOU$ SIDHROU$, 'ALLA=-KAI DUNAMIN 'ENTIQHSI TOI$ DAKTULIOI$
"WST' 'AU DUNASQAI 'TAUTON TOUTO POIEIN "OPER "H LIQO$, 'ALLOU$
<P 533E>
'AGEIN DAKTULIOU$, "WST' 'ENIOTE "ORMAQO$ MAKRO$ PANU SIDHRIWN
KAI DAKTULIWN 'EX 'ALLHLWN 'HRTHTAI; PASI DE TOUTOI$
'EX 'EKEINH$ TH$ LIQOU "H DUNAMI$ 'ANHRTHTAI. "OUTW DE-KAI "H
MOUSA 'ENQEOU$ MEN POIEI0 'AUTH, DIA= DE TWN 'ENQEWN TOUTWN
'ALLWN 'ENQOUSIAZONTWN0 "ORMAQO$ 'EXARTATAI0. PANTE$ GAR "OI
TE TWN 'EPWN POIHTAI "OI 'AGAQOI 'OUK 'EK TECNH$ 'ALL' 'ENQEOI
'ONTE$ KAI KATECOMENOI PANTA TAUTA TA KALA LEGOUSI0 POIHMATA,
KAI "OI MELOPOIOI "OI 'AGAQOI "WSAUTW$, "WSPER "OI KORUBANTIWNTE$


<P 534A>
'OUK 'EMFRONE$ 'ONTE$ 'ORCOUNTAI, "OUTW KAI "OI MELOPOIOI
'OUK 'EMFRONE$ 'ONTE$ TA KALA MELH TAUTA POIOUSIN0,
'ALL' 'EPEIDAN 'EMBWSIN 'EI$ THN "ARMONIAN KAI 'EI$ TON "RUQMON,
BAKCEUOUSI0 KAI KATECOMENOI, "WSPER "AI BAKCAI 'ARUONTAI 'EK
TWN POTAMWN MELI KAI GALA KATECOMENAI, 'EMFRONE$ DE 'OUSAI
'OU=, KAI TWN MELOPOIWN "H YUCH TOUTO 'ERGAZETAI, "OPER 'AUTOI
LEGOUSI0. LEGOUSI0 GAR-DHPOUQEN PRO$ "HMA$ "OI POIHTAI "OTI4
<P 534B>
'APO KRHNWN MELIRRUTWN 'EK MOUSWN KHPWN TINWN KAI NAPWN
DREPOMENOI TA MELH "HMIN FEROUSIN0 "WSPER "AI MELITTAI, KAI
'AUTOI "OUTW PETOMENOI; KAI 'ALHQH LEGOUSI0. KOUFON GAR
CRHMA POIHTH$ 'ESTIN KAI PTHNON KAI "IERON, KAI 'OU PROTERON
"OIO$-TE-POIEIN PRIN 'AN4 'ENQEO$ TE GENHTAI KAI 'EKFRWN KAI
"O NOU$ MHKETI 'EN 'AUTWI 'ENHI; "EW$ D' 'AN4 TOUTI 'ECHI5 TO KTHMA,
'ADUNATO$ PA$ POIEIN 'ANQRWPO$ 'ESTIN KAI CRHSMWIDEIN. "ATE
'OUN 'OU TECNHI POIOUNTE$ KAI POLLA LEGONTE$ KAI KALA PERI=
<P 534C>
TWN PRAGMATWN, "WSPER SU PERI= "OMHROU, 'ALLA= QEIA\ MOIRA\
TOUTO MONON "OIO$-TE "EKASTO$ POIEIN KALW$ 'EF' "O= "H MOUSA
'AUTON "WRMHSEN, "O MEN DIQURAMBOU$, "O DE 'EGKWMIA, "O DE
"UPORCHMATA, "O D' 'EPH, "O D' 'IAMBOU$; TA D' 'A=LLA FAULO$
'AUTWN "EKASTO$ 'ESTIN. 'OU-GAR TECNHI TAUTA LEGOUSIN0 'ALLA=
QEIA\ DUNAMEI, 'EPEI, 'EI PERI= "ENO$ TECNHI KALW$ 'HPISTANTO
LEGEIN, 'KAN4 PERI= TWN 'ALLWN "APANTWN; DIA= TAUTA DE "O QEO$
'EXAIROUMENO$ TOUTWN TON NOUN TOUTOI$ CRHTAI0 "UPHRETAI$ KAI
<P 534D>
TOI$ CRHSMWIDOI$ KAI TOI$ MANTESI TOI$ QEIOI$, "INA "HMEI$ "OI
'AKOUONTE$ 'EIDWMEN "OTI4 'OUC "OUTOI 'EISIN "OI TAUTA LEGONTE$
"OUTW POLLOU 'A=XIA, "OI$ NOU$ MH PARESTIN, 'ALL' "O QEO$ 'AUTO$
'ESTIN "O LEGWN, DIA= TOUTWN DE FQEGGETAI PRO$ "HMA$. MEGISTON
DE TEKMHRION TW*I LOGWI TUNNICO$ "O CALKIDEU$, "O$
'ALLO MEN 'OUDEN PWPOTE 'EPOIHSE POIHMA "OTOU TI$ 'AN4 'AXIWSEIEN
MNHSQHNAI, TON DE PAIWNA "ON PANTE$ 'A\DOUSI0, SCEDON
TI PANTWN MELWN KALLISTON, 'ATECNW$, "OPER 'AUTO$ LEGEI0,
<P 534E>
"EURHMA9 TI9 MOISAN9. 'EN TOUTWI GAR-DH MALISTA MOI DOKEI0
"O QEO$ 'ENDEIXASQAI "HMIN, "INA MH DISTAZWMEN, "OTI4 'OUK 'ANQRWPINA
'ESTIN TA KALA TAUTA POIHMATA 'OUDE 'ANQRWPWN, 'ALLA=
QEI*A KAI QEWN, "OI DE POIHTAI 'OUDEN 'ALL'-'H= "ERMHNH$ 'EISIN
TWN QEWN, KATECOMENOI 'EX "OTOU 'AN4 "EKASTO$ KATECHTAI.
TAUTA 'ENDEIKNUMENO$ "O QEO$ 'EXEPITHDE$ DIA= TOU* FAULOTATOU


<P 535A>
POIHTOU TO KALLISTON MELO$ 'HISEN; 'H= 'OU DOKW0 SOI4 'ALHQH
LEGEIN, 'W* 'IWN:
IWN _ NAI MA TON DI=A, 'EMOIGE; "APTEI0 GAR PW$ MOU TOI$
LOGOI$ TH$ YUCH$, 'W* SWKRATE$, KAI MOI DOKOUSI0 QEIA\ MOIRA\
"HMIN PARA TWN QEWN TAUTA "OI 'AGAQOI POIHTAI "ERMHNEUEIN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "UMEI$ 'AU "OI "RAYWIDOI TA TWN POIHTWN
"ERMHNEUETE0:
IWN _ KAI TOUTO 'ALHQE$ LEGEI$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "ERMHNEWN "ERMHNH$ GIGNESQE0:
IWN _ PANTAPASI GE.
<P 535B>
SW _ 'ECE DH MOI TODE 'EIPE=, 'W* 'IWN, KAI MH 'APOKRUYHI4
"OTI2 'AN4 SE 'ERWMAI; "OTAN 'EU 'EIPHI$ 'EPH KAI 'EKPLHXHI$ MALISTA
TOU$ QEWMENOU$, 'H= TON 'ODUSSEA "OTAN 'EPI TON 'OUDON9 'EFALLOMENON
'A\DHI$, 'EKFANH GIGNOMENON TOI$ MNHSTHRSI KAI 'EKCEONTA
TOU$ 'OISTOU$ PRO TWN PODWN, 'H= 'ACILLEA 'EPI TON
"EKTORA "ORMWNTA, 'H=-KAI TWN PERI= 'ANDROMACHN 'ELEINWN TI 'H=
PERI= "EKABHN 'H= PERI= PRIAMON, TO=TE POTERON 'EMFRWN 'EI* 'H= 'EXW
<P 535C>
SAUTOU GIGNHI0 KAI PARA TOI$ PRAGMASIN 'OIETAI SOU4 'EINAI "H
YUCH "OI$ LEGEI$ 'ENQOUSIAZOUSA, 'H= 'EN 'IQAKHI 'OUSIN 'H= 'EN
TROIA\ 'H= "OPW$ 'AN4 KAI TA 'EPH 'ECHI5:
IWN _ "W$ 'ENARGE$ MOI TOUTO, 'W* SWKRATE$, TO TEKMHRION
'EIPE$; 'OU-GAR SE 'APOKRUYAMENO$ 'ERW2. 'EGW GAR "OTAN
'ELEINON TI LEGW3, DAKRUWN 'EMPIMPLANTAI MOU "OI 'OFQALMOI;
"OTAN TE FOBERON 'H= DEINON, 'ORQAI "AI TRICE$ "ISTANTAI "UPO
FOBOU KAI "H KARDIA PHDA*I0.
<P 535D>
SW _ TI= 'OUN: FWMEN, 'W* 'IWN 'EMFRONA 'EINAI TO=TE TOUTON
TON 'ANQRWPON, "O$ 'AN4 KEKOSMHMENO$ 'ESQHTI POIKILHI KAI
CRUSOISI STEFANOI$ KLAHI5 T' 'EN QUSIAI$ KAI "EORTAI$, MHDEN
'APOLWLEKW$ TOUTWN, 'H= FOBHTAI PLEON 'H= 'EN DISMURIOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$
"ESTHKW$ FILIOI$, MHDENO$ 'APODUONTO$ MHDE 'ADIKOUNTO$:
IWN _ 'OU MA TON DI=A, 'OU PANU, 'W* SWKRATE$, "W$ GE
'TALHQE$ 'EIRHSQAI.
SW _ 'OISQA 'OUN "OTI4 KAI TWN QEATWN TOU$ POLLOU$ 'TAUTA
TAUTA "UMEI$ 'ERGAZESQE0:
<P 535E>
IWN _ KAI MALA KALW$ 'OIDA; KAQORW0 GAR "EKASTOTE
'AUTOU$ 'ANWQEN 'APO TOU* BHMATO$ KLAONTA$ TE-KAI DEINON
'EMBLEPONTA$ KAI SUNQAMBOUNTA$ TOI$ LEGOMENOI$. DEI GAR
ME KAI SFODR' 'AUTOI$ TON NOUN PROSECEIN; "W$ 'EA=N MEN
KLAONTA$ 'AUTOU$ KAQISW4, 'AUTO$ GELASOMAI 'ARGURION LAMBANWN,
'EA=N DE GELWNTA$, 'AUTO$ KLAUSOMAI 'ARGURION 'APOLLU$.
SW _ 'OISQA 'OUN "OTI4 "OUTO$ 'ESTIN "O QEATH$ TWN DAKTULIWN
"O 'ESCATO$, "WN 'EGW 'ELEGON "UPO TH$ "HRAKLEIWTIDO$ LIQOU
'AP' 'ALLHLWN THN DUNAMIN LAMBANEIN: "O DE MESO$ SU "O


<P 536A>
"RAYWIDO$ KAI "UPOKRITH$, "O DE PRWTO$ 'AUTO$ "O POIHTH$; "O DE
QEO$ DIA= PANTWN TOUTWN "ELKEI0 THN YUCHN "OPOI 'AN4 BOULHTAI
TWN 'ANQRWPWN, 'ANAKREMANNU$ 'EX 'ALLHLWN THN DUNAMIN.
KAI "WSPER 'EK TH$ LIQOU 'EKEINH$ "ORMAQO$ PAMPOLU$ 'EXHRTHTAI
COREUTWN TE-KAI DIDASKALWN KAI "UPODIDASKALWN, 'EK
PLAGIOU 'EXHRTHMENWN TWN TH$ MOUSH$ 'EKKREMAMENWN DAKTULIWN.
KAI "O MEN TWN POIHTWN 'EX 'ALLH$ MOUSH$, "O DE
'EX 'ALLH$ 'EXHRTHTAI % 'ONOMAZOMEN DE 'AUTO KATECETAI, TO DE
<P 536B>
'ESTI PARAPLHSION; 'ECETAI GAR % 'EK DE TOUTWN TWN PRWTWN
DAKTULIWN, TWN POIHTWN, 'ALLOI 'EX 'ALLOU 'AU 'HRTHMENOI 'EISI
KAI 'ENQOUSIAZOUSIN0, "OI MEN 'EX 'ORFEW$, "OI DE 'EK MOUSAIOU;
"OI DE POLLOI 'EX "OMHROU KATECONTAI TE-KAI 'ECONTAI. "WN
SU, 'W* 'IWN, "EI$ 'EI* KAI KATECHI0 'EX "OMHROU, KAI 'EPEIDAN MEN
TI$ 'ALLOU TOU POIHTOU 'A\DHI5, KAQEUDEI$ TE-KAI 'APOREI$ "OTI2
LEGHI$, 'EPEIDAN DE TOUTOU TOU* POIHTOU FQEGXHTAI TI$ MELO$,
'EUQU$ 'EGRHGORA$ KAI 'ORCEITAI SOU4 "H YUCH KAI 'EUPOREI$ "OTI2
<P 536C>
LEGHI$; 'OU-GAR TECNHI 'OUD' 'EPISTHMHI PERI= "OMHROU LEGEI$
"A LEGEI$, 'ALLA= QEIA\ MOIRA\ KAI KATOKWCHI, "WSPER "OI KORUBANTIWNTE$
'EKEINOU MONOU 'AISQANONTAI TOU* MELOU$ 'OXEW$
"O= 'AN4 'HI TOU* QEOU 'EX "OTOU 'AN4 KATECWNTAI, KAI 'EI$ 'EKEINO TO
MELO$ KAI SCHMATWN KAI "RHMATWN 'EUPOROUSI0, TWN DE 'ALLWN
'OU FRONTIZOUSIN0; "OUTW KAI SU, 'W* 'IWN, PERI= MEN "OMHROU
"OTAN TI$ MNHSQHI, 'EUPOREI$, PERI= DE TWN 'ALLWN 'APOREI$;
<P 536D>
TOUTOU D' 'ESTI TO 'AITION, "O= M' 'ERWTA*I$0, DI' "OTI2 SU PERI= MEN
"OMHROU 'EUPOREI$, PERI= DE TWN 'ALLWN 'OU=, "OTI4 'OU TECNHI 'ALLA=
QEIA\ MOIRA\ "OMHROU DEINO$ 'EI* 'EPAINETH$.
IWN _ SU MEN 'EU LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$; QAUMAZOIMI 'MENTAN
'EI "OUTW$ 'EU 'EIPOI$, "WSTE ME 'ANAPEISAI0 "W$ 'EGW KATECOMENO$
KAI MAINOMENO$ "OMHRON 'EPAINW0. 'OIMAI DE-'OUD' 'AN4 SOI4
DOXAIMI, 'EI MOU 'AKOUSAI$ LEGONTO$ PERI= "OMHROU.
SW _ KAI-MHN 'EQELW0 GE 'AKOUSAI0, 'OU-MENTOI PROTERON
<P 536E>
PRIN 'AN4 MOI 'APOKRINHI3 TODE; "WN "OMHRO$ LEGEI0 PERI= TI=NO$
'EU LEGEI$: 'OU-GAR-DHPOU PERI= "APANTWN GE.
IWN _ 'EU 'ISQI, 'W* SWKRATE$, PERI= 'OUDENO$ "OTOU 'OU=.
SW _ 'OU-DHPOU-KAI PERI= TOUTWN "WN SU MEN TUGCANEI$
'OUK 'EIDW$, "OMHRO$ DE LEGEI0.
IWN _ KAI TAUTA POI*A 'ESTIN "A "OMHRO$ MEN LEGEI0, 'EGW
DE 'OUK 'OIDA:


<P 537A>
SW _ 'OU-KAI PERI= TECNWN MENTOI LEGEI0 POLLACOU "OMHRO$
KAI POLLA: "OION KAI PERI= "HNIOCEIA$ % 'EA=N MNHSQW TA 'EPH,
'EGW SOI4 FRASW2.
IWN _ 'ALL' 'EGW 'ERW2; 'EGW GAR MEMNHMAI.
SW _ 'EIPE= DH MOI "A LEGEI0 NESTWR 'ANTILOCWI TW*I "UEI,
PARAINWN 'EULABHQHNAI PERI= THN KAMPHN 'EN THI "IPPODROMIA\
THI 'EPI PATROKLWI.
IWN _ KLINQHNAI9 DE9, FHSI, KAI 'AUTO$9 'EUXESTWI1 'ENI9 DIFRWI9
<P 537B>
'HK'9 'EP'9 'ARISTERA9 TOIIN9; 'ATAR9 TON9 DEXION9 "IPPON9
KENSAI90 "OMOKLHSA$9, 'EIXAI90 TE9 "OI92 "HNIA9 CERSIN9.
'EN9 NUSSHI9 DE9 TOI92 "IPPO$9 'ARISTERO$9 'EGCRIMFQHTW9,
"W$9 'AN94 TOI92 PLHMNH9 GE9 DOASSETAI9 'AKRON9 "IKESQAI9
KUKLOU9 POIHTOIO9; LIQOU9 D'9 'ALEASQAI9 'EPAUREIN9.
<P 537C>
SW _ 'ARKEI0. TAUTA DH, 'W* 'IWN, TA 'EPH 'EITE 'ORQW$ LEGEI0
"OMHRO$ 'EITE MH, POTERO$ 'AN4 GNOIH 'AMEINON, 'IATRO$ 'H= "HNIOCO$:
IWN _ "HNIOCO$ DHPOU. SW _ POTERON "OTI4 TECNHN
TAUTHN 'ECEI0 'H= KAT' 'ALLO TI: IWN _ 'OU=K, 'ALL' "OTI4 TECNHN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "EKASTHI TWN TECNWN 'APODEDOTAI TI "UPO TOU*
QEOU 'ERGON "OIA\-TE-'EINAI GIGNWSKEIN: 'OU-GAR-POU "A KUBERNHTIKHI
GIGNWSKOMEN, GNWSOMEQA KAI 'IATRIKHI. IWN _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ 'OUDE-GE "A 'IATRIKHI, TAUTA KAI TEKTONIKHI. IWN _
<P 537D>
'OU-DHTA. SW _ 'OUKOU*N "OUTW KAI KATA PASWN TWN TECNWN,
"A THI "ETERA\ TECNHI GIGNWSKOMEN, 'OU GNWSOMEQA THI "ETERA\:
TODE DE MOI PROTERON TOUTOU 'APOKRINAI2; THN MEN "ETERAN FH=I$
'EINAI TINA TECNHN, THN D' "ETERAN: IWN _ NAI. SW _ 'A*RA
"WSPER 'EGW TEKMAIROMENO$, "OTAN "H MEN "ETERWN PRAGMATWN 'HI
'EPISTHMH, "H D' "ETERWN, "OUTW KALW0 THN MEN 'ALLHN, THN DE 'ALLHN
<P 537E>
TECNHN, "OUTW KAI SU: IWN _ NAI. SW _ 'EI GAR-POU TWN
'AUTWN PRAGMATWN 'EPISTHMH 'EIH TI$, TI= 'AN4 THN MEN "ETERAN
FAIMEN 'EINAI, THN D' "ETERAN, "OPOTE GE 'TAUTA 'EIH20 'EIDENAI 'AP'
'AMFOTERWN: "WSPER 'EGW TE GIGNWSKW0 "OTI4 PENTE 'EISIN "OUTOI
"OI DAKTULOI, KAI SU, "WSPER 'EGW, PERI= TOUTWN 'TAUTA GIGNWSKEI$;
KAI 'EI SE 'EGW 'EROIMHN 'EI THI 'AUTHI TECNHI GIGNWSKOMEN
THI 'ARIQMHTIKHI TA 'AUTA 'EGW TE-KAI SU 'H= 'ALLHI, FAIH$ 'AN4
DHPOU THI 'AUTHI. IWN _ NAI.


<P 538A>
SW _ "O= TOINUN 'ARTI 'EMELLON 'ERHSESQAI SE, NUNI 'EIPE=, 'EI
KATA PASWN TWN TECNWN "OUTW SOI4 DOKEI0, THI MEN 'AUTHI TECNHI
TA 'AUTA 'ANAGKAION 'EINAI GIGNWSKEIN, THI D' "ETERA\ MH TA 'AUTA,
'ALL' 'EIPER 'ALLH 'ESTIN, 'ANAGKAION KAI "E=TERA GIGNWSKEIN.
IWN _ "OUTW MOI DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$. SW _ 'OUKOU*N "OSTI$ 'AN4
MH 'ECHI5 TINA TECNHN, TAUTH$ TH$ TECNH$ TA LEGOMENA 'H=
PRATTOMENA KALW$ GIGNWSKEIN 'OUC "OIO$-T'-'ESTAI: IWN _
<P 538B>
'ALHQH LEGEI$. SW _ POTERON 'OUN PERI= TWN 'EPWN "WN 'EIPE$,
'EITE KALW$ LEGEI0 "OMHRO$ 'EITE MH, SU KALLION GNWSHI 'H=
"HNIOCO$: IWN _ "HNIOCO$. SW _ "RAYWIDO$ GAR-POU 'EI* 'ALL'
'OUC "HNIOCO$. IWN _ NAI. SW _ "H DE "RAYWIDIKH TECNH
"ETE=RA 'ESTI TH$ "HNIOCIKH$: IWN _ NAI. SW _ 'EI 'A=RA "ETE=RA,
PERI= "ETERWN KAI 'EPISTHMH PRAGMATWN 'ESTIN. IWN _ NAI.
SW _ TI= DE-DH "OTAN "OMHRO$ LEGHI5 "W$ TETRWMENWI TW*I
MACAONI "EKAMHDH "H NESTORO$ PALLAKH KUKEWNA PINEIN
<P 538C>
DIDWSI: KAI LEGEI0 PW$ "OUTW$ %
'OINWI9 PRAMNEIWI9, FHSIN, 'EPI9 D'9 'AIGEION9 KNH9 TURON9
KNHSTI9 CALKEIHI9; PARA1 DE9 KROMUON9 POTWI9 'OYON9;
TAUTA 'EITE 'ORQW$ LEGEI0 "OMHRO$ 'EITE MH, POTERON 'IATRIKH$
'ESTI DIAGNWNAI0 KALW$ 'H= "RAYWIDIKH$:
IWN _ 'IATRIKH$.
SW _ TI= DE, "OTAN LEGHI5 "OMHRO$
<P 538D>
"H9 DE9 MOLUBDAINHI9 'IKELH9 'E$9 BUSSON9 "IKANEN1,
"H9 TE9 KAT'9 'AGRAULOIO9 BOO$9 KERA$9 'EMMEMAUIA1
'ERCETAI9 'WMHSTHISI9 MET'1 'ICQUSI9 PHMA1 FEROUSA9;
TAUTA POTERON FWMEN "ALIEUTIKH$ 'EINAI TECNH$ MALLON KRINAI0
'H= "RAYWIDIKH$, "ATTA LEGEI0 KAI 'EITE KALW$ 'EITE MH:
IWN _ DHLON DH, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OTI4 "ALIEUTIKH$.
SW _ SKEYAI DH, SOU4 'EROMENOU, 'EI 'EROIO ME; 'EPEIDH
<P 538E>
TOINUN, 'W* SWKRATE$, TOUTWN TWN TECNWN 'EN "OMHRWI "EURISKEI$
"A PROSHKEI0 "EKASTHI DIAKRINEIN0, 'IQI MOI 'EXEURE KAI TA TOU*
MANTEW$ TE-KAI MANTIKH$, POI*A 'ESTIN "A PROSHKEI0 'AUTWI "OIWI-T'-'EINAI
DIAGIGNWSKEIN, 'EITE 'EU 'EITE KAKW$ PEPOIHTAI %
SKEYAI "W$ "RA\DIW$ TE-KAI 'ALHQH 'EGW SOI4 'APOKRINOUMAI.
POLLACOU MEN-GAR-KAI 'EN 'ODUSSEIA\ LEGEI0, "OION KAI "A "O
TWN MELAMPODIDWN LEGEI0 MANTI$ PRO$ TOU$ MNHSTHRA$,
QEOKLUMENO$


<P 539A>
DAIMONIOI1, TI=9 KAKON9 TODE9 PASCETE90: NUKTI9 MEN9 "UMEWN9
'EILUATAI9 KEFALAI9 TE9 PROSWPA9 TE9 NERQE9 TE9 GUIA1,
'OIMWGH9 DE9 DEDHE90, DEDAKRUNTAI9 DE9 PAREIAI9;
'EIDWLWN9 TE PLEON9 PROQURON9, PLEIH9 DE9-KAI9 'AULH9
"IEMENWN9 'EREBOSDE9 "UPO9 ZOFON9; 'HELIO$9 DE9
<P 539B>
'OURANOU9 'EXAPOLWLE90, KAKH9 D'9 'EPIDEDROMEN90 'ACLU$9;
POLLACOU DE-KAI 'EN 'ILIADI, "OION KAI 'EPI TEICOMACIA\; LEGEI0
GAR-KAI 'ENTAUQA %
'ORNI$9 GAR9 SFIN9 'EPHLQE9 PERHSEMENAI9 MEMAWSIN9,
'AIETO$9 "UYIPETH$9, 'EP'9 'ARISTERA9 LAON9 'EERGWN9,
<P 539C>
FOINHENTA9 DRAKONTA9 FERWN9 'ONUCESSI9 PELWRON9,
ZWION9, 'ET'9 'ASPAIRONTA9; KAI9 'OUPW9 LHQETO9 CARMH$9.
KOYE9 GAR9 'AUTON9 'ECONTA9 KATA9 STHQO$9 PARA9 DEIRHN9
'IDNWQEI$9 'OPISW9, "O9 D'9 'APO9 "EQEN9 "HKE9 CAMAZE9
'ALGHSA$9 'ODUNHISI9, MESWI9 D'9 'ENI9 KABBAL'9 "OMILWI9;
<P 539D>
'AUTO$9 DE9 KLAGXA$9 PETETO9 PNOIHI$9 'ANEMOIO9.
TAUTA FHSW2 KAI TA TOIAUTA TW*I MANTEI PROSHKEIN KAI SKOPEIN
KAI KRINEIN0.
IWN _ 'ALHQH GE SU LEGWN, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ KAI SU GE, 'W* 'IWN, 'ALHQH TAUTA LEGEI$. 'IQI DH-KAI
SU 'EMOI4, "WSPER 'EGW SOI4 'EXELEXA KAI 'EX 'ODUSSEIA$ KAI 'EX
'ILIADO$ "OPOI*A TOU* MANTEW$ 'ESTI KAI "OPOI*A TOU* 'IATROU KAI
<P 539E>
"OPOI*A TOU* "ALIEW$, "OUTW KAI SU 'EMOI4 'EKLEXON2, 'EPEIDH KAI
'EMPEIROTERO$ 'EI* 'EMOU4 TWN "OMHROU, "OPOI*A TOU* "RAYWIDOU 'ESTIN,
'W* 'IWN, KAI TH$ TECNH$ TH$ "RAYWIDIKH$, "A TW*I "RAYWIDWI PROSHKEI0
KAI SKOPEISQAI KAI DIAKRINEIN0 PARA TOU$ 'ALLOU$
'ANQRWPOU$.
IWN _ 'EGW MEN FHMI, 'W* SWKRATE$, "APANTA.
SW _ 'OU SU GE FH=I$, 'W* 'IWN, "APANTA; 'H= "OUTW$ 'EPILHSMWN
'EI*: KAITOI 'OUK 'AN4 PREPOI GE 'EPILHSMONA 'EINAI "RAYWIDON
'ANDRA.


<P 540A>
IWN _ TI= DE-DH 'EPILANQANOMAI:
SW _ 'OU MEMNHSAI "OTI4 'EFHSQA THN "RAYWIDIKHN TECNHN
"ETERAN 'EINAI TH$ "HNIOCIKH$: IWN _ MEMNHMAI. SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI
"ETERAN 'OUSAN "E=TERA GNWSESQAI "WMOLOGEI$: IWN _
NAI. SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA PANTA GE GNWSETAI "H "RAYWIDIKH KATA
TON SON LOGON 'OUDE "O "RAYWIDO$. IWN _ PLHN GE 'ISW$ TA
TOIAUTA, 'W* SWKRATE$.
<P 540B>
SW _ TA TOIAUTA DE LEGEI$ PLHN TA TWN 'ALLWN TECNWN
SCEDON TI; 'ALLA= POI*A DH GNWSETAI, 'EPEIDH 'OUC "APANTA:
IWN _ "A PREPEI0, 'OIMAI 'EGWGE, 'ANDRI 'EIPEIN KAI "OPOI*A
GUNAIKI, KAI "OPOI*A DOULWI KAI "OPOI*A 'ELEUQERWI, KAI "OPOI*A
'ARCOMENWI KAI "OPOI*A 'ARCONTI.
SW _ 'A*RA "OPOI*A 'ARCONTI, LEGEI$, 'EN QALATTHI CEIMAZOMENOU
PLOIOU PREPEI0 'EIPEIN, "O "RAYWIDO$ GNWSETAI KALLION 'H= "O
KUBERNHTH$: IWN _ 'OU=K, 'ALLA= "O KUBERNHTH$ TOUTO GE.
<P 540C>
SW _ 'ALL' "OPOI*A 'ARCONTI KAMNONTO$ PREPEI0 'EIPEIN, "O
"RAYWIDO$ GNWSETAI KALLION 'H= "O 'IATRO$: IWN _ 'OUDE
TOUTO. SW _ 'ALL' "OI*A DOULWI PREPEI0, LEGEI$: IWN _
NAI. SW _ "OION BOUKOLWI LEGEI$ DOULWI "A PREPEI0 'EIPEIN
'AGRIAINOUSWN BOWN PARAMUQOUMENWI, "O "RAYWIDO$ GNWSETAI
'ALL' 'OUC "O BOUKOLO$: IWN _ 'OU-DHTA. SW _ 'ALL' "OI*A
GUNAIKI PREPONTA 'ESTIN 'EIPEIN TALASIOURGWI PERI= 'ERIWN
<P 540D>
'ERGASIA$: IWN _ 'OU=. SW _ 'ALL' "OI*A 'ANDRI PREPEI0 'EIPEIN
GNWSETAI STRATHGWI STRATIWTAI$ PARAINOUNTI: IWN _ NAI,
TA TOIAUTA GNWSETAI "O "RAYWIDO$.
SW _ TI= DE: "H "RAYWIDIKH TECNH STRATHGIKH 'ESTIN:
IWN _ GNOIHN GOUN 'AN4 'EGWGE "OI*A STRATHGON PREPEI0 'EIPEIN.
SW _ 'ISW$ GAR 'EI* KAI STRATHGIKO$, 'W* 'IWN. KAI-GAR 'EI
'ETUGCANE$ "IPPIKO$ 'WN "AMA KAI KIQARISTIKO$, 'EGNW$ 'AN4 "IPPOU$
<P 540E>
'EU KAI KAKW$ "IPPAZOMENOU$; 'ALL' 'EI S' 'EGW 'HROMHN; POTERA\
DH TECNHI, 'W* 'IWN GIGNWSKEI$ TOU$ 'EU "IPPAZOMENOU$ "IPPOU$:
"HI "IPPEU$ 'EI* 'H= "HI KIQARISTH$: TI= 'AN4 MOI 'APEKRINW: IWN _
"HI "IPPEU$, 'EGWG' 'AN4. SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EI KAI TOU$ 'EU KIQARIZONTA$
DIEGIGNWSKE$, "WMOLOGEI$ 'AN4, "HI KIQARISTH$ 'EI*, TAUTHI
DIAGIGNWSKEIN, 'ALL' 'OUC "HI "IPPEU$. IWN _ NAI. SW _
'EPEIDH DE TA STRATIWTIKA GIGNWSKEI$, POTERON "HI STRATHGIKO$
'EI* GIGNWSKEI$ 'H= "HI "RAYWIDO$ 'AGAQO$: IWN _ 'OUDEN
'EMOIGE DOKEI0 DIAFEREIN.


<P 541A>
SW _ PW*$: 'OUDEN LEGEI$ DIAFEREIN: MIAN LEGEI$ TECNHN
'EINAI THN "RAYWIDIKHN KAI THN STRATHGIKHN 'H= DUO: IWN _ MIA
'EMOIGE DOKEI0. SW _ "OSTI$ 'A=RA 'AGAQO$ "RAYWIDO$ 'ESTIN, "OUTO$
KAI 'AGAQO$ STRATHGO$ TUGCANEI0 'WN: IWN _ MALISTA, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI "OSTI$ 'AGAQO$ STRATHGO$ TUGCANEI0
'WN, 'AGAQO$ KAI "RAYWIDO$ 'ESTIN. IWN _ 'OUK 'AU MOI DOKEI0
TOUTO. SW _ 'ALL' 'EKEINO MHN DOKEI0 SOI4, "OSTI$ GE 'AGAQO$
<P 541B>
"RAYWIDO$, KAI STRATHGO$ 'AGAQO$ 'EINAI: IWN _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N SU TWN "ELLHNWN 'ARISTO$ "RAYWIDO$ 'EI*: IWN _
POLU GE, 'W* SWKRATE$. SW _ 'H*-KAI STRATHGO$, 'W* 'IWN, TWN
"ELLHNWN 'ARISTO$ 'EI*: IWN _ 'EU 'ISQI, 'W* SWKRATE$; KAI
TAUTA GE 'EK TWN "OMHROU MAQWN.
SW _ TI= DH POT' 'OUN PRO$ TWN QEWN, 'W* 'IWN, 'AMFO=TERA
'ARISTO$ 'WN TWN "ELLHNWN, KAI STRATHGO$ KAI "RAYWIDO$,
"RAYWIDEI$ MEN PERIIWN TOI$ "ELLHSI, STRATHGEI$ D' 'OU=: 'H=
<P 541C>
"RAYWIDOU MEN DOKEI0 SOI4 CRUSWI STEFANWI 'ESTEFANWMENOU
POLLH CREIA 'EINAI TOI$ "ELLHSI, STRATHGOU DE 'OUDEMIA:
IWN _ "H MEN-GAR "HMETE=RA, 'W* SWKRATE$, POLI$ 'ARCETAI
"UPO "UMWN KAI STRATHGEITAI KAI 'OUDEN DEITAI STRATHGOU, "H DE
"UMETE=RA KAI "H LAKEDAIMONIWN 'OUK 'AN4 ME "ELOITO STRATHGON;
'AUTOI GAR 'OIESQE "IKANOI 'EINAI.
SW _ 'W* BELTISTE 'IWN, 'APOLLODWRON 'OU GIGNWSKEI$ TON
KUZIKHNON:
IWN _ POI*ON TOUTON:
SW _ "ON 'AQHNAIOI POLLAKI$ "EAUTWN STRATHGON "HIRHNTAI
<P 541D>
XENON 'ONTA; KAI FANOSQENH TON 'ANDRION KAI "HRAKLEIDHN TON
KLAZOMENION, "OU$ "HDE "H POLI$ XENOU$ 'ONTA$, 'ENDEIXAMENOU$
"OTI4 'AXIOI LOGOU 'EISI, KAI 'EI$ STRATHGIA$ KAI 'EI$ TA$ 'ALLA$
'ARCA$ 'AGEI0; 'IWNA D'-'A=RA TON 'EFESION 'OUC "AIRHSETAI
STRATHGON KAI TIMHSEI2, 'EA=N DOKHI5 'AXIO$ LOGOU 'EINAI: TI= DE:
'OUK 'AQHNAIOI MEN 'ESTE0 "OI 'EFESIOI TO 'ARCAION, KAI "H 'EFESO$
<P 541E>
'OUDEMIA$ 'ELATTWN POLEW$: 'ALLA=-GAR SU, 'W* 'IWN, 'EI MEN 'ALHQH
LEGEI$ "W$ TECNHI KAI 'EPISTHMHI "OIO$-TE-'EI* "OMHRON 'EPAINEIN,
'ADIKEI$, "OSTI$ 'EMOI4 "UPOSCOMENO$ "W$ POLLA KAI KALA PERI=
"OMHROU 'EPISTASAI KAI FASKWN 'EPIDEIXEIN, 'EXAPATA*I$0 ME KAI
POLLOU DEI$ 'EPIDEIXAI0, "O$ GE-'OUDE "ATTA 'ESTI TAUTA PERI=
"WN DEINO$ 'EI* 'EQELEI$ 'EIPEIN, PALAI 'EMOU4 LIPAROUNTO$, 'ALLA=
'ATECNW$ "WSPER "O PRWTEU$ PANTODAPO$ GIGNHI0 STREFOMENO$
'ANW KAI KATW, "EW$ TELEUTWN DIAFUGWN ME STRATHGO$ 'ANEFANH$,


<P 542A>
"INA MH 'EPIDEIXHI$ "W$ DEINO$ 'EI* THN PERI= "OMHROU SOFIAN.
'EI MEN-'OUN TECNIKO$ 'WN, "OPER NUNDH 'ELEGON, PERI= "OMHROU
"UPOSCOMENO$ 'EPIDEIXEIN 'EXAPATA*I$0 ME, 'ADIKO$ 'EI*; 'EI DE MH
TECNIKO$ 'EI*, 'ALLA= QEIA\ MOIRA\ KATECOMENO$ 'EX "OMHROU MHDEN
'EIDW$ POLLA KAI KALA LEGEI$ PERI= TOU* POIHTOU, "WSPER 'EGW
'EIPON PERI= SOU4, 'OUDEN 'ADIKEI$. "ELOU 'OUN PO=TERA BOULEI
NOMIZESQAI "UPO "HMWN 'ADIKO$ 'ANHR 'EINAI 'H= QEIO$.
<P 542B>
IWN _ POLU DIAFEREI0, 'W* SWKRATE$; POLU GAR KALLION TO
QEION NOMIZESQAI.
SW _ TOUTO TOINUN TO KALLION "UPARCEI0 SOI4 PAR' "HMIN, 'W*
'IWN, QEION 'EINAI KAI MH TECNIKON PERI= "OMHROU 'EPAINETHN.


<B LAC>


<P 178A>
LU ^ TEQEASQE0 MEN TON 'ANDRA MACOMENON 'EN "OPLOI$, 'W*
NIKIA TE-KAI LACH$; "OU D' "ENEKA "UMA$ 'EKELEUSAMEN SUNQEASASQAI
'EGW TE-KAI MELHSIA$ "ODE, TO=TE MEN 'OUK 'EIPOMEN, NU*N
D' 'EROUMEN2. "HGOUMEQA GAR CRHNAI0 PRO$ GE "UMA$ PARRHSIAZESQAI.
'EISI GAR TINE$ "OI= TWN TOIOUTWN KATAGELWSI0, KAI 'EA=N
<P 178B>
TI$ 'AUTOI$ SUMBOULEUSHTAI, 'OUK 'AN4 'EIPOIEN "A NOOUSIN0, 'ALLA=
STOCAZOMENOI TOU* SUMBOULEUOMENOU 'A=LLA LEGOUSI0 PARA THN
"AUTWN DOXAN; "UMA$ DE "HMEI$ "HGHSAMENOI KAI "IKANOU$ GNWNAI0
KAI GNONTA$ "APLW$ 'AN4 'EIPEIN "A DOKEI0 "UMIN, "OUTW PARELABOMEN
'EPI THN SUMBOULHN PERI= "WN MELLOMEN 'ANAKOINOUSQAI. 'ESTIN


<P 179A>
'OUN TOUTO, PERI= "OU PALAI TOSAUTA PROOIMIAZOMAI, TODE. "HMIN
'EISIN "UEI$ "OUTOII, "ODE MEN TOUDE, PAPPOU 'ECWN 'ONOMA QOUKUDIDH$,
'EMO$ DE 'AU "ODE % PAPPWION DE-KAI "OUTO$ 'ONOM' 'ECEI0
'TOUMOU PATRO$; 'ARISTEIDHN GAR 'AUTON KALOUMEN0 % "HMIN 'OUN
TOUTWN DEDOKTAI 'EPIMELHQHNAI "W$ "OION-TE MALISTA, KAI MH
POIHSAI0 "OPER "OI POLLOI, 'EPEIDH MEIRAKIA GEGONEN0, 'ANEINAI0
'AUTOU$ "OTI2 BOULONTAI POIEIN, 'ALLA= NU*N DH-KAI 'ARCESQAI
'AUTWN 'EPIMELEISQAI KAQ' "OSON "OIOI-T'-'ESMEN. 'EIDOTE$ 'OUN-KAI
<P 179B>
"UMIN "UEI$ 'ONTA$ "HGHSAMEQA MEMELHKENAI PERI= 'AUTWN, 'EIPER
TISIN 'ALLOI$, PW*$ 'AN4 QERAPEUQENTE$ GENOINTO 'ARISTOI; 'EI D'-'A=RA
POLLAKI$ MH PROSESCHKATE TON NOUN TW*I TOIOUTWI, "UPOMNHSONTE$
"OTI4 'OU CRH 'AUTOU4 'AMELEIN, KAI PARAKALOUNTE$2 "UMA$
'EPI TO 'EPIMELEIAN TINA POIHSASQAI TWN "UEWN KOINHI MEQ'
"HMWN. "OQEN DE "HMIN TAUT' 'EDOXEN, 'W* NIKIA TE-KAI LACH$,
CRH 'AKOUSAI0, 'KAN2 'HI 'OLIGWI MAKRO=TERA. SUSSITOUMEN GAR-DH
'EGW TE-KAI MELHSIA$ "ODE, KAI "HMIN TA MEIRAKIA PARASITEI0.
<P 179C>
"OPER 'OUN-KAI 'ARCOMENO$ 'EIPON TOU* LOGOU, PARRHSIASOMEQA
PRO$ "UMA$. "HMWN GAR "EKATERO$ PERI= TOU* "EAUTOU
PATRO$ POLLA KAI KALA 'ERGA 'ECEI0 LEGEIN PRO$ TOU$ NEANISKOU$,
KAI "OSA 'EN POLEMWI 'HRGASANTO KAI "OSA 'EN 'EIRHNHI DIOIKOUNTE$
TA TE TWN SUMMACWN KAI TA THSDE TH$ POLEW$; "HME=TERA D'
'AUTWN 'ERGA 'OUDETERO$ 'ECEI0 LEGEIN. TAUTA DH "UPAISCUNOMEQA
TE TOUSDE KAI 'AITIWMEQA0 TOU$ PATERA$ "HMWN "OTI4 "HMA$ MEN
<P 179D>
'EIWN TRUFAN, 'EPEIDH MEIRAKIA 'EGENOMEQA, TA DE TWN 'ALLWN
PRAGMATA 'EPRATTON; KAI TOISDE TOI$ NEANISKOI$ 'AUTA TAUTA
'ENDEIKNUMEQA, LEGONTE$ "OTI4 'EI MEN 'AMELHSOUSIN2 "EAUTWN KAI
MH PEISONTAI "HMIN, 'AKLEEI$ GENHSONTAI, 'EI D' 'EPIMELHSONTAI,
TAC' 'AN4 TWN 'ONOMATWN 'AXIOI GENOINTO "A 'ECOUSIN0. "OUTOI MEN-'OUN
FASIN0 PEISESQAI; "HMEI$ DE-DH TOUTO SKOPOUMEN, TI=
'AN4 "OUTOI MAQONTE$ 'H= 'EPITHDEUSANTE$ "OTI2 'ARISTOI GENOINTO.
<P 179E>
'EISHGHSATO 'OUN TI$ "HMIN KAI TOUTO TO MAQHMA, "OTI4 KALON 'EIH
TW*I NEWI MAQEIN 'EN "OPLOI$ MACESQAI; KAI 'EPHINEI TOUTON "ON
NU*N "UMEI$ 'EQEASASQE 'EPIDEIKNUMENON, 'KA*IT' 'EKELEUE QEASASQAI.
'EDOXE DH CRHNAI0 'AUTOU$ TE 'ELQEIN 'EPI QEAN 'TANDRO$ KAI "UMA$
SUMPARALABEIN "AMA MEN SUNQEATA$, "AMA DE SUMBOULOU$ TE-KAI
KOINWNOU$, 'EA=N BOULHSQE, PERI= TH$ TWN "UEWN 'EPIMELEIA$.


<P 180A>
TAUT' 'ESTIN "A 'EBOULOMEQA "UMIN 'ANAKOINWSASQAI. 'HDH 'OUN
"UMETERON MERO$ SUMBOULEUEIN KAI PERI= TOUTOU TOU* MAQHMATO$,
'EITE DOKEI0 CRHNAI0 MANQANEIN 'EITE MH, KAI PERI= TWN 'ALLWN, 'EI
TI 'ECETE0 'EPAINESAI0 MAQHMA NEWI 'ANDRI 'H= 'EPITHDEUMA, KAI PERI=
TH$ KOINWNIA$ LEGEIN "OPOION TI POIHSETE.
NI ^ 'EGW MEN, 'W* LUSIMACE KAI MELHSIA, 'EPAINW0 TE "UMWN
THN DIANOIAN KAI KOINWNEIN "ETOIMO$, 'OIMAI DE-KAI LACHTA
TONDE.
<P 180B>
LA ^ 'ALHQH GAR 'OIEI, 'W* NIKIA. "W$ "O= GE 'ELEGEN "O LUSIMACO$
'ARTI PERI= TOU* PATRO$ TOU* "AUTOU TE-KAI TOU* MELHSIOU,
PANU MOI DOKEI0 'EU 'EIRHSQAI KAI 'EI$ 'EKEINOU$ KAI 'EI$ "HMA$ KAI
'EI$ "APANTA$ "OSOI TA TWN POLEWN PRATTOUSIN0, "OTI4 'AUTOI$
SCEDON TI TAUTA SUMBAINEI0 "A "OUTO$ LEGEI0 KAI PERI= PAIDA$
KAI PERI= 'TALLA, TA 'I=DIA 'OLIGWREISQAI TE-KAI 'AMELW$ DIATIQESQAI.
TAUTA MEN-'OUN KALW$ LEGEI$, 'W* LUSIMACE; "OTI4 D'
"HMA$ MEN SUMBOULOU$ PARAKALEI$0 'EPI THN TWN NEANISKWN
<P 180C>
PAIDEIAN, SWKRATH DE TONDE 'OU PARAKALEI$0, QAUMAZW0, PRWTON
MEN 'ONTA DHMOTHN, 'EPEITA 'ENTAUQA 'AEI TA$ DIATRIBA$ POIOUMENON
"OPOU TI 'ESTI TWN TOIOUTWN "WN SU ZHTEI$ PERI= TOU$
NEOU$ 'H= MAQHMA 'H= 'EPITHDEUMA KALON.
LU ^ PW*$ LEGEI$, 'W* LACH$: SWKRATH$ GAR "ODE TINO$ TWN
TOIOUTWN 'EPIMELEIAN PEPOIHTAI:
LA ^ PANU MEN-'OUN, 'W* LUSIMACE.
NI ^ TOUTO MEN SOI4 KAN4 'EGW 'ECOIMI 'EIPEIN 'OU CEIRON
LACHTO$; KAI-GAR 'AUTWI MOI 'ENAGCO$ 'ANDRA PROUXENHSE TW*I
<P 180D>
"UEI DIDASKALON MOUSIKH$, 'AGAQOKLEOU$ MAQHTHN DAMWNA,
'ANDRWN CARIESTATON 'OU MONON THN MOUSIKHN, 'ALLA=-KAI 'TALLA
"OPOSOU BOULEI 'AXION SUNDIATRIBEIN THLIKOUTOI$ NEANISKOI$.
LU ^ 'OUTOI, 'W* SWKRATE$ TE-KAI NIKIA KAI LACH$, "OI
"HLIKOI 'EGW 'ETI GIGNWSKOMEN TOU$ NEWTEROU$, "ATE KAT' 'OIKIAN
TA POLLA DIATRIBONTE$ "UPO TH$ "HLIKIA$; 'ALL' 'EI TI KAI SU,
'W* PAI SWFRONISKOU, 'ECEI$ TWIDE TW*I SAUTOU DHMOTHI 'AGAQON
<P 180E>
SUMBOULEUSAI0, CRH SUMBOULEUEIN. DIKAIO$ D' 'EI*; KAI-GAR
PATRIKO$ "HMIN FILO$ TUGCANEI$ 'WN; 'AEI GAR 'EGW KAI "O
SO$ PATHR "ETAIRW TE-KAI FILW 'HMEN, KAI PROTERON 'EKEINO$
'ETELEUTHSE, PRIN TI 'EMOI4 DIENECQHNAI. PERIFEREI0 DE TI$ ME
KAI MNHMH 'ARTI TWNDE LEGONTWN0; TA GAR MEIRAKIA TADE PRO$
'ALLHLOU$ 'OIKOI DIALEGOMENOI QAMA 'EPIMEMNHNTAI SWKRATOU$
KAI SFODRA 'EPAINOUSIN0; 'OU-MENTOI PWPOTE 'AUTOU$ 'ANHRWTHSA


<P 181A>
'EI TON SWFRONISKOU LEGOIEN. 'ALL', 'W* PAIDE$, LEGETE3 MOI,
"OD' 'ESTI SWKRATH$, PERI= "OU "EKASTOTE 'EMEMNHSQE:
PAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN, 'W* PATER, "OUTO$.
LU ^ 'EU GE NH THN "HRAN, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OTI4 'ORQOI$0 TON
PATERA, 'ARISTON 'ANDRWN 'ONTA, KAI 'ALLW$ KAI-DH-KAI "OTI4
'OIKEI*A TA TE SA "HMIN "UPARXEI2 KAI SOI4 TA "HME=TERA.
LA ^ KAI-MHN, 'W* LUSIMACE, MH 'AFIESO GE 'TANDRO$; "W$
'EGW KAI 'ALLOQI GE 'AUTON 'EQEASAMHN 'OU MONON TON PATERA
<P 181B>
'ALLA-KAI THN PATRIDA 'ORQOUNTA; 'EN GAR THI 'APO DHLIOU
FUGHI MET' 'EMOU4 SUNANECWREI, 'KAGW SOI4 LEGW0 "OTI4 'EI "OI 'ALLOI
'HQELON TOIOUTOI 'EINAI, 'ORQH 'AN4 "HMWN "H POLI$ 'H*N KAI 'OUK 'AN4
'EPESE TO=TE TOIOUTON PTWMA.
LU ^ 'W* SWKRATE$, "OUTO$ MENTOI "O 'EPAINO$ 'ESTIN KALO$, "ON
SU NU*N 'EPAINHI0 "UP' 'ANDRWN 'AXIWN PISTEUESQAI KAI 'EI$ TAUTA
'EI$ "A "OUTOI 'EPAINOUSIN0. 'EU 'OUN 'ISQI "OTI4 'EGW TAUTA 'AKOUWN
CAIRW0 "OTI4 'EUDOKIMEI$, KAI SU DE "HGOU ME 'EN TOI$ 'EUNOUSTATON
<P 181C>
SOI4 'EINAI. CRHN MEN-'OUN-KAI PROTERON GE FOITAN 'AUTON PAR'
"HMA$ KAI 'OIKEIOU$ "HGEISQAI, "WSPER TO DIKAION; NU*N D'-'OUN
'APO THSDE TH$ "HMERA$, 'EPEIDH 'ANEGNWRISAMEN 'ALLHLOU$, MH
'ALLW$ POIEI5, 'ALLA= SUNISQI TE-KAI GNWRIZE KAI "HMA$ KAI
TOUSDE TOU$ NEWTEROU$, "OPW$ 'AN4 DIASWIZHTE KAI "UMEI$ THN
"HMETERAN FILIAN. TAUTA MEN-'OUN-KAI SU POIHSEI$ KAI "HMEI$
SE KAI 'AUQI$ "UPOMNHSOMEN; PERI= DE "WN 'HRXAMEQA TI= FATE0:
TI= DOKEI0: TO MAQHMA TOI$ MEIRAKIOI$ 'EPITHDEION 'EINAI 'H= 'OU=, TO
MAQEIN 'EN "OPLOI$ MACESQAI:
<P 181D>
SW ^ 'ALLA=-KAI TOUTWN PE=RI, 'W* LUSIMACE, 'EGWGE PEIRASOMAI
SUMBOULEUEIN 'AN2 TI DUNWMAI, KAI 'AU "A PROKALHI0 PANTA
POIEIN. DIKAIOTATON MENTOI MOI DOKEI0 'EINAI 'EME NEWTERON 'ONTA
TWNDE KAI 'APEIROTERON TOUTWN 'AKOUEIN PROTERON TI= LEGOUSIN0
KAI MANQANEIN PAR' 'AUTWN; 'EA=N D' 'ECW3 TI 'ALLO PARA TA "UPO
TOUTWN LEGOMENA, TO=T' 'HDH DIDASKEIN KAI PEIQEIN KAI SE KAI
TOUTOU$. 'ALL', 'W* NIKIA, TI= 'OU LEGEI0 POTERO$ "UMWN:
NI ^ 'ALL' 'OUDEN KWLUEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$. DOKEI0 GAR-KAI
<P 181E>
'EMOI4 TOUTO TO MAQHMA TOI$ NEOI$ 'WFELIMON 'EINAI 'EPISTASQAI
POLLACHI. KAI-GAR TO MH 'ALLOQI DIATRIBEIN, 'EN "OI$ DH
FILOUSIN0 "OI NEOI TA$ DIATRIBA$ POIEISQAI "OTAN SCOLHN
'AGWSIN, 'ALL' 'EN TOUTWI 'EU 'ECEI0, "OQEN KAI TO SWMA BELTION
'ISCEIN 'ANAGKH % 'OUDENO$ GAR TWN GUMNASIWN FAULOTERON 'OUD'


<P 182A>
'ELATTW PONON 'ECEI0 % KAI "AMA PROSHKEI0 MALIST' 'ELEUQERWI
TOUTO TE TO GUMNASION KAI "H "IPPIKH; "OU GAR 'AGWNO$ 'AQLHTAI
'ESMEN KAI 'EN "OI$ "HMIN "O 'AGWN PROKEITAI, MONOI "OUTOI GUMNAZONTAI
"OI 'EN TOUTOI$ TOI$ TON8 PERI= TON POLEMON 'ORGANOI$
GUMNAZOMENOI. 'EPEITA 'ONHSEI2 MEN TI TOUTO TO MAQHMA KAI
'EN THI MACHI 'AUTHI "OTAN 'EN TAXEI DEHI5 MACESQAI META POLLWN
'ALLWN; MEGISTON MENTOI 'AUTOU4 'OFELO$, "OTAN LUQWSIN "AI
TAZEI$ KAI 'HDH TI DEHI5 MONON PRO$ MONON 'H= DIWKONTA 'AMUNOMENWI
<P 182B>
TINI 'EPIQESQAI 'H=-KAI 'EN FUGHI 'EPITIQEMENOU 'ALLOU
'AMUNASQAI 'AUTON; 'OUT' 'AN4 "UPO GE "ENO$ "EI$ "O TOUT' 'EPISTAMENO$
'OUDEN 'AN4 PAQOI, 'ISW$ D'-'OUDE "UPO PLEIONWN, 'ALLA=
PANTACHI 'AN4 TAUTHI PLEONEKTOI. 'ETI DE-KAI 'EI$ 'ALLOU KALOU
MAQHMATO$ 'EPIQUMIAN PARAKALEI0 TO TOIOUTON; PA$ GAR 'AN4
MAQWN 'EN "OPLOI$ MACESQAI 'EPIQUMHSEIE KAI TOU* "EXH$ MAQHMATO$
TOU* PERI= TA$ TAXEI$, KAI TAUTA LABWN KAI FILOTIMHQEI$
<P 182C>
'EN 'AUTOI$ 'EPI PAN 'AN4 TO PERI= TA$ STRATHGIA$ "ORMHSEIE; KAI
'HDH DHLON "OTI4 TA TOUTWN 'ECOMENA KAI MAQHMATA PANTA
KAI 'EPITHDEUMATA KAI KALA KAI POLLOU 'A=XIA 'ANDRI MAQEIN
TE-KAI 'EPITHDEUSAI0, "WN KAQHGHSAIT' 'AN4 TOUTO TO MAQHMA.
PROSQHSOMEN D' 'AUTWI 'OU SMIKRAN PROSQHKHN, "OTI4 PANTA
'ANDRA 'EN POLEMWI KAI QARRALEWTERON KAI 'ANDREIOTERON 'AN4
POIHSEIEN 'AUTON "AUTOU 'OUK 'OLIGWI "AU=TH "H 'EPISTHMH. MH
'ATIMASWMEN DE 'EIPEIN, 'EI KAI TWI SMIKROTERON DOKEI0 'EINAI, "OTI4
KAI 'EUSCHMONESTERON 'ENTAUQA "OU CRH TON 'ANDRA 'EUSCHMONESTERON
<P 182D>
FAINESQAI, "OU "AMA KAI DEINOTERO$ TOI$ 'ECQROI$ FANEITAI
DIA= THN 'EUSCHMOSUNHN. 'EMOI4 MEN-'OUN, 'W* LUSIMACE, "WSPER
LEGW0, DOKEI0 TE CRHNAI0 DIDASKEIN TOU$ NEANISKOU$ TAUTA KAI
DI' "A DOKEI0 'EIRHKA; LACHTO$ D', 'EI TI PARA TAUTA LEGEI0, 'KAN4
'AUTO$ "HDEW$ 'AKOUSAIMI.
LA ^ 'ALL' 'ESTI MEN, 'W* NIKIA, CALEPON LEGEIN PERI=
"OTOUOUN MAQHMATO$ "W$ 'OU CRH MANQANEIN; PANTA GAR 'EPISTASQAI
'AGAQON DOKEI0 'EINAI. KAI-DH-KAI TO "OPLITIKON TOUTO,
<P 182E>
'EI MEN 'ESTIN MAQHMA, "OPER FASIN0 "OI DIDASKONTE$, KAI "OION
NIKIA$ LEGEI0, CRH 'AUTO MANQANEIN; 'EI D' 'ESTIN MEN MH MAQHMA,
'ALL' 'EXAPATWSIN0 "OI "UPISCNOUMENOI, 'H= MAQHMA MEN TUGCANEI0
'ON, MH-MENTOI PANU SPOUDAION, TI= KAI DEOI 'AN4 'AUTO MANQANEIN:
LEGW0 DE TAUTA PERI= 'AUTOU4 'EI$ TADE 'APOBLEYA$, "OTI4 'OIMAI
'EGW TOUTO, 'EI TI 'H*N, 'OUK 'AN4 LELHQENAI LAKEDAIMONIOU$, "OI$
'OUDEN 'ALLO MELEI0 'EN TW*I BIWI 'H= TOUTO ZHTEIN KAI 'EPITHDEUEIN,


<P 183A>
"OTI2 'AN4 MAQONTE$ KAI 'EPITHDEUSANTE$ PLEONEKTOIEN TWN 'ALLWN
PERI= TON POLEMON. 'EI D' 'EKEINOU$ LELHQEN0, 'ALL' 'OU TOUTOU$
GE TOU$ DIDASKALOU$ 'AUTOU4 LELHQEN0 'AUTO TOUTO, "OTI4 'EKEINOI
MALISTA TWN "ELLHNWN SPOUDAZOUSIN0 'EPI TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ KAI
"OTI4 PAR' 'EKEINOI$ 'AN4 TI$ TIMHQEI$ 'EI$ TAUTA KAI PARA TWN
'ALLWN PLEIST' 'AN4 'ERGAZOITO CRHMATA, "WSPER GE-KAI TRAGWIDIA$
POIHTH$ PAR' "HMIN TIMHQEI$. TOIGARTOI "O$ 'AN4 'OIHTAI
TRAGWIDIAN KALW$ POIEIN, 'OUK 'EXWQEN KUKLWI PERI= THN 'ATTIKHN
<P 183B>
KATA TA$ 'ALLA$ POLEI$ 'EPIDEIKNUMENO$ PERIERCETAI, 'ALL' 'EUQU$
DEURO FERETAI KAI TOISD' 'EPIDEIKNUSIN0 'EIKOTW$; TOU$ DE 'EN
"OPLOI$ MACOMENOU$ 'EGW TOUTOU$ "ORW0 THN MEN LAKEDAIMONA
"HGOUMENOU$ 'EINAI 'ABATON "IERON KAI-'OUDE 'AKRWI PODI 'EPIBAINONTA$,
KUKLWI DE PERIIONTA$ 'AUTHN KAI PASI MALLON
'EPIDEIKNUMENOU$, KAI MALISTA TOUTOI$ "OI= 'KAN4 'AUTOI "OMOLOGHSEIAN
POLLOU$ SFWN PROTEROU$ 'EINAI PRO$ TA TOU* POLEMOU.
<P 183C>
'EPEITA, 'W* LUSIMACE, 'OU PANU 'OLIGOI$ 'EGW TOUTWN PARAGEGONA
'EN 'AUTWI TW*I 'ERGWI, KAI "ORW0 "OIOI 'EISIN. 'EXESTI DE-KAI
'AUTOQEN "HMIN SKEYASQAI. "WSPER GAR 'EPITHDE$ 'OUDEI$ PWPOT'
'EUDOKIMO$ GEGONEN0 'EN TW*I POLEMWI 'ANHR TWN TA "OPLITIKA
'EPITHDEUSANTWN0. KAITOI 'EI$ GE 'TALLA PANTA 'EK TOUTWN "OI
'ONOMASTOI GIGNONTAI, 'EK TWN 'EPITHDEUSANTWN0 "EKASTA; "OUTOI
D', "W$ 'EOIKE0, PARA TOU$ 'ALLOU$ "OUTW SFODRA 'EI$ TOUTO
DEDUSTUCHKASIN. 'EPEI KAI TOUTON TON STHSILEWN, "ON "UMEI$
<P 183D>
MET' 'EMOU4 'EN TOSOUTWI 'OCLWI 'EQEASASQE 'EPIDEIKNUMENON KAI TA
MEGALA PERI= "AUTOU LEGONTA "A 'ELEGEN, "ETERWQI 'EGW KALLION
'EQEASAMHN 'EN THI 'ALHQEIA\ "W$ 'ALHQW$ 'EPIDEIKNUMENON 'OUC
"EKONTA. PROSBALOUSH$ GAR TH$ NEW$ 'EF' "H*I 'EPEBATEUEN
PRO$ "OLKADA TINA, 'EMACETO 'ECWN DORUDREPANON, DIAFERON DH
"OPLON "ATE KAI 'AUTO$ TWN 'ALLWN DIAFERWN. TA MEN-'OUN 'A=LLA
'OUK 'A=XIA LEGEIN PERI= 'TANDRO$, TO DE SOFISMA TO TOU* DREPANOU
<P 183E>
TOU* PRO$ THI LOGCHI "OION 'APEBH. MACOMENOU GAR 'AUTOU4
'ENESCETO POU 'EN TOI$ TH$ NEW$ SKEUESIN KAI 'ANTELABETO;
"EILKEN 'OUN "O STHSILEW$ BOULOMENO$ 'APOLUSAI0, KAI 'OUC "OIO$-T'-'H*N,
"H DE NAU$ THN NAUN PARHIEI. TEW$ MEN-'OUN PAREQEI
'EN THI NHI 'ANTECOMENO$ TOU* DORATO$; 'EPEI DE-DH PARHMEIBETO
"H NAU$ THN NAUN KAI 'EPESPA 'AUTON TOU* DORATO$ 'ECOMENON,


<P 184A>
'EFIEI0 TO DORU DIA= TH$ CEIRO$, "EW$ 'AKROU TOU* STURAKO$ 'ANTELABETO.
'H*N DE GELW$ KAI KROTO$ "UPO TWN 'EK TH$ "OLKADO$
'EPI TE TW*I SCHMATI 'AUTOU4, KAI 'EPEIDH BALONTO$ TINO$ LIQWI
PARA TOU$ PODA$ 'AUTOU4 'EPI TO KATASTRWMA 'AFIETAI TOU*
DORATO$, TO=T' 'HDH KAI "OI 'EK TH$ TRIHROU$ 'OUKETI "OIOI-T'-'HSAN
TON GELWTA KATECEIN, "ORWNTE$ 'AIWROUMENON 'EK TH$ "OLKADO$
TO DORUDREPANON 'EKEINO. 'ISW$ MEN-'OUN 'EIH 'AN4 TI TAUTA,
"WSPER NIKIA$ LEGEI0; "OI$ D'-'OUN 'EGW 'ENTETUCHKA, TOIAUT'
<P 184B>
'ATTA 'ESTIN. "O= 'OUN-KAI 'EX 'ARCH$ 'EIPON, 'EITE "OUTW SMIKRA$
'WFELIA$ 'ECEI0 MAQHMA 'ON, 'EITE MH 'ON FASI0 KAI PROSPOIOUNTAI
'AUTO 'EINAI MAQHMA, 'OUK 'AXION 'EPICEIREIN MANQANEIN. KAI-GAR-'OUN
MOI DOKEI0, 'EI MEN DEILO$ TI$ 'WN 'OIOITO 'AUTO 'EPISTASQAI,
QRASUTERO$ 'AN4 DI' 'AUTO GENOMENO$ 'EPIFANESTERO$ GENOITO
"OIO$ 'H*N, 'EI DE 'ANDREIO$, FULATTOMENO$ 'AN4 "UPO TWN 'ANQRWPWN,
'EI KAI SMIKRON 'EXAMARTOI, MEGALA$ 'AN4 DIABOLA$ 'ISCEIN;
<P 184C>
'EPIFQONO$ GAR "H PROSPOIHSI$ TH$ TOIAUTH$ 'EPISTHMH$, "WST'
'EI MH TI QAUMASTON "OSON DIAFEREI0 THI 'ARETHI TWN 'ALLWN, 'OUK
'ESQ' "OPW$ 'AN4 TI$ FUGOI TO KATAGELASTO$ GENESQAI FASKWN
'ECEIN TAUTHN THN 'EPISTHMHN. TOIAUTH TI$ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'W*
LUSIMACE, "H PERI= TOUTO TO MAQHMA 'EINAI SPOUDH; CRH
D' "OPER SOI4 'EX 'ARCH$ 'ELEGON, KAI SWKRATH TONDE MH
'AFIENAI, 'ALLA= DEISQAI SUMBOULEUEIN "OPHI DOKEI0 'AUTWI PERI=
TOU* PROKEIMENOU.
LU ^ 'ALLA= DEOMAI 'EGWGE, 'W* SWKRATE$; KAI-GAR "WSPER
<P 184D>
TOU* 'EPIDIAKRINOUNTO$ DOKEI0 MOI DEIN "HMIN "H BOULH. 'EI MEN-GAR
SUNEFERESQHN TWDE, "HTTON 'AN4 TOU* TOIOUTOU 'EDEI; NU*N
DE THN 'ENANTIAN GAR, "W$ "ORA*I$0, LACH$ NIKIA\ 'EQETO, 'EU DH
'ECEI0 'AKOUSAI0 KAI SOU4 POTERWI TOIN 'ANDROIN SUMYHFO$ 'EI*.
SW ^ TI= DE, 'W* LUSIMACE: "OPO=TER' 'AN4 "OI PLEIOU$ 'EPAINWSIN
"HMWN, TOUTOI$ MELLEI$ CRHSQAI:
LU ^ TI= GAR 'AN4 TI$ KAI POIOI*, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW ^ 'H*-KAI SU, 'W* MELHSIA, "OUTW$ 'AN4 POIOI*$: 'KAN4 'EI
<P 184E>
TI$ PERI= 'AGWNIA$ TOU* "UEO$ SOI4 BOULH 'EIH TI= CRH 'ASKEIN, 'A*RA
TOI$ PLEIOSIN 'AN4 "HMWN PEIQOIO, 'H= 'KEINWI "OSTI$ TUGCANEI0 "UPO
PAIDOTRIBHI 'AGAQWI PEPAIDEUMENO$ KAI 'HSKHKW$:
ME ^ 'EKEINWI 'EIKO$ GE, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ 'AUTWI 'A=R' 'AN4 MALLON PEIQOIO 'H= TETTARSIN 'OUSIN
"HMIN:
ME ^ 'ISW$.
SW ^ 'EPISTHMHI GAR 'OIMAI DEI KRINESQAI 'ALL' 'OU PLHQEI
TO MELLON KALW$ KRIQHSESQAI.
ME ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI NU*N CRH PRWTON 'AUTO TOUTO SKEYASQAI,


<P 185A>
'EI 'ESTIN TI$ "HMWN TECNIKO$ PERI= "OU BOULEUOMEQA 'H= 'OU=; KAI 'EI
MEN 'ESTIN, 'EKEINWI PEIQESQAI "ENI 'ONTI, TOU$ D' 'ALLOU$ 'EA*N, 'EI
DE MH, 'ALLON TINA ZHTEIN. 'H= PERI= SMIKROU 'OIESQE0 NUNI
KINDUNEUEIN KAI SU KAI LUSIMACO$ 'ALL' 'OU PERI= TOUTOU TOU*
KTHMATO$ "O= TWN "UMETERWN MEGISTON 'ON TUGCANEI0: "UEWN GAR-POU
'H= CRHSTWN 'H= 'TANANTIA GENOMENWN KAI PA$ "O 'OIKO$ "O TOU*
PATRO$ "OUTW$ 'OIKHSETAI, "OPOIOI 'AN4 TINE$ "OI PAIDE$ GENWNTAI.
ME ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW ^ POLLHN 'A=RA DEI PROMHQIAN 'AUTOU4 'ECEIN.
ME ^ PANU GE.
<P 185B>
SW ^ PW*$ 'OUN, "O= 'EGW 'ARTI 'ELEGON, 'ESKOPOUMEN 'AN4, 'EI
'EBOULOMEQA SKEYASQAI TI=$ "HMWN PERI= 'AGWNIAN TECNIKWTATO$:
'A*R' 'OUC "O MAQWN KAI 'EPITHDEUSA$, "WI KAI DIDASKALOI 'AGAQOI
GEGONOTE$ 'HSAN 'AUTOU4 TOUTOU:
ME ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'ETI PROTERON, TI=NO$ 'ONTO$ TOUTOU "OU8 ZHTOUMEN
TOU$ DIDASKALOU$:
ME ^ PW*$ LEGEI$:
SW ^ "WDE 'ISW$ MALLON KATADHLON 'ESTAI. 'OU MOI DOKEI0
'EX 'ARCH$ "HMIN "WMOLOGHSQAI TI= POT' 'ESTIN PERI= "OU BOULEUOMEQA
KAI8 SKEPTOMEQA8, "OSTI$ "HMWN TECNIKO$ KAI TOUTOU
<P 185C>
"ENEKA DIDASKALOU$ 'EKTHSATO, KAI "OSTI$ MH.
NI ^ 'OU-GAR, 'W* SWKRATE$, PERI= TOU* 'EN "OPLOI$ MACESQAI
SKOPOUMEN, 'EITE CRH 'AUTO TOU$ NEANISKOU$ MANQANEIN
'EITE MH:
SW ^ PANU MEN-'OUN, 'W* NIKIA. 'ALL' "OTAN PERI= FARMAKOU
TI$ TOU PRO$ 'OFQALMOU$ SKOPHTAI, 'EITE CRH 'AUTO "UPALEIFESQAI
'EITE MH, POTERON 'OIEI TO=TE 'EINAI THN BOULHN PERI=
TOU* FARMAKOU 'H= PERI= TWN 'OFQALMWN:
NI ^ PERI= TWN 'OFQALMWN.
<P 185D>
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI "OTAN "IPPWI CALINON SKOPHTAI TI$ 'EI
PROSOISTEON 'H= MH, KAI "OPOTE, TO=TE POU PERI= TOU* "IPPOU
BOULEUETAI 'ALL' 'OU PERI= TOU* CALINOU:
NI ^ 'ALHQH.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N "ENI LOGWI "OTAN TI$ TI "ENEKA TOU SKOPHI5
PERI= 'EKEINOU "H BOULH TUGCANEI0 'OUSA "OU "ENEKA 'ESKOPEI, 'ALL'
'OU PERI= TOU* "O= "ENEKA 'ALLOU 'EZHTEI.
NI ^ 'ANAGKH.
SW ^ DEI 'A=RA-KAI TON SUMBOULON SKOPEIN 'A*RA TECNIKO$
'ESTIN 'EI$ 'EKEINOU QERAPEIAN, "OU "ENEKA SKOPOUMENOI
SKOPOUMEN.
NI ^ PANU GE.
<P 185E>
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N NU*N FAMEN PERI= MAQHMATO$ SKOPEIN TH$
YUCH$ "ENEKA TH$ TWN NEANISKWN:
NI ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'EI TI$ 'A=RA "HMWN TECNIKO$ PERI= YUCH$ QERAPEIAN
KAI "OIO$-TE KALW$ TOUTO QERAPEUSAI0, KAI "OTWI DIDASKALOI
'AGAQOI GEGONASIN, TOUTO SKEPTEON.
LA ^ TI= DE, 'W* SWKRATE$: 'OUPW "EWRAKA$ 'ANEU DIDASKALWN
TECNIKWTEROU$ GEGONOTA$ 'EI$ 'ENIA 'H= META DIDASKALWN:
SW ^ 'EGWGE, 'W* LACH$; "OI$ GE SU 'OUK 'AN4 'EQELOI$ PISTEUSAI0,
'EI FAIEN 'AGAQOI 'EINAI DHMIOURGOI, 'EI MH TI SOI4 TH$
"AUTWN TECNH$ 'ERGON 'ECOIEN 'EPIDEIXAI0 'EU 'EIRGASMENON, KAI "EN


<P 186A>
KAI PLEIW.
LA ^ TOUTO MEN 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW ^ KAI "HMA$ 'A=RA DEI, 'W* LACH$ TE-KAI NIKIA % 'EPEIDH
LUSIMACO$ KAI MELHSIA$ 'EI$ SUMBOULHN PAREKALESATHN
"HMA$ PERI= TOIN "UEOIN, PROQUMOUMENOI 'AUTOIN "OTI2 'ARISTA$
GENESQAI TA$ YUCA$ % 'EI MEN FAMEN 'ECEIN, 'EPIDEIXAI0 'AUTOI$
KAI DIDASKALOU$ "OITINE$ "HMWN8 GEGONASIN8 'AUTOI PRWTON
'AGAQOI 'ONTE$ KAI POLLWN NEWN TEQERAPEUKOTE$ YUCA$ 'EPEITA
<P 186B>
KAI "HMA$ DIDAXANTE$ FAINONTAI; 'H= 'EI TI$ "HMWN-'AUTWN "EAUTWI
DIDASKALON MEN 'OU FHSI GEGONENAI, 'ALL'-'OUN 'ERGA 'AUTON
"AUTOU 'ECEIN 'EIPEIN KAI 'EPIDEIXAI0 TI=NE$ 'AQHNAIWN 'H= TWN
XENWN, 'H= DOULOI 'H= 'ELEUQEROI, DI' 'EKEINON "OMOLOGOUMENW$ 'AGAQOI
GEGONASIN; 'EI DE MHDEN "HMIN TOUTWN "UPARCEI0, 'ALLOU$
KELEUEIN ZHTEIN KAI MH 'EN "ETAIRWN 'ANDRWN "UESIN KINDUNEUEIN
DIAFQEIRONTA$ THN MEGISTHN 'AITIAN 'ECEIN "UPO TWN 'OIKEIOTATWN.
'EGW MEN-'OUN, 'W* LUSIMACE TE-KAI MELHSIA, PRWTO$
<P 186C>
PERI= 'EMAUTOU LEGW0 "OTI4 DIDASKALO$ MOI 'OU GEGONE0 TOUTOU PE=RI.
KAITOI 'EPIQUMW0 GE TOU* PRAGMATO$ 'EK NEOU 'ARXAMENO$. 'ALLA=
TOI$ MEN SOFISTAI$ 'OUK 'ECW0 TELEIN0 MISQOU$, "OIPER MONOI
'EPHGGELLONTO ME "OIOI-T'-'EINAI POIHSAI0 KALON TE 'KAGAQON;
'AUTO$ D' 'AU "EUREIN THN TECNHN 'ADUNATW0 'ETI NUNI. 'EI DE
NIKIA$ 'H= LACH$ "HURHKEN0 'H= MEMAQHKEN0, 'OUK 'AN4 QAUMASAIMI;
KAI-GAR CRHMASIN 'EMOU4 DUNATWTEROI, "WSTE MAQEIN PAR' 'ALLWN,
KAI "AMA PRESBUTEROI, "WSTE 'HDH "HURHKENAI. DOKOUSI0
<P 186D>
DH MOI DUNATOI 'EINAI PAIDEUSAI0 'ANQRWPON; 'OU-GAR 'AN4 POTE
'ADEW$ 'APEFAINONTO PERI= 'EPITHDEUMATWN NEWI CRHSTWN TE-KAI
PONHRWN, 'EI MH "AUTOI$ 'EPISTEUON "IKANW$ 'EIDENAI. TA MEN-'OUN
'A=LLA 'EGWGE TOUTOI$ PISTEUW0; "OTI4 DE DIAFERESQON0 'ALLHLOIN,
'EQAUMASA. TOUTO 'OUN SOU4 'EGW 'ANTIDEOMAI, 'W* LUSIMACE;
KAQAPER 'ARTI LACH$ MH 'AFIESQAI SE 'EMOU4 DIEKELEUETO 'ALLA=
'ERWTAN, KAI 'EGW NU*N PARAKELEUOMAI SOI4 MH 'AFIESQAI LACHTO$
MHDE NIKIOU, 'ALL' 'ERWTAN LEGONTA "OTI4 "O MEN SWKRATH$ 'OU
<P 186E>
FHSIN 'EPAIEIN PERI= TOU* PRAGMATO$ 'OUD' "IKANO$ 'EINAI DIAKRINAI0
"OPOTERO$ "UMWN 'ALHQH LEGEI0 % 'OUTE-GAR "EURETH$ 'OUTE
MAQHTH$ 'OUDENO$ PERI= TWN TOIOUTWN GEGONENAI % SU D', 'W*
LACH$ KAI NIKIA, 'EIPETON4 "HMIN "EKATERO$ TI=NI DH DEINOTATWI
SUGGEGONATON PERI= TH$ TWN NEWN TROFH$, KAI PO=TERA MAQONTE
PARA TOU 'EPISTASQON0 'H= 'AUTW 'EXEURONTE, KAI 'EI MEN MAQONTE,


<P 187A>
TI=$ "O DIDASKALO$ "EKATERWI KAI TI=NE$ 'ALLOI "OMOTECNOI 'AUTOI$,
"IN', 'AN2 MH "UMIN SCOLH 'HI "UPO TWN TH$ POLEW$ PRAGMATWN,
'EP' 'EKEINOU$ 'IWMEN KAI PEIQWMEN 'H= DWROI$ 'H= CARISIN 'H= 'AMFO=TERA
'EPIMELHQHNAI KAI TWN "HMETERWN KAI TWN "UMETERWN
PAIDWN, "OPW$ MH KATAISCUNWSI TOU$ "AUTWN PROGONOU$ FAULOI
GENOMENOI; 'EI D' 'AUTOI "EURETAI GEGONOTE TOU* TOIOUTOU, DOTE
PARADEIGMA TI=NWN 'HDH 'ALLWN 'EPIMELHQENTE$ 'EK FAULWN
KALOU$ TE 'KAGAQOU$ 'EPOIHSATE. 'EI GAR NU*N PRWTON 'ARXESQE
<P 187B>
PAIDEUEIN, SKOPEIN CRH MH 'OUK 'EN TW*I KARI "UMIN "O KINDUNO$
KINDUNEUHTAI, 'ALL' 'EN TOI$ "UESI TE-KAI 'EN TOI$ TWN FILWN
PAISI, KAI 'ATECNW$ TO LEGOMENON KATA THN PAROIMIAN "UMIN
SUMBAINHI5 'EN PIQWI "H KERAMEIA GIGNOMENH. LEGETE3 'OUN TI=
TOUTWN 'H= FATE0 "UMIN "UPARCEIN TE-KAI PROSHKEIN 'H= 'OU FATE0.
TAUT', 'W* LUSIMACE, PAR' 'AUTWN PUNQANOU TE-KAI MH MEQIEI5
TOU$ 'ANDRA$.
LU ^ KALW$ MEN 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'W* 'ANDRE$, SWKRATH$ LEGEIN;
<P 187C>
'EI DE BOULOMENOI$ "UMIN 'ESTI PERI= TWN TOIOUTWN 'ERWTASQAI
TE-KAI DIDONAI LOGON, 'AUTOU$ DH CRH GIGNWSKEIN, 'W* NIKIA
TE-KAI LACH$. 'EMOI4 MEN-GAR-KAI MELHSIA\ TWIDE DHLON "OTI4
"HDOMENOI$ 'AN4 'EIH 'EI PANTA "A SWKRATH$ 'ERWTA*I0 'EQELOITE LOGWI
DIEXIENAI; KAI-GAR 'EX 'ARCH$ 'ENTEUQEN 'HRCOMHN LEGWN, "OTI4
'EI$ SUMBOULHN DIA= TAUTA "UMA$ PARAKALESAIMEN, "OTI4 MEMELHKENAI
"UMIN "HGOUMEQA, "W$ 'EIKO$, PERI= TWN TOIOUTWN, KAI 'ALLW$
KAI 'EPEIDH "OI PAIDE$ "UMIN 'OLIGOU "WSPER "OI "HMETEROI "HLIKIAN
<P 187D>
'ECOUSI0 PAIDEUESQAI. 'EI 'OUN "UMIN MH TI DIAFEREI0, 'EIPATE2 KAI
KOINHI META SWKRATOU$ SKEYASQE, DIDONTE$ TE-KAI DECOMENOI
LOGON PAR' 'ALLHLWN; 'EU GAR-KAI TOUTO LEGEI0 "ODE, "OTI4 PERI=
TOU* MEGISTOU NU*N BOULEUOMEQA TWN "HMETERWN. 'ALL' "ORATE3
'EI DOKEI0 CRHNAI0 "OUTW POIEIN.
NI ^ 'W* LUSIMACE, DOKEI$ MOI "W$ 'ALHQW$ SWKRATH PATROQEN
GIGNWSKEIN MONON, 'AUTWI D' 'OU SUGGEGONENAI 'ALL'-'H=
<P 187E>
PAIDI 'ONTI, 'EI POU 'EN TOI$ DHMOTAI$ META TOU* PATRO$ 'AKOLOUQWN
'EPLHSIASEN SOI4 'H= 'EN "IERWI 'H= 'EN 'ALLWI TWI SULLOGWI TWN
DHMOTWN; 'EPEIDH DE PRESBUTERO$ GEGONEN0, 'OUK 'ENTETUCHKW$
TW*I 'ANDRI DHLO$ 'ETI 'EI*.
LU ^ TI= MALISTA, 'W* NIKIA:
NI ^ 'OU MOI DOKEI$ 'EIDENAI "OTI4 "O$ 'AN4 'EGGUTATA SWKRATOU$
'HI LOGWI8 "WSPER8 GENEI8 KAI PLHSIAZHI5 DIALEGOMENO$, 'ANAGKH
'AUTWI, 'EA=N 'A=RA-KAI PERI= 'ALLOU TOU PROTERON 'ARXHTAI DIALEGESQAI,
MH PAUESQAI "UPO TOUTOU PERIAGOMENON TW*I LOGWI,
PRIN 'AN74 'EMPESHI6 'EI$ TO DIDONAI PERI= "AUTOU LOGON, "ONTINA


<P 188A>
TROPON NU*N TE ZHI0 KAI "ONTINA TON PARELHLUQOTA BION BEBIWKEN0;
'EPEIDAN D' 'EMPESHI6 "OTI4 'OU PROTERON 'AUTON 'AFHSEI2
SWKRATH$, PRIN 'AN4 BASANISHI6 TAUTA 'EU TE-KAI KALW$ "APANTA.
'EGW DE SUNHQH$ TE 'EIMI TWIDE KAI 'OID' "OTI4 'ANAGKH "UPO TOUTOU
PASCEIN TAUTA, KAI 'ETI GE 'AUTO$ "OTI4 PEISOMAI TAUTA 'EU 'OIDA;
CAIRW0 GAR, 'W* LUSIMACE, TW*I 'ANDRI PLHSIAZWN, KAI 'OUDEN
'OIMAI KAKON 'EINAI TO "UPOMIMNHISKESQAI "OTI2 MH KALW$ 'H= PEPOIHKAMEN
<P 188B>
'H= POIOUMEN, 'ALL' 'EI$ TON 'EPEITA BION PROMHQESTERON
'ANAGKH 'EINAI TON TAUTA MH FEUGONTA 'ALL' 'EQELONTA KATA
TO TOU* SOLWNO$ KAI 'AXIOUNTA MANQANEIN "EWSPER 'AN4 ZHI2, KAI
MH 'OIOMENON 'AUTWI TO GHRA$ NOUN 'ECON PROSIENAI. 'EMOI4 'MEN-'OUN
'OUDEN 'AHQE$ 'OUD' 'AU 'AHDE$ "UPO SWKRATOU$ BASANIZESQAI,
'ALLA=-KAI PALAI SCEDON TI 'HPISTAMHN "OTI4 'OU PERI= TWN MEIRAKIWN
"HMIN "O LOGO$ 'ESOITO SWKRATOU$ PARONTO$, 'ALLA= PERI=
<P 188C>
"HMWN-'AUTWN. "OPER 'OUN LEGW0, TO MEN 'EMON 'OUDEN KWLUEI0
SWKRATEI SUNDIATRIBEIN "OPW$ "OUTO$ BOULETAI; LACHTA DE
TONDE "ORA "OPW$ 'ECEI0 PERI= TOU* TOIOUTOU.
LA ^ "APLOUN TO G' 'EMON, 'W* NIKIA, PERI= LOGWN 'ESTIN, 'EI
DE BOULEI, 'OUC "APLOUN 'ALLA= DIPLOUN; KAI-GAR 'AN4 DOXAIMI
TWI FILOLOGO$ 'EINAI KAI 'AU MISOLOGO$. "OTAN MEN-GAR
'AKOUW3 'ANDRO$ PERI= 'ARETH$ DIALEGOMENOU 'H= PERI= TINO$ SOFIA$
"W$ 'ALHQW$ 'ONTO$ 'ANDRO$ KAI 'AXIOU TWN LOGWN "WN LEGEI0,
<P 188D>
CAIRW0 "UPERFUW$, QEWMENO$ "AMA TON TE LEGONTA KAI TA
LEGOMENA "OTI4 PREPONTA 'ALLHLOI$ KAI "ARMOTTONTA 'ESTI. KAI
KOMIDHI MOI DOKEI0 MOUSIKO$ "O TOIOUTO$ 'EINAI, "ARMONIAN KALLISTHN
"HRMOSMENO$ 'OU LURAN 'OUDE PAIDIA$ 'ORGANA, 'ALLA= TW*I-'ONTI
ZHN8 "HRMOSMENO$8 "OU8 'AUTO$ "AUTOU TON BION SUMFWNON
TOI$ LOGOI$ PRO$ TA 'ERGA, 'ATECNW$ DWRISTI 'ALL' 'OUK 'IASTI,
'OIOMAI DE-'OUDE FRUGISTI 'OUDE LUDISTI, 'ALL' "HPER MONH "ELLHNIKH
'ESTIN "ARMONIA. "O MEN-'OUN TOIOUTO$ CAIREIN ME POIEI0
<P 188E>
FQEGGOMENO$ KAI DOKEIN "OTWIOUN FILOLOGON 'EINAI % "OUTW SFODRA
'APODECOMAI PAR' 'AUTOU4 TA LEGOMENA % "O DE 'TANANTIA
TOUTOU PRATTWN LUPEI0 ME, "OSWI 'AN4 DOKHI5 'AMEINON LEGEIN,
TOSOUTWI MALLON, KAI POIEI0 'AU DOKEIN 'EINAI MISOLOGON.
SWKRATOU$ D' 'EGW TWN MEN LOGWN 'OUK 'EMPEIRO$ 'EIMI, 'ALLA=
PROTERON, "W$ 'EOIKE0, TWN 'ERGWN 'EPEIRAQHN, KAI 'EKEI 'AUTON


<P 189A>
"HURON 'AXION 'ONTA LOGWN KALWN KAI PASH$ PARRHSIA$. 'EI
'OUN-KAI TOUTO 'ECEI0, SUMBOULOMAI 'TANDRI, KAI "HDIST' 'AN4
'EXETAZOIMHN "UPO TOU* TOIOUTOU, KAI 'OUK 'AN4 'ACQOIMHN MANQANWN,
'ALLA=-KAI 'EGW TW*I SOLWNI, "EN MONON PROSLABWN, SUGCWRW0;
GHRASKWN1 GAR POLLA9 DIDASKESQAI1 'EQELW0 "UPO CRHSTWN
MONON. TOUTO GAR MOI SUGCWREITW, 'AGAQON KAI 'AUTON 'EINAI
TON DIDASKALON, "INA MH DUSMAQH$ FAINWMAI 'AHDW$ MANQANWN;
'EI DE NEWTERO$ "O DIDASKWN 'ESTAI 'H= MHPW 'EN DOXHI 'WN 'H= TI
<P 189B>
'ALLO TWN TOIOUTWN 'ECWN, 'OUDEN MOI MELEI0. SOI4 'OUN, 'W*
SWKRATE$, 'EGW 'EPAGGELLOMAI KAI DIDASKEIN KAI 'ELEGCEIN
'EME "OTI2 'AN4 BOULHI3, KAI MANQANEIN GE "OTI2 'AU 'EGW 'OIDA; "OUTW
SU PAR' 'EMOI4 DIAKEISAI 'AP' 'EKEINH$ TH$ "HMERA$ "HI MET' 'EMOU4
SUNDIEKINDUNEUSA$ KAI 'EDWKA$ SAUTOU PEIRAN 'ARETH$ "HN CRH
DIDONAI TON MELLONTA DIKAIW$ DWSEIN. LEG' 'OUN "OTI2 SOI4
FILON, MHDEN THN "HMETERAN "HLIKIAN "UPOLOGON POIOUMENO$.
<P 189C>
SW ^ 'OU TA "UME=TERA, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'AITIASOMEQA MH 'OUC
"ETOIMA 'EINAI KAI SUMBOULEUEIN KAI SUSKOPEIN.
LU ^ 'ALL' "HMETERON DH 'ERGON, 'W* SWKRATE$ % "ENA GAR SE
'EGWGE "HMWN TIQHMI % SKOPEI5 'OUN 'ANT' 'EMOU4 "UPER TWN NEANISKWN
"OTI2 DEOMEQA PARA TWNDE PUNQANESQAI, KAI SUMBOULEUE
DIALEGOMENO$ TOUTOI$. 'EGW MEN-GAR-KAI 'EPILANQANOMAI 'HDH
TA POLLA DIA= THN "HLIKIAN "WN 'AN4 DIANOHQW 'ERESQAI KAI 'AU "A
'AN4 'AKOUSW4; 'EA=N DE METAXU 'ALLOI LOGOI GENWNTAI, 'OU PANU
<P 189D>
MEMNHMAI. "UMEI$ 'OUN LEGETE3 KAI DIEXITE2 PRO$ "UMA$-'AUTOU$
PERI= "WN PROUQEMEQA; 'EGW D' 'AKOUSOMAI KAI 'AKOUSA$ 'AU META
MELHSIOU TOUDE POIHSW2 TOUTO "OTI2 'AN4 KAI "UMIN DOKHI5.
SW ^ PEISTEON, 'W* NIKIA TE-KAI LACH$, LUSIMACWI KAI
MELHSIA\. "A MEN-'OUN NUNDH 'EPECEIRHSAMEN SKOPEIN, TI=NE$
"OI DIDASKALOI "HMIN TH$ TOIAUTH$ PAIDEIA$ GEGONASIN 'H= TI=NA$
'ALLOU$ BELTIOU$ PEPOIHKAMEN, 'ISW$ MEN 'OU KAKW$ 'EICEN
<P 189E>
'EXETAZEIN KAI TA TOIAUTA "HMA$-'AUTOU$; 'ALL' 'OIMAI KAI "H
TOIADE SKEYI$ 'EI$ 'TAUTON FEREI0, SCEDON DE TI KAI MALLON 'EX
'ARCH$ 'EIH 'AN4. 'EI GAR TUGCANOMEN 'EPISTAMENOI "OTOUOUN PE=RI
"OTI4 PARAGENOMENON TWI BELTION POIEI0 'EKEINO "WI PAREGENETO,
KAI PROSETI "OIOI-TE-'ESMEN 'AUTO POIEIN PARAGIGNESQAI 'EKEINWI,
DHLON "OTI4 'AUTO GE 'ISMEN TOUTO "OU PE=RI SUMBOULOI 'AN4 GENOIMEQA
"W$ 'AN4 TI$ 'AUTO "RA\STA KAI 'ARIST' 'AN4 KTHSAITO. 'ISW$
'OUN 'OU MANQANETE0 MOU "OTI2 LEGW0, 'ALL' "WDE "RA\ON MAQHSESQE.


<P 190A>
'EI TUGCANOMEN 'EPISTAMENOI "OTI4 'OYI$ PARAGENOMENH 'OFQALMOI$
BELTIOU$ POIEI0 'EKEINOU$ "OI$ PAREGENETO, KAI PROSETI
"OIOI-T'-'ESMEN POIEIN 'AUTHN PARAGIGNESQAI 'OMMASI, DHLON
"OTI4 'OYIN GE 'ISMEN 'AUTHN "OTI2 POT' 'ESTIN, "H$ PE=RI SUMBOULOI
'AN4 GENOIMEQA "W$ 'AN4 TI$ 'AUTHN "RA\STA KAI 'ARISTA KTHSAITO.
'EI GAR-MHD' 'AUTO TOUTO 'EIDEIMEN, "OTI2 POT' 'ESTIN 'OYI$ 'H= "OTI2
'ESTIN 'AKOH, SCOLHI 'AN4 SUMBOULOI GE 'AXIOI LOGOU GENOIMEQA
KAI 'IATROI 'H= PERI= 'OFQALMWN 'H= PERI= 'WTWN, "ONTINA TROPON
<P 190B>
'AKOHN 'H= 'OYIN KALLIST' 'AN4 KTHSAITO TI$.
LA ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N, 'W* LACH$, KAI NU*N "HMA$ TWDE PARAKALEITON0
'EI$ OUMBOULHN, TI=N 'AN4 TROPON TOI$ "UESIN 'AUTWN 'ARETH
PARAGENOMENH TAI$ YUCAI$ 'AMEINOU$ POIHSEIE:
LA ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN "HMIN TOUTO G' "UPARCEIN DEI, TO 'EIDENAI "OTI2
POT' 'ESTIN 'ARETH: 'EI GAR-POU-MHD' 'ARETHN 'EIDEIMEN TO
PARAPAN "OTI2 POTE TUGCANEI0 'ON, TI=N' 'AN4 TROPON TOUTOU
<P 190C>
SUMBOULOI GENOIMEQ' 'AN4 "OTWIOUN, "OPW$ 'AN4 'AUTO KALLISTA
KTHSAITO:
LA ^ 'OUDENA, 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ FAMEN 'A=RA, 'W* LACH$, 'EIDENAI 'AUTO "OTI2 'ESTIN.
LA ^ FAMEN MENTOI.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N "O= GE 'ISMEN, KAN4 'EIPOIMEN DHPOU TI= 'ESTIN.
LA ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW ^ MH-TOINUN, 'W* 'ARISTE, PERI= "OLH$ 'ARETH$ 'EUQEW$
SKOPWMEQA % PLEON GAR 'ISW$ 'ERGON % 'ALLA= MEROU$ TINO$
PE=RI PRWTON 'IDWMEN 'EI "IKANW$ 'ECOMEN PRO$ TO 'EIDENAI; KAI
<P 190D>
"HMIN, "W$ TO 'EIKO$, "RA\WN "H SKEYI$ 'ESTAI.
LA ^ 'ALL' "OUTW POIWMEN, 'W* SWKRATE$, "W$ SU BOULEI.
SW ^ TI= 'OUN 'AN4 PROELOIMEQA TWN TH$ 'ARETH$ MERWN: 'H=
DHLON DH "OTI4 TOUTO 'EI$ "O= TEINEIN DOKEI0 "H 'EN TOI$ "OPLOI$
MAQHSI$: DOKEI0 DE-POU TOI$ POLLOI$ 'EI$ 'ANDREIAN. 'H*-GAR:
LA ^ KAI MALA DH "OUTW DOKEI0.
SW ^ TOUTO TOINUN PRWTON 'EPICEIRHSWMEN, 'W* LACH$,
'EIPEIN, 'ANDREIA TI= POT' 'ESTIN; 'EPEITA META TOUTO SKEYOMEQA
<P 190E>
KAI "OTWI 'AN4 TROPWI TOI$ NEANISKOI$ PARAGENOITO, KAQ' "OSON
"OION-TE 'EX 'EPITHDEUMATWN TE-KAI MAQHMATWN PARAGENESQAI.
'ALLA= PEIRW5 'EIPEIN "O= LEGW0, TI= 'ESTIN 'ANDREIA.
LA ^ 'OU MA TON DI=A, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OU CALEPON 'EIPEIN;
'EI GAR TI$ 'EQELOI 'EN THI TAXEI MENWN0 'AMUNESQAI TOU$ POLEMIOU$
KAI MH FEUGOI, 'EU 'ISQI "OTI4 'ANDREIO$ 'AN4 'EIH.
SW ^ 'EU MEN LEGEI$, 'W* LACH$; 'ALL' 'ISW$ 'EGW 'AITIO$,
'OU SAFW$ 'EIPWN, TO SE 'APOKRINASQAI MH TOUTO "O= DIANOOUMENO$
'HROMHN, 'ALL' "ETERON.
LA ^ PW*$ TOUTO LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$


<P 191A>
SW ^ 'EGW FRASW2, 'EA=N "OIO$-TE-GENWMAI. 'ANDREIO$ POU
"OUTO$, "ON KAI SU LEGEI$, "O$ 'AN4 'EN THI TAXEI MENWN0 MACHTAI
TOI$ POLEMIOI$.
LA ^ 'EGW GOUN FHMI.
SW ^ KAI-GAR 'EGW. 'ALLA= TI= 'AU "ODE, "O$ 'AN4 FEUGWN
MACHTAI TOI$ POLEMIOI$ 'ALLA= MH MENWN0:
LA ^ PW*$ FEUGWN:
SW ^ "WSPER POU-KAI SKUQAI LEGONTAI 'OUC "HTTON FEUGONTE$
'H= DIWKONTE$ MACESQAI, KAI "OMHRO$ POU 'EPAINWN
TOU$ TOU* 'AINEIOU "IPPOU$ KRAIPNA9 MAL'9 'ENQA9 KAI9 'ENQA9
<P 191B>
'EFH 'AUTOU$ 'EPISTASQAI1 DIWKEIN1 'HDE9 FEBESQAI9; KAI 'AUTON
TON 'AINEIAN KATA TOUT' 'ENEKWMIASE, KATA THN TOU* FOBOU
'EPISTHMHN, KAI 'EI*PEN 'AUTON 'EINAI MHSTWRA9 FOBOIO9.
LA ^ KAI KALW$ GE, 'W* SWKRATE$; PERI= "ARMATWN GAR
'ELEGE. KAI SU TO TWN SKUQWN "IPPEWN PE=RI LEGEI$; TO MEN-GAR
"IPPIKON TO8 'EKEINWN8 "OUTW MACETAI, TO DE "OPLITIKON TO8
GE8 TWN8 "ELLHNWN8, "W$ 'EGW LEGW0.
SW ^ PLHN G' 'ISW$, 'W* LACH$, TO LAKEDAIMONIWN. LAKEDAIMONIOU$
<P 191C>
GAR FASIN0 'EN PLATAIAI$, 'EPEIDH PRO$ TOI$
GERROFOROI$ 'EGENONTO, 'OUK 'EQELEIN MENONTA$ PRO$ 'AUTOU$
MACESQAI, 'ALLA= FEUGEIN, 'EPEIDH D' ELUQHSAN "AI TAXEI$
TWN PERSWN, 'ANASTREFOMENOU$ "WSPER "IPPEA$ MACESQAI
KAI "OUTW NIKHSAI0 THN 'EKEI MACHN.
LA ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW ^ TOUTO TOINUN "O= 'ARTI 'ELEGON, "OTI4 'EGW 'AITIO$ MH
KALW$ SE 'APOKRINASQAI, "OTI4 'OU KALW$ 'HROMHN % BOULOMENO$
<P 191D>
GAR SOU4 PUQESQAI MH MONON TOU$ 'EN TW*I "OPLITIKWI 'ANDREIOU$,
'ALLA=-KAI TOU$ 'EN TW*I "IPPIKWI KAI 'EN SUMPANTI TW*I POLEMIKWI
'EIDEI, KAI MH MONON TOU$ 'EN TW*I POLEMWI, 'ALLA=-KAI TOU$ 'EN
TOI$ PRO$ THN QALATTAN KINDUNOI$ 'ANDREIOU$ 'ONTA$, KAI "OSOI
GE PRO$ NOSOU$ KAI "OSOI PRO$ PENIA$ 'H=-KAI PRO$ TA POLITIKA
'ANDREIOI 'EISIN, KAI 'ETI 'AU MH MONON "OSOI PRO$ LUPA$ 'ANDREIOI
'EISIN 'H= FOBOU$, 'ALLA=-KAI PRO$ 'EPIQUMIA$ 'H= "HDONA$ DEINOI
<P 191E>
MACESQAI, KAI MENONTE$ KAI 'ANASTREFONTE$ % 'EISI GAR-POU
TINE$, 'W* LACH$, KAI 'EN TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ 'ANDREIOI %
LA ^ KAI SFODRA, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'ANDREIOI MEN PANTE$ "OUTOI 'EISIN, 'ALL' "OI
MEN 'EN "HDONAI$, "OI D' 'EN LUPAI$, "OI D' 'EN 'EPIQUMIAI$, "OI D' 'EN
FOBOI$ THN 'ANDREIAN KEKTHNTAI; "OI DE-G' 'OIMAI DEILIAN 'EN
TOI$ 'AUTOI$ TOUTOI$.
LA ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ TI= POTE 'ON "EKATERON TOUTWN: TOUTO 'EPUNQANOMHN.
PALIN 'OUN PEIRW5 'EIPEIN 'ANDREIAN PRWTON TI= 'ON 'EN PASI
TOUTOI$ 'TAUTON 'ESTIN; 'H= 'OUPW KATAMANQANEI$ "O= LEGW0:
LA ^ 'OU PANU TI.


<P 192A>
SW ^ 'ALL' "WDE LEGW0, "WSPER 'AN4 'EI TACO$ 'HRWTWN TI= POT'
'ESTIN, "O= KAI 'EN TW*I TRECEIN TUGCANEI0 'ON "HMIN KAI 'EN TW*I
KIQARIZEIN KAI 'EN TW*I LEGEIN KAI 'EN TW*I MANQANEIN KAI 'EN
'ALLOI$ POLLOI$, KAI SCEDON TI 'AUTO KEKTHMEQA, "OU KAI PE=RI
'AXION LEGEIN, 'H= 'EN TAI$ TWN CEIRWN PRAXESIN 'H= SKELWN 'H=
STOMATO$ TE-KAI FWNH$ 'H= DIANOIA$; 'H= 'OUC "OUTW KAI SU LEGEI$:
LA ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ 'EI TOINUN TI$ ME 'EROITO; 'W* SWKRATE$, TI= LEGEI$
TOUTO "O= 'EN PASIN 'ONOMAZEI$ TACUTHTA 'EINAI: 'EIPOIM' 'AN4
<P 192B>
'AUTWI "OTI4 THN 'EN 'OLIGWI CRONWI POLLA DIAPRATTOMENHN DUNAMIN
TACUTHTA 'EGWGE KALW0 KAI PERI= FWNHN KAI PERI= DROMON KAI
PERI= 'TALLA PANTA.
LA ^ 'ORQW$ GE SU LEGWN.
SW ^ PEIRW5 DH-KAI SU, 'W* LACH$, THN 'ANDREIAN "OUTW$
'EIPEIN TI=$ 'OUSA DUNAMI$ "H 'AUTH 'EN "HDONHI KAI 'EN LUPHI KAI
'EN "APASIN "OI$ NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN 'AUTHN 'EINAI, 'EPEITA 'ANDREIA
KEKLHTAI.
LA ^ DOKEI0 TOINUN MOI KARTERIA TI$ 'EINAI TH$ YUCH$, 'EI
<P 192C>
TO GE DIA= PANTWN PERI=8 'ANDREIA$8 PEFUKO$ DEI 'EIPEIN.
SW ^ 'ALLA=-MHN DEI, 'EI GE TO 'ERWTWMENON 'APOKRINOUMEQA
"HMIN-'AUTOI$. TOUTO TOINUN 'EMOIGE FAINETAI; 'OUTI PASA GE,
"W$ 'EGWIMAI, KARTERIA 'ANDREIA SOI4 FAINETAI. TEKMAIROMAI DE
'ENQENDE; SCEDON GAR TI 'OIDA, 'W* LACH$, "OTI4 TWN PANU KALWN
PRAGMATWN "HGHI0 SU 'ANDREIAN 'EINAI.
LA ^ 'EU MEN-'OUN 'ISQI "OTI4 TWN KALLISTWN.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N "H MEN META FRONHSEW$ KARTERIA KALH
'KAGAQH:
LA ^ PANU GE.
<P 192D>
SW ^ TI= D' "H MET' 'AFROSUNH$: 'OU 'TOUNANTION TAUTHI
BLABERA KAI KAKOURGO$:
LA ^ NAI.
SW ^ KALON 'OUN TI FHSEI$ SU 'EINAI TO TOIOUTON, 'ON
KAKOURGON TE-KAI BLABERON:
LA ^ 'OU=KOUN DIKAION GE, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ 'OUK-'A=RA THN GE TOIAUTHN KARTERIAN 'ANDREIAN "OMOLOGHSEI$
'EINAI, 'EPEIDHPER 'OU KALH 'ESTIN, "H DE 'ANDREIA KALON 'ESTIN.
LA ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW ^ "H FRONIMO$ 'A=RA KARTERIA KATA TON SON LOGON
'ANDREIA 'AN4 'EIH.
LA ^ 'EOIKEN0.
<P 192E>
SW ^ 'IDWMEN DH, "H 'EI$ TI= FRONIMO$: 'H= "H 'EI$ "APANTA KAI
TA MEGALA KAI TA SMIKRA: "OION 'EI TI$ KARTEREI0 'ANALISKWN
'ARGURION FRONIMW$, 'EIDW$ "OTI4 'ANALWSA$ PLEON 'EKTHSETAI,
TOUTON 'ANDREION KALOI$0 'AN4:
LA ^ MA DI= 'OUK 'EGWGE.
SW ^ 'ALL' "OION 'EI TI$ 'IATRO$ 'WN, PERIPLEUMONIA\ TOU*
"UEO$ 'ECOMENOU 'H= 'ALLOU TINO$ KAI DEOMENOU PIEIN 'H= FAGEIN


<P 193A>
DOUNAI0, MH KAMPTOITO 'ALLA= KARTEROI:
LA ^ 'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN 'OUD' "AU=TH.
SW ^ 'ALL' 'EN POLEMWI KARTEROUNTA 'ANDRA KAI 'EQELONTA
MACESQAI, FRONIMW$ LOGIZOMENON, 'EIDOTA MEN "OTI4 BOHQHSOUSIN2
'ALLOI 'AUTWI, PRO$ 'ELATTOU$ DE-KAI FAULOTEROU$
MACEITAI 'H= MEQ' "WN 'AUTO$ 'ESTIN, 'ETI DE CWRIA 'ECEI0 KREITTW,
TOUTON TON META TH$ TOIAUTH$ FRONHSEW$ KAI PARASKEUH$
KARTEROUNTA 'ANDREIOTERON 'AN4 FAIH$ 'H= TON 'EN TW*I +ENANTIWI
STRATOPEDWI 'EQELONTA "UPOMENEIN0 TE-KAI KARTEREIN:
<P 193B>
LA ^ TON 'EN TW*I 'ENANTIWI, 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ 'ALLA=-MHN 'AFRONESTE=RA GE "H TOUTOU 'H= "H TOU* "ETEROU
KARTERIA.
LA ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW ^ KAI TON MET' 'EPISTHMH$ 'A=RA "IPPIKH$ KARTEROUNTA
'EN "IPPOMACIA\ "HTTON FHSEI$ 'ANDREION 'EINAI 'H= TON 'ANEU
'EPISTHMH$.
LA ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW ^ KAI TON META SFENDONHTIKH$ 'H= TOXIKH$ 'H= 'ALLH$
TINO$ TECNH$ KARTEROUNTA.
<P 193C>
LA ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ KAI "OSOI 'AN4 'EQELWSIN 'EI$ FREAR KATABAINONTE$ KAI
KOLUMBWNTE$ KARTEREIN 'EN TOUTWI TW*I 'ERGWI, MH 'ONTE$ DEINOI,
'H= 'EN TINI 'ALLWI TOIOUTWI 'ANDREIOTEROU$ FHSEI$ TWN TAUTA
DEINWN.
LA ^ TI= GAR 'AN4 TI$ 'ALLO FAIH, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW ^ 'OUDEN, 'EIPER 'OIOITO GE "OUTW$.
LA ^ 'ALLA=-MHN 'OIMAI GE.
SW ^ KAI-MHN-POU 'AFRONESTERW$ GE, 'W* LACH$, "OI TOIOUTOI
KINDUNEUOUSIN0 TE-KAI KARTEROUSIN0 'H= "OI META TECNH$ 'AUTO
PRATTONTE$.
LA ^ FAINONTAI.
<P 193D>
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'AISCRA "H 'AFRWN TOLMA TE-KAI KARTERHSI$
'EN TW*I PROSQEN 'EFANH "HMIN 'OUSA KAI BLABERA:
LA ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ "H DE-GE 'ANDREIA "WMOLOGEITO KALON TI 'EINAI.
LA ^ "WMOLOGEITO GAR.
SW ^ NU*N D' 'AU PALIN FAMEN 'EKEINO TO 'AISCRON, THN
'AFRONA KARTERHSIN, 'ANDREIAN 'EINAI.
LA ^ 'EOIKAMEN.
SW ^ KALW$ 'OUN SOI4 DOKOUMEN LEGEIN:
LA ^ MA TON DI=', 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EMOI4 MEN 'OU=.
SW ^ 'OUK-A=RA-POU KATA TON SON LOGON DWRISTI "HRMOSMEQA
<P 193E>
'EGW TE-KAI SU, 'W* LACH$; TA GAR 'ERGA 'OU SUMFWNEI0
"HMIN TOI$ LOGOI$. 'ERGWI MEN-GAR, "W$ 'EOIKE0, FAIH 'AN4 TI$
"HMA$ 'ANDREIA$ METECEIN, LOGWI D', "W$ 'EGWIMAI, 'OUK 'AN4, 'EI NU*N
"HMWN 'AKOUSEIE DIALEGOMENWN.
LA ^ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
SW ^ TI= 'OUN: DOKEI0 KALON 'EINAI "OUTW$ "HMA$ DIAKEISQAI:
LA ^ 'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN.
SW ^ BOULEI 'OUN "WI LEGOMEN PEIQWMEQA TO GE TOSOUTON:
LA ^ TO POI*ON DH TOUTO, KAI TI=NI TOUTWI:


<P 194A>
SW ^ TW*I LOGWI "O$ KARTEREIN KELEUEI0. 'EI 'OUN BOULEI, KAI
"HMEI$ 'EPI THI ZHTHSEI 'EPIMEINWMEN TE-KAI KARTERHSWMEN, "INA
KAI MH "HMWN 'AUTH "H 'ANDREIA KATAGELASHI6, "OTI4 'OUK 'ANDREIW$
'AUTHN ZHTOUMEN, 'EI 'A=RA POLLAKI$ 'AUTH "H KARTERHSI$ 'ESTIN
'ANDREIA.
LA ^ 'EGW MEN "ETOIMO$, 'W* SWKRATE$, MH PROAFISTASQAI.
KAITOI 'AHQH$ G' 'EIMI TWN TOIOUTWN LOGWN; 'ALLA= TI$ ME KAI
FILONIKIA 'EILHFEN0 PRO$ TA 'EIRHMENA, KAI "W$ 'ALHQW$ 'AGANAKTW0
<P 194B>
'EI "OUTWSI "A NOW0 MH "OIO$-T'-'EIMI 'EIPEIN. NOEIN MEN-GAR
'EMOIGE DOKW0 PERI= 'ANDREIA$ "OTI2 'ESTIN, 'OUK 'OIDA D' "OPHI
ME 'ARTI DIEFUGEN, "WSTE MH SULLABEIN TW*I LOGWI 'AUTHN KAI
'EIPEIN "OTI2 'ESTIN.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N, 'W* FILE, TON 'AGAQON KUNHGETHN METAQEIN
CRH KAI MH 'ANIENAI.
LA ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ BOULEI 'OUN-KAI NIKIAN TONDE PARAKALWMEN 'EPI TO
KUNHGESION, 'EI TI "HMWN 'EUPORWTERO$ 'ESTIN:
<P 194C>
LA ^ BOULOMAI; PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW ^ 'IQI DH, 'W* NIKIA, 'ANDRASI FILOI$ CEIMAZOMENOI$ 'EN
LOGWI KAI 'APOROUSIN4 BOHQHSON2, 'EI TINA 'ECEI$ DUNAMIN. TA
MEN-GAR-DH "HME=TERA "ORA*I$0 "W$ 'APORA; SU D' 'EIPWN "OTI2 "HGHI0
'ANDREIAN 'EINAI, "HMA$ TE TH$ 'APORIA$ 'EKLUSAI2 KAI 'AUTO$ "A
NOEI$ TW*I LOGWI BEBAIWSAI2.
NI ^ DOKEITE0 TOINUN MOI PALAI 'OU KALW$, 'W* SWKRATE$,
"ORIZESQAI THN 'ANDREIAN; "O= GAR 'EGW SOU4 'HDH KALW$ LEGONTO$
'AKHKOA, TOUTWI 'OU CRHSQE0.
SW ^ POI=WI DH, 'W* NIKIA:
<P 194D>
NI ^ POLLAKI$ 'AKHKOA SOU4 LEGONTO$ "OTI4 TAUTA 'AGAQO$
"EKASTO$ "HMWN "APER SOFO$, "A DE 'AMAQH$, TAUTA DE KAKO$.
SW ^ 'ALHQH MENTOI NH DI=A LEGEI$, 'W* NIKIA.
NI ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EIPER "O 'ANDREIO$ 'AGAQO$, DHLON "OTI4 SOFO$
'ESTIN.
SW ^ 'HKOUSA$, 'W* LACH$:
LA ^ 'EGWGE, KAI 'OU SFODRA GE MANQANW0 "O= LEGEI0.
SW ^ 'ALL' 'EGW DOKW0 MANQANEIN, KAI MOI DOKEI0 "ANHR
SOFIAN TINA THN 'ANDREIAN LEGEIN.
LA ^ POI=AN, 'W* SWKRATE$, SOFIAN:
<P 194E>
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N TONDE TOUTO 'ERWTA*I$0:
LA ^ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ 'IQI DH, 'AUTWI 'EIPE=, 'W* NIKIA, POI=A SOFIA 'ANDREIA 'AN4
'EIH KATA TON SON LOGON. 'OU-GAR-POU "H GE 'AULHTIKH.
NI ^ 'OUDAMW$.
SW ^ 'OUDE-MHN "H KIQARISTIKH.
NI ^ 'OU-DHTA.
SW ^ 'ALLA= TI=$ DH "AU=TH 'H= TI=NO$ 'EPISTHMH:
LA ^ PANU MEN-'OUN 'ORQW$ 'AUTON 'ERWTA*I$0, 'W* SWKRATE$,
KAI 'EIPETW GE TI=NA FHSIN 'AUTHN 'EINAI.
NI ^ TAUTHN 'EGWGE, 'W* LACH$, THN TWN DEINWN KAI QARRALEWN


<P 195A>
'EPISTHMHN KAI 'EN POLEMWI KAI 'EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$ "APASIN.
LA ^ "W$ 'ATOPA LEGEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ PRO$ TI= TOUT' 'EIPE$ BLEYA$, 'W* LACH$:
LA ^ PRO$ "OTI2: CWRI$ DHPOU SOFIA 'ESTIN 'ANDREIA$.
SW ^ 'OU=KOUN FHSI GE NIKIA$.
LA ^ 'OU-MENTOI MA DI=A; TAUTA TOI-KAI LHREI0.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N DIDASKWMEN 'AUTON 'ALLA= MH LOIDORWMEN.
NI ^ 'OU=K, 'ALLA= MOI DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, LACH$ 'EPIQUMEIN
'KAME FANHNAI MHDEN LEGONTA, "OTI4 KAI 'AUTO$ 'ARTI TOIOUTO$
<P 195B>
TI$ 'EFANH.
LA ^ PANU MEN-'OUN, 'W* NIKIA, KAI PEIRASOMAI GE 'APOFHNAI0;
'OUDEN GAR LEGEI$. 'EPEI 'AUTIKA 'EN TAI$ NOSOI$ 'OUC "OI 'IATROI
TA DEINA 'EPISTANTAI: 'H= "OI 'ANDREIOI DOKOUSI0 SOI4 'EPISTASQAI:
'H= TOU$ 'IATROU$ SU 'ANDREIOU$ KALEI$0:
NI ^ 'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN.
LA ^ 'OUDE-GE TOU$ GEWRGOU$ 'OIMAI. KAITOI TA GE 'EN
THI GEWRGIA\ DEINA "OUTOI DHPOU 'EPISTANTAI, KAI "OI 'ALLOI
DHMIOURGOI "APANTE$ TA 'EN TAI$ "AUTWN TECNAI$ DEINA TE-KAI
<P 195C>
QARRALEA 'ISASIN; 'ALL' 'OUDEN TI MALLON "OUTOI 'ANDREIOI
'EISIN.
SW ^ TI= DOKEI0 LACH$ LEGEIN, 'W* NIKIA: 'EOIKEN0 MENTOI
LEGEIN TI.
NI ^ KAI-GAR LEGEI0 GE TI, 'OU-MENTOI 'ALHQE$ GE.
SW ^ PW*$ DH:
NI ^ "OTI4 'OIETAI TOU$ 'IATROU$ PLEON TI 'EIDENAI PERI= TOU$
KAMNONTA$ 'H= TO "UGIEINON 'EIPEIN88 "OION88-TE-KAI NOSWDE$. "OI DE-DHPOU
TOSOUTON MONON 'ISASIN; 'EI DE DEINON TWI TOUTO 'ESTIN
TO "UGIAINEIN MALLON 'H= TO KAMNEIN, "HGHI0 SU TOUTI, 'W* LACH$,
TOU$ 'IATROU$ 'EPISTASQAI: 'H= 'OU POLLOI$ 'OIEI 'EK TH$ NOSOU
'AMEINON 'EINAI MH 'ANASTHNAI0 'H= 'ANASTHNAI0: TOUTO GAR 'EIPE=;
<P 195D>
SU PASI FH=I$ 'AMEINON 'EINAI ZHN KAI 'OU POLLOI$ KREITTON
TEQNANAI:
LA ^ 'OIMAI 'EGWGE TOUTO GE.
NI ^ "OI$ 'OUN TEQNANAI LUSITELEI0, 'TAUTA 'OIEI DEINA 'EINAI
KAI "OI$ ZHN:
LA ^ 'OUK 'EGWGE.
NI ^ 'ALLA= TOUTO DH SU DIDW$ TOI$ 'IATROI$ GIGNWSKEIN
'H= 'ALLWI TINI DHMIOURGWI PLHN TW*I TWN DEINWN KAI MH DEINWN
'EPISTHMONI, "ON 'EGW 'ANDREION KALW0:
SW ^ KATANOEI$, 'W* LACH$, "OTI2 LEGEI0:
<P 195E>
LA ^ 'EGWGE, "OTI4 GE TOU$ MANTEI$ KALEI0 TOU$ 'ANDREIOU$;
TI=$ GAR-DH 'ALLO$ 'EISETAI "OTWI 'AMEINON ZHN 'H= TEQNANAI:
KAITOI SU, 'W* NIKIA, POTERON "OMOLOGEI$ MANTI$ 'EINAI 'H= 'OUTE
MANTI$ 'OUTE 'ANDREIO$:
NI ^ TI= DE: MANTEI 'AU 'OIEI PROSHKEI0 TA DEINA GIGNWSKEIN
KAI TA QARRALEA:
LA ^ 'EGWGE; TI=NI GAR 'ALLWI:
NI ^ "WI 'EGW LEGW0 POLU MALLON, 'W* BELTISTE; 'EPEI
MANTIN GE TA SHMEIA MONON DEI GIGNWSKEIN TWN 'ESOMENWN,
'EITE TWI QANATO$ 'EITE NOSO$ 'EITE 'APOBOLH CRHMATWN 'ESTAI,


<P 196A>
'EITE NIKH 'EITE "HTTA 'H= POLEMOU 'H=-KAI 'ALLH$ TINO$ 'AGWNIA$;
"OTI2 DE TWI 'AMEINON TOUTWN 'H= PAQEIN 'H= MH PAQEIN, TI= MALLON
MANTEI PROSHKEI0 KRINAI0 'H= 'ALLWI "OTWIOUN:
LA ^ 'ALL' 'EGW TOUTOU 'OU MANQANW0, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OTI2 BOULETAI
LEGEIN; 'OUTE-GAR MANTIN 'OUTE 'IATRON 'OUTE 'ALLON 'OUDENA
DHLOI0 "ONTINA LEGEI0 TON 'ANDREION, 'EI MH 'EI QEON TINA LEGEI0
'AUTON 'EINAI. 'EMOI4 MEN-'OUN FAINETAI NIKIA$ 'OUK 'EQELEIN
<P 196B>
GENNAIW$ "OMOLOGEIN "OTI4 'OUDEN LEGEI0, 'ALLA= STREFETAI 'ANW
KAI KATW 'EPIKRUPTOMENO$ THN "AUTOU 'APORIAN; KAITOI 'KAN4
"HMEI$ "OIOI-TE-'HMEN 'ARTI 'EGW TE-KAI SU TOIAUTA STREFESQAI,
'EI 'EBOULOMEQA MH DOKEIN 'ENANTIA "HMIN-'AUTOI$ LEGEIN. 'EI
MEN-'OUN 'EN DIKASTHRIWI "HMIN "OI LOGOI 'HSAN, 'EICEN 'AN4 TINA
LOGON TAUTA POIEIN; NU*N DE TI= 'AN4 TI$ 'EN SUNOUSIA\ TOIA\DE
MATHN KENOI$ LOGOI$ 'AUTO$ "AUTON KOSMOI:
<P 196C>
SW ^ 'OUDEN 'OUD' 'EMOI4 DOKEI0, 'W* LACH$; 'ALL' "ORWMEN2 MH
NIKIA$ 'OIETAI TI LEGEIN KAI 'OU LOGOU "ENEKA TAUTA LEGEI0.
'AUTOU4 'OUN SAFESTERON PUQWMEQA TI= POTE NOEI0; KAI 'EA=N TI
FAINHTAI LEGWN, SUGCWRHSOMEQA, 'EI DE MH, DIDAXOMEN.
LA ^ SU TOINUN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EI BOULEI PUNQANESQAI,
PUNQANOU; 'EGW D' 'ISW$ "IKANW$ PEPUSMAI.
SW ^ 'ALL' 'OUDEN ME KWLUEI0; KOINH GAR 'ESTAI "H PUSTI$
"UPER 'EMOU4 TE-KAI SOU4.
LA ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ LEGE DH MOI, 'W* NIKIA?\ MALLON D' "HMIN; KOINOUMEQA
<P 196D>
GAR 'EGW TE-KAI LACH$ TON LOGON % THN 'ANDREIAN 'EPISTHMHN
FH=I$ DEINWN TE-KAI QARRALEWN 'EINAI:
NI ^ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ TOUTO DE 'OU PANTO$ DH 'EINAI 'ANDRO$ GNWNAI0, "OPOTE
GE-MHTE 'IATRO$ MHTE MANTI$ 'AUTO GNWSETAI MHDE 'ANDREIO$
'ESTAI, 'EA=N MH 'AUTHN TAUTHN THN 'EPISTHMHN PROSLABHI6; 'OUC
"OUTW$ 'ELEGE$:
NI ^ "OUTW MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ KATA THN PAROIMIAN 'A=RA TW*I-'ONTI 'OUK 'AN4 PASA "U$
GNOIH 'OUD' 'AN4 'ANDREI=A GENOITO.
NI ^ 'OU MOI DOKEI0.
<P 196E>
SW ^ DHLON DH, 'W* NIKIA, "OTI4 'OUDE THN KROMMUWNIAN "UN
PISTEUEI$ SU GE 'ANDREI=AN GEGONENAI. TOUTO DE LEGW0 'OU
PAIZWN, 'ALL' 'ANAGKAION 'OIMAI TW*I TAUTA LEGONTI MHDENO$
QHRIOU 'APODECESQAI 'ANDREIAN, 'H= SUGCWREIN QHRION TI "OUTW
SOFON 'EINAI, "WSTE "A 'OLIGOI 'ANQRWPWN 'ISASI DIA= TO CALEPA
'EINAI GNWNAI0, TAUTA LEONTA 'H= PARDALIN 'H= TINA KAPRON FANAI0
'EIDENAI; 'ALL' 'ANAGKH "OMOIW$ LEONTA KAI 'ELAFON KAI TAURON
KAI PIQHKON PRO$ 'ANDREIAN FANAI0 PEFUKENAI TON TIQEMENON
'ANDREIAN TOUQ' "OPER SU TIQESAI.


<P 197A>
LA ^ NH TOU$ QEOU$, KAI 'EU GE LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$. KAI
"HMIN "W$ 'ALHQW$ TOUTO 'APOKRINAI2, 'W* NIKIA, POTERON SOFW=TERA
FH=I$ "HMWN TAUTA 'EINAI TA QHRIA, "A PANTE$ "OMOLOGOUMEN
'ANDREI*A 'EINAI, 'H= PASIN 'ENANTIOUMENO$ TOLMA*I$0 MHDE 'ANDREI*A
'AUTA KALEIN0:
NI ^ 'OU-GAR TI, 'W* LACH$, 'EGWGE 'ANDREI*A KALW0 'OUTE QHRIA
'OUTE 'ALLO 'OUDEN TO TA DEINA "UPO 'ANOIA$ MH FOBOUMENON,
'ALL' 'AFOBON KAI MWRON; 'H=-KAI TA PAIDIA PANTA 'OIEI ME
<P 197B>
'ANDREI*A KALEIN0, "A DI' 'ANOIAN 'OUDEN DEDOIKEN0: 'ALL' 'OIMAI TO
'AFOBON KAI TO 'ANDREION 'OU 'TAUTON 'ESTIN. 'EGW DE 'ANDREIA$
MEN-KAI PROMHQIA$ PANU TISIN 'OLIGOI$ 'OIMAI METEINAI, QRASUTHTO$
DE-KAI TOLMH$ KAI TOU* 'AFOBOU META 'APROMHQIA$
PANU POLLOI$ KAI 'ANDRWN KAI GUNAIKWN KAI PAIDWN KAI
QHRIWN. TAUT' 'OUN "A SU KALEI$0 'ANDREI*A KAI "OI POLLOI, 'EGW
<P 197C>
QRASEA KALW0, 'ANDREI*A DE TA FRONIMA PERI= "WN LEGW0.
LA ^ QEASAI, 'W* SWKRATE$, "W$ 'EU "ODE "EAUTON DH, "W$
'OIETAI, KOSMEI0 TW*I LOGWI; "OU$ DE PANTE$ "OMOLOGOUSIN0 'ANDREIOU$
'EINAI, TOUTOU$ 'APOSTEREIN 'EPICEIREI0 TAUTH$ TH$ TIMH$.
NI ^ 'OU=KOUN SE GE, 'W* LACH$, 'ALLA= QARREI5; FHMI GAR
SE 'EINAI SOFON, KAI LAMACON GE, 'EIPER 'ESTE0 'ANDREIOI, KAI
'ALLOU$ GE SUCNOU$ 'AQHNAIWN.
LA ^ 'OUDEN 'ERW2 PRO$ TAUTA, 'ECWN 'EIPEIN, "INA MH ME FH*I$
"W$ 'ALHQW$ 'AIXWNEA 'EINAI.
<P 197D>
SW ^ MHDE-GE 'EIPHI$, 'W* LACH$; KAI-GAR MOI DOKEI$ 'OUDE
'HISQHSQAI "OTI4 TAUTHN THN SOFIAN PARA DAMWNO$ TOU* "HMETEROU
"ETAIROU PAREILHFEN0, "O DE DAMWN TW*I PRODIKWI POLLA
PLHSIAZEI0, "O$ DH DOKEI0 TWN SOFISTWN KALLISTA TA TOIAUTA
'ONOMATA DIAIREIN.
LA ^ KAI-GAR PREPEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, SOFISTHI TA TOIAUTA
MALLON KOMYEUESQAI 'H= 'ANDRI "ON "H POLI$ 'AXIOI0 "AUTH$
PROESTANAI0.
<P 197E>
SW ^ PREPEI0 MEN-POU, 'W* MAKARIE, TWN MEGISTWN PROSTATOUNTI
MEGISTH$ FRONHSEW$ METECEIN; DOKEI0 DE MOI NIKIA$
'AXIO$ 'EINAI 'EPISKEYEW$, "OPOI POTE BLEPWN 'TOUNOMA TOUTO
TIQHSI THN 'ANDREIAN.
LA ^ 'AUTO$ TOINUN SKOPEI5, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ TOUTO MELLW0 POIEIN, 'W* 'ARISTE; MH-MENTOI 'OIOU ME
'AFHSEIN SE TH$ KOINWNIA$ TOU* LOGOU, 'ALLA= PROSECE TON
NOUN KAI SUSKOPEI5 TA LEGOMENA.
LA ^ TAUTA DH 'ESTW, 'EI DOKEI0 CRHNAI0.
SW ^ 'ALLA= DOKEI0. SU DE, NIKIA, LEGE "HMIN PALIN 'EX


<P 198A>
'ARCH$; 'OISQ' "OTI4 THN 'ANDREIAN KAT' 'ARCA$ TOU* LOGOU 'ESKOPOUMEN
"W$ MERO$ 'ARETH$ SKOPOUNTE$:
NI ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI SU TOUTO 'APEKRINW "W$ MORION, 'ONTWN0
DH-KAI 'ALLWN MERWN "A SUMPANTA 'ARETH KEKLHTAI:
NI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN "APER 'EGW KAI SU TAUTA LEGEI$: 'EGW DE
KALW0 PRO$ 'ANDREIA\ SWFROSUNHN KAI DIKAIOSUNHN KAI 'A=LL'
'ATTA TOIAUTA. 'OU-KAI SU:
<P 198B>
NI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ 'ECE DH. TAUTA MEN-GAR "OMOLOGOUMEN, PERI= DE TWN
DEINWN KAI QARRALEWN SKEYWMEQA, "OPW$ MH SU MEN 'A=LL'
'ATTA "HGHI0, "HMEI$ DE 'A=LLA. "A MEN-'OUN "HMEI$ "HGOUMEQA, FRASOMEN
SOI4; SU DE 'AN2 MH "OMOLOGHI$, DIDAXEI$. "HGOUMEQA D'
"HMEI$ DEINA MEN 'EINAI "A KAI DEO$ PARECEI0, QARRALEA DE "A MH
DEO$ PARECEI0 % DEO$ DE PARECEI0 'OU TA GEGONOTA 'OUDE TA
PARONTA TWN KAKWN, 'ALLA= TA PROSDOKWMENA; DEO$ GAR 'EINAI
PROSDOKIAN MELLONTO$ KAKOU % 'H= 'OUC "OUTW KAI SUNDOKEI0, 'W*
LACH$:
<P 198C>
LA ^ PANU GE SFODRA, 'W* SWKRATE$;
SW ^ TA MEN "HME=TERA TOINUN, 'W* NIKIA, 'AKOUEI$, "OTI4 DEINA
MEN TA MELLONTA KAKA FAMEN 'EINAI, QARRALEA DE TA MH KAKA
'H= 'AGAQA MELLONTA; SU DE TAUTHI 'H= 'ALLHI PERI= TOUTWN LEGEI$:
NI ^ TAUTHI 'EGWGE.
SW ^ TOUTWN DE-GE THN 'EPISTHMHN 'ANDREIAN
PROSAGOREUEI$:
NI ^ KOMIDHI GE.
SW ^ 'ETI DH TO TRITON SKEYWMEQA 'EI SUNDOKEI0 SOI4 TE-KAI
"HMIN.
NI ^ TO POI*ON DH TOUTO:
<P 198D>
SW ^ 'EGW DH FRASW2. DOKEI0 GAR-DH 'EMOI4 TE-KAI TWIDE,
PERI= "OSWN 'ESTIN 'EPISTHMH, 'OUK 'ALLH MEN 'EINAI PERI= GEGONOTO$
'EIDENAI "OPHI GEGONEN0, 'ALLH DE PERI= GIGNOMENWN "OPHI
GIGNETAI, 'ALLH DE "OPHI 'AN4 KALLISTA GENOITO KAI GENHSETAI
TO MHPW GEGONO$, 'ALL' "H 'AUTH. "OION PERI= TO "UGIEINON 'EI$
"APANTA$ TOU$ CRONOU$ 'OUK 'ALLH TI$ 'H= 'IATRIKH, MIA 'OUSA,
'EFORA*I0 KAI GIGNOMENA KAI GEGONOTA KAI GENHSOMENA "OPHI
<P 198E>
GENHSETAI; KAI PERI= TA 'EK TH$ GH$ 'AU FUOMENA "H GEWRGIA
"WSAUTW$ 'ECEI0; KAI-DHPOU TA PERI= TON POLEMON 'AUTOI 'AN4
MARTURHSAITE "OTI4 "H STRATHGIA KALLISTA PROMHQEITAI TA
TE 'A=LLA KAI PERI= TO MELLON 'ESESQAI, 'OUDE THI MANTIKHI
'OIETAI DEIN "UPHRETEIN 'ALLA= 'ARCEIN, "W$ 'EIDUIA KALLION


<P 199A>
TA PERI= TON POLEMON KAI GIGNOMENA KAI GENHSOMENA; KAI
"O NOMO$ "OUTW TATTEI0, MH TON MANTIN TOU* STRATHGOU 'ARCEIN,
'ALLA= TON STRATHGON TOU* MANTEW$. FHSOMEN TAUTA, 'W*
LACH$.
LA ^ FHSOMEN.
SW ^ TI= DE: SU "HMIN, 'W* NIKIA, SU=MFHI$ PERI= TWN 'AUTWN
THN 'AUTHN 'EPISTHMHN KAI 'ESOMENWN KAI GIGNOMENWN KAI
GEGONOTWN 'EPAIEIN:
NI ^ 'EGWGE; DOKEI0 GAR MOI "OUTW$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N, 'W* 'ARISTE, KAI "H 'ANDREIA TWN DEINWN 'EPISTHMH
<P 199B>
'ESTIN KAI QARRALEWN, "W$ FH=I$; 'H*-GAR:
NI ^ NAI.
SW ^ TA DE DEINA "WMOLOGHTAI KAI TA QARRALEA TA MEN
MELLONTA 'AGAQA, TA DE MELLONTA KAKA 'EINAI.
NI ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ "H DE-G' 'AUTH 'EPISTHMH TWN 'AUTWN KAI MELLONTWN0
KAI PANTW$ 'ECONTWN0 'EINAI.
NI ^ 'ESTI TAUTA.
SW ^ 'OU MONON 'A=RA TWN DEINWN KAI QARRALEWN "H 'ANDREIA
'EPISTHMH 'ESTIN; 'OU-GAR MELLONTWN0 MONON PE=RI TWN 'AGAQWN
TE-KAI KAKWN 'EPAIEI0, 'ALLA= KAI GIGNOMENWN KAI GEGONOTWN
<P 199C>
KAI PANTW$ 'ECONTWN0, "WSPER "AI 'ALLAI 'EPISTHMAI.
NI ^ 'EOIKEN0 GE.
SW ^ MERO$ 'A=RA 'ANDREIA$ "HMIN, 'W* NIKIA, 'APEKRINW SCEDON
TI TRITON; KAITOI "HMEI$ 'HRWTWMEN "OLHN 'ANDREIAN "OTI2 'EIH. KAI
NU*N DH, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, KATA TON SON LOGON 'OU MONON DEINWN TE-KAI
QARRALEWN 'EPISTHMH "H 'ANDREIA 'ESTIN, 'ALLA= SCEDON TI "H
PERI= PANTWN 'AGAQWN TE-KAI KAKWN KAI PANTW$ 'ECONTWN0, "W$
<P 199D>
NU*N 'AU "O SO$ LOGO$, 'ANDREIA 'AN4 'EIH. "OUTW$ 'AU METATIQESQAI
'H= PW*$ LEGEI$, 'W* NIKIA:
NI ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ DOKEI0 'OUN SOI4, 'W* DAIMONIE, 'APOLEIPEIN 'AN4 TI "O TOIOUTO$
'ARETH$, 'EIPER 'EIDEIH TA TE 'AGAQA PANTA KAI PANTAPASIN
"W$ GIGNETAI KAI GENHSETAI KAI GEGONE0, KAI TA KAKA
"WSAUTW$: KAI TOUTON 'OIEI 'AN4 SU 'ENDEA 'EINAI SWFROSUNH$ 'H=
DIKAIOSUNH$ TE-KAI "OSIOTHTO$, "WI GE MONWI PROSHKEI0 KAI PERI=
QEOU$ KAI PERI= 'ANQRWPOU$ 'EXEULABEISQAI TE TA DEINA KAI TA
<P 199E>
MH, KAI 'TAGAQA PORIZESQAI, 'EPISTAMENWI 'ORQW$ PROSOMILEIN:
NI ^ LEGEIN TI 'W* SWKRATE$ MOI DOKEI$.
SW ^ 'OUK-'A=RA, 'W* NIKIA, MORION 'ARETH$ 'AN4 'EIH TO NU*N SOI4
LEGOMENON, 'ALLA= SUMPASA 'ARETH.
NI ^ 'EOIKEN0.
SW ^ KAI-MHN 'EFAMEN GE THN 'ANDREIAN MORION 'EINAI "EN
TWN TH$ 'ARETH$.
NI ^ 'EFAMEN GAR.
SW ^ TO DE-GE NU*N LEGOMENON 'OU FAINETAI.
NI ^ 'OUK 'EOIKEN0.
SW ^ 'OUK-'A=RA "HURHKAMEN, 'W* NIKIA, 'ANDREIA "OTI2 'ESTIN.
NI ^ 'OU FAINOMEQA.
LA ^ KAI-MHN 'EGWGE, 'W* FILE NIKIA, 'WIMHN SE "EURHSEIN,


<P 200A>
'EPEIDH 'EMOU4 KATEFRONHSA$ SWKRATEI 'APOKRINAMENOU; PANU
DH MEGALHN 'ELPIDA 'EICON, "W$ THI PARA TOU* DAMWNO$ SOFIA\
'AUTHN 'ANEURHSEI$.
NI ^ 'EU GE, 'W* LACH$, "OTI4 'OUDEN 'OIEI SU 'ETI PRAGMA 'EINAI
"OTI4 'AUTO$ 'ARTI 'EFANH$ 'ANDREIA$ PE=RI 'OUDEN 'EIDW$, 'ALL' 'EI
KAI 'EGW "ETERO$ TOIOUTO$ 'ANAFANHSOMAI, PRO$ TOUTO BLEPEI$,
KAI 'OUDEN 'ETI DIOISEI2, "W$ 'EOIKE0, SOI4 MET' 'EMOU4 MHDEN 'EIDENAI
"WN PROSHKEI0 'EPISTHMHN 'ECEIN 'ANDRI 'OIOMENWI TI 'EINAI. SU
<P 200B>
MEN-'OUN MOI DOKEI$ "W$ 'ALHQW$ 'ANQRWPEION PRAGMA 'ERGAZESQAI
'OUDE PRO$ SAUTON BLEPEIN 'ALLA= PRO$ TOU$ 'ALLOU$; 'EGW D'
'OIMAI 'EMOI4 PERI= "WN 'ELEGOMEN NU*N TE 'EPIEIKW$ 'EIRHSQAI, KAI
'EI TI 'AUTWN MH "IKANW$ 'EIRHTAI, "USTERON 'EPANORQWSESQAI KAI
META DAMWNO$ % "OU SU POU 'OIEI KATAGELAN, KAI TAUTA 'OUD'
'IDWN PWPOTE TON DAMWNA % KAI MET' 'ALLWN; KAI 'EPEIDAN
BEBAIWSWMAI 'AUTA, DIDAXW2 KAI SE, KAI 'OU FQONHSW2; DOKEI$
<P 200C>
GAR MOI KAI MALA SFODRA DEISQAI MAQEIN.
LA ^ SOFO$ GAR-TOI SU 'EI*, 'W* NIKIA. 'ALL' "OMW$ 'EGW
LUSIMACWI TWIDE KAI MELHSIA\ SUMBOULEUW0 SE MEN KAI 'EME
PERI= TH$ PAIDEIA$ TWN NEANISKWN CAIREIN 'EA*N, SWKRATH DE
TOUTONI, "OPER 'EX 'ARCH$ 'ELEGON, MH 'AFIENAI; 'EI DE-KAI 'EMOI4
'EN "HLIKIA\ 'HSAN "OI PAIDE$, 'TAUTA 'AN4 TAUT' 'EPOIOUN.
NI ^ TAUTA MEN 'KAGW SUGCWRW0; 'EANPER 'EQELHI5 SWKRATH$
TWN MEIRAKIWN 'EPIMELEISQAI, MHDENA 'ALLON ZHTEIN. 'EPEI 'KAN4
<P 200D>
'EGW TON NIKHRATON TOUTWI "HDISTA 'EPITREPOIMI, 'EI 'EQELOI
"OUTO$; 'ALLA=-GAR 'ALLOU$ MOI "EKASTOTE SUNISTHSIN, "OTAN TI
'AUTWI PERI= TOUTOU MNHSQW, 'AUTO$ DE 'OUK 'EQELEI0. 'ALL' "ORA, 'W*
LUSIMACE, 'EI TI SOU4 'AN4 MALLON "UPAKOUOI SWKRATH$.
LU ^ DIKAION GE-TOI, 'W* NIKIA, 'EPEI KAI 'EGW TOUTWI POLLA
'AN4 'EQELHSAIMI POIEIN, "A 'OUK 'AN4 'ALLOI$ PANU POLLOI$ 'EQELOIMI.
PW*$ 'OUN FH=I$, 'W* SWKRATE$: "UPAKOUSHI2 TI KAI SUMPROQUMHSHI2
"W$ BELTISTOI$ GENESQAI TOI$ MEIRAKIOI$:
<P 200E>
SW ^ KAI-GAR 'AN4 DEINON 'EIH, 'W* LUSIMACE, TOUTO GE, MH
'EQELEIN TWI SUMPROQUMEISQAI "W$ BELTISTWI GENESQAI. 'EI MEN-'OUN
'EN TOI$ DIALOGOI$ TOI$ 'ARTI 'EGW MEN 'EFANHN 'EIDW$, TWDE
DE MH 'EIDOTE, DIKAION 'AN4 'H*N 'EME MALISTA 'EPI TOUTO TO 'ERGON
PARAKALEIN0, NU*N D' "OMOIW$ GAR PANTE$ 'EN 'APORIA\ 'EGENOMEQA;
TI= 'OUN 'AN4 TI$ "HMWN TI=NA PROAIROITO: 'EMOI4 MEN-'OUN-DH 'AUTWI


<P 201A>
DOKEI0 'OUDENA; 'ALL' 'EPEIDH TAUTA "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, SKEYASQE 'AN2
TI DOXW4 SUMBOULEUEIN "UMIN. 'EGW GAR FHMI CRHNAI0, 'W* 'ANDRE$ %
'OUDEI$ GAR 'EKFORO$ LOGO$ % KOINHI PANTA$ "HMA$ ZHTEIN
MALISTA MEN "HMIN-'AUTOI$ DIDASKALON "W$ 'ARISTON % DEOMEQA
GAR % 'EPEITA KAI TOI$ MEIRAKIOI$, MHTE CRHMATWN FEIDOMENOU$
MHTE 'ALLOU MHDENO$; 'EA*N DE "HMA$-'AUTOU$ 'ECEIN "W$ NU*N 'ECOMEN
'OU SUMBOULEUW0. 'EI DE TI$ "HMWN KATAGELASETAI, "OTI4
<P 201B>
THLIKOIDE 'ONTE$ 'EI$ DIDASKALWN 'AXIOUMEN FOITAN, TON "OMHRON
DOKEI0 MOI CRHNAI0 PROBALLESQAI, "O$ 'EFH 'OUK9 'AGAQHN9 'EINAI
'AIDW9 KECRHMENWI9 'ANDRI9 PAREINAI9. KAI "HMEI$ 'OUN 'EASANTE$
CAIREIN 'EI TI$ TI 'EREI2, KOINHI "HMWN-'AUTWN KAI TWN
MEIRAKIWN 'EPIMELEIAN POIHSWMEQA.
LU ^ 'EMOI4 MEN 'ARESKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, "A LEGEI$; KAI 'EQELW0,
"OSWIPER GERAITATO$ 'EIMI, TOSOUTWI PROQUMOTATA MANQANEIN
META TWN NEANISKWN. 'ALLA= MOI "OUTWSI POIHSON2; 'AURION
<P 201C>
"EWQEN 'AFIKOU 'OIKADE KAI MH 'ALLW$ POIHSHI$, "INA BOULEUSWMEQA
PERI= 'AUTWN TOUTWN, TO DE NU*N 'EINAI THN SUNOUSIAN
DIALUSWMEN.
SW ^ 'ALLA= POIHSW2, 'W* LUSIMACE, TAUTA, KAI "HXW2 PARA
SE 'AURION, 'EA=N QEO$ 'EQELHI5.


<B PRWT>


<P 309A>
ET _ PO=QEN, 'W* SWKRATE$, FAINHI0: 'H= DHLA DH "OTI4 'APO
KUNHGESIOU TOU* PERI= THN 'ALKIBIADOU "WRAN: KAI-MHN MOI
KAI PRWIHN 'IDONTI KALO$ MEN 'EFAINETO 'ANHR 'ETI, 'ANHR MENTOI,
'W* SWKRATE$, "W$ G' 'EN 'AUTOI$-"HMIN 'EIRHSQAI, KAI PWGWNO$
'HDH "UPOPIMPLAMENO$.
SW _ 'EITA TI= TOUTO: 'OU SU MENTOI "OMHROU 'EPAINETH$ 'EI*,
<P 309B>
"O$ 'EFH CARIESTATHN "HBHN 'EINAI TOU* PRWTON7 "UPHNHTOU, "HN
NU*N 'ALKIBIADH$ 'ECEI0:
ET _ TI= 'OUN TA NU*N: 'H* PAR' 'EKEINOU FAINHI0: KAI PW*$
PRO$ SE "O NEANIA$ DIAKEITAI:
SW _ 'EU, 'EMOIGE 'EDOXEN, 'OUC "HKISTA DE-KAI THI NU*N "HMERA\;
KAI-GAR POLLA "UPER 'EMOU4 'EI*PE BOHQWN 'EMOI4, KAI-'OUN-KAI
'ARTI 'AP' 'EKEINOU 'ERCOMAI. 'ATOPON MENTOI TI SOI4 'EQELW0
'EIPEIN; PARONTO$ GAR 'EKEINOU, 'OUTE PROSEICON TON NOUN,
'EPELANQANOMHN TE 'AUTOU4 QAMA.
<P 309C>
ET _ KAI TI= 'AN4 GEGONO$-'EIH PERI= SE 'KAKEINON TOSOUTON
PRAGMA: 'OU-GAR-DHPOU TINI KALLIONI 'ENETUCE$ 'ALLWI 'EN GE
THIDE THI POLEI.
SW _ KAI POLU GE.
ET _ TI= FH=I$: 'ASTWI 'H= XENWI:
SW _ XENWI.
ET _ PODAPWI:
SW _ 'ABDHRITHI.
ET _ KAI "OUTW KALO$ TI$ "O XENO$ 'EDOXEN SOI4 'EINAI, "WSTE
TOU* KLEINIOU "UEO$ KALLIWN SOI4 FANHNAI:
SW _ PW*$ D' 'OU MELLEI0, 'W* MAKARIE, TO SOFWTATON KALLION
FAINESQAI:
ET _ 'ALL'-'H* SOFWI TINI "HMIN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ENTUCWN PAREI:
<P 309D>
SW _ SOFWTATWI MEN-'OUN-DHPOU TWN GE NU*N, 'EI SOI4 DOKEI0
SOFWTATO$ 'EINAI PRWTAGORA$.
ET _ 'W= TI= LEGEI$: PRWTAGORA$ 'EPIDEDHMHKEN0:
SW _ TRITHN GE 'HDH "HMERAN.
ET _ KAI 'ARTI 'A=RA 'EKEINWI SUGGEGONW$ "HKEI$:


<P 310A>
SW _ PANU GE, POLLA KAI 'EIPWN KAI 'AKOUSA$.
ET _ TI= 'OUN 'OU DIHGHSW "HMIN THN SUNOUSIAN, 'EI MH SE
TI KWLUEI0, KAQEZOMENO$ 'ENTAUQI, 'EXANASTHSA$ TON PAIDA
TOUTONI:
SW _ PANU MEN-'OUN; KAI CARIN GE 'EISOMAI, 'EA=N 'AKOUHTE.
ET _ KAI-MHN-KAI "HMEI$ SOI4, 'EA=N LEGHI$.
SW _ DIPLH 'AN4 'EIH "H CARI$. 'ALL'-'OUN 'AKOUETE3.
TH$ GAR PARELQOUSH$ NUKTO$ TAUTHSI, 'ETI BAQEO$ 'ORQROU,
"IPPOKRATH$, "O 'APOLLODWROU "UO$ FASWNO$ DE 'ADELFO$, THN
<P 310B>
QURAN THI BAKTHRIA\ PANU SFODRA 'EKROUE, KAI 'EPEIDH 'AUTWI
'ANEWIXE TI$ 'EUQU$ 'EISW 'HIEI 'EPEIGOMENO$, KAI THI FWNHI MEGA
LEGWN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EFH, 'EGRHGORA$ 'H= KAQEUDEI$:
KAI 'EGW THN FWNHN GNOU$ 'AUTOU4, "IPPOKRATH$, 'EFHN,
"OUTO$; MH TI NEWTERON 'AGGELLEI$: 'OUDEN G', 'H*-D'-"O$,
'EI MH 'AGAQA GE. 'EU 'AN4 LEGOI$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; 'ESTI DE
TI=, KAI TOU*2 "ENEKA THNIKADE 'AFIKOU: PRWTAGORA$, 'EFH,
"HKEI, STA$ PAR' 'EMOI4. PRWIHN, 'EFHN 'EGW; SU DE
'ARTI PEPUSAI: NH TOU$ QEOU$, 'EFH, "ESPERA$ GE.
<P 310C>
KAI "AMA 'EPIYHLAFHSA$ TOU* SKIMPODO$ 'EKAQEZETO PARA TOU$
PODA$ MOU, KAI 'EI*PEN; "ESPERA$ DHTA, MALA GE 'OYE 'AFIKOMENO$
'EX 'OINOH$. "O GAR-TOI PAI$ ME "O SATURO$ 'APEDRA;
KAI-DHTA MELLWN SOI4 FRAZEIN "OTI4 DIWXOIMHN 'AUTON, "UPO TINO$
'ALLOU 'EPELAQOMHN. 'EPEIDH DE 'HLQON KAI DEDEIPNHKOTE$ 'HMEN
KAI 'EMELLOMEN 'ANAPAUESQAI, TO=TE MOI "ADELFO$ LEGEI0 "OTI4
"HKEI PRWTAGORA$. KAI 'ETI MEN 'ENECEIRHSA 'EUQU$ PARA SE
'IENAI, 'EPEITA MOI LIAN PORRW 'EDOXE TWN NUKTWN 'EINAI; 'EPEIDH
<P 310D>
DE TACISTA ME 'EK TOU* KOPOU "O "UPNO$ 'ANHKEN, 'EUQU$ 'ANASTA$
"OUTW DEURO 'EPOREUOMHN. KAI 'EGW GIGNWSKWN 'AUTOU4 THN
'ANDREIAN KAI THN PTOIHSIN, TI= 'OUN SOI4: 'H*N-D'-'EGW,
TOUTO: MWN TI SE 'ADIKEI0 PRWTAGORA$: KAI "O$ GELASA$,
NH TOU$ QEOU$, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OTI4 GE MONO$ 'ESTI
SOFO$, 'EME DE 'OU POIEI0. 'ALLA= NAI MA DI=A, 'EFHN 'EGW,
'AN2 'AUTWI DIDWI$ 'ARGURION KAI PEIQHI$ 'EKEINON, POIHSEI2 KAI
SE SOFON. 'EI-GAR, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'W* ZEU KAI QEOI, 'EN
<P 310E>
TOUTWI 'EIH; "W$ 'OUT' 'AN4 TWN 'EMWN 'EPILIPOIMI 'OUDEN 'OUTE TWN
FILWN; 'ALL' 'AUTA TAUTA KAI NU*N "HKW0 PARA SE, "INA "UPER
'EMOU4 DIALECQHI$ 'AUTWI. 'EGW GAR "AMA MEN KAI NEWTERO$ 'EIMI,
"AMA DE-'OUDE "EWRAKA PRWTAGORAN PWPOTE 'OUD' 'AKHKOA 'OUDEN;
'ETI GAR PAI$ 'H*2 "OTE TO PROTERON 'EPEDHMHSE. 'ALLA=-GAR, 'W*
SWKRATE$, PANTE$ TON 'ANDRA 'EPAINOUSIN0 KAI FASIN0 SOFWTATON
'EINAI LEGEIN; 'ALLA= TI= 'OU BADIZOMEN PAR' 'AUTON, "INA


<P 311A>
'ENDON KATALABWMEN: KATALUEI0 D', "W$ 'EGW 'HKOUSA, PARA
KALLIA\ TW*I "IPPONIKOU; 'ALL' 'IWMEN. KAI 'EGW 'EIPON;
MHPW, 'AGAQE, 'EKEISE 'IWMEN % PRWI GAR 'ESTIN % 'ALLA= DEURO
'EXANASTWMEN 'EI$ THN 'AULHN, KAI PERIIONTE$ 'AUTOU2 DIATRIYWMEN
"EW$ 'AN4 FW$ GENHTAI; 'EITA 'IWMEN. KAI-GAR TA POLLA
PRWTAGORA$ 'ENDON DIATRIBEI0, "WSTE, QARREI5, KATALHYOMEQA
'AUTON, "W$ TO 'EIKO$, 'ENDON.
META TAUTA 'ANASTANTE$ 'EI$ THN 'AULHN PERIHIMEN; KAI 'EGW
<P 311B>
'APOPEIRWMENO$ TOU* "IPPOKRATOU$ TH$ "RWMH$ DIESKOPOUN 'AUTON
KAI 'HRWTWN, 'EIPE= MOI, 'EFHN 'EGW, 'W* "IPPOKRATE$, PARA
PRWTAGORAN NU*N 'EPICEIREI$ 'IENAI, 'ARGURION TELWN2 'EKEINWI
MISQON "UPER SEAUTOU, "W$ PARA TI=NA 'AFIXOMENO$ KAI TI=$
GENHSOMENO$: "WSPER 'AN4 'EI 'EPENOEI$ PARA TON SAUTOU "OMWNUMON
'ELQWN "IPPOKRATH TON KWION, TON TWN 'ASKLHPIADWN,
'ARGURION TELEIN4 "UPER SAUTOU MISQON 'EKEINWI, 'EI TI$ SE 'HRETO;
'EIPE= MOI, MELLEI$ TELEIN4, 'W* "IPPOKRATE$, "IPPOKRATEI
<P 311C>
MISQON "W$ TI=NI 'ONTI: TI= 'AN4 'APEKRINW: 'EIPON 'AN4, 'EFH,
"OTI4 "W$ 'IATRWI. "W$ TI=$ GENHSOMENO$: "W$ 'IATRO$, 'EFH.
'EI DE PARA POLUKLEITON TON 'ARGEION 'H= FEIDIAN TON 'AQHNAION
'EPENOEI$ 'AFIKOMENO$ MISQON "UPER SAUTOU TELEIN4 'EKEINOI$,
'EI TI$ SE 'HRETO; TELEIN4 TOUTO TO 'ARGURION "W$ TI=NI
'ONTI 'EN NWI 'ECEI$ POLUKLEITWI TE-KAI FEIDIA\: TI= 'AN4 'APEKRINW:
'EIPON 'AN4 "W$ 'AGALMATOPOIOI$. "W$ TI=$ DE GENHSOMENO$
'AUTO$: DHLON "OTI4 'AGALMATOPOIO$. 'EIEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW;
<P 311D>
PARA DE-DH PRWTAGORAN NU*N 'AFIKOMENOI 'EGW TE-KAI SU
'ARGURION 'EKEINWI MISQON "ETOIMOI 'ESOMEQA TELEIN0 "UPER SOU4,
'AN2 MEN 'EXIKNHTAI TA "HME=TERA CRHMATA KAI TOUTOI$ PEIQWMEN
'AUTON, 'EI DE MH, KAI TA TWN FILWN PROSANALISKONTE$. 'EI
'OUN TI$ "HMA$ PERI= TAUTA "OUTW SFODRA SPOUDAZONTA$ 'EROITO;
'EIPE= MOI, 'W* SWKRATE$ TE-KAI "IPPOKRATE$, "W$ TI=NI 'ONTI
TW*I PRWTAGORA\ 'EN NWI 'ECETE0 CRHMATA TELEIN4: TI= 'AN4 'AUTWI
<P 311E>
'APOKRINAIMEQA: TI= 'ONOMA 'ALLO GE LEGOMENON PERI= PRWTAGOROU
'AKOUOMEN: "WSPER PERI= FEIDIOU 'AGALMATOPOION KAI
PERI= "OMHROU POIHTHN, TI= TOIOUTON PERI= PRWTAGOROU 'AKOUOMEN:
SOFISTHN DH-TOI 'ONOMAZOUSI0 GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, TON
'ANDRA 'EINAI, 'EFH. "W$ SOFISTHI 'A=RA 'ERCOMEQA TELOUNTE$2 TA
CRHMATA: MALISTA. 'EI 'OUN-KAI TOUTO TI$ SE PROSEROITO;


<P 312A>
'AUTO$ DE-DH "W$ TI=$ GENHSOMENO$ 'ERCHI0 PARA TON PRWTAGORAN:
KAI "O$ 'EI*PEN 'ERUQRIASA$ % 'HDH GAR "UPEFAINEN TI
"HMERA$, "WSTE KATAFANH 'AUTON GENESQAI % 'EI MEN TI TOI$
'EMPROSQEN 'EOIKEN0, DHLON "OTI4 SOFISTH$ GENHSOMENO$. SU DE,
'H*N-D'-'EGW, PRO$ QEWN, 'OUK 'AN4 'AISCUNOIO 'EI$ TOU$ "ELLHNA$
SAUTON SOFISTHN PARECWN: NH TON DI=A, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EIPER
GE "A DIANOOUMAI CRH LEGEIN. 'ALL'-'A=RA, 'W* "IPPOKRATE$, MH
'OU TOIAUTHN "UPOLAMBANEI$ SOU4 THN PARA PRWTAGOROU MAQHSIN
<P 312B>
'ESESQAI, 'ALL' "OIAPER "H PARA TOU* GRAMMATISTOU 'EGENETO
KAI KIQARISTOU KAI PAIDOTRIBOU: TOUTWN GAR SU "EKASTHN
'OUK 'EPI TECNHI 'EMAQE$, "W$ DHMIOURGO$ 'ESOMENO$, 'ALL' 'EPI
PAIDEIA\ "W$ TON 'IDIWTHN KAI TON 'ELEUQERON PREPEI0. PANU
MEN-'OUN MOI DOKEI0, 'EFH, TOIAUTH MALLON 'EINAI "H PARA
PRWTAGOROU MAQHSI$.
'OISQA 'OUN "O= MELLEI$ NU*N PRATTEIN, 'H= SE LANQANEI0: 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
TOU*2 PE=RI: "OTI4 MELLEI$ THN YUCHN THN SAUTOU PARASCEIN
<P 312C>
QERAPEUSAI0 'ANDRI, "W$ FH=I$, SOFISTHI; "OTI2 DE POTE "O SOFISTH$
'ESTIN, QAUMAZOIM' 'AN4 'EI 'OISQA. KAITOI 'EI TOUT' 'AGNOEI$,
'OUDE "OTWI PARADIDW$ THN YUCHN 'OISQA, 'OUT' 'EI 'AGAQWI 'OUT' 'EI
KAKWI PRAGMATI. 'OIMAI G', 'EFH, 'EIDENAI. LEGE DH, TI= "HGHI0
'EINAI TON SOFISTHN: 'EGW MEN, 'H*-D'-"O$, "WSPER 'TOUNOMA LEGEI0,
TOUTON 'EINAI TON TWN SOFWN 'EPISTHMONA. 'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW,
TOUTO MEN 'EXESTI LEGEIN KAI PERI= ZWGRAFWN KAI PERI=
TEKTONWN, "OTI4 "OUTOI 'EISIN "OI TWN SOFWN 'EPISTHMONE$; 'ALL'
<P 312D>
'EI TI$ 'EROITO "HMA$, TWN TI= SOFWN 'EISIN "OI ZWGRAFOI 'EPISTHMONE$,
'EIPOIMEN 'AN4 POU 'AUTWI "OTI4 TWN PRO$ THN 'APERGASIAN
THN TWN 'EIKONWN, KAI 'TALLA "OUTW$. 'EI DE TI$ 'EKEINO
'EROITO, "O DE SOFISTH$ TWN TI= SOFWN 'ESTIN: TI= 'AN4
'APOKRINOIMEQA 'AUTWI: POIA$ 'ERGASIA$ 'EPISTATH$: TI= 'AN4
'EIPOIMEN 'AUTON 'EINAI, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'H= 'EPISTATHN TOU* POIHSAI0
DEINON LEGEIN: 'ISW$ 'AN4, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ALHQH LEGOIMEN, 'OU-MENTOI
"IKANW$ GE; 'ERWTHSEW$ GAR 'ETI "H 'APOKRISI$ "HMIN DEITAI,
PERI= "OTOU "O SOFISTH$ DEINON POIEI0 LEGEIN; "WSPER "O KIQARISTH$
<P 312E>
DEINON DHPOU POIEI0 LEGEIN PERI= "OUPER KAI 'EPISTHMONA,
PERI= KIQARISEW$; 'H*-GAR: NAI. 'EIEN; "O DE-DH SOFISTH$
PERI= TI=NO$ DEINON POIEI0 LEGEIN: DHLON "OTI4 PERI= "OUPER KAI
'EPISTASQAI: 'EIKO$ GE. TI= DH 'ESTIN TOUTO PERI= "OU 'AUTO$ TE
'EPISTHMWN 'ESTIN "O SOFISTH$ KAI TON MAQHTHN POIEI0: MA
DI=', 'EFH, 'OUKETI 'ECW0 SOI4 LEGEIN.


<P 313A>
KAI 'EGW 'EIPON META TOUTO; TI= 'OUN: 'OISQA 'EI$ "OION TINA
KINDUNON 'ERCHI0 "UPOQHSWN THN YUCHN: 'H= 'EI MEN TO SWMA
'EPITREPEIN SE 'EDEI TWI DIAKINDUNEUONTA 'H= CRHSTON 'AUTO
GENESQAI 'H= PONHRON, POLLA 'AN4 PERIESKEYW 'EI=T' 'EPITREPTEON
'EITE 'OU=, KAI 'EI$ SUMBOULHN TOU$ TE FILOU$ 'AN4 PAREKALEI$
KAI TOU$ 'OIKEIOU$ SKOPOUMENO$ "HMERA$ SUCNA$; "O= DE PERI=
PLEIONO$ TOU* SWMATO$ "HGHI0, THN YUCHN, KAI 'EN "WI PANT' 'ESTIN
TA SA 'H= 'EU 'H= KAKW$ PRATTEIN, CRHSTOU 'H= PONHROU 'AUTOU4
GENOMENOU, PERI= DE TOUTOU 'OUTE TW*I PATRI 'OUTE TW*I 'ADELFWI
<P 313B>
'EPEKOINWSW 'OUTE "HMWN TWN "ETAIRWN 'OUDENI, 'EI=T' 'EPITREPTEON
'EITE-KAI 'OU TW*I 'AFIKOMENWI TOUTWI XENWI THN SHN YUCHN, 'ALL'
"ESPERA$ 'AKOUSA$, "W$ FH=I$, 'ORQRIO$ "HKWN PERI= MEN TOUTOU
'OUDENA LOGON 'OUDE SUMBOULHN POIHI0, 'EITE CRH 'EPITREPEIN
SAUTON 'AUTWI 'EITE MH, "ETOIMO$ D' 'EI* 'ANALISKEIN TA TE SAUTOU
KAI TA TWN FILWN CRHMATA, "W$ 'HDH DIEGNWKW$ "OTI4 PANTW$
SUNESTEON PRWTAGORA\ "ON 'OUTE GIGNWSKEI$, "W$ FH=I$, 'OUTE
<P 313C>
DIEILEXAI 'OUDEPWPOTE, SOFISTHN D' 'ONOMAZEI$, TON DE SOFISTHN
"OTI2 POT' 'ESTIN FAINHI0 'AGNOWN, "WI MELLEI$ SAUTON 'EPITREPEIN:
KAI "O$ 'AKOUSA$, 'EOIKEN0, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EX "WN
SU LEGEI$. 'A*R'-'OUN, 'W* "IPPOKRATE$, "O SOFISTH$ TUGCANEI0
'WN 'EMPORO$ TI$ 'H= KAPHLO$ TWN 'AGWGIMWN, 'AF' "WN YUCH
TREFETAI: FAINETAI GAR 'EMOIGE TOIOUTO$ TI$. TREFETAI DE,
'W* SWKRATE$, YUCH TI=NI: MAQHMASIN DHPOU, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. KAI
"OPW$ GE MH, 'W* "ETAIRE, "O SOFISTH$ 'EPAINWN "A PWLEI0 'EXAPATHSHI6
"HMA$, "WSPER "OI PERI= THN TOU* SWMATO$ TROFHN, "O
<P 313D>
'EMPORO$ TE-KAI KAPHLO$. KAI-GAR "OUTOI POU "WN 'AGOUSIN0
'AGWGIMWN 'OUTE 'AUTOI 'ISASIN "OTI2 CRHSTON 'H= PONHRON PERI= TO
SWMA, 'EPAINOUSIN0 DE PANTA PWLOUNTE$, 'OUTE "OI 'WNOUMENOI
PAR' 'AUTWN, 'EAN MH TI$ TUCHI6 GUMNASTIKO$ 'H= 'IATRO$ 'WN.
"OUTW DE-KAI "OI TA MAQHMATA PERIAGONTE$ KATA TA$ POLEI$
KAI PWLOUNTE$ KAI KAPHLEUONTE$ TW*I 'AEI 'EPIQUMOUNTI 'EPAINOUSIN0
MEN PANTA "A PWLOUSIN0, TACA D' 'AN4 TINE$, 'W* 'ARISTE,
KAI TOUTWN 'AGNOOIEN "WN PWLOUSIN0 "OTI2 CRHSTON 'H= PONHRON
<P 313E>
PRO$ THN YUCHN; "W$ D' "AUTW$ KAI "OI 'WNOUMENOI PAR' 'AUTWN,
'EA=N MH TI$ TUCHI6 PERI= THN YUCHN 'AU 'IATRIKO$ 'WN. 'EI
MEN-'OUN SU TUGCANEI$ 'EPISTHMWN TOUTWN TI= CRHSTON KAI
PONHRON, 'ASFALE$ SOI4 'WNEISQAI MAQHMATA KAI PARA PRWTAGOROU
KAI PAR' 'ALLOU "OTOUOUN; 'EI DE MH, "ORA, 'W* MAKARIE,


<P 314A>
MH PERI= TOI$ FILTATOI$ KUBEUHI$ TE-KAI KINDUNEUHI$. KAI-GAR-DH-KAI
POLU MEIZWN KINDUNO$ 'EN THI TWN MAQHMATWN 'WNHI 'H=
'EN THI TWN SITIWN. SITIA MEN-GAR-KAI POTA PRIAMENON PARA
TOU* KAPHLOU KAI 'EMPOROU 'EXESTIN 'EN 'ALLOI$ 'AGGEIOI$ 'APOFEREIN,
KAI PRIN DEXASQAI 'AUTA 'EI$ TO SWMA PIONTA 'H=
FAGONTA, KATAQEMENON 'OIKADE 'EXESTIN SUMBOULEUSASQAI,
PARAKALESANTA TON 'EPAIONTA, "OTI2 TE 'EDESTEON 'H= POTEON KAI
"OTI2 MH, KAI "OPOSON KAI "OPOTE; "WSTE 'EN THI 'WNHI 'OU MEGA$ "O
<P 314B>
KINDUNO$. MAQHMATA DE 'OUK 'ESTIN2 'EN 'ALLWI 'AGGEIWI 'APENEGKEIN,
'ALL' 'ANAGKH KATAQENTA THN TIMHN TO MAQHMA 'EN 'AUTHI
THI YUCHI LABONTA KAI MAQONTA 'APIENAI 'H= BEBLAMMENON 'H=
'WFELHMENON. TAUTA 'OUN SKOPWMEQA KAI META TWN PRESBUTERWN
"HMWN; "HMEI$ GAR 'ETI NEOI "WSTE TOSOUTON PRAGMA
DIELESQAI. NU*N MENTOI, "WSPER "WRMHSAMEN, 'IWMEN KAI 'AKOUSWMEN
TOU* 'ANDRO$, 'EPEITA 'AKOUSANTE$ KAI 'ALLOI$ 'ANAKOINWSWMEQA;
KAI-GAR 'OU MONO$ PRWTAGORA$ 'AUTOQI 'ESTIN,
<P 314C>
'ALLA-KAI "IPPIA$ "O 'HLEIO$ % 'OIMAI DE-KAI PRODIKON TON
KEION % KAI 'ALLOI POLLOI KAI SOFOI.
DOXAN "HMIN TAUTA 'EPOREUOMEQA; 'EPEIDH DE 'EN TW*I PROQURWI
'EGENOMEQA, 'EPISTANTE$ PERI= TINO$ LOGOU DIELEGOMEQA, "O$ "HMIN
KATA THN "ODON 'ENEPESEN; "IN' 'OUN MH 'ATELH$ GENOITO, 'ALLA=
DIAPERANAMENOI "OUTW$ 'ESIOIMEN, STANTE$ 'EN TW*I PROQURWI
DIELEGOMEQA "EW$ SUNWMOLOGHSAMEN 'ALLHLOI$. DOKEI0 'OUN
MOI, "O QURWRO$, 'EUNOUCO$ TI$, KATHKOUEN "HMWN, KINDUNEUEI0 DE
<P 314D>
DIA= TO PLHQO$ TWN SOFISTWN 'ACQESQAI TOI$ FOITWSIN4 'EI$ THN
'OIKIAN; 'EPEIDH GOUN 'EKROUSAMEN THN QURAN, 'ANOIXA$ KAI 'IDWN
"HMA$, 'EA4, 'EFH, SOFISTAI TINE$; 'OU SCOLH 'AUTWI; KAI "AMA
'AMFOIN TOIN CEROIN THN QURAN PANU PROQUMW$ "W$ "OIO$-T'-'H*N 'EPHRAXEN.
KAI "HMEI$ PALIN 'EKROUOMEN, KAI "O$ 'EGKEKLHIMENH$ TH$
QURA$ 'APOKRINOMENO$ 'EI*PEN, 'W* 'ANQRWPOI, 'EFH, 'OUK 'AKHKOATE
"OTI4 'OU SCOLH 'AUTWI: 'ALL' 'WGAQE, 'EFHN 'EGW, 'OUTE
PARA KALLIAN "HKOMEN 'OUTE SOFISTAI 'ESMEN. 'ALLA= QARREI5;
<P 314E>
PRWTAGORAN GAR-TOI DEOMENOI 'IDEIN 'HLQOMEN; 'EISAGGEILON
'OUN. MOGI$ 'OUN POTE "HMIN "ANQRWPO$ 'ANEWIXEN THN QURAN;
'EPEIDH DE 'EISHLQOMEN, KATELABOMEN PRWTAGORAN 'EN TW*I
PROSTWIWI PERIPATOUNTA, "EXH$ D' 'AUTWI SUMPERIEPATOUN 'EK MEN
TOU* 'EPI QATERA KALLIA$ "O "IPPONIKOU KAI "O 'ADELFO$ 'AUTOU4


<P 315A>
"O "OMOMHTRIO$, PARALO$ "O PERIKLEOU$, KAI CARMIDH$ "O GLAUKWNO$,
'EK DE TOU* 'EPI QATERA "O "ETERO$ TWN PERIKLEOU$
XANQIPPO$, KAI FILIPPIDH$ "O FILOMHLOU KAI 'ANTIMOIRO$ "O
MENDAIO$, "OSPER 'EUDOKIMEI0 MALISTA TWN PRWTAGOROU MAQHTWN
KAI 'EPI TECNHI MANQANEI0, "W$ SOFISTH$ 'ESOMENO$. TOUTWN
DE "OI= 'OPISQEN 'HKOLOUQOUN 'EPAKOUONTE$ TWN LEGOMENWN TO
MEN POLU XENOI 'EFAINONTO % "OU$ 'AGEI0 'EX "EKASTWN TWN POLEWN
"O PRWTAGORA$, DI' "WN DIEXERCETAI, KHLWN THI FWNHI "WSPER
<P 315B>
'ORFEU$, "OI DE KATA THN FWNHN "EPONTAI KEKHLHMENOI %
'HSAN DE TINE$ KAI TWN 'EPICWRIWN 'EN TW*I CORWI. TOUTON TON
CORON MALISTA 'EGWGE 'IDWN "HSQHN, "W$ KALW$ 'HULABOUNTO
MHDEPOTE 'EMPODWN 'EN TW*I PROSQEN 'EINAI PRWTAGOROU, 'ALL'
'EPEIDH 'AUTO$ 'ANASTREFOI KAI "OI MET' 'EKEINOU, 'EU PW$ KAI 'EN
KOSMWI PERIESCIZONTO "OUTOI "OI 'EPHKOOI 'ENQEN KAI 'ENQEN,
KAI 'EN KUKLWI PERIIONTE$ 'AEI 'EI$ TO 'OPISQEN KAQISTANTO
KALLISTA.
TON9 DE9 MET'9 'EISENOHSA9, 'EFH "OMHRO$, "IPPIAN TON
<P 315C>
'HLEION, KAQHMENON 'EN TW*I KAT' 'ANTIKRU PROSTWIWI 'EN QRONWI;
PERI= 'AUTON D' 'EKAQHNTO 'EPI BAQRWN 'ERUXIMACO$ TE "O
'AKOUMENOU KAI FAIDRO$ "O MURRINOUSIO$ KAI 'ANDRWN "O
'ANDROTIWNO$ KAI TWN XENWN POLITAI TE 'AUTOU4 KAI 'ALLOI
TINE$. 'EFAINONTO DE PERI= FUSEW$ TE-KAI TWN METEWRWN
'ASTRONOMIKA 'ATTA DIERWTAN TON "IPPIAN, "O D' 'EN QRONWI KAQHMENO$
"EKASTOI$ 'AUTWN DIEKRINEN KAI DIEXHIEI TA 'ERWTWMENA.
KAI-MEN-DH-KAI TANTALON9 GE 'EISEIDON9 % 'EPEDHMEI
<P 315D>
GAR-'A=RA-KAI PRODIKO$ "O KEIO$ % 'H*N DE 'EN 'OIKHMATI TINI, "WI
PRO TOU* MEN "W$ TAMIEIWI 'ECRHTO "IPPONIKO$, NU*N DE "UPO TOU*
PLHQOU$ TWN KATALUONTWN0 "O KALLIA$ KAI TOUTO 'EKKENWSA$
XENOI$ KATALUSIN PEPOIHKEN0. "O MEN-'OUN PRODIKO$ 'ETI KATEKEITO,
'EGKEKALUMMENO$ 'EN KWIDIOI$ TISIN KAI STRWMASIN KAI
MALA POLLOI$, "W$ 'EFAINETO; PAREKAQHNTO DE 'AUTWI 'EPI TAI$
PLHSION KLINAI$ PAUSANIA$ TE "O 'EK KERAMEWN KAI META
PAUSANIOU NEON TI 'ETI MEIRAKION, "W$ MEN 'EGWIMAI KALON TE
<P 315E>
'KAGAQON THN FUSIN, THN D'-'OUN 'IDEAN PANU KALO$. 'EDOXA
'AKOUSAI0 'ONOMA 'AUTWI 'EINAI 'AGAQWNA, KAI 'OUK 'AN4 QAUMAZOIMI
'EI PAIDIKA PAUSANIOU TUGCANEI0 'WN. TOUTO T' 'H*N TO MEIRAKION,
KAI TW 'ADEIMANTW 'AMFOTERW, "O TE KHPIDO$ KAI "O
LEUKOLOFIDOU, KAI 'ALLOI TINE$ 'EFAINONTO; PERI= DE "WN DIELEGONTO
'OUK 'EDUNAMHN 'EGWGE MAQEIN 'EXWQEN, KAIPER LIPARW$
'ECWN 'AKOUEIN TOU* PRODIKOU % PASSOFO$ GAR MOI DOKEI0 "ANHR


<P 316A>
'EINAI KAI QEIO$ % 'ALLA= DIA= THN BARUTHTA TH$ FWNH$ BOMBO$
TI$ 'EN TW*I 'OIKHMATI GIGNOMENO$ 'ASAFH 'EPOIEI TA LEGOMENA.
KAI "HMEI$ MEN 'ARTI 'EISELHLUQEMEN, KATOPIN DE "HMWN
'EPEISHLQON 'ALKIBIADH$ TE "O KALO$, "W$ FH=I$ SU KAI 'EGW
PEIQOMAI, KAI KRITIA$ "O KALLAISCROU.
"HMEI$ 'OUN "W$ 'EISHLQOMEN, 'ETI SMIKR' 'ATTA DIATRIYANTE$
KAI TAUTA DIAQEASAMENOI PROSHIMEN PRO$ TON PRWTAGORAN,
<P 316B>
KAI 'EGW 'EIPON; 'W* PRWTAGORA, PRO$ SE TOI 'HLQOMEN 'EGW TE-KAI
"IPPOKRATH$ "OUTO$.
POTERON, 'EFH, MONWI BOULOMENOI DIALECQHNAI 'H=-KAI META
TWN 'ALLWN:
"HMIN MEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OUDEN DIAFEREI0; 'AKOUSA$ DE "OU
"ENEKA 'HLQOMEN, 'AUTO$ SKEYAI.
TI= 'OUN-DH 'ESTIN, 'EFH, "OU "ENEKA "HKETE0:
"IPPOKRATH$ "ODE 'ESTIN MEN TWN 'EPICWRIWN, 'APOLLODWROU
"UO$, 'OIKIA$ MEGALH$ TE-KAI 'EUDAIMONO$, 'AUTO$ DE THN FUSIN
DOKEI0 'ENAMILLO$ 'EINAI TOI$ "HLIKIWTAI$. 'EPIQUMEIN DE MOI
<P 316C>
DOKEI0 'ELLOGIMO$ GENESQAI 'EN THI POLEI, TOUTO DE 'OIETAI "OI2
MALIST' 'AN7 GENESQAI, 'EI SOI4 SUGGENOITO; TAUT' 'OUN 'HDH SU
SKOPEI5, POTERON PERI= 'AUTWN MONO$ 'OIEI DEIN DIALEGESQAI PRO$
MONOU$, 'H= MET' 'ALLWN.
'ORQW$, 'EFH, PROMHQHI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, "UPER 'EMOU4. XENON
GAR 'ANDRA KAI 'IONTA 'EI$ POLEI$ MEGALA$, KAI 'EN TAUTAI$
PEIQONTA TWN NEWN TOU$ BELTISTOU$ 'APOLEIPONTA$ TA$ TWN
'ALLWN SUNOUSIA$, KAI 'OIKEIWN KAI 'OQNEIWN, KAI PRESBUTERWN
KAI NEWTERWN, "EAUTWI SUNEINAI "W$ BELTIOU$ 'ESOMENOU$ DIA=
<P 316D>
THN "EAUTOU SUNOUSIAN, CRH 'EULABEISQAI TON TAUTA PRATTONTA;
'OU-GAR SMIKROI PERI= 'AUTA FQONOI TE GIGNONTAI KAI
'ALLAI DUSMENEIAI TE-KAI 'EPIBOULAI. 'EGW DE THN SOFISTIKHN
TECNHN FHMI MEN 'EINAI PALAIAN, TOU$ DE METACEIRIZOMENOU$
'AUTHN TWN PALAIWN 'ANDRWN, FOBOUMENOU$ TO 'EPACQE$ 'AUTH$,
PROSCHMA POIEISQAI KAI PROKALUPTESQAI, TOU$ MEN POIHSIN,
"OION "OMHRON TE-KAI "HSIODON KAI SIMWNIDHN, TOU$ DE 'AU
TELETA$ TE-KAI CRHSMWIDIA$, TOU$ 'AMFI TE 'ORFEA KAI MOUSAION;
'ENIOU$ DE TINA$ 'HISQHMAI KAI GUMNASTIKHN, "OION 'IKKO$
TE "O TARANTINO$ KAI "O NU*N 'ETI 'WN 'OUDENO$ "HTTWN SOFISTH$
<P 316E>
"HRODIKO$ "O SHLUMBRIANO$, TO DE 'ARCAION MEGAREU$; MOUSIKHN
DE 'AGAQOKLH$ TE "O "UMETERO$ PROSCHMA 'EPOIHSATO,
MEGA$ 'WN SOFISTH$, KAI PUQOKLEIDH$ "O KEIO$ KAI 'ALLOI POLLOI.
"OUTOI PANTE$, "WSPER LEGW0, FOBHQENTE$ TON FQONON TAI$
TECNAI$ TAUTAI$ PARAPETASMASIN 'ECRHSANTO. 'EGW DE TOUTOI$


<P 317A>
"APASIN KATA TOUTO 'EINAI 'OU SUMFEROMAI; "HGOUMAI GAR 'AUTOU$
'OU TI DIAPRAXASQAI "O= 'EBOULHQHSAN % 'OU-GAR LAQEIN TWN
'ANQRWPWN TOU$ DUNAMENOU$ 'EN TAI$ POLESI PRATTEIN, "WNPER
"ENEKA TAUT' 'ESTIN TA PROSCHMATA; 'EPEI "OI GE POLLOI "W$
'EPO$ 'EIPEIN 'OUDEN 'AISQANONTAI, 'ALL' "ATT' 'AN4 "OUTOI DIAGGELLWSI,
TAUTA "UMNOUSIN0 % TO 'OUN 'APODIDRASKONTA MH DUNASQAI
'APODRANAI0, 'ALLA= KATAFANH 'EINAI, POLLH MWRIA KAI TOU* 'EPICEIRHMATO$,
<P 317B>
KAI POLU DUSMENESTEROU$ PARECESQAI 'ANAGKH
TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$; "HGOUNTAI GAR TON TOIOUTON PRO$ TOI$ 'ALLOI$
KAI PANOURGON 'EINAI. 'EGW 'OUN TOUTWN THN 'ENANTIAN "APASAN
"ODON 'ELHLUQA, KAI "OMOLOGW0 TE SOFISTH$ 'EINAI KAI PAIDEUEIN
'ANQRWPOU$, KAI 'EULABEIAN TAUTHN 'OIMAI BELTIW 'EKEINH$ 'EINAI,
TO "OMOLOGEIN MALLON 'H= 'EXARNON 'EINAI; KAI 'ALLA$ PRO$ TAUTHI
'ESKEMMAI, "WSTE, SUN QEWI 'EIPEIN, MHDEN DEINON PASCEIN DIA=
<P 317C>
TO "OMOLOGEIN SOFISTH$ 'EINAI. KAITOI POLLA GE 'ETH 'HDH 'EIMI
'EN THI TECNHI; KAI-GAR-KAI TA SUMPANTA POLLA MOI 'ESTIN %
'OUDENO$ "OTOU 'OU PANTWN 'AN4 "UMWN KAQ' "HLIKIAN PATHR 'EIHN %
"WSTE POLU MOI "HDISTON 'ESTIN, 'EI TI BOULESQE0, PERI= TOUTWN
"APANTWN 'ENANTION TWN 'ENDON 'ONTWN0 TON LOGON POIEISQAI.
KAI 'EGW % "UPWPTEUSA GAR BOULESQAI 'AUTON TW*I TE PRODIKWI
KAI TW*I "IPPIA\ 'ENDEIXASQAI KAI KALLWPISASQAI "OTI4 'ERASTAI
<P 317D>
'AUTOU4 'AFIGMENOI-'EIMEN % TI= 'OUN, 'EFHN 'EGW, 'OU KAI PRODIKON
KAI "IPPIAN 'EKALESAMEN KAI TOU$ MET' 'AUTWN, "INA
'EPAKOUSWSIN "HMWN:
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH "O PRWTAGORA$.
BOULESQE0 'OUN, "O KALLIA$ 'EFH, SUNEDRION KATASKEUASWMEN,
"INA KAQEZOMENOI DIALEGHSQE:
'EDOKEI CRHNAI0; "ASMENOI DE PANTE$ "HMEI$, "W$ 'AKOUSOMENOI
'ANDRWN SOFWN, KAI 'AUTOI TE 'ANTILABOMENOI TWN BAQRWN
KAI TWN KLINWN KATESKEUAZOMEN PARA TW*I "IPPIA\ % 'EKEI GAR
PROUPHRCE TA BAQRA % 'EN DE TOUTWI KALLIA$ TE-KAI 'ALKIBIADH$
<P 317E>
"HKETHN 'AGONTE TON PRODIKON, 'ANASTHSANTE$ 'EK TH$
KLINH$, KAI TOU$ META TOU* PRODIKOU.
'EPEI DE PANTE$ SUNEKAQEZOMEQA, "O PRWTAGORA$, NU*N DH
'AN4, 'EFH, LEGOI$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EPEIDH KAI "OIDE PAREISIN, PERI=
"WN 'OLIGON PROTERON MNEIAN 'EPOIOU PRO$ 'EME "UPER TOU*
NEANISKOU.


<P 318A>
KAI 'EGW 'EIPON "OTI4 "H 'AUTH MOI 'ARCH 'ESTIN, 'W* PRWTAGORA,
"HPER 'ARTI, PERI= "WN 'AFIKOMHN. "IPPOKRATH$ GAR "ODE TUGCANEI0
'EN 'EPIQUMIA\ 'WN TH$ SH$ SUNOUSIA$; "OTI2 'OUN 'AUTWI 'APOBHSETAI,
'EA=N SOI4 SUNHI, "HDEW$ 'AN4 FHSI PUQESQAI. TOSOUTO$ "O GE
"HMETERO$ LOGO$.
"UPOLABWN 'OUN "O PRWTAGORA$ 'EI*PEN; 'W* NEANISKE, 'ESTAI
TOINUN SOI4, 'EA=N 'EMOI4 SUNHI$, "HI 'AN4 "HMERA\ 'EMOI4 SUGGENHI, 'APIENAI
'OIKADE BELTIONI GEGONOTI, KAI 'EN THI "USTERAIA\ 'TAUTA TAUTA;
KAI "EKASTH$ "HMERA$ 'AEI 'EPI TO BELTION 'EPIDIDONAI.
<P 318B>
KAI 'EGW 'AKOUSA$ 'EIPON; 'W* PRWTAGORA, TOUTO MEN 'OUDEN
QAUMASTON LEGEI$, 'ALLA= 'EIKO$, 'EPEI 'KAN4 SU, KAIPER THLIKOUTO$
'WN KAI "OUTW$ SOFO$, 'EI TI$ SE DIDAXEIEN "O= MH TUGCANOI$
'EPISTAMENO$, BELTIWN 'AN4 GENOIO. 'ALLA= MH "OUTW$,
'ALL' "WSPER 'AN4 'EI 'AUTIKA MALA METABALWN2 THN 'EPIQUMIAN
"IPPOKRATH$ "ODE 'EPIQUMHSEIEN TH$ SUNOUSIA$ TOUTOU TOU*
NEANISKOU TOU* NU*N NEWSTI 'EPIDHMOUNTO$, ZEUXIPPOU TOU*
"HRAKLEWTOU, KAI 'AFIKOMENO$ PAR' 'AUTON, "WSPER PARA SE
<P 318C>
NU*N, 'AKOUSEIEN 'AUTOU4 'TAUTA TAUTA "APER SOU4, "OTI4 "EKASTH$
"HMERA$ SUNWN 'AUTWI BELTIWN 'ESTAI KAI 'EPIDWSEI2, 'EI 'AUTON
'EPANEROITO; TI= DH FH=I$ BELTIW 'ESESQAI KAI 'EI$ TI= 'EPIDWSEIN:
'EIPOI 'AN4 'AUTWI "O ZEUXIPPO$ "OTI4 PRO$ GRAFIKHN; 'KAN4
'EI 'ORQAGORA\ TW*I QHBAIWI SUGGENOMENO$, 'AKOUSA$ 'EKEINOU
'TAUTA TAUTA "APER SOU4, 'EPANEROITO 'AUTON 'EI$ "OTI2 BELTIWN
KAQ' "HMERAN 'ESTAI SUGGIGNOMENO$ 'EKEINWI 'EIPOI 'AN4 "OTI4 'EI$
'AULHSIN; "OUTW DH-KAI SU 'EIPE= TW*I NEANISKWI KAI 'EMOI4 "UPER
<P 318D>
TOUTOU 'ERWTWNTI, "IPPOKRATH$ "ODE PRWTAGORA\ SUGGENOMENO$,
"HI 'AN4 'AUTWI "HMERA\ SUGGENHTAI, BELTIWN 'APEISI GENOMENO$
KAI TWN 'ALLWN "HMERWN "EKASTH$ "OUTW$ 'EPIDWSEI2 'EI$ TI=, 'W*
PRWTAGORA, KAI PERI= TOU*2:
KAI "O PRWTAGORA$ 'EMOU4 TAUTA 'AKOUSA$, SU TE KALW$
'ERWTA*I$0, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, KAI 'EGW TOI$ KALW$ 'ERWTWSI4
CAIRW0 'APOKRINOMENO$. "IPPOKRATH$ GAR PAR' 'EME 'AFIKOMENO$
'OU PEISETAI "APER 'AN4 'EPAQEN 'ALLWI TWI SUGGENOMENO$
TWN SOFISTWN. "OI MEN-GAR 'ALLOI LWBWNTAI0 TOU$ NEOU$;
<P 318E>
TA$ GAR TECNA$ 'AUTOU$ PEFEUGOTA$ 'AKONTA$ PALIN 'AU 'AGONTE$
'EMBALLOUSIN0 'EI$ TECNA$, LOGISMOU$ TE-KAI 'ASTRONOMIAN KAI
GEWMETRIAN KAI MOUSIKHN DIDASKONTE$ % KAI "AMA 'EI$ TON
"IPPIAN 'APEBLEYEN % PARA D' 'EME 'AFIKOMENO$ MAQHSETAI 'OU
PERI= 'ALLOU TOU 'H= PERI= "OU "HKEI0. TO DE MAQHMA 'ESTIN 'EUBOULIA
PERI= TWN 'OIKEIWN, "OPW$ 'AN4 'ARISTA THN "AUTOU 'OIKIAN DIOIKOI,


<P 319A>
KAI PERI= TWN TH$ POLEW$, "OPW$ TA TH$ POLEW$ DUNATWTATO$
'AN4 'EIH KAI PRATTEIN KAI LEGEIN.
'A*RA, 'EFHN 'EGW, "EPOMAI SOU4 TW*I LOGWI: DOKEI$ GAR MOI
LEGEIN THN POLITIKHN TECNHN KAI "UPISCNEISQAI POIEIN 'ANDRA$
'AGAQOU$ POLITA$.
'AUTO MEN-'OUN TOUTO 'ESTIN, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, TO 'EPAGGELMA
"O= 'EPAGGELLOMAI.
'H* KALON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TECNHMA 'A=RA KEKTHSAI, 'EIPER
KEKTHSAI; 'OU-GAR TI 'ALLO PRO$ GE SE 'EIRHSETAI 'H= "APER
NOW0. 'EGW GAR TOUTO, 'W* PRWTAGORA, 'OUK 'WIMHN DIDAKTON
<P 319B>
'EINAI, SOI4 DE LEGONTI 'OUK 'ECW0 "OPW$ 'AN84 'APISTW3. "OQEN DE
'AUTO "HGOUMAI 'OU DIDAKTON 'EINAI MHD' "UP' 'ANQRWPWN PARASKEUASTON
'ANQRWPOI$, DIKAIO$ 'EIMI 'EIPEIN. 'EGW GAR 'AQHNAIOU$,
"WSPER KAI "OI 'ALLOI "ELLHNE$, FHMI SOFOU$ 'EINAI.
"ORW0 'OUN, "OTAN SULLEGWMEN 'EI$ THN 'EKKLHSIAN, 'EPEIDAN MEN
PERI= 'OIKODOMIA$ TI DEHI5 PRAXAI0 THN POLIN, TOU$ 'OIKODOMOU$
METAPEMPOMENOU$ SUMBOULOU$ PERI= TWN 'OIKODOMHMATWN, "OTAN
DE PERI= NAUPHGIA$, TOU$ NAUPHGOU$, KAI 'TALLA PANTA "OUTW$,
<P 319C>
"OSA "HGOUNTAI MAQHTA TE-KAI DIDAKTA 'EINAI; 'EA=N DE TI$ 'ALLO$
'EPICEIRHI5 'AUTOI$ SUMBOULEUEIN "ON 'EKEINOI MH 'OIONTAI DHMIOURGON
'EINAI, 'KAN2 PANU KALO$ 'HI KAI PLOUSIO$ KAI TWN
GENNAIWN, 'OUDEN TI MALLON 'APODECONTAI, 'ALLA= KATAGELWSI0
KAI QORUBOUSIN0, "EW$ 'AN4 'H= 'AUTO$ 'APOSTHI6 "O 'EPICEIRWN LEGEIN
KATAQORUBHQEI$, 'H= "OI TOXOTAI 'AUTON 'AFELKUSWSIN 'H= 'EXARWNTAI
KELEUONTWN0 TWN PRUTANEWN. PERI= MEN-'OUN "WN 'OIONTAI 'EN
TECNHI 'EINAI, "OUTW DIAPRATTONTAI; 'EPEIDAN DE TI PERI= TWN TH$
<P 319D>
POLEW$ DIOIKHSEW$ DEHI5 BOULEUSASQAI, SUMBOULEUEI0 'AUTOI$
'ANISTAMENO$ PERI= TOUTWN "OMOIW$ MEN TEKTWN, "OMOIW$ DE
CALKEU$ SKUTOTOMO$, 'EMPORO$ NAUKLHRO$, PLOUSIO$ PENH$,
GENNAIO$ 'AGENNH$, KAI TOUTOI$ 'OUDEI$ TOUTO 'EPIPLHTTEI0 "WSPER
TOI$ PROTERON, "OTI4 'OUDAMOQEN MAQWN, 'OUDE 'ONTO$ DIDASKALOU
'OUDENO$ 'AUTWI 'EPEITA SUMBOULEUEIN 'EPICEIREI0; DHLON GAR "OTI4
'OUC "HGOUNTAI DIDAKTON 'EINAI. MH-TOINUN-"OTI TO KOINON TH$
<P 319E>
POLEW$ "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, 'ALLA= 'IDIA\ "HMIN "OI SOFWTATOI KAI 'ARISTOI
TWN POLITWN TAUTHN THN 'ARETHN "HN 'ECOUSIN0 'OUC "OIOI-TE 'ALLOI$
PARADIDONAI; 'EPEI PERIKLH$, "O TOUTWNI TWN NEANISKWN PATHR,
TOUTOU$ "A MEN DIDASKALWN 'EICETO KALW$ KAI 'EU 'EPAIDEUSEN,


<P 320A>
"A DE 'AUTO$ SOFO$ 'ESTIN 'OUTE 'AUTO$ PAIDEUEI0 'OUTE TWI 'ALLWI
PARADIDWSIN, 'ALL' 'AUTOI PERIIONTE$ NEMONTAI "WSPER 'AFETOI,
'EA=N POU 'AUTOMATOI PERITUCWSIN THI 'ARETHI. 'EI DE BOULEI,
KLEINIAN, TON 'ALKIBIADOU TOUTOUI NEWTERON 'ADELFON, 'EPITROPEUWN
"O 'AUTO$ "OUTO$ 'ANHR PERIKLH$, DEDIW$ PERI= 'AUTOU4 MH
DIAFQARHI DH "UPO 'ALKIBIADOU, 'APOSPASA$ 'APO TOUTOU, KATAQEMENO$
'EN 'ARIFRONO$ 'EPAIDEUE; KAI PRIN "EX MHNA$ GEGONENAI,
<P 320B>
'APEDWKE TOUTWI 'OUK 'ECWN "OTI2 CRHSAITO 'AUTWI. KAI 'ALLOU$ SOI4
PAMPOLLOU$ 'ECW0 LEGEIN, "OI= 'AUTOI 'AGAQOI 'ONTE$ 'OUDENA PWPOTE
BELTIW 'EPOIHSAN 'OUTE TWN 'OIKEIWN 'OUTE TWN 'ALLOTRIWN.
'EGW 'OUN, 'W* PRWTAGORA, 'EI$ TAUTA 'APOBLEPWN 'OUC "HGOUMAI
DIDAKTON 'EINAI 'ARETHN; 'EPEIDH DE SOU4 'AKOUW0 TAUTA LEGONTO$,
KAMPTOMAI KAI 'OIMAI TI SE LEGEIN DIA= TO "HGEISQAI SE POLLWN
MEN 'EMPEIRON GEGONENAI, POLLA DE MEMAQHKENAI, TA DE 'AUTON
'EXHURHKENAI. 'EI 'OUN 'ECEI$ 'ENARGESTERON "HMIN 'EPIDEIXAI0 "W$
<P 320C>
DIDAKTON 'ESTIN "H 'ARETH, MH FQONHSHI$ 'ALL' 'EPIDEIXON2.
'ALL', 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EFH, 'OU FQONHSW2; 'ALLA= POTERON "UMIN,
"W$ PRESBUTERO$ NEWTEROI$, MUQON LEGWN 'EPIDEIXW42 'H= LOGWI
DIEXELQWN:
POLLOI 'OUN 'AUTWI "UPELABON TWN PARAKAQHMENWN "OPOTERW$
BOULOITO "OUTW$ DIEXIENAI. DOKEI0 TOINUN MOI, 'EFH, CARIESTERON
'EINAI MUQON "UMIN LEGEIN.
'H*N GAR POTE CRONO$ "OTE QEOI MEN 'HSAN, QNHTA DE GENH
<P 320D>
'OUK 'H*N. 'EPEIDH DE-KAI TOUTOI$ CRONO$ 'HLQEN "EIMARMENO$
GENESEW$, TUPOUSIN0 'AUTA QEOI GH$ 'ENDON 'EK GH$ KAI PURO$
MEIXANTE$ KAI TWN "OSA PURI KAI GHI KERANNUTAI. 'EPEIDH D'
'AGEIN 'AUTA PRO$ FW$ 'EMELLON, PROSETAXAN PROMHQEI KAI
'EPIMHQEI KOSMHSAI0 TE-KAI NEIMAI0 DUNAMEI$ "EKASTOI$ "W$
PREPEI0. PROMHQEA DE PARAITEITAI 'EPIMHQEU$ 'AUTO$ NEIMAI0,
NEIMANTO$ DE MOU, 'EFH, 'EPISKEYAI; KAI "OUTW PEISA$
NEMEI0. NEMWN DE TOI$ MEN 'ISCUN 'ANEU TACOU$ PROSHPTEN,
<P 320E>
TOU$ D' 'ASQENESTEROU$ TACEI 'EKOSMEI; TOU$ DE "WPLIZE, TOI$
D' 'AOPLON DIDOU$ FUSIN 'ALLHN TIN' 'AUTOI$ 'EMHCANATO DUNAMIN
'EI$ SWTHRIAN. "A MEN-GAR 'AUTWN SMIKROTHTI 'HMPISCEN, PTHNON
FUGHN 'H= KATAGEION 'OIKHSIN 'ENEMEN; "A DE 'HUXE MEGEQEI, TWIDE


<P 321A>
'AUTWI 'AUTA 'ESWIZEN. KAI 'TALLA "OUTW$ 'EPANISWN 'ENEMEN. TAUTA
DE 'EMHCANATO 'EULABEIAN 'ECWN MH TI GENO$ 'AISTWQEIH; 'EPEIDH
DE 'AUTOI$ 'ALLHLOFQORIWN DIAFUGA$ 'EPHRKESE, PRO$ TA$ 'EK
DIO$ "WRA$ 'EUMAREIAN 'EMHCANATO 'AMFIENNU$ 'AUTA PUKNAI$
TE QRIXIN KAI STEREOI$ DERMASIN, "IKANOI$ MEN 'AMUNAI0 CEIMWNA,
DUNATOI$ DE-KAI KAUMATA, KAI 'EI$ 'EUNA$ 'IOUSIN "OPW$ "UPARCOI
TA 'AUTA TAUTA STRWMNH 'OIKEIA TE-KAI 'AUTOFUH$ "EKASTWI; KAI
<P 321B>
"UPODWN TA MEN "OPLAI$, TA DE QRIXIN8 KAI8 DERMASIN STEREOI$
KAI 'ANAIMOI$. 'TOUNTEUQEN TROFA$ 'ALLOI$ 'ALLA$ 'EXEPORIZEN,
TOI$ MEN 'EK GH$ BOTANHN, 'ALLOI$ DE DENDRWN KARPOU$, TOI$ DE
"RIZA$; 'ESTI D' "OI$ 'EDWKEN 'EINAI TROFHN ZWIWN 'ALLWN BORAN;
KAI TOI$ MEN 'OLIGOGONIAN PROSHYE, TOI$ D' 'ANALISKOMENOI$
"UPO TOUTWN POLUGONIAN, SWTHRIAN TW*I GENEI PORIZWN. "ATE
DH-'OUN 'OU PANU TI SOFO$ 'WN "O 'EPIMHQEU$ 'ELAQEN "AUTON
<P 321C>
KATANALWSA$ TA$ DUNAMEI$ 'EI$ TA 'ALOGA; LOIPON DH 'AKOSMHTON
'ETI 'AUTWI 'H*N TO 'ANQRWPWN GENO$, KAI 'HPOREI "OTI2
CRHSAITO. 'APOROUNTI DE 'AUTWI 'ERCETAI PROMHQEU$ 'EPISKEYOMENO$
THN NOMHN, KAI "ORA*I0 TA MEN 'A=LLA ZWIA 'EMMELW$ PANTWN
'ECONTA, TON DE 'ANQRWPON GUMNON TE-KAI 'ANUPODHTON KAI
'ASTRWTON KAI 'AOPLON; 'HDH DE-KAI "H "EIMARMENH "HMERA PARHN,
'EN "HI 'EDEI KAI 'ANQRWPON 'EXIENAI 'EK GH$ 'EI$ FW$; 'APORIA\ 'OUN
SCOMENO$ "O PROMHQEU$ "HNTINA SWTHRIAN TW*I 'ANQRWPWI "EUROI,
<P 321D>
KLEPTEI0 "HFAISTOU KAI 'AQHNA$ THN 'ENTECNON SOFIAN SUN
PURI % 'AMHCANON GAR 'H*N 'ANEU PURO$ 'AUTHN KTHTHN TWI 'H=
CRHSIMHN GENESQAI % KAI "OUTW DH DWREITAI 'ANQRWPWI. THN
MEN-'OUN PERI= TON BION SOFIAN 'ANQRWPO$ TAUTHI 'ESCEN, THN DE
POLITIKHN 'OUK 'EICEN; 'H*N GAR PARA TW*I DII. TW*I DE PROMHQEI
'EI$ MEN THN 'AKROPOLIN THN TOU* DIO$ 'OIKHSIN 'OUKETI 'ENECWREI
'EISELQEIN % PRO$ DE-KAI "AI DIO$ FULAKAI FOBERAI 'HSAN % 'EI$
DE TO TH$ 'AQHNA$ KAI "HFAISTOU 'OIKHMA TO KOINON, 'EN "WI
<P 321E>
'EFILOTECNEITHN, LAQWN 'EISERCETAI, KAI KLEYA$ THN TE 'EMPURON
TECNHN THN TOU* "HFAISTOU KAI THN 'ALLHN THN TH$ 'AQHNA$
DIDWSIN 'ANQRWPWI, KAI 'EK TOUTOU 'EUPORIA MEN 'ANQRWPWI TOU*


<P 322A>
BIOU GIGNETAI, PROMHQEA DE DI' 'EPIMHQEA "USTERON, "HIPER
LEGETAI, KLOPH$ DIKH METHLQEN.
'EPEIDH DE "O 'ANQRWPO$ QEIA$ METESCE MOIRA$, PRWTON MEN
DIA= THN TOU* QEOU SUGGENEIAN ZWIWN MONON QEOU$ 'ENOMISEN, KAI
'EPECEIREI BWMOU$ TE "IDRUESQAI KAI 'AGALMATA QEWN; 'EPEITA
FWNHN KAI 'ONOMATA TACU DIHRQRWSATO THI TECNHI, KAI 'OIKHSEI$
KAI 'ESQHTA$ KAI "UPODESEI$ KAI STRWMNA$ KAI TA$ 'EK GH$
TROFA$ "HURETO. "OUTW DH PARESKEUASMENOI KAT' 'ARCA$
<P 322B>
'ANQRWPOI 'WIKOUN SPORADHN, POLEI$ DE 'OUK 'HSAN; 'APWLLUNTO
'OUN "UPO TWN QHRIWN DIA= TO PANTACHI 'AUTWN 'ASQENESTEROI
'EINAI, KAI "H DHMIOURGIKH TECNH 'AUTOI$ PRO$ MEN TROFHN
"IKANH BOHQO$ 'H*N, PRO$ DE TON TWN QHRIWN POLEMON 'ENDEH$ %
POLITIKHN GAR TECNHN 'OUPW 'EICON, "H$ MERO$ POLEMIKH %
'EZHTOUN DH "AQROIZESQAI KAI SWIZESQAI KTIZONTE$ POLEI$; "OT'
'OUN "AQROISQEIEN, 'HDIKOUN 'ALLHLOU$ "ATE 'OUK 'ECONTE$ THN
POLITIKHN TECNHN, "WSTE PALIN SKEDANNUMENOI DIEFQEIRONTO.
<P 322C>
ZEU$ 'OUN DEISA$ PERI= TW*I GENEI "HMWN MH 'APOLOITO PAN,
"ERMHN PEMPEI0 'AGONTA 'EI$ 'ANQRWPOU$ 'AIDW TE-KAI DIKHN, "IN'
'EIEN POLEWN KOSMOI TE-KAI DESMOI FILIA$ SUNAGWGOI. 'ERWTA*I0
'OUN "ERMH$ DI=A TI=NA 'OUN TROPON DOIH DIKHN KAI 'AIDW 'ANQRWPOI$;
POTERON "W$ "AI TECNAI NENEMHNTAI, "OUTW KAI TAUTA$
NEIMW: NENEMHNTAI DE "WDE; "EI$ 'ECWN 'IATRIKHN POLLOI$ "IKANO$
'IDIWTAI$, KAI "OI 'ALLOI DHMIOURGOI; KAI DIKHN DH-KAI 'AIDW
<P 322D>
"OUTW QW 'EN TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$, 'H= 'EPI PANTA$ NEIMW: 'EPI
PANTA$, 'EFH "O ZEU$, KAI PANTE$ METECONTWN2; 'OU-GAR 'AN4
GENOINTO POLEI$, 'EI 'OLIGOI 'AUTWN METECOIEN "WSPER 'ALLWN
TECNWN; KAI NOMON GE QE$ PAR' 'EMOU4 TON MH DUNAMENON
'AIDOU$ KAI DIKH$ METECEIN KTEINEIN "W$ NOSON POLEW$. "OUTW
DH, 'W* SWKRATE$, KAI DIA= TAUTA "OI TE 'ALLOI KAI 'AQHNAIOI,
"OTAN MEN PERI= 'ARETH$ TEKTONIKH$ 'HI LOGO$ 'H= 'ALLH$ TINO$
DHMIOURGIKH$, 'OLIGOI$ 'OIONTAI METEINAI SUMBOULH$, KAI 'EA=N
<P 322E>
TI$ 'EKTO$ 'WN TWN 'OLIGWN SUMBOULEUHI5, 'OUK 'ANECONTAI, "W$ SU
FH=I$ % 'EIKOTW$, "W$ 'EGW FHMI % "OTAN DE 'EI$ SUMBOULHN POLITIKH$


<P 323A>
'ARETH$ 'IWSIN, "HN DEI DIA= DIKAIOSUNH$ PASAN 'IENAI KAI
SWFROSUNH$, 'EIKOTW$ "APANTO$ 'ANDRO$ 'ANECONTAI, "W$ PANTI
PROSHKON TAUTH$ GE METECEIN TH$ 'ARETH$ 'H= MH 'EINAI POLEI$.
"AU=TH, 'W* SWKRATE$, TOUTOU 'AITIA.
"INA DE MH 'OIHI3 'APATASQAI "W$ TW*I-'ONTI "HGOUNTAI PANTE$
'ANQRWPOI PANTA 'ANDRA METECEIN DIKAIOSUNH$ TE-KAI TH$ 'ALLH$
POLITIKH$ 'ARETH$, TODE 'AU LABE TEKMHRION. 'EN GAR TAI$
'ALLAI$ 'ARETAI$, "WSPER SU LEGEI$, 'EA=N TI$ FHI 'AGAQO$ 'AULHTH$
'EINAI, 'H= 'ALLHN "HNTINOUN TECNHN "HN MH 'ESTIN, 'H= KATAGELWSIN0
<P 323B>
'H= CALEPAINOUSIN0, KAI "OI 'OIKEIOI PROSIONTE$ NOUQETOUSIN0 "W$
MAINOMENON; 'EN DE DIKAIOSUNHI KAI 'EN THI 'ALLHI POLITIKHI 'ARETHI,
'EA=N TINA KAI 'EIDWSIN3 "OTI4 'ADIKO$ 'ESTIN, 'EA=N "OUTO$ 'AUTO$ KAQ'
"AUTOU 'TALHQH LEGHI5 'ENANTION POLLWN, "O= 'EKEI SWFROSUNHN
"HGOUNTO 'EINAI, 'TALHQH LEGEIN, 'ENTAUQA MANIAN, KAI FASIN0
PANTA$ DEIN FANAI0 'EINAI DIKAIOU$, 'EANTE 'WSIN 'EANTE MH, 'H=
MAINESQAI TON MH PROSPOIOUMENON DIKAIOSUNHN8; "W$ 'ANAGKAION
<P 323C>
'OUDENA "ONTIN' 'OUCI "AMW$ GE PW$ METECEIN 'AUTH$, 'H= MH
'EINAI 'EN 'ANQRWPOI$.
"OTI4 MEN-'OUN PANT' 'ANDRA 'EIKOTW$ 'APODECONTAI PERI= TAUTH$
TH$ 'ARETH$ SUMBOULON DIA= TO "HGEISQAI PANTI METEINAI 'AUTH$
TAUTA LEGW0. "OTI4 DE 'AUTHN 'OU FUSEI "HGOUNTAI 'EINAI 'OUD' 'APO
TOU* 'AUTOMATOU, 'ALLA= DIDAKTON TE-KAI 'EX 'EPIMELEIA$ PARAGIGNESQAI
"WI 'AN4 PARAGIGNHTAI, TOUTO SOI4 META TOUTO PEIRASOMAI
'APODEIXAI0. "OSA GAR "HGOUNTAI 'ALLHLOU$ KAKA 'ECEIN 'ANQRWPOI
<P 323D>
FUSEI 'H= TUCHI, 'OUDEI$ QUMOUTAI 'OUDE NOUQETEI0 'OUDE DIDASKEI0
'OUDE KOLAZEI0 TOU$ TAUTA 'ECONTA$, "INA MH TOIOUTOI 'WSIN, 'ALL'
'ELEOUSIN0; "OION TOU$ 'AISCROU$ 'H= SMIKROU$ 'H= 'ASQENEI$ TI=$ "OUTW$
'ANOHTO$ "WSTE TI TOUTWN 'EPICEIREIN POIEIN: TAUTA MEN-GAR
'OIMAI 'ISASIN "OTI4 FUSEI TE-KAI TUCHI TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ GIGNETAI,
TA KALA KAI 'TANANTIA TOUTOI$; "OSA DE 'EX 'EPIMELEIA$ KAI
'ASKHSEW$ KAI DIDACH$ 'OIONTAI GIGNESQAI 'AGAQA 'ANQRWPOI$,
<P 323E>
'EA=N TI$ TAUTA MH 'ECHI5, 'ALLA= 'TANANTIA TOUTWN KAKA, 'EPI
TOUTOI$ POU "OI TE QUMOI GIGNONTAI KAI "AI KOLASEI$ KAI "AI
NOUQETHSEI$. "WN 'ESTIN "EN KAI "H 'ADIKIA KAI "H 'ASEBEIA KAI


<P 324A>
SULLHBDHN PAN TO 'ENANTION TH$ POLITIKH$ 'ARETH$; 'ENQA DH
PA$ PANTI QUMOUTAI KAI NOUQETEI0, DHLON "OTI4 "W$ 'EX 'EPIMELEIA$
KAI MAQHSEW$ KTHTH$ 'OUSH$. 'EI GAR 'EQELEI$ 'ENNOHSAI0 TO
KOLAZEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$, TOU$ 'ADIKOUNTA$ TI= POTE DUNATAI,
'AUTO SE DIDAXEI2 "OTI4 "OI GE 'ANQRWPOI "HGOUNTAI PARASKEUASTON
'EINAI 'ARETHN. 'OUDEI$ GAR KOLAZEI0 TOU$ 'ADIKOUNTA$ PRO$
TOUTWI TON NOUN 'ECWN KAI TOUTOU "ENEKA, "OTI4 'HDIKHSEN, "OSTI$
<P 324B>
MH "WSPER QHRION 'ALOGISTW$ TIMWREITAI; "O DE META LOGOU
'EPICEIRWN KOLAZEIN 'OU TOU* PARELHLUQOTO$ "ENEKA 'ADIKHMATO$
TIMWREITAI % 'OU-GAR 'AN4 TO GE PRACQEN 'AGENHTON QEIH % 'ALLA=
TOU* MELLONTO$ CARIN, "INA MH 'AUQI$ 'ADIKHSHI6 MHTE 'AUTO$ "OUTO$
MHTE 'ALLO$ "O TOUTON 'IDWN KOLASQENTA. KAI TOIAUTHN DIANOIAN
'ECWN DIANOEITAI PAIDEUTHN 'EINAI 'ARETHN; 'APOTROPH$ GOUN
"ENEKA KOLAZEI0. TAUTHN 'OUN THN DOXAN PANTE$ 'ECOUSIN0 "OSOIPER
<P 324C>
TIMWROUNTAI KAI 'IDIA\ KAI DHMOSIA\. TIMWROUNTAI DE-KAI KOLAZONTAI
"OI TE 'ALLOI 'ANQRWPOI "OU$ 'AN4 'OIWNTAI 'ADIKEIN, KAI 'OUC
"HKISTA 'AQHNAIOI "OI SOI2 POLITAI; "WSTE KATA TOUTON TON
LOGON KAI 'AQHNAIOI 'EISI TWN "HGOUMENWN PARASKEUASTON
'EINAI KAI DIDAKTON 'ARETHN. "W$ MEN-'OUN 'EIKOTW$ 'APODECONTAI
"OI SOI2 POLITAI KAI CALKEW$ KAI SKUTOTOMOU SUMBOULEUONTO$
TA POLITIKA, KAI "OTI4 DIDAKTON KAI PARASKEUASTON "HGOUNTAI
'ARETHN, 'APODEDEIKTAI SOI4, 'W* SWKRATE$, "IKANW$, "W$ GE MOI
<P 324D>
FAINETAI.
'ETI DH LOIPH 'APORIA 'ESTIN, "HN 'APOREI$ PERI= TWN 'ANDRWN
TWN 'AGAQWN, TI= DHPOTE "OI 'ANDRE$ "OI 'AGAQOI TA MEN 'A=LLA
TOU$ "AUTWN "UEI$ DIDASKOUSIN0 "A DIDASKALWN 'ECETAI KAI
SOFOU$ POIOUSIN0, "HN DE 'AUTOI 'ARETHN 'AGAQOI 'OUDENO$ BELTIOU$
POIOUSIN0. TOUTOU DH PE=RI, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUKETI MUQON
SOI4 'ERW2 'ALLA= LOGON. "WDE GAR 'ENNOHSON2; POTERON 'ESTIN TI
"EN 'H= 'OUK 'ESTIN "OU 'ANAGKAION PANTA$ TOU$ POLITA$ METECEIN,
<P 324E>
'EIPER MELLEI0 POLI$ 'EINAI: 'EN TOUTWI GAR "AU=TH LUETAI "H 'APORIA
"HN SU 'APOREI$ 'H= 'ALLOQI 'OUDAMOU. 'EI MEN-GAR 'ESTIN, KAI
TOUTO 'ESTIN TO "EN 'OU TEKTONIKH 'OUDE CALKEIA 'OUDE KERAMEIA


<P 325A>
'ALLA= DIKAIOSUNH KAI SWFROSUNH KAI TO "OSION 'EINAI, KAI
SULLHBDHN "EN 'AUTO PROSAGOREUW0 'EINAI 'ANDRO$ 'ARETHN % 'EI
TOUT' 'ESTIN "OU DEI PANTA$ METECEIN KAI META TOUTOU PANT'
'ANDRA, 'EA=N TI KAI 'ALLO BOULHTAI MANQANEIN 'H= PRATTEIN, "OUTW
PRATTEIN, 'ANEU DE TOUTOU MH, 'H= TON MH METECONTA KAI DIDASKEIN
KAI KOLAZEIN KAI PAIDA KAI 'ANDRA KAI GUNAIKA,
"EWSPER 'AN4 KOLAZOMENO$ BELTIWN GENHTAI, "O$ D' 'AN4 MH "UPAKOUHI5
KOLAZOMENO$ KAI DIDASKOMENO$, "W$ 'ANIATON 'ONTA TOUTON
<P 325B>
'EKBALLEIN 'EK TWN POLEWN 'H= 'APOKTEINEIN % 'EI "OUTW MEN 'ECEI0,
"OUTW D' 'AUTOU4 PEFUKOTO$ "OI 'AGAQOI 'ANDRE$ 'EI TA MEN 'A=LLA
DIDASKONTAI TOU$ "UEI$, TOUTO DE MH, SKEYAI "W$ QAUMASIW$
GIGNONTAI "OI 'AGAQOI. "OTI4 MEN-GAR DIDAKTON 'AUTO "HGOUNTAI
KAI 'IDIA\ KAI DHMOSIA\, 'APEDEIXAMEN; DIDAKTOU DE 'ONTO$ KAI
QERAPEUTOU TA MEN 'A=LLA 'A=RA TOU$ "UEI$ DIDASKONTAI, 'EF' "OI$
'OUK 'ESTI QANATO$ "H ZHMIA 'EA=N MH 'EPISTWNTAI, 'EF' "WI DE "H
TE ZHMIA QANATO$ 'AUTWN TOI$ PAISI KAI FUGAI MH MAQOUSI
<P 325C>
MHDE QERAPEUQEISIN 'EI$ 'ARETHN, KAI PRO$ TW*I QANATWI CRHMATWN
TE DHMEUSEI$ KAI "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN SULLHBDHN TWN
'OIKWN 'ANATROPAI, TAUTA D'-'A=RA 'OU DIDASKONTAI 'OUD' 'EPIMELOUNTAI
PASAN 'EPIMELEIAN: 'OIESQAI GE CRH, 'W* SWKRATE$.
'EK PAIDWN SMIKRWN 'ARXAMENOI, MECRI "OUPER 'AN4 ZWSI3, KAI
DIDASKOUSI0 KAI NOUQETOUSIN0. 'EPEIDAN QATTON SUNIHI5 TI$ TA
LEGOMENA, KAI TROFO$ KAI MHTHR KAI PAIDAGWGO$ KAI 'AUTO$
<P 325D>
"O PATHR PERI= TOUTOU DIAMACONTAI, "OPW$ "W$7 BELTISTO$ 'ESTAI
"O PAI$, PAR' "EKASTON KAI 'ERGON KAI LOGON DIDASKONTE$ KAI
'ENDEIKNUMENOI "OTI4 TO MEN DIKAION, TO DE 'ADIKON, KAI TODE MEN
KALON, TODE DE 'AISCRON, KAI TODE MEN "OSION, TODE DE 'ANOSION,
KAI TA MEN POIEI5, TA DE MH POIEI5. KAI 'EA=N MEN "EKWN PEIQHTAI;
'EI DE MH, "WSPER XULON DIASTREFOMENON KAI KAMPTOMENON
'EUQUNOUSIN0 'APEILAI$ KAI PLHGAI$. META DE TAUTA 'EI$ DIDASKALWN
PEMPONTE$ POLU MALLON 'ENTELLONTAI 'EPIMELEISQAI
<P 325E>
'EUKOSMIA$ TWN PAIDWN 'H= GRAMMATWN TE-KAI KIQARISEW$; "OI
DE DIDASKALOI TOUTWN TE 'EPIMELOUNTAI, KAI 'EPEIDAN 'AU
GRAMMATA MAQWSIN KAI MELLWSIN SUNHSEIN TA GEGRAMMENA
"WSPER TO=TE THN FWNHN, PARATIQEASIN 'AUTOI$ 'EPI TWN BAQRWN
'ANAGIGNWSKEIN POIHTWN 'AGAQWN POIHMATA KAI 'EKMANQANEIN


<P 326A>
'ANAGKAZOUSIN0, 'EN "OI$ POLLAI MEN NOUQETHSEI$ 'ENEISIN, POLLAI
DE DIEXODOI KAI 'EPAINOI KAI 'EGKWMIA PALAIWN 'ANDRWN
'AGAQWN, "INA "O PAI$ ZHLWN MIMHTAI KAI 'OREGHTAI TOIOUTO$
GENESQAI. "OI T' 'AU KIQARISTAI, "E=TERA TOIAUTA, SWFROSUNH$
TE 'EPIMELOUNTAI KAI "OPW$ 'AN4 "OI NEOI MHDEN KAKOURGWSIN;
PRO$ DE TOUTOI$, 'EPEIDAN KIQARIZEIN MAQWSIN, 'ALLWN 'AU
POIHTWN 'AGAQWN POIHMATA DIDASKOUSI0 MELOPOIWN, 'EI$ TA
<P 326B>
KIQARISMATA 'ENTEINONTE$, KAI TOU$ "RUQMOU$ TE-KAI TA$ "ARMONIA$
'ANAGKAZOUSIN0 'OIKEIOUSQAI TAI$ YUCAI$ TWN PAIDWN,
"INA "HMERWTEROI TE 'WSIN, KAI 'EURUQMOTEROI KAI 'EUARMOSTOTEROI
GIGNOMENOI CRHSIMOI 'WSIN 'EI$ TO LEGEIN TE-KAI PRATTEIN;
PA$ GAR "O BIO$ TOU* 'ANQRWPOU 'EURUQMIA$ TE-KAI 'EUARMOSTIA$
DEITAI. 'ETI TOINUN PRO$ TOUTOI$ 'EI$ PAIDOTRIBOU PEMPOUSIN0,
"INA TA SWMATA BELTIW 'ECONTE$ "UPHRETWSI THI DIANOIA\ CRHSTHI
<P 326C>
'OUSHI, KAI MH 'ANAGKAZWNTAI 'APODEILIAN DIA= THN PONHRIAN
TWN SWMATWN KAI 'EN TOI$ POLEMOI$ KAI 'EN TAI$ 'ALLAI$
PRAXESIN. KAI TAUTA POIOUSIN0 "OI MALISTA DUNAMENOI MALISTA7 %
MALISTA DE DUNANTAI "OI PLOUSIWTATOI % KAI "OI
TOUTWN "UEI$, PRWIAITATA 'EI$ DIDASKALWN TH$ "HLIKIA$ 'ARXAMENOI
FOITAN, 'OYIAITATA 'APALLATTONTAI. 'EPEIDAN DE 'EK
DIDASKALWN 'APALLAGWSIN, "H POLI$ 'AU TOU$ TE NOMOU$ 'ANAGKAZEI0
MANQANEIN KAI KATA TOUTOU$ ZHN KATA PARADEIGMA,
<P 326D>
"INA MH 'AUTOI 'EF' "AUTWN 'EIKHI PRATTWSIN, 'ALL' 'ATECNW$
"WSPER "OI GRAMMATISTAI TOI$ MHPW DEINOI$ GRAFEIN TWN
PAIDWN "UPOGRAYANTE$ GRAMMA$ THI GRAFIDI "OUTW TO GRAMMATEION
DIDOASIN KAI 'ANAGKAZOUSI0 GRAFEIN KATA THN "UFHGHSIN
TWN GRAMMWN, "W=$ DE-KAI "H POLI$ NOMOU$ "UPOGRAYASA,
'AGAQWN KAI PALAIWN NOMOQETWN "EURHMATA, KATA TOUTOU$
'ANAGKAZEI0 KAI 'ARCEIN KAI 'ARCESQAI, "O$ D' 'AN4 'EKTO$ BAINHI5
TOUTWN, KOLAZEI0; KAI 'ONOMA THI KOLASEI TAUTHI KAI PAR' "UMIN
<P 326E>
KAI 'ALLOQI POLLACOU, "W$ 'EUQUNOUSH$ TH$ DIKH$, 'EUQUNAI.
TOSAUTH$ 'OUN TH$ 'EPIMELEIA$ 'OUSH$ PERI= 'ARETH$ 'IDIA\ KAI
DHMOSIA\ QAUMAZEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$, KAI 'APOREI$ 'EI DIDAKTON
'ESTIN 'ARETH: 'ALL' 'OU CRH QAUMAZEIN, 'ALLA= POLU MALLON
'EI MH DIDAKTON.
DIA= TI= 'OUN TWN 'AGAQWN PATERWN POLLOI "UEI$ FAULOI
GIGNONTAI: TOUTO 'AU MAQE; 'OUDEN GAR QAUMASTON, 'EIPER
'ALHQH 'EGW 'EN TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN 'ELEGON, "OTI4 TOUTOU TOU* PRAGMATO$,


<P 327A>
TH$ 'ARETH$, 'EI MELLEI0 POLI$ 'EINAI, 'OUDENA DEI 'IDIWTEUEIN.
'EI GAR-DH "O= LEGW0 "OUTW$ 'ECEI0 % 'ECEI0 DE MALISTA
PANTWN "OUTW$ % 'ENQUMHQHTI 'ALLO TWN 'EPITHDEUMATWN "OTIOUN
KAI MAQHMATWN PROELOMENO$. 'EI MH "OION-T'-'H*N POLIN 'EINAI
'EI MH PANTE$ 'AULHTAI 'HMEN "OPOIO$ TI$ 'EDUNATO "EKASTO$, KAI
TOUTO KAI 'IDIA\ KAI DHMOSIA\ PA$ PANTA KAI 'EDIDASKE KAI
'EPEPLHTTE TON MH KALW$ 'AULOUNTA, KAI MH 'EFQONEI TOUTOU,
"WSPER NU*N TWN DIKAIWN KAI TWN NOMIMWN 'OUDEI$ FQONEI0 'OUD'
<P 327B>
'APOKRUPTETAI "WSPER TWN 'ALLWN TECNHMATWN % LUSITELEI0
GAR 'OIMAI "HMIN "H 'ALLHLWN DIKAIOSUNH KAI 'ARETH; DIA= TAUTA
PA$ PANTI PROQUMW$ LEGEI0 KAI DIDASKEI0 KAI TA DI=KAIA KAI
TA NOMIMA % 'EI 'OUN "OUTW KAI 'EN 'AULHSEI PASAN PROQUMIAN
KAI 'AFQONIAN 'EICOMEN 'ALLHLOU$ DIDASKEIN, 'OIEI 'AN4 TI, 'EFH,
MALLON, 'W* SWKRATE$, TWN 'AGAQWN 'AULHTWN 'AGAQOU$ 'AULHTA$
TOU$ "UEI$ GIGNESQAI 'H= TWN FAULWN: 'OIMAI MEN 'OU=, 'ALLA=
"OTOU 'ETUCEN "O "UO$ 'EUFUESTATO$ GENOMENO$ 'EI$ 'AULHSIN, "OUTO$
<P 327C>
'AN4 'ELLOGIMO$ 'HUXHQH, "OTOU DE 'AFUH$, 'AKLEH$; KAI POLLAKI$
MEN 'AGAQOU 'AULHTOU FAULO$ 'AN4 'APEBH, POLLAKI$ D' 'AN4
FAULOU 'AGAQO$; 'ALL'-'OUN 'AULHTAI G' 'AN4 PANTE$ 'HSAN "IKANOI
"W$ PRO$ TOU$ 'IDIWTA$ KAI MHDEN 'AULHSEW$ 'EPAIONTA$. "OUTW$
'OIOU KAI NU*N, "OSTI$ SOI4 'ADIKWTATO$ FAINETAI 'ANQRWPO$ TWN
'EN NOMOI$ KAI 'ANQRWPOI$ TEQRAMMENWN, DIKAION 'AUTON 'EINAI
KAI DHMIOURGON TOUTOU TOU* PRAGMATO$, 'EI DEOI 'AUTON KRINESQAI
<P 327D>
PRO$ 'ANQRWPOU$ "OI$ MHTE PAIDEIA 'ESTIN MHTE DIKASTHRIA MHTE
NOMOI MHDE 'ANAGKH MHDEMIA DIA= PANTO$ 'ANAGKAZOUSA 'ARETH$
'EPIMELEISQAI, 'ALL' 'EIEN 'AGRIOI TINE$ "OIOIPER "OU$ PERUSIN
FEREKRATH$ "O POIHTH$ 'EDIDAXEN 'EPI LHNAIWI. 'H* SFODRA 'EN
TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ GENOMENO$, "WSPER "OI 'EN 'EKEINWI TW*I
CORWI MISANQRWPOI, 'AGAPHSAI$ 'AN4 'EI 'ENTUCOI$ 'EURUBATWI KAI
FRUNWNDA\, KAI 'ANOLOFURAI' 'AN4 POQWN THN TWN 'ENQADE 'ANQRWPWN
<P 327E>
PONHRIAN. NU*N DE TRUFA*I$0, 'W* SWKRATE$, DIOTI PANTE$
DIDASKALOI 'EISIN 'ARETH$ KAQ' "OSON DUNANTAI "EKASTO$, KAI
'OUDEI$ SOI4 FAINETAI; 'EI*Q', "WSPER 'AN4 'EI ZHTOI$ TI=$ DIDASKALO$


<P 328A>
TOU* "ELLHNIZEIN, 'OUD' 'AN4 "EI$ FANEIH, 'OUDE-G' 'AN4 'OIMAI 'EI
ZHTOI$ TI=$ 'AN4 "HMIN DIDAXEIEN TOU$ TWN CEIROTECNWN "UEI$
'AUTHN TAUTHN THN TECNHN "HN DH PARA TOU* PATRO$ MEMAQHKASIN,
KAQ' "OSON "OIO$-T'-'H*N "O PATHR KAI "OI TOU* PATRO$ FILOI
'ONTE$ "OMOTECNOI, TOUTOU$ 'ETI TI=$ 'AN4 DIDAXEIEN, 'OU "RA\DION
'OIMAI 'EINAI, 'W* SWKRATE$, TOUTWN DIDASKALON FANHNAI, TWN
DE 'APEIRWN PANTAPASI "RA\DION, "OUTW DE 'ARETH$ KAI TWN
'ALLWN PANTWN; 'ALLA= 'KAN4 'EI 'OLIGON 'ESTIN TI$ "OSTI$ DIAFEREI0
<P 328B>
"HMWN PROBIBASAI0 'EI$ 'ARETHN 'AGAPHTON. "WN DH 'EGW 'OIMAI
"EI$ 'EINAI, KAI DIAFERONTW$ 'AN4 TWN 'ALLWN 'ANQRWPWN 'ONHSAI0
TINA PRO$ TO KALON KAI 'AGAQON GENESQAI, KAI 'AXIW$ TOU*
MISQOU "ON PRATTOMAI KAI 'ETI PLEIONO$, "WSTE KAI 'AUTWI DOKEIN
TW*I MAQONTI. DIA= TAUTA KAI TON TROPON TH$ PRAXEW$ TOU*
MISQOU TOIOUTON PEPOIHMAI; 'EPEIDAN GAR TI$ PAR' 'EMOU4 MAQHI6,
'EA=N MEN BOULHTAI, 'APODEDWKEN0 "O= 'EGW PRATTOMAI 'ARGURION
<P 328C>
'EA=N DE MH, 'ELQWN 'EI$ "IERON, 'OMOSA$ "OSOU 'AN4 FHI 'A=XIA 'EINAI
TA MAQHMATA, TOSOUTON KATEQHKE.
TOIOUTON SOI4, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EGW KAI MUQON KAI LOGON
'EIRHKA "W$ DIDAKTON 'ARETH KAI 'AQHNAIOI "OUTW$ "HGOUNTAI,
KAI "OTI4 'OUDEN QAUMASTON TWN 'AGAQWN PATERWN FAULOU$ "UEI$
GIGNESQAI KAI TWN FAULWN 'AGAQOU$, 'EPEI KAI "OI POLUKLEITOU
"UEI$, PARALOU KAI ZANQIPPOU TOUDE "HLIKIWTAI, 'OUDEN PRO$
TON PATERA 'EISIN, KAI 'ALLOI 'ALLWN DHMIOURGWN. TWNDE DE
<P 328D>
'OUPW 'AXION TOUTO KATHGOREIN; 'ETI GAR 'EN 'AUTOI$ 'EISIN
'ELPIDE$; NEOI GAR.
PRWTAGORA$ MEN TOSAUTA KAI TOIAUTA 'EPIDEIXAMENO$ 'APEPAUSATO
TOU* LOGOU. KAI 'EGW 'EPI MEN POLUN CRONON KEKHLHMENO$
'ETI PRO$ 'AUTON 'EBLEPON "W$ 'EROUNTA2 TI, 'EPIQUMWN
'AKOUEIN; 'EPEI DE-DH 'HISQOMHN "OTI4 TW*I-'ONTI PEPAUMENO$-'EIH,
MOGI$ PW$ 'EMAUTON "WSPEREI SUNAGEIRA$ 'EIPON, BLEYA$ PRO$
TON "IPPOKRATH; 'W* PAI 'APOLLODWROU, "W$ CARIN SOI4 'ECW0
"OTI4 PROUTREYA$ ME "WDE 'AFIKESQAI; POLLOU GAR POIOUMAI
<P 328E>
'AKHKOENAI "A 'AKHKOA PRWTAGOROU. 'EGW GAR 'EN MEN TW*I 'EMPROSQEN
CRONWI "HGOUMHN 'OUK 'EINAI 'ANQRWPINHN 'EPIMELEIAN
"HI 'AGAQOI "OI 'AGAQOI GIGNONTAI; NU*N DE PEPEISMAI. PLHN
SMIKRON TI MOI 'EMPODWN, "O DHLON "OTI4 PRWTAGORA$ "RA\DIW$
'EPEKDIDAXEI2, 'EPEIDH KAI TA POLLA TAUTA 'EXEDIDAXEN. KAI-GAR
'EI MEN TI$ PERI= 'AUTWN TOUTWN SUGGENOITO "OTWIOUN TWN


<P 329A>
DHMHGORWN, TAC' 'AN4 KAI TOIOUTOU$ LOGOU$ 'AKOUSEIEN 'H= PERIKLEOU$
'H= 'ALLOU TINO$ TWN "IKANWN 'EIPEIN; 'EI DE 'EPANEROITO
TINA TI, "WSPER BIBLIA 'OUDEN 'ECOUSIN0 'OUTE 'APOKRINASQAI 'OUTE
'AUTOI 'ERESQAI, 'ALL' 'EA=N TI$ KAI SMIKRON 'EPERWTHSHI6 TI TWN
"RHQENTWN5, "WSPER TA CALKIA PLHGENTA MAKRON 'HCEI0 KAI 'APOTEINEI0
'EA=N MH 'EPILABHTAI TI$, KAI "OI "RHTORE$ "OUTW, SMIKRA
<P 329B>
'ERWTHQENTE$ DOLICON KATATEINOUSI0 TOU* LOGOU. PRWTAGORA$
DE "ODE "IKANO$ MEN MAKROU$ LOGOU$ KAI KALOU$ 'EIPEIN, "W$
'AUTA DHLOI0, "IKANO$ DE-KAI 'ERWTHQEI$ 'APOKRINASQAI KATA
BRACU KAI 'EROMENO$ PERIMEINAI0 TE-KAI 'APODEXASQAI THN
'APOKRISIN, "A 'OLIGOI$ 'ESTI PARESKEUASMENA. NU*N 'OUN, 'W*
PRWTAGORA, SMIKROU TINO$ 'ENDEH$ 'EIMI PANT' 'ECEIN, 'EI
MOI 'APOKRINAIO TODE. THN 'ARETHN FH=I$ DIDAKTON 'EINAI, KAI
'EGW 'EIPER 'ALLWI TWI 'ANQRWPWN PEIQOIMHN 'AN4, KAI SOI4 PEIQOMAI;
<P 329C>
"O= D' 'EQAUMASA SOU4 LEGONTO$, TOUTO MOI 'EN THI YUCHI
'APOPLHRWSON. 'ELEGE$ GAR "OTI4 "O ZEU$ THN DIKAIOSUNHN
KAI THN 'AIDW PEMYEIE TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$, KAI 'AU POLLACOU 'EN
TOI$ LOGOI$ 'ELEGETO "UPO SOU4 "H DIKAIOSUNH KAI SWFROSUNH
KAI "OSIOTH$ KAI PANTA TAUTA "W$ "EN TI 'EIH SULLHBDHN,
'ARETH; TAUT' 'OUN 'AUTA DIELQE MOI 'AKRIBW$ TW*I LOGWI POTERON
"EN MEN TI 'ESTIN "H 'ARETH, MORIA DE 'AUTH$ 'ESTIN "H DIKAIOSUNH
KAI SWFROSUNH KAI "OSIOTH$, 'H= TAUT' 'ESTIN "A NUNDH 'EGW
<P 329D>
'ELEGON PANTA 'ONOMATA TOU* 'AUTOU4 "ENO$. TOUT' 'ESTIN "O=
'ETI 'EPIPOQW0.
'ALLA= "RA\DION TOUTO G', 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'APOKRINASQAI,
"OTI4 "ENO$ 'ONTO$ TH$ 'ARETH$ MORIA 'ESTIN "A 'ERWTA*I$0. POTERON,
'EFHN, "WSPER PROSWPOU TA MORIA MORIA 'ESTIN, STOMA TE-KAI
"RI$ KAI 'OFQALMOI KAI 'WTA, 'H= "WSPER TA TOU* CRUSOU MORIA
'OUDEN DIAFEREI0 TA "E=TERA TWN "ETERWN, 'ALLHLWN KAI TOU* "OLOU,
'ALL'-'H= MEGEQEI KAI SMIKROTHTI: 'EKEINW$ MOI FAINETAI, 'W*
<P 329E>
SWKRATE$, "WSPER TA TOU* PROSWPOU MORIA 'ECEI0 PRO$ TO "OLON
PROSWPON. POTERON 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW KAI METALAMBANOUSIN0
"OI 'ANQRWPOI TOUTWN TWN TH$ 'ARETH$ MORIWN "OI MEN 'ALLO, "OI
DE 'ALLO, 'H= 'ANAGKH 'EANPER TI$ "EN LABHI6, "APANTA 'ECEIN:
'OUDAMW$, 'EFH, 'EPEI POLLOI 'ANDREIOI 'EISIN, 'ADIKOI DE, KAI
DIKAIOI 'AU, SOFOI DE 'OU=. 'ESTIN GAR-'OUN-KAI TAUTA MORIA


<P 330A>
TH$ 'ARETH$, 'EFHN 'EGW, SOFIA TE-KAI 'ANDREIA: PANTWN
MALISTA DHPOU, 'EFH; KAI MEGISTON GE "H SOFIA TWN MORIWN.
"EKASTON DE 'AUTWN 'ESTIN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ALLO, TO DE 'ALLO:
NAI. 'H*-KAI DUNAMIN 'AUTWN "EKASTON 'IDIAN 'ECEI0: "WSPER TA
TOU* PROSWPOU, 'OUK 'ESTIN 'OFQALMO$ "OION TA 'WTA, 'OUD' "H
DUNAMI$ 'AUTOU4 "H 'AUTH; 'OUDE TWN 'ALLWN 'OUDEN 'ESTIN "OION TO
"ETERON 'OUTE KATA THN DUNAMIN 'OUTE KATA TA 'A=LLA; 'A*R'-'OUN
"OUTW KAI TA TH$ 'ARETH$ MORIA 'OUK 'ESTIN TO "ETERON "OION TO
<P 330B>
"ETERON, 'OUTE 'AUTO 'OUTE "H DUNAMI$ 'AUTOU4: 'H= DHLA DH "OTI4
"OUTW$ 'ECEI0, 'EIPER TW*I PARADEIGMATI GE 'EOIKE0: 'ALL' "OUTW$,
'EFH, 'ECEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$. KAI 'EGW 'EIPON; 'OUDEN 'A=RA 'ESTIN
TWN TH$ 'ARETH$ MORIWN 'ALLO "OION 'EPISTHMH, 'OUD' "OION
DIKAIOSUNH, 'OUD' "OION 'ANDREIA, 'OUD "OION SWFROSUNH, 'OUD'
"OION "OSIOTH$. 'OUK 'EFH. FERE DH, 'EFHN 'EGW, KOINHI SKEYWMEQA
POI*ON TI 'AUTWN 'ESTIN "EKASTON. PRWTON MEN TO TOIONDE;
<P 330C>
"H DIKAIOSUNH PRAGMA TI 'ESTIN 'H= 'OUDEN PRAGMA: 'EMOI4 MEN-GAR
DOKEI0; TI= DE SOI4: 'KAMOI4, 'EFH. TI= 'OUN: 'EI TI$ 'EROITO
'EME TE-KAI SE; 'W* PRWTAGORA TE-KAI SWKRATE$, 'EIPETON4 DH
MOI, TOUTO TO PRAGMA "O= 'WNOMASATE 'ARTI, "H DIKAIOSUNH, 'AUTO
TOUTO DIKAION 'ESTIN 'H= 'ADIKON: 'EGW MEN 'AN4 'AUTWI 'APOKRINAIMHN
"OTI4 DIKAION; SU DE TI=N' 'AN4 YHFON QEIO: THN 'AUTHN 'EMOI4
'H= 'ALLHN: THN 'AUTHN, 'EFH. 'ESTIN 'A=RA TOIOUTON "H DIKAIOSUNH
"OION DIKAION 'EINAI, FAIHN 'AN4 'EGWGE 'APOKRINOMENO$ TW*I
<P 330D>
'ERWTWNTI; 'OUKOU*N KAI SU: NAI, 'EFH. 'EI 'OUN META TOUTO
"HMA$ 'EROITO; 'OUKOU*N KAI "OSIOTHTA TINA FATE0 'EINAI:
FAIMEN 'AN4, "W$ 'EGWIMAI. NAI, 'H*-D'-"O$. 'OUKOU*N FATE0 KAI
TOUTO PRAGMA TI 'EINAI: FAIMEN 'AN4; 'H= 'OU=: KAI TOUTO
SUNEFH. POTERON DE TOUTO 'AUTO TO PRAGMA FATE0 TOIOUTON
PEFUKENAI "OION 'ANOSION 'EINAI 'H= "OION "OSION: 'AGANAKTHSAIM'
'AN4 'EGWG', 'EFHN, TW*I 'ERWTHMATI, KAI 'EIPOIM' 'AN4; 'EUFHMEI5,
'W* 'ANQRWPE; SCOLHI 'MENTAN TI 'ALLO "OSION 'EIH, 'EI MH 'AUTH
<P 330E>
GE "H "OSIOTH$ "OSION 'ESTAI. TI= DE SU: 'OUC "OUTW$ 'AN4
'APOKRINAIO: PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
'EI 'OUN META TOUTO 'EIPOI 'ERWTWN "HMA$; PW*$ 'OUN 'OLIGON
PROTERON 'ELEGETE: 'A*R' 'OUK 'ORQW$ "UMWN KATHKOUSA: 'EDOXATE
MOI FANAI0 TA7 TH$ 'ARETH$ MORIA 'EINAI "OUTW$ 'ECONTA PRO$
'ALLHLA, "W$ 'OUK 'EINAI TO "ETERON 'AUTWN "OION TO "ETERON;
'EIPOIM' 'AN4 'EGWGE "OTI4 TA MEN 'A=LLA 'ORQW$ 'HKOUSA$ "OTI4 DE-KAI
'EME 'OIEI 'EIPEIN TOUTO, PARHKOUSA$; PRWTAGORA$ GAR


<P 331A>
"ODE TAUTA 'APEKRINATO, 'EGW DE 'HRWTWN. 'EI 'OUN 'EIPOI;
'ALHQH "ODE LEGEI0, 'W* PRWTAGORA: SU FH=I$ 'OUK 'EINAI TO
"ETERON MORION "OION TO "ETERON TWN TH$ 'ARETH$: SO$ "OUTO$
"O LOGO$ 'ESTIN: TI= 'AN4 'AUTWI 'APOKRINAIO: 'ANAGKH, 'EFH,
'W* SWKRATE$, "OMOLOGEIN.
TI= 'OUN, 'W* PRWTAGORA, 'APOKRINOUMEQA 'AUTWI, TAUTA "OMOLOGHSANTE$,
'EA=N "HMA$ 'EPANERHTAI; 'OUK-'A=RA 'ESTIN "OSIOTH$
"OION DIKAION 'EINAI PRAGMA, 'OUDE DIKAIOSUNH "OION "OSION 'ALL'
"OION MH "OSION; "H D' "OSIOTH$ "OION MH DIKAION, 'ALL' 'ADIKON
<P 331B>
'A=RA, TO DE 'ANOSION: TI= 'AUTWI 'APOKRINOUMEQA: 'EGW MEN-GAR
'AUTO$ "UPER GE 'EMAUTOU FAIHN 'AN4 KAI THN DIKAIOSUNHN "OSION
'EINAI KAI THN "OSIOTHTA DIKAION; KAI "UPER SOU4 DE, 'EI ME 'EWIH$,
'TAUTA 'AN4 TAUTA 'APOKRINOIMHN, "OTI4 'HTOI 'TAUTON G' 'ESTIN DIKAIOTH$
"OSIOTHTI 'H= "OTI2 "OMOIOTATON, KAI MALISTA PANTWN
"H TE DIKAIOSUNH "OION "OSIOTH$ KAI "H "OSIOTH$ "OION DIKAIOSUNH.
'ALL' "ORA 'EI DIAKWLUEI$ 'APOKRINESQAI, 'H=-KAI SOI4 SUNDOKEI0
"OUTW$. 'OU PANU MOI DOKEI0, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OUTW$ "APLOUN
<P 331C>
'EINAI, "WSTE SUGCWRHSAI0 THN TE DIKAIOSUNHN "OSION 'EINAI KAI
THN "OSIOTHTA DIKAION, 'ALLA= TI MOI DOKEI0 'EN 'AUTWI DIAFORON
'EINAI. 'ALLA= TI= TOUTO DIAFEREI0: 'EFH; 'EI GAR BOULEI, 'ESTW
"HMIN KAI DIKAIOSUNH "OSION KAI "OSIOTH$ DIKAION. MH MOI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW;
'OUDEN-GAR DEOMAI TO 'EI BOULEI TOUTO KAI 'EI
SOI4 DOKEI0 'ELEGCESQAI, 'ALL' 'EME TE-KAI SE; TO D' 'EME
TE-KAI SE TOUTO LEGW0, 'OIOMENO$ "OUTW TON LOGON BELTIST'
<P 331D>
'AN4 'ELEGCESQAI, 'EI TI$ TO 'EI 'AFELOI 'AUTOU4. 'ALLA=-MENTOI,
'H*-D'-"O$, PROSEOIKEN0 TI DIKAIOSUNH "OSIOTHTI; KAI-GAR
"OTIOUN "OTWIOUN "AMHI GE PHI PROSEOIKEN0. TO GAR LEUKON TW*I
MELANI 'ESTIN "OPHI PROSEOIKEN0, KAI TO SKLHRON TW*I MALAKWI,
KAI 'TALLA "A DOKEI0 'ENANTIWTATA 'EINAI 'ALLHLOI$; KAI "A TO=TE
'EFAMEN 'ALLHN DUNAMIN 'ECEIN KAI 'OUK 'EINAI TO "ETERON "OION
TO "ETERON, TA TOU* PROSWPOU MORIA, "AMHI GE PHI PROSEOIKEN0
KAI 'ESTIN TO "ETERON "OION TO "ETERON. "WSTE TOUTWI GE TW*I TROPWI
<P 331E>
'KAN4 TAUTA 'ELEGCOI$, 'EI BOULOIO, "W$ "APANTA 'ESTIN "O=MOIA
'ALLHLOI$. 'ALL' 'OUCI TA "OMOION TI 'ECONTA "O=MOIA DIKAION
KALEIN0, 'OUDE TA 'ANOMOION TI 'ECONTA 'ANO=MOIA, 'KAN2 PANU
SMIKRON 'ECHI5 TO "OMOION. KAI 'EGW QAUMASA$ 'EIPON PRO$
'AUTON; 'H*-GAR "OUTW SOI TO DIKAION KAI TO "OSION PRO$ 'ALLHLA
'ECEI0, "WSTE "OMOION TI SMIKRON 'ECEIN 'ALLHLOI$: 'OU PANU,


<P 332A>
'EFH, "OUTW$, 'OU-MENTOI-'OUDE 'AU "W$ SU MOI DOKEI$ 'OIESQAI.
'ALLA=-MHN, 'EFHN 'EGW, 'EPEIDH DUSCERW$ DOKEI$ MOI 'ECEIN
PRO$ TOUTO, TOUTO MEN 'EASWMEN, TODE DE 'ALLO "WN 'ELEGE$
'EPISKEYWMEQA. 'AFROSUNHN TI KALEI$0: 'EFH. TOUTWI TW*I
PRAGMATI 'OU PAN 'TOUNANTION 'ESTIN "H SOFIA: 'EMOIGE DOKEI0,
'EFH. POTERON DE "OTAN PRATTWSIN "ANQRWPOI 'ORQW$ TE-KAI
'WFELIMW$, TO=TE SWFRONEIN SOI4 DOKOUSIN0 "OUTW PRATTONTE$,
'H= 'EI8 'TOUNANTION 'EPRATTON8: SWFRONEIN, 'EFH. 'OUKOU*N
<P 332B>
SWFROSUNHI SWFRONOUSIN0: 'ANAGKH. 'OUKOU*N "OI MH 'ORQW$
PRATTONTE$ 'AFRONW$ PRATTOUSIN0 KAI 'OU SWFRONOUSIN0 "OUTW
PRATTONTE$: SUNDOKEI0 MOI, 'EFH. 'TOUNANTION 'A=RA 'ESTIN
TO 'AFRONW$ PRATTEIN TW*I SWFRONW$: 'EFH. 'OUKOU*N TA MEN
'AFRONW$ PRATTOMENA 'AFROSUNHI PRATTETAI, TA DE SWFRONW$
SWFROSUNHI: "WMOLOGEI. 'OUKOU*N 'EI TI 'ISCUI PRATTETAI,
'ISCURW$ PRATTETAI, KAI 'EI TI 'ASQENEIA\, 'ASQENW$: 'EDOKEI.
KAI 'EI TI META TACOU$, TACEW$, KAI 'EI TI META BRADUTHTO$,
<P 332C>
BRADEW$: 'EFH. KAI 'EI TI DH "WSAUTW$ PRATTETAI, "UPO
TOU* 'AUTOU4 PRATTETAI, KAI 'EI TI 'ENANTIW$, "UPO TOU* 'ENANTIOU:
SUNEFH. FERE DH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ESTIN TI KALON: SUNECWREI.
TOUTWI 'ESTIN TI 'ENANTION PLHN TO 'AISCRON: 'OUK 'ESTIN.
TI= DE: 'ESTIN TI 'AGAQON: 'ESTIN. TOUTWI 'ESTIN TI 'ENANTION
PLHN TO KAKON: 'OUK 'ESTIN. TI= DE: 'ESTIN TI 'OXU 'EN
FWNHI: 'EFH. TOUTWI MH 'ESTIN TI 'ENANTION 'ALLO PLHN TO
BARU: 'OUK 'EFH. 'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "ENI "EKASTWI TWN 'ENANTIWN
"EN MONON 'ESTIN 'ENANTION KAI 'OU POLLA: SUNWMOLOGEI.
<P 332D>
'IQI DH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ANALOGISWMEQA TA "WMOLOGHMENA
"HMIN. "WMOLOGHKAMEN "EN "ENI MONON 'ENANTION 'EINAI, PLEIW
DE MH: "WMOLOGHKAMEN. TO DE 'ENANTIW$ PRATTOMENON
"UPO 'ENANTIWN PRATTESQAI: 'EFH. "WMOLOGHKAMEN DE
'ENANTIW$ PRATTESQAI "O= "AN4 'AFRONW$ PRATTHTAI TW*I SWFRONW$
PRATTOMENWI: 'EFH. TO DE SWFRONW$ PRATTOMENON
"UPO SWFROSUNH$ PRATTESQAI, TO DE 'AFRONW$ "UPO 'AFROSUNH$:
<P 332E>
SUNECWREI. 'OUKOU*N 'EIPER 'ENANTIW$ PRATTETAI, "UPO
'ENANTIOU PRATTOIT' 'AN4: NAI. PRATTETAI DE TO MEN "UPO
SWFROSUNH$, TO DE "UPO 'AFROSUNH$: NAI. 'ENANTIW$:
PANU GE. 'OUKOU*N "UPO 'ENANTIWN 'ONTWN0: NAI. 'ENANTION
'A=R' 'ESTIN 'AFROSUNH SWFROSUNH$: FAINETAI. MEMNHSAI
'OUN "OTI4 'EN TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN "WMOLOGHTAI "HMIN 'AFROSUNH SOFIA\
'ENANTION 'EINAI: SUNWMOLOGEI. "EN DE "ENI MONON 'ENANTION


<P 333A>
'EINAI: FHMI. POTERON 'OUN, 'W* PRWTAGORA, LUSWMEN TWN
LOGWN: TO "EN "ENI MONON 'ENANTION 'EINAI, 'H= 'EKEINON 'EN "WI 'ELEGETO
"ETERON 'EINAI SWFROSUNH$ SOFIA, MORION DE "EKATERON
'ARETH$, KAI PRO$ TW*I "ETERON 'EINAI KAI 'ANO=MOIA KAI 'AUTA KAI
"AI DUNAMEI$ 'AUTWN, "WSPER TA TOU* PROSWPOU MORIA: POTERON
'OUN-DH LUSWMEN: "OUTOI GAR "OI LOGOI 'AMFOTEROI 'OU PANU
MOUSIKW$ LEGONTAI; 'OU-GAR SUNA\DOUSIN0 'OUDE SUNARMOTTOUSIN0
'ALLHLOI$. PW*$ GAR 'AN4 SUNA\DOIEN, 'EIPER GE 'ANAGKH "ENI
<P 333B>
MEN "EN MONON 'ENANTION 'EINAI, PLEIOSIN DE MH, THI DE 'AFROSUNHI
"ENI 'ONTI SOFIA 'ENANTIA KAI SWFROSUNH 'AU FAINETAI; 'H*-GAR,
'W* PRWTAGORA, 'EFHN 'EGW, 'H= 'ALLW$ PW$: "WMOLOGHSEN
KAI MAL' 'AKONTW$. 'OUKOU*N "EN 'AN4 'EIH "H SWFROSUNH KAI "H
SOFIA: TO DE PROTERON 'AU 'EFANH "HMIN "H DIKAIOSUNH KAI
"H "OSIOTH$ SCEDON TI 'TAUTON 'ON.
'IQI DH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* PRWTAGORA, MH 'APOKAMWMEN 'ALLA=-KAI
TA LOIPA DIASKEYWMEQA. 'A*RA TI$ SOI4 DOKEI0 'ADIKWN
<P 333C>
'ANQRWPO$ SWFRONEIN, "OTI3 'ADIKEI0: 'AISCUNOIMHN 'AN4 'EGWG',
'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, TOUTO "OMOLOGEIN, 'EPEI POLLOI GE FASIN0
TWN 'ANQRWPWN. POTERON 'OUN PRO$ 'EKEINOU$ TON LOGON POIHSOMAI,
'EFHN, 'H= PRO$ SE: 'EI BOULEI, 'EFH, PRO$ TOUTON
PRWTON TON LOGON DIALECQHTI TON TWN POLLWN. 'ALL'
'OUDEN MOI DIAFEREI0, 'EA=N MONON SU GE 'APOKRINHI43, 'EI=T'-'OUN
DOKEI0 SOI4 TAUTA 'EITE MH; TON GAR LOGON 'EGWGE MALISTA
'EXETAZW0, SUMBAINEI0 MENTOI 'ISW$ KAI 'EME TON 'ERWTWNTA KAI
TON 'APOKRINOMENON 'EXETAZESQAI.
<P 333D>
TO MEN-'OUN PRWTON 'EKALLWPIZETO "HMIN "O PRWTAGORA$ % TON
GAR LOGON 'HITIATO DUSCERH 'EINAI % 'EPEITA MENTOI SUNECWRHSEN
'APOKRINESQAI. 'IQI DH, 'EFHN 'EGW, 'EX 'ARCH$ MOI 'APOKRINAI2.
DOKOUSI0 TINE$ SOI4 SWFRONEIN 'ADIKOUNTE$: 'ESTW, 'EFH.
TO DE SWFRONEIN LEGEI$ 'EU FRONEIN: 'EFH. TO D' 'EU
FRONEIN 'EU BOULEUESQAI, "OTI3 'ADIKOUSIN0: 'ESTW, 'EFH.
POTERON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EI 'EU PRATTOUSIN0 'ADIKOUNTE$ 'H= 'EI KAKW$:
'EI 'EU. LEGEI$ 'OUN 'AGAQA 'ATTA 'EINAI: LEGW0. 'A*R'-'OUN,
'H*N-D'-'EGW, TAUT' 'ESTIN 'AGAQA "A 'ESTIN 'WFELIMA TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$:
<P 333E>
KAI NAI MA DI=', 'EFH, 'KAN2 MH TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$
'WFELIMA 'HI, 'EGWGE KALW20 'AGAQA. KAI MOI 'EDOKEI "O PRWTAGORA$
'HDH TETRACUNQAI TE-KAI 'AGWNIAN KAI PARATETACQAI
PRO$ TO 'APOKRINESQAI; 'EPEIDH 'OUN "EWRWN 'AUTON "OUTW$ 'ECONTA,
'EULABOUMENO$ 'HREMA 'HROMHN. POTERON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, LEGEI$, 'W*


<P 334A>
PRWTAGORA, "A MHDENI 'ANQRWPWN 'WFELIMA 'ESTIN, 'H= "A MHDE
TO PARAPAN 'WFELIMA: KAI TA TOIAUTA SU 'AGAQA KALEI$20:
'OUDAMW$, 'EFH; 'ALL' 'EGWGE POLLA 'OID' "A 'ANQRWPOI$ MEN
'ANWFELH 'ESTI, KAI SITIA KAI POTA KAI FARMAKA KAI 'A=LLA
MURIA, TA DE-GE 'WFELIMA; TA DE 'ANQRWPOI$ MEN 'OUDE=TERA,
"IPPOI$ DE; TA DE BOUSIN MONON, TA DE KUSIN; TA DE-GE TOUTWN
MEN 'OUDENI, DENDROI$ DE; TA DE TOU* DENDROU TAI$ MEN "RIZAI$
'AGAQA, TAI$ DE BLASTAI$ PONHRA, "OION KAI "H KOPRO$ PANTWN
<P 334B>
TWN FUTWN TAI$ MEN "RIZAI$ 'AGAQON PARABALLOMENH, 'EI D'
'EQELOI$ 'EPI TOU$ PTORQOU$ KAI TOU$ NEOU$ KLWNA$ 'EPIBALLEIN,
PANTA 'APOLLUSIN; 'EPEI KAI TO 'ELAION TOI$ MEN FUTOI$ "APASIN
'ESTIN PAGKAKON KAI TAI$ QRIXIN POLEMIWTATON TAI$ TWN 'ALLWN
ZWIWN PLHN TAI$ TOU* 'ANQRWPOU, TAI$ DE TOU* 'ANQRWPOU 'ARWGON
KAI TW*I 'ALLWI SWMATI. "OUTW DE POIKILON TI 'ESTIN TO 'AGAQON
KAI PANTODAPON, "WSTE KAI 'ENTAUQA TOI$ MEN 'EXWQEN TOU*
<P 334C>
SWMATO$ 'AGAQON 'ESTIN TW*I 'ANQRWPWI, TOI$ D' 'ENTO$ 'TAUTON
TOUTO KAKISTON; KAI DIA= TOUTO "OI 'IATROI PANTE$ 'APAGOREUOUSIN0
TOI$ 'ASQENOUSIN4 MH CRHSQAI 'ELAIWI 'ALL'-'H= "OTI2 SMIKROTATWI
'EN TOUTOI$ "OI$ MELLEI0 'EDESQAI, "OSON MONON THN DUSCEREIAN
KATASBESAI0 THN 'EPI TAI$ 'AISQHSESI TAI$ DIA= TWN "RINWN
GIGNOMENHN 'EN TOI$ SITIOI$ TE-KAI 'OYOI$.
'EIPONTO$ 'OUN TAUTA 'AUTOU4 "OI PARONTE$ 'ANEQORUBHSAN "W$
'EU LEGOI, KAI 'EGW 'EIPON; 'W* PRWTAGORA, 'EGW TUGCANW0 'EPILHSMWN
TI$ 'WN 'ANQRWPO$, KAI 'EA=N TI$ MOI MAKRA LEGHI5,
<P 334D>
'EPILANQANOMAI PERI= "OU 'AN4 'HI "O LOGO$. "WSPER 'OUN 'EI 'ETUGCANON
"UPOKWFO$ 'WN, 'WIOU 'AN4 CRHNAI0, 'EIPER 'EMELLE$ MOI DIALEXESQAI,
MEIZON FQEGGESQAI 'H= PRO$ TOU$ 'ALLOU$, "OUTW KAI NU*N, 'EPEIDH
'EPILHSMONI 'ENETUCE$, SUNTEMNE MOI TA$ 'APOKRISEI$ KAI
BRACUTERA$ POIEI5, 'EI MELLW0 SOI4 "EPESQAI.
PW*$ 'OUN KELEUEI$ ME BRACEA 'APOKRINESQAI: 'H= BRACU=TERA
SOI4, 'EFH, 'APOKRINWMAI 'H= DEI:
MHDAMW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
'ALL' "OSA DEI: 'EFH.
<P 334E>
NAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
PO=TERA 'OUN "OSA 'EMOI4 DOKEI0 DEIN 'APOKRINESQAI, TOSAUTA
SOI4 'APOKRINWMAI, 'H= "OSA SOI4:
'AKHKOA GOUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OTI4 SU "OIO$-T'-'EI* KAI 'AUTO$ KAI
'ALLON DIDAXAI0 PERI= TWN 'AUTWN KAI MAKRA LEGEIN, 'EA=N BOULHI3,
"OUTW$ "WSTE TON LOGON MHDEPOTE 'EPILIPEIN, KAI 'AU BRACEA


<P 335A>
"OUTW$ "WSTE MHDENA SOU4 'EN BRACUTEROI$ 'EIPEIN; 'EI 'OUN
MELLEI$ 'EMOI4 DIALEXESQAI, TW*I "ETERWI CRW5 TROPWI PRO$ ME,
THI BRACULOGIA\.
'W* SWKRATE$, 'EFH, 'EGW POLLOI$ 'HDH 'EI$ 'AGWNA LOGWN
'AFIKOMHN 'ANQRWPOI$, KAI 'EI TOUTO 'EPOIOUN "O= SU KELEUEI$,
"W$ "O 'ANTILEGWN 'EKELEUEN ME DIALEGESQAI, "OUTW DIELEGOMHN,
'OUDENO$ 'AN4 BELTIWN 'EFAINOMHN 'OUD' 'AN4 'EGENETO PRWTAGOROU
'ONOMA 'EN TOI$ "ELLHSIN.
KAI 'EGW % 'EGNWN GAR "OTI4 'OUK 'HRESEN 'AUTO$ "AUTWI TAI$
<P 335B>
'APOKRISESIN TAI$ 'EMPROSQEN, KAI "OTI4 'OUK 'EQELHSOI "EKWN 'EINAI
'APOKRINOMENO$ DIALEGESQAI % "HGHSAMENO$ 'OUKETI 'EMON 'ERGON
'EINAI PAREINAI 'EN TAI$ SUNOUSIAI$, 'ALLA=-TOI, 'EFHN, 'W*
PRWTAGORA, 'OUD' 'EGW LIPARW$ 'ECW0 PARA TA SOI4 DOKOUNTA
THN SUNOUSIAN "HMIN GIGNESQAI, 'ALL' 'EPEIDAN SU BOULHI3
DIALEGESQAI "W$ 'EGW DUNAMAI "EPESQAI, TO=TE SOI4 DIALEXOMAI.
SU MEN-GAR, "W$ LEGETAI PERI= SOU4, FH=I$ DE-KAI 'AUTO$, KAI 'EN
MAKROLOGIA\ KAI 'EN BRACULOGIA\ "OIO$-T'-'EI* SUNOUSIA$ POIEISQAI
<P 335C> %
SOFO$ GAR 'EI* % 'EGW DE TA MAKRA TAUTA 'ADUNATO$, 'EPEI
'EBOULOMHN 'AN4 "OIO$-T'-'EINAI. 'ALLA= SE 'ECRHN "HMIN SUGCWREIN
TON 'AMFO=TERA DUNAMENON, "INA "H SUNOUSIA 'EGIGNETO; NU*N DE
'EPEIDH 'OUK 'EQELEI$ KAI 'EMOI4 TI$ 'ASCOLIA 'ESTIN KAI 'OUK 'AN4 "OIO$-T'-'EIHN
SOI4 PARAMEINAI0 'APOTEINONTI MAKROU$ LOGOU$ % 'ELQEIN
GAR POI ME DEI % 'EI*MI; 'EPEI KAI TAUT' 'AN4 'ISW$ 'OUK 'AHDW$ SOU4
'HKOUON.
KAI "AMA TAUT' 'EIPWN 'ANISTAMHN "W$ 'APIWN; KAI MOU
'ANISTAMENOU 'EPILAMBANETAI "O KALLIA$ TH$ CEIRO$ THI DEXIA\,
<P 335D>
THI D' 'ARISTERA\ 'ANTELABETO TOU* TRIBWNO$ TOUTOUI, KAI 'EI*PEN;
'OUK 'AFHSOMEN SE, 'W* SWKRATE$; 'EA=N GAR SU 'EXELQHI$, 'OUC
"OMOIW$ "HMIN 'ESONTAI "OI DIALOGOI. DEOMAI 'OUN SOU4 PARAMEINAI0
"HMIN; "W$ 'EGW 'OUD' 'AN4 "ENO$ "HDION 'AKOUSAIMI 'H= SOU4 TE-KAI
PRWTAGOROU DIALEGOMENWN. 'ALLA= CARISAI "HMIN PASIN.
KAI 'EGW 'EIPON % 'HDH DE 'ANEISTHKH "W$ 'EXIWN % 'W* PAI
"IPPONIKOU, 'AEI MEN 'EGWGE SOU4 THN FILOSOFIAN 'AGAMAI, 'ATAR-KAI
<P 335E>
NU*N 'EPAINW0 KAI FILW0, "WSTE BOULOIMHN 'AN4 CARIZESQAI
SOI4, 'EI MOU DUNATA DEOIO; NU*N D' 'ESTIN "WSPER 'AN4 'EI DEOIO
MOU KRISWNI TW*I "IMERAIWI DROMEI 'AKMAZONTI "EPESQAI, 'H= TWN
DOLICODROMWN TWI 'H= TWN "HMERODROMWN DIAQEIN TE-KAI "EPESQAI,


<P 336A>
'EIPOIMI 'AN4 SOI4 "OTI4 POLU SOU4 MALLON 'EGW 'EMAUTOU DEOMAI
QEOUSIN4 TOUTOI$ 'AKOLOUQEIN, 'ALL'-'OU-GAR DUNAMAI, 'ALL' 'EI TI
DEHI0 QEASASQAI 'EN TW*I 'AUTWI 'EME TE-KAI KRISWNA QEONTA$,
TOUTOU DEOU SUGKAQEINAI; 'EGW MEN-GAR 'OU DUNAMAI TACU QEIN,
"OUTO$ DE DUNATAI BRADEW$. 'EI 'OUN 'EPIQUMEI$ 'EMOU4 KAI PRWTAGOROU
'AKOUEIN, TOUTOU DEOU, "WSPER TO PRWTON MOI 'APEKRINATO
DIA= BRACEWN TE-KAI 'AUTA TA 'ERWTWMENA, "OUTW KAI NU*N 'APOKRINESQAI;
<P 336B>
'EI DE MH, TI=$ "O TROPO$ 'ESTAI TWN DIALOGWN: CWRI$
GAR 'EGWG' 'WIMHN 'EINAI TO SUNEINAI TE 'ALLHLOI$ DIALEGOMENOU$
KAI TO DHMHGOREIN.
'ALL' % "ORA*I$0?& 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, DI=KAIA DOKEI0 LEGEIN
PRWTAGORA$ 'AXIWN "AUTWI TE 'EXEINAI DIALEGESQAI "OPW$ BOULETAI,
KAI SU "OPW$ 'AN4 'AU SU BOULHI3.
"UPOLABWN 'OUN "O 'ALKIBIADH$, 'OU KALW$ LEGEI$, 'EFH, 'W*
KALLIA; SWKRATH$ MEN-GAR "ODE "OMOLOGEI0 MH METEINAI "OI2
MAKROLOGIA$ KAI PARACWREI0 PRWTAGORA\, TOU* DE DIALEGESQAI
<P 336C>
"OIO$-T'-'EINAI KAI 'EPISTASQAI LOGON TE DOUNAI KAI DEXASQAI
QAUMAZOIM' 'AN4 'EI TWI 'ANQRWPWN PARACWREI0. 'EI MEN-'OUN-KAI
PRWTAGORA$ "OMOLOGEI0 FAULOTERO$ 'EINAI SWKRATOU$ DIALECQHNAI,
'EXARKEI0 SWKRATEI; 'EI DE 'ANTIPOIEITAI, DIALEGESQW
'ERWTWN TE-KAI 'APOKRINOMENO$, MH 'EF' "EKASTHI 'ERWTHSEI
MAKRON LOGON 'APOTEINWN, 'EKKROUWN TOU$ LOGOU$ KAI 'OUK 'EQELWN
<P 336D>
DIDONAI LOGON, 'ALL' 'APOMHKUNWN "EW$ 'AN4 'EPILAQWNTAI PERI=
"OTOU TO 'ERWTHMA 'H*N "OI POLLOI TWN 'AKOUONTWN0; 'EPEI SWKRATH
GE 'EGW 'EGGUWMAI0 MH 'EPILHSESQAI, 'OUC-"OTI4 PAIZEI0 KAI FHSIN
'EPILHSMWN 'EINAI. 'EMOI4 MEN-'OUN DOKEI0 'EPIEIKE=STERA SWKRATH$
LEGEIN; CRH GAR "EKASTON THN "EAUTOU GNWMHN 'APOFAINESQAI.
META DE TON 'ALKIBIADHN, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, KRITIA$ 'H*N "O 'EIPWN;
'W* PRODIKE KAI "IPPIA, KALLIA$ MEN DOKEI0 MOI MALA PRO$
<P 336E>
PRWTAGOROU 'EINAI, 'ALKIBIADH$ DE 'AEI FILONIKO$ 'ESTI PRO$ "O=
'AN4 "ORMHSHI6; "HMA$ DE 'OUDEN DEI SUMFILONIKEIN 'OUTE SWKRATEI
'OUTE PRWTAGORA\, 'ALLA= KOINHI 'AMFOTERWN DEISQAI MH METAXU
DIALUSAI0 THN SUNOUSIAN.


<P 337A>
'EIPONTO$ DE 'AUTOU4 TAUTA, "O PRODIKO$, KALW$ MOI, 'EFH,
DOKEI$ LEGEIN, 'W* KRITIA; CRH GAR TOU$ 'EN TOIOISDE LOGOI$
PARAGIGNOMENOU$ KOINOU$ MEN 'EINAI 'AMFOIN TOIN DIALEGOMENOIN
'AKROATA$, 'ISOU$ DE MH % 'ESTIN GAR 'OU 'TAUTON; KOINHI MEN-GAR
'AKOUSAI0 DEI 'AMFOTERWN, MH 'ISON DE NEIMAI0 "EKATERWI, 'ALLA=
TW*I MEN SOFWTERWI PLEON, TW*I DE 'AMAQESTERWI 'ELATTON. 'EGW
MEN-KAI 'AUTO$, 'W* PRWTAGORA TE-KAI SWKRATE$, 'AXIW0 "UMA$
SUGCWREIN KAI 'ALLHLOI$ PERI= TWN LOGWN 'AMFISBHTEIN MEN
<P 337B>
'ERIZEIN DE MH % 'AMFISBHTOUSI0 MEN-GAR-KAI DI' 'EUNOIAN "OI
FILOI TOI$ FILOI$, 'ERIZOUSIN0 DE "OI DIAFOROI TE-KAI 'ECQROI
'ALLHLOI$ % KAI "OUTW$ 'AN4 KALLISTH "HMIN "H SUNOUSIA GIGNOITO;
"UMEI$ TE-GAR "OI LEGONTE$ MALIST' 'AN4 "OUTW$ 'EN "HMIN TOI$
'AKOUOUSIN4 'EUDOKIMOITE KAI 'OUK 'EPAINOISQE % 'EUDOKIMEIN MEN-GAR
'ESTIN PARA TAI$ YUCAI$ TWN 'AKOUONTWN0 'ANEU 'APATH$,
'EPAINEISQAI DE 'EN LOGWI POLLAKI$ PARA DOXAN YEUDOMENWN %
<P 337C>
"HMEI$ T' 'AU "OI 'AKOUONTE$ MALIST' 'AN4 "OUTW$ 'EUFRAINOIMEQA,
'OUC "HDOIMESQA % 'EUFRAINESQAI MEN-GAR 'ESTIN MANQANONTA TI
KAI FRONHSEW$ METALAMBANONTA 'AUTHI THI DIANOIA\, "HDESQAI DE
'ESQIONTA TI 'H= 'ALLO "HDU PASCONTA 'AUTWI TW*I SWMATI.
TAUTA 'OUN 'EIPONTO$ TOU* PRODIKOU POLLOI PANU TWN
PARONTWN0 'APEDEXANTO; META DE TON PRODIKON "IPPIA$ "O
SOFO$ 'EI*PEN, 'W* 'ANDRE$, 'EFH, "OI PARONTE$, "HGOUMAI 'EGW
"UMA$ SUGGENEI$ TE-KAI 'OIKEIOU$ KAI POLITA$ "APANTA$ 'EINAI %
<P 337D>
FUSEI, 'OU NOMWI; TO GAR "OMOION TW*I "OMOIWI FUSEI SUGGENE$
'ESTIN, "O DE NOMO$, TURANNO$ 'WN TWN 'ANQRWPWN, POLLA PARA
THN FUSIN BIAZETAI % "HMA$ 'OUN 'AISCRON THN MEN FUSIN TWN
PRAGMATWN 'EIDENAI, SOFWTATOU$ DE 'ONTA$ TWN "ELLHNWN, KAI
KAT' 'AUTO TOUTO NU*N SUNELHLUQOTA$ TH$ TE "ELLADO$ 'EI$ 'AUTO
TO PRUTANEION TH$ SOFIA$ KAI 'AUTH$ TH$ POLEW$ 'EI$ TON
MEGISTON KAI 'OLBIWTATON 'OIKON TONDE, MHDEN TOUTOU TOU*
<P 337E>
'AXIWMATO$ 'AXION 'APOFHNASQAI, 'ALL' "WSPER TOU$ FAULOTATOU$
TWN 'ANQRWPWN DIAFERESQAI 'ALLHLOI$. 'EGW MEN-'OUN-KAI
DEOMAI KAI SUMBOULEUW0, 'W* PRWTAGORA TE-KAI SWKRATE$,
SUMBHNAI0 "UMA$ "WSPER "UPO DIAITHTWN "HMWN SUMBIBAZONTWN0


<P 338A>
'EI$ TO MESON, KAI-MHTE SE TO 'AKRIBE$ TOUTO 'EIDO$ TWN
DIALOGWN ZHTEIN TO KATA BRACU LIAN, 'EI MH "HDU PRWTAGORA\,
'ALL' 'EFEINAI0 KAI CALASAI0 TA$ "HNIA$ TOI$ LOGOI$, "INA MEGALOPREPESTEROI
KAI 'EUSCHMONESTEROI "HMIN FAINWNTAI, MHT' 'AU
PRWTAGORAN PANTA KALWN 'EKTEINANTA, 'OURIA\ 'EFENTA, FEUGEIN
'EI$ TO PELAGO$ TWN LOGWN 'APOKRUYANTA GHN, 'ALLA= MESON
TI 'AMFOTEROU$ TEMEIN2. "W=$ 'OUN POIHSETE, KAI PEIQESQE2 MOI
"RABDOUCON KAI 'EPISTATHN KAI PRUTANIN "ELESQAI "O$ "UMIN
<P 338B>
FULAXEI2 TO METRION MHKO$ TWN LOGWN "EKATEROU.
TAUTA 'HRESE TOI$ PAROUSI4, KAI PANTE$ 'EPHINESAN, KAI 'EME
TE "O KALLIA$ 'OUK 'EFH 'AFHSEIN KAI "ELESQAI 'EDEONTO 'EPISTATHN.
'EIPON 'OUN 'EGW "OTI4 'AISCRON 'EIH BRABEUTHN "ELESQAI TWN LOGWN.
'EITE-GAR CEIRWN 'ESTAI "HMWN "O "AIREQEI$, 'OUK 'ORQW$ 'AN4 'ECOI
TON CEIRW TWN BELTIONWN 'EPISTATEIN, 'EITE "OMOIO$, 'OUD'
"OUTW$ 'ORQW$; "O GAR "OMOIO$ "HMIN "O=MOIA KAI POIHSEI2, "WSTE 'EK
<P 338C>
PERITTOU "HIRHSETAI. 'ALLA=-DH BELTIONA "HMWN "AIRHSESQE. THI
MEN 'ALHQEIA\, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, 'ADUNATON "UMIN "WSTE PRWTAGOROU
TOUDE SOFWTERON TINA "ELESQAI; 'EI DE "AIRHSESQE MEN MHDEN
BELTIW, FHSETE DE, 'AISCRON KAI TOUTO TWIDE GIGNETAI, "WSPER
FAULWI 'ANQRWPWI 'EPISTATHN "AIREISQAI, 'EPEI TO G' 'EMON 'OUDEN
MOI DIAFEREI0. 'ALL' "OUTWSI 'EQELW0 POIHSAI0, "IN' "O= PROQUMEISQE0
SUNOUSIA TE-KAI DIALOGOI "HMIN GIGNWNTAI; 'EI MH BOULETAI
<P 338D>
PRWTAGORA$ 'APOKRINESQAI, "OUTO$ MEN 'ERWTATW, 'EGW DE 'APOKRINOUMAI,
KAI "AMA PEIRASOMAI 'AUTWI DEIXAI0 "W$ 'EGW FHMI
CRHNAI0 TON 'APOKRINOMENON 'APOKRINESQAI; 'EPEIDAN DE 'EGW
'APOKRINWMAI "OPOS' 'AN4 "OUTO$ BOULHTAI 'ERWTAN, PALIN "OUTO$
'EMOI4 LOGON "UPOSCETW "OMOIW$. 'EA=N 'OUN MH DOKHI5 PROQUMO$ 'EINAI
PRO$ 'AUTO TO 'ERWTWMENON 'APOKRINESQAI, KAI 'EGW KAI "UMEI$ KOINHI
DEHSOMEQA 'AUTOU4 "APER "UMEI$ 'EMOU4, MH DIAFQEIREIN THN SUNOUSIAN;
<P 338E>
KAI 'OUDEN DEI TOUTOU "ENEKA "ENA 'EPISTATHN GENESQAI,
'ALLA= PANTE$ KOINHI 'EPISTATHSETE. 'EDOKEI PASIN "OUTW POIHTEON
'EINAI; KAI "O PRWTAGORA$ PANU MEN 'OUK 'HQELEN, "OMW$
DE 'HNAGKASQH "OMOLOGHSAI0 'ERWTHSEIN, KAI 'EPEIDAN "IKANW$
'ERWTHSHI6, PALIN DWSEIN LOGON KATA SMIKRON 'APOKRINOMENO$.
'HRXATO 'OUN 'ERWTAN "OUTWSI PW$; "HGOUMAI, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$,
'EGW 'ANDRI PAIDEIA$ MEGISTON MERO$ 'EINAI PERI= 'EPWN


<P 339A>
DEINON 'EINAI; 'ESTIN DE TOUTO TA "UPO TWN POIHTWN LEGOMENA
"OION-T'-'EINAI SUNIENAI "A TE 'ORQW$ PEPOIHTAI KAI "A MH, KAI
'EPISTASQAI DIELEIN TE-KAI 'ERWTWMENON LOGON DOUNAI. KAI-DH-KAI
NU*N 'ESTAI TO 'ERWTHMA PERI= TOU* 'AUTOU4 MEN PERI= "OUPER 'EGW
TE-KAI SU NU*N DIALEGOMEQA, PERI= 'ARETH$, METENHNEGMENON
D' 'EI$ POIHSIN; TOSOUTON MONON DIOISEI2. LEGEI0 GAR-POU
SIMWNIDH$ PRO$ SKOPAN TON KREONTO$ "UON TOU* QETTALOU "OTI4
<P 339B>
'ANDR'9 'AGAQON9 MEN9 'ALAQEW$9 GENESQAI9 CALEPON9,
CERSIN9 TE9-KAI9 POSI9 KAI9 NOWI9 TETRAGWNON9, 'ANEU9 YOGOU9
TETUGMENON9.
TOUTO 'EPISTASAI TO 'A\SMA, 'H= PAN SOI4 DIEXELQW:
KAI 'EGW 'EIPON "OTI4 'OUDEN DEI; 'EPISTAMAI TE-GAR-KAI PANU
MOI TUGCANEI0 MEMELHKO$ TOU* 'A\SMATO$.
'EU, 'EFH, LEGEI$. POTERON 'OUN KALW$ SOI4 DOKEI0 PEPOIHSQAI
KAI 'ORQW$, 'H= 'OU=: PANU 'EFHN 'EGW, KALW$7 TE-KAI 'ORQW$.
DOKEI0 DE SOI4 KALW$ PEPOIHSQAI, 'EI 'ENANTIA LEGEI0 'AUTO$
"AUTWI "O POIHTH$: 'OU KALW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. "ORA DH, 'EFH,
<P 339C>
BELTION. 'ALL', 'WGAQE, 'ESKEMMAI "IKANW$. 'OISQA 'OUN, 'EFH,
"OTI4 PROIONTO$ TOU* 'A\SMATO$ LEGEI0 POU %
'OUDE9 MOI9 'EMMELEW$9 TO9 PITTAKEION9 NEMETAI9,
KAITOI9 SOFOU9 PARA9 FWTO$9 'EIRHMENON9; CALEPON9 FAT'9 'ESQLON9
'EMMENAI9.
'ENNOEI$ "OTI4 "O 'AUTO$ "OUTO$ KAI TADE LEGEI0 'KAKEINA TA 'EMPROSQEN?&
'OIDA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. DOKEI0 'OUN SOI4, 'EFH, TAUTA 'EKEINOI$ "OMOLOGEISQAI:
FAINETAI 'EMOIGE % KAI "AMA MENTOI 'EFOBOUMHN MH
TI LEGOI % 'ATAR, 'EFHN 'EGW, SOI4 'OU FAINETAI: PW*$ GAR 'AN4
<P 339D>
FAINOITO "OMOLOGEIN 'AUTO$ "EAUTWI "O TAUTA 'AMFO=TERA LEGWN,
"O$ GE TO MEN PRWTON 'AUTO$ "UPEQETO CALEPON1 'EINAI 'ANDRA1
'AGAQON1 GENESQAI1 'ALAQEIA\1, 'OLIGON DE TOU* POIHMATO$ 'EI$ TO
PROSQEN PROELQWN 'EPELAQETO, KAI PITTAKON TON 'TAUTA
LEGONTA "EAUTWI, "OTI4 CALEPON1 'ESQLON1 'EMMENAI1, TOUTON
MEMFETAI TE-KAI 'OU FHSIN 'APODECESQAI 'AUTOU4 TA 'AUTA "EAUTWI
LEGONTO$: KAITOI "OPOTE TON 'TAUTA LEGONTA "AUTWI MEMFETAI,
DHLON "OTI4 KAI "EAUTON MEMFETAI, "WSTE 'HTOI TO PROTERON 'H=
"USTERON 'OUK 'ORQW$ LEGEI0.
'EIPWN 'OUN TAUTA POLLOI$ QORUBON PARESCEN KAI 'EPAINON
<P 339E>
TWN 'AKOUONTWN0; KAI 'EGW TO MEN PRWTON, "WSPEREI "UPO 'AGAQOU
PUKTOU PLHGEI$, 'ESKOTWQHN TE-KAI 'ILIGGIASA 'EIPONTO$ 'AUTOU
TAUTA KAI TWN 'ALLWN 'EPIQORUBHSANTWN0; 'EPEITA % "W$ GE PRO$
SE 'EIRHSQAI 'TALHQH, "INA MOI CRONO$ 'EGGENHTAI THI SKEYEI TI=
LEGOI "O POIHTH$ % TREPOMAI PRO$ TON PRODIKON, KAI KALESA$
'AUTON, 'W* PRODIKE, 'EFHN 'EGW, SO$ MENTOI SIMWNIDH$ POLITH$;


<P 340A>
DIKAIO$ 'EI* BOHQEIN TW*I 'ANDRI. DOKW0 'OUN MOI 'EGW PARAKALEIN
SE; "WSPER 'EFH "OMHRO$ TON SKAMANDRON POLIORKOUMENOU "UPO
TOU* 'ACILLEW$ TON SIMOENTA PARAKALEIN0, 'EIPONTA %
FILE9 KASIGNHTE9, SQENO$9 'ANERO$9 'AMFOTEROI9 PER9
SCWMEN9,
'ATAR-KAI 'EGW SE PARAKALW0, MH "HMIN "O PRWTAGORA$ TON
SIMWNIDHN 'EKPERSHI61. KAI-GAR-'OUN-KAI DEITAI TO "UPER SIMWNIDOU
'EPANORQWMA TH$ SH$ MOUSIKH$, "HI TO TE-BOULESQAI KAI
<P 340B>
'EPIQUMEIN DIAIREI$ "W$ 'OU 'TAUTON 'ON, KAI "A NUNDH 'EIPE$ POLLA
TE-KAI KALA. KAI NU*N SKOPEI5 'EI SOI4 SUNDOKEI0 "OPER 'EMOI4.
'OU-GAR FAINETAI 'ENANTIA LEGEIN 'AUTO$ "AUTWI SIMWNIDH$. SU
GAR, 'W* PRODIKE, PROAPOFHNAI2 THN SHN GNWMHN; 'TAUTON SOI4
DOKEI0 'EINAI TO GENESQAI KAI TO 'EINAI, 'H= 'ALLO: 'ALLO NH DI=',
'EFH "O PRODIKO$. 'OUKOU*N, 'EFHN 'EGW, 'EN MEN TOI$ PRWTOI$
'AUTO$ "O SIMWNIDH$ THN "EAUTOU GNWMHN 'APEFHNATO, "OTI4 'ANDRA1
<P 340C>
'AGAQON1 'ALHQEIA\1 GENESQAI1 CALEPON1 'EIH: 'ALHQH LEGEI$, 'EFH
"O PRODIKO$. TON DE-GE PITTAKON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, MEMFETAI, 'OUC
"W$ 'OIETAI PRWTAGORA$, 'TAUTON "EAUTWI LEGONTA, 'ALL' 'ALLO.
'OU-GAR TOUTO "O PITTAKO$ 'ELEGEN TO CALEPON1, GENESQAI1
'ESQLON1, "WSPER "O SIMWNIDH$, 'ALLA= TO 'EMMENAI1; 'ESTIN DE 'OU
'TAUTON, 'W* PRWTAGORA, "W$ FHSIN PRODIKO$ "ODE, TO 'EINAI KAI
TO GENESQAI. 'EI DE MH TO 'AUTO 'ESTIN TO 'EINAI TW*I GENESQAI,
'OUK 'ENANTIA LEGEI0 "O SIMWNIDH$ 'AUTO$ "AUTWI. KAI 'ISW$ 'AN4
<P 340D>
FAIH PRODIKO$ "ODE KAI 'ALLOI POLLOI KAQ' "HSIODON GENESQAI
MEN 'AGAQON CALEPON 'EINAI % TH$9 GAR 'ARETH$9 'EMPROSQEN
TOU$ QEOU$9 "IDRWTA9 QEINAI90 % "OTAN DE TI$ 'AUTH$ 'EI$9
'AKRON9 "IKHTAI1, "RHIDIHN9 'DHPEITA9 PELEIN9, CALEPHN9
PER9 'EOUSAN9, 'EKTHSQAI.
"O MEN-'OUN PRODIKO$ 'AKOUSA$ TAUTA 'EPHINESEN ME; "O DE
PRWTAGORA$, TO 'EPANORQWMA SOI4, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, MEIZON
"AMARTHMA 'ECEI0 'H= "O= 'EPANORQOI$0.
KAI 'EGW 'EIPON; KAKON 'A=RA MOI 'EIRGASTAI, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'W*
<P 340E>
PRWTAGORA, KAI 'EIMI TI$ GELOIO$ 'IATRO$; 'IWMENO$ MEIZON TO
NOSHMA POIW0.
'ALL' "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, 'EFH.
PW*$ DH: 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
POLLH 'AN, 'EFH, 'AMAQIA 'EIH TOU* POIHTOU, 'EI "OUTW FAULON
TI FHSIN 'EINAI THN 'ARETHN 'EKTHSQAI, "O= 'ESTIN PANTWN CALEPWTATON,
"W$ "APASIN DOKEI0 'ANQRWPOI$.
KAI 'EGW 'EIPON; NH TON DI=A, 'EI$ KAIRON GE PARATETUCHKEN0
"HMIN 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$ PRODIKO$ "ODE. KINDUNEUEI0 GAR-TOI, 'W*


<P 341A>
PRWTAGORA, "H PRODIKOU SOFIA QEI=A TI$ 'EINAI PALAI, 'HTOI
'APO SIMWNIDOU 'ARXAMENH, 'H=-KAI 'ETI PALAIOTE=RA. SU DE
'ALLWN POLLWN 'EMPEIRO$ 'WN TAUTH$ 'APEIRO$ 'EINAI FAINHI0, 'OUC
"WSPER 'EGW 'EMPEIRO$ DIA= TO MAQHTH$ 'EINAI PRODIKOU TOUTOUI;
KAI NU*N MOI DOKEI$ 'OU MANQANEIN "OTI4 KAI TO CALEPON1 TOUTO
'ISW$ 'OUC "OUTW$ SIMWNIDH$ "UPELAMBANEN "WSPER SU "UPOLAMBANEI$,
'ALL' "WSPER PERI= TOU* DEINOU PRODIKO$ ME "OUTOSI
NOUQETEI0 "EKASTOTE, "OTAN 'EPAINWN 'EGW 'H= SE 'H= 'ALLON TINA
LEGW3 "OTI4 PRWTAGORA$ SOFO$ KAI DEINO$ 'ESTIN 'ANHR, 'ERWTA*I0
<P 341B>
'EI 'OUK 'AISCUNOMAI 'TAGAQA DEINA KALWN0. TO GAR DEINON,
FHSIN, KAKON 'ESTIN; 'OUDEI$ GOUN LEGEI0 "EKASTOTE DEINOU
PLOUTOU 'OUDE DEINH$ 'EIRHNH$ 'OUDE DEINH$ "UGIEIA$, 'ALLA=
DEINH$ NOSOU KAI DEINOU POLEMOU KAI DEINH$ PENIA$,
"W$ TOU* DEINOU KAKOU 'ONTO$. 'ISW$ 'OUN-KAI TO CALEPON 'AU "OI
KEIOI KAI "O SIMWNIDH$ 'H= KAKON "UPOLAMBANOUSI0 'H= 'ALLO TI
"O= SU 'OU MANQANEI$; 'ERWMEQA 'OUN PRODIKON % DIKAION GAR THN
SIMWNIDOU FWNHN TOUTON 'ERWTAN % TI= 'ELEGEN, 'W* PRODIKE, TO
<P 341C>
CALEPON1 SIMWNIDH$:
KAKON, 'EFH.
DIA= TAUT' 'A=RA KAI MEMFETAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* PRODIKE, TON
PITTAKON LEGONTA CALEPON1 'ESQLON1 'EMMENAI1, "WSPER 'AN4
'EI 'HKOUEN 'AUTOU4 LEGONTO$ "OTI4 'ESTIN KAKON 'ESQLON1 'EMMENAI1.
'ALLA= TI= 'OIEI, 'EFH, LEGEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$, SIMWNIDHN 'ALLO
'H= TOUTO, KAI 'ONEIDIZEIN TW*I PITTAKWI "OTI4 TA 'ONOMATA 'OUK 'HPISTATO
'ORQW$ DIAIREIN "ATE LESBIO$ 'WN KAI 'EN FWNHI BARBARWI
TEQRAMMENO$:
'AKOUEI$ DH, 'EFHN 'EGW, 'W* PRWTAGORA, PRODIKOU TOUDE.
<P 341D>
'ECEI$ TI PRO$ TAUTA LEGEIN:
KAI "O PRWTAGORA$, POLLOU GE DEI, 'EFH, "OUTW$ 'ECEIN, 'W*
PRODIKE; 'ALL' 'EGW 'EU 'OID' "OTI4 KAI SIMWNIDH$ TO CALEPON1
'ELEGEN "OPER "HMEI$ "OI 'ALLOI, 'OU TO KAKON, 'ALL' "O= 'AN4 MH
"RA\DION 'HI 'ALLA= DIA= POLLWN PRAGMATWN GIGNHTAI.
'ALLA=-KAI 'EGW 'OIMAI, 'EFHN, 'W* PRWTAGORA, TOUTO LEGEIN
SIMWNIDHN, KAI PRODIKON GE TONDE 'EIDENAI, 'ALLA= PAIZEIN KAI
SOU4 DOKEIN 'APOPEIRASQAI 'EI "OIO$-T'-'ESHI TW*I SAUTOU LOGWI
BOHQEIN. 'EPEI "OTI4 GE SIMWNIDH$ 'OU LEGEI0 TO CALEPON1
<P 341E>
KAKON, MEGA TEKMHRION 'ESTIN 'EUQU$ TO META TOUTO "RHMA;
LEGEI0 GAR "OTI4 %
QEO$9 'AN94 MONO$9 TOUT'9 'ECOI9 GERA$9,
'OU-DHPOU TOUTO GE LEGWN, KAKON 'ESQLON1 'EMMENAI1, 'EITA
TON QEON1 FHSIN MONON1 TOUTO1 'AN41 'ECEIN1 KAI TW*I QEWI TOUTO
GERA$1 'APENEIME MONWI; 'AKOLASTON GAR 'AN4 TINA LEGOI SIMWNIDHN
"O PRODIKO$ KAI 'OUDAMW$ KEION. 'ALL' "A MOI DOKEI0
DIANOEISQAI SIMWNIDH$ 'EN TOUTWI TW*I 'A\SMATI, 'EQELW0 SOI4 'EIPEIN,


<P 342A>
'EI BOULEI LABEIN MOU PEIRAN "OPW$ 'ECW0, "O= SU LEGEI$ TOUTO,
PERI= 'EPWN; 'EA=N DE BOULHI3, SOU4 'AKOUSOMAI.
"O MEN-'OUN PRWTAGORA$ 'AKOUSA$ MOU TAUTA LEGONTO$, 'EI
SU BOULEI, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$; "O DE PRODIKO$ TE-KAI "O "IPPIA$
'EKELEUETHN PANU, KAI "OI 'ALLOI.
'EGW TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "A GE MOI DOKEI0 PERI= TOU* 'A\SMATO$
TOUTOU, PEIRASOMAI "UMIN DIEXELQEIN. FILOSOFIA GAR 'ESTIN
PALAIOTATH TE-KAI PLEISTH TWN "ELLHNWN 'EN KRHTHI TE-KAI
<P 342B>
'EN LAKEDAIMONI, KAI SOFISTAI PLEISTOI GH$ 'EKEI 'EISIN; 'ALL'
'EXARNOUNTAI KAI SCHMATIZONTAI 'AMAQEI$ 'EINAI, "INA MH KATADHLOI
'WSIN "OTI4 SOFIA\ TWN "ELLHNWN PERIEISIN, "WSPER "OU$
PRWTAGORA$ 'ELEGE TOU$ SOFISTA$, 'ALLA= DOKWSIN TW*I MACESQAI
KAI 'ANDREIA\ PERIEINAI, "HGOUMENOI, 'EI GNWSQEIEN "WI
PERIEISIN, PANTA$ TOUTO 'ASKHSEIN, THN SOFIAN. NU*N DE
'APOKRUYAMENOI 'EKEINO 'EXHPATHKASIN TOU$ 'EN TAI$ POLESI
LAKWNIZONTA$, KAI "OI MEN 'WTA TE KATAGNUNTAI MIMOUMENOI
<P 342C>
'AUTOU$, KAI "IMANTA$ PERIEILITTONTAI KAI FILOGUMNASTOUSIN0
KAI BRACEIA$ 'ANABOLA$ FOROUSIN0, "W$ DH TOUTOI$ KRATOUNTA$
TWN "ELLHNWN TOU$ LAKEDAIMONIOU$; "OI DE LAKEDAIMONIOI,
'EPEIDAN BOULWNTAI 'ANEDHN TOI$ PAR' "AUTOI$ SUGGENESQAI
SOFISTAI$ KAI 'HDH 'ACQWNTAI LAQRA\ SUGGIGNOMENOI, XENHLASIA$
POIOUMENOI TWN TE LAKWNIZONTWN0 TOUTWN KAI 'EA=N TI$
'ALLO$ XENO$ 'WN 'EPIDHMHSHI6, SUGGIGNONTAI TOI$ SOFISTAI$
LANQANONTE$ TOU$ XENOU$, KAI 'AUTOI 'OUDENA 'EWSIN0 TWN NEWN
<P 342D>
'EI$ TA$ 'ALLA$ POLEI$ 'EXIENAI, "WSPER 'OUDE KRHTE$, "INA MH
'APOMANQANWSIN "A 'AUTOI DIDASKOUSIN0. 'EISIN DE 'EN TAUTAI$
TAI$ POLESIN 'OU MONON 'ANDRE$ 'EPI PAIDEUSEI MEGA FRONOUNTE$,
'ALLA=-KAI GUNAIKE$. GNOITE D' 'AN4 "OTI4 'EGW TAUTA 'ALHQH
LEGW0 KAI LAKEDAIMONIOI PRO$ FILOSOFIAN KAI LOGOU$ 'ARISTA
PEPAIDEUNTAI, "WDE; 'EI GAR 'EQELEI0 TI$ LAKEDAIMONIWN TW*I
FAULOTATWI SUGGENESQAI, TA MEN POLLA 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$ "EURHSEI2
<P 342E>
'AUTON FAULON TINA FAINOMENON, 'EPEITA, "OPOU 'AN4 TUCHI6
TWN LEGOMENWN, 'ENEBALEN "RHMA 'AXION LOGOU BRACU KAI
SUNESTRAMMENON "WSPER DEINO$ 'AKONTISTH$, "WSTE FAINESQAI
TON PROSDIALEGOMENON PAIDO$ MHDEN BELTIW. TOUTO 'OUN
'AUTO KAI TWN NU*N 'EISIN "OI= KATANENOHKASI KAI TWN PALAI, "OTI4
TO LAKWNIZEIN POLU MALLON 'ESTIN FILOSOFEIN 'H= FILOGUMNASTEIN,
'EIDOTE$ "OTI4 TOIAUTA "OION-T'-'EINAI "RHMATA FQEGGESQAI


<P 343A>
TELEW$ PEPAIDEUMENOU 'ESTIN 'ANQRWPOU. TOUTWN 'H*N KAI
QALH$ "O MILHSIO$ KAI PITTAKO$ "O MUTILHNAIO$ KAI BIA$ "O
PRIHNEU$ KAI SOLWN "O "HMETERO$ KAI KLEOBOULO$ "O LINDIO$
KAI MUSWN "O CHNEU$, KAI "EBDOMO$ 'EN TOUTOI$ 'ELEGETO LAKEDAIMONIO$
CILWN. "OUTOI PANTE$ ZHLWTAI KAI 'ERASTAI KAI
MAQHTAI 'HSAN TH$ LAKEDAIMONIWN PAIDEIA$, KAI KATAMAQOI
'AN4 TI$ 'AUTWN THN SOFIAN TOIAUTHN 'OUSAN, "RHMATA BRACEA
'AXIOMNHMONEUTA "EKASTWI 'EIRHMENA; "OUTOI KAI KOINHI SUNELQONTE$
<P 343B>
'APARCHN TH$ SOFIA$ 'ANEQESAN TW*I 'APOLLWNI 'EI$ TON
NEWN TON 'EN DELFOI$, GRAYANTE$ TAUTA "A DH PANTE$
"UMNOUSIN0, GNWQI SAUTON KAI MHDEN 'AGAN. TOU*2 DH "ENEKA
TAUTA LEGW0: "OTI4 "OUTO$ "O TROPO$ 'H*N TWN PALAIWN TH$ FILOSOFIA$,
BRACULOGIA TI$ LAKWNIKH; KAI-DH-KAI TOU* PITTAKOU
'IDIA\ PERIEFERETO TOUTO TO "RHMA 'EGKWMIAZOMENON "UPO TWN
SOFWN, TO CALEPON1 'ESQLON1 'EMMENAI1. "O 'OUN SIMWNIDH$,
<P 343C>
"ATE FILOTIMO$ 'WN 'EPI SOFIA\, 'EGNW "OTI4 'EI KAQELOI TOUTO TO
"RHMA "WSPER 'EUDOKIMOUNTA 'AQLHTHN KAI PERIGENOITO 'AUTOU4,
'AUTO$ 'EUDOKIMHSEI2 'EN TOI$ TO=TE 'ANQRWPOI$. 'EI$ TOUTO 'OUN TO
"RHMA KAI TOUTOU "ENEKA TOUTWI 'EPIBOULEUWN KOLOUSAI0 'AUTO
"APAN TO 'A\SMA PEPOIHKEN0, "W$ MOI FAINETAI.
'EPISKEYWMEQA DH 'AUTO KOINHI "APANTE$, 'EI 'A=RA 'EGW 'ALHQH
LEGW0. 'EUQU$ GAR TO PRWTON TOU* 'A\SMATO$ MANIKON 'AN4 FANEIH,
'EI BOULOMENO$ LEGEIN "OTI4 'ANDRA1 'AGAQON1 GENESQAI1 CALEPON1,
<P 343D>
'EPEITA 'ENEBALE TO MEN1. TOUTO GAR-'OUDE PRO$ "ENA LOGON
FAINETAI 'EMBEBLHSQAI, 'EA=N MH TI$ "UPOLABHI6 PRO$ TO TOU*
PITTAKOU "RHMA "WSPER 'ERIZONTA LEGEIN TON SIMWNIDHN; LEGONTO$
TOU* PITTAKOU "OTI4 CALEPON1 'ESQLON1 'EMMENAI1, 'AMFISBHTOUNTA
'EIPEIN "OTI4 'OU=K, 'ALLA= GENESQAI1 MEN1 CALEPON1
'ANDRA1 'AGAQON1 'ESTIN, 'W* PITTAKE, "W$ 'ALHQW$ % 'OUK 'ALHQEIA\
'AGAQON, 'OUK 'EPI TOUTWI LEGEI0 THN 'ALHQEIAN, "W$ 'A=RA 'ONTWN0 TINWN
<P 343E>
TWN MEN "W$ 'ALHQW$ 'AGAQWN, TWN DE 'AGAQWN MEN, 'OU-MENTOI
'ALHQW$ % 'EUHQE$ GAR TOUTO GE FANEIH 'AN4 KAI 'OU SIMWNIDOU %
'ALL' "UPERBATON DEI QEINAI0 'EN TW*I 'A\SMATI TO 'ALAQEW$1,
"OUTWSI PW$ "UPEIPONTA TO TOU* PITTAKOU, "WSPER 'AN4 'EI QEIMEN
'AUTON LEGONTA TON PITTAKON KAI SIMWNIDHN 'APOKRINOMENON
'EIPONTA; 'W* 'ANQRWPOI, CALEPON1 'ESQLON1 'EMMENAI1, TON DE


<P 344A>
'APOKRINOMENON "OTI4 'W* PITTAKE, 'OUK 'ALHQH LEGEI$; 'OU-GAR
'EINAI 'ALLA= GENESQAI1 MEN1 'ESTIN 'ANDRA1 'AGAQON1 CERSI1 TE1-KAI1
POSI1 KAI1 NOWI1 TETRAGWNON1, 'ANEU1 YOGOU1 TETUGMENON1,
CALEPON1 'ALAQEW$1. "OUTW FAINETAI TO8 PRO$
LOGON TO MEN1 'EMBEBLHMENON KAI TO 'ALAQEW$1 'ORQW$ 'EP'
'ESCATWI KEIMENON; KAI TA 'EPIONTA PANTA TOUTWI MARTUREI0, "OTI4
"OUTW$ 'EIRHTAI. POLLA MEN-GAR 'ESTI20 KAI PERI= "EKASTOU TWN
<P 344B>
'EN TW*I 'A\SMATI 'EIRHMENWN 'APODEIXAI0 "W$ 'EU PEPOIHTAI % PANU
GAR CARIENTW$ KAI MEMELHMENW$ 'ECEI0 % 'ALLA= MAKRON 'AN4 'EIH
'AUTO "OUTW DIELQEIN; 'ALLA= TON TUPON 'AUTOU4 TON "OLON DIEXELQWMEN
KAI THN BOULHSIN, "OTI4 PANTO$ MALLON 'ELEGCO$ 'ESTIN
TOU* PITTAKEIOU "RHMATO$ DIA= PANTO$ TOU* 'A\SMATO$.
LEGEI0 GAR META TOUTO 'OLIGA DIELQWN, "W$ 'AN4 'EI LEGOI
LOGON, "OTI4 GENESQAI1 MEN1 'ANDRA1 'AGAQON1 CALEPON1 'ALAQEW$1,
"OION-TE MENTOI 'EPI GE CRONON TINA; GENOMENON DE DIAMENEIN0
<P 344C>
'EN TAUTHI THI "EXEI KAI 'EINAI 'ANDRA 'AGAQON, "W$ SU LEGEI$, 'W*
PITTAKE, 'ADUNATON KAI 'OUK 'ANQRWPEION, 'ALLA= QEO$1 'AN41 MONO$1
TOUTO1 'ECOI1 TO GERA$1,
'ANDRA9 D'9 'OUK9 'ESTI920 MH9 'OU9 KAKON9 'EMMENAI9,
"ON9 'AN984 'AMHCANO$9 SUMFORA9 KAQELHI96.
TI=NA 'OUN 'AMHCANO$1 SUMFORA1 KAQAIREI10 'EN PLOIOU 'ARCHI: DHLON
"OTI4 'OU TON 'IDIWTHN; "O MEN-GAR 'IDIWTH$ 'AEI KAQHIRHTAI. "WSPER
'OUN 'OU TON KEIMENON TI$ 'AN4 KATABALOI2, 'ALLA= TON MEN "ESTWTA
POTE KATABALOI2 'AN4 TI$ "WSTE KEIMENON POIHSAI0, TON DE KEIMENON
<P 344D>
'OU=, "OUTW KAI TON 'EUMHCANON 'ONTA POTE 'AMHCANO$1 'AN4
SUMFORA1 KAQELOI1, TON DE 'AEI 'AMHCANON 'ONTA 'OU= KAI TON
KUBERNHTHN MEGA$ CEIMWN 'EPIPESWN 'AMHCANON 'AN4 POIHSEIEN,
KAI GEWRGON CALEPH "WRA 'EPELQOUSA 'AMHCANON 'AN4 QEIH, KAI
'IATRON 'TAUTA TAUTA. TW*I MEN-GAR 'ESQLWI1 'EGCWREI0 KAKWI
GENESQAI, "WSPER KAI PAR' 'ALLOU POIHTOU MARTUREITAI TOU*
'EIPONTO$ %
'AUTAR9 'ANHR9 'AGAQO$9 TOTE=9 MEN9 KAKO$9, 'ALLOTE9 D'9 'ESQLO$9;
<P 344E>
TW*I DE KAKWI 'OUK 'EGCWREI0 GENESQAI, 'ALL' 'AEI 'EINAI 'ANAGKH.
"WSTE TON MEN 'EUMHCANON KAI SOFON KAI 'AGAQON 'EPEIDAN
'AMHCANO$1 SUMFORA1 KAQELHI61, 'OUK1 'ESTI210 MH1 'OU1 KAKON1 'EMMENAI1;
SU DE FH=I$, 'W* PITTAKE, CALEPON1 'ESQLON1 'EMMENAI1;
TO D' 'ESTI GENESQAI1 MEN1 CALEPON1, DUNATON DE, 'ESQLON1,
'EMMENAI1 DE 'ADUNATON;
PRAXA$9 MEN9-GAR9 'EU9 PA$9 'ANHR9 'AGAQO$9,
KAKO$9 D'9 'EI9 KAKW$9


<P 345A>
TI=$ 'OUN 'EI$ GRAMMATA 'AGAQH PRAXI$ 'ESTIN, KAI TI=$ 'ANDRA
'AGAQON POIEI0 'EI$ GRAMMATA: DHLON "OTI4 "H TOUTWN MAQHSI$.
TI=$ DE 'EUPRAGIA 'AGAQON 'IATRON POIEI0: DHLON "OTI4 "H TWN
KAMNONTWN0 TH$ QERAPEIA$ MAQHSI$. KAKO$1 DE1 KAKW$1; TI=$
'OUN 'AN4 KAKO$ 'IATRO$ GENOITO: DHLON "OTI4 "WI PRWTON MEN
"UPARCEI0 'IATRWI 'EINAI, 'EPEITA 'AGAQWI 'IATRWI % "OUTO$ GAR 'AN4 KAI
KAKO$ GENOITO % "HMEI$ DE "OI 'IATRIKH$ 'IDIWTAI 'OUK 'AN4 POTE
GENOIMEQA KAKW$ PRAXANTE$ 'OUTE 'IATROI 'OUTE TEKTONE$ 'OUTE
<P 345B>
'ALLO 'OUDEN TWN TOIOUTWN; "OSTI$ DE MH 'IATRO$ 'AN4 GENOITO
KAKW$ PRAXA$, DHLON "OTI4 'OUDE KAKO$ 'IATRO$. "OUTW KAI "O
MEN 'AGAQO$ 'ANHR GENOIT' 'AN4 POTE KAI KAKO$ 'H= "UPO CRONOU 'H=
"UPO PONOU 'H= "UPO NOSOU 'H= "UPO 'ALLOU TINO$ PERIPTWMATO$ %
"AU=TH GAR MONH 'ESTI KAKH PRAXI$, 'EPISTHMH$ STERHQHNAI % "O
DE KAKO$ 'ANHR 'OUK 'AN4 POTE GENOITO KAKO$ % 'ESTIN GAR 'AEI %
'ALL' 'EI MELLEI0 KAKO$ GENESQAI, DEI 'AUTON PROTERON 'AGAQON
GENESQAI. "WSTE KAI TOUTO TOU* 'A\SMATO$ PRO$ TOUTO TEINEI0,
<P 345C>
"OTI4 'EINAI MEN 'ANDRA 'AGAQON 'OUC "OION-TE, DIATELOUNTA 'AGAQON,
GENESQAI DE 'AGAQON "OION-TE, KAI KAKON GE TON 'AUTON TOUTON;
'EPI9 PLEISTON9 DE-KAI 'ARISTOI9 'EISIN "OU$9 'AN4 "OI QEOI9 FILWSIN9.
TAUTA TE-'OUN PANTA PRO$ TON PITTAKON 'EIRHTAI, KAI TA
'EPIONTA GE TOU* 'A\SMATO$ 'ETI MALLON DHLOI0. FHSI GAR %
'TOUNEKEN9 'OU9 POT'9 'EGW9 TO9 MH9 GENESQAI9 DUNATON9
DIZHMENO$9 KENEAN9 'E$9 'APRAKTON9 'ELPIDA9 MOIRAN9 'AIWNO$9
BALEW9,
PANAMWMON9 'ANQRWPON9, 'EURUEDOU$9 "OSOI9 KARPON9 'AINUMEQA9
CQONO$9;
'EPI9 Q'9 "UMIN9 "EURWN9 'APAGGELEW9,
<P 345D>
FHSIN % "OUTW SFODRA KAI DI' "OLOU TOU* 'A\SMATO$ 'EPEXERCETAI
TW*I TOU* PITTAKOU "RHMATI %
PANTA$9 D'9 'EPAINHMI9 KAI9 FILEW90
"EKWN9 "OSTI$9 "ERDHI95
MHDEN9 'AISCRON9; 'ANAGKHI9 D'9-'OUDE9 QEOI9 MACONTAI9;
KAI TOUT' 'ESTI PRO$ TO 'AUTO TOUTO 'EIRHMENON. 'OU-GAR "OUTW$
'APAIDEUTO$ 'H*N SIMWNIDH$, "WSTE TOUTOU$ FANAI0 'EPAINEIN, "O$
'AN4 "EKWN MHDEN KAKON POIHI5, "W$ 'ONTWN0 TINWN "OI= "EKONTE$ KAKA
POIOUSIN0. 'EGW GAR SCEDON TI 'OIMAI TOUTO, "OTI4 'OUDEI$ TWN
<P 345E>
SOFWN 'ANDRWN "HGEITAI 'OUDENA 'ANQRWPWN "EKONTA 'EXAMARTANEIN
'OUDE 'AISCRA TE-KAI KAKA "EKONTA 'ERGAZESQAI, 'ALL' 'EU
'ISASIN "OTI4 PANTE$ "OI TA 'AISCRA KAI TA KAKA POIOUNTE$ 'AKONTE$
POIOUSIN0; KAI-DH-KAI "O SIMWNIDH$ 'OUC "O$ 'AN4 MH KAKA
POIHI5 "EKWN, TOUTWN FHSIN 'EPAINETH$ 'EINAI, 'ALLA= PERI= "EAUTOU
LEGEI0 TOUTO TO "EKWN1. "HGEITO GAR 'ANDRA KALON 'KAGAQON
POLLAKI$ "AUTON 'EPANAGKAZEIN FILON TINI GIGNESQAI KAI 'EPAINETHN


<P 346A>
FILEIN8 KAI8 'EPAINEIN8, "OION 'ANDRI POLLAKI$ SUMBHNAI0
MHTERA 'H= PATERA 'ALLOKOTON 'H= PATRIDA 'H= 'ALLO TI TWN TOIOUTWN.
TOU$ MEN-'OUN PONHROU$, "OTAN TOIOUTON TI 'AUTOI$
SUMBHI6, "WSPER "ASMENOU$ "ORAN KAI YEGONTA$ 'EPIDEIKNUNAI KAI
KATHGOREIN THN PONHRIAN TWN GONEWN 'H= PATRIDO$, "INA 'AUTOI$
'AMELOUSIN4 'AUTWN MH 'EGKALWSIN "OI 'ANQRWPOI MHD' 'ONEIDIZWSIN
"OTI4 'AMELOUSIN0, "WSTE 'ETI MALLON YEGEIN TE 'AUTOU$ KAI 'ECQRA$
<P 346B>
"EKOUSIOU$ PRO$ TAI$ 'ANAGKAIAI$ PROSTIQESQAI; TOU$ D' 'AGAQOU$
'EPIKRUPTESQAI TE-KAI 'EPAINEIN 'ANAGKAZESQAI, KAI 'AN2 TI
'ORGISQWSIN TOI$ GONEUSIN 'H= PATRIDI 'ADIKHQENTE$, 'AUTOU$ "EAUTOU$
PARAMUQEISQAI KAI DIALLATTESQAI PROSANAGKAZONTA$
"EAUTOU$ FILEIN TOU$ "EAUTWN KAI 'EPAINEIN. POLLAKI$ DE
'OIMAI KAI SIMWNIDH$ "HGHSATO KAI 'AUTO$ 'H= TURANNON 'H= 'ALLON
TINA TWN TOIOUTWN 'EPAINESAI0 KAI 'EGKWMIASAI0 'OUC "EKWN, 'ALL'
'ANAGKAZOMENO$. TAUTA DH-KAI TW*I PITTAKWI LEGEI0 "OTI4 'EGW,
<P 346C>
'W* PITTAKE, 'OU DIA= TAUTA SE YEGW0, "OTI4 'EIMI FILOYOGO$,
'EPEI %
'EMOIG'9 'EXARKEI90 "O$9 'AN94 MH9 KAKO$9 'HI9
MHD'9 'AGAN9 'APALAMNO$9, 'EIDW$9 T'9 'ONHSIPOLIN9 DIKAN9 "UGIH$9
'ANHR9;
'OU9 MIN9 'EGW9 MWMHSOMAI9 %
'OU9-GAR 'EIMI9 FILOMWMO$9 %
TWN9 GAR9 'HLIQIWN9 'APEIRWN9 GENEQLA9,
"WST' 'EI TI$ CAIREI0 YEGWN, 'EMPLHSQEIH 'AN4 'EKEINOU$
MEMFOMENO$
PANTA9 TOI9 KALA9, TOISI9 T'9 'AISCRA9 MH9 MEMEIKTAI9.
<P 346D>
'OU TOUTO LEGEI0, "WSPER 'AN4 'EI 'ELEGE PANTA1 TOI1 LEUKA, "OI$1
MELANA MH1 MEMEIKTAI1 % GELOION GAR 'AN4 'EIH POLLACHI % 'ALL'
"OTI4 'AUTO$ KAI TA MESA 'APODECETAI "WSTE MH YEGEIN. KAI 'OU
ZHTW0, 'EFH, PANAMWMON1 'ANQRWPON1, 'EURUEDOU$1 "OSOI1
KARPON1 'AINUMEQA1 CQONO$1, 'EPI1 Q'1 "UMIN1 "EURWN1 'APAGGELEW1;
"WSTE TOUTOU G' "ENEKA 'OUDENA 'EPAINESOMAI, 'ALLA=
MOI 'EXARKEI0 'AN2 'HI MESO$ KAI MHDEN KAKON POIHI5, "W$ 'EGW PANTA$1
FILEW1 KAI1 'EPAINHMI1 % KAI THI FWNHI 'ENTAUQA KECRHTAI THI
<P 346E>
TWN MUTILHNAIWN, "W$ PRO$ PITTAKON LEGWN TO PANTA$1 DE1
'EPAINHMI1 KAI1 FILEW1 "EKWN1 % 'ENTAUQA DEI 'EN TW*I "EKWN1 DIALABEIN
LEGONTA % "OSTI$1 "ERDHI51 MHDEN1 'AISCRON1: 'AKWN D'
'ESTIN "OU$ 'EGW 'EPAINW0 KAI FILW0. SE 'OUN, KAI 'EI MESW$


<P 347A>
'ELEGE$ 'EPIEIKH KAI 'ALHQH, 'W* PITTAKE, 'OUK 'AN4 POTE 'EYEGON;
NU*N DE SFODRA GAR-KAI PERI= TWN MEGISTWN YEUDOMENO$ DOKEI$
'ALHQH LEGEIN, DIA= TAUTA SE 'EGW YEGW0. TAUTA MOI DOKEI0, 'W*
PRODIKE KAI PRWTAGORA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, SIMWNIDH$ DIANOOUMENO$
PEPOIHKENAI TOUTO TO 'A\SMA.
KAI "O "IPPIA$, 'EU MEN MOI DOKEI$, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, KAI
SU PERI= TOU* 'A\SMATO$ DIELHLUQENAI; 'ESTIN MENTOI, 'EFH, KAI
<P 347B>
'EMOI4 LOGO$ PERI= 'AUTOU4 'EU 'ECWN, "ON "UMIN 'EPIDEIXW2, 'AN2
BOULHSQE.
KAI "O 'ALKIBIADH$, NAI, 'EFH, 'W* "IPPIA, 'EI$ 'AUQI$ GE; NU*N
DE DIKAION 'ESTIN "A "WMOLOGHSATHN PRO$ 'ALLHLW PRWTAGORA$
KAI SWKRATH$, PRWTAGORA$ MEN 'EI 'ETI BOULETAI 'ERWTAN,
'APOKRINESQAI SWKRATH, 'EI DE-DH BOULETAI SWKRATEI 'APOKRINESQAI,
'ERWTAN TON "ETERON.
KAI 'EGW 'EIPON; 'EPITREPW0 MEN 'EGWGE PRWTAGORA\ "OPOTERON
'AUTWI "HDION; 'EI DE BOULETAI, PERI= MEN 'A\SMATWN TE-KAI 'EPWN
<P 347C>
'EASWMEN, PERI= DE "WN TO PRWTON 'EGW SE 'HRWTHSA, 'W* PRWTAGORA,
"HDEW$ 'AN4 'EPI TELO$ 'ELQOIMI META SOU4 SKOPOUMENO$.
KAI-GAR DOKEI0 MOI TO PERI= POIHSEW$ DIALEGESQAI "OMOIOTATON
'EINAI TOI$ SUMPOSIOI$ TOI$ TWN FAULWN KAI 'AGORAIWN 'ANQRWPWN.
KAI-GAR "OUTOI, DIA= TO MH DUNASQAI 'ALLHLOI$ DI'
"EAUTWN SUNEINAI 'EN TW*I POTWI MHDE DIA= TH$ "EAUTWN FWNH$
KAI TWN LOGWN TWN "EAUTWN "UPO 'APAIDEUSIA$, TIMIA$ POIOUSI0
<P 347D>
TA$ 'AULHTRIDA$, POLLOU MISQOUMENOI 'ALLOTRIAN FWNHN THN
TWN 'AULWN, KAI DIA= TH$ 'EKEINWN FWNH$ 'ALLHLOI$ SUNEISIN;
"OPOU DE KALOI 'KAGAQOI SUMPOTAI KAI PEPAIDEUMENOI 'EISIN,
'OUK 'AN4 'IDOI$ 'OUT' 'AULHTRIDA$ 'OUTE 'ORCHSTRIDA$ 'OUTE YALTRIA$,
'ALLA= 'AUTOU$ "AUTOI$ "IKANOU$ 'ONTA$ SUNEINAI 'ANEU TWN
LHRWN TE-KAI PAIDIWN TOUTWN DIA= TH$ "AUTWN FWNH$, LEGONTA$
TE-KAI 'AKOUONTA$ 'EN MEREI "EAUTWN KOSMIW$, 'KAN2 PANU
<P 347E>
POLUN 'OINON PIWSIN. "OUTW DE-KAI "AI TOIAIDE SUNOUSIAI, 'EA=N
MEN LABWNTAI 'ANDRWN "OIOIPER "HMWN "OI POLLOI FASIN0 'EINAI,
'OUDEN DEONTAI 'ALLOTRIA$ FWNH$ 'OUDE POIHTWN, "OU$ 'OUTE
'ANERESQAI "OION-T'-'ESTIN PERI= "WN LEGOUSIN0, 'EPAGOMENOI TE
'AUTOU$ "OI POLLOI 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$ "OI MEN TAUTA FASIN0 TON
POIHTHN NOEIN, "OI D' "E=TERA, PERI= PRAGMATO$ DIALEGOMENOI "O=
'ADUNATOUSI0 'EXELEGXAI0; 'ALLA= TA$ MEN TOIAUTA$ SUNOUSIA$


<P 348A>
'EWSIN0 CAIREIN, 'AUTOI D' "EAUTOI$ SUNEISIN DI' "EAUTWN, 'EN TOI$
"EAUTWN LOGOI$ PEIRAN 'ALLHLWN LAMBANONTE$ KAI DIDONTE$.
TOU$ TOIOUTOU$ MOI DOKEI0 CRHNAI0 MALLON MIMEISQAI 'EME TE-KAI
SE, KATAQEMENOU$ TOU$ POIHTA$ 'AUTOU$ DI' "HMWN-'AUTWN
PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ TOU$ LOGOU$ POIEISQAI, TH$ 'ALHQEIA$ KAI
"HMWN-'AUTWN PEIRAN LAMBANONTA$; 'KAN2 MEN BOULHI3 'ETI 'ERWTAN,
"ETOIMO$ 'EIMI SOI4 PARECEIN 'APOKRINOMENO$; 'EA=N DE BOULHI3, SU
'EMOI4 PARASCE$, PERI= "WN METAXU 'EPAUSAMEQA DIEXIONTE$, TOUTOI$
TELO$ 'EPIQEINAI0.
<P 348B>
LEGONTO$ 'OUN 'EMOU4 TAUTA KAI TOIAUTA 'A=LLA 'OUDEN 'APESAFEI
"O PRWTAGORA$ "OPO=TERA POIHSOI. 'EI*PEN 'OUN "O 'ALKIBIADH$
PRO$ TON KALLIAN BLEYA$, 'W* KALLIA, DOKEI0 SOI4,
'EFH, KAI NU*N KALW$ PRWTAGORA$ POIEIN, 'OUK 'EQELWN 'EITE
DWSEI2 LOGON 'EITE MH DIASAFEIN: 'EMOI4 GAR 'OU DOKEI0; 'ALL'
'HTOI DIALEGESQW 'H= 'EIPETW "OTI4 'OUK 'EQELEI0 DIALEGESQAI, "INA
TOUTWI MEN TAUTA SUNEIDWMEN, SWKRATH$ DE 'ALLWI TWI DIALEGHTAI
'H= 'ALLO$ "OSTI$ 'AN4 BOULHTAI 'ALLWI.
<P 348C>
KAI "O PRWTAGORA$ 'AISCUNQEI$, "W$ GE MOI 'EDOXEN, TOU* TE
'ALKIBIADOU TAUTA LEGONTO$ KAI TOU* KALLIOU DEOMENOU KAI
TWN 'ALLWN SCEDON TI TWN PARONTWN0, MOGI$ PROUTRAPETO 'EI$
TO DIALEGESQAI KAI 'EKELEUEN 'ERWTAN "AUTON "W$ 'APOKRINOUMENO$.
'EIPON DH 'EGW; 'W* PRWTAGORA, MH 'OIOU DIALEGESQAI ME
SOI4 'ALLO TI BOULOMENON 'H= "A 'AUTO$ 'APORW0 "EKASTOTE, TAUTA
DIASKEYASQAI. "HGOUMAI GAR PANU LEGEIN TI TON "OMHRON
TO %
<P 348D>
SUN9 TE9 DU'9 'ERCOMENW9, KAI9-TE9 PRO9 "O=92 TOU*94 'ENOHSEN9.
'EUPORWTEROI GAR PW$ "APANTE$ 'ESMEN "OI 'ANQRWPOI PRO$ "APAN
'ERGON KAI LOGON KAI DIANOHMA; MOUNO$9 D'9 'EIPER9 TE9
NOHSHI96, 'AUTIKA PERIIWN ZHTEI0 "OTWI 'EPIDEIXHTAI KAI MEQ'
"OTOU BEBAIWSHTAI, "EW$ 'AN4 'ENTUCHI6. "WSPER KAI 'EGW "ENEKA
TOUTOU SOI4 "HDEW$ DIALEGOMAI MALLON 'H= 'ALLWI TINI, "HGOUMENO$
SE BELTIST' 'AN4 'EPISKEYASQAI KAI PERI= TWN 'ALLWN
<P 348E>
PERI= "WN 'EIKO$ SKOPEISQAI TON 'EPIEIKH, KAI-DH-KAI PERI= 'ARETH$.
TI=NA GAR 'ALLON 'H= SE: "O$ GE 'OU MONON 'AUTO$ 'OIEI KALO$
'KAGAQO$ 'EINAI, "WSPER TINE$ 'ALLOI 'AUTOI MEN 'EPIEIKEI$ 'EISIN,
'ALLOU$ DE 'OU DUNANTAI POIEIN; SU DE-KAI 'AUTO$ 'AGAQO$ 'EI*0
KAI 'ALLOU$ "OIO$-T'-'EI* POIEIN 'AGAQOU$, KAI "OUTW PEPISTEUKA$
SAUTWI, "WSTE KAI 'ALLWN TAUTHN THN TECNHN 'APOKRUPTOMENWN


<P 349A>
SU G' 'ANAFANDON SEAUTON "UPOKHRUXAMENO$ 'EI$
PANTA$ TOU$ "ELLHNA$, SOFISTHN 'EPONOMASA$ SEAUTON,
'APEFHNA$ PAIDEUSEW$ KAI 'ARETH$ DIDASKALON, PRWTO$ TOUTOU
MISQON 'AXIWSA$ 'ARNUSQAI. PW*$ 'OUN 'OU SE CRHN PARAKALEIN0
'EPI THN TOUTWN SKEYIN KAI 'ERWTAN KAI 'ANAKOINOUSQAI:
'OUK 'ESQ' "OPW$ 'OU=. KAI NU*N DH 'EGW 'EKEINA, "APER TO PRWTON
'HRWTWN PERI= TOUTWN, PALIN 'EPIQUMW0 'EX 'ARCH$ TA MEN
'ANAMNHSQHNAI PARA SOU4, TA DE SUNDIASKEYASQAI. 'H*N DE,
<P 349B>
"W$ 'EGWIMAI, TO 'ERWTHMA TODE; SOFIA KAI SWFROSUNH KAI
'ANDREIA KAI DIKAIOSUNH KAI "OSIOTH$, POTERON TAUTA, PENTE
'ONTA 'ONOMATA, 'EPI "ENI PRAGMATI 'ESTIN, 'H= "EKASTWI TWN 'ONOMATWN
TOUTWN "UPOKEITAI TI$ 'IDIO$ 'OUSIA KAI PRAGMA 'ECON
"EAUTOU DUNAMIN "EKASTON, 'OUK 'ON "OION TO "ETERON 'AUTWN TO
"ETERON: 'EFHSQA 'OUN SU 'OUK 'ONOMATA 'EPI "ENI 'EINAI, 'ALLA=
<P 349C>
"EKASTON 'IDIWI PRAGMATI TWN 'ONOMATWN TOUTWN 'EPIKEISQAI,
PANTA DE TAUTA MORIA 'EINAI 'ARETH$, 'OUC "W$ TA TOU* CRUSOU
MORIA "O=MOIA 'ESTIN 'ALLHLOI$ KAI TW*I "OLWI "OU MORIA 'ESTIN,
'ALL' "W$ TA TOU* PROSWPOU MORIA KAI TW*I "OLWI "OU MORIA 'ESTIN
KAI 'ALLHLOI$ 'ANO=MOIA, 'IDIAN "EKASTA DUNAMIN 'ECONTA. TAUTA
'EI MEN SOI4 DOKEI0 'ETI "WSPER TO=TE FAQI; 'EI DE 'ALLW$ PW$,
TOUTO DIORISAI2, "W$ 'EGWGE 'OUDEN SOI4 "UPOLOGON TIQEMAI, 'EA=N
PHI 'ALLHI NU*N FHSHI$; 'OU-GAR 'AN4 QAUMAZOIMI 'EI TO=TE 'APOPEIRWMENO$
<P 349D>
MOU TAUTA 'ELEGE$.
'ALL' 'EGW SOI4, 'EFH, LEGW0, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OTI4 TAUTA PANTA
MORIA MEN 'ESTIN 'ARETH$, KAI TA MEN TETTARA 'AUTWN 'EPIEIKW$
PARAPLH=SIA 'ALLHLOI$ 'ESTIN, "H DE 'ANDREIA PANU POLU DIAFERON
PANTWN TOUTWN. "WDE DE GNWSHI2 "OTI4 'EGW 'ALHQH
LEGW0; "EURHSEI$ GAR POLLOU$ TWN 'ANQRWPWN 'ADIKWTATOU$
MEN 'ONTA$ KAI 'ANOSIWTATOU$ KAI 'AKOLASTOTATOU$ KAI 'AMAQESTATOU$,
'ANDREIOTATOU$ DE DIAFERONTW$.
<P 349E>
'ECE DH, 'EFHN 'EGW; 'AXION GAR-TOI 'EPISKEYASQAI "O= LEGEI$.
POTERON TOU$ 'ANDREIOU$ QARRALEOU$ LEGEI$ 'H= 'ALLO TI:
KAI 'ITA$ GE, 'EFH, 'EF' "A "OI POLLOI FOBOUNTAI 'IENAI. FERE
DH, THN 'ARETHN KALON TI FH=I$ 'EINAI, KAI "W$ KALOU 'ONTO$
'AUTOU4 SU DIDASKALON SAUTON PARECEI$: KALLISTON MEN-'OUN
'EFH, 'EI MH MAINOMAI GE. POTERON 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TO
MEN TI 'AUTOU4 'AISCRON, TO DE TI KALON, 'H= "OLON KALON: "OLON
POU KALON "W$ "OION-TE MALISTA. 'OISQA 'OUN TI=NE$ 'EI$ TA


<P 350A>
FREATA KOLUMBWSIN0 QARRALEW$: 'EGWGE, "OTI4 "OI KOLUMBHTAI.
POTERON DIOTI 'EPISTANTAI 'H= DI' 'ALLO TI: "OTI4 'EPISTANTAI.
TI=NE$ DE 'APO TWN "IPPWN POLEMEIN QARRALEOI 'EISIN:
POTERON "OI "IPPIKOI 'H= "OI 'AFIPPOI: "OI "IPPIKOI. TI=NE$ DE
PELTA$ 'ECONTE$: "OI PELTASTIKOI 'H= "OI MH: "OI PELTASTIKOI.
KAI TA 'A=LLA GE PANTA, 'EI TOUTO ZHTEI$, 'EFH, "OI 'EPISTHMONE$
TWN MH 'EPISTAMENWN QARRALEWTEROI 'EISIN, KAI 'AUTOI "EAUTWN
<P 350B>
'EPEIDAN MAQWSIN 'H= PRIN MAQEIN. 'HDH DE TINA$ "EWRAKA$,
'EFHN, PANTWN TOUTWN 'ANEPISTHMONA$ 'ONTA$, QARROUNTA$ DE
PRO$ "EKASTA TOUTWN: 'EGWGE, 'H*-D'-"O$, KAI LIAN GE QARROUNTA$.
'OUKOU*N "OI QARRALEOI "OUTOI KAI 'ANDREIOI 'EISIN:
'AISCRON 'MENTAN, 'EFH, 'EIH "H 'ANDREIA; 'EPEI "OUTOI GE
MAINOMENOI 'EISIN. PW*$ 'OUN, 'EFHN 'EGW, LEGEI$ TOU$ 'ANDREIOU$:
'OUCI TOU$ QARRALEOU$ 'EINAI: KAI NU*N G', 'EFH.
<P 350C>
'OUKOU*N "OUTOI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OI "OUTW QARRALEOI 'ONTE$ 'OUK 'ANDREIOI
'ALLA= MAINOMENOI FAINONTAI: KAI 'EKEI 'AU "OI SOFWTATOI
"OUTOI KAI QARRALEWTATOI 'EISIN, QARRALEWTATOI DE 'ONTE$
'ANDREIOTATOI: KAI KATA TOUTON TON LOGON "H SOFIA 'AN4 'ANDREIA
'EIH:
'OU KALW$, 'EFH, MNHMONEUEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$, "A 'ELEGON TE-KAI
'APEKRINOMHN SOI4. 'EGWGE 'ERWTHQEI$ "UPO SOU4 'EI "OI
'ANDREIOI QARRALEOI 'EISIN, "WMOLOGHSA; 'EI DE-KAI "OI QARRALEOI
'ANDREIOI, 'OUK 'HRWTHQHN % 'EI GAR ME TO=TE 'HROU, 'EIPON 'AN4 "OTI4
<P 350D>
'OU PANTE$ % TOU$ DE 'ANDREIOU$ "W$ 'OU QARRALEOI 'EISIN, TO
'EMON "OMOLOGHMA 'OUDAMOU 'EPEDEIXA$ "W$ 'OUK 'ORQW$ "WMOLOGHSA.
'EPEITA TOU$ 'EPISTAMENOU$ 'AUTOU$ "EAUTWN QARRALEWTEROU$
'ONTA$ 'APOFAINEI$ KAI MH 'EPISTAMENWN 'ALLWN, KAI 'EN TOUTWI
'OIEI THN 'ANDREIAN KAI THN SOFIAN 'TAUTON 'EINAI; TOUTWI DE
TW*I TROPWI METIWN KAI THN 'ISCUN 'OIHQEIH$ 'AN4 'EINAI SOFIAN.
PRWTON MEN-GAR 'EI "OUTW METIWN 'EROIO ME 'EI "OI 'ISCUROI
<P 350E>
DUNATOI 'EISIN, FAIHN 'AN4; 'EPEITA, 'EI "OI 'EPISTAMENOI PALAIEIN
DUNATWTEROI 'EISIN TWN MH 'EPISTAMENWN PALAIEIN KAI 'AUTOI
"AUTWN 'EPEIDAN MAQWSIN 'H= PRIN MAQEIN, FAIHN 'AN4; TAUTA
DE 'EMOU4 "OMOLOGHSANTO$ 'EXEIH 'AN4 SOI4, CRWMENWI TOI$ 'AUTOI$
TEKMHRIOI$ TOUTOI$, LEGEIN "W$ KATA THN 'EMHN "OMOLOGIAN "H
SOFIA 'ESTIN 'ISCU$. 'EGW DE 'OUDAMOU 'OUD' 'ENTAUQA "OMOLOGW0
TOU$ DUNATOU$ 'ISCUROU$ 'EINAI, TOU$ MENTOI 'ISCUROU$ DUNATOU$;


<P 351A>
'OU-GAR 'TAUTON 'EINAI DUNAMIN TE-KAI 'ISCUN, 'ALLA= TO MEN-KAI
'APO 'EPISTHMH$ GIGNESQAI, THN DUNAMIN, KAI 'APO MANIA$
GE-KAI QUMOU, 'ISCUN DE 'APO FUSEW$ KAI 'EUTROFIA$ TWN
SWMATWN. "OUTW DE 'KAKEI 'OU 'TAUTON 'EINAI QARSO$ TE-KAI
'ANDREIAN; "WSTE SUMBAINEI0 TOU$ MEN 'ANDREIOU$ QARRALEOU$
'EINAI, MH-MENTOI TOU$ GE QARRALEOU$ 'ANDREIOU$ PANTA$;
QARSO$ MEN-GAR-KAI 'APO TECNH$ GIGNETAI 'ANQRWPOI$ KAI
<P 351B>
'APO QUMOU GE-KAI 'APO MANIA$, "WSPER "H DUNAMI$, 'ANDREIA
DE 'APO FUSEW$ KAI 'EUTROFIA$ TWN YUCWN GIGNETAI.
LEGEI$ DE TINA$, 'EFHN, 'W* PRWTAGORA, TWN 'ANQRWPWN
'EU ZHN, TOU$ DE KAKW$: 'EFH. 'A*R'-'OUN DOKEI0 SOI4 'ANQRWPO$
'AN4 'EU ZHN, 'EI 'ANIWMENO$ TE-KAI 'ODUNWMENO$ ZWIH: 'OUK
'EFH. TI= D' 'EI "HDEW$ BIOU$ TON BION TELEUTHSEIEN: 'OUK 'EU
'AN4 SOI4 DOKEI0 "OUTW$ BEBIWKENAI: 'EMOIG' 'EFH. TO MEN-'A=RA
<P 351C>
"HDEW$ ZHN 'AGAQON, TO D' 'AHDW$ KAKON. 'EIPER TOI$ KALOI$
G', 'EFH, ZWIH "HDOMENO$. TI= DH, 'W* PRWTAGORA: MH KAI SU,
"WSPER "OI POLLOI, "HDE' 'ATTA KALEI$0 KAKA KAI 'ANIARA 'AGAQA:
'EGW GAR LEGW0, KAQ' "O= "HDEA 'ESTIN, 'A*RA KATA TOUTO 'OUK
'AGAQA, MH 'EI TI 'AP' 'AUTWN 'APOBHSETAI 'ALLO: KAI 'AUQI$ 'AU
TA 'ANIARA "WSAUTW$ "OUTW$ 'OU KAQ' "OSON 'ANIARA, KAKA:
'OUK 'OIDA, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EFH, "APLW$ "OUTW$, "W$ SU 'ERWTA*I$0,
<P 351D>
'EI 'EMOI4 'APOKRITEON 'ESTIN "W$ TA "HDEA TE 'AGAQA 'ESTIN "APANTA
KAI TA 'ANIARA KAKA; 'ALLA= MOI DOKEI0 'OU MONON PRO$ THN NU*N
'APOKRISIN 'EMOI4 'ASFALESTERON 'EINAI 'APOKRINASQAI, 'ALLA=-KAI
PRO$ PANTA TON 'ALLON BION TON 'EMON, "OTI4 'ESTI MEN "A TWN
"HDEWN 'OUK 'ESTIN 'AGAQA, 'ESTI D' 'AU KAI "A TWN 'ANIARWN 'OUK
'ESTI KAKA, 'ESTI D' "A 'ESTI, KAI TRITON "A 'OUDE=TERA, 'OUTE KAKA
'OUT' 'AGAQA. "HDEA DE KALEI$0, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OU TA "HDONH$
<P 351E>
METECONTA 'H= POIOUNTA "HDONHN: PANU G', 'EFH. TOUTO TOINUN
LEGW0, KAQ' "OSON "HDEA 'ESTIN, 'EI 'OUK 'AGAQA, THN "HDONHN
'AUTHN 'ERWTWN 'EI 'OUK 'AGAQON 'ESTIN. "WSPER SU LEGEI$, 'EFH,
"EKASTOTE, 'W* SWKRATE$, SKOPWMEQA 'AUTO, KAI 'EA=N MEN PRO$
LOGON DOKHI5 'EINAI TO SKEMMA KAI TO 'AUTO FAINHTAI "HDU TE-KAI
'AGAQON, SUGCWRHSOMEQA; 'EI DE MH, TO=TE 'HDH
'AMFISBHTHSOMEN.
POTERON 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, SU BOULEI "HGEMONEUEIN TH$
SKEYEW$, 'H= 'EGW "HGWMAI:
DIKAIO$, 'EFH, SU "HGEISQAI; SU GAR-KAI KATARCEI$ TOU*
LOGOU.


<P 352A>
'A*R'-'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, THIDE PHI KATAFANE$ 'AN4 "HMIN GENOITO:
"WSPER 'EI TI$ 'ANQRWPON SKOPWN 'EK TOU* 'EIDOU$ 'H= PRO$ "UGIEIAN
'H= PRO$ 'ALLO TI TWN TOU* SWMATO$ 'ERGWN, 'IDWN TO PROSWPON
KAI TA$ CEIRA$ 'AKRA$ 'EIPOI; 'IQI DH MOI 'APOKALUYA$ KAI TA
STHQH KAI TO METAFRENON 'EPIDEIXON2, "INA 'EPISKEYWMAI SAFESTERON,
KAI 'EGW TOIOUTON TI POQW0 PRO$ THN SKEYIN; QEASAMENO$
"OTI4 "OUTW$ 'ECEI$ PRO$ TO 'AGAQON KAI TO "HDU "W$
FH=I$, DEOMAI TOIOUTON TI 'EIPEIN; 'IQI DH MOI, 'W* PRWTAGORA,
<P 352B>
KAI TODE TH$ DIANOIA$ 'APOKALUYON; PW*$ 'ECEI$ PRO$ 'EPISTHMHN:
POTERON KAI TOUTO SOI4 DOKEI0 "WSPER TOI$ POLLOI$
'ANQRWPOI$, 'H= 'ALLW$: DOKEI0 DE TOI$ POLLOI$ PERI= 'EPISTHMH$
TOIOUTON TI, 'OUK 'ISCURON 'OUD' "HGEMONIKON 'OUD' 'ARCIKON 'EINAI;
'OUDE "W$ PERI= TOIOUTOU 'AUTOU4 'ONTO$ DIANOOUNTAI, 'ALL' 'ENOUSH$
POLLAKI$ 'ANQRWPWI 'EPISTHMH$ 'OU THN 'EPISTHMHN 'AUTOU4
'ARCEIN 'ALL' 'ALLO TI, TOTE= MEN QUMON, TOTE= DE "HDONHN, TOTE=
DE LUPHN, 'ENIOTE DE 'ERWTA, POLLAKI$ DE FOBON, 'ATECNW$
<P 352C>
DIANOOUMENOI PERI= TH$ 'EPISTHMH$ "WSPER PERI= 'ANDRAPODOU,
PERIELKOMENH$ "UPO TWN 'ALLWN "APANTWN. 'A*R'-'OUN-KAI SOI4
TOIOUTON TI PERI= 'AUTH$ DOKEI0, 'H= KALON TE 'EINAI "H 'EPISTHMH
KAI "OION 'ARCEIN TOU* 'ANQRWPOU, KAI 'EANPER GIGNWSKHI5 TI$
'TAGAQA KAI TA KAKA, MH 'AN4 KRATHQHNAI "UPO MHDENO$ "WSTE
'A=LL'0 'ATTA PRATTEIN 'H= "AN 'EPISTHMH KELEUHI5, 'ALL' "IKANHN 'EINAI
THN FRONHSIN BOHQEIN TW*I 'ANQRWPWI:
KAI DOKEI0, 'EFH, "WSPER SU LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$, KAI "AMA,
<P 352D>
'EIPER TWI 'ALLWI, 'AISCRON 'ESTI KAI 'EMOI4 SOFIAN KAI 'EPISTHMHN
MH 'OUCI PANTWN KRATISTON FANAI0 'EINAI TWN 'ANQRWPEIWN
PRAGMATWN.
KALW$ GE, 'EFHN 'EGW, SU LEGWN KAI 'ALHQH. 'OISQA 'OUN
"OTI4 "OI POLLOI TWN 'ANQRWPWN 'EMOI4 TE-KAI SOI4 'OU PEIQONTAI,
'ALLA= POLLOU$ FASI0 GIGNWSKONTA$ TA BELTISTA 'OUK 'EQELEIN
PRATTEIN, 'EXON 'AUTOI$, 'ALLA= 'A=LLA PRATTEIN; KAI "OSOU$ DH
'EGW 'HROMHN "OTI2 POTE 'AITION 'ESTI TOUTOU, "UPO "HDONH$ FASIN0
<P 352E>
"HTTWMENOU$ 'H= LUPH$ 'H= "WN NUNDH 'EGW 'ELEGON "UPO TINO$
TOUTWN KRATOUMENOU$ TAUTA POIEIN TOU$ POIOUNTA$.
POLLA GAR 'OIMAI, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, KAI 'A=LLA 'OUK 'ORQW$
LEGOUSIN0 "OI 'ANQRWPOI.
'IQI DH MET' 'EMOU4 'EPICEIRHSON2 PEIQEIN TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$
KAI DIDASKEIN "O= 'ESTIN 'AUTOI$ TOUTO TO PAQO$, "O= FASIN0 "UPO


<P 353A>
TWN "HDONWN "HTTASQAI KAI 'OU PRATTEIN DIA= TAUTA TA BELTISTA,
'EPEI GIGNWSKEIN GE 'AUTA. 'ISW$ GAR 'AN4 LEGONTWN0 "HMWN
"OTI4 'OUK 'ORQW$ LEGETE0, 'W* 'ANQRWPOI, 'ALLA= YEUDESQE0, 'EROINT'
'AN4 "HMA$; 'W* PRWTAGORA TE-KAI SWKRATE$, 'EI MH 'ESTIN
TOUTO TO PAQHMA "HDONH$ "HTTASQAI, 'ALLA= TI= POT' 'ESTIN, KAI
TI= "UMEI$ 'AUTO FATE0 'EINAI: 'EIPATON4 "HMIN.
TI= DE, 'W* SWKRATE$, DEI "HMA$ SKOPEISQAI THN TWN POLLWN
DOXAN 'ANQRWPWN, "OI= "OTI2 'AN4 TUCWSI TOUTO LEGOUSIN0:
<P 353B>
'OIMAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EINAI TI "HMIN TOUTO PRO$ TO 'EXEUREIN
PERI= 'ANDREIA$, PRO$ 'TALLA MORIA TA TH$ 'ARETH$ PW*$ POT'
'ECEI0. 'EI 'OUN SOI4 DOKEI0 'EMMENEIN0 "OI$ 'ARTI 'EDOXEN "HMIN, 'EME
"HGHSASQAI "HI 'OIMAI 'AN4 'EGWGE KALLISTA FANERON GENESQAI,
"EPOU; 'EI DE MH BOULEI, 'EI SOI4 FILON, 'EW0 CAIREIN.
'ALL', 'EFH, 'ORQW$ LEGEI$; KAI PERAINE "WSPER 'HRXW.
<P 353C>
PALIN TOINUN, 'EFHN 'EGW, 'EI 'EROINTO "HMA$; TI= 'OUN FATE0
TOUTO 'EINAI, "O= "HMEI$ "HTTW 'EINAI TWN "HDONWN 'ELEGOMEN:
'EIPOIM' 'AN4 'EGWGE PRO$ 'AUTOU$ "WDI; 'AKOUETE3 DH; PEIRASOMEQA
GAR "UMIN 'EGW TE-KAI PRWTAGORA$ FRASAI0. 'ALLO TI
GAR, 'W* 'ANQRWPOI, FATE0 "UMIN TOUTO GIGNESQAI 'EN TOISDE,
"OION POLLAKI$ "UPO SITWN KAI POTWN KAI 'AFRODISIWN KRATOUMENOI
"HDEWN 'ONTWN0, GIGNWSKONTE$ "OTI4 PONHRA 'ESTIN, "OMW$
'AUTA PRATTEIN: FAIEN 'AN4. 'OUKOU*N 'EROIMEQ' 'AN4 'AUTOU$
'EGW TE-KAI SU PALIN; PONHRA DE 'AUTA PH*I FATE0 'EINAI:
<P 353D>
POTERON "OTI4 THN "HDONHN TAUTHN 'EN TW*I PARACRHMA PARECEI0
KAI "HDU 'ESTIN "EKASTON 'AUTWN, 'H= "OTI4 'EI$ TON "USTERON CRONON
NOSOU$ TE POIEI0 KAI PENIA$ KAI 'A=LLA TOIAUTA POLLA PARASKEUAZEI0:
'H= 'KAN4 'EI TI TOUTWN 'EI$ TO "USTERON MHDEN PARASKEUAZEI0,
CAIREIN DE MONON POIEI0, "OMW$ D' 'AN4 KAKA 'H*N, "OTI-MAQONTA
CAIREIN POIEI0 KAI "OPHIOUN: 'A*R' 'OIOMEQ' 'AN4 'AUTOU$,
'W* PRWTAGORA, 'ALLO TI 'APOKRINASQAI 'H= "OTI4 'OU KATA THN
'AUTH$ TH$ "HDONH$ TH$ PARACRHMA 'ERGASIAN KAKA 'ESTIN,
<P 353E>
'ALLA= DIA= TA "USTERON GIGNOMENA, NOSOU$ TE-KAI 'TALLA. 'EGW
MEN 'OIMAI, 'EFH "O PRWTAGORA$, TOU$ POLLOU$ 'AN4 TAUTA
'APOKRINASQAI. 'OUKOU*N NOSOU$ POIOUNTA 'ANIA$ POIEI0, KAI
PENIA$ POIOUNTA 'ANIA$ POIEI0: "OMOLOGOIEN 'AN4, "W$ 'EGWIMAI.
SUNEFH "O PRWTAGORA$. 'OUKOU*N FAINETAI, 'W* 'ANQRWPOI,
"UMIN, "W$ FAMEN 'EGW TE-KAI PRWTAGORA$, DI' 'OUDEN 'ALLO
TAUTA KAKA 'ONTA 'H= DIOTI 'EI$ 'ANIA$ TE 'APOTELEUTA*I0 KAI 'ALLWN


<P 354A>
"HDONWN 'APOSTEREI0: "OMOLOGOIEN 'AN4: SUNEDOKEI "HMIN 'AMFOIN.
'OUKOU*N PALIN 'AN4 'AUTOU$ TO 'ENANTION 'EI 'EROIMEQA;
'W* 'ANQRWPOI "OI LEGONTE$ 'AU 'AGAQA 'ANIARA 'EINAI, 'A*RA 'OU TA
TOIADE LEGETE0, "OION TA TE GUMNA=SIA KAI TA$ STRATEIA$ KAI
TA$ "UPO TWN 'IATRWN QERAPEIA$ TA$ DIA= KAUSEWN TE-KAI TOMWN
KAI FARMAKEIWN KAI LIMOKTONIWN GIGNOMENA$, "OTI4 TAUTA
'AGAQA MEN 'ESTIN, 'ANIARA DE: FAIEN 'AN4: SUNEDOKEI. POTERON
<P 354B>
'OUN KATA TODE 'AGAQA 'AUTA KALEITE0, "OTI4 'EN TW*I PARACRHMA
'ODUNA$ TA$ 'ESCATA$ PARECEI0 KAI 'ALGHDONA$, 'H= "OTI4 'EI$ TON
"USTERON CRONON "UGIEIAI TE 'AP' 'AUTWN GIGNONTAI KAI 'EUEXIAI
TW*N SWMATWN KAI TWN POLEWN SWTHRIAI KAI 'ALLWN 'ARCAI
KAI PLOUTOI: FAIEN 'AN4, "W$ 'EGWIMAI. SUNEDOKEI. TAUTA DE
'AGAQA 'ESTI DI' 'ALLO TI 'H= "OTI4 'EI$ "HDONA$ 'APOTELEUTA*I0 KAI
LUPWN 'APALLAGA$ TE-KAI 'APOTROPA$: 'H= 'ECETE0 TI 'ALLO TELO$
<P 354C>
LEGEIN, 'EI$ "O= 'APOBLEYANTE$ 'AUTA 'AGAQA KALEITE0, 'ALL'-'H=7
"HDONA$ TE-KAI LUPA$: 'OUK 'AN4 FAIEN, "W$ 'EGWIMAI.
'OUD' 'EMOI4 DOKEI0, 'EFH "O PRWTAGORA$. 'OUKOU*N THN MEN
"HDONHN DIWKETE0 "W$ 'AGAQON 'ON, THN DE LUPHN FEUGETE0 "W$
KAKON: SUNEDOKEI. TOUT' 'A=RA "HGEISQ'0 'EINAI KAKON, THN
LUPHN, KAI 'AGAQON THN "HDONHN, 'EPEI KAI 'AUTO TO CAIREIN
TO=TE LEGETE0 KAKON 'EINAI, "OTAN MEIZONWN "HDONWN 'APOSTERHI5
'H= "OSA$ 'AUTO 'ECEI0, 'H= LUPA$ MEIZOU$ PARASKEUAZHI5 TWN 'EN
<P 354D>
'AUTWI "HDONWN; 'EPEI 'EI KAT' 'ALLO TI 'AUTO TO CAIREIN KAKON
KALEITE0, KAI 'EI$ 'ALLO TI TELO$ 'APOBLEYANTE$, 'ECOITE 'AN4 KAI
"HMIN 'EIPEIN; 'ALL' 'OUC "EXETE. 'OUD' 'EMOI4 DOKOUSIN0, 'EFH "O
PRWTAGORA$. 'ALLO TI 'OUN PALIN KAI PERI= 'AUTOU4 TOU*
LUPEISQAI "O 'AUTO$ TROPO$: TO=TE KALEITE0 'AUTO TO LUPEISQAI
'AGAQON, "OTAN 'H= MEIZOU$ LUPA$ TWN 'EN 'AUTWI 'OUSWN 'APALLATTHI5
'H= MEIZOU$ "HDONA$ TWN LUPWN PARASKEUAZHI5: 'EPEI 'EI
PRO$ 'ALLO TI TELO$ 'APOBLEPETE0, "OTAN KALHTE 'AUTO TO LUPEISQAI
<P 354E>
'AGAQON, 'H= PRO$ "O= 'EGW LEGW0, 'ECETE0 "HMIN 'EIPEIN;
'ALL' 'OUC "EXETE. 'ALHQH, 'EFH, LEGEI$, "O PRWTAGORA$.
PALIN TOINUN, 'EFHN 'EGW, 'EI ME 'ANEROISQE, 'W* 'ANQRWPOI,
TI=NO$ 'OUN DHPOTE "ENEKA POLLA PERI= TOUTOU LEGEI$ KAI
POLLACHI: SUGGIGNWSKETE3 MOI, FAIHN 'AN4 'EGWGE. PRWTON
MEN-GAR 'OU "RA\DION 'APODEIXAI0 TI= 'ESTIN POTE TOUTO "O= "UMEI$
KALEITE0 TWN "HDONWN "HTTW 'EINAI; 'EPEITA 'EN TOUTWI 'EISIN
PASAI "AI 'APODEIXEI$. 'ALL' 'ETI KAI NU*N 'ANAQESQAI 'EXESTIN,


<P 355A>
'EI PHI 'ECETE0 'ALLO TI FANAI0 'EINAI TO 'AGAQON 'H= THN "HDONHN,
'H= TO KAKON 'ALLO TI 'H= THN 'ANIAN; 'H= 'ARKEI0 "UMIN TO "HDEW$
KATABIWNAI0 TON BION 'ANEU LUPWN: 'EI DE 'ARKEI0 KAI MH 'ECETE0
MHDEN 'ALLO FANAI0 'EINAI 'AGAQON 'H= KAKON "O= MH 'EI$ TAUTA
TELEUTA*I0, TO META TOUTO 'AKOUETE3. FHMI GAR "UMIN TOUTOU
"OUTW$ 'ECONTO$ GELOION TON LOGON GIGNESQAI, "OTAN LEGHTE
"OTI4 POLLAKI$ GIGNWSKWN TA KAKA 'ANQRWPO$ "OTI4 KAKA 'ESTIN,
"OMW$ PRATTEI0 'AUTA, 'EXON MH PRATTEIN, "UPO TWN "HDONWN
<P 355B>
'AGOMENO$ KAI 'EKPLHTTOMENO$; KAI 'AUQI$ 'AU LEGETE0 "OTI4
GIGNWSKWN "O 'ANQRWPO$ 'TAGAQA PRATTEIN 'OUK 'EQELEI0 DIA= TA$
PARACRHMA "HDONA$, "UPO TOUTWN "HTTWMENO$. "W$ DE TAUTA
GELOIA 'ESTIN, KATADHLON 'ESTAI, 'EA=N MH POLLOI$ 'ONOMASI
CRWMEQA2 "AMA, "HDEI TE-KAI 'ANIARWI KAI 'AGAQWI KAI KAKWI, 'ALL'
'EPEIDH DUO 'EFANH TAUTA, DUOIN KAI 'ONOMASIN PROSAGOREUWMEN
'AUTA, PRWTON MEN 'AGAQWI KAI KAKWI, 'EPEITA 'AUQI$ "HDEI TE-KAI
<P 355C>
'ANIARWI. QEMENOI DH "OUTW LEGWMEN "OTI4 GIGNWSKWN "O
'ANQRWPO$ TA KAKA "OTI4 KAKA 'ESTIN, "OMW$ 'AUTA POIEI0. 'EA=N 'OUN
TI$ "HMA$ 'ERHTAI, DIA= TI=: "HTTWMENO$, FHSOMEN; "UPO
TOU*2: 'EKEINO$ 'ERHSETAI "HMA$; "HMIN DE "UPO MEN "HDONH$ 'OUKETI
'EXESTIN 'EIPEIN % 'ALLO GAR 'ONOMA METEILHFEN0 'ANTI TH$ "HDONH$
TO 'AGAQON % 'EKEINWI DH 'APOKRINWMEQA KAI LEGWMEN "OTI4
"HTTWMENO$ % "UPO TI=NO$: FHSEI2. TOU* 'AGAQOU, FHSOMEN
NH DI=A. 'AN2 'OUN TUCHI6 "O 'EROMENO$ "HMA$ "UBRISTH$ 'WN, GELASETAI
<P 355D>
KAI 'EREI2; 'H* GELOION LEGETE0 PRAGMA 'EI PRATTEI0 TI$ KAKA,
GIGNWSKWN "OTI4 KAKA 'ESTIN, 'OU DEON 'AUTON PRATTEIN, "HTTWMENO$
"UPO TWN 'AGAQWN. 'A*RA, FHSEI2, 'OUK 'AXIWN 'ONTWN0
NIKAN 'EN "UMIN TWN 'AGAQWN TA KAKA, 'H= 'AXIWN: FHSOMEN
DHLON "OTI4 'APOKRINOMENOI, "OTI4 'OUK 'AXIWN 'ONTWN0; 'OU-GAR 'AN4
'EXHMARTANEN "ON FAMEN "HTTW 'EINAI TWN "HDONWN. KATA TI=
DE, FHSEI2 'ISW$, 'ANA=XIA 'ESTIN 'TAGAQA TWN KAKWN 'H= TA KAKA
TWN 'AGAQWN: 'H= KAT' 'ALLO TI 'H= "OTAN TA MEN MEIZW, TA DE
<P 355E>
SMIKRO=TERA 'HI: 'H= PLEIW, TA DE 'ELATTW 'HI: 'OUC "EXOMEN 'EIPEIN
'ALLO 'H= TOUTO. DHLON 'A=RA, FHSEI2, "OTI4 TO "HTTASQAI TOUTO
LEGETE0, 'ANTI 'ELATTONWN 'AGAQWN MEIZW KAKA LAMBANEIN.
TAUTA MEN-'OUN "OUTW. METALABWMEN DH TA 'ONOMATA PALIN
TO "HDU TE-KAI 'ANIARON 'EPI TOI$ 'AUTOI$ TOUTOI$, KAI LEGWMEN
"OTI4 'ANQRWPO$ PRATTEI0 % TO=TE MEN 'ELEGOMEN TA KAKA, NU*N DE
LEGWMEN TA 'ANIARA, GIGNWSKWN "OTI4 'ANIARA 'ESTIN, "HTTWMENO$


<P 356A>
"UPO TWN "HDEWN, DHLON "OTI4 'ANAXIWN 'ONTWN0 NIKAN. KAI TI=$
'ALLH 'ANAXI=A "HDONHI PRO$ LUPHN 'ESTIN, 'ALL'-'H= "UPERBOLH
'ALLHLWN KAI 'ELLEIYI$: TAUTA D' 'ESTI MEIZW TE-KAI SMIKRO=TERA
GIGNOMENA 'ALLHLWN KAI PLEIW KAI 'ELATTW KAI MALLON
KAI "HTTON. 'EI GAR TI$ LEGOI "OTI4 'ALLA= POLU DIAFEREI0, 'W*
SWKRATE$, TO PARACRHMA "HDU TOU* 'EI$ TON "USTERON CRONON
KAI "HDEO$ KAI LUPHROU, MWN 'ALLWI TWI, FAIHN 'AN4 'EGWGE,
'H= "HDONHI KAI LUPHI: 'OU-GAR 'ESQ' "OTWI 'ALLWI. 'ALL' "WSPER
<P 356B>
'AGAQO$ "ISTANAI 'ANQRWPO$, SUNQEI$ TA "HDEA KAI SUNQEI$ TA
LUPHRA, KAI TO 'EGGU$ KAI TO PORRW STHSA$ 'EN TW*I ZUGWI,
'EIPE= PO=TERA PLEIW 'ESTIN. 'EA=N MEN-GAR "HDEA PRO$ "HDEA
"ISTHI$, TA MEIZW 'AEI KAI PLEIW LHPTEA; 'EA=N DE LUPHRA PRO$
LUPHRA, TA 'ELATTW KAI SMIKRO=TERA; 'EA=N DE "HDEA PRO$
LUPHRA, 'EA=N MEN TA 'ANIARA "UPERBALLHTAI "UPO TWN "HDEWN,
'EANTE TA 'EGGU$ "UPO TWN PORRW 'EANTE TA PORRW "UPO TWN
'EGGU$, TAUTHN THN PRAXIN PRAKTEON 'EN "HI 'AN4 TAUT' 'ENHI; 'EA=N
<P 356C>
DE TA "HDEA "UPO TWN 'ANIARWN, 'OU PRAKTEA. MH PHI 'ALLHI
'ECEI0, FAIHN 'AN4, TAUTA, 'W* 'ANQRWPOI: 'OID' "OTI4 'OUK 'AN4 'ECOIEN
'ALLW$ LEGEIN. SUNEDOKEI KAI 'EKEINWI.
"OTE DH TOUTO "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, TODE MOI 'APOKRINASQE, FHSW.
FAINETAI "UMIN THI 'OYEI TA 'AUTA MEGEQH 'EGGUQEN MEN MEIZW,
PORRWQEN DE 'ELATTW; 'H= 'OU=: FHSOUSIN2. KAI TA PACEA
KAI TA POLLA "WSAUTW$: KAI "AI FWNAI "AI7 'ISAI 'EGGUQEN
MEN MEIZOU$, PORRWQEN DE SMIKROTERAI: FAIEN 'AN4. 'EI 'OUN
<P 356D>
'EN TOUTWI "HMIN 'H*N TO 'EU PRATTEIN, 'EN TW*I TA MEN MEGALA
MHKH KAI PRATTEIN KAI LAMBANEIN, TA DE SMIKRA KAI FEUGEIN
KAI MH PRATTEIN, TI=$ 'AN4 "HMIN SWTHRI=A 'EFANH TOU* BIOU: 'A*RA
"H METRHTIKH TECNH 'H= "H TOU* FAINOMENOU DUNAMI$: 'H= "AU=TH
MEN "HMA$ 'EPLANA KAI 'EPOIEI 'ANW TE-KAI KATW POLLAKI$
METALAMBANEIN 'TAUTA KAI METAMELEIN KAI 'EN TAI$ PRAXESIN
KAI 'EN TAI$ "AIRESESIN TWN MEGALWN TE-KAI SMIKRWN, "H DE
METRHTIKH 'AKURON MEN 'AN4 'EPOIHSE TOUTO TO FANTASMA, DHLWSASA
<P 356E>
DE TO 'ALHQE$ "HSUCIAN 'AN4 'EPOIHSEN 'ECEIN THN YUCHN
MENOUSAN0 'EPI TW*I 'ALHQEI KAI 'ESWSEN 'AN4 TON BION: 'A*R' 'AN4
"OMOLOGOIEN "OI 'ANQRWPOI PRO$ TAUTA "HMA$ THN METRHTIKHN
SWIZEIN 'AN4 TECNHN 'H= 'ALLHN: THN METRHTIKHN, "WMOLOGEI.
TI= D' 'EI 'EN THI TOU* PERITTOU KAI 'ARTIOU "AIRESEI "HMIN 'H*N "H
SWTHRI=A TOU* BIOU, "OPOTE TO PLEON 'ORQW$ 'EDEI "ELESQAI KAI
"OPOTE TO 'ELATTON, 'H= 'AUTO PRO$ "EAUTO 'H= TO "ETERON PRO$ TO
"ETERON, 'EI=T' 'EGGU$ 'EITE PORRW 'EIH: TI= 'AN4 'ESWIZEN "HMIN TON


<P 357A>
BION: 'A*R' 'AN4 'OUK 'EPISTHMH: KAI-'A*R' 'AN4 'OU METRHTIKH TI$,
'EPEIDHPER "UPERBOLH$ TE-KAI 'ENDEIA$ 'ESTIN "H TECNH: 'EPEIDH
DE PERITTOU TE-KAI 'ARTIOU, 'A*RA 'ALLH TI$ 'H= 'ARIQMHTIKH: "OMOLOGOIEN
'AN4 "HMIN "OI 'ANQRWPOI 'H= 'OU=: 'EDOKOUN 'AN4 KAI TW*I
PRWTAGORA\ "OMOLOGEIN. 'EIEN, 'W* 'ANQRWPOI; 'EPEI DE-DH
"HDONH$ TE-KAI LUPH$ 'EN 'ORQHI THI "AIRESEI 'EFANH "HMIN "H SWTHRI=A
TOU* BIOU 'OUSA, TOU* TE PLEONO$ KAI 'ELATTONO$ KAI
<P 357B>
MEIZONO$ KAI SMIKROTEROU KAI PORRWTERW KAI 'EGGUTERW, 'A*RA
PRWTON MEN 'OU METRHTIKH FAINETAI, "UPERBOLH$ TE-KAI 'ENDEIA$
'OUSA KAI 'ISOTHTO$ PRO$ 'ALLHLA$ SKEYI$: 'ALL' 'ANAGKH.
'EPEI DE METRHTIKH, 'ANAGKHI DHPOU TECNH KAI 'EPISTHMH.
SUMFHSOUSIN2. "HTI$ MEN-TOINUN TECNH KAI 'EPISTHMH 'ESTIN
"AU=TH, 'EI$ 'AUQI$ SKEYOMEQA; "OTI4 DE 'EPISTHMH 'ESTIN, TOSOUTON
'EXARKEI0 PRO$ THN 'APODEIXIN "HN 'EME DEI KAI PRWTAGORAN
<P 357C>
'APODEIXAI0 PERI= "WN 'HRESQ' "HMA$. 'HRESQE DE, 'EI MEMNHSQE,
"HNIKA "HMEI$ 'ALLHLOI$ "WMOLOGOUMEN 'EPISTHMH$ MHDEN 'EINAI
KREITTON, 'ALLA= TOUTO 'AEI KRATEIN, "OPOU 'AN4 'ENHI, KAI "HDONH$
KAI TWN 'ALLWN "APANTWN; "UMEI$ DE-DH 'EFATE THN "HDONHN
POLLAKI$ KRATEIN KAI TOU* 'EIDOTO$ 'ANQRWPOU, 'EPEIDH DE "UMIN
'OUC "WMOLOGOUMEN, META TOUTO 'HRESQE "HMA$; 'W* PRWTAGORA
TE-KAI SWKRATE$, 'EI MH 'ESTI TOUTO TO PAQHMA "HDONH$ "HTTASQAI,
'ALLA= TI= POT' 'ESTIN KAI TI= "UMEI$ 'AUTO FATE0 'EINAI: 'EIPATE3
<P 357D>
"HMIN. 'EI MEN-'OUN TO=TE 'EUQU$ "UMIN 'EIPOMEN "OTI4 'AMAQIA,
KATEGELATE 'AN4 "HMWN; NU*N DE 'AN2 "HMWN KATAGELATE2, KAI "UMWN
'AUTWN KATAGELASESQE. KAI-GAR "UMEI$ "WMOLOGHKATE 'EPISTHMH$
'ENDEIA\ 'EXAMARTANEIN PERI= THN TWN "HDONWN "AIRESIN KAI
LUPWN TOU$ 'EXAMARTANONTA$ % TAUTA DE 'ESTIN 'AGAQA TE-KAI
KAKA?\ KAI 'OU MONON 'EPISTHMH$, 'ALLA=-KAI "H$ TO PROSQEN 'ETI
"WMOLOGHKATE "OTI4 METRHTIKH$; "H DE 'EXAMARTANOMENH PRAXI$
<P 357E>
'ANEU 'EPISTHMH$ 'ISTE0 POU-KAI 'AUTOI "OTI4 'AMAQIA\ PRATTETAI.
"WSTE TOUT' 'ESTIN TO "HDONH$ "HTTW 'EINAI, 'AMAQIA "H MEGISTH,
"H$ PRWTAGORA$ "ODE FHSIN 'IATRO$ 'EINAI KAI PRODIKO$ KAI
"IPPIA$; "UMEI$ DE DIA= TO 'OIESQAI 'ALLO TI 'H= 'AMAQIAN 'EINAI
'OUTE 'AUTOI 'OUTE TOU$ "UMETEROU$ PAIDA$ PARA TOU$ TOUTWN
DIDASKALOU$ TOUSDE TOU$ SOFISTA$ PEMPETE0, "W$ 'OU DIDAKTOU
'ONTO$, 'ALLA= KHDOMENOI TOU* 'ARGURIOU KAI 'OU DIDONTE$ TOUTOI$
KAKW$ PRATTETE0 KAI 'IDIA\ KAI DHMOSIA\.


<P 358A>
TAUTA MEN TOI$ POLLOI$ 'APOKEKRIMENOI 'AN4 'HMEN; "UMA$ DE-DH
META PRWTAGOROU 'ERWTW0, 'W*7 "IPPIA TE-KAI PRODIKE %
KOINO$ GAR-DH 'ESTW "UMIN "O LOGO$ % POTERON DOKW0 "UMIN 'ALHQH
LEGEIN 'H= YEUDESQAI. "UPERFUW$ 'EDOKEI "APASIN 'ALHQH 'EINAI
TA 'EIRHMENA. "OMOLOGEITE0 'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TO MEN "HDU 'AGAQON
'EINAI, TO DE 'ANIARON KAKON. THN DE PRODIKOU TOUDE DIAIRESIN
TWN 'ONOMATWN PARAITOUMAI; 'EITE-GAR "HDU 'EITE TERPNON
LEGEI$ 'EITE CARTON, 'EITE "OPOQEN KAI "OPW$ CAIREI$ TA TOIAUTA
<P 358B>
'ONOMAZWN, 'W* BELTISTE PRODIKE, TOUTO MOI PRO$ "O= BOULOMAI
'APOKRINAI2. GELASA$ 'OUN "O PRODIKO$ SUNWMOLOGHSE, KAI "OI
'ALLOI. TI= DE-DH, 'W* 'ANDRE$, 'EFHN 'EGW, TO TOIONDE: "AI 'EPI
TOUTOU PRAXEI$ "APASAI, 'EPI TOU* 'ALUPW$ ZHN KAI "HDEW$, 'A*R'
'OU KALAI KAI8 'WFELIMOI8: KAI TO KALON 'ERGON 'AGAQON TE-KAI
'WFELIMON: SUNEDOKEI. 'EI 'A=RA, 'EFHN 'EGW, TO "HDU 'AGAQON
'ESTIN, 'OUDEI$ 'OUTE 'EIDW$ 'OUTE 'OIOMENO$ 'A=LLA BELTIW 'EINAI 'H=
<P 358C>
"A POIEI0, KAI DUNATA, 'EPEITA POIEI0 TAUTA, 'EXON TA BELTIW; 'OUDE
TO "HTTW 'EINAI "AUTOU 'ALLO TI TOUT' 'ESTIN 'H= 'AMAQIA, 'OUDE
KREITTW "EAUTOU 'ALLO TI 'H= SOFIA. SUNEDOKEI PASIN. TI= DE-DH:
'AMAQIAN 'A*RA TO TOIONDE LEGETE0, TO YEUDH 'ECEIN DOXAN
KAI 'EYEUSQAI PERI= TWN PRAGMATWN TWN POLLOU 'AXIWN: KAI
TOUTO PASI SUNEDOKEI. 'ALLO TI 'OUN, 'EFHN 'EGW, 'EPI GE TA
KAKA 'OUDEI$ "EKWN 'ERCETAI 'OUDE 'EPI "A 'OIETAI KAKA 'EINAI, 'OUD'
<P 358D>
'ESTI TOUTO, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'EN 'ANQRWPOU FUSEI, 'EPI "A 'OIETAI KAKA
'EINAI 'EQELEIN 'IENAI 'ANTI TWN 'AGAQWN; "OTAN TE 'ANAGKASQHI
DUOIN KAKOIN TO "ETERON "AIREISQAI, 'OUDEI$ TO MEIZON "AIRHSETAI
'EXON TO 'ELATTON: "APANTA TAUTA SUNEDOKEI "APASIN "HMIN.
TI= 'OUN: 'EFHN 'EGW, KALEITE0 TI7 DEO$ KAI FOBON: KAI-'A*RA
"OPER 'EGW: PRO$ SE LEGW0, 'W* PRODIKE. PROSDOKIAN TINA
LEGW0 KAKOU TOUTO, 'EITE FOBON 'EITE DEO$ KALEITE0. 'EDOKEI
PRWTAGORA\ MEN-KAI "IPPIA\ DEO$ TE-KAI FOBO$ 'EINAI TOUTO,
<P 358E>
PRODIKWI DE DEO$, FOBO$ D' 'OU=. 'ALL' 'OUDEN, 'EFHN 'EGW,
PRODIKE, DIAFEREI0; 'ALLA= TODE. 'EI 'ALHQH TA 'EMPROSQEN 'ESTIN,
'A*RA TI$ 'ANQRWPWN 'EQELHSEI2 'EPI TAUTA 'IENAI "A DEDOIKEN0, 'EXON
'EPI "A MH: 'H= 'ADUNATON 'EK TWN "WMOLOGHMENWN: "A GAR DEDOIKEN0,
"WMOLOGHTAI "HGEISQAI KAKA 'EINAI; "A DE "HGEITAI KAKA,
'OUDENA 'OUTE 'IENAI 'EPI TAUTA 'OUTE LAMBANEIN "EKONTA. 'EDOKEI


<P 359A>
KAI TAUTA PASIN.
"OUTW DH TOUTWN "UPOKEIMENWN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PRODIKE TE-KAI
"IPPIA, 'APOLOGEISQW "HMIN PRWTAGORA$ "ODE "A TO PRWTON
'APEKRINATO PW*$ 'ORQW$ 'ECEI0 % MH "A TO PRWTON PANTAPASI;
TO=TE MEN-GAR-DH PENTE 'ONTWN0 MORIWN TH$ 'ARETH$ 'OUDEN 'EFH
'EINAI TO "ETERON "OION TO "ETERON, 'IDIAN DE "AUTOU "EKASTON 'ECEIN
DUNAMIN; 'ALL' 'OU TAUTA LEGW0, 'ALL' "A TO "USTERON 'EI*PEN. TO GAR
"USTERON 'EFH TA MEN TETTARA 'EPIEIKW$ PARAPLH=SIA 'ALLHLOI$
<P 359B>
'EINAI, TO DE "EN PANU POLU DIAFEREIN TWN 'ALLWN, THN 'ANDREIAN,
GNWSESQAI DE M' 'EFH TEKMHRIWI TWIDE; "EURHSEI$ GAR, 'W* SWKRATE$,
'ANQRWPOU$ 'ANOSIWTATOU$ MEN 'ONTA$ KAI 'ADIKWTATOU$
KAI 'AKOLASTOTATOU$ KAI 'AMAQESTATOU$, 'ANDREIOTATOU$ DE; "WI
GNWSHI2 "OTI4 POLU DIAFEREI0 "H 'ANDREIA TWN 'ALLWN MORIWN TH$
'ARETH$. KAI 'EGW 'EUQU$ TO=TE PANU 'EQAUMASA THN 'APOKRISIN,
KAI 'ETI MALLON 'EPEIDH TAUTA MEQ' "UMWN DIEXHLQON. 'HROMHN
D'-'OUN TOUTON 'EI TOU$ 'ANDREIOU$ LEGOI QARRALEOU$; "O DE, KAI
<P 359C>
'ITA$ G', 'EFH. MEMNHSAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* PRWTAGORA, TAUTA
'APOKRINOMENO$: "WMOLOGEI. 'IQI DH, 'EFHN 'EGW, 'EIPE= "HMIN,
'EPI TI= LEGEI$ 'ITA$ 'EINAI TOU$ 'ANDREIOU$: 'H* 'EF' "APER "OI
DEILOI: 'OUK 'EFH. 'OUKOU*N 'EF' "E=TERA. NAI, 'H*-D'-"O$.
POTERON "OI MEN DEILOI 'EPI TA QARRALEA 'ERCONTAI, "OI DE
'ANDREIOI 'EPI TA DEINA: LEGETAI DH, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OUTW$ "UPO
TWN 'ANQRWPWN. 'ALHQH, 'EFHN 'EGW, LEGEI$; 'ALL' 'OU TOUTO
<P 359D>
'ERWTW0, 'ALLA= SU 'EPI TI= FH=I$ 'ITA$ 'EINAI TOU$ 'ANDREIOU$: 'A*R'
'EPI TA DEINA, "HGOUMENOU$ DEINA 'EINAI, 'H= 'EPI TA MH: 'ALLA=
TOUTO G' 'EFH, 'EN "OI$ SU 'ELEGE$ TOI$ LOGOI$ 'APEDEICQH 'ARTI
"OTI4 'ADUNATON. KAI TOUTO, 'EFHN 'EGW 'ALHQE$ LEGEI$; "WST' 'EI
TOUTO 'ORQW$ 'APEDEICQH, 'EPI MEN "A DEINA "HGEITAI 'EINAI 'OUDEI$
'ERCETAI, 'EPEIDH TO "HTTW 'EINAI "EAUTOU "HUREQH 'AMAQIA 'OUSA.
"WMOLOGEI. 'ALLA=-MHN 'EPI "A GE QARROUSI0 PANTE$ 'AU
'ERCONTAI, KAI DEILOI KAI 'ANDREIOI, KAI TAUTHI GE 'EPI TA 'AUTA
<P 359E>
'ERCONTAI "OI DEILOI TE-KAI "OI 'ANDREIOI. 'ALLA=-MENTOI, 'EFH,
'W* SWKRATE$, PAN GE 'TOUNANTION 'ESTIN 'EPI "A "OI TE DEILOI
'ERCONTAI KAI "OI 'ANDREIOI. 'AUTIKA 'EI$ TON POLEMON "OI MEN
'EQELOUSIN0 'IENAI, "OI DE 'OUK 'EQELOUSIN0. POTERON, 'EFHN 'EGW,
KALON 'ON 'IENAI 'H= 'AISCRON: KALON, 'EFH. 'OUKOU*N 'EIPER
KALON, KAI 'AGAQON "WMOLOGHSAMEN 'EN TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN; TA$
GAR KALA$ PRAXEI$ "APASA$ 'AGAQA$ "WMOLOGHSAMEN. 'ALHQH
LEGEI$, KAI 'AEI 'EMOIGE DOKEI0 "OUTW$. 'ORQW$ GE, 'EFHN 'EGW.


<P 360A>
'ALLA= POTEROU$ FH=I$ 'EI$ TON POLEMON 'OUK 'EQELEIN 'IENAI, KALON
'ON KAI 'AGAQON: TOU$ DEILOU$, 'H*-D'-"O$. 'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW,
'EIPER KALON KAI 'AGAQON, KAI "HDU: "WMOLOGHTAI GOUN, 'EFH.
'A*R'-'OUN GIGNWSKONTE$ "OI DEILOI 'OUK 'EQELOUSIN0 'IENAI 'EPI TO
KALLION TE-KAI 'AMEINON KAI "HDION: 'ALLA=-KAI TOUTO 'EA=N
"OMOLOGWMEN, 'EFH, DIAFQEROUMEN TA$ 'EMPROSQEN "OMOLOGIA$.
TI= D' "O 'ANDREIO$: 'OUK 'EPI TO KALLION TE-KAI 'AMEINON KAI
"HDION 'ERCETAI: 'ANAGKH, 'EFH, "OMOLOGEIN. 'OUKOU*N "OLW$ "OI
<P 360B>
'ANDREIOI 'OUK 'AISCROU$ FOBOU$ FOBOUNTAI, "OTAN FOBWNTAI,
'OUDE 'AISCRA QARRH QARROUSIN0: 'ALHQH, 'EFH. 'EI DE MH
'AISCRA, 'A*R' 'OU KALA: "WMOLOGEI. 'EI DE KALA, KAI 'AGAQA:
NAI. 'OUKOU*N KAI "OI DEILOI KAI "OI QRASEI$ KAI "OI MAINOMENOI
'TOUNANTION 'AISCROU$ TE FOBOU$ FOBOUNTAI KAI 'AISCRA
QARRH QARROUSIN0: "WMOLOGEI. QARROUSIN0 DE TA 'AISCRA
KAI KAKA DI' 'ALLO TI 'H= DI' 'AGNOIAN KAI 'AMAQIAN: "OUTW$
<P 360C>
'ECEI0, 'EFH. TI= 'OUN: TOUTO DI' "O= DEILOI 'EISIN "OI DEILOI,
DEILIAN 'H= 'ANDREIAN KALEI$0: DEILIAN 'EGWG', 'EFH. DEILOI
DE 'OU DIA= THN TWN DEINWN 'AMAQIAN 'EFANHSAN 'ONTE$: PANU
G', 'EFH. DIA= TAUTHN 'A=RA THN 'AMAQIAN DEILOI 'EISIN:
"WMOLOGEI. DI' "O= DE DEILOI 'EISIN, DEILIA "OMOLOGEITAI PARA
SOU4: SUNEFH. 'OUKOU*N "H TWN DEINWN KAI MH DEINWN 'AMAQIA
DEILIA 'AN4 'EIH: 'EPENEUSE. 'ALLA=-MHN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ENANTION
<P 360D>
'ANDREIA DEILIA\. 'EFH. 'OUKOU*N "H TWN DEINWN KAI MH DEINWN
SOFIA 'ENANTIA THI TOUTWN 'AMAQIA\ 'ESTIN: KAI 'ENTAUQA 'ETI
'EPENEUSEN. "H DE TOUTWN 'AMAQIA DEILIA: PANU MOGI$
'ENTAUQA 'EPENEUSEN. "H SOFIA 'A=RA TWN DEINWN KAI MH
DEINWN 'ANDREIA 'ESTIN, 'ENANTI=A 'OUSA THI TOUTWN 'AMAQIA\:
'OUKETI 'ENTAUQA 'OUT' 'EPINEUSAI0 'HQELHSEN 'ESIGA TE. KAI 'EGW
'EIPON; TI= DH, 'W* PRWTAGORA, 'OUTE SU FH=I$ "A 'ERWTW0 'OUTE
'APO=FHI$: 'AUTO$, 'EFH, PERANON. "EN G', 'EFHN 'EGW, MONON
<P 360E>
'EROMENO$ 'ETI SE, 'EI SOI4 "WSPER TO PRWTON 'ETI DOKOUSIN0
'EINAI TINE$ 'ANQRWPOI 'AMAQESTATOI MEN, 'ANDREIOTATOI DE.
FILONIKEIN MOI, 'EFH, DOKEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$, TO 'EME 'EINAI TON
'APOKRINOMENON; CARIOUMAI 'OUN SOI4, KAI LEGW0 "OTI4 'EK TWN
"WMOLOGHMENWN 'ADUNATON MOI DOKEI0 'EINAI.
'OUTOI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ALLOU "ENEKA 'ERWTW0 PANTA TAUTA 'H=
SKEYASQAI BOULOMENO$ PW*$ POT' 'ECEI0 TA PERI= TH$ 'ARETH$ KAI
TI= POT' 'ESTIN 'AUTO, "H 'ARETH. 'OIDA GAR "OTI4 TOUTOU FANEROU


<P 361A>
GENOMENOU MALIST' 'AN4 KATADHLON GENOITO 'EKEINO PERI= "OU 'EGW
TE-KAI SU MAKRON LOGON "EKATERO$ 'APETEINAMEN, 'EGW MEN LEGWN
"W$ 'OU DIDAKTON 'ARETH, SU D' "W$ DIDAKTON. KAI MOI DOKEI0 "HMWN
"H 'ARTI 'EXODO$ TWN LOGWN "WSPER 'ANQRWPO$ KATHGOREIN TE-KAI
KATAGELAN, KAI 'EI FWNHN LABOI, 'EIPEIN 'AN4 "OTI4 'ATOPOI G'
'ESTE0, 'W* SWKRATE$ TE-KAI PRWTAGORA; SU MEN LEGWN "OTI4 'OU
DIDAKTON 'ESTIN 'ARETH 'EN TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN, NU*N SEAUTWI 'TANANTIA
<P 361B>
SPEUDEI$, 'EPICEIRWN 'APODEIXAI0 "W$ PANTA CRHMATA 'ESTIN 'EPISTHMH,
KAI "H DIKAIOSUNH KAI SWFROSUNH KAI "H 'ANDREIA,
"WI TROPWI MALIST' 'AN4 DIDAKTON FANEIH "H 'ARETH. 'EI MEN-GAR
'ALLO TI 'H*N 'H= 'EPISTHMH "H 'ARETH, "WSPER PRWTAGORA$ 'EPECEIREI
LEGEIN, SAFW$ 'OUK 'AN4 'H*N DIDAKTON; NU*N DE 'EI FANHSETAI
'EPISTHMH "OLON, "W$ SU SPEUDEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$, QAUMASION
'ESTAI MH DIDAKTON 'ON. PRWTAGORA$ D' 'AU DIDAKTON TO=TE
"UPOQEMENO$, NU*N 'TOUNANTION 'EOIKEN0 SPEUDONTI 'OLIGOU PANTA
<P 361C>
MALLON FANHNAI 'AUTO 'H= 'EPISTHMHN; KAI "OUTW$ 'AN4 "HKISTA
'EIH DIDAKTON. 'EGW 'OUN, 'W* PRWTAGORA, PANTA TAUTA KAQORWN
'ANW KATW TARATTOMENA DEINW$, PASAN PROQUMIAN 'ECW0 KATAFANH
'AUTA GENESQAI, KAI BOULOIMHN 'AN4 TAUTA DIEXELQONTA$
"HMA$ 'EXELQEIN KAI 'EPI THN 'ARETHN "OTI2 'ESTIN, KAI PALIN
'EPISKEYASQAI PERI= 'AUTOU4 'EITE DIDAKTON 'EITE MH DIDAKTON,
MH POLLAKI$ "HMA$ "O 'EPIMHQEU$ 'EKEINO$ KAI 'EN THI SKEYEI
<P 361D>
SFHLHI6 'EXAPATHSA$, "WSPER KAI 'EN THI DIANOMHI 'HMELHSEN
"HMWN, "W$ FH=I$ SU. 'HRESEN 'OUN MOI KAI 'EN TW*I MUQWI "O
PROMHQEU$ MALLON TOU* 'EPIMHQEW$; "WI CRWMENO$ 'EGW KAI
PROMHQOUMENO$ "UPER TOU* BIOU TOU* 'EMAUTOU PANTO$ PANTA
TAUTA PRAGMATEUOMAI, KAI 'EI SU 'EQELOI$, "OPER KAI KAT' 'ARCA$
'ELEGON, META SOU4 'AN4 "HDISTA TAUTA SUNDIASKOPOIHN.
KAI "O PRWTAGORA$, 'EGW MEN, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EPAINW0
SOU4 THN PROQUMIAN KAI THN DIEXODON TWN LOGWN. KAI-GAR-'OUTE
<P 361E>
'TALLA 'OIMAI KAKO$ 'EINAI 'ANQRWPO$, FQONERO$ TE "HKIST' 'ANQRWPWN
'EPEI KAI PERI= SOU4 PRO$ POLLOU$ DH 'EIRHKA "OTI4 "WN 'ENTUGCANW0
POLU MALISTA 'AGAMAI SE, TWN MEN THLIKOUTWN KAI PANU;
KAI LEGW0 GE "OTI4 'OUK 'AN4 QAUMAZOIMI 'EI TWN 'ELLOGIMWN GENOIO
'ANDRWN 'EPI SOFIA\. KAI PERI= TOUTWN DE 'EI$ 'AUQI$, "OTAN BOULHI3,
DIEXIMEN; NU*N D' "WRA 'HDH KAI 'EP' 'ALLO TI TREPESQAI.


<P 362A>
'ALL', 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OUTW CRH POIEIN, 'EI SOI4 DOKEI0. KAI-GAR
'EMOI4 "OIPER4 'EFHN 'IENAI PALAI "WRA, 'ALLA= KALLIA\ TW*I
KALWI CARIZOMENO$ PAREMEINA.
TAUT' 'EIPONTE$ KAI 'AKOUSANTE$ 'APHIMEN.


<B KRAT>


<P 383A>
ERM ^ BOULEI 'OUN-KAI SWKRATEI TWIDE 'ANAKOINWSWMEQA
TON LOGON:
KR ^ 'EI SOI4 DOKEI0.
ERM ^ KRATULO$ FHSIN "ODE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ONOMATO$
'ORQOTHTA 'EINAI "EKASTWI TWN 'ONTWN0 FUSEI PEFUKUIAN, KAI 'OU
TOUTO 'EINAI 'ONOMA "O= 'AN4 TINE$ SUNQEMENOI KALEIN0 KALWSI, TH$
"AUTWN FWNH$ MORION 'EPIFQEGGOMENOI, 'ALLA= 'ORQOTHTA TINA TWN
<P 383B>
'ONOMATWN PEFUKENAI KAI "ELLHSI KAI BARBAROI$ THN 'AUTHN
"APASIN. 'ERWTW0 'OUN 'AUTON 'EGW 'EI 'AUTWI KRATULO$ THI 'ALHQEIA\
'ONOMA 'ESTIN8 'H=8 'OU=8; "O DE "OMOLOGEI0. TI= DE SWKRATEI:
'EFHN. SWKRATH$, 'H*-D'-"O$. 'OUKOU*N-KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$
'ANQRWPOI$ PASIN, "OPER KALOUMEN0 'ONOMA "EKASTON, TOUTO
'ESTIN "EKASTWI 'ONOMA: "O DE, 'OU=KOUN SOI4 GE, 'H*-D'-"O$,
'ONOMA "ERMOGENH$, 'OUDE 'AN2 PANTE$ KALWSIN 'ANQRWPOI.
KAI 'EMOU4 'ERWTWNTO$ KAI PROQUMOUMENOU 'EIDENAI "OTI2 POTE


<P 384A>
LEGEI0, 'OUTE 'APOSAFEI0 'OUDEN 'EIRWNEUETAI TE PRO$ ME, PROSPOIOUMENO$
TI 'AUTO$ 'EN "EAUTWI DIANOEISQAI "W$ 'EIDW$ PERI=
'AUTOU4, "O= 'EI BOULOITO SAFW$ 'EIPEIN, POIHSEIEN 'AN4 KAI 'EME
"OMOLOGEIN KAI LEGEIN "APER 'AUTO$ LEGEI0. 'EI 'OUN PHI 'ECEI$
SUMBALEIN2 THN KRATULOU MANTEIAN, "HDEW$ 'AN4 'AKOUSAIMI;
MALLON DE 'AUTWI SOI4 "OPHI DOKEI0 'ECEIN8 PERI= 'ONOMATWN
'ORQOTHTO$ 'ETI 'AN4 "HDION PUQOIMHN, 'EI SOI4 BOULOMENWI 'ESTIN8.
SW ^ 'W* PAI "IPPONIKOU "ERMOGENE$, PALAIA PAROIMIA "OTI4
<P 384B>
CALEPA TA KALA 'ESTIN "OPHI 'ECEI0 MAQEIN; KAI-DH-KAI TO PERI=
TWN 'ONOMATWN 'OU SMIKRON TUGCANEI0 'ON MAQHMA. 'EI MEN-'OUN
'EGW 'HDH 'HKHKOH PARA PRODIKOU THN PENTHKONTADRACMON 'EPIDEIXIN,
"HN 'AKOUSANTI "UPARCEI0 PERI= TOUTO PEPAIDEUSQAI, "W$
FHSIN 'EKEINO$, 'OUDEN 'AN4 'EKWLUEN SE 'AUTIKA MALA 'EIDENAI
THN 'ALHQEIAN PERI= 'ONOMATWN 'ORQOTHTO$; NU*N DE 'OUK 'AKHKOA,
<P 384C>
'ALLA= THN DRACMIAIAN. 'OU=KOUN 'OIDA PH*I POTE TO 'ALHQE$
'ECEI0 PERI= TWN TOIOUTWN; SUZHTEIN MENTOI "ETOIMO$ 'EIMI KAI
SOI4 KAI KRATULWI KOINHI. "OTI4 DE 'OU FHSI SOI4 "ERMOGENH
'ONOMA 'EINAI THI 'ALHQEIA\, "WSPER "UPOPTEUW0 'AUTON SKWPTEIN;
'OIETAI GAR 'ISW$ SE CRHMATWN 'EFIEMENON KTHSEW$ 'APOTUGCANEIN
"EKASTOTE. 'ALL', "O= NUNDH 'ELEGON, 'EIDENAI MEN
TA TOIAUTA CALEPON, 'EI$ TO KOINON DE KATAQENTA$ CRH SKOPEIN
'EI=TE "W$ SU LEGEI$ 'ECEI0 'EI=TE "W$ KRATULO$.
ERM ^ KAI-MHN 'EGWGE, 'W* SWKRATE$, POLLAKI$ DH-KAI
TOUTWI DIALECQEI$ KAI 'ALLOI$ POLLOI$, 'OU DUNAMAI PEISQHNAI
<P 384D>
"W$ 'ALLH TI$ 'ORQOTH$ 'ONOMATO$ 'H= SUNQHKH KAI "OMOLOGIA.
'EMOI4 GAR DOKEI0 "OTI2 'AN4 TI$ TWI QHTAI 'ONOMA, TOUTO 'EINAI TO
'ORQON; KAI 'AN2 'AUQI$ GE "ETERON METAQHTAI, 'EKEINO DE MHKETI
KALHI5, 'OUDEN "HTTON TO "USTERON 'ORQW$ 'ECEIN TOU* PROTEROU,
"WSPER TOI$ 'OIKETAI$ "HMEI$ METATIQEMEQA 'OUDEN8 "HTTON8 TOUT'8
'EINAI8 'ORQON8 TO8 METATEQEN8 TOU*8 PROTERON8 KEIMENOU8; 'OU-GAR
FUSEI "EKASTWI PEFUKENAI 'ONOMA 'OUDEN 'OUDENI, 'ALLA= NOMWI
KAI 'EQEI TWN 'EQISANTWN0 TE-KAI KALOUNTWN0. 'EI DE PHI 'ALLHI
<P 384E>
'ECEI0, "ETOIMO$ 'EGWGE KAI MANQANEIN KAI 'AKOUEIN 'OU MONON PARA
KRATULOU, 'ALLA=-KAI PAR' 'ALLOU "OTOUOUN.


<P 385A>
SW ^ 'ISW$ MENTOI TI LEGEI$, 'W* "ERMOGENE$; SKEYWMEQA
DE. "O= 'AN4 FH=I$ KALHI5 TI$ "EKASTON, TOUQ' "EKASTWI 'ONOMA:
ERM ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW ^ KAI 'EA=N 'IDIWTH$ KALHI5 KAI 'EA=N POLI$:
ERM ^ FHMI.
SW ^ TI= 'OUN: 'EA=N 'EGW KALW3 "OTIOUN TWN 'ONTWN0, "OION
"O= NU*N KALOUMEN0 'ANQRWPON, 'EA=N 'EGW TOUTO "IPPON PROSAGOREUW3,
"O= DE NU*N "IPPON, 'ANQRWPON, 'ESTAI DHMOSIA\ MEN
'ONOMA 'ANQRWPO$ TW*I 'AUTWI, 'IDIA\ DE "IPPO$: KAI 'IDIA\ MEN 'AU
'ANQRWPO$, DHMOSIA\ DE "IPPO$: "OUTW LEGEI$:
<P 385B>
ERM ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW ^ FERE DH MOI TODE 'EIPE=; KALEI$0 TI 'ALHQH LEGEIN KAI
YEUDH:
ERM ^ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EIH 'AN4 LOGO$ 'ALHQH$, "O DE YEUDH$:
ERM ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN "OUTO$ "O$4 'AN4 TA 'ONTA LEGHI5 "W$ 'ESTIN, 'ALHQH$;
"O$4 D' 'AN4 "W$ 'OUK 'ESTIN, YEUDH$:
ERM ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'ESTIN20 'A=RA TOUTO, LOGWI LEGEIN TA 'ONTA TE-KAI MH:
ERM ^ PANU GE.
<P 385C>
SW ^ "O LOGO$ D' 'ESTIN "O 'ALHQH$ POTERON MEN "OLO$ 'ALHQH$,
TA MORIA D' 'AUTOU4 'OUK 'ALHQH:
ERM ^ 'OU=K, 'ALLA=-KAI TA MORIA.
SW ^ POTERON DE TA MEN MEGALA MORIA 'ALHQH, TA DE
SMIKRA 'OU=; 'H= PANTA:
ERM ^ PANTA, 'OIMAI 'EGWGE.
SW ^ 'ESTIN 'OUN "OTI2 LEGEI$ LOGOU SMIKROTERON MORION
'ALLO 'H= 'ONOMA:
ERM ^ 'OU=K, 'ALLA= TOUTO SMIKROTATON.
SW ^ KAI TOUTO 'ONOMA8 'A=RA TO TOU* 'ALHQOU$ LOGOU LEGETAI:
ERM ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'ALHQE$ GE, "W$ FH=I$.
ERM ^ NAI.
SW ^ TO DE TOU* YEUDOU$ MORION 'OU YEUDO$:
ERM ^ FHMI.
SW ^ 'ESTIN20 'A=RA 'ONOMA YEUDO$ KAI 'ALHQE$ LEGEIN, 'EIPER
KAI LOGON:
<P 385D>
ERM ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW ^ "O= 'AN4 'A=RA "EKASTO$ FHI5 TWI 'ONOMA 'EINAI, TOUTO 'ESTIN
"EKASTWI 'ONOMA:
ERM ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'H*-KAI "OPOSA 'AN4 FHI5 TI$ "EKASTWI 'ONOMATA 'EINAI,
TOSAUTA 'ESTAI KAI TO=TE "OPOTAN FHI5:
ERM ^ 'OU-GAR 'ECW0 'EGWGE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ONOMATO$ 'ALLHN
'ORQOTHTA 'H= TAUTHN, 'EMOI4 MEN "ETERON 'EINAI20 KALEIN0 "EKASTWI
'ONOMA, "O= 'EGW 'EQEMHN, SOI4 DE "ETERON, "O= 'AU SU. "OUTW DE-KAI
<P 385E>
TAI$ POLESIN "ORW0 'IDIA\ "EKASTAI$8 'ENIOI$ 'EPI TOI$ 'AUTOI$
KEIMENA 'ONOMATA, KAI "ELLHSI PARA TOU$ 'ALLOU$ "ELLHNA$,
KAI "ELLHSI PARA BARBAROU$.
SW ^ FERE DH 'IDWMEN, 'W* "ERMOGENE$, POTERON KAI TA 'ONTA
"OUTW$ 'ECEIN SOI4 FAINETAI, 'IDIA\ 'AUTWN "H 'OUSIA 'EINAI "EKASTWI,
"WSPER PRWTAGORA$ 'ELEGEN LEGWN PANTWN9 CRHMATWN9


<P 386A>
METRON9 'EINAI9 'ANQRWPON9 % "W$ 'A=RA "OI*A MEN 'AN4 'EMOI4 FAINHTAI
TA PRAGMATA 'EINAI8, TOIAUTA MEN 'ESTIN 'EMOI4; "OI*A D' 'AN4
SOI4, TOIAUTA DE SOI4 % 'H= 'ECEIN DOKEI0 SOI4 'AUTA "AUTWN TINA
BEBAIOTHTA TH$ 'OUSIA$:
ERM ^ 'HDH POTE 'EGWGE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'APORWN KAI 'ENTAUQA
'EXHNECQHN 'EI$ "APER PRWTAGORA$ LEGEI0; 'OU PANU TI
MENTOI MOI DOKEI0 "OUTW$ 'ECEIN.
SW ^ TI= DE: 'E$ TODE 'HDH 'EXHNECQH$, "WSTE MH PANU SOI4
<P 386B>
DOKEIN 'EINAI TINA 'ANQRWPON PONHRON:
ERM ^ 'OU MA TON DI=A, 'ALLA= POLLAKI$ DH 'AUTO PEPONQA,
"WSTE MOI DOKEIN PANU PONHROU$ 'EINAI TINA$ 'ANQRWPOU$, KAI
MALA SUCNOU$.
SW ^ TI= DE: PANU CRHSTOI 'OUPW SOI4 'EDOXAN 'EINAI
'ANQRWPOI8:
ERM ^ KAI MALA 'OLIGOI.
SW ^ 'EDOXAN D'-'OUN:
ERM ^ 'EMOIGE.
SW ^ PW*$ 'OUN TOUTO TIQESAI: 'A*R' "WDE; TOU$ MEN PANU
CRHSTOU$ PANU FRONIMOU$, TOU$ DE PANU PONHROU$ PANU
'AFRONA$:
<P 386C>
ERM ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0 "OUTW$.
SW ^ "OION-TE 'OUN 'ESTIN8, 'EI PRWTAGORA$ 'ALHQH 'ELEGEN
KAI 'ESTIN "AU=TH "H 'ALHQEIA, TO "OI*A 'AN4 DOKHI5 "EKASTWI TOIAUTA
KAI 'EINAI, TOU$ MEN "HMWN FRONIMOU$ 'EINAI, TOU$ DE 'AFRONA$:
ERM ^ 'OU-DHTA.
SW ^ KAI TAUTA GE, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, SOI4 PANU DOKEI0, FRONHSEW$
'OUSH$ KAI 'AFROSUNH$ MH PANU DUNATON 'EINAI PRWTAGORAN
'ALHQH LEGEIN; 'OUDEN GAR 'AN4 POU THI 'ALHQEIA\ "O
"ETERO$ TOU* "ETEROU FRONIMWTERO$ 'EIH, 'EIPER "A 'AN4 "EKASTWI
<P 386D>
DOKHI5 "EKASTWI 'ALHQH 'ESTAI.
ERM ^ 'ESTI TAUTA.
SW ^ 'ALLA=-MHN-'OUDE KAT' 'EUQUDHMON GE 'OIMAI SOI4 DOKEI0
PASI PANTA "OMOIW$ 'EINAI "AMA KAI 'AEI; 'OUDE-GAR 'AN4 "OUTW$
'EIEN "OI MEN CRHSTOI, "OI DE PONHROI, 'EI "OMOIW$ "APASI KAI 'AEI
'ARETH TE-KAI KAKIA 'EIH.
ERM ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EI MHTE PASI PANTA 'ESTIN "OMOIW$ "AMA KAI
'AEI, MHTE "EKASTWI 'IDIA\ "EKASTON TWN8 'ONTWN80 'ESTIN8, DHLON DH
<P 386E>
"OTI4 'AUTA "AUTWN 'OUSIAN 'ECONTA TINA BEBAION 'ESTI TA PRAGMATA,
'OU PRO$ "HMA$ 'OUDE "UF' "HMWN "ELKOMENA 'ANW KAI KATW
TW*I "HMETERWI FANTASMATI, 'ALLA= KAQ' "AUTA PRO$ THN "AUTWN
'OUSIAN 'ECONTA "HIPER PEFUKEN0.
ERM ^ DOKEI0 MOI, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OUTW.
SW ^ POTERON 'OUN 'AUTA MEN 'AN4 'EIH "OUTW PEFUKOTA, "AI DE
PRAXEI$ 'AUTWN 'OU KATA TON 'AUTON TROPON: 'H= 'OU-KAI "AUTAI
"EN TI 'EIDO$ TWN 'ONTWN0 'EISIN, "AI PRAXEI$:
ERM ^ PANU GE-KAI "AUTAI.


<P 387A>
SW ^ KATA THN "AUTWN 'A=RA FUSIN KAI "AI PRAXEI$ PRATTONTAI,
'OU KATA THN "HMETERAN DOXAN. "OION 'EA=N TI 'EPICEIRHSWMEN
"HMEI$ TWN 'ONTWN0 TEMNEIN, POTERON "HMIN TMHTEON
'ESTIN8 "EKASTON "W$ 'AN4 "HMEI$ BOULWMEQA KAI "WI 'AN4 BOULHQWMEN,
'H= 'EA=N MEN KATA THN FUSIN BOULHQWMEN "EKASTON TEMNEIN TOU*
TEMNEIN TE-KAI TEMNESQAI KAI "WI PEFUKE0, TEMOUMEN TE-KAI
PLEON TI "HMIN 'ESTAI KAI 'ORQW$ PRAXOMEN TOUTO, 'EA=N DE PARA
FUSIN, 'EXAMARTHSOMEQA TE-KAI 'OUDEN PRAXOMEN:
<P 387B>
ERM ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0 "OUTW.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'EA=N KAEIN TI 'EPICEIRHSWMEN, 'OU KATA
PASAN DOXAN DEI KAEIN, 'ALLA= KATA THN 'ORQHN: "AU=TH D' 'ESTIN
"HI 'EPEFUKEI "EKASTON KAESQAI TE-KAI KAEIN KAI "WI 'EPEFUKEI:
ERM ^ 'ESTI TAUTA.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'TALLA "OUTW:
ERM ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN-'OU-KAI TO LEGEIN MIA TI$ TWN PRAXEWN
'ESTIN:
ERM ^ NAI.
SW ^ POTERON 'OUN "HI 'AN4 TWI DOKHI5 LEKTEON 'EINAI, TAUTHI
<P 387C>
LBGWN 'ORQW$ LEXEI2, 'H= 'EA=N MEN "HI PEFUKE0 TA PRAGMATA LEGEIN
TE-KAI LEGESQAI KAI "WI, TAUTHI KAI TOUTWI LEGHI5, PLEON TE TI
POIHSEI2 KAI 'EREI2; 'AN2 DE MH, 'EXAMARTHSETAI TE-KAI 'OUDEN
POIHSEI2:
ERM ^ "OUTW MOI DOKEI0 "W$ LEGEI$.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N TOU* LEGEIN MORION TO 'ONOMAZEIN; DIONOMAZONTE$
GAR-POU LEGOUSI0 TOU$ LOGOU$.
ERM ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TO 'ONOMAZEIN PRAXI$ TI$8 'ESTIN, 'EIPER
KAI TO LEGEIN PRAXI$ TI$ 'H*N PERI= TA PRAGMATA:
ERM ^ NAI.
<P 387D>
SW ^ "AI DE PRAXEI$ 'EFANHSAN "HMIN 'OU PRO$ "HMA$ 'OUSAI
'ALL' "AUTWN TINA 'IDIAN FUSIN 'ECOUSAI:
ERM ^ 'ESTI TAUTA.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'ONOMASTEON 'ESTIN8 "HI PEFUKE0 TA PRAGMATA
'ONOMAZEIN TE-KAI 'ONOMAZESQAI KAI "WI, 'ALL' 'OUC "HI 'AN4
"HMEI$ BOULHQWMEN, 'EIPER TI TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN MELLEI0 "OMOLOGOUMENON
'EINAI: KAI "OUTW MEN 'AN4 PLEON TI POIOIMEN KAI 'ONOMAZOIMEN,
'ALLW$ DE 'OU=:
ERM ^ FAINETAI MOI.
SW ^ FERE DH, "O= 'EDEI TEMNEIN, 'EDEI TWI, FAMEN, TEMNEIN:
ERM ^ NAI.
<P 387E>
SW ^ KAI "O= 'EDEI KERKIZEIN, 'EDEI TWI KERKIZEIN: KAI "O= 'EDEI
TRUPAN, 'EDEI TWI TRUPAN:
ERM ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ KAI "O= 'EDEI DH 'ONOMAZEIN, 'EDEI TWI 'ONOMAZEIN:


<P 388A>
ERM ^ 'ESTI TAUTA.
SW ^ TI= DE 'H*N 'EKEINO "WI 'EDEI TRUPAN:
ERM ^ TRUPANON.
SW ^ TI= DE "WI KERKIZEIN:
ERM ^ KERKI$.
SW ^ TI= DE "WI 'ONOMAZEIN:
ERM ^ 'ONOMA.
SW ^ 'EU LEGEI$. 'ORGANON 'A=RA TI 'ESTI KAI TO 'ONOMA.
ERM ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ 'EI 'OUN 'EGW 'EROIMHN TI= 'H*N 'ORGANON "H KERKI$:
'OUC "WI KERKIZOMEN:
ERM ^ NAI.
<P 388B>
SW ^ KERKIZONTE$ DE TI= DRWMEN0: 'OU THN KROKHN KAI TOU$
STHMONA$ SUGKECUMENOU$ DIAKRINOMEN:
ERM ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI PERI= TRUPANOU "EXEI$ "OUTW$ 'EIPEIN KAI
PERI= TWN 'ALLWN:
ERM ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ 'ECEI$ DH-KAI PERI= 'ONOMATO$ "OUTW$ 'EIPEIN: 'ORGANWI
'ONTI TW*I 'ONOMATI 'ONOMAZONTE$ TI= POIOUMEN:
ERM ^ 'OUK 'ECW0 LEGEIN.
SW ^ 'A*R' 'OU DIDASKOMEN TI 'ALLHLOU$ KAI TA PRAGMATA
DIAKRINOMEN "HI 'ECEI0:
ERM ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ 'ONOMA 'A=RA DIDASKALIKON TI 'ESTIN 'ORGANON KAI
<P 388C>
DIAKRITIKON TH$ 'OUSIA$ "WSPER KERKI$ "UFASMATO$.
ERM ^ NAI.
SW ^ "UFANTIKON DE-GE "H KERKI$:
ERM ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
SW ^ "UFANTIKO$ MEN-A=RA KERKIDI KALW$ CRHSETAI, KALW$
D' 'ESTIN "UFANTIKW$; DIDASKALIKO$ DE 'ONOMATI, KALW$ D' 'ESTI
DIDASKALIKW$.
ERM ^ NAI.
SW ^ TW*I TI=NO$ 'OUN 'ERGWI "O "UFANTH$ KALW$ CRHSETAI "OTAN
THI KERKIDI CRHTAI2:
ERM ^ TW*I TOU* TEKTONO$.
SW ^ PA$ DE TEKTWN 'H= "O THN TECNHN 'ECWN:
ERM ^ "O THN TECNHN.
<P 388D>
SW ^ TW*I TI=NO$ DE 'ERGWI "O TRUPHTH$ KALW$ CRHSETAI "OTAN
TW*I TRUPANWI CRHTAI2:
ERM ^ TW*I TOU* CALKEW$.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN PA$ CALKEU$ 'H= "O THN TECNHN 'ECWN:
ERM ^ "O THN TECNHN.
SW ^ 'EIEN. TW*I DE TI=NO$ 'ERGWI "O DIDASKALIKO$ CRHSETAI
"OTAN TW*I 'ONOMATI CRHTAI2:
ERM ^ 'OUDE TOUT' 'ECW0.
SW ^ 'OUDE TOUTO G' 'ECEI$ 'EIPEIN, TI=$ PARADIDWSIN0 "HMIN
TA 'ONOMATA "OI$ CRWMEQA0:
ERM ^ 'OU-DHTA.
SW ^ 'A*R' 'OUCI "O NOMO$ DOKEI0 SOI4 'EINAI8 "O PARADIDOU$
'AUTA:
ERM ^ 'EOIKEN0.
<P 388E>
SW ^ NOMOQETOU 'A=RA 'ERGWI CRHSETAI "O DIDASKALIKO$ "OTAN
'ONOMATI CRHTAI2:
ERM ^ DOKEI0 MOI.
SW ^ NOMOQETH$ DE SOI4 DOKEI0 PA$ 'EINAI 'ANHR 'H= "O THN
TECNHN 'ECWN:
ERM ^ "O THN TECNHN.
SW ^ 'OUK-'A=RA PANTO$ 'ANDRO$, 'W* "ERMOGENE$, 'ONOMA QESQAI


<P 389A>
'ESTIN8 'ALLA= TINO$ 'ONOMATOURGOU; "OUTO$ D' 'ESTIN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0,
"O NOMOQETH$, "O$4 DH TWN DHMIOURGWN SPANIWTATO$ 'EN 'ANQRWPOI$
GIGNETAI.
ERM ^ 'EOIKEN0.
SW ^ 'IQI DH, 'EPISKEYAI POI* BLEPWN "O NOMOQETH$ TA
'ONOMATA TIQETAI; 'EK TWN 'EMPROSQEN DE 'ANASKEYAI. POI*
BLEPWN "O TEKTWN THN KERKIDA POIEI0: 'A*R' 'OU PRO$ TOIOUTON
TI "O= 'EPEFUKEI KERKIZEIN:
ERM ^ PANU GE.
<P 389B>
SW ^ TI= DE: 'AN2 KATAGHI 'AUTWI "H KERKI$ POIOUNTI, POTERON
PALIN POIHSEI2 'ALLHN PRO$ THN KATEAGUIAN BLEPWN, 'H= PRO$
'EKEINO TO 'EIDO$ PRO$ "OPER KAI "HN KATEAXEN 'EPOIEI:
ERM ^ PRO$ 'EKEINO, 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EKEINO DIKAIOTAT' 'AN4 'AUTO "O= 'ESTIN KERKI$
KALESAIMEN:
ERM ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EPEIDAN DEHI5 LEPTWI "IMATIWI 'H= PACEI 'H= LINWI
'H= 'EREWI 'H= "OPOIWIOUN TINI KERKIDA POIEIN, PASA$ MEN DEI TO
TH$ KERKIDO$ 'ECEIN 'EIDO$, "OI=A D' "EKASTWI KALLISTH 'EPEFUKEI,
<P 389C>
TAUTHN 'APODIDONAI THN FUSIN 'EI$ TO 'ERGON "EKASTON:
ERM ^ NAI.
SW ^ KAI PERI= TWN 'ALLWN DH 'ORGANWN "O 'AUTO$ TROPO$;
TO FUSEI "EKASTWI PEFUKO$ 'ORGANON 'EXEURONTA DEI 'APODOUNAI0
'EI$ 'EKEINO 'EX "OU2 'AN4 POIHI5 TO8 'ERGON8, 'OUC "OION 'AN4 'AUTO$
BOULHQHI, 'ALL' "OION 'EPEFUKEI. TO FUSEI GAR "EKASTWI "W$ 'EOIKE0,
TRUPANON PEFUKO$ 'EI$ TON SIDHRON DEI 'EPISTASQAI TIQENAI.
ERM ^ PANU GE.
SM ^ KAI THN FUSEI KERKIDA "EKASTWI PEFUKUIAN 'EI$ XULON.
ERM ^ 'ESTI TAUTA.
<P 389D>
SW ^ FUSEI GAR 'H*N "EKASTWI 'EIDEI "UFASMATO$, "W$ 'EOIKEN0,
"EKASTH KERKI$, KAI 'TALLA "OUTW$.
ERM ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN, 'W* BELTISTE, KAI TO "EKASTWI FUSEI PEFUKO$
'ONOMA TON NOMOQETHN 'EKEINON 'EI$ TOU$ FQOGGOU$ KAI TA$
SULLABA$ DEI 'EPISTASQAI TIQENAI, KAI BLEPONTA PRO$ 'AUTO
'EKEINO "O= 'ESTIN 'ONOMA, PANTA TA 'ONOMATA POIEIN TE-KAI
TIQESQAI, 'EI MELLEI0 KURIO$ 'EINAI 'ONOMATWN QETH$: 'EI DE MH
'EI$ TA$ 'AUTA$ SULLABA$ "EKASTO$ "O NOMOQETH$ TIQHSIN, 'OUDEN
<P 389E>
DEI TOUTO 'AMFIGNOEIN7; 'OUDE-GAR 'EI$ TON 'AUTON SIDHRON
"APA$ CALKEU$ TIQHSIN, TOU* 'AUTOU4 "ENEKA POIW*N TO 'AUTO
'ORGANON; 'ALL' "OMW$, "EW$ 'AN4 THN 'AUTHN 'IDEAN 'APODIDWI0, 'EANTE


<P 390A>
'EN 'ALLWI SIDHRWI, "OMW$ 'ORQW$ 'ECEI0 TO 'ORGANON, 'EANTE 'ENQADE
'EANTE 'EN BARBAROI$ TI$ POIHI5. 'H*-GAR:
ERM ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N "OUTW$ 'AXIWSEI$ KAI TON NOMOQETHN TON TE
'ENQADE KAI TON 'EN TOI$ BARBAROI$, "EW$ 'AN4 TO TOU* 'ONOMATO$
'EIDO$ 'APODIDWI0 TO PROSHKON0 "EKASTWI 'EN "OPOIAISOUN SULLABAI$,
'OUDEN CEIRW NOMOQETHN 'EINAI TON 'ENQADE 'H= TON "OPOUOUN 'ALLOQI:
ERM ^ PANU GE.
<P 390B>
SW ^ TI=$ 'OUN "O GNWSOMENO$ 'EI TO PROSHKON0 'EIDO$ KERKIDO$
'EN "OPOIWIOUN XULWI KEITAI: "O POIHSA$, "O TEKTWN, 'H= "O CRHSOMENO$
"O8 "UFANTH$:
ERM ^ 'EIKO$ MEN MALLON, 'W* SWKRATE$, TON CRHSOMENON.
SW ^ TI=$ 'OUN "O TW*I TOU* LUROPOIOU 'ERGWI CRHSOMENO$: 'A*R'
'OUC "OUTO$ "O$4 'EPISTAITO 'AN4 'ERGAZOMENWI KALLISTA 'EPISTATEIN
KAI 'EIRGASMENON GNOIH 'EI=T' 'EU 'EIRGASTAI 'EI=TE MH:
ERM ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ TI=$:
ERM ^ "O KIQARISTH$.
SW ^ TI=$ DE "O TW*I TOU* NAUPHGOU:
<P 390C>
ERM ^ KUBERNHTH$.
SW ^ TI=$ DE TW*I TOU* NOMOQETOU 'ERGWI 'EPISTATHSEIE T' 'AN4
KALLISTA KAI 'EIRGASMENON KRINEIE KAI 'ENQADE KAI 'EN TOI$
BARBAROI$: 'A*R' 'OUC "OSPER CRHSETAI:
ERM ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OUC "O 'ERWTAN 'EPISTAMENO$ "OUTO$ 'ESTIN:
ERM ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ "O DE 'AUTO$ KAI 'APOKRINESQAI:
ERM ^ NAI.
SW ^ TON DE 'ERWTAN KAI 'APOKRINESQAI 'EPISTAMENON 'ALLO
TI SU KALEI$0 'H= DIALEKTIKON:
ERM ^ 'OU=K, 'ALLA= TOUTO.
<P 390D>
SW ^ TEKTONO$ MEN-'A=RA 'ERGON 'ESTIN POIHSAI0 PHDALION 'EPISTATOUNTO$
KUBERNHTOU, 'EI MELLEI0 KALON 'EINAI TO PHDALION.
ERM ^ FAINETAI.
SW ^ NOMOQETOU DE-GE, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'ONOMA, 'EPISTATHN 'ECONTO$
DIALEKTIKON 'ANDRA, 'EI MELLEI0 KALW$ 'ONOMATA QHSESQAI.
ERM ^ 'ESTI TAUTA.
SW ^ KINDUNEUEI0 'A=RA, 'W* "ERMOGENE$, 'EINAI 'OU FAULON, "W$
SU 'OIEI, "H TOU* 'ONOMATO$ QESI$, 'OUDE FAULWN 'ANDRWN 'OUDE
TWN 'EPITUCONTWN3. KAI KRATULO$ 'ALHQH LEGEI0 LEGWN FUSEI
<P 390E>
TA 'ONOMATA 'EINAI TOI$ PRAGMASI, KAI 'OU PANTA DHMIOURGON
'ONOMATWN 'EINAI, 'ALLA= MONON 'EKEINON TON 'APOBLEPONTA 'EI$ TO
THI FUSEI 'ONOMA 'ON "EKASTWI KAI DUNAMENON 'AUTOU4 TO 'EIDO$
TIQENAI 'EI$ TE TA GRAMMATA KAI TA$ SULLABA$.
ERM ^ 'OUK 'ECW0, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OPW$ CRH PRO$ "A LEGEI$


<P 391A>
'ENANTIOUSQAI. 'ISW$ MENTOI 'OU "RA&DION 'ESTIN "OUTW$ 'EXAIFNH$
PEISQHNAI, 'ALLA= DOKW0 MOI "WDE 'AN4 MALLON PIQESQAI SOI4, 'EI
MOI DEIXEIA$ "HNTINA FH=I$ 'EINAI THN FUSEI 'ORQOTHTA 'ONOMATO$.
SW ^ 'EGW MEN, 'W* MAKARIE "ERMOGENE$, 'OUDEMIAN LEGW0,
'ALL' 'EPELAQOU GE "WN 'OLIGON PROTERON 'ELEGON, "OTI4 'OUK
'EIDEIHN 'ALLA= SKEYOIMHN META SOU4. NU*N DE SKOPOUMENOI$
"HMIN, 'EMOI4 TE-KAI SOI4, TOSOUTON MEN 'HDH FAINETAI PARA TA
PRO=TERA, FUSEI TE TINA 'ORQOTHTA 'ECON 'EINAI TO 'ONOMA KAI 'OU
<P 391B>
PANTO$ 'ANDRO$ 'EPISTASQAI KALW$8 'AUTO PRAGMATI "OTWIOUN
QESQAI; 'H= 'OU=:
ERM ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N TO META TOUTO CRH ZHTEIN, 'EIPER 'EPIQUMEI$
'EIDENAI, "HTI$ POT' 'AU 'ESTIN 'AUTOU4 "H 'ORQOTH$.
ERM ^ 'ALLA=-MHN 'EPIQUMW0 GE 'EIDENAI.
SW ^ SKOPEI5 TOINUN.
ERM ^ PW*$ 'OUN CRH SKOPEIN:
SW ^ 'ORQOTATH MEN TH$ SKEYEW$, 'W* "ETAIRE, META TWN
'EPISTAMENWN, CRHMATA 'EKEINOI$ TELOUNTA0 KAI CARITA$ KATATIQEMENON.
'EISI DE "OUTOI "OI SOFISTAI, "OISPER KAI "O 'ADELFO$
<P 391C>
SOU4 KALLIA$ POLLA TELESA$ CRHMATA SOFO$ DOKEI0 'EINAI.
'EPEIDH DE 'OUK 'EGKRATH$ 'EI* TWN PATRWIWN, LIPAREIN CRH TON
'ADELFON KAI DEISQAI 'AUTOU4 DIDAXAI0 SE THN 'ORQOTHTA PERI=
TWN TOIOUTWN "HN 'EMAQEN PARA PRWTAGOROU.
ERM ^ 'ATOPO$ 'MENTAN4 'EIH MOU, 'W* SWKRATE$, "H DEHSI$,
'EI THN MEN 'ALHQEIAN THN PRWTAGOROU "OLW$ 'OUK 'APODECOMAI,
TA DE THI TOIAUTHI 'ALHQEIA\ "RHQENTA 'AGAPWIHN "W$ TOU 'A=XIA.
SW ^ 'ALL' 'EI MH 'AU SE TAUTA 'ARESKEI0, PAR' "OMHROU CRH
<P 391D>
MANQANEIN KAI PARA TWN 'ALLWN POIHTWN.
ERM ^ KAI TI= LEGEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OMHRO$ PERI= 'ONOMATWN,
KAI POU*:
SW ^ POLLACOU; MEGISTA DE-KAI KALLISTA 'EN "OI$ DIORIZEI0
'EPI TOI$ 'AUTOI$ "A TE "OI 'ANQRWPOI 'ONOMATA KALOUSI0 KAI "OI
QEOI. 'H= 'OUK 'OIEI 'AUTON MEGA TI KAI QAUMASION LEGEIN 'EN
TOUTOI$ PERI= 'ONOMATWN 'ORQOTHTO$: DHLON GAR-DH "OTI4 "OI GE
QEOI 'AUTA KALOUSIN0 PRO$ 'ORQOTHTA "APER 'ESTI FUSEI 'ONOMATA;
<P 391E>
'H= SU 'OUK 'OIEI:
ERM ^ 'EU 'OIDA MEN-'OUN 'EGWGE, 'EIPER KALOUSIN0, "OTI4 'ORQW$
KALOUSIN0. 'ALLA= POI*A TAUTA LEGEI$:
SW ^ 'OUK 'OISQA "OTI4 PERI= TOU* POTAMOU TOU* 'EN THI TROIA\,
"O$4 'EMONOMACEI TW*I "HFAISTWI, "ON9 XANQON9, FHSI, KALEOUSI90
QEOI9, 'ANDRE$9 DE9 SKAMANDRON9:
ERM ^ 'EGWGE.


<P 392A>
SW ^ TI= 'OUN-DH: 'OUK 'OIEI TOUTO SEMNON TI 'EINAI GNWNAI0,
"OPHI POTE 'ORQW$ 'ECEI0 'EKEINON TON POTAMON XANQON KALEIN0
MALLON 'H= SKAMANDRON: 'EI DE BOULEI, PERI= TH$ 'ORNIQO$ "HN
LEGEI0 "OTI4 %
CALKIDA9 KIKLHISKOUSI90 QEOI9, 'ANDRE$9 DE9 KUMINDIN9,
FAULON "HGHI0 TO MAQHMA "OSWI 'ORQOTERON 'ESTI KALEISQAI0 CALKI$
KUMINDIDO$ TW*I 'AUTWI 'ORNEWI: 'H= THN BATIEIAN TE-KAI MURINHN,
<P 392B>
KAI 'A=LLA POLLA KAI TOUTOU TOU* POIHTOU KAI 'ALLWN: 'ALLA=
TAUTA MEN 'ISW$ MEIZW 'ESTIN 'H= KAT' 'EME KAI SE 'EXEUREIN;
"O DE SKAMANDRIO$ TE-KAI "O 'ASTUANAX 'ANQRWPINWTERON DIASKEYASQAI,
"W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0, KAI "RA*ION, "A FHSIN 'ONOMATA 'EINAI
TW*I TOU* "EKTORO$ "UEI, TI=NA POTE LEGEI0 THN 'ORQOTHTA 'AUTWN.
'OISQA GAR-DHPOU TAUTA TA 'EPH 'EN "OI$ 'ENESTIN "A 'EGW
LEGW0.
ERM ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ POTERON 'OUN 'OIEI "OMHRON 'ORQOTERON "HGEISQAI TWN
'ONOMATWN KEISQAI TW*I PAIDI, TON 'ASTUANAKTA 'H= TON
SKAMANDRION:
<P 392C>
ERM ^ 'OUK 'ECW0 LEGEIN.
SW ^ "WDE DH SKOPEI5. 'EI TI$ 'EROITO SE POTERON 'OIEI
'ORQOTERON KALEIN0 TA 'ONOMATA TOU$ FRONIMWTEROU$ 'H= TOU$
'AFRONESTEROU$:
ERM ^ DHLON DH "OTI4 TOU$ FRONIMWTEROU$, FAIHN 'AN4.
SW ^ POTERON 'OUN "AI GUNAIKE$ 'EN TAI$ POLESIN FRONIMWTERAI
SOI4 DOKOUSIN0 'EINAI 'H= "OI 'ANDRE$, "W$ TO "OLON 'EIPEIN
GENO$:
ERM ^ "OI 'ANDRE$.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'OISQA "OTI4 "OMHRO$ TO PAIDION TO TOU* "EKTORO$
<P 392D>
"UPO TWN TRWWN FHSIN KALEISQAI0 'ASTUANAKTA, SKAMANDRION
DE DHLON "OTI4 "UPO TWN GUNAIKWN, 'EPEIDH "OI GE 'ANDRE$ 'AUTON
'ASTUANAKTA 'EKALOUN:
ERM ^ 'EOIKE0 GE.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI "OMHRO$ TOU$ TRWA$ SOFWTEROU$ "HGEITO
'H= TA$ GUNAIKA$ 'AUTWN:
ERM ^ 'OIMAI 'EGWGE.
SW ^ TON 'ASTUANAKTA 'A=RA 'ORQOTERON 'WIETO KEISQAI TW*I
PAIDI 'H= TON SKAMANDRION:
ERM ^ FAINETAI.
SW ^ SKOPWMEN DH DIA= TI= POTE. 'H= 'AUTO$ "HMIN KALLISTA
"UFHGEITAI TO DIOTI: FHSIN GAR %
<P 392E>
'OIO$9 GAR9 SFIN9 'ERUTO1 POLIN1 KAI9 TEICEA9 MAKRA9.
DIA= TAUTA DH, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'ORQW$ 'ECEI0 KALEIN0 TON TOU* SWTHRO$
"UON 'ASTUANAKTA TOUTOU "O= 'ESWIZEN "O PATHR 'AUTOU4, "W$ FHSIN
"OMHRO$.
ERM ^ FAINETAI MOI.
SW ^ TI= DH POTE: 'OU-GAR-PW-'OUD' 'AUTO$ 'EGWGE MANQANW0;
'W* "ERMOGENE$, SU DE MANQANEI$:
ERM ^ MA DI=' 'OUK 'EGWGE.


<P 393A>
SW ^ 'ALL'-'A*RA, 'WGAQE, KAI TW*I "EKTORI 'AUTO$ 'EQETO TO
'ONOMA "OMHRO$:
ERM ^ TI= DH:
SW ^ "OTI4 MOI DOKEI0 KAI TOUTO PARAPLHSION TI 'EINAI TW*I
'ASTUANAKTI, KAI 'EOIKEN0 "ELLHNIKOI$ TAUTA TA8 'ONOMATA8.
"O GAR 'ANAX KAI "O "EKTWR SCEDON TI 'TAUTON SHMAINEI0,
BASILIKA 'AMFO=TERA 'EINAI TA 'ONOMATA; "OU2 GAR 'AN4 TI$ 'ANAX
'HI, KAI "EKTWR DHPOU 'ESTIN TOUTOU; DHLON GAR "OTI4 KRATEI0
<P 393B>
TE 'AUTOU4 KAI KEKTHTAI KAI 'ECEI0 'AUTO. 'H= 'OUDEN SOI4 DOKW0
LEGEIN, 'ALLA= LANQANW0 KAI 'EMAUTON 'OIOMENO$ TINO$ "WSPER
'ICNOU$ 'EFAPTESQAI TH$ "OMHROU DOXH$ PERI= 'ONOMATWN
'ORQOTHTO$:
ERM ^ MA DI=' 'OU SU GE, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI$, 'ALLA= 'ISW$ TOU
'EFAPTHI0.
SW ^ DIKAION GE-TOI 'ESTIN, "W$ 'EMOI4 FAINETAI, TON LEONTO$
'EKGONON LEONTA KALEIN0 KAI TON "IPPOU 'EKGONON "IPPON. 'OU TI
LEGW0 'EA=N "WSPER TERA$ GENHTAI 'EX "IPPOU 'ALLO TI 'H= "IPPO$,
<P 393C>
'ALL' "OU2 'AN4 'HI TOU* GENOU$ 'EKGONON THN FUSIN, TOUTO LEGW0;
'EA=N BOO$ 'EKGONON FUSEI "IPPO$ PARA FUSIN TEKHI6 MOSCON, 'OU
PWLON KLHTEON 'ALLA= MOSCON; 'OUD' 'AN2 'EX 'ANQRWPOU 'OIMAI
MH TO 'ANQRWPOU 'EKGONON GENHTAI, 'ALL'8 "O=8 'AN84 TO 'EKGONON
'ANQRWPO$ KLHTEO$; KAI TA DENDRA "WSAUTW$ KAI 'TALLA "APANTA;
'H= 'OU SUNDOKEI0:
ERM ^ SUNDOKEI0.
SW ^ KALW$ LEGEI$; FULATTE GAR ME MH PHI PARAKROUSWMAI
SE. KATA GAR TON 'AUTON LOGON 'KAN2 'EK BASILEW$ GIGNHTAI TI
<P 393D>
'EKGONON, BASILEU$ KLHTEO$; 'EI DE 'EN "ETERAI$ SULLABAI$ 'H= 'EN
"ETERAI$ TO 'AUTO SHMAINEI0, 'OUDEN PRAGMA; 'OUD' 'EI PROSKEITAI
TI GRAMMA 'H= 'AFHIRHTAI, 'OUDEN 'OUDE TOUTO, "EW$ 'AN4 'EGKRATH$ 'HI "H
'OUSIA TOU* PRAGMATO$ DHLOUMENH 'EN TW*I 'ONOMATI.
ERM ^ PW*$ TOUTO LEGEI$:
SW ^ 'OUDEN POIKILON, 'ALL' "WSPER TWN STOICEIWN 'OISQA
"OTI4 'ONOMATA LEGOMEN 'ALL' 'OUK 'AUTA TA STOICEIA, PLHN
TETTARWN, TOU* E KAI TOU* U KAI TOU* O KAI TOU* W; TOI$ D'
<P 393E>
'ALLOI$ FWNHESI TE-KAI 'AFWNOI$ 'OISQA "OTI4 PERITIQENTE$ 'A=LLA
GRAMMATA LEGOMEN, 'ONOMATA POIOUNTE$; 'ALL' "EW$ 'AN4 'AUTOU4
DHLOUMENHN THN DUNAMIN 'ENTIQWMEN, 'ORQW$ 'ECEI0 'EKEINO TO
'ONOMA KALEIN0 "O= 'AUTO "HMIN DHLWSEI2. "OION TO BHTA; "ORA*I$0
"OTI4 TOU* 'HTA KAI TOU* TAU KAI TOU* 'ALFA PROSTEQENTWN5 'OUDEN
'ELUPHSEN, "WSTE MH 'OUCI THN 'EKEINOU TOU* STOICEIOU FUSIN
DHLWSAI0 "OLWI TW*I 'ONOMATI "OU2 'EBOULETO "O NOMOQETH$; "OUTW$
'HPISTHQH KALW$ QESQAI TOI$ GRAMMASI TA 'ONOMATA.
ERM ^ 'ALHQH MOI DOKEI$ LEGEIN.


<P 394A>
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI PERI= BASILEW$ "O 'AUTO$ LOGO$: 'ESTAI
GAR POTE 'EK BASILEW$ BASILEU$, KAI 'EX 'AGAQOU 'AGAQO$, KAI
'EK KALOU KALO$, KAI 'TALLA PANTA "OUTW$, 'EX "EKASTOU GENOU$
"ETERON TOIOUTON 'EKGONON, 'EA=N MH TERA$ GIGNHTAI; KLHTEON DH
'TAUTA 'ONOMATA. POIKILLEIN DE 'EXESTI TAI$ SULLABAI$, "WSTE
DOXAI40 'AN4 TW*I 'IDIWTIKW$ 'ECONTI "E=TERA 'EINAI 'ALLHLWN TA 'AUTA
'ONTA; "WSPER "HMIN TA TWN 'IATRWN FARMAKA CRWMASIN KAI
'OSMAI$ PEPOIKILMENA 'A=LLA FAINETAI TA 'AUTA 'ONTA, TW*I DE-GE
<P 394B>
'IATRWI, "ATE THN DUNAMIN TWN FARMAKWN SKOPOUMENWI, TA 'AUTA
FAINETAI, KAI 'OUK 'EKPLHTTETAI "UPO TWN PROSONTWN0. "OUTW
DE 'ISW$ KAI "O 'EPISTAMENO$ PERI= 'ONOMATWN THN DUNAMIN 'AUTWN
SKOPEI0, KAI 'OUK 'EKPLHTTETAI 'EI TI PROSKEITAI GRAMMA 'H=
METAKEITAI 'H= 'AFHIRHTAI, 'H=-KAI 'EN 'ALLOI$ PANTAPASIN GRAMMASIN
'ESTIN "H TOU* 'ONOMATO$ DUNAMI$. "WSPER "O= NUNDH
'ELEGOMEN, 'ASTUANAX TE-KAI "EKTWR 'OUDEN TWN 'AUTWN
<P 394C>
GRAMMATWN 'ECEI0 PLHN TOU* TAU, 'ALL' "OMW$ 'TAUTON SHMAINEI0.
KAI 'ARCEPOLI$ GE TWN MEN GRAMMATWN TI= 'EPIKOINWNEI0:
DHLOI0 DE "OMW$ TO 'AUTO; KAI 'A=LLA POLLA 'ESTIN "A 'OUDEN 'ALL'-'H=
BASILEA SHMAINEI0; KAI 'A=LLA GE 'AU STRATHGON, "OION 'AGI$
KAI POLEMARCO$ KAI 'EUPOLEMO$. KAI 'IATRIKA GE "ETERA,
'IATROKLH$ KAI 'AKESIMBROTO$; KAI "E=TERA 'AN4 'ISW$ SUCNA
"EUROIMEN TAI$ MEN SULLABAI$ KAI TOI$ GRAMMASI DIAFWNOUNTA,
THI DE DUNAMEI 'TAUTON FQEGGOMENA. FAINETAI "OUTW$ 'H= 'OU=:
<P 394D>
ERM ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ TOI$ MEN-DH KATA FUSIN GIGNOMENOI$ TA 'AUTA
'APODOTEON 'ONOMATA.
ERM ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ TI= DE TOI$ PARA FUSIN, "OI= 'AN4 'EN TERATO$ 'EIDEI
GENWNTAI: "OION "OTAN 'EX 'ANDRO$ 'AGAQOU KAI QEOSEBOU$
'ASEBH$ GENHTAI, 'A*R' 'OUC "WSPER 'EN TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN, 'KAN2
"IPPO$ BOO$ 'EKGONON TEKHI6, 'OU TOU* TEKONTO$ DHPOU 'EDEI THN
'EPWNUMIAN 'ECEIN, 'ALLA= TOU* GENOU$ "OU2 'EIH:
ERM ^ PANU GE.
<P 394E>
SW ^ KAI TW*I 'EK TOU* 'EUSEBOU$ 'A=RA GENOMENWI 'ASEBEI TO
TOU* GENOU$ 'ONOMA 'APODOTEON.
ERM ^ 'ESTI TAUTA.
SW ^ 'OU QEOFILON, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'OUDE MNHSIQEON
'OUDE TWN TOIOUTWN 'OUDEN; 'ALL' "OTI2 'TANANTIA TOUTOI$ SHMAINEI0,
'EANPER TH$ 'ORQOTHTO$ TUGCANHI5 TA 'ONOMATA.
ERM ^ PANTO$ GE MALLON, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ "WSPER GE-KAI "O 'ORESTH$, 'W* "ERMOGENE$, KINDUNEUEI0
'ORQW$ 'ECEIN, 'EI=TE TI$ TUCH 'EQETO 'AUTWI TO 'ONOMA 'EI=TE-KAI
POIHTH$ TI$, TO QHRIWDE$ TH$ FUSEW$ KAI TO 'AGRION 'AUTOU4
KAI TO 'OREINON 'ENDEIKNUMENO$ TW*I 'ONOMATI.


<P 395A>
ERM ^ FAINETAI "OUTW$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ 'EOIKEN0 DE-GE-KAI TW*I PATRI 'AUTOU4 KATA FUSIN TO
'ONOMA 'EINAI.
ERM ^ FAINETAI.
SW ^ KINDUNEUEI0 GAR TOIOUTO$ TI$ 'EINAI "O 'AGAMEMNWN,
"OIO$ "A DOXEIEN 'AUTWI DIAPONEISQAI KAI KARTEREIN TELO$ 'EPITIQEI=$
TOI$ DOXASI DI' 'ARETHN. SHMEION DE 'AUTOU4 "H 'EN TROIA\
MONH TOU* PAQOU$ TE-KAI KARTERIA$. "OTI4 'OUN 'AGASTO$ KATA
<P 395B>
THN 'EPIMONHN "OUTO$ "O 'ANHR 'ENSHMAINEI0 TO 'ONOMA "O 'AGAMEMNWN.
'ISW$ DE-KAI "O 'ATREU$ 'ORQW$ 'ECEI0. "O TE-GAR
TOU* CRUSIPPOU 'AUTWI FONO$ KAI "A PRO$ TON QUESTHN
"W$ 'WMA DIEPRATTETO, PANTA TAUTA ZHMIWDH KAI 'ATHRA PRO$
'ARETHN. "H 'OUN TOU* 'ONOMATO$ 'EPWNUMIA SMIKRON PARAKLINEI0
KAI 'EPIKEKALUPTAI, "WSTE MH PASI DHLOUN0 THN FUSIN TOU*
'ANDRO$; TOI$ D' 'EPAIOUSI4 PERI= 'ONOMATWN "IKANW$ DHLOI0 "O=
BOULETAI "O 'ATREU$. KAI-GAR KATA TO 'ATEIRE$ KAI
<P 395C>
KATA TO 'ATRESTON KAI KATA TO 'ATHRON PANTACHI 'ORQW$
'AUTWI TO 'ONOMA KEITAI. DOKEI0 DE MOI KAI TW*I PELOPI
TO 'ONOMA 'EMMETRW$ KEISQAI; SHMAINEI0 GAR TOUTO TO
'ONOMA TON TA 'EGGU$ "ORWNTA 'AXION8 'EINAI8 TAUTH$8 TH$8
'EPWNUMIA$8.
ERM ^ PW*$ DH:
SW ^ "OION POU-KAI KAT' 'EKEINOU LEGETAI TOU* 'ANDRO$ 'EN
TW*I TOU* MURTILOU FONWI 'OUDEN "OIOU-TE-GENESQAI PRONOHQHNAI
'OUDE PROIDEIN TWN PORRW TWN 'EI$ TO PAN GENO$, "OSH$ 'AUTO
<P 395D>
DUSTUCIA$ 'ENEPIMPLH, TO 'EGGU$ MONON "ORWN KAI TO PARACRHMA %
TOUTO D' 'ESTI PELA$ % "HNIKA PROEQUMEITO LABEIN
PANTI TROPWI TON TH$ "IPPODAMEIA$ GAMON. TW*I DE TANTALWI
KAI PA$ 'AN4 "HGHSAITO 'TOUNOMA 'ORQW$ KAI KATA FUSIN TEQHNAI
'EI 'ALHQH TA PERI= 'AUTON LEGOMENA.
ERM ^ TA POI*A TAUTA:
SW ^ "A TE-POU 'ETI ZWNTI DUSTUCHMATA 'EGENETO POLLA
KAI DEINA, "WN KAI TELO$ "H PATRI$ 'AUTOU4 "OLH 'ANETRAPETO,
KAI TELEUTHSANTI 'EN "AIDOU "H "UPER TH$ KEFALH$ TOU* LIQOU
<P 395E>
TALANTEIA QAUMASTH "W$ SUMFWNO$ TW*I 'ONOMATI; KAI 'ATECNW$
'EOIKEN0, "WSPER 'AN4 'EI TI$ BOULOMENO$ TALANTATON 'ONOMASAI0
'APOKRUPTOMENO$ 'ONOMASEIE KAI 'EIPOI 'ANT' 'EKEINOU TANTALON,
TOIOUTON TI KAI TOUTWI TO 'ONOMA 'EOIKEN0 'EKPORISAI0 "H TUCH TH$
FHMH$. FAINETAI DE-KAI TW*I PATRI 'AUTOU4 LEGOMENWI TW*I DII


<P 396A>
PAGKALW$ TO 'ONOMA KEISQAI; 'ESTI DE 'OU "RA&DION KATANOHSAI0.
'ATECNW$ GAR 'ESTIN "OION LOGO$ TO TOU* DIO$ 'ONOMA, DIELONTE$
DE 'AUTO DICHI "OI MEN TW*I "ETERWI MEREI, "OI DE TW*I "ETERWI CRWMEQA0 %
"OI MEN-GAR ZHNA, "OI DE DI=A KALOUSIN0 % SUNTIQEMENA
D' 'EI$ "EN DHLOI0 THN FUSIN TOU* QEOU, "O= DH PROSHKEIN FAMEN
'ONOMATI "OIWI-TE-'EINAI 'APERGAZESQAI. 'OU-GAR 'ESTIN "HMIN KAI
TOI$ 'ALLOI$ PASIN "OSTI$ 'ESTIN 'AITIO$ MALLON TOU* ZHN 'H= "O
'ARCWN TE-KAI BASILEU$ TWN PANTWN. SUMBAINEI0 'OUN 'ORQW$
<P 396B>
'ONOMAZESQAI "OUTO$ "O QEO$ 'EINAI, DI' "ON ZHN 'AEI PASI TOI$
ZWSIN4 "UPARCEI0; DIEILHPTAI DE DICA, "WSPER LEGW0, "EN 'ON TO
'ONOMA, TW*I DII KAI TW*I ZHNI. TOUTON DE KRONOU "UON
"UBRISTIKON MEN 'AN4 TI$ DOXEIEN 'EINAI 'AKOUSANTI 'EXAIFNH$,
'EULOGON DE MEGALH$ TINO$ DIANOIA$ 'EKGONON 'EINAI TON DI=A;
KORON GAR SHMAINEI0 'OU PAIDA, 'ALLA= TO KAQARON 'AUTOU4 KAI
'AKHRATON TOU* NOU. 'ESTI DE "OUTO$ 'OURANOU "UO$, "W$ LOGO$;
"H DE 'AU 'E$ TO 'ANW 'OYI$ KALW$ 'ECEI0 TOUTO TO 'ONOMA KALEISQAI0,
<P 396C>
'OURANI=A, "ORWSA TA 'ANW, "OQEN DH-KAI FASIN0, 'W* "ERMOGENE$,
TON KAQARON NOUN PARAGIGNESQAI "OI METEWROLOGOI,
KAI TW*I 'OURANWI 'ORQW$ TO 'ONOMA KEISQAI; 'EI D' 'EMEMNHMHN THN
"HSIODOU GENEALOGIAN, TI=NA$ 'ETI TOU$ 'ANWTERW PROGONOU$
LEGEI0 TOUTWN, 'OUK 'AN4 'EPAUOMHN DIEXIWN "W$ 'ORQW$ 'AUTOI$ TA
'ONOMATA KEITAI, "EW$ 'APEPEIRAQHN TH$ SOFIA$ TAUTHSI TI=
POIHSEI2, 'EI 'A=RA 'APEREI2 'H= 'OU=, "H=4 'EMOI4 'EXAIFNH$ NU*N "OUTWSI
<P 396D>
PROSPEPTWKEN0 'ARTI 'OUK 'OID' "OPOQEN.
ERM ^ KAI-MEN-DH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ATECNW$ GE MOI DOKEI$
"WSPER "OI 'ENQOUSIWNTE$ 'EXAIFNH$ CRHSMWIDEIN.
SW ^ KAI 'AITIWMAI0 GE, 'W* "ERMOGENE$, MALISTA 'AUTHN 'APO
'EUQUFRONO$ TOU* PROSPALTIOU PROSPEPTWKENAI MOI; "EWQEN
GAR POLLA 'AUTWI SUNH KAI PAREICON TA 'WTA. KINDUNEUEI0 'OUN
'ENQOUSIWN 'OU MONON TA 'WTA MOU 'EMPLHSAI0 TH$ DAIMONIA$
SOFIA$, 'ALLA=-KAI TH$ YUCH$ 'EPEILHFQAI. DOKEI0 'OUN MOI
<P 396E>
CRHNAI0 "OUTWSI "HMA$ POIHSAI0; TO MEN THMERON 'EINAI CRHSASQAI
'AUTHI KAI TA LOIPA PERI= TWN 'ONOMATWN 'EPISKEYASQAI,
'AURION DE, 'AN2 KAI "UMIN SUNDOKHI5, 'APODIOPOMPHSOMEQA TE
'AUTHN KAI KAQAROUMEQA 'EXEURONTE$ "OSTI$ TA TOIAUTA DEINO$


<P 397A>
KAQAIREIN, 'EI=TE TWN "IEREWN TI$ 'EI=TE TWN SOFISTWN.
ERM ^ 'ALL' 'EGW MEN SUGCWRW0; PANU GAR 'AN4 "HDEW$ TA
'EPILOIPA PERI= TWN 'ONOMATWN 'AKOUSAIMI.
SW ^ 'ALLA= CRH "OUTW POIEIN. PO=QEN 'OUN BOULEI 'ARXWMEQA
DIASKOPOUNTE$, 'EPEIDHPER 'EI$ TUPON TINA 'EMBEBHKAMEN,
"INA 'EIDWMEN 'EI 'A=RA "HMIN 'EPIMARTURHSEI2 'AUTA TA 'ONOMATA MH
PANU 'APO TOU* 'AUTOMATOU "OUTW$ "EKASTA KEISQAI, 'ALL' 'ECEIN
<P 397B>
TINA 'ORQOTHTA: TA MEN-'OUN TWN "HRWWN KAI 'ANQRWPWN LEGOMENA
'ONOMATA 'ISW$ 'AN4 "HMA$ 'EXAPATHSEIEN; POLLA MEN-GAR
'AUTWN KEITAI KATA PROGONWN 'EPWNUMIA$, 'OUDEN PROSHKON0
'ENIOI$, "WSPER KAT' 'ARCA$ 'ELEGOMEN, POLLA DE "WSPER 'EUCOMENOI
TIQENTAI, "OION 'EUTUCIDHN KAI SWSIAN KAI
QEOFILON KAI 'A=LLA POLLA. TA MEN-'OUN TOIAUTA DOKEI0 MOI
CRHNAI0 'EA*N; 'EIKO$ DE MALISTA "HMA$ "EUREIN TA 'ORQW$ KEIMENA
PERI= TA 'AEI 'ONTA KAI PEFUKOTA. 'ESPOUDASQAI GAR 'ENTAUQA
<P 397C>
MALISTA PREPEI0 THN QESIN TWN 'ONOMATWN; 'ISW$ D' 'ENIA 'AUTWN
KAI "UPO QEIOTERA$ DUNAMEW$ 'H= TH$ TWN 'ANQRWPWN 'ETEQH.
ERM ^ DOKEI$ MOI KALW$ LEGEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OU DIKAION 'APO TWN QEWN 'ARCESQAI, SKOPOUMENOU$
PH*I POTE 'AUTO TOUTO TO 'ONOMA "OI QEOI 'ORQW$
'EKLHQHSAN:
ERM ^ 'EIKO$ GE.
SW ^ TOIONDE TOINUN 'EGWGE "UPOPTEUW0; FAINONTAI MOI "OI
PRWTOI TWN 'ANQRWPWN TWN PERI= THN "ELLADA TOUTOU$ MONOU$
<P 397D>
TOU$8 QEOU$8 "HGEISQAI "OUSPER NU*N POLLOI TWN BARBARWN,
"HLION KAI SELHNHN KAI GHN KAI 'ASTRA KAI 'OURANON; "ATE 'OUN
'AUTA "ORWNTE$ PANTA 'AEI 'IONTA DROMWI KAI QEONTA, 'APO TAUTH$
TH$ FUSEW$ TH$ TOU* QEIN QEOU$ 'AUTOU$ 'EPONOMASAI0; "USTERON
DE KATANOOUNTE$ TOU$ 'ALLOU$ PANTA$ 'HDH TOUTWI TW*I 'ONOMATI
PROSAGOREUEIN. 'EOIKE0 TI "O= LEGW0 TW*I 'ALHQEI 'H= 'OUDEN:
ERM ^ PANU MEN-'OUN 'EOIKEN0.
SW ^ TI= 'OUN 'AN4 META TOUTO SKOPOIMEN:
ERM ^ DHLON DH "OTI4 DAIMONA$8 TE8-KAI8 "HRWA$8 KAI8 'ANQRWPOU$8
<P 397E>
DAIMONA$.
SW ^ KAI "W$ 'ALHQW$, 'W* "ERMOGENE$, TI= 'AN4 POTE NOOI TO
'ONOMA "OI DAIMONE$: SKEYAI 'AN2 TI SOI4 DOXW4 'EIPEIN.
ERM ^ LEGE MONON.
SW ^ 'OISQA 'OUN TI=NA$ FHSIN "HSIODO$ 'EINAI TOU$
DAIMONA$:
ERM ^ 'OUK 'ENNOW0.
SW ^ 'OUDE "OTI4 CRUSOUN GENO$ TO PRWTON FHSIN GENESQAI
TWN 'ANQRWPWN:
ERM ^ 'OIDA TOUTO GE.
SW ^ LEGEI0 TOINUN PERI= 'AUTOU4 %
'AUTAR9 'EPEIDH9 TOUTO9 GENO$9 KATA9 MOIR'1 'EKALUYEN1,


<P 398A>
"OI1 MEN9 DAIMONE$9 "AGNOI1 "UPOCQONIOI1 KALEONTAI1,
'ESQLOI9, 'ALEXIKAKOI1, FULAKE$9 QNHTWN9 'ANQRWPWN9.
ERM ^ TI= 'OUN-DH:
SW ^ "OTI4 'OIMAI 'EGW LEGEIN 'AUTON TO CRUSOUN GENO$ 'OUK
'EK CRUSOU PEFUKO$ 'ALL' 'AGAQON TE-KAI KALON. TEKMHRION
DE MOI 'ESTIN "OTI4 KAI "HMA$ FHSIN SIDHROUN 'EINAI GENO$.
ERM ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TWN NU*N 'OIEI 'AN4 FANAI0 'AUTON 'EI TI$
<P 398B>
'AGAQO$ 'ESTIN 'EKEINOU TOU* CRUSOU GENOU$ 'EINAI:
ERM ^ 'EIKO$ GE.
SW ^ "OI D' 'AGAQOI 'ALLO TI 'H= FRONIMOI:
ERM ^ FRONIMOI.
SW ^ TOUTO TOINUN PANTO$ MALLON LEGEI0, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0,
TOU$ DAIMONA$; "OTI4 FRONIMOI KAI DAHMONE$ 'HSAN, DAIMONA$
'AUTOU$ 'WNOMASEN; KAI 'EN GE THI 'ARCAIA\ THI "HMETERA\ FWNHI
'AUTO SUMBAINEI0 TO 'ONOMA. LEGEI0 'OUN KALW$ KAI "OUTO$ KAI
'ALLOI POIHTAI POLLOI "OSOI LEGOUSIN0 "W$, 'EPEIDAN TI$ 'AGAQO$
'WN TELEUTHSHI6, MEGALHN MOIRAN KAI TIMHN 'ECEI0 KAI GIGNETAI
<P 398C>
DAIMWN KATA THN TH$ FRONHSEW$ 'EPWNUMIAN. TAUTHI 'OUN
TIQEMAI KAI 'EGW TON8 DAHMONA8 PANT' 'ANDRA "O$4 'AN4 'AGAQO$ 'HI,
DAIMONION 'EINAI KAI ZWNTA KAI TELEUTHSANTA, KAI 'ORQW$
DAIMONA KALEISQAI0.
ERM ^ KAI 'EGW MOI DOKW0, 'W* SWKRATE$, TOUTOU PANU SOI4
SUMYHFO$ 'EINAI. "O DE-DH "HRW$ TI= 'AN4 'EIH:
SW ^ TOUTO DE 'OU PANU CALEPON 'ENNOHSAI0. SMIKRON
GAR PARHKTAI 'AUTWN TO 'ONOMA, DHLOUN2 THN 'EK TOU* 'ERWTO$
GENESIN.
ERM ^ PW*$ LEGEI$:
SW ^ 'OUK 'OISQA "OTI4 "HMIQEOI "OI "HRWE$:
ERM ^ TI= 'OUN:
<P 398D>
SW ^ PANTE$ DHPOU GEGONASIN 'ERASQENTO$ 'H= QEOU QNHTH$
'H= QNHTOU QEA$. 'EA=N 'OUN SKOPHI$ KAI TOUTO KATA THN 'ATTIKHN
THN PALAIAN FWNHN, MALLON 'EISHI2; DHLWSEI2 GAR SOI4 "OTI4
PARA TO TOU* 'ERWTO$ 'ONOMA, "OQEN GEGONASIN "OI "HRWE$, SMIKRON
PARHGMENON 'ESTIN 'ONOMATO$88 CARIN. KAI 'HTOI TOUTO LEGEI0
TOU$ "HRWA$, 'H= "OTI4 SOFOI 'HSAN KAI "RHTORE$ KAI8 DEINOI KAI
DIALEKTIKOI, 'ERWTAN "IKANOI 'ONTE$; TO GAR 'EIREIN LEGEIN
'ESTIN. "OPER 'OUN 'ARTI LEGOMEN, 'EN THI 'ATTIKHI FWNHI LEGOMENOI
<P 398E>
"OI "HRWE$ "RHTORE$ TINE$ KAI 'ERWTHTIKOI SUMBAINOUSIN0,
"WSTE "RHTORWN KAI SOFISTWN GENO$ GIGNETAI TO "HRWIKON
FULON. 'ALLA= 'OU TOUTO CALEPON 'ESTIN 'ENNOHSAI0, 'ALLA=
MALLON TO TWN 'ANQRWPWN, DIA= TI= POTE 'ANQRWPOI KALOUNTAI0;
'H=7 SU 'ECEI$ 'EIPEIN:
ERM ^ PO=QEN, 'WGAQE, 'ECW30: 'OUD' 'EI TI "OIO$-T'-'AN4-'EIHN
"EUREIN, 'OU SUNTEINW0 DIA= TO "HGEISQAI SE MALLON "EURHSEIN 'H=
'EMAUTON.


<P 399A>
SW ^ THI TOU* 'EUQUFRONO$ 'EPIPNOIA\ PISTEUEI$, "W$ 'EOIKA$.
ERM ^ DHLA DH.
SW ^ 'ORQW$ GE SU PISTEUWN; "W$ KAI NU*N GE MOI
FAINOMAI KOMYW$ 'ENNENOHKENAI, KAI KINDUNEUSW2, 'EA=N MH
'EULABWMAI, 'ETI THMERON SOFWTERO$ TOU* DEONTO$ GENESQAI.
SKOPEI5 DH "O= LEGW0. PRWTON MEN-GAR TO TOIONDE DEI 'ENNOHSAI0
PERI= 'ONOMATWN, "OTI4 POLLAKI$ 'EPEMBALLOMEN GRAMMATA, TA
D' 'EXAIROUMEN, PAR' "O= BOULOMEQA 'ONOMAZONTE$, KAI TA$
'OXUTHTA$ METABALLOMEN. "OION DII FILO$ % TOUTO "INA
<P 399B>
'ANTI "RHMATO$ 'ONOMA "HMIN GENHTAI, TO TE "ETERON 'AUTOQEN 'IWTA
'EXEILOMEN KAI 'ANTI 'OXEIA$ TH$ MESH$ SULLABH$ BAREIAN
'EFQEGXAMEQA. 'ALLWN DE 'TOUNANTION 'EMBALLOMEN GRAMMATA,
TA DE BARU=TERA 'OXU=TERA7 FQEGGOMEQA.
ERM ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW ^ TOUTWN TOINUN "EN KAI TO TWN 'ANQRWPWN 'ONOMA
PEPONQEN0, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0. 'EK GAR "RHMATO$ 'ONOMA GEGONEN0,
"ENO$ GRAMMATO$ TOU* 'ALFA 'EXAIREQENTO$ KAI BARUTERA$ TH$
TELEUTH$ GENOMENH$.
ERM ^ PW*$ LEGEI$:
<P 399C>
SW ^ "WDE. SHMAINEI0 TOUTO TO 'ONOMA "O 'ANQRWPO$ "OTI4
TA MEN 'A=LLA QHRIA "WN "ORA*I0 'OUDEN 'EPISKOPEI0 'OUDE 'ANALOGIZETAI
'OUDE 'ANAQREI0, "O DE 'ANQRWPO$ "AMA "EWRAKEN0 % TOUTO D' 'ESTI
TO8 'OPWPE0 KAI 'ANAQREI0 KAI LOGIZETAI TOUTO "O= 'OPWPEN0.
'ENTEUQEN DH MONON TWN QHRIWN 'ORQW$ "O 'ANQRWPO$ 'ANQRWPO$
'WNOMASQH, 'ANAQRWN "A 'OPWPE0.
ERM ^ TI= 'OUN TO META TOUTO: 'ERWMAI SE "O= "HDEW$ 'AN4
PUQOIMHN:
SW ^ PANU GE.
<P 399D>
ERM ^ "WSPER TOINUN MOI DOKEI0 TOUTOI$ "EXH$ 'EINAI TI
CRHMA. YUCHN GAR-POU-KAI SWMA KALOUMEN0 TOU*
'ANQRWPOU.
SW ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
ERM ^ PEIRWMEQA2 DH-KAI TAUTA DIELEIN "WSPER TA
'EMPROSQEN.
SW ^ YUCHN LEGEI$ 'EPISKEYASQAI "W$ 'EIKOTW$ TOUTOU TOU*
'ONOMATO$ TUGCANEI0, 'EPEIT' 'AU TO SWMA:
ERM ^ NAI.
SW ^ "W$ MEN-TOINUN 'EK TOU* PARACRHMA LEGEIN, 'OIMAI TI
TOIOUTON NOEIN TOU$ THN YUCHN 'ONOMASANTA$, "W$ TOUTO 'A=RA,
"OTAN PARHI TW*I SWMATI, 'AITION 'ESTI TOU* ZHN 'AUTWI, THN TOU*
<P 399E>
'ANAPNEIN DUNAMIN PARECON KAI 'ANAYUCON, "AMA DE 'EKLEIPONTO$
TOU* 'ANAYUCONTO$ TO SWMA 'APOLLUTAI TE-KAI TELEUTA*I0;
"OQEN DH MOI DOKOUSIN0 'AUTO YUCHN KALESAI0. 'EI DE BOULEI %
'ECE 'HREMA; DOKW0 GAR MOI TI KAQORAN PIQANWTERON TOUTOU


<P 400A>
TOI$ 'AMFI 'EUQUFRONA. TOUTOU MEN-GAR, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0,
KATAFRONHSAIEN 'AN4 KAI "HGHSAINTO FORTIKON 'EINAI; TODE DE
SKOPEI5 'EA=N 'A=RA-KAI SOI4 'ARESHI6.
ERM ^ LEGE MONON.
SW ^ THN FUSIN PANTO$ TOU* SWMATO$, "WSTE KAI ZHN KAI
PERIIENAI, TI= SOI4 DOKEI0 'ECEIN TE-KAI 'OCEIN 'ALLO 'H= YUCH:
ERM ^ 'OUDEN 'ALLO.
SW ^ TI= DE: KAI THN TWN 'ALLWN "APANTWN FUSIN 'OU
PISTEUEI$ 'ANAXAGORA\ NOUN KAI YUCHN 'EINAI THN DIAKOSMOUSAN
KAI 'ECOUSAN:
ERM ^ 'EGWGE.
<P 400B>
SW ^ KALW$ 'A=RA 'AN4 TO 'ONOMA TOUTO 'ECOI THI DUNAMEI
TAUTHI "H=4 FUSIN 'OCEI0 KAI 'ECEI0 FUSECHN 'EPONOMAZEIN.
'EXESTI DE-KAI YUCHN KOMYEUOMENON LEGEIN.
ERM ^ PANU MEN-'OUN, KAI DOKEI0 GE MOI TOUTO 'EKEINOU
TECNIKWTERON 'EINAI.
SW ^ KAI-GAR 'ESTIN; GELOION MENTOI FAINETAI "W$ 'ALHQW$
'ONOMAZOMENON "W$ 'ETEQH.
ERM ^ 'ALLA=-DH TO META TOUTO PW*$ FWMEN 'ECEIN:
SW ^ TO SWMA LEGEI$:
ERM ^ NAI.
SW ^ POLLACHI MOI DOKEI0 TOUTO GE; 'AN2 MEN-KAI SMIKRON
<P 400C>
TI$ PARAKLINHI64, KAI PANU. KAI-GAR SHMA TINE$ FASIN0 'AUTO
'EINAI TH$ YUCH$, "W$ TEQAMMENH$ 'EN TW*I NU*N PARONTI; KAI
DIOTI 'AU TOUTWI SHMAINEI0 "A 'AN4 SHMAINHI5 "H YUCH, KAI TAUTHI
SHMA 'ORQW$ KALEISQAI0. DOKOUSI0 MENTOI MOI MALISTA
QESQAI "OI 'AMFI 'ORFEA TOUTO TO 'ONOMA, "W$ DIKHN DIDOUSH$
TH$ YUCH$ "WN DH "ENEKA DIDWSIN, TOUTON DE PERIBOLON 'ECEIN,
"INA SWIZHTAI, DESMWTHRIOU 'EIKONA; 'EINAI 'OUN TH$ YUCH$
TOUTO, "WSPER 'AUTO 'ONOMAZETAI, "EW$ 'AN4 'EKTEISHI6 TA 'OFEILOMENA,
TO8 SWMA, KAI 'OUDEN DEIN PARAGEIN 'OUD' "EN GRAMMA.
<P 400D>
ERM ^ TAUTA MEN MOI DOKEI0 "IKANW$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EIRHSQAI;
PERI= DE TWN QEWN TWN 'ONOMATWN, "OION KAI PERI= TOU* DIO$
NUNDH 'ELEGE$, 'ECOIMEN 'AN4 POU KATA TON 'AUTON TROPON
'EPISKEYASQAI KATA TI=NA POTE 'ORQOTHTA 'AUTWN TA 'ONOMATA
KEITAI:
SW ^ NAI MA DI=A "HMEI$ GE, 'W* "ERMOGENE$, 'EIPER GE NOUN
'ECOIMEN, "ENA MEN TON KALLISTON TROPON, "OTI4 PERI= QEWN 'OUDEN
'ISMEN, 'OUTE PERI= 'AUTWN 'OUTE PERI= TWN 'ONOMATWN, "ATTA POTE
"EAUTOU$ KALOUSIN0; DHLON GAR "OTI4 'EKEINOI GE 'TALHQH KALOUSI0.
<P 400E>
DEUTERO$ D' 'AU TROPO$ 'ORQOTHTO$, "WSPER 'EN TAI$ 'EUCAI$
NOMO$ 'ESTIN "HMIN 'EUCESQAI, "OITINE$ TE-KAI "OPOQEN CAIROUSIN0
'ONOMAZOMENOI, TAUTA KAI "HMA$-'AUTOU$ KALEIN0, "W$ 'ALLO MHDEN


<P 401A>
'EIDOTA$; KALW$ GAR-DH 'EMOIGE DOKEI0 NENOMISQAI. 'EI 'OUN
BOULEI, SKOPWMEN "WSPER PROEIPONTE$ TOI$ QEOI$ "OTI4 PERI=
'AUTWN 'OUDEN "HMEI$ SKEYOMEQA % 'OU-GAR 'AXIOUMEN "OIOI-T' 'AN4
'EINAI SKOPEIN % 'ALLA= PERI= TWN 'ANQRWPWN, "HN POTE TINA DOXAN
'ECONTE$ 'ETIQENTO 'AUTOI$ TA 'ONOMATA; TOUTO GAR 'ANEMESHTON.
ERM ^ 'ALLA= MOI DOKEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$, METRIW$ LEGEIN,
KAI "OUTW POIWMEN.
<P 401B>
SW ^ 'ALLO TI 'OUN 'AF' "ESTIA$ 'ARCWMEQA KATA TON NOMON:
ERM ^ DIKAION GOUN.
SW ^ TI= 'OUN 'AN4 TI$ FAIH DIANOOUMENON TON 'ONOMASANTA
"ESTIAN 'ONOMASAI0:
ERM ^ 'OU MA TON DI=A 'OUDE TOUTO 'OIMAI "RA&DION 'EINAI.
SW ^ KINDUNEUOUSI0 GOUN, 'WGAQE "ERMOGENE$, "OI PRWTOI TA
'ONOMATA TIQEMENOI 'OU FAULOI 'EINAI 'ALLA= METEWROLOGOI KAI
'ADOLESCAI TINE$.
ERM ^ TI= DH:
SW ^ KATAFAINETAI MOI "H QESI$ TWN 'ONOMATWN TOIOUTWN
<P 401C>
TINWN 'ANQRWPWN, KAI 'EA=N TI$ TA XENIKA 'ONOMATA 'ANASKOPHI5,
'OUC "HTTON 'ANEURISKETAI "O= "EKASTON BOULETAI. "OION KAI 'EN
TOUTWI "O= "HMEI$ 'OUSIAN KALOUMEN0, 'EISIN "OI=4 'ESSIAN
KALOUSIN0, "OI=4 D' 'AU 'WSIAN. PRWTON MEN-'OUN KATA TO
"ETERON 'ONOMA TOUTWN "H TWN PRAGMATWN 'OUSIA "ESTIA
KALEISQAI0 'ECEI0 LOGON, KAI "OTI4 GE 'AU "HMEI$ TO TH$ 'OUSIA$
METECON 'ESTIN FAMEN, KAI KATA TOUTO 'ORQW$ 'AN4 KALOITO0
"ESTIA; 'EOIKAMEN GAR-KAI "HMEI$ TO PALAION 'ESSIAN
KALEIN0 THN 'OUSIAN. 'ETI DE-KAI KATA TA$ QUSIA$ 'AN4 TI$
<P 401D>
'ENNOHSA$ "HGHSAITO "OUTW NOEIN TAUTA TOU$ TIQEMENOU$; TO
GAR PRO PANTWN QEWN THI "ESTIA\ PRWTHI PROQUEIN 'EIKO$ 'EKEINOU$
"OITINE$ THN PANTWN 'OUSIAN 'ESSIAN 'EPWNOMASAN.
"OSOI D' 'AU 'WSIAN, SCEDON TI 'AU "OUTOI KAQ' "HRAKLEITON
'AN4 "HGOINTO TA 'ONTA 'IENAI TE PANTA KAI MENEIN0 'OUDEN; TO
'OUN 'AITION KAI TO 'ARCHGON 'AUTWN 'EINAI TO 'WQOUN, "OQEN
DH KALW$ 'ECEIN 'AUTO 'WSIAN 'WNOMASQAI. KAI TAUTA
<P 401E>
MEN-DH TAUTHI "W$ PARA MHDEN 'EIDOTWN 'EIRHSQW; META D'
"ESTIAN DIKAION "REAN KAI KRONON 'EPISKEYASQAI. KAITOI
TO GE TOU* KRONOU 'ONOMA 'HDH DIHLQOMEN. 'ISW$ MENTOI
'OUDEN LEGW0.
ERM ^ TI= DH, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW ^ 'WGAQE, 'ENNENOHKA TI SMHNO$ SOFIA$.
ERM ^ POI*ON DH TOUTO


<P 402A>
SW ^ GELOION MEN PANU 'EIPEIN, 'OIMAI MENTOI TINA PIQANOTHTA
'ECON.
ERM ^ TI=NA TAUTHN:
SW ^ TON "HRAKLEITON MOI DOKW0 KAQORAN PALAI' 'ATTA
SOFA LEGONTA, 'ATECNW$ TA 'EPI KRONOU KAI "REA$, "A KAI
"OMHRO$ 'ELEGEN.
ERM ^ PW*$ TOUTO LEGEI$:
SW ^ LEGEI0 POU "HRAKLEITO$ "OTI4 PANTA CWREI0 KAI 'OUDEN
MENEI0, KAI POTAMOU "ROHI 'APEIKAZWN TA 'ONTA LEGEI0 "W$ DI$1
'E$1 TON1 'AUTON1 POTAMON1 'OUK1 'AN41 'EMBAIH$1.
ERM ^ 'ESTI TAUTA.
<P 402B>
SW ^ TI= 'OUN: DOKEI0 SOI4 'ALLOIOTERON "HRAKLEITOU NOEIN "O
TIQEMENO$ TOI$ TWN 'ALLWN QEWN PROGONOI$ "REAN TE-KAI
KRONON: 'A*RA 'OIEI 'APO TOU* 'AUTOMATOU 'AUTON 'AMFOTEROI$
"REUMATWN 'ONOMATA QESQAI: "WSPER 'AU "OMHRO$ 'WKEANON9 TE9
QEWN9 GENESIN9 FHSIN KAI9 MHTERA9 THQUN9; 'OIMAI DE-KAI
"HSIODO$. LEGEI0 DE-POU-KAI 'ORFEU$ "OTI4
'WKEANO$9 PRWTO$9 KALLIRROO$9 'HRXE9 GAMOIO9,
<P 402C>
"O$94 "RA9 KASIGNHTHN9 "OMOMHTORA9 THQUN9 'OPUIEN9.
TAUT' 'OUN SKOPEI5 "OTI4 KAI 'ALLHLOI$ SUMFWNEI0 KAI PRO$ TA TOU*
"HRAKLEITOU PANTA TEINEI0.
ERM ^ FAINHI0 TI MOI LEGEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$; TO MENTOI TH$
THQUO$ 'OUK 'ENNOW0 'ONOMA TI= BOULETAI.
SW ^ 'ALLA=-MHN TOUTO GE 'OLIGOU 'AUTO LEGEI0 "OTI4 PHGH$
'ONOMA 'EPIKEKRUMMENON 'ESTIN. TO GAR DIATTWMENON KAI
<P 402D>
TO 'HQOUMENON PHGH$ 'APEIKASMA 'ESTIN; 'EK DE TOUTWN 'AMFOTERWN
TWN 'ONOMATWN "H THQU$ TO 'ONOMA SUGKEITAI.
ERM ^ TOUTO MEN, 'W* SWKRATE$, KOMYON.
SW ^ TI= D' 'OU MELLEI0: 'ALLA= TI= TO META TOUTO: TON MEN
DI=A 'EIPOMEN.
ERM ^ NAI.
SW ^ TOU$ 'ADELFOU$ DH 'AUTOU4 LEGWMEN, TON TE POSEIDW
KAI TON PLOUTWNA KAI TO "ETERON 'ONOMA "O= 'ONOMAZOUSIN0
'AUTON.
ERM ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ TO MEN-TOINUN TOU* POSEIDWNO$ MOI FAINETAI 'WNOMASQAI
<P 402E>
TOU*8 PRWTOU8 'ONOMASANTO$8, "OTI4 'AUTON BADIZONTA
'EPESCEN "H TH$ QALATTH$ FUSI$ KAI 'OUKETI 'EIASEN PROELQEIN,
'ALL' "WSPER DESMO$ TWN PODWN 'AUTWI 'EGENETO. TON 'OUN
'ARCONTA TH$ DUNAMEW$ TAUTH$ QEON 'WNOMASEN POSEIDWNA,
"W$ POSIDESMON 'ONTA; TO DE E 'EGKEITAI 'ISW$ 'EUPREPEIA$
"ENEKA. TACA DE 'OUK 'AN4 TOUTO LEGOI, 'ALL' 'ANTI TOU* SIGMA


<P 403A>
DUO LABDA TO PRWTON 'ELEGETO, "W$ POLLA 'EIDOTO$ TOU*
QEOU. 'ISW$ DE 'APO TOU* SEIEIN "O SEIWN 'WNOMASTAI;
PROSKEITAI DE TO PEI KAI TO DELTA. TO DE PLOUTWNO$,
TOUTO MEN KATA THN TOU* PLOUTOU DOSIN, "OTI4 'EK TH$ GH$
KATWQEN 'ANIETAI "O PLOUTO$, 'EPWNOMASQH; "O DE "AIDH$, "OI
POLLOI MEN MOI DOKOUSIN0 "UPOLAMBANEIN TO 'AIDE$ PROSEIRHSQAI
TW*I 'ONOMATI TOUTWI, KAI FOBOUMENOI TO 'ONOMA PLOUTWNA
KALOUSIN0 'AUTON.
<P 403B>
ERM ^ SOI4 DE PW*$ FAINETAI, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW ^ POLLACHI 'EMOIGE DOKOUSIN0 "ANQRWPOI DIHMARTHKENAI
PERI= TOUTOU TOU* QEOU TH$ DUNAMEW$ KAI FOBEISQAI 'AUTON 'OUK
'AXION 'ON7. "OTI4 TE-GAR, 'EPEIDAN "APAX TI$ "HMWN 'APOQANHI6,
'AEI 'EKEI 'ESTIN, FOBOUNTAI, KAI "OTI4 "H YUCH GUMNH TOU*
SWMATO$ PAR' 'EKEINON 'APERCETAI, KAI TOUTO PEFOBHNTAI;
TA D' 'EMOI4 DOKEI0 PANTA 'E$ 'TAUTON TI SUNTEINEIN, KAI "H 'ARCH
TOU* QEOU KAI TO 'ONOMA.
ERM ^ PW*$ DH:
<P 403C>
SW ^ 'EGW SOI4 'ERW2 "A GE MOI FAINETAI. 'EIPE= GAR
MOI, DESMO$ ZWIWI "OTWIOUN "WSTE MENEIN0 "OPOUOUN, POTERO$
'ISCUROTERO$ 'ESTIN, 'ANAGKH 'H= 'EPIQUMIA:
ERM ^ POLU DIAFEREI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, "H 'EPIQUMIA.
SW ^ 'OIEI 'OUN TON "AIDHN 'OUK 'AN4 POLLOU$ 'EKFEUGEIN, 'EI
MH TW*I 'ISCUROTATWI DESMWI 'EDEI TOU$ 'EKEISE 'IONTA$:
ERM ^ DHLA DH.
SW ^ 'EPIQUMIA\ 'A=RA TINI 'AUTOU$, "W$ 'EOIKE0, DEI0, 'EIPER TW*I
MEGISTWI DESMWI DEI0, KAI 'OUK 'ANAGKHI.
ERM ^ FAINETAI.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EPIQUMIAI 'AU POLLAI 'EISIN:
ERM ^ NAI.
<P 403D>
SW ^ THI MEGISTHI 'A=RA 'EPIQUMIA\ TWN 'EPIQUMIWN DEI0 'AUTOU$,
'EIPER MELLEI0 TW*I MEGISTWI DESMWI KATECEIN.
ERM ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'ESTIN 'OUN TI$ MEIZWN 'EPIQUMIA 'H= "OTAN TI$ TWI SUNWN
'OIHTAI DI' 'EKEINON 'ESESQAI 'AMEINWN 'ANHR:
ERM ^ MA DI=' 'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ DIA= TAUTA 'A=RA FWMEN, 'W* "ERMOGENE$, 'OUDENA DEURO
'EQELHSAI0 'APELQEIN TWN 'EKEIQEN, 'OUDE 'AUTA$ TA$ SEIRHNA$,
<P 403E>
'ALLA= KATAKEKHLHSQAI 'EKEINA$ TE-KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ PANTA$;
"OUTW KALOU$ TINA$, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'EPISTATAI LOGOU$ LEGEIN
"O "AIDH$, KAI 'ESTIN, "W$ G' 'EK TOU* LOGOU TOUTOU, "O QEO$
"OUTO$8 TELEO$ SOFISTH$ TE-KAI MEGA$ 'EUERGETH$ TWN PAR'
'AUTWI, "O$4 GE-KAI TOI$ 'ENQADE TOSAUTA 'AGAQA 'ANIHSIN; "OUTW
POLLA 'AUTWI TA PERIONTA 'EKEI 'ESTIN, KAI TON PLOUTWNA
'APO TOUTOU 'ESCE TO 'ONOMA. KAI TO 'AU MH 'EQELEIN SUNEINAI
TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ 'ECOUSI4 TA SWMATA, 'ALLA= TO=TE SUGGIGNESQAI,


<P 404A>
'EPEIDAN "H YUCH KAQARA 'HI PANTWN TWN PERI= TO SWMA KAKWN
KAI 'EPIQUMIWN, 'OU FILOSOFOU DOKEI0 SOI4 'EINAI KAI 'EU 'ENTEQUMHMENOU
"OTI4 "OUTW MEN 'AN4 KATECOI 'AUTOU$ DHSA$ THI PERI= 'ARETHN
'EPIQUMIA\, 'ECONTA$ DE THN TOU* SWMATO$ PTOIHSIN KAI MANIAN
'OUD' 'AN4 "O KRONO$ DUNAITO "O PATHR SUGKATECEIN "AUTWI 'EN TOI$
DESMOI$ DHSA$ TOI$ 'AUTOU4 LEGOMENOI$:
ERM ^ KINDUNEUEI$ TI LEGEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$.
<P 404B>
SW ^ KAI TO GE 'ONOMA "O "AIDH$, 'W* "ERMOGENE$, POLLOU
DEI 'APO TOU* 'AIDOU$ 'EPWNOMASQAI, 'ALLA= POLU MALLON 'APO
TOU* PANTA TA KALA 'EIDENAI, 'APO TOUTOU "UPO TOU* NOMOQETOU
"AIDH$ 'EKLHQH.
ERM ^ 'EIEN; TI= DE DHMHTRA TE-KAI "HRAN KAI 'APOLLW
KAI 'AQHNAN KAI "HFAISTON KAI 'ARH KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ QEOU$,
PW*$ LEGOMEN:
SW ^ DHMHTHR MEN FAINETAI KATA THN DOSIN TH$ 'EDWDH$
DIDOUSA "W$ MHTHR DHMHTHR KEKLHSQAI, "HRA DE 'ERATH
<P 404C>
TI$, "WSPER 'OUN-KAI LEGETAI "O ZEU$ 'AUTH$ 'ERASQEI$ 'ECEIN.
'ISW$ DE METEWROLOGWN "O NOMOQETH$ TON 'AERA "HRAN
'WNOMASEN 'EPIKRUPTOMENO$, QEI$ THN 'ARCHN 'EPI TELEUTHN;
GNOIH$ D' 'AN4, 'EI POLLAKI$ LEGOI$ TO TH$ "HRA$ 'ONOMA.
FERREFATTA DE; POLLOI MEN-KAI TOUTO FOBOUNTAI TO
'ONOMA KAI TON 'APOLLW, "UPO 'APEIRIA$, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'ONOMATWN
'ORQOTHTO$. KAI-GAR METABALLONTE$ SKOPOUNTAI THN
FERSEFONHN, KAI DEINON 'AUTOI$ FAINETAI; TO DE MHNUEI0
<P 404D>
SOFHN 'EINAI THN QEON. "ATE GAR FEROMENWN TWN PRAGMATWN
TO 'EFAPTOMENON KAI 'EPAFWN KAI DUNAMENON 'EPAKOLOUQEIN
SOFIA 'AN4 'EIH. FEREPAFA 'OUN DIA= THN SOFIAN KAI THN
'EPAFHN TOU* FEROMENOU "H QEO$ 'AN4 'ORQW$ KALOITO0, 'H=
TOIOUTON TI % DI' "OPER KAI SUNESTIN 'AUTHI "O "AIDH$ SOFO$
'WN, DIOTI TOIAUTH 'ESTIN % NU*N DE 'AUTH$ 'EKKLINOUSI0 TO 'ONOMA
'EUSTOMIAN PERI= PLEIONO$ POIOUMENOI TH$ 'ALHQEIA$, "WSTE
FERREFATTAN 'AUTHN KALEIN0. 'TAUTON DE-KAI PERI= TON
<P 404E>
'APOLLW, "OPER LEGW0, POLLOI PEFOBHNTAI PERI= TO 'ONOMA TOU*
QEOU, "W$ TI DEINON MHNUONTO$; 'H= 'OUK 'HISQHSAI:
ERM ^ PANU MEN-'OUN, KAI 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW ^ TO DE-G' 'ESTIN, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0, KALLISTA KEIMENON
PRO$ THN DUNAMIN TOU* QEOU.
ERM ^ PW*$ DH:
SW ^ 'EGW PEIRASOMAI FRASAI0 "O= GE MOI FAINETAI; 'OU-GAR


<P 405A>
'ESTIN "OTI2 'AN4 MALLON 'ONOMA "HRMOSEN "EN 'ON TETTARSI DUNAMESI
TAI$ TOU* QEOU, "WSTE PASWN 'EFAPTESQAI KAI DHLOUN0 TROPON
TINA MOUSIKHN TE-KAI MANTIKHN KAI 'IATRIKHN KAI TOXIKHN.
ERM ^ LEGE DH; 'ATOPON GAR TI MOI LEGEI$ TO 'ONOMA
'EINAI.
SW ^ 'EUARMOSTON MEN-'OUN, "ATE MOUSIKOU 'ONTO$ TOU* QEOU.
PRWTON MEN-GAR "H KAQARSI$ KAI "OI KAQARMOI KAI KATA THN
'IATRIKHN KAI KATA THN MANTIKHN KAI "AI TOI$ 'IATRIKOI$
<P 405B>
FARMAKOI$ KAI "AI TOI$ MANTIKOI$ PERIQEIWSEI$ TE-KAI TA
LOUTRA TA 'EN TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ KAI "AI PERIRRANSEI$, PANTA "EN
TI TAUTA DUNAIT' 'AN4, KAQARON PARECEIN TON 'ANQRWPON KAI
KATA TO SWMA KAI KATA THN YUCHN; 'H= 'OU=:
ERM ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N "O KAQAIRWN QEO$ KAI "O 'APOLOUWN TE-KAI
'APOLUWN TWN TOIOUTWN KAKWN "OUTO$ 'AN4 'EIH:
ERM ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ KATA MEN-TOINUN TA$ 'APOLUSEI$ TE-KAI 'APOLOUSEI$,
<P 405C>
"W$ 'IATRO$ 'WN TWN TOIOUTWN, 'APOLOUWN 'AN4 'ORQW$ KALOITO0;
KATA DE THN MANTIKHN KAI TO 'ALHQE$ TE-KAI TO "APLOUN %
'TAUTON GAR 'ESTIN % "WSPER 'OUN "OI QETTALOI KALOUSIN0 'AUTON,
'ORQOTAT' 'AN4 KALOITO0; 'APLOUN GAR FASI0 PANTE$ QETTALOI
TOUTON TON QEON. DIA= DE TO 'AEI BOLWN 'EGKRATH$ 'EINAI TOXIKHI
'AEIBALLWN 'ESTIN. KATA DE THN MOUSIKHN DEI "UPOLABEIN
"WSPER8 TON8 'AKOLOUQON8 TE8-KAI8 THN8 'AKOITIN8 "OTI4 TO 'ALFA SHMAINEI0
POLLACOU TO "OMOU, KAI 'ENTAUQA THN "OMOU POLHSIN KAI
PERI= TON 'OURANON, "OU$ DH POLOU$ KALOUSIN0, KAI THN8 PERI=
<P 405D>
THN 'EN THI 'WIDHI "ARMONIAN, "H=4 DH SUMFWNIA KALEITAI0, "OTI4 TAUTA
PANTA, "W$ FASIN0 "OI KOMYOI PERI= MOUSIKHN KAI 'ASTRONOMIAN,
"ARMONIA\ TINI POLEI0 "AMA PANTA; 'EPISTATEI0 DE "OUTO$ "O QEO$
THI "ARMONIA\ "OMOPOLWN 'AUTA PANTA KAI KATA QEOU$ KAI KAT'
'ANQRWPOU$; "WSPER 'OUN TON "OMOKELEUQON KAI "OMOKOITIN
'AKOLOUQON KAI 'AKOITIN 'EKALESAMEN, METABALONTE$
'ANTI TOU* "OMO- 'A- "OUTW KAI 'APOLLWNA 'EKALESAMEN
<P 405E>
"O$4 'H*N "OMOPOLWN, "ETERON LABDA 'EMBALONTE$, "OTI4 "OMWNUMON
'EGIGNETO TW*I CALEPWI 'ONOMATI. "OPER KAI NU*N "UPOPTEUONTE$
TINE$ DIA= TO MH 'ORQW$ SKOPEISQAI THN DUNAMIN
TOU* 'ONOMATO$ FOBOUNTAI 'AUTO "W$ SHMAINON FQORAN TINA; TO


<P 406A>
DE POLU8, "WSPER 'ARTI 'ELEGETO, PASWN 'EFAPTOMENON KEITAI
TWN TOU* QEOU DUNAMEWN, "APLOU, 'AEI BALLONTO$, 'APOLOUONTO$,
"OMOPOLOUNTO$. TA$ DE MOUSA$ TE-KAI
"OLW$ THN MOUSIKHN 'APO TOU* MWSQAI, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, KAI TH$
ZHTHSEW$ TE-KAI FILOSOFIA$ TO 'ONOMA TOUTO 'EPWNOMASEN.
LHTW DE 'APO TH$ PRA\OTHTO$ TH$ QEOU, KATA TO 'EQELHMONA
'EINAI "WN 'AN4 TI$ DEHTAI. 'ISW$ DE "W$ "OI XENOI KALOUSIN0 %
POLLOI GAR LHQW KALOUSIN0 % 'EOIKEN0 'OUN PRO$ TO MH
TRACU TOU* 'HQOU$ 'ALL' "HMERON TE-KAI LEION LHQW
<P 406B>
KEKLHSQAI "UPO TWN TOUTO KALOUNTWN0. 'ARTEMI$ DE DIA=7
TO 'ARTEME$ FAINETAI KAI TO KOSMION, DIA= THN TH$ PARQENIA$
'EPIQUMIAN; 'ISW$ DE 'ARETH$ "ISTORA THN QEON 'EKALESEN "O
KALESA$, TACA D' 'AN4 KAI "W$ TON 'AROTON MISHSASH$ TON
'ANDRO$ 'EN GUNAIKI; 'H= DIA= TOUTWN TI 'H= DIA= PANTA TAUTA TO
'ONOMA TOUTO "O TIQEMENO$ 'EQETO THI QEWI.
ERM ^ TI= DE "O DIONUSO$ TE-KAI "H 'AFRODITH:
SW ^ MEGALA, 'W* PAI "IPPONIKOU, 'ERWTA*I$0. 'ALLA= 'ESTI
GAR-KAI SPOUDAIW$ 'EIRHMENO$ "O TROPO$ TWN 'ONOMATWN TOUTOI$
<P 406C>
TOI$ QEOI$ KAI PAIDIKW$. TON MEN-'OUN SPOUDAION 'ALLOU$
TINA$ 'ERWTA, TON DE PAIDIKON 'OUDEN KWLUEI0 DIELQEIN; FILOPAISMONE$
GAR-KAI "OI QEOI. "O TE-GAR DIONUSO$ 'EIH 'AN4
"O DIDOU$ TON 'OINON DIDOINUSO$ 'EN PAIDIA*I KALOUMENO$0,
'OINO$ D', "OTI4 'OIESQAI NOUN 'ECEIN POIEI0 TWN PINONTWN0 TOU$
POLLOU$ 'OUK 'ECONTA$, 'OIONOU$ DIKAIOTAT' 'AN4 KALOUMENO$0.
PERI= DE 'AFRODITH$ 'OUK 'AXION "HSIODWI 'ANTILEGEIN, 'ALLA=
<P 406D>
SUGCWREIN "OTI4 DIA= THN 'EK7 TOU* 'AFROU GENESIN 'AFRODITH
'EKLHQH.
ERM ^ 'ALLA=-MHN-'OUD' 'AQHNA$ 'AQHNAIO$ G' 'WN, 'W* SWKRATE$,
'EPILHSHI2, 'OUD' "HFAISTOU TE KAI 'AREW$.
SW ^ 'OUDE 'EIKO$ GE.
ERM ^ 'OU-GAR.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N TO MEN "ETERON 'ONOMA 'AUTH$ 'OU CALEPON
'EIPEIN DI' "O= KEITAI.
ERM ^ TO POI*ON:
SW ^ PALLADA POU 'AUTHN KALOUMEN0.
ERM ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW ^ TOUTO MEN-TOI=NUN 'APO TH$ 'EN TOI$ "OPLOI$ 'ORCHSEW$
<P 406E>
"HGOUMENOI TEQHNAI 'ORQW$ 'AN4, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, "HGOIMEQA; TO GAR-POU
'H= "AUTON 'H= TI 'ALLO METEWRIZEIN 'H= 'APO TH$ GH$ 'H= 'EN TAI$


<P 407A>
CERSIN PALLEIN TE-KAI PALLESQAI KAI 'ORCEIN KAI
'ORCEISQAI KALOUMEN0.
ERM ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ PALLADA MEN-TOINUN TAUTHI.
ERM ^ KAI 'ORQW$ GE. 'ALLA=-DH TO "ETERON PW*$ LEGEI$:
SW ^ TO TH$ 'AQHNA$:
ERM ^ NAI.
SW ^ TOUTO 'EMBRIQESTERON, 'W* FILE. 'EOIKASI DH-KAI "OI
PALAIOI THN 'AQHNAN NOMIZEIN "WSPER "OI NU*N PERI= "OMHRON
<P 407B>
DEINOI. KAI-GAR TOUTWN "OI POLLOI 'EXHGOUMENOI TON POIHTHN
FASI0 THN 'AQHNAN 'AUTON NOUN TE-KAI DIANOIAN PEPOIHKENAI,
KAI "O TA 'ONOMATA POIW*N 'EOIKE0 TOIOUTON TI PERI= 'AUTH$ DIANOEISQAI,
'ETI DE MEIZONW$ LEGWN QEOU NOHSIN "WSPEREI LEGEI0
"OTI4 "A2 QEONOA 'ESTIN "AU=TH, TW*I 'ALFA XENIKW$ 'ANTI TOU* 'HTA
CRHSAMENO$ KAI TO 'IWTA KAI TO SIGMA 'AFELWN. 'ISW$ DE-'OUDE
TAUTHI, 'ALL' "W$ TA QEI*A NOOUSH$ 'AUTH$ DIAFERONTW$ TWN
'ALLWN QEONOHN 'EKALESEN. 'OUDEN DE 'APECEI0 KAI THN 'EN
TW*I 'HQEI NOHSIN "W$ 'OUSAN THN QEON TAUTHN 'HQONOHN MEN
<P 407C>
BOULESQAI PROSEIPEIN; PARAGAGWN DE 'H= 'AUTO$ 'H= TINE$ "USTERON
'EPI TO KALLION "W$ 'WIONTO, 'AQHNAAN 'EKALESAN.
ERM ^ TI= DE-DH TON "HFAISTON, PH*I LEGEI$:
SW ^ 'H* TON GENNAION TON FAEO$ "ISTORA 'ERWTA*I$0:
ERM ^ 'EOIKA.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N "OUTO$ MEN PANTI DHLO$ FAISTO$ 'WN, TO
'HTA PROSELKUSAMENO$:
ERM ^ KINDUNEUEI0, 'EA=N MH PHI SOI4, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'ETI 'ALLHI DOXHI6.
SW ^ 'ALL' "INA MH DOXHI6, TON 'ARH 'ERWTA.
ERM ^ 'ERWTW0.
<P 407D>
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N, 'EI MEN BOULEI, KATA TO 'ARREN TE-KAI KATA
TO 'ANDREION 'ARH$ 'AN4 'EIH; 'EI D' 'AU KATA TO SKLHRON TE-KAI
'AMETASTROFON, "O= DH 'ARRATON KALEITAI0, KAI TAUTHI 'AN4
PANTACHI POLEMIKWI QEWI PREPOI 'ARH KALEISQAI0.
ERM ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ 'EK MEN-'OUN TWN QEWN PRO$ QEWN 'APALLAGWMEN, "W$
'EGW DEDOIKA PERI= 'AUTWN DIALEGESQAI; PERI= DE 'ALLWN "WN7
TINWN BOULEI PROBALLE MOI, 'OFRA9 'IDHAI9 "OIOI9 'EUQUFRONO$
"IPPOI9.
<P 407E>
ERM ^ 'ALLA= POIHSW2 TAUTA, 'ETI GE "EN 'EROMENO$ SE PERI=
"ERMOU, 'EPEIDH ME KAI 'OU FHSIN KRATULO$ "ERMOGENH 'EINAI.
PEIRWMEQA2 'OUN TON "ERMHN SKEYASQAI TI= KAI NOEI0 TO
'ONOMA, "INA KAI 'EIDWMEN 'EI TI "ODE LEGEI0.
SW ^ 'ALLA=-MHN TOUTO GE 'EOIKE0 PERI= LOGON TI 'EINAI "O
"ERMH$, KAI TO "ERMHNEA 'EINAI KAI TO 'AGGELON KAI TO


<P 408A>
KLOPIKON TE-KAI TO 'APATHLON 'EN LOGOI$ KAI TO 'AGORASTIKON,
PERI= LOGOU DUNAMIN 'ESTIN PASA "AU=TH "H PRAGMATEIA; "OPER
'OUN-KAI 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN 'ELEGOMEN, TO 'EIREIN LOGOU CREIA
'ESTI, TO DE, "OION KAI "OMHRO$ POLLACOU LEGEI0, 'EMHSATO9
FHSIN, TOUTO DE MHCANHSASQAI 'ESTIN. 'EX 'AMFOTERWN 'OUN
TOUTWN TON TO LEGEIN TE-KAI TON LOGON MHSAMENON % TO DE
LEGEIN DH 'ESTIN 'EIREIN % TOUTON TON QEON "WSPEREI 'EPITATTEI0
<P 408B>
"HMIN "O NOMOQETH$; 'W* 'ANQRWPOI, "O$4 TO 'EIREIN 'EMHSATO,
DIKAIW$ 'AN4 KALOITO0 "UPO "UMWN 'EIREMH$; NU*N DE "HMEI$,
"W$ 'OIOMEQA, KALLWPIZONTE$ TO 'ONOMA "ERMHN KALOUMEN0.
KAI8 "H8 GE8 'IRI$8 'APO8 TOU*8 'EIREIN8 'EOIKEN80 KEKLHMENH8, "OTI84
'AGGELO$8 'H*N8.
ERM ^ NH TON DI=A, 'EU 'A=RA MOI DOKEI0 KRATULO$ LEGEIN TO
'EME MH 'EINAI "ERMOGENH; 'OU=KOUN 'EUMHCANO$ GE 'EIMI LOGOU.
SW ^ KAI TO GE TON PANA TOU* "ERMOU 'EINAI "UON DIFUH
'ECEI0 TO 'EIKO$, 'W* "ETAIRE.
<P 408C>
ERM ^ PW*$ DH:
SW ^ 'OISQA "OTI4 "O LOGO$ TO PAN SHMAINEI0 KAI KUKLEI0 KAI
POLEI0 'AEI, KAI 'ESTI DIPLOU$, 'ALHQH$ TE-KAI YEUDH$.
ERM ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N TO MEN 'ALHQE$ 'AUTOU4 LEION KAI QEION KAI
'ANW 'OIKOUN 'EN TOI$ QEOI$, TO DE YEUDO$ KATW 'EN TOI$ POLLOI$
TWN 'ANQRWPWN KAI TRACU KAI TRAGIKON; 'ENTAUQA GAR PLEISTOI
"OI MUQOI TE-KAI TA YEUDH 'ESTIN, PERI= TON TRAGIKON BION.
ERM ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ 'ORQW$ 'A=R' 'AN74 "O PAN MHNUWN KAI 'AEI POLWN
<P 408D>
PAN 'AIPOLO$ 'EIH, DIFUH$ "ERMOU "UO$, TA MEN 'ANWQEN
LEIO$, TA DE KATWQEN TRACU$ KAI TRAGOEIDH$. KAI 'ESTIN
'HTOI LOGO$ 'H= LOGOU 'ADELFO$ "O PAN, 'EIPER "ERMOU "UO$
'ESTIN; 'ADELFWI DE 'EOIKENAI 'ADELFON 'OUDEN QAUMASTON. 'ALL'
"OPER 'EGW 'ELEGON, 'W* MAKARIE, 'APALLAGWMEN 'EK TWN QEWN.
ERM ^ TWN GE TOIOUTWN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EI BOULEI. PERI=
TWN TOIWNDE DE TI= SE KWLUEI0 DIELQEIN, "OION "HLIOU TE-KAI
SELHNH$ KAI 'ASTRWN KAI GH$ KAI 'AIQERO$ KAI 'AERO$ KAI PURO$
<P 408E>
KAI "UDATO$ KAI "WRWN KAI 'ENIAUTOU:
SW ^ SUCNA MEN MOI PROSTATTEI$, "OMW$ DE, 'EIPER SOI4
KECARISMENON-'ESTAI, 'EQELW0.
ERM ^ KAI-MHN CARIHI2.
SW ^ TI= DH-'OUN PRWTON BOULEI: 'H= "WSPER 'EIPE$ TON
"HLION DIELQWMEN:
ERM ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ 'EOIKE0 TOINUN KATADHLON GENOMENON 'AN4 MALLON 'EI


<P 409A>
TW*I DWRIKWI TI$ 'ONOMATI CRWITO % "ALION GAR KALOUSIN0 "OI
DWRIH$ % "ALIO$ 'OUN 'EIH MEN 'AN4 KATA TO "ALIZEIN 'EI$
'TAUTON TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ 'EPEIDAN 'ANATEILHI6, 'EIH D' 'AN4 KAI TW*I PERI=
THN GHN 'AEI "EILEIN 'IWN, 'EOIKOI D' 'AN4 KAI "OTI4 POIKILLEI0 'IWN TA
GIGNOMENA 'EK TH$ GH$; TO DE POIKILLEIN KAI 'AIOLEIN 'TAUTON.
ERM ^ TI= DE "H SELHNH:
SW ^ TOUTO DE TO 'ONOMA FAINETAI TON 'ANAXAGORAN PIEZEIN.
ERM ^ TI= DH:
SW ^ 'EOIKE0 DHLOUNTI PALAIOTERON "O= 'EKEINO$ NEWSTI 'ELEGEN,
<P 409B>
"OTI4 "H SELHNH 'APO TOU* "HLIOU 'ECEI0 TO FW$.
ERM ^ PW*$ DH:
SW ^ TO MEN-POU SELA$ KAI TO FW$ 'TAUTON.
ERM ^ NAI.
SW ^ NEON DE-POU-KAI "ENON 'AEI 'ESTI PERI= THN SELHNHN
TOUTO TO FW$, 'EIPER 'ALHQH "OI 'ANAXAGOREIOI LEGOUSIN0; KUKLWI
GAR-POU 'AEI 'AUTHN PERIIWN NEON 'AEI 'EPIBALLEI0, "ENON DE
"UPARCEI0 TO TOU* PROTEROU MHNO$.
ERM ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ SELANAIAN DE-GE KALOUSIN0 'AUTHN POLLOI.
ERM ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ "OTI4 DE SELA$ NEON KAI "ENON 'ECEI0 'AEI, SELAENONEOAEIA
<P 409C>
MEN DIKAIOTAT' 'AN4 TWN8 'ONOMATWN KALOITO0, SUGKEKROTHMENON
DE SELANAIA KEKLHTAI.
ERM ^ DIQURAMBWDE$ GE TOUTO 'TOUNOMA, 'W* SWKRATE$.
'ALLA= TON MHNA KAI TA 'ASTRA PW*$ LEGEI$:
SW ^ "O MEN MEI$ 'APO TOU* MEIOUSQAI 'EIH 'AN4 MEIH$
'ORQW$ KEKLHMENO$, TA D' 'ASTRA 'EOIKE0 TH$ 'ASTRAPH$
'EPWNUMIAN 'ECEIN. "H DE 'ASTRAPH, "OTI4 TA 'WPA 'ANASTREFEI0,
'ANASTRWPH 'AN4 'EIH, NU*N DE 'ASTRAPH KALLWPISQEISA
KEKLHTAI.
ERM ^ TI= DE TO PUR KAI TO "UDWR:
<P 409D>
SW ^ TO PUR 'APORW0; KAI KINDUNEUEI0 'HTOI "H TOU* 'EUQUFRONO$
ME MOUSA 'EPILELOIPENAI, 'H= TOUTO TI PAGCALEPON 'EINAI.
SKEYAI 'OUN "HN 'EISAGW0 MHCANHN 'EPI PANTA TA TOIAUTA "A 'AN4
'APORW3.
ERM ^ TI=NA DH:
SW ^ 'EGW SOI4 'ERW2. 'APOKRINAI2 GAR MOI; 'ECOI$ 'AN4 'EIPEIN
PUR KATA TI=NA TROPON KALEITAI0:
ERM ^ MA DI=' 'OUK 'EGWGE.
SW ^ SKEYAI DH "O= 'EGW "UPOPTEUW0 PERI= 'AUTOU4. 'ENNOW0 GAR
<P 409E>
"OTI4 POLLA "OI "ELLHNE$ 'ONOMATA 'ALLW$ TE KAI "OI "UPO TOI$
BARBAROI$ 'OIKOUNTE$ PARA TWN BARBARWN 'EILHFASIN.
ERM ^ TI= 'OUN-DH:
SW ^ 'EI TI$ ZHTOI TAUTA KATA THN "ELLHNIKHN FWNHN "W$
'EIKOTW$ KEITAI, 'ALLA= MH KAT' 'EKEINHN 'EX "H$ TO 'ONOMA TUGCANEI0
'ON, 'OISQA "OTI4 'APOROI 'AN4.
ERM ^ 'EIKOTW$ GE.


<P 410A>
SW ^ "ORA TOINUN-KAI TOUTO TO 'ONOMA TO PUR MH TI
BARBARIKON 'HI. TOUTO GAR-'OUTE "RA&DION PROSAYAI0 'ESTIN
"ELLHNIKHI FWNHI, FANEROI T' 'EISIN "OUTW$ 'AUTO KALOUNTE$0
FRUGE$ SMIKRON TI PARAKLINONTE$; KAI TO GE "UDWR KAI
TA$ KUNA$ KAI 'A=LLA POLLA.
ERM ^ 'ESTI TAUTA.
SW ^ 'OU-TOINUN DEI TAUTA PROSBIAZESQAI, 'EPEI 'ECOI G' 'AN4
TI$ 'EIPEIN PERI= 'AUTWN. TO MEN-'OUN PUR KAI TO "UDWR TAUTHI
<P 410B>
'APWQOUMAI; "O DE-DH 'AHR 'A*RA-GE, 'W* "ERMOGENE$, "OTI4 'AIREI0
TA 'APO TH$ GH$, 'AHR KEKLHTAI: 'H= "OTI4 'AEI "REI0: 'H= "OTI4
PNEUMA 'EX 'AUTOU4 GIGNETAI "REONTO$: "OI GAR POIHTAI POU TA
PNEUMATA 'AHTA$ KALOUSIN0; 'ISW$ 'OUN LEGEI0, "WSPER 'AN4 'EI
'EIPOI PNEUMATORROUN, 'AHTORROUN "OQEN8 DH8 BOULETAI8 'AUTON8
"OUTW$8 'EIPEIN8, "OTI84 'ESTIN8 'AHR8. TON DE 'AIQERA THIDE PHI "UPOLAMBANW0,
"OTI4 'AEI QEI0 PERI= TON 'AERA "REWN 'AEIQEHR DIKAIW$
'AN4 KALOITO0. GH DE MALLON SHMAINEI0 "O= BOULETAI 'EA=N TI$
<P 410C>
GAIAN 'ONOMASHI6; GAIA GAR GENNHTEIRA 'AN4 'EIH 'ORQW$
KEKLHMENH, "W$ FHSIN "OMHRO$; TO GAR GEGAASIN9 GEGENNHSQAI
LEGEI0. 'EIEN; TI= 'OUN "HMIN 'H*N TO META TOUTO:
ERM ^ "WRAI, 'W* SWKRATE$, KAI 'ENIAUTO$ KAI 'ETO$.
SW ^ "AI MEN-DH "WRAI 'ATTIKISTI "W$ TO PALAION "RHTEON,
'EIPER BOULEI TO 'EIKO$ 'EIDENAI; "ORAI GAR 'EISI DIA= TO
"ORIZEIN CEIMWNA$ TE-KAI QERH KAI PNEUMATA KAI TOU$ KARPOU$
TOU$ 'EK TH$ GH$; "ORIZOUSAI DE DIKAIW$ 'AN4 "ORAI KALOINTO0.
<P 410D>
'ENIAUTO$ DE-KAI 'ETO$ KINDUNEUEI0 "EN TI 'EINAI. TO GAR TA
FUOMENA KAI TA GIGNOMENA 'EN MEREI "EKASTON PROAGON 'EI$
FW$ KAI 'AUTO 'EN "AUTWI 'EXETAZON, TOUTO, "WSPER 'EN TOI$
PROSQEN TO TOU* DIO$ 'ONOMA DICA DIHIRHMENON "OI MEN ZHNA,
"OI DE DI=A 'EKALOUN, "OUTW KAI 'ENTAUQA "OI MEN 'ENIAUTON,
"OTI4 'EN "EAUTWI, "OI DE 'ETO$, "OTI4 'ETAZEI0; "O DE "OLO$ LOGO$
'ESTIN TO 'EN "EAUTWI 'ETAZON TOUTO PROSAGOREUESQAI "EN 'ON
DICA, "WSTE DUO 'ONOMATA GEGONENAI, 'ENIAUTON TE-KAI
<P 410E>
'ETO$, 'EX "ENO$ LOGOU.
ERM ^ 'ALLA=-DHTA, 'W* SWKRATE$, POLU 'EPIDIDW$.
SW ^ PORRW 'HDH 'OIMAI FAINOMAI SOFIA$ 'ELAUNEIN.
ERM ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ TACA MALLON FHSEI$.


<P 411A>
ERM ^ 'ALLA= META TOUTO TO 'EIDO$ 'EGWGE "HDEW$ 'AN4
QEASAIMHN TAUTA TA KALA 'ONOMATA TI=NI POTE 'ORQOTHTI
KEITAI, TA PERI= THN 'ARETHN, "OION FRONHSI$ TE-KAI
SUNESI$ KAI DIKAIOSUNH KAI 'TALLA TA TOIAUTA PANTA.
SW ^ 'EGEIREI$ MEN, 'W* "ETAIRE, 'OU FAULON GENO$ 'ONOMATWN;
"OMW$ DE 'EPEIDHPER THN LEONTHN 'ENDEDUKA, 'OUK 'APODEILIATEON
'ALL' 'EPISKEPTEON, "W$ 'EOIKE0, FRONHSIN KAI SUNESIN KAI
GNWMHN KAI 'EPISTHMHN KAI 'TALLA DH "A FH=I$ PANTA TAUTA TA
<P 411B>
KALA 'ONOMATA.
ERM ^ PANU MEN-'OUN 'OU DEI "HMA$ PROAPOSTHNAI0.
SW ^ KAI-MHN, NH TON KUNA, DOKW0 GE MOI 'OU KAKW$
MANTEUESQAI, "O= KAI NUNDH 'ENENOHSA, "OTI4 "OI PANU PALAIOI
'ANQRWPOI "OI TIQEMENOI TA 'ONOMATA PANTO$ MALLON, "WSPER
KAI TWN NU*N "OI POLLOI TWN SOFWN "UPO TOU* PUKNA PERISTREFESQAI
ZHTOUNTE$ "OPHI 'ECEI0 TA 'ONTA 'EILIGGIWSIN0, 'KAPEITA
'AUTOI$ FAINETAI PERIFERESQAI TA PRAGMATA KAI PANTW$
<P 411C>
FERESQAI. 'AITIWNTAI0 DH 'OU TO 'ENDON TO PARA SFISIN PAQO$
'AITION 'EINAI TAUTH$ TH$ DOXH$, 'ALLA= 'AUTA TA PRAGMATA
"OUTW PEFUKENAI, 'OUDEN 'AUTWN MONIMON 'EINAI 'OUDE BEBAION,
'ALLA= "REIN KAI FERESQAI KAI MESTA 'EINAI PASH$ FORA$ KAI
GENESEW$ 'AEI. LEGW0 DH 'ENNOHSA$ PRO$ PANTA TA NUNDH
'ONOMATA.
ERM ^ PW*$ DH TOUTO, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW ^ 'OU KATENOHSA$ 'ISW$ TA 'ARTI LEGOMENA "OTI4 PANTAPASIN
"W$ FEROMENOI$ TE-KAI "REOUSI4 KAI GIGNOMENOI$ TOI$
PRAGMASI TA 'ONOMATA 'EPIKEITAI.
ERM ^ 'OU PANU 'ENEQUMHQHN.
<P 411D>
SW ^ KAI-MHN PRWTON MEN TOUTO "O= PRWTON 'EIPOMEN
PANTAPASIN "W$ 'EPI TOIOUTWN 'ESTIN.
ERM ^ TO POI*ON:
SW ^ "H FRONHSI$; FORA$ GAR 'ESTI KAI "ROU NOHSI$.
'EIH2 D' 'AN4 KAI 'ONHSIN "UPOLABEIN FORA$; 'ALL'-'OUN PERI= GE
TO FERESQAI 'ESTIN. 'EI DE BOULEI, "H GNWMH PANTAPASIN
DHLOI0 GONH$ SKEYIN KAI NWMHSIN; TO GAR NWMAN
KAI TO SKOPEIN 'TAUTON. 'EI DE BOULEI, 'AUTO "H NOHSI$
TOU* NEOU 'ESTIN "ESI$, TO DE NEA 'EINAI TA 'ONTA SHMAINEI0
<P 411E>
GIGNOMENA 'AEI 'EINAI; TOUTOU 'OUN 'EFIESQAI THN YUCHN MHNUEI0
TO 'ONOMA "O QEMENO$ THN NEOESIN. 'OU-GAR NOHSI$ TO
'ARCAION 'EKALEITO, 'ALL' 'ANTI TOU* 'HTA 'EI4 'EDEI LEGEIN DUO,
NOEESIN. SWFROSUNH DE SWTHRIA "OU2 NUNDH 'ESKEMMEQA,


<P 412A>
FRONHSEW$. KAI-MHN "H GE 'EPISTHMH MHNUEI0 "W$
FEROMENOI$ TOI$ PRAGMASIN "EPOMENH$ TH$ YUCH$ TH$ 'AXIA$
LOGOU, KAI-'OUTE 'APOLEIPOMENH$ 'OUTE PROQEOUSH$; DIO DH
'EMBALLONTA$ DEI TO 'EI4 "EPEISTHMHN 'AUTHN 'ONOMAZEIN.
SUNESI$ D' 'AU "OUTW MEN DOXEIEN 'AN4 "WSPER SULLOGISMO$
'EINAI, "OTAN DE SUNIENAI LEGHI5, 'TAUTON PANTAPASIN TW*I
'EPISTASQAI SUMBAINEI0 LEGOME$ON; SUMPOREUESQAI GAR LEGEI0
<P 412B>
THN YUCHN TOI$ PRAGMASI TO SUNIENAI. 'ALLA=-MHN "H GE
SOFIA FORA$ 'EFAPTESQAI SHMAINEI0. SKOTWDESTERON DE
TOUTO KAI XENIKWTERON; 'ALLA= DEI 'EK TWN POIHTWN 'ANAMIMNHISKESQAI
"OTI4 POLLACOU LEGOUSIN0 PERI= "OTOU 'AN4 TUCWSIN TWN
'ARCOMENWN TACU PROIENAI 'ESUQH FASIN0. LAKWNIKWI DE
'ANDRI TWN 'EUDOKIMWN KAI 'ONOMA 'H*N SOU$; THN GAR TACEIAN
"ORMHN "OI LAKEDAIMONIOI TOUTO KALOUSIN0. TAUTH$ 'OUN TH$
FORA$ 'EPAFHN SHMAINEI0 "H SOFIA, "W$ FEROMENWN TWN 'ONTWN0.
<P 412C>
KAI-MHN TO GE 'AGAQON, TOUTO TH$ FUSEW$ PASH$ TW*I
'AGASTWI BOULETAI TO 'ONOMA 'EPIKEISQAI. 'EPEIDH GAR POREUETAI
TA 'ONTA, 'ENI MEN-'A=R' 'AUTOI$ TACO$, 'ENI DE BRADUTH$.
'ESTIN 'OUN 'OU PAN TO TACU 'ALLA= TI 'AUTOU4 'AGASTON. TOU*
QOOU DH TW*I 'AGASTWI "AU=TH "H 'EPWNUMIA 'ESTIN, 'TAGAQON.
DIKAIOSUNH DE, "OTI4 MEN 'EPI THI TOU* DIKAIOU SUNESEI
TOUTO KEITAI TO 'ONOMA, "RA&DION SUMBALEIN2; 'AUTO DE TO DIKAION
CALEPON. KAI-GAR-DH-KAI 'EOIKE0 MECRI MEN TOU "OMOLOGEISQAI
<P 412D>
PARA POLLWN, 'EPEITA DE 'AMFISBHTEISQAI. "OSOI GAR "HGOUNTAI
TO PAN 'EINAI 'EN POREIA\, TO MEN POLU 'AUTOU4 "UPOLAMBANOUSIN0
TOIOUTON TI 'EINAI "OION 'OUDEN 'ALLO 'H= CWREIN, DIA= DE TOUTOU
PANTO$ 'EINAI TI DIEXION, DI' "OU2 PANTA TA GIGNOMENA GIGNESQAI;
'EINAI DE TACISTON TOUTO KAI LEPTOTATON. 'OU-GAR 'AN4 DUNASQAI
'ALLW$ DIA= TOU* 'ONTO$ 'IENAI PANTO$, 'EI MH LEPTOTATON
TE 'H*N "WSTE 'AUTO MHDEN STEGEIN, KAI TACISTON "WSTE CRHSQAI
"WSPER "ESTWSI TOI$ 'ALLOI$. 'EPEI D'-'OUN 'EPITROPEUEI0 TA
<P 412E>
'A=LLA PANTA DIAION, TOUTO TO 'ONOMA 'EKLHQH 'ORQW$ DIKAION,
'EUSTOMIA$ "ENEKA THN TOU* KAPPA DUNAMIN PROSLABON. MECRI
MEN-'OUN 'ENTAUQA, "O= NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN, PARA POLLWN "OMOLOGEITAI


<P 413A>
TOUTO 'EINAI TO DIKAION; 'EGW DE, 'W* "ERMOGENE$, "ATE
LIPARH$ 'WN PERI= 'AUTOU4, TAUTA MEN PANTA DIAPEPUSMAI 'EN
'APORRHTOI$, "OTI42 TOUTO 'ESTI TO DIKAION KAI TO 'AITION % DI' "O=
GAR GIGNETAI, TOUT' 'ESTI TO 'AITION % KAI DI=A KALEIN0 'EFH
TI$ TOUTO 'ORQW$ 'ECEIN DIA= TAUTA. 'EPEIDAN D' 'HREMA 'AUTOU$
'EPANERWTW3 'AKOUSA$ TAUTA MHDEN "HTTON; TI= 'OUN POT' 'ESTIN,
'W* 'ARISTE, DIKAION, 'EI TOUTO "OUTW$ 'ECEI0: DOKW0 TE 'HDH
MAKRO=TERA TOU* PROSHKONTO$ 'ERWTAN KAI "UPER TA 'ESKAMMENA
<P 413B>
"ALLESQAI. "IKANW$ GAR ME FASI0 PEPUSQAI 'AKHKOENAI8 KAI
'EPICEIROUSIN0, BOULOMENOI 'APOPIMPLANAI ME, 'ALLO$ 'A=LLA 'HDH
LEGEIN, KAI 'OUKETI SUMFWNOUSIN0. "O MEN-GAR TI$ FHSIN TOUTO
'EINAI DIKAION, TON "HLION; TOUTON GAR MONON DIAIONTA KAI
KAONTA 'EPITROPEUEIN TA 'ONTA. 'EPEIDAN 'OUN TWI LEGW3 'AUTO
"ASMENO$ "W$ KALON TI 'AKHKOW$, KATAGELA*I0 MOU "OUTO$ 'AKOUSA$
KAI 'ERWTA*I0 'EI 'OUDEN DIKAION 'OIMAI 'EINAI 'EN TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ 'EPEIDAN
<P 413C>
"O "HLIO$ DUHI5. LIPAROUNTO$ 'OUN 'EMOU4 "OTI0 'AU 'EKEINO$ LEGEI0
'AUTO, TO PUR FHSIN; TOUTO DE 'OU "RA&DION 'ESTIN 'EIDENAI. "O DE
'OUK 'AUTO TO PUR FHSIN, 'ALL' 'AUTO TO QERMON TO 'EN TW*I PURI 'ENON.
"O DE TOUTWN MEN PANTWN KATAGELAN FHSIN, 'EINAI DE TO DIKAION
"O= LEGEI0 'ANAXAGORA$, NOUN 'EINAI TOUTO; 'AUTOKRATORA GAR
'AUTON 'ONTA KAI 'OUDENI MEMEIGMENON PANTA FHSIN 'AUTON KOSMEIN
TA PRAGMATA DIA= PANTWN 'IONTA. 'ENTAUQA DH 'EGW, 'W* FILE,
POLU 'EN PLEIONI 'APORIA\ 'EIMI 'H= PRIN 'EPICEIRHSAI0 MANQANEIN
<P 413D>
PERI= TOU* DIKAIOU "OTI2 POT' 'ESTIN. 'ALL'-'OUN "OUPER2 "ENEKA 'ESKOPOUMEN,
TO GE 'ONOMA TOUTO FAINETAI 'AUTWI DIA= TAUTA KEISQAI.
ERM ^ FAINHI0 MOI, 'W* SWKRATE$, TAUTA MEN 'AKHKOENAI TOU
KAI 'OUK 'AUTOSCEDIAZEIN.
SW ^ TI= DE 'TALLA:
ERM ^ 'OU PANU.
SW ^ 'AKOUE DH; 'ISW$ GAR 'AN4 SE KAI TA 'EPILOIPA 'EXAPATHSAIMI
"W$ 'OUK 'AKHKOW$ LEGW0. META GAR DIKAIOSUNHN TI= "HMIN
LEIPETAI: 'ANDREIAN 'OIMAI 'OUPW DIHLQOMEN. 'ADIKIA MEN-GAR
<P 413E>
DHLON "OTI4 'ESTIN 'ONTO$ 'EMPODISMA TOU* DIAIONTO$, 'ANDREIA DE
SHMAINEI0 "W$ 'EN MACHI 'EPONOMAZOMENH$ TH$ 'ANDREIA$ % MACHN
D' 'EINAI 'EN TW*I 'ONTI, 'EIPER "REI0, 'OUK 'ALLO TI 'H= THN 'ENANTIAN
"ROHN % 'EA=N 'OUN TI$ 'EXELHI6 TO DELTA TOU* 'ONOMATO$ TH$ 'ANDREIA$,
'AUTO MHNUEI0 TO 'ERGON TO 'ONOMA "H 'ANREIA. DHLON 'OUN "OTI4
'OU PASHI "ROHI "H 'ENANTIA "ROH 'ANDREIA 'ESTIN, 'ALLA= THI PARA


<P 414A>
TO DIKAION "REOUSHI; 'OU-GAR 'AN4 'EPHINEITO "H 'ANDREIA. KAI TO
'ARREN KAI "O 'ANHR 'EPI PARAPLHSIWI TINI TOUTWI 'ESTI,
THI 'ANWI "ROHI. GUNH DE GONH MOI FAINETAI BOULESQAI
'EINAI. TO DE QHLU 'APO TH$ QHLH$ TI FAINETAI 'EPWNOMASQAI;
"H DE QHLH 'A*RA=-GE, 'W* "ERMOGENE$, "OTI4 TEQHLENAI
POIEI0 "WSPER TA 'ARDOMENA:
ERM ^ 'EOIKEN0 GE, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ KAI-MHN 'AUTO GE TO QALLEIN THN 'AUXHN MOI DOKEI0
'APEIKAZEIN THN TWN NEWN, "OTI4 TACEIA KAI 'EXAIFNIDI=A GIGNETAI.
<P 414B>
"OIONPER 'OUN MEMIMHTAI TW*I 'ONOMATI, SUNARMOSA$ 'APO TOU*
QEIN KAI "ALLESQAI TO 'ONOMA. 'ALL'-'OU-GAR 'EPISKOPEI$ ME
"WSPER 'EKTO$ DROMOU FEROMENON 'EPEIDAN LEIOU 'EPILABWMAI;
'EPILOIPA DE "HMIN 'ETI SUCNA TWN DOKOUNTWN0 SPOUDAIWN 'EINAI.
ERM ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW ^ "WN G' 'ESTIN0 "EN KAI TECNHN 'IDEIN "OTI2 POTE
BOULETAI 'EINAI.
ERM ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N TOUTO GE "EXIN NOU SHMAINEI0, TO MEN TAU
<P 414C>
'AFELONTI, 'EMBALONTI DE 'OU* METAXU TOU* CEI KAI TOU* NU KAI TOU*7
NU7 KAI7 TOU* 'HTA:
ERM ^ KAI MALA GE GLISCRW$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ 'W* MAKARIE, 'OUK 'OISQ' "OTI4 TA PRWTA 'ONOMATA TEQENTA
KATAKECWSTAI 'HDH "UPO TWN BOULOMENWN TRAGWIDEIN 'AUTA,
PERITIQENTWN0 GRAMMATA KAI 'EXAIROUNTWN0 'EUSTOMIA$ "ENEKA KAI
PANTACHI STREFONTWN0, KAI "UPO KALLWPISMOU KAI "UPO CRONOU.
'EPEI 'EN TW*I KATOPTRWI 'OU DOKEI0 SOI84 'ATOPON 'EINAI TO 'EMBEBLHSQAI
TO "RW: 'ALLA= TOIAUTA 'OIMAI POIOUSIN0 "OI TH$ MEN
<P 414D>
'ALHQEIA$ 'OUDEN FRONTIZONTE$, TO DE STOMA PLATTONTE$, "WST'
'EPEMBALLONTE$ POLLA 'EPI TA PRWTA 'ONOMATA TELEUTWNTE$
POIOUSIN0 MHD' 'AN4 "ENA 'ANQRWPWN SUNEINAI0 "OTI2 POTE BOULETAI
TO 'ONOMA; "WSPER KAI THN SFIGGA 'ANTI FIKO$ SFIGGA
KALOUSIN0, KAI 'A=LLA POLLA.
ERM ^ TAUTA MEN 'ESTIN "OUTW$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ 'EI D' 'AU TI$ 'EASEI2 KAI 'ENTIQENAI KAI 'EXAIREIN "ATT'
'AN4 BOULHTAI TI$ 'EI$ TA 'ONOMATA, POLLH 'EUPORIA 'ESTAI KAI
PAN 'AN4 PANTI TI$ 'ONOMA PRAGMATI PROSARMOSEIEN.
<P 414E>
ERM ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW ^ 'ALHQH MENTOI. 'ALLA= TO METRION 'OIMAI DEI FULATTEIN
KAI TO 'EIKO$ SE TON SOFON 'EPISTATHN.
ERM ^ BOULOIMHN 'AN4.
SW ^ KAI 'EGW SOI4 SUMBOULOMAI, 'W* "ERMOGENE$. 'ALLA= MH


<P 415A>
LIAN, 'W* DAIMONIE, 'AKRIBOLOGOU,
MH9 M'9 'APOGUIWSHI$9 MENEO$9.
'ERCOMAI GAR 'EPI THN KORUFHN "WN 'EIRHKA, 'EPEIDAN META
TECNHN MHCANHN 'EPISKEYWMEQA. MHCANH GAR MOI DOKEI0
TOU* 'ANEIN 'EPI POLU SHMEION 'EINAI; TO GAR MHKO$ PW$
TO POLU SHMAINEI0; 'EX 'AMFOIN 'OUN TOUTOIN SUGKEITAI,
MHKOU$ TE-KAI TOU* 'ANEIN, TO 'ONOMA "H MHCANH.
'ALL', "OPER NUNDH 'EIPON, 'EPI THN KORUFHN DEI TWN 'EIRHMENWN
'ELQEIN; 'ARETH GAR-KAI KAKIA "OTI2 BOULETAI TA 'ONOMATA
<P 415B>
ZHTHTEA. TO MEN-'OUN "ETERON 'OUPW KAQORW0, TO D' "ETERON
DOKEI0 MOI KATADHLON 'EINAI. SUMFWNEI0 GAR TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN
PASIN. "ATE GAR 'IONTWN0 TWN PRAGMATWN, PAN TO KAKW$
'ION KAKIA 'AN4 'EIH; TOUTO DE "OTAN 'EN YUCHI 'HI, TO KAKW$
'IENAI 'EPI TA PRAGMATA, MALISTA THN TOU* "OLOU 'EPWNUMIAN
'ECEI0 TH$ KAKIA$. TO DE KAKW$ 'IENAI "OTI2 POT' 'ESTIN, DOKEI0
MOI DHLOUN0 KAI 'EN THI DEILIA\, "O= 'OUPW DIHLQOMEN 'ALL'
<P 415C>
"UPEREBHMEN, DEON 'AUTO META THN 'ANDREIAN SKEYASQAI;
DOKOUMEN DE MOI KAI 'A=LLA POLLA "UPERBEBHKENAI. "H D'-'OUN
DEILIA TH$ YUCH$ SHMAINEI0 DESMON 'EINAI 'ISCURON; TO GAR
LIAN 'ISCU$ TI$ 'ESTIN. DESMO$ 'OUN "O LIAN KAI "O MEGISTO$
TH$ YUCH$ "H DEILIA 'AN4 'EIH; "WSPER GE-KAI "H 'APORIA KAKON,
KAI PAN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "OTI2 'AN4 'EMPODWN 'HI TW*I 'IENAI KAI POREUESQAI.
TOUT' 'OUN FAINETAI TO KAKW$ 'IENAI DHLOUN20, TO 'ISCOMENW$ TE-KAI
'EMPODIZOMENW$ POREUESQAI, "O= DH YUCH "OTAN 'ECHI5, KAKIA\
MESTH GIGNETAI. 'EI D' 'EPI TOIOUTOI$ "H KAKIA 'ESTIN
'TOUNOMA, 'TOUNANTION TOUTOU "H 'ARETH 'AN4 'EIH, SHMAINON PRWTON
<P 415D>
MEN 'EUPORIAN, 'EPEITA DE LELUMENHN THN "ROHN TH$ 'AGAQH$
YUCH$ 'EINAI 'AEI, "WSTE TO 'ASCETW$ KAI TO 'AKWLUTW$
'AEI "REON 'EPWNUMIAN 'EILHFEN0, "W$ 'EOIKE0, TOUTO 'TOUNOMA, "O=7
'ORQW$ MEN 'ECEI0 'AEIREITHN KALEIN0, 'ISW$8 DE8 "AIRETHN8 LEGEI80,
"W$8 'OUSH$8 TAUTH$8 TH$8 "EXEW$8 "AIRETWTATH$8, SUGKEKROTHTAI DE
KAI KALEITAI0 'ARETH. KAI 'ISW$ ME 'AU FHSEI$ PLATTEIN;
'EGW DE FHMI, 'EIPER "O= 'EMPROSQEN 'EIPON 'ORQW$ 'ECEI0, "H KAKIA,
<P 415E>
KAI TOUTO TO 'ONOMA THN 'ARETHN 'ORQW$ 'ECEIN.


<P 416A>
ERM ^ TO DE-DH KAKON, DI' "OU2 POLLA TWN 'EMPROSQEN
'EIRHKA$, TI= 'AN4 NOOI 'TOUNOMA:
SW ^ 'ATOPON TI NH DI=A 'EMOIGE DOKEI0 KAI CALEPON SUMBALEIN2.
'EPAGW0 'OUN-KAI TOUTWI 'EKEINHN THN MHCANHN.
ERM ^ POI=AN TAUTHN:
SW ^ THN TOU* BARBARIKON TI KAI TOUTO FANAI0 'EINAI.
ERM ^ KAI 'EOIKA$ GE 'ORQW$ LEGONTI. 'ALL' 'EI DOKEI0, TAUTA
MEN 'EWMEN2, TO DE KALON KAI TO8 'AISCRON PEIRWMEQA2
'IDEIN PH*I 'EULOGW$ 'ECEI0.
SW ^ TO MEN-TOINUN 'AISCRON KAI-DH KATADHLON MOI
<P 416B>
FAINETAI "O= NOEI0; KAI TOUTO GAR TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN "OMOLOGEITAI.
TO GAR 'EMPODIZON KAI 'ISCON0 TH$ "ROH$ TA 'ONTA LOIDOREIN MOI
FAINETAI DIA= PANTO$ "O TA 'ONOMATA TIQEI=$, KAI NU*N TW*I 'AEI
'ISCONTI TON "ROUN TOUTO TO 'ONOMA 'EQETO TO7 'AEISCOROUN;
NU*N DE SUGKROTHSANTE$ 'AISCRON KALOUSIN0.
ERM ^ TI= DE TO KALON:
SW ^ TOUTO CALEPWTERON KATANOHSAI0. KAITOI LEGEI0 GE
'AUTO; "ARMONIA\ MONON KAI MHKEI TOU* 'OU* PARHKTAI.
ERM ^ PW*$ DH:
SW ^ TH$ DIANOIA$ TI$ 'EOIKEN0 'EPWNUMIA 'EINAI TOUTO TO
'ONOMA.
ERM ^ PW*$ LEGEI$:
<P 416C>
SW ^ FERE, TI= 'OIEI SU 'EINAI TO 'AITION KLHQHNAI "EKASTWI
TWN 'ONTWN0: 'A*R' 'OUK 'EKEINO TO TA 'ONOMATA QEMENON:
ERM ^ PANTW$ POU.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N DIANOIA 'AN4 'EIH TOUTO 'HTOI QEWN 'H= 'ANQRWPWN
'H= 'AMFO=TERA:
ERM ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N TO KALESAN TA PRAGMATA KAI TO KALOUN0
'TAUTON 'ESTIN TOUTO, DIANOIA:
ERM ^ FAINETAI.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI "OSA MEN 'AN4 NOU$ TE-KAI DIANOIA 'ERGASHTAI,
TAUTA 'ESTI TA 'EPAINETA, "A DE MH, YEKTA:
ERM ^ PANU GE.
<P 416D>
SW ^ TO 'OUN 'IATRIKON 'IATRIKA 'ERGAZETAI KAI TO TEKTONIKON
TEKTONIKA: 'H= PW*$ LEGEI$:
ERM ^ "OUTW$ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ KAI TO KALOUN0 'A=RA KALA:
ERM ^ DEI GE-TOI.
SW ^ 'ESTI DE-GE TOUTO, "W$ FAMEN, DIANOIA:
ERM ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ 'ORQW$ 'A=RA FRONHSEW$ "AU=TH "H 'EPWNUMIA 'ESTIN
TO KALON TH$ TA TOIAUTA 'APERGAZOMENH$, "A DH KALA
FASKONTE$ 'EINAI 'ASPAZOMEQA.
ERM ^ FAINETAI.
<P 416E>
SW ^ TI= 'OUN 'ETI "HMIN LOIPON TWN TOIOUTWN:
ERM ^ TAUTA TA PERI= TO 'AGAQON TE-KAI KALON, SUMFERONTA


<P 417A>
TE-KAI LUSITELOUNTA KAI 'WFELIMA KAI KERDALEA KAI
'TANANTIA TOUTWN.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N TO MEN SUMFERON 'HDH POU 'KAN4 SU "EUROI$
'EK TWN PROTERON 'EPISKOPWN; TH$ GAR 'EPISTHMH$ 'ADELFON
TI FAINETAI. 'OUDEN GAR 'ALLO DHLOI0 'H= THN "AMA FORAN TH$
YUCH$ META TWN PRAGMATWN, KAI TA "UPO TOU* TOIOUTOU PRATTOMENA
SUMFERONTA TE-KAI SUMFORA KEKLHSQAI 'APO
TOU* SUMPERIFERESQAI 'EOIKE0, TO DE-GE KERDALEON 'APO TOU*
<P 417B>
KERDOU$. KERDO$ DE NU 'ANTI TOU* DELTA 'APODIDONTI 'E$ TO
'ONOMA DHLOI0 "O= BOULETAI; TO GAR 'AGAQON KAT' 'ALLON TROPON
'ONOMAZEI0. "OTI4 GAR KERANNUTAI 'E$ PANTA DIEXION, TAUTHN
'AUTOU4 THN DUNAMIN 'EPONOMAZWN 'EQETO 'TOUNOMA; DELUA D'7
'ENQEI$ 'ANTI TOU* NU KERDO$ 'EFQEGXATO.
ERM ^ LUSITELOUN DE TI= DH:
SW ^ 'EOIKEN0, 'W* "ERMOGENE$, 'OUCI KAQAPER "OI KAPHLOI
'AUTWI CRWNTAI0, 'EA=N TO 'ANALWMA 'APOLUHI5, 'OU TAUTHI LEGEIN
<P 417C>
MOI DOKEI0 TO LUSITELOUN, 'ALL' "OTI4 TACISTON 'ON TOU* 'ONTO$
"ISTASQAI 'OUK 'EA*I0 TA PRAGMATA, 'OUDE TELO$ LABOUSAN THN
FORAN TOU* FERESQAI STHNAI0 TE-KAI PAUSASQAI, 'ALL' 'AEI
LUEI0 'AUTH$ 'AN2 TI 'EPICEIRHI5 TELO$ 'EGGIGNESQAI, KAI PARECEI0
'APAUSTON KAI 'AQANATON 'AUTHN, TAUTHI MOI DOKEI0 'EPIFHMISAI0
TO 'AGAQON LUSITELOUN; TO GAR TH$ FORA$ LUON TO TELO$
LUSITELOUN KALESAI0. 'WFELIMON DE XENIKON 'TOUNOMA,
"WI KAI "OMHRO$ POLLACOU KECRHTAI, TW*I 'OFELLEIN9; 'ESTI
DE TOUTO TOU* 'AUXEIN KAI POIEIN88 'EPWNUMIA.
<P 417D>
ERM ^ TA DE-DH TOUTWN 'ENANTIA PW*$ 'ECEI0 "HMIN:
SW ^ "OSA MEN 'APOFHSIN 'AUTWN, "W$ GE MOI DOKEI0, 'OUDEN
DEI TAUTA DIEXIENAI.
ERM ^ POI*A TAUTA:
SW ^ 'ASUMFORON KAI 'ANWFELE$ KAI 'ALUSITELE$
KAI 'AKERDE$.
ERM ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW ^ 'ALLA= BLABERON GE-KAI ZHMIWDE$.
ERM ^ NAI.
SW ^ KAI TO MEN-GE BLABERON TO BLAPTON TON
<P 417E>
"ROUN 'EINAI LEGEI0; TO DE BLAPTON 'AU SHMAINEI0 BOULOMENON
"APTEIN; TO DE "APTEIN KAI DEIN 'TAUTON 'ESTI, TOUTO
DE PANTACOU YEGEI0. TO BOULOMENON 'OUN "APTEIN "ROUN
'ORQOTATA MEN 'AN4 'EIH BOULAPTEROUN, KALLWPISQEN DE
KALEISQAI0 MOI FAINETAI BLABERON.
ERM ^ POIKILA GE SOI4, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EKBAINEI0 TA 'ONOMATA.
KAI-GAR NU*N MOI 'EDOXA$ "WSPER TOU* TH$ 'AQHNAA$ NOMOU
PROAULION STOMAULHSAI0, TOUTO TO 'ONOMA PROEIPWN TO


<P 418A>
BOULAPTEROUN.
SW ^ 'OUK 'EGW, 'W* "ERMOGENE$, 'AITIO$, 'ALL' "OI QEMENOI
TO 'ONOMA.
ERM ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$; 'ALLA=-DH TO ZHMIWDE$ TI= 'AN4 'EIH:
SW ^ TI= D' 'AN4 'EIH POTE ZHMIWDE$: QEASAI, 'W* "ERMOGENE$,
"W$ 'EGW 'ALHQH LEGW0 LEGWN "OTI4 PROSTIQENTE$ GRAMMATA
KAI 'EXAIROUNTE$ SFODRA 'ALLOIOUSI0 TA$ TWN 'ONOMATWN DIANOIA$,
"OUTW$ "WSTE SMIKRA PANU PARASTREFONTE$ 'ENIOTE 'TANANTIA
<P 418B>
POIEIN SHMAINEIN. "OION KAI 'EN TW*I DEONTI; 'ENENOHSA GAR
'AUTO KAI 'ANEMNHSQHN 'ARTI 'APO TOUDE "O= 'EMELLON SOI4 'EREIN2 "OTI4
"H MEN NEA FWNH "HMIN "H KALH "AUTHI KAI 'TOUNANTION PERIETREYE
MHNUEIN TO DEON KAI TO ZHMIWDE$, 'AFANIZOUSA
"OTI2 NOEI0, "H DE PALAIA 'AMFOTERON DHLOI0 "O= BOULETAI 'TOUNOMA.
ERM ^ PW*$ LEGEI$:
SW ^ 'EGW SOI4 'ERW2. 'OISQA "OTI4 "OI PALAIOI "OI "HMETEROI
TW*I 'IWTA KAI TW*I DELTA 'EU MALA 'ECRWNTO, KAI 'OUC "HKISTA
<P 418C>
"AI GUNAIKE$, "AIPER MALISTA THN 'ARCAIAN FWNHN SWIZOUSI0.
NU*N DE 'ANTI MEN TOU* 'IWTA 'H= 'EI*4 'H= 'HTA METASTREFOUSIN0, 'ANTI
DE TOU* DELTA ZHTA, "W$ DH MEGALOPREPE=STERA 'ONTA.
ERM ^ PW*$ DH:
SW ^ "OION "OI MEN 'ARCAIOTATOI "IMERAN THN "HMERAN
'EKALOUN, "OI DE "EMERAN, "OI DE NU*N "HMERAN.
ERM ^ 'ESTI TAUTA.
SW ^ 'OISQA 'OUN "OTI4 MONON TOUTWN DHLOI0 TO 'ARCAION
'ONOMA THN DIANOIAN TOU* QEMENOU: "OTI4 GAR "ASMENOI$ TOI$
<P 418D>
'ANQRWPOI$ KAI "IMEIROUSIN4 'EK TOU* SKOTOU$ TO FW$ 'EGIGNETO,
TAUTHI 'WNOMASAN "IMERAN.
ERM ^ FAINETAI.
SW ^ NU*N DE-GE TETRAGWIDHMENON 'OUD' 'AN4 KATANOHSAI$ "OTI2
BOULETAI "H "HMERA. KAITOI TINE$ 'OIONTAI, "W$ DH "H "HMERA
"H=MERA POIEI0, DIA= TAUTA 'WNOMASQAI 'AUTHN "OUTW$.
ERM ^ DOKEI0 MOI.
SW ^ KAI TO GE ZUGON 'OISQA "OTI4 DUOGON "OI PALAIOI
'EKALOUN.
ERM ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ KAI TO MEN-GE ZUGON 'OUDEN DHLOI0, TO DE TOIN
<P 418E>
DUOIN "ENEKA TH$ DESEW$ 'E$ THN 'AGWGHN 'EPWNOMASTAI
DUOGON DIKAIW$; NU*N DE ZUGON. KAI 'A=LLA PAMPOLLA
"OUTW$ 'ECEI0.
ERM ^ FAINETAI.
SW ^ KATA 'TAUTA TOINUN PRWTON MEN TO DEON "OUTW
LEGOMENON 'TOUNANTION SHMAINEI0 PASI TOI$ PERI= TO 'AGAQON
'ONOMASIN; 'AGAQOU GAR 'IDEA 'OUSA TO DEON FAINETAI DESMO$
'EINAI KAI KWLUMA FORA$, "WSPER 'ADELFON 'ON TOU* BLABEROU.
ERM ^ KAI MALA, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OUTW FAINETAI.
SW ^ 'ALL' 'OUK 'EA=N TW*I 'ARCAIWI 'ONOMATI CRHI4, "O= POLU


<P 419A>
MALLON 'EIKO$ 'ESTIN 'ORQW$ KEISQAI 'H= TO NU*N, 'ALL' "OMOLOGHSEI2
TOI$ PROSQEN 'AGAQOI$, 'EA=N 'ANTI TOU* 'EI*4 TO 'IWTA 'APODIDWI$,
"WSPER TO PALAION; DIION GAR 'AU SHMAINEI0, 'ALL' 'OU DEON,
'TAGAQON, "OPER DH 'EPAINEI0. KAI "OUTW 'OUK 'ENANTIOUTAI 'AUTO$
"AUTWI "O TA 'ONOMATA TIQEMENO$, 'ALLA= DEON KAI 'WFELIMON
KAI LUSITELOUN KAI KERDALEON KAI 'AGAQON KAI
SUMFERON KAI 'EUPORON TO 'AUTO FAINETAI, "ETEROI$
'ONOMASI SHMAINON TO DIAKOSMOUN KAI 'ION PANTACOU 'EGKEKWMIASMENON,
<P 419B>
TO DE 'ISCON KAI DOUN YEGOMENON. KAI-DH-KAI
TO ZHMIWDE$, 'EA=N KATA THN 'ARCAIAN FWNHN 'APODWI$ 'ANTI
TOU* ZHTA DELTA, FANEITAI SOI4 KEISQAI TO 'ONOMA 'EPI TW*I
DOUNTI TO 'ION, 'EPONOMASQEN DHMIWDE$.
ERM ^ TI= DE-DH "HDONH KAI LUPH KAI 'EPIQUMIA
KAI TA TOIAUTA, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW ^ 'OU PANU CALEPA MOI FAINETAI, 'W* "ERMOGENE$. "H
TE-GAR "HDONH, "H PRO$ THN 'ONHSIN 'EOIKE0 TEINOUSA PRAXI$
TOUTO 'ECEIN TO 'ONOMA % TO DELTA DE 'EGKEITAI, "WSTE "HDONH
<P 419C>
'ANTI "HONH$ KALEITAI0 % "H TE LUPH 'APO TH$ DIALUSEW$
TOU* SWMATO$ 'EOIKEN0 'EPWNOMASQAI "HN 'EN TOUTWI TW*I PAQEI
'ISCEI0 TO SWMA. KAI "H GE 'ANIA TO 'EMPODIZON TOU* 'IENAI.
"H DE 'ALGHDWN XENIKON TI FAINETAI MOI 'APO TOU* 'ALGEINOU
'WNOMASMENON. 'ODUNH DE 'APO TH$ 'ENDUSEW$ TH$ LUPH$
KEKLHMENHI 'EOIKEN0. 'ACQHDWN DE-KAI PANTI DHLON 'APEIKASMENON
TO 'ONOMA TW*I TH$ FORA$ BAREI. CARA DE THI
DIACUSEI KAI 'EUPORIA\ TH$ "ROH$ TH$ YUCH$ 'EOIKE0 KEKLHMENHI.
<P 419D>
TERYI$ DE 'APO TOU* TERPNOU; TO DE TERPNON 'APO TH$
DIA= TH$ YUCH$ "ERYEW$ PNOHI 'APEIKASQEN KEKLHTAI, 'EN DIKHI
MEN 'AN4 "ERPNOUN KALOUMENON0, "UPO CRONOU DE TERPNON
PARHGMENON. 'EUFROSUNH DE 'OUDEN PROSDEITAI TOU* DIOTI
"RHQHNAI; PANTI GAR DHLON "OTI4 'APO TOU* 'EU TOI$ PRAGMASI
THN YUCHN SUMFERESQAI TOUTO 'ELABE TO 'ONOMA, 'EUFEROSUNHN
TO GE DIKAION; "OMW$ DE 'AUTO KALOUMEN0 'EUFROSUNHN.
'OUD' 'EPIQUMIA CALEPON; THI GAR 'EPI TON QUMON 'IOUSHI
<P 419E>
DUNAMEI DHLON "OTI4 TOUTO 'EKLHQH TO 'ONOMA. QUMO$ DE 'APO
TH$ QUSEW$ KAI ZESEW$ TH$ YUCH$ 'ECOI 'AN4 TOUTO TO 'ONOMA.
'ALLA=-MHN "IMERO$ GE TW*I MALISTA "ELKONTI THN YUCHN "RWI


<P 420A>
'EPWNOMASQH; "OTI4 GAR "IEMENO$ "REI0 KAI 'EFIEMENO$ TWN
PRAGMATWN, KAI "OUTW DH 'EPISPA*I0 SFODRA THN YUCHN DIA= THN
"ESIN TH$ "ROH$, 'APO TAUTH$ 'OUN PASH$ TH$ DUNAMEW$
"IMERO$ 'EKLHQH. KAI-MHN POQO$ 'AU KALEITAI0 SHMAINWN
'OU TOU* PARONTO$ 'EINAI "IMEROU8 TE8-KAI8 "REUMATO$8 'ALLA= TOU*
'ALLOQI POU 'ONTO$ KAI 'APONTO$, "OQEN POQO$ 'EPWNOMASTAI
"O$4 TO=TE, "OTAN PARHI5 "OU2 TI$ 'EFIETO, "IMERO$
'EKALEITO; 'APOGENOMENOU DE "O 'AUTO$ "OUTO$ POQO$ 'EKLHQH.
'ERW$ DE, "OTI4 'EISREI0 'EXWQEN KAI 'OUK 'OIKEI=A 'ESTIN "H "ROH
<P 420B>
"AU=TH TW*I 'ECONTI 'ALL' 'EPEISAKTO$ DIA= TWN 'OMMATWN, DIA=
TAUTA 'APO TOU* 'ESREIN 'ESRO$ TO GE PALAION 'EKALEITO %
TW*I GAR 'OU* 'ANTI TOU* 'W*4 'ECRWMEQA % NU*N D' 'ERW$ KEKLHTAI
DIA= THN TOU* 'W*4 'ANTI TOU* 'OU* METALLAGHN. 'ALLA= TI= 'ETI SU
LEGEI$ "OTI2 SKOPWMEN:
ERM ^ DOXA KAI TA TOIAUTA PH*I SOI4 FAINETAI:
SW ^ DOXA DH 'HTOI THI DIWXEI 'EPWNOMASTAI, "HN "H
YUCH DIWKOUSA TO 'EIDENAI "OPHI 'ECEI0 TA PRAGMATA POREUETAI,
'H= THI 'APO TOU* TOXOU BOLHI. 'EOIKE0 DE TOUTWI MALLON. "H
<P 420C>
GOUN 'OIHSI$ TOUTWI SUMFWNEI0. 'OISIN GAR TH$ YUCH$
'EPI PAN PRAGMA, "OION 'ESTIN "EKASTON TWN 'ONTWN0, DHLOUSHI
PROSEOIKEN0, "WSPER GE-KAI "H BOULH PW$ THN BOLHN, KAI
TO BOULESQAI TO 'EFIESQAI SHMAINEI0 KAI TO7 BOULEUESQAI;
PANTA TAUTA DOXHI "EPOMEN' 'ATTA FAINETAI TH$
BOLH$ 'APEIKASMATA, "WSPER 'AU KAI 'TOUNANTION "H 'ABOULIA
'ATUCIA DOKEI0 'EINAI, "W$ 'OU BALONTO$ 'OUDE TUCONTO$ "OU2 T'
'EBALLE KAI "O= 'EBOULETO KAI PERI= "OU2 'EBOULEUETO KAI "OU2 'EFIETO.
<P 420D>
ERM ^ TAUTA 'HDH MOI DOKEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$, PUKNO=TERA
'EPAGEIN.
SW ^ TELO$ GAR 'HDH QEW0. 'ANAGKHN D'-'OUN 'ETI BOULOMAI
DIAPERANAI0, "OTI4 TOUTOI$ "EXH$ 'ESTI, KAI TO "EKOUSION.
TO MEN-'OUN "EKOUSION, TO 'EIKON0 KAI MH 'ANTITUPOUN 'ALL',
"WSPER LEGW0, 'EIKON0 TW*I 'IONTI DEDHLWMENON 'AN4 'EIH TOUTWI
TW*I 'ONOMATI, TW*I KATA THN BOULHSIN GIGNOMENWI; TO DE 'ANAGKAION
KAI 'ANTITUPON, PARA THN BOULHSIN 'ON, TO PERI= THN
"AMARTIAN 'AN4 'EIH KAI 'AMAQIAN, 'APEIKASTAI DE THI KATA TA
<P 420E>
'AGKH POREIA\, "OTI4 DUSPORA KAI TRACEA KAI LA=SIA 'ONTA 'ISCEI0
TOU* 'IENAI. 'ENTEUQEN 'OUN 'ISW$ 'EKLHQH 'ANAGKAION, THI DIA=
TOU* 'AGKOU$ 'APEIKASQEN POREIA\. "EW$ DE PARESTIN "H "RWMH, MH
'ANIWMEN 'AUTHN; 'ALLA=-KAI SU MH 'ANIEI5, 'ALLA= 'ERWTA.


<P 421A>
ERM ^ 'ERWTW0 DH TA MEGISTA KAI TA KALLISTA, THN TE
'ALHQEIAN KAI TO YEUDO$ KAI TO 'ON KAI 'AUTO
TOUTO PERI= "WN NU*N "O LOGO$ "HMIN 'ESTIN, 'ONOMA, DI' "OTI2 TO
'ONOMA 'ECEI0.
SW ^ MAIESQAI 'OUN KALEI$0 TI:
ERM ^ 'EGWGE, TO GE ZHTEIN.
SW ^ 'EOIKE0 TOINUN 'EK LOGOU 'ONOMATI SUGKEKROTHMENWI,
LEGONTO$ "OTI4 TOUT' 'ESTIN 'ON, "OU2 TUGCANEI0 ZHTHMA 'ON7, TO8
'ONOMA. MALLON DE 'AN4 'AUTO GNOIH$ 'EN "WI LEGOMEN TO 'ONOMASTON;
'ENTAUQA GAR SAFW$ LEGEI0 TOUTO 'EINAI 'ON "OU2
<P 421B>
MASMA 'ESTIN. "H D' 'ALHQEIA, KAI TOUTO TOI$ 'ALLOI$ 'EOIKE0
SUGKEKROTHSQAI8; "H GAR QEI=A TOU* 'ONTO$ FORA 'EOIKE0 PROSEIRHSQAI
TOUTWI TW*I "RHMATI, THI 'ALHQEIA\, "W$ QEI=A 'OUSA 'ALH.
TO DE7 YEUDO$ 'TOUNANTION THI FORA*I; PALIN GAR 'AU LOIDOROUMENON
"HKEI0 TO 'ISCOMENON KAI TO 'ANAGKAZOMENON "HSUCAZEIN.
'APEIKASTAI DE TOI$ KAQEUDOUSI4; TO YEI DE PROSGENOMENON
'EPIKRUPTEI0 THN BOULHSIN TOU* 'ONOMATO$. TO DE 'ON KAI "H
'OUSIA "OMOLOGEI0 TW*I 'ALHQEI, TO 'IWTA 'APOLABON; 'ION GAR
<P 421C>
SHMAINEI0, KAI TO 'OUK 'ON 'AU, "W$ TINE$ KAI 'ONOMAZOUSIN0
'AUTO, 'OUK 'ION.
ERM ^ TAUTA MEN MOI DOKEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ANDREIW$ PANU
DIAKEKROTHKENAI; 'EI DE TI$ SE 'EROITO TOUTO TO 'ION KAI
TO "REON KAI TO DOUN, TI=NA 'ECEI0 'ORQOTHTA TAUTA TA
'ONOMATA %
SW ^ TI= 'AN4 'AUTWI 'APOKRINAIMEQA: LEGEI$: 'H*-GAR:
ERM ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ "EN MEN-TOINUN 'ARTI POU 'EPORISAMEQA "WSTE DOKEIN
TI LEGEIN 'APOKRINOMENOI.
ERM ^ TO POI*ON TOUTO:
SW ^ FANAI "O= 'AN4 MH GIGNWSKWMEN, BARBARIKON TI TOUT'
<P 421D>
'EINAI. 'EIH MEN-'OUN 'ISW$ 'AN4 TI THI 'ALHQEIA\ KAI TOIOUTON
'AUTWN, 'EIH DE 'KAN4 "UPO PALAIOTHTO$ TA PRWTA TWN 'ONOMATWN
'ANEURETA 'EINAI; DIA= GAR TO PANTACHI STREFESQAI TA 'ONOMATA,
'OUDEN QAUMASTON 'AN84 'EI "H PALAIA FWNH PRO$ THN NUNI
BARBARIKH$ MHDEN DIAFEREI0.
ERM ^ KAI 'OUDEN GE 'APO TROPOU LEGEI$.
SW ^ LEGW0 GAR-'OUN 'EIKOTA. 'OU-MENTOI MOI DOKEI0 PROFASEI$
'AGWN DECESQAI, 'ALLA= PROQUMHTEON TAUTA DIASKEYASQAI.
'ENQUMHQWMEN DE, 'EI TI$ 'AEI, DI' "WN 'AN4 LEGHTAI TO
<P 421E>
'ONOMA, 'EKEINA 'ANERHSETAI TA "RHMATA, KAI 'AUQI$ 'AU DI' "WN
'AN4 TA "RHMATA LECQHI, 'EKEINA PEUSETAI, KAI TOUTO MH PAUSETAI
POIW*N, 'A*R' 'OUK 'ANAGKH TELEUTWNTA 'APEIPEIN TON
'APOKRINOMENON:
ERM ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0


<P 422A>
SW ^ PO=TE 'OUN 'APEIPWN "O 'APAGOREUWN DIKAIW$ PAUOITO
'AN4: 'A*R' 'OUK 'EPEIDAN 'EP' 'EKEINOI$ GENHTAI TOI$ 'ONOMASIN, "A
"WSPEREI STOICEIA TWN 'ALLWN 'ESTI KAI LOGWN KAI 'ONOMATWN:
TAUTA GAR-POU 'OUKETI DIKAION FANHNAI 'EX 'ALLWN 'ONOMATWN
SUGKEIMENA, "AN "OUTW$ 'ECHI5. "OION NUNDH TO 'AGAQON
'EFAMEN 'EK TOU* 'AGASTOU KAI 'EK TOU* QOOU SUGKEISQAI, TO
DE QOON 'ISW$ FAIMEN 'AN4 'EX "ETERWN, 'EKEINA DE 'EX 'ALLWN;
<P 422B>
'ALL' 'EA=N POTE GE LABWMEN "O= 'OUKETI 'EK TINWN "ETERWN
SUGKEITAI 'ONOMATWN, DIKAIW$ 'AN4 FAIMEN 'EPI STOICEIWI TE
'HDH 'EINAI KAI 'OUKETI TOUTO "HMA$ DEIN 'EI$ 'A=LLA 'ONOMATA
'ANAFEREIN.
ERM ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI$ 'ORQW$ LEGEIN.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN-KAI NU*N "A G' 'ERWTA*I$0 TA 'ONOMATA STOICEIA
'ONTA TUGCANEI0, KAI DEI 'AUTWN 'ALLWI TINI TROPWI 'HDH THN
'ORQOTHTA 'EPISKEYASQAI "HTI$ 'ESTIN:
ERM ^ 'EIKO$ GE.
SW ^ 'EIKO$ DHTA, 'W* "ERMOGENE$; PANTA GOUN FAINETAI TA
<P 422C>
'EMPROSQEN 'EI$ TAUTA 'ANELHLUQENAI. 'EI DE TOUTO "OUTW$ 'ECEI0,
"W$ MOI DOKEI0 'ECEIN, DEURO 'AU SUNEPISKEYAI MET' 'EMOU4 MH
TI PARALHRHSW42 LEGWN "OIAN DEI THN TWN PRWTWN 'ONOMATWN
'ORQOTHTA 'EINAI.
ERM ^ LEGE MONON, "W$ "OSON GE DUNAMEW$ PAR' 'EMOI4 'ESTIN
SUNEPISKEYOMAI.
SW ^ "OTI4 MEN-TOINUN MIA GE TI$ "H 'ORQOTH$ PANTO$
'ONOMATO$ KAI PRWTOU KAI "USTATOU, KAI 'OUDEN DIAFEREI0 TW*I
'ONOMA 'EINAI 'OUDEN 'AUTWN, 'OIMAI KAI SOI4 SUNDOKEI0.
ERM ^ PANU GE.
<P 422D>
SW ^ 'ALLA=-MHN "WN GE NUNDH7 DIELHLUQAMEN TWN
'ONOMATWN "H 'ORQOTH$ TOIAUTH TI$ 'EBOULETO 'EINAI, "OI=A DHLOUN0
"OION "EKASTON 'ESTI TWN 'ONTWN0.
ERM ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW ^ TOUTO MEN-'A=RA 'OUDEN "HTTON KAI TA PRWTA DEI 'ECEIN
KAI TA "U=STERA, 'EIPER 'ONOMATA 'ESTAI.
ERM ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ 'ALLA= TA MEN "U=STERA, "W$ 'EOIKE0, DIA= TWN PROTERWN
"OI*A-TE-'H*N TOUTO 'APERGAZESQAI.
ERM ^ FAINETAI.
SW ^ 'EIEN; TA DE-DH PRWTA, "OI$ 'OUPW "E=TERA "UPOKEITAI,
TI=NI TROPWI KATA TO DUNATON "OTI2 MALISTA FANERA "HMIN
<P 422E>
POIHSEI2 TA 'ONTA, 'EIPER MELLEI0 'ONOMATA 'EINAI: 'APOKRINAI2 DE
MOI TODE; 'EI FWNHN MH 'EICOMEN MHDE GLWTTAN, 'EBOULOMEQA
DE DHLOUN0 'ALLHLOI$ TA PRAGMATA, 'A*R' 'OUK 'AN4, "WSPER NU*N
"OI 'ENEOI, 'EPECEIROUMEN 'AN4 SHMAINEIN TAI$ CERSI KAI KEFALHI
KAI TW*I 'ALLWI SWMATI:
ERM ^ PW*$ GAR 'AN4 'ALLW$, 'W* SWKRATE$:


<P 423A>
SW ^ 'EI MEN-G' 'OIMAI TO 'ANW KAI TO KOUFON 'EBOULOMEQA
DHLOUN0, 'HIROMEN 'AN4 PRO$ TON 'OURANON THN CEIRA, MIMOUMENOI
'AUTHN THN FUSIN TOU* PRAGMATO$; 'EI DE TA KATW KAI TA
BAREA, PRO$ THN GHN. KAI 'EI "IPPON QEONTA 'H= TI 'ALLO TWN
ZWIWN 'EBOULOMEQA DHLOUN0, 'OISQA "OTI4 "W$ "OMOIOTAT' 'AN4 TA
"HME=TERA 'AUTWN SWMATA KAI SCHMATA 'EPOIOUMEN 'EKEINOI$.
ERM ^ 'ANAGKH MOI DOKEI0 "W$ LEGEI$ 'ECEIN.
SW ^ "OUTW GAR 'AN4 'OIMAI DHLWMA TOU SWMATO$8 'EGIGNETO,
<P 423B>
MIMHSAMENOU, "W$ 'EOIKE0, TOU* SWMATO$ 'EKEINO "O= 'EBOULETO
DHLWSAI0.
ERM ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'EPEIDH DE FWNHI TE-KAI GLWTTHI KAI STOMATI BOULOMEQA
DHLOUN0, 'A*R' 'OU TO=TE "EKASTOU DHLWMA "HMIN 'ESTAI TO
'APO TOUTWN GIGNOMENON, "OTAN MIMHMA GENHTAI DIA= TOUTWN
PERI= "OTIOUN:
ERM ^ 'ANAGKH MOI DOKEI0.
SW ^ 'ONOM' 'A=R' 'ESTIN, "W$ 'EOIKE0, MIMHMA FWNHI 'EKEINOU
"O= MIMEITAI, KAI 'ONOMAZEI0 "O MIMOUMENO$ THI FWNHI "O= 'AN4
MIMHTAI.
ERM ^ DOKEI0 MOI.
<P 423C>
SW ^ MA DI=' 'ALL' 'OUK 'EMOI4 PW DOKEI0 KALW$ LEGESQAI,
'W* "ETAIRE.
ERM ^ TI= DH:
SW ^ TOU$ TA PROBATA MIMOUMENOU$ TOUTOU$ KAI TOU$
'ALEKTRUONA$ KAI TA 'A=LLA ZWIA 'ANAGKAZOIMEQ' 'AN4 "OMOLOGEIN
'ONOMAZEIN TAUTA "APER MIMOUNTAI.
ERM ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW ^ KALW$ 'OUN 'ECEIN DOKEI0 SOI4:
ERM ^ 'OUK 'EMOIGE. 'ALLA= TI=$ 'AN4, 'W* SWKRATE$, MIMHSI$
'EIH TO 'ONOMA:
SW ^ PRWTON MEN, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0, 'OUK 'EA=N KAQAPER THI
<P 423D>
MOUSIKHI MIMOUMEQA TA PRAGMATA "OUTW MIMWMEQA, KAITOI
FWNHI GE-KAI TO=TE MIMOUMEQA; 'EPEITA 'OUK 'EA=N "APER "H MOUSIKH
MIMEITAI KAI "HMEI$ MIMWMEQA, 'OU MOI DOKOUMEN 'ONOMASEIN.
LEGW0 DE-TOI TOUTO; 'ESTI TOI$ PRAGMASI FWNH KAI SCHMA
"EKASTWI, KAI CRWMA GE POLLOI$:
ERM ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ 'EOIKE0 TOINUN 'OUK 'EA=N TI$ TAUTA MIMHTAI, 'OUDE PERI=
TAUTA$ TA$ MIMHSEI$ "H TECNH "H 'ONOMASTIKH 'EINAI. "AUTAI
MEN-GAR 'EISIN "H MEN MOUSIKH, "H DE GRAFIKH; 'H*-GAR:
ERM ^ NAI.
<P 423E>
SW ^ TI= DE-DH TODE: 'OU-KAI 'OUSIA DOKEI0 SOI4 'EINAI "EKASTWI,
"WSPER KAI CRWMA KAI "A NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN: PRWTON 'AUTWI TW*I
CRWMATI KAI THI FWNHI 'OUK 'ESTIN 'OUSIA TI$ "EKATERWI 'AUTWN
KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ PASIN "OSA 'HXIWTAI TAUTH$ TH$ PROSRHSEW$,
TOU* 'EINAI:
ERM ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW ^ TI= 'OUN: 'EI TI$ 'AUTO TOUTO MIMEISQAI DUNAITO "EKASTOU,
THN 'OUSIAN, GRAMMASI TE-KAI SULLABAI$, 'A*R' 'OUK 'AN4 DHLOI3
"EKASTON "O= 'ESTIN: 'H= 'OU=:


<P 424A>
ERM ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ KAI TI= 'AN4 FAIH$ TON TOUTO DUNAMENON, "WSPER TOU$
PROTEROU$ TON MEN MOUSIKON 'EFHSQA, TON DE TINA8 GRAFIKON.
TOUTON DE TI=NA:
ERM ^ TOUTO 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OPER PALAI
ZHTOUMEN, "OUTO$ 'AN4 'EINAI "O 'ONOMASTIKO$.
SW ^ 'EI 'A=RA TOUTO 'ALHQE$, 'HDH 'EOIKEN0 'EPISKEPTEON PERI=
'EKEINWN TWN 'ONOMATWN "WN SU 'HROU, PERI= "ROH$ TE-KAI TOU*
'IENAI KAI SCESEW$, 'EI TOI$ GRAMMASI KAI TAI$ SULLABAI$
<P 424B>
TOU* 'ONTO$ 'EPILAMBANETAI 'AUTWN "WSTE 'APOMIMEISQAI THN
'OUSIAN, 'EI=TE-KAI 'OU=:
ERM ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ FERE DH 'IDWMEN POTERON 'A=RA TAUTA MONA 'ESTI TWN
PRWTWN 'ONOMATWN 'H=-KAI 'A=LLA POLLA.
ERM ^ 'OIMAI 'EGWGE KAI 'A=LLA.
SW ^ 'EIKO$ GAR. 'ALLA= TI=$ 'AN4 'EIH "O TROPO$ TH$ DIAIRESEW$
"OQEN 'ARCETAI MIMEISQAI "O MIMOUMENO$: 'A*RA 'OUK 'EPEIPER
SULLABAI$ TE-KAI GRAMMASIN "H MIMHSI$ TUGCANEI0 'OUSA TH$
'OUSIA$, 'ORQOTATON 'ESTI DIELESQAI TA STOICEIA PRWTON, "WSPER
<P 424C>
"OI 'EPICEIROUNTE$ TOI$ "RUQMOI$ TWN STOICEIWN PRWTON TA$
DUNAMEI$ DIEILONTO, 'EPEITA TWN SULLABWN, KAI "OUTW$ 'HDH
'ERCONTAI 'EPI TOU$ "RUQMOU$ SKEYOMENOI, PROTERON D' 'OU=:
ERM ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN-KAI "HMA$ "OUTW DEI PRWTON MEN TA FWNHENTA
DIELESQAI, 'EPEITA TWN "ETERWN KATA 'EIDH TA TE 'AFWNA KAI
'AFQOGGA % "OUTWSI GAR-POU LEGOUSIN0 "OI DEINOI PERI= TOUTWN %
KAI TA 'AU FWNHENTA MEN 'OU=, 'OU-MENTOI-GE 'AFQOGGA: KAI
'AUTWN TWN FWNHENTWN "OSA DIAFORA 'EIDH 'ECEI0 'ALLHLWN: KAI
<P 424D>
'EPEIDAN TAUTA DIELWMEQA TA8 'ONTA8 'EU PANTA 'AU "OI$ DEI 'ONOMATA
'EPIQEINAI0, 'EI 'ESTIN 'EI$ "A 'ANAFERETAI PANTA "WSPER TA
STOICEIA, 'EX "WN 'ESTIN2 'IDEIN 'AUTA TE-KAI 'EI 'EN 'AUTOI$ 'ENESTIN
'EIDH KATA TON 'AUTON TROPON "WSPER 'EN TOI$ STOICEIOI$; TAUTA
PANTA KALW$ DIAQEASAMENOU$ 'EPISTASQAI 'EPIFEREIN "EKASTON
KATA THN "OMOIOTHTA, 'EANTE "EN "ENI DEHI5 'EPIFEREIN, 'EANTE
SUGKERANNUNTA POLLA "ENI8, "WSPER "OI ZWGRAFOI BOULOMENOI
'AFOMOIOUN0 'ENIOTE MEN 'OSTREON MONON 'EPHNEGKAN, 'ENIOTE DE
<P 424E>
"OTIOUN 'ALLO TWN FARMAKWN, 'ESTI DE "OTE POLLA SUGKERASANTE$,
"OION "OTAN 'ANDREIKELON SKEUAZWSIN 'H= 'ALLO TI TWN
TOIOUTWN % "W$ 'AN4 'OIMAI DOKHI5 "EKASTH "H 'EIKWN DEISQAI "EKASTOU
FARMAKOU % "OUTW DH-KAI "HMEI$ TA STOICEIA 'EPI TA PRAGMATA
'EPOISOMEN, KAI "EN 'EPI "EN, "OU4 'AN4 DOKHI5 DEIN, KAI SUMPOLLA,
POIOUNTE$ "O= DH SULLABA$ KALOUSIN0, KAI SULLABA$ 'AU SUNTIQENTE$,


<P 425A>
'EX "WN TA TE 'ONOMATA KAI TA "RHMATA SUNTIQENTAI; KAI
PALIN 'EK TWN 'ONOMATWN KAI "RHMATWN MEGA 'HDH TI KAI KALON
KAI "OLON SUSTHSOMEN, "WSPER 'EKEI TO ZWION THI GRAFIKHI,
'ENTAUQA TON LOGON THI 'ONOMASTIKHI 'H= "RHTORIKHI 'H= "HTI$ 'ESTIN
"H TECNH. MALLON DE 'OUC "HMEI$, 'ALLA= LEGWN 'EXHNECQHN.
SUNEQESAN MEN-GAR "OUTW$ "HIPER SUGKEITAI "OI PALAIOI; "HMA$
DE DEI, 'EIPER TECNIKW$ 'EPISTHSOMEQA SKOPEISQAI 'AUTA PANTA
<P 425B>
"OUTW DIELOMENOU$, 'EI=TE KATA TROPON TA TE PRWTA 'ONOMATA
KEITAI KAI TA "U=STERA 'EI=TE MH, "OUTW QEASQAI; 'ALLW$ DE
SUNEIREIN MH FAULON 'HI KAI 'OU KAQ' "ODON, 'W* FILE "ERMOGENE$.
ERM ^ 'ISW$ NH DI=', 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ TI= 'OUN: SU PISTEUEI$ SAUTWI "OIO$-T' 'AN4 'EINAI TAUTA
"OUTW DIELESQAI: 'EGW MEN-GAR 'OU=:
ERM ^ POLLOU 'A=RA DEW0 'EGWGE.
SW ^ 'EASOMEN 'OUN, 'H= BOULEI "OUTW$ "OPW$ 'AN4 DUNWMEQA,
KAI 'AN2 SMIKRON TI 'AUTWN "OIOI-T'-'WMEN KATIDEIN, 'EPICEIRWMEN,
<P 425C>
PROEIPONTE$, "WSPER 'OLIGON PROTERON TOI$ QEOI$, "OTI4 'OUDEN
'EIDOTE$ TH$ 'ALHQEIA$ TA TWN 'ANQRWPWN DOGMATA PERI= 'AUTWN
'EIKAZOMEN, "OUTW DE-KAI NU*N 'AU 'EIPONTE$ "HMIN8 'AUTOI$ 'IWMEN,
"OTI4 'EI MEN TI CRHN 'EDEI8 'AUTA DIELESQAI 'EI=TE 'ALLON "ONTINOUN
'EI=TE "HMA$, "OUTW$ 'EDEI 'AUTA DIAIREISQAI, NU*N DE TO LEGOMENON
KATA DUNAMIN DEHSEI2 "HMA$ PERI= 'AUTWN PRAGMATEUESQAI: DOKEI0
TAUTA, 'H= PW*$ LEGEI$:
ERM ^ PANU MEN-'OUN SFODRA 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
<P 425D>
SW ^ GELOI*A MEN 'OIMAI FANEISQAI, 'W* "ERMOGENE$, GRAMMASI
KAI SULLABAI$ TA PRAGMATA MEMIMHMENA KATADHLA GIGNOMENA;
"OMW$ DE 'ANAGKH. 'OU-GAR 'ECOMEN TOUTOU BELTION 'EI$
"OTI2 'EPANENEGKWMEN PERI= 'ALHQEIA$ TWN PRWTWN 'ONOMATWN,
'EI MH 'A=RA BOULEI7, "WSPER "OI TRAGWIDOPOIOI 'EPEIDAN TI
'APORWSIN 'EPI TA$ MHCANA$ KATAFEUGOUSI0 QEOU$ 'AIRONTE$,
KAI "HMEI$ "OUTW$ 'EIPONTE$ 'APALLAGWMEN, "OTI4 TA PRWTA
'ONOMATA "OI QEOI 'EQESAN KAI DIA= TAUTA 'ORQW$ 'ECEI0. 'A*RA-KAI
<P 425E>
"HMIN KRATISTO$ "OUTO$ TWN LOGWN: 'H= 'EKEINO$, "OTI4 PARA
BARBARWN TINWN 'AUTA PAREILHFAMEN, 'EISI DE "HMWN 'ARCAIOTEROI
BARBAROI: 'H= "OTI4 "UPO PALAIOTHTO$ 'ADUNATON 'AUTA


<P 426A>
'EPISKEYASQAI, "WSPER KAI TA BARBARIKA: "AUTAI GAR 'AN4
PASAI 'EKDUSEI$ 'EIEN KAI MALA KOMYAI TW*I MH 'EQELONTI LOGON
DIDONAI PERI= TWN PRWTWN 'ONOMATWN "W$ 'ORQW$ KEITAI. KAITOI
"OTWI TI$ TROPWI TWN PRWTWN 'ONOMATWN THN 'ORQOTHTA MH 'OIDEN,
'ADUNATON POU TWN GE "USTERWN 'EIDENAI, "A 'EX 'EKEINWN 'ANAGKH
DHLOUSQAI "WN TI$ PE=RI MHDEN 'OIDEN; 'ALLA= DHLON "OTI4 TON
FASKONTA PERI= 'AUTWN TECNIKON 'EINAI PERI= TWN PRWTWN
<P 426B>
'ONOMATWN MALISTA TE-KAI KAQARWTATA DEI 'ECEIN 'APODEIXAI0,
'H= 'EU 'EIDENAI "OTI4 TA GE "U=STERA 'HDH FLUARHSEI2. 'H= SOI4 'ALLW$
DOKEI0:
ERM ^ 'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALLW$.
SW ^ "A MEN-TOINUN 'EGW 'HISQHMAI PERI= TWN PRWTWN 'ONOMATWN
PANU MOI DOKEI0 "UBRISTIKA 'EINAI KAI GELOI*A. TOUTWN
'OUN SOI4 METADWSW2, 'AN2 BOULHI3; SU D' 'AN2 TI 'ECHI$ BELTION
POQEN LABEIN, PEIRASQAI KAI 'EMOI4 METADIDONAI.
ERM ^ POIHSW2 TAUTA. 'ALLA= QARRWN LEGE.
<P 426C>
SW ^ PRWTON MEN-TOINUN TO "RW 'EMOIGE FAINETAI "WSPER
'ORGANON 'EINAI PASH$ TH$ KINHSEW$, "HN 'OUD' 'EIPOMEN DI' "OTI2
'ECEI0 TOUTO 'TOUNOMA; 'ALLA=-GAR DHLON "OTI4 "ESI$ BOULETAI
'EINAI; 'OU-GAR 'HTA 'ECRWMEQA 'ALLA= 'EI*4 TO PALAION. "H DE
'ARCH 'APO TOU* KIEIN % XENIKON DE 'TOUNOMA % TOUTO D' 'ESTIN
'IENAI. 'EI 'OUN TI$ TO PALAION 'AUTH$ "EUROI 'ONOMA 'EI$ THN
"HMETERAN FWNHN SUMBAINON, "ESI$ 'AN4 'ORQW$ KALOITO0; NU*N
DE 'APO TE TOU* XENIKOU TOU* KIEIN KAI 'APO TH$ TOU* 'HTA METABOLH$
KAI TH$ TOU* NU 'ENQESEW$ KINHSI$ KEKLHTAI, 'EDEI
<P 426D>
DE KIEINHSIN KALEISQAI0 'H=8 'EI*SIN8. "H DE STASI$ 'APOFASI$
TOU* 'IENAI BOULETAI 'EINAI, DIA= DE TON KALLWPISMON STASI$
'WNOMASTAI. TO DE-'OUN "RW TO STOICEION, "WSPER LEGW0,
KALON 'EDOXEN 'ORGANON 'EINAI TH$ KINHSEW$ TW*I TA 'ONOMATA
TIQEMENWI PRO$ TO 'AFOMOIOUN0 THI FORA*I, POLLACOU GOUN CRHTAI0
'AUTWI 'EI$ 'AUTHN; PRWTON MEN 'EN 'AUTWI TW*I "REIN KAI "ROHI
DIA= TOUTOU TOU* GRAMMATO$ THN FORAN MIMEITAI, 'EITA 'EN TW*I
<P 426E>
TROMWI, 'EITA 'EN TW*I TRECEIN, 'ETI DE 'EN TOI$ TOIOISDE
"RHMASIN "OION KROUEIN, QRAUEIN, 'EREIKEIN, QRUPTEIN,
KERMATIZEIN, "RUMBEIN, PANTA TAUTA TO POLU 'APEIKAZEI0
DIA= TOU* "RW. "EWRA7 GAR 'OIMAI THN GLWTTAN 'EN TOUTWI "HKISTA
MENOUSAN, MALISTA DE SEIOMENHN; DIO FAINETAI MOI TOUTWI
PRO$ TAUTA KATAKECRHSQAI. TW*I DE 'AU 'IWTA PRO$ TA LEPTA
PANTA, "A DH MALISTA DIA= PANTWN 'IOI 'AN4. DIA= TAUTA TO


<P 427A>
'IENAI KAI TO "IESQAI DIA= TOU* 'IWTA 'APOMIMEITAI, "WSPER
GE DIA= TOU* FEI KAI TOU* YEI KAI TOU* SIGMA KAI TOU* ZHTA, "OTI4
PNEUMATWDH TA GRAMMATA, PANTA TA TOIAUTA MEMIMHTAI
'AUTOI$ 'ONOMAZWN, "OION TO YUCRON KAI TO ZEON KAI TO
SEIESQAI KAI "OLW$ SEISMON. KAI "OTAN POU TO FUSWDE$
MIMHTAI, PANTACOU 'ENTAUQA "W$ TO POLU TA TOIAUTA GRAMMATA
'EPIFEREIN FAINETAI "O TA 'ONOMATA TIQEMENO$. TH$ D' 'AU TOU*
DELTA SUMPIESEW$ KAI TOU* TAU KAI 'APEREISEW$ TH$ GLWTTH$
<P 427B>
THN DUNAMIN CRHSIMON FAINETAI "HGHSASQAI PRO$ THN MIMHSIN
TOU* DESMOU KAI TH$ STASEW$. "OTI4 DE 'OLISQANEI0 MALISTA
'EN TW*I LABDA "H GLWTTA KATIDWN, 'AFOMOIWN 'WNOMASE TA TE
LEI*A KAI 'AUTO TO 'OLISQANEIN KAI TO LIPARON KAI
TO KOLLWDE$ KAI 'TALLA PANTA TA TOIAUTA. "HI DE 'OLISQANOUSH$
TH$ GLWTTH$ 'ANTILAMBANETAI "H TOU* GAMMA DUNAMI$,
TO GLISCRON 'APEMIMHSATO KAI GLUKU KAI GLOIWDE$.
<P 427C>
TOU* D' 'AU NU TO 'EISW 'AISQOMENO$ TH$ FWNH$, TO 'ENDON
KAI TA 'ENTO$ 'WNOMASEN, "W$ 'AFOMOIWN TOI$ GRAMMASI TA
'ERGA. TO D' 'AU 'ALFA TW*I MEGALWI 'APEDWKE, KAI TW*I
MHKEI TO 'HTA, "OTI4 MEGALA TA GRAMMATA. 'EI$ DE TO
GOGGULON TOU* 'OU* DEOMENO$ SHMEIOU, TOUTO PLEISTON 'AUTWI
'EI$ TO 'ONOMA 'ENEKERASEN. KAI 'TALLA "OUTW FAINETAI PROSBIBAZEIN
KAI KATA GRAMMATA KAI KATA SULLABA$ "EKASTWI TWN
'ONTWN0 SHMEION TE-KAI 'ONOMA POIW*N "O NOMOQETH$, 'EK DE TOUTWN
TA LOIPA 'HDH 'AUTOI$ TOUTOI$ SUNTIQENAI 'APOMIMOUMENO$. "AU=TH
<P 427D>
MOI FAINETAI, 'W* "ERMOGENE$, BOULESQAI 'EINAI "H TWN 'ONOMATWN
'ORQOTH$, 'EI MH TI 'ALLO KRATULO$ "ODE LEGEI0.
ERM ^ KAI-MHN, 'W* SWKRATE$, POLLA GE MOI POLLAKI$
PRAGMATA PARECEI0 KRATULO$, "WSPER KAT' 'ARCA$ 'ELEGON,
FASKWN MEN 'EINAI 'ORQOTHTA 'ONOMATWN, "HTI$ D' 'ESTIN 'OUDEN
SAFE$ LEGWN, "WSTE ME MH DUNASQAI 'EIDENAI POTERON "EKWN 'H=
'AKWN "OUTW$ 'ASAFW$ "EKASTOTE PERI= 'AUTWN LEGEI0. NU*N 'OUN
<P 427E>
MOI, 'W* KRATULE, 'ENANTION SWKRATOU$ 'EIPE= POTERON 'ARESKEI0
SOI4 "HI LEGEI0 SWKRATH$ PERI= 'ONOMATWN, 'H= 'ECEI$ PHI 'ALLHI
KALLION LEGEIN: KAI 'EI 'ECEI$, LEGE, "INA 'HTOI MAQHI$ PARA
SWKRATOU$ 'H= DIDAXHI$ "HMA$ 'AMFOTEROU$.
KR ^ TI= DE, 'W* "ERMOGENE$: DOKEI0 SOI4 "RA\DION 'EINAI "OUTW
TACU MAQEIN TE-KAI DIDAXAI0 "OTIOUN PRAGMA, MH-"OTI4 TOSOUTON,
"O= DH DOKEI0 'EN TOI$ MEGISTOI$8 MEGISTON 'EINAI:


<P 428A>
ERM ^ MA DI=', 'OUK 'EMOIGE. 'ALLA= TO TOU* "HSIODOU
KALW$ MOI FAINETAI 'ECEIN, TO 'EI9 KAI9 TI$ SMIKRON9 'EPI9 SMIKRWI9
KATAQEIH1, PROURGOU 'EINAI. 'EI 'OUN-KAI SMIKRON TI "OIO$-T'-'EI*
PLEON POIHSAI0, MH 'APOKAMNE 'ALL' 'EUERGETEI5 KAI SWKRATH
TONDE % DIKAIO$ D' 'EI*0 % KAI 'EME.
SW ^ KAI-MEN-DH 'EGWGE KAI 'AUTO$, 'W* KRATULE, 'OUDEN 'AN4
'ISCURISAIMHN "WN 'EIRHKA, "HI DE MOI 'EFAINETO MEQ' "ERMOGENOU$
'EPESKEYAMHN, "WSTE TOUTOU GE "ENEKA QARRWN LEGE, 'EI TI
<P 428B>
'ECEI$ BELTION, "W$ 'EMOU4 'ENDEXOMENOU. 'EI MENTOI 'ECEI$ TI SU
KALLION TOUTWN LEGEIN, 'OUK 'AN4 QAUMAZOIMI; DOKEI$ GAR MOI
'AUTO$ TE 'ESKEFQAI TA TOIAUTA KAI PAR' 'ALLWN MEMAQHKENAI.
'EA=N 'OUN LEGHI$ TI KALLION, "ENA TWN MAQHTWN PERI= 'ORQOTHTO$
'ONOMATWN KAI 'EME GRAFOU.
KR ^ 'ALLA=-MEN-DH, 'W* SWKRATE$, "WSPER SU LEGEI$,
MEMELHKEN0 TE MOI PERI= 'AUTWN KAI 'ISW$ 'AN4 SE POIHSAIMHN
<P 428C>
MAQHTHN. FOBOUMAI MENTOI MH TOUTOU PAN 'TOUNANTION 'HI,
"OTI4 MOI PW$ 'EPERCETAI LEGEIN PRO$ SE TO TOU* 'ACILLEW$,
"O= 'EKEINO$ 'EN LITAI$ PRO$ TON 'AIANTA LEGEI0. FHSI DE
'AIAN9 DIOGENE$9 TELAMWNIE9, KOIRANE9 LAWN9,
PANTA9 TI9 MOI9 KATA9 QUMON9 'EEISW1 MUQHSASQAI9.
KAI 'EMOI4 SU, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EPIEIKW$ FAINHI0 KATA NOUN CRHSMWIDEIN,
'EI=TE PAR' 'EUQUFRONO$ 'EPIPNOU$ GENOMENO$, 'EI=TE-KAI
'ALLH TI$ MOUSA PALAI SE 'ENOUSA 'ELELHQEI.
<P 428D>
SW ^ 'WGAQE KRATULE, QAUMAZW0 KAI 'AUTO$ PALAI THN
'EMAUTOU SOFIAN KAI 'APISTW0. DOKEI0 'OUN MOI CRHNAI0 'EPANASKEYASQAI
TI= KAI LEGW0. TO GAR 'EXAPATASQAI 'AUTON "UF'
"AUTOU PANTWN CALEPWTATON; "OTAN GAR-MHDE SMIKRON 'APOSTATHI5
'ALL' 'AEI PARHI5 "O 'EXAPATHSWN, PW*$ 'OU DEINON: DEI DH,
"W$ 'EOIKE0, QAMA METASTREFESQAI 'EPI TA PROEIRHMENA, KAI
PEIRASQAI, TO 'EKEINOU TOU* POIHTOU, BLEPEIN "AMA9 PROSSW9
KAI9 'OPISSW9. KAI-DH-KAI NUNI "HMEI$ 'IDWMEN TI= "HMIN 'EIRHTAI.
<P 428E>
'ONOMATO$, FAMEN, 'ORQOTH$ 'ESTIN "AU=TH, "HTI$ 'ENDEIXETAI "OION
'ESTI TO PRAGMA; TOUTO FWMEN "IKANW$ 'EIRHSQAI:
KR ^ 'EMOI4 MEN DOKEI0 PANU SFODRA, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ DIDASKALIA$ 'A=RA "ENEKA TA 'ONOMATA LEGETAI:
KR ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N FWMEN KAI TAUTHN TECNHN 'EINAI KAI DHMIOURGOU$
'AUTH$:
KR ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ TI=NA$:


<P 429A>
KR ^ "OUSPER SU KAT' 'ARCA$ 'ELEGE$, TOU$ NOMOQETA$.
SW ^ POTERON 'OUN-KAI TAUTHN FWMEN THN TECNHN 'EN TOI$
'ANQRWPOI$ 'EGGIGNESQAI "WSPER KAI TA$ 'ALLA$ 'H= MH: BOULOMAI
DE LEGEIN TO TOIONDE. ZWGRAFOI 'EISIN POU "OI MEN CEIROU$,
"OI DE 'AMEINOU$:
KR ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N "OI MEN 'AMEINOU$ TA "AUTWN 'ERGA KALLIW
PARECONTAI, TA ZWIA, "OI DE FAULO=TERA: KAI 'OIKODOMOI "WSAUTW$
"OI MEN KALLIOU$ TA$ 'OIKIA$ 'ERGAZONTAI, "OI DE 'AISCIOU$:
KR ^ NAI.
<P 429B>
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN-KAI NOMOQETAI "OI MEN KALLIW TA 'ERGA8
"AUTWN PARECONTAI, "OI DE 'AISCIW:
KR ^ 'OU MOI DOKEI0 TOUTO 'ETI.
SW ^ 'OUK-'A=RA DOKOUSI0 SOI4 NOMOI "OI MEN BELTIOU$, "OI DE
FAULOTEROI 'EINAI:
KR ^ 'OU-DHTA.
SW ^ 'OUDE-DH 'ONOMA, "W$ 'EOIKE0, DOKEI0 SOI4 KEISQAI TO MEN
CEIRON, TO DE 'AMEINON:
KR ^ 'OU-DHTA.
SW ^ PANTA 'A=RA TA 'ONOMATA 'ORQW$ KEITAI:
KR ^ "OSA GE 'ONOMATA 'ESTIN.
SW ^ TI= 'OUN: "O= KAI 'ARTI 'ELEGETO, "ERMOGENEI TWIDE POTERON
<P 429C>
MHDE 'ONOMA TOUTO KEISQAI FWMEN, 'EI MH TI 'AUTWI "ERMOU
GENESEW$ PROSHKEI0, 'H= KEISQAI MEN, 'OU-MENTOI 'ORQW$ GE:
KR ^ 'OUDE KEISQAI 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALLA= DOKEIN
KEISQAI, 'EINAI DE "ETEROU TOUTO 'TOUNOMA, "OUPER2 KAI "H FUSI$
"H8 TO8 'ONOMA8 DHLOUSA8.
SW ^ POTERON 'OUDE YEUDETAI "OTAN TI$ FHI5 "ERMOGENH
'AUTON 'EINAI: MH-GAR-'OUDE TOUTO 'AU 'HI, TO TOUTON FANAI
"ERMOGENH 'EINAI, 'EI MH 'ESTIN:
KR ^ PW*$ LEGEI$:
<P 429D>
SW ^ 'A*RA "OTI4 YEUDH LEGEIN TO PARAPAN 'OUK 'ESTIN20, 'A*RA
TOUTO SOI4 DUNATAI "O LOGO$: SUCNOI GAR TINE$ "OI LEGONTE$,
'W* FILE KRATULE, KAI NU*N KAI PALAI.
KR ^ PW*$ GAR 'AN4, 'W* SWKRATE$, LEGWN GE TI$ TOUTO
"O= LEGEI0, MH TO 'ON LEGOI: 'H= 'OU TOUTO 'ESTIN TO YEUDH LEGEIN,
TO MH TA 'ONTA LEGEIN:
SW ^ KOMYOTERO$ MEN "O LOGO$ 'H= KAT' 'EME KAI KATA
THN 'EMHN "HLIKIAN, 'W* "ETAIRE. "OMW$ MENTOI 'EIPE= MOI TOSONDE;
<P 429E>
POTERON LEGEIN MEN 'OU DOKEI0 SOI4 'EINAI20 YEUDH, FANAI DE:
KR ^ 'OU MOI DOKEI0 'OUDE FANAI.
SW ^ 'OUDE 'EIPEIN 'OUDE PROSEIPEIN: "OION 'EI TI$ 'APANTHSA$
SOI4 'EPI XENIA$, LABOMENO$ TH$ CEIRO$ 'EIPOI; CAIRE, 'W* XENE
'AQHNAIE, "UE SMIKRIWNO$ "ERMOGENE$, "OUTO$ LEXEIEN 'AN4
TAUTA 'H= FAIH 'AN4 TAUTA 'H= 'EIPOI 'AN4 TAUTA 'H= PROSEIPOI 'AN4
"OUTW SE MEN 'OU=, "ERMOGENH DE TONDE: 'H= 'OUDENA:
KR ^ 'EMOI4 MEN DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALLW$ 'AN4 "OUTO$ TAUTA
FQEGXASQAI.


<P 430A>
SW ^ 'ALL' 'AGAPHTON KAI TOUTO. POTERON GAR 'ALHQH 'AN4
FQEGXAITO TAUTA "O FQEGXAMENO$ 'H= YEUDH: 'H= TO MEN TI
'AUTWN 'ALHQE$, TO DE YEUDO$: KAI-GAR 'AN4 KAI TOUTO 'EXARKOI.
KR ^ YOFEIN 'EGWG' 'AN4 FAIHN TON TOIOUTON, MATHN 'AUTON
"EAUTON KINOUNTA, "WSPER 'AN4 'EI TI$ CALKION KINHSEIE KROUSA$.
SW ^ FERE DH, 'EA=N PHI DIALLACQWMEN, 'W* KRATULE; 'A*R'
'OUK 'ALLO MEN 'AN4 FAIH$ TO 'ONOMA 'EINAI, 'ALLO DE 'EKEINO "OU2
TO 'ONOMA 'ESTIN:
KR ^ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TO 'ONOMA "OMOLOGEI$ MIMHMA TI 'EINAI TOU*
<P 430B>
PRAGMATO$:
KR ^ PANTWN MALISTA.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TA ZWGRAFHMATA TROPON TINA 'ALLON
LEGEI$ MIMHMATA 'EINAI PRAGMATWN TINWN:
KR ^ NAI.
SW ^ FERE DH % 'ISW$ GAR 'EGW 'OU MANQANW0 "ATTA POT'
'ESTIN "A LEGEI$, SU DE TAC' 'AN4 'ORQW$ LEGOI$ % 'ESTI2 DIANEIMAI0
KAI PROSENEGKEIN TAUTA 'AMFO=TERA TA MIMHMATA, TA
TE ZWGRAFHMATA 'KAKEINA TA 'ONOMATA, TOI$ PRAGMASIN "WN
MIMHMATA 'ESTIN, 'H= 'OU=:
<P 430C>
KR ^ 'ESTIN2.
SW ^ PRWTON MEN-DH SKOPEI5 TODE. 'A*R' 'AN4 TI$ THN MEN
TOU* 'ANDRO$ 'EIKONA TW*I 'ANDRI 'APODOIH, THN DE TH$ GUNAIKO$ THI
GUNAIKI, KAI 'TALLA "OUTW$:
KR ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'TOUNANTION THN MEN TOU* 'ANDRO$ THI GUNAIKI,
THN DE TH$ GUNAIKO$ TW*I 'ANDRI:
KR ^ 'ESTI KAI TAUTA.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN "AUTAI "AI DIANOMAI 'AMFOTERAI 'ORQAI, 'H= "H
"ETE=RA:
KR ^ "H "ETE=RA.
SW ^ "H= 4 'AN4 "EKASTWI 'OIMAI TO PROSHKON0 TE-KAI TO "OMOION
'APODIDWI0.
KR ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
<P 430D>
SW ^ "INA TOINUN MH MACWMEQA 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$ 'EGW TE-KAI
SU FILOI 'ONTE$, 'APODEXAI2 MOU "O= LEGW0. THN TOIAUTHN GAR,
'W* "ETAIRE, KALW0 'EGWGE DIANOMHN 'EP' 'AMFOTEROI$ MEN TOI$
MIMHMASIN, TOI$ TE ZWIOI$ KAI TOI$ 'ONOMASIN, 'ORQHN, 'EPI DE
TOI$ 'ONOMASI PRO$ TW*I 'ORQHN KAI 'ALHQH; THN D' "ETERAN, THN
TOU* 'ANOMOIOU DOSIN TE-KAI 'EPIFORAN, 'OUK 'ORQHN, KAI YEUDH
"OTAN 'EP' 'ONOMASIN 'HI.
KR ^ 'ALL' "OPW$ MH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EN MEN TOI$ ZWGRAFHMASIN
<P 430E>
'HI TOUTO, TO MH 'ORQW$ DIANEMEIN0, 'EPI DE TOI$ 'ONOMASIN
'OU=, 'ALL' 'ANAGKAION 'HI 'AEI 'ORQW$.
SW ^ PW*$ LEGEI$: TI= TOUTO 'EKEINOU DIAFEREI0: 'A*R' 'OUK
'ESTI2 PROSELQONTA 'ANDRI TWI 'EIPEIN "OTI4 TOUTI 'ESTI SON
GRAMMA, KAI DEIXAI0 'AUTWI 'AN2 MEN TUCHI6, 'EKEINOU 'EIKONA, 'AN2
DE TUCHI6, GUNAIKO$: TO DE DEIXAI0 LEGW0 'EI$ THN TWN 'OFQALMWN
'AISQHSIN KATASTHSAI0.
KR ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ TI= DE: PALIN 'AUTWI TOUTWI PROSELQONTA 'EIPEIN "OTI4
TOUTI 'ESTIN SON 'ONOMA: 'ESTI DE-POU-KAI TO 'ONOMA MIMHMA
"WSPER TO ZWGRAFHMA. TOUTO DH LEGW0; 'A*R' 'OUK 'AN4 'EIH2 'AUTWI


<P 431A>
'EIPEIN "OTI4 TOUTI 'ESTI SON 'ONOMA, KAI META TOUTO 'EI$ THN
TH$ 'AKOH$ 'AU 'AISQHSIN KATASTHSAI0, 'AN2 MEN TUCHI6, TO 'EKEINOU
MIMHMA, 'EIPONTA "OTI4 'ANHR, 'AN2 DE TUCHI6, TO TOU* QHLEO$ TOU*
'ANQRWPINOU GENOU$, 'EIPONTA "OTI4 GUNH: 'OU DOKEI0 SOI4 TOUTO
"OION-T'-'EINAI KAI GIGNESQAI 'ENIOTE:
KR ^ 'EQELW0 SOI4, 'W* SWKRATE$, SUGCWRHSAI0 KAI 'ESTW "OUTW$.
SW ^ KALW$ GE SU POIW*N, 'W* FILE, 'EI 'ESTI TOUTO "OUTW$;
'OUDEN GAR DEI NU*N PANU DIAMACESQAI PERI= 'AUTOU4. 'EI D'-'OUN
<P 431B>
'ESTI TOIAUTH TI$ DIANOMH KAI 'ENTAUQA, TO MEN "ETERON TOUTWN
'ALHQEUEIN BOULOMEQA KALEIN0, TO D' "ETERON YEUDESQAI. 'EI DE
TOUTO "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, KAI 'ESTI2 MH 'ORQW$ DIANEMEIN0 TA 'ONOMATA
MHDE 'APODIDONAI TA PROSHKONTA "EKASTWI, 'ALL' 'ENIOTE TA MH
PROSHKONTA, 'EIH2 'AN4 KAI "RHMATA 'TAUTON TOUTO POIEIN. 'EI DE
"RHMATA KAI 'ONOMATA 'ESTIN2 "OUTW TIQENAI, 'ANAGKH KAI LOGOU$;
<P 431C>
LOGOI GAR-POU, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, "H TOUTWN SUNQESI$ 'ESTIN; 'H= PW*$
LEGEI$, 'W* KRATULE:
KR ^ "OUTW; KALW$ GAR MOI DOKEI$ LEGEIN.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EI GRAMMASIN 'AU TA PRWTA 'ONOMATA 'APEIKAZOMEN,
'ESTIN2 "WSPER 'EN TOI$ ZWGRAFHMASIN KAI PANTA TA
PROSHKONTA CRWMATA TE-KAI SCHMATA 'APODOUNAI0, KAI MH
PANTA 'AU, 'ALL' 'ENIA 'ELLEIPEIN, 'ENIA DE KAI PROSTIQENAI, KAI
PLEIW KAI MEIZW; 'H= 'OUK 'ESTIN2:
KR ^ 'ESTIN2.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N "O MEN 'APODIDOU$ PANTA KALA TA GRAMMATA
TE-KAI TA$ 'EIKONA$ 'APODIDWSIN0, "O DE 'H= PROSTIQEI=$ 'H= 'AFAIRWN
GRAMMATA MEN-KAI 'EIKONA$ 'ERGAZETAI KAI "OUTO$, 'ALLA=
PONHRA$:
<P 431D>
KR ^ NAI.
SW ^ TI= DE "O DIA= TWN SULLABWN TE-KAI GRAMMATWN THN
'OUSIAN TWN PRAGMATWN 'APOMIMOUMENO$: 'A*RA 'OU KATA TON
'AUTON LOGON, 'AN2 MEN PANTA 'APODWI0 TA PROSHKONTA, KALH
"H 'EIKWN 'ESTAI % TOUTO D' 'ESTIN 'ONOMA % 'EA=N DE SMIKRA
'ELLEIPHI5 'H= PROSTIQHI5 'ENIOTE, 'EIKWN MEN GENHSETAI, KALH DE
'OU=: "WSTE TA MEN KALW$ 'EIRGASMENA-'ESTAI TWN 'ONOMATWN, TA
DE KAKW$:
KR ^ 'ISW$.
<P 431E>
SW ^ 'ISW$ 'A=RA 'ESTAI "O MEN 'AGAQO$ DHMIOURGO$ 'ONOMATWN,
"O DE KAKO$:
KR ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N TOUTWI "O NOMOQETH$ 'H*N 'ONOMA.
KR ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'ISW$ 'A=RA NH DI=' 'ESTAI, "WSPER 'EN TAI$ 'ALLAI$
TECNAI$, KAI NOMOQETH$ "O MEN 'AGAQO$, "O DE KAKO$, 'EANPER
TA 'EMPROSQEN 'EKEINA "OMOLOGHQHI "HMIN.
KR ^ 'ESTI TAUTA. 'ALL' "ORA*I$0, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OTAN TAUTA
TA GRAMMATA, TO TE 'ALFA KAI TO BHTA KAI "EKASTON TWN
STOICEIWN, TOI$ 'ONOMASIN 'APODIDWMEN THI GRAMMATIKHI TECNHI,


<P 432A>
'EA=N TI 'AFELWMEN 'H= PROSQWMEN 'H= METAQWMEN TI, 'OU7
GEGRAPTAI MEN "HMIN TO 'ONOMA, 'OU-MENTOI 'ORQW$, 'ALLA= TO
PARAPAN 'OUDE GEGRAPTAI, 'ALL' 'EUQU$ "ETERON 'ESTIN 'EA=N TI
TOUTWN PAQHI6.
SW ^ MH-GAR 'OU KALW$ SKOPWMEN "OUTW SKOPOUNTE$, 'W*
KRATULE.
KR ^ PW*$ DH:
SW ^ 'ISW$ "OSA 'EK TINO$ 'ARIQMOU 'ANAGKAION 'EINAI 'H= MH
'EINAI PASCOI 'AN4 TOUTO "O= SU LEGEI$, "WSPER KAI 'AUTA
TA DEKA 'H= "OSTI$ BOULEI 'ALLO$ 'ARIQMO$, 'EA=N 'AFELHI$ TI 'H=
<P 432B>
PROSQHI$, "ETERO$ 'EUQU$ GEGONE0; TOU* DE POIOU*2 TINO$ KAI
SUMPASH$ 'EIKONO$ MH 'OUC "AU=TH 'HI7 "H 'ORQOTH$, 'ALLA= TO
'ENANTION 'OUDE TO PARAPAN DEHI5 PA$TA 'APODOUNAI0 "OION 'ESTIN
"WI 'EIKAZEI0, 'EI MELLEI0 'EIKWN 'EINAI. SKOPEI5 DE 'EI TI LEGW0.
'A*R' 'AN4 DUO PRAGMATA 'EIH TOIADE, "OION KRATULO$ KAI KRATULOU
'EIKWN, 'EI TI$ QEWN MH MONON TO SON CRWMA KAI
SCHMA 'APEIKASEIEN "WSPER "OI ZWGRAFOI, 'ALLA=-KAI TA 'ENTO$
PANTA TOIAUTA POIHSEIEN "OI*APER TA SA, KAI MALAKOTHTA$
<P 432C>
KAI QERMOTHTA$ TA$ 'AUTA$ 'APODOIH, KAI KINHSIN KAI YUCHN
KAI FRONHSIN "OI=APER "H PARA SOI4 'ENQEIH 'AUTOI$, KAI "ENI LOGWI
PANTA "APER SU 'ECEI$, TOIAUTA "E=TERA KATASTHSEIEN PLHSION
SOU4: POTERON KRATULO$ 'AN4 KAI 'EIKWN KRATULOU TO=T' 'EIH TO
TOIOUTON, 'H= DUO KRATULOI:
KR ^ DUO 'EMOIGE DOKOUSIN0, 'W* SWKRATE$, KRATULOI.
SW ^ "ORA*I$0 'OUN, 'W* FILE, "OTI4 'ALLHN CRH 'EIKONO$ 'ORQOTHTA
ZHTEIN KAI "WN NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN, KAI 'OUK 'ANAGKAZEIN, 'EA=N TI
<P 432D>
'APHI5 'H= PROSHI5, MHKETI 'AUTHN 'EIKONA 'EINAI: 'H= 'OUK 'AISQANHI0
"OSOU 'ENDEOUSIN0 "AI 'EIKONE$ TA 'AUTA 'ECEIN 'EKEINOI$ "WN 'EIKONE$
'EISIN:
KR ^ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ GELOI*A GOUN, 'W* KRATULE, "UPO TWN 'ONOMATWN PAQOI
'AN4 'EKEINA "WN 'ONOMATA 'ESTIN TA 'ONOMATA, 'EI PANTA PANTACHI
'AUTOI$ "OMOIWQEIH. DITTA GAR 'AN4 POU PANTA GENOITO, KAI
'OUK 'AN4 'ECOI 'AUTWN 'EIPEIN 'OUDEI$7 'OUDETERON "OPOTERON 'ESTI
TO MEN 'AUTO, TO DE 'ONOMA.
KR ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW ^ QARRWN TOINUN, 'W* GENNAIE, 'EA2 KAI 'ONOMA TO MEN 'EU
<P 432E>
KEISQAI, TO DE MH, KAI MH 'ANAGKAZE PANT' 'ECEIN TA GRAMMATA,
"INA KOMIDHI 'HI TOIOUTON "OIONPER "OU2 'ONOMA 'ESTIN, 'ALL'
'EA2 KAI TO MH PROSHKON0 GRAMMA 'EPIFEREIN. 'EI DE GRAMMA,
KAI 'ONOMA 'EN LOGWI; 'EI DE 'ONOMA, KAI LOGON 'EN LOGWI MH
PROSHKONTA TOI$ PRAGMASIN 'EPIFERESQAI, KAI MHDEN "HTTON
'ONOMAZESQAI TO PRAGMA KAI LEGESQAI, "EW$ 'AN4 "O TUPO$ 'ENHI5
TOU* PRAGMATO$ PERI= "OU2 'AN4 "O LOGO$ 'HI, "WSPER 'EN TOI$


<P 433A>
TWN STOICEIWN 'ONOMASIN, 'EI MEMNHSAI "A NUNDH 'EGW KAI
"ERMOGENH$ 'ELEGOMEN.
KR ^ 'ALLA= MEMNHMAI.
SW ^ KALW$ TOINUN. "OTAN GAR TOUTO 'ENHI5, 'KAN2 MH PANTA
TA PROSHKONTA 'ECHI5, LEXETAI GE TO PRAGMA, KALW$ "OTAN
PANTA, KAKW$ DE "OTAN 'OLIGA; LEGESQAI D'-'OUN, 'W* MAKARIE,
'EWMEN2, "INA MH 'OFLWMEN "WSPER "OI 'EN 'AIGINHI NUKTWR PERIIONTE$
'OYE "ODOU, KAI "HMEI$ 'EPI TA PRAGMATA DOXWMEN 'AU
<P 433B>
THI 'ALHQEIA\ "OUTW PW$ 'ELHLUQENAI 'OYIAITERON TOU* DEONTO$,
'H= ZHTEI5 TINA 'ALLHN 'ONOMATO$ 'ORQOTHTA, KAI MH "OMOLOGEI5
DHLWMA SULLABAI$ KAI GRAMMASI PRAGMATO$ 'ONOMA 'EINAI.
'EI GAR TAUTA 'AMFO=TERA 'EREI$2, 'OUC "OIO$-T'-'ESHI2 SUMFWNEIN
SAUTWI.
KR ^ 'ALLA= MOI DOKEI$ GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, METRIW$ LEGEIN,
KAI "OUTW TIQEMAI.
SW ^ 'EPEIDH TOINUN TAUTA "HMIN SUNDOKEI0, META TAUTA
TADE SKOPWMEN; 'EI MELLEI0 FAMEN KALW$ KEISQAI TO 'ONOMA,
TA PROSHKONTA DEI 'AUTO GRAMMATA 'ECEIN:
KR ^ NAI.
<P 433C>
SW ^ PROSHKEI0 DE TA "O=MOIA TOI$ PRAGMASIN:
KR ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ TA MEN-'A=RA KALW$ KEIMENA "OUTW KEITAI; 'EI DE MH
TI KALW$ 'ETEQH, TO MEN 'AN4 POLU 'ISW$ 'EK PROSHKONTWN0 'EIH
GRAMMATWN KAI "OMOIWN, 'EIPER 'ESTAI 'EIKWN, 'ECOI D' 'AN4 TI
KAI 'OU PROSHKON0, DI' "O= 'OUK 'AN4 KALON 'EIH 'OUDE KALW$
'EIRGASMENON TO 'ONOMA. "OUTW FAMEN 'H= 'ALLW$:
KR ^ 'OUDEN DEI 'OIMAI DIAMACESQAI, 'W* SWKRATE$; 'EPEI 'OUK
'ARESKEI0 GE ME TO FANAI 'ONOMA MEN 'EINAI, MH-MENTOI KALW$
GE KEISQAI.
<P 433D>
SW ^ POTERON TOUTO 'OUK 'ARESKEI0 SE, TO 'EINAI TO 'ONOMA
DHLWMA TOU* PRAGMATO$:
KR ^ 'EMOIGE.
SW ^ 'ALLA= TO 'EINAI TWN 'ONOMATWN TA MEN 'EK PROTERWN
SUGKEIMENA, TA DE PRWTA, 'OU KALW$ SOI4 DOKEI0 LEGESQAI:
KR ^ 'EMOIGE.
SW ^ 'ALLA= TA PRWTA 'EI MELLEI0 DHLWMATA TINWN GIGNESQAI,
'ECEI$ TINA KALLIW TROPON TOU* DHLWMATA 'AUTA GENESQAI
<P 433E>
'ALLON 'H= 'AUTA POIHSAI0 "OTI2 MALISTA TOIAUTA "OI*A 'EKEINA "A DEI
DHLOUN0 'AUTA: 'H= "ODE MALLON SE 'ARESKEI0 "O TROPO$ "ON "ERMOGENH$
LEGEI0 KAI 'ALLOI POLLOI, TO SUNQHMATA 'EINAI TA
'ONOMATA KAI DHLOUN0 TOI$ SUNQEMENOI$ PROEIDOSI DE TA
PRAGMATA, KAI 'EINAI TAUTHN 'ORQOTHTA 'ONOMATO$, SUNQHKHN,
DIAFEREIN DE 'OUDEN 'EANTE TI$ SUNQHTAI "WSPER NU*N SUGKEITAI,
'EANTE-KAI 'TOUNANTION 'EPI MEN "WI NU*N SMIKRON, MEGA
KALEIN0, 'EPI DE "WI MEGA, SMIKRON: POTERO$ SE "O TROPO$
'ARESKEI0:


<P 434A>
KR ^ "OLWI KAI PANTI DIAFEREI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, TO "OMOIWMATI
DHLOUN0 "OTI2 'AN4 TI$ DHLOI2 'ALLA= MH TW*I 'EPITUCONTI.
SW ^ KALW$ LEGEI$. 'OUKOU*N 'EIPER 'ESTAI TO 'ONOMA "OMOION
TW*I PRAGMATI, 'ANAGKAION PEFUKENAI TA STOICEIA "O=MOIA TOI$
PRAGMASIN, 'EX "WN TA PRWTA 'ONOMATA TI$ SUNQHSEI2: "WDE
DE LEGW0; 'A*RA POT' 'AN4 TI$ SUNEQHKEN "O= NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN
ZWGRAFHMA "OMOION TWI TWN 'ONTWN0, 'EI MH FUSEI "UPHRCE
<P 434B>
FARMAKEIA "O=MOIA 'ONTA, 'EX "WN SUNTIQETAI TA ZWGRAFOUMENA,
'EKEINOI$ "A MIMEITAI "H GRAFIKH; 'H= 'ADUNATON:
KR ^ 'ADUNATON.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N "WSAUTW$ KAI 'ONOMATA 'OUK 'AN4 POTE "O=MOIA
GENOITO 'OUDENI, 'EI MH "UPARXEI2 'EKEINA PRWTON "OMOIOTHTA TINA
'ECONTA, 'EX "WN SUNTIQETAI TA 'ONOMATA, 'EKEINOI$ "WN 'ESTI TA
'ONOMATA MIMHMATA: 'ESTI DE, 'EX "WN SUNQETEON, STOICEIA:
KR ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'HDH TOINUN-KAI SU KOINWNHI0 TOU* LOGOU "OUPER2 'ARTI
<P 434C>
"ERMOGENH$. FERE, KALW$ SOI4 DOKOUMEN LEGEIN "OTI4 TO "RW THI
FORA*I KAI KINHSEI KAI SKLHROTHTI PROSEOIKEN0, 'H= 'OU KALW$:
KR ^ KALW$ 'EMOIGE.
SW ^ TO DE LABDA TW*I LEIWI KAI MALAKWI KAI "OI$ NUNDH
'ELEGOMEN:
KR ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'OISQA 'OUN "OTI4 'EPI TW*I 'AUTWI "HMEI$ MEN FAMEN
SKLHROTH$, 'ERETRIH$ DE SKLHROTHR:
KR ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ POTERON 'OUN TO TE "RW KAI TO SIGMA 'EOIKEN0 'AMFO=TERA
TW*I 'AUTWI, KAI DHLOI0 'EKEINOI$ TE TO 'AUTO TELEUTWNTO$ TOU*
"RW KAI "HMIN TOU* SIGMA, 'H= TOI$ "ETEROI$ "HMWN 'OU DHLOI0:
<P 434D>
KR ^ DHLOI0 MEN-'OUN 'AMFOTEROI$.
SW ^ POTERON "HI "O=MOIA TUGCANEI0 'ONTA TO "RW KAI TO SIGMA,
'H= "HI MH:
KR ^ "HI "O=MOIA.
SW ^ 'H*-'OUN "O=MOIA 'ESTI PANTACHI:
KR ^ PRO$ GE TO 'ISW$ FORAN DHLOUN0.
SW ^ 'H*-KAI TO LABDA 'EGKEIMENON: 'OU TO 'ENANTION DHLOI0
SKLHROTHTO$:
KR ^ 'ISW$ GAR 'OUK 'ORQW$ 'EGKEITAI, 'W* SWKRATE$; "WSPER
KAI "A NUNDH SU PRO$ "ERMOGENH 'ELEGE$ 'EXAIRWN TE-KAI
'ENTIQEI=$ GRAMMATA "OU4 DEOI, KAI 'ORQW$ 'EDOKEI$ 'EMOIGE. KAI
NU*N 'ISW$ 'ANTI TOU* LABDA "RW DEI LEGEIN.
<P 434E>
SW ^ 'EU LEGEI$. TI= 'OUN: NU*N "W$ LEGOMEN, 'OUDEN MANQANOMEN
'ALLHLWN, 'EPEIDAN TI$ FHI5 SKLHRON, 'OUDE 'OISQA SU
NU*N "OTI2 'EGW LEGW0:
KR ^ 'EGWGE, DIA= GE TO 'EQO$, 'W* FILTATE.
SW ^ 'EQO$ DE LEGWN 'OIEI TI DIAFORON LEGEIN SUNQHKH$:
'H= 'ALLO TI LEGEI$ TO 'EQO$ 'H= "OTI4 'EGW, "OTAN TOUTO FQEGGWMAI,
DIANOOUMAI 'EKEINO, SU DE GIGNWSKEI$ "OTI4 'EKEINO DIANOOUMAI:
'OU TOUTO LEGEI$:


<P 435A>
KR ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EI GIGNWSKEI$ 'EMOU4 FQEGGOMENOU, DHLWMA
SOI4 GIGNETAI PAR' 'EMOU4:
KR ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'APO TOU* 'ANOMOIOU GE 'H= "O= DIANOOUMENO$ FQEGGOMAI,
'EIPER TO LABDA 'ANOMOION 'ESTI THI "HI FH=I$ SU SKLHROTHTI; 'EI
DE TOUTO "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, TI= 'ALLO 'H= 'AUTO$ SAUTWI SUNEQOU KAI
SOI4 GIGNETAI "H 'ORQOTH$ TOU* 'ONOMATO$ SUNQHKH, 'EPEIDH GE
DHLOI0 KAI TA "O=MOIA KAI TA 'ANO=MOIA GRAMMATA, 'EQOU$ TE-KAI
SUNQHKH$ TUCONTA: 'EI D' "OTI2 MALISTA MH 'ESTI TO 'EQO$
<P 435B>
SUNQHKH, 'OUK 'AN4 KALW$ 'ETI 'ECOI LEGEIN THN "OMOIOTHTA
DHLWMA 'EINAI, 'ALLA= TO 'EQO$; 'EKEINO GAR, "W$ 'EOIKE0, KAI
"OMOIWI KAI 'ANOMOIWI DHLOI0, 'EPEIDH DE TAUTA SUGCWROUMEN,
'W* KRATULE % THN GAR SIGHN SOU4 SUGCWRHSIN QHSW2 % 'ANAGKAION
POU-KAI SUNQHKHN TI KAI 'EQO$ SUMBALLESQAI PRO$
DHLWSIN "WN DIANOOUMENOI LEGOMEN; 'EPEI, 'W* BELTISTE, 'EI
'QELEI$ 'EPI TON 'ARIQMON 'ELQEIN, PO=QEN 'OIEI "EXEIN 'ONOMATA
"O=MOIA "ENI "EKASTWI TWN 'ARIQMWN 'EPENEGKEIN, 'EA=N MH 'EA*I$2 TI
<P 435C>
THN SHN "OMOLOGIAN KAI SUNQHKHN KURO$ 'ECEIN TWN 'ONOMATWN
'ORQOTHTO$ PE=RI: 'EMOI4 MEN-'OUN-KAI 'AUTWI 'ARESKEI0 MEN KATA TO
DUNATON "O=MOIA 'EINAI TA 'ONOMATA TOI$ PRAGMASIN; 'ALLA= MH
"W$ 'ALHQW$, TO TOU* "ERMOGENOU$, GLISCRA 'HI "H "OLKH "AU=TH TH$
"OMOIOTHTO$, 'ANAGKAION DE 'HI KAI TW*I FORTIKWI TOUTWI PROSCRHSQAI,
THI SUNQHKHI, 'EI$ 'ONOMATWN 'ORQOTHTA. 'EPEI 'ISW$
KATA GE TO DUNATON KALLIST' 'AN4 LEGOITO "OTAN 'H= PASIN 'H=
"W$ PLEISTOI$ "OMOIOI$ LEGHTAI, TOUTO D' 'ESTI PROSHKOUSIN4,
<P 435D>
'AISCISTA DE 'TOUNANTION. TODE DE MOI 'ETI 'EIPE= META TAUTA,
TI=NA "HMIN DUNAMIN 'ECEI0 TA 'ONOMATA KAI TI= FWMEN 'AUTA KALON
'APERGAZESQAI:
KR ^ DIDASKEIN 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, KAI TOUTO PANU
"APLOUN 'EINAI, "O$4 'AN4 TA 'ONOMATA 'EPISTHTAI, 'EPISTASQAI KAI
TA PRAGMATA.
SW ^ 'ISW$ GAR, 'W* KRATULE, TO TOIONDE LEGEI$, "W$ 'EPEIDAN
TI$ 'EIDHI TO 'ONOMA "OION 'ESTIN % 'ESTI DE "OIONPER TO PRAGMA %
<P 435E>
'EISETAI DH-KAI TO PRAGMA, 'EPEIPER "OMOION TUGCANEI0 'ON TW*I
'ONOMATI, TECNH DE MIA 'A=R' 'ESTIN "H 'AUTH PANTWN TWN 'ALLHLOI$
"OMOIWN. KATA TOUTO DH MOI DOKEI$ LEGEIN "W$ "O$4 'AN4 TA
'ONOMATA 'EIDHI 'EISETAI KAI TA PRAGMATA.
KR ^ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
SW ^ 'ECE DH, 'IDWMEN TI=$ POT' 'AN4 'EIH "O TROPO$ "OUTO$ TH$
DIDASKALIA$ TWN 'ONTWN0 "ON SU LEGEI$ NU*N, KAI POTERON 'ESTI
MEN-KAI 'ALLO$, "OUTO$ MENTOI BELTIWN, 'H= 'OUD' 'ESTIN 'ALLO$
'H= "OUTO$. POTERW$ 'OIEI:


<P 436A>
KR ^ "OUTW$ 'EGWGE, 'OU PANU TI 'EINAI 'ALLON, TOUTON DE-KAI
MONON KAI BELTISTON.
SW ^ POTERON DE-KAI "EURESIN TWN 'ONTWN0 THN 'AUTHN TAUTHN
'EINAI, TON TA 'ONOMATA "EURONTA KAI 'EKEINA "HURHKENAI "WN 'ESTI
TA 'ONOMATA; 'H= ZHTEIN MEN-KAI "EURISKEIN "ETERON DEIN TROPON,
MANQANEIN DE TOUTON:
KR ^ PANTWN MALISTA KAI ZHTEIN KAI "EURISKEIN TON 'AUTON
TROPON TOUTON KATA 'TAUTA.
SW ^ FERE DH 'ENNOHSWMEN, 'W* KRATULE, 'EI TI$ ZHTWN TA
<P 436B>
PRAGMATA 'AKOLOUQOI TOI$ 'ONOMASI, SKOPWN "OION "EKASTON
BOULETAI 'EINAI, 'A*R' 'ENNOEI$ "OTI4 'OU SMIKRO$ KINDUNO$ 'ESTIN
'EXAPATHQHNAI:
KR ^ PW*$:
SW ^ DHLON "OTI4 "O QEMENO$ PRWTO$ TA 'ONOMATA, "OI*A "HGEITO
'EINAI TA PRAGMATA, TOIAUTA 'ETIQETO KAI TA 'ONOMATA, "W$
FAMEN. 'H*-GAR:
KR ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'EI 'OUN 'EKEINO$ MH 'ORQW$ "HGEITO, 'EQETO DE "OI*A "HGEITO,
TI= 'OIEI "HMA$ TOU$ 'AKOLOUQOUNTA$ 'AUTWI PEISESQAI: 'ALLO TI 'H=
'EXAPATHQHSESQAI:
KR ^ 'ALLA= MH 'OUC "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALL' 'ANAGKAION
<P 436C>
'HI 'EIDOTA TIQESQAI TON TIQEMENON TA 'ONOMATA; 'EI DE MH, "OPER
PALAI 'EGW 'ELEGON, 'OUD' 'AN4 'ONOMATA 'EIH. MEGISTON DE SOI4
'ESTW TEKMHRION "OTI4 'OUK 'ESFALTAI TH$ 'ALHQEIA$ "O TIQEMENO$;
'OU-GAR 'AN4 POTE "OUTW SUMFWNA 'H*N 'AUTWI "APANTA. 'H= 'OUK
'ENENOEI$ 'AUTO$ LEGWN "W$ PANTA KATA 'TAUTON KAI 'EPI 'TAUTON
'EGIGNETO TA 'ONOMATA:
SW ^ 'ALLA= TOUTO MEN, 'WGAQE KRATULE, 'OUDEN 'ESTIN 'APOLOGHMA.
'EI GAR TO PRWTON SFALEI=$ "O TIQEMENO$ 'TALLA 'HDH
<P 436D>
PRO$ TOUT' 'EBIAZETO KAI "AUTWI SUMFWNEIN 'HNAGKAZEN, 'OUDEN
'ATOPON, "WSPER TWN DIAGRAMMATWN 'ENIOTE TOU* PRWTOU SMIKROU
KAI 'ADHLOU YEUDOU$ GENOMENOU, TA LOIPA PAMPOLLA 'HDH 'ONTA
"EPOMENA "OMOLOGEIN 'ALLHLOI$. DEI DH PERI= TH$ 'ARCH$ PANTO$
PRAGMATO$ PANTI 'ANDRI TON POLUN LOGON 'EINAI KAI THN POLLHN
SKEYIN 'EI=TE 'ORQW$ 'EI=TE MH "UPOKEITAI; 'EKEINH$ DE 'EXETASQEISH$
"IKANW$, TA LOIPA FAINESQAI 'EKEINHI "EPOMENA. 'OU-MENTOI-'ALLA=
<P 436E>
QAUMAZOIM' 'AN4 'EI KAI TA 'ONOMATA SUMFWNEI0 'AUTA "AUTOI$.
PALIN GAR 'EPISKEYWMEQA "A TO PROTERON DIHLQOMEN. "W$
TOU* PANTO$ 'IONTO$ TE-KAI FEROMENOU KAI "REONTO$ FAMEN
SHMAINEIN "HMIN THN 'OUSIAN TA 'ONOMATA. 'ALLO TI "OUTW SOI4
DOKEI0 DHLOUN0:


<P 437A>
KR ^ PANU SFODRA, KAI 'ORQW$ GE SHMAINEI0.
SW ^ SKOPWMEN DH 'EX 'AUTWN 'ANALABONTE$ PRWTON MEN
TOUTO TO 'ONOMA, THN 'EPISTHMHN, "W$ 'AMFIBOLON 'ESTI8,
KAI MALLON 'EOIKE0 SHMAINONTI "OTI42 "ISTHSIN "HMWN 'EPI TOI$
PRAGMASI THN YUCHN 'H= "OTI42 SUMPERIFERETAI, KAI 'ORQOTERON
'ESTIN "WSPER NU*N 'AUTOU4 THN 'ARCHN LEGEIN MALLON 'H= 'EMBALLONTA$
TO 'EI*4 "EPEISTHMHN, 'ALLA= THN 'EMBOLHN POIHSASQAI
'ANTI TH$ 'EN TW*I 'EI*4 'EN TW*I 'IWTA. 'EPEITA TO BEBAION, "OTI4
BASEW$ TINO$ 'ESTIN KAI STASEW$ MIMHMA 'ALL' 'OU FORA$.
<P 437B>
'EPEITA "H "ISTORIA 'AUTO POU SHMAINEI0 "OTI42 "ISTHSI TON
"ROUN. KAI TO PISTON "ISTAN PANTAPASI SHMAINEI0. 'EPEITA
DE "H MNHMH PANTI POU MHNUEI0 "OTI4 MONH 'ESTIN 'EN THI YUCHI
'ALL' 'OU FORA. 'EI DE BOULEI, "H "AMARTIA KAI "H SUMFORA,
'EI KATA TO 'ONOMA TI$ 'AKOLOUQHSEI2, FANEITAI 'TAUTON THI
SUNESEI TAUTHI KAI 'EPISTHMHI KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ PASI
TOI$ PERI= TA SPOUDAI*A 'ONOMASIN. 'ETI TOINUN "H 'AMAQIA
KAI "H 'AKOLASIA PARAPLHSI=A TOUTOI$ FAINETAI; "H MEN-GAR
<P 437C>
TOU* "AMA QEWI 'IONTO$ POREIA FAINETAI, "H 'AMAQIA,
"H D' 'AKOLASIA PANTAPASIN 'AKOLOUQIA TOI$ PRAGMASI
FAINETAI. KAI "OUTW$, "A NOMIZOMEN 'EPI TOI$ KAKISTOI$ 'ONOMATA
'EINAI, "OMOIOTAT' 'AN4 FAINOITO TOI$ 'EPI TOI$ KALLISTOI$.
'OIMAI DE-KAI 'A=LLA POLL' 'AN4 TI$ "EUROI 'EI PRAGMATEUOITO,
'EX "WN 'OIHQEIH 'AN4 'AU PALIN TON TA 'ONOMATA TIQEMENON
'OUCI 'IONTA 'OUDE FEROMENA 'ALLA= MENONTA TA PRAGMATA
SHMAINEIN.
<P 437D>
KR ^ 'ALL', 'W* SWKRATE$, "ORA*I$0 "OTI4 TA POLLA 'EKEINW$
'ESHMAINEN.
SW ^ TI= 'OUN TOUTO, 'W* KRATULE: "WSPER YHFOU$ DIARIQMHSOMEQA
TA 'ONOMATA, KAI 'EN TOUTWI 'ESTAI "H 'ORQOTH$: "OPO=TERA
'AN4 PLEIW FAINHTAI TA 'ONOMATA SHMAINONTA, TAUTA DH 'ESTAI
'TALHQH:
KR ^ 'OU=KOUN 'EIKO$ GE.
SW ^ 'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN, 'W* FILE. KAI TAUTA MEN-GE 'AUTOU2


<P 438A>
'EASWMEN, 'EPANELQWMEN DE PALIN "OQEN DEURO METEBHMEN.
'ARTI GAR 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN, 'EI MEMNHSAI, TON TIQEMENON TA
'ONOMATA 'ANAGKAION 'EFHSQA 'EINAI 'EIDOTA TIQESQAI "OI$ 'ETIQETO.
POTERON 'OUN 'ETI SOI4 DOKEI0 "OUTW$ 'H= 'OU=:
KR ^ 'ETI.
SW ^ 'H*-KAI TON TA PRWTA TIQEMENON 'EIDOTA FH=I$ TIQESQAI:
KR ^ 'EIDOTA.
SW ^ 'EK POI=WN 'OUN 'ONOMATWN 'H= MEMAQHKW$ 'H= "HURHKW$ 'H*N
<P 438B>
TA PRAGMATA, 'EIPER TA GE PRWTA MHPW 'EKEITO, MAQEIN D' 'AU
FAMEN TA PRAGMATA KAI "EUREIN 'ADUNATON 'EINAI 'ALLW$ 'H= TA
'ONOMATA MAQONTA$ 'H= 'AUTOU$ 'EXEURONTA$ "OI*A 'ESTI:
KR ^ DOKEI$ TI MOI LEGEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ TI=NA 'OUN TROPON FWMEN 'AUTOU$ 'EIDOTA$ QESQAI 'H=
NOMOQETA$ 'EINAI, PRIN KAI "OTIOUN 'ONOMA KEISQAI TE-KAI
'EKEINOU$ 'EIDENAI, 'EIPER MH 'ESTI2 TA PRAGMATA MAQEIN 'ALL'-'H=
'EK TWN 'ONOMATWN:
<P 438C>
KR ^ 'OIMAI MEN 'EGW TON 'ALHQESTATON LOGON PERI= TOUTWN
'EINAI, 'W* SWKRATE$, MEIZW TINA DUNAMIN 'EINAI 'H= 'ANQRWPEIAN
THN QEMENHN TA PRWTA 'ONOMATA TOI$ PRAGMASIN, "WSTE
'ANAGKAION 'EINAI 'AUTA 'ORQW$ 'ECEIN.
SW ^ 'EITA 'OIEI 'ENANTIA 'AN4 'ETIQETO 'AUTO$ "AUTWI "O QEI$, 'WN
DAIMWN TI$ 'H= QEO$: 'H= 'OUDEN SOI4 'EDOKOUMEN 'ARTI LEGEIN:
KR ^ 'ALLA= MH 'OUK 'H*N TOUTWN TA "E=TERA 'ONOMATA.
SW ^ PO=TERA, 'W* 'ARISTE, TA 'EPI THN STASIN 'AGONTA 'H= TA
'EPI THN FORAN: 'OU-GAR-POU KATA TO 'ARTI LECQEN PLHQEI
KRIQHSETAI.
<P 438D>
KR ^ 'OUTOI-DH DIKAION GE, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ 'ONOMATWN 'OUN STASIASANTWN0, KAI TWN MEN FASKONTWN0
"EAUTA 'EINAI TA "O=MOIA THI 'ALHQEIA\, TWN D' "EAUTA, TI=NI 'ETI DIAKRINOUMEN,
'H= 'EPI TI= 'ELQONTE$: 'OU-GAR-POU 'EPI 'ONOMATA GE
"E=TERA 'A=LLA TOUTWN; 'OU-GAR 'ESTIN, 'ALLA= DHLON "OTI4 'A=LL'0 'ATTA
ZHTHTEA PLHN 'ONOMATWN, "A "HMIN 'EMFANIEI2 'ANEU 'ONOMATWN
"OPO=TERA TOUTWN 'ESTI 'TALHQH, DEIXANTA DHLON "OTI4 THN 'ALHQEIAN
TWN 'ONTWN0.
<P 438E>
KR ^ DOKEI0 MOI "OUTW.
SW ^ 'ESTIN 'A=RA, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'W* KRATULE, DUNATON MAQEIN
'ANEU 'ONOMATWN TA 'ONTA, 'EIPER TAUTA "OUTW$ 'ECEI0.
KR ^ FAINETAI.
SW ^ DIA= TI=NO$ 'ALLOU 'OUN 'ETI PROSDOKA*I$0 'AN4 TAUTA
MAQEIN: 'A*RA DI' 'ALLOU TOU 'H= "OUPER2 'EIKO$ TE-KAI DIKAIOTATON,
DI' 'ALLHLWN GE, 'EI PHI SUGGENH 'ESTIN, KAI 'AUTA DI' "AUTWN:
TO GAR-POU "ETERON 'EKEINWN KAI 'ALLOION "ETERON 'AN4 TI KAI
'ALLOION SHMAINOI 'ALL' 'OUK 'EKEINA.
KR ^ 'ALHQH MOI FAINHI0 LEGEIN.


<P 439A>
SW ^ 'ECE DH PRO$ DIO$; TA DE 'ONOMATA 'OU POLLAKI$
MENTOI "WMOLOGHSAMEN TA KALW$ KEIMENA 'EOIKOTA 'EINAI 'EKEINOI$
"WN 'ONOMATA KEITAI, KAI 'EINAI 'EIKONA$ TWN PRAGMATWN:
KR ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'EI 'OUN 'ESTI2 MEN "OTI2 MALISTA DI' 'ONOMATWN TA PRAGMATA
MANQANEIN, 'ESTI2 DE-KAI DI' 'AUTWN, POTE=RA 'AN4 'EIH KALLIWN
KAI SAFESTE=RA "H MAQHSI$: 'EK TH$ 'EIKONO$ MANQANEIN 'AUTHN
TE 'AUTHN 'EI KALW$ 'EIKASTAI, KAI THN 'ALHQEIAN "H$ 'H*N 'EIKWN
<P 439B>
'H= 'EK TH$ 'ALHQEIA$ 'AUTHN TE 'AUTHN KAI THN 'EIKONA 'AUTH$ 'EI
PREPONTW$ 'EIRGASTAI:
KR ^ 'EK TH$ 'ALHQEIA$ MOI DOKEI0 'ANAGKH 'EINAI.
SW ^ "ONTINA MEN-TOINUN TROPON DEI MANQANEIN 'H= "EURISKEIN
TA 'ONTA, MEIZON 'ISW$ 'ESTIN 'EGNWKENAI 'H= KAT' 'EME KAI SE;
'AGAPHTON DE-KAI TOUTO "OMOLOGHSASQAI, "OTI4 'OUK 'EX 'ONOMATWN
'ALLA= POLU MALLON 'AUTA 'EX "AUTWN KAI MAQHTEON KAI ZHTHTEON
'H= 'EK TWN 'ONOMATWN.
KR ^ FAINETAI, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ 'ETI TOINUN TODE SKEYWMEQA, "OPW$ MH "HMA$ TA
<P 439C>
POLLA TAUTA 'ONOMATA 'E$ 'TAUTON TEINONTA 'EXAPATA*I2, 'EI TW*I-'ONTI
MEN "OI QEMENOI 'AUTA DIANOHQENTE$ GE 'EQENTO "W$ 'IONTWN0
"APANTWN 'AEI KAI "REONTWN0 % FAINONTAI GAR 'EMOIGE KAI 'AUTWI
"OUTW DIANOHQHNAI % TO D', 'EI 'ETUCEN, 'OUC "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, 'ALL'
"OUTOI 'AUTOI TE "WSPER 'EI$ TINA DINHN 'EMPESONTE$ KUKWNTAI0
KAI "HMA$ 'EFELKOMENOI PROSEMBALLOUSIN0. SKEYAI GAR, 'W*
QAUMASIE KRATULE, "O= 'EGWGE POLLAKI$ 'ONEIRWTTW0. POTERON
FWMEN TI 'EINAI 'AUTO KALON KAI 'AGAQON KAI "EN "EKASTON TWN
<P 439D>
'ONTWN0 "OUTW, 'H= MH:
KR ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EINAI8.
SW ^ 'AUTO TOINUN 'EKEINO SKEYWMEQA, MH 'EI PROSWPON TI
'ESTIN KALON 'H= TI TWN TOIOUTWN, KAI DOKEI0 TAUTA PANTA "REIN;
'ALL' 'AUTO, FWMEN, TO KALON 'OU TOIOUTON 'AEI 'ESTIN "OION
'ESTIN:
KR ^ 'ANAGKH.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN "OION-TE PROSEIPEIN 'AUTO 'ORQW$, 'EI 'AEI
"UPEXERCETAI, PRWTON MEN "OTI4 'EKEINO 'ESTIN, 'EPEITA "OTI4 TOIOUTON,
'H= 'ANAGKH "AMA "HMWN LEGONTWN0 'ALLO 'AUTO 'EUQU$ GIGNESQAI
KAI "UPEXIENAI KAI MHKETI "OUTW$ 'ECEIN:
KR ^ 'ANAGKH.
<P 439E>
SW ^ PW*$ 'OUN 'AN4 'EIH TI 'EKEINO "O= MHDEPOTE "WSAUTW$
'ECEI0: 'EI GAR POTE "WSAUTW$ 'ISCEI0, 'EN G' 'EKEINWI TW*I CRONWI
DHLON "OTI4 'OUDEN METABAINEI0; 'EI DE 'AEI "WSAUTW$ 'ECEI0 KAI TO
'AUTO 'ESTI, PW*$ 'AN4 TOUTO GE METABALLOI 'H= KINOITO, MHDEN
'EXISTAMENON TH$ "AUTOU 'IDEA$:
KR ^ 'OUDAMW$.
SW ^ 'ALLA=-MHN-'OUD' 'AN4 GNWSQEIH GE "UP' 'OUDENO$. "AMA


<P 440A>
GAR 'AN4 'EPIONTO$ TOU* GNWSOMENOU 'ALLO KAI 'ALLOION GIGNOITO,
"WSTE 'OUK 'AN4 GNWSQEIH 'ETI "OPOION GE TI 'ESTIN 'H= PW*$ 'ECON;
GNWSI$ DE-DHPOU 'OUDEMIA GIGNWSKEI0 "O= GIGNWSKEI0 MHDAMW$
'ECON.
KR ^ 'ESTIN "W$ LEGEI$.
SW ^ 'ALL'-'OUDE GNWSIN 'EINAI FANAI 'EIKO$, 'W* KRATULE, 'EI
METAPIPTEI0 PANTA CRHMATA KAI MHDEN MENEI0. 'EI MEN-GAR
'AUTO TOUTO, "H GNWSI$, TOU* GNWSI$ 'EINAI MH METAPIPTEI0, MENOI0
TE 'AN4 'AEI "H GNWSI$ KAI 'EIH GNWSI$. 'EI DE-KAI 'AUTO TO 'EIDO$
<P 440B>
METAPIPTEI0 TH$ GNWSEW$, "AMA T' 'AN4 METAPIPTOI 'EI$ 'ALLO
'EIDO$ GNWSEW$ KAI 'OUK 'AN4 'EIH GNWSI$; 'EI DE 'AEI METAPIPTEI0,
'AEI 'OUK 'AN4 'EIH GNWSI$, KAI 'EK TOUTOU TOU* LOGOU 'OUTE TO
GNWSOMENON 'OUTE TO GNWSQHSOMENON 'AN4 'EIH. 'EI DE 'ESTI MEN
'AEI TO GIGNWSKON, 'ESTI DE TO GIGNWSKOMENON, 'ESTI DE TO
KALON, 'ESTI DE TO 'AGAQON, 'ESTI DE "EN "EKASTON TWN 'ONTWN0,
'OU MOI FAINETAI TAUTA "O=MOIA 'ONTA, "A NU*N "HMEI$ LEGOMEN, "ROHI
<P 440C>
'OUDEN 'OUDE FORA*I. TAUT' 'OUN POTERON POTE "OUTW$ 'ECEI0 'H=
'EKEQNW$ "W$ "OI PERI= "HRAKLEITON TE LEGOUSIN0 KAI 'ALLOI
POLLOI, MH 'OU "RA&DION 'HI 'EPISKEYASQAI, 'OUDE PANU NOUN
'ECONTO$ 'ANQRWPOU 'EPITREYANTA 'ONOMASIN "AUTON KAI THN "AUTOU
YUCHN QERAPEUEIN, PEPISTEUKOTA 'EKEINOI$ KAI TOI$ QEMENOI$
'AUTA, DIISCURIZESQAI "W$ TI 'EIDOTA, KAI "AUTOU TE-KAI TWN 'ONTWN0
KATAGIGNWSKEIN "W$ 'OUDEN "UGIE$ 'OUDENO$, 'ALLA= PANTA "WSPER
KERAMIA "REI0, KAI 'ATECNW$ "WSPER "OI KATARRWI NOSOUNTE$
<P 440D>
'ANQRWPOI "OUTW$ 'OIESQAI KAI TA PRAGMATA DIAKEISQAI, "UPO
"REUMATO$ TE-KAI KATARROU PANTA TA8 CRHMATA 'ECESQAI. 'ISW$
MEN-'OUN-DH, 'W* KRATULE, "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, 'ISW$ DE-KAI 'OU=. SKOPEISQAI
'OUN CRH 'ANDREIW$ TE-KAI 'EU, KAI MH "RA\DIW$ 'APODECESQAI % 'ETI
GAR NEO$ 'EI* KAI "HLIKIAN 'ECEI$ % SKEYAMENON DE,
'EA=N "EURHI$, METADIDONAI KAI 'EMOI4.
KR ^ 'ALLA= POIHSW2 TAUTA. 'EU MENTOI 'ISQI, 'W* SWKRATE$,
"OTI4 'OUDE NUNI 'ASKEPTW$ 'ECW0, 'ALLA= MOI SKOPOUMENWI KAI
<P 440E>
PRAGMATA 'ECONTI POLU MALLON 'EKEINW$ FAINETAI 'ECEIN "W$
"HRAKLEITO$ LEGEI0.
SW ^ 'EI$ 'AUQI$ TOINUN ME, 'W* "ETAIRE, DIDAXEI$, 'EPEIDAN
"HKHI$; NU*N DE, "WSPER PARESKEUASAI, POREUOU 'EI$ 'AGRON;
PROPEMYEI2 DE SE KAI "ERMOGENH$ "ODE.
KR ^ TAUT''ESTAI, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALLA=-KAI SU PEIRW5 'ETI
'ENNOEIN TAUTA 'HDH.


<B EUQD>


<P 271A>
KR _ TI=$ 'H*N, 'W* SWKRATE$, "WI CQE$ 'EN LUKEIWI DIELEGOU:
'H* POLU$ "UMA$ 'OCLO$ PERIEISTHKEI, "WST' 'EGWGE BOULOMENO$
'AKOUEIN PROSELQWN 'OUDEN "OIO$-T'-'H*2 'AKOUSAI0 SAFE$; "UPERKUYA$
MENTOI KATEIDON, KAI MOI 'EDOXEN 'EINAI XENO$ TI$ "WI DIELEGOU.
TI=$ 'H*N:
SW _ POTERON KAI 'ERWTA*I$0, 'W* KRITWN: 'OU-GAR "EI$ 'ALLA=
DU' 'HSTHN.
KR _ "ON MEN 'EGW LEGW0, 'EK DEXIA$ TRITO$ 'APO SOU4 KAQHSTO;
<P 271B>
'EN MESWI D' "UMWN TO 'AXIOCOU MEIRAKION 'H*N. KAI MALA POLU,
'W* SWKRATE$, 'EPIDEDWKENAI MOI 'EDOXEN, KAI TOU* "HMETEROU 'OU
POLU TI THN "HLIKIAN DIAFEREIN KRITOBOULOU. 'ALL' 'EKEINO$
MEN SKLHFRO$, "OUTO$ DE PROFERH$ KAI KALO$ KAI 'AGAQO$ THN
'OYIN.
SW _ 'EUQUDHMO$ "OUTO$ 'ESTIN, 'W* KRITWN, "ON 'ERWTA*I$0, "O DE
PAR' 'EME KAQHMENO$ 'EX 'ARISTERA$ 'ADELFO$ TOUTOU, DIONUSODWRO$;
METECEI0 DE-KAI "OUTO$ TWN LOGWN.
KR _ 'OUDETERON GIGNWSKW0, 'W* SWKRATE$. KAINOI TINE$ 'AU
<P 271C>
"OUTOI, "W$ 'EOIKE0, SOFISTAI; PODAPOI: KAI TI=$ "H SOFIA:
SW _ "OUTOI TO MEN GENO$, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, 'ENTEUQEN POQEN
'EISIN 'EK CIOU, 'APWIKHSAN DE 'E$ QOURIOU$, FEUGONTE$ DE
'EKEIQEN POLL' 'HDH 'ETH PERI= TOUSDE TOU$ TOPOU$ DIATRIBOUSIN0.
"O= DE SU 'ERWTA*I$0 THN SOFIAN 'AUTOIN, QAUMASI=A, 'W* KRITWN;
PASSOFOI 'ATECNW$ TW GE, 'OUD' 'HIDH PRO TOU* "OTI2 'EIEN "OI
PAGKRATIASTAI. TOUTW GAR 'ESTON0 KOMIDHI PAMMACW. 'OU KATA
TW 'AKARNANE 'EGENESQHN TW PAGKRATIASTA 'ADELFW; 'EKEINW
<P 271D>
MEN-GAR TW*I SWMATI MONON "OIW-TE MACESQAI, TOUTW DE PRWTON
MEN TW*I SWMATI DEINOTATW 'ESTON0 KAI8 MACHI8, "HI8 PANTWN8 'ESTI820
KRATEIN8 % 'EN "OPLOI$ GAR 'AUTW TE SOFW PANU MACESQAI KAI


<P 272A>
'ALLON "O$ 'AN4 DIDWI0 MISQON, "OIW-TE POIHSAI0 % 'EPEITA THN 'EN
TOI$ DIKASTHRIOI$ MACHN KRATISTW KAI 'AGWNISASQAI KAI
'ALLON DIDAXAI0 LEGEIN TE-KAI SUGGRAFESQAI LOGOU$ "OIOU$
'EI$ TA DIKASTHRIA. PRO TOU* MEN-'OUN TAUTA DEINW 'HSTHN
MONON, NU*N DE TELO$ 'EPITEQHKATON PAGKRATIASTIKHI TECNHI. "H=
GAR 'H*N LOIPH 'AUTOIN MACH 'ARGO$, TAUTHN NU*N 'EXEIRGASQON,
"WSTE MHD' 'AN4 "ENA 'AUTOI$ "OION-T'-'EINAI MHD' 'ANTARAI0; "OUTW
DEINW GEGONATON 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$ MACESQAI TE-KAI 'EXELEGCEIN
<P 272B>
TO 'AEI LEGOMENON, "OMOIW$ 'EANTE YEUDO$ 'EANTE 'ALHQE$ 'HI. 'EGW
MEN-'OUN, 'W* KRITWN 'EN NWI 'ECW0 TOIN 'ANDROIN PARADOUNAI0
'EMAUTON; KAI-GAR FATON0 'EN 'OLIGWI CRONWI POIHSAI0 'AN4 KAI
'ALLON "ONTINOUN TA 'AUTA TAUTA DEINON.
KR _ TI= DE, 'W* SWKRATE$: 'OU FOBHI0 THN "HLIKIAN, MH 'HDH
PRESBUTERO$ 'HI$:
SW _ "HKISTA GE, 'W* KRITWN; "IKANON TEKMHRION 'ECW0 KAI
PARAMUQION TOU* MH FOBEISQAI. 'AUTW GAR TOUTW, "W$ 'EPO$
'EIPEIN, GERONTE 'ONTE 'HRXASQHN TAUTH$ TH$ SOFIA$ "H$ 'EGWGE
'EPIQUMW0, TH$ 'ERISTIKH$; PERUSIN 'H= PROPERUSIN 'OUDEPW 'HSTHN
<P 272C>
SOFW. 'ALL' 'EGW "EN MONON FOBOUMAI, MH 'AU 'ONEIDO$ TOIN
XENOIN PERIAYW4, "WSPER KONNWI TW*I MHTROBIOU, TW*I KIQARISTHI,
"O$ 'EME DIDASKEI0 'ETI KAI NU*N KIQARIZEIN; "ORWNTE$ 'OUN "OI PAIDE$
"OI SUMFOITHTAI MOI 'EMOU4 TE KATAGELWSI0 KAI TON KONNON
KALOUSI0 GERONTODIDASKALON. MH 'OUN-KAI TOIN XENOIN TI$
'TAUTON TOUTO 'ONEIDISHI6; "OI D' 'AUTO TOUTO 'ISW$ FOBOUMENOI
TACA ME 'OUK 'AN4 'EQELOIEN PROSDEXASQAI. 'EGW D', 'W* KRITWN,
'EKEISE MEN 'ALLOU$ PEPEIKA SUMMAQHTA$ MOI FOITAN PRESBUTA$,
<P 272D>
'ENTAUQA DE-GE "ETEROU$ PEIRASOMAI PEIQEIN. KAI SU TI=
'OU SUMFOITA*I$0: "W$ DE DELEAR 'AUTOI$ 'AXOMEN TOU$ SOU$ "UEI$;
'EFIEMENOI GAR 'EKEINWN 'OID' "OTI4 KAI "HMA$ PAIDEUSOUSIN2.
KR _ 'ALL' 'OUDEN KWLUEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EA=N GE SOI4 DOKHI5.
PRWTON DE MOI DIHGHSAI THN SOFIAN TOIN 'ANDROIN TI=$ 'ESTIN,
"INA 'EIDW "OTI2 KAI MAQHSOMEQA.
SW _ 'OUK 'AN4 FQANOI$ 'AKOUWN; "W$ 'OUK 'AN4 'ECOIMI GE 'EIPEIN
"OTI4 'OU PROSEICON TON NOUN 'AUTOIN, 'ALLA= PANU KAI PROSEICON
KAI MEMNHMAI, KAI SOI4 PEIRASOMAI 'EX 'ARCH$ "APANTA DIHGHSASQAI.
<P 272E>
KATA QEON GAR TINA 'ETUCON KAQHMENO$ 'ENTAUQA,
"OUPER SU ME 'EIDE$, 'EN TW*I 'APODUTHRIWI MONO$, KAI 'HDH 'EN NWI
'EICON 'ANASTHNAI0; 'ANISTAMENOU DE MOU 'EGENETO TO 'EIWQO$
SHMEION TO DAIMONION. PALIN 'OUN 'EKAQEZOMHN, KAI 'OLIGWI


<P 273A>
"USTERON 'EISERCESQON0 TOUTW % "O T' 'EUQUDHMO$ KAI "O DIONUSODWRO$ %
KAI 'ALLOI MAQHTAI "AMA 'AU POLLOI 'EMOI4 DOKEIN;
'EISELQONTE DE PERIEPATEITHN 'EN TW*I KATASTEGWI DROMWI. KAI
'OUPW TOUTW DU' 'H= TREI$ DROMOU$ PERIELHLUQOTE 'HSTHN,
KAI 'EISERCETAI KLEINIA$, "ON SU FH=I$ POLU 'EPIDEDWKENAI,
'ALHQH LEGWN; 'OPISQEN DE 'AUTOU4 'ERASTAI PANU POLLOI TE-KAI
'ALLOI KAI KTHSIPPO$, NEANISKO$ TI$ PAIANIEU$, MALA
KALO$ TE 'KAGAQO$ THN FUSIN, "OSON MH "UBRISTH$ DE8 DIA= TO
<P 273B>
NEO$ 'EINAI. 'IDWN 'OUN ME "O KLEINIA$ 'APO TH$ 'EISODOU MONON
KAQHMENON, 'ANTIKRU$ 'IWN PAREKAQEZETO 'EK DEXIA$, "WSPER KAI
SU FH=I$. 'IDONTE DE 'AUTON "O TE DIONUSODWRO$ KAI "O 'EUQUDHMO$
PRWTON MEN 'EPISTANTE DIELEGESQHN 'ALLHLOIN, 'ALLHN
KAI 'ALLHN 'APOBLEPONTE 'EI$ "HMA$ % KAI-GAR PANU 'AUTOIN
PROSEICON TON NOUN % 'EPEITA 'IONTE "O MEN PARA TO MEIRAKION
'EKAQEZETO, "O 'EUQUDHMO$, "O DE PAR' 'AUTON 'EME 'EX 'ARISTERA$,
"OI D' 'ALLOI "W$ "EKASTO$ 'ETUGCANEN.
<P 273C>
'HSPAZOMHN 'OUN 'AUTW "ATE DIA= CRONOU "EWRAKW$; META DE
TOUTO 'EIPON PRO$ TON KLEINIAN; 'W* KLEINIA, TWDE MENTOI TW
'ANDRE SOFW, 'EUQUDHMO$ TE-KAI DIONUSODWRO$, 'OU TA SMIKRA
'ALLA= TA MEGALA; TA GAR PERI= TON POLEMON PANTA 'EPISTASQON0,
"OSA DEI TON MELLONTA 'AGAQON STRATHGON 'ESESQAI,
TA$ TE TAXEI$ KAI TA$ "HGEMONIA$ TWN STRATOPEDWN KAI "OSA8
'EN "OPLOI$ MACESQAI DIDAKTEON8; "OIW-TE DE-KAI POIHSAI0
DUNATON 'EINAI 'AUTON "AUTWI BOHQEIN 'EN TOI$ DIKASTHRIOI$, 'AN2
TI$ 'AUTON 'ADIKHI5.
<P 273D>
'EIPWN 'OUN TAUTA KATEFRONHQHN "UP' 'AUTOIN; 'EGELASATHN
'OUN 'AMFW BLEYANTE 'EI$ 'ALLHLW, KAI "O 'EUQUDHMO$ 'EI*PEN;
'OUTOI 'ETI TAUTA, 'W* SWKRATE$, SPOUDAZOMEN, 'ALLA= PARERGOI$
'AUTOI$ CRWMEQA0.
'KAGW QAUMASA$ 'EIPON; KALON 'AN4 POU TO 'ERGON "UMWN 'EIH,
'EI THLIKAUTA PRAGMATA PARERGA "UMIN TUGCANEI0 'ONTA, KAI
PRO$ QEWN 'EIPETON4 MOI TI= 'ESTI TOUTO TO KALON.
'ARETHN, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OIOMEQA "OIW-T'-'EINAI PARADOUNAI0
KALLIST' 'ANQRWPWN KAI TACISTA.
<P 273E>
'W* ZEU, "OION, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, LEGETON0 PRAGMA; PO=QEN TOUTO
TO "ERMAION "HURETHN: 'EGW DE PERI= "UMWN DIENOOUMHN 'ETI, "WSPER
NUNDH 'ELEGON, "W$ TO POLU TOUTO DEINOIN 'ONTOIN, 'EN "OPLOI$
MACESQAI, KAI TAUTA 'ELEGON PERI= SFWIN; "OTE GAR TO PROTERON
'EPEDHMHSATHN, TOUTO MEMNHMAI SFW 'EPAGGELLOMENW. 'EI
DE NU*N 'ALHQW$ TAUTHN THN 'EPISTHMHN 'ECETON0, "ILEW 'EITON %
'ATECNW$ GAR 'EGWGE SFW "WSPER QEW PROSAGOREUW0, SUGGNWMHN


<P 274A>
DEOMENO$ 'ECEIN MOI TWN 'EMPROSQEN 'EIRHMENWN. 'ALL'
"ORATON4, 'W* 'EUQUDHME TE-KAI DIONUSODWRE, 'EI 'ALHQH LEGETON0;
"UPO GAR TOU* MEGEQOU$ TOU* 'EPAGGELMATO$ 'OUDEN QAUMASTON
'APISTEIN.
'ALL' 'EU 'ISQI, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EFATON8, TOUTO "OUTW$ 'ECON.
MAKARIZW0 'A=R' "UMA$ 'EGWGE TOU* KTHMATO$ POLU MALLON 'H=
MEGAN BASILEA TH$ 'ARCH$; TOSONDE DE MOI 'EIPETON4, 'EI 'EN NWI
'ECETON0 'EPIDEIKNUNAI TAUTHN THN SOFIAN, 'H= PW*$ SFWIN
BEBOULEUTAI.
'EP' 'AUTO GE TOUTO PARESMEN, 'W* SWKRATE$, "W$ 'EPIDEIXONTE
<P 274B>
KAI DIDAXONTE, 'EA=N TI$ 'EQELHI5 MANQANEIN.
'ALL' "OTI4 MEN 'EQELHSOUSIN2 "APANTE$ "OI MH 'ECONTE$, 'EGW
"UMIN 'EGGUWMAI0, PRWTO$ MEN 'EGW, 'EPEITA DE KLEINIA$ "OUTOSI,
PRO$ D' "HMIN KTHSIPPO$ TE "ODE KAI "OI 'ALLOI "OUTOI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW
DEIKNU$ 'AUTWI TOU$ 'ERASTA$ TOU$ KLEINIOU; "OI DE 'ETUGCANON
"HMA$ 'HDH PERIISTAMENOI. "O GAR KTHSIPPO$ 'ETUCE PORRW
KAQEZOMENO$ TOU* KLEINIOU % 'KAMOI4 DOKEIN "W$ 'ETUGCANEN "O
'EUQUDHMO$ 'EMOI4 DIALEGOMENO$ PRONENEUKW$ 'EI$ TO PROSQEN,
<P 274C>
'EN MESWI 'ONTO$ "HMWN TOU* KLEINIOU 'EPESKOTEI TW*I KTHSIPPWI
TH$ QEA$ % BOULOMENO$ TE-'OUN QEASASQAI "O KTHSIPPO$ TA
PAIDIKA KAI "AMA FILHKOO$ 'WN 'ANAPHDHSA$ PRWTO$ PROSESTH
"HMIN 'EN TW*I KATANTIKRU; "OUTW$ 'OUN-KAI "OI 'ALLOI 'EKEINON
'IDONTE$ PERIESTHSAN "HMA$, "OI TE TOU* KLEINIOU 'ERASTAI KAI
"OI TOU* 'EUQUDHMOU TE-KAI DIONUSODWROU "ETAIROI. TOUTOU$ DH
'EGW DEIKNU$ 'ELEGON TW*I 'EUQUDHMWI "OTI4 PANTE$ "ETOIMOI 'EIEN
<P 274D>
MANQANEIN; "O TE-'OUN KTHSIPPO$ SUNEFH MALA PROQUMW$
KAI "OI 'ALLOI, KAI 'EKELEUON 'AUTW KOINHI PANTE$ 'EPIDEIXASQAI
THN DUNAMIN TH$ SOFIA$.
'EIPON 'OUN 'EGW; 'W* 'EUQUDHME KAI DIONUSODWRE, PANU MEN-'OUN
PANTI TROPWI KAI TOUTOI$ CARISASQON KAI 'EMOU4 "ENEKA
'EPIDEIXASQON. TA MEN-'OUN PLEISTA DHLON "OTI4 'OUK 'OLIGON
'ERGON 'EPIDEIXAI0; TODE DE MOI 'EIPETON4, POTERON PEPEISMENON
'HDH "W$ CRH PAR' "UMWN MANQANEIN DUNAISQ' 'AN4 'AGAQON POIHSAI0
<P 274E>
'ANDRA MONON, 'H=-KAI 'EKEINON TON MHPW PEPEISMENON DIA= TO MH
'OIESQAI "OLW$ TO PRAGMA THN 'ARETHN MAQHTON 'EINAI 'H= MH SFW
'EINAI 'AUTH$ DIDASKALW: FERE, KAI TON "OUTW$ 'ECONTA TH$
'AUTH$ TECNH$ 'ERGON PEISAI0 "W$ KAI DIDAKTON "H 'ARETH KAI "OUTOI
"UMEI$ 'ESTE0 PAR' "WN 'AN4 KALLISTA TI$ 'AUTO MAQOI, 'H= 'ALLH$:
TAUTH$ MEN-'OUN, 'EFH, TH$ 'AUTH$, 'W* SWKRATE$, "O
DIONUSODWRO$.
"UMEI$ 'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* DIONUSODWRE, TWN NU*N 'ANQRWPWN


<P 275A>
KALLIST' 'AN4 PROTREYAITE 'EI$ FILOSOFIAN KAI 'ARETH$
'EPIMELEIAN:
'OIOMEQA GE-DH, 'W* SWKRATE$.
TWN MEN-TOINUN 'ALLWN THN 'EPIDEIXIN "HMIN, 'EFHN, 'EI$ 'AUQI$
'APOQESQON, TOUTO D' 'AUTO 'EPIDEIXASQON; TOUTONI TON NEANISKON
PEISATON "W$ CRH FILOSOFEIN KAI 'ARETH$ 'EPIMELEISQAI, KAI
CARIEISQON 'EMOI4 TE-KAI TOUTOISI PASIN. SUMBEBHKEN0 GAR TI
TOIOUTON TW*I MEIRAKIWI TOUTWI; 'EGW TE-KAI "OIDE PANTE$ TUGCANOMEN
'EPIQUMOUNTE$ "W$ BELTISTON 'AUTON GENESQAI. 'ESTI DE
"OUTO$ 'AXIOCOU MEN "UO$ TOU* 'ALKIBIADOU TOU* PALAIOU, 'AUTANEYIO$
<P 275B>
DE TOU* NU*N 'ONTO$ 'ALKIBIADOU; 'ONOMA D' 'AUTWI KLEINIA$.
'ESTI DE NEO$; FOBOUMEQA DH PERI= 'AUTWI, "OION 'EIKO$ PERI= NEWI,
MH TI$ FQHI "HMA$ 'EP' 'ALLO TI 'EPITHDEUMA TREYA$ 'AUTOU4 THN
DIANOIAN KAI DIAFQEIRHI65. SFW 'OUN "HKETON0 'EI$ KALLISTON;
'ALL' 'EI MH TI DIAFEREI0 "UMIN, LABETON PEIRAN TOU* MEIRAKIOU
KAI DIALECQHTON 'ENANTION "HMWN.
'EIPONTO$ 'OUN 'EMOU4 SCEDON TI 'AUTA TAUTA "O 'EUQUDHMO$
"AMA 'ANDREIW$ TE-KAI QARRALEW$, 'ALL' 'OUDEN DIAFEREI0, 'W*
<P 275C>
SWKRATE$, 'EFH, 'EA=N MONON 'EQELHI5 'APOKRINESQAI "O NEANISKO$.
'ALLA=-MEN-DH, 'EFHN 'EGW, TOUTO GE-KAI 'EIQISTAI; QAMA GAR
'AUTWI "OIDE PROSIONTE$ POLLA 'ERWTWSIN0 TE-KAI DIALEGONTAI,
"WSTE 'EPIEIKW$ QARREI0 TO 'APOKRINASQAI.
TA DH META TAUTA, 'W* KRITWN, PW*$ 'AN4 KALW$ SOI4 DIHGHSAIMHN:
'OU-GAR SMIKRON TO 'ERGON DUNASQAI 'ANALABEIN
DIEXIONTA SOFIAN 'AMHCANON "OSHN; "WST' 'EGWGE, KAQAPER "OI
<P 275D>
POIHTAI, DEOMAI 'ARCOMENO$ TH$ DIHGHSEW$ MOUSA$ TE-KAI
MNHMOSUNHN 'EPIKALEISQAI. 'HRXATO D'-'OUN 'ENQENDE POQEN
"O 'EUQUDHMO$, "W$ 'EGWIMAI; 'W* KLEINIA, POTEROI 'EISI TWN
'ANQRWPWN "OI MANQANONTE$, "OI SOFOI 'H= "OI 'AMAQEI$:
KAI TO MEIRAKION, "ATE MEGALOU 'ONTO$ TOU* 'ERWTHMATO$,
'HRUQRIASEN TE-KAI 'APORHSA$ 'ENEBLEYEN 'EI$ 'EME; KAI 'EGW
GNOU$ 'AUTON TEQORUBHMENON, QARREI5, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* KLEINIA,
<P 275E>
KAI 'APOKRINAI2 'ANDREIW$, "OPO=TERA SOI4 FAINETAI; 'ISW$ GAR-TOI
'WFELEI30 THN MEGISTHN 'WFELIAN.
KAI 'EN TOUTWI "O DIONUSODWRO$ PROSKUYA$ MOI MIKRON
PRO$ TO 'OU$, PANU MEIDIASA$ TW*I PROSWPWI, KAI MHN, 'EFH,
SOI4, 'W* SWKRATE$, PROLEGW0 "OTI4 "OPO=TER' 'AN4 'APOKRINHTAI TO
MEIRAKION, 'EXELEGCQHSETAI.
KAI 'AUTOU4 METAXU TAUTA LEGONTO$ "O KLEINIA$ 'ETUCEN
'APOKRINAMENO$, "WSTE 'OUDE PARAKELEUSASQAI MOI 'EXEGENETO


<P 276A>
'EULABHQHNAI TW*I MEIRAKIWI, 'ALL' 'APEKRINATO "OTI4 "OI SOFOI
'EIEN "OI MANQANONTE$.
KAI "O 'EUQUDHMO$, KALEI$0 DE TINA$, 'EFH, DIDASKALOU$, 'H=
'OU=: "WMOLOGEI. 'OUKOU*N TWN MANQANONTWN0 "OI DIDASKALOI
DIDASKALOI 'EISIN, "WSPER "O KIQARISTH$ KAI "O GRAMMATISTH$
DIDASKALOI DHPOU 'HSAN SOU4 KAI TWN 'ALLWN PAIDWN, "UMEI$
DE MAQHTAI: SUNEFH. 'ALLO TI 'OUN, "HNIKA 'EMANQANETE,
'OUPW 'HPISTASQE TAUTA "A 'EMANQANETE: 'OUK 'EFH. 'A*R'-'OUN
<P 276B>
SOFOI 'HTE, "OTE TAUTA 'OUK 'HPISTASQE: 'OU-DHTA, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'OUKOU*N 'EI MH SOFOI, 'AMAQEI$: PANU GE. "UMEI$ 'A=RA
MANQANONTE$ "A 'OUK 'HPISTASQE, 'AMAQEI$ 'ONTE$ 'EMANQANETE.
'EPENEUSE TO MEIRAKION. "OI 'AMAQEI$ 'A=RA MANQANOUSIN0, 'W*
KLEINIA, 'ALL' 'OUC "OI SOFOI, "W$ SU 'OIEI.
TAUT' 'OUN 'EIPONTO$ 'AUTOU4, "WSPER "UPO DIDASKALOU CORO$
'APOSHMHNANTO$, "AMA 'ANEQORUBHSAN TE-KAI 'EGELASAN "OI "EPOMENOI
<P 276C>
'EKEINOI META TOU* DIONUSODWROU TE-KAI 'EUQUDHMOU; KAI
PRIN 'ANAPNEUSAI0 KALW$ TE-KAI 'EU TO MEIRAKION, 'EKDEXAMENO$
"O DIONUSODWRO$, TI= DE, 'W* KLEINIA, 'EFH, "OPOTE 'APOSTOMATIZOI
"UMIN "O GRAMMATISTH$, POTEROI 'EMANQANON TWN PAIDWN TA
'APOSTOMATIZOMENA, "OI SOFOI 'H= "OI 'AMAQEI$: "OI SOFOI, 'EFH
"O KLEINIA$. "OI SOFOI 'A=RA MANQANOUSIN0 'ALL' 'OUC "OI 'AMAQEI$,
KAI 'OUK 'EU SU 'ARTI 'EUQUDHMWI 'APEKRINW.
<P 276D>
'ENTAUQA DH-KAI PANU MEGA 'EGELASAN TE-KAI 'EQORUBHSAN
"OI 'ERASTAI TOIN 'ANDROIN, 'AGASQENTE$ TH$ SOFIA$ 'AUTOIN; "OI
D' 'ALLOI "HMEI$ 'EKPEPLHGMENOI 'ESIWPWMEN. GNOU$ DE "HMA$
"O 'EUQUDHMO$ 'EKPEPLHGMENOU$, "IN' 'ETI MALLON QAUMAZOIMEN
'AUTON, 'OUK 'ANIEI6 TO MEIRAKION, 'ALL' 'HRWTA, KAI "WSPER "OI
'AGAQOI 'ORCHSTAI, DIPLA 'ESTREFE TA 'ERWTHMATA PERI= TOU*
'AUTOU4, KAI 'EFH; POTERON GAR "OI MANQANONTE$ MANQANOUSIN0
"A 'EPISTANTAI 'H= "A MH 'EPISTANTAI:
KAI "O DIONUSODWRO$ PALIN MIKRON PRO$ ME YIQURISA$,
<P 276E>
KAI TOUT', 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$ "ETERON TOIOUTON "OION TO
PROTERON.
'W* ZEU, 'EFHN 'EGW 'H*-MHN-KAI TO PROTERON GE KALON "HMIN
'EFANH TO 'ERWTHMA.
PANT', 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, TOIAUTA "HMEI$ 'ERWTWMEN0 'AFUKTA.
TOIGARTOI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DOKEITE0 MOI 'EUDOKIMEIN PARA TOI$
MAQHTAI$.
'EN DE TOUTWI "O MEN KLEINIA$ TW*I 'EUQUDHMWI 'APEKRINATO
"OTI4 MANQANOIEN "OI MANQANONTE$ "A 'OUK 'EPISTAINTO; "O DE 'HRETO


<P 277A>
'AUTON DIA= TWN 'AUTWN "WNPER TO PROTERON; TI= DE: 'H*-D'-"O$, 'OUK
'EPISTASAI SU GRAMMATA: NAI, 'EFH. 'OUKOU*N "APANTA:
"WMOLOGEI. "OTAN 'OUN TI$ 'APOSTOMATIZHI5 "OTIOUN, 'OU GRAMMATA
'APOSTOMATIZEI0: "WMOLOGEI. 'OUKOU*N "WN TI SU 'EPISTASAI,
'EFH, 'APOSTOMATIZEI0, 'EIPER PANTA 'EPISTASAI: KAI TOUTO
"WMOLOGEI. TI= 'OUN: 'H*-D'-"O$, 'A*RA SU 'OU7 MANQANEI$ "ATT' 'AN4
'APOSTOMATIZHI5 TI$, "O DE MH 'EPISTAMENO$ GRAMMATA MANQANEI0:
'OU=K, 'ALL', 'H*-D'-"O$, MANQANW0. 'OUKOU*N "A 'EPISTASAI, 'H*-D'-"O$,
<P 277B>
MANQANEI$, 'EIPER GE "APANTA TA GRAMMATA 'EPISTASAI.
"WMOLOGHSEN. 'OUK-'A=RA 'ORQW$ 'APEKRINW, 'EFH.
KAI 'OUPW SFODRA TI TAUTA 'EIRHTO TW*I 'EUQUDHMWI, KAI "O
DIONUSODWRO$ "WSPER SFAIRAN 'EKDEXAMENO$ TON LOGON PALIN
'ESTOCAZETO TOU* MEIRAKIOU, KAI 'EI*PEN; 'EXAPATA*I0 SE 'EUQUDHMO$,
'W* KLEINIA. 'EIPE= GAR MOI, TO MANQANEIN 'OUK 'EPISTHMHN
'ESTI LAMBANEIN TOUTOU "OU 'AN4 TI$ MANQANHI5: "WMOLOGEI "O
KLEINIA$. TO D' 'EPISTASQAI, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'ALLO TI 'H= 'ECEIN
'EPISTHMHN 'HDH 'ESTIN: SUNEFH. TO 'A=RA MH 'EPISTASQAI
<P 277C>
MHPW 'ECEIN 'EPISTHMHN 'ESTIN: "WMOLOGEI 'AUTWI. POTERON
'OUN 'EISIN "OI LAMBANONTE$ "OTIOUN "OI 'ECONTE$ 'HDH 'H= "OI= 'AN4 MH
'ECWSIN: "OI= 'AN4 MH. 'OUKOU*N "WMOLOGHKA$ 'EINAI TOUTWN KAI
TOU$ MH 'EPISTAMENOU$, TWN MH 'ECONTWN0: KATENEUSE.
TWN LAMBANONTWN0 'A=R' 'EISIN "OI MANQANONTE$, 'ALL' 'OU TWN
'ECONTWN0: SUNEFH. "OI MH 'EPISTAMENOI 'A=RA, 'EFH, MANQANOUSIN0,
'W* KLEINIA, 'ALL' 'OUC "OI 'EPISTAMENOI.
<P 277D>
'ETI DH 'EPI TO TRITON KATABALWN0 "WSPER PALAISMA "WRMA
"O 'EUQUDHMO$ TON NEANISKON; KAI 'EGW GNOU$ BAPTIZOMENON TO
MEIRAKION, BOULOMENO$ 'ANAPAUSAI0 'AUTO, MH "HMIN 'APODEILIASEIE,
PARAMUQOUMENO$ 'EIPON; 'W* KLEINIA, MH QAUMAZE 'EI
SOI4 FAINONTAI 'AHQEI$ "OI LOGOI. 'ISW$ GAR 'OUK 'AISQANHI0
"OION POIEITON0 TW XENW PERI= SE; POIEITON0 DE 'TAUTON "OPER
"OI 'EN THI TELETHI TWN KORUBANTWN, "OTAN THN QRONWSIN
POIWSIN PERI= TOUTON "ON 'AN4 MELLWSI TELEIN20. KAI-GAR 'EKEI
COREIA TI$ 'ESTI KAI PAIDIA, 'EI 'A=RA-KAI TETELESAI; KAI NU*N
<P 277E>
TOUTW 'OUDEN 'ALLO 'H= COREUETON0 PERI= SE KAI "OION 'ORCEISQON0
PAIZONTE, "W$ META TOUTO TELOUNTE2. NU*N 'OUN NOMISON2 TA
PRWTA TWN "IERWN 'AKOUEIN TWN SOFISTIKWN. PRWTON GAR,
"W$ FHSI PRODIKO$, PERI= 'ONOMATWN 'ORQOTHTO$ MAQEIN DEI;
"O= DH-KAI 'ENDEIKNUSQON0 SOI4 TW XENW, "OTI4 'OUK 'HIDHSQA TO
MANQANEIN "OTI4 "OI 'ANQRWPOI KALOUSI0 MEN 'EPI TW*I TOIWIDE, "OTAN
TI$ 'EX 'ARCH$ MHDEMIAN 'ECWN 'EPISTHMHN PERI= PRAGMATO$


<P 278A>
TINO$ 'EPEITA "USTERON 'AUTOU4 LAMBANHI5 THN 'EPISTHMHN, KALOUSI0
DE 'TAUTON TOUTO KAI 'EPEIDAN 'ECWN 'HDH THN 'EPISTHMHN TAUTHI
THI 'EPISTHMHI 'TAUTON TOUTO PRAGMA 'EPISKOPHI5 'H= PRATTOMENON
'H= LEGOMENON % MALLON MEN 'AUTO SUNIENAI KALOUSIN0 'H= MANQANEIN,
'ESTI D' "OTE KAI MANQANEIN % SE DE TOUTO, "W$ "OUTOI
'ENDEIKNUNTAI, DIALELHQEN0, 'TAUTON 'ONOMA 'EP' 'ANQRWPOI$ 'ENANTIW$
'ECOUSIN4 KEIMENON, TW*I TE 'EIDOTI KAI 'EPI TW*I MH; PARAPLHSION
DE TOUTWI KAI TO 'EN TW*I DEUTERWI 'ERWTHMATI, 'EN "WI
<P 278B>
'HRWTWN SE PO=TERA MANQANOUSIN0 "OI 'ANQRWPOI "A 'EPISTANTAI
'H= "A MH. TAUTA DH TWN MAQHMATWN PAIDIA 'ESTIN % DIO KAI
FHMI 'EGW SOI4 TOUTOU$ PROSPAIZEIN % PAIDIAN DE LEGW0 DIA=
TAUTA, "OTI4, 'EI KAI POLLA TI$ 'H=-KAI PANTA TA TOIAUTA MAQOI,
TA MEN PRAGMATA 'OUDEN 'AN4 MALLON 'EIDEIH PH*I 'ECEI0, PROSPAIZEIN
DE "OIO$-T' 'AN4 'EIH TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ DIA= THN TWN 'ONOMATWN
DIAFORAN "UPOSKELIZWN KAI 'ANATREPWN, "WSPER "OI TA
SKOLUQRIA TWN MELLONTWN0 KAQIZHSESQAI "UPOSPWNTE$ CAIROUSI0
<P 278C>
KAI GELWSIN0, 'EPEIDAN 'IDWSIN "UPTION 'ANATETRAMMENON. TAUTA
MEN-'OUN SOI4 PARA TOUTWN NOMIZE PAIDIAN GEGONENAI; TO DE
META TAUTA DHLON "OTI4 TOUTW GE SOI4 'AUTW TA SPOUDAI*A
'ENDEIXESQON, KAI 'EGW "UFHGHSOMAI 'AUTOIN "INA MOI "O= "UPESCONTO
'APODWSIN. 'EFATHN GAR 'EPIDEIXASQAI THN PROTREPTIKHN
SOFIAN; NU*N DE, MOI DOKEI0, DEIN 'WIHQHTHN PROTERON PAISAI0
PRO$ SE. TAUTA MEN-'OUN, 'W* 'EUQUDHME TE-KAI DIONUSODWRE,
<P 278D>
PEPAISQW TE "UMIN, KAI 'ISW$ "IKANW$ 'ECEI0; TO DE-DH META
TAUTA 'EPIDEIXATON PROTREPONTE TO MEIRAKION "OPW$ CRH
SOFIA$ TE-KAI 'ARETH$ 'EPIMELHQHNAI. PROTERON D' 'EGW SFWIN
'ENDEIXOMAI "OION 'AUTO "UPOLAMBANW0 KAI "OIOU 'AUTOU4 'EPIQUMW0
'AKOUSAI0. 'EA=N 'OUN DOXW4 "UMIN 'IDIWTIKW$ TE-KAI GELOIW$ 'AUTO
POIEIN, MH MOU KATAGELATE3; "UPO PROQUMIA$ GAR TOU* 'AKOUSAI0
TH$ "UMETERA$ SOFIA$ TOLMHSW2 'APAUTOSCEDIASAI0 'ENANTION
<P 278E>
"UMWN. 'ANASCESQON 'OUN 'AGELASTI 'AKOUONTE$ 'AUTOI TE-KAI
"OI MAQHTAI "UMWN; SU DE MOI, 'W* PAI 'AXIOCOU, 'APOKRINAI2.
'A*RA-GE PANTE$ 'ANQRWPOI BOULOMEQA 'EU PRATTEIN: 'H=
TOUTO MEN 'ERWTHMA "WN NUNDH 'EFOBOUMHN "EN TWN KATAGELASTWN:
'ANOHTON GAR-DHPOU-KAI TO 'ERWTAN TA TOIAUTA; TI=$ GAR
'OU BOULETAI 'ANQRWPWN 'EU PRATTEIN: 'OUDEI$ "OSTI$ 'OU=K, 'EFH


<P 279A>
"O KLEINIA$. 'EIEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; TO DH META TOUTO, 'EPEIDH BOULOMEQA
'EU PRATTEIN, PW*$ 'AN4 'EU PRATTOIMEN: 'A*R' 'AN4 'EI "HMIN
POLLA 'KAGAQA 'EIH: 'H= TOUTO 'EKEINOU 'ETI 'EUHQESTERON: DHLON
GAR-POU-KAI TOUTO "OTI4 "OUTW$ 'ECEI0. SUNEFH. FERE DH,
'AGAQA DE POI*A 'A=RA TWN 'ONTWN0 TUGCANEI0 "HMIN 'ONTA: 'H= 'OU
CALEPON 'OUDE SEMNOU 'ANDRO$ PANU TI 'OUDE TOUTO 'EOIKEN0 'EINAI
'EUPOREIN: PA$ GAR 'AN4 "HMIN 'EIPOI "OTI4 TO PLOUTEIN 'AGAQON;
'H*-GAR: PANU G', 'EFH. 'OUKOU*N-KAI TO "UGIAINEIN KAI TO
<P 279B>
KALON 'EINAI KAI 'TALLA KATA TO SWMA "IKANW$ PARESKEUASQAI:
SUNEDOKEI. 'ALLA=-MHN 'EUGENEIAI GE-KAI DUNAMEI$ KAI
TIMAI 'EN THI "EAUTOU DHLA 'ESTIN 'AGAQA 'ONTA. "WMOLOGEI.
TI= 'OUN, 'EFHN, 'ETI "HMIN LEIPETAI TWN 'AGAQWN: TI= 'A=RA 'ESTIN
TO SWFRONA TE 'EINAI KAI DIKAION KAI 'ANDREION: POTERON
PRO$ DIO$, 'W* KLEINIA, "HGHI0 SU, 'EA=N TAUTA TIQWMEN "W$
'AGAQA, 'ORQW$ "HMA$ QHSEIN, 'H= 'EA=N MH: 'ISW$ GAR 'AN4 TI$ "HMIN
'AMFISBHTHSEIEN; SOI4 DE PW*$ DOKEI0: 'AGAQA, 'EFH "O KLEINIA$.
<P 279C>
'EIEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; THN DE SOFIAN POU* COROU TAXOMEN:
'EN TOI$ 'AGAQOI$, 'H= PW*$ LEGEI$: 'EN TOI$ 'AGAQOI$. 'ENQUMOU
DH MH TI PARALEIPWMEN TWN 'AGAQWN, "OTI2 KAI 'AXION
LOGOU. 'ALLA= MOI DOKOUMEN, 'EFH, 'OUDEN, "O KLEINIA$. KAI
'EGW 'ANAMNHSQEI$ 'EIPON "OTI4 NAI MA DI=A KINDUNEUOMEN GE
TO MEGISTON TWN 'AGAQWN PARALIPEIN. TI= TOUTO: 'H*-D'-"O$.
THN 'EUTUCIAN, 'W* KLEINIA; "O= PANTE$ FASI0, KAI "OI PANU
FAULOI, MEGISTON TWN 'AGAQWN 'EINAI. 'ALHQH LEGEI$, 'EFH.
KAI 'EGW 'AU PALIN METANOHSA$ 'EIPON "OTI4 'OLIGOU KATAGELASTOI
<P 279D>
'EGENOMEQA "UPO TWN XENWN 'EGW TE-KAI SU, 'W* PAI
'AXIOCOU. TI= DH, 'EFH, TOUTO: "OTI4 'EUTUCIAN 'EN TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN
QEMENOI NUNDH 'AUQI$ PERI= TOU* 'AUTOU4 'ELEGOMEN.
TI= 'OUN-DH TOUTO: KATAGELASTON DHPOU, "O= PALAI PROKEITAI,
TOUTO PALIN PROTIQENAI KAI DI$ 'TAUTA LEGEIN. PW*$ 'EFH,
TOUTO LEGEI$: "H SOFIA DHPOU, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EUTUCIA 'ESTIN;
TOUTO DE 'KAN4 PAI$ GNOIH. KAI "O$ 'EQAUMASEN; "OUTW$ 'ETI NEO$
TE-KAI 'EUHQH$ 'ESTI. 'KAGW GNOU$ 'AUTON QAUMAZONTA, 'A*RA
<P 279E>
'OUK 'OISQA, 'EFHN, 'W* KLEINIA, "OTI4 PERI= 'AULHMATWN 'EUPRAGIAN
"OI 'AULHTAI 'EUTUCESTATOI 'EISIN: SUNEFH. 'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW,
KAI PERI= GRAMMATWN GRAFH$ TE-KAI 'ANAGNWSEW$ "OI
GRAMMATISTAI: PANU GE. TI= DE: PRO$ TOU$ TH$ QALATTH$
KINDUNOU$ MWN 'OIEI 'EUTUCESTEROU$ TINA$ 'EINAI TWN SOFWN
KUBERNHTWN, "W$ 'EPI PAN 'EIPEIN: 'OU-DHTA. TI= DE: STRATEUOMENO$
META POTEROU 'AN4 "HDION TOU* KINDUNOU TE-KAI TH$


<P 280A>
TUCH$ METECOI$ META SOFOU STRATHGOU 'H= META 'AMAQOU$:
META SOFOU. TI= DE: 'ASQENWN META POTEROU 'AN4 "HDEW$
KINDUNEUOI$, META SOFOU 'IATROU 'H= META 'AMAQOU$: META
SOFOU. 'A*R'-'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OTI4 'EUTUCESTERON 'AN4 'OIEI PRATTEIN
META SOFOU PRATTWN 'H= META 'AMAQOU$: SUNECWREI.
"H SOFIA 'A=RA PANTACOU 'EUTUCEIN POIEI0 TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$.
'OU-GAR-DHPOU "AMARTANOI G' 'AN4 POTE TI SOFIA, 'ALL' 'ANAGKH
'ORQW$ PRATTEIN KAI TUGCANEIN; 'H*-GAR 'AN4 'OUKETI SOFIA 'EIH.
<P 280B>
SUNWMOLOGHSAMEQA TELEUTWNTE$ 'OUK 'OID' "OPW$ 'EN KEFALAIWI
"OUTW TOUTO 'ECEIN, SOFIA$ PAROUSH$, "WI 'AN4 PARHI, MHDEN
PROSDEISQAI 'EUTUCIA$; 'EPEIDH DE TOUTO SUNWMOLOGHSAMEQA,
PALIN 'EPUNQANOMHN 'AUTOU4 TA PROTERON "WMOLOGHMENA PW*$
'AN4 "HMIN 'ECOI. "WMOLOGHSAMEN GAR, 'EFHN, 'EI "HMIN 'AGAQA
POLLA PAREIH, 'EUDAIMONEIN 'AN4 KAI 'EU PRATTEIN. SUNEFH.
'A*R'-'OUN 'EUDAIMONOIMEN 'AN4 DIA= TA PARONTA 'AGAQA, 'EI MHDEN
"HMA$ 'WFELOI 'H= 'EI 'WFELOI: 'EI 'WFELOI, 'EFH. 'A*R'-'OUN 'AN4
<P 280C>
TI 'WFELOI, 'EI 'EIH MONON "HMIN, CRWIMEQA D' 'AUTOI$ MH: "OION
SITIA 'EI "HMIN 'EIH POLLA, 'ESQIOIMEN DE MH, 'H= POTON, PINOIMEN
DE MH, 'ESQ' "OTI2 'WFELOIMEQ' 'AN4: 'OU-DHTA, 'EFH. TI= DE:
"OI DHMIOURGOI PANTE$, 'EI 'AUTOI$ 'EIH PANTA TA 'EPITH=DEIA
PARESKEUASMENA "EKASTWI 'EI$ TO "EAUTOU 'ERGON, CRWINTO DE
'AUTOI$ MH, 'A*R' 'AN4 "OUTOI 'EU PRATTOIEN DIA= THN KTHSIN, "OTI4
KEKTHMENOI 'EIEN PANTA "A DEI KEKTHSQAI TON DHMIOURGON:
"OION TEKTWN, 'EI PARESKEUASMENO$ 'EIH TA TE 'ORGANA "APANTA
KAI XULA "IKANA, TEKTAINOITO DE MH, 'ESQ' "OTI2 'WFELOIT' 'AN4
<P 280D>
'APO TH$ KTHSEW$: 'OUDAMW$, 'EFH. TI= DE, 'EI TI$ KEKTHMENO$
'EIH PLOUTON TE-KAI "A NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN PANTA TA 'AGAQA,
CRWITO DE 'AUTOI$ MH, 'A*R' 'AN4 'EUDAIMONOI DIA= THN TOUTWN
KTHSIN TWN 'AGAQWN: 'OU-DHTA, 'W* SWKRATE$. DEI 'A=RA,
'EFHN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, MH MONON KEKTHSQAI TA TOIAUTA 'AGAQA TON
MELLONTA 'EUDAIMONA 'ESESQAI, 'ALLA=-KAI CRHSQAI 'AUTOI$; 'H=
'OUDEN 'OFELO$ TH$ KTHSEW$ GIGNETAI. 'ALHQH LEGEI$. 'A*R'-'OUN,
<P 280E>
'W* KLEINIA, 'HDH TOUTO "IKANON PRO$ TO 'EUDAIMONA POIHSAI0
TINA, TO TE KEKTHSQAI 'TAGAQA KAI TO CRHSQAI 'AUTOI$:
'EMOIGE DOKEI0. POTERON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EA=N 'ORQW$ CRHTAI2 TI$
'H=-KAI 'EA=N MH: 'EA=N 'ORQW$. KALW$ GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, LEGEI$.
PLEON GAR-POU 'OIMAI QATERON 'ESTIN, 'EA=N TI$ CRHTAI2 "OTWIOUN
MH 'ORQW$ PRAGMATI 'H= 'EA=N 'EA*I2; TO MEN-GAR KAKON, TO DE-'OUTE


<P 281A>
KAKON 'OUTE 'AGAQON. 'H= 'OUC "OUTW FAMEN: SUNECWREI. TI=
'OUN: 'EN THI 'ERGASIA\ TE-KAI CRHSEI THI PERI= TA XULA MWN
'ALLO TI 'ESTIN TO 'APERGAZOMENON 'ORQW$ CRHSQAI 'H= 'EPISTHMH
"H TEKTONIKH: 'OU-DHTA, 'EFH. 'ALLA=-MHN-POU-KAI 'EN THI
PERI= TA SKEUH 'ERGASIA\ TO 'ORQW$ 'EPISTHMH 'ESTIN "H 'APERGAZOMENH.
SUNEFH. 'A*R'-'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI PERI= THN CREIAN
"WN 'ELEGOMEN TO PRWTON TWN 'AGAQWN, PLOUTOU TE-KAI "UGIEIA$
KAI KALLOU$, TO 'ORQW$ PASI TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ CRHSQAI 'EPISTHMH
<P 281B>
'H*N "HGOUMENH KAI KATORQOUSA THN PRAXIN, 'H= 'ALLO TI:
'EPISTHMH, 'H*-D'-"O$. 'OU MONON 'A=RA 'EUTUCIAN 'ALLA=-KAI
'EUPRAGIAN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "H 'EPISTHMH PARECEI0 TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$
'EN PASHI KTHSEI TE-KAI PRAXEI. "WMOLOGEI. 'A*R'-'OUN 'W*
PRO$ DIO$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OFELO$ TI TWN 'ALLWN KTHMATWN 'ANEU
FRONHSEW$ KAI SOFIA$: 'A*RA-GE 'AN4 'ONAITO 'ANQRWPO$ POLLA
KEKTHMENO$ KAI POLLA PRATTWN NOUN MH 'ECWN, 'H= MALLON
'OLIGA NOUN 'ECWN: "WDE DE SKOPEI5; 'OUK 'ELATTW PRATTWN
<P 281C>
'ELATTW 'AN4 'EXAMARTANOI, 'ELATTW DE "AMARTANWN "HTTON 'AN4
KAKW$ PRATTOI, "HTTON DE KAKW$ PRATTWN 'AQLIO$ "HTTON 'AN4
'EIH: PANU G', 'EFH. POTERON 'OUN 'AN4 MALLON 'ELATTW TI$
PRATTOI PENH$ 'WN 'H= PLOUSIO$: PENH$, 'EFH. POTERON DE
'ASQENH$ 'H= 'ISCURO$: 'ASQENH$. POTERON DE 'ENTIMO$ 'H=
'ATIMO$: 'ATIMO$. POTERON DE 'ANDREIO$ 'WN KAI SWFRWN
'ELATTW 'AN4 PRATTOI 'H= DEILO$: DEILO$. 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'ARGO$
MALLON 'H= 'ERGATH$: SUNECWREI. KAI BRADU$ MALLON 'H=
<P 281D>
TACU$, KAI 'AMBLU "ORWN KAI 'AKOUWN MALLON 'H= 'OXU: PANTA
TA TOIAUTA SUNECWROUMEN 'ALLHLOI$. 'EN KEFALAIWI D', 'EFHN,
'W* KLEINIA, KINDUNEUEI0 SUMPANTA "A TO PRWTON 'EFAMEN 'AGAQA
'EINAI, 'OU PERI= TOUTOU "O LOGO$ 'AUTOI$ 'EINAI, "OPW$ 'AUTA GE
KAQ' "AUTA PEFUKEN0 'AGAQA 'EINAI8, 'ALL' "W$ 'EOIKEN0 "WD' 'ECEI0;
'EA=N MEN 'AUTWN "HGHTAI 'AMAQIA, MEIZW KAKA 'EINAI TWN 'ENANTIWN,
"OSWI DUNATW=TERA "UPHRETEIN TW*I "HGOUMENWI KAKWI 'ONTI,
'EA=N DE FRONHSI$ TE-KAI SOFIA, MEIZW 'AGAQA, 'AUTA DE KAQ'
<P 281E>
"AUTA 'OUDE=TERA 'AUTWN 'OUDENO$ 'A=XIA 'EINAI. FAINETAI, 'EFH,
"W$ 'EOIKEN0, "OUTW$, "W$ SU LEGEI$. TI= 'OUN "HMIN SUMBAINEI0 'EK
TWN 'EIRHMENWN: 'ALLO TI 'H= TWN MEN 'ALLWN 'OUDEN 'ON 'OUTE
'AGAQON 'OUTE KAKON, TOUTOIN DE DUOIN 'ONTOIN "H MEN SOFIA
'AGAQON, "H DE 'AMAQIA KAKON: "WMOLOGEI.


<P 282A>
'ETI TOINUN, 'EFHN, TO LOIPON 'EPISKEYWMEQA. 'EPEIDH
'EUDAIMONE$ MEN 'EINAI PROQUMOUMEQA PANTE$, 'EFANHMEN DE
TOIOUTOI GIGNOMENOI 'EK TOU* CRHSQAI TE TOI$ PRAGMASIN KAI
'ORQW$ CRHSQAI, THN DE 'ORQOTHTA KAI 'EUTUCIAN 'EPISTHMH 'H*N7
"H PARECOUSA, DEI DH, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'EK PANTO$ TROPOU "APANTA
'ANDRA TOUTO PARASKEUAZESQAI, "OPW$ "W$ SOFWTATO$ 'ESTAI;
'H= 'OU=: NAI, 'EFH. KAI PARA PATRO$ GE-DHPOU TOUTO 'OIOMENON
DEIN PARALAMBANEIN POLU MALLON 'H= CRHMATA, KAI
<P 282B>
PAR' 'EPITROPWN KAI FILWN TWN TE 'ALLWN KAI TWN FASKONTWN0
'ERASTWN 'EINAI, KAI XENWN KAI POLITWN, DEOMENON KAI
"IKETEUONTA SOFIA$ METADIDONAI, 'OUDEN 'AISCRON, 'W* KLEINIA,
'OUDE NEMESHTON "ENEKA TOUTOU "UPHRETEIN KAI DOULEUEIN KAI
'ERASTHI KAI PANTI 'ANQRWPWI, "OTIOUN 'EQELONTA "UPHRETEIN TWN
KALWN "UPHRETHMATWN, PROQUMOUMENON SOFON GENESQAI; 'H= 'OU
DOKEI0 SOI4, 'EFHN 'EGW, "OUTW$: PANU MEN-'OUN 'EU MOI DOKEI$
<P 282C>
LEGEIN, 'H*-D'-"O$. 'EI 'ESTI GE, 'W* KLEINIA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "H SOFIA
DIDAKTON, 'ALLA= MH 'APO 'TAUTOMATOU PARAGIGNETAI TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$;
TOUTO GAR "HMIN 'ETI 'ASKEPTON KAI 'OUPW DIWMOLOGHMENON
'EMOI4 TE-KAI SOI4. 'ALL' 'EMOIGE, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$,
DIDAKTON 'EINAI DOKEI0. KAI 'EGW "HSQEI$ 'EIPON; 'H* KALW$
LEGEI$, 'W* 'ARISTE 'ANDRWN, KAI 'EU 'EPOIHSA$ 'APALLAXA$ ME
SKEYEW$ POLLH$ PERI= TOUTOU 'AUTOU4, POTERON DIDAKTON 'H= 'OU
DIDAKTON "H SOFIA. NU*N 'OUN 'EPEIDH SOI4 KAI DIDAKTON DOKEI0
KAI MONON TWN 'ONTWN0 'EUDAIMONA KAI 'EUTUCH POIEIN TON
<P 282D>
'ANQRWPON, 'ALLO TI 'H= FAIH$ 'AN4 'ANAGKAION 'EINAI FILOSOFEIN
KAI 'AUTO$ 'EN NWI 'ECEI$ 'AUTO POIEIN: PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH,
'W* SWKRATE$, "W$ "OION-TE MALISTA.
'KAGW TAUTA "ASMENO$ 'AKOUSA$, TO MEN 'EMON, 'EFHN, PARADEIGMA,
'W* DIONUSODWRE TE-KAI 'EUQUDHME, "OIWN 'EPIQUMW0 TWN
PROTREPTIKWN LOGWN 'EINAI, TOIOUTON, 'IDIWTIKON 'ISW$ KAI
MOLI$ DIA= MAKRWN LEGOMENON; SFWIN DE "OPOTERO$ BOULETAI,
'TAUTON TOUTO TECNHI PRATTWN 'EPIDEIXATW "HMIN. 'EI DE MH
<P 282E>
TOUTO BOULESQON0, "OQEN 'EGW 'APELIPON, TO "EXH$ 'EPIDEIXATON
TW*I MEIRAKIWI, POTERON PASAN 'EPISTHMHN DEI 'AUTON KTASQAI,
'H= 'ESTI TI$ MIA "HN DEI LABONTA 'EUDAIMONEIN TE-KAI 'AGAQON
'ANDRA 'EINAI, KAI TI=$ "AU=TH. "W$ GAR 'ELEGON 'ARCOMENO$, PERI=
POLLOU "HMIN TUGCANEI0 'ON TONDE TON NEANISKON SOFON TE-KAI
'AGAQON GENESQAI.


<P 283A>
'EGW MEN-'OUN TAUTA 'EIPON, 'W* KRITWN; TW*I DE META TOUTO
'ESOMENWI PANU SFODRA PROSEICON TON NOUN, KAI 'EPESKOPOUN
TI=NA POTE TROPON "AYOINTO TOU* LOGOU KAI "OPOQEN 'ARXOINTO
PARAKELEUOMENOI TW*I NEANISKWI SOFIAN TE-KAI 'ARETHN 'ASKEIN.
"O 'OUN PRESBUTERO$ 'AUTWN, "O DIONUSODWRO$, PROTERO$ 'HRCETO
TOU* LOGOU, KAI "HMEI$ PANTE$ 'EBLEPOMEN PRO$ 'AUTON "W$
'AUTIKA MALA 'AKOUSOMENOI QAUMASIOU$ TINA$ LOGOU$. "OPER
<P 283B>
'OUN-KAI SUNEBH "HMIN; QAUMASTON GAR TINA, 'W* KRITWN, "ANHR
KATHRCEN LOGON, "OU SOI4 'AXION 'AKOUSAI0, "W$ PARAKELEUSTIKO$
"O LOGO$ 'H*N 'EP' 'ARETHN.
'EIPE= MOI, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$ TE-KAI "UMEI$ "OI 'ALLOI, "OSOI
FATE0 'EPIQUMEIN TONDE TON NEANISKON SOFON GENESQAI, POTERON
PAIZETE0 TAUTA LEGONTE$ 'H= "W$ 'ALHQW$ 'EPIQUMEITE0 KAI
SPOUDAZETE0:
'KAGW DIENOHQHN "OTI4 'WIHQHTHN 'A=RA "HMA$ TO PROTERON
PAIZEIN, "HNIKA 'EKELEUOMEN DIALECQHNAI TW*I NEANISKWI 'AUTW,
KAI DIA= TAUTA PROSEPAISATHN TE-KAI 'OUK 'ESPOUDASATHN;
<P 283C>
TAUTA 'OUN DIANOHQEI$ 'ETI MALLON 'EIPON "OTI4 QAUMASTW$
SPOUDAZOIMEN.
KAI "O DIONUSODWRO$, SKOPEI5 MHN, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$,
"OPW$ MH 'EXARNO$ 'ESHI "A NU*N LEGEI$. 'ESKEMMAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW;
'OU-GAR MH POT' 'EXARNO$ GENWMAI. TI= 'OUN: 'EFH; FATE0
BOULESQAI 'AUTON SOFON GENESQAI: PANU MEN-'OUN. NU*N
DE, 'H*-D'-"O$, KLEINIA$ POTERON SOFO$ 'ESTIN 'H= 'OU=: 'OU=KOUN
FHSI GE PW; 'ESTIN DE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OUK 'ALAZWN. "UMEI$ DE,
<P 283D>
'EFH, BOULESQE0 GENESQAI 'AUTON SOFON, 'AMAQH DE MH 'EINAI:
"WMOLOGOUMEN. 'OUKOU*N "O$ MEN 'OUK 'ESTIN, BOULESQE0
'AUTON GENESQAI, "O$ D' 'ESTI NU*N, MHKETI 'EINAI. KAI 'EGW
'AKOUSA$ 'EQORUBHQHN; "O DE MOU QORUBOUMENOU "UPOLABWN,
'ALLO TI 'OUN, 'EFH, 'EPEI BOULESQE0 'AUTON "O$ NU*N 'ESTIN
MHKETI 'EINAI, BOULESQE0 'AUTON, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'APOLWLENAI: KAITOI
POLLOU 'AN4 'AXIOI "OI TOIOUTOI 'EIEN FILOI TE-KAI 'ERASTAI,
"OITINE$ TA PAIDIKA PERI= PANTO$ 'AN4 POIHSAINTO 'EXOLWLENAI.
<P 283E>
KAI "O KTHSIPPO$ 'AKOUSA$ 'HGANAKTHSEN TE "UPER TWN
PAIDIKWN KAI 'EI*PEN; 'W* XENE QOURIE, 'EI MH 'AGROIKOTERON,
'EFH, 'H*N 'EIPEIN, 'EIPON 'AN4; SOI4 'EI$ KEFALHN, "OTI-MAQWN MOU
KAI TWN 'ALLWN KATAYEUDHI0 TOIOUTON PRAGMA, "O= 'EGW 'OIMAI
'OUD' "OSION 'EINAI LEGEIN, "W$ 'EGW TONDE BOULOIMHN 'AN4
'EXOLWLENAI.
TI= DE, 'EFH, 'W* KTHSIPPE, "O 'EUQUDHMO$, 'H* DOKEI0 SOI4 "OION-T'-'EINAI
YEUDESQAI: NH DI=A, 'EFH, 'EI MH MAINOMAI GE.
POTERON LEGONTA TO PRAGMA PERI= "OU 'AN4 "O LOGO$ 'HI, 'H= MH


<P 284A>
LEGONTA: LEGONTA, 'EFH. 'OUKOU*N 'EIPER LEGEI0 'AUTO, 'OUK
'ALLO LEGEI0 TWN 'ONTWN0 'H= 'EKEINO "OPER LEGEI0: PW*$ GAR 'AN4:
'EFH "O KTHSIPPO$. "EN MHN 'KAKEINO G' 'ESTIN TWN 'ONTWN0, "O=
LEGEI0, CWRI$ TWN 'ALLWN. PANU GE. 'OUKOU*N "O 'EKEINO
LEGWN TO 'ON, 'EFH, LEGEI0: NAI. 'ALLA=-MHN "O GE TO 'ON
LEGWN KAI TA 'ONTA 'TALHQH LEGEI0; "WSTE "O DIONUSODWRO$,
'EIPER LEGEI0 TA 'ONTA, LEGEI0 'TALHQH KAI 'OUDEN KATA SOU4
YEUDETAI.
<P 284B>
NAI, 'EFH; 'ALL' "O TAUTA LEGWN, 'EFH "O KTHSIPPO$, 'W*
'EUQUDHME, 'OU TA 'ONTA LEGEI0.
KAI "O 'EUQUDHMO$, TA DE MH 'ONTA, 'EFH, 'ALLO TI 'H= 'OUK
'ESTIN: 'OUK 'ESTIN. 'ALLO TI 'OUN 'OUDAMOU TA GE MH 'ONTA
'ONTA 'ESTIN: 'OUDAMOU. 'ESTIN 'OUN "OPW$ PERI= TAUTA, TA MH
'ONTA, PRAXEIEN 'AN4 TI$ TI, "WST' 'EKEINA POIHSEIEN 'AN4 KAI
"OSTISOUN TA MHDAMOU 'ONTA: 'OUK 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'EFH "O KTHSIPPO$.
TI= 'OUN: "OI "RHTORE$ "OTAN LEGWSIN 'EN TW*I DHMWI,
'OUDEN PRATTOUSI0: PRATTOUSI0 MEN-'OUN, 'H*-D'-"O$. 'OUKOU*N
<P 284C>
'EIPER PRATTOUSI0, KAI POIOUSI0: NAI. TO LEGEIN 'A=RA PRATTEIN
TE-KAI POIEIN 'ESTIN: "WMOLOGHSEN. 'OUK-'A=RA TA
GE MH 'ONT', 'EFH, LEGEI0 'OUDEI$ % POIOI* GAR 'AN4 'HDH TI; SU DE
"WMOLOGHKA$ TO MH 'ON MH "OION-T'-'EINAI MHDENA POIEIN %
"WSTE KATA TON SON LOGON 'OUDEI$ YEUDH LEGEI0, 'ALL' 'EIPER
LEGEI0 DIONUSODWRO$, 'TALHQH TE-KAI TA 'ONTA LEGEI0.
NH DI=A, 'EFH "O KTHSIPPO$, 'W* 'EUQUDHME; 'ALLA= TA 'ONTA
MEN TROPON TINA LEGEI0, 'OU-MENTOI "W$ GE 'ECEI0.
PW*$ LEGEI$, 'EFH "O DIONUSODWRO$, 'W* KTHSIPPE: 'EISIN
<P 284D>
GAR TINE$ "OI= LEGOUSI0 TA PRAGMATA "W$ 'ECEI0: 'EISIN MENTOI,
'EFH, "OI KALOI TE 'KAGAQOI KAI "OI 'TALHQH LEGONTE$. TI= 'OUN:
'H*-D'-"O$; 'TAGAQA 'OUK 'EU, 'EFH, 'ECEI0, TA DE KAKA KAKW$:
SUNECWREI. TOU$ DE KALOU$ TE-KAI 'AGAQOU$ "OMOLOGEI$ LEGEIN
"W$ 'ECEI0 TA PRAGMATA: "OMOLOGW0. KAKW$ 'A=RA, 'EFH,
LEGOUSIN0, 'W* KTHSIPPE, "OI 'AGAQOI TA KAKA, 'EIPER "W$ 'ECEI0
LEGOUSIN0. NAI MA DI=A, 'H*-D'-"O$, SFODRA GE, TOU$ GOUN
KAKOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$; "WN SU, 'EA=N MOI PEIQHI3, 'EULABHSHI2 'EINAI,
<P 284E>
"INA MH SE "OI 'AGAQOI KAKW$ LEGWSIN. "W$ 'EU 'ISQ' "OTI4 KAKW$
LEGOUSIN0 "OI 'AGAQOI TOU$ KAKOU$. KAI TOU$ MEGALOU$, 'EFH
"O 'EUQUDHMO$, MEGALW$ LEGOUSI0 KAI TOU$ QERMOU$ QERMW$:
MALISTA DHPOU, 'EFH "O KTHSIPPO$; TOU$ GOUN YUCROU$
YUCRW$ LEGOUSI0 TE-KAI FASIN0 DIALEGESQAI. SU MEN, 'EFH "O
DIONUSODWRO$, LOIDORHI0, 'W* KTHSIPPE, LOIDORHI0. MA DI=' 'OUK
'EGWGE, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'W* DIONUSODWRE, 'EPEI FILW0 SE, 'ALLA= NOUQETW0
SE "W$ "ETAIRON, KAI PEIRWMAI0 PEIQEIN MHDEPOTE 'ENANTION
'EMOU4 "OUTW$ 'AGROIKW$ LEGEIN "OTI4 'EGW TOUTOU$ BOULOMAI


<P 285A>
'EXOLWLENAI, "OU$ PERI= PLEISTOU POIOUMAI.
'EGW 'OUN, 'EPEIDH MOI 'EDOKOUN 'AGRIWTERW$ PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$
'ECEIN, PROSEPAIZON TE TON KTHSIPPON KAI 'EIPON "OTI4 'W*
KTHSIPPE, 'EMOI4 MEN DOKEI0 CRHNAI0 "HMA$ PARA TWN XENWN
DECESQAI "A LEGOUSIN0, 'EA=N 'EQELWSI DIDONAI, KAI MH 'ONOMATI
DIAFERESQAI. 'EI GAR 'EPISTANTAI "OUTW$ 'EXOLLUNAI 'ANQRWPOU$,
"WST' 'EK PONHRWN TE-KAI 'AFRONWN CRHSTOU$ TE-KAI
'EMFRONA$ POIEIN, KAI TOUTO 'EITE 'AUTW "HURHKATON 'EITE-KAI
<P 285B>
PAR' 'ALLOU TOU 'EMAQETHN FQORON TINA KAI 'OLEQRON TOIOUTON,
"WSTE 'APOLESANTE$ PONHRON 'ONTA CRHSTON PALIN 'APOFHNAI0;
'EI TOUTO 'EPISTASQON0 % DHLON DE "OTI4 'EPISTASQON0; 'EFATHN
GOUN THN TECNHN SFWN 'EINAI THN NEWSTI "HURHMENHN 'AGAQOU$
POIEIN TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ 'EK PONHRWN % SUGCWRHSWMEN 'OUN
'AUTOIN 'AUTO; 'APOLESANTWN2 "HMIN TO MEIRAKION KAI FRONIMON
POIHSANTWN2, KAI "APANTA$ GE "HMA$ TOU$ 'ALLOU$. 'EI DE "UMEI$
<P 285C>
"OI NEOI FOBEISQE0, "WSPER 'EN KARI 'EN 'EMOI4 'ESTW "O KINDUNO$;
"W$ 'EGW, 'EPEIDH KAI PRESBUTH$ 'EIMI, PARAKINDUNEUEIN "ETOIMO$
KAI PARADIDWMI 'EMAUTON DIONUSODWRWI TOUTWI "WSPER THI
MHDEIA\ THI KOLCWI. 'APOLLUTW ME, KAI 'EI MEN BOULETAI,
"EYETW, 'EI D', "OTI2 BOULETAI, TOUTO POIEITW; MONON CRHSTON
'APOFHNATW.
KAI "O KTHSIPPO$, 'EGW MEN, 'EFH, KAI 'AUTO$, 'W* SWKRATE$,
"ETOIMO$ 'EIMI PARECEIN 'EMAUTON TOI$ XENOI$, KAI 'EA=N BOULWNTAI
DEREIN 'ETI MALLON 'H= NU*N DEROUSIN0, 'EI MOI "H DORA MH 'EI$
<P 285D>
'ASKON TELEUTHSEI2, "WSPER "H TOU* MARSUOU, 'ALL' 'EI$ 'ARETHN.
KAITOI ME 'OIETAI DIONUSODWRO$ "OUTOSI CALEPAINEIN 'AUTWI;
'EGW DE 'OU CALEPAINW0, 'ALL' 'ANTILEGW0 PRO$ TAUTA "A MOI
DOKEI0 PRO$ ME MH KALW$ LEGEIN. 'ALLA= SU TO 'ANTILEGEIN,
'EFH, 'W* GENNAIE DIONUSODWRE, MH KALEI5 LOIDOREISQAI; "ETERON
GAR TI 'ESTI TO LOIDOREISQAI.
KAI DIONUSODWRO$, "W$ 'ONTO$, 'EFH, TOU* 'ANTILEGEIN, 'W*
KTHSIPPE, POIHI0 TOU$ LOGOU$:
<P 285E>
PANTW$ DHPOU, 'EFH, KAI SFODRA GE; 'H= SU, 'W* DIONUSODWRE,
'OUK 'OIEI 'EINAI 'ANTILEGEIN:
'OU=KOUN SU G' 'AN4, 'EFH, 'APODEIXAI$ PWPOTE 'AKOUSA$ 'OUDENO$
'ANTILEGONTO$ "ETEROU "ETERWI.
'ALHQH LEGEI$: 'EFH; 'ALLA= 'AKOUWN MEN NUNI SOI4 'APODEIKNUMI
'ANTILEGONTO$ KTHSIPPOU DIONUSODWRWI.
'H*-KAI "UPOSCOI$ 'AN4 TOUTOU LOGON:
PANU, 'EFH.
TI= 'OUN: 'H*-D'-"O$; 'EISIN "EKASTWI TWN 'ONTWN0 LOGOI:
PANU GE. 'OUKOU*N "W$ 'ESTIN "EKASTON 'H= "W$ 'OUK 'ESTIN:


<P 286A>
"W$ 'ESTIN. 'EI GAR MEMNHSAI, 'EFH, 'W* KTHSIPPE, KAI 'ARTI
'EPEDEIXAMEN MHDENA LEGONTA "W$ 'OUK 'ESTI; TO GAR MH 'ON
'OUDEI$ 'EFANH LEGWN. TI= 'OUN-DH TOUTO: 'H*-D'-"O$ "O KTHSIPPO$;
"HTTON TI 'ANTILEGOMEN 'EGW TE-KAI SU: POTERON 'OUN,
'H*-D'-"O$, 'ANTILEGOIMEN 'AN4 TOU* 'AUTOU4 PRAGMATO$ LOGON 'AMFOTEROI
LEGONTE$, 'H= "OUTW MEN 'AN4 DHPOU 'TAUTA LEGOIMEN:
SUNECWREI. 'ALL' "OTAN MHDETERO$, 'EFH, TON TOU* PRAGMATO$
<P 286B>
LOGON LEGHI5, TO=TE 'ANTILEGOIMEN 'AN4: 'H= "OUTW GE TO PARAPAN
'OUD' 'AN4 MEMNHMENO$ 'EIH TOU* PRAGMATO$ 'OUDETERO$ "HMWN:
KAI TOUTO SUNWMOLOGEI. 'ALL'-'A=RA, "OTAN 'EGW MEN TON TOU*
PRAGMATO$ LOGON LEGW3, SU DE 'ALLOU TINO$ 'ALLON, TO=TE
'ANTILEGOMEN: 'H= 'EGW LEGW0 MEN TO PRAGMA, SU DE-'OUDE LEGEI$
TO PARAPAN: "O DE MH LEGWN TW*I LEGONTI PW*$ 'AN74 'ANTILEGOI:
KAI "O MEN KTHSIPPO$ 'ESIGHSEN; 'EGW DE QAUMASA$ TON
LOGON, PW*$ 'EFHN, 'W* DIONUSODWRE, LEGEI$: 'OU-GAR-TOI-'ALLA=
<P 286C>
TOUTON GE TON LOGON POLLWN DH-KAI POLLAKI$ 'AKHKOW$
'AEI QAUMAZW0 % KAI-GAR "OI 'AMFI PRWTAGORAN SFODRA 'ECRWNTO
'AUTWI KAI "OI 'ETI PALAIOTEROI; 'EMOI4 DE 'AEI QAUMASTO$ TI$
DOKEI0 'EINAI KAI TOU$ TE 'ALLOU$ 'ANATREPWN KAI 'AUTO$ "AUTON %
'OIMAI DE 'AUTOU4 THN 'ALHQEIAN PARA SOU4 KALLISTA PEUSESQAI.
'ALLO TI YEUDH LEGEIN 'OUK 'ESTIN20: TOUTO GAR
DUNATAI "O LOGO$; 'H*-GAR: 'ALL' 'H= LEGONT' 'ALHQH LEGEIN 'H=
MH LEGEIN:
SUNECWREI.
<P 286D>
POTERON 'OUN YEUDH MEN LEGEIN 'OUK 'ESTI20, DOXAZEIN MENTOI
'ESTIN20:
'OUDE DOXAZEIN, 'EFH.
'OUD'-'A=RA YEUDH$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DOXA 'ESTI TO PARAPAN.
'OUK 'EFH.
'OUD'-'A=RA 'AMAQIA 'OUD' 'AMAQEI$ 'ANQRWPOI; 'H= 'OU TOUT' 'AN4
'EIH 'AMAQIA, 'EIPER 'EIH, TO YEUDESQAI TWN PRAGMATWN:
PANU GE, 'EFH.
'ALLA= TOUTO 'OUK 'ESTIN20, 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
'OUK 'EFH.
LOGOU "ENEKA, 'W* DIONUSODWRE, LEGEI$ TON LOGON, "INA DH
'ATOPON LEGHI$, 'H= "W$ 'ALHQW$ DOKEI0 SOI4 'OUDEI$ 'EINAI 'AMAQH$
'ANQRWPWN:
<P 286E>
'ALLA= SU, 'EFH, 'ELEGXON2.
'H*-KAI 'ESTI20 TOUTO KATA TON SON LOGON, 'EXELEGXAI0,
MHDENO$ YEUDOMENOU:
'OUK 'ESTIN20, 'EFH "O 'EUQUDHMO$.
'OUD'-'A=RA 'EKELEUEN, 'EFHN 'EGW, NUNDH DIONUSODWRO$
'EXELEGXAI0:
TO GAR MH 'ON PW*$ 'AN4 TI$ KELEUSAI4: SU DE KELEUEI$:
"OTI4, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* 'EUQUDHME, TA SOFA TAUTA KAI TA 'EU
'ECONTA 'OU PANU TI MANQANW0, 'ALLA= PACEW$ PW$ 'ENNOW0.
'ISW$ MEN-'OUN FORTIKWTERON TI 'ERHSOMAI, 'ALLA= SUGGIGNWSKE.


<P 287A>
"ORA DE; 'EI GAR-MHTE YEUDESQAI 'ESTIN20 MHTE YEUDH DOXAZEIN
MHTE 'AMAQH 'EINAI, 'ALLO TI 'OUD' 'EXAMARTANEIN 'ESTIN20, "OTAN TI$
TI PRATTHI5: PRATTONTA GAR 'OUK 'ESTIN20 "AMARTANEIN TOUTOU "O=
PRATTEI0; 'OUC "OUTW LEGETE0:
PANU G', 'EFH.
TOUTO 'ESTIN 'HDH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TO FORTIKON 'ERWTHMA. 'EI
GAR MH "AMARTANOMEN MHTE PRATTONTE$ MHTE LEGONTE$ MHTE
DIANOOUMENOI, "UMEI$ 'W* PRO$ DIO$, 'EI TAUTA "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, TI=NO$
DIDASKALOI "HKETE0: 'H= 'OUK 'ARTI 'EFATE 'ARETHN KALLIST' 'AN4
<P 287B>
PARADOUNAI0 'ANQRWPWN TW*I 'EQELONTI MANQANEIN:
'EI*T', 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, "O DIONUSODWRO$ "UPOLABWN, "OUTW$
'EI* KRONO$, "WSTE "A TO PRWTON 'EIPOMEN NU*N 'ANAMIMNHISKHI0, KAI
'EI TI PERUSIN 'EIPON, NU*N 'ANAMNHSQHSHI, TOI$ D' 'EN TW*I PARONTI
LEGOMENOI$ 'OUC "EXEI$ "OTI2 CRHI4:
KAI-GAR, 'EFHN 'EGW, CALEPOI 'EISIN PANU % 'EIKOTW$; PARA
SOFWN GAR LEGONTAI % 'EPEI KAI TOUTWI TW*I TELEUTAIWI PAGCALEPON
CRHSASQAI 'ESTIN, "WI LEGEI$. TO GAR 'OUK 'ECW0 "OTI2
CRWMAI2 TI= POTE LEGEI$, 'W* DIONUSODWRE: 'H= DHLON "OTI4 "W$
<P 287C>
'OUK 'ECW0 'EXELEGXAI0 'AUTON: 'EPEI 'EIPE=, TI= SOI4 'ALLO NOEI0 TOUTO
TO "RHMA, TO 'OUK 'ECW0 "OTI2 CRHSWMAI TOI$ LOGOI$:
'ALL' "O= SU LEGEI$, 'EFH, TOUTWI8 TW*I8 PANU8 CALEPON8 CRHSQAI8;
'EPEI 'APOKRINAI2.
PRIN SE 'APOKRINASQAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* DIONUSODWRE:
'OUK 'APOKRINHI0: 'EFH.
'H*-KAI DIKAION:
DIKAION MENTOI, 'EFH.
KATA TI=NA LOGON: 'H*N-D'-'EGW; 'H= DHLON "OTI4 KATA TONDE,
"OTI4 SU NU*N PASSOFO$ TI$ "HMIN 'AFIXAI PERI= LOGOU$, KAI 'OISQA
<P 287D>
"OTE DEI 'APOKRINASQAI KAI "OTE MH: KAI NU*N 'OUD' 'AN4 "OTIOUN
'APOKRINHI0, "ATE GIGNWSKWN "OTI4 'OU DEI:
LALEI$, 'EFH, 'AMELHSA$ 'APOKRINASQAI; 'ALL', 'WGAQE, PEIQOU
KAI 'APOKRINOU, 'EPEIDH KAI "OMOLOGEI$ ME SOFON 'EINAI.
PEISTEON TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI 'ANAGKH, "W$ 'EOIKEN0; SU
GAR 'ARCEI$. 'ALL' 'ERWTA.
POTERON 'OUN YUCHN 'ECONTA NOEI0 TA NOOUNTA, 'H=-KAI TA
'AYUCA:
TA YUCHN 'ECONTA.
'OISQA 'OUN TI, 'EFH, "RHMA YUCHN 'ECON:
MA DI=A 'OUK 'EGWGE.
<P 287E>
TI= 'OUN 'ARTI 'HROU "OTI2 MOI NOOI TO "RHMA:
TI= 'ALLO GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'H= 'EXHMARTON DIA= THN BLAKEIAN:
'H= 'OUK 'EXHMARTON 'ALLA=-KAI TOUTO 'ORQW$ 'EIPON, 'EIPWN "OTI4
NOEI0 TA "RHMATA: PO=TERA FHI$ 'EXAMARTANEIN ME 'H= 'OU=: 'EI GAR
MH 'EXHMARTON, 'OUDE SU 'EXELEGXEI$, KAIPER SOFO$ 'WN, 'OUD'
'ECEI$ "OTI2 CRHI4 TW*I LOGWI; 'EI D' 'EXHMARTON, 'OUD' "OUTW$ 'ORQW$


<P 288A>
LEGEI$, FASKWN 'OUK 'EINAI20 'EXAMARTANEIN. KAI TAUTA 'OU PRO$
"A PERUSIN 'ELEGE$ LEGW0. 'ALLA= 'EOIKEN0, 'EFHN 'EGW, 'W* DIONUSODWRE
TE-KAI 'EUQUDHME, "OUTO$ MEN "O LOGO$ 'EN 'TAUTWI MENEIN0
KAI 'ETI "WSPER TO PALAION KATABALWN2 PIPTEIN, KAI "WSTE
TOUTO MH PASCEIN 'OUD' "UPO TH$ "UMETERA$ PW TECNH$ 'EXHURHSQAI,
KAI TAUTA "OUTWSI QAUMASTH$ 'OUSH$ 'EI$ 'AKRIBEIAN
LOGWN.
KAI "O KTHSIPPO$, QAUMA=SIA GE LEGET'0, 'EFH, 'W* 'ANDRE$
<P 288B>
QOURIOI 'EITE CIOI 'EI=Q' "OPOQEN KAI "OPHI CAIRETON0 'ONOMAZOMENOI;
"W$ 'OUDEN "UMIN MELEI0 TOU* PARALHREIN.
KAI 'EGW FOBHQEI$ MH LOIDORIA GENHTAI, PALIN KATEPRAUNON
TON KTHSIPPON KAI 'EIPON; 'W* KTHSIPPE, KAI NUNDH "A
PRO$ KLEINIAN 'ELEGON, KAI PRO$ SE 'TAUTA TAUTA LEGW0, "OTI4
'OU GIGNWSKEI$ TWN XENWN THN SOFIAN "OTI4 QAUMASI=A 'ESTIN.
'ALL' 'OUK 'EQELETON0 "HMIN 'EPIDEIXASQAI SPOUDAZONTE, 'ALLA= TON
PRWTEA MIMEISQON0 TON 'AIGUPTION SOFISTHN GOHTEUONTE "HMA$.
<P 288C>
"HMEI$ 'OUN TON MENELAON MIMWMEQA, KAI MH 'AFIWMEQA TOIN
'ANDROIN "EW$ 'AN4 "HMIN 'EKFANHTON0 'EF' "WI 'AUTW SPOUDAZETON0;
'OIMAI GAR TI 'AUTOIN PAGKALON FANEISQAI, 'EPEIDAN 'ARXWNTAI
SPOUDAZEIN. 'ALLA= DEWMEQA KAI PARAMUQWMEQA KAI PROSEUCWMEQA
'AUTOIN 'EKFANHNAI. 'EGW 'OUN MOI DOKW0 KAI 'AUTO$ PALIN
"UFHGHSASQAI "OIW PROSEUCOMAI 'AUTW FANHNAI MOI; "OQEN GAR
<P 288D>
TO PROTERON 'APELIPON, TO "EXH$ TOUTOI$ PEIRASOMAI, "OPW$ 'AN4
DUNWMAI, DIELQEIN, 'EA=N PW$ 'EKKALESWMAI KAI 'ELEHSANTE
ME KAI 'OIKTIRANTE SUNTETAMENON KAI SPOUDAZONTA KAI 'AUTW
SPOUDASHTON.
SU DE, 'W* KLEINIA, 'EFHN, 'ANAMNHSON2 ME PO=QEN TO=T' 'APELIPOMEN.
"W$ MEN-'OUN 'EGWIMAI, 'ENQENDE POQEN. FILOSOFHTEON
"WMOLOGHSAMEN TELEUTWNTE$; 'H*-GAR: NAI, 'H*-D'-"O$.
"H DE-GE FILOSOFIA KTHSI$ 'EPISTHMH$; 'OUC "OUTW$: 'EFHN.
NAI, 'EFH. TI=NA POT' 'OUN 'AN4 KTHSAMENOI 'EPISTHMHN 'ORQW$
<P 288E>
KTHSAIMEQA: 'A*R' 'OU TOUTO MEN "APLOUN, "OTI4 TAUTHN "HTI$ "HMA$
'ONHSEI2: PANU G', 'EFH. 'A*R'-'OUN 'AN4 TI "HMA$ 'ONHSEIEN, 'EI
'EPISTAIMEQA GIGNWSKEIN PERIIONTE$ "OPOU TH$ GH$ CRUSION
PLEISTON KATORWRUKTAI: 'ISW$, 'EFH. 'ALLA= TO PROTERON,
'H*N-D'-'EGW, TOUTO GE 'EXHLEGXAMEN, "OTI4 'OUDEN PLEON, 'OUD' 'EI
'ANEU PRAGMATWN KAI TOU* 'ORUTTEIN THN GHN TO PAN "HMIN
CRUSION GENOITO; "WSTE 'OUD' 'EI TA$ PETRA$ CRUSA$ 'EPISTAIMEQA


<P 289A>
POIEIN, 'OUDENO$ 'AN4 'AXI=A "H 'EPISTHMH 'EIH. 'EI GAR MH KAI
CRHSQAI 'EPISTHSOMEQA TW*I CRUSIWI, 'OUDEN 'OFELO$ 'AUTOU4
'EFANH 'ON; 'H= 'OU MEMNHSAI: 'EFHN 'EGW. PANU G', 'EFH,
MEMNHMAI. 'OUDE-GE, "W$ 'EOIKE0, TH$ 'ALLH$ 'EPISTHMH$ 'OFELO$
GIGNETAI 'OUDEN, 'OUTE CRHMATISTIKH$ 'OUTE 'IATRIKH$ 'OUTE 'ALLH$
'OUDEMIA$, "HTI$ POIEIN TI 'EPISTATAI, CRHSQAI DE MH "WI 'AN4
POIHSHI6; 'OUC "OUTW$: SUNEFH. 'OUDE-GE 'EI TI$ 'ESTIN 'EPISTHMH
<P 289B>
"WSTE 'AQANATOU$ POIEIN, 'ANEU TOU* 'EPISTASQAI THI
'AQANASIA\ CRHSQAI 'OUDE TAUTH$ 'EOIKEN0 'OFELO$ 'OUDEN, 'EI TI
DEI TOI$ PROSQEN "WMOLOGHMENOI$ TEKMAIRESQAI. SUNEDOKEI
"HMIN PANTA TAUTA. TOIAUTH$ TINO$ 'A=RA "HMIN 'EPISTHMH$ DEI,
'W* KALE PAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EN "HI SUMPEPTWKEN0 "AMA TO TE POIEIN
KAI TO 'EPISTASQAI CRHSQAI TOUTWI "O= 'AN4 POIHI5. FAINETAI,
'EFH. POLLOU 'A=RA DEI, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "HMA$ LUROPOIOU$ DEIN
<P 289C>
'EINAI KAI TOIAUTH$ TINO$ 'EPISTHMH$ 'EPHBOLOU$. 'ENTAUQA
GAR-DH CWRI$ MEN "H POIOUSA TECNH, CWRI$ DE "H CRWMENH
DIHIRHTAI TOU* 'AUTOU4 PE=RI; "H GAR LUROPOIIKH KAI "H KIQARISTIKH
POLU DIAFERETON0 'ALLHLOIN. 'OUC "OUTW$: SUNEFH. 'OUDE-MHN
'AULOPOIIKH$ GE DHLON "OTI4 DEOMEQA; KAI-GAR "AU=TH "ETE=RA
TOIAUTH. SUNEDOKEI. 'ALLA= PRO$ QEWN, 'EFHN 'EGW, 'EI THN
LOGOPOIIKHN TECNHN MAQOIMEN, 'A*RA 'ESTIN "AU=TH "HN 'EDEI KEKTHMENOU$
"HMA$ 'EUDAIMONA$ 'EINAI: 'OUK 'OIMAI, 'EFH, 'EGW, "O
KLEINIA$ "UPOLABWN
<P 289D>
TI=NI TEKMHRIWI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, CRHI3:
"ORW0, 'EFH, TINA$ LOGOPOIOU$, "OI= TOI$ 'IDIOI$ LOGOI$, "OI$
'AUTOI POIOUSIN0, 'OUK 'EPISTANTAI CRHSQAI, "WSPER "OI LUROPOIOI
TAI$ LURAI$, 'ALLA=-KAI 'ENTAUQA 'ALLOI DUNATOI CRHSQAI "OI$
'EKEINOI 'HRGASANTO, "OI LOGOPOIEIN 'AUTOI 'ADUNATOI; DHLON 'OUN
"OTI4 KAI PERI= LOGOU$ CWRI$ "H TOU* POIEIN TECNH KAI "H TOU*
CRHSQAI.
"IKANON MOI DOKEI$, 'EFHN 'EGW, TEKMHRION LEGEIN, "OTI4 'OUC
"AU=TH 'ESTIN "H TWN LOGOPOIWN TECNH, "HN 'AN4 KTHSAMENO$ TI$
'EUDAIMWN 'EIH. KAITOI 'EGW 'WIMHN 'ENTAUQA POU FANHSESQAI
<P 289E>
THN 'EPISTHMHN "HN DH PALAI ZHTOUMEN. KAI-GAR MOI "OI TE
'ANDRE$ 'AUTOI "OI LOGOPOIOI, "OTAN SUGGENWMAI 'AUTOI$, "UPERSOFOI,
'W* KLEINIA, DOKOUSIN0 'EINAI, KAI 'AUTH "H TECNH 'AUTWN
QESPESI=A TI$ KAI "UYHLH. KAI-MENTOI 'OUDEN QAUMASTON; 'ESTI
GAR TH$ TWN 'EPWIDWN TECNH$ MORION MIKRWI TE 'EKEINH$ "UPODEESTE=RA.


<P 290A>
"H MEN-GAR TWN 'EPWIDWN 'ECEWN TE-KAI FALAGGIWN
KAI SKORPIWN KAI TWN 'ALLWN QHRIWN TE-KAI NOSWN KHLHSI$
'ESTIN, "H DE DIKASTWN TE-KAI 'EKKLHSIASTWN KAI TWN 'ALLWN
'OCLWN KHLHSI$ TE-KAI PARAMUQIA TUGCANEI0 'OUSA; 'H= SOI4,
'EFHN 'EGW, 'ALLW$ PW$ DOKEI0:
'OU=K, 'ALL' "OUTW MOI FAINETAI, 'EFH, "W$ SU LEGEI$.
POI* 'OUN, 'EFHN 'EGW, TRAPOIMEQ' 'AN4 'ETI: 'EPI POI=AN TECNHN:
'EGW MEN 'OUK 'EUPORW0, 'EFH.
'ALL', 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EME 'OIMAI "HURHKENAI.
TI=NA: 'EFH "O KLEINIA$.
<P 290B>
"H STRATHGIKH MOI DOKEI0, 'EFHN 'EGW, TECNH PANTO$ MALLON
'EINAI "HN 'AN4 TI$ KTHSAMENO$ 'EUDAIMWN 'EIH.
'OUK 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
PW*$: 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
QHREUTIKH TI$ "HDE GE 'ESTIN TECNH 'ANQRWPWN.
TI= DH-'OUN: 'EFHN 'EGW.
'OUDEMIA, 'EFH, TH$ QHREUTIKH$ 'AUTH$ 'EPI PLEON 'ESTIN 'H=
"OSON QHREUSAI0 KAI CEIRWSASQAI; 'EPEIDAN DE CEIRWSWNTAI
TOUTO "O= 'AN4 QHREUWNTAI, 'OU DUNANTAI TOUTWI CRHSQAI, 'ALL' "OI
MEN KUNHGETAI KAI "OI "ALIH$ TOI$ 'OYOPOIOI$ PARADIDOASIN, "OI
<P 290C>
D' 'AU GEWMETRAI KAI "OI 'ASTRONOMOI KAI "OI LOGISTIKOI % QHREUTIKOI
GAR 'EISI KAI "OUTOI; 'OU-GAR POIOUSI0 TA DIAGRAMMATA
"EKASTOI TOUTWN, 'ALLA= TA 'ONTA 'ANEURISKOUSIN0 % "ATE 'OUN CRHSQAI
'AUTOI 'AUTOI$ 'OUK 'EPISTAMENOI, 'ALLA= QHREUSAI0 MONON,
PARADIDOASI DHPOU TOI$ DIALEKTIKOI$ KATACRHSQAI 'AUTWN TOI$
"EURHMASIN, "OSOI GE 'AUTWN MH PANTAPASIN 'ANOHTOI 'EISIN.
'EIEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* KALLISTE KAI SOFWTATE KLEINIA;
TOUTO "OUTW$ 'ECEI0:
PANU MEN-'OUN. KAI "OI GE STRATHGOI, 'EFH, "OUTW TON 'AUTON
<P 290D>
TROPON; 'EPEIDAN 'H= POLIN TINA QHREUSWNTAI 'H= STRATOPEDON,
PARADIDOASI TOI$ POLITIKOI$ 'ANDRASIN % 'AUTOI GAR 'OUK 'EPISTANTAI
CRHSQAI TOUTOI$ "A 'EQHREUSAN % "WSPER 'OIMAI "OI
'ORTUGOQHRAI TOI$ 'ORTUGOTROFOI$ PARADIDOASIN. 'EI 'OUN, 'H*-D'-"O$,
DEOMEQA 'EKEINH$ TH$ TECNH$, "HTI$ "WI 'AN4 KTHSHTAI 'H= POIHSASA
'H= QHREUSAMENH 'AUTH KAI 'EPISTHSETAI CRHSQAI, KAI "H
TOIAUTH POIHSEI2 "HMA$ MAKARIOU$, 'ALLHN DH TINA, 'EFH,
ZHTHTEON 'ANTI TH$ STRATHGIKH$.
<P 290E>
KR _ TI= LEGEI$ SU, 'W* SWKRATE$: 'EKEINO TO MEIRAKION
TOIAUT' 'EFQEGXATO:
SW _ 'OUK 'OIEI, 'W* KRITWN:
KR _ MA DI=' 'OU-MENTOI. 'OIMAI GAR 'AUTON 'EGW, 'EI TAUT'
'EI*PEN, 'OUT' 'EUQUDHMOU 'OUTE 'ALLOU 'OUDENO$ 'ET' 'ANQRWPOU
DEISQAI 'EI$ PAIDEIAN.
SW _ 'ALL'-'A=RA, 'W* PRO$ DIO$, MH "O KTHSIPPO$ 'H*N "O TAUT'
'EIPWN, 'EGW DE 'OU MEMNHMAI:


<P 291A>
KR _ POI*O$ KTHSIPPO$:
SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN TODE GE 'EU 'OIDA, "OTI4 'OUTE 'EUQUDHMO$ 'OUTE
DIONUSODWRO$ 'H*N "O 'EIPWN TAUTA; 'ALL', 'W* DAIMONIE KRITWN,
MH TI$ TWN KREITTONWN PARWN 'AUTA 'EFQEGXATO: "OTI4 GAR
'HKOUSA GE TAUTA, 'EU 'OIDA.
KR _ NAI MA DI=A, 'W* SWKRATE$; TWN KREITTONWN MENTOI
TI$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0, KAI POLU GE. 'ALLA= META TOUTO 'ETI TINA
'EZHTHSATE TECNHN: KAI "HURETE 'EKEINHN 'H= 'OUC "HURETE, "H$
"ENEKA 'EZHTEITE:
<P 291B>
SW _ PO=QEN, 'W* MAKARIE, "HUROMEN: 'ALL' 'HMEN PANU GELOIOI;
"WSPER TA PAIDIA TA TOU$ KORUDOU$ DIWKONTA, 'AEI 'WIOMEQA
"EKASTHN TWN 'EPISTHMWN 'AUTIKA LHYESQAI, "AI D' 'AEI "UPEXEFEUGON.
TA MEN-'OUN POLLA TI= 'AN4 SOI4 LEGOIMI: 'EPI DE-DH
THN BASILIKHN 'ELQONTE$ TECNHN KAI DIASKOPOUMENOI 'AUTHN
'EI "AU=TH 'EIH "H THN 'EUDAIMONIAN PARECOUSA TE-KAI 'APERGAZOMENH,
'ENTAUQA "WSPER 'EI$ LABURINQON 'EMPESONTE$, 'OIOMENOI
'HDH 'EPI TELEI 'EINAI, PERIKAMYANTE$ PALIN "WSPER 'EN 'ARCHI TH$
<P 291C>
ZHTHSEW$ 'ANEFANHMEN 'ONTE$ KAI TOU* 'ISOU DEOMENOI "OSOUPER
"OTE TO PRWTON 'EZHTOUMEN.
KR _ PW*$ DH TOUTO "UMIN SUNEBH, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW _ 'EGW FRASW2. 'EDOXE GAR-DH "HMIN "H POLITIKH KAI
"H BASILIKH TECNH "H 'AUTH 'EINAI.
KR _ TI= 'OUN-DH:
SW _ TAUTHI THI TECNHI "H TE STRATHGIKH KAI "AI 'ALLAI
PARADIDONAI 'ARCEIN TWN 'ERGWN "WN 'AUTAI DHMIOURGOI 'EISIN,
"W$ MONHI 'EPISTAMENHI CRHSQAI. SAFW$ 'OUN 'EDOKEI "HMIN "AU=TH
'EINAI "HN 'EZHTOUMEN, KAI "H 'AITIA TOU* 'ORQW$ PRATTEIN 'EN THI
<P 291D>
POLEI, KAI 'ATECNW$ KATA TO 'AISCULOU 'IAMBEION MONH 'EN9
THI PRUMNHI9 KAQHSQAI TH$ POLEW$9, PANTA KUBERNWSA KAI
PANTWN 'ARCOUSA PANTA CRHSIMA POIEIN.
KR _ 'OUKOU*N KALW$ "UMIN 'EDOKEI, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW _ SU KRINEI$2, 'W* KRITWN, 'EA=N BOULHI3 'AKOUEIN KAI TA META
TAUTA SUMBANTA "HMIN. 'AUQI$ GAR-DH PALIN 'ESKOPOUMEN
"WDE PW$; FERE, PANTWN 'ARCOUSA "H BASILIKH TECNH TI "HMIN
<P 291E>
'APERGAZETAI 'ERGON 'H= 'OUDEN: PANTW$ DHPOU, "HMEI$ 'EFAMEN
PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$. 'OU-KAI SU 'AN4 TAUTA FAIH$, 'W* KRITWN:
KR _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ TI= 'OUN 'AN4 FAIH$ 'AUTH$ 'ERGON 'EINAI: "WSPER 'EI SE
'EGW 'ERWTWIHN, PANTWN 'ARCOUSA "H 'IATRIKH "WN 'ARCEI0, TI= 'ERGON
PARECETAI: 'OU THN "UGIEIAN 'AN74 FAIH$:
KR _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ TI= DE "H "UMETE=RA TECNH "H GEWRGIA: PANTWN 'ARCOUSA


<P 292A>
"WN 'ARCEI0, TI= 'ERGON8 'APERGAZETAI: 'OU THN TROFHN 'AN4 FAIH$
THN 'EK TH$ GH$ PARECEIN "HMIN:
KR _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ TI= DE "H BASILIKH PANTWN 'ARCOUSA "WN 'ARCEI0: TI=
'APERGAZETAI: 'ISW$ 'OU PANU G' 'EUPOREI$.
KR _ MA TON DI=A, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'OUDE-GAR "HMEI$, 'W* KRITWN; 'ALLA= TOSONDE GE 'OISQA,
"OTI4 'EIPER 'ESTIN "AU=TH "HN "HMEI$ ZHTOUMEN, 'WFELIMON 'AUTHN DEI
'EINAI.
KR _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'AGAQON GE TI DEI "HMIN 'AUTHN PARADIDONAI:
KR _ 'ANAGKH, 'W* SWKRATE$.
<P 292B>
SW _ 'AGAQON DE-GE-POU "WMOLOGHSAMEN 'ALLHLOI$ 'EGW TE-KAI
KLEINIA$ 'OUDEN 'EINAI 'ALLO 'H= 'EPISTHMHN TINA.
KR _ NAI, "OUTW$ 'ELEGE$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TA MEN 'A=LLA 'ERGA, "A FAIH 'AN4 TI$ POLITIKH$
'EINAI % POLLA DE-POU TAUT' 'AN4 'EIH, "OION PLOUSIOU$ TOU$
POLITA$ PARECEIN KAI 'ELEUQEROU$ KAI 'ASTASIASTOU$ % PANTA
TAUTA 'OUTE KAKA 'OUTE 'AGAQA 'EFANH, 'EDEI DE SOFOU$ POIEIN
KAI 'EPISTHMH$ METADIDONAI, 'EIPER 'EMELLEN "AU=TH 'EINAI "H
<P 292C>
'WFELOUSA TE-KAI 'EUDAIMONA$ POIOUSA.
KR _ 'ESTI TAUTA; TO=TE GOUN "OUTW$ "UMIN "WMOLOGHQH, "W$
SU TOU$ LOGOU$ 'APHGGEILA$.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN "H BASILIKH SOFOU$ POIEI0 TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$
KAI 'AGAQOU$:
KR _ TI= GAR KWLUEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW _ 'ALL'-'A*RA PANTA$ KAI PANTA 'AGAQOU$: KAI PASAN
'EPISTHMHN, SKUTOTOMIKHN TE-KAI TEKTONIKHN KAI TA$ 'ALLA$
"APASA$, "AU=TH "H PARADIDOUSA 'ESTIN:
KR _ 'OUK 'OIMAI 'EGWGE, 'W* SWKRATE$.
<P 292D>
SW _ 'ALLA= TI=NA DH 'EPISTHMHN: "HI TI= CRHSOMEQA: TWN
MEN-GAR 'ERGWN 'OUDENO$ DEI 'AUTHN DHMIOURGON 'EINAI TWN MHTE
KAKWN MHTE 'AGAQWN, 'EPISTHMHN DE PARADIDONAI MHDEMIAN
'ALLHN 'H= 'AUTHN "EAUTHN. LEGWMEN DH-'OUN TI=$ POTE 'ESTIN
"AU=TH, "HI TI= CRHSOMEQA: BOULEI FWMEN, 'W* KRITWN, "HI 'ALLOU$
'AGAQOU$ POIHSOMEN:
KR _ PANU GE.
SW _ "OI= TI= 'ESONTAI "HMIN 'AGAQOI KAI TI= CRHSIMOI: 'H= 'ETI
LEGWMEN "OTI4 'ALLOU$ POIHSOUSIN2, "OI DE 'ALLOI 'EKEINOI 'ALLOU$:
<P 292E>
"OTI2 DE POTE 'AGAQOI 'EISIN, 'OUDAMOU "HMIN FAINONTAI, 'EPEIDHPER
TA 'ERGA TA LEGOMENA 'EINAI TH$ POLITIKH$ 'HTIMASAMEN, 'ALL'
'ATECNW$ TO LEGOMENON "O DIO$ KORINQO$ GIGNETAI, KAI "OPER
'ELEGON, TOU* 'ISOU "HMIN 'ENDEI 'H= 'ETI PLEONO$ PRO$ TO 'EIDENAI TI=$
POTE 'ESTIN "H 'EPISTHMH 'EKEINH "H= "HMA$ 'EUDAIMONA$ POIHSEI2:
KR _ NH TON DI=A, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EI$ POLLHN GE 'APORIAN,
"W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'AFIKESQE.
SW _ 'EGWGE 'OUN-KAI 'AUTO$, 'W* KRITWN, 'EPEIDH 'EN TAUTHI


<P 293A>
THI 'APORIA\ 'ENEPEPTWKH, PASAN 'HDH FWNHN 'HFIEIN, DEOMENO$
TOIN XENOIN "WSPER DIOSKOURWN 'EPIKALOUMENO$ SWSAI0 "HMA$,
'EME TE-KAI TO MEIRAKION, 'EK TH$ TRIKUMIA$ TOU* LOGOU, KAI
PANTI TROPWI SPOUDASAI0, KAI SPOUDASANTA$ 'EPIDEIXAI0 TI=$
POT' 'ESTIN "H 'EPISTHMH "H$ TUCONTE$ 'AN4 KALW$ TON 'EPILOIPON
BION DIELQOIMEN.
KR _ TI= 'OUN: 'HQELHSEN TI "UMIN 'EPIDEIXAI0 "O 'EUQUDHMO$:
SW _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=: KAI 'HRXATO GE, 'W* "ETAIRE, PANU MEGALOFRONW$
TOU* LOGOU "WDE %
<P 293B>
POTERON DH SE, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, TAUTHN THN 'EPISTHMHN,
PERI= "HN PALAI 'APOREITE0, DIDAXW42, 'H= 'EPIDEIXW42 'ECONTA:
'W* MAKARIE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ESTI DE 'EPI SOI4 TOUTO:
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
'EPIDEIXON2 TOINUN ME NH DI=', 'EFHN 'EGW 'ECONTA; POLU GAR
"RA*ION 'H= MANQANEIN THLIKONDE 'ANDRA.
FERE DH MOI 'APOKRINAI2, 'EFH; 'ESTIN "OTI2 'EPISTASAI: PANU
GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI POLLA, SMIKRA GE. 'ARKEI0, 'EFH. 'A*R'-'OUN
DOKEI$ "OION-TE TI TWN 'ONTWN0 TOUTO "O= TUGCANEI0 'ON, 'AUTO TOUTO
<P 293C>
MH 'EINAI: 'ALLA= MA DI=' 'OUK 'EGWGE. 'OUKOU*N SU, 'EFH,
'EPISTASAI TI: 'EGWGE. 'OUKOU*N 'EPISTHMWN 'EI*, 'EIPER 'EPISTASAI:
PANU GE, TOUTOU GE 'AUTOU4. 'OUDEN DIAFEREI0; 'ALL'
'OUK 'ANAGKH SE 'ECEI0 PANTA 'EPISTASQAI 'EPISTHMONA GE 'ONTA:
MA DI=', 'EFHN 'EGW; 'EPEI POLLA 'A=LL' 'OUK 'EPISTAMAI.
'OUKOU*N 'EI TI MH 'EPISTASAI, 'OUK 'EPISTHMWN 'EI*. 'EKEINOU GE,
'W* FILE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. "HTTON 'OUN TI, 'EFH, 'OUK 'EPISTHMWN
'EI*: 'ARTI DE 'EPISTHMWN 'EFHSQA 'EINAI; KAI "OUTW$ TUGCANEI$ 'WN
<P 293D>
'AUTO$ "OUTO$ "O$ 'EI*, KAI 'AU PALIN 'OUK 'EI*, KATA 'TAUTA "AMA.
'EIEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EUQUDHME; TO GAR LEGOMENON, KALA
DH PATAGEI$; PW*$ 'OUN 'EPISTAMAI 'EKEINHN THN 'EPISTHMHN
"HN 'EZHTOUMEN: "W$ DH TOUTO 'ADUNATON 'ESTIN TO 'AUTO 'EINAI TE-KAI
MH, 'EIPER "EN 'EPISTAMAI, "APANTA 'EPISTAMAI % 'OU-GAR
'AN4 'EIHN 'EPISTHMWN TE-KAI 'ANEPISTHMWN "AMA % 'EPEI DE PANTA
'EPISTAMAI, 'KAKEINHN DH THN 'EPISTHMHN 'ECW0; 'A*RA "OUTW$ LEGEI$,
KAI TOUTO 'ESTIN TO SOFON:
<P 293E>
'AUTO$ SAUTON GE-DH 'EXELEGCEI$, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$.
TI= DE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* 'EUQUDHME, SU 'OU PEPONQA$ TOUTO TO
'AUTO PAQO$: 'EGW GAR-TOI META SOU4 "OTIOUN 'AN4 PASCWN KAI
META DIONUSODWROU TOUDE, FILH$ KEFALH$, 'OUK 'AN4 PANU
'AGANAKTOIHN. 'EIPE= MOI, SFW 'OUCI TA MEN 'EPISTASQON0 TWN
'ONTWN0, TA DE 'OUK 'EPISTASQON0:
"HKISTA GE, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, "O DIONUSODWRO$.
PW*$ LEGETON0: 'EFHN 'EGW; 'ALL' 'OUDEN 'A=RA 'EPISTASQON0:
KAI MALA, 'H*-D'-"O$.


<P 294A>
PANT' 'A=RA, 'EFHN 'EGW, 'EPISTASQON0, 'EPEIDHPER KAI "OTIOUN:
PANT', 'EFH; KAI SU GE PRO$, 'EIPER KAI "EN 'EPISTASAI, PANTA
'EPISTASAI.
'W* ZEU, 'EFHN 'EGW, "W$ QAUMASTON LEGEI$ KAI 'AGAQON MEGA
PEFANQAI. MWN KAI "OI 'ALLOI PANTE$ 'ANQRWPOI PANT' 'EPISTANTAI,
'H= 'OUDEN:
'OU-GAR-DHPOU, 'EFH, TA MEN 'EPISTANTAI, TA D' 'OUK 'EPISTANTAI,
KAI 'EISIN "AMA 'EPISTHMONE$ TE-KAI 'ANEPISTHMONE$.
'ALLA= TI=: 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
PANTE$, 'H*-D'-"O$ PANTA 'EPISTANTAI, 'EIPER KAI "EN.
<P 294B>
'W* PRO$ TWN QEWN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* DIONUSODWRE % DHLOI GAR
MOI 'ESTON0 'HDH "OTI4 SPOUDAZETON0, KAI MOLI$ "UMA$ PROUKALESAMHN
SPOUDAZEIN % 'AUTW TW*I-'ONTI PANTA 'EPISTASQON0: "OION
TEKTONIKHN KAI SKUTIKHN:
PANU G', 'EFH.
'H*-KAI NEURORRAFEIN DUNATW 'ESTON0:
KAI NAI MA DI=A KATTUEIN, 'EFH.
'H*-KAI TA TOIAUTA, TOU$ 'ASTERA$ "OPOSOI 'EISI, KAI THN
'AMMON:
PANU GE, 'H*-D'-"O$; 'EI*T' 'OUK 'AN4 'OIEI "OMOLOGHSAI0 "HMA$:
KAI "O KTHSIPPO$ "UPOLABWN; PRO$ DIO$, 'EFH, DIONUSODWRE,
<P 294C>
TEKMHRION TI MOI TOUTWN 'EPIDEIXATON TOIONDE, "WI
'EISOMAI "OTI4 'ALHQH LEGETON0.
TI= 'EPIDEIXW42: 'EFH.
'OISQA 'EUQUDHMON "OPOSOU$ 'ODONTA$ 'ECEI0, KAI "O 'EUQUDHMO$
"OPOSOU$ SU:
'OUK 'EXARKEI0 SOI4, 'EFH, 'AKOUSAI0 "OTI4 PANTA 'EPISTAMEQA:
MHDAMW$, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'ALLA= TOUTO 'ETI "HMIN MONON 'EIPATON2 KAI
'EPIDEIXATON "OTI4 'ALHQH LEGETON0; KAI 'EA=N 'EIPHTON "OPOSOU$
"EKATERO$ 'ECEI0 "UMWN, KAI FAINHSQE GNONTE$ "HMWN 'ARIQMHSANTWN0,
'HDH PEISOMEQA "UMIN KAI 'TALLA.
<P 294D>
"HGOUMENW 'OUN SKWPTESQAI 'OUK 'HQELETHN, 'ALL' "WMOLOGHSATHN
PANTA CRHMATA 'EPISTASQAI, KAQ' "EN "EKASTON
'ERWTWMENOI "UPO KTHSIPPOU. "O GAR KTHSIPPO$ PANU 'APARAKALUPTW$
'OUDEN "OTI2 'OUK 'HRWTA TELEUTWN, KAI TA 'AISCISTA, 'EI
'EPISTAISQHN; TW DE 'ANDREIOTATA "OMOSE 'HITHN TOI$ 'ERWTHMASIN,
"OMOLOGOUNTE$ 'EIDENAI, "WSPER "OI KAPROI "OI PRO$ THN PLHGHN
"OMOSE 'WQOUMENOI, "WST' 'EGWGE KAI 'AUTO$, 'W* KRITWN, "UP'
'APISTIA$ 'HNAGKASQHN TELEUTWN 'ERESQAI TON8 'EUQUDHMON8 'EI
<P 294E>
KAI 'ORCEISQAI 'EPISTAITO "O DIONUSODWRO$; "O DE, PANU, 'EFH.
'OU-DHPOU 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI 'E$ MACAIRA$ GE KUBISTAN KAI
'EPI TROCOU DINEISQAI THLIKOUTO$ 'WN, "OUTW PORRW SOFIA$
"HKEI$:
'OUDEN, 'EFH, "OTI2 'OU=.
POTERON DE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PANTA NU*N MONON 'EPISTASQON0 'H=-KAI
'AEI:
KAI 'AEI, 'EFH.
KAI "OTE PAIDIA 'HSTHN KAI 'EUQU$ GENOMENOI 'HPISTASQE
PANTA:
'EFATHN "AMA 'AMFOTERW.


<P 295A>
KAI "HMIN MEN 'APISTON 'EDOKEI TO PRAGMA 'EINAI; "O D'
'EUQUDHMO$, 'APISTEI$, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$:
PLHN G' "OTI4, 'H*N7-D'7-'EGW, 'EIKO$ "UMA$ 'ESTI SOFOU$ 'EINAI.
'ALL' 'H=N, 'EFH, 'EQELHSHI$ MOI 'APOKRINESQAI, 'EGW 'EPIDEIXW2
KAI SE TAUTA TA QAUMASTA "OMOLOGOUNTA.
'ALLA=-MHN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "HDISTA TAUTA 'EXELEGCOMAI. 'EI GAR-TOI
LELHQA 'EMAUTON SOFO$ 'WN, SU DE TOUTO 'EPIDEIXEI$ "W$
PANTA 'EPISTAMAI KAI 'AEI, TI= MEIZON "ERMAION 'AUTOU4 'AN4 "EUROIMI
'EN PANTI TW*I BIWI:
'APOKRINOU DH, 'EFH.
<P 295B>
"W$ 'APOKRINOUMENOU 'ERWTA.
'A*R'-'OUN, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EPISTHMWN TOU 'EI* 'H= 'OU=:
'EGWGE. POTERON 'OUN "WI 'EPISTHMWN 'EI*, TOUTWI KAI 'EPISTASAI,
'H= 'ALLWI TWI: "WI 'EPISTHMWN. 'OIMAI GAR SE THN YUCHN
LEGEIN; 'H= 'OU TOUTO LEGEI$:
'OUK 'AISCUNHI0, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$: 'ERWTWMENO$ 'ANTERWTA*I$0:
'EIEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; 'ALLA= PW*$ POIW3: "OUTW GAR POIHSW2
"OPW$ 'AN4 SU KELEUHI$. "OTAN MH 'EIDW "OTI2 'ERWTA*I$0, KELEUEI$
ME "OMW$ 'APOKRINESQAI, 'ALLA= MH 'EPANERESQAI:
<P 295C>
"UPOLAMBANEI$ GAR-DHPOU TI, 'EFH, "O= LEGW0:
'EGWGE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
PRO$ TOUTO TOINUN 'APOKRINOU "O= "UPOLAMBANEI$.
TI= 'OUN, 'EFHN, 'AN2 SU MEN 'ALLHI 'ERWTA*I$2 DIANOOUMENO$, 'EGW
DE 'ALLHI "UPOLABW, 'EPEITA PRO$ TOUTO 'APOKRINWMAI, 'EXARKEI0
SOI4 'EA=N MHDEN PRO$ 'EPO$ 'APOKRINWMAI:
'EMOIGE, 'H*-D'-"O$; 'OU-MENTOI SOI4 GE, "W$ 'EGWIMAI.
'OU-TOINUN MA DI=A 'APOKRINOUMAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PROTERON
PRIN 'AN4 PUQWMAI.
'OUK 'APOKRINHI2, 'EFH, PRO$ "A 'AN4 'AEI "UPOLAMBANHI$, "OTI4 'ECWN
FLUAREI$ KAI 'ARCAIOTERO$ 'EI* TOU* DEONTO$.
<P 295D>
'KAGW 'EGNWN 'AUTON "OTI4 MOI CALEPAINOI DIASTELLONTI TA
LEGOMENA, BOULOMENO$ ME QHREUSAI0 TA 'ONOMATA PERISTHSA$.
'ANEMNHSQHN 'OUN TOU* KONNOU, "OTI4 MOI 'KAKEINO$ CALEPAINEI0
"EKASTOTE "OTAN 'AUTWI MH "UPEIKW3, 'EPEITA MOU "HTTON 'EPIMELEITAI
"W$ 'AMAQOU$ 'ONTO$; 'EPEI DE-'OUN DIENENOHMHN KAI PARA TOUTON
FOITAN, 'WIHQHN DEIN "UPEIKEIN, MH ME SKAION "HGHSAMENO$
FOITHTHN MH PROSDECOITO. 'EIPON 'OUN; 'ALL' 'EI DOKEI0 SOI4,
<P 295E>
'EUQUDHME, "OUTW POIEIN, POIHTEON; SU GAR PANTW$ POU
KALLION 'EPISTASAI DIALEGESQAI 'H= 'EGW, TECNHN 'ECWN 'IDIWTOU
'ANQRWPOU. 'ERWTA 'OUN PALIN 'EX 'ARCH$.
'APOKRINOU DH, 'EFH, PALIN, POTERON 'EPISTASAI TWI "A
'EPISTASAI, 'H= 'OU=: 'EGWGE, 'EFHN, THI GE YUCHI.


<P 296A>
"OUTO$ 'AU, 'EFH, PROSAPOKRINETAI TOI$ 'ERWTWMENOI$. 'OU-GAR
'EGWGE 'ERWTW0 "OTWI, 'ALL' 'EI 'EPISTASAI TWI.
PLEON 'AU, 'EFHN 'EGW, TOU* DEONTO$ 'APEKRINAMHN "UPO 'APAIDEUSIA$.
'ALLA= SUGGIGNWSKE MOI; 'APOKRINOUMAI GAR 'HDH
"APLW$ "OTI4 'EPISTAMAI TWI "A 'EPISTAMAI. POTERON, 'H*-D'-"O$,
TW*I 'AUTWI TOUTWI G' 'AEI, 'H= 'ESTI MEN "OTE TOUTWI, 'ESTIN DE "OTE
"ETERWI: 'AEI, "OTAN 'EPISTWMAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TOUTWI.
'OUK 'AU, 'EFH, PAUSHI2 PARAFQEGGOMENO$:
'ALL' "OPW$ MH TI "HMA$ SFHLHI6 TO 'AEI TOUTO.
<P 296B>
'OU=KOUN "HMA$ G', 'EFH, 'ALL' 'EIPER, SE. 'ALL' 'APOKRINOU;
'H* 'AEI TOUTWI 'EPISTASAI: 'AEI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EPEIDH DEI 'AFELEIN
TO "OTAN. 'OUKOU*N 'AEI MEN TOUTWI 'EPISTASAI; 'AEI D' 'EPISTAMENO$
POTERON TA MEN TOUTWI 'EPISTASAI "WI 'EPISTASAI, TA D'
'ALLWI, 'H= TOUTWI PANTA: TOUTWI, 'EFHN 'EGW, "APANTA, "A G'
'EPISTAMAI.
TOUT' 'EKEINO, 'EFH; "HKEI0 TO 'AUTO PARAFQEGMA.
'ALL' 'AFAIRW0, 'EFHN 'EGW, TO "A G' 'EPISTAMAI.
'ALLA= MHDE "EN, 'EFH, 'AFELHI$; 'OUDEN GAR SOU4 DEOMAI.
<P 296C>
'ALLA= MOI 'APOKRINAI2; DUNAIO 'AN4 "APANTA 'EPISTASQAI, 'EI MH
PANTA 'EPISTAIO:
TERA$ GAR 'AN4 'EIH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
KAI "O$ 'EI*PE; PROSTIQEI TOINUN 'HDH "OTI2 BOULEI; "APANTA
GAR "OMOLOGEI$ 'EPISTASQAI.
'EOIKA, 'EFHN 'EGW, 'EPEIDHPER GE 'OUDEMIAN 'ECEI0 DUNAMIN TO
"A 'EPISTAMAI, PANTA DE 'EPISTAMAI.
'OUKOU*N-KAI 'AEI "WMOLOGHKA$ 'EPISTASQAI TOUTWI "WI 'EPISTASAI,
'EITE "OTAN 'EPISTHI3 'EITE "OPW$ BOULEI; 'AEI GAR "WMOLOGHKA$
'EPISTASQAI KAI "AMA PANTA. DHLON 'OUN "OTI4 KAI PAI$ 'WN
<P 296D>
'HPISTW, KAI "OT' 'EGIGNOU, KAI "OT' 'EFUOU; KAI PRIN 'AUTO$
GENESQAI, KAI PRIN 'OURANON KAI GHN GENESQAI, 'HPISTW
"APANTA, 'EIPER 'AEI 'EPISTASAI. KAI NAI MA DI=A, 'EFH, 'AUTO$
'AEI 'EPISTHSHI2 KAI "APANTA, 'AN2 'EGW BOULWMAI.
'ALLA= BOULHQEIH$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* POLUTIMHTE 'EUQUDHME,
'EI DH TW*I-'ONTI 'ALHQH LEGEI$. 'ALL' 'OU SOI4 PANU PISTEUW0
"IKANWI 'EINAI, 'EI MH SOI4 SUMBOULHQEIH "O 'ADELFO$ SOU4 "OUTOSI
DIONUSODWRO$; "OUTW DE TACA 'AN4. 'EIPETON4 DE MOI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW %
<P 296E>
TA MEN-GAR 'A=LLA 'OUK 'ECW0 "UMIN PW*$ 'AMFISBHTOIHN, "OUTW$
'EI$ SOFIAN TERATWDESIN 'ANQRWPOI$, "OPW$ 'EGW 'OU PANTA
'EPISTAMAI, 'EPEIDH GE "UMEI$ FATE0 % TA DE TOIADE PW*$ FW
'EPISTASQAI, 'EUQUDHME, "W$ "OI 'AGAQOI 'ANDRE$ 'ADIKOI 'EISIN:
FERE 'EIPE=, TOUTO 'EPISTAMAI 'H= 'OUK 'EPISTAMAI:
'EPISTASAI MENTOI, 'EFH.
TI=: 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
"OTI4 'OUK 'ADIKOI 'EISIN "OI 'AGAQOI.


<P 297A>
PANU GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PALAI. 'ALL' 'OU TOUTO 'ERWTW0; 'ALL'
"W$ 'ADIKOI 'EISIN "OI 'AGAQOI, POU* 'EGW TOUTO 'EMAQON:
'OUDAMOU, 'EFH "O DIONUSODWRO$.
'OUK-'A=RA 'EPISTAMAI, 'EFHN, TOUTO 'EGW.
DIAFQEIREI$, 'EFH, TON LOGON, "O 'EUQUDHMO$ PRO$ TON
DIONUSODWRON, KAI FANHSETAI "OUTOSI 'OUK 'EPISTAMENO$, KAI
'EPISTHMWN "AMA 'WN KAI 'ANEPISTHMWN. KAI "O DIONUSODWRO$
'HRUQRIASEN.
'ALLA= SU, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PW*$ LEGEI$, 'W* 'EUQUDHME: 'OU DOKEI0
<P 297B>
SOI4 'ORQW$ "ADELFO$ LEGEIN "O PANT' 'EIDW$:
'ADELFO$ GAR, 'EFH, 'EGW 'EIMI 'EUQUDHMOU, TACU "UPOLABWN
"O DIONUSODWRO$:
'KAGW 'EIPON; 'EASON2, 'WGAQE, "EW$ 'AN4 'EUQUDHMO$ ME DIDAXHI6
"W$ 'EPISTAMAI TOU$ 'AGAQOU$ 'ANDRA$ "OTI4 'ADIKOI 'EISI, KAI MH
MOI FQONHSHI$ TOU* MAQHMATO$.
FEUGEI$ 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, "O DIONUSODWRO$ KAI 'OUK
'EQELEI$ 'APOKRINESQAI.
'EIKOTW$ G', 'EIPON 'EGW; "HTTWN GAR 'EIMI KAI TOU* "ETEROU
"UMWN, "WSTE POLLOU DEW0 MH 'OU DUO GE FEUGEIN. POLU GAR-POU
<P 297C>
'EIMI FAULOTERO$ TOU* "HRAKLEOU$, "O$ 'OUC "OIO$-TE-'H*N THI
TE "UDRA\ DIAMACESQAI, SOFISTRIA\ 'OUSHI KAI DIA= THN SOFIAN
'ANIEISHI, 'EI MIAN KEFALHN TOU* LOGOU TI$ 'APOTEMOI, POLLA$
'ANTI TH$ MIA$, KAI KARKINWI TINI "ETERWI SOFISTHI 'EK QALATTH$
'AFIGMENWI, NEWSTI, MOI DOKEIN, KATAPEPLEUKOTI; "O$ 'EPEIDH
'AUTON 'ELUPEI "OUTW$ 'EK TOU* 'EP' 'ARISTERA LEGWN KAI DAKNWN,
TON 'IOLEWN TON 'ADELFIDOUN BOHQON 'EPEKALESATO, "O DE 'AUTWI
<P 297D>
"IKANW$ 'EBOHQHSEN. "O D' 'EMO$ 'IOLEW$ PATROKLH$8 'EI 'ELQOI,
PLEON 'AN4 QATERON POIHSEIEN.
'APOKRINAI2 DH, 'EFH "O DIONUSODWRO$, "OPOTE SOI4 TAUTA
"UMNHTAI; POTERON "O 'IOLEW$ TOU* "HRAKLEOU$ MALLON 'H*N
'ADELFIDOU$ 'H= SO$:
KRATISTON TOINUN MOI, 'W* DIONUSODWRE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'APOKRINASQAI
SOI4. 'OU-GAR MH 'ANHI$ 'ERWTWN, SCEDON TI 'EGW
TOUT' 'EU 'OIDA, FQONWN KAI DIAKWLUWN, "INA MH DIDAXHI6 ME
'EUQUDHMO$ 'EKEINO TO SOFON. 'APOKRINOU DH, 'EFH. 'APOKRINOMAI
DH, 'EIPON, "OTI4 TOU* "HRAKLEOU$ 'H*N "O 'IOLEW$ 'ADELFIDOU$,
<P 297E>
'EMO$ D', "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0, 'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN. 'OU-GAR
PATROKLH$ 'H*N 'AUTWI PATHR, "O 'EMO$ 'ADELFO$, 'ALLA= PARAPLHSION
MEN 'TOUNOMA 'IFIKLH$, "O "HRAKLEOU$ 'ADELFO$.
PATROKLH$ DE, 'H*-D'-"O$, SO$: PANU G', 'EFHN 'EGW, "OMOMHTRIO$
GE, 'OU-MENTOI "OMOPATRIO$. 'ADELFO$ 'A=RA 'ESTI SOI4
KAI 'OUK 'ADELFO$. 'OUC "OMOPATRIO$ GE, 'W* BELTISTE, 'EFHN;
'EKEINOU MEN-GAR CAIREDHMO$ 'H*N PATHR, 'EMO$ DE SWFRONISKO$.
PATHR DE 'H*N, 'EFH, SWFRONISKO$ KAI CAIREDHMO$: PANU


<P 298A>
G', 'EFHN; "O MEN-GE 'EMO$, "O DE 'EKEINOU. 'OUKOU*N 'H*-D'-"O$, "ETERO$
'H*N CAIREDHMO$ TOU* PATRO$: 'TOUMOU G', 'EFHN 'EGW. 'A*R'-'OUN
PATHR 'H*N "ETERO$ 'WN PATRO$: 'H= SU 'EI* "O 'AUTO$ TW*I LIQWI:
DEDOIKA MEN 'EGWG', 'EFHN, MH FANW "UPO SOU4 "O 'AUTO$; 'OU-MENTOI
MOI DOKW0. 'OUKOU*N "ETERO$ 'EI*, 'EFH, TOU* LIQOU:
"ETERO$ MENTOI. 'ALLO TI 'OUN "ETERO$, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'WN LIQOU 'OU
LIQO$ 'EI*: KAI "ETERO$ 'WN CRUSOU 'OU CRUSO$ 'EI*: 'ESTI TAUTA.
'OU=KOUN-KAI "O CAIREDHMO$, 'EFH, "ETERO$ 'WN PATRO$ 'OUK8
'AN84 PATHR 'ESTIN. 'EOIKEN0, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OU PATHR 'EINAI.
<P 298B>
'EI GAR-DHPOU, 'EFH, PATHR 'ESTIN "O CAIREDHMO$, "UPOLABWN
"O 'EUQUDHMO$, PALIN 'AU "O SWFRONISKO$ "ETERO$ 'WN PATRO$
'OU PATHR 'ESTIN, "WSTE SU, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'APATWR 'EI*.
KAI "O KTHSIPPO$ 'EKDEXAMENO$, "O DE "UMETERO$, 'EFH, 'AU
PATHR 'OU 'TAUTA TAUTA PEPONQEN0: "ETERO$ 'ESTIN 'TOUMOU PATRO$:
POLLOU G', 'EFH, DEI, "O 'EUQUDHMO$. 'ALLA=, 'H*-D'-"O$, "O
'AUTO$: "O 'AUTO$ MENTOI. 'OUK 'AN4 SUMBOULOIMHN. 'ALLA=
<P 298C>
POTERON, 'W* 'EUQUDHME, 'EMO$ MONON 'ESTI PATHR 'H=-KAI TWN
'ALLWN 'ANQRWPWN: KAI TWN 'ALLWN, 'EFH; 'H= 'OIEI TON 'AUTON
PATERA 'ONTA 'OU PATERA 'EINAI: 'WIMHN DHTA, 'EFH "O KTHSIPPO$.
TI= DE: 'H*-D'-"O$; CRUSON 'ONTA MH CRUSON 'EINAI:
'H= 'ANQRWPON 'ONTA MH 'ANQRWPON: MH-GAR, 'EFH "O KTHSIPPO$,
'W* 'EUQUDHME, TO LEGOMENON, 'OU LINON LINWI SUNAPTEI$;
DEINON GAR LEGEI$ PRAGMA 'EI "O SO$ PATHR PANTWN 'ESTIN
PATHR. 'ALL' 'ESTIN, 'EFH. POTERON 'ANQRWPWN: 'H*-D'-"O$
"O KTHSIPPO$, 'H=-KAI "IPPWN KAI TWN 'ALLWN PANTWN ZWIWN:
<P 298D>
PANTWN, 'EFH. 'H*-KAI MHTHR "H MHTHR: KAI "H MHTHR GE.
KAI TWN 'ECINWN 'A=RA, 'EFH, "H SH MHTHR MHTHR 'ESTI TWN
QALATTIWN. KAI "H SH G', 'EFH. KAI SU 'A=RA 'ADELFO$
'EI* TWN KWBIWN KAI KUNARIWN KAI COIRIDIWN. KAI-GAR SU,
'EFH. KAPRO$ 'A=RA SOI4 PATHR 'ESTI KAI KUWN. KAI-GAR
SOI4, 'EFH.
'AUTIKA DE-GE, 'H*-D'-"O$ "O DIONUSODWRO$, 'AN2 MOI 'APOKRINHI3,
'W* KTHSIPPE, "OMOLOGHSEI$ TAUTA. 'EIPE= GAR MOI, 'ESTI SOI4
KUWN: KAI MALA PONHRO$, 'EFH "O KTHSIPPO$. 'ESTIN 'OUN
<P 298E>
'AUTWI KUNIDIA: KAI MAL', 'EFH, "E=TERA TOIAUTA. 'OUKOU*N
PATHR 'ESTIN 'AUTWN "O KUWN: 'EGWGE TOI 'EIDON, 'EFH, 'AUTON
'OCEUONTA THN KUNA. TI= 'OUN: 'OU SO$ 'ESTIN "O KUWN: PANU
G', 'EFH. 'OUKOU*N PATHR 'WN SO$ 'ESTIN, "WSTE SO$ PATHR
GIGNETAI "O KUWN KAI SU KUNARIWN 'ADELFO$:
KAI 'AUQI$ TACU "UPOLABWN "O DIONUSODWRO$, "INA MH
PROTERON TI 'EIPOI "O KTHSIPPO$, KAI 'ETI GE MOI MIKRON, 'EFH,
'APOKRINAI2; TUPTEI$ TON KUNA TOUTON: KAI "O KTHSIPPO$
GELASA$, NH TOU$ QEOU$, 'EFH; 'OU-GAR DUNAMAI SE. 'OUKOU*N
TON SAUTOU PATERA, 'EFH, TUPTEI$:


<P 299A>
POLU MENTOI, 'EFH, DIKAIOTERON TON "UMETERON PATER' 'AN74
TUPTOIMI, "OTI-MAQWN SOFOU$ "UEI$ "OUTW$ 'EFUSEN. 'ALL'-'H*-POU
'W* 'EUQUDHME "O8 KTHSIPPO$8, POLL' 'AGAQA 'APO TH$
"UMETERA$ SOFIA$ TAUTH$ 'APOLELAUKEN0 "O PATHR "O "UMETERO$
TE-KAI TWN KUNIDIWN.
'ALL' 'OUDEN DEITAI POLLWN 'AGAQWN, 'W* KTHSIPPE, 'OUT'
'EKEINO$ 'OUTE SU.
'OUDE SU, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'W* 'EUQUDHME, 'AUTO$:
'OUDE 'ALLO$ GE 'OUDEI$ 'ANQRWPWN. 'EIPE= GAR MOI, 'W*
<P 299B>
KTHSIPPE, 'EI 'AGAQON NOMIZEI$ 'EINAI 'ASQENOUNTI FARMAKON
PIEIN 'H= 'OUK 'AGAQON 'EINAI DOKEI0 SOI4, "OTAN DEHTAI; 'H= 'EI$
POLEMON "OTAN 'IHI, "OPLA 'ECONTA MALLON 'IENAI 'H= 'ANOPLON.
'EMOIGE, 'EFH. KAITOI 'OIMAI TI SE TWN KALWN 'EREIN2. SU
'ARISTA 'EISHI2, 'EFH; 'ALL' 'APOKRINOU. 'EPEIDH GAR "WMOLOGEI$
'AGAQON 'EINAI FARMAKON, "OTAN DEHI5, PINEIN 'ANQRWPWI, 'ALLO TI
TOUTO TO 'AGAQON "W$ PLEISTON DEI PINEIN, KAI KALW$ 'EKEI "EXEI2,
'EA=N TI$ 'AUTWI TRIYA$ 'EGKERASHI6 'ELLEBOROU "AMAXAN: KAI "O
KTHSIPPO$ 'EI*PEN; PANU GE SFODRA, 'W* 'EUQUDHME, 'EA=N 'HI GE
<P 299C>
"O PINWN "OSO$ "O 'ANDRIA$ "O 'EN DELFOI$. 'OUKOU*N 'EFH, KAI 'EN
TW*I POLEMWI 'EPEIDH 'AGAQON 'ESTIN "OPLA 'ECEIN, "W$ PLEISTA DEI
'ECEIN DORATA TE-KAI 'ASPIDA$, 'EPEIDHPER 'AGAQON 'ESTIN:
MALA DHPOU, 'EFH "O KTHSIPPO$; SU D' 'OUK 'OIEI, 'W* 'EUQUDHME,
'ALLA= MIAN KAI "EN DORU: 'EGWGE. 'H*-KAI TON GHRUONHN 'AN4,
'EFH, KAI TON BRIAREWN "OUTW$ SU "OPLISAI$: 'EGW DE 'WIMHN SE
DEINOTERON 'EINAI, "ATE "OPLOMACHN 'ONTA, KAI TONDE TON "ETAIRON.
KAI "O MEN 'EUQUDHMO$ 'ESIGHSEN; "O DE DIONUSODWRO$ PRO$
<P 299D>
TA PROTERON 'APOKEKRIMENA TW*I KTHSIPPWI 'HRETO, 'OUKOU*N-KAI
CRUSION, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'AGAQON DOKEI0 SOI4 'EINAI 'ECEIN: PANU,
KAI TAUTA GE POLU, 'EFH "O KTHSIPPO$. TI= 'OUN: 'AGAQA 'OU
DOKEI0 SOI4 CRHNAI0 'AEI T' 'ECEIN KAI PANTACOU: SFODRA G',
'EFH. 'OUKOU*N-KAI TO CRUSION 'AGAQON "OMOLOGEI$ 'EINAI:
"WMOLOGHKA MEN-'OUN, 'H*-D'-"O$. 'OUKOU*N 'AEI DEI 'AUTO 'ECEIN
KAI PANTACOU KAI "W$ MALISTA 'EN "EAUTWI: KAI 'EIH 'AN4 'EUDAIMONESTATO$
<P 299E>
'EI 'ECOI CRUSIOU MEN TRIA TALANTA 'EN THI GASTRI,
TALANTON D' 'EN TW*I KRANIWI, STATHRA DE CRUSOU 'EN "EKATERWI
'TWFQALMWI: FASI0 GE-'OUN, 'W* 'EUQUDHME, 'EFH "O KTHSIPPO$,
TOUTOU$ 'EUDAIMONESTATOU$ 'EINAI SKUQWN KAI 'ARISTOU$ 'ANDRA$,
"OI= CRUSION TE 'EN TOI$ KRANIOI$ 'ECOUSIN0 POLU TOI$ "EAUTWN,
"WSPER SU NUNDH 'ELEGE$ TON KUNA TON PATERA, KAI "O= QAUMASIWTERON
GE 'ETI, "OTI4 KAI PINOUSIN0 'EK TWN "EAUTWN KRANIWN
KECRUSWMENWN, KAI TAUTA 'ENTO$ KAQORWSIN0, THN "EAUTWN
KORUFHN 'EN TAI$ CERSIN 'ECONTE$.


<P 300A>
POTERON DE "ORWSIN0, 'EFH "O 'EUQUDHMO$, KAI SKUQAI TE-KAI
"OI 'ALLOI 'ANQRWPOI TA DUNATA "ORAN 'H= TA 'ADUNATA: TA
DUNATA DHPOU. 'OUKOU*N-KAI SU, 'EFH: 'KAGW. "ORA*I$0 'OUN
TA "HME=TERA "IMATIA: NAI. DUNATA 'OUN "ORAN 'ESTIN TAUTA.
"UPERFUW$, 'EFH "O KTHSIPPO$. TI= DE: 'H*-D'-"O$. MHDEN.
SU DE 'ISW$ 'OUK 'OIEI 'AUTA "ORAN; "OUTW$ "HDU$ 'EI*. 'ALLA= MOI
DOKEI$, 'EUQUDHME, 'OU KAQEUDWN 'EPIKEKOIMHSQAI KAI, 'EI7 "OION-TE
LEGONTA MHDEN LEGEIN, KAI SU TOUTO POIEIN.
<P 300B>
'H*-GAR 'OUC "OION-T', 'EFH "O DIONUSODWRO$, SIGWNTA
LEGEIN: 'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN, 'H*-D'-"O$ "O KTHSIPPO$. 'A*R'-'OUDE
LEGONTA SIGAN: 'ETI "HTTON, 'EFH. "OTAN 'OUN LIQOU$ LEGHI$
KAI XULA KAI SIDHRIA, 'OU SIGWNTA LEGEI$: 'OU=KOUN 'EI GE
'EGW, 'EFH, PARERCOMAI 'EN TOI$ CALKEIOI$, 'ALLA= FQEGGOMENA
KAI BOWNTA MEGISTON TA SIDHRIA LEGETAI, 'EA=N TI$ "AYHTAI;
"WSTE TOUTO MEN "UPO SOFIA$ 'ELAQE$ 'OUDEN 'EIPWN. 'ALL' 'ETI
MOI TO "ETERON 'EPIDEIXATON, "OPW$ 'AU 'ESTIN2 LEGONTA SIGAN.
<P 300C>
KAI MOI 'EDOKEI "UPERAGWNIAN "O KTHSIPPO$ DIA= TA PAIDIKA.
"OTAN SIGA*I$2, 'EFH "O 'EUQUDHMO$, 'OU PANTA SIGA*I$0: 'EGWGE,
'H*-D'-"O$. 'OUKOU*N-KAI TA LEGONTA SIGA*I$0, 'EIPER TWN "APANTWN
'ESTIN TA8 LEGOMENA8. TI= DE: 'EFH "O KTHSIPPO$, 'OU SIGA*I0
PANTA: 'OU-DHPOU, 'EFH "O 'EUQUDHMO$. 'ALL'-'A=RA, 'W* BELTISTE,
LEGEI0 TA PANTA: TA GE-DHPOU LEGONTA. 'ALLA=, 'H*-D'-"O$,
'OU TOUTO 'ERWTW0, 'ALLA= TA PANTA SIGA*I0 'H= LEGEI0:
<P 300D>
'OUDE=TERA KAI 'AMFO=TERA, 'EFH "UFARPASA$ "O DIONUSODWRO$;
'EU GAR 'OIDA "OTI4 THI 'APOKRISEI 'OUC "EXEI$ "OTI2 CRHI4.
KAI "O KTHSIPPO$, "WSPER 'EIWQEI, MEGA PANU 'ANAKAGCASA$,
'W* 'EUQUDHME, 'EFH, "O 'ADELFO$ SOU4 'EXHMFOTERIKEN0 TON LOGON,
KAI 'APOLWLE0 TE-KAI "HTTHTAI. KAI "O KLEINIA$ PANU "HSQH
KAI 'EGELASEN, "WSTE "O KTHSIPPO$ 'EGENETO PLEION 'H= DEKAPLASIO$.
"O DE MOI DOKEI0 "ATE PANOURGO$ 'WN, "O KTHSIPPO$,
PAR' 'AUTWN TOUTWN 'AUTA TAUTA PARHKHKOEI; 'OU-GAR 'ESTIN
'ALLWN TOIAUTH SOFIA TWN NU*N 'ANQRWPWN.
<P 300E>
'KAGW 'EIPON; TI= GELA*I$0, 'W* KLEINIA, 'EPI SPOUDAIOI$ "OUTW
PRAGMASIN KAI KALOI$:
SU GAR 'HDH TI PWPOT' 'EIDE$, 'W* SWKRATE$, KALON PRAGMA:
'EFH "O DIONUSODWRO$.
'EGWGE, 'EFHN, KAI POLLA GE, 'W* DIONUSODWRE.


<P 301A>
'A*RA "E=TERA 'ONTA TOU* KALOU, 'EFH, 'H= 'TAUTA TW*I KALWI:
'KAGW 'EN PANTI 'EGENOMHN "UPO 'APORIA$, KAI "HGOUMHN
DI=KAIA PEPONQENAI "OTI4 'EGRUXA, "OMW$ DE "E=TERA 'EFHN 'AUTOU4
GE TOU* KALOU; PARESTIN MENTOI "EKASTWI 'AUTWN KALLO$ TI.
'EA=N 'OUN, 'EFH, PARAGENHTAI SOI4 BOU$, BOU$ 'EI*, KAI "OTI4
NU*N 'EGW SOI4 PAREIMI, DIONUSODWRO$ 'EI*:
'EUFHMEI5 TOUTO GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
'ALLA= TI=NA TROPON, 'EFH, "ETEROU "ETERWI PARAGENOMENOU
TO "ETERON "ETERON 'AN4 'EIH:
<P 301B>
'A*RA TOUTO, 'EFHN 'EGW, 'APOREI$: 'HDH DE TOIN 'ANDROIN
THN SOFIAN 'EPECEIROUN MIMEISQAI, "ATE 'EPIQUMWN 'AUTH$.
PW*$ GAR 'OUK 'APORW0, 'EFH, KAI 'EGW KAI "OI 'ALLOI "APANTE$
'ANQRWPOI "O= MH 'ESTI:
TI= LEGEI$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* DIONUSODWRE: 'OU TO KALON KALON
'ESTIN KAI TO 'AISCRON 'AISCRON: 'EA=N 'EMOIGE, 'EFH, DOKHI5.
'OUKOU*N DOKEI0: PANU G', 'EFH. 'OUKOU*N-KAI TO 'TAUTON 'TAUTON
KAI TO "ETERON "ETERON: 'OU-GAR-DHPOU TO GE "ETERON 'TAUTON, 'ALL'
<P 301C>
'EGWGE 'OUD' 'AN4 PAIDA 'WIMHN TOUTO 'APORHSAI0, "W$ 'OU TO "ETERON
"ETERON 'ESTIN. 'ALL', 'W* DIONUSODWRE, TOUTO MEN "EKWN PARHKA$,
'EPEI TA 'A=LLA MOI DOKEITE0 "WSPER "OI DHMIOURGOI "OI$ "EKASTA
PROSHKEI0 'APERGAZESQAI, KAI "UMEI$ TO DIALEGESQAI PAGKALW$
'APERGAZESQAI.
'OISQA 'OUN, 'EFH, "OTI2 PROSHKEI0 "EKASTOI$ TWN DHMIOURGWN:
PRWTON TI=NA CALKEUEIN PROSHKEI0, 'OISQA: 'EGWGE; "OTI4 CALKEA.
TI= DE, KERAMEUEIN: KERAMEA. TI= DE, SFATTEIN TE-KAI
'EKDEREIN KAI TA MIKRA KREA KATAKOYANTA "EYEIN KAI 'OPTAN:
<P 301D>
MAGEIRON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. 'OUKOU*N 'EA=N TI$, 'EFH, TA PROSHKONTA
PRATTHI5, 'ORQW$ PRAXEI2: MALISTA. PROSHKEI0 DE-GE,
"W$ FH=I$, TON MAGEIRON KATAKOPTEIN KAI 'EKDEREIN: "WMOLOGHSA$
TAUTA 'H= 'OU=: "WMOLOGHSA, 'EFHN, 'ALLA= SUGGNWMHN MOI 'ECE.
DHLON TOINUN, 'H*-D'-"O$, "OTI4 'AN2 TI$ SFAXA$ TON MAGEIRON KAI
KATAKOYA$ "EYHSHI6 KAI 'OPTHSHI6, TA PROSHKONTA POIHSEI2; KAI
'EA=N TON CALKEA TI$ 'AUTON CALKEUHI5 KAI TON KERAMEA KERAMEUHI5,
KAI "OUTO$ TA PROSHKONTA PRAXEI2.
<P 301E>
'W* POSEIDON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'HDH KOLOFWNA 'EPITIQEI*$ THI
SOFIA\. 'A*RA MOI POTE "AU=TH PARAGENHSETAI "WSTE MOI 'OIKEI=A
GENESQAI:
'EPIGNOIH$ 'AN4 'AUTHN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EFH, 'OIKEIAN
GENOMENHN:
'EA=N SU GE BOULHI3, 'EFHN 'EGW DHLON "OTI4.
TI= DE, 'H*-D'-"O$, TA SAUTOU 'OIEI GIGNWSKEIN:
'EI MH TI SU 'ALLO LEGEI$; 'APO SOU4 GAR DEI 'ARCESQAI,
TELEUTAN D' 'EI$ 'EUQUDHMON TONDE.
'A*R'-'OUN, 'EFH, TAUTA "HGHI0 SA 'EINAI, "WN 'AN4 'ARXHI$ KAI 'EXHI


<P 302A>
SOI4 'AUTOI$ CRHSQAI "OTI2 'AN4 BOULHI3: "OION BOU$ KAI PROBATON,
'A*R' 'AN4 "HGOIO TAUTA SA 'EINAI, "A SOI4 'EXEIH KAI 'APODOSQAI
KAI DOUNAI0 KAI QUSAI0 "OTWI BOULOIO QEWN: "A D' 'AN4 MH "OUTW$
'ECHI5, 'OU SA:
'KAGW % 'HIDH GAR "OTI4 'EX 'AUTWN KALON TI 'ANAKUYOITO TWN
'ERWTHMATWN, KAI "AMA BOULOMENO$ "OTI2 TACIST' 'AKOUSAI0 %
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFHN, "OUTW$ 'ECEI0; TA TOIAUTA 'ESTIN MONA
'EMA. TI= DE: ZWIA, 'EFH, 'OU TAUTA KALEI$0 "A 'AN4 YUCHN 'ECHI5:
<P 302B>
NAI, 'EFHN. "OMOLOGEI$ 'OUN TWN ZWIWN TAUTA MONA 'EINAI
SA, PERI= "A 'AN4 SOI4 'EXOUSIA 'HI PANTA TAUTA POIEIN "A NUNDH
'EGW 'ELEGON: "OMOLOGW0. KAI "O$, 'EIRWNIKW$ PANU 'EPISCWN
"W$ TI MEGA SKOPOUMENO$, 'EIPE= MOI, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ESTIN
SOI4 ZEU$ PATRWIO$: KAI 'EGW "UPOPTEUSA$ "HXEIN TON LOGON
"OIPER4 'ETELEUTHSEN, 'APORON TINA STROFHN 'EFEUGON TE-KAI
'ESTREFOMHN 'HDH "WSPER 'EN DIKTUWI 'EILHMMENO$; 'OUK 'ESTIN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW,
'W* DIONUSODWRE. TALAIPWRO$ 'A=RA TI$ SU GE 'ANQRWPO$
<P 302C>
'EI* KAI-'OUDE 'AQHNAIO$, "WI MHTE QEOI PATRWIOI 'EISIN MHTE
"IERA MHTE 'ALLO MHDEN KALON KAI 'AGAQON. 'EA3, 'H*N-D'-'EGW,
'W* DIONUSODWRE, 'EUFHMEI5 TE-KAI MH CALEPW$ ME PRODIDASKE.
'ESTI GAR 'EMOIGE KAI BWMOI KAI "IERA 'OIKEI*A KAI PATRW*IA KAI
TA 'A=LLA "OSAPER TOI$ 'ALLOI$ 'AQHNAIOI$ TWN TOIOUTWN.
'EITA TOI$ 'ALLOI$, 'EFH, 'AQHNAIOI$ 'OUK 'ESTIN ZEU$ "O PATRWIO$:
'OUK 'ESTIN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "AU=TH "H 'EPWNUMIA 'IWNWN 'OUDENI,
'OUQ' "OSOI 'EK THSDE TH$ POLEW$ 'APWIKISMENOI 'EISIN 'OUQ' "HMIN,
<P 302D>
'ALLA= 'APOLLWN PATRWIO$ DIA= THN TOU* 'IWNO$ GENESIN; ZEU$
D' "HMIN PATRWIO$ MEN 'OU KALEITAI0, "ERKEIO$ DE-KAI FRATRIO$,
KAI 'AQHNAIA FRATRI=A. 'ALL' 'ARKEI0 G', 'EFH "O DIONUSODWRO$;
'ESTIN GAR SOI4, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'APOLLWN TE-KAI ZEU$ KAI 'AQHNA.
PANU, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. 'OUKOU*N-KAI "OUTOI SOI4 QEOI 'AN4 'EIEN:
'EFH. PROGONOI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI DESPOTAI. 'ALL'-'OUN SOI4
GE, 'EFH; 'H= 'OU SOU$ "WMOLOGHKA$ 'AUTOU$ 'EINAI: "WMOLOGHKA,
'EFHN; TI= GAR PAQW: 'OUKOU*N 'EFH, KAI ZWIA 'EISIN "OUTOI "OI
<P 302E>
QEOI: "WMOLOGHKA$ GAR "OSA YUCHN 'ECEI0 ZWIA 'EINAI. 'H= "OUTOI
"OI QEOI 'OUK 'ECOUSIN0 YUCHN: 'ECOUSIN0, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. 'OUKOU*N-KAI
ZWIA 'EISIN: ZWIA, 'EFHN. TWN DE-GE ZWIWN, 'EFH, "WMOLOGHKA$
TAUT' 'EINAI SA, "OSA 'AN4 SOI4 'EXHI KAI DOUNAI0 KAI
'APODOSQAI KAI QUSAI0 DH QEWI "OTWI 'AN4 BOULHI3. "WMOLOGHKA,
'EFHN; 'OUK 'ESTIN GAR MOI 'ANADUSI$, 'W* 'EUQUDHME. 'IQI DH MOI
'EUQU$, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'EIPE=; 'EPEIDH SON "OMOLOGEI$ 'EINAI TON DI=A


<P 303A>
KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ QEOU$, 'A*RA 'EXESTI SOI4 'AUTOU$ 'APODOSQAI
'H= DOUNAI0 'H= 'A=LL' "OTI2 'AN4 BOULHI3 CRHSQAI "WSPER TOI$ 'ALLOI$
ZWIOI$:
'EGW MEN-'OUN, 'W* KRITWN, "WSPER PLHGEI$ "UPO TOU* LOGOU,
'EKEIMHN 'AFWNO$; "O DE KTHSIPPO$ MOI 'IWN "W$ BOHQHSWN,
PUPPAX 'W* "HRAKLEI$, 'EFH, KALOU LOGOU. KAI "O DIONUSODWRO$,
POTERON 'OUN, 'EFH, "O "HRAKLH$ PUPPAX 'ESTIN 'H= "O
PUPPAX "HRAKLH$: KAI "O KTHSIPPO$, 'W* POSEIDON, 'EFH,
DEINWN LOGWN. 'AFISTAMAI; 'AMACW TW 'ANDRE.
<P 303B>
'ENTAUQA MENTOI, 'W* FILE KRITWN, 'OUDEI$ "OSTI$ 'OU TWN
PARONTWN0 "UPEREPHINESE TON LOGON KAI TW 'ANDRE, KAI GELWNTE$
KAI KROTOUNTE$ KAI CAIRONTE$ 'OLIGOU PARETAQHSAN. 'EPI MEN-GAR
TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN 'EF' "EKASTOI$ PASI PAGKALW$ 'EQORUBOUN
MONOI "OI TOU* 'EUQUDHMOU 'ERASTAI, 'ENTAUQA DE 'OLIGOU KAI "OI
KIONE$ "OI 'EN TW*I LUKEIWI 'EQORUBHSAN T' 'EPI TOIN 'ANDROIN KAI
"HSQHSAN. 'EGW MEN-'OUN-KAI 'AUTO$ "OUTW DIETEQHN, "WSTE
<P 303C>
"OMOLOGEIN MHDENA$ PWPOTE 'ANQRWPOU$ 'IDEIN "OUTW SOFOU$,
KAI PANTAPASI KATADOULWQEI$ "UPO TH$ SOFIA$ 'AUTOIN 'EPI
TO 'EPAINEIN TE-KAI 'EGKWMIAZEIN 'AUTW 'ETRAPOMHN, KAI 'EIPON;
'W* MAKARIOI SFW TH$ QAUMASTH$ FUSEW$, "OI= TOSOUTON PRAGMA
"OUTW TACU KAI 'EN 'OLIGWI CRONWI 'EXEIRGASQON. POLLA MEN-'OUN-KAI
'A=LLA "OI LOGOI "UMWN KALA 'ECOUSIN0, 'W* 'EUQUDHME TE-KAI
DIONUSODWRE; 'EN DE TOI$ KAI TOUTO MEGALOPREPESTATON
"OTI4 TWN POLLWN 'ANQRWPWN KAI TWN SEMNWN DH-KAI DOKOUNTWN0
<P 303D>
TI 'EINAI 'OUDEN "UMIN MELEI0, 'ALLA= TWN "OMOIWN "UMIN MONON.
'EGW GAR 'EU 'OIDA "OTI4 TOUTOU$ TOU$ LOGOU$ PANU MEN 'AN4 'OLIGOI
'AGAPWIEN 'ANQRWPOI "OMOIOI "UMIN, "OI D' 'ALLOI "OUTW$ 'AGNOOUSIN0
'AUTOU$, "WST' 'EU 'OIDA "OTI4 'AISCUNQEIEN 'AN4 MALLON 'EXELEGCONTE$
TOIOUTOI$ LOGOI$ TOU$ 'ALLOU$ 'H= 'AUTOI 'EXELEGCOMENOI. KAI
TODE 'AU "ETERON DHMOTIKON TI KAI PRA*ION 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$;
"OPOTAN FHTE MHTE KALON 'EINAI MHDEN MHTE 'AGAQON PRAGMA
MHTE LEUKON MHD' 'ALLO TWN TOIOUTWN MHDEN, MHDE TO PARAPAN
<P 303E>
"ETERWN "ETERON, 'ATECNW$ MEN TW*I-'ONTI SURRAPTETE TA STOMATA
TWN 'ANQRWPWN, "WSPER KAI FATE0; "OTI4 D' 'OU MONON TA TWN
'ALLWN, 'ALLA= DOXAITE 'AN4 KAI TA "UME=TERA-'AUTWN, TOUTO PANU
CARIEN TE 'ESTIN KAI TO 'EPACQE$ TWN LOGWN 'AFAIREITAI. TO
DE-DH MEGISTON, "OTI4 TAUTA "OUTW$ 'ECEI0 "UMIN KAI TECNIKW$
'EXHURHTAI, "WST' 'EN7 PANU 'OLIGWI CRONWI "ONTINOUN 'AN4 MAQEIN
'ANQRWPWN; 'EGNWN 'EGWGE KAI TW*I KTHSIPPWI TON NOUN PROSECWN
"W$ TACU "UMA$ 'EK TOU* PARACRHMA MIMEISQAI "OIO$-TE-'H*N.


<P 304A>
TOUTO MEN-'OUN TOU* PRAGMATO$ SFWN TO SOFON PRO$ MEN TO
TACU PARADIDONAI KALON, 'ENANTION D' 'ANQRWPWN DIALEGESQAI
'OUK 'EPITHDEION, 'ALL' 'AN2 GE MOI PEIQHSQE, 'EULABHSESQE MH
POLLWN 'ENANTION LEGEIN, "INA MH TACU 'EKMAQONTE$ "UMIN MH
'EIDWSIN CARIN. 'ALLA= MALISTA MEN 'AUTW PRO$ 'ALLHLW MONW
DIALEGESQON2; 'EI DE MH, 'EIPER 'ALLOU TOU 'ENANTION, 'EKEINOU
MONOU "O$ 'AN4 "UMIN DIDWI0 'ARGURION. TA 'AUTA DE TAUTA, 'EA=N
<P 304B>
SWFRONHTE, KAI TOI$ MAQHTAI$ SUMBOULEUSETE, MHDEPOTE
MHDENI 'ANQRWPWN DIALEGESQAI 'ALL'-'H= "UMIN TE-KAI "AUTOI$;
TO GAR SPANION, 'W* 'EUQUDHME, TIMION, TO DE "UDWR9 'EUWNOTATON,
'ARISTON9 'ON, "W$ 'EFH PINDARO$. 'ALL' 'AGETE3, 'H*N-D'-'EGW,
"OPW$ 'KAME KAI KLEINIAN TONDE PARADEXESQON.
TAUTA, 'W* KRITWN, KAI 'A=LLA 'ATTA 'ETI BRACEA DIALECQENTE$
'APHIMEN. SKOPEI5 'OUN "OPW$ SUMFOITHSEI$ PARA TW
<P 304C>
'ANDRE, "W$ 'EKEINW FATON0 "OIW-TE-'EINAI DIDAXAI0 TON 'EQELONT'
'ARGURION DIDONAI, KAI-'OUTE FUSIN 'OUQ' "HLIKIAN 'EXEIRGEIN
'OUDEMIAN % "O= DE-KAI SOI4 MALISTA PROSHKEI0 'AKOUSAI0, "OTI4 'OUDE
TOU* CRHMATIZESQAI FATON0 DIAKWLUEIN 'OUDEN % MH 'OU PARALABEIN
"ONTINOUN 'EUPETW$ THN SFETERAN SOFIAN.
KR _ KAI-MHN, 'W* SWKRATE$, FILHKOO$ MEN 'EGWGE KAI
"HDEW$ 'AN4 TI MANQANOIMI, KINDUNEUW0 MENTOI 'KAGW "EI$ 'EINAI
TWN 'OUC "OMOIWN 'EUQUDHMWI, 'ALL' 'EKEINWN "WN DH-KAI SU
<P 304D>
'ELEGE$, TWN "HDION 'AN4 'EXELEGCOMENWN "UPO TWN TOIOUTWN
LOGWN 'H= 'EXELEGCONTWN0. 'ATAR GELOION MEN MOI DOKEI0 'EINAI
TO NOUQETEIN SE, "OMW$ DE, "A G' 'HKOUON, 'EQELW0 SOI4 'APAGGEILAI0.
TWN 'AF' "UMWN 'APIONTWN0 'ISQ' "OTI4 PROSELQWN TI$
MOI PERIPATOUNTI, 'ANHR 'OIOMENO$ PANU 'EINAI SOFO$, TOUTWN
TI$ TWN PERI= TOU$ LOGOU$ TOU$ 'EI$ TA DIKASTHRIA DEINWN,
'W* KRITWN, 'EFH, 'OUDEN 'AKROA*I3 TWNDE TWN SOFWN: 'OU MA
TON DI=A, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; 'OU-GAR "OIO$-T'-'H*2 PROSSTA$ KATAKOUEIN
"UPO TOU* 'OCLOU. KAI-MHN, 'EFH, 'AXION G' 'H*N 'AKOUSAI0. TI=
<P 304E>
DE: 'H*N-D'-'EGW. "INA 'HKOUSA$ 'ANDRWN DIALEGOMENWN "OI= NU*N
SOFWTATOI 'EISI TWN PERI= TOU$ TOIOUTOU$ LOGOU$. 'KAGW
'EIPON; TI= 'OUN 'EFAINONTO SOI4: TI= DE 'ALLO, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'H= "OI*APER
'AEI 'AN4 TI$ TWN TOIOUTWN 'AKOUSAI0 LHROUNTWN0 KAI PERI= 'OUDENO$
'AXIWN 'ANAXIAN SPOUDHN POIOUMENWN: "OUTWSI GAR PW$ KAI
'EI*PEN TOI$ 'ONOMASIN. KAI 'EGW, 'ALLA=-MENTOI, 'EFHN, CARIEN
GE TI PRAGMA 'ESTIN "H FILOSOFIA. POI*ON, 'EFH, CARIEN, 'W*


<P 305A>
MAKARIE: 'OUDENO$ MEN-'OUN 'AXION. 'ALLA=-KAI 'EI NU*N PAREGENOU,
PANU 'AN4 SE 'OIMAI 'AISCUNQHNAI "UPER TOU* SEAUTOU "ETAIROU;
"OUTW$ 'H*N 'ATOPO$, 'EQELWN "EAUTON PARECEIN 'ANQRWPOI$ "OI$
'OUDEN MELEI0 "OTI2 'AN4 LEGWSIN, PANTO$ DE "RHMATO$ 'ANTECONTAI.
KAI "OUTOI, "OPER 'ARTI 'ELEGON, 'EN TOI$ KRATISTOI 'EISI TWN
NU*N. 'ALLA=-GAR, 'W* KRITWN, 'EFH, TO PRAGMA 'AUTO KAI "OI
'ANQRWPOI "OI 'EPI TW*I PRAGMATI DIATRIBONTE$ FAULOI 'EISIN KAI
KATAGELASTOI. 'EMOI4 DE, 'W* SWKRATE$, TO PRAGMA 'EDOKEI
<P 305B>
'OUK 'ORQW$ YEGEIN 'OUQ' "OUTO$ 'OUT' 'EI TI$ 'ALLO$ YEGEI0; TO
MENTOI 'EQELEIN DIALEGESQAI TOIOUTOI$ 'ENANTION POLLWN
'ANQRWPWN 'ORQW$ MOI 'EDOKEI MEMFESQAI.
SW _ 'W* KRITWN, QAUMASIOI 'EISIN "OI TOIOUTOI 'ANDRE$.
'ATAR 'OUPW 'OIDA "OTI2 MELLW0 'EREIN. POTERWN 'H*N "O PROSELQWN
SOI4 KAI MEMFOMENO$ THN FILOSOFIAN: POTERON TWN 'AGWNISASQAI
DEINWN 'EN TOI$ DIKASTHRIOI$, "RHTWR TI$, 'H= TWN TOU$
TOIOUTOU$ 'EISPEMPONTWN0, POIHTH$ TWN LOGWN "OI$ "OI "RHTORE$
'AGWNIZONTAI:
<P 305C>
KR _ "HKISTA NH TON DI=A "RHTWR, 'OUDE 'OIMAI PWPOT' 'AUTON
'EPI DIKASTHRION 'ANABEBHKENAI; 'ALL' 'EPAIEIN 'AUTON FASI0
PERI= TOU* PRAGMATO$ NH TON DI=A KAI DEINON 'EINAI KAI DEINOU$
LOGOU$ SUNTIQENAI.
SW _ 'HDH MANQANW0; PERI= TOUTWN KAI 'AUTO$ NUNDH 'EMELLON
LEGEIN. "OUTOI GAR 'EISIN MEN, 'W* KRITWN, "OU$ 'EFH PRODIKO$
MEQORIA FILOSOFOU TE 'ANDRO$ KAI POLITIKOU, 'OIONTAI
D' 'EINAI PANTWN SOFWTATOI 'ANQRWPWN, PRO$ DE TW*I 'EINAI
KAI DOKEIN PANU PARA POLLOI$, "WSTE PARA PASIN 'EUDOKIMEIN
<P 305D>
'EMPODWN SFISIN 'EINAI 'OUDENA$ 'ALLOU$ 'H= TOU$ PERI= FILOSOFIAN
'ANQRWPOU$. "HGOUNTAI 'OUN, 'EA=N TOUTOU$ 'EI$ DOXAN
KATASTHSWSIN MHDENO$ DOKEIN 'AXIOU$ 'EINAI, 'ANAMFISBHTHTW$
'HDH PARA PASIN TA NIKHTHRIA 'EI$ DOXAN 'OISESQAI SOFIA$
PE=RI. 'EINAI MEN-GAR THI 'ALHQEIA\ SFA$ SOFWTATOU$, 'EN DE
TOI$ 'IDIOI$ LOGOI$ "OTAN 'APOLHFQWSIN, "UPO TWN 'AMFI 'EUQUDHMON
KOLOUESQAI. SOFOI DE "HGOUNTAI 'EINAI PANU % 'EIKOTW$;
METRIW$ MEN-GAR FILOSOFIA$ 'ECEIN, METRIW$ DE POLITIKWN,
<P 305E>
PANU 'EX 'EIKOTO$ LOGOU % METECEIN GAR 'AMFOTERWN "OSON 'EDEI,
'EKTO$ DE 'ONTE$ KINDUNWN KAI 'AGWNWN KARPOUSQAI THN SOFIAN.
KR _ TI= 'OUN: DOKOUSI0 SOI4 TI, 'W* SWKRATE$, LEGEIN: 'OU-GAR-TOI-'ALLA=
"O GE LOGO$ 'ECEI0 TINA 'EUPREPEIAN TWN 'ANDRWN.
SW _ KAI-GAR 'ECEI0 'ONTW$, 'W* KRITWN, 'EUPREPEIAN MALLON


<P 306A>
'H= 'ALHQEIAN. 'OU-GAR "RA\DION 'AUTOU$ PEISAI0 "OTI4 KAI 'ANQRWPOI
KAI 'TALLA PANTA "OSA METAXU TINOIN DUOIN 'ESTIN KAI 'AMFOTEROIN
TUGCANEI0 METECONTA, "OSA MEN 'EK KAKOU KAI 'AGAQOU,
TOU* MEN BELTIW, TOU* DE CEIRW GIGNETAI; "OSA DE 'EK DUOIN
'AGAQOIN MH PRO$ 'TAUTON, 'AMFOIN CEIRW PRO$ "O= 'AN4 "EKATERON
'HI CRHSTON 'EKEINWN 'EX "WN SUNETEQH; "OSA D' 'EK DUOIN KAKOIN
SUNTEQENTA MH PRO$ TO 'AUTO 'ONTOIN 'EN TW*I MESWI 'ESTIN, TAUTA
<P 306B>
MONA BELTIW "EKATEROU 'EKEINWN 'ESTIN, "WN 'AMFOTERWN MERO$
METECOUSIN0. 'EI MEN-'OUN "H FILOSOFIA 'AGAQON 'ESTIN KAI "H
POLITIKH PRAXI$, PRO$ 'ALLO DE "EKATE=RA, "OUTOI D' 'AMFOTERWN
METECONTE$ TOUTWN 'EN MESWI 'EISIN, 'OUDEN LEGOUSIN0 % 'AMFOTERWN
GAR 'EISI FAULOTEROI % 'EI DE 'AGAQON KAI KAKON, TWN
MEN BELTIOU$, TWN DE CEIROU$; 'EI DE KAKA 'AMFO=TERA, "OUTW$
'AN4 TI LEGOIEN 'ALHQE$, 'ALLW$ D' 'OUDAMW$. 'OUK 'AN4 'OUN 'OIMAI
<P 306C>
'AUTOU$ "OMOLOGHSAI0 'OUTE KAKW 'AUTW 'AMFOTERW 'EINAI 'OUTE
TO MEN KAKON, TO DE 'AGAQON; 'ALLA= TW*I-'ONTI "OUTOI 'AMFOTERWN
METECONTE$ 'AMFOTERWN "HTTOU$ 'EISIN PRO$ "EKATERON
PRO$ "O= "H TE POLITIKH KAI "H FILOSOFIA 'AXIW LOGOU 'ESTON0,
KAI TRITOI 'ONTE$ THI 'ALHQEIA\ ZHTOUSI0 PRWTOI DOKEIN 'EINAI.
SUGGIGNWSKEIN MEN-'OUN 'AUTOI$ CRH TH$ 'EPIQUMIA$ KAI MH
CALEPAINEIN, "HGEISQAI MENTOI TOIOUTOU$ 'EINAI "OIOI 'EISIN;
PANTA GAR 'ANDRA CRH 'AGAPAN "OSTI$ KAI "OTIOUN LEGEI0 'ECOMENON
<P 306D>
FRONHSEW$ PRAGMA KAI 'ANDREIW$ 'EPEXIWN DIAPONEITAI.
KR _ KAI-MHN, 'W* SWKRATE$, KAI 'AUTO$ PERI= TWN "UEWN,
"WSPER 'AEI PRO$ SE LEGW0, 'EN 'APORIA\ 'EIMI TI= DEI 'AUTOI$
CRHSASQAI. "O MEN-'OUN NEWTERO$ 'ETI KAI SMIKRO$ 'ESTIN,
KRITOBOULO$ D' 'HDH "HLIKIAN 'ECEI0 KAI DEITAI TINO$ "OSTI$
'AUTON 'ONHSEI2. 'EGW MEN-'OUN "OTAN SOI4 SUGGENWMAI, "OUTW
DIATIQEMAI "WST' 'EMOI4 DOKEI0 MANIAN 'EINAI TO "ENEKA TWN PAIDWN
'ALLWN MEN POLLWN SPOUDHN TOIAUTHN 'ESCHKENAI, KAI PERI=
<P 306E>
TOU* GAMOU "OPW$ 'EK GENNAIOTATH$ 'ESONTAI MHTRO$, KAI
PERI= TWN CRHMATWN "OPW$ "W$ PLOUSIWTATOI, 'AUTWN DE PERI=
PAIDEIA$ 'AMELHSAI0; "OTAN DE 'EI$ TINA 'APOBLEYW4 TWN FASKONTWN0
'AN4 PAIDEUSAI0 'ANQRWPOU$, 'EKPEPLHGMAI KAI MOI
DOKEI0 "EI$ "EKASTO$ 'AUTWN SKOPOUNTI PANU 'ALLOKOTO$ 'EINAI,


<P 307A>
"W$ GE PRO$ SE 'TALHQH 'EIRHSQAI; "WSTE 'OUK 'ECW0 "OPW$
PROTREPW3 TO MEIRAKION 'EPI FILOSOFIAN.
SW _ 'W* FILE KRITWN, 'OUK 'OISQA "OTI4 'EN PANTI 'EPITHDEUMATI
"OI MEN FAULOI POLLOI KAI 'OUDENO$ 'AXIOI, "OI DE SPOUDAIOI
'OLIGOI KAI PANTO$ 'AXIOI: 'EPEI GUMNASTIKH 'OU KALON DOKEI0
SOI4 'EINAI, KAI CRHMATISTIKH KAI "RHTORIKH KAI STRATHGIA:
KR _ 'EMOIGE PANTW$ DHPOU.
SW _ TI= 'OUN: 'EN "EKASTHI TOUTWN TOU$ POLLOU$ PRO$
<P 307B>
"EKASTON TO 'ERGON 'OU KATAGELASTOU$ "ORA*I$0:
KR _ NAI MA TON DI=A, KAI MALA 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW _ 'H*-'OUN TOUTOU "ENEKA 'AUTO$ TE FEUXHI2 PANTA TA
'EPITHDEUMATA KAI TW*I "UEI 'OUK 'EPITREYEI$:
KR _ 'OU=KOUN DIKAION GE, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ MH-TOINUN "O= GE 'OU CRH POIEI5, 'W* KRITWN, 'ALL' 'EASA$
CAIREIN TOU$ 'EPITHDEUONTA$ FILOSOFIAN, 'EITE CRHSTOI 'EISIN
'EITE PONHROI, 'AUTO TO PRAGMA BASANISA$ KALW$ TE-KAI 'EU,
<P 307C>
'EA=N MEN SOI4 FAINHTAI FAULON 'ON, PANT' 'ANDRA 'APOTREPE,
MH MONON TOU$ "UEI$; 'EA=N DE FAINHTAI "OION 'OIMAI 'AUTO 'EGW
'EINAI, QARRWN DIWKE KAI 'ASKEI5, TO LEGOMENON DH TOUTO, 'AUTO$
TE-KAI TA PAIDIA.


<B GORG>


<P 447A>
KAL _ POLEMOU KAI MACH$ FASI0 CRHNAI0, 'W* SWKRATE$,
"OUTW METALAGCANEIN.
SW _ 'ALL'-'H*, TO LEGOMENON, KATOPIN "EORTH$ "HKOMEN KAI
"USTEROUMEN:
KAL _ KAI MALA GE 'ASTEIA$ "EORTH$; POLLA GAR-KAI KALA
GORGIA$ "HMIN 'OLIGON PROTERON 'EPEDEIXATO.
SW _ TOUTWN MENTOI, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, 'AITIO$ CAIREFWN "ODE,
'EN 'AGORA*I 'ANAGKASA$ "HMA$ DIATRIYAI0.
<P 447B>
CAI _ 'OUDEN PRAGMA, 'W* SWKRATE$; 'EGW GAR-KAI 'IASOMAI.
FILO$ GAR MOI GORGIA$, "WST' 'EPIDEIXETAI "HMIN, 'EI MEN DOKEI0,
NU*N, 'EA=N DE BOULHI3, 'EI$ 'AUQI$.
KAL _ TI= DE, 'W* CAIREFWN: 'EPIQUMEI0 SWKRATH$ 'AKOUSAI0
GORGIOU:
CAI _ 'EP' 'AUTO GE-TOI TOUTO PARESMEN.
KAL _ 'OUKOU*N "OTAN BOULHSQE PAR' 'EME "HKEIN 'OIKADE; PAR'
'EMOI4 GAR GORGIA$ KATALUEI0 KAI 'EPIDEIXETAI "UMIN.
SW _ 'EU LEGEI$, 'W* KALLIKLEI$. 'ALL'-'A*RA 'EQELHSEIEN 'AN4
<P 447C>
"HMIN DIALECQHNAI: BOULOMAI GAR PUQESQAI PAR' 'AUTOU4 TI=$ "H
DUNAMI$ TH$ TECNH$ TOU* 'ANDRO$, KAI TI= 'ESTIN "O= 'EPAGGELLETAI
TE-KAI DIDASKEI0; THN DE 'ALLHN 'EPIDEIXIN 'EI$ 'AUQI$, "WSPER SU
LEGEI$, POIHSASQW.
KAL _ 'OUDEN "OION TO 'AUTON 'ERWTAN, 'W* SWKRATE$. KAI-GAR
'AUTWI "EN TOUT' 'H*N TH$ 'EPIDEIXEW$; 'EKELEUE GOUN NUNDH 'ERWTAN
"OTI2 TI$ BOULOITO TWN 'ENDON 'ONTWN0, KAI PRO$ "APANTA 'EFH
'APOKRINEISQAI.
SW _ 'H* KALW$ LEGEI$. 'W* CAIREFWN, 'EROU 'AUTON.
CAI _ TI= 'ERWMAI:
<P 447D>
SW _ "OSTI$ 'ESTIN.
CAI _ PW*$ LEGEI$:
SW _ "WSPER 'AN4 'EI 'ETUGCANEN 'WN "UPODHMATWN DHMIOURGO$,
'APEKRINATO 'AN4 DHPOU SOI4 "OTI4 SKUTOTOMO$; 'H= 'OU MANQANEI$ "W$
LEGW0:
CAI _ MANQANW0 KAI 'ERHSOMAI. 'EIPE= MOI, 'W* GORGIA,
'ALHQH LEGEI0 KALLIKLH$ "ODE "OTI4 'EPAGGELLHI0 'APOKRINESQAI "OTI2
'AN4 TI$ SE 'ERWTA*I2:


<P 448A>
GOR _ 'ALHQH, 'W* CAIREFWN; KAI-GAR NUNDH 'AUTA TAUTA
'EPHGGELLOMHN, KAI LEGW0 "OTI4 'OUDEI$ ME PW 'HRWTHKE0 KAINON
'OUDEN POLLWN 'ETWN.
CAI _ 'H*-POU-'A=RA "RA\DIW$ 'APOKRINHI2, 'W* GORGIA.
GOR _ PARESTI TOUTOU PEI*RAN, 'W* CAIREFWN, LABEIN.
PWL _ NH DI=' 'AN2 DE-GE BOULHI3, 'W* CAIREFWN, 'EMOU4.
GORGIA$ MEN-GAR-KAI 'APEIRHKENAI MOI DOKEI0; POLLA GAR 'ARTI
DIEXELHLUQEN0.
CAI _ TI= DE, 'W* PWLE: 'OIEI SU KALLION 'AN4 GORGIOU
'APOKRINASQAI:
<P 448B>
PWL _ TI= DE TOUTO, 'EA=N SOI4 GE "IKANW$:
CAI _ 'OUDEN; 'ALL' 'EPEIDH SU BOULEI, 'APOKRINOU.
PWL _ 'ERWTA.
CAI _ 'ERWTW0 DH. 'EI 'ETUGCANE GORGIA$ 'EPISTHMWN 'WN
TH$ TECNH$ "HSPER "O 'ADELFO$ 'AUTOU4 "HRODIKO$, TI=NA 'AN4 'AUTON
'WNOMAZOMEN DIKAIW$: 'OUC "OPER 'EKEINON:
PWL _ PANU GE.
CAI _ 'IATRON 'A=RA FASKONTE$ 'AUTON 'EINAI KALW$ 'AN4
'ELEGOMEN.
PWL _ NAI.
CAI _ 'EI DE-GE "HSPER 'ARISTOFWN "O 'AGLAOFWNTO$ 'H= "O
'ADELFO$ 'AUTOU4 'EMPEIRO$ 'H*N TECNH$, TI=NA 'AN4 'AUTON 'ORQW$
'EKALOUMEN:
<P 448C>
PWL _ DHLON "OTI4 ZWGRAFON.
CAI _ NU*N D' 'EPEIDH TI=NO$ TECNH$ 'EPISTHMWN 'ESTIN, TI=NA
'AN4 KALOUNTE$0 'AUTON 'ORQW$ KALOIMEN0:
PWL _ 'W* CAIREFWN, POLLAI TECNAI 'EN 'ANQRWPOI$ 'EISIN
'EK TWN 'EMPEIRIWN 'EMPEIRW$ "HURHMENAI; 'EMPEIRIA MEN-GAR
POIEI0 TON 'AIWNA "HMWN POREUESQAI KATA TECNHN, 'APEIRIA DE
KATA TUCHN. "EKASTWN DE TOUTWN METALAMBANOUSIN0 'ALLOI
'ALLWN 'ALLW$, TWN DE 'ARISTWN "OI 'ARISTOI; "WN KAI GORGIA$
'ESTIN "ODE, KAI METECEI0 TH$ KALLISTH$ TWN TECNWN.
<P 448D>
SW _ KALW$ GE, 'W* GORGIA, FAINETAI PWLO$ PARESKEUASQAI
'EI$ LOGOU$; 'ALLA=-GAR "O= "UPESCETO CAIREFWNTI 'OU
POIEI0.
GOR _ TI= MALISTA, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW _ TO 'ERWTWMENON 'OU PANU MOI FAINETAI 'APOKRINESQAI.
GOR _ 'ALLA= SU, 'EI BOULEI, 'EROU 'AUTON.
SW _ 'OU=K, 'EI 'AUTWI GE SOI4 BOULOMENWI 'ESTIN 'APOKRINESQAI,
'ALLA= POLU 'AN4 "HDION SE. DHLO$ GAR MOI PWLO$ KAI 'EX "WN
'EIRHKEN0 "OTI4 THN KALOUMENHN0 "RHTORIKHN MALLON MEMELETHKEN0
'H= DIALEGESQAI.
<P 448E>
PWL _ TI= DH, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW _ "OTI4, 'W* PWLE, 'EROMENOU CAIREFWNTO$ TI=NO$ GORGIA$
'EPISTHMWN TECNH$, 'EGKWMIAZEI$ MEN 'AUTOU4 THN TECNHN "WSPER
TINO$ YEGONTO$, "HTI$ DE 'ESTIN 'OUK 'APEKRINW.
PWL _ 'OU-GAR 'APEKRINAMHN "OTI4 'EIH "H KALLISTH:
SW _ KAI MALA. 'ALL' 'OUDEI$ 'HRWTA POI=A TI$ 'EIH "H GORGIOU
TECNH, 'ALLA= TI=$, KAI "ONTINA DEOI KALEIN0 TON GORGIAN; "WSPER
TA 'EMPROSQEN SOI4 "UPETEINATO CAIREFWN KAI 'AUTWI KALW$


<P 449A>
KAI DIA= BRACEWN 'APEKRINW, KAI NU*N "OUTW$ 'EIPE= TI=$ "H TECNH
KAI TI=NA GORGIAN KALEIN0 CRH "HMA$. MALLON DE, 'W* GORGIA,
'AUTO$ "HMIN 'EIPE= TI=NA SE CRH KALEIN0 "W$ TI=NO$ 'EPISTHMONA
TECNH$.
GOR _ TH$ "RHTORIKH$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ "RHTORA 'A=RA CRH SE KALEIN0:
GOR _ 'AGAQON GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EI DH "O= GE 'EUCOMAI9 'EINAI9,
"W$ 'EFH "OMHRO$, BOULEI ME KALEIN0.
SW _ 'ALLA= BOULOMAI.
GOR _ KALEI5 DH.
<P 449B>
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'ALLOU$ SE FWMEN DUNATON 'EINAI POIEIN:
GOR _ 'EPAGGELLOMAI GE-DH TAUTA 'OU MONON 'ENQADE 'ALLA=-KAI
'ALLOQI.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN 'EQELHSAI$ 'AN4, 'W* GORGIA, "WSPER NU*N DIALEGOMEQA,
DIATELESAI0 TO MEN 'ERWTWN, TO D' 'APOKRINOMENO$,
TO DE MHKO$ TWN LOGWN TOUTO, "OION KAI PWLO$ 'HRXATO,
'EI$ 'AUQI$ 'APOQESQAI: 'ALL' "OPER "UPISCNHI0, MH YEUSHI4, 'ALLA=
'EQELHSON2 KATA BRACU TO 'ERWTWMENON 'APOKRINESQAI.
GOR _ 'EISI MEN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ENIAI TWN 'APOKRISEWN
'ANAGKAIAI DIA= MAKRWN TOU$ LOGOU$ POIEISQAI; 'OU-MHN-'ALLA=
<P 449C>
PEIRASOMAI GE "W$ DIA= BRACUTATWN. KAI-GAR 'AU KAI TOUTO
"EN 'ESTIN "WN FHMI, MHDENA 'AN4 'EN BRACUTEROI$ 'EMOU4 TA 'AUTA
'EIPEIN.
SW _ TOUTOU MHN DEI0, 'W* GORGIA; KAI MOI 'EPIDEIXIN 'AUTOU
TOUTOU POIHSAI2, TH$ BRACULOGIA$, MAKROLOGIA$ DE 'EI$
'AUQI$.
GOR _ 'ALLA= POIHSW2, KAI 'OUDENO$ FHSEI$ BRACULOGWTEROU
'AKOUSAI0.
SW _ FERE DH; "RHTORIKH$ GAR FH=I$ 'EPISTHMWN TECNH$
<P 449D>
'EINAI KAI POIHSAI0 'AN4 KAI 'ALLON "RHTORA; "H "RHTORIKH PERI= TI=
TWN 'ONTWN0 TUGCANEI0 'OUSA: "WSPER "H "UFANTIKH PERI= THN TWN
"IMATIWN 'ERGASIAN; 'H*-GAR: GOR _ NAI. SW _ 'OUKOU*N KAI
"H MOUSIKH PERI= THN TWN MELWN POIHSIN: GOR _ NAI.
SW _ NH THN "HRAN, 'W* GORGIA, 'AGAMAI GE TA$ 'APOKRISEI$,
"OTI4 'APOKRINHI0 "W$ "OION-TE DIA= BRACUTATWN.
GOR _ PANU GAR 'OIMAI, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EPIEIKW$ TOUTO POIEIN.
SW _ 'EU LEGEI$. 'IQI DH MOI 'APOKRINAI2 "OUTW$ KAI PERI=
TH$ "RHTORIKH$, PERI= TI= TWN 'ONTWN0 'ESTIN 'EPISTHMH:
<P 449E>
GOR _ PERI= LOGOU$. SW _ POI=OU$ TOUTOU$, 'W* GORGIA: 'A*RA
"OI=4 DHLOUSI0 TOU$ KAMNONTA$, "W$ 'AN4 DIAITWMENOI "UGIAINOIEN:
GOR _ 'OU=. SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA PERI= PANTA$ GE TOU$ LOGOU$ "H
"RHTORIKH 'ESTIN. GOR _ 'OU-DHTA. SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN LEGEIN
GE POIEI0 DUNATOU$. GOR _ NAI. SW _ 'OUKOU*N PERI= "WNPER
LEGEIN, KAI FRONEIN: GOR _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=: SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN


<P 450A>
"H NUNDH LEGOMENH 'IATRIKH PERI= TWN KAMNONTWN0 POIEI0
DUNATOU$ 'EINAI FRONEIN KAI LEGEIN: GOR _ 'ANAGKH.
SW _ KAI "H 'IATRIKH 'A=RA, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, PERI= LOGOU$ 'ESTIN.
GOR _ NAI. SW _ TOU$ GE PERI= TA NOSHMATA: GOR _ MALISTA.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI "H GUMNASTIKH PERI= LOGOU$ 'ESTIN
TOU$ PERI= 'EUEXIAN TE TWN SWMATWN KAI KACEXIAN: GOR _ PANU
GE. SW _ KAI-MHN-KAI "AI 'ALLAI TECNAI, 'W* GORGIA, "OUTW$
<P 450B>
'ECOUSIN0; "EKASTH 'AUTWN PERI= LOGOU$ 'ESTIN TOUTOU$, "OI=4 TUGCANOUSIN0
'ONTE$ PERI= TO PRAGMA "OU2 "EKASTH 'ESTIN "H TECNH.
GOR _ FAINETAI. SW _ TI= 'OUN-DH POTE TA$ 'ALLA$ TECNA$
'OU "RHTORIKA$ KALEI$0, 'OUSA$ PERI= LOGOU$, 'EIPER TAUTHN
"RHTORIKHN KALEI$0, "H=4 'AN4 'HI PERI= LOGOU$:
GOR _ "OTI4, 'W* SWKRATE$, TWN MEN 'ALLWN TECNWN PERI=
CEIROURGIA$ TE-KAI TOIAUTA$ PRAXEI$ "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN PASA
'ESTIN "H 'EPISTHMH, TH$ DE "RHTORIKH$ 'OUDEN 'ESTIN TOIOUTON
CEIROURGHMA, 'ALLA= PASA "H PRAXI$ KAI "H KURWSI$ DIA= LOGWN
<P 450C>
'ESTIN. DIA= TAUT' 'EGW THN "RHTORIKHN TECNHN 'AXIW0 'EINAI PERI=
LOGOU$, 'ORQW$ LEGWN, "W$ 'EGW FHMI.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN MANQANW0 "OIAN 'AUTHN BOULEI KALEIN0: TACA
DE 'EISOMAI SAFESTERON. 'ALL' 'APOKRINAI2; 'EISIN "HMIN TECNAI.
'H*-GAR:
GOR _ NAI.
SW _ PASWN DH 'OIMAI TWN TECNWN TWN MEN 'ERGASIA TO
POLU 'ESTIN KAI LOGOU BRACEO$ DEONTAI, 'ENIAI DE 'OUDENO$,
'ALLA= TO TH$ TECNH$ PERAINOITO 'AN4 KAI DIA= SIGH$, "OION
GRAFIKH KAI 'ANDRIANTOPOIIA KAI 'ALLAI POLLAI. TA$ TOIAUTA$
<P 450D>
MOI DOKEI$ LEGEIN, PERI= "A$ 'OU FH=I$ THN "RHTORIKHN 'EINAI;
'H= 'OU=:
GOR _ PANU MEN-'OUN KALW$ "UPOLAMBANEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ "ETERAI DE-GE 'EISI TWN TECNWN "AI=4 DIA= LOGOU PAN
PERAINOUSI0, KAI 'ERGOU "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN 'H= 'OUDENO$ PROSDEONTAI
'H= BRACEO$ PANU, "OION "H 'ARIQMHTIKH KAI LOGISTIKH KAI GEWMETRIKH
KAI PETTEUTIKH GE-KAI 'ALLAI POLLAI TECNAI, "WN
'ENIAI SCEDON TI 'ISOU$ TOU$ LOGOU$ 'ECOUSI0 TAI$ PRAXESIN, "AI
DE POLLAI PLEIOU$, KAI TO PARAPAN PASA "H PRAXI$ KAI TO
<P 450E>
KURO$ 'AUTAI$ DIA= LOGWN 'ESTIN. TWN TOIOUTWN TINA MOI
DOKEI$ LEGEIN THN "RHTORIKHN.
GOR _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW _ 'ALL' 'OU TI TOUTWN GE 'OUDEMIAN 'OIMAI SE BOULESQAI
"RHTORIKHN KALEIN0, 'OUC-"OTI4 TW*I "RHMATI "OUTW$ 'EIPE$, "OTI4 "H DIA=
LOGOU TO KURO$ 'ECOUSA "RHTORIKH 'ESTIN, KAI "UPOLABOI 'AN4 TI$,
'EI BOULOITO DUSCERAINEIN 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$, THN 'ARIQMHTIKHN
'A=RA "RHTORIKHN, 'W* GORGIA, LEGEI$: 'ALL' 'OUK 'OIMAI SE 'OUTE
THN 'ARIQMHTIKHN 'OUTE THN GEWMETRIAN "RHTORIKHN LEGEIN.


<P 451A>
GOR _ 'ORQW$ GAR 'OIEI, 'W* SWKRATE$, KAI DIKAIW$
"UPOLAMBANEI$.
SW _ 'IQI NUN KAI SU THN 'APOKRISIN "HI 'HROMHN DIAPERANON2.
'EPEI GAR "RHTORIKH TUGCANEI0 MEN 'OUSA TOUTWN TI$ TWN TECNWN
TWN TO POLU LOGWI CRWMENWN, TUGCANOUSIN0 DE-KAI 'ALLAI
TOIAUTAI 'OUSAI, PEIRW5 'EIPEIN "H PERI= TI= 'EN LOGOI$ TO KURO$
'ECOUSA "RHTORIKH 'ESTIN. "WSPER 'AN4 'EI TI$ ME 'EROITO "WN NUNDH
'ELEGON PERI= "HSTINOSOUN TWN TECNWN; 'W* SWKRATE$, TI=$
<P 451B>
'ESTIN "H 'ARIQMHTIKH TECNH: 'EIPOIM' 'AN4 'AUTWI, "WSPER SU 'ARTI,
"OTI4 TWN DIA= LOGOU TI$ TO KURO$ 'ECOUSWN. KAI 'EI ME 'EPANEROITO;
TWN PERI= TI=: 'EIPOIM' 'AN4 "OTI4 TWN PERI= TO 'ARTION TE-KAI
PERITTON GNWSI$8, "OSA 'AN4 "EKA=TERA TUGCANHI5 'ONTA. 'EI D'
'AU 'EROITO; THN DE LOGISTIKHN TI=NA KALEI$0 TECNHN: 'EIPOIM'
'AN4 "OTI4 KAI "AU=TH 'ESTIN TWN LOGWI TO PAN KUROUMENWN; KAI 'EI
'EPANEROITO; "H PERI= TI=: 'EIPOIM' 'AN4 "WSPER "OI 'EN TW*I DHMWI
<P 451C>
SUGGRAFOMENOI, "OTI4 TA MEN 'A=LLA KAQAPER "H 'ARIQMHTIKH "H
LOGISTIKH 'ECEI0 % PERI= TO 'AUTO GAR 'ESTIN, TO TE 'ARTION KAI
TO PERITTON % DIAFEREI0 DE TOSOUTON, "OTI4 KAI PRO$ "AUTA KAI
PRO$ 'ALLHLA PW*$ 'ECEI0 PLHQOU$ 'EPISKOPEI0 TO PERITTON KAI
TO 'ARTION "H LOGISTIKH. KAI 'EI TI$ THN 'ASTRONOMIAN 'ANEROITO,
'EMOU4 LEGONTO$ "OTI4 KAI "AU=TH LOGWI KUROUTAI TA PANTA,
"OI DE LOGOI "OI TH$ 'ASTRONOMIA$, 'EI FAIH, PERI= TI= 'EISIN,
'W* SWKRATE$: 'EIPOIM' 'AN4 "OTI4 PERI= THN TWN 'ASTRWN FORAN
KAI "HLIOU KAI SELHNH$, PW*$ PRO$ 'ALLHLA TACOU$ 'ECEI0.
GOR _ 'ORQW$ GE LEGWN SU, 'W* SWKRATE$.
<P 451D>
SW _ 'IQI DH-KAI SU, 'W* GORGIA. TUGCANEI0 MEN-GAR-DH "H
"RHTORIKH 'OUSA TWN LOGWI TA PANTA DIAPRATTOMENWN TE-KAI
KUROUMENWN TINWN8; 'H*-GAR:
GOR _ 'ESTI TAUTA.
SW _ LEGE DH TWN PERI= TI=: TI=7 'ESTI TOUTO TWN 'ONTWN0,
PERI= "O= "OUTOI "OI LOGOI 'EISIN "OI$ "H "RHTORIKH CRHTAI0:
GOR _ TA MEGISTA TWN 'ANQRWPEIWN PRAGMATWN, 'W* SWKRATE$,
KAI 'ARISTA.
SW _ 'ALL', 'W* GORGIA, 'AMFISBHTHSIMON KAI TOUTO LEGEI$
<P 451E>
KAI 'OUDEN PW SAFE$. 'OIOMAI GAR SE 'AKHKOENAI 'EN TOI$
SUMPOSIOI$ 'A\DONTWN0 'ANQRWPWN TOUTO TO SKOLION, 'EN "WI KATARIQMOUNTAI
'A\DONTE$ "OTI4 "UGIAINEIN9 MEN9 'ARISTON9 'ESTIN,
TO DE DEUTERON9 KALON9 GENESQAI9, TRITON9 DE9, "W$ FHSIN
"O POIHTH$ TOU* SKOLIOU, TO PLOUTEIN9 'ADOLW$9.
GOR _ 'AKHKOA GAR; 'ALLA= PRO$ TI= TOUTO LEGEI$:


<P 452A>
SW _ "OTI4 'EI SOI4 'AUTIKA PARASTAIEN "OI DHMIOURGOI TOUTWN
"WN 'EPHINESEN "O TO SKOLION POIHSA$, 'IATRO$ TE-KAI
PAIDOTRIBH$ KAI CRHMATISTH$ KAI 'EIPOI PRWTON MEN "O 'IATRO$
"OTI4 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EXAPATA*I0 SE GORGIA$; 'OU-GAR 'ESTIN "H
TOUTOU TECNH PERI= TO MEGISTON 'AGAQON TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$, 'ALL'
"H 'EMH % 'EI 'OUN 'AUTON 'EGW 'EROIMHN; SU DE TI=$ 'WN TAUTA
LEGEI$: 'EIPOI 'AN4 'ISW$ "OTI4 'IATRO$. TI= 'OUN LEGEI$: 'H* TO TH$
SH$ TECNH$ 'ERGON MEGISTON 'ESTIN 'AGAQON: PW*$ GAR 'OU=,
FAIH 'AN4 'ISW$, 'W* SWKRATE$, "H$7 G'7 "UGIEIA: TI= D' 'ESTIN MEIZON 'AGAQON
<P 452B>
'ANQRWPOI$ "UGIEIA$: 'EI D' 'AU META TOUTON "O PAIDOTRIBH$ 'EIPOI
"OTI4 QAUMAZOIMI 'TAN4, 'W* SWKRATE$, KAI 'AUTO$ 'EI SOI4 'ECEI0
GORGIA$ MEIZON 'AGAQON 'EPIDEIXAI0 TH$ "AUTOU TECNH$ 'H= 'EGW
TH$ 'EMH$; 'EPOIM' 'AN4 'AU KAI PRO$ TOUTON; SU DE-DH TI=$ 'EI*,
'W* 'ANQRWPE, KAI TI= TO SON 'ERGON: PAIDOTRIBH$, FAIH 'AN4,
TO DE 'ERGON MOU 'ESTIN KALOU$ TE-KAI 'ISCUROU$ POIEIN TOU$
'ANQRWPOU$ TA SWMATA. META DE TON PAIDOTRIBHN 'EIPOI
'AN4 "O CRHMATISTH$, "W$ 'EGWIMAI PANU KATAFRONWN "APANTWN;
<P 452C>
SKOPEI5 DHTA, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EA=N SOI4 PLOUTOU FANHI TI MEIZON
'AGAQON 'ON 'H= PARA GORGIA\ 'H= PAR' 'ALLWI "OTWIOUN. FAIMEN 'AN4
'OUN PRO$ 'AUTON; TI= DE-DH: 'H* SU TOUTOU DHMIOURGO$: FAIH
'AN4. TI=$ 'WN: CRHMATISTH$. TI= 'OUN: KRINEI$0 SU MEGISTON
'ANQRWPOI$ 'AGAQON 'EINAI PLOUTON: FHSOMEN. PW*$ GAR 'OU=K:
'EREI2. KAI-MHN 'AMFISBHTEI0 GE GORGIA$ "ODE THN PAR' "AUTWI
TECNHN MEIZONO$ 'AGAQOU 'AITIAN 'EINAI 'H= THN SHN, FAIMEN 'AN4
"HMEI$. DHLON 'OUN "OTI4 TO META TOUTO 'EROIT' 'AN4; KAI TI= 'ESTIN
<P 452D>
TOUTO TO 'AGAQON: 'APOKRINASQW GORGIA$. 'IQI 'OUN NOMISA$,
'W* GORGIA, 'ERWTASQAI KAI "UP' 'EKEINWN KAI "UP' 'EMOU4, 'APOKRINAI2
TI= 'ESTIN TOUTO "O= FH=I$ SU MEGISTON 'AGAQON 'EINAI TOI$
'ANQRWPOI$ KAI SE DHMIOURGON 'EINAI 'AUTOU4.
GOR _ "OPER 'ESTIN, 'W* SWKRATE$, THI 'ALHQEIA\ MEGISTON
'AGAQON KAI 'AITION "AMA MEN 'ELEUQERIA$ 'AUTOI$ TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$,
"AMA DE TOU* 'ALLWN 'ARCEIN 'EN THI "AUTOU POLEI
"EKASTWI.
SW _ TI= 'OUN-DH TOUTO LEGEI$:
<P 452E>
GOR _ TO PEIQEIN 'EGWG' "OION-T'-'EINAI TOI$ LOGOI$ KAI
'EN DIKASTHRIWI DIKASTA$ KAI 'EN BOULEUTHRIWI BOULEUTA$ KAI
'EN 'EKKLHSIA\ 'EKKLHSIASTA$ KAI 'EN 'ALLWI SULLOGWI PANTI,
"OSTI$ 'AN4 POLITIKO$ SULLOGO$ GIGNHTAI. KAITOI 'EN TAUTHI
THI DUNAMEI DOULON MEN "EXEI$ TON 'IATRON, DOULON DE TON
PAIDOTRIBHN; "O DE CRHMATISTH$ "OUTO$ 'ALLWI 'ANAFANHSETAI
CRHMATIZOMENO$ KAI 'OUC "AUTWI, 'ALLA= SOI4 TW*I DUNAMENWI LEGEIN
KAI PEIQEIN TA PLHQH.
SW _ NU*N MOI DOKEI$ DHLWSAI0, 'W* GORGIA, 'EGGUTATA THN


<P 453A>
"RHTORIKHN "HNTINA TECNHN "HGHI0 'EINAI, KAI 'EI TI 'EGW SUNIHMI,
LEGEI$ "OTI4 PEIQOU$ DHMIOURGO$ 'ESTIN "H "RHTORIKH, KAI "H PRAGMATEIA
'AUTH$ "APASA KAI TO KEFALAION 'EI$ TOUTO TELEUTA*I0;
'H= 'ECEI$ TI LEGEIN 'EPI PLEON THN "RHTORIKHN DUNASQAI 'H= PEIQW=
TOI$ 'AKOUOUSIN4 'EN THI YUCHI POIEIN:
GOR _ 'OUDAMW$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALLA= MOI DOKEI$ "IKANW$
"ORIZESQAI; 'ESTIN GAR TOUTO TO KEFALAION 'AUTH$.
SW _ 'AKOUSON2 DH, 'W* GORGIA. 'EGW GAR 'EU 'ISQ' "OTI4, "W$
<P 453B>
'EMAUTON PEIQW0, 'EIPER TI$ 'ALLO$ 'ALLWI DIALEGETAI BOULOMENO$
'EIDENAI 'AUTO TOUTO PERI= "OTOU "O LOGO$ 'ESTIN, KAI 'EME
'EINAI TOUTWN "ENA; 'AXIW0 DE-KAI SE.
GOR _ TI= 'OUN-DH, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW _ 'EGW 'ERW2 NU*N. 'EGW THN 'APO TH$ "RHTORIKH$ PEIQW=,
"HTI$ POT' 'ESTIN "HN SU LEGEI$ KAI PERI= "WNTINWN PRAGMATWN
'ESTIN PEIQW=, SAFW$ MEN 'EU 'ISQ' "OTI4 'OUK 'OIDA, 'OU-MHN-'ALL'
"UPOPTEUW0 GE "HN 'OIMAI SE LEGEIN KAI PERI= "WN; 'OUDEN MENTOI
"HTTON 'ERHSOMAI SE TI=NA POTE LEGEI$ THN PEIQW= THN 'APO TH$
<P 453C>
"RHTORIKH$ KAI PERI= TI=NWN 'AUTHN 'EINAI. TOU*2 "ENEKA DH 'AUTO$
"UPOPTEUWN SE 'ERHSOMAI, 'ALL' 'OUK 'AUTO$ LEGW0: 'OU SOU4
"ENEKA 'ALLA= TOU* LOGOU, "INA "OUTW PROIHI5 "W$ MALIST' 'AN4 "HMIN
KATAFANE$ POIOI* PERI= "OTOU LEGETAI. SKOPEI5 GAR 'EI SOI4
DOKW0 DIKAIW$ 'ANERWTAN SE; "WSPER 'AN4 'EI 'ETUGCANON SE
'ERWTWN TI=$ 'ESTIN TWN ZWGRAFWN ZEUXI$, 'EI MOI 'EIPE$ "OTI4
"O TA ZWIA GRAFWN, 'A*R' 'OUK 'AN4 DIKAIW$ SE 'HROMHN "O TA POI*A
TWN ZWIWN GRAFWN KAI POU*:
GOR _ PANU GE.
<P 453D>
SW _ 'A*RA DIA= TOUTO, "OTI4 KAI 'ALLOI 'EISI ZWGRAFOI GRAFONTE$
'A=LLA POLLA ZWIA:
GOR _ NAI.
SW _ 'EI DE-GE MHDEI$ 'ALLO$ 'H= ZEUXI$ 'EGRAFE, KALW$ 'AN4
SOI4 'APEKEKRITO:
GOR _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ 'IQI DH-KAI PERI= TH$ "RHTORIKH$ 'EIPE=; POTERON SOI4
DOKEI0 PEIQW= POIEIN "H "RHTORIKH MONH 'H=-KAI 'ALLAI TECNAI:
LEGW0 DE TO TOIONDE; "OSTI$ DIDASKEI0 "OTIOUN PRAGMA, POTERON
"O= DIDASKEI0 PEIQEI0 'H= 'OU=:
GOR _ 'OU-DHTA, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALLA= PANTWN MALISTA PEIQEI0.
<P 453E>
SW _ PALIN DH 'EPI TWN 'AUTWN TECNWN LEGWMEN "WNPER
NUNDH; "H 'ARIQMHTIKH 'OU DIDASKEI0 "HMA$ "OSA 'ESTIN TA TOU*
'ARIQMOU, KAI "O 'ARIQMHTIKO$ 'ANQRWPO$: GOR _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI PEIQEI0: GOR _ NAI. SW _ PEIQOU$ 'A=RA
DHMIOURGO$ 'ESTIN KAI "H 'ARIQMHTIKH: GOR _ FAINETAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EA=N TI$ 'ERWTA*I2 "HMA$ POI=A$ PEIQOU$ KAI PERI= TI=,
'APOKRINOUMEQA POU 'AUTWI "OTI4 TH$ DIDASKALIKH$ TH$ PERI= TO


<P 454A>
'ARTION TE-KAI TO PERITTON "OSON 'ESTIN; KAI TA$ 'ALLA$ "A$
NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN TECNA$ "APASA$ "EXOMEN 'APODEIXAI0 PEIQOU$
DHMIOURGOU$ 'OUSA$ KAI "HSTINO$ KAI PERI= "OTI2; 'H= 'OU=:
GOR _ NAI. SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA "RHTORIKH MONH PEIQOU$ 'ESTIN
DHMIOURGO$. GOR _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW _ 'EPEIDH TOINUN 'OU MONH 'APERGAZETAI TOUTO TO 'ERGON,
'ALLA=-KAI 'ALLAI, DIKAIW$ "WSPER PERI= TOU* ZWGRAFOU META
TOUTO 'EPANEROIMEQ' 'AN4 TON LEGONTA; POI=A$ DH PEIQOU$ KAI
TH$ PERI= TI= PEIQOU$ "H "RHTORIKH 'ESTIN TECNH: 'H= 'OU DOKEI0 SOI4
<P 454B>
DIKAION 'EINAI 'EPANERESQAI:
GOR _ 'EMOIGE.
SW _ 'APOKRINAI2 DH, 'W* GORGIA, 'EPEIDH GE-KAI SOI4 DOKEI0
"OUTW$.
GOR _ TAUTH$ TOINUN TH$ PEIQOU$ LEGW0, 'W* SWKRATE$, TH$
'EN TOI$ DIKASTHRIOI$ KAI 'EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$ 'OCLOI$, "WSPER KAI
'ARTI 'ELEGON KAI PERI= TOUTWN "A 'ESTI DI=KAIA TE-KAI 'ADIKA.
SW _ KAI 'EGW TOI "UPWPTEUON TAUTHN SE LEGEIN THN PEIQW=
KAI PERI= TOUTWN, 'W* GORGIA; 'ALL' "INA MH QAUMAZHI$ 'EA=N KAI
'OLIGON "USTERON TOIOUTON TI SE 'ANERWMAI, "O= DOKEI0 MEN DHLON
<P 454C>
'EINAI, 'EGW D' 'EPANERWTW30 % "OPER GAR LEGW0, TOU* "EXH$ "ENEKA
PERAINESQAI TON LOGON 'ERWTW0, 'OU SOU4 "ENEKA 'ALL' "INA MH
'EQIZWMEQA "UPONOOUNTE$ PROARPAZEIN 'ALLHLWN TA LEGOMENA,
'ALLA= SU TA SAUTOU KATA THN "UPOQESIN "OPW$ 'AN4 BOULHI3
PERAINHI$.
GOR _ KAI 'ORQW$ GE MOI DOKEI$ POIEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'IQI DH-KAI TODE 'EPISKEYWMEQA. KALEI$0 TI MEMAQHKENAI:
GOR _ KALW0. SW _ TI= DE: PEPISTEUKENAI: GOR _
<P 454D>
'EGWGE. SW _ POTERON 'OUN 'TAUTON DOKEI0 SOI4 'EINAI MEMAQHKENAI
KAI PEPISTEUKENAI, KAI MAQHSI$ KAI PISTI$, 'H= 'ALLO
TI: GOR _ 'OIOMAI MEN 'EGWGE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALLO. SW _
KALW$ GAR 'OIEI; GNWSHI2 DE 'ENQENDE. 'EI GAR TI$ SE 'EROITO;
'A*R' 'ESTIN TI$, 'W* GORGIA, PISTI$ YEUDH$ KAI 'ALHQH$:
FAIH$ 'AN4, "W$ 'EGW 'OIMAI. GOR _ NAI. SW _ TI= DE: 'EPISTHMH
'ESTIN YEUDH$ KAI 'ALHQH$: GOR _ 'OUDAMW$. SW _ DHLON
'A=RA "OTI4 'OU 'TAUTON 'ESTIN. GOR _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$. SW _
<P 454E>
'ALLA=-MHN "OI TE-GE8 MEMAQHKOTE$ PEPEISMENOI-'EISIN KAI "OI
PEPISTEUKOTE$. GOR _ 'ESTI TAUTA.
SW _ BOULEI 'OUN DUO 'EIDH QWMEN PEIQOU$, TO MEN PISTIN
PARECOMENON 'ANEU TOU* 'EIDENAI, TO D' 'EPISTHMHN: GOR _ PANU
GE. SW _ POTERAN 'OUN "H "RHTORIKH PEIQW= POIEI0 'EN DIKASTHRIOI$
TE-KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ 'OCLOI$ PERI= TWN DIKAIWN TE-KAI
'ADIKWN: 'EX "H$ PISTEUEIN GIGNETAI 'ANEU TOU* 'EIDENAI 'H= 'EX
"H$ TO 'EIDENAI: GOR _ DHLON DHPOU, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OTI4 'EX "H$
TO PISTEUEIN. SW _ "H "RHTORIKH 'A=RA, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, PEIQOU$


<P 455A>
DHMIOURGO$ 'ESTIN PISTEUTIKH$ 'ALL' 'OU DIDASKALIKH$ PERI=
TO DIKAION TE-KAI 'ADIKON. GOR _ NAI. SW _ 'OUD'-'A=RA
DIDASKALIKO$ "O "RHTWR 'ESTIN DIKASTHRIWN TE-KAI TWN 'ALLWN
'OCLWN DIKAIWN TE PE=RI KAI 'ADIKWN, 'ALLA= PEISTIKO$
MONON; 'OU-GAR-DHPOU 'OCLON G' 'AN4 DUNAITO TOSOUTON 'EN
'OLIGWI CRONWI DIDAXAI0 "OUTW MEGALA PRAGMATA. GOR _
'OU-DHTA.
SW _ FERE DH, 'IDWMEN TI= POTE KAI LEGOMEN PERI= TH$
<P 455B>
"RHTORIKH$; 'EGW MEN-GAR-TOI-'OUD' 'AUTO$ PW DUNAMAI KATANOHSAI0
"OTI2 LEGW0. "OTAN PERI= 'IATRWN "AIRESEW$ 'HI THI POLEI
SULLOGO$ 'H= PERI= NAUPHGWN 'H= PERI= 'ALLOU TINO$ DHMIOURGIKOU
'EQNOU$, 'ALLO TI 'H= TO=TE "O "RHTORIKO$ 'OU SUMBOULEUSEI2: DHLON
GAR "OTI4 'EN "EKASTHI "AIRESEI TON TECNIKWTATON DEI "AIREISQAI.
'OUD' "OTAN TEICWN PERI= 'OIKODOMHSEW$ 'H= LIMENWN KATASKEUH$
'H= NEWRIWN, 'ALL' "OI 'ARCITEKTONE$; 'OUD' 'AU "OTAN STRATHGWN
"AIRESEW$ PE=RI 'H= TAXEW$ TINO$ PRO$ POLEMIOU$ 'H= CWRIWN
<P 455C>
KATALHYEW$ SUMBOULH 'HI, 'ALL' "OI STRATHGIKOI TO=TE SUMBOULEUSOUSIN2,
"OI "RHTORIKOI DE 'OU=; 'H= PW*$ LEGEI$, 'W* GORGIA,
TA TOIAUTA: 'EPEIDH GAR 'AUTO$ TE FH=I$ "RHTWR 'EINAI KAI 'ALLOU$
POIEIN "RHTORIKOU$, 'EU 'ECEI0 TA TH$ SH$ TECNH$ PARA SOU4
PUNQANESQAI. KAI 'EME NU*N NOMISON2 KAI TO SON SPEUDEIN;
'ISW$ GAR-KAI TUGCANEI0 TI$ TWN 'ENDON 'ONTWN0 MAQHTH$ SOU4
BOULOMENO$ GENESQAI, "W$ 'EGW TINA$, SCEDON KAI SUCNOU$
'AISQANOMAI, "OI=4 'ISW$ 'AISCUNOINT'0 'AN4 SE 'ANERESQAI. "UP'
<P 455D>
'EMOU4 'OUN 'ANERWTWMENO$ NOMISON2 KAI "UP' 'EKEINWN 'ANERWTASQAI;
TI= "HMIN, 'W* GORGIA, 'ESTAI, 'EA=N SOI4 SUNWMEN: PERI= TI=NWN THI
POLEI SUMBOULEUEIN "OIOI-TE-'ESOMEQA: POTERON PERI= DIKAIOU
MONON KAI 'ADIKOU 'H=-KAI PERI= "WN NUNDH SWKRATH$ 'ELEGEN:
PEIRW5 'OUN 'AUTOI$ 'APOKRINESQAI.
GOR _ 'ALL' 'EGW SOI4 PEIRASOMAI, 'W* SWKRATE$, SAFW$
'APOKALUYAI0 THN TH$ "RHTORIKH$ DUNAMIN "APASAN; 'AUTO$ GAR
KALW$ "UFHGHSW. 'OISQA GAR-DHPOU "OTI4 TA NEWRIA TAUTA
<P 455E>
KAI TA TEICH TA 'AQHNAIWN KAI "H TWN LIMENWN KATASKEUH
'EK TH$ QEMISTOKLEOU$ SUMBOULH$ GEGONEN0, TA D' 'EK TH$
PERIKLEOU$, 'ALL' 'OUK 'EK TWN DHMIOURGWN.
SW _ LEGETAI TAUTA, 'W* GORGIA, PERI= QEMISTOKLEOU$;
PERIKLEOU$ DE-KAI 'AUTO$ 'HKOUON "OTE SUNEBOULEUEN "HMIN PERI=
TOU* DIA= MESOU TEICOU$.


<P 456A>
GOR _ KAI "OTAN GE TI$ "AIRESI$ 'HI "WN NUNDH SU 'ELEGE$, 'W*
SWKRATE$, "ORA*I$0 "OTI4 "OI "RHTORE$ 'EISIN "OI SUMBOULEUONTE$ KAI
"OI NIKWNTE$ TA$ GNWMA$ PERI= TOUTWN.
SW _ TAUTA KAI QAUMAZWN, 'W* GORGIA, PALAI 'ERWTW0 "HTI$
POTE "H DUNAMI$ 'ESTIN TH$ "RHTORIKH$. DAIMONI=A GAR TI$
'EMOIGE KATAFAINETAI TO MEGEQO$ "OUTW SKOPOUNTI.
GOR _ 'EI PANTA GE 'EIDEIH$, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OTI4 "W$ 'EPO$
'EIPEIN "APASA$ TA$ DUNAMEI$ SULLABOUSA "UF' "AUTHI 'ECEI0.
<P 456B>
MEGA DE SOI4 TEKMHRION 'ERW2; POLLAKI$ GAR 'HDH 'EGWGE META
TOU* 'ADELFOU KAI META TWN 'ALLWN 'IATRWN 'EISELQWN PARA
TINA TWN KAMNONTWN0 'OUCI 'EQELONTA 'H= FARMAKON PIEIN 'H=
TEMEIN2 'H= KAUSAI0 PARASCEIN TW*I 'IATRWI, 'OU DUNAMENOU TOU*
'IATROU PEISAI0, 'EGW 'EPEISA, 'OUK 'ALLHI TECNHI 'H= THI "RHTORIKHI.
FHMI DE-KAI 'EI$ POLIN "OPOI BOULEI 'ELQONTA "RHTORIKON 'ANDRA
KAI 'IATRON, 'EI DEOI LOGWI DIAGWNIZESQAI 'EN 'EKKLHSIA\ 'H= 'EN
'ALLWI TINI SULLOGWI "OPOTERON DEI "AIREQHNAI 'IATRON, 'OUDAMOU
<P 456C>
'AN4 FANHNAI TON 'IATRON, 'ALL' "AIREQHNAI 'AN4 TON 'EIPEIN DUNATON,
'EI BOULOITO. KAI 'EI PRO$ 'ALLON GE DHMIOURGON "ONTINAOUN
'AGWNIZOITO, PEISEIEN 'AN4 "AUTON "ELESQAI "O "RHTORIKO$
MALLON 'H= 'ALLO$ "OSTISOUN; 'OU-GAR 'ESTIN PERI= "OTOU 'OUK 'AN4
PIQANWTERON 'EIPOI "O "RHTORIKO$ 'H= 'ALLO$ "OSTISOUN TWN DHMIOURGWN
'EN PLHQEI. "H MEN-'OUN DUNAMI$ TOSAUTH 'ESTIN
KAI TOIAUTH TH$ TECNH$; DEI MENTOI, 'W* SWKRATE$, THI
"RHTORIKHI CRHSQAI "WSPER THI 'ALLHI PASHI 'AGWNIA\. KAI-GAR
<P 456D>
THI 'ALLHI 'AGWNIA\ 'OU TOUTOU "ENEKA DEI PRO$ "APANTA$ CRHSQAI
'ANQRWPOU$, "OTI4 'EMAQEN PUKTEUEIN TE-KAI PAGKRATIAZEIN KAI
'EN "OPLOI$ MACESQAI, "WSTE KREITTWN 'EINAI KAI FILWN KAI
'ECQRWN % 'OU TOUTOU "ENEKA TOU$ FILOU$ DEI TUPTEIN 'OUDE
KENTEIN TE-KAI 'APOKTEINUNAI. 'OUDE-GE MA DI=A 'EA=N TI$ 'EI$
PALAISTRAN FOITHSA$, 'EU 'ECWN TO SWMA KAI PUKTIKO$ GENOMENO$,
'EPEITA TON PATERA TUPTHI5 KAI THN MHTERA 'H= 'ALLON
TINA TWN 'OIKEIWN 'H= TWN FILWN, 'OU TOUTOU "ENEKA DEI TOU$
<P 456E>
PAIDOTRIBA$ KAI TOU$ 'EN TOI$ "OPLOI$ DIDASKONTA$ MACESQAI
MISEIN TE-KAI 'EKBALLEIN 'EK TWN POLEWN. 'EKEINOI MEN-GAR
PAREDOSAN 'EPI TW*I DIKAIW$ CRHSQAI TOUTOI$ PRO$ TOU$ POLEMIOU$
KAI TOU$ 'ADIKOUNTA$, 'AMUNOMENOU$, MH "UPARCONTA$;


<P 457A>
"OI DE METASTREYANTE$ CRWNTAI0 THI 'ISCUI KAI THI TECNHI 'OUK
'ORQW$. 'OU=KOUN "OI DIDAXANTE$ PONHROI, 'OUDE "H TECNH 'OUTE
'AITI=A 'OUTE PONHRA TOUTOU "ENEKA 'ESTIN, 'ALL' "OI MH CRWMENOI
'OIMAI 'ORQW$. "O 'AUTO$ DH LOGO$ KAI PERI= TH$ "RHTORIKH$.
DUNATO$ MEN-GAR PRO$ "APANTA$ 'ESTIN "O "RHTWR KAI PERI=
PANTO$ LEGEIN, "WSTE PIQANWTERO$ 'EINAI 'EN TOI$ PLHQESIN
<P 457B>
'EMBRACU PERI= "OTOU 'AN4 BOULHTAI; 'ALL' 'OUDEN TI MALLON
TOUTOU "ENEKA DEI 'OUTE TOU$ 'IATROU$ THN DOXAN 'AFAIREISQAI %
"OTI4 DUNAITO 'AN4 TOUTO POIHSAI0 % 'OUTE TOU$ 'ALLOU$ DHMIOURGOU$,
'ALLA= DIKAIW$ KAI THI "RHTORIKHI CRHSQAI, "WSPER KAI THI
'AGWNIA\. 'EA=N DE 'OIMAI "RHTORIKO$ GENOMENO$ TI$ 'KA\TA TAUTHI
THI DUNAMEI KAI THI TECNHI 'ADIKHI5, 'OU TON DIDAXANTA DEI MISEIN
TE-KAI 'EKBALLEIN 'EK TWN POLEWN. 'EKEINO$ MEN-GAR 'EPI
<P 457C>
DIKAIA\ CREIA\ PAREDWKEN, "O D' 'ENANTIW$ CRHTAI0. TON 'OUN
'OUK 'ORQW$ CRWMENON MISEIN DIKAION KAI 'EKBALLEIN KAI
'APOKTEINUNAI 'ALL' 'OU TON DIDAXANTA.
SW _ 'OIMAI, 'W* GORGIA, KAI SE 'EMPEIRON 'EINAI POLLWN
LOGWN KAI KAQEWRAKENAI 'EN 'AUTOI$ TO TOIONDE, "OTI4 'OU "RA\DIW$
DUNANTAI PERI= "WN 'AN4 'EPICEIRHSWSIN DIALEGESQAI DIORISAMENOI
PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ KAI MAQONTE$ KAI DIDAXANTE$ "EAUTOU$,
<P 457D>
"OUTW DIALUESQAI TA$ SUNOUSIA$, 'ALL' 'EA=N PERI= TOU 'AMFISBHTHSWSIN
KAI MH FHI5 "O "ETERO$ TON "ETERON 'ORQW$ LEGEIN 'H=
MH SAFW$ CALEPAINOUSI0 TE-KAI KATA FQONON 'OIONTAI TON
"EAUTWN LEGEIN, FILONIKOUNTA$ 'ALL' 'OU ZHTOUNTA$ TO PROKEIMENON
'EN TW*I LOGWI; KAI 'ENIOI GE TELEUTWNTE$ 'AISCISTA
'APALLATTONTAI, LOIDORHQENTE$ TE-KAI 'EIPONTE$ KAI 'AKOUSANTE$
PERI=8 SFWN8-'AUTWN8 TOIAUTA "OI*A KAI TOU$ PARONTA$
'ACQESQAI "UPER SFWN-'AUTWN, "OTI4 TOIOUTWN 'ANQRWPWN 'HXIWSAN
<P 457E>
'AKROATAI GENESQAI. TOU*2 DH "ENEKA LEGW0 TAUTA: "OTI4 NU*N
'EMOI4 DOKEI$ SU 'OU PANU 'AKOLOUQA LEGEIN 'OUDE SUMFWNA "OI$
TO PRWTON 'ELEGE$ PERI= TH$ "RHTORIKH$; FOBOUMAI 'OUN DIELEGCEIN
SE, MH ME "UPOLABHI$ 'OU PRO$ TO PRAGMA FILONIKOUNTA
LEGEIN TOU* KATAFANE$ GENESQAI, 'ALLA= PRO$ SE.


<P 458A>
'EGW 'OUN, 'EI MEN-KAI SU 'EI*0 TWN 'ANQRWPWN "WNPER KAI 'EGW,
"HDEW$ 'AN4 SE DIERWTWIHN; 'EI DE MH, 'EWIHN 'AN4. 'EGW DE TI=NWN
'EIMI: TWN "HDEW$ MEN 'AN4 'ELEGCQENTWN5 'EI TI MH 'ALHQE$
LEGW0, "HDEW$ D' 'AN4 'ELEGXANTWN0 'EI TI$ TI MH 'ALHQE$ LEGOI,
'OUK 'AHDESTERON 'MENTAN4 'ELEGCQENTWN5 'H= 'ELEGXANTWN0. MEIZON
GAR 'AUTO 'AGAQON "HGOUMAI, "OSWIPER MEIZON 'AGAQON 'ESTIN
'AUTON 'APALLAGHNAI KAKOU TOU* MEGISTOU 'H= 'ALLON 'APALLAXAI0.
'OUDEN GAR 'OIMAI TOSOUTON KAKON 'EINAI 'ANQRWPWI, "OSON DOXA
<P 458B>
YEUDH$ PERI= "WN TUGCANEI0 NU*N "HMIN "O LOGO$ 'WN. 'EI MEN-'OUN-KAI
SU FH=I$ TOIOUTO$ 'EINAI, DIALEGWMEQA; 'EI DE-KAI DOKEI0
CRHNAI0 'EA*N, 'EWMEN2 'HDH CAIREIN KAI DIALUWMEN TON LOGON.
GOR _ 'ALLA= FHMI MEN 'EGWGE, 'W* SWKRATE$, KAI 'AUTO$ TOIOUTO$
'EINAI "OION SU "UFHGHI0; 'ISW$ MENTOI CRHN 'ENNOEIN KAI TO
TWN PARONTWN0. PALAI GAR-TOI, PRIN KAI "UMA$ 'ELQEIN, 'EGW
TOI$ PAROUSI POLLA 'EPEDEIXAMHN, KAI NU*N 'ISW$ PORRW 'APOTENOUMEN,
<P 458C>
'H=N DIALEGWMEQA. SKOPEIN 'OUN CRH KAI TO TOUTWN,
MH TINA$ 'AUTWN KATECOMEN BOULOMENOU$ TI KAI 'ALLO PRATTEIN.
CAI _ TOU* MEN QORUBOU, 'W* GORGIA TE-KAI SWKRATE$,
'AUTOI 'AKOUETE0 TOUTWN TWN 'ANDRWN BOULOMENWN 'AKOUEIN 'EA=N
TI LEGHTE; 'EMOI4 D'-'OUN-KAI 'AUTWI MH GENOITO TOSAUTH 'ASCOLIA,
"WSTE TOIOUTWN LOGWN KAI "OUTW LEGOMENWN 'AFEMENWI 'PROURGIAITERON
TI GENESQAI 'ALLO PRATTEIN.
<P 458D>
KAL _ NH TOU$ QEOU$, 'W* CAIREFWN, KAI-MEN-DH-KAI 'AUTO$
POLLOI$ 'HDH LOGOI$ PARAGENOMENO$ 'OUK 'OID' 'EI PWPOTE "HSQHN
"OUTW$, "WSPER NUNI; "WST' 'EMOIGE, 'KAN2 THN "HMERAN "OLHN
'EQELHTE DIALEGESQAI, CARIEISQE.
SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, TO G' 'EMON 'OUDEN KWLUEI0,
'EIPER 'EQELEI0 GORGIA$.
GOR _ 'AISCRON DH TO LOIPON, 'W* SWKRATE$, GIGNETAI 'EME
GE MH 'EQELEIN, 'AUTON 'EPAGGEILAMENON 'ERWTAN "OTI2 TI$ BOULETAI.
<P 458E>
'ALL' 'EI DOKEI0 TOUTOISI, DIALEGOU TE-KAI 'ERWTA "OTI2
BOULEI.
SW _ 'AKOUE DH, 'W* GORGIA, "A QAUMAZW0 'EN TOI$ LEGOMENOI$
"UPO SOU4; 'ISW$ GAR-TOI SOU4 'ORQW$ LEGONTO$ 'EGW 'OUK 'ORQW$
"UPOLAMBANW0. "RHTORIKON FH=I$ POIEIN "OIO$-T'-'EINAI, 'EA=N TI$
BOULHTAI PARA SOU4 MANQANEIN: GOR _ NAI. SW _ 'OUKOU*N
PERI= PANTWN "WST' 'EN 'OCLWI PIQANON 'EINAI, 'OU DIDASKONTA 'ALLA=


<P 459A>
PEIQONTA: GOR _ PANU MEN-'OUN. SW _ 'ELEGE$ TOI NUNDH
"OTI4 KAI PERI= TOU* "UGIEINOU TOU* 'IATROU PIQANWTERO$ 'ESTAI "O
"RHTWR. GOR _ KAI-GAR 'ELEGON, 'EN GE 'OCLWI. SW _ 'OUKOU*N
TO 'EN 'OCLWI TOUTO 'ESTIN, 'EN TOI$ MH 'EIDOSIN: 'OU-GAR-DHPOU
'EN GE TOI$ 'EIDOSI TOU* 'IATROU PIQANWTERO$ 'ESTAI. GOR _
'ALHQH LEGEI$. SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EIPER TOU* 'IATROU PIQANWTERO$
'ESTAI, TOU* 'EIDOTO$ PIQANWTERO$ GIGNETAI: GOR _ PANU
<P 459B>
GE. SW _ 'OUK 'IATRO$ GE 'WN; 'H*-GAR: GOR _ NAI. SW _ "O
DE MH 'IATRO$ GE-DHPOU 'ANEPISTHMWN "WN "O 'IATRO$ 'EPISTHMWN.
GOR _ DHLON "OTI4. SW _ "O 'OUK 'EIDW$ 'A=RA TOU* 'EIDOTO$
'EN 'OUK 'EIDOSI PIQANWTERO$ 'ESTAI, "OTAN "O "RHTWR TOU* 'IATROU
PIQANWTERO$ 'HI. TOUTO SUMBAINEI0 'H= 'ALLO TI: GOR _ TOUTO
'ENTAUQA GE SUMBAINEI0. SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI PERI= TA$ 'ALLA$
"APASA$ TECNA$ "WSAUTW$ 'ECEI0 "O "RHTWR KAI "H "RHTORIKH; 'AUTA
MEN TA PRAGMATA 'OUDEN DEI 'AUTHN 'EIDENAI "OPW$ 'ECEI0, MHCANHN
<P 459C>
DE TINA PEIQOU$ "HURHKENAI "WSTE FAINESQAI TOI$ 'OUK 'EIDOSI
MALLON 'EIDENAI TWN 'EIDOTWN.
GOR _ 'OU=KOUN POLLH "RA\STWNH, 'W* SWKRATE$ GIGNETAI,
MH MAQONTA TA$ 'ALLA$ TECNA$ 'ALLA= MIAN TAUTHN, MHDEN
'ELATTOUSQAI TWN DHMIOURGWN:
SW _ 'EI MEN 'ELATTOUTAI 'H= MH 'ELATTOUTAI "O "RHTWR TWN
'ALLWN DIA= TO "OUTW$ 'ECEIN, 'AUTIKA 'EPISKEYOMEQA, 'EA=N TI
"HMIN PRO$ LOGOU 'HI; NU*N DE TODE PROTERON SKEYWMEQA, 'A*RA
<P 459D>
TUGCANEI0 PERI= TO DIKAION KAI TO 'ADIKON KAI TO 'AISCRON KAI
TO KALON KAI 'AGAQON KAI KAKON "OUTW$ 'ECWN "O "RHTORIKO$
"W$ PERI= TO "UGIEINON KAI PERI= TA 'A=LLA "WN "AI 'ALLAI TECNAI,
'AUTA MEN 'OUK 'EIDW$, TI= 'AGAQON 'H= TI= KAKON 'ESTIN 'H= TI= KALON
'H= TI= 'AISCRON 'H= DIKAION 'H= 'ADIKON, PEIQW= DE PERI= 'AUTWN MEMHCANHMENO$
"WSTE DOKEIN 'EIDENAI 'OUK 'EIDW$ 'EN 'OUK 'EIDOSIN
<P 459E>
MALLON TOU* 'EIDOTO$: 'H= 'ANAGKH 'EIDENAI, KAI DEI PROEPISTAMENON
TAUTA 'AFIKESQAI PARA SE TON MELLONTA MAQHSESQAI
THN "RHTORIKHN: 'EI DE MH, SU "O TH$ "RHTORIKH$ DIDASKALO$ TOUTWN
MEN 'OUDEN DIDAXEI$ TON 'AFIKNOUMENON % 'OU-GAR SON 'ERGON %
POIHSEI$ D' 'EN TOI$ POLLOI$ DOKEIN 'EIDENAI 'AUTON TA TOIAUTA
'OUK 'EIDOTA KAI DOKEIN 'AGAQON 'EINAI 'OUK 'ONTA: 'H= TO PARAPAN
'OUC "OIO$-TE-'ESHI2 'AUTON DIDAXAI0 THN "RHTORIKHN, 'EA=N MH PROEIDHI5
PERI= TOUTWN THN 'ALHQEIAN: 'H= PW*$ TA TOIAUTA 'ECEI0, 'W* GORGIA:


<P 460A>
KAI PRO$ DIO$, "WSPER 'ARTI 'EIPE$, 'APOKALUYA$ TH$ "RHTORIKH$
'EIPE= TI=$ POQ' "H DUNAMI$ 'ESTIN.
GOR _ 'ALL' 'EGW MEN 'OIMAI, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EA=N TUCHI6 MH
'EIDW$, KAI TAUTA PAR' 'EMOU4 MAQHSETAI.
SW _ 'ECE DH; KALW$ GAR LEGEI$. 'EANPER "RHTORIKON
SU TINA POIHSHI$, 'ANAGKH 'AUTON 'EIDENAI TA DI=KAIA KAI TA
'ADIKA 'HTOI PROTERON GE 'H= "USTERON MAQONTA PARA SOU4.
<P 460B>
GOR _ PANU GE. SW _ TI= 'OUN: "O TA TEKTONIKA MEMAQHKW$
TEKTONIKO$, 'H= 'OU=: GOR _ NAI. SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI "O TA MOUSIKA
MOUSIKO$: GOR _ NAI. SW _ KAI "O TA 'IATRIKA 'IATRIKO$:
KAI 'TALLA "OUTW KATA TON 'AUTON LOGON, "O MEMAQHKW$ "EKASTA
TOIOUTO$ 'ESTIN "OION "H 'EPISTHMH "EKASTON 'APERGAZETAI:
GOR _ PANU GE. SW _ 'OUKOU*N KATA TOUTON TON LOGON KAI
"O TA DI=KAIA MEMAQHKW$ DIKAIO$: GOR _ PANTW$ DHPOU.
SW _ "O DE DIKAIO$ DI=KAIA POU PRATTEI0. GOR _ NAI.
<P 460C>
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'ANAGKH TON "RHTORIKON DIKAION 'EINAI, TON DE
DIKAION BOULESQAI DI=KAIA PRATTEIN: GOR _ FAINETAI GE.
SW8 _ 'OUDEPOTE8 'A=RA8 BOULHSETAI8 "O8 GE8 DIKAIO$8 'ADIKEIN8.
GOR8 _ 'ANAGKH8. SW8 _ TON8 DE8 "RHTORIKON8 'ANAGKH8 'EK8 TOU*8 LOGOU8
DIKAION8 'EINAI8. GOR8 _ NAI8. SW _ 'OUDEPOTE 'A=RA BOULHSETAI
"O "RHTORIKO$ 'ADII*EIN. GOR _ 'OU FAINETAI GE.
SW _ MEMNHSAI 'OUN LEGWN 'OLIGWI PROTERON "OTI4 'OU DEI TOI$
<P 460D>
PAIDOTRIBAI$ 'EGKALEIN0 'OUD' 'EKBALLEIN 'EK TWN POLEWN, 'EA=N "O
PUKTH$ THI PUKTIKHI CRHTAI2 TE-KAI 'ADIKHI5,
"WSAUTW$ DE "OUTW$ KAI 'EA=N "O "RHTWR THI "RHTORIKHI 'ADIKW$
CRHTAI2, MH TW*I DIDAXANTI 'EGKALEIN0 MHD' 'EXELAUNEIN 'EK TH$
POLEW$, 'ALLA= TW*I 'ADIKOUNTI KAI 'OUK 'ORQW$ CRWMENWI THI
"RHTORIKHI: 'ERRHQH TAUTA 'H= 'OU=: GOR _ 'ERRHQH. SW _ NU*N
<P 460E>
DE-GE "O 'AUTO$ "OUTO$ FAINETAI, "O "RHTORIKO$, 'OUK 'AN4 POTE
'ADIKHSA$. 'H= 'OU=: GOR _ FAINETAI. SW _ KAI 'EN TOI$ PRWTOI$
GE, 'W* GORGIA, LOGOI$ 'ELEGETO "OTI4 "H "RHTORIKH PERI= LOGOU$
'EIH 'OU TOU$ TOU* 'ARTIOU KAI PERITTOU, 'ALLA= TOU$ TOU* DIKAIOU
KAI 'ADIKOU; 'H*-GAR: GOR _ NAI. SW _ 'EGW TOINUN SOU4 TO=TE
TAUTA LEGONTO$ "UPELABON "W$ 'OUDEPOT' 'AN4 'EIH "H "RHTORIKH
'ADIKON PRAGMA, "O= G' 'AEI PERI= DIKAIOSUNH$ TOU$ LOGOU$
POIEITAI; 'EPEIDH DE 'OLIGON "USTERON 'ELEGE$ "OTI4 "O "RHTWR


<P 461A>
THI "RHTORIKHI 'KAN4 'ADIKW$ CRWITO, "OUTW QAUMASA$ KAI "HGHSAMENO$
'OU SUNA\DEIN TA LEGOMENA 'EKEINOU$ 'EIPON TOU$ LOGOU$,
"OTI4 'EI MEN KERDO$ "HGOIO 'EINAI TO 'ELEGCESQAI "WSPER 'EGW,
'AXION 'EIH DIALEGESQAI, 'EI DE MH, 'EA*N CAIREIN. "USTERON DE
"HMWN 'EPISKOPOUMENWN "ORA*I$0 DH-KAI 'AUTO$ "OTI4 PALIN 'AU "OMOLOGEITAI
TON "RHTORIKON 'ADUNATON 'EINAI 'ADIKW$ CRHSQAI THI "RHTORIKHI
KAI 'EQELEIN 'ADIKEIN. TAUTA 'OUN "OPHI POTE 'ECEI0, MA TON
<P 461B>
KUNA, 'W* GORGIA, 'OUK 'OLIGH$ SUNOUSIA$ 'ESTIN "WSTE "IKANW$
DIASKEYASQAI.
PWL _ TI= DE, 'W* SWKRATE$: "OUTW KAI SU PERI= TH$
"RHTORIKH$ DOXAZEI$ "WSPER NU*N LEGEI$: 'H= 'OIEI % "OTI4 GORGIA$
'HISCUNQH SOI4 MH PROSOMOLOGHSAI0 TON "RHTORIKON 'ANDRA MH
'OUCI KAI TA DI=KAIA 'EIDENAI TA KALA KAI TA 'AGAQA, KAI
'EA=N MH 'ELQHI6 TAUTA 'EIDW$ PAR' 'AUTON, 'AUTO$ DIDAXEIN, 'EPEITA
'EK TAUTH$ 'ISW$ TH$ "OMOLOGIA$ 'ENANTION TI SUNEBH 'EN TOI$
<P 461C>
LOGOI$, TOUTO "O=7 DH 'AGAPA*I$0, 'AUTO$ 'AGWGWN 'EPI TOIAUTA
'ERWTHMATA % 'EPEI TI=NA 'OIEI 'APARNHSESQAI MH 'OUCI KAI 'AUTON
'EPISTASQAI TA DI=KAIA KAI 'ALLOU$ DIDAXEIN: 'ALL' 'EI$ TA
TOIAUTA 'AGEIN POLLH 'AGROIKIA 'ESTIN TOU$ LOGOU$.
SW _ 'W* KALLISTE PWLE, 'ALLA=-TOI 'EXEPITHDE$ KTWMEQA0
"ETAIROU$ KAI "UEI$, "INA 'EPEIDAN 'AUTOI PRESBUTEROI GENOMENOI
SFALLWMEQA, PARONTE$ "UMEI$ "OI NEWTEROI 'EPANORQOITE "HMWN
TON BION KAI 'EN 'ERGOI$ KAI 'EN LOGOI$. KAI NU*N 'EI TI 'EGW KAI
<P 461D>
GORGIA$ 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$ SFALLOMEQA, SU PARWN 'EPANORQOU %
DIKAIO$ D' 'EI* % KAI 'EGW SOI4 'EQELW0 TWN "WMOLOGHMENWN 'EI TI SOI4
DOKEI0 MH KALW$ "WMOLOGHSQAI, 'ANAQESQAI "OTI2 'AN4 SU BOULHI3,
'EA=N MOI "EN MONON FULATTHI$.
PWL _ TI= TOUTO LEGEI$:
SW _ THN MAKROLOGIAN, 'W* PWLE, 'H=N KAQERXHI$, "HI TO PRWTON
'EPECEIRHSA$ CRHSQAI.
PWL _ TI= DE: 'OUK 'EXESTAI MOI LEGEIN "OPOSA 'AN4
BOULWMAI:
<P 461E>
SW _ DEINA 'MENTAN4 PAQOI$, 'W* BELTISTE, 'EI 'AQHNAZE
'AFIKOMENO$, "OU4 TH$ "ELLADO$ PLEISTH 'ESTIN 'EXOUSIA TOU*
LEGEIN, 'EPEITA SU 'ENTAUQA TOUTOU MONO$ 'ATUCHSAI$. 'ALL'9
'ANTIQE$9 TOI9; SOU4 MAKRA LEGONTO$ KAI MH 'EQELONTO$ TO 'ERWTWMENON
'APOKRINESQAI, 'OU DEINA 'AN4 'AU 'EGW PAQOIMI, 'EI MH 'EXESTAI


<P 462A>
MOI 'APIENAI KAI MH 'AKOUEIN SOU4: 'ALL' 'EI TI KHDHI0 TOU* LOGOU
TOU* 'EIRHMENOU KAI 'EPANORQWSASQAI 'AUTON BOULEI, "WSPER
NUNDH 'ELEGON, 'ANAQEMENO$ "OTI2 SOI4 DOKEI0, 'EN TW*I MEREI 'ERWTWN
TE-KAI 'ERWTWMENO$, "WSPER 'EGW TE-KAI GORGIA$, 'ELEGCE TE-KAI
'ELEGCOU. FH=I$ GAR-DHPOU-KAI SU 'EPISTASQAI "APER
GORGIA$; 'H= 'OU=:
PWL _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI SU KELEUEI$ SAUTON 'ERWTAN "EKASTOTE "OTI2
'AN4 TI$ BOULHTAI, "W$ 'EPISTAMENO$ 'APOKRINESQAI:
PWL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
<P 462B>
SW _ KAI NU*N DH TOUTWN "OPOTERON BOULEI POIEI5, 'ERWTA 'H=
'APOKRINOU.
PWL _ 'ALLA= POIHSW2 TAUTA. KAI MOI 'APOKRINAI2, 'W* SWKRATE$;
'EPEIDH GORGIA$ 'APOREIN SOI4 DOKEI0 PERI= TH$ "RHTORIKH$,
SU 'AUTHN TI=NA FH=I$ 'EINAI:
SW _ 'A*RA 'ERWTA*I$0 "HNTINA TECNHN FHMI 'EINAI:
PWL _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'OUDEMIA 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'W* PWLE "W$ GE PRO$ SE
'TALHQH 'EIRHSQAI.
PWL _ 'ALLA= TI= SOI4 DOKEI0 "H "RHTORIKH 'EINAI:
SW _ PRAGMA "O= FH=I$ SU POIHSAI0 TECNHN 'EN TW*I SUGGRAMMATI
<P 462C>
"O= 'EGW 'ENAGCO$ 'ANEGNWN.
PWL _ TI= TOUTO LEGEI$:
SW _ 'EMPEIRIAN 'EGWGE TINA.
PWL _ 'EMPEIRIA 'A=RA SOI4 DOKEI0 "H "RHTORIKH 'EINAI:
SW _ 'EMOIGE, 'EI MH TI SU 'ALLO LEGEI$.
PWL _ TI=NO$ 'EMPEIRIA:
SW _ CARITO$ TINO$ KAI "HDONH$ 'APERGASIA$.
PWL _ 'OU=KOUN KALON SOI4 DOKEI0 "H "RHTORIKH 'EINAI, CARIZESQAI
"OION-TE-'EINAI 'ANQRWPOI$:
SW _ TI= DE, 'W* PWLE: 'HDH PEPUSAI PAR' 'EMOU4 "OTI2 FHMI
<P 462D>
'AUTHN 'EINAI, "WSTE TO META TOUTO 'ERWTA*I$0 'EI 'OU KALH MOI
DOKEI0 'EINAI:
PWL _ 'OU-GAR PEPUSMAI "OTI4 'EMPEIRIAN TINA 'AUTHN FH=I$
'EINAI:
SW _ BOULEI 'OUN, 'EPEIDH TIMA*I$0 TO CARIZESQAI, SMIKRON TI
MOI CARISASQAI:
PWL _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'EROU NU*N ME, 'OYOPOIIA "HTI$ MOI DOKEI0 TECNH 'EINAI.
PWL _ 'ERWTW0 DH, TI=$ TECNH 'OYOPOIIA: SW _ 'OUDEMIA,
'W* PWLE. 'ALLA= TI=: FAQI. PWL _ FHMI DH. SW _ 'EMPEIRIA
TI$. TI=NO$: FAQI. PWL _ FHMI DH. SW _ CARITO$ KAI "HDONH$
<P 462E>
'APERGASIA$, 'W* PWLE.
PWL _ 'TAUTON 'A=R' 'ESTIN 'OYOPOIIA KAI "RHTORIKH:
SW _ 'OUDAMW$ GE, 'ALLA= TH$ 'AUTH$ MEN 'EPITHDEUSEW$
MORION.
PWL _ TI=NO$ LEGEI$ TAUTH$:
SW _ MH 'AGROIKOTERON 'HI TO 'ALHQE$ 'EIPEIN; 'OKNW0 GAR
GORGIOU "ENEKA LEGEIN, MH 'OIHTAI ME DIAKWMWIDEIN TO "EAUTOU
'EPITHDEUMA. 'EGW DE, 'EI MEN TOUTO 'ESTIN "H "RHTORIKH "HN GORGIA$


<P 463A>
'EPITHDEUEI0, 'OUK 'OIDA % KAI-GAR 'ARTI 'EK TOU* LOGOU 'OUDEN "HMIN
KATAFANE$ 'EGENETO TI= POTE "OUTO$ "HGEITAI % "O= D' 'EGW KALW0
THN "RHTORIKHN, PRAGMATO$ TINO$ 'ESTI MORION 'OUDENO$ TWN
KALWN.
GOR _ TI=NO$, 'W* SWKRATE$: 'EIPE=, MHDEN 'EME 'AISCUNQEI$.
SW _ DOKEI0 TOINUN MOI, 'W* GORGIA, 'EINAI TI 'EPITHDEUMA
TECNIKON MEN 'OU=, YUCH$ DE STOCASTIKH$ KAI 'ANDREIA$ KAI
FUSEI DEINH$ PROSOMILEIN TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$; KALW0 DE 'AUTOU4
<P 463B>
'EGW TO KEFALAION KOLAKEIAN. TAUTH$ MOI DOKEI0 TH$ 'EPITHDEUSEW$
POLLA MEN-KAI 'A=LLA MORIA 'EINAI, "EN DE-KAI "H
'OYOPOIIKH; "O= DOKEI0 MEN 'EINAI TECNH, "W$ DE "O 'EMO$ LOGO$, 'OUK
'ESTIN TECNH 'ALL' 'EMPEIRIA KAI TRIBH. TAUTH$ MORION KAI
THN "RHTORIKHN 'EGW KALW0 KAI THN GE KOMMWTIKHN KAI THN
SOFISTIKHN, TETTARA TAUTA MORIA 'EPI TETTARSIN PRAGMASIN.
'EI 'OUN BOULETAI PWLO$ PUNQANESQAI PUNQANESQW; 'OU-GAR
<P 463C>
PW PEPUSTAI "OPOION FHMI 'EGW TH$ KOLAKEIA$ MORION 'EINAI
THN "RHTORIKHN, 'ALL' 'AUTON LELHQA 'OUPW 'APOKEKRIMENO$, "O DE
'EPANERWTA*I0 'EI 'OU KALON "HGOUMAI 'EINAI. 'EGW DE 'AUTWI 'OUK
'APOKRINOUMAI PROTERON 'EI=TE KALON 'EI=TE 'AISCRON "HGOUMAI
'EINAI THN "RHTORIKHN PRIN 'AN4 PRWTON 'APOKRINWMAI "OTI2 'ESTIN.
'OU-GAR DIKAION, 'W* PWLE; 'ALL' 'EIPER BOULEI PUQESQAI, 'ERWTA
"OPOION MORION TH$ KOLAKEIA$ FHMI 'EINAI THN "RHTORIKHN.
PWL _ 'ERWTW0 DH, KAI 'APOKRINAI2 "OPOION MORION
<P 463D>
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN 'AN4 MAQOI$ 'APOKRINAMENOU: 'ESTIN GAR "H
"RHTORIKH KATA TON 'EMON LOGON POLITIKH$ MORIOU 'EIDWLON.
PWL _ TI= 'OUN: KALON 'H= 'AISCRON LEGEI$ 'AUTHN 'EINAI:
SW _ 'AISCRON 'EGWGE % TA GAR KAKA 'AISCRA KALW0 % 'EPEIDH
DEI SOI4 'APOKRINASQAI "W$ 'HDH 'EIDOTI "A 'EGW LEGW0.
GOR _ MA TON DI=A, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALL' 'EGW 'OUDE 'AUTO$
SUNIHMI "OTI2 LEGEI$.
<P 463E>
SW _ 'EIKOTW$ GE, 'W* GORGIA; 'OUDEN GAR PW SAFE$ LEGW0,
PWLO$ DE "ODE NEO$ 'ESTI KAI 'OXU$.
GOR _ 'ALLA= TOUTON MEN 'EA2, 'EMOI4 D' 'EIPE= PW*$ LEGEI$
POLITIKH$ MORIOU 'EIDWLON 'EINAI THN "RHTORIKHN.
SW _ 'ALL' 'EGW PEIRASOMAI FRASAI0 "O= GE MOI FAINETAI
'EINAI "H "RHTORIKH; 'EI DE MH TUGCANEI0 'ON TOUTO, PWLO$ "ODE


<P 464A>
'ELEGXEI2. SWMA POU KALEI$0 TI KAI YUCHN: GOR _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TOUTWN 'OIEI TINA 'EINAI "EKATEROU 'EUEXIAN:
GOR _ 'EGWGE. SW _ TI= DE: DOKOUSAN MEN 'EUEXIAN, 'OUSAN
D' 'OU=: "OION TOIONDE LEGW0; POLLOI DOKOUSIN0 'EU 'ECEIN TA
SWMATA, "OU$ 'OUK 'AN4 "RA\DIW$ 'AISQOITO TI$ "OTI4 'OUK 'EU 'ECOUSIN0,
'ALL'-'H= 'IATRO$ TE-KAI TWN GUMNASTIKWN TI$. GOR _ 'ALHQH
LEGEI$. SW _ TO TOIOUTON LEGW0 KAI 'EN SWMATI 'EINAI KAI 'EN
YUCHI, "O= POIEI0 MEN DOKEIN 'EU 'ECEIN TO SWMA KAI THN YUCHN,
<P 464B>
'ECEI0 DE 'OUDEN MALLON. GOR _ 'ESTI TAUTA.
SW _ FERE DH SOI4, 'EA=N DUNWMAI, SAFESTERON 'EPIDEIXW2 "O=
LEGW0. DUOIN 'ONTOIN TOIN PRAGMATOIN DUO LEGW0 TECNA$; THN
MEN 'EPI THI YUCHI POLITIKHN KALW0, THN DE 'EPI TW*I SWMATI MIAN
MEN "OUTW$ 'ONOMASAI0 'OUK 'ECW0 SOI4, MIA$ DE 'OUSH$ TH$ TOU*
SWMATO$ QERAPEIA$ DUO MORIA LEGW0, THN MEN GUMNASTIKHN,
THN DE 'IATRIKHN; TH$ DE POLITIKH$ 'ANTI MEN TH$ GUMNASTIKH$
THN NOMOQETIKHN, 'ANTISTROFON DE THI 'IATRIKHI THN DIKAIOSUNHN.
<P 464C>
'EPIKOINWNOUSI0 MEN-DH 'ALLHLAI$, "ATE PERI= TO 'AUTO 'OUSAI,
"EKATERAI TOUTWN, "H TE 'IATRIKH THI GUMNASTIKHI KAI "H DIKAIOSUNH
THI NOMOQETIKHI; "OMW$ DE DIAFEROUSIN0 TI 'ALLHLWN. TETTARWN
DH TOUTWN 'OUSWN, KAI 'AEI PRO$ TO BELTISTON QERAPEUOUSWN
TWN MEN TO SWMA, TWN DE THN YUCHN, "H KOLAKEUTIKH 'AISQOMENH %
'OU GNOUSA LEGW0 'ALLA= STOCASAMENH % TETRACA "EAUTHN DIANEIMASA,
"UPODUSA "UPO "EKASTON TWN MORIWN, PROSPOIEITAI
<P 464D>
'EINAI TOUTO "OPER "UPEDU, KAI TOU* MEN BELTISTOU 'OUDEN FRONTIZEI0,
TW*I DE 'AEI "HDISTWI QHREUETAI THN 'ANOIAN KAI 'EXAPATA*I0, "WSTE
DOKEIN PLEISTOU 'AXI=A 'EINAI. "UPO MEN-'OUN THN 'IATRIKHN "H
'OYOPOIIKH "UPODEDUKEN0, KAI PROSPOIEITAI TA BELTISTA SITIA
TW*I SWMATI 'EIDENAI, "WST' 'EI DEOI 'EN PAISI DIAGWNIZESQAI
'OYOPOION TE-KAI 'IATRON, 'H= 'EN 'ANDRASIN "OUTW$ 'ANOHTOI$ "WSPER
"OI PAIDE$, POTERO$ 'EPAIEI0 PERI= TWN CRHSTWN SITIWN KAI
<P 464E>
PONHRWN, "O 'IATRO$ 'H= "O 'OYOPOIO$, LIMWI 'AN4 'APOQANEIN TON
'IATRON. KOLAKEIAN MEN-'OUN 'AUTO KALW0, KAI 'AISCRON FHMI


<P 465A>
'EINAI TO TOIOUTON, 'W* PWLE % TOUTO GAR PRO$ SE LEGW0 % "OTI4
TOU* "HDEO$ STOCAZETAI 'ANEU TOU* BELTISTOU; TECNHN DE 'AUTHN
'OU FHMI 'EINAI 'ALL' 'EMPEIRIAN, "OTI4 'OUK 'ECEI0 LOGON 'OUDENA
"WI PROSFEREI0 'H=7 "A PROSFEREI0 "OPOI*' 'ATTA THN FUSIN 'ESTIN, "WSTE
THN 'AITIAN "EKASTOU MH 'ECEIN 'EIPEIN. 'EGW DE TECNHN 'OU
KALW0 "O= 'AN4 'HI 'ALOGON PRAGMA; TOUTWN DE PE=RI 'EI 'AMFISBHTEI$,
'EQELW0 "UPOSCEIN LOGON.
<P 465B>
THI MEN-'OUN 'IATRIKHI, "WSPER LEGW0, "H 'OYOPOIIKH KOLAKEIA
"UPOKEITAI; THI DE GUMNASTIKHI KATA TON 'AUTON TROPON TOUTON
"H KOMMWTIKH, "HI7 KAKOURGO$ TE-KAI 'APATHLH KAI 'AGENNH$ KAI
'ANELEUQERO$, SCHMASIN KAI CRWMASIN KAI LEIOTHTI KAI 'ESQHSIN
'APATWSA, "WSTE POIEIN 'ALLOTRION KALLO$ 'EFELKOMENOU$ TOU*
'OIKEIOU TOU* DIA= TH$ GUMNASTIKH$ 'AMELEIN. "IN' 'OUN MH
MAKROLOGW3, 'EQELW0 SOI4 'EIPEIN "WSPER "OI GEWMETRAI % 'HDH GAR
<P 465C>
'AN4 'ISW$ 'AKOLOUQHSAI$ % "OTI4 "O= KOMMWTIKH PRO$ GUMNASTIKHN, TOUTO 'OYOPOIIKH PRO$ 'IATRIKHN; MALLON DE "WDE, "OTI4
"O= KOMMWTIKH PRO$ GUMNASTIKHN,
TOUTO SOFISTIKH PRO$ NOMOQETIKHN, KAI "OTI4 "O= 'OYOPOIIKH PRO$
'IATRIKHN, TOUTO "RHTORIKH PRO$ DIKAIOSUNHN. "OPER MENTOI
LEGW0, DIESTHKE0 MEN "OUTW FUSEI, "ATE D' 'EGGU$ 'ONTWN0 FURONTAI
'EN TW*I 'AUTWI KAI PERI= 'TAUTA SOFISTAI KAI "RHTORE$, KAI 'OUK
'ECOUSIN0 "OTI2 CRHSONTAI 'OUTE 'AUTOI "EAUTOI$ 'OUTE "OI 'ALLOI
'ANQRWPOI TOUTOI$. KAI-GAR 'AN4, 'EI MH "H YUCH TW*I SWMATI
<P 465D>
'EPESTATEI, 'ALL' 'AUTO "AUTWI, KAI MH "UPO TAUTH$ KATEQEWREITO
KAI DIEKRINETO "H TE 'OYOPOIIKH KAI "H 'IATRIKH, 'ALL' 'AUTO TO
SWMA 'EKRINE STAQMWMENON TAI$ CARISI TAI$ PRO$ "AUTO, TO TOU*
'ANAXAGOROU 'AN4 POLU 'H*N, 'W* FILE PWLE % SU GAR TOUTWN
'EMPEIRO$ % "OMOU9 'AN4 PANTA9 CRHMATA9 'EFURETO 'EN TW*I 'AUTWI,
'AKRITWN 'ONTWN0 TWN TE 'IATRIKWN KAI "UGIEINWN KAI 'OYOPOIIKWN.
"O= MEN-'OUN 'EGW FHMI THN "RHTORIKHN 'EINAI, 'AKHKOA$; 'ANTISTROFON
<P 465E>
'OYOPOIIA$ 'EN YUCHI, "W$ 'EKEINO 'EN SWMATI. 'ISW$
MEN-'OUN 'ATOPON PEPOIHKA, "OTI4 SE 'OUK 'EWN MAKROU$ LOGOU$
LEGEIN 'AUTO$ SUCNON LOGON 'APOTETAKA. 'AXION MEN-'OUN
'EMOI4 SUGGNWMHN 'ECEIN 'ESTIN; LEGONTO$ GAR MOU BRACEA 'OUK
'EMANQANE$, 'OUDE CRHSQAI THI 'APOKRISEI "HN SOI4 'APEKRINAMHN
'OUDEN "OIO$-T'-'HSQA, 'ALL' 'EDEOU DIHGHSEW$. 'EA=N MEN-'OUN-KAI


<P 466A>
'EGW SOU4 'APOKRINOMENOU MH 'ECW3 "OTI2 CRHSWMAI, 'APOTEINE
KAI SU LOGON, 'EA=N DE 'ECW3, 'EA2 ME CRHSQAI; DIKAION GAR. KAI
NU*N TAUTHI THI 'APOKRISEI 'EI TI 'ECEI$ CRHSQAI, CRW5.
PWL _ TI= 'OUN FH=I$: KOLAKEIA DOKEI0 SOI4 'EINAI "H
"RHTORIKH:
SW _ KOLAKEIA$ MEN-'OUN 'EGWGE 'EIPON MORION. 'ALL'
'OU MNHMONEUEI$ THLIKOUTO$ 'WN, 'W* PWLE: TI= TACA
DRASEI$:
PWL _ 'A*R'-'OUN DOKOUSI0 SOI4 "W$ KOLAKE$ 'EN TAI$ POLESI
FAULOI NOMIZESQAI "OI 'AGAQOI "RHTORE$:
<P 466B>
SW _ 'ERWTHMA TOUT' 'ERWTA*I$0 'H= LOGOU TINO$ 'ARCHN LEGEI$:
PWL _ 'ERWTW0 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'OUDE NOMIZESQAI 'EMOIGE DOKOUSIN0.
PWL _ PW*$ 'OU NOMIZESQAI: 'OU MEGISTON DUNANTAI 'EN TAI$
POLESIN:
SW _ 'OU=K 'EI TO DUNASQAI GE LEGEI$ 'AGAQON TI 'EINAI TW*I
DUNAMENWI.
PWL _ 'ALLA=-MEN-DH LEGW0 GE.
SW _ 'ELACISTON TOINUN MOI DOKOUSI0 TWN 'EN THI POLEI
DUNASQAI "OI "RHTORE$.
PWL _ TI= DE: 'OUC, "WSPER "OI TURANNOI, 'APOKTEINUASIN TE
<P 466C>
"ON 'AN4 BOULWNTAI, KAI 'AFAIROUNTAI CRHMATA KAI 'EKBALLOUSIN0
'EK TWN POLEWN "ON 'AN4 DOKHI5 'AUTOI$:
SW _ NH TON KUNA, 'AMFIGNOW0 MENTOI, 'W* PWLE, 'EF' "EKASTOU
"WN LEGEI$ POTERON 'AUTO$ TAUTA LEGEI$ KAI GNWMHN SAUTOU
'APOFAINHI0, 'H= 'EME 'ERWTA*I$0.
PWL _ 'ALL' 'EGWGE SE 'ERWTW0.
SW _ 'EIEN, 'W* FILE; 'EPEITA DUO "AMA ME 'ERWTA*I$0:
PWL _ PW*$ DUO:
SW _ 'OUK 'ARTI "OUTW PW$ 'ELEGE$; 'H* 'OUCI 'APOKTEINUASIN
<P 466D>
"OI "RHTORE$ "OU$ 'AN4 BOULWNTAI, "WSPER "OI TURANNOI, KAI CRHMATA
'AFAIROUNTAI KAI 'EXELAUNOUSIN0 'EK TWN POLEWN "ON 'AN4 DOKHI5
'AUTOI$:
PWL _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ LEGW0 TOINUN SOI4 "OTI4 DUO TAUT' 'ESTIN TA 'ERWTHMATA,
KAI 'APOKRINOUMAI GE SOI4 PRO$ 'AMFO=TERA. FHMI GAR, 'W*
PWLE, 'EGW KAI TOU$ "RHTORA$ KAI TOU$ TURANNOU$ DUNASQAI
MEN 'EN TAI$ POLESIN SMIKROTATON, "WSPER NUNDH 'ELEGON; 'OUDEN
<P 466E>
GAR POIEIN "WN BOULONTAI "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN, POIEIN MENTOI "OTI2
'AN4 'AUTOI$ DOXHI6 BELTISTON 'EINAI.
PWL _ 'OU=KOUN TOUTO 'ESTIN TO MEGA DUNASQAI:
SW _ 'OU=C, "W$ GE FHSIN PWLO$.
PWL _ 'EGW 'OU FHMI: FHMI MEN-'OUN 'EGWGE.
SW _ MA TON % 'OU SU GE, 'EPEI TO MEGA DUNASQAI FH=I$
'AGAQON 'EINAI TW*I DUNAMENWI.
PWL _ FHMI GAR-'OUN.
SW _ 'AGAQON 'OUN 'OIEI 'EINAI, 'EA=N TI$ POIHI5 TAUTA "A 'AN4
DOKHI5 'AUTWI BELTISTA 'EINAI, NOUN MH 'ECWN: KAI TOUTO KALEI$0
SU MEGA DUNASQAI:
PWL _ 'OUK 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'APODEIXEI$ TOU$ "RHTORA$ NOUN 'ECONTA$ KAI


<P 467A>
TECNHN THN "RHTORIKHN 'ALLA= MH KOLAKEIAN, 'EME 'EXELEGXA$: 'EI
DE ME 'EASEI$ 'ANELEGKTON, "OI "RHTORE$ "OI POIOUNTE$ 'EN TAI$
POLESIN "A DOKEI0 'AUTOI$ KAI "OI TURANNOI 'OUDEN 'AGAQON TOUTO
KEKTHSONTAI. "H DE DUNAMI$ 'ESTIN, "W$ SU FH=I$, 'AGAQON, TO
DE POIEIN 'ANEU NOU "A DOKEI0 KAI SU "OMOLOGEI$ KAKON 'EINAI;
'H= 'OU=:
PWL _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ PW*$ 'AN4 'OUN "OI "RHTORE$ MEGA DUNAINTO 'H= "OI TURANNOI
'EN TAI$ POLESIN, 'EA=N MH SWKRATH$ 'EXELEGCQHI "UPO PWLOU "OTI4
POIOUSIN0 "A BOULONTAI:
<P 467B>
PWL _ "OUTO$ 'ANHR %
SW _ 'OU FHMI POIEIN 'AUTOU$ "A BOULONTAI; 'ALLA= M' 'ELEGCE.
PWL _ 'OUK 'ARTI "WMOLOGEI$ POIEIN "A DOKEI0 'AUTOI$ BELTISTA
'EINAI TOUTOU8 PROSQEN8:
SW _ KAI-GAR NU*N "OMOLOGW0.
PWL _ 'OUK-'OUN POIOUSIN0 "A BOULONTAI:
SW _ 'OU FHMI.
PWL _ POIOUNTE$ "A DOKEI0 'AUTOI$:
SW _ FHMI.
PWL _ SCE=TLIA GE LEGEI$ KAI "UPERFUH, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ MH KAKHGOREI5, 'W* LWISTE PWLE, "INA PROSEIPW4 SE
<P 467C>
KATA SE; 'ALL' 'EI MEN 'ECEI$ 'EME 'ERWTAN, 'EPIDEIXON2 "OTI4
YEUDOMAI, 'EI DE MH, 'AUTO$ 'APOKRINOU.
PWL _ 'ALL' 'EQELW0 'APOKRINESQAI, "INA KAI 'EIDW3 "OTI2
LEGEI$.
SW _ POTERON 'OUN SOI4 DOKOUSIN0 "OI 'ANQRWPOI TOUTO BOULESQAI
"O= 'AN4 PRATTWSIN "EKASTOTE, 'H= 'EKEINO "OU2 "ENEKA PRATTOUSIN0
TOUQ' "O= PRATTOUSIN0: "OION "OI TA FARMAKA PINONTE$
PARA TWN 'IATRWN POTERON SOI4 DOKOUSIN0 TOUTO BOULESQAI
"OPER POIOUSIN0, PINEIN TO FARMAKON KAI 'ALGEIN, 'H= 'EKEINO,
TO "UGIAINEIN "OU2 "ENEKA PINOUSIN0: PWL _ DHLON "OTI4 TO
<P 467D>
"UGIAINEIN. SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI "OI PLEONTE$ TE-KAI TON 'ALLON
CRHMATISMON CRHMATIZOMENOI 'OU TOUTO 'ESTIN "O= BOULONTAI, "O=
POIOUSIN0 "EKASTOTE % TI=$ GAR BOULETAI PLEIN TE-KAI KINDUNEUEIN
KAI PRAGMAT' 'ECEIN?& 'ALL' 'EKEINO 'OIMAI "OU2 "ENEKA
PLEOUSIN0, PLOUTEIN; PLOUTOU GAR "ENEKA PLEOUSIN0. PWL _
PANU GE. SW _ 'ALLO TI 'OUN "OUTW KAI PERI= PANTWN: 'EA=N TI$
TI PRATTHI5 "ENEKA TOU, 'OU TOUTO BOULETAI "O= PRATTEI0, 'ALL' 'EKEINO
<P 467E>
"OU2 "ENEKA PRATTEI0: PWL _ NAI. SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN 'ESTIN TI TWN
'ONTWN0 "O= 'OUCI 'HTOI 'AGAQON G' 'ESTIN 'H= KAKON 'H= METAXU TOUTWN,
'OUTE 'AGAQON 'OUTE KAKON: PWL _ POLLH 'ANAGKH, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N LEGEI$ 'EINAI 'AGAQON MEN SOFIAN TE-KAI
"UGIEIAN KAI PLOUTON KAI 'TALLA TA TOIAUTA, KAKA DE 'TANANTIA
TOUTWN: PWL _ 'EGWGE. SW _ TA DE-MHTE 'AGAQA MHTE
KAKA 'A*RA TOIADE LEGEI$, "A 'ENIOTE MEN METECEI0 TOU* 'AGAQOU,


<P 468A>
'ENIOTE DE TOU* KAKOU, 'ENIOTE DE 'OUDETEROU, "OION KAQHSQAI KAI
BADIZEIN KAI TRECEIN KAI PLEIN, KAI "OION 'AU LIQOU$ KAI XULA
KAI 'TALLA TA TOIAUTA: 'OU TAUTA LEGEI$: 'H= 'A=LL'0 'ATTA KALEI$0
TA MHTE 'AGAQA MHTE KAKA: PWL _ 'OU=K, 'ALLA= TAUTA.
SW _ POTERON 'OUN TA METAXU TAUTA "ENEKEN TWN 'AGAQWN PRATTOUSIN0
"OTAN PRATTWSIN, 'H= 'TAGAQA TWN METAXU: PWL _ TA
<P 468B>
METAXU DHPOU TWN 'AGAQWN. SW _ TO 'AGAQON 'A=RA DIWKONTE$
KAI BADIZOMEN "OTAN BADIZWMEN, 'OIOMENOI BELTION 'EINAI, KAI
TO 'ENANTION "ESTAMEN "OTAN "ESTWMEN, TOU* 'AUTOU4 "ENEKA, TOU*
'AGAQOU; 'H= 'OU=: PWL _ NAI. SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'APOKTEINUMEN,
'EI TIN' 'APOKTEINUMEN, KAI 'EKBALLOMEN KAI 'AFAIROUMEQA
CRHMATA, 'OIOMENOI 'AMEINON 'EINAI "HMIN TAUTA POIEIN 'H= MH:
PWL _ PANU GE. SW _ "ENEK' 'A=RA TOU* 'AGAQOU "APANTA
TAUTA POIOUSIN0 "OI POIOUNTE$. PWL _ FHMI. SW _ 'OUKOU*N
"WMOLOGHSAMEN, "A "ENEKA TOU POIOUMEN, MH 'EKEINA BOULESQAI,
<P 468C>
'ALL' 'EKEINO "OU2 "ENEKA TAUTA POIOUMEN: PWL _ MALISTA.
SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA SFATTEIN BOULOMEQA 'OUD' 'EKBALLEIN 'EK TWN
POLEWN 'OUDE CRHMATA 'AFAIREISQAI "APLW$ "OUTW$, 'ALL' 'EA=N
MEN 'WFELIMA 'HI TAUTA, BOULOMEQA PRATTEIN 'AUTA, BLABERA
DE 'ONTA 'OU BOULOMEQA. TA GAR 'AGAQA BOULOMEQA, "W$ FH=I$
SU, TA DE-MHTE 'AGAQA MHTE KAKA 'OU BOULOMEQA, 'OUDE TA
KAKA. 'H*-GAR: 'ALHQH SOI4 DOKW0 LEGEIN, 'W* PWLE, 'H= 'OU=: TI=
'OUK 'APOKRINHI0: PWL _ 'ALHQH.
<P 468D>
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EIPER TAUTA "OMOLOGOUMEN, 'EI TI$ 'APOKTEINEI0
TINA 'H= 'EKBALLEI0 'EK POLEW$ 'H= 'AFAIREITAI CRHMATA, 'EI=TE
TURANNO$ 'WN 'EI=TE "RHTWR, 'OIOMENO$ 'AMEINON 'EINAI 'AUTWI, TUGCANEI0
DE 'ON KAKION, "OUTO$ DHPOU POIEI0 "A DOKEI0 'AUTWI; 'H*-GAR:
PWL _ NAI. SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN-KAI "A BOULETAI, 'EIPER TUGCANEI0
TAUTA KAKA 'ONTA: TI= 'OUK 'APOKRINHI0: PWL _ 'ALL' 'OU MOI
DOKEI0 POIEIN "A BOULETAI. SW _ 'ESTIN 'OUN "OPW$ "O TOIOUTO$
<P 468E>
MEGA DUNATAI 'EN THI POLEI TAUTHI, 'EIPER 'ESTI TO MEGA DUNASQAI
'AGAQON TI KATA THN SHN "OMOLOGIAN: PWL _ 'OUK
'ESTIN. SW _ 'ALHQH 'A=RA 'EGW 'ELEGON, LEGWN "OTI4 'ESTIN2 'ANQRWPON
POIOUNTA 'EN POLEI "A DOKEI0 'AUTWI MH MEGA DUNASQAI
MHDE POIEIN "A BOULETAI.
PWL _ "W$ DH SU, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUK 'AN4 DEXAIO 'EXEINAI
SOI4 POIEIN "OTI2 DOKEI0 SOI4 'EN THI POLEI MALLON 'H= MH, 'OUDE
ZHLOI$0 "OTAN 'IDHI$ TINA 'H= 'APOKTEINANTA "ON 'EDOXEN 'AUTWI 'H=
'AFELOMENON CRHMATA 'H= DHSANTA.
SW _ DIKAIW$ LEGEI$ 'H= 'ADIKW$:


<P 469A>
PWL _ "OPO=TER' 'AN4 POIHI5, 'OUK 'AMFOTERW$ ZHLWTON 'ESTIN:
SW _ 'EUFHMEI5, 'W* PWLE.
PWL _ TI= DH:
SW _ "OTI4 'OU CRH 'OUTE TOU$ 'AZHLWTOU$ ZHLOUN0 'OUTE TOU$
'AQLIOU$, 'ALL' 'ELEEIN.
PWL _ TI= DE: "OUTW SOI4 DOKEI0 'ECEIN PERI= "WN 'EGW LEGW0
TWN 'ANQRWPWN:
SW _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
PWL _ "OSTI$ 'OUN 'APOKTEINUSIN0 "ON 'AN4 DOXHI6 'AUTWI, DIKAIW$
'APOKTEINU$, 'AQLIO$ DOKEI0 SOI4 'EINAI KAI 'ELEEINO$:
SW _ 'OUK 'EMOIGE, 'OUDE-MENTOI ZHLWTO$.
PWL _ 'OUK 'ARTI 'AQLION 'EFHSQA 'EINAI:
<P 469B>
SW _ TON 'ADIKW$ GE, 'W* "ETAIRE, 'APOKTEINANTA, KAI 'ELEEINON
GE PRO$; TON DE DIKAIW$ 'AZHLWTON.
PWL _ 'H*-POU "O GE 'APOQNHISKWN 'ADIKW$ 'ELEEINO$ TE-KAI
'AQLIO$ 'ESTIN.
SW _ "HTTON 'H= "O 'APOKTEINU$, 'W* PWLE, KAI "HTTON 'H= "O
DIKAIW$ 'APOQNHISKWN.
PWL _ PW*$ DHTA, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW _ "OUTW$ "W$ MEGISTON TWN KAKWN TUGCANEI0 'ON TO
'ADIKEIN.
PWL _ 'H*-GAR TOUTO MEGISTON: 'OU TO 'ADIKEISQAI MEIZON:
SW _ "HKISTA GE.
PWL _ SU 'A=RA BOULOIO 'AN4 'ADIKEISQAI MALLON 'H= 'ADIKEIN:
<P 469C>
SW _ BOULOIMHN MEN 'AN4 'EGWGE 'OUDE=TERA; 'EI D' 'ANAGKAION 'EIH
'ADIKEIN 'H= 'ADIKEISQAI, "ELOIMHN 'AN4 MALLON 'ADIKEISQAI 'H= 'ADIKEIN.
PWL _ SU 'A=RA TURANNEIN 'OUK 'AN4 DEXAIO:
SW _ 'OU=K, 'EI TO TURANNEIN GE LEGEI$ "OPER 'EGW.
PWL _ 'ALL' 'EGWGE TOUTO LEGW0 "OPER 'ARTI, 'EXEINAI 'EN THI
POLEI, "O= 'AN4 DOKHI5 'AUTWI, POIEIN TOUTO, KAI 'APOKTEINUNTI KAI
'EKBALLONTI KAI PANTA PRATTONTI KATA THN 'AUTOU4 DOXAN.
SW _ 'W* MAKARIE, 'EMOU4 DH LEGONTO$ TW*I8 LOGWI8 'EPILABOU.
<P 469D>
'EI GAR 'EGW 'EN 'AGORA*I PLHQOUSHI LABWN "UPO MALH$ 'EGCEIRIDION
LEGOIMI PRO$ SE "OTI4 'W* PWLE, 'EMOI4 DUNAMI$ TI$ KAI
TURANNI$ QAUMASI=A 'ARTI PROSGEGONEN0; 'EA=N GE-'A=RA 'EMOI4
DOXHI6 TINA TOUTWNI TWN 'ANQRWPWN "WN SU "ORA*I$0 'AUTIKA MALA
DEIN TEQNANAI, TEQNHXEI "OUTO$ "ON 'AN4 DOXHI6; 'KAN2 TINA DOXHI6 MOI
TH$ KEFALH$ 'AUTWN KATEAGENAI DEIN, KATEAGW$-'ESTAI 'AUTIKA
MALA, 'KAN2 QOIMATION DIESCISQAI, DIESCISMENON-'ESTAI; "OUTW
<P 469E>
MEGA 'EGW DUNAMAI 'EN THIDE THI POLEI, 'EI 'OUN 'APISTOUNTI SOI4
DEIXAIMI TO 'EGCEIRIDION, 'ISW$ 'AN4 'EIPOI$ 'IDWN "OTI4 'W* SWKRATE$,
"OUTW MEN PANTE$ 'AN4 MEGA DUNAINTO, 'EPEI 'KAN4 'EMPRHSQEIH
'OIKIA TOUTWI TW*I TROPWI "HNTINA SOI4 DOKOI, KAI TA GE
'AQHNAIWN NEWRIA KAI TRIHREI$ KAI TA PLOIA PANTA KAI TA
DHMO=SIA KAI TA 'I=DIA; 'ALL'-'OUK-'A=RA TOUT' 'ESTIN TO MEGA
DUNASQAI, TO POIEIN "A DOKEI0 'AUTWI; 'H= DOKEI0 SOI4:
PWL _ 'OU-DHTA "OUTW GE.


<P 470A>
SW _ 'ECEI$ 'OUN 'EIPEIN DI' "OTI2 MEMFHI0 THN TOIAUTHN
DUNAMIN:
PWL _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ TI= DH: LEGE.
PWL _ "OTI4 'ANAGKAION TON "OUTW PRATTONTA ZHMIOUSQAI
'ESTIN.
SW _ TO DE ZHMIOUSQAI 'OU KAKON:
PWL _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'W* QAUMASIE, TO8 MEGA8 DUNASQAI8 PALIN 'AU
SOI4 FAINETAI, 'EA=N MEN PRATTONTI "A DOKEI0 "EPHTAI TO 'WFELIMW$
PRATTEIN, 'AGAQON TE 'EINAI, KAI TOUTO, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'ESTIN
TO MEGA DUNASQAI; 'EI DE MH, KAKON, KAI SMIKRON DUNASQAI.
<P 470B>
SKEYWMEQA DE-KAI TODE; 'ALLO TI "OMOLOGOUMEN 'ENIOTE MEN
'AMEINON 'EINAI TAUTA POIEIN "A NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN, 'APOKTEINUNAI TE-KAI
'EXELAUNEIN 'ANQRWPOU$ KAI 'AFAIREISQAI CRHMATA, 'ENIOTE
DE 'OU=:
PWL _ PANU GE.
SW _ TOUTO MEN-DH, "W$ 'EOIKE0, KAI PARA SOU4 KAI PAR'
'EMOU4 "OMOLOGEITAI.
PWL _ NAI.
SW _ PO=TE 'OUN SU FH=I$ 'AMEINON 'EINAI TAUTA POIEIN: 'EIPE=
TI=NA "ORON "ORIZHI0.
PWL _ SU MEN-'OUN 'W* SWKRATE$, 'APOKRINAI2 'TAUTO8 TOUTO.
<P 470C>
SW _ 'EGW MEN-TOINUN FHMI, 'W* PWLE, 'EI SOI4 PAR' 'EMOU4
"HDION 'ESTIN 'AKOUEIN, "OTAN MEN DIKAIW$ TI$ TAUTA POIHI5,
'AMEINON 'EINAI, "OTAN DE 'ADIKW$, KAKION.
PWL _ CALEPON GE SE 'ELEGXAI0, 'W* SWKRATE$; 'ALL' 'OUCI
'KAN4 PAI$ SE 'ELEGXEIEN "OTI4 'OUK 'ALHQH LEGEI$:
SW _ POLLHN 'A=RA 'EGW TW*I PAIDI CARIN "EXW2, 'ISHN DE-KAI
SOI4, 'EA=N ME 'ELEGXHI$ KAI 'APALLAXHI$ FLUARIA$. 'ALLA= MH
KAMHI$ FILON 'ANDRA 'EUERGETWN, 'ALL' 'ELEGCE.
PWL _ 'ALLA=-MHN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUDEN GE SE DEI PALAIOI$
<P 470D>
PRAGMASIN 'ELEGCEIN; TA GAR CQE$ KAI PRWHN GEGONOTA TAUTA
"IKANA SE 'EXELEGXAI0 'ESTIN KAI 'APODEIXAI0 "W$ POLLOI 'ADIKOUNTE$
'ANQRWPOI 'EUDAIMONE$ 'EISIN.
SW _ TA POI*A TAUTA:
PWL _ 'ARCELAON DHPOU TOUTON TON PERDIKKOU "ORA*I$0
'ARCONTA MAKEDONIA$:
SW _ 'EI DE MH, 'ALL' 'AKOUW0 GE.
PWL _ 'EUDAIMWN 'OUN SOI4 DOKEI0 'EINAI 'H= 'AQLIO$:
SW _ 'OUK 'OIDA, 'W* PWLE; 'OU-GAR PW SUGGEGONA TW*I 'ANDRI.
<P 470E>
PWL _ TI= DE: SUGGENOMENO$ 'AN4 GNOIH$, 'ALLW$ DE 'AUTOQEN
'OU GIGNWSKEI$ "OTI4 'EUDAIMONEI0:
SW _ MA DI=' 'OU-DHTA.
PWL _ DHLON DH, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OTI4 'OUDE TON MEGAN BASILEA
GIGNWSKEIN FHSEI$ 'EUDAIMONA 'ONTA.
SW _ KAI 'ALHQH GE 'ERW2; 'OU-GAR 'OIDA PAIDEIA$ "OPW$ 'ECEI0
KAI DIKAIOSUNH$.
PWL _ TI= DE: 'EN TOUTWI "H PASA 'EUDAIMONIA 'ESTIN:
SW _ "W$ GE 'EGW LEGW0, 'W* PWLE; TON MEN-GAR KALON
'KAGAQON 'ANDRA KAI GUNAIKA 'EUDAIMONA 'EINAI FHMI, TON DE
'ADIKON KAI PONHRON 'AQLION.


<P 471A>
PWL _ 'AQLIO$ 'A=RA "OUTO$ 'ESTIN "O 'ARCELAO$ KATA TON
SON LOGON:
SW _ 'EIPER GE, 'W* FILE, 'ADIKO$.
PWL _ 'ALLA=-MEN-DH PW*$ 'OUK 'ADIKO$: "WI GE PROSHKE2 MEN
TH$ 'ARCH$ 'OUDEN "HN NU*N 'ECEI0, 'ONTI 'EK GUNAIKO$ "H=4 'H*N DOULH
'ALKETOU TOU* PERDIKKOU 'ADELFOU, KAI KATA MEN TO DIKAION
DOULO$ 'H*N 'ALKETOU, KAI 'EI 'EBOULETO TA DI=KAIA POIEIN, 'EDOULEUEN
'AN4 'ALKETHI KAI 'H*N 'EUDAIMWN KATA TON SON LOGON.
NU*N DE QAUMASIW$ "W$ 'AQLIO$ GEGONEN0, 'EPEI TA MEGISTA 'HDIKHKEN0;
<P 471B>
"O$4 GE PRWTON MEN TOUTON 'AUTON TON DESPOTHN KAI
QEION METAPEMYAMENO$ "W$ 'APODWSWN THN 'ARCHN "HN PERDIKKA$
'AUTON 'AFEILETO, XENISA$ KAI KATAMEQUSA$ 'AUTON TE-KAI TON
"UON 'AUTOU4 'ALEXANDRON, 'ANEYION "AUTOU, SCEDON "HLIKIWTHN,
'EMBALWN2 'EI$ "AMAXAN, NUKTWR 'EXAGAGWN 'APESFAXEN TE-KAI
'HFANISEN 'AMFOTEROU$. KAI TAUTA 'ADIKHSA$ 'ELAQEN "EAUTON
'AQLIWTATO$ GENOMENO$ KAI 'OU METEMELHSEN 'AUTWI, 'ALL' 'OLIGON
<P 471C>
"USTERON TON 'ADELFON, TON GNHSION TON8 PERDIKKOU "UON, PAIDA
"W$ "EPTETH, "OU2 "H 'ARCH 'EGIGNETO KATA TO DIKAION, 'OUK 'EBOULHQH
'EUDAIMWN GENESQAI DIKAIW$ 'EKQREYA$ KAI 'APODOU$ THN
'ARCHN 'EKEINWI 'ALL' 'EI$ FREAR 'EMBALWN2 KAI 'APOPNIXA$ PRO$
THN MHTERA 'AUTOU4 KLEOPATRAN CHNA 'EFH DIWKONTA 'EMPESEIN
KAI 'APOQANEIN. TOIGARTOI NU*N "ATE MEGISTA 'HDIKHKW$ TWN
'EN MAKEDONIA\, 'AQLIWTATO$ 'ESTIN PANTWN MAKEDONWN, 'ALL'
'OUK 'EUDAIMONESTATO$, KAI 'ISW$ 'ESTIN "OSTI$ 'AQHNAIWN 'APO SOU4
<P 471D>
'ARXAMENO$ DEXAIT' 'AN4 'ALLO$ "OSTISOUN MAKEDONWN GENESQAI
MALLON 'H= 'ARCELAO$.
SW _ KAI KAT' 'ARCA$ TWN LOGWN, 'W* PWLE, 'EGWGE SE
'EPHINESA "OTI4 MOI DOKEI$ 'EU PRO$ THN "RHTORIKHN PEPAIDEUSQAI %
TOU* DE DIALEGESQAI 'HMELHKENAI; KAI NU*N 'ALLO TI "OUTO$ 'ESTIN
"O LOGO$, "WI ME KAI 'AN4 PAI$ 'EXELEGXEIE, KAI 'EGW "UPO SOU4 NU*N,
"W$ SU 'OIEI, 'EXELHLEGMAI TOUTWI TW*I LOGWI, FASKWN TON 'ADIKOUNTA
'OUK 'EUDAIMONA 'EINAI: PO=QEN, 'WGAQE: KAI-MHN 'OUDEN GE
SOI4 TOUTWN "OMOLOGW0 "WN SU FH=I$.
<P 471E>
PWL _ 'OU-GAR 'EQELEI$, 'EPEI DOKEI0 GE SOI4 "W$ 'EGW LEGW0.
SW _ 'W* MAKARIE, "RHTORIKW$ GAR ME 'EPICEIREI$ 'ELEGCEIN,
"WSPER "OI 'EN TOI$ DIKASTHRIOI$ "HGOUMENOI 'ELEGCEIN. KAI-GAR
'EKEI "OI "ETEROI TOU$ "ETEROU$ DOKOUSIN0 'ELEGCEIN, 'EPEIDAN TWN
LOGWN "WN 'AN4 LEGWSI MARTURA$ POLLOU$ PARECWNTAI KAI
'EUDOKIMOU$, "O DE 'TANANTIA LEGWN "ENA TINA PARECHTAI 'H=
MHDENA. "OUTO$ DE "O 'ELEGCO$ 'OUDENO$ 'AXIO$ 'ESTIN PRO$ THN


<P 472A>
'ALHQEIAN; 'ENIOTE GAR 'AN4 KAI KATAYEUDOMARTURHQEIH TI$ "UPO
POLLWN KAI DOKOUNTWN0 'EINAI TI. KAI NU*N PERI= "WN SU LEGEI$
'OLIGOU SOI4 PANTE$ SUMFHSOUSIN2 'TAUTA 'AQHNAIOI KAI "OI XENOI,
'EA=N BOULHI3 KAT' 'EMOU4 MARTURA$ PARASCESQAI "W$ 'OUK 'ALHQH
LEGW0; MARTURHSOUSI2 SOI4, 'EA=N MEN BOULHI3, NIKIA$ "O NIKHRATOU
KAI "OI 'ADELFOI MET' 'AUTOU4, "WN "OI TRIPODE$ "OI 'EFEXH$
"ESTWTE$ 'EISIN 'EN TW*I DIONUSIWI 'EA=N DE BOULHI3, 'ARISTOKRATH$
<P 472B>
"O SKELLIOU, "OU2 'AU 'ESTIN 'EN PUQIOU TOUTO TO KALON 'ANAQHMA,
'EA=N DE BOULHI3, "H PERIKLEOU$ "OLH 'OIKIA 'H= 'ALLH SUGGENEIA
"HNTINA 'AN4 BOULHI3 TWN 'ENQADE 'EKLEXASQAI. 'ALL' 'EGW SOI4 "EI$
'WN 'OUC "OMOLOGW0; 'OU-GAR ME SU 'ANAGKAZEI$, 'ALLA= YEUDOMARTURA$
POLLOU$ KAT' 'EMOU4 PARASCOMENO$ 'EPICEIREI$ 'EKBALLEIN
ME 'EK TH$ 'OUSIA$ KAI TOU* 'ALHQOU$. 'EGW DE 'AN2 MH SE
'AUTON "ENA 'ONTA MARTURA PARASCWMAI "OMOLOGOUNTA PERI= "WN
LEGW0, 'OUDEN 'OIMAI 'AXION LOGOU MOI PEPERANQAI PERI= "WN 'AN4
<P 472C>
"HMIN "O LOGO$ 'HI; 'OIMAI DE-'OUDE SOI4, 'EA=N MH 'EGW SOI4 MARTURW3 "EI$
'WN MONO$, TOU$ D' 'ALLOU$ PANTA$ TOUTOU$ CAIREIN 'EA*I$2. 'ESTIN
MEN-'OUN "OUTO$ TI$ TROPO$ 'ELEGCOU, "W$ SU TE 'OIEI KAI 'ALLOI
POLLOI; 'ESTIN DE-KAI 'ALLO$, "ON 'EGW 'AU 'OIMAI. PARABALONTE$
'OUN PAR' 'ALLHLOU$ SKEYWMEQA 'EI TI DIOISOUSIN2 'ALLHLWN.
KAI-GAR TUGCANEI0 PERI= "WN 'AMFISBHTOUMEN 'OU PANU
SMIKRA 'ONTA, 'ALLA= SCEDON TI TAUTA PERI= "WN 'EIDENAI TE
KALLISTON MH 'EIDENAI TE 'AISCISTON; TO GAR KEFALAION 'AUTWN
'ESTIN 'H= GIGNWSKEIN 'H= 'AGNOEIN "OSTI$ TE 'EUDAIMWN 'ESTIN KAI
<P 472D>
"OSTI$ MH. 'AUTIKA PRWTON, PERI= "OU2 NU*N "O LOGO$ 'ESTIN, SU
"HGHI0 "OION-TE-'EINAI MAKARION 'ANDRA 'ADIKOUNTA TE-KAI 'ADIKON
'ONTA, 'EIPER 'ARCELAON 'ADIKON MEN "HGHI0 'EINAI, 'EUDAIMONA DE.
'ALLO TI "W$ "OUTW SOU4 NOMIZONTO$ DIANOWMEQA:
PWL _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'EGW DE FHMI 'ADUNATON. "EN MEN TOUTI 'AMFISBHTOUMEN.
'EIEN; 'ADIKWN DE-DH 'EUDAIMWN 'ESTAI; 'A*R' 'AN2 TUGCANHI5
DIKH$ TE-KAI TIMWRIA$:
PWL _ "HKISTA GE, 'EPEI "OUTW G' 'AN4 'AQLIWTATO$ 'EIH.
<P 472E>
SW _ 'ALL' 'EA=N 'A=RA MH TUGCANHI5 DIKH$ "O 'ADIKWN, KATA TON
SON LOGON 'EUDAIMWN 'ESTAI:
PWL _ FHMI.
SW _ KATA DE-GE THN 'EMHN DOXAN, 'W* PWLE, "O 'ADIKWN TE-KAI
"O 'ADIKO$ PANTW$ MEN 'AQLIO$, 'AQLIWTERO$ MENTOI 'EA=N MH
DIDWI0 DIKHN MHDE TUGCANHI5 TIMWRIA$ 'ADIKWN, "HTTON DE 'AQLIO$
'EA=N DIDWI0 DIKHN KAI TUGCANHI5 DIKH$ "UPO QEWN TE-KAI 'ANQRWPWN.


<P 473A>
PWL _ 'ATOPA GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EPICEIREI$ LEGEIN.
SW _ PEIRASOMAI DE-GE-KAI SE POIHSAI0, 'W* "ETAIRE, 'TAUTA
'EMOI4 LEGEIN; FILON GAR SE "HGOUMAI. NU*N MEN-'OUN "A DIAFEROMEQA
TAUT' 'ESTIN; SKOPEI5 DE-KAI SU. 'EIPON 'EGW POU 'EN
TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN TO 'ADIKEIN TOU* 'ADIKEISQAI KAKION 'EINAI.
PWL _ PANU GE.
SW _ SU DE TO 'ADIKEISQAI.
PWL _ NAI.
SW _ KAI TOU$ 'ADIKOUNTA$ 'AQLIOU$ 'EFHN 'EINAI 'EGW, KAI
'EXHLEGCQHN "UPO SOU4.
PWL _ NAI MA DI=A.
<P 473B>
SW _ "W$ SU 'OIEI, 'W* PWLE.
PWL _ 'ALHQH GE 'OIOMENO$.
SW _ 'ISW$. SU DE-GE 'EUDAIMONA$ 'AU TOU$ 'ADIKOUNTA$, 'EA=N
MH DIDWSI2 DIKHN.
PWL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'EGW DE 'AUTOU$ 'AQLIWTATOU$ FHMI, TOU$ DE
DIDONTA$ DIKHN "HTTON. BOULEI KAI TOUTO 'ELEGCEIN:
PWL _ 'ALL' 'ETI TOUT' 'EKEINOU CALEPWTERON 'ESTIN, 'W*
SWKRATE$, 'EXELEGXAI0.
SW _ 'OU-DHTA, 'W* PWLE, 'ALL' 'ADUNATON; TO GAR 'ALHQE$
'OUDEPOTE 'ELEGCETAI.
PWL _ PW*$ LEGEI$: 'EA=N 'ADIKWN 'ANQRWPO$ LHFQHI, TURANNIDI
<P 473C>
'EPIBOULEUWN, KAI LHFQEI$ STREBLWTAI KAI 'EKTEMNHTAI
KAI TOU$ 'OFQALMOU$ 'EKKAHTAI, KAI 'ALLA$ POLLA$ KAI MEGALA$
KAI PANTODAPA$ LWBA$ 'AUTO$ TE LWBHQEI$ KAI TOU$ "AUTOU
'EPIDWN PAIDA$ TE-KAI GUNAIKA TO 'ESCATON 'ANASTAURWQHI 'H=
KATAPITTWQHI, "OUTO$ 'EUDAIMONESTERO$ 'ESTAI 'H= 'EA=N DIAFUGWN
TURANNO$ KATASTHI6 KAI 'ARCWN 'EN THI POLEI DIABIWI2 POIW*N "OTI2
'AN4 BOULHTAI, ZHLWTO$ 'WN KAI 'EUDAIMONIZOMENO$ "UPO TWN
<P 473D>
POLITWN KAI TWN 'ALLWN XENWN: TAUTA LEGEI$ 'ADUNATON 'EINAI
'EXELEGCEIN:
SW _ MORMOLUTTHI0 'AU, 'W* GENNAIE PWLE, KAI 'OUK 'ELEGCEI$;
'ARTI DE 'EMARTUROU. "OMW$ DE "UPOMNHSON2 ME SMIKRON. 'EA=N
'ADIKW$ 'EPIBOULEUWN TURANNIDI 'EIPE$:
PWL _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'EUDAIMONESTERO$ MEN-TOINUN 'OUDEPOTE 'ESTAI 'OUDETERO$
'AUTWN, 'OUTE "O KATEIRGASMENO$ THN TURANNIDA 'ADIKW$
'OUTE "O DIDOU$ DIKHN % DUOIN GAR 'AQLIOIN 'EUDAIMONESTERO$ MEN
<P 473E>
'OUK 'AN4 'EIH % 'AQLIWTERO$ MENTOI "O DIAFEUGWN KAI TURANNEUSA$.
TI= TOUTO, 'W* PWLE: GELA*I$0: 'ALLO 'AU TOUTO 'EIDO$ 'ELEGCOU
'ESTIN, 'EPEIDAN TI$ TI 'EIPHI6, KATAGELAN, 'ELEGCEIN DE MH:
PWL _ 'OUK 'OIEI 'EXELHLEGCQAI, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OTAN TOIAUTA
LEGHI$ "A 'OUDEI$ 'AN4 FHSEIEN 'ANQRWPWN: 'EPEI 'EROU TINA TOUTWNI.
SW _ 'W* PWLE, 'OUK 'EIMI TWN POLITIKWN, KAI PERUSI BOULEUEIN
LACWN, 'EPEIDH "H FULH 'EPRUTANEUE KAI 'EDEI ME 'EPIYHFIZEIN,


<P 474A>
GELWTA PAREICON KAI 'OUK 'HPISTAMHN 'EPIYHFIZEIN.
MH-'OUN-MHDE NU*N ME KELEUE 'EPIYHFIZEIN TOU$ PARONTA$, 'ALL'
'EI MH 'ECEI$ TOUTWN BELTIW 'ELEGCON, "OPER NUNDH 'EGW 'ELEGON,
'EMOI4 'EN TW*I MEREI PARADO$, KAI PEIRASAI2 TOU* 'ELEGCOU "OION 'EGW
'OIMAI DEIN 'EINAI. 'EGW GAR "WN 'AN4 LEGW3 "ENA MEN PARASCESQAI
MARTURA 'EPISTAMAI, 'AUTON PRO$ "ON 'AN4 MOI "O LOGO$ 'HI, TOU$ DE
POLLOU$ 'EW0 CAIREIN, KAI "ENA 'EPIYHFIZEIN 'EPISTAMAI, TOI$ DE
<P 474B>
POLLOI$ 'OUDE DIALEGOMAI. "ORA 'OUN 'EI 'EQELHSEI$ 'EN TW*I MEREI
DIDONAI 'ELEGCON 'APOKRINOMENO$ TA 'ERWTWMENA. 'EGW GAR-DH
'OIMAI KAI 'EME KAI SE KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ TO 'ADIKEIN
TOU* 'ADIKEISQAI KAKION "HGEISQAI KAI TO MH DIDONAI DIKHN TOU*
DIDONAI.
PWL _ 'EGW DE-GE-'OUT' 'EME 'OUT' 'ALLON 'ANQRWPWN 'OUDENA.
'EPEI SU DEXAI' 'AN4 MALLON 'ADIKEISQAI 'H= 'ADIKEIN:
SW _ KAI SU G' 'AN4 KAI "OI 'ALLOI PANTE$.
PWL _ POLLOU GE DEI0, 'ALL'-'OUT' 'EGW 'OUTE SU 'OUT' 'ALLO$
'OUDEI$.
<P 474C>
SW _ 'OU=KOUN 'APOKRINHI2:
PWL _ PANU MEN-'OUN; KAI-GAR 'EPIQUMW 'EIDENAI "OTI2 POT'
'EREI$2.
SW _ LEGE DH MOI, "IN' 'EIDHI$, "WSPER 'AN4 'EI 'EX 'ARCH$ SE
'HRWTWN; POTERON DOKEI0 SOI4, 'W* PWLE, KAKION 'EINAI, TO
'ADIKEIN 'H= TO 'ADIKEISQAI: PWL _ TO 'ADIKEISQAI 'EMOIGE.
SW _ TI= DE-DH: 'AISCION POTERON TO 'ADIKEIN 'H= TO 'ADIKEISQAI:
'APOKRINOU. PWL _ TO 'ADIKEIN. SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI KAKION,
'EIPER 'AISCION. PWL _ "HKISTA GE. SW _ MANQANW0; 'OU
<P 474D>
'TAUTON "HGHI0 SU, "W$ 'EOIKA$, KALON TE-KAI 'AGAQON, KAI KAKON
KAI 'AISCRON. PWL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ TI= DE TODE: TA KALA PANTA, "OION KAI SWMATA KAI
CRWMATA KAI SCHMATA KAI FWNA$ KAI 'EPITHDEUMATA, 'EI$
'OUDEN 'APOBLEPWN KALEI$0 "EKASTOTE KALA: "OION PRWTON TA
SWMATA TA KALA 'OUCI 'HTOI KATA THN CREIAN LEGEI$ KALA
'EINAI, PRO$ "O= 'AN4 "EKASTON CRHSIMON 'HI, PRO$ TOUTO, 'H= KATA
"HDONHN TINA, 'EA=N 'EN TW*I QEWREISQAI CAIREIN POIHI5 TOU$ QEWROUNTA$:
'ECEI$ TI 'EKTO$ TOUTWN LEGEIN PERI= SWMATO$ KALLOU$:
<P 474E>
PWL _ 'OUK 'ECW0. SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'TALLA PANTA
"OUTW KAI SCHMATA KAI CRWMATA 'H= DIA= "HDONHN TINA 'H= DIA=
'WFELIAN 'H= DI' 'AMFO=TERA KALA PROSAGOREUEI$: PWL _
'EGWGE. SW _ 'OU-KAI TA$ FWNA$ KAI TA KATA THN MOUSIKHN
PANTA "WSAUTW$: PWL _ NAI. SW _ KAI-MHN TA GE KATA
TOU$ NOMOU$ KAI TA 'EPITHDEUMATA 'OU DHPOU 'EKTO$ TOUTWN
'ESTIN, TA KALA, TOU* 'H= 'WFELIMA 'EINAI 'H= "HDEA 'H= 'AMFO=TERA.


<P 475A>
PWL _ 'OUK 'EMOIGE DOKEI0. SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TO TWN MAQHMATWN
KALLO$ "WSAUTW$: PWL _ PANU GE; KAI KALW$ GE
NU*N "ORIZHI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, "HDONHI TE-KAI 'AGAQWI "ORIZOMENO$ TO
KALON. SW _ 'OUKOU*N TO 'AISCRON TW*I 'ENANTIWI, LUPHI TE-KAI
KAKWI: PWL _ 'ANAGKH. SW _ "OTAN 'A=RA DUOIN KALOIN QATERON
KALLION 'HI, 'H= TW*I "ETERWI TOUTOIN 'H= 'AMFOTEROI$ "UPERBALLON
KALLION 'ESTIN, 'HTOI "HDONHI 'H= 'WFELIA\ 'H= 'AMFOTEROI$.
PWL _ PANU GE. SW _ KAI "OTAN DE-DH DUOIN 'AISCROIN TO
<P 475B>
"ETERON 'AISCION 'HI, 'HTOI LUPHI 'H= KAKWI "UPERBALLON 'AISCION
'ESTAI; 'H= 'OUK 'ANAGKH: PWL _ NAI.
SW _ FERE DH, PW*$ 'ELEGETO NUNDH PERI= TOU* 'ADIKEIN KAI
'ADIKEISQAI: 'OUK 'ELEGE$ TO MEN 'ADIKEISQAI KAKION 'EINAI, TO
DE 'ADIKEIN 'AISCION: PWL _ 'ELEGON. SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EIPER
'AISCION TO 'ADIKEIN TOU* 'ADIKEISQAI, 'HTOI LUPHROTERON 'ESTIN
KAI LUPHI "UPERBALLON 'AISCION 'AN4 'EIH 'H= KAKWI 'H= 'AMFOTEROI$:
'OU-KAI TOUTO 'ANAGKH: PWL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=: SW _ PRWTON
<P 475C>
MEN-DH SKEYWMEQA, 'A*RA LUPHI "UPERBALLEI0 TO 'ADIKEIN TOU*
'ADIKEISQAI, KAI 'ALGOUSI0 MALLON "OI 'ADIKOUNTE$ 'H= "OI 'ADIKOUMENOI:
PWL _ 'OUDAMW$, 'W* SWKRATE$, TOUTO GE. SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA
LUPHI GE "UPERECEI0. PWL _ 'OU DHTA. SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EI
MH LUPHI, 'AMFOTEROI$ MEN 'OUK 'AN4 'ETI "UPERBALLOI. PWL _ 'OU
FAINETAI. SW _ 'OUKOU*N TW*I "ETERWI LEIPETAI. PWL _ NAI.
SW _ TW*I KAKWI. PWL _ 'EOIKEN0. SW _ 'OUKOU*N KAKWI "UPERBALLON
TO 'ADIKEIN KAKION 'AN4 'EIH TOU* 'ADIKEISQAI. PWL _
DHLON DH "OTI4.
<P 475D>
SW _ 'ALLO TI 'OUN "UPO MEN TWN POLLWN 'ANQRWPWN KAI
"UPO SOU4 "WMOLOGEITO "HMIN 'EN TW*I 'EMPROSQEN CRONWI 'AISCION
'EINAI TO 'ADIKEIN TOU* 'ADIKEISQAI: PWL _ NAI. SW _ NU*N
DE-GE KAKION 'EFANH. PWL _ 'EOIKE0. SW _ DEXAIO 'AN4 'OUN
SU MALLON TO KAKION KAI TO 'AISCION 'ANTI TOU* "HTTON: MH
'OKNEI5 'APOKRINASQAI, 'W* PWLE; 'OUDEN GAR BLABHSHI; 'ALLA=
GENNAIW$ TW*I LOGWI "WSPER 'IATRWI PARECWN 'APOKRINOU, KAI 'H=
<P 475E>
FAQI 'H= MH "A 'ERWTW0. PWL _ 'ALL' 'OUK 'AN4 DEXAIMHN, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'ALLO$ DE TI$ 'ANQRWPWN: PWL _ 'OU MOI
DOKEI0 KATA GE TOUTON TON LOGON. SW _ 'ALHQH 'A=RA 'EGW
'ELEGON, "OTI4 'OUT' 'AN4 'EGW 'OUT' 'AN4 SU 'OUT' 'ALLO$ 'OUDEI$ 'ANQRWPWN
DEXAIT' 'AN4 MALLON 'ADIKEIN 'H= 'ADIKEISQAI; KAKION GAR
TUGCANEI0 'ON. PWL _ FAINETAI.
SW _ "ORA*I$0 'OUN, 'W* PWLE, "O 'ELEGCO$ PARA TON 'ELEGCON
PARABALLOMENO$ "OTI4 'OUDEN 'EOIKEN0, 'ALLA= SOI4 MEN "OI 'ALLOI
PANTE$ "OMOLOGOUSIN0 PLHN 'EMOU4, 'EMOI4 DE SU 'EXARKEI$ "EI$ 'WN


<P 476A>
MONO$ KAI "OMOLOGWN KAI MARTURWN, KAI 'EGW SE MONON 'EPIYHFIZWN
TOU$ 'ALLOU$ 'EW0 CAIREIN. KAI TOUTO MEN "HMIN "OUTW$
'ECETW; META TOUTO DE PERI= "OU2 TO DEUTERON 'HMFESBHTHSAMEN
SKEYWMEQA, TO 'ADIKOUNTA DIDONAI DIKHN 'A*RA MEGISTON TWN
KAKWN 'ESTIN, "W$ SU 'WIOU, 'H= MEIZON TO MH DIDONAI, "W$ 'AU
'EGW 'WIMHN.
SKOPWMEQA DE THIDE; TO DIDONAI DIKHN KAI TO KOLAZESQAI
DIKAIW$ 'ADIKOUNTA 'A*RA TO 'AUTO KALEI$0: PWL _ 'EGWGE.
<P 476B>
SW _ 'ECEI$ 'OUN LEGEIN "W$ 'OUCI TA GE DI=KAIA PANTA KALA
'ESTIN, KAQ' "OSON DI=KAIA: KAI DIASKEYAMENO$ 'EIPE=. PWL _
'ALLA= MOI DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$. SW _ SKOPEI5 DH-KAI TODE;
'A*RA 'EI TI$ TI POIEI0, 'ANAGKH TI 'EINAI KAI PASCON "UPO TOUTOU
TOU* POIOUNTO$: PWL _ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0. SW _ 'A*RA TOUTO
PASCON "O= TO POIOUN POIEI0, KAI TOIOUTON "OION POIEI0 TO POIOUN:
LEGW0 DE TO TOIONDE; 'EI TI$ TUPTEI0, 'ANAGKH TI TUPTESQAI:
PWL _ 'ANAGKH. SW _ KAI 'EI SFO=DRA TUPTEI0 'H= TACU "O
<P 476C>
TUPTWN, "OUTW KAI TO TUPTOMENON TUPTESQAI: PWL _ NAI.
SW _ TOIOUTON 'A=RA PAQO$ TW*I TUPTOMENWI 'ESTIN "OION 'AN4 TO
TUPTON POIHI5: PWL _ PANU GE. SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'EI KAEI0
TI$, 'ANAGKH TI KAESQAI: PWL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=: SW _ KAI 'EI
SFO=DRA GE KAEI0 'H= 'ALGEINW$, "OUTW KAESQAI TO KAOMENON "W$
'AN4 TO KAON KAHI5: PWL _ PANU GE. SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'EI
TEMNEI0 TI$, "O 'AUTO$ LOGO$: TEMNETAI GAR TI. PWL _ NAI.
SW _ KAI 'EI MEGA GE 'H= BAQU TO TMHMA 'H= 'ALGEINON, TOIOUTON
<P 476D>
TMHMA TEMNETAI TO TEMNOMENON "OION TO TEMNON TEMNEI0:
PWL _ FAINETAI. SW _ SULLHBDHN DH "ORA 'EI "OMOLOGEI$, "O=
'ARTI 'ELEGON, PERI= PANTWN, "OION 'AN4 POIHI5 TO POIOUN, TOIOUTON
TO PASCON PASCEIN. PWL _ 'ALL' "OMOLOGW0.
SW _ TOUTWN DH "OMOLOGOUMENWN, TO DIKHN DIDONAI POTERON
PASCEIN TI 'ESTIN 'H= POIEIN: PWL _ 'ANAGKHI, 'W* SWKRATE$,
PASCEIN. SW _ 'OUKOU*N "UPO TINO$ POIOUNTO$: PWL _ PW*$
GAR 'OU=: "UPO GE TOU* KOLAZONTO$. SW _ "O DE 'ORQW$ KOLAZWN
<P 476E>
DIKAIW$ KOLAZEI0: PWL _ NAI. SW _ DI=KAIA POIW*N 'H= 'OU=:
PWL _ DI=KAIA. SW _ 'OUKOU*N "O KOLAZOMENO$ DIKHN DIDOU$
DI=KAIA PASCEI0: PWL _ FAINETAI. SW _ TA DE DI=KAIA POU
KALA "WMOLO=GHTAI: PWL _ PANU GE. SW _ TOUTWN 'A=RA "O
MEN POIEI0 KALA, "O DE PASCEI0, "O KOLAZOMENO$. PWL _ NAI.


<P 477A>
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EIPER KALA, 'AGAQA: 'H= GAR "HDEA 'H= 'WFELIMA.
PWL _ 'ANAGKH. SW _ 'AGAQA 'A=RA PASCEI0 "O DIKHN
DIDOU$: PWL _ 'EOIKEN0. SW _ 'WFELEITAI 'A=RA: PWL _
NAI.
SW _ 'A*RA "HNPER 'EGW "UPOLAMBANW0 THN 'WFELIAN: BELTIWN
THN YUCHN GIGNETAI, 'EIPER DIKAIW$ KOLAZETAI: PWL _
'EIKO$ GE. SW _ KAKIA$ 'A=RA YUCH$ 'APALLATTETAI "O DIKHN
DIDOU$: PWL _ NAI. SW _ 'A*RA-'OUN TOU* MEGISTOU 'APALLATTETAI
<P 477B>
KAKOU: "WDE DE SKOPEI5; 'EN CRHMATWN KATASKEUHI
'ANQRWPOU KAKIAN 'ALLHN TINA 'ENORA*I$0 'H= PENIAN: PWL _ 'OU=K,
'ALLA= PENIAN. SW _ TI= D' 'EN SWMATO$ KATASKEUHI: KAKIAN
'AN4 FHSAI$ 'ASQENEIAN 'EINAI KAI NOSON KAI 'AISCO$ KAI TA
TOIAUTA: PWL _ 'EGWGE. SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'EN YUCHI PONHRIAN
"HGHI0 TINA 'EINAI: PWL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=: SW _ TAUTHN
'OUN 'OUK 'ADIKIAN KALEI$0 KAI 'AMAQIAN KAI DEILIAN KAI TA
TOIAUTA: PWL _ PANU MEN-'OUN. SW _ 'OUKOU*N CRHMATWN
<P 477C>
KAI SWMATO$ KAI YUCH$, TRIWN 'ONTWN0, TRITTA$ 'EIRHKA$ PONHRIA$,
PENIAN, NOSON, 'ADIKIAN: PWL _ NAI. SW _ TI=$ 'OUN
TOUTWN TWN PONHRIWN 'AISCISTH: 'OUC "H 'ADIKIA KAI SULLHBDHN
"H TH$ YUCH$ PONHRIA: PWL _ POLU GE. SW _ 'EI DH
'AISCISTH, KAI KAKISTH: PWL _ PW*$, 'W* SWKRATE$, LEGEI$:
SW _ "WDI; 'AEI TO 'AISCISTON 'HTOI LUPHN MEGISTHN
PARECON 'H= BLABHN 'H= 'AMFO=TERA 'AISCISTON 'ESTIN 'EK TWN
"WMOLOGHMENWN 'EN TW*I 'EMPROSQEN. PWL _ MALISTA. SW _
'AISCISTON DE 'ADIKIA KAI SUMPASA YUCH$ PONHRIA NUNDH
<P 477D>
"WMOLO=GHTAI "HMIN: PWL _ "WMOLO=GHTAI GAR. SW _ 'OUKOU*N
'H= 'ANIAROTATON 'ESTI KAI 'ANIA\ "UPERBALLON 'AISCISTON TOUTWN
'ESTIN 'H= BLABHI 'H= 'AMFO=TERA: PWL _ 'ANAGKH. SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN
'ALGEINOTERON 'ESTIN TOU* PENESQAI KAI KAMNEIN TO 'ADIKON
'EINAI KAI 'AKOLASTON KAI DEILON KAI 'AMAQH: PWL _ 'OUK
'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'APO TOUTWN GE. SW _ "UPERFUEI
TINI 'A=RA "W$ MEGALHI BLABHI KAI KAKWI QAUMASIWI "UPERBALLOUSA
<P 477E>
'TALLA "H TH$ YUCH$ PONHRIA 'AISCISTON 'ESTI PANTWN, 'EPEIDH
'OUK 'ALGHDONI GE, "W$ "O SO$ LOGO$. PWL _ FAINETAI.
SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN-POU TO GE MEGISTHI BLABHI "UPERBALLON
MEGISTON 'AN4 KAKON 'EIH TWN 'ONTWN0. PWL _ NAI. SW _ "H
'ADIKIA 'A=RA-KAI "H 'AKOLASIA KAI "H 'ALLH YUCH$ PONHRIA
MEGISTON TWN 'ONTWN0 KAKON 'ESTIN: PWL _ FAINETAI.
SW _ TI=$ 'OUN TECNH PENIA$ 'APALLATTEI0: 'OU CRHMATISTIKH:
PWL _ NAI. SW _ TI=$ DE NOSOU: 'OUK 'IATRIKH:


<P 478A>
PWL _ 'ANAGKH. SW _ TI=$ DE PONHRIA$ KAI 'ADIKIA$: 'EI MH
"OUTW$ 'EUPOREI$, "WDE SKOPEI5; POI* 'AGOMEN KAI PARA TI=NA$
TOU$ KAMNONTA$ TA SWMATA: PWL _ PARA TOU$ 'IATROU$, 'W*
SWKRATE$. SW _ POI* DE TOU$ 'ADIKOUNTA$ KAI TOU$ 'AKOLASTAINONTA$:
PWL _ PARA TOU$ DIKASTA$ LEGEI$: SW _ 'OUKOU*N
DIKHN DWSONTA$: PWL _ FHMI. SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OU
DIKAIOSUNHI TINI CRWMENOI KOLAZOUSIN0 "OI 'ORQW$ KOLAZONTE$:
PWL _ DHLON DH. SW _ CRHMATISTIKH MEN-'A=RA PENIA$ 'APALLATTEI0,
<P 478B>
'IATRIKH DE NOSOU, DIKH DE 'AKOLASIA$ KAI 'ADIKIA$.
PWL _ FAINETAI.
SW _ TI= 'OUN TOUTWN KALLISTON 'ESTIN "WN8 LEGEI$8:
PWL _ TI=NWN LEGEI$: SW _ CRHMATISTIKH$, 'IATRIKH$, DIKH$.
PWL _ POLU DIAFEREI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, "H DIKH. SW _ 'OUKOU*N
'AU 'HTOI "HDONHN PLEISTHN POIEI0 'H= 'WFELIAN 'H= 'AMFO=TERA, 'EIPER
KALLISTON 'ESTIN: PWL _ NAI. SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN TO 'IATREUESQAI
"HDU 'ESTIN, KAI CAIROUSIN0 "OI 'IATREUOMENOI: PWL _ 'OUK
'EMOIGE DOKEI0. SW _ 'ALL' 'WFELIMON GE. 'H*-GAR: PWL _
<P 478C>
NAI. SW _ MEGALOU GAR KAKOU 'APALLATTETAI, "WSTE LUSITELEI0
"UPOMEINAI0 THN 'ALGHDONA KAI "UGIH 'EINAI. PWL _ PW*$
GAR 'OU=: SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN "OUTW$ 'AN4 PERI= SWMA 'EUDAIMONESTATO$
'ANQRWPO$ 'EIH, 'IATREUOMENO$, 'H= MHDE KAMNWN THN 'ARCHN: PWL _
DHLON "OTI4 MHDE KAMNWN. SW _ 'OU-GAR TOUT' 'H*N 'EUDAIMONIA,
"W$ 'EOIKE0, KAKOU 'APALLAGH, 'ALLA= THN 'ARCHN MHDE KTHSI$.
PWL _ 'ESTI TAUTA.
<P 478D>
SW _ TI= DE: 'AQLIWTERO$ POTERO$ DUOIN 'ECONTOIN KAKON
'EI=T' 'EN SWMATI 'EI=T' 'EN YUCHI, "O 'IATREUOMENO$ KAI 'APALLATTOMENO$
TOU* KAKOU, 'H= "O MH 'IATREUOMENO$, 'ECWN DE: PWL _ FAINETAI
MOI "O MH 'IATREUOMENO$. SW _ 'OUKOU*N TO DIKHN DIDONAI
MEGISTOU KAKOU 'APALLAGH 'H*N, PONHRIA$: PWL _ 'H*N GAR.
SW _ SWFRONIZEI0 GAR-POU-KAI DIKAIOTEROU$ POIEI0 KAI 'IATRIKH
GIGNETAI PONHRIA$ "H DIKH. PWL _ NAI. SW _ 'EUDAIMONESTATO$
MEN-'A=RA "O MH 'ECWN KAKIAN 'EN YUCHI, 'EPEIDH TOUTO
<P 478E>
MEGISTON TWN KAKWN 'EFANH. PWL _ DHLON DH. SW _ DEUTERO$
DE-POU "O 'APALLATTOMENO$. PWL _ 'EOIKEN0. SW _ "OUTO$
D' 'H*N "O NOUQETOUMENO$ TE-KAI 'EPIPLHTTOMENO$ KAI DIKHN
DIDOU$. PWL _ NAI. SW _ KAKISTA 'A=RA ZHI0 "O 'ECWN 'ADIKIAN8
KAI MH 'APALLATTOMENO$. PWL _ FAINETAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "OUTO$ TUGCANEI0 'WN "O$4 'AN4 TA MEGISTA 'ADIKWN
KAI CRWMENO$ MEGISTHI 'ADIKIA\ DIAPRAXHTAI "WSTE MHTE NOUQETEISQAI


<P 479A>
MHTE KOLAZESQAI MHTE DIKHN DIDONAI, "WSPER SU
FH=I$ 'ARCELAON PARESKEUASQAI KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ TURANNOU$
KAI "RHTORA$ KAI DUNASTA$:
PWL _ 'EOIKE0.
SW _ SCEDON GAR-POU "OUTOI, 'W* 'ARISTE, TO 'AUTO DIAPEPRAGMENOI-'EISIN
"WSPER 'AN4 'EI TI$ TOI$ MEGISTOI$ NOSHMASIN
SUNISCOMENO$ DIAPRAXAITO MH DIDONAI DIKHN TWN PERI= TO
SWMA "AMARTHMATWN TOI$ 'IATROI$ MHDE 'IATREUESQAI, FOBOUMENO$
"WSPERANEI PAI$ TO KAESQAI KAI TO TEMNESQAI, "OTI4
<P 479B>
'ALGEINON. 'H= 'OU DOKEI0 KAI SOI4 "OUTW:
PWL _ 'EMOIGE.
SW _ 'AGNOWN GE, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "OION 'ESTIN "H "UGIEIA KAI
'ARETH SWMATO$. KINDUNEUOUSI0 GAR 'EK TWN NU*N "HMIN "WMOLOGHMENWN
TOIOUTON TI POIEIN KAI "OI THN DIKHN FEUGONTE$,
'W* PWLE, TO 'ALGEINON 'AUTOU4 KAQORAN, PRO$ DE TO 'WFELIMON
TUFLW$ 'ECEIN KAI 'AGNOEIN "OSWI 'AQLIWTERON 'ESTI MH "UGIOU$
SWMATO$ MH "UGIEI YUCHI SUNOIKEIN, 'ALLA= SAQRA*I KAI 'ADIKWI
<P 479C>
KAI 'ANOSIWI, "OQEN KAI PAN POIOUSIN0 "WSTE DIKHN MH DIDONAI
MHD' 'APALLATTESQAI TOU* MEGISTOU KAKOU, KAI CRHMATA PARASKEUAZOMENOI
KAI FILOU$ KAI "OPW$ 'AN4 'WSIN "W$ PIQANWTATOI
LEGEIN; 'EI DE "HMEI$ 'ALHQH "WMOLOGHKAMEN, 'W* PWLE, 'A*R'
'AISQANHI0 TA SUMBAINONTA 'EK TOU* LOGOU: 'H= BOULEI SULLOGISWMEQA
'AUTA:
PWL _ 'EI SOI4 GE 'ALLW$ DOKEI0.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN SUMBAINEI0 MEGISTON KAKON "H 'ADIKIA KAI TO
<P 479D>
'ADIKEIN: PWL _ FAINETAI GE. SW _ KAI-MHN 'APALLAGH GE
'EFANH TOUTOU TOU* KAKOU TO DIKHN DIDONAI: PWL _ KINDUNEUEI0.
SW _ TO DE-GE MH DIDONAI 'EMMONH TOU* KAKOU:
PWL _ NAI. SW _ DEUTERON 'A=RA 'ESTIN TWN KAKWN MEGEQEI
TO 'ADIKEIN; TO DE 'ADIKOUNTA MH DIDONAI DIKHN PANTWN MEGISTON
TE-KAI PRWTON KAKWN PEFUKEN0. PWL _ 'EOIKEN0.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OU PERI= TOUTOU, 'W* FILE, 'HMFESBHTHSAMEN,
SU MEN TON 'ARCELAON 'EUDAIMONIZWN TON TA MEGISTA 'ADIKOUNTA
<P 479E>
DIKHN 'OUDEMIAN DIDONTA, 'EGW DE 'TOUNANTION 'OIOMENO$,
'EI=TE 'ARCELAO$ 'EI=T' 'ALLO$ 'ANQRWPWN "OSTISOUN MH DIDWSI0
DIKHN 'ADIKWN, TOUTWI PROSHKEIN 'AQLIWI 'EINAI DIAFERONTW$
TWN 'ALLWN 'ANQRWPWN, KAI 'AEI TON 'ADIKOUNTA TOU* 'ADIKOUMENOU
'AQLIWTERON 'EINAI KAI TON MH DIDONTA DIKHN TOU*
DIDONTO$: 'OU TAUT' 'H*N TA "UP' 'EMOU4 LEGOMENA:
PWL _ NAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'APODEDEIKTAI "OTI4 'ALHQH 'ELEGETO:
PWL _ FAINETAI.


<P 480A>
SW _ 'EIEN; 'EI 'OUN-DH TAUTA 'ALHQH, 'W* PWLE, TI=$ "H
MEGALH CREIA 'ESTIN TH$ "RHTORIKH$: DEI MEN-GAR-DH 'EK TWN
NU*N "WMOLOGHMENWN 'AUTON "EAUTON MALISTA FULATTEIN "OPW$
MH 'ADIKHSHI6 "W$ "IKANON KAKON "EXONTA. 'OU-GAR:
PWL _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'EA=N DE-GE 'ADIKHSHI6 'H= 'AUTO$ 'H= 'ALLO$ TI$ "WN 'AN4
KHDHTAI, 'AUTON "EKONTA 'IENAI 'EKEISE "OPOU "W$ TACISTA
DWSEI2 DIKHN, PARA TON DIKASTHN "WSPER PARA TON 'IATRON,
<P 480B>
SPEUDONTA "OPW$ MH 'EGCRONISQEN TO NOSHMA TH$ 'ADIKIA$
"UPOULON THN YUCHN POIHSHI6 KAI 'ANIATON; 'H= PW*$ LEGOMEN,
'W* PWLE, 'EIPER TA PROTERON MENEI0 "HMIN "OMOLOGHMATA:
'OUK 'ANAGKH TAUTA 'EKEINOI$ "OUTW MEN SUMFWNEIN, 'ALLW$
DE MH:
PWL _ TI= GAR-DH FWMEN, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW _ 'EPI MEN-'A=RA TO 'APOLOGEISQAI "UPER TH$ 'ADIKIA$
TH$ "AUTOU 'H= GONEWN 'H= "ETAIRWN 'H= PAIDWN 'H= PATRIDO$ 'ADIKOUSH$
'OU CRHSIMO$ 'OUDEN "H "RHTORIKH "HMIN, 'W* PWLE, 'EI MH 'EI TI$
<P 480C>
"UPOLABOI 'EPI 'TOUNANTION % KATHGOREIN DEIN MALISTA MEN
"EAUTOU, 'EPEITA DE-KAI TWN 'OIKEIWN KAI TWN 'ALLWN "O$4 'AN4
'AEI TWN FILWN TUGCANHI5 'ADIKWN, KAI MH 'APOKRUPTESQAI 'ALL'
'EI$ TO FANERON 'AGEIN TO 'ADIKHMA, "INA DWI0 DIKHN KAI "UGIH$
GENHTAI, 'ANAGKAZEIN TE-KAI "AUTON KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ MH 'APODEILIAN
'ALLA= PARECEIN MUSANTA 'EU KAI 'ANDREIW$ "WSPER TEMNEIN
KAI KAEIN 'IATRWI, TO 'AGAQON KAI KALON DIWKONTA, MH "UPOLOGIZOMENON
TO 'ALGEINON, 'EA=N MEN-GE PLHGWN 'A=XIA 'HDIKHKW$-'HI,
<P 480D>
TUPTEIN PARECONTA, 'EA=N DE DESMOU, DEIN, 'EA=N DE ZHMIA$,
'APOTINONTA, 'EA=N DE FUGH$, FEUGONTA, 'EA=N DE QANATOU, 'APOQNHISKONTA,
'AUTON PRWTON 'ONTA KATHGORON KAI "AUTOU KAI
TWN 'ALLWN 'OIKEIWN KAI 'EPI TOUTO CRWMENON THI "RHTORIKHI,
"OPW$ 'AN4 KATADHLWN TWN 'ADIKHMATWN GIGNOMENWN 'APALLATTWNTAI
TOU* MEGISTOU KAKOU, 'ADIKIA$. FWMEN "OUTW$ 'H= MH
FWMEN, 'W* PWLE:
<P 480E>
PWL _ 'ATOPA MEN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, TOI$ MENTOI
'EMPROSQEN 'ISW$ SOI4 "OMOLOGEITAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'H= 'KAKEINA LUTEON 'H= TADE 'ANAGKH SUMBAINEIN:
PWL _ NAI, TOUTO GE "OUTW$ 'ECEI0.
SW _ 'TOUNANTION DE-GE 'AU METABALONTA, 'EI 'A=RA DEI TINA
KAKW$ POIEIN, 'EI=T' 'ECQRON 'EI=TE "ONTINOUN, 'EA=N MONON MH 'AUTO$
'ADIKHTAI "UPO TOU* 'ECQROU % TOUTO MEN-GAR 'EULABHTEON % 'EA=N
DE 'ALLON 'ADIKHI5 "O 'ECQRO$, PANTI TROPWI PARASKEUASTEON, KAI


<P 481A>
PRATTONTA KAI LEGONTA, "OPW$ MH DWI0 DIKHN MHDE 'ELQHI6 PARA
TON DIKASTHN; 'EA=N DE 'ELQHI6, MHCANHTEON "OPW$ 'AN4 DIAFUGHI6
KAI MH DWI0 DIKHN "O 'ECQRO$, 'ALL' 'EANTE CRUSION 'HI7-"HRPAKW$
POLU, MH 'APODIDWI0 TOUTO 'ALL' 'ECWN 'ANALISKHI5 KAI 'EI$ "EAUTON
KAI 'EI$ TOU$ "EAUTOU 'ADIKW$ KAI 'AQEW$, 'EANTE QANATOU
'A=XIA 'HDIKHKW$-'HI, "OPW$ MH 'APOQANEITAI, MALISTA MEN MHDEPOTE,
'ALL' 'AQANATO$ 'ESTAI PONHRO$ 'WN, 'EI DE MH, "OPW$ "W$
<P 481B>
PLEISTON CRONON BIWSETAI TOIOUTO$ 'WN. 'EPI TA TOIAUTA
'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'W* PWLE, "H "RHTORIKH CRHSIMO$ 'EINAI, 'EPEI TW*I
GE MH MELLONTI 'ADIKEIN 'OU MEGALH TI$ MOI DOKEI0 "H CREIA
'AUTH$ 'EINAI, 'EI DH-KAI 'ESTIN TI$ CREIA, "W$ 'EN GE TOI$
PROSQEN 'OUDAMHI 'EFANH 'OUSA.
KAL _ 'EIPE= MOI, 'W* CAIREFWN, SPOUDAZEI0 TAUTA SWKRATH$
'H= PAIZEI0:
CAI _ 'EMOI4 MEN DOKEI0, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, "UPERFUW$ SPOUDAZEIN;
'OUDEN MENTOI "OION TO 'AUTON 'ERWTAN.
KAL _ NH TOU$ QEOU$ 'ALL' 'EPIQUMW0. 'EIPE= MOI, 'W* SWKRATE$,
<P 481C>
POTERON SE QWMEN NUNI SPOUDAZONTA 'H= PAIZONTA: 'EI
MEN-GAR SPOUDAZEI$ TE-KAI TUGCANEI0 TAUTA 'ALHQH 'ONTA "A
LEGEI$, 'ALLO TI "HMWN "O BIO$ 'ANATETRAMMENO$ 'AN4 'EIH TWN 'ANQRWPWN
KAI PANTA TA 'ENANTIA PRATTOMEN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'H= "A DEI:
SW _ 'W* KALLIKLEI$, 'EI MH TI 'H*N TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ PAQO$,
TOI$ MEN 'ALLO TI, TOI$ DE 'ALLO TI 'H=8 TO 'AUTO, 'ALLA= TI$
"HMWN 'IDION TI 'EPASCEN PAQO$ 'H= "OI 'ALLOI, 'OUK 'AN4 'H*N "RA\DION
<P 481D>
'ENDEIXASQAI TW*I "ETERWI TO "EAUTOU PAQHMA. LEGW0 D' 'ENNOHSA$
"OTI4 'EGW TE-KAI SU NU*N TUGCANOMEN 'TAUTON TI PEPONQOTE$,
'ERWNTE DUO 'ONTE DUOIN "EKATERO$, 'EGW MEN 'ALKIBIADOU TE
TOU* KLEINIOU KAI FILOSOFIA$, SU DE DUOIN, TOU* TE 'AQHNAIWN
DHMOU KAI TOU* PURILAMPOU$. 'AISQANOMAI 'OUN SOU4
"EKASTOTE, KAIPER 'ONTO$ DEINOU, "OTI2 'AN4 FHI5 SOU4 TA PAIDIKA
KAI "OPW$ 'AN4 FHI5 'ECEIN, 'OU DUNAMENOU 'ANTILEGEIN, 'ALL' 'ANW
<P 481E>
KAI KATW METABALLOMENOU; 'EN TE THI 'EKKLHSIA\ 'EA=N TI SOU4
LEGONTO$ "O DHMO$ "O 'AQHNAIWN MH FHI5 "OUTW$ 'ECEIN, METABALLOMENO$
LEGEI$ "A 'EKEINO$ BOULETAI, KAI PRO$ TON PURILAMPOU$
NEANIAN TON KALON TOUTON TOIAUTA "E=TERA PEPONQA$.
TOI$ GAR TWN PAIDIKWN BOULEUMASIN TE-KAI LOGOI$ 'OUC "OIO$-T'-'EI*
'ENANTIOUSQAI "WSTE, 'EI TI$ SOU4 LEGONTO$ "EKASTOTE "A
DIA= TOUTOU$ LEGEI$ QAUMAZOI "W$ 'ATOPA 'ESTIN, 'ISW$ 'EIPOI$
'AN4 'AUTWI, 'EI BOULOIO 'TALHQH LEGEIN, "OTI4 'EI MH TI$ PAUSEI2 TA


<P 482A>
SA= PAIDIKA TOUTWN TWN LOGWN, 'OUDE SU PAUSHI2 POTE TAUTA
LEGWN. NOMIZE TOINUN-KAI PAR' 'EMOU4 CRHNAI0 "E=TERA TOIAUTA
'AKOUEIN, KAI MH QAUMAZE "OTI4 'EGW TAUTA LEGW0, 'ALLA= THN
FILOSOFIAN, TA 'EMA PAIDIKA, PAUSON2 TAUTA LEGOUSAN.
LEGEI0 GAR, 'W* FILE "ETAIRE, 'AEI "A NU*N 'EMOU4 'AKOUEI$, KAI MOI 'ESTIN
TWN "ETERWN PAIDIKWN POLU "HTTON 'EMPLHKTO$; "O MEN-GAR KLEINIEIO$
"OUTO$ 'ALLOTE 'ALLWN 'ESTI LOGWN, "H DE FILOSOFIA 'AEI
<P 482B>
TWN 'AUTWN, LEGEI0 DE "A SU NU*N QAUMAZEI$, PARHSQA DE-KAI
'AUTO$ LEGOMENOI$. 'H= 'OUN 'EKEINHN 'EXELEGXON2, "OPER 'ARTI
'ELEGON, "W$ 'OU TO 'ADIKEIN 'ESTIN KAI 'ADIKOUNTA DIKHN MH DIDONAI
"APANTWN 'ESCATON KAKWN; 'H= 'EI TOUTO 'EASEI$ 'ANELEGKTON,
MA TON KUNA TON 'AIGUPTIWN QEON, 'OU SOI4 "OMOLOGHSEI2 KALLIKLH$,
'W* KALLIKLEI$, 'ALLA= DIAFWNHSEI2 'EN "APANTI TW*I BIWI.
KAITOI 'EGWGE 'OIMAI, 'W* BELTISTE, KAI THN LURAN MOI KREITTON
'EINAI 'ANARMOSTEIN TE-KAI DIAFWNEIN, KAI CORON "WI CORHGOIHN,
<P 482C>
KAI PLEISTOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ MH "OMOLOGEIN MOI 'ALL' 'ENANTIA
LEGEIN MALLON 'H= "ENA 'ONTA 'EME 'EMAUTWI 'ASUMFWNON 'EINAI
KAI 'ENANTIA LEGEIN.
KAL _ 'W* SWKRATE$, DOKEI$ MOI NEANIEUESQAI 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$
"W$ 'ALHQW$ DHMHGORO$ 'WN; KAI NU*N TAUTA DHMHGOREI$ 'TAUTON
PAQONTO$ PWLOU PAQO$ "OPER GORGIOU KATHGOREI6 PRO$ SE
PAQEIN. 'EFH GAR-POU GORGIAN 'ERWTWMENON "UPO SOU4, 'EA=N
'AFIKHTAI PAR' 'AUTON MH 'EPISTAMENO$ TA DI=KAIA "O THN "RHTORIKHN
<P 482D>
BOULOMENO$ MAQEIN, 'EI DIDAXOI 'AUTON "O GORGIA$,
'AISCUNQHNAI 'AUTON KAI FANAI DIDAXEIN DIA= TO 'EQO$ TWN 'ANQRWPWN,
"OTI4 'AGANAKTOIEN 'AN4 'EI TI$ MH FAIH; DIA= DH TAUTHN
THN "OMOLOGIAN 'ANAGKASQHNAI 'ENANTIA 'AUTON "AUTWI 'EIPEIN,
SE DE 'AUTO TOUTO 'AGAPAN. KAI SOU4 KATEGELA, "W$ GE MOI
DOKEIN 'ORQW$, TO=TE; NU*N DE PALIN 'AUTO$ 'TAUTON TOUTO 'EPAQEN.
KAI 'EGWGE KAT' 'AUTO TOUTO 'OUK 'AGAMAI PWLON, "OTI4 SOI4
SUNECWRHSEN TO 'ADIKEIN 'AISCION 'EINAI TOU* 'ADIKEISQAI; 'EK
<P 482E>
TAUTH$ GAR 'AU TH$ "OMOLOGIA$ 'AUTO$ "UPO SOU4 SUMPODISQEI$
'EN TOI$ LOGOI$ 'EPESTOMISQH, 'AISCUNQEI$ "A 'ENOEI 'EIPEIN. SU
GAR TW*I-'ONTI, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EI$ TOIAUTA 'AGEI$ FORTIKA KAI
DHMHGORIKA, FASKWN THN 'ALHQEIAN DIWKEIN, "A FUSEI MEN
'OUK 'ESTIN KALA, NOMWI DE. "W$ TA POLLA DE TAUTA 'ENANTI'
'ALLHLOI$ 'ESTIN, "H TE FUSI$ KAI "O NOMO$; 'EA=N 'OUN TI$ 'AISCUNHTAI


<P 483A>
KAI MH TOLMA*I2 LEGEIN "APER NOEI0, 'ANAGKAZETAI 'ENANTIA
LEGEIN. "O= DH-KAI SU TOUTO TO SOFON KATANENOHKW$ KAKOURGEI$
'EN TOI$ LOGOI$, 'EA=N MEN TI$ KATA NOMON LEGHI5, TA KATA
FUSIN "UPERWTWN, 'EA=N DE TA TH$ FUSEW$, TA TOU* NOMOU.
"WSPER 'AUTIKA 'EN TOUTOI$, TW*I 'ADIKEIN TE-KAI TW*I 'ADIKEISQAI,
PWLOU TO KATA NOMON 'AISCION LEGONTO$, SU TON LOGON
'EDIWKAQE$ KATA FUSIN. FUSEI MEN-GAR PAN 'AISCION 'ESTIN
"OPER KAI KAKION, "OION7 TO 'ADIKEISQAI, NOMWI DE TO 'ADIKEIN. 'OUDE-GAR
<P 483B>
'ANDRO$ TOUTO G' 'ESTIN TO PAQHMA, TO 'ADIKEISQAI, 'ALL'
'ANDRAPODOU TINO$ "WI KREITTON 'ESTIN TEQNANAI 'H= ZHN, "OSTI$
'ADIKOUMENO$ KAI PROPHLAKIZOMENO$ MH "OIO$-TE-'ESTIN 'AUTO$
"AUTWI BOHQEIN MHDE 'ALLWI "OU2 'AN4 KHDHTAI. 'ALL' 'OIMAI "OI
TIQEMENOI TOU$ NOMOU$ "OI 'ASQENEI$ 'ANQRWPOI 'EISIN KAI "OI
POLLOI. PRO$ "AUTOU$ 'OUN-KAI TO "AUTOI$ SUMFERON TOU$ TE
NOMOU$ TIQENTAI KAI TOU$ 'EPAINOU$ 'EPAINOUSIN0 KAI TOU$
<P 483C>
YOGOU$ YEGOUSIN0; 'EKFOBOUNTE$ TOU$ 'ERRWMENESTEROU$ TWN
'ANQRWPWN KAI DUNATOU$ 'ONTA$ PLEON 'ECEIN, "INA MH 'AUTWN
PLEON 'ECWSIN, LEGOUSIN0 "W$ 'AISCRON KAI 'ADIKON TO PLEONEKTEIN,
KAI TOUTO 'ESTIN TO 'ADIKEIN, TO PLEON TWN 'ALLWN
ZHTEIN 'ECEIN; 'AGAPWSI0 GAR 'OIMAI 'AUTOI 'AN2 TO 'ISON 'ECWSIN
FAULOTEROI 'ONTE$. DIA= TAUTA DH NOMWI MEN TOUTO 'ADIKON KAI
'AISCRON LEGETAI, TO PLEON ZHTEIN 'ECEIN TWN POLLWN, KAI
'ADIKEIN 'AUTO KALOUSIN0; "H DE-GE 'OIMAI FUSI$ 'AUTH 'APOFAINEI0
<P 483D>
'AUTO "OTI4 DIKAION 'ESTIN, TON 'AMEINW TOU* CEIRONO$ PLEON
'ECEIN KAI TON DUNATWTERON TOU* 'ADUNATWTEROU. DHLOI0 DE
TAUTA POLLACOU "OTI4 "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, KAI 'EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$ ZWIOI$
KAI TWN 'ANQRWPWN 'EN "OLAI$ TAI$ POLESI KAI TOI$ GENESIN,
"OTI4 "OUTW TO DIKAION KEKRITAI, TON KREITTW TOU* "HTTONO$ 'ARCEIN
KAI PLEON 'ECEIN. 'EPEI POI=WI DIKAIWI CRWMENO$ XERXH$ 'EPI
THN "ELLADA 'ESTRATEUSEN 'H= "O PATHR 'AUTOU4 'EPI SKUQA$: 'H=
<P 483E>
'A=LLA MURIA 'AN4 TI$ 'ECOI TOIAUTA LEGEIN. 'ALL' 'OIMAI "OUTOI
KATA FUSIN THN TOU* DIKAIOU TAUTA PRATTOUSIN0, KAI NAI MA
DI=A KATA NOMON GE TON TH$ FUSEW$, 'OU-MENTOI 'ISW$ KATA
TOUTON "ON "HMEI$ TIQEMEQA; PLATTONTE$ TOU$ BELTISTOU$ KAI
'ERRWMENESTATOU$ "HMWN-'AUTWN, 'EK NEWN LAMBANONTE$ "WSPER
LEONTA$, KATEPA\DONTE$ TE-KAI GOHTEUONTE$ KATADOULOUMEQA


<P 484A>
LEGONTE$ "W$ TO 'ISON CRH 'ECEIN KAI TOUTO 'ESTIN TO KALON
KAI TO DIKAION. 'EA=N DE-GE 'OIMAI FUSIN "IKANHN GENHTAI
'ECWN 'ANHR, PANTA TAUTA 'APOSEISAMENO$ KAI DIARRHXA$ KAI
DIAFUGWN, KATAPATHSA$ TA "HME=TERA GRAMMATA KAI MAGGANEUMATA
KAI 'EPWIDA$ KAI NOMOU$ TOU$ PARA FUSIN "APANTA$,
'EPANASTA$ 'ANEFANH DESPOTH$ "HMETERO$ "O DOULO$, KAI 'ENTAUQA
<P 484B>
'EXELAMYEN TO TH$ FUSEW$ DIKAION. DOKEI0 DE MOI KAI PINDARO$
"APER 'EGW LEGW0 'ENDEIKNUSQAI 'EN TW*I 'A\SMATI 'EN "WI LEGEI0
"OTI4 %
NOMO$9 "O9 PANTWN9 BASILEU$9
QNATWN9 TE9-KAI9 'AQANATWN9;
"OUTO$ DE-DH, FHSIN,
'AGEI90 DIKAIW*N9 TO9 BIAIOTATON9
"UPERTATA\9 CEIRI9; TEKMAIROMAI9
'ERGOISIN9 "HRAKLEO$9, 'EPEI9 % 'APRIATA$9 %
LEGEI0 "OUTW PW$ % TO GAR 'A\SMA 'OUK 'EPISTAMAI % LEGEI0 D' "OTI4
'OUTE PRIAMENO$ 'OUTE DONTO$ TOU* GHRUONOU 'HLASATO TA$ BOU$,
<P 484C>
"W$ TOUTOU 'ONTO$ TOU* DIKAIOU FUSEI, KAI BOU$ KAI 'TALLA KTHMATA
'EINAI PANTA TOU* BELTIONO$ TE-KAI KREITTONO$ TA TWN
CEIRONWN TE-KAI "HTTONWN.
TO MEN-'OUN 'ALHQE$ "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, GNWSHI2 DE, 'AN2 'EPI TA
MEIZW 'ELQHI$ 'EASA$ 'HDH FILOSOFIAN. FILOSOFIA GAR-TOI
'ESTIN, 'W* SWKRATE$, CARIEN, 'AN2 TI$ 'AUTOU4 METRIW$ "AYHTAI 'EN
THI "HLIKIA\; 'EA=N DE PERAITERW TOU* DEONTO$ 'ENDIATRIYHI6, DIAFQORA
TWN 'ANQRWPWN. 'EA=N GAR-KAI PANU 'EUFUH$ 'HI KAI
PORRW TH$ "HLIKIA$ FILOSOFHI5, 'ANAGKH PANTWN 'APEIRON GEGONENAI
<P 484D>
'ESTIN "WN CRH 'EMPEIRON 'EINAI TON MELLONTA KALON
'KAGAQON KAI 'EUDOKIMON 'ESESQAI 'ANDRA. KAI-GAR TWN NOMWN
'APEIROI GIGNONTAI TWN KATA THN POLIN, KAI TWN LOGWN "OI$
DEI CRWMENON "OMILEIN 'EN TOI$ SUMBOLAIOI$ TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$
KAI 'IDIA\ KAI DHMOSIA\, KAI TWN "HDONWN TE-KAI 'EPIQUMIWN TWN
'ANQRWPEIWN, KAI SULLHBDHN TWN 'HQWN PANTAPASIN 'APEIROI
GIGNONTAI. 'EPEIDAN 'OUN 'ELQWSIN 'EI$ TINA 'IDIAN 'H= POLITIKHN
<P 484E>
PRAXIN, KATAGELASTOI GIGNONTAI, "WSPER GE 'OIMAI "OI POLITIKOI,
'EPEIDAN 'AU 'EI$ TA$ "UMETERA$ DIATRIBA$ 'ELQWSIN KAI TOU$
LOGOU$, KATAGELASTOI 'EISIN. SUMBAINEI0 GAR TO TOU* 'EURIPIDOU;
LAMPRO$9 TE1 'ESTIN "EKASTO$9 'EN TOUTWI, KAI1 'EPI1 TOUT'9
'EPEIGETAI9,
NEMWN90 TO9 PLEISTON9 "HMERA$9 TOUTWI9 MERO$9,
"IN'9 'AUTO$9 "AUTOU9 TUGCANEI90 BELTISTO$9 'WN9;


<P 485A>
"OPOU D' 'AN4 FAULO$ 'HI, 'ENTEUQEN FEUGEI0 KAI LOIDOREI0 TOUTO,
TO D' "ETERON 'EPAINEI0, 'EUNOIA\ THI "EAUTOU, "HGOUMENO$ "OUTW$
'AUTO$ "EAUTON 'EPAINEIN. 'ALL' 'OIMAI TO 'ORQOTATON 'ESTIN
'AMFOTERWN METASCEIN. FILOSOFIA$ MEN "OSON PAIDEIA$ CARIN
KALON METECEIN, KAI 'OUK 'AISCRON MEIRAKIWI 'ONTI FILOSOFEIN;
'EPEIDAN DE 'HDH PRESBUTERO$ 'WN 'ANQRWPO$ 'ETI FILOSOFHI5,
KATAGELASTON, 'W* SWKRATE$, TO CRHMA GIGNETAI, KAI 'EGWGE
<P 485B>
"OMOIOTATON PASCW0 PRO$ TOU$ FILOSOFOUNTA$ "WSPER PRO$
TOU$ YELLIZOMENOU$ KAI PAIZONTA$. "OTAN MEN-GAR PAIDION
'IDW, "WI 'ETI PROSHKEI0 DIALEGESQAI "OUTW, YELLIZOMENON KAI
PAIZON, CAIRW0 TE-KAI CARIEN MOI FAINETAI KAI 'ELEUQERION KAI
PREPON THI TOU* PAIDIOU "HLIKIA\, "OTAN DE SAFW$ DIALEGOMENOU
PAIDARIOU 'AKOUSW4, PIKRON TI MOI DOKEI0 CRHMA 'EINAI KAI 'ANIA*I0
MOU TA 'WTA KAI MOI DOKEI0 DOULOPREPE$ TI 'EINAI; "OTAN DE
<P 485C>
'ANDRO$ 'AKOUSHI6 TI$ YELLIZOMENOU 'H= PAIZONTA "ORA*I2, KATAGELASTON
FAINETAI KAI 'ANANDRON KAI PLHGWN 'AXION. 'TAUTON
'OUN 'EGWGE TOUTO PASCW0 KAI PRO$ TOU$ FILOSOFOUNTA$. PARA
NEWI MEN-GAR MEIRAKIWI "ORWN FILOSOFIAN 'AGAMAI, KAI PREPEIN
MOI DOKEI0, KAI "HGOUMAI 'ELEUQERON TINA 'EINAI TOUTON TON
'ANQRWPON, TON DE MH FILOSOFOUNTA 'ANELEUQERON KAI 'OUDEPOTE
'OUDENO$ 'AXIWSONTA "EAUTON 'OUTE KALOU 'OUTE GENNAIOU
<P 485D>
PRAGMATO$; "OTAN DE-DH PRESBUTERON 'IDW 'ETI FILOSOFOUNTA
KAI MH 'APALLATTOMENON, PLHGWN MOI DOKEI0 'HDH DEISQAI,
'W* SWKRATE$, "OUTO$ "O 'ANHR. "O= GAR NUNDH 'ELEGON, "UPARCEI0
TOUTWI TW*I 'ANQRWPWI, 'KAN2 PANU 'EUFUH$ 'HI, 'ANANDRWI GENESQAI
FEUGONTI TA MESA TH$ POLEW$ KAI TA$ 'AGORA$, 'EN "AI$ 'EFH "O
POIHTH$ TOU$ 'ANDRA$1 'ARIPREPEI$1 GIGNESQAI, KATADEDUKOTI DE
TON LOIPON BION BIWNAI0 META MEIRAKIWN 'EN GWNIA\ TRIWN 'H=
<P 485E>
TETTARWN YIQURIZONTA, 'ELEUQERON DE-KAI MEGA KAI "IKANON
MHDEPOTE FQEGXASQAI. 'EGW DE, 'W* SWKRATE$, PRO$ SE 'EPIEIKW$
'ECW0 FILIKW$; KINDUNEUW0 'OUN PEPONQENAI NU*N "OPER "O
ZHQO$ PRO$ TON 'AMFIONA "O 'EURIPIDOU, "OUPER2 'EMNHSQHN.
KAI-GAR 'EMOI4 TOIAUT' 'ATTA 'EPERCETAI PRO$ SE LEGEIN, "OI*APER
'EKEINO$ PRO$ TON 'ADELFON, "OTI4 'AMELEI$9, 'W* SWKRATE$, "WN9
DEI9 SE9 'EPIMELEISQAI9, KAI FUSIN9 YUCH$9 "WDE9 GENNAIAN9 LACWN97 MEIRAKIWDEI


<P 486A>
TINI DIAPREPEI$9 MORFWMATI9, KAI1-'OUT'1 'AN41 DIKH$1 BOULAISI1
PROSQEI'1 'AN41 'ORQW$ LOGON1, 'OUT'1 'EIKO$1 'AN41 KAI1 PIQANON1
'AN41 LAKOI$1, 'OUQ'9 "UPER9 'ALLOU1 NEANIKON9 BOULEUMA9 BOULEUSAIO9.
KAITOI, 'W* FILE SWKRATE$ % KAI MOI MHDEN 'ACQESQHI$; 'EUNOIA\
GAR 'ERW2 THI SHI % 'OUK 'AISCRON DOKEI0 SOI4 'EINAI "OUTW$ 'ECEIN
"W$ 'EGW SE 'OIMAI 'ECEIN KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ TOU$ PORRW 'AEI
FILOSOFIA$ 'ELAUNONTA$: NU*N GAR 'EI TI$ SOU4 LABOMENO$ 'H=
'ALLOU "OTOUOUN TWN TOIOUTWN 'EI$ TO DESMWTHRION 'APAGOI,
FASKWN 'ADIKEIN MHDEN 'ADIKOUNTA, 'OISQ' "OTI4 'OUK 'AN4 'ECOI$ "OTI2
<P 486B>
CRHSAIO SAUTWI, 'ALL' 'ILIGGIWIH$ 'AN4 KAI CASMWIO 'OUK 'ECWN "OTI2
'EIPOI$, KAI 'EI$ TO DIKASTHRION 'ANABA$, KATHGOROU TUCWN PANU
FAULOU KAI MOCQHROU, 'APOQANOI$ 'AN4, 'EI BOULOITO QANATOU
SOI4 TIMASQAI. KAITOI PW*$9 SOFON9 TOUTO9 'ESTIN9, 'W* SWKRATE$,
"HTI$9 'EUFUH9 LABOUSA9 TECNH9 FWT'9 'EQHKE9 CEIRONA9,
MHTE 'AUTON "AUTWI DUNAMENON BOHQEIN MHD' 'EKSWSAI0 'EK TWN
MEGISTWN KINDUNWN MHTE "EAUTON MHTE 'ALLON MHDENA, "UPO DE
<P 486C>
TWN 'ECQRWN PERISULASQAI PASAN THN 'OUSIAN, 'ATECNW$ DE
'ATIMON ZHN 'EN THI POLEI: TON DE TOIOUTON, 'EI TI KAI 'AGROIKOTERON
'EIRHSQAI, 'EXESTIN 'EPI KORRH$ TUPTONTA MH DIDONAI DIKHN.
'ALL'1 'WGAQE, 'EMOI41 PEIQOU1, PAUSAI92 DE1 'ELEGCWN, PRAGMATWN
D'9 'EUMOUSIAN9 'ASKEI95, KAI 'ASKEI5 "OPOQEN DOXEI$9
FRONEIN9, 'ALLOI$9 TA9 KOMYA9 TAUT'9 'AFEI=$9, 'EI=TE LHRHMATA
CRH FANAI 'EINAI 'EI=TE FLUARIA$, 'EX9 "WN9 KENOISIN9 'EGKATOIKHSEI$9
DOMOI$9; ZHLWN 'OUK 'ELEGCONTA$ 'ANDRA$ TA MIKRA
<P 486D>
TAUTA, 'ALL' "OI$ 'ESTIN KAI BIO$ KAI DOXA KAI 'A=LLA POLLA 'AGAQA.
SW _ 'EI CRUSHN 'ECWN 'ETUGCANON THN YUCHN, 'W* KALLIKLEI$,
'OUK 'AN4 'OIEI ME 'ASMENON "EUREIN TOUTWN TINA TWN LIQWN
"HI BASANIZOUSIN0 TON CRUSON, THN 'ARISTHN, PRO$ "HNTINA 'EMELLON
PROSAGAGWN 'AUTHN, 'EI MOI "OMOLOGHSEIEN 'EKEINH KALW$
TEQERAPEUSQAI THN YUCHN, 'HDH 'EU 'EISESQAI "OTI4 "IKANW$ 'ECW0 KAI
'OUDEN M'8 'ETI DEI0 'ALLH$ BASANOU:
<P 486E>
KAL _ PRO$ TI= DH TOUTO 'ERWTA*I$0, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW _ 'EGW SOI4 'ERW2 NU*N; 'OIMAI 'EGW SOI4 'ENTETUCHKW$
TOIOUTWI "ERMAIWI 'ENTETUCHKENAI.
KAL _ TI= DH:
SW _ 'EU 'OID' "OTI4, "AN MOI SU "OMOLOGHSHI$ PERI= "WN "H 'EMH
YUCH DOXAZEI0, TAUT' 'HDH 'ESTIN 'AUTA 'TALHQH. 'ENNOW0 GAR


<P 487A>
"OTI4 TON MELLONTA BASANIEIN "IKANW$ YUCH$ PE=RI 'ORQW$ TE
ZWSH$ KAI MH TRIA 'A=RA DEI 'ECEIN "A SU PANTA 'ECEI$, 'EPISTHMHN
TE-KAI 'EUNOIAN KAI PARRHSIAN. 'EGW GAR POLLOI$ 'ENTUGCANW0
"OI=4 'EME 'OUC "OIOI-TE-'EISIN BASANIZEIN DIA= TO MH SOFOI
'EINAI "WSPER SU; "ETEROI DE SOFOI MEN 'EISIN, 'OUK 'EQELOUSIN0 DE
MOI LEGEIN THN 'ALHQEIAN DIA= TO MH KHDESQAI MOU "WSPER SU;
TW DE XENW TWDE, GORGIA$ TE-KAI PWLO$, SOFW MEN-KAI
<P 487B>
FI=LW 'ESTON0 'EMW, 'ENDEESTERW DE PARRHSIA$ KAI 'AISCUNTHLOTERW
MALLON TOU* DEONTO$; PW*$ GAR 'OU=: "W= GE 'EI$ TOSOUTON
'AISCUNH$ 'ELHLUQATON, "WSTE DIA= TO 'AISCUNESQAI TOLMA*I0 "EKATERO$
'AUTWN 'AUTO$ "AUTWI 'ENANTIA LEGEIN 'ENANTION POLLWN
'ANQRWPWN, KAI TAUTA PERI= TWN MEGISTWN. SU DE TAUTA
PANTA 'ECEI$ "A "OI 'ALLOI 'OUK 'ECOUSIN0; PEPAIDEUSAI TE-GAR
"IKANW$, "W$ POLLOI 'AN4 FHSAIEN 'AQHNAIWN, KAI 'EMOI4 'EI*0 'EUNOU$.
<P 487C>
TI=NI TEKMHRIWI CRWMAI0: 'EGW SOI4 'ERW2. 'OIDA "UMA$ 'EGW, 'W*
KALLIKLEI$, TETTARA$ 'ONTA$ KOINWNOU$ GEGONOTA$ SOFIA$, SE
TE-KAI TEISANDRON TON 'AFIDNAION KAI 'ANDRWNA TON 'ANDROTIWNO$
KAI NAUSIKUDHN TON COLARGEA; KAI POTE "UMWN 'EGW
'EPHKOUSA BOULEUOMENWN MECRI "OPOI THN SOFIAN 'ASKHTEON
'EIH, KAI 'OIDA "OTI4 'ENIKA 'EN "UMIN TOIADE TI$ DOXA, MH PROQUMEISQAI
'EI$ THN 'AKRIBEIAN FILOSOFEIN, 'ALLA= 'EULABEISQAI
<P 487D>
PAREKELEUESQE 'ALLHLOI$ "OPW$ MH PERA TOU* DEONTO$ SOFWTEROI
GENOMENOI LHSETE DIAFQARENTE$. 'EPEIDH 'OUN SOU4 'AKOUW0
'TAUTA 'EMOI4 SUMBOULEUONTO$ "APER TOI$ SEAUTOU "ETAIROTATOI$,
"IKANON MOI TEKMHRION 'ESTIN "OTI4 "W$ 'ALHQW$ MOI 'EUNOU$ 'EI*0.
KAI-MHN "OTI4 GE "OIO$ PARRHSIAZESQAI KAI MH 'AISCUNESQAI,
'AUTO$ TE FH=I$ KAI "O LOGO$ "ON 'OLIGON PROTERON 'ELEGE$ "OMOLOGEI0
SOI4. 'ECEI0 DH "OUTWSI DHLON "OTI4 TOUTWN PE=RI NUNI;
<P 487E>
'EA=N TI SU 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$ "OMOLOGHSHI$ MOI, BEBASANISMENON
TOUT' 'HDH 'ESTAI "IKANW$ "UP' 'EMOU4 TE-KAI SOU4, KAI 'OUKETI 'AUTO
DEHSEI2 'EP' 'ALLHN BASANON 'ANAFEREIN. 'OU-GAR 'AN4 POTE
'AUTO SUNECWRHSA$ SU 'OUTE SOFIA$ 'ENDEIA\ 'OUT' 'AISCUNH$
PERIOUSIA\, 'OUD' 'AU 'APATWN 'EME SUGCWRHSAI$ 'AN4; FILO$ GAR
MOI 'EI*0, "W$ KAI 'AUTO$ FH=I$. TW*I-'ONTI 'OUN "H 'EMH KAI "H SH
"OMOLOGIA TELO$ 'HDH "EXEI2 TH$ 'ALHQEIA$. PANTWN DE KALLISTH
'ESTIN "H SKEYI$, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, PERI= TOUTWN "WN SU
DH MOI 'EPETIMHSA$, POI*ON TINA CRH 'EINAI TON 'ANDRA KAI TI=


<P 488A>
'EPITHDEUEIN KAI MECRI TOU*2, KAI PRESBUTERON KAI NEWTERON
'ONTA. 'EGW GAR 'EI TI MH 'ORQW$ PRATTW0 KATA TON BION TON
'EMAUTOU, 'EU 'ISQI TOUTO "OTI4 'OUC "EKWN 'EXAMARTANW0 'ALL' 'AMAQIA\
THI 'EMHI; SU 'OUN, "WSPER 'HRXW NOUQETEIN ME, MH 'APOSTHI$,
'ALL' "IKANW$ MOI 'ENDEIXAI2 TI= 'ESTIN TOUTO "O= 'EPITHDEUTEON MOI,
KAI TI=NA TROPON KTHSAIMHN 'AN4 'AUTO, KAI 'EA=N ME LABHI$ NU*N
MEN SOI4 "OMOLOGHSANTA, 'EN DE TW*I "USTERWI CRONWI MH 'TAUTA
PRATTONTA "APER "WMOLOGHSA, PANU ME "HGOU BLAKA 'EINAI KAI
<P 488B>
MHKETI POTE ME NOUQETHSHI$ "USTERON, "W$ MHDENO$ 'AXION 'ONTA.
'EX 'ARCH$ DE MOI 'EPANALABE; PW*$ FH=I$ TO DIKAION 'ECEIN KAI
SU KAI PINDARO$ TO KATA FUSIN: 'AGEIN BIA\ TON KREITTW TA
TWN "HTTONWN KAI 'ARCEIN TON BELTIW TWN CEIRONWN KAI PLEON
'ECEIN TON 'AMEINW TOU* FAULOTEROU: MH TI 'ALLO LEGEI$ TO
DIKAION 'EINAI, 'H= 'ORQW$ MEMNHMAI:
KAL _ 'ALLA= TAUTA 'ELEGON KAI TO=TE KAI NU*N LEGW0.
SW _ POTERON DE TON 'AUTON BELTIW KALEI$0 SU KAI KREITTW:
<P 488C>
'OUDE-GAR-TOI TO=TE "OIO$-T'-'H*2 MAQEIN SOU4 TI= POTE LEGEI$.
POTERON TOU$ 'ISCUROTEROU$ KREITTOU$ KALEI$0 KAI DEI 'AKROASQAI
TOU* 'ISCUROTEROU TOU$ 'ASQENESTEROU$, "OION MOI DOKEI$
KAI TO=TE 'ENDEIKNUSQAI, "W$ "AI MEGALAI POLEI$ 'EPI TA$ SMIKRA$
KATA TO FUSEI DIKAION 'ERCONTAI, "OTI4 KREITTOU$ 'EISIN KAI
'ISCUROTERAI, "W$ TO KREITTON KAI 'ISCUROTERON KAI BELTION
'TAUTON 'ON, 'H= 'ESTI2 BELTIW MEN 'EINAI, "H=TTW DE-KAI 'ASQENESTERON,
KAI KREITTW MEN 'EINAI, MOCQHROTERON DE; 'H= "O 'AUTO$
<P 488D>
"ORO$ 'ESTIN TOU* BELTIONO$ KAI TOU* KREITTONO$: TOUTO MOI
'AUTO SAFW$ DIORISON2, 'TAUTON 'H= "ETERON 'ESTIN TO KREITTON KAI
TO BELTION KAI TO 'ISCUROTERON:
KAL _ 'ALL' 'EGW SOI4 SAFW$ LEGW0, "OTI4 'TAUTON 'ESTIN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "OI POLLOI TOU* "ENO$ KREITTOU$ 'EISIN KATA
FUSIN: "OI=4 DH-KAI TOU$ NOMOU$ TIQENTAI 'EPI TW*I "ENI, "WSPER
KAI SU 'ARTI 'ELEGE$.
KAL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ TA TWN POLLWN 'A=RA NOMIMA TA TWN KREITTONWN
'ESTIN.
KAL _ PANU GE.
<P 488E>
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TA TWN BELTIONWN: "OI GAR KREITTOU$ BELTIOU$
POU KATA TON SON LOGON.
KAL _ NAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TA TOUTWN NOMIMA KATA FUSIN KALA, KREITTONWN
GE 'ONTWN0:
KAL _ FHMI.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN "OI POLLOI NOMIZOUSIN0 "OUTW$, "W$ 'ARTI 'AU SU
'ELEGE$, DIKAION 'EINAI TO 'ISON 'ECEIN KAI 'AISCION TO 'ADIKEIN


<P 489A>
TOU* 'ADIKEISQAI: 'ESTIN TAUTA 'H= 'OU=: KAI "OPW$ MH "ALWSHI2
'ENTAUQA SU 'AU 'AISCUNOMENO$. NOMIZOUSIN0, 'H= 'OU=: "OI POLLOI
TO 'ISON 'ECEIN 'ALL' 'OU TO PLEON DIKAION 'EINAI, KAI 'AISCION
TO 'ADIKEIN TOU* 'ADIKEISQAI: MH FQONEI5 MOI 'APOKRINASQAI
TOUTO, KALLIKLEI$, "IN', 'EA=N MOI "OMOLOGHSHI$, BEBAIWSWMAI
'HDH PARA SOU4, "ATE "IKANOU 'ANDRO$ DIAGNWNAI0 "WMOLOGHKOTO$.
KAL _ 'ALL' "OI GE POLLOI NOMIZOUSIN0 "OUTW$.
SW _ 'OU NOMWI 'A=RA MONON 'ESTIN 'AISCION TO 'ADIKEIN TOU*
<P 489B>
'ADIKEISQAI, 'OUDE DIKAION TO 'ISON 'ECEIN, 'ALLA=-KAI FUSEI;
"WSTE KINDUNEUEI$ 'OUK 'ALHQH LEGEIN 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN 'OUDE
'ORQW$ 'EMOU4 KATHGOREIN LEGWN "OTI4 'ENANTION 'ESTIN "O NOMO$
KAI "H FUSI$, "A DH-KAI 'EGW GNOU$ KAKOURGW0 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$,
'EA=N MEN TI$ KATA FUSIN LEGHI5, 'EPI TON NOMON 'AGWN, 'EA=N DE
TI$ KATA NOMON, 'EPI THN FUSIN.
KAL _ "OUTOSI 'ANHR 'OU PAUSETAI FLUARWN. 'EIPE= MOI, 'W*
SWKRATE$, 'OUK 'AISCUNHI0 THLIKOUTO$ 'WN 'ONOMATA QHREUWN, KAI
<P 489C>
'EA=N TI$ "RHMATI "AMARTHI6, "ERMAION TOUTO POIOUMENO$: 'EME GAR
'OIEI 'ALLO TI LEGEIN TO KREITTOU$ 'EINAI 'H= TO BELTIOU$: 'OU
PALAI SOI4 LEGW0 "OTI4 'TAUTON FHMI 'EINAI TO BELTION KAI TO
KREITTON: 'H= 'OIEI ME LEGEIN, 'EA=N SURFETO$ SULLEGH*I DOULWN
KAI PANTODAPWN 'ANQRWPWN MHDENO$ 'AXIWN PLHN 'ISW$ TW*I
SWMATI 'ISCURISASQAI, KAI "OUTOI FWSIN 'ATTA, TAUTA 'EINAI
NOMIMA:
SW _ 'EIEN, 'W* SOFWTATE KALLIKLEI$; "OUTW LEGEI$:
KAL _ PANU MEN-'OUN:
<P 489D>
SW _ 'ALL' 'EGW MEN, 'W* DAIMONIE, KAI 'AUTO$ PALAI TOPAZW0
TOIOUTON TI SE LEGEIN TO KREITTON, KAI 'ANERWTW0 GLICOMENO$
SAFW$ 'EIDENAI "OTI2 LEGEI$. 'OU-GAR-DHPOU SU GE TOU$ DUO
BELTIOU$ "HGHI0 TOU* "ENO$, 'OUDE TOU$ SOU$ DOULOU$ BELTIOU$
SOU4, "OTI4 'ISCUROTEROI 'EISIN 'H= SU. 'ALLA= PALIN 'EX 'ARCH$ 'EIPE=,
TI= POTE LEGEI$ TOU$ BELTIOU$, 'EPEIDH 'OU TOU$ 'ISCUROTEROU$:
KAI, 'W* QAUMASIE, PRA\OTERON ME PRODIDASKE, "INA MH 'APOFOITHSW4
PARA SOU4.
<P 489E>
KAL _ 'EIRWNEUHI0, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ MA TON ZHQON, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, "WI SU CRWMENO$ POLLA
NUNDH 'EIRWNEUOU PRO$ ME. 'ALL' 'IQI 'EIPE=, TI=NA$ LEGEI$ TOU$
BELTIOU$ 'EINAI:
KAL _ TOU$ 'AMEINOU$ 'EGWGE.
SW _ "ORA*I$0 'A=RA "OTI4 SU 'AUTO$ 'ONOMATA LEGEI$, DHLOI$0 DE
'OUDEN: 'OUK 'EREI$2, TOU$ BELTIOU$ KAI KREITTOU$ POTERON TOU$
FRONIMWTEROU$ LEGEI$ 'H= 'ALLOU$ TINA$:
KAL _ 'ALLA= NAI MA DI=A TOUTOU$ LEGW0, KAI SFO=DRA GE.


<P 490A>
SW _ POLLAKI$ 'A=RA "EI$ FRONWN MURIWN MH FRONOUNTWN0
KREITTWN 'ESTIN KATA TON SON LOGON, KAI TOUTON 'ARCEIN DEI,
TOU$ D' 'ARCESQAI, KAI PLEON 'ECEIN TON 'ARCONTA TWN 'ARCOMENWN;
TOUTO GAR MOI DOKEI$ BOULESQAI LEGEIN % KAI 'OU
"RHMATI QHREUW0 % 'EI "O "EI$ TWN MURIWN KREITTWN.
KAL _ 'ALLA= TAUT' 'ESTIN "A LEGW0. TOUTO GAR 'OIMAI 'EGW
TO DIKAION 'EINAI FUSEI, TO BELTIW 'ONTA KAI FRONIMWTERON
KAI 'ARCEIN KAI PLEON 'ECEIN TWN FAULOTERWN.
<P 490B>
SW _ 'ECE DH 'AUTOU2. TI= POTE 'AU NU*N LEGEI$: 'EA=N 'EN
TW*I 'AUTWI 'WMEN, "WSPER NU*N, POLLOI "AQROOI, KAI "HMIN 'HI
'EN KOINWI POLLA SITIA KAI POTA, 'WMEN DE PANTODAPOI, "OI
MEN 'ISCUROI, "OI D' 'ASQENEI$, "EI$ DE "HMWN 'HI FRONIMWTERO$
PERI= TAUTA, 'IATRO$ 'WN, 'HI DE, 'OION 'EIKO$, TWN MEN 'ISCUROTERO$,
TWN DE 'ASQENESTERO$, 'ALLO TI 'H= "OUTO$, FRONIMWTERO$ "HMWN
'WN, BELTIWN KAI KREITTWN 'ESTAI 'EI$ TAUTA:
KAL _ PANU GE.
<P 490C>
SW _ 'H*-'OUN TOUTWN TWN SITIWN PLEON "HMWN "EKTEON 'AUTWI,
"OTI4 BELTIWN 'ESTIN, 'H= TW*I MEN 'ARCEIN PANTA 'EKEINON DEI NEMEIN0,
'EN8 TW*I DE 'ANALISKEIN TE 'AUTA KAI KATACRHSQAI 'EI$ TO "EAUTOU
SWMA 'OU PLEONEKTHTEON, 'EI MH MELLEI0 ZHMIOUSQAI, 'ALLA= TWN
MEN PLEON, TWN D' 'ELATTON "EKTEON, 'EA=N DE TUCHI6 PANTWN
'ASQENESTATO$ 'WN, PANTWN 'ELACISTON TW*I BELTISTWI, 'W* KALLIKLEI$:
'OUC "OUTW$, 'WGAQE:
KAL _ PERI=8 SITIA LEGEI$ KAI POTA KAI 'IATROU$ KAI FLUARIA$;
<P 490D>
'EGW DE 'OU TAUTA LEGW0.
SW _ POTERON 'OU TON FRONIMWTERON BELTIW LEGEI$: FAQI
'H= MH.
KAL _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'ALL' 'OU TON BELTIW PLEON DEIN 'ECEIN:
KAL _ 'OU SITIWN GE-'OUDE POTWN.
SW _ MANQANW0, 'ALL' 'ISW$ "IMATIWN, KAI DEI TON "UFANTIKWTATON
MEGISTON "IMATION 'ECEIN KAI PLEISTA KAI KALLISTA
'AMPECOMENON PERIIENAI:
KAL _ POI=WN "IMATIWN:
SW _ 'ALL' 'EI$ "UPODHMATA DHLON "OTI4 DEI PLEONEKTEIN TON
<P 490E>
FRONIMWTATON 'EI$ TAUTA KAI BELTISTON. TON SKUTOTOMON
'ISW$ MEGISTA DEI "UPODHMATA KAI PLEISTA "UPODEDEMENON
PERIPATEIN.
KAL _ POI*A "UPODHMATA: FLUAREI$ 'ECWN.
SW _ 'ALL' 'EI MH TA TOIAUTA LEGEI$, 'ISW$ TA TOIADE; "OION
GEWRGIKON 'ANDRA PERI= GHN FRONIMON TE-KAI KALON KAI 'AGAQON,
TOUTON DH 'ISW$ DEI PLEONEKTEIN TWN SPERMATWN KAI "W$
PLEISTWI SPERMATI CRHSQAI 'EI$ THN "AUTOU GHN.
KAL _ "W$ 'AEI 'TAUTA LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'OU MONON GE, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, 'ALLA=-KAI PERI= TWN
'AUTWN.


<P 491A>
KAL _ NH TOU$ QEOU$, 'ATECNW$ GE 'AEI SKUTEA$ TE-KAI
KNAFEA$ KAI MAGEIROU$ LEGWN KAI 'IATROU$ 'OUDEN PAUHI0, "W$
PERI= TOUTWN "HMIN 'ONTA TON LOGON.
SW _ 'OU=KOUN SU 'EREI$2 PERI= TI=NWN: TI=NWN "O KREITTWN TE-KAI
FRONIMWTERO$ PLEON 'ECWN DIKAIW$ PLEONEKTEI0: 'H= 'OUTE 'EMOU4
"UPOBALLONTO$ 'ANEXHI2 'OUT' 'AUTO$ 'EREI$2:
KAL _ 'ALL' 'EGWGE KAI PALAI LEGW0. PRWTON MEN TOU$
KREITTOU$ "OI=4 'EISIN 'OU SKUTOTOMOU$ LEGW0 'OUDE MAGEIROU$, 'ALL'
<P 491B>
"OI=4 'AN4 'EI$ TA TH$ POLEW$ PRAGMATA FRONIMOI 'WSIN, "ONTINA 'AN4
TROPON 'EU 'OIKOITO, KAI MH MONON FRONIMOI, 'ALLA=-KAI 'ANDREIOI,
"IKANOI 'ONTE$ "A 'AN4 NOHSWSIN 'EPITELEIN0, KAI MH 'APOKAMNWSI
DIA= MALAKIAN TH$ YUCH$.
SW _ "ORA*I$0, 'W* BELTISTE KALLIKLEI$, "W$ 'OU 'TAUTA SU T'
'EMOU4 KATHGOREI$0 KAI 'EGW SOU4: SU MEN-GAR 'EME FH=I$ 'AEI
'TAUTA LEGEIN, KAI MEMFHI0 MOI; 'EGW DE SOU4 'TOUNANTION, "OTI4
'OUDEPOTE 'TAUTA LEGEI$ PERI= TWN 'AUTWN, 'ALLA= TOTE= MEN TOU$
<P 491C>
BELTIOU$ TE-KAI KREITTOU$ TOU$ 'ISCUROTEROU$ "WRIZOU, 'AUQI$
DE TOU$ FRONIMWTEROU$, NU*N D' 'AU "ETERON TI "HKEI$ 'ECWN;
'ANDREIOTEROI TINE$ "UPO SOU4 LEGONTAI "OI KREITTOU$ KAI "OI
BELTIOU$. 'ALL', 'WGAQE, 'EIPWN 'APALLAGHQI TI=NA$ POTE LEGEI$
TOU$ BELTIOU$ TE-KAI KREITTOU$ KAI 'EI$ "OTI2.
KAL _ 'ALL' 'EIRHKA GE 'EGWGE TOU$ FRONIMOU$ 'EI$
TA TH$ POLEW$ PRAGMATA KAI 'ANDREIOU$. TOUTOU$ GAR
<P 491D>
PROSHKEI0 TWN POLEWN 'ARCEIN, KAI TO DIKAION TOUT'
'ESTIN, PLEON 'ECEIN TOUTOU$ TWN 'ALLWN, TOU$ 'ARCONTA$ TWN
'ARCOMENWN.
SW _ TI= DE "AUTWN, 'W* "ETAIRE: KAL _ TIH TI=: SW _ 'ARCONTA$ 'H=
'ARCOMENOU$:
KAL _ PW*$ LEGEI$:
SW _ "ENA "EKASTON LEGW0 'AUTON "EAUTOU 'ARCONTA; 'H= TOUTO
MEN 'OUDEN DEI, 'AUTON "EAUTOU 'ARCEIN, TWN DE 'ALLWN:
KAL _ PW*$ "EAUTOU 'ARCONTA LEGEI$:
SW _ 'OUDEN POIKILON, 'ALL' "WSPER "OI POLLOI, SWFRONA
'ONTA KAI 'EGKRATH 'AUTON "EAUTOU, TWN "HDONWN KAI 'EPIQUMIWN
<P 491E>
'ARCONTA TWN 'EN "EAUTWI.
KAL _ "W$ "HDU$ 'EI*. TOU$ 'HLIQIOU$ LEGEI$ TOU$ SWFRONA$.
SW _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=8: 'OUDEI$ "OSTI$ 'OUK 'AN4 GNOIH "OTI4 'OU TOUTO
LEGW0.
KAL _ PANU GE SFO=DRA, 'W* SWKRATE$. 'EPEI PW*$ 'AN4
'EUDAIMWN GENOITO 'ANQRWPO$ DOULEUWN "OTWIOUN: 'ALLA= TOUT'
'ESTIN TO KATA FUSIN KALON KAI DIKAION, "O= 'EGW SOI4 NU*N PARRHSIAZOMENO$
LEGW0, "OTI4 DEI TON 'ORQW$ BIWSOMENON TA$ MEN
'EPIQUMIA$ TA$ "EAUTOU 'EA*N "W$ MEGISTA$ 'EINAI KAI MH KOLAZEIN,


<P 492A>
TAUTAI$ DE "W$ MEGISTAI$ 'OUSAI$ "IKANON 'EINAI "UPHRETEIN DI'
'ANDREIAN KAI FRONHSIN, KAI 'APOPIMPLANAI "WN 'AN4 'AEI "H 'EPIQUMIA
GIGNHTAI. 'ALLA= TOUT' 'OIMAI TOI$ POLLOI$ 'OU DUNATON;
"OQEN YEGOUSIN0 TOU$ TOIOUTOU$ DI' 'AISCUNHN, 'APOKRUPTOMENOI
THN "AUTWN 'ADUNAMIAN, KAI 'AISCRON DH FASIN0 'EINAI THN 'AKOLASIAN,
"OPER 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN 'EGW 'ELEGON, DOULOUMENOI TOU$
BELTIOU$ THN FUSIN 'ANQRWPOU$, KAI 'AUTOI 'OU DUNAMENOI
'EKPORIZESQAI TAI$ "HDONAI$ PLHRWSIN 'EPAINOUSIN0 THN SWFROSUNHN
<P 492B>
KAI THN DIKAIOSUNHN DIA= THN "AUTWN 'ANANDRIAN. 'EPEI
"OSOI$ 'EX 'ARCH$ "UPHRXEN 'H= BASILEWN "UESIN 'EINAI 'H= 'AUTOU$ THI
FUSEI "IKANOU$ 'EKPORISASQAI 'ARCHN TINA, 'H= TURANNIDA 'H= DUNASTEIAN,
TI=7 'AN74 THI 'ALHQEIA\ 'AISCION KAI KAKION 'EIH SWFROSUNH$
KAI DIKAIOSUNH$ TOUTOI$ TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$, "OI$ 'EXON
'APOLAUEIN TWN 'AGAQWN KAI MHDENO$ 'EMPODWN 'ONTO$, 'AUTOI
"EAUTOI$ DESPOTHN 'EPAGAGOINTO TON TWN POLLWN 'ANQRWPWN
NOMON TE-KAI LOGON KAI YOGON: 'H= PW*$ 'OUK 'AN4 'AQLIOI GEGONOTE$-'EIHSAN
<P 492C>
"UPO TOU* KALOU TOUTOU, TH$ DIKAIOSUNH$ KAI TH$ SWFROSUNH$,
MHDEN PLEON NEMONTE$ TOI$ FILOI$ TOI$ "AUTWN 'H= TOI$ 'ECQROI$,
KAI TAUTA 'ARCONTE$ 'EN THI "EAUTWN POLEI: 'ALLA= THI 'ALHQEIA\,
'W* SWKRATE$, "HN FH=I$ SU DIWKEIN, "WD' 'ECEI0; TRUFH KAI 'AKOLASIA
KAI 'ELEUQERIA, 'EA=N 'EPIKOURIAN 'ECHI5, TOUT' 'ESTIN 'ARETH
TE-KAI 'EUDAIMONIA, TA DE 'A=LLA TAUT' 'ESTIN, TA KALLWPISMATA,
TA PARA FUSIN SUNQHMATA 'ANQRWPWN, FLUARIA KAI 'OUDENO$
'A=XIA.
<P 492D>
SW _ 'OUK 'AGENNW$ GE, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, 'EPEXERCHI0 TW*I LOGWI
PARRHSIAZOMENO$; SAFW$ GAR SU NU*N LEGEI$ "A "OI 'ALLOI
DIANOOUNTAI MEN, LEGEIN DE 'OUK 'EQELOUSIN0. DEOMAI 'OUN 'EGW
SOU4 MHDENI TROPWI 'ANEINAI0, "INA TW*I-'ONTI KATADHLON GENHTAI
PW*$ BIWTEON. KAI MOI LEGE; TA$ MEN 'EPIQUMIA$ FH=I$ 'OU
KOLASTEON, 'EI MELLEI0 TI$ "OION DEI 'EINAI, 'EWNTA DE 'AUTA$ "W$
MEGISTA$ PLHRWSIN 'AUTAI$ "AMOQEN GE POQEN "ETOIMAZEIN, KAI
<P 492E>
TOUTO 'EINAI THN 'ARETHN:
KAL _ FHMI TAUTA 'EGW.
SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA 'ORQW$ LEGONTAI "OI MHDENO$ DEOMENOI 'EUDAIMONE$
'EINAI.
KAL _ "OI LIQOI GAR 'AN4 "OUTW GE-KAI "OI NEKROI 'EUDAIMONESTATOI
'EIEN.
SW _ 'ALLA=-MEN-DH-KAI "WN GE SU LEGEI$ DEINO$ "O BIO$.
'OU-GAR-TOI QAUMAZOIM' 'AN4 'EI 'EURIPIDH$ 'ALHQH 'EN TOISDE
LEGEI0, LEGWN %
TI=$9 D'9 'OIDEN9, 'EI9 TO9 ZHN9 MEN9 'ESTI9 KATQANEIN9,
TO9 KATQANEIN9 DE9 ZHN9:


<P 493A>
KAI "HMEI$ TW*I-'ONTI 'ISW$ TEQNAMEN; 'HDH GAR TOU 'EGWGE KAI
'HKOUSA TWN SOFWN "W$ NU*N "HMEI$ TEQNAMEN KAI TO MEN
SWMA 'ESTIN "HMIN SHMA, TH$ DE YUCH$ TOUTO 'EN "WI "AI 'EPIQUMIAI
'EISI TUGCANEI0 'ON "OION 'ANAPEIQESQAI KAI METAPIPTEIN
'ANW KATW, KAI TOUTO 'A=RA TI$ MUQOLOGWN KOMYO$ 'ANHR, 'ISW$
SIKELO$ TI$ 'H= 'ITALIKO$, PARAGWN TW*I 'ONOMATI DIA= TO PIQANON
TE-KAI PEISTIKON 'WNOMASE PIQON, TOU$ DE 'ANOHTOU$ 'AMUHTOU$,
<P 493B>
TWN D' 'ANOHTWN TOUTO TH$ YUCH$ "OU42 "AI 'EPIQUMIAI 'EISI,
SUNEI=$7 TO 'AKOLASTON 'AUTOU4 KAI 'OU STEGANON "W$ TETRHMENO$ 'EIH
PIQO$, DIA= THN 'APLHSTIAN 'APEIKASA$. 'TOUNANTION DH "OUTO$
SOI4, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, 'ENDEIKNUTAI "W$ TWN 'EN "AIDOU % TO 'AIDE$
DH LEGWN % "OUTOI 'AQLIWTATOI 'EIEN, "OI 'AMUHTOI, KAI FOROIEN
'EI$ TON TETRHMENON PIQON "UDWR "ETERWI TOIOUTWI TETRHMENWI,
KOSKINWI. TO DE KOSKINON 'A=RA LEGEI0, "W$ 'EFH "O PRO$ 'EME
<P 493C>
LEGWN, THN YUCHN 'EINAI; THN DE YUCHN KOSKINWI 'APHIKASEN
THN TWN 'ANOHTWN "W$ TETRHMENHN, "ATE 'OU DUNAMENHN STEGEIN
DI' 'APISTIAN TE-KAI LHQHN. TAUT' 'EPIEIKW$ MEN 'ESTIN "UPO
TI 'ATOPA, DHLOI0 MHN "O= 'EGW BOULOMAI SOI4 'ENDEIXAMENO$, 'EA=N
PW$ "OIO$-TE-'W*2, PEISAI0 METAQESQAI, 'ANTI TOU* 'APLHSTW$ KAI
'AKOLASTW$ 'ECONTO$ BIOU TON KOSMIW$ KAI TOI$ 'AEI PAROUSIN
"IKANW$ KAI 'EXARKOUNTW$ 'ECONTA BION "ELESQAI. 'ALLA= POTERON
<P 493D>
PEIQW0 TI SE KAI METATIQESAI 'EUDAIMONESTEROU$ 'EINAI
TOU$ KOSMIOU$ TWN 'AKOLASTWN, 'H= 'OUD' 'AN2 'A=LLA POLLA
TOIAUTA MUQOLOGW3, 'OUDEN TI MALLON METAQHSHI2:
KAL _ TOUT' 'ALHQESTERON 'EIRHKA$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ FERE DH, 'ALLHN SOI4 'EIKONA LEGW0 'EK TOU* 'AUTOU4
GUMNASIOU THI NU*N. SKOPEI5 GAR 'EI TOIONDE LEGEI$ PERI= TOU*
BIOU "EKATEROU, TOU* TE SWFRONO$ KAI TOU* 'AKOLASTOU, "OION
'EI DUOIN 'ANDROIN "EKATERWI PIQOI POLLOI 'EIEN KAI TW*I MEN
<P 493E>
"ETERWI "UGIEI$ KAI PLHREI$, "O MEN 'OINOU, "O DE MELITO$, "O DE
GALAKTO$, KAI 'ALLOI POLLOI POLLWN, NAMATA DE SPA=NIA KAI
CALEPA "EKASTOU TOUTWN 'EIH KAI META POLLWN PONWN KAI
CALEPWN 'EKPORIZOMENA; "O MEN-'OUN "ETERO$ PLHRWSAMENO$
MHT' 'EPOCETEUOI MHTE TI FRONTIZOI, 'ALL' "ENEKA TOUTWN
"HSUCIAN 'ECOI; TW*I D' "ETERWI TA MEN NAMATA, "WSPER KAI
'EKEINWI, DUNATA MEN PORIZESQAI, CALEPA DE, TA D' 'AGGEIA
TETRHMENA KAI SAQRA, 'ANAGKAZOITO D' 'AEI KAI NUKTA KAI


<P 494A>
"HMERAN PIMPLANAI 'AUTA, 'H= TA$ 'ESCATA$ LUPOITO LUPA$;
'A*RA TOIOUTOU "EKATEROU 'ONTO$ TOU* BIOU, LEGEI$ TON TOU* 'AKOLASTOU
'EUDAIMONESTERON 'EINAI 'H= TON TOU* KOSMIOU: PEIQW0
TI SE TAUTA LEGWN SUGCWRHSAI0 TON KOSMION BION TOU*
'AKOLASTOU 'AMEINW 'EINAI, 'H= 'OU PEIQW0:
KAL _ 'OU PEIQEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$. TW*I MEN-GAR PLHRWSAMENWI
'EKEINWI 'OUKET' 'ESTIN "HDONH 'OUDEMIA, 'ALLA= TOUT'
'ESTIN "O= NUNDH 'EGW 'ELEGON, TO "WSPER LIQON ZHN, 'EPEIDAN
<P 494B>
PLHRWQHI, MHTE CAIRONTA 'ETI MHTE LUPOUMENON. 'ALL' 'EN
TOUTWI 'ESTIN TO "HDEW$ ZHN, 'EN TW*I "W$ PLEISTON 'EPIRREIN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'ANAGKH G', 'AN2 POLU 'EPIRREHI5, POLU KAI TO
'APION 'EINAI, KAI MEGAL' 'ATTA TA TRHMATA 'EINAI TAI$ 'EKROAI$:
KAL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ CARADRIOU TINA 'AU SU BION LEGEI$, 'ALL' 'OU NEKROU
'OUDE LIQOU. KAI MOI LEGE; TO TOIONDE LEGEI$ "OION PEINHN
KAI PEINWNTA 'ESQIEIN:
KAL _ 'EGWGE.
<P 494C>
SW _ KAI DIYHN GE-KAI DIYWNTA PINEIN:
KAL _ LEGW0, KAI TA$ 'ALLA$ 'EPIQUMIA$ "APASA$ 'ECONTA
KAI DUNAMENON PLHROUN0 CAIRONTA 'EUDAIMONW$ ZHN.
SW _ 'EUGE, 'W* BELTISTE; DIATELEI5 GAR "WSPER 'HRXW, KAI
"OPW$ MH 'APAISCUNHI2. DEI DE, "W$ 'EOIKE0, MHD' 'EME 'APAISCUNQHNAI.
KAI PRWTON MEN 'EIPE= 'EI KAI YWRWNTA KAI
KNHSIWNTA, 'AFQONW$ 'ECONTA TOU* KNHSQAI, KNWMENON DIATELOUNTA0
TON BION 'EUDAIMONW$ 'ESTI20 ZHN.
<P 494D>
KAL _ "W$ 'ATOPO$ 'EI*, 'W* SWKRATE$, KAI 'ATECNW$ DHMHGORO$.
SW _ TOIGARTOI, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, PWLON MEN-KAI GORGIAN
KAI 'EXEPLHXA KAI 'AISCUNESQAI 'EPOIHSA, SU DE 'OU MH
'EKPLAGHI$ 'OUDE MH 'AISCUNQHI$; 'ANDREIO$ GAR 'EI*. 'ALL' 'APOKRINOU
MONON.
KAL _ FHMI TOINUN-KAI TON KNWMENON "HDEW$ 'AN4 BIWNAI0.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EIPER "HDEW$, KAI 'EUDAIMONW$:
KAL _ PANU GE.
<P 494E>
SW _ POTERON 'EI THN KEFALHN MONON KNHSIWI % 'H= 'ETI TI
SE 'ERWTW3: "ORA, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, TI= 'APOKRINHI2, 'EA=N TI$ SE
TA 'ECOMENA TOUTOI$ 'EFEXH$ "APANTA 'ERWTA*I2. KAI TO7 TOUTWN
TOIOUTWN 'ONTWN0 KEFALAION, "O TWN KINAIDWN BIO$, "OUTO$ 'OU
DEINO$ KAI 'AISCRO$ KAI 'AQLIO$: 'H= TOUTOU$ TOLMHSEI$ LEGEIN
'EUDAIMONA$ 'EINAI, 'EA=N 'AFQONW$ 'ECWSIN "WN DEONTAI:
KAL _ 'OUK 'AISCUNHI0 'EI$ TOIAUTA 'AGWN, 'W* SWKRATE$, TOU$
LOGOU$:
SW _ 'H*-GAR 'EGW 'AGW0 'ENTAUQA, 'W* GENNAIE, 'H= 'EKEINO$
"O$4 'AN4 FHI5 'ANEDHN "OUTW TOU$ CAIRONTA$, "OPW$ 'AN4 CAIRWSIN,


<P 495A>
'EUDAIMONA$ 'EINAI, KAI MH DIORIZHTAI TWN "HDONWN "OPOIAI
'AGAQAI KAI KAKAI: 'ALL' 'ETI KAI NU*N LEGE POTERON FH=I$ 'EINAI
TO 'AUTO "HDU KAI 'AGAQON, 'H= 'EINAI TI TWN "HDEWN "O= 'OUK 'ESTIN
'AGAQON:
KAL _ "INA DH MOI MH 'ANOMOLOGOUMENO$ 'HI "O LOGO$, 'EA=N
"ETERON FHSW4 'EINAI, TO 'AUTO FHMI 'EINAI.
SW _ DIAFQEIREI$, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, TOU$ PRWTOU$ LOGOU$,
KAI 'OUK 'AN4 'ETI MET' 'EMOU4 "IKANW$ TA 'ONTA 'EXETAZOI$, 'EIPER
PARA TA DOKOUNTA SAUTWI 'EREI$2.
<P 495B>
KAL _ KAI-GAR SU, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'OU-TOINUN 'ORQW$ POIW0 'OUT' 'EGW, 'EIPER POIW0 TOUTO,
'OUTE SU. 'ALL', 'W* MAKARIE, 'AQREI5 MH 'OU TOUTO 'HI TO 'AGAQON,
TO PANTW$ CAIREIN; TAUTA TE-GAR TA NUNDH 'AINICQENTA
POLLA KAI 'AISCRA FAINETAI SUMBAINONTA, 'EI TOUTO "OUTW$
'ECEI0, KAI 'A=LLA POLLA.
KAL _ "W$ SU GE 'OIEI, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ SU DE TW*I-'ONTI, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, TAUTA 'ISCURIZHI0:
KAL _ 'EGWGE.
<P 495C>
SW _ 'EPICEIRWMEN 'A=RA TW*I LOGWI "W$ SOU4 SPOUDAZONTO$:
KAL _ PANU GE SFO=DRA.
SW _ 'IQI DH MOI, 'EPEIDH "OUTW DOKEI0, DIELOU TADE; 'EPISTHMHN
POU KALEI$0 TI: KAL _ 'EGWGE. SW _ 'OU-KAI 'ANDREIAN
NUNDH 'ELEGE$ TINA 'EINAI META 'EPISTHMH$: KAL _
'ELEGON GAR. SW _ 'ALLO TI 'OUN "W$ "ETERON THN 'ANDREIAN
TH$ 'EPISTHMH$ DUO TAUTA 'ELEGE$: KAL _ SFO=DRA GE.
SW _ TI= DE: "HDONHN KAI 'EPISTHMHN 'TAUTON 'H= "ETERON:
<P 495D>
KAL _ "ETERON DHPOU, 'W* SOFWTATE SU. SW _ 'H*-KAI 'ANDREIAN
"ETERAN "HDONH$: KAL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=: SW _ FERE DH
"OPW$ MEMNHSOMEQA TAUTA, "OTI4 KALLIKLH$ 'EFH 'ACARNEU$
"HDU MEN-KAI 'AGAQON 'TAUTON 'EINAI, 'EPISTHMHN DE-KAI 'ANDREIAN
KAI 'ALLHLWN KAI TOU* 'AGAQOU "ETERON.
KAL _ SWKRATH$ DE-GE "HMIN "O 'ALWPEKHQEN 'OUC "OMOLOGEI0
TAUTA, 'H= "OMOLOGEI0:
<P 495E>
SW _ 'OUC "OMOLOGEI0; 'OIMAI DE-GE 'OUDE KALLIKLH$, "OTAN
'AUTO$ "AUTON QEASHTAI 'ORQW$. 'EIPE= GAR MOI, TOU$ 'EU PRATTONTA$
TOI$ KAKW$ PRATTOUSIN4 'OU 'TOUNANTION "HGHI0 PAQO$
PEPONQENAI:
KAL _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN, 'EIPER 'ENANTIA 'ESTIN TAUTA 'ALLHLOI$,
'ANAGKH PERI= 'AUTWN 'ECEIN "WSPER PERI= "UGIEIA$ 'ECEI0 KAI NOSOU:
'OU-GAR "AMA DHPOU "UGIAINEI0 TE-KAI NOSEI0 "O 'ANQRWPO$, 'OUDE
"AMA 'APALLATTETAI "UGIEIA$ TE-KAI NOSOU.
KAL _ PW*$ LEGEI$:
SW _ "OION PERI= "OTOU BOULEI TOU* SWMATO$ 'APOLABWN


<P 496A>
SKOPEI5. NOSEI0 POU 'ANQRWPO$ 'OFQALMOU$, "WI 'ONOMA 'OFQALMIA:
KAL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=: SW _ 'OU-DHPOU-KAI "UGIAINEI0 GE
"AMA TOU$ 'AUTOU$: KAL _ 'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN. SW _ TI= DE
"OTAN TH$ 'OFQALMIA$ 'APALLATTHTAI: 'A*RA TO=TE KAI TH$ "UGIEIA$
'APALLATTETAI TWN 'OFQALMWN KAI TELEUTWN "AMA 'AMFOTERWN
'APHLLAKTAI: KAL _ "HKISTA GE. SW _ QAUMASION GAR
<P 496B>
'OIMAI KAI 'ALOGON GIGNETAI; 'H*-GAR: KAL _ SFO=DRA GE.
SW _ 'ALL' 'EN MEREI 'OIMAI "EKATERON KAI LAMBANEI0 KAI 'APOLLUSI0:
KAL _ FHMI. SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'ISCUN KAI 'ASQENEIAN
"WSAUTW$: KAL _ NAI. SW _ KAI TACO$ KAI BRADUTHTA:
KAL _ PANU GE. SW _ 'H*-KAI 'TAGAQA KAI THN 'EUDAIMONIAN KAI
'TANANTIA TOUTWN, KAKA TE-KAI 'AQLIOTHTA, 'EN MEREI LAMBANEI0
KAI 'EN MEREI 'APALLATTETAI "EKATEROU: KAL _ PANTW$ DHPOU
<P 496C>
SW _ 'EA=N "EURWMEN 'A=RA 'ATTA "WN "AMA TE 'APALLATTETAI
'ANQRWPO$ KAI "AMA 'ECEI0, DHLON "OTI4 TAUTA GE 'OUK 'AN4 'EIH TO
TE 'AGAQON KAI TO KAKON. "OMOLOGOUMEN TAUTA: KAI 'EU MALA
SKEYAMENO$ 'APOKRINOU. KAL _ 'ALL' "UPERFUW$ "W$
"OMOLOGW0.
SW _ 'IQI DH 'EPI TA 'EMPROSQEN "WMOLOGHMENA. TO PEINHN
'ELEGE$ % POTERON "HDU 'H= 'ANIARON 'EINAI: 'AUTO LEGW0 TO PEINHN.
KAL _ 'ANIARON 'EGWGE; TO MENTOI PEINWNTA 'ESQIEIN "HDU.
<P 496D>
SW _ KAI 'EGW; MANQANW0. 'ALL'-'OUN TO GE PEINHN 'AUTO 'ANIARON;
'H= 'OUCI: KAL _ FHMI. SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TO DIYHN: KAL _
SFO=DRA GE. SW _ POTERON 'OUN 'ETI PLEIW 'ERWTW3, 'H= "OMOLOGEI$
"APASAN 'ENDEIAN KAI 'EPIQUMIAN 'ANIARON 'EINAI: KAL _ "OMOLOGW0,
'ALLA= MH 'ERWTA. SW _ 'EIEN; DIYWNTA DE-DH PINEIN
'ALLO TI 'H= "HDU FH=I$ 'EINAI: KAL _ 'EGWGE. SW _ 'OUKOU*N
TOUTOU "OU2 LEGEI$ TO MEN DIYWNTA LUPOUMENON DHPOU 'ESTIN:
<P 496E>
KAL _ NAI. SW _ TO DE PINEIN PLHRWSI$ TE TH$ 'ENDEIA$
KAI "HDONH: KAL _ NAI. SW _ 'OUKOU*N KATA TO PINEIN CAIREIN
LEGEI$: KAL _ MALISTA. SW _ DIYWNTA GE. KAL _
FHMI. SW _ LUPOUMENON: KAL _ NAI. SW _ 'AISQANHI0 'OUN
TO SUMBAINON, "OTI4 LUPOUMENON CAIREIN LEGEI$ "AMA, "OTAN
DIYWNTA PINEIN LEGHI$: 'H= 'OUC "AMA TOUTO GIGNETAI KATA
TON 'AUTON TOPON KAI8 CRONON8 'EI=TE YUCH$ 'EI=TE SWMATO$
BOULEI: 'OUDEN GAR 'OIMAI DIAFEREI0. 'ESTI TAUTA 'H= 'OU=:
KAL _ 'ESTIN. SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN 'EU GE PRATTONTA KAKW$


<P 497A>
PRATTEIN "AMA 'ADUNATON FH=I$ 'EINAI. KAL _ FHMI GAR. SW _
'ANIWMENON DE-GE CAIREIN DUNATON "WMOLOGHKA$. KAL _
FAINETAI. SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA TO CAIREIN 'ESTIN 'EU PRATTEIN
'OUDE TO 'ANIASQAI KAKW$, "WSTE "ETERON GIGNETAI TO "HDU TOU*
'AGAQOU.
KAL _ 'OUK 'OID' "ATTA SOFIZHI0, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'OISQA, 'ALLA= 'AKKIZHI0, 'W* KALLIKLEI$; KAI PROIQI GE
'ETI 'EI$ TO 'EMPROSQEN. KAL _ TI= 'ECWN LHREI$: SW _ "INA 'EIDHI$ "W$ SOFO$
<P 497B>
'WN ME NOUQETEI$. 'OUC "AMA DIYWN TE "EKASTO$ "HMWN PEPAUTAI
KAI "AMA "HDOMENO$ DIA= TOU* PINEIN:
KAL _ 'OUK 'OIDA "OTI2 LEGEI$.
GOR _ MHDAMW$, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, 'ALL' 'APOKRINOU KAI "HMWN
"ENEKA, "INA PERANQWSIN "OI LOGOI.
KAL _ 'ALL' 'AEI TOIOUTO$ 'ESTIN SWKRATH$, 'W* GORGIA;
SMIKRA KAI 'OLIGOU 'A=XIA 'ANERWTA*I0 KAI 'EXELEGCEI0.
GOR _ 'ALLA= TI= SOI4 DIAFEREI0: PANTW$ 'OU SH "AU=TH "H TIMH,
'W* KALLIKLEI$; 'ALL' "UPOSCE$ SWKRATEI 'EXELEGXAI0 "OPW$ 'AN4
BOULHTAI.
<P 497C>
KAL _ 'ERWTA DH SU TA SMIKRA TE-KAI STENA TAUTA,
'EPEIPER GORGIA\ DOKEI0 "OUTW$.
SW _ 'EUDAIMWN 'EI*, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, "OTI4 TA MEGALA MEMUHSAI
PRIN TA SMIKRA; 'EGW D' 'OUK 'WIMHN QEMITON 'EINAI.
"OQEN 'OUN 'APELIPE$ 'APOKRINOU, 'EI 'OUC "AMA PAUETAI DIYWN
"EKASTO$ "HMWN KAI "HDOMENO$. KAL _ FHMI. SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI
PEINWN KAI TWN 'ALLWN 'EPIQUMIWN KAI "HDONWN "AMA
PAUETAI: KAL _ 'ESTI TAUTA. SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TWN LUPWN
<P 497D>
KAI TWN "HDONWN "AMA PAUETAI: KAL _ NAI. SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN
TWN 'AGAQWN GE-KAI KAKWN 'OUC "AMA PAUETAI, "W$ SU
"WMOLOGEI$; NU*N DE 'OUC "OMOLOGEI$: KAL _ 'EGWGE; TI=
'OUN-DH:
SW _ "OTI4 'OU TA 'AUTA GIGNETAI, 'W* FILE, 'TAGAQA TOI$
"HDESIN 'OUDE TA KAKA TOI$ 'ANIAROI$. TWN MEN-GAR "AMA
PAUETAI, TWN DE 'OU=, "W$ "ETERWN 'ONTWN0; PW*$ 'OUN 'TAUTA 'AN4
'EIH TA "HDEA TOI$ 'AGAQOI$ 'H= TA 'ANIARA TOI$ KAKOI$: 'EA=N DE
BOULHI3, KAI THIDE 'EPISKEYAI2; 'OIMAI GAR SOI4 'OUDE TAUTHI
<P 497E>
"OMOLOGEISQAI. 'AQREI5 DE; TOU$ 'AGAQOU$ 'OUCI 'AGAQWN PAROUSIA\
'AGAQOU$ KALEI$0, "WSPER TOU$8 KALOU$ "OI$ 'AN4 KALLO$
PARHI5: KAL _ 'EGWGE. SW _ TI= DE: 'AGAQOU$ 'ANDRA$ KALEI$0
'AFRONA$ KAI DEILOU$: 'OU-GAR 'ARTI GE, 'ALLA= TOU$ 'ANDREIOU$
KAI FRONIMOU$ 'ELEGE$; 'H= 'OU TOUTOU$ 'AGAQOU$ KALEI$0:
KAL _ PANU MEN-'OUN. SW _ TI= DE: PAIDA 'ANOHTON CAIRONTA
'HDH 'EIDE$: KAL _ 'EGWGE. SW _ 'ANDRA DE 'OUPW 'EIDE$
'ANOHTON CAIRONTA: KAL _ 'OIMAI 'EGWGE; 'ALLA= TI= TOUTO:


<P 498A>
SW _ 'OUDEN; 'ALL' 'APOKRINOU. KAL _ 'EIDON. SW _ TI= DE:
NOUN 'ECONTA LUPOUMENON KAI CAIRONTA: KAL _ FHMI.
SW _ POTEROI DE MALLON CAIROUSI0 KAI LUPOUNTAI, "OI FRONIMOI
'H= "OI 'AFRONE$: KAL _ 'OIMAI 'EGWGE 'OU POLU TI DIAFEREIN.
SW _ 'ALL' 'ARKEI0 KAI TOUTO. 'EN POLEMWI DE 'HDH
'EIDE$ 'ANDRA DEILON: KAL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=: SW _ TI= 'OUN:
'APIONTWN0 TWN POLEMIWN POTEROI SOI4 'EDOKOUN MALLON CAIREIN,
"OI DEILOI 'H= "OI 'ANDREIOI: KAL _ 'AMFOTEROI 'EMOIGE CAIREIN,
<P 498B>
'ISW$ D' 'EKEINOI GE MALLON; 'EI DE MH, PARAPLHSIW$ GE. SW _ 'OUDEN DIAFEREI0.
CAIROUSIN0 D'-'OUN-KAI "OI DEILOI: KAL _ SFO=DRA GE. SW _
KAI "OI 'AFRONE$, "W$ 'EOIKEN0. KAL _ NAI. SW _ PROSIONTWN0
DE "OI DEILOI MONOI LUPOUNTAI 'H=-KAI "OI 'ANDREIOI: KAL _ 'AMFOTEROI.
SW _ 'A*RA "OMOIW$: KAL _ MALLON 'ISW$ "OI
DEILOI. SW _ 'APIONTWN0 D' 'OU MALLON CAIROUSIN0: KAL _
'ISW$. SW _ 'OUKOU*N LUPOUNTAI MEN-KAI CAIROUSIN0 KAI "OI
'AFRONE$ KAI "OI FRONIMOI KAI "OI DEILOI KAI "OI 'ANDREIOI PARAPLHSIW$,
<P 498C>
"W$ SU FH=I$, MALLON DE "OI DEILOI TWN 'ANDREIWN:
KAL _ FHMI. SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN "OI GE FRONIMOI KAI
'ANDREIOI 'AGAQOI, "OI DE DEILOI KAI 'AFRONE$ KAKOI: KAL _
NAI. SW _ PARAPLHSIW$ 'A=RA CAIROUSIN0 KAI LUPOUNTAI "OI
'AGAQOI KAI "OI KAKOI: KAL _ FHMI.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN PARAPLHSIW$ 'EISIN 'AGAQOI KAI KAKOI "OI
'AGAQOI TE-KAI "OI KAKOI: 'H=-KAI 'ETI MALLON 'AGAQOI "OI8 'AGAQOI8
KAI8 KAKOI8 'EISIN "OI KAKOI:
<P 498D>
KAL _ 'ALLA= MA DI=' 'OUK 'OID' "OTI2 LEGEI$.
SW _ 'OUK 'OISQ' "OTI4 TOU$ 'AGAQOU$ 'AGAQWN FH=I$ PAROUSIA\
'EINAI 'AGAQOU$, KAI KAKOU$ DE KAKWN: TA DE 'AGAQA 'EINAI TA$
"HDONA$, KAKA DE TA$ 'ANIA$: KAL _ 'EGWGE. SW _ 'OUKOU*N
TOI$ CAIROUSIN4 PARESTIN 'TAGAQA, "AI "HDONAI, 'EIPER CAIROUSIN0:
KAL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=: SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'AGAQWN PARONTWN0
'AGAQOI 'EISIN "OI CAIRONTE$: KAL _ NAI. SW _ TI= DE: TOI$
'ANIWMENOI$ 'OU PARESTIN TA KAKA, "AI LUPAI: KAL _ PARESTIN.
<P 498E>
SW _ KAKWN DE-GE PAROUSIA\ FH=I$ SU 'EINAI KAKOU$ TOU$
KAKOU$; 'H= 'OUKETI FH=I$: KAL _ 'EGWGE. SW _ 'AGAQOI 'A=RA
"OI=4 'AN4 CAIRWSI, KAKOI DE "OI=4 'AN4 'ANIWNTAI2: KAL _ PANU GE.
SW _ "OI=4 MEN-GE MALLON MALLON, "OI=4 D' "HTTON "HTTON, "OI=4 DE
PARAPLHSIW$ PARAPLHSIW$: KAL _ NAI. SW _ 'OUKOU*N
FH=I$ PARAPLHSIW$ CAIREIN KAI LUPEISQAI TOU$ FRONIMOU$
KAI TOU$ 'AFRONA$ KAI TOU$ DEILOU$ KAI TOU$ 'ANDREIOU$, 'H=-KAI
MALLON 'ETI TOU$ DEILOU$:
KAL _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ SULLOGISAI2 DH KOINHI MET' 'EMOU4 TI= "HMIN SUMBAINEI0
'EK TWN "WMOLOGHMENWN; KAI DI$ GAR-TOI-KAI TRI$ FASIN0 KALON


<P 499A>
'EINAI TA KALA LEGEIN TE-KAI 'EPISKOPEISQAI. 'AGAQON MEN
'EINAI TON FRONIMON KAI 'ANDREION FAMEN. 'H*-GAR: KAL _
NAI. SW _ KAKON DE TON 'AFRONA KAI DEILON: KAL _ PANU
GE. SW _ 'AGAQON DE 'AU TON CAIRONTA: KAL _ NAI.
SW _ KAKON DE TON 'ANIWMENON: KAL _ 'ANAGKH. SW _
'ANIASQAI DE-KAI CAIREIN TON 'AGAQON KAI KAKON "OMOIW$,
'ISW$ DE-KAI MALLON TON KAKON: KAL _ NAI. SW _ 'OUKOU*N
"OMOIW$ GIGNETAI KAKO$ KAI 'AGAQO$ TW*I 'AGAQWI 'H=-KAI MALLON
<P 499B>
'AGAQO$ "O KAKO$: 'OU TAUTA SUMBAINEI0 KAI TA PRO=TERA 'EKEINA,
'EA=N TI$ 'TAUTA FHI5 "HDEA TE-KAI 'AGAQA 'EINAI: 'OU TAUTA 'ANAGKH,
'W* KALLIKLEI$:
KAL _ PALAI TOI SOU4 'AKROWMAI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, KAQOMOLOGWN,
'ENQUMOUMENO$ "OTI4, 'KAN2 PAIZWN TI$ SOI4 'ENDWI0 "OTIOUN,
TOUTOU "ASMENO$ 'ECHI0 "WSPER TA MEIRAKIA. "W$ DH SU 'OIEI
'EME 'H=-KAI 'ALLON "ONTINOUN 'ANQRWPWN 'OUC "HGEISQAI TA$ MEN
BELTIOU$ "HDONA$, TA$ DE CEIROU$.
SW _ 'IOU= 'IOU=, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, "W$ PANOURGO$ 'EI*0 KAI MOI
<P 499C>
"WSPER PAIDI CRHI3, TOTE= MEN TA 'AUTA FASKWN "OUTW$ 'ECEIN,
TOTE= DE "ETERW$, 'EXAPATWN ME. KAITOI 'OUK 'WIMHN GE KAT'
'ARCA$ "UPO SOU4 "EKONTO$ 'EINAI 'EXAPATHQHSESQAI, "W$ 'ONTO$
FILOU; NU*N DE 'EYEUSQHN, KAI "W$ 'EOIKEN0 'ANAGKH MOI KATA TON
PALAION LOGON TO PARON 'EU POIEIN KAI TOUTO DECESQAI TO
DIDOMENON PARA SOU4. 'ESTIN DE-DH, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "O= NU*N LEGEI$,
"OTI4 "HDONAI TINE$ 'EISIN "AI MEN 'AGAQAI, "AI DE KAKAI; 'H*-GAR:
<P 499D>
KAL _ NAI. SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN 'AGAQAI MEN "AI 'WFELIMOI, KAKAI
DE "AI BLABERAI: KAL _ PANU GE. SW _ 'WFELIMOI DE-GE
"AI 'AGAQON TI POIOUSAI, KAKAI DE "AI KAKON TI: KAL _ FHMI.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN TA$ TOIASDE LEGEI$, "OION KATA TA SWMA "A$
NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN 'EN TW*I 'ESQIEIN KAI PINEIN "HDONA$ % 'EI8 'A*RA
TOUTWN "AI MEN "UGIEIAN POIOUSAI 'EN TW*I SWMATI, 'H= 'ISCUN 'H=
'ALLHN TINA 'ARETHN TOU* SWMATO$, "AUTAI MEN 'AGAQAI, "AI DE
<P 499E>
'TANANTIA TOUTWN KAKAI: KAL _ PANU GE. SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI
LUPAI "WSAUTW$ "AI MEN CRHSTAI 'EISIN, "AI DE PONHRAI:
KAL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=: SW _ 'OUKOU*N TA$ MEN CRHSTA$ KAI
"HDONA$ KAI LUPA$ KAI "AIRETEON 'ESTIN KAI PRAKTEON: KAL _
PANU GE. SW _ TA$ DE PONHRA$ OU=: KAL _ DHLON DH.
SW _ "ENEKA GAR-POU TWN 'AGAQWN "APANTA "HMIN 'EDOXEN
PRAKTEON 'EINAI, 'EI MNHMONEUEI$, 'EMOI4 TE-KAI PWLWI. 'A*RA-KAI
SOI4 SUNDOKEI0 "OUTW, TELO$ 'EINAI "APASWN TWN PRAXEWN TO
'AGAQON, KAI 'EKEINOU "ENEKA DEIN PANTA 'TALLA PRATTESQAI


<P 500A>
'ALL' 'OUK 'EKEINO TWN 'ALLWN: SUMYHFO$ "HMIN 'EI* KAI SU 'EK
TRITWN: KAL _ 'EGWGE. SW _ TWN 'AGAQWN 'A=RA "ENEKA DEI
KAI 'TALLA KAI TA "HDEA PRATTEIN, 'ALL' 'OU 'TAGAQA TWN "HDEWN.
KAL _ PANU GE. SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN PANTO$ 'ANDRO$ 'ESTIN
'EKLEXASQAI POI*A 'AGAQA TWN "HDEWN 'ESTIN KAI "OPOI*A KAKA, 'H=
TECNIKOU DEI0 'EI$ "EKASTON: KAL _ TECNIKOU.
SW _ 'ANAMNHSQWMEN DH "WN 'AU 'EGW PRO$ PWLON KAI
GORGIAN 'ETUGCANON LEGWN. 'ELEGON GAR 'EI MNHMONEUEI$,
<P 500B>
"OTI4 'EIEN PARASKEUAI "AI MEN MECRI "HDONH$, 'AUTO TOUTO MONON
PARASKEUAZOUSAI, 'AGNOOUSAI DE TO BELTION KAI TO CEIRON, "AI
DE GIGNWSKOUSAI "OTI2 TE 'AGAQON KAI "OTI2 KAKON; KAI 'ETIQHN
TWN MEN PERI= TA$ "HDONA$ THN MAGEIRIKHN 'EMPEIRIAN 'ALLA= 'OU
TECNHN, TWN DE PERI= TO 'AGAQON THN 'IATRIKHN TECNHN. KAI
PRO$ FILOU, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, MHTE 'AUTO$ 'OIOU DEIN PRO$ 'EME
PAIZEIN MHD' "OTI2 'AN4 TUCHI$ PARA TA DOKOUNTA 'APOKRINOU, MHT'
<P 500C>
'AU TA PAR' 'EMOU4 "OUTW$ 'APODECOU "W$ PAIZONTO$; "ORA*I$0 GAR "OTI4
PERI= TOUTOU "HMIN 'EISIN "OI LOGOI, "OU2 TI= 'AN4 MALLON SPOUDASEIE
TI$ KAI SMIKRON NOUN 'ECWN 'ANQRWPO$, 'H= TOUTO, "ONTINA CRH
TROPON ZHN, POTERON 'EPI "ON SU PARAKALEI$0 'EME, TA TOU*
'ANDRO$ DH TAUTA PRATTONTA, LEGONTA TE 'EN TW*I DHMWI KAI
"RHTORIKHN 'ASKOUNTA KAI POLITEUOMENON TOUTON TON TROPON
"ON "UMEI$ NU*N POLITEUESQE0, 'H= 'EPI8 TONDE TON BION TON 'EN
FILOSOFIA\, KAI TI= POT' 'ESTIN "OUTO$ 'EKEINOU DIAFERWN. 'ISW$
<P 500D>
'OUN BELTISTON 'ESTIN, "W$ 'ARTI 'EGW 'EPECEIRHSA, DIAIREISQAI,
DIELOMENOU$ DE-KAI "OMOLOGHSANTA$ 'ALLHLOI$, 'EI 'ESTON0 TOUTW
DITTW TW BIW, SKEYASQAI TI= TE DIAFERETON0 'ALLHLOIN KAI
"OPOTERON BIWTEON 'AUTOIN. 'ISW$ 'OUN 'OUPW 'OISQA TI= LEGW0.
KAL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ 'ALL' 'EGW SOI4 SAFESTERON 'ERW2. 'EPEIDH "WMOLOGHKAMEN
'EGW TE-KAI SU 'EINAI MEN TI 'AGAQON, 'EINAI DE TI "HDU,
"ETERON DE TO "HDU TOU* 'AGAQOU, "EKATEROU DE 'AUTOIN MELETHN
TINA 'EINAI KAI PARASKEUHN TH$ KTHSEW$, THN MEN TOU* "HDEO$
QHRAN, THN DE TOU* 'AGAQOU % 'AUTO DE MOI TOUTO PRWTON 'H=
<P 500E>
SUMFAQI 'H= MH. SU=MFHI$:
KAL _ "OUTW$ FHMI.
SW _ 'IQI DH, "A KAI PRO$ TOUSDE 'EGW 'ELEGON, DIOMOLOGHSAI2
MOI, 'EI 'A=RA SOI4 'EDOXA TO=TE 'ALHQH LEGEIN. 'ELEGON DE-POU
"OTI4 "H MEN 'OYOPOIIKH 'OU MOI DOKEI0 TECNH 'EINAI 'ALL' 'EMPEIRIA,


<P 501A>
"H D' 'IATRIKH, LEGWN "OTI4 "H MEN TOUTOU "OU2 QERAPEUEI0 KAI THN
FUSIN 'ESKEPTAI KAI THN 'AITIAN "WN PRATTEI0, KAI LOGON 'ECEI0
TOUTWN "EKASTOU DOUNAI0, "H 'IATRIKH; "H D' "ETE=RA TH$ "HDONH$,
PRO$ "HN "H QERAPEIA 'AUTHI 'ESTIN "APASA % KOMIDHI 'ATECNW$ 'EP'
'AUTHN 'ERCETAI, 'OUTE TI THN FUSIN SKEYAMENH TH$ "HDONH$ 'OUTE
THN 'AITIAN, 'ALOGW$ TE PANTAPASIN, "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN 'OUDEN
DIARIQMHSAMENH, TRIBHI KAI 'EMPEIRIA\ MNHMHN MONON SWIZOMENH
<P 501B>
TOU* 'EIWQOTO$ GIGNESQAI, "WI DH-KAI PORIZETAI TA$ "HDONA$. TAUT'
'OUN PRWTON SKOPEI5 'EI DOKEI0 SOI4 "IKANW$ LEGESQAI, KAI 'EINAI
TINE$ KAI PERI= YUCHN TOIAUTAI 'ALLAI PRAGMATEIAI, "AI MEN
TECNIKAI, PROMHQEIAN TINA 'ECOUSAI TOU* BELTISTOU PERI= THN
YUCHN, "AI DE TOUTOU MEN 'OLIGWROUSAI, 'ESKEMMENAI D' 'AU,
"WSPER 'EKEI, THN "HDONHN MONON TH$ YUCH$, TI=NA 'AN4 'AUTHI
TROPON GIGNOITO, "HTI$ DE 'H= BELTIWN 'H= CEIRWN TWN "HDONWN,
'OUTE SKOPOUMENAI 'OUTE MELON 'AUTAI$ 'ALLO 'H= CARIZESQAI
<P 501C>
MONON, 'EI=TE BELTION 'EI=TE CEIRON. 'EMOI4 MEN-GAR, 'W* KALLIKLEI$,
DOKOUSIN0 TE 'EINAI, KAI 'EGWGE FHMI TO TOIOUTON
KOLAKEIAN 'EINAI KAI PERI= SWMA KAI PERI= YUCHN KAI PERI=
'ALLO "OTOU 'AN4 TI$ THN "HDONHN QERAPEUHI5, 'ASKEPTW$ 'ECWN TOU*
'AMEINONO$ TE-KAI TOU* CEIRONO$; SU DE-DH POTERON SUGKATATIQESAI
"HMIN PERI= TOUTWN THN 'AUTHN DOXAN 'H= 'ANTI=FHI$:
KAL _ 'OUK 'EGWGE, 'ALLA= SUGCWRW0, "INA SOI4 KAI PERANQHI
"O LOGO$ KAI GORGIA\ TWIDE CARISWMAI.
<P 501D>
SW _ POTERON DE PERI= MEN MIAN YUCHN 'ESTIN TOUTO, PERI=
DE DUO KAI POLLA$ 'OUK 'ESTIN:
KAL _ 'OU=K, 'ALLA=-KAI PERI= DUO KAI PERI= POLLA$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI "AQROAI$ "AMA CARIZESQAI 'ESTI20, MHDEN
SKOPOUMENON TO BELTISTON:
KAL _ 'OIMAI 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'ECEI$ 'OUN 'EIPEIN "AITINE$ 'EISIN "AI 'EPITHDEUSEI$ "AI
TOUTO POIOUSAI: MALLON DE, 'EI BOULEI, 'EMOU4 'ERWTWNTO$, "H=4
MEN 'AN4 SOI4 DOKHI5 TOUTWN 'EINAI, FAQI, "H=4 D' 'AN4 MH, MH FAQI.
<P 501E>
PRWTON DE SKEYWMEQA THN 'AULHTIKHN. 'OU DOKEI0 SOI4 TOIAUTH
TI$ 'EINAI, 'W* KALLIKLEI$ % THN "HDONHN "HMWN MONON DIWKEIN,
'ALLO D' 'OUDEN FRONTIZEIN:
KAL _ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI "AI TOIAIDE "APASAI, "OION "H KIQARISTIKH "H
'EN TOI$ 'AGWSIN:
KAL _ NAI.
SW _ TI= DE "H TWN CORWN DIDASKALIA KAI "H TWN DIQURAMBWN
POIHSI$: 'OU TOIAUTH TI$ SOI4 KATAFAINETAI: 'H= "HGHI0
TI FRONTIZEIN KINHSIAN TON MELHTO$, "OPW$ 'EREI2 TI TOIOUTON
"OQEN 'AN4 "OI 'AKOUONTE$ BELTIOU$ GIGNOINTO, 'H= "OTI2 MELLEI0


<P 502A>
CARIEISQAI TW*I 'OCLWI TWN QEATWN:
KAL _ DHLON DH TOUTO GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, KINHSIOU GE
PE=RI.
SW _ TI= DE "O PATHR 'AUTOU4 MELH$: 'H* PRO$ TO BELTISTON
BLEPWN 'EDOKEI SOI4 KIQARWIDEIN: 'H= 'EKEINO$ MEN-'OUDE PRO$ TO
"HDISTON: 'HNIA GAR 'A\DWN TOU$ QEATA$. 'ALLA=-DH SKOPEI5 'EI
'OUCI "H TE KIQARWIDIKH DOKEI0 SOI4 PASA KAI "H TWN DIQURAMBWN
POIHSI$ "HDONH$ CARIN "HURHSQAI:
KAL _ 'EMOIGE.
<P 502B>
SW _ TI= DE-DH "H SEMNH "AU=TH KAI QAUMASTH, "H TH$
TRAGWIDIA$ POIHSI$, 'EF' "WI 'ESPOUDAKEN0: POTERON 'ESTIN 'AUTH$
TO 'EPICEIRHMA KAI "H SPOUDH, "W$ SOI4 DOKEI0, CARIZESQAI TOI$
QEATAI$ MONON, 'H=-KAI DIAMACESQAI, 'EA=N TI 'AUTOI$ "HDU MEN 'HI
KAI KECARISMENON, PONHRON DE, "OPW$ TOUTO MEN MH 'EREI2, 'EI
DE TI TUGCANEI0 'AHDE$ KAI 'WFELIMON, TOUTO DE-KAI LEXEI2
KAI 'A\SETAI, 'EANTE CAIRWSIN 'EANTE MH: POTERW$ SOI4 DOKEI0
PARESKEUASQAI "H TWN TRAGWIDIWN POIHSI$:
KAL _ DHLON DH TOUTO GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OTI4 PRO$ THN
<P 502C>
"HDONHN MALLON "W=RMHTAI KAI TO CARIZESQAI TOI$ QEATAI$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TO TOIOUTON, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, 'EFAMEN NUNDH
KOLAKEIAN 'EINAI:
KAL _ PANU GE.
SW _ FERE DH, 'EI TI$ PERIELOI TH$ POIHSEW$ PASH$ TO TE
MELO$ KAI TON "RUQMON KAI TO METRON, 'ALLO TI 'H= LOGOI GIGNONTAI
TO LEIPOMENON:
KAL _ 'ANAGKH.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N PRO$ POLUN 'OCLON KAI DHMON "OUTOI LEGONTAI
"OI LOGOI:
KAL _ FHMI.
SW _ DHMHGORIA 'A=RA TI$ 'ESTIN "H POIHTIKH.
<P 502D>
KAL _ FAINETAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "RHTORIKH DHMHGORIA 'AN4 'EIH; 'H= 'OU "RHTOREUEIN
DOKOUSI0 SOI4 "OI POIHTAI 'EN TOI$ QEATROI$:
KAL _ 'EMOIGE.
SW _ NU*N 'A=RA "HMEI$ "HURHKAMEN "RHTORIKHN TINA PRO$ DHMON
TOIOUTON "OION PAIDWN TE "OMOU KAI GUNAIKWN KAI 'ANDRWN, KAI
DOULWN KAI 'ELEUQERWN, "HN 'OU PANU 'AGAMEQA; KOLAKIKHN GAR
'AUTHN FAMEN 'EINAI.
KAL _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'EIEN; TI= DE "H PRO$ TON 'AQHNAIWN DHMON "RHTORIKH
<P 502E>
KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ TOU$ 'EN TAI$ POLESIN DHMOU$ TOU$ TWN
'ELEUQERWN 'ANDRWN, TI= POTE "HMIN "AU=TH 'ESTIN: POTERON SOI4
DOKOUSIN0 PRO$ TO BELTISTON 'AEI LEGEIN "OI "RHTORE$, TOUTOU
STOCAZOMENOI, "OPW$ "OI POLITAI "W$ BELTISTOI 'ESONTAI DIA= TOU$
"AUTWN LOGOU$, 'H=-KAI "OUTOI PRO$ TO CARIZESQAI TOI$ POLITAI$
"WRMHMENOI, KAI "ENEKA TOU* 'IDIOU TOU* "AUTWN 'OLIGWROUNTE$ TOU*
KOINOU, "WSPER PAISI PROSOMILOUSI0 TOI$ DHMOI$, CARIZESQAI
'AUTOI$ PEIRWMENOI MONON, 'EI DE-GE BELTIOU$ 'ESONTAI 'H= CEIROU$


<P 503A>
DIA= TAUTA, 'OUDEN FRONTIZOUSIN0:
KAL _ 'OUC "APLOUN 'ETI TOUTO 'ERWTA*I$0; 'EISI MEN-GAR "OI=4
KHDOMENOI TWN POLITWN LEGOUSIN0 "A LEGOUSIN0, 'EISIN DE-KAI
"OIOU$ SU LEGEI$.
SW _ 'EXARKEI0. 'EI GAR-KAI TOUTO 'ESTI DIPLOUN, TO MEN
"ETERON POU TOUTOU KOLAKEIA 'AN4 'EIH KAI 'AISCRA DHMHGORIA,
TO D' "ETERON KALON, TO PARASKEUAZEIN "OPW$ "W$ BELTISTAI
'ESONTAI TWN POLITWN "AI YUCAI, KAI DIAMACESQAI LEGONTA TA
BELTISTA, 'EI=TE "HDIW 'EI=TE 'AHDE=STERA 'ESTAI TOI$ 'AKOUOUSIN4.
<P 503B>
'ALL' 'OU PWPOTE SU TAUTHN 'EIDE$ THN "RHTORIKHN; 'H= 'EI TINA
'ECEI$ TWN "RHTORWN TOIOUTON 'EIPEIN, TI= 'OUCI KAI 'EMOI4 'AUTON
'EFRASA$ TI=$ 'ESTIN:
KAL _ 'ALLA= MA DI=A 'OUK 'ECW0 'EGWGE SOI4 'EIPEIN TWN GE
NU*N "RHTORWN 'OUDENA.
SW _ TI= DE: TWN PALAIWN 'ECEI$ TINA 'EIPEIN DI' "ONTINA
'AITIAN 'ECOUSIN0 'AQHNAIOI BELTIOU$ GEGONENAI, 'EPEIDH 'EKEINO$
'HRXATO DHMHGOREIN, 'EN TW*I PROSQEN CRONWI CEIROU$ 'ONTE$: 'EGW
MEN-GAR 'OUK 'OIDA TI=$ 'ESTIN "OUTO$.
<P 503C>
KAL _ TI= DE: QEMISTOKLEA 'OUK 'AKOUEI$ 'ANDRA 'AGAQON
GEGONOTA KAI KIMWNA KAI MILTIADHN KAI PERIKLEA TOUTONI
TON NEWSTI TETELEUTHKOTA, "OU2 KAI SU 'AKHKOA$:
SW _ 'EI 'ESTIN GE, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, "HN PROTERON SU 'ELEGE$
'ARETHN, 'ALHQH$, TO TA$ 'EPIQUMIA$ 'APOPIMPLANAI KAI TA$ "AUTOU
KAI TA$ TWN 'ALLWN; 'EI DE MH TOUTO, 'ALL' "OPER 'EN TW*I "USTERWI
LOGWI 'HNAGKASQHMEN "HMEI$ "OMOLOGEIN % "OTI4 "AI=4 MEN TWN
'EPIQUMIWN PLHROUMENAI BELTIW POIOUSI0 TON 'ANQRWPON,
<P 503D>
TAUTA$ MEN 'APOTELEIN0, "AI=4 DE CEIRW, MH, TOUTO DE TECNH TI$
'EINAI 'EDOXEN7 "HMIN7 % 'A*R'7 'ECEI$7 FANAI7 TOIOUTON 'ANDRA TOUTWN TINA GEGONENAI: KAL _ 'OUK 'ECW0 'EGWGE
PW*$ 'EIPW4.
SW _ 'ALL' 'EA=N ZHTHI$ KALW$, "EURHSEI$.
'IDWMEN DH "OUTWSI 'ATREMA SKOPOUMENOI 'EI TI$ TOUTWN
TOIOUTO$ GEGONEN0; FERE GAR, "O 'AGAQO$ 'ANHR KAI 'EPI TO
BELTISTON LEGWN, "A 'AN4 LEGHI5 'ALLO TI 'OUK 'EIKHI 'EREI2, 'ALL'
<P 503E>
'APOBLEPWN PRO$ TI: "WSPER KAI "OI 'ALLOI PANTE$ DHMIOURGOI
BLEPONTE$ PRO$ TO "AUTWN 'ERGON "EKASTO$ 'OUK 'EIKHI 'EKLEGOMENO$
PROSFEREI0 "A7 PROSFEREI70 PRO$8 TO8 'ERGON8 TO8 "AUTWN8, 'ALL' "OPW$ 'AN4
'EIDO$ TI 'AUTWI SCHI6 TOUTO "O= 'ERGAZETAI. "OION 'EI BOULEI 'IDEIN TOU$
ZWGRAFOU$, TOU$ 'OIKODOMOU$, TOU$ NAUPHGOU$, TOU$ 'ALLOU$
PANTA$ DHMIOURGOU$, "ONTINA BOULEI 'AUTWN, "W$ 'EI$ TAXIN TINA
"EKASTO$ "EKASTON TIQHSIN "O= 'AN4 TIQHI5, KAI PROSANAGKAZEI0 TO
"ETERON TW*I "ETERWI PREPON TE 'EINAI KAI "ARMOTTEIN, "EW$ 'AN4 TO


<P 504A>
"APAN SUSTHSHTAI TETAGMENON TE-KAI KEKOSMHMENON PRAGMA;
KAI "OI TE-DH 'ALLOI DHMIOURGOI KAI "OU$ NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN, "OI
PERI= TO SWMA, PAIDOTRIBAI TE-KAI 'IATROI, KOSMOUSI0 POU
TO SWMA KAI SUNTATTOUSIN0. "OMOLOGOUMEN "OUTW TOUT' 'ECEIN
'H= 'OU=:
KAL _ 'ESTW TOUTO "OUTW.
SW _ TAXEW$ 'A=RA-KAI KOSMOU TUCOUSA 'OIKIA CRHSTH 'AN4
'EIH, 'ATAXIA$ DE MOCQHRA:
KAL _ FHMI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI PLOION "WSAUTW$:
<P 504B>
KAL _ NAI.
SW _ KAI-MHN-KAI TA SWMATA FAMEN TA "HME=TERA:
KAL _ PANU GE.
SW _ TI= D' "H YUCH: 'ATAXIA$ TUCOUSA 'ESTAI CRHSTH, 'H=
TAXEW$ TE-KAI KOSMOU TINO$:
KAL _ 'ANAGKH 'EK TWN PROSQEN KAI TOUTO SUNOMOLOGEIN.
SW _ TI= 'OUN 'ONOMA 'ESTIN 'EN TW*I SWMATI TW*I 'EK TH$ TAXEW$
TE-KAI TOU* KOSMOU GIGNOMENWI:
KAL _ "UGIEIAN KAI 'ISCUN 'ISW$ LEGEI$.
<P 504C>
SW _ 'EGWGE. TI= DE 'AU TW*I 'EN THI YUCHI 'EGGIGNOMENWI 'EK
TH$ TAXEW$ KAI TOU* KOSMOU: PEIRW5 "EUREIN KAI 'EIPEIN "WSPER
'EKEINWI TO 'ONOMA.
KAL _ TI= DE 'OUK 'AUTO$ LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW _ 'ALL' 'EI SOI4 "HDION 'ESTIN, 'EGW 'ERW2; SU DE, 'AN2 MEN
SOI4 DOKW3 'EGW KALW$ LEGEIN, FAQI, 'EI DE MH, 'ELEGCE KAI MH
'EPITREPE. 'EMOI4 GAR DOKEI0 TAI$ MEN TOU* SWMATO$ TAXESIN
'ONOMA 'EINAI "UGIEINON, 'EX "OU2 'EN 'AUTWI "H "UGIEIA GIGNETAI KAI "H
'ALLH 'ARETH TOU* SWMATO$. 'ESTIN TAUTA 'H= 'OUK 'ESTIN:
KAL _ 'ESTIN.
<P 504D>
SW _ TAI$ DE-GE TH$ YUCH$ TAXESI KAI KOSMHSESIN
NOMIMON TE-KAI NOMO$, "OQEN KAI NOMIMOI GIGNONTAI KAI KOSMIOI;
TAUTA D' 'ESTIN DIKAIOSUNH TE-KAI SWFROSUNH. FH=I$ 'H= 'OU=:
KAL _ 'ESTW.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N PRO$ TAUTA BLEPWN "O "RHTWR 'EKEINO$, "O
TECNIKO$ TE-KAI 'AGAQO$, KAI TOU$ LOGOU$ PROSOISEI2 TAI$
YUCAI$ "OU$ 'AN4 LEGHI5, KAI TA$ PRAXEI$ "APASA$, KAI DWRON
'EA=N TI DIDWI0, DWSEI2, KAI 'EA=N TI 'AFAIRHTAI, 'AFAIRHSETAI,
PRO$ TOUTO 'AEI TON NOUN 'ECWN, "OPW$ 'AN4 'AUTWI TOI$ POLITAI$
<P 504E>
DIKAIOSUNH MEN 'EN TAI$ YUCAI$ GIGNHTAI, 'ADIKIA DE 'APALLATTHTAI,
KAI SWFROSUNH MEN 'EGGIGNHTAI, 'AKOLASIA DE
'APALLATTHTAI, KAI "H 'ALLH 'ARETH 'EGGIGNHTAI, KAKIA DE 'APIHI5.
SUGCWREI$ 'H= 'OU=:
KAL _ SUGCWRW0.
SW _ TI= GAR 'OFELO$, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, SWMATI GE KAMNONTI
KAI MOCQHRW$ DIAKEIMENWI 'H= SITIA POLLA DIDONAI KAI TA "HDISTA
'H= POTA 'H= 'A=LL'2 "OTIOUN, "O= MH 'ONHSEI2 'AUTON 'ESQ' "OTI2 PLEON, 'H=
'TOUNANTION KATA GE TON DIKAION LOGON KAI 'ELATTON: 'ESTI
TAUTA:


<P 505A>
KAL _ 'ESTW.
SW _ 'OU-GAR 'OIMAI LUSITELEI0 META MOCQHRIA$ SWMATO$
ZHN 'ANQRWPWI; 'ANAGKH GAR "OUTW KAI ZHN MOCQHRW$. 'H= 'OUC
"OUTW$:
KAL _ NAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TA$ 'EPIQUMIA$ 'APOPIMPLANAI, "OION PEINWNTA
FAGEIN "OSON BOULETAI 'H= DIYWNTA PIEIN, "UGIAINONTA
MEN 'EWSIN0 "OI 'IATROI "W$ TA POLLA, KAMNONTA DE "W$ 'EPO$
'EIPEIN 'OUDEPOT' 'EWSIN0 'EMPIMPLASQAI "WN 'EPIQUMEI0: SUGCWREI$
TOUTO GE-KAI SU:
KAL _ 'EGWGE.
<P 505B>
SW _ PERI= DE YUCHN, 'W* 'ARISTE, 'OUC "O 'AUTO$ TROPO$:
"EW$ MEN 'AN4 PONHRA 'HI, 'ANOHTO$ TE 'OUSA KAI 'AKOLASTO$ KAI
'ADIKO$ KAI 'ANOSIO$, 'EIRGEIN 'AUTHN DEI TWN 'EPIQUMIWN KAI
MH 'EPITREPEIN 'A=LL'0 'ATTA POIEIN 'H= 'AF' "WN BELTIWN 'ESTAI;
FH=I$ 'H= 'OU=:
KAL _ FHMI.
SW _ "OUTW GAR-POU 'AUTHI 'AMEINON THI YUCHI:
KAL _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TO 'EIRGEIN 'ESTIN 'AF' "WN 'EPIQUMEI0 KOLAZEIN:
KAL _ NAI.
SW _ TO KOLAZESQAI 'A=RA THI YUCHI 'AMEINON 'ESTIN 'H= "H
'AKOLASIA, "WSPER SU NUNDH 'WIOU.
<P 505C>
KAL _ 'OUK 'OID' "ATTA LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALL' 'ALLON
TINA 'ERWTA.
SW _ "OUTO$ 'ANHR 'OUC "UPOMENEI0 'WFELOUMENO$ KAI 'AUTO$
TOUTO PASCWN PERI= "OU2 "O LOGO$ 'ESTI, KOLAZOMENO$.
KAL _ 'OUDE-GE MOI MELEI0 'OUDEN "WN SU LEGEI$, KAI TAUTA
SOI4 GORGIOU CARIN 'APEKRINAMHN.
SW _ 'EIEN; TI= 'OUN-DH POIHSOMEN: METAXU TON LOGON
KATALUOMEN:
KAL _ 'AUTO$ GNWSHI2.
SW _ 'ALL'-'OUDE TOU$ MUQOU$ FASI0 METAXU QEMI$ 'EINAI
<P 505D>
KATALEIPEIN, 'ALL' 'EPIQENTA$ KEFALHN, "INA MH 'ANEU KEFALH$
PERIIHI5. 'APOKRINAI2 'OUN-KAI TA LOIPA, "INA "HMIN "O LOGO$
KEFALHN LABHI6.
KAL _ "W$ BIAIO$ 'EI*0, 'W* SWKRATE$. 'EA=N DE 'EMOI4 PEIQHI3,
'EASEI$ CAIREIN TOUTON TON LOGON, 'H=-KAI 'ALLWI TWI DIALEXHI2.
SW _ TI=$ 'OUN 'ALLO$ 'EQELEI0: MH-GAR-TOI 'ATELH GE TON
LOGON KATALIPWMEN.
KAL _ 'AUTO$ DE 'OUK 'AN4 DUNAIO DIELQEIN TON LOGON, 'H=
LEGWN KATA SAUTON 'H= 'APOKRINOMENO$ SAUTWI:
<P 505E>
SW _ "INA MOI TO TOU* 'EPICARMOU GENHTAI, "A1 PRO9 TOU*9
DU'9 'ANDRE$9 'ELEGON9, "EI$9 'WN "IKANO$ GENWMAI. 'ATAR KINDUNEUEI0
'ANAGKAIOTATON 'EINAI. "OUTWSI MENTOI POIHSWMEN;
'OIMAI 'EGWGE CRHNAI0 PANTA$ "HMA$ FILONIKW$ 'ECEIN PRO$ TO
'EIDENAI TO 'ALHQE$ TI= 'ESTIN PERI= "WN LEGOMEN KAI TI= YEUDO$;
KOINON GAR 'AGAQON "APASI FANERON GENESQAI 'AUTO. DIEIMI


<P 506A>
MEN-'OUN TW*I LOGWI 'EGW "W$ 'AN4 MOI DOKHI5 'ECEIN; 'EA=N DE TWI
"UMWN MH TA 'ONTA DOKW3 "OMOLOGEIN 'EMAUTWI, CRH 'ANTILAMBANESQAI
KAI 'ELEGCEIN. 'OUDE-GAR-TOI 'EGWGE 'EIDW$ PANU TI LEGW0
"A LEGW0, 'ALLA= ZHTW0 KOINHI MEQ' "UMWN, "WSTE, 'AN2 TI FAINHTAI
LEGWN "O 'AMFISBHTWN 'EMOI4, 'EGW PRWTO$ SUGCWRHSOMAI.
LEGW0 MENTOI TAUTA, 'EI DOKEI0 CRHNAI0 DIAPERANQHNAI TON
LOGON; 'EI DE MH BOULESQE0, 'EWMEN2 'HDH CAIREIN KAI 'APIWMEN.
GOR _ 'ALL' 'EMOI4 MEN 'OU DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, CRHNAI0 PW
<P 506B>
'APIENAI, 'ALLA= DIEXELQEIN SE TON LOGON; FAINETAI DE MOI
KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ DOKEIN. BOULOMAI GAR 'EGWGE KAI 'AUTO$
'AKOUSAI0 SOU4 'AUTOU4 DIIONTO$ TA 'EPILOIPA.
SW _ 'ALLA=-MEN-DH, 'W* GORGIA, KAI 'AUTO$ "HDEW$ MEN 'AN4
KALLIKLEI TOUTWI 'ETI DIELEGOMHN, "EW$ 'AUTWI THN TOU* 'AMFIONO$
'APEDWKA "RHSIN 'ANTI TH$ TOU* ZHQOU; 'EPEIDH DE SU,
'W* KALLIKLEI$, 'OUK 'EQELEI$ SUNDIAPERANAI0 TON LOGON, 'ALL'-'OUN
'EMOU4 GE 'AKOUWN 'EPILAMBANOU, 'EA=N TI SOI4 DOKW3 MH
<P 506C>
KALW$ LEGEIN. KAI ME 'EA=N 'EXELEGCHI$, 'OUK 'ACQESQHSOMAI
SOI4 "WSPER SU 'EMOI4, 'ALLA= MEGISTO$ 'EUERGETH$ PAR' 'EMOI4
'ANAGEGRAYHI.
KAL _ LEGE, 'WGAQE, 'AUTO$ KAI PERAINE.
SW _ 'AKOUE DH 'EX 'ARCH$ 'EMOU4 'ANALABONTO$ TON LOGON.
'A*RA TO "HDU KAI TO 'AGAQON TO 'AUTO 'ESTIN: 'OU 'TAUTON,
"W$ 'EGW KAI KALLIKLH$ "WMOLOGHSAMEN. POTERON DE TO "HDU
"ENEKA TOU* 'AGAQOU PRAKTEON, 'H= TO 'AGAQON "ENEKA TOU* "HDEO$:
TO "HDU "ENEKA TOU* 'AGAQOU. "HDU DE 'ESTIN TOUTO "OU2
<P 506D>
PARAGENOMENOU "HDOMEQA, 'AGAQON DE "OU2 PARONTO$ 'AGAQOI
'ESMEN: PANU GE. 'ALLA=-MHN 'AGAQOI GE 'ESMEN KAI "HMEI$
KAI 'TALLA PANTA "OS' 'AGAQA 'ESTIN, 'ARETH$ TINO$ PARAGENOMENH$:
'EMOIGE DOKEI0 'ANAGKAION 'EINAI, 'W* KALLIKLEI$.
'ALLA=-MEN-DH "H GE 'ARETH "EKASTOU, KAI SKEUOU$ KAI SWMATO$
KAI YUCH$ 'AU KAI ZWIOU PANTO$, 'OUC "OUTW$ 'EIKHI KALLISTA PARAGIGNETAI,
'ALLA= TAXEI KAI 'ORQOTHTI KAI TECNHI, "HTI$ "EKASTWI
'APODEDOTAI 'AUTWN; 'A*RA 'ESTIN TAUTA: 'EGW MEN-GAR FHMI.
<P 506E>
TAXEI 'A=RA TETAGMENON TI KAI KEKOSMHMENON 'ESTIN "H 'ARETH
"EKASTOU: FAIHN 'AN4 'EGWGE. KOSMO$ TI$ 'A=RA 'EGGENOMENO$
'EN "EKASTWI "O "EKASTOU 'OIKEIO$ 'AGAQON PARECEI0 "EKASTON TWN
'ONTWN0: 'EMOIGE DOKEI0. KAI YUCH 'A=RA KOSMON 'ECOUSA
TON "EAUTH$ 'AMEINWN TH$ 'AKOSMHTOU: 'ANAGKH. 'ALLA=-MHN
"H GE KOSMON 'ECOUSA KOSMI=A: PW*$ GAR 'OU MELLEI0: "H DE-GE


<P 507A>
KOSMI=A SWFRWN: POLLH 'ANAGKH. "H 'A=RA SWFRWN
YUCH 'AGAQH. 'EGW MEN 'OUK 'ECW0 PARA TAUTA 'A=LLA FANAI,
'W* FILE KALLIKLEI$; SU D' 'EI 'ECEI$, DIDASKE.
KAL _ LEG', 'WGAQE.
SW _ LEGW0 DH "OTI4, 'EI "H SWFRWN 'AGAQH 'ESTIN, "H 'TOUNANTION
THI SWFRONI PEPONQUIA KAKH= 'ESTIN; 'H*N DE "AU=TH "H
'AFRWN TE-KAI 'AKOLASTO$. PANU GE. KAI-MHN "O GE SWFRWN
TA PROSHKONTA PRATTOI 'AN4 KAI PERI= QEOU$ KAI PERI=
'ANQRWPOU$; 'OU-GAR 'AN4 SWFRONOI TA MH PROSHKONTA PRATTWN:
<P 507B>
'ANAGKH TAUT' 'EINAI "OUTW. KAI-MHN PERI= MEN 'ANQRWPOU$
TA PROSHKONTA PRATTWN DI=KAI' 'AN4 PRATTOI, PERI= DE
QEOU$ "O=SIA; TON DE TA DI=KAIA KAI "O=SIA PRATTONTA 'ANAGKH
DIKAION KAI "OSION 'EINAI. 'ESTI TAUTA. KAI-MEN-DH-KAI
'ANDREION GE 'ANAGKH; 'OU-GAR-DH SWFRONO$ 'ANDRO$ 'ESTIN 'OUTE
DIWKEIN 'OUTE FEUGEIN "A MH PROSHKEI0, 'ALL' "A DEI KAI PRAGMATA
KAI 'ANQRWPOU$ KAI "HDONA$ KAI LUPA$ FEUGEIN KAI
DIWKEIN, KAI "UPOMENONTA KARTEREIN "OPOU DEI; "WSTE POLLH
<P 507C>
'ANAGKH, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, TON SWFRONA, "WSPER DIHLQOMEN,
DIKAION 'ONTA KAI 'ANDREION KAI "OSION, 'AGAQON 'ANDRA 'EINAI
TELEW$, TON DE 'AGAQON 'EU TE-KAI KALW$ PRATTEIN "A 'AN4
PRATTHI5, TON D' 'EU PRATTONTA MAKARION TE-KAI 'EUDAIMONA
'EINAI, TON DE PONHRON KAI KAKW$ PRATTONTA 'AQLION; "OUTO$
D' 'AN4 'EIH "O 'ENANTIW$ 'ECWN TW*I SWFRONI, "O 'AKOLASTO$, "ON
SU 'EPHINEI$.
'EGW MEN-'OUN TAUTA "OUTW TIQEMAI KAI FHMI TAUTA 'ALHQH
'EINAI; 'EI DE 'ESTIN 'ALHQH TON BOULOMENON "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'EUDAIMONA
<P 507D>
'EINAI SWFROSUNHN MEN DIWKTEON KAI 'ASKHTEON,
'AKOLASIAN DE FEUKTEON "W$ 'ECEI0 PODWN "EKASTO$ "HMWN, KAI
PARASKEUASTEON MALISTA MEN MHDEN DEISQAI TOU* KOLAZESQAI,
'EA=N DE DEHQHI 'H= 'AUTO$ 'H= 'ALLO$ TI$ TWN 'OIKEIWN, 'H= 'IDIWTH$
'H= POLI$, 'EPIQETEON DIKHN KAI KOLASTEON, 'EI MELLEI0 'EUDAIMWN
'EINAI. "OUTO$ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0 "O SKOPO$ 'EINAI PRO$ "ON BLEPONTA
DEI ZHN, KAI PANTA 'EI$ TOUTO TA "AUTOU SUNTEINONTA
KAI TA TH$ POLEW$, "OPW$ DIKAIOSUNH PARESTAI KAI SWFROSUNH
<P 507E>
TW*I MAKARIWI MELLONTI 'ESESQAI, "OUTW PRATTEIN, 'OUK
'EPIQUMIA$ 'EWNTA 'AKOLASTOU$ 'EINAI KAI TAUTA$ 'EPICEIROUNTA
PLHROUN0, 'ANHNUTON KAKON, LHISTOU BION ZWNTA. 'OUTE-GAR
'AN4 'ALLWI 'ANQRWPWI PROSFILH$ 'AN4 'EIH "O TOIOUTO$ 'OUTE QEWI;
KOINWNEIN GAR 'ADUNATO$, "OTWI DE MH 'ENI KOINWNIA, FILIA 'OUK
'AN4 'EIH. FASI0 D' "OI SOFOI, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, KAI 'OURANON KAI


<P 508A>
GHN KAI QEOU$ KAI 'ANQRWPOU$ THN KOINWNIAN SUNECEIN KAI
FILIAN KAI KOSMIOTHTA KAI SWFROSUNHN KAI DIKAIOTHTA,
KAI TO "OLON TOUTO DIA= TAUTA KOSMON KALOUSIN0, 'W* "ETAIRE,
'OUK 'AKOSMIAN 'OUDE 'AKOLASIAN. SU DE MOI DOKEI$ 'OU PROSECEIN
TON NOUN TOUTOI$, KAI TAUTA SOFO$ 'WN, 'ALLA= LELHQEN0
SE "OTI4 "H 'ISOTH$ "H GEWMETRIKH KAI 'EN QEOI$ KAI 'EN 'ANQRWPOI$
MEGA DUNATAI, SU DE PLEONEXIAN 'OIEI DEIN 'ASKEIN; GEWMETRIA$
GAR 'AMELEI$. 'EIEN; 'H= 'EXELEGKTEO$ DH "OUTO$ "O LOGO$
<P 508B>
"HMIN 'ESTIN, "W$ 'OU DIKAIOSUNH$ KAI SWFROSUNH$ KTHSEI 'EUDAIMONE$
"OI 'EUDAIMONE$, KAKIA$ DE "OI 'AQLIOI7 'AQLIOI, 'H= 'EI "OUTO$ 'ALHQH$
'ESTIN SKEPTEON TI= TA SUMBAINONTA. TA PROSQEN 'EKEINA,
'W* KALLIKLEI$, SUMBAINEI0 PANTA, 'EF' "OI$ SU ME 'HROU 'EI
SPOUDAZWN LEGOIMI, LEGONTA "OTI4 KATHGORHTEON 'EIH KAI "AUTOU
KAI "UEO$ KAI "ETAIROU, 'EA=N TI 'ADIKHI5, KAI THI "RHTORIKHI 'EPI
TOUTO CRHSTEON; KAI "A PWLON 'AISCUNHI 'WIOU SUGCWREIN,
'ALHQH 'A=RA 'H*N, TO 'EINAI TO 'ADIKEIN TOU* 'ADIKEISQAI "OSWIPER
<P 508C>
'AISCION TOSOUTWI KAKION; KAI TON MELLONTA 'ORQW$ "RHTORIKON
'ESESQAI DIKAION 'A=RA DEI 'EINAI KAI 'EPISTHMONA TWN DIKAIWN,
"O= 'AU GORGIAN 'EFH PWLO$ DI' 'AISCUNHN "OMOLOGHSAI0.
TOUTWN DE "OUTW$ 'ECONTWN0 SKEYWMEQA TI= POT' 'ESTIN "A SU
'EMOI4 'ONEIDIZEI$, 'A*RA KALW$ LEGETAI 'H= 'OU=, "W$ 'A=RA 'EGW 'OUC
"OIO$-T'-'EIMI BOHQHSAI0 'OUTE 'EMAUTWI 'OUTE TWN FILWN 'OUDENI
'OUDE TWN 'OIKEIWN, 'OUD' 'EKSWSAI0 'EK TWN MEGISTWN KINDUNWN,
'EIMI DE 'EPI TW*I BOULOMENWI "WSPER "OI 'ATIMOI TOU* 'EQELONTO$,
<P 508D>
'ANTE TUPTEIN BOULHTAI, TO NEANIKON DH TOUTO TOU* SOU2
LOGOU, 'EPI KORRH$, 'EANTE CRHMATA 'AFAIREISQAI, 'EANTE 'EKBALLEIN
'EK TH$ POLEW$, 'EANTE, TO 'ESCATON, 'APOKTEINAI0; KAI
"OUTW DIAKEISQAI PANTWN DH 'AISCISTON 'ESTIN, "W$ "O SO$ LOGO$.
"O DE-DH 'EMO$ "OSTI$, POLLAKI$ MEN 'HDH 'EIRHTAI, 'OUDEN DE
KWLUEI0 KAI 'ETI LEGESQAI; 'OU FHMI, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, TO TUPTESQAI
'EPI KORRH$ 'ADIKW$ 'AISCISTON 'EINAI, 'OUDE-GE TO TEMNESQAI
<P 508E>
'OUTE TO SWMA TO 'EMON 'OUTE TO BALLANTION, 'ALLA= TO
TUPTEIN KAI 'EME KAI TA 'EMA 'ADIKW$ KAI TEMNEIN KAI 'AISCION
KAI KAKION, KAI KLEPTEIN GE "AMA KAI 'ANDRAPODIZESQAI KAI
TOICWRUCEIN KAI SULLHBDHN "OTIOUN 'ADIKEIN KAI 'EME KAI TA
'EMA TW*I 'ADIKOUNTI KAI KAKION KAI 'AISCION 'EINAI 'H= 'EMOI4 TW*I
'ADIKOUMENWI. TAUTA "HMIN 'ANW 'EKEI 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN LOGOI$
"OUTW FANENTA, "W$ 'EGW LEGW0, KATECETAI KAI DEDETAI, KAI


<P 509A>
'EI 'AGROIKOTERON TI 'EIPEIN 'ESTIN20, SIDHROI$ KAI 'ADAMANTINOI$
LOGOI$, "W$ GOUN 'AN4 DOXEIEN "OUTWSI, "OU$ SU 'EI MH LUSEI$
'H= SOU4 TI$ NEANIKWTERO$, 'OUC "OION-TE 'ALLW$ LEGONTA 'H= "W$
'EGW NU*N LEGW0 KALW$ LEGEIN; 'EPEI 'EMOIGE "O 'AUTO$ LOGO$
'ESTIN 'AEI, "OTI4 'EGW TAUTA 'OUK 'OIDA "OPW$ 'ECEI0, "OTI4 MENTOI
"WN 'EGW 'ENTETUCHKA, "WSPER NU*N, 'OUDEI$ "OIO$-T'-'ESTIN 'ALLW$
LEGWN MH 'OU KATAGELASTO$ 'EINAI. 'EGW MEN-'OUN 'AU TIQHMI
<P 509B>
TAUTA "OUTW$ 'ECEIN; 'EI DE "OUTW$ 'ECEI0 KAI MEGISTON TWN KAKWN
'ESTIN "H 'ADIKIA TW*I 'ADIKOUNTI KAI 'ETI TOUTOU MEIZON MEGISTOU
'ONTO$, 'EI "OION-TE, TO 'ADIKOUNTA MH DIDONAI DIKHN, TI=NA 'AN4
BOHQEIAN MH DUNAMENO$ 'ANQRWPO$ BOHQEIN "EAUTWI KATAGELASTO$
'AN4 THI 'ALHQEIA\ 'EIH: 'A*RA 'OU TAUTHN, "HTI$ 'APOTREYEI2
THN MEGISTHN "HMWN BLABHN: 'ALLA= POLLH 'ANAGKH TAUTHN
'EINAI THN 'AISCISTHN BOHQEIAN MH DUNASQAI BOHQEIN MHTE
"AUTWI MHTE TOI$ "AUTOU FILOI$ TE-KAI 'OIKEIOI$, DEUTERAN DE
<P 509C>
THN TOU* DEUTEROU KAKOU KAI TRITHN THN TOU* TRITOU KAI 'TALLA
"OUTW$; "W$ "EKASTOU KAKOU MEGEQO$ PEFUKEN0, "OUTW KAI KALLO$
TOU* DUNATON 'EINAI 'EF' "EKASTA BOHQEIN KAI 'AISCUNH TOU* MH.
'A*RA 'ALLW$ 'H= "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, 'W* KALLIKLEI$:
KAL _ 'OUK 'ALLW$.
SW _ DUOIN 'OUN 'ONTOIN, TOU* 'ADIKEIN TE-KAI 'ADIKEISQAI,
MEIZON MEN FAMEN KAKON TO 'ADIKEIN, 'ELATTON DE TO 'ADIKEISQAI.
TI= 'OUN 'AN4 PARASKEUASAMENO$ 'ANQRWPO$ BOHQHSEIEN "AUTWI,
<P 509D>
"WSTE 'AMFOTERA$ TA$ 'WFELIA$ TAUTA$ 'ECEIN, THN TE 'APO TOU*
MH 'ADIKEIN KAI THN 'APO TOU* MH 'ADIKEISQAI: PO=TERA DUNAMIN
'H= BOULHSIN: "WDE DE LEGW0; POTERON 'EA=N MH BOULHTAI 'ADIKEISQAI,
'OUK 'ADIKHSETAI, 'H= 'EA=N DUNAMIN PARASKEUASHTAI TOU*
MH 'ADIKEISQAI 'OUK8 'ADIKHSETAI8:
KAL _ DHLON DH TOUTO GE, "OTI4 'EA=N DUNAMIN.
SW _ TI= DE-DH TOU* 'ADIKEIN: POTERON 'EA=N MH BOULHTAI
'ADIKEIN, "IKANON TOUT' 'ESTIN % 'OU-GAR 'ADIKHSEI2 % 'H=-KAI 'EPI
<P 509E>
TOUTO DEI DUNAMIN TINA KAI TECNHN PARASKEUASASQAI, "W$,
'EA=N MH MAQHI6 'AUTA KAI 'ASKHSHI6, 'ADIKHSEI2: TI= 'OUK 'AUTO GE
MOI TOUTO 'APEKRINW, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, POTERON SOI4 DOKOUMEN
'ORQW$ 'ANAGKASQHNAI "OMOLOGEIN 'EN TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN LOGOI$
'EGW TE-KAI PWLO$ 'H= 'OU=, "HNIKA "WMOLOGHSAMEN MHDENA
BOULOMENON 'ADIKEIN, 'ALL' 'AKONTA$ TOU$ 'ADIKOUNTA$ PANTA$
'ADIKEIN:


<P 510A>
KAL _ 'ESTW SOI4 TOUTO, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OUTW$, "INA DIAPERANHI$
TON LOGON.
SW _ KAI 'EPI TOUTO 'A=RA, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, PARASKEUASTEON
'ESTI DUNAMIN TINA KAI TECNHN, "OPW$ MH 'ADIKHSWMEN.
KAL _ PANU GE.
SW _ TI=$ 'OUN POT' 'ESTIN TECNH TH$ PARASKEUH$ TOU*
MHDEN 'ADIKEISQAI 'H= "W$ 'OLIGISTA: SKEYAI2 'EI SOI4 DOKEI0 "HPER
'EMOI4. 'EMOI4 MEN-GAR DOKEI0 "HDE; 'H= 'AUTON 'ARCEIN DEIN 'EN
THI POLEI 'H=-KAI TURANNEIN, 'H= TH$ "UPARCOUSH$ POLITEIA$
"ETAIRON 'EINAI.
KAL _ "ORA*I$0, 'W* SWKRATE$, "W$ 'EGW "ETOIMO$ 'EIMI 'EPAINEIN,
<P 510B>
'AN2 TI KALW$ LEGHI$: TOUTO MOI DOKEI$ PANU KALW$ 'EIRHKENAI.
SW _ SKOPEI5 DH-KAI TODE 'EA=N SOI4 DOKW3 'EU LEGEIN. FILO$
MOI DOKEI0 "EKASTO$ "EKASTWI 'EINAI "W$ "OION-TE MALISTA, "ONPER
"OI PALAIOI TE-KAI SOFOI LEGOUSIN0, "O "OMOIO$ TW*I "OMOIWI. 'OU-KAI
SOI4:
KAL _ 'EMOIGE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "OPOU TURANNO$ 'ESTIN 'ARCWN 'AGRIO$ KAI
'APAIDEUTO$, 'EI TI$ TOUTOU 'EN THI POLEI POLU BELTIWN 'EIH,
FOBOITO DHPOU 'AN4 'AUTON "O TURANNO$ KAI TOUTWI 'EX "APANTO$
<P 510C>
TOU* NOU 'OUK 'AN4 POTE DUNAITO FILO$ GENESQAI:
KAL _ 'ESTI TAUTA.
SW _ 'OUDE-GE 'EI TI$ POLU FAULOTERO$ 'EIH, 'OUD' 'AN4 "OUTO$;
KATAFRONOI GAR 'AN4 'AUTOU4 "O TURANNO$ KAI 'OUK 'AN4 POTE "W$
PRO$ FILON SPOUDASEIEN.
KAL _ KAI TAUT' 'ALHQH.
SW _ LEIPETAI DH 'EKEINO$ MONO$ 'AXIO$ LOGOU FILO$ TW*I
TOIOUTWI, "O$4 'AN4 "OMOHQH$ 'WN, 'TAUTA YEGWN KAI 'EPAINWN,
'EQELHI5 'ARCESQAI KAI "UPOKEISQAI TW*I 'ARCONTI. "OUTO$ MEGA
<P 510D>
'EN TAUTHI THI POLEI DUNHSETAI, TOUTON 'OUDEI$ CAIRWN 'ADIKHSEI2.
'OUC "OUTW$ 'ECEI0:
KAL _ NAI.
SW _ 'EI 'A=RA TI$ 'ENNOHSEIEN 'EN TAUTHI THI POLEI TWN NEWN,
TI=NA 'AN4 TROPON 'EGW MEGA DUNAIMHN KAI MHDEI$ ME 'ADIKOIH:
"AU=TH, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'AUTWI "ODO$ 'ESTIN, 'EUQU$ 'EK NEOU 'EQIZEIN
"AUTON TOI$ 'AUTOI$ CAIREIN KAI 'ACQESQAI TW*I DESPOTHI, KAI
PARASKEUAZEIN "OPW$ "OTI2 MALISTA "OMOIO$ 'ESTAI 'EKEINWI. 'OUC
"OUTW$:
KAL _ NAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TOUTWI TO MEN MH 'ADIKEISQAI KAI MEGA
<P 510E>
DUNASQAI, "W$ "O "UMETERO$ LOGO$, 'EN THI POLEI
DIAPEPRAXETAI.
KAL _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN-KAI TO MH 'ADIKEIN: 'H= POLLOU DEI0, 'EIPER
"OMOIO$ 'ESTAI TW*I 'ARCONTI 'ONTI 'ADIKWI KAI PARA TOUTWI MEGA
DUNHSETAI: 'ALL' 'OIMAI 'EGWGE, PAN 'TOUNANTION "OUTWSI "H
PARASKEUH 'ESTAI 'AUTWI 'EPI TO "OIWI-TE-'EINAI "W$ PLEISTA
'ADIKEIN KAI 'ADIKOUNTA MH DIDONAI DIKHN. 'H*-GAR:
KAL _ FAINETAI


<P 511A>
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TO MEGISTON 'AUTWI KAKON "UPARXEI2 MOCQHRWI
'ONTI THN YUCHN KAI LELWBHMENWI DIA= THN MIMHSIN TOU* DESPOTOU
KAI DUNAMIN.
KAL _ 'OUK 'OID' "OPHI STREFEI$ "EKASTOTE TOU$ LOGOU$ 'ANW
KAI KATW, 'W* SWKRATE$; 'H= 'OUK 'OISQA "OTI4 "OUTO$ "O MIMOUMENO$
TON MH MIMOUMENON 'EKEINON 'APOKTENEI2, 'EA=N BOULHTAI, KAI
'AFAIRHSETAI TA 'ONTA.
<P 511B>
SW _ 'OIDA, 'WGAQE KALLIKLEI$, 'EI MH KWFO$ G' 'EIMI, KAI
SOU4 'AKOUWN KAI PWLOU 'ARTI POLLAKI$ KAI TWN 'ALLWN 'OLIGOU
PANTWN TWN 'EN THI POLEI; 'ALLA=-KAI SU 'EMOU4 'AKOUE, "OTI4
'APOKTENEI2 MEN, 'AN2 BOULHTAI, 'ALLA= PONHRO$ 'WN KALON 'KAGAQON
'ONTA.
KAL _ 'OU=KOUN TOUTO DH-KAI TO 'AGANAKTHTON:
SW _ 'OU NOUN GE 'ECONTI, "W$ "O LOGO$ SHMAINEI0. 'H= 'OIEI
DEIN TOUTO PARASKEUAZESQAI 'ANQRWPON, "W$ PLEISTON CRONON
ZHN, KAI MELETAN TA$ TECNA$ TAUTA$ "AI=4 "HMA$ 'AEI 'EK TWN
<P 511C>
KINDUNWN SWIZOUSIN0, "WSPER KAI "HN SU KELEUEI$ 'EME MELETAN
THN "RHTORIKHN THN 'EN TOI$ DIKASTHRIOI$ DIASWIZOUSAN:
KAL _ NAI MA DI=A 'ORQW$ GE SOI4 SUMBOULEUWN.
SW _ TI= DE, 'W* BELTISTE: 'H*-KAI "H TOU* NEIN 'EPISTHMH
SEMNH TI$ SOI4 DOKEI0 'EINAI:
KAL _ MA DI=' 'OUK 'EMOIGE.
SW _ KAI-MHN SWIZEI0 GE-KAI "AU=TH 'EK QANATOU TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$,
"OTAN 'EI$ TI TOIOUTON 'EMPESWSIN "OU4 DEI0 TAUTH$ TH$
'EPISTHMH$. 'EI D' "AU=TH SOI4 DOKEI0 SMIKRA 'EINAI, 'EGW SOI4
<P 511D>
MEIZONA TAUTH$ 'ERW2, THN KUBERNHTIKHN, "H=4 'OU MONON TA$ YUCA$
SWIZEI0 'ALLA=-KAI TA SWMATA KAI TA CRHMATA 'EK TWN 'ESCATWN
KINDUNWN, "WSPER "H "RHTORIKH. KAI "AU=TH MEN PROSESTALMENH
'ESTIN KAI KOSMI=A, KAI 'OU SEMNUNETAI 'ESCHMATISMENH "W$
"UPERHFANON TI DIAPRATTOMENH, 'ALLA= 'TAUTA DIAPRAXAMENH
THI DIKANIKHI, 'EA=N MEN 'EX 'AIGINH$ DEURO SWSHI6, 'OIMAI DU'
'OBOLOU$ 'EPRAXATO, 'EA=N DE 'EX 'AIGUPTOU 'H= 'EK TOU* PONTOU,
<P 511E>
'EA=N PAMPOLU, TAUTH$ TH$ MEGALH$ 'EUERGESIA$, SWSASA "A
NUNDH 'ELEGON, KAI 'AUTON KAI PAIDA$ KAI CRHMATA KAI GUNAIKA$,
'APOBIBASAS' 'EI$ TON LIMENA DUO DRACMA$ 'EPRAXATO,
KAI 'AUTO$ "O 'ECWN THN TECNHN KAI TAUTA DIAPRAXAMENO$
'EKBA$ PARA THN QALATTAN KAI THN NAUN PERIPATEI0 'EN METRIWI
SCHMATI; LOGIZESQAI GAR 'OIMAI 'EPISTATAI "OTI4 'ADHLON
'ESTIN "OUSTINA$ TE 'WFELHKEN0 TWN SUMPLEONTWN0 'OUK 'EASA$
KATAPONTWQHNAI KAI "OUSTINA$ 'EBLAYEN, 'EIDW$ "OTI4 'OUDEN


<P 512A>
'AUTOU$ BELTIOU$ 'EXEBIBASEN 'H= "OIOI 'ENEBHSAN, 'OUTE TA SWMATA
'OUTE TA$ YUCA$. LOGIZETAI 'OUN "OTI4 'OUK, 'EI MEN TI$
MEGALOI$ KAI 'ANIATOI$ NOSHMASIN KATA TO SWMA SUNECOMENO$
MH 'APEPNIGH, "OUTO$ MEN 'AQLIO$ 'ESTIN "OTI4 'OUK 'APEQANEN,
KAI 'OUDEN "UP' 'AUTOU4 'WFE=LHTAI; 'EI DE TI$ 'A=RA 'EN TW*I
TOU* SWMATO$ TIMIWTERWI, THI YUCHI, POLLA NOSHMATA 'ECEI0
KAI 'ANIATA, TOUTWI DE BIWTEON 'ESTIN KAI TOUTON 'ONHSEI2,
'ANTE 'EK QALATTH$ 'ANTE 'EK DIKASTHRIOU 'EANTE 'ALLOQEN "OPOQENOUN
<P 512B>
SWSHI6, 'ALL' 'OIDEN "OTI4 'OUK 'AMEINON 'ESTIN ZHN TW*I
MOCQHRWI 'ANQRWPWI; KAKW$ GAR 'ANAGKH 'ESTIN ZHN.
DIA= TAUTA 'OU NOMO$ 'ESTI SEMNUNESQAI TON KUBERNHTHN,
KAIPER SWIZONTA "HMA$, 'OUDE-GE, 'W* QAUMASIE, TON MHCANOPOION,
"O$4 'OUTE STRATHGOU, MH-"OTI4 KUBERNHTOU, 'OUTE 'ALLOU
'OUDENO$ 'ELATTW 'ENIOTE DUNATAI SWIZEIN; POLEI$ GAR 'ESTIN
"OTE "OLA$ SWIZEI0. MH SOI4 DOKEI0 KATA TON DIKANIKON 'EINAI:
KAITOI 'EI BOULOITO LEGEIN, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, "APER "UMEI$, SEMNUNWN0
<P 512C>
TO PRAGMA, KATACWSEIEN 'AN4 "UMA$ TOI$ LOGOI$, LEGWN
KAI PARAKALWN0 'EPI TO DEIN GIGNESQAI MHCANOPOIOU$, "W$
'OUDEN 'TALLA 'ESTIN; "IKANO$ GAR 'AUTWI "O LOGO$. 'ALLA= SU
'OUDEN "HTTON 'AUTOU4 KATAFRONEI$ KAI TH$ TECNH$ TH$ 'EKEINOU,
KAI "W$ 'EN 'ONEIDEI 'APOKALESAI$ 'AN4 MHCANOPOION, KAI
TW*I "UEI 'AUTOU4 'OUT' 'AN4 DOUNAI0 QUGATERA 'EQELOI$, 'OUT' 'AN4
'AUTO$ LABEIN THN 'EKEINOU. KAITOI 'EX "WN TA SAUTOU 'EPAINEI$,
TI=NI DIKAIWI LOGWI TOU* MHCANOPOIOU KATAFRONEI$ KAI
<P 512D>
TWN 'ALLWN "WN NUNDH 'ELEGON: 'OID' "OTI4 FAIH$ 'AN4 BELTIWN
'EINAI KAI 'EK BELTIONWN. TO DE BELTION 'EI MH 'ESTIN "O= 'EGW
LEGW0, 'ALL' 'AUTO TOUT' 'ESTIN 'ARETH, TO SWIZEIN "AUTON KAI
TA "EAUTOU 'ONTA "OPOIO$ TI$ 'ETUCEN, KATAGELASTO$ SOI4 "O
YOGO$ GIGNETAI KAI MHCANOPOIOU KAI 'IATROU KAI TWN 'ALLWN
TECNWN "OSAI TOU* SWIZEIN "ENEKA PEPOIHNTAI. 'ALL', 'W*
MAKARIE, "ORA MH 'ALLO TI TO GENNAION KAI TO 'AGAQON 'HI 'H=7 TO
SWIZEIN TE-KAI SWIZESQAI. MH-GAR TOUTO MEN, TO ZHN "OPOSONDH
<P 512E>
CRONON, TON GE "W$ 'ALHQW$ 'ANDRA 'EATEON 'ESTIN KAI
'OU FILOYUCHTEON, 'ALLA= 'EPITREYANTA PERI= TOUTWN TW*I QEWI
KAI PISTEUSANTA TAI$ GUNAIXIN "OTI4 THN "EIMARMENHN 'OUD' 'AN4
"EI$ 'EKFUGOI, TO 'EPI TOUTWI SKEPTEON TI=N' 'AN4 TROPON TOUTON
"ON MELLOI CRONON BIWNAI0 "W$ 'ARISTA BIWIH, 'A*RA 'EXOMOIWN


<P 513A>
"AUTON THI POLITEIA\ TAUTHI 'EN "HI 'AN4 'OIKHI5, KAI NU*N DE-'A=RA DEI
SE "W$ "OMOIOTATON GIGNESQAI TW*I DHMWI TW*I 'AQHNAIWN, 'EI
MELLEI$ TOUTWI PROSFILH$ 'EINAI KAI MEGA DUNASQAI 'EN THI
POLEI; TOUQ' "ORA 'EI SOI4 LUSITELEI0 KAI 'EMOI4, "OPW$ MH, 'W*
DAIMONIE, PEISOMEQA "OPER FASI0 TA$ THN SELHNHN KAQAIROUSA$,
TA$ QETTALIDA$; SUN TOI$ FILTATOI$ "H "AIRESI$ "HMIN
'ESTAI TAUTH$ TH$ DUNAMEW$ TH$ 'EN THI POLEI. 'EI DE SOI4 'OIEI
"ONTINOUN 'ANQRWPWN PARADWSEIN TECNHN TINA TOIAUTHN, "HTI$
<P 513B>
SE POIHSEI2 MEGA DUNASQAI 'EN THI POLEI THIDE 'ANOMOION 'ONTA
THI POLITEIA\ 'EI=T' 'EPI TO BELTION 'EI=T' 'EPI TO CEIRON, "W$ 'EMOI4
DOKEI0, 'OUK 'ORQW$ BOULEUHI0, 'W* KALLIKLEI$; 'OU-GAR MIMHTHN
DEI 'EINAI 'ALL' 'AUTOFUW$ "OMOION TOUTOI$, 'EI MELLEI$ TI GNHSION
'APERGAZESQAI 'EI$ FILIAN TW*I 'AQHNAIWN DHMWI KAI NAI
MA DI=A TW*I PURILAMPOU$ GE PRO$. "OSTI$ 'OUN SE TOUTOI$
"OMOIOTATON 'APERGASETAI, "OUTO$ SE POIHSEI2, "W$ 'EPIQUMEI$
POLITIKO$ 'EINAI, POLITIKON KAI "RHTORIKON; TW*I "AUTWN GAR
<P 513C>
'HQEI LEGOMENWN TWN LOGWN "EKASTOI CAIROUSI0, TW*I DE 'ALLOTRIWI
'ACQONTAI, 'EI MH TI SU 'ALLO LEGEI$, 'W* FILH KEFALH.
LEGOMEN TI PRO$ TAUTA, 'W* KALLIKLEI$:
KAL _ 'OUK 'OID' "ONTINA MOI TROPON DOKEI$ 'EU LEGEIN, 'W*
SWKRATE$, PEPONQA DE TO TWN POLLWN PAQO$; 'OU PANU SOI4
PEIQOMAI.
SW _ "O DHMOU GAR 'ERW$, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, 'ENWN 'EN THI YUCHI
THI SHI 'ANTISTATEI0 MOI; 'ALL' 'EA=N POLLAKI$ 'ISW$8 KAI8 BELTION
<P 513D>
'TAUTA TAUTA DIASKOPWMEQA, PEISQHSHI. 'ANAMNHSQHTI D'-'OUN
"OTI4 DU' 'EFAMEN 'EINAI TA$ PARASKEUA$ 'EPI TO "EKASTON QERAPEUEIN,
KAI SWMA KAI YUCHN, MIAN MEN PRO$ "HDONHN "OMILEIN,
THN "ETERAN DE PRO$ TO BELTISTON, MH KATACARIZOMENON 'ALLA=
DIAMACOMENON. 'OU TAUTA 'H*N "A= TO=TE "WRIZOMEQA:
KAL _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "H MEN "ETE=RA, "H PRO$ "HDONHN, 'AGENNH$ KAI
'OUDEN 'ALLO 'H= KOLAKEIA TUGCANEI0 'OUSA; 'H*-GAR:
<P 513E>
KAL _ 'ESTW, 'EI BOULEI, SOI4 "OUTW$.
SW _ "H DE-GE "ETE=RA GENNAIOTE=RA7, "OPW$ "W$ BELTISTON 'ESTAI TOUTO,
'EI=TE SWMA TUGCANEI0 'ON 'EI=TE YUCH, "O= QERAPEUOMEN:
KAL _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN "OUTW$ 'EPICEIRHTEON "HMIN 'ESTIN THI POLEI
KAI TOI$ POLITAI$ QERAPEUEIN, "W$ BELTISTOU$ 'AUTOU$ TOU$
POLITA$ POIOUNTA$: 'ANEU GAR-DH TOUTOU, "W$ 'EN TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN
"HURISKOMEN, 'OUDEN 'OFELO$ 'ALLHN 'EUERGESIAN 'OUDEMIAN


<P 514A>
PROSFEREIN, 'EA=N MH KALH 'KAGAQH "H DIANOIA 'HI TWN
MELLONTWN0 'H= CRHMATA POLLA LAMBANEIN 'H= 'ARCHN TINWN 'H=
'ALLHN DUNAMIN "HNTINOUN. FWMEN "OUTW$ 'ECEIN:
KAL _ PANU GE, 'EI SOI4 "HDION.
SW _ 'EI 'OUN PAREKALOUMEN 'ALLHLOU$, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, DHMOSIA\
PRAXONTE$ TWN POLITIKWN PRAGMATWN 'EPI TA 'OIKODOMIKA,
'H= TEICWN 'H= NEWRIWN 'H= "IERWN 'EPI TA MEGISTA 'OIKODOMHMATA,
POTERON 'EDEI 'AN4 "HMA$ SKEYASQAI "HMA$-'AUTOU$ KAI
<P 514B>
'EXETASAI0 PRWTON MEN 'EI 'EPISTAMEQA0 THN TECNHN 'H= 'OUK
'EPISTAMEQA0, THN 'OIKODOMIKHN, KAI PARA TOU*2 'EMAQOMEN: 'EDEI
'AN4 'H= 'OU=:
KAL _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N DEUTERON 'AU TODE, 'EI TI PWPOTE 'OIKODOMHMA
'WIKODOMHKAMEN 'IDIA\ 'H= TWN FILWN TINI 'H= "HMETERON 'AUTWN, KAI
TOUTO TO 'OIKODOMHMA KALON 'H= 'AISCRON 'ESTIN; KAI 'EI MEN
"HURISKOMEN SKOPOUMENOI DIDASKALOU$ TE "HMWN 'AGAQOU$ KAI
<P 514C>
'ELLOGIMOU$ GEGONOTA$ KAI 'OIKODOMHMATA POLLA MEN-KAI KALA
META TWN DIDASKALWN 'WIKODOMHMENA "HMIN, POLLA DE-KAI 'I=DIA
"HMWN 'EPEIDH TWN DIDASKALWN 'APHLLAGHMEN, "OUTW MEN DIAKEIMENWN,
NOUN 'ECONTWN0 'H*N 'AN4 'IENAI 'EPI TA DHMO=SIA 'ERGA;
'EI DE-MHTE DIDASKALON 'EICOMEN "HMWN-'AUTWN 'EPIDEIXAI0 'OIKODOMHMATA
TE 'H= MHDEN 'H= POLLA KAI MHDENO$ 'A=XIA, "OUTW
DH 'ANOHTON 'H*N DHPOU 'EPICEIREIN TOI$ DHMOSIOI$ 'ERGOI$ KAI
PARAKALEIN0 'ALLHLOU$ 'EP' 'AUTA. FWMEN TAUTA 'ORQW$ LEGESQAI
<P 514D>
'H= 'OU=:
KAL _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "OUTW PANTA, TA TE 'A=LLA 'KAN4 'EI 'EPICEIRHSANTE$
DHMOSIEUEIN PAREKALOUMEN 'ALLHLOU$ "W$ "IKANOI 'IATROI
'ONTE$, 'EPESKEYAMEQA DHPOU 'AN4 'EGW TE SE KAI SU 'EME, FERE
PRO$ QEWN, 'AUTO$ DE "O SWKRATH$ PW*$ 'ECEI0 TO SWMA PRO$
"UGIEIAN: 'H= 'HDH TI$ 'ALLO$ DIA= SWKRATHN 'APHLLAGH NOSOU,
'H= DOULO$ 'H= 'ELEUQERO$: 'KAN4 'EGW 'OIMAI PERI= SOU4 "E=TERA
TOIAUTA 'ESKOPOUN; KAI 'EI MH "HURISKOMEN DI' "HMA$ MHDENA
<P 514E>
BELTIW GEGONOTA TO SWMA, MHTE TWN XENWN MHTE TWN
'ASTWN, MHTE 'ANDRA MHTE GUNAIKA, PRO$ DIO$, 'W* KALLIKLEI$,
'OU KATAGELASTON 'AN4 'H*N THI 'ALHQEIA\, 'EI$ TOSOUTON 'ANOIA$
'ELQEIN 'ANQRWPOU$, "WSTE, PRIN 'IDIWTEUONTA$ POLLA MEN "OPW$
'ETUCOMEN POIHSAI0, POLLA DE KATORQWSAI0 KAI GUMNASASQAI
"IKANW$ THN TECNHN, TO LEGOMENON DH TOUTO 'EN TW*I PIQWI THN
KERAMEIAN 'EPICEIREIN MANQANEIN, KAI 'AUTOU$ TE DHMOSIEUEIN
'EPICEIREIN KAI 'ALLOU$ TOIOUTOU$ PARAKALEIN0: 'OUK 'ANOHTON
SOI4 DOKEI0 'AN4 'EINAI "OUTW PRATTEIN:
KAL _ 'EMOIGE.


<P 515A>
SW _ NU*N DE, 'W* BELTISTE 'ANDRWN, 'EPEIDH SU MEN 'AUTO$
'ARTI 'ARCHI0 PRATTEIN TA TH$ POLEW$ PRAGMATA, 'EME DE PARAKALEI$0
KAI 'ONEIDIZEI$ "OTI4 'OU PRATTW0, 'OUK 'EPISKEYOMEQA
'ALLHLOU$, FERE, KALLIKLH$ 'HDH TINA BELTIW PEPOIHKEN0
TWN POLITWN: 'ESTIN "OSTI$ PROTERON PONHRO$ 'WN, 'ADIKO$ TE-KAI
'AKOLASTO$ KAI 'AFRWN, DIA= KALLIKLEA KALO$ TE 'KAGAQO$
GEGONEN0, 'H= XENO$ 'H= 'ASTO$, 'H= DOULO$ 'H= 'ELEUQERO$: LEGE MOI,
<P 515B>
'EA=N TI$ SE TAUTA 'EXETAZHI5, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, TI= 'EREI$2: TI=NA
FHSEI$ BELTIW PEPOIHKENAI 'ANQRWPON THI SUNOUSIA\ THI SHI:
'OKNEI$ 'APOKRINASQAI, 'EIPER 'ESTIN TI 'ERGON SON 'ETI 'IDIWTEUONTO$,
PRIN DHMOSIEUEIN 'EPICEIREIN:
KAL _ FILONIKO$ 'EI*0, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'ALL' 'OU FILONIKIA\ GE 'ERWTW0, 'ALL' "W$ 'ALHQW$ BOULOMENO$
'EIDENAI "ONTINA POTE TROPON 'OIEI DEIN POLITEUESQAI
'EN "HMIN. 'H* 'ALLOU TOU 'A=RA 'EPIMELHSHI2 "HMIN 'ELQWN 'EPI TA
<P 515C>
TH$ POLEW$ PRAGMATA 'H= "OPW$ "OTI2 BELTISTOI "OI POLITAI 'WMEN:
'H= 'OU POLLAKI$ 'HDH "WMOLOGHKAMEN TOUTO DEIN PRATTEIN TON
POLITIKON 'ANDRA: "WMOLOGHKAMEN 'H= 'OU=: 'APOKRINOU. "WMOLOGHKAMEN;
'EGW "UPER SOU4 'APOKRINOUMAI. 'EI TOINUN TOUTO
DEI TON 'AGAQON 'ANDRA PARASKEUAZEIN THI "EAUTOU POLEI, NU*N
MOI 'ANAMNHSQEI$ 'EIPE= PERI= 'EKEINWN TWN 'ANDRWN "WN 'OLIGWI
PROTERON 'ELEGE$, 'EI 'ETI SOI4 DOKOUSIN0 'AGAQOI POLITAI GEGONENAI,
<P 515D>
PERIKLH$ KAI KIMWN KAI MILTIADH$ KAI QEMISTOKLH$.
KAL _ 'EMOIGE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EIPER 'AGAQOI, DHLON "OTI4 "EKASTO$ 'AUTWN
BELTIOU$ 'EPOIEI TOU$ POLITA$ 'ANTI CEIRONWN. 'EPOIEI 'H= 'OU=:
KAL _ NAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "OTE PERIKLH$ 'HRCETO LEGEIN 'EN TW*I DHMWI,
CEIROU$ 'HSAN "OI 'AQHNAIOI 'H= "OTE TA TELEUTAI*A 'ELEGEN:
KAL _ 'ISW$.
SW _ 'OUK 'ISW$ DH, 'W* BELTISTE, 'ALL' 'ANAGKHI 'EK TWN
"WMOLOGHMENWN, 'EIPER 'AGAQO$ G' 'H*N 'EKEINO$ POLITH$.
<P 515E>
KAL _ TI= 'OUN-DH:
SW _ 'OUDEN; 'ALLA= TODE MOI 'EIPE= 'EPI TOUTWI, 'EI LEGONTAI
'AQHNAIOI DIA= PERIKLEA BELTIOU$ GEGONENAI, 'H= PAN 'TOUNANTION
DIAFQARHNAI "UP' 'EKEINOU. TAUTI GAR 'EGWGE 'AKOUW0,
PERIKLEA PEPOIHKENAI 'AQHNAIOU$ 'ARGOU$ KAI DEILOU$ KAI
LALOU$ KAI FILARGUROU$, 'EI$ MISQOFORIAN PRWTON
KATASTHSANTA.
KAL _ TWN TA 'WTA KATEAGOTWN 'AKOUEI$ TAUTA, 'W*
SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'ALLA= TADE 'OUKETI 'AKOUW0, 'ALL' 'OIDA SAFW$ KAI
'EGW KAI SU, "OTI4 TO MEN PRWTON 'HUDOKIMEI PERIKLH$ KAI
'OUDEMIAN 'AISCRAN DIKHN KATEYHFISANTO 'AUTOU4 'AQHNAIOI,
"HNIKA CEIROU$ 'HSAN; 'EPEIDH DE KALOI 'KAGAQOI 'EGEGONESAN


<P 516A>
"UP' 'AUTOU4, 'EPI TELEUTHI TOU* BIOU TOU* PERIKLEOU$, KLOPHN
'AUTOU4 KATEYHFISANTO, 'OLIGOU DE-KAI QANATOU 'ETIMHSAN,
DHLON "OTI4 "W$ PONHROU 'ONTO$.
KAL _ TI= 'OUN: TOUTOU "ENEKA KAKO$ 'H*N PERIKLH$:
SW _ 'ONWN GOUN 'AN4 'EPIMELHTH$ KAI "IPPWN KAI BOWN
TOIOUTO$ 'WN KAKO$ 'AN4 'EDOKEI 'EINAI, 'EI PARALABWN MH LAKTIZONTA$
"EAUTON MHDE KURITTONTA$ MHDE DAKNONTA$ 'APEDEIXE
TAUTA "APANTA POIOUNTA$ DI' 'AGRIOTHTA. 'H= 'OU DOKEI0 SOI4
<P 516B>
KAKO$ 'EINAI 'EPIMELHTH$ "OSTISOUN "OTOUOUN ZWIOU, "O$4 'AN4 PARALABWN
"HMERW=TERA 'APODEIXHI6 'AGRIW=TERA 'H= PARELABE: DOKEI0
'H= 'OU=:
KAL _ PANU GE, "INA SOI4 CARISWMAI.
SW _ KAI TODE TOINUN MOI CARISAI2 'APOKRINAMENO$; POTERON
KAI "O 'ANQRWPO$ "EN TWN ZWIWN 'ESTIN 'H= 'OU=:
KAL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'ANQRWPWN PERIKLH$ 'EPEMELETO:
KAL _ NAI.
SW _ TI= 'OUN: 'OUK 'EDEI 'AUTOU$, "W$ 'ARTI "WMOLOGOUMEN,
DIKAIOTEROU$ GEGONENAI 'ANTI 'ADIKWTERWN "UP' 'EKEINOU, 'EIPER
<P 516C>
'EKEINO$ 'EPEMELEITO 'AUTWN 'AGAQO$ 'WN TA POLITIKA:
KAL _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "OI1 GE1 DIKAIOI1 "HMEROI1, "W$ 'EFH "OMHRO$; SU
DE TI= FH=I$: 'OUC "OUTW$:
KAL _ NAI.
SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN 'AGRIWTEROU$ GE 'AUTOU$ 'APEFHNEN 'H= "OIOU$
PARELABEN, KAI TAUT' 'EI$ "AUTON, "ON "HKIST' 'AN4 'EBOULETO.
KAL _ BOULEI SOI4 "OMOLOGHSW4:
SW _ 'EI DWKW0 GE SOI4 'ALHQH LEGEIN.
KAL _ 'ESTW DH TAUTA.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EIPER 'AGRIWTEROU$, 'ADIKWTEROU$ TE-KAI
CEIROU$:
<P 516D>
KAL _ 'ESTW.
SW _ 'OUK-'A=R' 'AGAQO$ TA POLITIKA PERIKLH$ 'H*N 'EK TOUTOU
TOU* LOGOU.
KAL _ 'OU SU GE FH=I$.
SW _ MA DI=' 'OUDE-GE SU 'EX "WN "WMOLOGEI$. PALIN DE
LEGE MOI PERI= KIMWNO$; 'OUK 'EXWSTRAKISAN 'AUTON "OUTOI "OU$
'EQERAPEUEN, "INA 'AUTOU4 DEKA 'ETWN MH 'AKOUSEIAN TH$ FWNH$:
KAI QEMISTOKLEA 'TAUTA TAUTA 'EPOIHSAN KAI FUGHI PROSEZHMIWSAN:
MILTIADHN DE TON 'EN MARAQWNI 'EI$ TO BARAQRON
<P 516E>
'EMBALEIN20 'EYHFISANTO, KAI 'EI MH DIA= TON PRUTANIN, 'ENEPESEN
'AN4: KAITOI "OUTOI, 'EI 'HSAN 'ANDRE$ 'AGAQOI, "W$ SU FH=I$, 'OUK
'AN4 POTE TAUTA 'EPASCON. 'OU=KOUN "OI GE 'AGAQOI "HNIOCOI KAT'
'ARCA$ MEN 'OUK 'EKPIPTOUSIN0 'EK TWN ZEUGWN, 'EPEIDAN DE
QERAPEUSWSIN TOU$ "IPPOU$ KAI 'AUTOI 'AMEINOU$ GENWNTAI
"HNIOCOI, TO=T' 'EKPIPTOUSIN0; 'OUK 'ESTI TAUT' 'OUT' 'EN "HNIOCEIA\
'OUT' 'EN 'ALLWI 'ERGWI 'OUDENI; 'H= DOKEI0 SOI4:
KAL _ 'OUK 'EMOIGE.
SW _ 'ALHQEI$ 'A=RA, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "OI 'EMPROSQEN LOGOI 'HSAN,


<P 517A>
"OTI4 'OUDENA "HMEI$ 'ISMEN 'ANDRA 'AGAQON GEGONOTA TA POLITIKA
'EN THIDE THI POLEI. SU DE "WMOLOGEI$ TWN GE NU*N 'OUDENA,
TWN MENTOI 'EMPROSQEN, KAI PROEILOU TOUTOU$ TOU$ 'ANDRA$;
"OUTOI DE 'ANEFANHSAN 'EX 'ISOU TOI$ NU*N 'ONTE$, "WSTE, 'EI "OUTOI
"RHTORE$ 'HSAN, 'OUTE THI 'ALHQINHI "RHTORIKHI 'ECRWNTO % 'OU-GAR
'AN4 'EXEPESON % 'OUTE THI KOLAKIKHI.
KAL _ 'ALLA=-MENTOI POLLOU GE DEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, MH
POTE TI$ TWN NU*N 'ERGA TOIAUTA 'ERGASHTAI "OI*A TOUTWN "OSTI$
<P 517B>
BOULEI 'EIRGASTAI.
SW _ 'W* DAIMONIE, 'OUD' 'EGW YEGW0 TOUTOU$ "W$ GE DIAKONOU$
'EINAI POLEW$, 'ALLA= MOI DOKOUSI0 TWN GE NU*N DIAKONIKWTEROI
GEGONENAI KAI MALLON "OIOI-TE 'EKPORIZEIN THI POLEI "WN
'EPEQUMEI. 'ALLA=-GAR METABIBAZEIN TA$ 'EPIQUMIA$ KAI MH
'EPITREPEIN, PEIQONTE$ KAI BIAZOMENOI 'EPI TOUTO "OQEN 'EMELLON
'AMEINOU$ 'ESESQAI "OI POLITAI, "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN 'OUDEN
<P 517C>
TOUTWN DIEFERON 'EKEINOI; "OPER MONON 'ERGON 'ESTIN 'AGAQOU
POLITOU. NAU$ DE-KAI TEICH KAI NEWRIA KAI 'A=LLA POLLA
TOIAUTA KAI 'EGW SOI4 "OMOLOGW0 DEINOTEROU$ 'EINAI 'EKEINOU$
TOUTWN 'EKPORIZEIN. PRAGMA 'OUN GELOION POIOUMEN 'EGW TE-KAI
SU 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$; 'EN PANTI GAR TW*I CRONWI "ON DIALEGOMEQA
'OUDEN PAUOMEQA 'EI$ TO 'AUTO 'AEI PERIFEROMENOI KAI
'AGNOOUNTE$ 'ALLHLWN "OTI2 LEGOMEN. 'EGW GOUN SE POLLAKI$
'OIMAI "WMOLOGHKENAI KAI 'EGNWKENAI "W$ 'A=RA DITTH TI$ "AU=TH
<P 517D>
"H PRAGMATEIA 'ESTIN KAI PERI= TO SWMA KAI PERI= THN YUCHN,
KAI "H MEN "ETE=RA DIAKONIKH 'ESTIN, "HI DUNATON 'EINAI 'EKPORIZEIN,
'EA=N MEN PEINHI2 TA SWMATA "HMWN, SITIA, 'EA=N DE DIYHI2, POTA,
'EA=N DE "RIGWI2, "IMATIA, STRWMATA, "UPODHMATA, 'A=LL'0 "WN 'ERCETAI
SWMATA 'EI$ 'EPIQUMIAN; KAI 'EXEPITHDE$ SOI4 DIA= TWN 'AUTWN
'EIKONWN LEGW0, "INA "RA*ION KATAMAQHI$. TOUTWN GAR PORISTIKON
'EINAI 'H= KAPHLON 'ONTA 'H= 'EMPORON 'H= DHMIOURGON TOU 'AUTWN
<P 517E>
TOUTWN, SITOPOION 'H= 'OYOPOION 'H= "UFANTHN 'H= SKUTOTOMON 'H=
SKUTODEYON, "ON7 'OUDEN QAUMASTON 'ESTIN 'ONTA TOIOUTON DOXAI0 KAI
"AUTWI KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ QERAPEUTHN 'EINAI SWMATO$, PANTI TW*I
MH 'EIDOTI "OTI4 'ESTIN TI$ PARA TAUTA$ "APASA$ TECNH GUMNASTIKH
TE-KAI 'IATRIKH, "H=4 DH TW*I-'ONTI GE 'ESTIN SWMATO$
QERAPEIA, "HNPER KAI PROSHKEI0 TOUTWN 'ARCEIN PASWN TWN
TECNWN KAI CRHSQAI TOI$ TOUTWN 'ERGOI$ DIA= TO 'EIDENAI "OTI2 TE
CRHSTON KAI PONHRON TWN SITIWN 'H= POTWN 'ESTIN 'EI$ 'ARETHN


<P 518A>
SWMATO$, TA$ D' 'ALLA$ PASA$ TAUTA$ 'AGNOEIN; DIO DH-KAI
TAUTA$ MEN DOULOPREPEI$ TE-KAI DIAKONIKA$ KAI 'ANELEUQEROU$
'EINAI PERI=8 SWMATO$8 PRAGMATEIAN8, TA$ 'ALLA$ TECNA$, THN DE
GUMNASTIKHN KAI 'IATRIKHN KATA TO DIKAION DESPOINA$ 'EINAI
TOUTWN. 'TAUTA 'OUN TAUTA "OTI4 'ESTIN KAI PERI= YUCHN, TOTE=
MEN MOI DOKEI$ MANQANEIN "OTE LEGW0, KAI "OMOLOGEI$ "W$ 'EIDW$
"OTI2 'EGW LEGW0; "HKEI$ DE 'OLIGON "USTERON LEGWN "OTI4 'ANQRWPOI
<P 518B>
KALOI 'KAGAQOI GEGONASIN POLITAI 'EN THI POLEI, KAI 'EPEIDAN
'EGW 'ERWTW3 "OITINE$, DOKEI$ MOI "OMOIOTATOU$ PROTEINESQAI
'ANQRWPOU$ PERI= TA POLITIKA, "WSPER 'AN4 'EI PERI= TA GUMNASTIKA
'EMOU4 'ERWTWNTO$ "OITINE$ 'AGAQOI GEGONASIN 'H= 'EISIN
SWMATWN QERAPEUTAI, 'ELEGE$ MOI PANU SPOUDAZWN, QEARIWN
"O 'ARTOKOPO$ KAI MIQAIKO$ "O THN 'OYOPOIIAN SUGGEGRAFW$
THN SIKELIKHN KAI SARAMBO$ "O KAPHLO$, "OTI4 "OUTOI QAUMASIOI
GEGONASIN SWMATWN QERAPEUTAI, "O MEN 'ARTOU$ QAUMASTOU$
<P 518C>
PARASKEUAZWN, "O DE 'OYON, "O DE 'OINON. 'ISW$ 'AN4 'OUN 'HGANAKTEI$,
'EI SOI4 'ELEGON 'EGW "OTI4 'ANQRWPE, 'EPAIEI$ 'OUDEN
PERI= GUMNASTIKH$; DIAKONOU$ MOI LEGEI$ KAI 'EPIQUMIWN
PARASKEUASTA$ 'ANQRWPOU$, 'OUK 'EPAIONTA$ KALON 'KAGAQON
'OUDEN PERI= 'AUTWN, "OI=4, 'AN2 "OUTW TUCWSIN, 'EMPLHSANTE$ KAI
PACUNANTE$ TA SWMATA TWN 'ANQRWPWN, 'EPAINOUMENOI "UP'
'AUTWN, PROSAPOLOUSIN2 'AUTWN KAI TA$ 'ARCAIA$ SARKA$; "OI
<P 518D>
D' 'AU DI' 'APEIRIAN 'OU TOU$ "ESTIWNTA$ 'AITIASONTAI TWN NOSWN
'AITIOU$ 'EINAI KAI TH$ 'APOBOLH$ TWN 'ARCAIWN SARKWN, 'ALL'
"OI=4 'AN4 'AUTOI$ TUCWSI TO=TE PARONTE$ KAI SUMBOULEUONTE$ TI,
"OTAN DH 'AUTOI$ "HKHI5 "H TO=TE PLHSMONH NOSON FEROUSA SUCNWI
"USTERON CRONWI "ATE 'ANEU TOU* "UGIEINOU GEGONUIA, TOUTOU$
'AITIASONTAI KAI YEXOUSIN2 KAI KAKON TI POIHSOUSIN2, 'AN2 "OIOI-T'-'WSI,
TOU$ DE PROTEROU$ 'EKEINOU$ KAI 'AITIOU$ TWN KAKWN
<P 518E>
'EGKWMIASOUSIN2. KAI SU NU*N, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, "OMOIOTATON
TOUTWI 'ERGAZHI0; 'EGKWMIAZEI$ 'ANQRWPOU$, "OI=4 TOUTOU$ "EISTIAKASIN
'EUWCOUNTE$ "WN 'EPEQUMOUN. KAI FASI0 MEGALHN THN
POLIN PEPOIHKENAI 'AUTOU$; "OTI4 DE 'OIDEI0 KAI "UPOULO$ 'ESTIN


<P 519A>
DI' 'EKEINOU$ TOU$ PALAIOU$, 'OUK 'AISQANONTAI. 'ANEU GAR
SWFROSUNH$ KAI DIKAIOSUNH$ LIMENWN KAI NEWRIWN KAI
TEICWN KAI FORWN KAI TOIOUTWN FLUARIWN 'EMPEPLHKASI THN
POLIN; "OTAN 'OUN 'ELQHI6 "H KATABOLH "AU=TH TH$ 'ASQENEIA$, TOU$
TO=TE PARONTA$ 'AITIASONTAI SUMBOULOU$, QEMISTOKLEA DE
KAI KIMWNA KAI PERIKLEA 'EGKWMIASOUSIN2, TOU$ 'AITIOU$
TWN KAKWN; SOU4 DE 'ISW$ 'EPILHYONTAI, 'EA=N MH 'EULABHI3, KAI
TOU* 'EMOU2 "ETAIROU 'ALKIBIADOU, "OTAN KAI TA 'ARCAI*A PROSAPOLLUWSI
<P 519B>
PRO$ "OI$ 'EKTHSANTO, 'OUK 'AITIWN 'ONTWN0 TWN KAKWN
'ALL' 'ISW$ SUNAITIWN. KAITOI 'EGWGE 'ANOHTON PRAGMA KAI
NU*N "ORW0 GIGNOMENON KAI 'AKOUW0 TWN PALAIWN 'ANDRWN PE=RI.
'AISQANOMAI GAR, "OTAN "H POLI$ TINA TWN POLITIKWN 'ANDRWN
METACEIRIZHTAI "W$ 'ADIKOUNTA, 'AGANAKTOUNTWN0 KAI SCETLIAZONTWN0
"W$ DEINA PASCOUSI0; POLLA KAI 'AGAQA THN POLIN
PEPOIHKOTE$ 'A=RA 'ADIKW$ "UP' 'AUTH$ 'APOLLUNTAI, "W$ "O TOUTWN
LOGO$. TO DE "OLON YEUDO$ 'ESTIN; PROSTATH$ GAR POLEW$
<P 519C>
'OUD' 'AN4 "EI$ POTE 'ADIKW$ 'APOLOITO "UP' 'AUTH$ TAUTH$ TH$ POLEW$ "H$
PROSTATEI0. KINDUNEUEI0 GAR 'TAUTON 'EINAI, "OSOI TE POLITIKOI
PROSPOIOUNTAI 'EINAI KAI "OSOI SOFISTAI. KAI-GAR "OI SOFISTAI,
'TALLA SOFOI 'ONTE$, TOUTO 'ATOPON 'ERGAZONTAI PRAGMA;
FASKONTE$ GAR 'ARETH$ DIDASKALOI 'EINAI POLLAKI$ KATHGOROUSIN0
TWN MAQHTWN "W$ 'ADIKOUSI0 SFA$ "AUTOU$8, TOU$ TE
MISQOU$ 'APOSTEROUNTE$ KAI 'ALLHN CARIN 'OUK 'APODIDONTE$,
<P 519D>
'EU PAQONTE$ "UP' 'AUTWN. KAI TOUTOU TOU* LOGOU TI= 'AN4 'ALOGWTERON
'EIH PRAGMA, 'ANQRWPOU$ 'AGAQOU$ KAI DIKAIOU$ GENOMENOU$,
'EXAIREQENTA$ MEN 'ADIKIAN "UPO TOU* DIDASKALOU,
SCONTA$ DE DIKAIOSUNHN, 'ADIKEIN TOUTWI "O= 'OUK 'ECOUSIN0: 'OU
DOKEI0 SOI4 TOUTO 'ATOPON 'EINAI, 'W* "ETAIRE: "W$ 'ALHQW$ DHMHGOREIN
ME 'HNAGKASA$, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, 'OUK 'EQELWN
'APOKRINESQAI.
KAL _ SU D' 'OUK 'AN4 "OIO$-T'-'EIH$ LEGEIN, 'EI MH TI$ SOI4
'APOKRINOITO0:
<P 519E>
SW _ 'EOIKA GE; NU*N GOUN SUCNOU$ TEINW0 TWN LOGWN,
'EPEIDH MOI 'OUK 'EQELEI$ 'APOKRINESQAI. 'ALL', 'WGAQE, 'EIPE=
PRO$ FILIOU, 'OU DOKEI0 SOI4 'ALOGON 'EINAI 'AGAQON FASKONTA
PEPOIHKENAI TINA MEMFESQAI TOUTWI "OTI4 "UF' "EAUTOU 'AGAQO$
GEGONW$ TE-KAI 'WN 'EPEITA PONHRO$ 'ESTIN:
KAL _ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'AKOUEI$ TOIAUTA LEGONTWN0 TWN FASKONTWN0
PAIDEUEIN 'ANQRWPOU$ 'EI$ 'ARETHN:


<P 520A>
KAL _ 'EGWGE; 'ALLA= TI= 'AN4 LEGOI$ 'ANQRWPWN PE=RI 'OUDENO$
'AXIWN:
SW _ TI= D' 'AN4 PERI= 'EKEINWN LEGOI$, "OI=4 FASKONTE$ PROESTANAI
TH$ POLEW$ KAI 'EPIMELEISQAI "OPW$ "W$ BELTISTH
'ESTAI, PALIN 'AUTH$ KATHGOROUSIN0, "OTAN TUCWSIN, "W$ PONHROTATH$:
'OIEI TI DIAFEREIN TOUTOU$ 'EKEINWN: 'TAUTON, 'W*
MAKARI', 'ESTIN SOFISTH$ KAI "RHTWR, 'H= 'EGGU$ TI KAI PARAPLHSION,
"WSPER 'EGW 'ELEGON PRO$ PWLON; SU DE DI' 'AGNOIAN
<P 520B>
TO MEN PAGKALON TI 'OIEI 'EINAI, THN "RHTORIKHN, TOU* DE KATAFRONEI$.
THI DE 'ALHQEIA\ KALLION 'ESTIN SOFISTIKH "RHTORIKH$
"OSWIPER NOMOQETIKH DIKASTIKH$ KAI GUMNASTIKH 'IATRIKH$.
MONOI$ D' 'EGWGE KAI 'WIMHN TOI$ DHMHGOROI$ TE-KAI SOFISTAI$
'OUK 'EGCWREIN MEMFESQAI TOUTWI TW*I PRAGMATI "O= 'AUTOI PAIDEUOUSIN0,
"W$ PONHRON 'ESTIN 'EI$ SFA$, 'H= TW*I 'AUTWI LOGWI
TOUTWI "AMA KAI "EAUTWN KATHGOREIN "OTI4 'OUDEN 'WFELHKASIN
"OU$ FASIN0 'WFELEIN. 'OUC "OUTW$ 'ECEI0:
<P 520C>
KAL _ PANU GE.
SW _ KAI PROESQAI GE-DHPOU THN 'EUERGESIAN 'ANEU MISQOU,
"W$ TO 'EIKO$, MONOI$ TOUTOI$ 'ENECWREI, 'EIPER 'ALHQH 'ELEGON.
'ALLHN MEN-GAR 'EUERGESIAN TI$ 'EUERGETHQEI$, "OION TACU$
GENOMENO$ DIA= PAIDOTRIBHN, 'ISW$ 'AN4 'APOSTERHSEIE THN
CARIN, 'EI PROOITO 'AUTWI "O PAIDOTRIBH$ KAI MH, SUNQEMENO$
'AUTWI8 MISQON, "OTI2 MALISTA "AMA METADIDOU$ TOU* TACOU$ LAMBANOI
<P 520D>
TO 'ARGURION; 'OU-GAR-DH THI BRADUTHTI 'OIMAI 'ADIKOUSIN0
"OI 'ANQRWPOI, 'ALL' 'ADIKIA\; 'H*-GAR:
KAL _ NAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EI TI$ 'AUTO TOUTO 'AFAIREI0, THN 'ADIKIAN,
'OUDEN DEINON 'AUTWI MHPOTE 'ADIKHQHI, 'ALLA= MONWI 'ASFALE$
TAUTHN THN 'EUERGESIAN PROESQAI, 'EIPER TW*I-'ONTI DUNAITO TI$
'AGAQOU$ POIEIN. 'OUC "OUTW:
KAL _ FHMI.
SW _ DIA= TAUT' 'A=RA "W$ 'EOIKE0, TA$ MEN 'ALLA$ SUMBOULA$
SUMBOULEUEIN LAMBANONTA 'ARGURION, "OION 'OIKODOMIA$ PE=RI
'H= TWN 'ALLWN TECNWN, 'OUDEN 'AISCRON.
<P 520E>
KAL _ 'EOIKE0 GE.
SW _ PERI= DE-GE TAUTH$ TH$ PRAXEW$, "ONTIN' 'AN4 TI$ TROPON
"W$ BELTISTO$ 'EIH KAI 'ARISTA THN "AUTOU 'OIKIAN DIOIKOI
'H= POLIN, 'AISCRON NENOMISTAI MH FANAI SUMBOULEUEIN, 'EA=N
MH TI$ 'AUTWI 'ARGURION DIDWI0. 'H*-GAR:
KAL _ NAI.
SW _ DHLON GAR "OTI4 TOUTO 'AITION 'ESTIN, "OTI4 MONH "AU=TH
TWN 'EUERGESIWN TON 'EU PAQONTA 'EPIQUMEIN POIEI0 'ANT' 'EU
POIEIN, "WSTE KALON DOKEI0 TO SHMEION 'EINAI, 'EI 'EU POIHSA$
TAUTHN THN 'EUERGESIAN 'ANT' 'EU PEISETAI; 'EI DE MH, 'OU=.
'ESTI TAUTA "OUTW$ 'ECONTA:


<P 521A>
KAL _ 'ESTIN
SW _ 'EPI POTERAN 'OUN ME PARAKALEI$0 THN QERAPEIAN
TH$ POLEW$, DIORISON2 MOI; THN TOU* DIAMACESQAI 'AQHNAIOI$
"OPW$ "W$ BELTISTOI 'ESONTAI, "W$ 'IATRON, 'H= "W$ DIAKONHSONTA
KAI PRO$ CARIN "OMILHSONTA: 'TALHQH MOI 'EIPE=, 'W* KALLIKLEI$;
DIKAIO$ GAR 'EI*, "WSPER 'HRXW PARRHSIAZESQAI PRO$ 'EME,
DIATELEIN0 "A NOEI$ LEGWN; KAI NU*N 'EU KAI GENNAIW$ 'EIPE=.
KAL _ LEGW0 TOINUN "OTI4 "W$ DIAKONHSONTA.
<P 521B>
SW _ KOLAKEUSONTA 'A=RA ME, 'W* GENNAIOTATE, PARAKALEI$0.
KAL _ 'EI SOI4 MUSON GE "HDION KALEIN0, 'W* SWKRATE$; "W$
'EI MH TAUTA GE POIHSEI$ %
SW _ MH 'EIPHI$ "O= POLLAKI$ 'EIRHKA$, "OTI4 'APOKTENEI2 ME
"O BOULOMENO$, "INA MH 'AU KAI 'EGW 'EIPW4, "OTI4 PONHRO$ GE
'WN 'AGAQON 'ONTA; MHD' "OTI4 'AFAIRHSETAI 'EA=N TI 'ECW3, "INA
MH 'AU 'EGW 'EIPW4 "OTI4 'ALL' 'AFELOMENO$ 'OUC "EXEI2 "OTI2 CRHSETAI
'AUTOI$, 'ALL' "WSPER ME 'ADIKW$ 'AFEILETO, "OUTW$ KAI
<P 521C>
LABWN 'ADIKW$ CRHSETAI, 'EI DE 'ADIKW$, 'AISCRW$, 'EI DE
'AISCRW$, KAKW$.
KAL _ "W$ MOI DOKEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$, PISTEUEIN MHD' 'AN4
"EN TOUTWN PAQEIN, "W$ 'OIKWN 'EKPODWN KAI 'OUK 'AN4 'EISACQEI$
'EI$ DIKASTHRION "UPO PANU 'ISW$ MOCQHROU 'ANQRWPOU KAI
FAULOU.
SW _ 'ANOHTO$ 'A=RA 'EIMI, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, "W$ 'ALHQW$, 'EI MH
'OIOMAI 'EN THIDE THI POLEI "ONTINOUN 'AN4 "OTI2 TUCOI, TOUTO PAQEIN.
TODE MENTOI 'EU 'OID' "OTI4, 'EANPER 'EISIW3 'EI$ DIKASTHRION PERI=
<P 521D>
TOUTWN TINO$ KINDUNEUWN, "O= SU LEGEI$, PONHRO$ TI$ M' 'ESTAI
"O 'EISAGWN % 'OUDEI$ GAR 'AN4 CRHSTO$ MH 'ADIKOUNT' 'ANQRWPON
'EISAGAGOI % KAI 'OUDEN GE 'ATOPON 'EI 'APOQANOIMI. BOULEI SOI4
'EIPW4 DI' "OTI2 TAUTA PROSDOKW0:
KAL _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'OIMAI MET' 'OLIGWN 'AQHNAIWN, "INA MH 'EIPW4 MONO$,
'EPICEIREIN THI "W$ 'ALHQW$ POLITIKHI TECNHI KAI PRATTEIN TA
POLITIKA MONO$ TWN NU*N; "ATE 'OUN 'OU PRO$ CARIN LEGWN TOU$
LOGOU$ "OU$ LEGW0 "EKASTOTE, 'ALLA= PRO$ TO BELTISTON, 'OU PRO$
<P 521E>
TO "HDISTON, KAI 'OUK 'EQELWN POIEIN "A SU PARAINEI$, TA1 KOMYA1
TAUTA1, 'OUC "EXW2 "OTI2 LEGW3 'EN TW*I DIKASTHRIWI. "O 'AUTOS DE
MOI "HKEI0 LOGO$ "ONPER PRO$ PWLON 'ELEGON; KRINOUMAI2 GAR
"W$ 'EN PAIDIOI$ 'IATRO$ 'AN4 KRINOITO0 KATHGOROUNTO$ 'OYOPOIOU.
SKOPEI5 GAR, TI= 'AN4 'APOLOGOITO "O TOIOUTO$ 'ANQRWPO$ 'EN TOUTOI$
LHFQEI$, 'EI 'AUTOU4 KATHGOROI TI$ LEGWN "OTI4 'W* PAIDE$,
POLLA "UMA$ KAI KAKA "ODE 'EIRGASTAI 'ANHR KAI 'AUTOU$, KAI
TOU$ NEWTATOU$ "UMWN DIAFQEIREI0 TEMNWN TE-KAI KAWN, KAI


<P 522A>
'ISCNAINWN KAI PNIGWN 'APOREIN POIEI0, PIKROTATA PWMATA
DIDOU$ KAI PEINHN KAI DIYHN 'ANAGKAZWN, 'OUC "WSPER 'EGW
POLLA KAI "HDEA KAI PANTODAPA 'HUWCOUN "UMA$; TI= 'AN4 'OIEI
'EN TOUTWI TW*I KAKWI 'APOLHFQENTA 'IATRON 'ECEIN 'EIPEIN: 'H= 'EI
'EIPOI THN 'ALHQEIAN, "OTI4 TAUTA PANTA 'EGW 'EPOIOUN, 'W*
PAIDE$, "UGIEINW$, PO=SON TI 'OIEI 'AN4 'ANABOHSAI0 TOU$ TOIOUTOU$
DIKASTA$: 'OU MEGA:
KAL _ 'ISW$. SW _ 'OIESQAI GE CRH.
'OU=KOUN 'OIEI 'EN PASHI 'APORIA\ 'AN4 'AUTON 'ECESQAI "OTI2
<P 522B>
CRH 'EIPEIN:
KAL _ PANU GE.
SW _ TOIOUTON MENTOI-KAI 'EGW 'OIDA "OTI4 PAQO$ PAQOIMI 'AN4
'EISELQWN 'EI$ DIKASTHRION. 'OUTE-GAR "HDONA$ "A$ 'EKPEPORIKA
"EXW2 'AUTOI$ LEGEIN, "A$ "OUTOI 'EUERGESIA$ KAI 'WFELIA$ NOMIZOUSIN0,
'EGW DE-'OUTE TOU$ PORIZONTA$ ZHLW0 'OUTE "OI$ PORIZETAI;
'EA=N TE TI$ ME 'H= NEWTEROU$ FHI5 DIAFQEIREIN 'APOREIN POIOUNTA,
'H= TOU$ PRESBUTEROU$ KAKHGOREIN LEGONTA PIKROU$ LOGOU$ 'H=
'IDIA\ 'H= DHMOSIA\, 'OUTE TO 'ALHQE$ "EXW2 'EIPEIN, "OTI4 DIKAIW$
<P 522C>
PANTA TAUTA 'EGW LEGW0 KAI PRATTW0 % TO "UMETERON DH TOUTO %
'W* 'ANDRE$ DIKASTAI, 'OUTE 'ALLO 'OUDEN; "WSTE 'ISW$, "OTI2 'AN4
TUCW4, TOUTO PEISOMAI.
KAL _ DOKEI0 'OUN SOI4, 'W* SWKRATE$, KALW$ 'ECEIN 'ANQRWPO$
'EN POLEI "OUTW$ DIAKEIMENO$ KAI 'ADUNATO$ 'WN "EAUTWI
BOHQEIN:
SW _ 'EI 'EKEINO GE "EN 'AUTWI "UPARCOI, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, "O= SU
POLLAKI$ "WMOLOGHSA$; 'EI BEBOHQHKW$-'EIH "AUTWI, MHTE PERI=
<P 522D>
'ANQRWPOU$ MHTE PERI= QEOU$ 'ADIKON MHDEN MHTE 'EIRHKW$ MHTE
'EIRGASMENO$. "AU=TH GAR TH$ BOHQEIA$ "EAUTWI POLLAKI$ "HMIN
"WMOLO=GHTAI KRATISTH 'EINAI. 'EI MEN-'OUN 'EME TI$ 'EXELEGCOI
TAUTHN THN BOHQEIAN 'ADUNATON 'ONTA 'EMAUTWI KAI 'ALLWI BOHQEIN,
'AISCUNOIMHN0 'AN4 KAI 'EN POLLOI$ KAI 'EN 'OLIGOI$ 'EXELEGCOMENO$
KAI MONO$ "UPO MONOU, KAI 'EI DIA= TAUTHN THN 'ADUNAMIAN 'APOQNHISKOIMI
'AGANAKTOIHN 'AN4; 'EI DE KOLAKIKH$ "RHTORIKH$ 'ENDEIA\
TELEUTWIHN 'EGWGE, 'EU 'OIDA "OTI4 "RA\DIW$ 'IDOI$ 'AN4 ME FERONTA
<P 522E>
TON QANATON. 'AUTO MEN-GAR TO 'APOQNHISKEIN 'OUDEI$ FOBEITAI,
"OSTI$ MH PANTAPASIN 'ALOGISTO$ TE-KAI 'ANANDRO$ 'ESTIN, TO
DE 'ADIKEIN FOBEITAI; POLLWN GAR 'ADIKHMATWN GEMONTA THN
YUCHN 'EI$ "AIDOU 'AFIKESQAI PANTWN 'ESCATON KAKWN 'ESTIN.
'EI DE BOULEI, SOI4 'EGW, "W$ TOUTO "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, 'EQELW0 LOGON
LEXAI0.
KAL _ 'ALL' 'EPEIPER GE-KAI 'TALLA 'EPERANA$, KAI TOUTO
PERANON2.


<P 523A>
SW _ 'AKOUE DH, FASI0, MALA KALOU LOGOU, "ON SU MEN
"HGHSHI2 MUQON, "W$ 'EGW 'OIMAI, 'EGW DE LOGON; "W$ 'ALHQH GAR
'ONTA SOI4 LEXW2 "A MELLW0 LEGEIN. "WSPER GAR "OMHRO$ LEGEI0,
DIENEIMANTO THN 'ARCHN "O ZEU$ KAI "O POSEIDWN KAI "O PLOUTWN,
'EPEIDH PARA TOU* PATRO$ PARELABON. 'H*N 'OUN NOMO$ "ODE PERI=
'ANQRWPWN 'EPI KRONOU, KAI 'AEI KAI NU*N 'ETI 'ESTIN 'EN QEOI$,
TWN 'ANQRWPWN TON MEN DIKAIW$ TON BION DIELQONTA KAI
<P 523B>
"OSIW$, 'EPEIDAN TELEUTHSHI6, 'EI$ MAKARWN NHSOU$ 'APIONTA 'OIKEIN
'EN PASHI 'EUDAIMONIA\ 'EKTO$ KAKWN, TON DE 'ADIKW$ KAI 'AQEW$
'EI$ TO TH$ TISEW$ TE-KAI DIKH$ DESMWTHRION, "O= DH TARTARON
KALOUSIN0, 'IENAI. TOUTWN DE DIKASTAI 'EPI KRONOU KAI 'ETI
NEWSTI TOU* DIO$ THN 'ARCHN 'ECONTO$ ZWNTE$ 'HSAN ZWNTWN0,
'EKEINHI THI "HMERA\ DIKAZONTE$ "HI MELLOIEN TELEUTAN; KAKW$ 'OUN
"AI DIKAI 'EKRINONTO. "O TE-'OUN PLOUTWN KAI "OI 'EPIMELHTAI "OI
'EK MAKARWN NHSWN 'IONTE$ 'ELEGON PRO$ TON DI=A "OTI4 FOITWIEN
<P 523C>
SFISIN 'ANQRWPOI "EKATERWSE 'ANAXIOI. 'EI*PEN 'OUN "O ZEU$; 'ALL'
'EGW, 'EFH, PAUSW2 TOUTO GIGNOMENON. NU*N MEN-GAR KAKW$
"AI DIKAI DIKAZONTAI. 'AMPECOMENOI GAR, 'EFH, "OI KRINOMENOI
KRINONTAI; ZWNTE$ GAR KRINONTAI. POLLOI 'OUN, 'H*-D'-"O$,
YUCA$ PONHRA$ 'ECONTE$ 'HMFIESMENOI-'EISI SWMATA TE KALA
KAI GENH KAI PLOUTOU$, KAI, 'EPEIDAN "H KRISI$ 'HI, 'ERCONTAI
'AUTOI$ POLLOI MARTURE$, MARTURHSONTE$ "W$ DIKAIW$ BEBIWKASIN;
<P 523D>
"OI 'OUN DIKASTAI "UPO TE TOUTWN 'EKPLHTTONTAI, KAI
"AMA KAI 'AUTOI 'AMPECOMENOI DIKAZOUSI0, PRO TH$ YUCH$ TH$
"AUTWN 'OFQALMOU$ KAI 'WTA KAI "OLON TO SWMA PROKEKALUMMENOI.
TAUTA DH 'AUTOI$ PANTA 'EPIPROSQEN GIGNETAI, KAI TA
"AUTWN 'AMFIESMATA KAI TA TWN KRINOMENWN. PRWTON MEN-'OUN,
'EFH, PAUSTEON 'ESTIN PROEIDOTA$ 'AUTOU$ TON QANATON;
NU*N GAR PROISASI. TOUTO MEN-'OUN-KAI-DH 'EIRHTAI TW*I PROMHQEI
<P 523E>
"OPW$ 'AN4 PAUSHI6 'AUTWN. 'EPEITA GUMNOU$ KRITEON
"APANTWN TOUTWN; TEQNEWTA$ GAR DEI KRINESQAI. KAI TON
KRITHN DEI GUMNON 'EINAI, TEQNEWTA, 'AUTHI THI YUCHI 'AUTHN THN
YUCHN QEWROUNTA 'EXAIFNH$ 'APOQANONTO$ "EKASTOU, 'ERHMON
PANTWN TWN SUGGENWN KAI KATALIPONTA 'EPI TH$ GH$ PANTA
'EKEINON TON KOSMON, "INA DIKAI=A "H KRISI$ 'HI. 'EGW MEN-'OUN
TAUTA 'EGNWKW$ PROTERO$ 'H= "UMEI$ 'EPOIHSAMHN DIKASTA$ "UEI$
'EMAUTOU, DUO MEN 'EK TH$ 'ASIA$, MINW TE-KAI "RADAMANQUN,


<P 524A>
"ENA DE 'EK TH$ 'EURWPH$, 'AIAKON; "OUTOI 'OUN 'EPEIDAN TELEUTHSWSI,
DIKASOUSIN2 'EN TW*I LEIMWNI, 'EN THI TRIODWI 'EX "H$
FERETON0 TW "ODW, "H MEN 'EI$ MAKARWN NHSOU$, "H D' 'EI$ TARTARON.
KAI TOU$ MEN 'EK TH$ 'ASIA$ "RADAMANQU$ KRINEI2, TOU$
DE 'EK TH$ 'EURWPH$ 'AIAKO$; MINWI DE PRESBEIA DWSW2 'EPIDIAKRINEIN0,
'EA=N 'APORHTON TI TW "ETERW, "INA "W$ DIKAIOTATH "H KRISI$
'HI PERI= TH$ POREIA$ TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$.
TAUT' 'ESTIN, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, "A 'EGW 'AKHKOW$ PISTEUW0
<P 524B>
'ALHQH 'EINAI; KAI 'EK TOUTWN TWN LOGWN TOIONDE TI LOGIZOMAI
SUMBAINEIN. "O QANATO$ TUGCANEI0 'WN, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0, 'OUDEN
'ALLO 'H= DUOIN PRAGMATOIN DIALUSI$, TH$ YUCH$ KAI TOU*
SWMATO$, 'AP' 'ALLHLOIN; 'EPEIDAN DE DIALUQHTON0 'A=RA 'AP'
'ALLHLOIN, 'OU POLU "HTTON "EKATERON 'AUTOIN 'ECEI0 THN "EXIN THN
"AUTOU "HNPER KAI "OTE 'EZH "O 'ANQRWPO$, TO TE SWMA THN FUSIN
THN "AUTOU KAI TA QERAPEUMATA KAI TA PAQHMATA 'ENDHLA
<P 524C>
PANTA. "OION 'EI TINO$ MEGA 'H*N TO SWMA FUSEI 'H= TROFHI 'H=
'AMFO=TERA ZWNTO$ TOUTOU KAI 'EPEIDAN 'APOQANHI6 "O NEKRO$
MEGA$, KAI 'EI PACU, PACU$ KAI 'APOQANONTO$, KAI 'TALLA
"OUTW$; KAI 'EI 'AU 'EPETHDEUE KOMAN, KOMHTH$ TOUTOU KAI "O
NEKRO$. MASTIGIA$ 'AU 'EI TI$ 'H*N KAI 'ICNH 'EICE TWN PLHGWN
'OULA$ 'EN TW*I SWMATI 'H= "UPO MASTIGWN 'H= 'ALLWN TRAUMATWN
ZWN, KAI TEQNEWTO$ TO SWMA 'ESTIN2 'IDEIN TAUTA 'ECON; 'H=
KATEAGOTA 'EI TOU 'H*N MELH 'H= DIESTRAMMENA ZWNTO$, KAI
<P 524D>
TEQNEWTO$ 'TAUTA TAUTA 'ENDHLA. "ENI DE LOGWI, "OIO$ 'EINAI
PARESKEUASTO TO SWMA ZWN, 'ENDHLA TAUTA KAI TELEUTHSANTO$
'H= PANTA 'H= TA POLLA 'EPI TINA CRONON. 'TAUTON DH MOI DOKEI0
TOUT' 'A=RA-KAI PERI= THN YUCHN 'EINAI, 'W* KALLIKLEI$; 'ENDHLA
PANTA 'ESTIN 'EN THI YUCHI, 'EPEIDAN GUMNWQHI TOU* SWMATO$, TA
TE TH$ FUSEW$ KAI TA PAQHMATA "A DIA= THN 'EPITHDEUSIN
"EKASTOU PRAGMATO$ 'ESCEN 'EN THI YUCHI "O 'ANQRWPO$. 'EPEIDAN
'OUN 'AFIKWNTAI PARA TON DIKASTHN, "OI MEN 'EK TH$ 'ASIA$
<P 524E>
PARA TON "RADAMANQUN, "O "RADAMANQU$ 'EKEINOU$ 'EPISTHSA$
QEATAI0 "EKASTOU THN YUCHN, 'OUK 'EIDW$ "OTOU 'ESTIN, 'ALLA=
POLLAKI$ TOU* MEGALOU BASILEW$ 'EPILABOMENO$ 'H= 'ALLOU
"OTOUOUN BASILEW$ 'H= DUNASTOU KATEIDEN 'OUDEN "UGIE$ 'ON TH$
YUCH$, 'ALLA= DIAMEMASTIGWMENHN KAI 'OULWN MESTHN "UPO


<P 525A>
'EPIORKIWN KAI 'ADIKIA$, "A "EKASTH "H PRAXI$ 'AUTOU4 'EXWMORXATO
'EI$ THN YUCHN, KAI PANTA SKOLIA "UPO YEUDOU$ KAI 'ALAZONEIA$
KAI 'OUDEN 'EUQU DIA= TO 'ANEU 'ALHQEIA$ TEQRAFQAI; KAI
"UPO 'EXOUSIA$ KAI TRUFH$ KAI "UBREW$ KAI 'AKRATEIA$ TWN
PRAXEWN 'ASUMMETRIA$ TE-KAI 'AISCROTHTO$ GEMOUSAN THN
YUCHN 'EIDEN; 'IDWN DE 'ATIMW$ TAUTHN 'APEPEMYEN 'EUQU TH$
FROURA$, "OI*4 MELLEI0 'ELQOUSA 'ANATLHNAI0 TA PROSHKONTA PAQH.
<P 525B>
PROSHKEI0 DE PANTI TW*I 'EN TIMWRIA\ 'ONTI, "UP' 'ALLOU 'ORQW$
TIMWROUMENWI, 'H= BELTIONI GIGNESQAI KAI 'ONINASQAI 'H= PARADEIGMATI
TOI$ 'ALLOI$ GIGNESQAI, "INA 'ALLOI "ORWNTE$ PASCONTA
"A 'AN4 PASCHI5 FOBOUMENOI BELTIOU$ GIGNWNTAI. 'EISIN DE "OI
MEN 'WFELOUMENOI TE-KAI DIKHN DIDONTE$ "UPO QEWN TE-KAI
'ANQRWPWN "OUTOI "OI=4 'AN4 'IASIMA "AMARTHMATA "AMARTWSIN; "OMW$
DE DI' 'ALGHDONWN KAI 'ODUNWN GIGNETAI 'AUTOI$ "H 'WFELIA KAI
'ENQADE KAI 'EN "AIDOU; 'OU-GAR "OION-TE 'ALLW$ 'ADIKIA$ 'APALLATTESQAI.
<P 525C>
"OI=4 D' 'AN4 TA 'ESCATA 'ADIKHSWSI KAI DIA= TA
TOIAUTA 'ADIKHMATA 'ANIATOI GENWNTAI, 'EK TOUTWN TA PARADEIGMATA
GIGNETAI, KAI "OUTOI 'AUTOI MEN 'OUKETI 'ONINANTAI
'OUDEN, "ATE 'ANIATOI 'ONTE$, 'ALLOI DE 'ONINANTAI "OI TOUTOU$
"ORWNTE$ DIA= TA$ "AMARTIA$ TA MEGISTA KAI 'ODUNHROTATA KAI
FOBERWTATA PAQH PASCONTA$ TON 'AEI CRONON, 'ATECNW$ PARADEIGMATA
'ANHRTHMENOU$ 'EKEI 'EN "AIDOU 'EN TW*I DESMWTHRIWI,
TOI$ 'AEI TWN 'ADIKWN 'AFIKNOUMENOI$ QEAMATA KAI NOUQETHMATA.
<P 525D>
"WN 'EGW FHMI "ENA KAI 'ARCELAON 'ESESQAI, 'EI 'ALHQH LEGEI0
PWLO$, KAI 'ALLON "OSTI$ 'AN4 TOIOUTO$ TURANNO$ 'HI; 'OIMAI DE-KAI
TOU$ POLLOU$ 'EINAI TOUTWN TWN PARADEIGMATWN 'EK
TURANNWN KAI BASILEWN KAI DUNASTWN KAI TA TWN POLEWN
PRAXANTWN0 GEGONOTA$; "OUTOI GAR DIA= THN 'EXOUSIAN MEGISTA KAI
'ANOSIWTATA "AMARTHMATA "AMARTANOUSI0. MARTUREI0 DE TOUTOI$
KAI "OMHRO$; BASILEA$ GAR-KAI DUNASTA$ 'EKEINO$ PEPOIHKEN0
<P 525E>
TOU$ 'EN "AIDOU TON 'AEI CRONON TIMWROUMENOU$, TANTALON KAI
SISUFON KAI TITUON; QERSITHN DE, KAI 'EI TI$ 'ALLO$ PONHRO$
'H*N 'IDIWTH$, 'OUDEI$ PEPOIHKEN0 MEGALAI$ TIMWRIAI$ SUNECOMENON
"W$ 'ANIATON % 'OU-GAR 'OIMAI 'EXHN 'AUTWI; DIO KAI 'EUDAIMONESTERO$
'H*N 'H= "OI$ 'EXHN % 'ALLA=-GAR, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, 'EK TWN


<P 526A>
DUNAMENWN 'EISI KAI "OI SFO=DRA PONHROI GIGNOMENOI 'ANQRWPOI;
'OUDEN MHN KWLUEI KAI 'EN TOUTOI$ 'AGAQOU$ 'ANDRA$ 'EGGIGNESQAI,
KAI SFO=DRA GE 'AXION 'AGASQAI TWN GIGNOMENWN; CALEPON GAR,
'W* KALLIKLEI$, KAI POLLOU 'EPAINOU 'AXION 'EN MEGALHI 'EXOUSIA\
TOU* 'ADIKEIN GENOMENON DIKAIW$ DIABIWNAI0. 'OLIGOI DE GIGNONTAI
"OI TOIOUTOI; 'EPEI KAI 'ENQADE KAI 'ALLOQI GEGONASIN, 'OIMAI DE-KAI
'ESONTAI, KALOI 'KAGAQOI TAUTHN THN 'ARETHN THN TOU* DIKAIW$
<P 526B>
DIACEIRIZEIN "A 'AN4 TI$ 'EPITREPHI5, "EI$ DE-KAI PANU 'ELLOGIMO$
GEGONEN0 KAI 'EI$ TOU$ 'ALLOU$ "ELLHNA$, 'ARISTEIDH$ "O LUSIMACOU;
"OI DE POLLOI, 'W* 'ARISTE, KAKOI GIGNONTAI TWN DUNASTWN.
"OPER 'OUN 'ELEGON, 'EPEIDAN "O "RADAMANQU$ 'EKEINO$
TOIOUTON TINA LABHI6, 'ALLO MEN PERI= 'AUTOU4 'OUK 'OIDEN 'OUDEN,
'OUQ' "OSTI$ 'OUQ' "WNTINWN, "OTI4 DE PONHRO$ TI$; KAI TOUTO
KATIDWN 'APEPEMYEN 'EI$ TARTARON, 'EPISHMHNAMENO$, 'EANTE
'IASIMO$ 'EANTE 'ANIATO$ DOKHI5 'EINAI; "O DE 'EKEISE 'AFIKOMENO$
<P 526C>
TA PROSHKONTA PASCEI0. 'ENIOTE D' 'ALLHN 'EISIDWN "OSIW$
BEBIWKUIAN KAI MET' 'ALHQEIA$, 'ANDRO$ 'IDIWTOU 'H= 'ALLOU TINO$,
MALISTA MEN, 'EGWGE FHMI, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, FILOSOFOU TA
"AUTOU PRAXANTO$ KAI 'OU POLUPRAGMONHSANTO$ 'EN TW*I BIWI,
'HGASQH TE-KAI 'E$ MAKARWN NHSOU$ 'APEPEMYE. 'TAUTA DE
TAUTA KAI "O 'AIAKO$, "EKATERO$ TOUTWN "RABDON 'ECWN DIKAZEI80;
"O DE MINW$ 'EPISKOPWN KA=QHTAI, MONO$ 'ECWN CRUSOUN
<P 526D>
SKHPTRON, "W$ FHSIN 'ODUSSEU$ "O "OMHROU 'IDEIN 'AUTON %
CRUSEON9 SKHPTRON9 'ECONTA9, QEMISTEUONTA9 NEKUSSIN9.
'EGW MEN-'OUN, 'W* KALLIKLEI$, "UPO TOUTWN TWN LOGWN
PEPEISMAI, KAI SKOPW0 "OPW$ 'APOFANOUMAI TW*I KRITHI "W$ "UGIESTATHN
THN YUCHN; CAIREIN 'OUN 'EASA$ TA$ TIMA$ TA$ TWN
POLLWN 'ANQRWPWN, THN 'ALHQEIAN 'ASKWN PEIRASOMAI TW*I-'ONTI
"W$ 'AN4 DUNWMAI BELTISTO$ 'WN KAI ZHN KAI 'EPEIDAN 'APOQNHISKW3
<P 526E>
'APOQNHISKEIN. PARAKALW0 DE-KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ PANTA$ 'ANQRWPOU$,
KAQ' "OSON DUNAMAI, KAI-DH-KAI SE 'ANTIPARAKALW0 'EPI
TOUTON TON BION KAI TON 'AGWNA TOUTON, "ON 'EGW FHMI 'ANTI
PANTWN TWN 'ENQADE 'AGWNWN 'EINAI, KAI 'ONEIDIZW0 SOI4 "OTI4 'OUC
"OIO$-T'-'ESHI2 SAUTWI BOHQHSAI0, "OTAN "H DIKH SOI4 'HI KAI "H KRISI$
"HN NUNDH 'EGW 'ELEGON, 'ALLA= 'ELQWN PARA TON DIKASTHN 'EKEINON,


<P 527A>
TON TH$ 'AIGINH$ "UON, 'EPEIDAN SOU4 'EPILABOMENO$ 'EKEINO$ 'AGHI5,
CASMHSHI2 KAI 'ILIGGIASEI$ 'OUDEN "HTTON 'H= 'EGW 'ENQADE SU
'EKEI, KAI SE 'ISW$ TUPTHSEI2 TI$ KAI8 'EPI KORRH$ 'ATIMW$ KAI
PANTW$ PROPHLAKIEI2.
TACA D'-'OUN TAUTA MUQO$ SOI4 DOKEI0 LEGESQAI "WSPER GRAO$
KAI KATAFRONEI$ 'AUTWN, KAI 'OUDEN G' 'AN4 'H*N QAUMASTON KATAFRONEIN
TOUTWN, 'EI PHI ZHTOUNTE$ 'EICOMEN 'AUTWN BELTIW KAI
'ALHQE=STERA "EUREIN; NU*N DE "ORA*I$0 "OTI4 TREI$ 'ONTE$ "UMEI$, "OIPER
SOFWTATOI 'ESTE0 TWN NU*N "ELLHNWN, SU TE-KAI PWLO$ KAI
<P 527B>
GORGIA$, 'OUK 'ECETE0 'APODEIXAI0 "W$ DEI 'ALLON TINA BION ZHN
'H= TOUTON, "OSPER KAI 'EKEISE FAINETAI SUMFERWN. 'ALL' 'EN
TOSOUTOI$ LOGOI$ TWN 'ALLWN 'ELEGCOMENWN MONO$ "OUTO$
'HREMEI0 "O LOGO$, "W$ 'EULABHTEON 'ESTIN TO 'ADIKEIN MALLON 'H=
TO 'ADIKEISQAI, KAI PANTO$ MALLON 'ANDRI MELETHTEON 'OU TO
DOKEIN 'EINAI 'AGAQON 'ALLA= TO 'EINAI, KAI 'IDIA\ KAI DHMOSIA\.
'EA=N DE TI$ KATA TI KAKO$ GIGNHTAI, KOLASTEO$ 'ESTI, KAI TOUTO
DEUTERON 'AGAQON META TO 'EINAI DIKAION, TO GIGNESQAI KAI
<P 527C>
KOLAZOMENON DIDONAI DIKHN; KAI PASAN KOLAKEIAN KAI THN
PERI= "EAUTON KAI THN PERI= TOU$ 'ALLOU$, KAI PERI= 'OLIGOU$
KAI PERI= POLLOU$, FEUKTEON; KAI THI "RHTORIKHI "OUTW CRHSTEON,
'EPI TO DIKAION 'AEI, KAI THI 'ALLHI PASHI PRAXEI. 'EMOI4 'OUN
PEIQOMENO$ 'AKOLOUQHSON2 'ENTAUQA, "OI*4 'AFIKOMENO$ 'EUDAIMONHSEI$
KAI ZWN KAI TELEUTHSA$, "W$ "O LOGO$ SHMAINEI0. KAI
'EASON2 TINA SOU4 KATAFRONHSAI0 "W$ 'ANOHTOU KAI PROPHLAKISAI0,
'EA=N BOULHTAI, KAI NAI MA DI=A SU GE QARRWN PATAXAI0 THN
<P 527D>
'ATIMON TAUTHN PLHGHN; 'OUDEN GAR DEINON PEISHI2, 'EA=N TW*I-'ONTI
'HI$ KALO$ 'KAGAQO$ 'ASKWN 'ARETHN. 'KAPEITA "OUTW KOINHI
'ASKHSANTE$, TO=TE 'HDH, 'EA=N DOKHI5 CRHNAI0, 'EPIQHSOMEQA TOI$
POLITIKOI$, 'H= "OPOION 'AN4 TI "HMIN DOKHI5, TO=TE BOULEUSOMEQA,
BELTIOU$ 'ONTE$ BOULEUESQAI 'H= NU*N. 'AISCRON GAR 'ECONTA$
GE "W$ NU*N FAINOMEQA 'ECEIN, 'EPEITA NEANIEUESQAI "W$ TI 'ONTA$,
"OI$ 'OUDEPOTE 'TAUTA DOKEI0 PERI= TWN 'AUTWN, KAI TAUTA PERI=
<P 527E>
TWN MEGISTWN; 'EI$ TOSOUTON "HKOMEN 'APAIDEUSIA$. "WSPER
'OUN "HGEMONI TW*I LOGWI CRHSWMEQA TW*I NU*N PARAFANENTI, "O$4
"HMIN SHMAINEI0 "OTI4 "OUTO$ "O TROPO$ 'ARISTO$ TOU* BIOU, KAI THN
DIKAIOSUNHN KAI THN 'ALLHN 'ARETHN 'ASKOUNTA$ KAI ZHN KAI
TEQNANAI. TOUTWI 'OUN "EPWMEQA, KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ PARAKALWMEN,
MH 'EKEINWI, "WI SU PISTEUWN 'EME PARAKALEI$0; 'ESTI GAR
'OUDENO$ 'AXIO$ 'W* KALLIKLEI$.


<B IPPM>


<P 281A>
SW _ "IPPIA$ "O KALO$ TE-KAI SOFO$; "W$ DIA= CRONOU "HMIN
KATHRA$ 'EI$ TA$ 'AQHNA$.
IP _ 'OU-GAR SCOLH, 'W* SWKRATE$. "H GAR 'HLI$ "OTAN TI
DEHTAI DIAPRAXASQAI PRO$ TINA TWN POLEWN, 'AEI 'EPI PRWTON
'EME 'ERCETAI TWN POLITWN "AIROUMENH PRESBEUTHN, "HGOUMENH
DIKASTHN KAI 'AGGELON "IKANWTATON 'EINAI TWN LOGWN "OI= 'AN4
<P 281B>
PARA TWN POLEWN "EKASTWN LEGWNTAI. POLLAKI$ MEN-'OUN-KAI
'EI$ 'ALLA$ POLEI$ 'EPRESBEUSA, PLEISTA DE-KAI PERI=
PLEISTWN KAI MEGISTWN 'EI$ THN LAKEDAIMONA; DIO DH, "O= SU
'ERWTA*I$0, 'OU QAMIZW0 'EI$ TOUSDE TOU$ TOPOU$.
SW _ TOIOUTON MENTOI, 'W* "IPPIA, 'ESTI TO THI 'ALHQEIA\
SOFON TE-KAI TELEION 'ANDRA 'EINAI. SU GAR-KAI 'IDIA\ "IKANO$
'EI* PARA TWN NEWN POLLA CRHMATA LAMBANWN 'ETI PLEIW
<P 281C>
'WFELEIN "WN LAMBANEI$, KAI 'AU DHMOSIA\ THN SAUTOU POLIN
"IKANO$ 'EUERGETEIN, "WSPER CRH TON MELLONTA MH KATAFRONHSESQAI
'ALL' 'EUDOKIMHSEIN 'EN TOI$ POLLOI$. 'ATAR, 'W* "IPPIA,
TI= POTE TO 'AITION "OTI4 "OI PALAIOI 'EKEINOI, "WN 'ONOMATA MEGALA
LEGETAI 'EPI SOFIA\ PITTAKOU TE-KAI BIANTO$ KAI TWN 'AMFI
TON MILHSION QALHN KAI 'ETI TWN "USTERON MECRI 'ANAXAGOROU,
"W$ 'H= PANTE$ 'H= "OI POLLOI 'AUTWN FAINONTAI 'APECOMENOI TWN
POLITIKWN PRAXEWN:
IP _ TI= D' 'OIEI, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALLO GE 'H= 'ADUNATOI 'HSAN
<P 281D>
KAI 'OUC "IKANOI 'EXIKNEISQAI FRONHSEI 'EP' 'AMFO=TERA, TA TE
KOINA KAI TA 'I=DIA:
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN PRO$ DIO$, "WSPER "AI 'ALLAI TECNAI 'EPIDEDWKASI
KAI 'EISI PARA TOU$ NU*N DHMIOURGOU$ "OI PALAIOI
FAULOI, "OUTW KAI THN "UMETERAN THN TWN SOFISTWN TECNHN
'EPIDEDWKENAI FWMEN KAI 'EINAI TWN 'ARCAIWN TOU$ PERI= THN
SOFIAN FAULOU$ PRO$ "UMA$:
IP _ PANU MEN-'OUN 'ORQW$ LEGEI$.
SW _ 'EI 'A=RA NU*N "HMIN, 'W* "IPPIA, "O BIA$ 'ANABIOIH, GELWT'


<P 282A>
'AN4 'OFLOI PRO$ "UMA$, "WSPER KAI TON DAIDALON FASIN0 "OI
'ANDRIANTOPOIOI, NU*N 'EI GENOMENO$ TOIAUT' 'ERGAZOITO "OI*A 'H*N
'AF' "WN 'TOUNOM' 'ESCEN KATAGELASTON 'AN4 'EINAI.
IP _ 'ESTI MEN TAUTA, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OUTW$ "W$ SU LEGEI$;
'EIWQA MENTOI 'EGWGE TOU$ PALAIOU$ TE-KAI PROTEROU$ "HMWN
PROTEROU$ TE-KAI MALLON 'EGKWMIAZEIN 'H= TOU$ NU*N, 'EULABOUMENO$
MEN FQONON TWN ZWNTWN0, FOBOUMENO$ DE MHNIN TWN
TETELEUTHKOTWN.
<P 282B>
SW _ KALW$ GE SU, 'W* "IPPIA, 'ONOMAZWN TE-KAI DIANOOUMENO$,
"W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI$. SUMMARTURHSAI0 DE SOI4 'ECW0 "OTI4 'ALHQH LEGEI$,
KAI TW*I-'ONTI "UMWN 'EPIDEDWKEN0 "H TECNH PRO$ TO KAI TA DHMO=SIA
PRATTEIN DUNASQAI META TWN 'IDIWN. GORGIA$ TE-GAR "OUTO$
"O LEONTINO$ SOFISTH$ DEURO 'AFIKETO DHMOSIA\ 'OIKOQEN PRESBEUWN,
"W$ "IKANWTATO$ 'WN LEONTINWN TA KOINA PRATTEIN,
KAI 'EN TE TW*I DHMWI 'EDOXEN 'ARISTA 'EIPEIN, KAI 'IDIA\ 'EPIDEIXEI$
POIOUMENO$ KAI SUNWN TOI$ NEOI$ CRHMATA POLLA 'HRGASATO
<P 282C>
KAI 'ELABEN 'EK THSDE TH$ POLEW$; 'EI DE BOULEI, "O "HMETERO$
"ETAIRO$ PRODIKO$ "OUTO$ POLLAKI$ MEN-KAI 'ALLOTE DHMOSIA\
'AFIKETO, 'ATAR TA TELEUTAI*A 'ENAGCO$ 'AFIKOMENO$ DHMOSIA\ 'EK
KEW LEGWN T' 'EN THI BOULHI PANU 'HUDOKIMHSEN KAI 'IDIA\
'EPIDEIXEI$ POIOUMENO$ KAI TOI$ NEOI$ SUNWN CRHMATA 'ELABEN
QAUMASTA "OSA. TWN DE PALAIWN 'EKEINWN 'OUDEI$ PWPOTE
'HXIWSEN 'ARGURION MISQON PRAXASQAI 'OUD' 'EPIDEIXEI$ POIHSASQAI
<P 282D>
'EN PANTODAPOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ TH$ "EAUTOU SOFIA$; "OUTW$
'HSAN 'EUHQEI$ KAI 'ELELHQEI 'AUTOU$ 'ARGURION "W$ POLLOU
'AXION 'EIH. TOUTWN D' "EKATERO$ PLEON 'ARGURION 'APO SOFIA$
'EIRGASTAI 'H= 'ALLO$ DHMIOURGO$ 'AF' "HSTINO$ TECNH$; KAI 'ETI
PROTERO$ TOUTWN PRWTAGORA$.
IP _ 'OUDEN GAR, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OISQA TWN KALWN PERI= TOUTO.
'EI GAR 'EIDEIH$ "OSON 'ARGURION 'EIRGASMAI 'EGW, QAUMASAI$ 'AN4;
KAI TA MEN 'A=LLA 'EW0, 'AFIKOMENO$ DE POTE 'EI$ SIKELIAN, PRWTAGOROU
<P 282E>
'AUTOQI 'EPIDHMOUNTO$ KAI 'EUDOKIMOUNTO$ KAI PRESBUTEROU
'ONTO$ POLU NEWTERO$ 'WN 'EN 'OLIGWI CRONWI PANU PLEON 'H= PENTHKONTA
KAI "EKATON MNA$ 'HRGASAMHN, KAI 'EX "ENO$ GE CWRIOU
PANU SMIKROU, 'INUKOU, PLEON 'H= 'EIKOSI MNA$; KAI TOUTO 'ELQWN
'OIKADE FERWN TW*I PATRI 'EDWKA, "WSTE 'EKEINON KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$
POLITA$ QAUMAZEIN TE-KAI 'EKPEPLHCQAI. KAI SCEDON TI 'OIMAI
'EME PLEIW CRHMATA 'EIRGASQAI 'H= 'ALLOU$ SUNDUO "OUSTINA$
BOULEI TWN SOFISTWN.
SW _ KALON GE, 'W* "IPPIA, LEGEI$ KAI MEGA TEKMHRION


<P 283A>
SOFIA$ TH$ TE SEAUTOU KAI TWN NU*N 'ANQRWPWN PRO$
TOU$ 'ARCAIOU$ "OSON DIAFEROUSI0. TWN GAR PROTERWN PERI=8
'ANAXAGOROU8 LEGETAI8 POLLH 'AMAQIA KATA TON SON LOGON.
'TOUNANTION GAR 'ANAXAGORA\ FASI0 SUMBHNAI0 'H= "UMIN; KATALEIFQENTWN5
GAR 'AUTWI POLLWN CRHMATWN KATAMELHSAI0 KAI
'APOLESAI0 PANTA % "OUTW$ 'AUTON 'ANOHTA SOFIZESQAI % LEGOUSI0
DE-KAI PERI= 'ALLWN TWN PALAIWN "E=TERA TOIAUTA. TOUTO MEN-'OUN
MOI DOKEI$ KALON TEKMHRION 'APOFAINEIN PERI= SOFIA$ TWN
<P 283B>
NU*N PRO$ TOU$ PROTEROU$, KAI POLLOI$ SUNDOKEI0 "OTI4 TON SOFON
'AUTON "AUTWI MALISTA DEI SOFON 'EINAI; TOUTOU D' "ORO$ 'ESTIN
'A=RA, "O$ 'AN4 PLEISTON 'ARGURION 'ERGASHTAI. KAI TAUTA MEN
"IKANW$ 'ECETW; TODE DE MOI 'EIPE=, SU 'AUTO$ PO=QEN PLEISTON
'ARGURION 'HRGASW TWN POLEWN 'EI$ "A$ 'AFIKNHI0: 'H= DHLON "OTI4 'EK
LAKEDAIMONO$, "OI*PER4 KAI PLEISTAKI$ 'AFIXAI:
IP _ 'OU MA TON DI=A, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ PW*$ FH=I$: 'ALL' 'ELACISTON:
<P 283C>
IP _ 'OUDEN MEN-'OUN TO PARAPAN PWPOTE.
SW _ TERA$ LEGEI$ KAI QAUMASTON, 'W* "IPPIA. KAI MOI
'EIPE=; POTERON "H SOFIA "H SH 'OUC "OI=A TOU$ SUNONTA$ 'AUTHI
KAI MANQANONTA$ 'EI$ 'ARETHN BELTIOU$ POIEIN: IP _ KAI
POLU GE, 'W* SWKRATE$. SW _ 'ALLA= TOU$ MEN 'INUKINWN
"UEI$ "OIO$-TE-'HSQA 'AMEINOU$ POIHSAI0, TOU$ DE SPARTIATWN
'HDUNATEI$: IP _ POLLOU GE DEW0. SW _ 'ALLA=-DHTA SIKELIWTAI
MEN 'EPIQUMOUSIN0 'AMEINOU$ GIGNESQAI, LAKEDAIMONIOI
<P 283D>
D' 'OU=: IP _ PANTW$ GE-POU, 'W* SWKRATE$, KAI LAKEDAIMONIOI.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN CRHMATWN 'ENDEIA\ 'EFEUGON THN SHN
"OMILIAN: IP _ 'OU-DHTA 'EPEI "IKANA 'AUTOI$ 'ESTIN.
SW _ TI= DHT' 'AN4 'EIH "OTI4 'EPIQUMOUNTE$ KAI 'ECONTE$ CRHMATA,
KAI SOU4 DUNAMENOU TA MEGISTA 'AUTOU$ 'WFELEIN, 'OU
PLHRH SE 'ARGURIOU 'APEPEMYAN: 'ALL' 'EKEINO, MWN MH LAKEDAIMONIOI
SOU4 BELTION 'AN4 PAIDEUSEIAN TOU$ "AUTWN PAIDA$: 'H=
TOUTO FWMEN "OUTW, KAI SU SUGCWREI$:
<P 283E>
IP _ 'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN.
SW _ POTERON 'OUN TOU$ NEOU$ 'OUC "OIO$-T'-'HSQA PEIQEIN 'EN
LAKEDAIMONI "W$ SOI4 SUNONTE$ PLEON 'AN4 'EI$ 'ARETHN 'EPIDIDOIEN
'H= TOI$ "EAUTWN, 'H= TOU$ 'EKEINWN PATERA$ 'HDUNATEI$ PEIQEIN "OTI4
SOI4 CRH PARADIDONAI MALLON 'H= 'AUTOU$ 'EPIMELEISQAI, 'EIPER TI
TWN "UEWN KHDONTAI: 'OU-GAR-POU 'EFQONOUN GE TOI$ "EAUTWN
PAISIN "W$ BELTISTOI$ GENESQAI.
IP _ 'OUK 'OIMAI 'EGWGE FQONEIN.
SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN 'EUNOMO$ G' "H LAKEDAIMWN. IP _ PW*$ GAR


<P 284A>
'OU=: SW _ 'EN DE-GE TAI$ 'EUNOMOI$ POLESIN TIMIWTATON "H
'ARETH. IP _ PANU GE. SW _ SU DE TAUTHN PARADIDONAI
'ALLWI KALLIST' 'ANQRWPWN 'EPISTASAI. IP _ KAI POLU GE,
'W* SWKRATE$. SW _ "O 'OUN KALLIST' 'EPISTAMENO$ "IPPIKHN
PARADIDONAI 'A*R' 'OUK 'AN4 'EN QETTALIA\ TH$ "ELLADO$ MALISTA
TIMWITO KAI PLEISTA CRHMATA LAMBANOI, KAI 'ALLOQI "OPOU
TOUTO SPOUDAZOITO: IP _ 'EIKO$ GE. SW _ "O DH DUNAMENO$
PARADIDONAI TA PLEISTOU 'A=XIA MAQHMATA 'EI$ 'ARETHN 'OUK 'EN
<P 284B>
LAKEDAIMONI MALISTA TIMHSETAI KAI PLEISTA 'ERGASETAI CRHMATA,
'AN2 BOULHTAI, KAI 'EN 'ALLHI POLEI "HTI$ TWN "ELLHNIDWN
'EUNOMEITAI: 'ALL' 'EN SIKELIA\, 'W* "ETAIRE, 'OIEI MALLON KAI 'EN
'INUKWI: TAUTA PEIQWMEQA, 'W* "IPPIA: 'EA=N GAR SU KELEUHI$,
PEISTEON.
IP _ 'OU-GAR PATRION, 'W* SWKRATE$, LAKEDAIMONIOI$ KINEIN
TOU$ NOMOU$, 'OUDE PARA TA 'EIWQOTA PAIDEUEIN TOU$ "UEI$.
SW _ PW*$ LEGEI$: LAKEDAIMONIOI$ 'OU PATRION 'ORQW$
<P 284C>
PRATTEIN 'ALL' 'EXAMARTANEIN:
IP _ 'OUK 'AN4 FAIHN 'EGWGE, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'ORQW$ 'AN4 PRATTOIEN BELTION 'ALLA= MH CEIRON
PAIDEUONTE$ TOU$ NEOU$:
IP _ 'ORQW$; 'ALLA= XENIKHN PAIDEUSIN 'OU NOMIMON 'AUTOI$
PAIDEUEIN, 'EPEI 'EU 'ISQI, 'EIPER TI$ 'ALLO$ 'EKEIQEN CRHMATA
'ELABEN PWPOTE 'EPI PAIDEUSEI, KAI 'EME 'AN4 LABEIN POLU
MALISTA % CAIROUSI0 GOUN 'AKOUONTE$ 'EMOU4 KAI 'EPAINOUSIN0 %
'ALL', "O= LEGW0, 'OU NOMO$.
<P 284D>
SW _ NOMON DE LEGEI$, 'W* "IPPIA, BLABHN POLEW$ 'EINAI 'H=
'WFELIAN: IP _ TIQETAI MEN 'OIMAI 'WFELIA$ "ENEKA, 'ENIOTE DE-KAI
BLAPTEI0, 'EA=N KAKW$ TEQHI "O NOMO$. SW _ TI= DE: 'OUC
"W$ 'AGAQON MEGISTON POLEI TIQENTAI TON NOMON "OI TIQEMENOI:
KAI 'ANEU TOUTOU META 'EUNOMIA$ 'ADUNATON 'OIKEIN: IP _ 'ALHQH
LEGEI$. SW _ "OTAN 'A=RA 'AGAQOU "AMARTWSIN "OI 'EPICEIROUNTE$
TOU$ NOMOU$ TIQENAI, NOMIMOU TE-KAI NOMOU "HMARTHKASIN; 'H=
<P 284E>
PW*$ LEGEI$: IP _ TW*I MEN 'AKRIBEI LOGWI, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OUTW$
'ECEI0; 'OU-MENTOI 'EIWQASIN "ANQRWPOI 'ONOMAZEIN "OUTW. SW _
POTERON, 'W* "IPPIA, "OI 'EIDOTE$ 'H= "OI MH 'EIDOTE$: IP _ "OI
POLLOI. SW _ 'EISIN D' "OUTOI "OI 'EIDOTE$ 'TALHQE$, "OI POLLOI:
IP _ 'OU-DHTA. SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN-POU "OI G' 'EIDOTE$ TO
'WFELIMWTERON TOU* 'ANWFELESTEROU NOMIMWTERON "HGOUNTAI THI
'ALHQEIA\ PASIN 'ANQRWPOI$; 'H= 'OU SUGCWREI$: IP _ NAI,
SUGCWRW0, "OTI4 GE THI 'ALHQEIA\. SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'ESTIN TE-KAI
'ECEI0 "OUTW$ "W$ "OI 'EIDOTE$ "HGOUNTAI: IP _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'ESTI DE-GE LAKEDAIMONIOI$, "W$ SU FH=I$, 'WFELIMWTERON


<P 285A>
THN "UPO SOU4 PAIDEUSIN, XENIKHN 'OUSAN, PAIDEUESQAI
MALLON 'H= THN 'EPICWRIAN. IP _ KAI 'ALHQH GE LEGW0. SW _
KAI-GAR "OTI4 TA 'WFELIMW=TERA NOMIMW=TERA 'ESTI, KAI TOUTO
LEGEI$, 'W* "IPPIA: IP _ 'EIPON GAR. SW _ KATA TON SON
'A=RA LOGON TOI$ LAKEDAIMONIWN "UESIN "UPO "IPPIOU PAIDEUESQAI
NOMIMWTERON 'ESTIN, "UPO DE TWN PATERWN 'ANOMWTERON, 'EIPER TW*I-'ONTI
"UPO SOU4 PLEIW 'WFELHQHSONTAI. IP _ 'ALLA=-MHN 'WFELHQHSONTAI,
<P 285B>
'W* SWKRATE$. SW _ PARANOMOUSIN0 'A=RA LAKEDAIMONIOI
'OU DIDONTE$ SOI4 CRUSION KAI 'EPITREPONTE$ TOU$ "AUTWN
"UEI$. IP _ SUGCWRW0 TAUTA; DOKEI$ GAR MOI TON LOGON PRO$
'EMOU4 LEGEIN, KAI 'OUDEN ME DEI 'AUTWI 'ENANTIOUSQAI.
SW _ PARANOMOU$ MEN-DH, 'W* "ETAIRE, TOU$ LAKWNA$ "EURISKOMEN,
KAI TAUT' 'EI$ TA MEGISTA, TOU$ NOMIMWTATOU$ DOKOUNTA$
'EINAI. 'EPAINOUSI0 DE-DH SE PRO$ QEWN, 'W* "IPPIA, KAI CAIROUSIN0
'AKOUONTE$ POI*A: 'H= DHLON DH "OTI4 'EKEINA "A SU KALLISTA
<P 285C>
'EPISTASAI, TA PERI= TA 'ASTRA TE-KAI TA 'OURA=NIA PAQH:
IP _ 'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN; TAUTA GE-'OUD' 'ANECONTAI. SW _ 'ALLA=
PERI= GEWMETRIA$ TI CAIROUSIN0 'AKOUONTE$: IP _ 'OUDAMW$,
'EPEI 'OUD' 'ARIQMEIN 'EKEINWN GE, "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN, POLLOI
'EPISTANTAI. SW _ POLLOU 'A=RA DEOUSIN0 PERI= GE LOGISMWN
'ANECESQAI SOU4 'EPIDEIKNUMENOU. IP _ POLLOU MENTOI NH DI=A.
SW _ 'ALLA=-DHTA 'EKEINA "A SU 'AKRIBESTATA 'EPISTASAI
<P 285D>
'ANQRWPWN DIAIREIN, PERI= TE GRAMMATWN DUNAMEW$ KAI SULLABWN
KAI "RUQMWN KAI "ARMONIWN: IP _ POI=WN, 'WGAQE,
"ARMONIWN KAI GRAMMATWN: SW _ 'ALLA= TI= MHN 'ESTIN "A "HDEW$
SOU4 'AKROWNTAI0 KAI 'EPAINOUSIN0: 'AUTO$ MOI 'EIPE=, 'EPEIDH 'EGW
'OUC "EURISKW0.
IP _ PERI= TWN GENWN, 'W* SWKRATE$, TWN TE "HRWWN KAI TWN
'ANQRWPWN, KAI TWN KATOIKISEWN, "W$ TO 'ARCAION 'EKTISQHSAN
"AI POLEI$, KAI SULLHBDHN PASH$ TH$ 'ARCAIOLOGIA$ "HDISTA
<P 285E>
'AKROWNTAI0, "WST' 'EGWGE DI' 'AUTOU$ 'HNAGKASMAI 'EKMEMAQHKENAI
TE-KAI 'EKMEMELETHKENAI PANTA TA TOIAUTA.
SW _ NAI MA DI=', 'W* "IPPIA, 'HUTUCHKA$ GE "OTI4 LAKEDAIMONIOI
'OU CAIROUSIN0 'AN2 TI$ 'AUTOI$ 'APO SOLWNO$ TOU$
'ARCONTA$ TOU$ "HMETEROU$ KATALEGHI5; 'EI DE MH, PRAGMAT' 'AN4
'EICE$ 'EKMANQANWN.
IP _ PO=QEN, 'W* SWKRATE$: "APAX 'AKOUSA$ PENTHKONTA
'ONOMATA 'APOMNHMONEUSW2.
SW _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$, 'ALL' 'EGW 'OUK 'ENENOHSA "OTI4 TO
MNHMONIKON 'ECEI$; "WST' 'ENNOW0 "OTI4 'EIKOTW$ SOI4 CAIROUSIN0


<P 286A>
"OI LAKEDAIMONIOI "ATE POLLA 'EIDOTI, KAI CRWNTAI0 "WSPER TAI$
PRESBUTISIN "OI PAIDE$ PRO$ TO "HDEW$ MUQOLOGHSAI0.
IP _ KAI NAI MA DI=', 'W* SWKRATE$, PERI= GE 'EPITHDEUMATWN
KALWN KAI 'ENAGCO$ 'AUTOQI 'HUDOKIMHSA DIEXIWN "A CRH TON
NEON 'EPITHDEUEIN. 'ESTI GAR MOI PERI= 'AUTWN PAGKALW$ LOGO$
SUGKEIMENO$, KAI 'ALLW$ 'EU DIAKEIMENO$ KAI TOI$ 'ONOMASI;
PROSCHMA DE MOI 'ESTI KAI 'ARCH TOIADE TI$ TOU* LOGOU.
'EPEIDH "H TROIA "HLW, LEGEI0 "O LOGO$ "OTI4 NEOPTOLEMO$
<P 286B>
NESTORA 'EROITO POI*A 'ESTI KALA 'EPITHDEUMATA, "A 'AN4 TI$
'EPITHDEUSA$ NEO$ 'WN 'EUDOKIMWTATO$ GENOITO; META TAUTA DH
LEGWN 'ESTIN "O NESTWR KAI "UPOTIQEMENO$ 'AUTWI PAMPOLLA
NOMIMA KAI PAGKALA. TOUTON DH-KAI 'EKEI 'EPEDEIXAMHN KAI
'ENQADE MELLW0 'EPIDEIKNUNAI 'EI$ TRITHN "HMERAN, 'EN TW*I FEIDOSTRATOU
DIDASKALEIWI, KAI 'A=LLA POLLA KAI 'A=XIA 'AKOH$;
'EDEHQH GAR MOU 'EUDIKO$ "O 'APHMANTOU. 'ALL' "OPW$ PARESHI
<P 286C>
KAI 'AUTO$ KAI 'ALLOU$ 'AXEI$, "OITINE$ "IKANOI 'AKOUSANTE$ KRINAI0
TA LEGOMENA.
SW _ 'ALLA= TAUT' 'ESTAI, 'AN2 QEO$ QELHI5, 'W* "IPPIA. NUNI
MENTOI BRACU TI MOI PERI= 'AUTOU4 'APOKRINAI2; KAI-GAR ME 'EI$
KALON "UPEMNHSA$. 'ENAGCO$ GAR TI$, 'W* 'ARISTE, 'EI$ 'APORIAN
ME KATEBALEN 'EN LOGOI$ TISI TA MEN YEGONTA "W$ 'AISCRA,
TA D' 'EPAINOUNTA "W$ KALA, "OUTW PW$ 'EROMENO$ KAI MALA
"UBRISTIKW$; PO=QEN DE MOI SU, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OISQA
<P 286D>
"OPOI*A KALA KAI 'AISCRA: 'EPEI FERE, 'ECOI$ 'AN4 'EIPEIN TI= 'ESTI
TO KALON: KAI 'EGW DIA= THN 'EMHN FAULOTHTA 'HPOROUMHN TE-KAI
'OUK 'EICON 'AUTWI KATA TROPON 'APOKRINASQAI; 'APIWN 'OUN
'EK TH$ SUNOUSIA$ 'EMAUTWI TE 'WRGIZOMHN KAI 'WNEIDIZON, KAI
'HPEILOUN, "OPOTE PRWTON "UMWN TWI TWN SOFWN 'ENTUCOIMI,
'AKOUSA$ KAI MAQWN KAI 'EKMELETHSA$ 'IENAI PALIN 'EPI TON
'ERWTHSANTA, 'ANAMACOUMENO$ TON LOGON. NU*N 'OUN, "O= LEGW0,
'EI$ KALON "HKEI$, KAI ME DIDAXON2 "IKANW$ 'AUTO TO KALON "OTI2
<P 286E>
'ESTI, KAI PEIRW5 MOI "OTI2 MALISTA 'AKRIBW$ 'EIPEIN 'APOKRINOMENO$,
MH 'EXELEGCQEI$ TO DEUTERON 'AUQI$ GELWTA 'OFLW.
'OISQA GAR-DHPOU SAFW$, KAI SMIKRON POU TOUT' 'AN4 'EIH
MAQHMA "WN SU TWN POLLWN 'EPISTASAI.
IP _ SMIKRON MENTOI NH DI=', 'W* SWKRATE$, KAI 'OUDENO$
'AXION, "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN.
SW _ "RA\DIW$ 'A=RA MAQHSOMAI KAI 'OUDEI$ ME 'EXELEGXEI2 'ETI.
IP _ 'OUDEI$ MENTOI; FAULON GAR 'AN4 'EIH TO 'EMON PRAGMA


<P 287A>
KAI 'IDIWTIKON.
SW _ 'EU GE NH THN "HRAN LEGEI$, 'W* "IPPIA, 'EI CEIRWSOMEQA
TON 'ANDRA. 'ATAR MH TI KWLUW0 MIMOUMENO$ 'EGW 'EKEINON,
'EA=N SOU4 'APOKRINOMENOU 'ANTILAMBANWMAI TWN LOGWN, "INA "OTI2
MALISTA ME 'EKMELETHSHI$: SCEDON GAR TI 'EMPEIRO$ 'EIMI TWN
'ANTILHYEWN. 'EI 'OUN MH TI SOI4 DIAFEREI0, BOULOMAI 'ANTILAMBANESQAI,
"IN' 'ERRWMENESTERON MAQW.
IP _ 'ALL' 'ANTILAMBANOU. KAI-GAR, "O= NUNDH 'EIPON, 'OU
<P 287B>
MEGA 'ESTI TO 'ERWTHMA, 'ALLA=-KAI POLU TOUTOU CALEPW=TERA
'AN4 'APOKRINASQAI 'EGW SE DIDAXAIMI, "WSTE MHDENA 'ANQRWPWN
DUNASQAI SE 'EXELEGCEIN.
SW _ FEU "W$ 'EU LEGEI$; 'ALL' 'AG', 'EPEIDH KAI SU KELEUEI$,
FERE "OTI2 MALISTA 'EKEINO$ GENOMENO$ PEIRWMAI20 SE 'ERWTAN. 'EI
GAR-DH 'AUTWI TON LOGON TOUTON 'EPIDEIXAI$ "ON FH=I$, TON PERI=
TWN KALWN 'EPITHDEUMATWN, 'AKOUSA$, 'EPEIDH PAUSAIO LEGWN,
'EROIT' 'AN4 'OU PERI= 'ALLOU PROTERON 'H= PERI= TOU* KALOU % 'EQO$
<P 287C>
GAR TI TOUT' 'ECEI0 % KAI 'EIPOI 'AN4; 'W* XENE 'HLEIE, 'A*R' 'OU
DIKAIOSUNHI DIKAIOI 'EISIN "OI DIKAIOI: 'APOKRINAI2 DH, 'W* "IPPIA,
"W$ 'EKEINOU 'ERWTWNTO$. IP _ 'APOKRINOUMAI "OTI4 DIKAIOSUNHI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'ESTI TI TOUTO, "H DIKAIOSUNH: IP _ PANU
GE. SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI SOFIA\ "OI SOFOI 'EISI SOFOI KAI TW*I
'AGAQWI PANTA 'TAGAQA 'AGAQA: IP _ PW*$ D' 'OU=: SW _ 'OUSI
GE TISI TOUTOI$; 'OU-GAR-DHPOU MH 'OUSI GE. IP _ 'OUSI
MENTOI. SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN-'OU-KAI TA KALA PANTA TW*I KALWI
<P 287D>
'ESTI KALA: IP _ NAI, TW*I KALWI. SW _ 'ONTI GE TINI
TOUTWI: IP _ 'ONTI; 'ALLA= TI= GAR MELLEI0: SW _ 'EIPE=
DH, 'W* XENE, FHSEI2, TI= 'ESTI TOUTO TO KALON:
IP _ 'ALLO TI 'OUN, 'W* SWKRATE$, "O TOUTO 'ERWTWN DEITAI
PUQESQAI TI= 'ESTI KALON:
SW _ 'OU MOI DOKEI0, 'ALL' "OTI2 'ESTI TO KALON, 'W* "IPPIA.
IP _ KAI TI= DIAFEREI0 TOUT' 'EKEINOU:
SW _ 'OUDEN SOI4 DOKEI0:
IP _ 'OUDEN GAR DIAFEREI0.
SW _ 'ALLA=-MENTOI DHLON "OTI4 SU KALLION 'OISQA. "OMW$
DE, 'WGAQE, 'AQREI5; 'ERWTA*I0 GAR SE 'OU TI= 'ESTI KALON, 'ALL' "OTI2
<P 287E>
'ESTI TO KALON.
IP _ MANQANW0, 'WGAQE, KAI 'APOKRINOUMAI GE 'AUTWI "OTI2 'ESTI
TO KALON, KAI 'OU MH POTE 'ELEGCQW. 'ESTI GAR, 'W* SWKRATE$,
'EU 'ISQI, 'EI DEI TO 'ALHQE$ LEGEIN, PARQENO$ KALH KALON.
SW _ KALW$ GE, 'W* "IPPIA, NH TON KUNA KAI 'EUDOXW$
'APEKRINW. 'ALLO TI 'OUN, 'AN2 'EGW TOUTO 'APOKRINWMAI, TO


<P 288A>
'ERWTWMENON TE 'APOKEKRIMENO$ 'ESOMAI KAI 'ORQW$, KAI 'OU MH
POTE 'ELEGCQW:
IP _ PW*$ GAR 'AN4, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ELEGCQEIH$, "O= GE PASIN
DOKEI0 KAI PANTE$ SOI4 MARTURHSOUSIN2 "OI 'AKOUONTE$ "OTI4 'ORQW$
LEGEI$:
SW _ 'EIEN; PANU MEN-'OUN. FERE DH, 'W* "IPPIA, PRO$
'EMAUTON 'ANALABW "O= LEGEI$. "O MEN 'ERHSETAI ME "OUTWSI PW$;
'IQI MOI, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'APOKRINAI2; TAUTA PANTA "A FH=I$ KALA
'EINAI, 'EI TI= 'ESTIN 'AUTO TO KALON, TAUT' 'AN4 'EIH KALA: 'EGW
DE-DH 'ERW2 "OTI4 'EI PARQENO$ KALH KALON, 'ESTI DI' "O= TAUT' 'AN4
'EIH KALA:
<P 288B>
IP _ 'OIEI 'OUN 'ETI 'AUTON 'EPICEIRHSEIN SE 'ELEGCEIN "W$ 'OU
KALON 'ESTIN "O= LEGEI$, 'H= 'EA=N 'EPICEIRHSHI6, 'OU KATAGELASTON
'ESESQAI:
SW _ "OTI4 MEN 'EPICEIRHSEI2, 'W* QAUMASIE, 'EU 'OIDA; 'EI DE
'EPICEIRHSA$ 'ESTAI KATAGELASTO$, 'AUTO DEIXEI2. "A MENTOI 'EREI2,
'EQELW0 SOI4 LEGEIN.
IP _ LEGE DH.
SW _ "W$ GLUKU$ 'EI*, FHSEI2, 'W* SWKRATE$. QHLEIA DE
"IPPO$ KALH 'OU KALON, "HN KAI "O QEO$ 'EN TW*I CRHSMWI 'EPHINESEN:
<P 288C>
TI= FHSOMEN, 'W* "IPPIA: 'ALLO TI 'H= FWMEN KAI THN "IPPON KALON
'EINAI, THN GE KALHN: PW*$ GAR 'AN4 TOLMWIMEN 'EXARNOI 'EINAI TO
KALON MH KALON 'EINAI:
IP _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$; 'EPEI TOI-KAI 'ORQW$ 'AUTO
"O QEO$ 'EI*PEN; PAGKALAI GAR PAR' "HMIN "IPPOI GIGNONTAI.
SW _ 'EIEN, FHSEI2 DH; TI= DE LURA KALH: 'OU KALON:
FWMEN, 'W* "IPPIA:
IP _ NAI.
SW _ 'EREI2 TOINUN META TOUT' 'EKEINO$, SCEDON TI 'EU 'OIDA
'EK TOU* TROPOU TEKMAIROMENO$; 'W* BELTISTE SU, TI= DE CUTRA
KALH: 'OU KALON 'A=RA:
<P 288D>
IP _ 'W* SWKRATE$, TI=$ D' 'ESTIN "O 'ANQRWPO$: "W$ 'APAIDEUTO$
TI$ "O$ "OUTW FAULA 'ONOMATA 'ONOMAZEIN TOLMA*I0 'EN
SEMNWI PRAGMATI.
SW _ TOIOUTO$ TI$, 'W* "IPPIA, 'OU KOMYO$ 'ALLA= SURFETO$,
'OUDEN 'ALLO FRONTIZWN 'H= TO 'ALHQE$. 'ALL' "OMW$ 'APOKRITEON
TW*I 'ANDRI, KAI 'EGWGE PROAPOFAINOMAI; 'EIPER "H CUTRA KEKERAMEUMENH-'EIH
"UPO 'AGAQOU KERAMEW$ LEI=A KAI STROGGULH KAI
KALW$ 'WPTHMENH, "OIAI TWN KALWN CUTRWN 'EISI TINE$ DIWTOI,
TWN "EX COA$ CWROUSWN, PAGKALAI, 'EI TOIAUTHN 'ERWTWIH
<P 288E>
CUTRAN, KALHN "OMOLOGHTEON 'EINAI. PW*$ GAR 'AN4 FAIMEN KALON
'ON MH KALON 'EINAI:
IP _ 'OUDAMW$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI CUTRA, FHSEI2, KALH KALON:
'APOKRINOU.
IP _ 'ALL' "OUTW$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ECEI0, 'OIMAI; KALON MEN-KAI
TOUTO TO SKEUO$ 'ESTI KALW$ 'EIRGASMENON, 'ALLA= TO "OLON TOUTO
'OUK 'ESTIN 'AXION KRINEIN0 "W$ 'ON KALON PRO$ "IPPON TE-KAI
PARQENON KAI 'TALLA PANTA TA KALA.


<P 289A>
SW _ 'EIEN; MANQANW0, 'W* "IPPIA, "W$ 'A=RA CRH 'ANTILEGEIN
PRO$ TON TAUTA 'ERWTWNTA TADE; 'W* 'ANQRWPE, 'AGNOEI$ "OTI4 TO
TOU* "HRAKLEITOU 'EU 'ECEI0, "W$ 'A=RA PIQHKWN9 "O9 KALLISTO$9 'AISCRO$9
'ANQRWPWN9 GENEI9 SUMBALLEIN9, KAI CUTRWN "H KALLISTH
'AISCRA PARQENWN GENEI SUMBALLEIN, "W$ FHSIN "IPPIA$ "O
SOFO$. 'OUC "OUTW$, 'W* "IPPIA:
IP _ PANU MEN-'OUN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ORQW$ 'APEKRINW.
SW _ 'AKOUE DH. META TOUTO GAR 'EU 'OID' "OTI4 FHSEI2; TI=
DE, 'W* SWKRATE$: TO TWN PARQENWN GENO$ QEWN GENEI 'AN2 TI$
<P 289B>
SUMBALLHI5, 'OU 'TAUTON PEISETAI "OPER TO TWN CUTRWN TW*I TWN
PARQENWN SUMBALLOMENON: 'OUC "H KALLISTH PARQENO$ 'AISCRA
FANEITAI: 'H= 'OU KAI "HRAKLEITO$ 'AUTO TOUTO LEGEI0, "ON SU
'EPAGHI0, "OTI4 'ANQRWPWN9 "O9 SOFWTATO$9 PRO$9 QEON9 PIQHKO$9
FANEITAI9 KAI9 SOFIA\9 KAI9 KALLEI9 KAI9 TOI$9 'ALLOI$9 PASIN9:
"OMOLOGHSWMEN, "IPPIA, THN KALLISTHN PARQENON PRO$ QEWN
GENO$ 'AISCRAN 'EINAI:
IP _ TI=$ GAR 'AN4 'ANTEIPOI TOUTWI GE, 'W* SWKRATE$:
<P 289C>
SW _ 'AN2 TOINUN TAUTA "OMOLOGHSWMEN, GELASETAI TE-KAI
'EREI2; 'W* SWKRATE$, MEMNHSAI 'OUN "OTI2 'HRWTHQH$: 'EGWGE,
FHSW2, "OTI4 'AUTO TO KALON "OTI2 POTE 'ESTIN. 'EPEITA, FHSEI2,
'ERWTHQEI$ TO KALON 'APOKRINHI0 "O= TUGCANEI0 'ON, "W$ 'AUTO$ FH=I$,
'OUDEN MALLON KALON 'H= 'AISCRON: 'EOIKE0, FHSW2; 'H= TI= MOI
SUMBOULEUEI$, 'W* FILE, FANAI0:
IP _ TOUTO 'EGWGE; KAI-GAR-DH PRO$ GE QEOU$ "OTI4 'OU KALON
TO 'ANQRWPEION GENO$, 'ALHQH 'EREI2.
SW _ 'EI DE SE 'HROMHN, FHSEI2, 'EX 'ARCH$ TI= 'ESTI
<P 289D>
KALON TE-KAI 'AISCRON, 'EI MOI "APER NU*N 'APEKRINW, 'A*R' 'OUK 'AN4
'ORQW$ 'APEKEKRISO: 'ETI DE-KAI DOKEI0 SOI4 'AUTO TO KALON, "WI
KAI 'TALLA PANTA KOSMEITAI KAI KALA FAINETAI, 'EPEIDAN
PROSGENHTAI 'EKEINO TO 'EIDO$, TOUT' 'EINAI PARQENO$ 'H= "IPPO$
'H= LURA:
IP _ 'ALLA=-MENTOI, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EI TOUTO GE ZHTEI0, PANTWN
"RA*ISTON 'APOKRINASQAI 'AUTWI TI= 'ESTI TO KALON "WI KAI TA 'A=LLA
PANTA KOSMEITAI KAI PROSGENOMENOU 'AUTOU4 KALA FAINETAI.
<P 289E>
'EUHQESTATO$ 'OUN 'ESTIN "O 'ANQRWPO$ KAI 'OUDEN 'EPAIEI0 PERI=
KALWN KTHMATWN. 'EA=N GAR 'AUTWI 'APOKRINHI3 "OTI4 TOUT' 'ESTIN
"O= 'ERWTA*I0 TO KALON 'OUDEN 'ALLO 'H= CRUSO$, 'APORHSEI2 KAI 'OUK
'EPICEIRHSEI2 SE 'ELEGCEIN. 'ISMEN GAR-POU PANTE$ "OTI4 "OPOU 'AN4
TOUTO PROSGENHTAI, 'KAN2 PROTERON 'AISCRON FAINHTAI, KALON
FANEITAI CRUSWI GE KOSMHQEN.
SW _ 'APEIRO$ 'EI* TOU* 'ANDRO$, 'W* "IPPIA, "W$ SCETLIO$ 'ESTI
KAI 'OUDEN "RA\DIW$ 'APODECOMENO$.
IP _ TI= 'OUN TOUTO, 'W* SWKRATE$: TO GAR 'ORQW$ LEGOMENON


<P 290A>
'ANAGKH 'AUTWI 'APODECESQAI, 'H= MH 'APODECOMENWI KATAGELASTWI
'EINAI.
SW _ KAI-MEN-DH TAUTHN GE THN 'APOKRISIN, 'W* 'ARISTE, 'OU
MONON 'OUK 'APODEXETAI, 'ALLA= PANU ME KAI TWQASETAI, KAI 'EREI2;
'W* TETUFWMENE SU, FEIDIAN 'OIEI KAKON 'EINAI DHMIOURGON:
KAI 'EGW 'OIMAI 'ERW2 "OTI4 'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN.
IP _ KAI 'ORQW$ G' 'EREI$2, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'ORQW$ MENTOI. TOIGARTOI 'EKEINO$, 'EPEIDAN 'EGW
"OMOLOGW3 'AGAQON 'EINAI DHMIOURGON TON FEIDIAN, 'EITA,
<P 290B>
FHSEI2, 'OIEI TOUTO TO KALON "O= SU LEGEI$ 'HGNOEI FEIDIA$:
KAI 'EGW; TI= MALISTA: FHSW2. "OTI4, 'EREI2, TH$ 'AQHNA$
TOU$ 'OFQALMOU$ 'OU CRUSOU$ 'EPOIHSEN, 'OUDE TO 'ALLO PROSWPON
'OUDE TOU$ PODA$ 'OUDE TA$ CEIRA$, 'EIPER CRUSOUN GE-DH
'ON KALLISTON 'EMELLE FAINESQAI, 'ALL' 'ELEFANTINON; DHLON
"OTI4 TOUTO "UPO 'AMAQIA$ 'EXHMARTEN, 'AGNOWN "OTI4 CRUSO$ 'A=R'
'ESTIN "O PANTA KALA POIWN, "OPOU 'AN4 PROSGENHTAI. TAUTA 'OUN
LEGONTI TI= 'APOKRINWMEQA, 'W* "IPPIA:
<P 290C>
IP _ 'OUDEN CALEPON; 'EROUMEN2 GAR "OTI4 'ORQW$ 'EPOIHSE. KAI-GAR
TO 'ELEFANTINON 'OIMAI KALON 'ESTIN.
SW _ TOU*2 'OUN "ENEKA, FHSEI2, 'OU KAI TA MESA TWN
'OFQALMWN 'ELEFANTINA 'HRGASATO, 'ALLA= LIQINA, "W$ "OION-T'-'H*N
"OMOIOTHTA TOU* LIQOU TW*I 'ELEFANTI 'EXEURWN: 'H=-KAI "O LIQO$ "O
KALO$ KALON 'ESTI: FHSOMEN, 'W* "IPPIA:
IP _ FHSOMEN MENTOI, "OTAN GE PREPWN 'HI.
SW _ "OTAN DE MH PREPWN, 'AISCRON: "OMOLOGW3 'H= MH:
IP _ "OMOLOGEI5, "OTAN GE MH PREPHI5.
<P 290D>
SW _ TI= DE-DH: "O 'ELEFA$ KAI "O CRUSO$, FHSEI2, 'W*
SOFE SU, 'OUC "OTAN MEN PREPHI5, KALA POIEI0 FAINESQAI, "OTAN
DE MH, 'AISCRA: 'EXARNOI 'ESOMEQA 'H= "OMOLOGHSOMEN 'AUTWI
'ORQW$ LEGEIN 'AUTON:
IP _ "OMOLOGHSOMEN TOUTO GE, "OTI4 "O= 'AN4 PREPHI5 "EKASTWI,
TOUTO KALON POIEI0 "EKASTON.
SW _ POTERON 'OUN PREPEI0, FHSEI2, "OTAN TI$ THN
CUTRAN "HN 'ARTI 'ELEGOMEN, THN KALHN, "EYHI5 'ETNOU$ KALOU
MESTHN, CRUSH TORUNH 'AUTHI 'H= SUKINH:
IP _ "HRAKLEI$, "OION LEGEI$ 'ANQRWPON, 'W* SWKRATE$. 'OU
<P 290E>
BOULEI MOI 'EIPEIN TI=$ 'ESTIN:
SW _ 'OU-GAR 'AN4 GNOIH$, 'EI SOI4 'EIPOIMI 'TOUNOMA.
IP _ 'ALLA=-KAI NU*N 'EGWGE GIGNWSKW0, "OTI4 'AMAQH$ TI$ 'ESTIN.
SW _ MERMERO$ PANU 'ESTIN, 'W* "IPPIA; 'ALL' "OMW$ TI=
FHSOMEN: POTERAN PREPEIN TOIN TORUNAIN TW*I 'ETNEI KAI THI
CUTRA\: 'H= DHLON "OTI4 THN SUKINHN: 'EUWDESTERON GAR-POU
TO 'ETNO$ POIEI0, KAI "AMA, 'W* "ETAIRE, 'OUK 'AN4 SUNTRIYASA "HMIN
THN CUTRAN 'EKCEAI TO 'ETNO$ KAI TO PUR 'APOSBESEIEN KAI TOU$
MELLONTA$ "ESTIASQAI 'ANEU 'OYOU 'AN4 PANU GENNAIOU POIHSEIEN;
"H DE CRUSH 'EKEINH PANTA 'AN4 TAUTA POIHSEIEN, "WST' 'EMOIGE


<P 291A>
DOKEIN THN SUKINHN "HMA$ MALLON FANAI0 PREPEIN 'H= THN CRUSHN,
'EI MH TI SU 'ALLO LEGEI$.
IP _ PREPEI0 MEN-GAR, 'W* SWKRATE$, MALLON; 'OU-'MENTAN
'EGWGE TW*I 'ANQRWPWI TOIAUTA 'ERWTWNTI DIALEGOIMHN.
SW _ 'ORQW$ GE, 'W* FILE; SOI4 MEN-GAR 'OUK 'AN4 PREPOI
TOIOUTWN 'ONOMATWN 'ANAPIMPLASQAI, KALW$ MEN "OUTWSI 'AMPECOMENWI,
KALW$ DE "UPODEDEMENWI, 'EUDOKIMOUNTI DE 'EPI SOFIA\
'EN PASI TOI$ "ELLHSIN. 'ALL' 'EMOI4 'OUDEN PRAGMA FURESQAI
<P 291B>
PRO$ TON 'ANQRWPON; 'EME 'OUN PRODIDASKE KAI 'EMHN CARIN
'APOKRINOU. 'EI GAR-DH PREPEI0 GE MALLON "H SUKINH TH$
CRUSH$, FHSEI2 "O 'ANQRWPO$, 'ALLO TI KAI KALLIWN 'AN4 'EIH,
'EPEIDHPER TO PREPON, 'W* SWKRATE$, KALLION "WMOLOGHSA$ 'EINAI
TOU* MH PREPONTO$: 'ALLO TI "OMOLOGWMEN, 'W* "IPPIA, THN
SUKINHN KALLIW TH$ CRUSH$ 'EINAI:
IP _ BOULEI SOI4 'EIPW, 'W* SWKRATE$, "O= 'EIPWN 'EINAI TO KALON
'APALLAXEI$ SAUTON TWN POLLWN LOGWN:
<P 291C>
SW _ PANU MEN-'OUN; MH-MENTOI PROTERON GE PRIN 'AN4 MOI
'EIPHI$ POTERAN 'APOKRINWMAI "OIN 'ARTI 'ELEGON TOIN TORUNAIN
PREPOUSAN TE-KAI KALLIW 'EINAI.
IP _ 'ALL', 'EI BOULEI, 'AUTWI 'APOKRINAI2 "OTI4 "H 'EK TH$ SUKH$
'EIRGASMENH.
SW _ LEGE DH NUNI "O= 'ARTI 'EMELLE$ LEGEIN. TAUTHI MEN-GAR
THI 'APOKRISEI, "HI8 'AN2 FW TO KALON CRUSON 'EINAI, 'OUDEN "W$
'EOIKE0 MOI 'ANAFANHSETAI KALLION 'ON CRUSO$ 'H= XULON SUKINON;
TO DE NU*N TI= 'AU LEGEI$ TO KALON 'EINAI:
<P 291D>
IP _ 'EGW SOI4 'ERW2. ZHTEIN GAR MOI DOKEI$ TOIOUTON TI
TO KALON 'APOKRINASQAI, "O= MHDEPOTE 'AISCRON MHDAMOU MHDENI
FANEITAI.
SW _ PANU MEN-'OUN, 'W* "IPPIA; KAI KALW$ GE NU*N
"UPOLAMBANEI$.
IP _ 'AKOUE DH; PRO$ GAR TOUTO 'ISQI, 'EA=N TI$ 'ECHI5 "OTI2
'ANTEIPHI6, FANAI0 'EME MHD' "OTIOUN 'EPAIEIN.
SW _ LEGE DH "W$ TACISTA PRO$ QEWN.
IP _ LEGW0 TOINUN 'AEI KAI PANTI KAI PANTACOU KALLISTON
'EINAI 'ANDRI, PLOUTOUNTI, "UGIAINONTI, TIMWMENWI "UPO TWN "ELLHNWN,
'AFIKOMENWI 'EI$ GHRA$, TOU$ "AUTOU GONEA$ TELEUTHSANTA$
<P 291E>
KALW$ PERISTEILANTI, "UPO TWN "AUTOU 'EKGONWN KALW$
KAI MEGALOPREPW$ TAFHNAI.
SW _ 'IOU 'IOU, 'W* "IPPIA, 'H* QAUMASIW$ TE-KAI MEGALEIW$
KAI 'AXIW$ SAUTOU 'EIRHKA$; KAI NH THN "HRAN 'AGAMAI SOU4 "OTI4
MOI DOKEI$ 'EUNOIKW$, KAQ' "OSON "OIO$-T'-'EI*, BOHQEIN; 'ALLA=-GAR
TOU* 'ANDRO$ 'OU TUGCANOMEN, 'ALL' "HMWN DH NU*N KAI PLEISTON
KATAGELASETAI, 'EU 'ISQI.
IP _ PONHRON G', 'W* SWKRATE$, GELWTA; "OTAN GAR PRO$
TAUTA 'ECHI5 MEN MHDEN "OTI2 LEGHI5, GELA*I2 DE, "AUTOU KATAGELASETAI


<P 292A>
KAI "UPO TWN PARONTWN0 'AUTO$ 'ESTAI KATAGELASTO$.
SW _ 'ISW$ "OUTW$ 'ECEI0; 'ISW$ MENTOI 'EPI GE TAUTHI THI
'APOKRISEI, "W$ 'EGW MANTEUOMAI, KINDUNEUSEI2 'OU MONON MOU
KATAGELAN.
IP _ 'ALLA= TI= MHN:
SW _ "OTI4, 'AN2 TUCHI6 BAKTHRIAN 'ECWN, 'AN2 MH 'EKFUGW4 FEUGWN
'AUTON, 'EU MALA MOU 'EFIKESQAI PEIRASETAI.
IP _ PW*$ LEGEI$: DESPOTH$ TI$ SOU4 "O 'ANQRWPO$ 'ESTIN, KAI
TOUTO POIHSA$ 'OUK 'ACQHSETAI KAI DIKA$ 'OFLHSEI2: 'H= 'OUK
<P 292B>
'ENDIKO$ "UMIN "H POLI$ 'ESTIN, 'ALL' 'EA*I0 'ADIKW$ TUPTEIN 'ALLHLOU$
TOU$ POLITA$:
SW _ 'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN 'EA*I0.
IP _ 'OUKOU*N DWSEI2 DIKHN 'ADIKW$ GE SE TUPTWN.
SW _ 'OU MOI DOKEI0, 'W* "IPPIA, 'OU=K, 'EI TAUTA GE 'APOKRINAIMHN,
'ALLA= DIKAIW$, 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
IP _ KAI 'EMOI4 TOINUN DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EPEIDHPER GE
'AUTO$ TAUTA 'OIEI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EIPW SOI4 KAI "HI 'AUTO$ 'OIOMAI DIKAIW$ 'AN4
TUPTESQAI TAUTA 'APOKRINOMENO$: 'H=-KAI SU ME 'AKRITON
TUPTHSEI$: 'H= DEXHI2 LOGON:
<P 292C>
IP _ DEINON GAR 'AN4 'EIH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EI MH DECOIMHN;
'ALLA= PW*$ LEGEI$:
SW _ 'EGW SOI4 'ERW2, TON 'AUTON TROPON "ONPER NUNDH, MIMOUMENO$
'EKEINON, "INA MH PRO$ SE LEGW3 "RHMATA, "OI*A 'EKEINO$ 'EI$
'EME 'EREI2, CALEPA TE-KAI 'ALLOKOTA. 'EU GAR 'ISQI, 'EIPE= MOI,
FHSEI2, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OIEI 'AN4 'ADIKW$ PLHGA$ LABEIN, "OSTI$
DIQURAMBON TOSOUTONI 'A\SA$ "OUTW$ 'AMOUSW$ POLU 'APHISA$
'APO TOU* 'ERWTHMATO$: PW*$ DH: FHSW2 'EGW. "OPW$:
FHSEI2; 'OUC "OIO$-T'-'EI* MEMNHSQAI "OTI4 TO KALON 'AUTO 'HRWTWN,
<P 292D>
"O= PANTI "WI 'AN4 PROSGENHTAI, "UPARCEI0 'EKEINWI KALWI 'EINAI, KAI
LIQWI KAI XULWI KAI 'ANQRWPWI KAI QEWI KAI PASHI PRAXEI
KAI PANTI MAQHMATI: 'AUTO GAR 'EGWGE, 'WNQRWPE, KALLO$
'ERWTW0 "OTI2 'ESTIN, KAI 'OUDEN SOI4 MALLON GEGWNEIN DUNAMAI 'H=
'EI MOI PAREKAQHSO LIQO$, KAI "OUTO$ MULIA$, MHTE 'WTA MHTE
'EGKEFALON 'ECWN. 'EI 'OUN FOBHQEI$ 'EIPOIMI 'EGW 'EPI TOUTOI$
TADE, 'A*RA 'OUK 'AN4 'ACQOIO, 'W* "IPPIA: 'ALLA=-MENTOI TODE TO
<P 292E>
KALON 'EINAI "IPPIA$ 'EFH; KAITOI 'EGW 'AUTON 'HRWTWN "OUTW$
"WSPER SU 'EME, "O= PASI KALON KAI 'AEI 'ESTI. PW*$ 'OUN FH=I$:
'OUK 'ACQESHI2, 'AN2 'EIPW TAUTA:
IP _ 'EU G'-'OUN 'OIDA, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OTI4 PASI KALON TOUT'
'ESTIN, "O= 'EGW 'EIPON, KAI DOXEI2.
SW _ 'H*-KAI 'ESTAI: FHSEI2; 'AEI GAR-POU TO GE KALON
KALON. IP _ PANU GE. SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'H*N: FHSEI2.
IP _ KAI 'H*N. SW _ 'H*-KAI TW*I 'ACILLEI, FHSEI2, "O
XENO$ "O 'HLEIO$ 'EFH KALON 'EINAI "USTERWI TWN PROGONWN
TAFHNAI, KAI TW*I PAPPWI 'AUTOU4 'AIAKWI, KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ "OSOI


<P 293A>
'EK QEWN GEGONASI, KAI 'AUTOI$ TOI$ QEOI$:
IP _ TI= TOUTO: BALL' 'E$ MAKARIAN. TOU* 'ANQRWPOU 'OUD'
'EUFHMA, 'W* SWKRATE$, TAUTA GE TA 'ERWTHMATA.
SW _ TI= DE: TO 'EROMENOU "ETEROU FANAI0 TAUTA "OUTW$ 'ECEIN
'OU PANU DUSFHMON:
IP _ 'ISW$.
SW _ 'ISW$ TOINUN SU 'EI* "OUTO$, FHSEI2, "O$ PANTI FH=I$
KAI 'AEI KALON 'EINAI "UPO MEN TWN 'EKGONWN TAFHNAI, TOU$ DE
GONEA$ QAYAI0; 'H= 'OUC "EI$ TWN "APANTWN KAI "HRAKLH$ 'H*N KAI
"OU$ NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN PANTE$:
IP _ 'ALL' 'OU TOI$ QEOI$ 'EGWGE 'ELEGON.
<P 293B>
SW _ 'OUDE TOI$ "HRWSIN, "W$ 'EOIKA$.
IP _ 'OUC "OSOI GE QEWN PAIDE$ 'HSAN.
SW _ 'ALL' "OSOI MH:
IP _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N KATA TON SON 'AU LOGON, "W$ FAINETAI, TWN
"HRWWN TW*I MEN TANTALWI KAI TW*I DARDANWI KAI TW*I ZHQWI
DEINON TE-KAI 'ANOSION KAI 'AISCRON 'ESTI, PELOPI DE-KAI TOI$
'ALLOI$ TOI$ "OUTW GEGONOSI KALON.
IP _ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW _ SOI4 TOINUN DOKEI0, FHSEI2, "O= 'ARTI 'OUK 'EFHSQA, TO
QAYANTI TOU$ PROGONOU$ TAFHNAI "UPO TWN 'EKGONWN 'ENIOTE KAI
<P 293C>
'ENIOI$ 'AISCRON 'EINAI; 'ETI DE MALLON, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'ADUNATON
PASI TOUTO GENESQAI KAI 'EINAI KALON, "WSTE TOUTO GE "WSPER
KAI TA 'EMPROSQEN 'EKEINA, "H TE PARQENO$ KAI "H CUTRA, 'TAUTON
PEPONQE0, KAI 'ETI GELOIOTERW$ TOI$ MEN 'ESTI KALON, TOI$ D' 'OU
KALON. KAI 'OUDEPW KAI THMERON, FHSEI2, "OIO$-T'-'EI*, 'W*
SWKRATE$, PERI= TOU* KALOU "OTI2 'ESTI TO 'ERWTWMENON 'APOKRINASQAI.
TAUTA MOI KAI TOIAUTA 'ONEIDIEI2 DIKAIW$, 'EA=N 'AUTWI
"OUTW$ 'APOKRINWMAI. TA MEN-'OUN POLLA, 'W* "IPPIA, SCEDON
<P 293D>
TI MOI "OUTW DIALEGETAI; 'ENIOTE DE "WSPER 'ELEHSA$ MOU THN
'APEIRIAN KAI 'APAIDEUSIAN 'AUTO$ MOI PROBALLEI0 'ERWTWN 'EI
TOIONDE MOI DOKEI0 'EINAI TO KALON, 'H=-KAI PERI= 'ALLOU "OTOU 'AN4
TUCHI6 PUNQANOMENO$ KAI PERI= "OU 'AN4 LOGO$ 'HI.
IP _ PW*$ TOUTO LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW _ 'EGW SOI4 FRASW2. 'W* DAIMONIE, FHSI, SWKRATE$,
TA MEN TOIAUTA 'APOKRINOMENO$ KAI "OUTW PAUSAI2 %
LIAN GAR 'EUHQH TE-KAI 'EUEXELEGKTA 'ESTIN % 'ALLA= TO TOIONDE
<P 293E>
SKOPEI5 'EI SOI4 DOKEI0 KALON 'EINAI, "OU KAI NUNDH 'EPELABOMEQA
'EN THI 'APOKRISEI, "HNIK' 'EFAMEN TON CRUSON "OI$ MEN PREPEI0
KALON 'EINAI, "OI$ DE MH, 'OU=, KAI 'TALLA PANTA "OI$ 'AN4 TOUTO
PROSHI; 'AUTO DH TOUTO TO PREPON KAI THN FUSIN 'AUTOU4 TOU*
PREPONTO$ SKOPEI5 'EI TOUTO TUGCANEI0 'ON TO KALON. 'EGW MEN-'OUN
'EIWQA SUMFANAI0 TA TOIAUTA "EKASTOTE % 'OU-GAR 'ECW0 "OTI2
LEGW3 % SOI4 D'-'OUN DOKEI0 TO PREPON KALON 'EINAI:
IP _ PANTW$ DHPOU, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ SKOPWMEQA, MH PHI 'A=R' 'EXAPATWMEQA20.
IP _ 'ALLA= CRH SKOPEIN.
SW _ "ORA TOINUN; TO PREPON 'A*RA TOUTO LEGOMEN, "O= PARAGENOMENON


<P 294A>
POIEI0 "EKASTA FAINESQAI KALA TOUTWN "OI$ 'AN4 PARHI,
'H= "O= 'EINAI POIEI0, 'H= 'OUDE=TERA TOUTWN:
IP _ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0 PO=TERA8 "O= POIEI0 FAINESQAI KALA;
"WSPER GE 'EPEIDAN "IMATIA TI$ LABHI6 'H= "UPODHMATA "ARMOTTONTA,
'KAN2 'HI GELOIO$, KALLIWN FAINETAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EIPER KALLIW POIEI0 FAINESQAI 'H= 'ESTI TO
PREPON, 'APATH TI$ 'AN4 'EIH PERI= TO KALON TO PREPON, KAI 'OUK
'AN4 'EIH TOUTO "O= "HMEI$ ZHTOUMEN, 'W* "IPPIA: "HMEI$ MEN-GAR-POU
<P 294B>
'EKEINO 'EZHTOUMEN, "WI PANTA TA KALA PRAGMATA KALA 'ESTIN %
"WSPER "WI PANTA TA MEGALA 'ESTI MEGALA, TW*I "UPERECONTI;
TOUTWI GAR PANTA MEGALA 'ESTI, KAI 'EA=N MH FAINHTAI, "UPERECHI5
DE, 'ANAGKH 'AUTOI$ MEGALOI$ 'EINAI % "OUTW DH, FAMEN, KAI TO
KALON, "WI KALA PANTA 'ESTIN, 'ANT'-'OUN FAINHTAI 'ANTE MH, TI=
'AN4 'EIH: TO MEN-GAR PREPON 'OUK 'AN4 'EIH; KALLIW GAR POIEI0
FAINESQAI 'H= 'ESTIN, "W$ "O SO$ LOGO$, "OI*A D' 'ESTIN 'OUK 'EA*I0
FAINESQAI. TO DE POIOUN 'EINAI KALA, "OPER NUNDH 'EIPON,
<P 294C>
'EANTE FAINHTAI 'EANTE MH, PEIRATEON LEGEIN TI= 'ESTI; TOUTO
GAR ZHTOUMEN, 'EIPER TO KALON ZHTOUMEN.
IP _ 'ALLA= TO PREPON, 'W* SWKRATE$, KAI 'EINAI KAI FAINESQAI
POIEI0 KALA PARON.
SW _ 'ADUNATON 'A=RA TW*I-'ONTI KALA 'ONTA MH FAINESQAI
KALA 'EINAI, PARONTO$ GE TOU* POIOUNTO$ FAINESQAI:
IP _ 'ADUNATON.
SW _ "OMOLOGHSOMEN 'OUN TOUTO, 'W* "IPPIA, PANTA TA TW*I-'ONTI
KALA KAI NOMIMA KAI 'EPITHDEUMATA KAI DOXAZESQAI KALA
<P 294D>
'EINAI KAI FAINESQAI 'AEI PASIN, 'H= PAN 'TOUNANTION 'AGNOEISQAI
KAI PANTWN MALISTA 'ERIN KAI MACHN PERI= 'AUTWN 'EINAI KAI
'IDIA\ "EKASTOI$ KAI DHMOSIA\ TAI$ POLESIN:
IP _ "OUTW MALLON, 'W* SWKRATE$; 'AGNOEISQAI.
SW _ 'OUK 'AN4, 'EI GE-POU TO FAINESQAI 'AUTOI$ PROSHN;
PROSHN D' 'AN4, 'EIPER TO PREPON KALON 'H*N KAI MH MONON KALA
'EPOIEI 'EINAI 'ALLA=-KAI FAINESQAI. "WSTE TO PREPON, 'EI MEN
TO KALA POIOUN 'ESTIN 'EINAI, TO MEN KALON 'AN4 'EIH, "O= "HMEI$
ZHTOUMEN, 'OU-MENTOI TO GE POIOUN FAINESQAI; 'EI D' 'AU TO
<P 294E>
FAINESQAI POIOUN 'ESTIN TO PREPON, 'OUK 'AN4 'EIH TO KALON, "O=
"HMEI$ ZHTOUMEN. 'EINAI GAR 'EKEINO GE POIEI0, FAINESQAI DE-KAI
POIEIN8 'EINAI 'OU MONON KALA 'OUK 'AN4 POTE DUNAITO TO 'AUTO, 'ALL'-'OUDE
'ALLO "OTIOUN. "ELWMEQA DH PO=TERA DOKEI0 TO PREPON 'EINAI
TO FAINESQAI KALA POIOUN, 'H= TO 'EINAI.
IP _ TO FAINESQAI, 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ BABAI, 'OICETAI 'A=R' "HMA$ DIAPEFEUGO$, 'W* "IPPIA, TO
KALON GNWNAI0 "OTI2 POTE 'ESTIN, 'EPEIDH GE TO PREPON 'ALLO TI
'EFANH 'ON 'H= KALON.
IP _ NAI MA DI=A, 'W* SWKRATE$, KAI MALA 'EMOIGE 'ATOPW$.


<P 295A>
SW _ 'ALLA=-MENTOI, 'W* "ETAIRE, MHPW GE 'ANWMEN 'AUTO; 'ETI
GAR TINA 'ELPIDA 'ECW0 'EKFANHSESQAI TI= POT' 'ESTIN TO KALON.
IP _ PANTW$ DHPOU, 'W* SWKRATE$; 'OUDE-GAR CALEPON 'ESTIN
"EUREIN. 'EGW MEN-'OUN 'EU 'OID' "OTI4, 'EI 'OLIGON CRONON 'EI$ 'ERHMIAN
'ELQWN SKEYAIMHN PRO$ 'EMAUTON, 'AKRIBESTERON 'AN4 'AUTO SOI4
'EIPOIMI TH$ "APASH$ 'AKRIBEIA$.
SW _ 'A* MH MEGA, 'W* "IPPIA, LEGE. "ORA*I$0 "OSA PRAGMATA
"HMIN 'HDH PARESCHKE0; MH-KAI 'ORGISQEN "HMIN 'ETI MALLON
<P 295B>
'APODRA*I2. KAITOI 'OUDEN LEGW0; SU MEN-GAR 'OIMAI "RA\DIW$ 'AUTO
"EURHSEI$, 'EPEIDAN MONO$ GENHI4. 'ALLA= PRO$ QEWN 'EMOU4 'ENANTION
'AUTO 'EXEURE, 'EI DE BOULEI, "WSPER NU*N 'EMOI4 SUZHTEI5; KAI 'EA=N
MEN "EURWMEN, KALLISTA "EXEI2, 'EI DE MH, STERXW2 'OIMAI 'EGW THI
'EMHI TUCHI, SU D' 'APELQWN "RA\DIW$ "EURHSEI$; KAI 'EA=N MEN NU*N
"EURWMEN, 'AMELEI5 'OUK 'OCLHRO$ 'ESOMAI SOI4 PUNQANOMENO$ "OTI2
'H*N 'EKEINO "O= KATA SAUTON 'EXHURE$; NU*N DE QEASAI 'AUTO "O= SOI4
<P 295C>
DOKEI0 'EINAI TO KALON. LEGW0 DH 'AUTO 'EINAI % 'ALLA=-GAR 'EPISKOPEI5
MOI PANU PROSECWN TON NOUN MH PARALHRHSW42 % TOUTO
GAR-DH 'ESTW "HMIN KALON, "O= 'AN4 CRHSIMON 'HI. 'EIPON DE 'EK
TWNDE 'ENNOOUMENO$; KALOI, FAMEN, "OI 'OFQALMOI 'EISIN, 'OUC
"OI= 'AN4 DOKWSI TOIOUTOI 'EINAI "OIOI MH DUNATOI "ORAN, 'ALL' "OI= 'AN4
DUNATOI TE-KAI CRHSIMOI PRO$ TO 'IDEIN. 'H*-GAR:
IP _ NAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TO "OLON SWMA "OUTW LEGOMEN KALON
'EINAI, TO MEN PRO$ DROMON, TO DE PRO$ PALHN, KAI 'AU TA
<P 295D>
ZWIA PANTA, "IPPON KALON KAI 'ALEKTRUONA KAI 'ORTUGA, KAI
TA SKEUH PANTA KAI TA 'OCHMATA TA TE PEZA KAI TA 'EN THI
QALATTHI PLOIA TE-KAI TRIHREI$, KAI TA GE 'ORGANA PANTA
TA TE "UPO THI MOUSIKHI KAI TA "UPO TAI$ 'ALLAI$ TECNAI$,
'EI DE BOULEI, TA 'EPITHDEUMATA KAI TOU$ NOMOU$ SCEDON TI
PANTA TAUTA KALA PROSAGOREUOMEN TW*I 'AUTWI TROPWI; 'APOBLEPONTE$
PRO$ "EKASTON 'AUTWN "HI PEFUKEN0, "HI 'EIRGASTAI,
"HI KEITAI, TO MEN CRHSIMON KAI "HI CRHSIMON KAI PRO$ "O= CRHSIMON
<P 295E>
KAI "OPOTE CRHSIMON KALON FAMEN 'EINAI, TO DE TAUTHI
PANTHI 'ACRHSTON 'AISCRON; 'A*R'-'OU-KAI SOI4 DOKEI0 "OUTW$, 'W*
"IPPIA:
IP _ 'EMOIGE.
SW _ 'ORQW$ 'A=RA NU*N LEGOMEN "OTI4 TUGCANEI0 PANTO$ 'ON
MALLON KALON TO CRHSIMON: IP _ 'ORQW$ MENTOI, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TO DUNATON "EKASTON 'APERGAZESQAI, 'EI$
"OPER DUNATON, 'EI$ TOUTO KAI CRHSIMON, TO DE 'ADUNATON
'ACRHSTON: IP _ PANU GE. SW _ DUNAMI$ MEN-'A=RA KALON,
'ADUNAMIA DE 'AISCRON: IP _ SFODRA GE. TA TE-GOUN 'A=LLA,


<P 296A>
'W* SWKRATE$, MARTUREI0 "HMIN "OTI4 TOUTO "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, 'ATAR-'OUN
KAI TA POLITIKA; 'EN GAR TOI$ POLITIKOI$ TE-KAI THI "EAUTOU
POLEI TO MEN DUNATON 'EINAI PANTWN KALLISTON, TO DE 'ADUNATON
PANTWN 'AISCISTON. SW _ 'EU LEGEI$. 'A*R'-'OUN PRO$
QEWN, "IPPIA, DIA= TAUTA KAI "H SOFIA PANTWN KALLISTON, "H
DE 'AMAQIA PANTWN 'AISCISTON: IP _ 'ALLA= TI= 'OIEI, 'W*
SWKRATE$:
SW _ 'ECE DH 'HREMA, 'W* FILE "ETAIRE; "W$ FOBOUMAI TI= POT'
'AU LEGOMEN.
<P 296B>
IP _ TI= D' 'AU FOBHI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EPEI NU*N GE SOI4 "O LOGO$
PAGKALW$ PROBEBHKE0:
SW _ BOULOIMHN 'AN4, 'ALLA= MOI TODE SUNEPISKEYAI; 'A*R' 'AN4
TI$ TI POIHSEIEN "O= MHT' 'EPISTAITO MHTE TO PARAPAN DUNAITO:
IP _ 'OUDAMW$; PW*$ GAR 'AN4 "O= GE MH DUNAITO: SW _ "OI
'OUN 'EXAMARTANONTE$ KAI KAKA 'ERGAZOMENOI TE-KAI POIOUNTE$
'AKONTE$, 'ALLO TI "OUTOI, 'EI MH 'EDUNANTO TAUTA POIEIN, 'OUK 'AN4
POTE 'EPOIOUN: IP _ DHLON DH. SW _ 'ALLA=-MENTOI DUNAMEI
<P 296C>
GE DUNANTAI "OI DUNAMENOI; 'OU-GAR-POU 'ADUNAMIA\ GE. IP _
'OU-DHTA. SW _ DUNANTAI DE-GE PANTE$ POIEIN "OI POIOUNTE$
"A POIOUSIN0: IP _ NAI. SW _ KAKA DE-GE POLU PLEIW
POIOUSIN0 'H= 'AGAQA PANTE$ 'ANQRWPOI, 'ARXAMENOI 'EK PAIDWN,
KAI 'EXAMARTANOUSIN0 'AKONTE$. IP _ 'ESTI TAUTA. SW _ TI=
'OUN: TAUTHN THN DUNAMIN KAI TAUTA TA CRHSIMA, "A 'AN4 'HI 'EPI
TO KAKON TI 'ERGAZESQAI CRHSIMA, 'A*RA FHSOMEN TAUTA 'EINAI
<P 296D>
KALA, 'H= POLLOU DEI: IP _ POLLOU, 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA, 'W* "IPPIA, TO DUNATON TE-KAI TO
CRHSIMON "HMIN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'ESTI TO KALON.
IP _ 'EA=N GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'AGAQA DUNHTAI KAI 'EPI TOIAUTA
CRHSIMON 'HI.
SW _ 'EKEINO MEN-TOINUN 'OICETAI, TO DUNATON TE-KAI CRHSIMON
"APLW$ 'EINAI KALON; 'ALL'-'A=RA TOUT' 'H*N 'EKEINO, 'W* "IPPIA,
"O= 'EBOULETO "HMWN "H YUCH 'EIPEIN, "OTI4 TO CRHSIMON TE-KAI
TO DUNATON 'EPI TO 'AGAQON TI POIHSAI0, TOUT' 'ESTI TO
<P 296E>
KALON: IP _ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0. SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN TOUTO GE
'WFELIMON 'ESTIN. 'H= 'OU=: IP _ PANU GE. SW _ "OUTW DH-KAI
TA KALA SWMATA KAI TA KALA NOMIMA KAI "H SOFIA KAI
"A NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN PANTA KALA 'ESTIN, "OTI4 'WFELIMA. IP _
DHLON "OTI4. SW _ TO 'WFELIMON 'A=RA 'EOIKEN0 "HMIN 'EINAI TO
KALON, 'W* "IPPIA. IP _ PANTW$ DHPOU, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN TO GE 'WFELIMON TO POIOUN 'AGAQON 'ESTIN.
IP _ 'ESTI GAR. SW _ TO POIOUN DE-G' 'ESTIN 'OUK 'ALLO
TI 'H= TO 'AITION; 'H*-GAR: IP _ "OUTW$. SW _ TOU* 'AGAQOU 'A=RA


<P 297A>
'AITION 'ESTIN TO KALON. IP _ 'ESTI GAR.
SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN TO GE 'AITION, 'W* "IPPIA, KAI "OU 'AN4 'AITION
'HI TO 'AITION, 'ALLO 'ESTIN; 'OU-GAR-POU TO GE 'AITION 'AITIOU
'AITION 'AN4 'EIH. "WDE DE SKOPEI5; 'OU TO 'AITION POIOUN 'EFANH:
IP _ PANU GE. SW _ 'OUKOU*N "UPO TOU* POIOUNTO$ POIEITAI
'OUK 'ALLO TI 'H= TO GIGNOMENON, 'ALL' 'OU TO POIOUN: IP _
'ESTI TAUTA. SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'ALLO TI TO GIGNOMENON, 'ALLO
DE TO POIOUN. IP _ NAI. SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA TO G' 'AITION 'AITION
<P 297B>
'AITIOU 'ESTIN, 'ALLA= TOU* GIGNOMENOU "UF' "EAUTOU. IP _ PANU
GE. SW _ 'EI 'A=RA TO KALON 'ESTIN 'AITION 'AGAQOU, GIGNOIT' 'AN4
"UPO TOU* KALOU TO 'AGAQON; KAI DIA= TAUTA, "W$ 'EOIKE0, SPOUDAZOMEN
KAI THN FRONHSIN KAI 'TALLA PANTA TA KALA, "OTI4
TO 'ERGON 'AUTWN KAI TO 'EKGONON SPOUDASTON 'ESTI, TO 'AGAQON,
KAI KINDUNEUEI0 'EX "WN "EURISKOMEN 'EN PATRO$ TINO$ 'IDEA\ 'EINAI
TO KALON TOU* 'AGAQOU. IP _ PANU MEN-'OUN; KALW$ GAR
LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TODE KALW$ LEGW0, "OTI4 'OUTE "O PATHR "UO$
<P 297C>
'ESTIN, 'OUTE "O "UO$ PATHR: IP _ KALW$ MENTOI. SW _ 'OUDE-GE
TO 'AITION GIGNOMENON 'ESTIN, 'OUDE TO GIGNOMENON 'AU 'AITION.
IP _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$. SW _ MA DI=A, 'W* 'ARISTE, 'OUDE-'A=RA
TO KALON 'AGAQON 'ESTIN, 'OUDE TO 'AGAQON KALON; 'H= DOKEI0 SOI4
"OION-TE-'EINAI 'EK TWN PROEIRHMENWN: IP _ 'OU MA TON DI=A
'OU MOI FAINETAI.
SW _ 'ARESKEI0 'OUN "HMIN KAI 'EQELOIMEN 'AN4 LEGEIN "W$ TO
KALON 'OUK 'AGAQON 'OUDE TO 'AGAQON KALON:
IP _ 'OU MA TON DI=A, 'OU PANU MOI 'ARESKEI0.
SW _ NAI MA TON DI=A, 'W* "IPPIA; 'EMOI4 DE-GE PANTWN
<P 297D>
"HKISTA 'ARESKEI0 "WN 'EIRHKAMEN LOGWN.
IP _ 'EOIKE0 GAR "OUTW$.
SW _ KINDUNEUEI0 'A=RA "HMIN, 'OUC "WSPER 'ARTI 'EFAINETO KALLISTO$
'EINAI TWN LOGWN TO 'WFELIMON KAI TO CRHSIMON TE-KAI
TO DUNATON 'AGAQON TI POIEIN KALON 'EINAI, 'OUC "OUTW$
'ECEIN, 'ALL', 'EI "OION-TE-'ESTIN, 'EKEINWN 'EINAI GELOIOTERO$ TWN
PRWTWN, 'EN "OI$ THN TE PARQENON 'WIOMEQA 'EINAI TO KALON KAI
"EN "EKASTON TWN 'EMPROSQEN LECQENTWN5.
IP _ 'EOIKEN0.
SW _ KAI 'EGW MEN-GE 'OUK 'ETI 'ECW0, 'W* "IPPIA, "OPOI TRAPWMAI,
'ALL' 'APORW0; SU DE 'ECEI$ TI LEGEIN:
<P 297E>
IP _ 'OUK 'EN GE TW*I PARONTI, 'ALL', "WSPER 'ARTI 'ELEGON,
SKEYAMENO$ 'EU 'OID' "OTI4 "EURHSW2.
SW _ 'ALL' 'EGW MOI DOKW0 "UPO 'EPIQUMIA$ TOU* 'EIDENAI 'OUC
"OIO$-TE SE 'EINAI PERIMENEIN0 MELLONTA; KAI-GAR-'OUN-DH TI
KAI 'OIMAI 'ARTI 'HUPORHKENAI. "ORA GAR; 'EI "O= 'AN4 CAIREIN "HMA$
POIHI5, MHTI PASA$ TA$ "HDONA$, 'ALL' "O= 'AN4 DIA= TH$ 'AKOH$ KAI
TH$ 'OYEW$, TOUTO FAIMEN 'EINAI KALON, PW*$ TI 'A=R' 'AN4 'AGWNIZOIMEQA:


<P 298A>
"OI TE-GE-POU KALOI 'ANQRWPOI, 'W* "IPPIA, KAI TA
POIKILMATA PANTA KAI TA ZWGRAFHMATA KAI TA PLASMATA
TERPEI0 "HMA$ "ORWNTA$, "A 'AN4 KALA 'HI; KAI "OI FQOGGOI "OI KALOI
KAI "H MOUSIKH SUMPASA KAI "OI LOGOI KAI "AI MUQOLOGIAI
'TAUTON TOUTO 'ERGAZONTAI, "WST' 'EI 'APOKRINAIMEQA TW*I QRASEI
'EKEINWI 'ANQRWPWI "OTI4 'W* GENNAIE, TO KALON 'ESTI TO DI' 'AKOH$
TE-KAI DI' 'OYEW$ "HDU, 'OUK 'AN4 'OIEI 'AUTON TOU* QRASOU$
'EPISCOIMEN:
IP _ 'EMOI4 GOUN DOKEI0 NU*N GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EU LEGESQAI
<P 298B>
TO KALON "O= 'ESTIN.
SW _ TI= D': 'A*RA TA 'EPITHDEUMATA TA KALA KAI TOU$ NOMOU$,
'W* "IPPIA, DI' 'AKOH$ 'H= DI' 'OYEW$ FHSOMEN "HDEA 'ONTA
KALA 'EINAI, 'H= 'ALLO TI 'EIDO$ 'ECEIN:
IP _ TAUTA D' 'ISW$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'KAN4 PARALAQOI TON
'ANQRWPON.
SW _ MA TON KUNA, 'W* "IPPIA, 'OUC "ON G' 'AN4 'EGW MALISTA
'AISCUNOIMHN LHRWN KAI PROSPOIOUMENO$ TI LEGEIN MHDEN
LEGWN.
IP _ TI=NA TOUTON:
SW _ TON SWFRONISKOU, "O$ 'EMOI4 'OUDEN 'AN4 MALLON TAUTA
<P 298C>
'EPITREPOI 'ANEREUNHTA 'ONTA "RA\DIW$ LEGEIN 'H= "W$ 'EIDOTA "A MH
'OIDA.
IP _ 'ALLA=-MHN 'EMOIGE KAI 'AUTWI, 'EPEIDH SU 'EIPE$, DOKEI0
TI 'ALLO 'EINAI TOUTO TO PERI= TOU$ NOMOU$.
SW _ 'EC' "HSUCHI, 'W* "IPPIA; KINDUNEUOMEN GAR-TOI, 'EN THI
'AUTHI 'EMPEPTWKOTE$ 'APORIA\ PERI= TOU* KALOU 'EN "HIPER NUNDH,
'OIESQAI 'EN 'ALLHI TINI 'EUPORIA\ 'EINAI.
IP _ PW*$ TOUTO LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW _ 'EGW SOI4 FRASW2 "O= G' 'EMOI4 KATAFAINETAI, 'EI 'A=RA TI
<P 298D>
LEGW0. TAUTA MEN-GAR TA PERI= TOU$ NOMOU$ TE-KAI TA 'EPITHDEUMATA
TAC' 'AN4 FANEIH 'OUK 'EKTO$ 'ONTA TH$ 'AISQHSEW$ "H=
DIA= TH$ 'AKOH$ TE-KAI 'OYEW$ "HMIN 'OUSA TUGCANEI0; 'ALL'
"UPOMEINWMEN TOUTON TON LOGON, TO DIA= TOUTWN "HDU KALON
'EINAI, MHDEN TO TWN NOMWN 'EI$ MESON PARAGONTE$. 'ALL' 'EI
"HMA$ 'EROITO 'EITE "OUTO$ "ON LEGW0, 'EITE 'ALLO$ "OSTISOUN; TI=
DH, 'W* "IPPIA TE-KAI SWKRATE$, 'AFWRISATE TOU* "HDEO$ TO
TAUTHI "HDU "HI LEGETE0 KALON 'EINAI, TO DE KATA TA$ 'ALLA$
<P 298E>
'AISQHSEI$ SITWN TE-KAI POTWN KAI TWN PERI= 'TAFRODI=SIA KAI
'TALLA PANTA TA TOIAUTA 'OU FATE0 KALA 'EINAI: 'H= 'OUDE "HDEA,
'OUDE "HDONA$ TO PARAPAN 'EN TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ FATE0 'EINAI, 'OUD'
'EN 'ALLWI 'H= TW*I 'IDEIN TE-KAI 'AKOUSAI0: TI= FHSOMEN, 'W* "IPPIA:
IP _ PANTW$ DHPOU FHSOMEN, 'W* SWKRATE$, KAI 'EN TOI$
'ALLOI$ MEGALA$ PANU "HDONA$ 'EINAI.
SW _ TI= 'OUN, FHSEI2, "HDONA$ 'OUSA$ 'OUDEN "HTTON 'H=-KAI
'EKEINA$ 'AFAIREISQE0 TOUTO 'TOUNOMA KAI 'APOSTEREITE0 TOU*


<P 299A>
KALA$ 'EINAI: "OTI4, FHSOMEN, KATAGELWIH 'AN4 "HMWN 'OUDEI$
"OSTI$ 'OU= 'EI FAIMEN MH "HDU 'EINAI FAGEIN, 'ALLA= KALON, KAI
'OZEIN "HDU MH "HDU 'ALLA= KALON; TA DE-POU PERI= TA 'AFRODI=SIA
PANTE$ 'AN4 "HMIN MACOINTO "W$ "HDISTON 'ON, DEIN DE 'AUTO, 'EA=N
TI$ KAI PRATTHI5, "OUTW PRATTEIN "WSTE MHDENA "ORAN, "W$
'AISCISTON 'ON "ORASQAI. TAUTA "HMWN LEGONTWN0, 'W* "IPPIA,
MANQANW0, 'AN4 'ISW$ FAIH, KAI 'EGW "OTI4 PALAI 'AISCUNESQE0
TAUTA$ TA$ "HDONA$ FANAI0 KALA$ 'EINAI, "OTI4 'OU DOKEI0 TOI$
<P 299B>
'ANQRWPOI$; 'ALL' 'EGW 'OU TOUTO 'HRWTWN, "O= DOKEI0 TOI$ POLLOI$
KALON 'EINAI, 'ALL' "OTI2 'ESTIN. 'EROUMEN2 DH 'OIMAI "OPER "UPEQEMEQA,
"OTI4 TOUQ' "HMEI$ GE FAMEN TO MERO$ TOU* "HDEO$, TO
'EPI THI 'OYEI TE-KAI 'AKOHI GIGNOMENON, KALON 'EINAI. 'ALLA=
'ECEI$ 'ETI TI CRHSQAI TW*I LOGWI, 'H= TI KAI 'ALLO 'EROUMEN2, 'W* "IPPIA:
IP _ 'ANAGKH PRO$ GE TA 'EIRHMENA, 'W* SWKRATE$, MH 'A=LL'
'ATTA 'H= TAUTA LEGEIN.
SW _ KALW$ DH LEGETE0, FHSEI2. 'OUKOU*N 'EIPER TO
<P 299C>
DI' 'OYEW$ KAI 'AKOH$ "HDU KALON 'ESTIN, "O= MH TOUTO TUGCANEI0
'ON TWN "HDEWN, DHLON "OTI4 'OUK 'AN4 KALON 'EIH: "OMOLOGHSOMEN:
IP _ NAI.
SW _ 'H*-'OUN TO DI' 'OYEW$ "HDU, FHSEI2, DI' 'OYEW$
KAI 'AKOH$ 'ESTIN "HDU, 'H= TO DI' 'AKOH$ "HDU DI' 'AKOH$ KAI DI'
'OYEW$ 'ESTIN "HDU: 'OUDAMW$, FHSOMEN, TO DIA= TOU* "ETEROU
'ON TOUTO DI' 'AMFOTERWN 'EIH 'AN4 % TOUTO GAR DOKEI$ "HMIN LEGEIN %
'ALL' "HMEI$ 'ELEGOMEN "OTI4 KAI "EKATERON TOUTWN 'AUTO
KAQ' "AUTO TWN "HDEWN KALON 'EIH, KAI 'AMFO=TERA. 'OUC "OUTW$
'APOKRINOUMEQA:
<P 299D>
IP _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN, FHSEI2, "HDU "HDEO$ "OTIOUN "OTOUOUN DIAFEREI0
TOUTWI, TW*I "HDU 'EINAI: MH-GAR 'EI MEIZWN TI$ "HDONH 'H=
'ELATTWN 'H= MALLON 'H= "HTTON 'ESTIN, 'ALL' 'EI TI$ 'AUTWI TOUTWI
DIAFEREI0, TW*I "H MEN "HDONH 'EINAI, "H DE MH "HDONH, TWN "HDONWN:
'OUC "HMIN GE DOKEI0; 'OU-GAR:
IP _ 'OU-GAR-'OUN DOKEI0.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N, FHSEI2, DI' 'ALLO TI 'H= "OTI4 "HDONAI 'EISI
PROEILESQE TAUTA$ TA$ "HDONA$ 'EK TWN 'ALLWN "HDONWN, TOIOUTON
<P 299E>
TI "ORWNTE$ 'EP' 'AMFOIN, "OTI4 'ECOUSI0 TI DIAFORON TWN
'ALLWN, 'EI$ "O= 'APOBLEPONTE$ KALA$ FATE0 'AUTA$ 'EINAI: 'OU-GAR-POU
DIA= TOUTO KALH 'ESTIN "HDONH "H DIA= TH$ 'OYEW$,
"OTI4 DI' 'OYEW$ 'ESTIN; 'EI GAR TOUTO 'AUTHI 'H*N TO 'AITION
KALHI 'EINAI, 'OUK 'AN4 POTE 'H*N "H "ETE=RA, "H DIA= TH$ 'AKOH$,
KALH; 'OU=KOUN 'ESTI GE DI' 'OYEW$ "HDONH. 'ALHQH LEGEI$,
FHSOMEN:
IP _ FHSOMEN GAR.


<P 300A>
SW _ 'OUDE-G' 'AU "H DI' 'AKOH$ "HDONH, "OTI4 DI' 'AKOH$ 'ESTI,
DIA= TAUTA TUGCANEI0 KALH; 'OU-GAR 'AN4 POTE 'AU "H DIA= TH$
'OYEW$ KALH 'H*N; 'OU=KOUN 'ESTI GE DI' 'AKOH$ "HDONH. 'ALHQH
FHSOMEN, 'W* "IPPIA, LEGEIN TON 'ANDRA TAUTA LEGONTA:
IP _ 'ALHQH.
SW _ 'ALLA=-MENTOI 'AMFOTERAI G' 'EISI KALAI, "W$ FATE0.
FAMEN GAR:
IP _ FAMEN.
SW _ 'ECOUSIN0 'A=RA TI TO 'AUTO "O= POIEI0 'AUTA$ KALA$
'EINAI, TO KOINON TOUTO, "O= KAI 'AMFOTERAI$ 'AUTAI$ 'EPESTI KOINHI
<P 300B>
KAI "EKATERA\ 'IDIA\; 'OU-GAR 'AN4 POU 'ALLW$ 'AMFOTERAI GE KALAI
'HSAN KAI "EKATE=RA. 'APOKRINOU 'EMOI4 "W$ 'EKEINWI.
IP _ 'APOKRINOMAI, KAI 'EMOI4 DOKEI0 'ECEIN "W$ LEGEI$.
SW _ 'EI 'A=RA TI "AUTAI "AI "HDONAI 'AMFOTERAI PEPONQASIN,
"EKATE=RA DE MH, 'OUK 'AN4 TOUTWI GE TW*I PAQHMATI 'EIEN KALAI.
IP _ KAI PW*$ 'AN4 'EIH TOUTO, 'W* SWKRATE$, MHDETERA$ PEPONQUIA$
TI TWN 'ONTWN0 "OTIOUN, 'EPEITA TOUTO TO PAQO$, "O=
MHDETE=RA PEPONQEN0, 'AMFOTERA$ PEPONQENAI:
<P 300C>
SW _ 'OU DOKEI0 SOI4:
IP _ POLLH GAR 'AN4 M' 'ECOI 'APEIRIA KAI TH$ TOUTWN
FUSEW$ KAI TH$ TWN PARONTWN0 LEXEW$ LOGWN.
SW _ "HDEW$ GE, 'W* "IPPIA. 'ALLA=-GAR 'EGW 'ISW$ KINDUNEUW0
DOKEIN MEN TI "ORAN "OUTW$ 'ECON "W$ SU FH=I$ 'ADUNATON
'EINAI, "ORW0 D' 'OUDEN.
IP _ 'OU KINDUNEUEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALLA= PANU "ETOIMW$
PARORA*I$0.
SW _ KAI-MHN POLLA GE MOI PROFAINETAI TOIAUTA PRO
TH$ YUCH$, 'ALLA= 'APISTW0 'AUTOI$, "OTI4 SOI4 MEN 'OU FANTAZETAI,
<P 300D>
'ANDRI PLEISTON 'ARGURION 'EIRGASMENWI TWN NU*N 'EPI SOFIA\,
'EMOI4 DE, "O$ 'OUDEN PWPOTE 'HRGASAMHN. KAI 'ENQUMOUMAI, 'W*
"ETAIRE, MH PAIZHI$ PRO$ ME KAI "EKWN 'EXAPATA*I$2; "OUTW$ MOI
SFO=DRA KAI POLLA FAINETAI.
IP _ 'OUDEI$ SOU4, 'W* SWKRATE$, KALLION 'EISETAI 'EITE PAIZW0
'EITE MH, 'EA=N 'EPICEIRHSHI$ LEGEIN TA PROFAINOMENA SOI4 TAUTA;
FANHSHI2 GAR 'OUDEN LEGWN. 'OU-GAR MHPOTE "EURHI$, "O= MHT'
'EGW PEPONQA MHTE SU, TOUT' 'AMFOTEROU$ "HMA$ PEPONQOTA$.
<P 300E>
SW _ PW*$ LEGEI$, 'W* "IPPIA: 'ISW$ MEN TI LEGEI$, 'EGW D' 'OU
MANQANW0; 'ALLA= MOU SAFESTERON 'AKOUSON2 "O= BOULOMAI LEGEIN.
'EMOI4 GAR FAINETAI, "O= MHT' 'EGW PEPONQA 'EINAI MHT' 'EIMI MHD'
'AU SU 'EI* TOUTO 'AMFOTEROU$ PEPONQENAI "HMA$ "OION-T'-'EINAI;
"E=TERA D' 'AU, "A 'AMFOTEROI PEPONQAMEN 'EINAI, TAUTA 'OUDETERON
'EINAI "HMWN.
IP _ TERATA 'AU 'APOKRINOMENWI 'EOIKA$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ETI
MEIZW 'H= 'OLIGON PROTERON 'APEKRINW. SKOPEI5 GAR; POTERON
'EI 'AMFOTEROI DIKAIOI 'ESMEN, 'OU-KAI "EKATERO$ "HMWN 'EIH 'AN4,
'H= 'EI 'ADIKO$ "EKATERO$, 'OU-KAI 'AMFOTEROI, 'H= 'EI "UGIAINONTE$,


<P 301A>
'OU-KAI "EKATERO$: 'H= 'EI KEKMHKW$ TI 'H= TETRWMENO$ 'H= PEPLHGMENO$
'H= 'A=LL' "OTIOUN PEPONQW$ "EKATERO$ "HMWN 'EIH, 'OU-KAI
'AMFOTEROI 'AU 'AN4 TOUTO PEPONQOIMEN: 'ETI TOINUN 'EI CRUSOI 'H=
'ARGUROI 'H= 'ELEFANTINOI, 'EI DE BOULEI, GENNAIOI 'H= SOFOI
'H= TIMIOI 'H= GERONTE$ GE 'H= NEOI 'H= 'ALLO "OTI2 BOULEI TWN
'EN 'ANQRWPOI$ 'AMFOTEROI TUCOIMEN 'ONTE$, 'A*R' 'OU MEGALH
'ANAGKH KAI "EKATERON "HMWN TOUTO 'EINAI:
<P 301B>
SW _ PANTW$ GE-DHPOU.
IP _ 'ALLA=-GAR-DH SU, 'W* SWKRATE$, TA MEN "OLA TWN
PRAGMATWN 'OU SKOPEI$, 'OUD' 'EKEINOI "OI$ SU 'EIWQA$ DIALEGESQAI,
KROUETE0 DE 'APOLAMBANONTE$ TO KALON KAI "EKASTON
TWN 'ONTWN0 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$ KATATEMNONTE$. DIA= TAUTA "OUTW
MEGALA "UMA$ LANQANEI0 KAI DIANEKH SWMATA TH$ 'OUSIA$ PEFUKOTA.
KAI NU*N TOSOUTON SE LELHQEN0, "WSTE 'OIEI 'EINAI TI
'H= PAQO$ 'H= 'OUSIAN, "H= PERI= MEN 'AMFO=TERA TAUTA 'ESTIN "AMA,
<P 301C>
PERI= DE "EKATERON 'OU=, 'H= 'AU PERI= MEN "EKATERON, PERI= DE 'AMFO=TERA
'OU=; "OUTW$ 'ALOGISTW$ KAI 'ASKEPTW$ KAI 'EUHQW$ KAI
'ADIANOHTW$ DIAKEISQE0.
SW _ TOIAUTA, 'W* "IPPIA, TA "HME=TERA 'ESTIN, 'OUC "OI*A
BOULETAI TI$, FASIN0 'ANQRWPOI "EKASTOTE PAROIMIAZOMENOI,
'ALL' "OI*A DUNATAI; 'ALLA= SU "HMA$ 'ONINH$ 'AEI NOUQETWN. 'EPEI
KAI NU*N PRIN "UPO SOU4 TAUTA NOUQETHQHNAI, "W$ 'EUHQW$ DIEKEIMEQA,
'ETI SOI4 MALLON 'EGW 'EPIDEIXW42 'EIPWN "A DIENOOUMEQA
<P 301D>
PERI= 'AUTWN, 'H= MH 'EIPW:
IP _ 'EIDOTI MEN 'EREI$2, 'W* SWKRATE$; 'OIDA GAR "EKASTOU$
TWN PERI= TOU$ LOGOU$ "W$ DIAKEINTAI. "OMW$ D' 'EI TI SOI4
"HDION, LEGE.
SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN "HDION GE. "HMEI$ GAR, 'W* BELTISTE, "OUTW$
'ABELTEROI 'HMEN, PRIN SE TAUT' 'EIPEIN, "WSTE DOXAN 'EICOMEN
PERI= 'EMOU4 TE-KAI SOU4 "W$ "EKATERO$ "HMWN "EI$ 'ESTI, TOUTO DE
"O= "EKATERO$ "HMWN 'EIH 'OUK 'A=RA 'EIMEN 'AMFOTEROI % 'OU-GAR "EI$
'ESMEN, 'ALLA= DUO % "OUTW$ 'EUHQIKW$ 'EICOMEN; NU*N DE PARA
<P 301E>
SOU4 'HDH 'ANEDIDACQHMEN "OTI4 'EI MEN DUO 'AMFOTEROI 'ESMEN,
DUO KAI "EKATERON "HMWN 'ANAGKH 'EINAI, 'EI DE "EI$ "EKATERO$,
"ENA KAI 'AMFOTEROU$ 'ANAGKH; 'OU-GAR "OION-TE DIANEKEI LOGWI
TH$ 'OUSIA$ KATA "IPPIAN 'ALLW$ 'ECEIN, 'ALL' "O= 'AN4 'AMFO=TERA
'HI, TOUTO KAI "EKATERON, KAI "O= "EKATERON, 'AMFO=TERA 'EINAI.
PEPEISMENO$ DH NU*N 'EGW "UPO SOU4 'ENQADE KAQHMAI. PROTERON
MENTOI, 'W* "IPPIA, "UPOMNHSON2 ME; POTERON "EI$ 'ESMEN 'EGW TE-KAI
SU, 'H= SU TE DUO 'EI* 'KAGW DUO:
IP _ TI= LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW _ TAUTA "APER LEGW0; FOBOUMAI GAR SE SAFW$ LEGEIN,


<P 302A>
"OTI4 MOI CALEPAINEI$, 'EPEIDAN TI DOXHI$ SAUTWI LEGEIN. "OMW$
D' 'ETI MOI 'EIPE=; 'OUC "EI$ "HMWN "EKATERO$ 'ESTI KAI PEPONQE0
TOUTO, "EI$ 'EINAI: IP _ PANU GE. SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EIPER "EI$,
KAI PERITTO$ 'AN4 'EIH "EKATERO$ "HMWN; 'H= 'OU TO "EN PERITTON
"HGHI0: IP _ 'EGWGE. SW _ 'H*-KAI 'AMFOTEROI 'OUN PERITTOI
'ESMEN DUO 'ONTE$: IP _ 'OUK 'AN4 'EIH, 'W* SWKRATE$. SW _
'ALL' 'ARTIOI GE 'AMFOTEROI; 'H*-GAR: IP _ PANU GE. SW _
MWN 'OUN, "OTI4 'AMFOTEROI 'ARTIOI, TOUTOU "ENEKA KAI "EKATERO$
<P 302B>
'ARTIO$ "HMWN 'ESTIN: IP _ 'OU-DHTA. SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA PASA
'ANAGKH, "W$ NUNDH 'ELEGE$, "A 'AN4 'AMFOTEROI KAI "EKATERON, KAI
"A 'AN4 "EKATERO$ KAI 'AMFOTEROU$ 'EINAI.
IP _ 'OU TA GE TOIAUTA, 'ALL' "OI*A 'EGW PROTERON 'ELEGON.
SW _ 'EXARKEI0, 'W* "IPPIA; 'AGAPHTA GAR-KAI TAUTA, 'EPEIDH
TA MEN "OUTW FAINETAI, TA D' 'OUC "OUTW$ 'ECONTA. KAI-GAR
'EGW 'ELEGON, 'EI MEMNHSAI "OQEN "OUTO$ "O LOGO$ 'ELECQH, "OTI4
"H DIA= TH$ 'OYEW$ KAI 'AKOH$ "HDONH 'OU TOUTWI 'EIEN KALAI,
<P 302C>
"OTI2 TUGCANOIEN "EKATE=RA MEN 'AUTWN 'EINAI PEPONQUIA, 'AMFOTERAI
DE MH, 'H= 'AMFOTERAI MEN, "EKATE=RA DE MH, 'ALL' 'EKEINWI
"WI 'AMFOTERAI TE-KAI "EKATE=RA DIOTI SUNECWREI$ 'AMFOTERA$
TE 'AUTA$ 'EINAI KALA$ KAI "EKATERAN. TOUTOU DH "ENEKA THI
'OUSIA\ THI 'EP' 'AMFO=TERA "EPOMENHI 'WIMHN, 'EIPER 'AMFO=TERA 'ESTI
KALA, TAUTHI DEIN 'AUTA KALA 'EINAI, THI DE KATA TA "E=TERA
'APOLEIPOMENHI MH; KAI 'ETI NU*N 'OIOMAI. 'ALLA= MOI LEGE,
"WSPER 'EX 'ARCH$; "H DI' 'OYEW$ "HDONH KAI "H DI' 'AKOH$ 'EIPER
<P 302D>
'AMFOTERAI T' 'EISI KALAI KAI "EKATE=RA, 'A*RA-KAI "O= POIEI0 'AUTA$
KALA$ 'OUCI KAI 'AMFOTERAI$ GE 'AUTAI$ "EPETAI KAI "EKATERA\:
IP _ PANU GE. SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN "OTI4 "HDONH "EKATE=RA T' 'ESTI
KAI 'AMFOTERAI, DIA= TOUTO 'AN4 'EIEN KALAI: 'H= DIA= TOUTO MEN-KAI
"AI 'ALLAI PASAI 'AN4 'OUDEN TOUTWN "HTTON 'EIEN KALAI: 'OUDEN
GAR "HTTON "HDONAI 'EFANHSAN 'OUSAI, 'EI MEMNHSAI. IP _
MEMNHMAI. SW _ 'ALL' "OTI4 GE DI' 'OYEW$ KAI 'AKOH$ "AUTAI
<P 302E>
'EISI, DIA= TOUTO 'ELEGETO KALA$ 'AUTA$ 'EINAI. IP _ KAI 'ERRHQH
"OUTW$.
SW _ SKOPEI5 DE 'EI 'ALHQH LEGW0. 'ELEGETO GAR, "W$ 'EGW
MNHMH$ 'ECW0, TOUT' 'EINAI KALON TO "HDU, 'OU PAN, 'ALL' "O= 'AN4
DI' 'OYEW$ KAI 'AKOH$ 'HI. IP _ 'ALHQH. SW _ 'OUKOU*N TOUTO
GE TO PAQO$ 'AMFOTERAI$ MEN "EPETAI "EKATERA\ D' 'OU=: 'OU-GAR-POU
"EKATERON GE 'AUTWN, "OPER 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN 'ELEGETO, DI'
'AMFOTERWN 'ESTIN, 'ALL' 'AMFO=TERA MEN DI' 'AMFOIN, "EKATERON
D' 'OU=; 'ESTI TAUTA: IP _ 'ESTIN. SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA TOUTWI GE
"EKATERON 'AUTWN 'ESTI KALON, "O= MH "EPETAI "EKATERWI % TO GAR
'AMFOTERON "EKATERWI 'OUC "EPETAI % "WSTE 'AMFO=TERA MEN 'AUTA
FANAI0 KALA KATA THN "UPOQESIN 'EXESTIN, "EKATERON DE 'OUK


<P 303A>
'EXESTIN; 'H= PW*$ LEGOMEN: 'OUK 'ANAGKH: IP _ FAINETAI.
SW _ FWMEN 'OUN 'AMFO=TERA MEN KALA 'EINAI, "EKATERON DE MH
FWMEN: IP _ TI= GAR KWLUEI0:
SW _ TODE 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'W* FILE, KWLUEIN, "OTI4 'H*N POU
"HMIN TA MEN "OUTW$ 'EPIGIGNOMENA "EKASTOI$, 'EIPER 'AMFOTEROI$
'EPIGIGNOITO, KAI "EKATERWI, KAI 'EIPER "EKATERWI, KAI 'AMFOTEROI$,
"APANTA "OSA SU DIHLQE$; 'H*-GAR:
IP _ NAI.
SW _ "A DE-GE 'AU 'EGW DIHLQON, 'OU=; "WN DH 'H*N KAI 'AUTO
TO "EKATERON KAI TO 'AMFOTERON. 'ESTIN "OUTW$:
IP _ 'ESTIN.
<P 303B>
SW _ POTERWN 'OUN, 'W* "IPPIA, DOKEI0 SOI4 TO KALON 'EINAI:
POTERON "WN SU 'ELEGE$; 'EIPER 'EGW 'ISCURO$ KAI SU, KAI 'AMFOTEROI,
KAI 'EIPER 'EGW DIKAIO$ KAI SU, KAI 'AMFOTEROI, KAI
'EIPER 'AMFOTEROI, KAI "EKATERO$; "OUTW DH-KAI 'EIPER 'EGW KALO$
KAI SU, KAI 'AMFOTEROI, KAI 'EIPER 'AMFOTEROI, KAI "EKATERO$:
'H= 'OUDEN KWLUEI0, "WSPER 'ARTIWN 'ONTWN0 TINWN 'AMFOTERWN TACA
MEN "EKA=TERA PERITTA 'EINAI, TACA D' 'A=RTIA, KAI 'AU 'ARRHTWN
"EKATERWN 'ONTWN0 TACA MEN "RHTA TA SUNAMFO=TERA 'EINAI, TACA
<P 303C>
D' 'ARRHTA, KAI 'A=LLA MURIA TOIAUTA "A DH-KAI 'EGW 'EFHN 'EMOI4
PROFAINESQAI: POTERWN DH TIQEI*$ TO KALON: 'H= "WSPER 'EMOI4
PERI= 'AUTOU4 KATAFAINETAI, KAI SOI4: POLLH GAR 'ALOGIA 'EMOIGE
DOKEI0 'EINAI 'AMFOTEROU$ MEN "HMA$ 'EINAI KALOU$, "EKATERON DE
MH, 'H= "EKATERON MEN, 'AMFOTEROU$ DE MH, 'H= 'ALLO "OTIOUN TWN
TOIOUTWN. "OUTW$ "AIRHI0, "WSPER 'EGW, 'H= 'KEINW$:
IP _ "OUTW$ 'EGWGE, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'EU GE SU POIWN, 'W* "IPPIA, "INA KAI 'APALLAGWMEN
<P 303D>
PLEIONO$ ZHTHSEW$; 'EI GAR TOUTWN G' 'ESTI TO KALON, 'OUK
'AN4 'ETI 'EIH TO DI' 'OYEW$ KAI 'AKOH$ "HDU KALON. 'AMFO=TERA
MEN-GAR POIEI0 KALA TO DI' 'OYEW$ KAI 'AKOH$, "EKATERON D' 'OU=;
TOUTO D' 'H*N 'ADUNATON, "W$ 'EGW TE-KAI SU DH "OMOLOGOUMEN,
'W* "IPPIA.
IP _ "OMOLOGOUMEN GAR.
SW _ 'ADUNATON 'A=RA TO DI' 'OYEW$ KAI 'AKOH$ "HDU KALON
'EINAI, 'EPEIDH GE KALON GIGNOMENON TWN 'ADUNATWN TI
PARECETAI.
IP _ 'ESTI TAUTA.
SW _ LEGETE3 DH PALIN, FHSEI2, 'EX 'ARCH$, 'EPEIDH
<P 303E>
TOUTOU DIHMARTETE; TI= FATE0 'EINAI TOUTO TO KALON TO 'EP'
'AMFOTERAI$ TAI$ "HDONAI$, DI' "OTI2 TAUTA$ PRO TWN 'ALLWN
TIMHSANTE$ KALA$ 'WNOMASATE: 'ANAGKH DH MOI DOKEI0 'EINAI,
'W* "IPPIA, LEGEIN "OTI4 'ASINESTATAI "AUTAI TWN "HDONWN 'EISI
KAI BELTISTAI, KAI 'AMFOTERAI KAI "EKATE=RA; 'H= SU TI 'ECEI$
LEGEIN 'ALLO "WI DIAFEROUSI0 TWN 'ALLWN:
IP _ 'OUDAMW$; TW*I-'ONTI GAR BELTISTAI 'EISIN.
SW _ TOUT' 'A=RA, FHSEI2, LEGETE0 DH TO KALON 'EINAI,
"HDONHN 'WFELIMON: 'EOIKAMEN, FHSW2 'EGWGE; SU DE:
IP _ KAI 'EGW.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'WFELIMON, FHSEI2, TO POIOUN 'TAGAQON,
TO DE POIOUN KAI TO POIOUMENON "ETERON NUNDH 'EFANH, KAI 'EI$
TON PROTERON LOGON "HKEI0 "UMIN "O LOGO$: 'OUTE-GAR TO 'AGAQON 'AN4


<P 304A>
'EIH KALON 'OUTE TO KALON 'AGAQON, 'EIPER 'ALLO 'AUTWN "EKATERON
'ESTI. PANTO$ GE MALLON, FHSOMEN, 'W* "IPPIA, 'AN2 SWFRONWMEN;
'OU-GAR-POU QEMI$ TW*I 'ORQW$ LEGONTI MH SUGCWREIN.
IP _ 'ALLA=-DH-G', 'W* SWKRATE$, TI= 'OIEI TAUTA 'EINAI SUNAPANTA:
KNHSMATA TOI 'ESTI KAI PERITMHMATA TWN LOGWN,
"OPER 'ARTI 'ELEGON, KATA BRACU DIHIRHMENA; 'ALL' 'EKEINO KAI
KALON KAI POLLOU 'AXION, "OION-T'-'EINAI 'EU KAI KALW$ LOGON
KATASTHSAMENON 'EN DIKASTHRIWI 'H= 'EN BOULEUTHRIWI 'H= 'EPI 'ALLHI
<P 304B>
TINI 'ARCHI, PRO$ "HN 'AN4 "O LOGO$ 'HI, PEISANTA 'OICESQAI FERONTA
'OU TA SMIKROTATA 'ALLA= TA MEGISTA TWN 'AQLWN, SWTHRIAN
"AUTOU TE-KAI TWN "AUTOU CRHMATWN KAI FILWN. TOUTWN 'OUN
CRH 'ANTECESQAI, CAIREIN 'EASANTA TA$ SMIKROLOGIA$ TAUTA$,
"INA MH DOKHI5 LIAN 'ANOHTO$ 'EINAI LHROU$ KAI FLUARIA$ "WSPER
NU*N METACEIRIZOMENO$.
SW _ 'W* "IPPIA FILE, SU MEN MAKARIO$ 'EI* "OTI4 TE 'OISQA
"A CRH 'EPITHDEUEIN 'ANQRWPON, KAI 'EPITETHDEUKA$ "IKANW$, "W$
<P 304C>
FH=I$; 'EME DE DAIMONI=A TI$ TUCH, "W$ 'EOIKE0, KATECEI0, "OSTI$
PLANWMAI0 MEN-KAI 'APORW0 'AEI, 'EPIDEIKNU$ DE THN 'EMAUTOU
'APORIAN "UMIN TOI$ SOFOI$ LOGWI 'AU "UPO "UMWN PROPHLAKIZOMAI,
'EPEIDAN 'EPIDEIXW4. LEGETE0 GAR ME, "APER KAI SU NU*N
LEGEI$, "W$ 'HLI=QIA TE-KAI SMIKRA KAI 'OUDENO$ 'A=XIA PRAGMATEUOMAI;
'EPEIDAN DE 'AU 'ANAPEISQEI$ "UPO "UMWN LEGW3 "APER
"UMEI$, "W$ POLU KRATISTON 'ESTIN "OION-T'-'EINAI LOGON 'EU KAI
KALW$ KATASTHSAMENON PERAINEIN 'EN DIKASTHRIWI 'H= 'EN 'ALLWI
<P 304D>
TINI SULLOGWI "UPO TE 'ALLWN TINWN TWN 'ENQADE KAI "UPO
TOUTOU TOU* 'ANQRWPOU TOU* 'AEI ME 'ELEGCONTO$ PANTA KAKA
'AKOUW0. KAI-GAR MOI TUGCANEI0 'EGGUTATA GENOU$ 'WN KAI 'EN
TW*I 'AUTWI 'OIKWN; 'EPEIDAN 'OUN 'EISELQW 'OIKADE 'EI$ 'EMAUTOU
KAI MOU 'AKOUSHI6 TAUTA LEGONTO$, 'ERWTA*I0 'EI 'OUK 'AISCUNOMAI
TOLMWN PERI= KALWN 'EPITHDEUMATWN DIALEGESQAI, "OUTW FANERW$
'EXELEGCOMENO$ PERI= TOU* KALOU "OTI4 'OUD' 'AUTO TOUTO "OTI2
POTE 'ESTIN 'OIDA. KAITOI PW*$ SU 'EISHI, FHSIN, 'H= LOGON
<P 304E>
"OSTI$ KALW$ KATESTHSATO 'H= MH, 'H= 'ALLHN PRAXIN "HNTINOUN,
TO KALON 'AGNOWN: KAI "OPOTE "OUTW DIAKEISAI, 'OIEI SOI4 KREITTON
'EINAI ZHN MALLON 'H= TEQNANAI: SUMBEBHKE0 DH MOI, "OPER
LEGW0, KAKW$ MEN "UPO "UMWN 'AKOUEIN KAI 'ONEIDIZESQAI, KAKW$
DE "UP' 'EKEINOU. 'ALLA=-GAR 'ISW$ 'ANAGKAION "UPOMENEIN0 TAUTA
PANTA; 'OUDEN GAR 'ATOPON 'EI 'WFELOIMHN. 'EGW 'OUN MOI DOKW0,
'W* "IPPIA, 'WFELHSQAI 'APO TH$ 'AMFOTERWN "UMWN "OMILIA$; THN
GAR PAROIMIAN "OTI2 POTE LEGEI0, TO CALEPA TA KALA, DOKW0
MOI 'EIDENAI.


<B LUS>


<P 203A>
'EPOREUOMHN MEN 'EX 'AKADHMEIA$ 'EUQU LUKEIOU THN 'EXW
TEICOU$ "UP' 'AUTO TO TEICO$; 'EPEIDH D' 'EGENOMHN KATA THN
PULIDA "HI "H PANOPO$ KRHNH, 'ENTAUQA SUNETUCON "IPPOQALEI TE
TW*I "IERWNUMOU KAI KTHSIPPWI TW*I PAIANIEI KAI 'ALLOI$ META
TOUTWN NEANISKOI$ "AQROOI$ SUNESTWSI. KAI ME PROSIONTA "O
"IPPOQALH$ 'IDWN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EFH, POI* DH POREUHI0 KAI
<P 203B>
PO=QEN:
'EX 'AKADHMEIA$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, POREUOMAI 'EUQU LUKEIOU.
DEURO DH, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'EUQU "HMWN. 'OU PARABALLEI$: 'AXION
MENTOI.
POI*, 'EFHN 'EGW, LEGEI$, KAI PARA TI=NA$ TOU$ "UMA$:
DEURO, 'EFH, DEIXA$ MOI 'EN TW*I KATANTIKRU TOU* TEICOU$ PERIBOLON
TE TINA KAI QURAN 'ANEWIGMENHN. DIATRIBOMEN DE, 'H*-D'-"O$,
'AUTOQI "HMEI$ TE 'AUTOI KAI 'ALLOI PANU POLLOI KAI KALOI.


<P 204A>
'ESTIN DE-DH TI= TOUTO, KAI TI=$ "H DIATRIBH:
PALAISTRA, 'EFH, NEWSTI 'WIKODOMHMENH; "H DE DIATRIBH TA
POLLA 'EN LOGOI$, "WN "HDEW$ 'AN4 SOI4 METADIDOIMEN.
KALW$ GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, POIOUNTE$; DIDASKEI0 DE TI=$ 'AUTOQI:
SO$ "ETAIRO$ GE, 'H*-D'-"O$, KAI 'EPAINETH$, MIKKO$.
MA DI=A, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OU FAULO$ GE "ANHR, 'ALL' "IKANO$
SOFISTH$.
BOULEI 'OUN "EPESQAI, 'EFH, "INA KAI 'IDHI$ TOU$ 'ONTA$ 'AUTOQI
'AUTOU82:
<P 204B>
PRWTON "HDEW$ 'AKOUSAIM' 'AN4 'EPI TW*I2 KAI 'EISEIMI KAI TI=$ "O
KALO$.
'ALLO$, 'EFH, 'ALLWI "HMWN DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SOI4 DE-DH TI=$, 'W* "IPPOQALE$: TOUTO MOI 'EIPE=.
KAI "O$ 'ERWTHQEI$ 'HRUQRIASEN. KAI 'EGW 'EIPON; 'W* PAI
"IERWNUMOU "IPPOQALE$, TOUTO MEN MHKETI 'EIPHI$, 'EITE 'ERA*I$0 TOU
'EITE MH; 'OIDA GAR "OTI4 'OU MONON 'ERA*I$0, 'ALLA=-KAI PORRW 'HDH 'EI*
POREUOMENO$ TOU* 'ERWTO$. 'EIMI D' 'EGW TA MEN 'A=LLA FAULO$
<P 204C>
KAI 'ACRHSTO$, TOUTO DE MOI PW$ 'EK QEOU DEDOTAI, TACU "OIWI-T'-'EINAI
GNWNAI0 'ERWNTA TE-KAI 'ERWMENON.
KAI "O$ 'AKOUSA$ POLU 'ETI MALLON 'HRUQRIASEN. "O 'OUN
KTHSIPPO$, 'ASTEION GE, 'H*-D'-"O$, "OTI4 'ERUQRIA*I$0, 'W* "IPPOQALE$,
KAI 'OKNEI$ 'EIPEIN SWKRATEI 'TOUNOMA; 'EA=N D' "OUTO$ KAI SMIKRON
CRONON SUNDIATRIYHI6 SOI4, PARATAQHSETAI "UPO SOU4 'AKOUWN
QAMA LEGONTO$. "HMWN GOUN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EKKEKWFWKE0 TA
<P 204D>
'WTA KAI 'EMPEPLHKE0 LUSIDO$; 'AN2 MEN-DH-KAI "UPOPIHI6, 'EUMARIA
"HMIN 'ESTIN KAI 'EX "UPNOU 'EGROMENOI$ LUSIDO$ 'OIESQAI 'TOUNOMA
'AKOUEIN. KAI "A MEN KATALOGADHN DIHGEITAI, DEINA 'ONTA, 'OU
PANU TI DEINA 'ESTIN, 'ALL' 'EPEIDAN TA POIHMATA "HMWN 'EPICEIRHSHI6
KATANTLEIN KAI SUGGRAMMATA. KAI "O= 'ESTIN TOUTWN
DEINOTERON, "OTI4 KAI 'A\DEI0 'EI$ TA PAIDIKA FWNHI QAUMASIA\, "HN
"HMA$ DEI 'AKOUONTA$ 'ANECESQAI. NU*N DE 'ERWTWMENO$ "UPO SOU4
'ERUQRIA*I0.
<P 204E>
'ESTIN DE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "O LUSI$ NEO$ TI$, "W$ 'EOIKE0; TEKMAIROMAI
DE, "OTI4 'AKOUSA$ 'TOUNOMA 'OUK 'EGNWN.
'OU-GAR PANU, 'EFH, TI 'AUTOU4 'TOUNOMA LEGOUSIN0, 'ALL' 'ETI
PATROQEN 'EPONOMAZETAI DIA= TO SFODRA TON PATERA GIGNWSKESQAI
'AUTOU4. 'EPEI 'EU 'OID' "OTI4 POLLOU DEI$ TO 'EIDO$ 'AGNOEIN
TOU* PAIDO$; "IKANO$ GAR-KAI 'APO MONOU TOUTOU GIGNWSKESQAI.
LEGESQW, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OUTINO$ 'ESTIN.
DHMOKRATOU$, 'EFH, TOU* 'AIXWNEW$ "O PRESBUTATO$ "UO$.
'EIEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* "IPPOQALE$, "W$ GENNAION KAI NEANIKON
TOUTON TON 'ERWTA PANTACHI 'ANHURE$; KAI MOI 'IQI 'EPIDEIXAI2 "A


<P 205A>
KAI TOISDE 'EPIDEIKNUSAI, "INA 'EIDW3 'EI 'EPISTASAI "A CRH 'ERASTHN
PERI= PAIDIKWN PRO$ 'AUTON 'H= PRO$ 'ALLOU$ LEGEIN.
TOUTWN DE TI, 'EFH, STAQMA*I3, 'W* SWKRATE$, "WN "ODE LEGEI0:
POTERON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI TO 'ERAN 'EXARNO$ 'EI* "OU LEGEI0 "ODE:
'OUK 'EGWGE, 'EFH, 'ALLA= MH POIEIN 'EI$ TA PAIDIKA MHDE
SUGGRAFEIN.
'OUC "UGIAINEI0, 'EFH "O KTHSIPPO$, 'ALLA= LHREI0 TE-KAI
MAINETAI.
KAI 'EGW 'EIPON; 'W* "IPPOQALE$, 'OU TI TWN METRWN DEOMAI
<P 205B>
'AKOUSAI0 'OUDE MELO$ 'EI TI PEPOIHKA$ 'EI$ TON NEANISKON, 'ALLA=
TH$ DIANOIA$, "INA 'EIDW3 TI=NA TROPON PROSFERHI0 PRO$ TA
PAIDIKA.
"ODE DHPOU SOI4, 'EFH, 'EREI2; 'AKRIBW$ GAR 'EPISTATAI KAI
MEMNHTAI, 'EIPER, "W$ LEGEI0, "UP' 'EMOU4 'AEI 'AKOUWN DIATEQRULHTAI.
NH TOU$ QEOU$, 'EFH "O KTHSIPPO$, PANU GE. KAI-GAR
'ESTI KATAGELASTA, 'W* SWKRATE$. TO GAR 'ERASTHN 'ONTA KAI
DIAFERONTW$ TWN 'ALLWN TON NOUN PROSECONTA TW*I PAIDI 'IDION
<P 205C>
MEN MHDEN 'ECEIN LEGEIN "O= 'OUCI 'KAN4 PAI$ 'EIPOI, PW*$ 'OUCI
KATAGELASTON: "A DE "H POLI$ "OLH 'A\DEI0 PERI= DHMOKRATOU$ KAI
LUSIDO$ TOU* PAPPOU TOU* PAIDO$ KAI PANTWN PE=RI TWN PROGONWN,
PLOUTOU$ TE-KAI "IPPOTROFIA$ KAI NIKA$ PUQOI KAI
'ISQMOI KAI NEMEA\ TEQRIPPOI$ TE-KAI KELHSI, TAUTA POIEI0 TE-KAI
LEGEI0, PRO$ DE TOUTOI$ 'ETI TOUTWN KRONIKW=TERA. TON GAR
TOU* "HRAKLEOU$ XENISMON PRWIHN "HMIN 'EN POIHMATI TINI DIHIEI,
"W$ DIA= THN TOU* "HRAKLEOU$ SUGGENEIAN "O PROGONO$ 'AUTWN
<P 205D>
"UPODEXAITO TON "HRAKLEA, GEGONW$ 'AUTO$ 'EK DIO$ TE-KAI TH$
TOU* DHMOU 'ARCHGETOU QUGATRO$, "APER "AI GRAIAI 'A\DOUSI0, KAI
'A=LLA POLLA TOIAUTA, 'W* SWKRATE$; TAUT' 'ESTIN "A "OUTO$ LEGWN
TE-KAI 'A\DWN 'ANAGKAZEI0 KAI "HMA$ 'AKROASQAI.
KAI 'EGW 'AKOUSA$ 'EIPON; 'W* KATAGELASTE "IPPOQALE$, PRIN
NENIKHKENAI POIEI$ TE-KAI 'A\DEI$ 'EI$ SAUTON 'EGKWMION:
'ALL' 'OUK 'EI$ 'EMAUTON, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUTE POIW0 'OUTE
'A\DW0.
'OUK 'OIEI GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
TO DE PW*$ 'ECEI0: 'EFH.
<P 205E>
PANTWN MALISTA, 'EIPON, 'EI$ SE TEINOUSIN0 "AUTAI "AI 'WIDAI.
'EA=N MEN-GAR "ELHI$ TA PAIDIKA TOIAUTA 'ONTA, KOSMO$ SOI4
'ESTAI TA LECQENTA KAI 'A\SQENTA KAI TW*I-'ONTI 'EGKWMIA "WSPER
NENIKHKOTI, "OTI4 TOIOUTWN PAIDIKWN 'ETUCE$; 'EA=N DE SE DIAFUGHI6,
"OSWI 'AN4 MEIZW SOI4 'EIRHMENA-'HI 'EGKWMIA PERI= TWN PAIDIKWN,
TOSOUTWI MEIZONWN DOXEI$ KALWN TE-KAI 'AGAQWN 'ESTERHMENO$


<P 206A>
KATAGELASTO$ 'EINAI. "OSTI$ 'OUN TA 'ERWTIKA, 'W* FILE, SOFO$,
'OUK 'EPAINEI0 TON 'ERWMENON PRIN 'AN4 "ELHI6, DEDIW$ TO MELLON "OPHI
'APOBHSETAI. KAI "AMA "OI KALOI, 'EPEIDAN TI$ 'AUTOU$ 'EPAINHI5 KAI
'AUXHI5 FRONHMATO$ 'EMPIMPLANTAI KAI MEGALAUCIA$; 'H= 'OUK 'OIEI:
'EGWGE, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N "OSWI 'AN4 MEGALAUCOTEROI 'WSIN, DUSALWTOTEROI
GIGNONTAI:
'EIKO$ GE.
POI*O$ TI$ 'OUN 'AN4 SOI4 DOKEI0 QHREUTH$ 'EINAI, 'EI 'ANASOBOI
QHREUWN KAI DUSALWTOTERAN THN 'AGRAN POIOI*:
<P 206B>
DHLON "OTI4 FAULO$.
KAI-MEN-DH LOGOI$ TE-KAI 'WIDAI$ MH KHLEIN 'ALL' 'EXAGRIAINEIN
POLLH 'AMOUSIA; 'H*-GAR:
DOKEI0 MOI.
SKOPEI5 DH, 'W* "IPPOQALE$, "OPW$ MH PASI TOUTOI$ 'ENOCON
SAUTON POIHSEI$ DIA= THN POIHSIN; KAITOI 'OIMAI 'EGW 'ANDRA
POIHSEI BLAPTONTA "EAUTON 'OUK 'AN4 SE 'EQELEIN "OMOLOGHSAI0 "W$
'AGAQO$ POT' 'ESTIN POIHTH$, BLABERO$ 'WN "EAUTWI.
'OU MA TON DI=A, 'EFH; POLLH GAR 'AN4 'ALOGIA 'EIH. 'ALLA= DIA=
<P 206C>
TAUTA DH SOI4, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ANAKOINOUMAI, KAI 'EI TI 'ALLO
'ECEI$, SUMBOULEUE TI=NA 'AN4 TI$ LOGON DIALEGOMENO$ 'H= TI=
PRATTWN PROSFILH$ PAIDIKOI$ GENOITO.
'OU "RA\DION, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EIPEIN; 'ALL' 'EI MOI 'EQELHSAI$ 'AUTON
POIHSAI0 'EI$ LOGOU$ 'ELQEIN, 'ISW$ 'AN4 DUNAIMHN SOI4 'EPIDEIXAI0
"A CRH 'AUTWI DIALEGESQAI 'ANTI TOUTWN "WN "OUTOI LEGEIN TE-KAI
'A\DEIN FASI0 SE.
'ALL' 'OUDEN, 'EFH, CALEPON. 'AN2 GAR 'EISELQHI$ META
KTHSIPPOU TOUDE KAI KAQEZOMENO$ DIALEGHI3, 'OIMAI MEN-KAI
'AUTO$ SOI4 PROSEISI % FILHKOO$ GAR, 'W* SWKRATE$, DIAFERONTW$
<P 206D>
'ESTIN, KAI "AMA, "W$ "ERMAIA 'AGOUSIN0, 'ANAMEMEIGMENOI 'EN 'TAUTWI
'EISIN "OI TE NEANISKOI KAI "OI PAIDE$ % PROSEISIN 'OUN SOI4.
'EI DE MH, KTHSIPPWI SUNHQH$ 'ESTIN DIA= TON TOUTOU 'ANEYION
MENEXENON; MENEXENWI MEN-GAR-DH PANTWN MALISTA "ETAIRO$
'WN TUGCANEI0. KALESATW 'OUN "OUTO$ 'AUTON, 'EA=N 'A=RA MH PROSIHI5
'AUTO$.
TAUTA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, CRH POIEIN. KAI "AMA LABWN TON
<P 206E>
KTHSIPPON PROSHIA 'EI$ THN PALAISTRAN; "OI D' 'ALLOI "USTEROI
"HMWN 'HISAN.
'EISELQONTE$ DE KATELABOMEN 'AUTOQI TEQUKOTA$ TE TOU$
PAIDA$ KAI TA PERI= TA "IEREI*A SCEDON TI 'HDH PEPOIHMENA,
'ASTRAGALIZONTA$ TE-DH-KAI KEKOSMHMENOU$ "APANTA$. "OI MEN-'OUN
POLLOI 'EN THI 'AULHI 'EPAIZON 'EXW, "OI DE TINE$ TOU* 'APODUTHRIOU
'EN GWNIA\ 'HRTIAZON 'ASTRAGALOI$ PAMPOLLOI$, 'EK
FORMISKWN TINWN PROAIROUMENOI; TOUTOU$ DE PERIESTASAN
'ALLOI QEWROUNTE$. "WN DH-KAI "O LUSI$ 'H*N, KAI "EISTHKEI 'EN


<P 207A>
TOI$ PAISI TE-KAI NEANISKOI$ 'ESTEFANWMENO$ KAI THN 'OYIN
DIAFERWN, 'OU TO KALO$ 'EINAI MONON 'AXIO$ 'AKOUSAI0, 'ALL' "OTI4
KALO$ TE 'KAGAQO$. KAI "HMEI$ 'EI$ TO KATANTIKRU 'APOCWRHSANTE$
'EKAQEZOMEQA % 'H*N GAR 'AUTOQI "HSUCIA % KAI TI 'ALLHLOI$
DIELEGOMEQA. PERISTREFOMENO$ 'OUN "O LUSI$ QAMA 'EPESKOPEITO
"HMA$, KAI DHLO$ 'H*N 'EPIQUMWN PROSELQEIN. TEW$ MEN-'OUN
'HPOREI TE-KAI 'WKNEI MONO$ PROSIENAI, 'EPEITA "O MENEXENO$
<P 207B>
'EK TH$ 'AULH$ METAXU PAIZWN 'EISERCETAI, KAI "W$ 'EIDEN 'EME TE-KAI
TON KTHSIPPON, 'HIEI PARAKAQIZHSOMENO$; 'IDWN 'OUN 'AUTON
"O LUSI$ "EIPETO KAI SUMPAREKAQEZETO META TOU* MENEXENOU.
PROSHLQON DH-KAI "OI 'ALLOI, KAI-DH-KAI "O "IPPOQALH$,
'EPEIDH PLEIOU$ "EWRA 'EFISTAMENOU$, TOUTOU$ 'EPHLUGISAMENO$
PROSESTH "HI MH 'WIETO KATOYESQAI TON LUSIN, DEDIW$ MH 'AUTWI
'APECQANOITO; KAI "OUTW PROSESTW$ 'HKROATO.
KAI 'EGW PRO$ TON MENEXENON 'APOBLEYA$, 'W* PAI DHMOFWNTO$,
<P 207C>
'H*N-D'-'EGW, POTERO$ "UMWN PRESBUTERO$:
'AMFISBHTOUMEN, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N-KAI "OPOTERO$ GENNAIOTERO$, 'ERIZOIT' 'AN4, 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
PANU GE, 'EFH.
KAI-MHN "OPOTERO$ GE KALLIWN, "WSAUTW$.
'EGELASATHN 'OUN 'AMFW.
'OU-MHN "OPOTERO$ GE, 'EFHN, PLOUSIWTERO$ "UMWN, 'OUK
'ERHSOMAI; FILW GAR 'ESTON0. 'H*-GAR:
PANU G', 'EFATHN.
'OUKOU*N KOINA TA GE FILWN LEGETAI, "WSTE TOUTWI GE 'OUDEN
DIOISETON, 'EIPER 'ALHQH PERI= TH$ FILIA$ LEGETON0.
SUNEFATHN.
<P 207D>
'EPECEIROUN DH META TOUTO 'ERWTAN "OPOTERO$ DIKAIOTERO$
KAI SOFWTERO$ 'AUTWN 'EIH. METAXU 'OUN TI$ PROSELQWN 'ANESTHSE
TON MENEXENON, FASKWN KALEIN0 TON PAIDOTRIBHN;
'EDOKEI GAR MOI "IEROPOIWN TUGCANEIN. 'EKEINO$ MEN-'OUN 'WICETO;
'EGW DE TON LUSIN 'HROMHN, 'H*-POU, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* LUSI,
SFO=DRA FILEI0 SE "O PATHR KAI "H MHTHR: PANU GE, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'OUKOU*N BOULOINTO 'AN4 SE "W$ 'EUDAIMONESTATON 'EINAI:
<P 207E>
PW*$ GAR 'OU=: DOKEI0 DE SOI4 'EUDAIMWN 'EINAI 'ANQRWPO$
DOULEUWN TE-KAI "WI MHDEN 'EXEIH POIEIN "WN 'EPIQUMOI: MA
DI=' 'OUK 'EMOIGE, 'EFH. 'OUKOU*N 'EI SE FILEI0 "O PATHR KAI "H
MHTHR KAI 'EUDAIMONA SE 'EPIQUMOUSI0 GENESQAI, TOUTO PANTI
TROPWI DHLON "OTI4 PROQUMOUNTAI "OPW$ 'AN4 'EUDAIMONOIH$. PW*$
GAR 'OUCI: 'EFH. 'EWSIN0 'A=RA SE "A BOULEI POIEIN, KAI 'OUDEN
'EPIPLHTTOUSIN0 'OUDE DIAKWLUOUSI0 POIEIN "WN 'AN4 'EPIQUMHI$:
NAI MA DI=A 'EME GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, KAI MALA GE POLLA
KWLUOUSIN0. PW*$ LEGEI$: 'H*N-D'-'EGW. BOULOMENOI SE MAKARION


<P 208A>
'EINAI DIAKWLUOUSI0 TOUTO POIEIN "O= 'AN4 BOULHI3: "WDE DE
MOI LEGE. 'H=N 'EPIQUMHSHI$ 'EPI TINO$ TWN TOU* PATRO$ "ARMATWN
'OCEISQAI LABWN TA$ "HNIA$, "OTAN "AMILLATAI2, 'OUK 'AN4 'EWIEN SE
'ALLA= DIAKWLUOIEN: MA DI=' 'OU-MENTOI 'AN4, 'EFH, 'EWIEN.
'ALLA= TI=NA MHN: 'ESTIN TI$ "HNIOCO$ PARA TOU* PATRO$
MISQON FERWN. PW*$ LEGEI$0: MISQWTWI MALLON 'EPITREPOUSIN0
'H= SOI4 POIEIN "OTI2 'AN4 BOULHTAI PERI= TOU$ "IPPOU$, KAI PROSETI
<P 208B>
'AUTOU4 TOUTOU 'ARGURION TELOUSIN0: 'ALLA= TI= MHN: 'EFH.
'ALLA= TOU* 'ORIKOU ZEUGOU$ 'OIMAI 'EPITREPOUSIN0 SOI4 'ARCEIN,
'KAN4 'EI BOULOIO LABWN THN MASTIGA TUPTEIN, 'EWIEN 'AN4.
PO=QEN, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'EWIEN: TI= DE: 'H*N-D'-'EGW; 'OUDENI 'EXESTIN
'AUTOU$ TUPTEIN: KAI MALA, 'EFH, TW*I 'OREOKOMWI. DOULWI
'ONTI 'H= 'ELEUQERWI: DOULWI, 'EFH. KAI DOULON, "W$ 'EOIKEN0,
"HGOUNTAI PERI= PLEIONO$ 'H= SE TON "UON, KAI 'EPITREPOUSI0 TA
"EAUTWN MALLON 'H= SOI4, KAI 'EWSIN0 POIEIN "OTI2 BOULETAI, SE DE
<P 208C>
DIAKWLUOUSI0: KAI MOI 'ETI TODE 'EIPE=. SE 'AUTON 'EWSIN0 'ARCEIN
SEAUTOU, 'H= 'OUDE TOUTO 'EPITREPOUSI0 SOI4: PW*$ GAR, 'EFH,
'EPITREPOUSIN0: 'ALL' 'ARCEI0 TI$ SOU4: "ODE, PAIDAGWGO$,
'EFH. MWN DOULO$ 'WN: 'ALLA= TI= MHN: "HMETERO$ GE, 'EFH.
'H* DEINON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ELEUQERON 'ONTA "UPO DOULOU 'ARCESQAI.
TI= DE POIW*N 'AU "OUTO$ "O PAIDAGWGO$ SOU4 'ARCEI0: 'AGWN DHPOU,
'EFH, 'EI$ DIDASKALOU. MWN MH KAI "OUTOI SOU4 'ARCOUSIN0, "OI
<P 208D>
DIDASKALOI: PANTW$ DHPOU. PAMPOLLOU$ 'A=RA SOI4 DESPOTA$
KAI 'ARCONTA$ "EKWN "O PATHR 'EFISTHSIN. 'ALLA=-'A*RA
'EPEIDAN 'OIKADE 'ELQHI$ PARA THN MHTERA, 'EKEINH SE 'EA*I0 POIEIN
"OTI2 'AN4 BOULHI3, "IN' 'AUTHI MAKARIO$ 'HI$, 'H= PERI= TA 'ERIA 'H= PERI=
TON "ISTON, "OTAN "UFAINHI5: 'OU TI GAR-POU DIAKWLUEI0 SE 'H= TH$
SPAQH$ 'H= TH$ KERKIDO$ 'H= 'ALLOU TOU TWN PERI= TALASIOURGIAN
'ORGANWN "APTESQAI. KAI "O$ GELASA$, MA DI=A, 'EFH, 'W*
<P 208E>
SWKRATE$, 'OU MONON GE DIAKWLUEI0, 'ALLA=-KAI TUPTOIMHN 'AN4 'EI
"APTOIMHN. "HRAKLEI$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, MWN MH TI 'HDIKHKA$ TON
PATERA 'H= THN MHTERA: MA DI=' 'OUK 'EGWGE, 'EFH.
'ALL' 'ANTI TI=NO$ MHN "OUTW SE DEINW$ DIAKWLUOUSIN0 'EUDAIMONA
'EINAI KAI POIEIN "OTI2 'AN4 BOULHI3, KAI DI' "HMERA$ "OLH$
TREFOUSI0 SE 'AEI TWI DOULEUONTA KAI "ENI LOGWI 'OLIGOU "WN
'EPIQUMEI$ 'OUDEN POIOUNTA: "WSTE SOI4, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'OUTE TWN
CRHMATWN TOSOUTWN 'ONTWN0 'OUDEN 'OFELO$, 'ALLA= PANTE$


<P 209A>
'AUTWN MALLON 'ARCOUSIN0 'H= SU, 'OUTE TOU* SWMATO$ "OUTW GENNAIOU
'ONTO$, 'ALLA=-KAI TOUTO 'ALLO$ POIMAINEI0 KAI QERAPEUEI0;
SU DE 'ARCEI$ 'OUDENO$, 'W* LUSI, 'OUDE POIEI$ 'OUDEN "WN 'EPIQUMEI$.
'OU-GAR-PW, 'EFH, "HLIKIAN 'ECW0, 'W* SWKRATE$. MH 'OU
TOUTO SE, 'W* PAI DHMOKRATOU$, KWLUHI5, 'EPEI TO GE TOSONDE,
"W$ 'EGWIMAI, KAI "O PATHR KAI "H MHTHR SOI4 'EPITREPOUSIN0 KAI
'OUK 'ANAMENOUSIN0 "EW$ 'AN4 "HLIKIAN 'ECHI$. "OTAN GAR BOULWNTAI
"AUTOI$ TINA 'ANAGNWSQHNAI 'H= GRAFHNAI, SE, "W$ 'EGWIMAI,
<P 209B>
PRWTON TWN 'EN THI 'OIKIA\ 'EPI TOUTO TATTOUSIN0. 'H*-GAR:
PANU G', 'EFH. 'OUKOU*N 'EXESTI SOI4 'ENTAUQ' "OTI2 'AN4 BOULHI3
PRWTON TWN GRAMMATWN GRAFEIN KAI "OTI2 'AN4 DEUTERON; KAI
'ANAGIGNWSKEIN "WSAUTW$ 'EXESTIN. KAI 'EPEIDAN, "W$ 'EGWIMAI,
THN LURAN LABHI$, 'OU DIAKWLUOUSI0 SE 'OUTE "O PATHR 'OUTE "H
MHTHR 'EPITEINAI0 TE-KAI 'ANEINAI0 "HN 'AN4 BOULHI3 TWN CORDWN,
KAI YHLAI0 KAI KROUEIN TW*I PLHKTRWI. 'H= DIAKWLUOUSIN0: 'OU-DHTA.
TI= POT' 'AN4 'OUN 'EIH, 'W* LUSI, TO 'AITION "OTI4 'ENTAUQA
<P 209C>
MEN 'OU DIAKWLUOUSIN0, 'EN "OI$ DE 'ARTI 'ELEGOMEN KWLUOUSI0:
"OTI4 'OIMAI, 'EFH, TAUTA MEN 'EPISTAMAI, 'EKEINA D' 'OU=. 'EIEN,
'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* 'ARISTE; 'OUK-'A=RA THN "HLIKIAN SOU4 PERIMENEI0
"O PATHR 'EPITREPEIN PANTA, 'ALL' "HI 'AN4 "HMERA\ "HGHSHTAI SE
BELTION "AUTOU FRONEIN, TAUTHI 'EPITREYEI2 SOI4 KAI "AUTON KAI
TA "AUTOU. 'OIMAI 'EGWGE, 'EFH. 'EIEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; TI= DE: TW*I
GEITONI 'A*R' 'OUC "O 'AUTO$ "ORO$ "OSPER TW*I PATRI PERI= SOU4:
<P 209D>
POTERON 'OIEI 'AUTON 'EPITREYEIN SOI4 THN "AUTOU 'OIKIAN 'OIKONOMEIN
"OTAN SE "HGHSHTAI BELTION PERI= 'OIKONOMIA$ "EAUTOU
FRONEIN, 'H= 'AUTON 'EPISTATHSEIN: 'EMOI4 EPITREYEIN 'OIMAI.
TI= D': 'AQHNAIOU$ 'OIEI SOI4 'OUK 'EPITREYEIN TA "AUTWN "OTAN
'AISQANWNTAI "OTI4 "IKANW$ FRONEI$: 'EGWGE. PRO$ DIO$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW,
TI= 'A=RA "O MEGA$ BASILEU$: POTERON TW*I PRESBUTATWI
"UEI, "OU "H TH$ 'ASIA$ 'ARCH GIGNETAI, MALLON 'AN4 'EPITREYEIEN
"EYOMENWN KREWN 'EMBALLEIN8 "OTI2 'AN4 BOULHTAI 'EMBALEIN2
<P 209E>
'EI$ TON ZWMON, 'H= "HMIN, 'EI 'AFIKOMENOI PAR' 'EKEINON
'ENDEIXAIMEQA 'AUTWI "OTI4 "HMEI$ KALLION FRONOUMEN 'H= "O "UO$
'AUTOU4 PERI= 'OYOU SKEUASIA$: "HMIN DHLON "OTI4, 'EFH.
KAI TON MEN-GE-'OUD' 'AN4 SMIKRON 'EASEIEN 'EMBALEIN2; "HMA$
DE, 'KAN4 'EI BOULOIMEQA DRAXAMENOI TWN "ALWN, 'EWIH 'AN4
'EMBALEIN2. PW*$ GAR 'OU=: TI= D' 'EI TOU$ 'OFQALMOU$ "O "UO$
'AUTOU4 'ASQENOI, 'A*RA 'EWIH 'AN4 'AUTON "APTESQAI TWN "EAUTOU


<P 210A>
'OFQALMWN, MH 'IATRON "HGOUMENO$, 'H= KWLUOI 'AN4: KWLUOI
'AN4. "HMA$ DE-GE 'EI "UPOLAMBANOI 'IATRIKOU$ 'EINAI, 'KAN4
'EI BOULOIMEQA DIANOIGONTE$ TOU$ 'OFQALMOU$ 'EMPASAI0 TH$
TEFRA$, 'OIMAI 'OUK 'AN4 KWLUSEIEN, "HGOUMENO$ 'ORQW$ FRONEIN.
'ALHQH LEGEI$. 'A*R'-'OUN-KAI 'TALLA PANTA "HMIN 'EPITREPOI
'AN4 MALLON 'H= "EAUTWI KAI TW*I "UEI, PERI= "OSWN 'AN4
DOXWMEN 'AUTWI SOFWTEROI 'EKEINWN 'EINAI: 'ANAGKH, 'EFH, 'W*
SWKRATE$.
"OUTW$ 'A=RA 'ECEI0, 'H*N D' 'EGW, 'W* FILE LUSI; 'EI$ MEN TAUTA,
<P 210B>
"A 'AN4 FRONIMOI GENWMEQA, "APANTE$ "HMIN 'EPITREYOUSIN2, "ELLHNE$
TE-KAI BARBAROI KAI 'ANDRE$ KAI GUNAIKE$, POIHSOMEN
TE 'EN TOUTOI$ "OTI2 'AN4 BOULWMEQA, KAI 'OUDEI$ "HMA$ "EKWN 'EINAI
'EMPODIEI2, 'ALL' 'AUTOI TE 'ELEUQEROI 'ESOMEQA 'EN 'AUTOI$ KAI
'ALLWN 'ARCONTE$, "HME=TERA TE TAUTA 'ESTAI % 'ONHSOMEQA GAR
'AP' 'AUTWN % 'EI$ "A D' 'AN4 NOUN MH KTHSWMEQA, 'OUTE TI$ "HMIN
'EPITREYEI2 PERI= 'AUTA POIEIN TA "HMIN DOKOUNTA, 'ALL' 'EMPODIOUSI2
<P 210C>
PANTE$ KAQ' "OTI2 'AN4 DUNWNTAI, 'OU MONON "OI 'ALLOTRIOI,
'ALLA=-KAI "O PATHR KAI "H MHTHR KAI 'EI TI TOUTWN 'OIKEIOTERON
'ESTIN, 'AUTOI TE 'EN 'AUTOI$ 'ESOMEQA 'ALLWN "UPHKOOI, KAI "HMIN
'ESTAI 'ALLO=TRIA; 'OUDEN GAR 'AP' 'AUTWN 'ONHSOMEQA. SUGCWREI$
"OUTW$ 'ECEIN: SUGCWRW0. 'A*R'-'OUN TWI FILOI 'ESOMEQA
KAI TI$ "HMA$ FILHSEI2 'EN TOUTOI$, 'EN "OI$ 'AN4 'WMEN 'ANWFELEI$:
'OU-DHTA, 'EFH. NU*N 'A=RA-'OUDE SE "O PATHR 'OUDE 'ALLO$
'ALLON 'OUDENA FILEI0, KAQ' "OSON 'AN4 'H*I 'ACRHSTO$. 'OUK 'EOIKEN0,
<P 210D>
'EFH. 'EA=N MEN-'A=RA SOFO$ GENHI, 'W* PAI, PANTE$ SOI4 FILOI
KAI PANTE$ SOI4 'OIKEIOI 'ESONTAI % CRHSIMO$ GAR-KAI 'AGAQO$
'ESHI % 'EI DE MH, SOI4 'OUTE 'ALLO$ 'OUDEI$ 'OUTE "O PATHR FILO$
'ESTAI 'OUTE "H MHTHR 'OUTE "OI 'OIKEIOI. "OION-TE 'OUN 'EPI TOUTOI$,
'W* LUSI, MEGA FRONEIN, 'EN "OI$ TI$ MHPW FRONEI0: KAI PW*$
'AN4: 'EFH. 'EI D'-'A=RA SU DIDASKALOU DEHI0, 'OUPW FRONEI$.
'ALHQH. 'OUD'-'A=RA MEGALOFRWN 'EI*, 'EIPER 'AFRWN 'ETI. MA
DI=A, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OU MOI DOKEI0.
<P 210E>
KAI 'EGW 'AKOUSA$ 'AUTOU4 'APEBLEYA PRO$ TON "IPPOQALH,
KAI 'OLIGOU 'EXHMARTON; 'EPHLQE GAR MOI 'EIPEIN "OTI4 "OUTW
CRH, 'W* "IPPOQALE$, TOI$ PAIDIKOI$ DIALEGESQAI, TAPEINOUNTA
KAI SUSTELLONTA, 'ALLA= MH "WSPER SU CAUNOUNTA KAI DIAQRUPTONTA.
KATIDWN 'OUN 'AUTON 'AGWNIWNTA KAI TEQORUBHMENON
"UPO TWN LEGOMENWN 'ANEMNHSQHN "OTI4 KAI PROSESTW$ LANQANEIN
TON LUSIN 'EBOULETO; 'ANELABON 'OUN 'EMAUTON KAI


<P 211A>
'EPESCON TOU* LOGOU. KAI 'EN TOUTWI "O MENEXENO$ PALIN "HKEN,
KAI 'EKAQEZETO PARA TON LUSIN, "OQEN KAI 'EXANESTH. "O 'OUN
LUSI$ MALA PAIDIKW$ KAI FILIKW$, LAQRA\ TOU* MENEXENOU,
SMIKRON PRO$ ME LEGWN 'EFH; 'W* SWKRATE$, "APER KAI 'EMOI4
LEGEI$, 'EIPE= KAI MENEXENWI.
KAI 'EGW 'EIPON, TAUTA MEN SU 'AUTWI 'EREI$2, 'W* LUSI;
PANTW$ GAR PROSEICE$ TON NOUN.
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
PEIRW5 TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'APOMNHMONEUSAI0 'AUTA "OTI2
<P 211B>
MALISTA, "INA TOUTWI SAFW$ PANTA 'EIPHI$; 'EA=N DE TI 'AUTWN
'EPILAQHI4 'AUQI$ ME 'ANERESQAI "OTAN 'ENTUCHI$ PRWTON.
'ALLA= POIHSW2, 'EFH, TAUTA, 'W* SWKRATE$, PANU SFODRA,
'EU 'ISQI. 'ALLA= TI 'ALLO 'AUTWI LEGE, "INA KAI 'EGW 'AKOUW3,
"EW$ 'AN4 'OIKADE "WRA 'HI 'APIENAI.
'ALLA= CRH POIEIN TAUTA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EPEIDH GE-KAI SU
KELEUEI$. 'ALLA= "ORA "OPW$ 'EPIKOURHSEI$ MOI, 'EA=N ME 'ELEGCEIN
'EPICEIRHI5 "O MENEXENO$; 'H= 'OUK 'OISQA "OTI4 'ERISTIKO$ 'ESTIN:
NAI MA DI=A, 'EFH, SFODRA GE; DIA= TAUTA TOI-KAI BOULOMAI
<P 211C>
SE 'AUTWI DIALEGESQAI.
"INA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KATAGELASTO$ GENWMAI:
'OU MA DI=A, 'EFH, 'ALL' "INA 'AUTON KOLASHI$.
PO=QEN: 'H*N-D'-'EGW. 'OU "RA\DION; DEINO$ GAR "O 'ANQRWPO$,
KTHSIPPOU MAQHTH$. PARESTI DE-TOI 'AUTO$ % 'OUC "ORA*I$0?&
KTHSIPPO$.
MHDENO$ SOI4, 'EFH, MELETW, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALL' 'IQI
DIALEGOU 'AUTWI.
DIALEKTEON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
TAUTA 'OUN "HMWN LEGONTWN0 PRO$ "HMA$-'AUTOU$, TI= "UMEI$,
'EFH "O KTHSIPPO$, 'AUTW MONW "ESTIASQON0, "HMIN DE 'OU
<P 211D>
METADIDOTON0 TWN LOGWN:
'ALLA=-MHN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, METADOTEON. "ODE GAR TI "WN LEGW0
'OU MANQANEI0, 'ALLA= FHSIN 'OIESQAI MENEXENON 'EIDENAI, KAI
KELEUEI0 TOUTON 'ERWTAN.
TI= 'OUN, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'OUK 'ERWTA*I$0:
'ALL' 'ERHSOMAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. KAI MOI 'EIPE=, 'W* MENEXENE,
"O= 'AN4 SE 'ERWMAI. TUGCANW0 GAR 'EK PAIDO$ 'EPIQUMWN KTHMATO$
TOU, "WSPER 'ALLO$ 'ALLOU. "O MEN-GAR TI$ "IPPOU$
<P 211E>
'EPIQUMEI0 KTASQAI, "O DE KUNA$, "O DE CRUSION, "O DE TIMA$;
'EGW DE PRO$ MEN TAUTA PRA\W$ 'ECW0, PRO$ DE THN TWN FILWN
KTHSIN PANU 'ERWTIKW$, KAI BOULOIMHN 'AN4 MOI FILON 'AGAQON
GENESQAI MALLON 'H= TON 'ARISTON 'EN 'ANQRWPOI$ 'ORTUGA 'H=
'ALEKTRUONA, KAI NAI MA DI=A 'EGWGE MALLON 'H= "IPPON TE-KAI
KUNA % 'OIMAI DE, NH TON KUNA, MALLON 'H= TO DAREIOU CRUSION
KTHSASQAI DEXAIMHN POLU PROTERON "ETAIRON, MALLON DE7
'H= 'AUTON DAREION % "OUTW$ 'EGW FILETAIRO$ TI$ 'EIMI. "UMA$


<P 212A>
'OUN "ORWN, SE TE-KAI LUSIN, 'EKPEPLHGMAI KAI 'EUDAIMONIZW0
"OTI4 "OUTW NEOI 'ONTE$ "OIOI-T'-'ESTON0 TOUTO TO KTHMA TACU KAI
"RA\DIW$ KTASQAI, KAI SU TE TOUTON "OUTW FILON 'EKTHSW TACU
TE-KAI SFODRA, KAI 'AU "OUTO$ SE; 'EGW DE "OUTW PORRW 'EIMI
TOU* KTHMATO$, "WSTE 'OUD' "ONTINA TROPON GIGNETAI FILO$
"ETERO$ "ETEROU 'OIDA, 'ALLA= TAUTA DH 'AUTA SE BOULOMAI
'ERESQAI "ATE 'EMPEIRON.
KAI MOI 'EIPE=; 'EPEIDAN TI$ TINA FILHI5, POTERO$ POTEROU
<P 212B>
FILO$ GIGNETAI, "O FILWN TOU* FILOUMENOU 'H= "O FILOUMENO$
TOU* FILOUNTO$; 'H= 'OUDEN DIAFEREI0: 'OUDEN, 'EFH, 'EMOIGE
DOKEI0 DIAFEREIN. PW*$ LEGEI$: 'H*N-D'-'EGW; 'AMFOTEROI 'A=RA
'ALLHLWN FILOI GIGNONTAI, 'EA=N MONO$ "O "ETERO$ TON "ETERON
FILHI5: 'EMOIGE, 'EFH, DOKEI0. TI= DE: 'OUK 'ESTIN2 FILOUNTA
MH 'ANTIFILEISQAI "UPO TOUTOU "ON 'AN4 FILHI5: 'ESTIN2. TI= DE:
'A*RA 'ESTIN2 KAI MISEISQAI FILOUNTA: "OION POU 'ENIOTE DOKOUSI0
KAI "OI 'ERASTAI PASCEIN PRO$ TA PAIDIKA; FILOUNTE$ GAR
<P 212C>
"W$ "OION-TE MALISTA "OI MEN 'OIONTAI 'OUK 'ANTIFILEISQAI, "OI
DE-KAI MISEISQAI. 'H= 'OUK 'ALHQE$ DOKEI0 SOI4 TOUTO:
SFODRA GE, 'EFH, 'ALHQE$. 'OUKOU*N 'EN TW*I TOIOUTWI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW,
"O MEN FILEI0, "O DE FILEITAI: NAI. POTERO$ 'OUN 'AUTWN
POTEROU FILO$ 'ESTIN: "O FILWN TOU* FILOUMENOU, 'EANTE-KAI
'ANTIFILHTAI 'EANTE-KAI MISHTAI, 'H= "O FILOUMENO$ TOU*
FILOUNTO$: 'H= 'OUDETERO$ 'AU 'EN TW*I TOIOUTWI 'OUDETEROU FILO$
'ESTIN, 'AN2 MH 'AMFOTEROI 'ALLHLOU$ FILWSIN: 'EOIKE0 GOUN
<P 212D>
"OUTW$ 'ECEIN. 'ALLOIW$ 'A=RA NU*N "HMIN DOKEI0 'H= PROTERON
'EDOXEN. TO=TE MEN-GAR, 'EI "O "ETERO$ FILOI, FILW 'EINAI 'AMFW;
NU*N DE, 'AN2 MH 'AMFOTEROI FILWSIN, 'OUDETERO$ FILO$. KINDUNEUEI0,
'EFH. 'OUK-'A=RA 'ESTIN FILON TW*I FILOUNTI 'OUDEN MH
'OUK 'ANTIFILOUN. 'OUK 'EOIKEN0. 'OUD'-'A=RA FILIPPOI 'EISIN
"OU$ 'AN4 "OI "IPPOI MH 'ANTIFILWSIN, 'OUDE FILORTUGE$, 'OUD' 'AU
FILOKUNE$ GE-KAI FILOINOI KAI FILOGUMNASTAI KAI FILOSOFOI,
'AN2 MH "H SOFIA 'AUTOU$ 'ANTIFILHI5. 'H= FILOUSI0 MEN TAUTA
<P 212E>
"EKASTOI, 'OU-MENTOI FILA 'ONTA, 'ALLA= YEUDEQ' "O POIHTH$, "O$
'EFH %
'OLBIO$9, "WI9 PAIDE$9 TE9 FILOI9 KAI9 MWNUCE$9 "IPPOI9
KAI9 KUNE$9 'AGREUTAI9 KAI9 XENO$9 'ALLODAPO$9:
'OUK 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'H*-D'-"O$. 'ALL' 'ALHQH DOKEI0 LEGEIN SOI4:
NAI. TO FILOUMENON 'A=RA TW*I FILOUNTI FILON 'ESTIN, "W$
'EOIKEN0, 'W* MENEXENE, 'EANTE FILHI5 'EANTE-KAI MISHI5; "OION KAI
TA NEWSTI GEGONOTA PAIDIA, TA MEN 'OUDEPW FILOUNTA, TA


<P 213A>
DE-KAI MISOUNTA, "OTAN KOLAZHTAI "UPO TH$ MHTRO$ 'H= "UPO TOU*
PATRO$, "OMW$ KAI MISOUNTA 'EN 'EKEINWI TW*I CRONWI PANTWN
MALISTA 'ESTI TOI$ GONEUSI FILTATA. 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'EFH,
"OUTW$ 'ECEIN. 'OUK-'A=RA "O FILWN FILO$ 'EK TOUTOU TOU* LOGOU,
'ALL' "O FILOUMENO$. 'EOIKEN0. KAI "O MISOUMENO$ 'ECQRO$
'A=RA, 'ALL' 'OUC "O MISWN. FAINETAI. POLLOI 'A=RA "UPO TWN
'ECQRWN FILOUNTAI, "UPO DE TWN FILWN MISOUNTAI, KAI TOI$
<P 213B>
MEN 'ECQROI$ FILOI 'EISIN, TOI$ DE FILOI$ 'ECQROI, 'EI TO FILOUMENON
FILON 'ESTIN 'ALLA= MH TO FILOUN. KAITOI POLLH
'ALOGIA, 'W* FILE "ETAIRE, MALLON DE 'OIMAI KAI 'ADUNATON, TW*I
TE FILWI 'ECQRON KAI TW*I 'ECQRWI FILON 'EINAI. 'ALHQH, 'EFH,
'EOIKA$ LEGEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$. 'OUKOU*N 'EI TOUT' 'ADUNATON, TO
FILOUN 'AN4 'EIH FILON TOU* FILOUMENOU. FAINETAI. TO
MISOUN 'A=RA PALIN 'ECQRON TOU* MISOUMENOU. 'ANAGKH. 'OUKOU*N
'TAUTA "HMIN SUMBHSETAI 'ANAGKAION 'EINAI "OMOLOGEIN,
<P 213C>
"APER 'EPI TWN PROTERON, POLLAKI$ FILON 'EINAI MH FILOU,
POLLAKI$ DE-KAI 'ECQROU, "OTAN 'H= MH FILOUN TI$ FILHI5 'H= KAI
MISOUN FILHI5; POLLAKI$ D' 'ECQRON 'EINAI MH 'ECQROU 'H=-KAI
FILOU, "OTAN 'H= MH7 MISOUN TI$ MISHI5 'H=-KAI FILOUN MISHI5.
KINDUNEUEI0, 'EFH. TI= 'OUN-DH CRHSWMEQA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EI MHTE
"OI FILOUNTE$ FILOI 'ESONTAI MHTE "OI FILOUMENOI MHTE "OI
FILOUNTE$ TE-KAI FILOUMENOI: 'ALLA=-KAI PARA TAUTA 'ALLOU$
TINA$ 'ETI FHSOMEN 'EINAI FILOU$ 'ALLHLOI$ GIGNOMENOU$:
'OU MA TON DI=A, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OU PANU 'EUPORW0 'EGWGE.
<P 213D>
'A*RA MH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* MENEXENE, TO PARAPAN 'OUK 'ORQW$
'EZHTOUMEN: 'OUK 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EFH, "O LUSI$,
KAI "AMA 'EIPWN 'HRUQRIASEN; 'EDOKEI GAR MOI 'AKONT' 'AUTON
'EKFEUGEIN TO LECQEN DIA= TO SFODRA PROSECEIN TON NOUN
TOI$ LEGOMENOI$, DHLO$ D' 'H*N KAI "OTE 'HKROATO "OUTW$ 'ECWN.
'EGW 'OUN BOULOMENO$ TON TE MENEXENON 'ANAPAUSAI0 KAI
'EKEINOU "HSQEI$ THI FILOSOFIA\ "OUTW METABALWN2 PRO$ TON
<P 213E>
LUSIN 'EPOIOUMHN TOU$ LOGOU$, KAI 'EIPON; 'W* LUSI, 'ALHQH
MOI DOKEI$ LEGEIN "OTI4 'EI 'ORQW$ "HMEI$ 'ESKOPOUMEN, 'OUK 'AN4
POTE "OUTW$ 'EPLANWMEQA. 'ALLA= TAUTHI MEN MHKETI 'IWMEN %
KAI-GAR CALEPH TI$ MOI FAINETAI "WSPER "ODO$ "H SKEYI$ % "HI
DE 'ETRAPHMEN, DOKEI0 MOI CRHNAI0 'IENAI, SKOPOUNTA TA8 KATA


<P 214A>
TOU$ POIHTA$; "OUTOI GAR "HMIN "WSPER PATERE$ TH$ SOFIA$
'EISIN KAI "HGEMONE$. LEGOUSI0 DE-DHPOU 'OU FAULW$ 'APOFAINOMENOI
PERI= TWN FILWN, "OI= TUGCANOUSIN0 'ONTE$; 'ALLA= TON QEON
'AUTON FASIN0 POIEIN FILOU$ 'AUTOU$, 'AGONTA PAR' 'ALLHLOU$.
LEGOUSI0 DE PW$ TAUTA, W$ 'EGWIMAI, "WDI %
'AIEI9 TOI TON9 "OMOION9 'AGEI90 QEO$9 "W$9 TON9 "OMOION9
<P 214B>
KAI POIEI0 GNWRIMON; 'H= 'OUK 'ENTETUCHKA$ TOUTOI$ TOI$ 'EPESIN:
'EGWG', 'EFH. 'OUKOU*N-KAI TOI$ TWN SOFWTATWN SUGGRAMMASIN
'ENTETUCHKA$ TAUTA 'AUTA LEGOUSIN4, "OTI4 TO "OMOION TW*I
"OMOIWI 'ANAGKH 'AEI FILON 'EINAI: 'EISIN DE-POU "OUTOI "OI PERI=
FUSEW$ TE-KAI TOU* "OLOU DIALEGOMENOI KAI GRAFONTE$.
'ALHQH, 'EFH, LEGEI$. 'A*R'-'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EU LEGOUSIN0:
'ISW$, 'EFH. 'ISW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TO "HMISU 'AUTOU4, 'ISW$ DE-KAI
PAN, 'ALL' "HMEI$ 'OU SUNIEMEN. DOKEI0 GAR "HMIN "O GE PONHRO$
<P 214C>
TW*I PONHRWI, "OSWI 'AN4 'EGGUTERW PROSIHI5 KAI MALLON "OMILHI5,
TOSOUTWI 'ECQIWN GIGNESQAI. 'ADIKEI0 GAR; 'ADIKOUNTA$ DE-KAI
'ADIKOUMENOU$ 'ADUNATON POU FILOU$ 'EINAI. 'OUC "OUTW$: NAI,
'H*-D'-"O$. TAUTHI MEN 'AN4 TOINUN TOU* LEGOMENOU TO "HMISU 'OUK
'ALHQE$ 'EIH, 'EIPER "OI PONHROI 'ALLHLOI$ "OMOIOI. 'ALHQH
LEGEI$. 'ALLA= MOI DOKOUSIN0 LEGEIN TOU$ 'AGAQOU$ "OMOIOU$
'EINAI 'ALLHLOI$ KAI FILOU$, TOU$ DE KAKOU$, "OPER KAI LEGETAI
PERI= 'AUTWN, MHDEPOTE "OMOIOU$ MHD' 'AUTOU$ "AUTOI$ 'EINAI, 'ALL'
<P 214D>
'EMPLHKTOU$ TE-KAI 'ASTAQMHTOU$; "O= DE 'AUTO "AUTWI 'ANOMOION
'EIH KAI DIAFORON, SCOLHI GE TWI 'ALLWI "OMOION 'H= FILON GENOIT'
'AN4. 'H= 'OU-KAI SOI4 DOKEI0 "OUTW$: 'EMOIG', 'EFH. TOUTO
TOINUN 'AINITTONTAI, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKOUSIN0, 'W* "ETAIRE, "OI TO "OMOION
TW*I "OMOIWI FILON LEGONTE$, "W$ "O 'AGAQO$ TW*I 'AGAQWI MONO$
MONWI FILO$, "O DE KAKO$ 'OUTE 'AGAQWI 'OUTE KAKWI 'OUDEPOTE
'EI$ 'ALHQH FILIAN 'ERCETAI. SUNDOKEI0 SOI4: KATENEUSEN.
'ECOMEN 'A=RA 'HDH TI=NE$ 'EISIN "OI FILOI; "O GAR LOGO$ "HMIN
<P 214E>
SHMAINEI0 "OTI4 "OI= 'AN4 'WSIN 'AGAQOI. PANU GE, 'EFH, DOKEI0.
KAI 'EMOI4, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. KAITOI DUSCERAINW0 TI GE 'EN 'AUTWI;
FERE 'OUN, 'W* PRO$ DIO$, 'IDWMEN TI= KAI "UPOPTEUW0. "O "OMOIO$
TW*I "OMOIWI KAQ' "OSON "OMOIO$ FILO$, KAI 'ESTIN CRHSIMO$ "O
TOIOUTO$ TW*I TOIOUTWI: MALLON DE "WDE; "OTIOUN "OMOION "OTWIOUN
"OMOIWI TI=NA 'WFELIAN 'ECEIN 'H= TI=NA BLABHN 'AN4 POIHSAI0
DUNAITO, "O= MH KAI 'AUTO "AUTWI: 'H= TI= 'AN4 PAQEIN, "O= MH KAI "UF'


<P 215A>
"AUTOU PAQOI: TA DH TOIAUTA PW*$ 'AN4 "UP' 'ALLHLWN 'AGAPHQEIH,
MHDEMIAN 'EPIKOURIAN 'ALLHLOI$ 'ECONTA: 'ESTIN "OPW$: 'OUK
'ESTIN. "O= DE MH 'AGAPWITO, PW*$ FILON: 'OUDAMW$. 'ALLA=-DH
"O MEN "OMOIO$ TW*I "OMOIWI 'OU FILO$; "O DE 'AGAQO$ TW*I 'AGAQWI
KAQ' "OSON 'AGAQO$, 'OU KAQ' "OSON "OMOIO$, FILO$ 'AN4 'EIH: 'ISW$.
TI= DE: 'OUC "O 'AGAQO$, KAQ' "OSON 'AGAQO$, KATA TOSOUTON
"IKANO$ 'AN4 'EIH "AUTWI: NAI. "O DE-GE "IKANO$ 'OUDENO$ DEOMENO$
KATA THN "IKANOTHTA. PW*$ GAR 'OU=: "O DE MH TOU
<P 215B>
DEOMENO$ 'OUDE TI 'AGAPWIH 'AN4. 'OU-GAR-'OUN. "O= DE MH
'AGAPWIH, 'OUD' 'AN4 FILOI. 'OU-DHTA. "O DE MH FILWN GE 'OU
FILO$. 'OU FAINETAI. PW*$ 'OUN "OI 'AGAQOI TOI$ 'AGAQOI$
"HMIN FILOI 'ESONTAI THN 'ARCHN, "OI= MHTE 'APONTE$ POQEINOI
'ALLHLOI$ % "IKANOI GAR "EAUTOI$ KAI CWRI$ 'ONTE$ % MHTE PARONTE$
CREIAN "AUTWN 'ECOUSIN0: TOU$ DH TOIOUTOU$ TI=$ MHCANH
PERI= POLLOU POIEISQAI 'ALLHLOU$: 'OUDEMIA, 'EFH. FILOI
<P 215C>
DE-GE 'OUK 'AN4 'EIEN MH PERI= POLLOU POIOUMENOI "EAUTOU$.
'ALHQH.
'AQREI5 DH, 'W* LUSI, PH*I PARAKROUOMEQA. 'A*RA-GE "OLWI
TINI 'EXAPATWMEQA0: PW*$ DH: 'EFH. 'HDH POTE TOU 'HKOUSA
LEGONTO$, KAI 'ARTI 'ANAMIMNHISKOMAI, "OTI4 TO MEN "OMOION TW*I
"OMOIWI KAI "OI 'AGAQOI TOI$ 'AGAQOI$ POLEMIWTATOI 'EIEN; KAI-DH-KAI
TON "HSIODON 'EPHGETO MARTURA, LEGWN "W$ 'A=RA %
KAI9 KERAMEU$9 KERAMEI9 KOTEEI90 KAI9 'AOIDO$9 'AOIDWI9
<P 215D>
KAI9 PTWCO$9 PTWCWI9,
KAI 'TALLA DH PANTA "OUTW$ 'EFH 'ANAGKAION 'EINAI MALISTA TA
"OMOIOTATA PRO$7 'ALLHLA FQONOU TE-KAI FILONIKIA$ KAI
'ECQRA$ 'EMPIMPLASQAI, TA D' 'ANOMOIOTATA FILIA$; TON GAR
PENHTA TW*I PLOUSIWI 'ANAGKAZESQAI FILON 'EINAI KAI TON 'ASQENH
TW*I 'ISCURWI TH$ 'EPIKOURIA$ "ENEKA, KAI TON KAMNONTA TW*I 'IATRWI,
KAI PANTA DH TON MH 'EIDOTA 'AGAPAN TON 'EIDOTA KAI FILEIN.
<P 215E>
KAI-DH-KAI 'ETI 'EPEXHIEI TW*I LOGWI MEGALOPREPESTERON, LEGWN
"W$ 'A=RA PANTO$ DEOI TO "OMOION TW*I "OMOIWI FILON 'EINAI, 'ALL'
'AUTO TO 'ENANTION 'EIH TOUTOU; TO GAR 'ENANTIWTATON TW*I
'ENANTIWTATWI 'EINAI MALISTA FILON. 'EPIQUMEIN GAR TOU*
TOIOUTOU "EKASTON, 'ALL' 'OU TOU* "OMOIOU; TO MEN-GAR XHRON
"UGROU, TO DE YUCRON QERMOU, TO DE PIKRON GLUKEO$, TO DE
'OXU 'AMBLEO$, TO DE KENON PLHRWSEW$, KAI TO PLHRE$ DE
KENWSEW$, KAI 'TALLA "OUTW KATA TON 'AUTON LOGON. TROFHN
GAR 'EINAI TO 'ENANTION TW*I 'ENANTIWI; TO GAR "OMOION TOU* "OMOIOU


<P 216A>
'OUDEN 'AN4 'APOLAUSAI0. KAI-MENTOI, 'W* "ETAIRE, KAI KOMYO$
'EDOKEI 'EINAI TAUTA LEGWN; 'EU GAR 'ELEGEN. "UMIN DE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW,
PW*$ DOKEI0 LEGEIN: 'EU GE, 'EFH "O MENEXENO$, "W$ GE
"OUTWSI 'AKOUSAI0. FWMEN 'A=RA TO 'ENANTION TW*I 'ENANTIWI MALISTA
FILON 'EINAI: PANU GE. 'EIEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; 'OUK 'ALLOKOTON,
'W* MENEXENE: KAI "HMIN 'EUQU$ "ASMENOI 'EPIPHDHSONTAI
"OUTOI "OI PASSOFOI 'ANDRE$, "OI 'ANTILOGIKOI, KAI 'ERHSONTAI 'EI
<P 216B>
'OUK 'ENANTIWTATON 'ECQRA FILIA\: "OI$ TI= 'APOKRINOUMEQA: 'H=
'OUK 'ANAGKH "OMOLOGEIN "OTI4 'ALHQH LEGOUSIN0: 'ANAGKH. 'A*R'-'OUN,
FHSOUSIN2, TO 'ECQRON TW*I FILWI FILON 'H= TO FILON TW*I
'ECQRWI: 'OUDE=TERA, 'EFH. 'ALLA= TO DIKAION TW*I 'ADIKWI 'H= TO
SWFRON TW*I 'AKOLASTWI, 'H= TO 'AGAQON TW*I KAKWI: 'OUK 'AN4 MOI
DOKEI0 "OUTW$ 'ECEIN. 'ALLA=-MENTOI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EIPER GE KATA
THN 'ENANTIOTHTA TI TWI FILWI8 FILON 'ESTIN, 'ANAGKH KAI TAUTA
FILA 'EINAI. 'ANAGKH. 'OUTE-'A=RA TO "OMOION TW*I "OMOIWI 'OUTE
TO 'ENANTION TW*I 'ENANTIWI FILON. 'OUK 'EOIKEN0.
<P 216C>
'ETI DE-KAI TODE SKEYWMEQA, MH 'ETI MALLON "HMA$ LANQANEI0
TO FILON "W$ 'ALHQW$ 'OUDEN TOUTWN 'ON, 'ALLA= TO MHTE
'AGAQON MHTE KAKON FILON "OUTW POTE GIGNOMENON TOU* 'AGAQOU.
PW*$, 'H*-D'-"O$, LEGEI$: 'ALLA= MA DI=A, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OUK
'OIDA, 'ALLA= TW*I-'ONTI 'AUTO$ 'EILIGGIW0 "UPO TH$ TOU* LOGOU 'APORIA$,
KAI KINDUNEUEI0 KATA THN 'ARCAIAN PAROIMIAN TO KALON
FILON 'EINAI. 'EOIKE0 GOUN MALAKWI TINI KAI LEIWI KAI LIPARWI;
<P 216D>
DIO KAI 'ISW$ "RA\DIW$ DIOLISQAINEI0 KAI DIADUETAI "HMA$, "ATE
TOIOUTON 'ON. LEGW0 GAR 'TAGAQON KALON 'EINAI; SU D' 'OUK
'OIEI: 'EGWGE. LEGW0 TOINUN 'APOMANTEUOMENO$, TOU* KALOU
TE-KAI 'AGAQOU FILON 'EINAI TO MHTE 'AGAQON MHTE KAKON;
PRO$ "A DE LEGWN MANTEUOMAI, 'AKOUSON2. DOKEI0 MOI "WSPEREI
TRIA 'ATTA 'EINAI GENH, TO MEN 'AGAQON, TO DE KAKON, TO D'-'OUT'
'AGAQON 'OUTE KAKON; TI= DE SOI4: KAI 'EMOI4, 'EFH. KAI-'OUTE
'TAGAQON 'TAGAQWI 'OUTE TO KAKON TW*I KAKWI 'OUTE 'TAGAQON TW*I
<P 216E>
KAKWI FILON 'EINAI, "WSPER 'OUD' "O 'EMPROSQEN LOGO$ 'EA*I0. LEIPETAI
DH, 'EIPER TWI TI 'ESTIN FILON, TO MHTE 'AGAQON MHTE
KAKON FILON 'EINAI 'H= TOU* 'AGAQOU 'H= TOU* TOIOUTOU "OION 'AUTO
'ESTIN. 'OU-GAR 'AN4 POU TW*I KAKWI FILON 'AN4 TI GENOITO.
'ALHQH. 'OUDE-MHN TO "OMOION TW*I "OMOIWI 'EFAMEN 'ARTI; 'H*-GAR:
NAI. 'OUK-'A=RA 'ESTAI TW*I MHTE 'AGAQWI MHTE KAKWI TO
TOIOUTON FILON "OION 'AUTO. 'OU FAINETAI. TW*I 'AGAQWI 'A=RA


<P 217A>
TO MHTE 'AGAQON MHTE KAKON MONWI MONON SUMBAINEI0 GIGNESQAI
FILON. 'ANAGKH, "W$ 'EOIKEN0.
'A*R'-'OUN-KAI KALW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* PAIDE$, "UFHGEITAI "HMIN
TO NU*N LEGOMENON: 'EI GOUN QELOIMEN 'ENNOHSAI0 TO "UGIAINON
SWMA, 'OUDEN 'IATRIKH$ DEITAI 'OUDE 'WFELIA$; "IKANW$ GAR 'ECEI0,
"WSTE "UGIAINWN 'OUDEI$ 'IATRWI FILO$ DIA= THN "UGIEIAN. 'H*-GAR:
'OUDEI$. 'ALL' "O KAMNWN 'OIMAI DIA= THN NOSON. PW*$ GAR
<P 217B>
'OU=: NOSO$ MEN-DH KAKON, 'IATRIKH DE 'WFELIMON KAI 'AGAQON.
NAI. SWMA DE-GE-POU KATA TO SWMA 'EINAI 'OUTE 'AGAQON
'OUTE KAKON. "OUTW$. 'ANAGKAZETAI DE-GE SWMA DIA= NOSON
'IATRIKHN 'ASPAZESQAI KAI FILEIN. DOKEI0 MOI. TO MHTE
KAKON 'A=RA-MHT' 'AGAQON FILON GIGNETAI TOU* 'AGAQOU DIA= KAKOU
PAROUSIAN. 'EOIKEN0. DHLON DE-GE "OTI4 PRIN GENESQAI 'AUTO
KAKON "UPO TOU* KAKOU "OU 'ECEI0. 'OU-GAR-DH-GE KAKON GEGONO$
<P 217C>
'ETI 'AN4 TI TOU* 'AGAQOU "OU8 'EPIQUMOI KAI FILON 'EIH; 'ADUNATON
GAR 'EFAMEN KAKON 'AGAQWI FILON 'EINAI. 'ADUNATON GAR.
SKEYASQE DH "O= LEGW0. LEGW0 GAR "OTI4 'ENIA MEN, "OION 'AN4 'HI
TO PARON, TOIAUTA 'ESTI KAI 'AUTA, 'ENIA DE 'OU=. "WSPER 'EI
'EQELOI TI$ CRWMATI TWI "OTIOUN TI8 'ALEIYAI0, PARESTIN POU
TW*I 'ALEIFQENTI TO 'EPALEIFQEN. PANU GE. 'A*R'-'OUN-KAI
'ESTIN TO=TE TOIOUTON THN CROAN TO 'ALEIFQEN, "OION TO 'EPON:
<P 217D>
'OU MANQANW0, 'H*-D'-"O$. 'ALL' "WDE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. 'EI TI$
SOU4 XANQA$ 'OUSA$ TA$ TRICA$ YIMUQIWI 'ALEIYEIEN, POTERON
TO=TE LEUKAI 'EIEN 'H= FAINOINT' 'AN4: FAINOINT' 'AN4, 'H*-D'-"O$.
KAI-MHN PAREIH G' 'AN4 'AUTAI$ LEUKOTH$. NAI. 'ALL' "OMW$
'OUDEN TI MALLON 'AN4 'EIEN LEUKAI PW, 'ALLA= PAROUSH$ LEUKOTHTO$
'OUTE TI LEUKAI 'OUTE MELAINAI 'EISIN. 'ALHQH. 'ALL'
"OTAN DH, 'W* FILE, TO GHRA$ 'AUTAI$ 'TAUTON TOUTO CRWMA 'EPAGAGHI6,
TO=TE 'EGENONTO "OIONPER TO PARON, LEUKOU PAROUSIA\
<P 217E>
LEUKAI. PW*$ GAR 'OU=: TOUTO TOINUN 'ERWTW0 NU*N DH, 'EI "WI
'AN4 TI PARHI5, TOIOUTON 'ESTAI TO 'ECON "OION TO PARON; 'H= 'EA=N
MEN KATA TINA TROPON PARHI5, 'ESTAI, 'EA=N DE MH, 'OU=: "OUTW
MALLON, 'EFH. KAI TO MHTE KAKON 'A=RA-MHT' 'AGAQON 'ENISTE
KAKOU PARONTO$ 'OUPW KAKON 'ESTIN, 'ESTIN D' "OTE 'HDH TO
TOIOUTON GEGONEN0. PANU GE. 'OUKOU*N "OTAN MHPW KAKON 'HI
KAKOU PARONTO$, "AU=TH MEN "H PAROUSIA 'AGAQOU 'AUTO POIEI0
'EPIQUMEIN; "H DE KAKON POIOUSA 'APOSTEREI0 'AUTO TH$ TE 'EPIQUMIA$
"AMA KAI TH$ FILIA$ TOU* 'AGAQOU. 'OU-GAR 'ETI 'ESTIN


<P 218A>
'OUTE KAKON 'OUTE 'AGAQON, 'ALLA= KAKON; FILON DE 'AGAQWI KAKON
'OUK 'H*N. 'OU-GAR-'OUN. DIA= TAUTA DH FAIMEN 'AN4 KAI TOU$
'HDH SOFOU$ MHKETI FILOSOFEIN, 'EITE QEOI 'EITE 'ANQRWPOI
'EISIN "OUTOI; 'OUD' 'AU 'EKEINOU$ FILOSOFEIN TOU$ "OUTW$ 'AGNOIAN
'ECONTA$ "WSTE KAKOU$ 'EINAI; KAKON GAR-KAI 'AMAQH 'OUDENA
FILOSOFEIN. LEIPONTAI DH "OI 'ECONTE$ MEN TO KAKON TOUTO,
THN 'AGNOIAN, MHPW DE "UP' 'AUTOU4 'ONTE$ 'AGNWMONE$ MHDE
<P 218B>
'AMAQEI$, 'ALL' 'ETI "HGOUMENOI MH 'EIDENAI "A MH 'ISASIN. DIO
DH-KAI FILOSOFOUSIN0 "OI 'OUTE 'AGAQOI 'OUTE KAKOI PW 'ONTE$,
"OSOI DE KAKOI 'OU FILOSOFOUSIN0, 'OUDE "OI 'AGAQOI; 'OUTE-GAR
TO 'ENANTION TOU* 'ENANTIOU 'OUTE TO "OMOION TOU* "OMOIOU FILON
"HMIN 'EFANH 'EN TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN LOGOI$. 'H= 'OU MEMNHSQE0:
PANU GE, 'EFATHN. NU*N 'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* LUSI TE-KAI
MENEXENE, PANTO$ MALLON 'EXHURHKAMEN "O= 'ESTIN TO FILON KAI
'OU=. FAMEN GAR 'AUTO, KAI KATA THN YUCHN KAI KATA TO
<P 218C>
SWMA KAI PANTACOU, TO MHTE KAKON MHTE 'AGAQON DIA= KAKOU
PAROUSIAN TOU* 'AGAQOU FILON 'EINAI. PANTAPASIN 'EFATHN TE-KAI
SUNECWREITHN "OUTW TOUT' 'ECEIN.
KAI-DH-KAI 'AUTO$ 'EGW PANU 'ECAIRON, "WSPER QHREUTH$ TI$,
'ECWN 'AGAPHTW$ "O= 'EQHREUOMHN. 'KAPEIT' 'OUK 'OID' "OPOQEN MOI
'ATOPWTATH TI$ "UPOYIA 'EISHLQEN "W$ 'OUK 'ALHQH 'EIH TA
"WMOLOGHMENA "HMIN, KAI 'EUQU$ 'ACQESQEI$ 'EIPON; BABAI, 'W*
LUSI TE-KAI MENEXENE, KINDUNEUOMEN 'ONAR PEPLOUTHKENAI.
<P 218D>
TI= MALISTA: 'EFH "O MENEXENO$.
FOBOUMAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, MH "WSPER 'ANQRWPOI$ 'ALAZOSIN
LOGOI$ TISIN TOIOUTOI$ YEUDESIN8 'ENTETUCHKAMEN PERI= TOU*
FILOU.
PW*$ DH: 'EFH.
"WDE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, SKOPWMEN; FILO$ "O$ 'AN4 'EIH, POTERON
'ESTIN TWI FILO$ 'H= 'OU=: 'ANAGKH, 'EFH. POTERON 'OUN 'OUDENO$
"ENEKA KAI DI' 'OUDEN, 'H= "ENEKA TOU KAI DIA= TI: "ENEKA TOU KAI
DIA= TI. POTERON FILOU 'ONTO$ 'EKEINOU TOU* PRAGMATO$, "OU
"ENEKA FILO$ "O FILO$ TW*I FILWI, 'H= 'OUTE FILOU 'OUTE 'ECQROU:
<P 218E>
'OU PANU, 'EFH, "EPOMAI. 'EIKOTW$ GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; 'ALL'
"WDE 'ISW$ 'AKOLOUQHSEI$, 'OIMAI DE-KAI 'EGW MALLON 'EISOMAI
"OTI2 LEGW0. "O KAMNWN, NUNDH 'EFAMEN, TOU* 'IATROU FILO$; 'OUC
"OUTW$: NAI. 'OUKOU*N DIA= NOSON "ENEKA "UGIEIA$ TOU* 'IATROU
FILO$: NAI. "H DE-GE NOSO$ KAKON: PW*$ D' 'OU=: TI= DE
"UGIEIA: 'H*N-D'-'EGW; 'AGAQON 'H= KAKON 'H= 'OUDE=TERA: 'AGAQON,


<P 219A>
'EFH. 'ELEGOMEN D'-'A=RA, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "OTI4 TO SWMA, 'OUTE 'AGAQON
'OUTE KAKON 'ON7, DIA= THN NOSON, TOUTO DE DIA= TO KAKON,
TH$ 'IATRIKH$ FILON 'ESTIN, 'AGAQON DE 'IATRIKH; "ENEKA DE TH$
"UGIEIA$ THN FILIAN "H 'IATRIKH 'ANHIRHTAI, "H DE "UGIEIA 'AGAQON.
'H*-GAR: NAI. FILON DE 'H= 'OU FILON "H "UGIEIA: FILON.
"H DE NOSO$ 'ECQRON. PANU GE. TO 'OUTE KAKON 'OUTE
<P 219B>
'AGAQON 'A=RA DIA= TO KAKON KAI TO 'ECQRON TOU* 'AGAQOU FILON
'ESTIN "ENEKA TOU* 'AGAQOU KAI FILOU. FAINETAI. "ENEKA 'A=RA
TOU* FILOU TOU*7 FILOU7 TO FILON FILON DIA= TO 'ECQRON.
'EOIKEN0.
'EIEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. 'EPEIDH 'ENTAUQA "HKOMEN, 'W* PAIDE$,
PROSSCWMEN TON NOUN MH 'EXAPATHQWMEN. "OTI4 MEN-GAR FILON
TOU* FILOU TO FILON GEGONEN0, 'EW0 CAIREIN, KAI TOU* "OMOIOU GE
TO "OMOION FILON GIGNETAI, "O= FAMEN 'ADUNATON 'EINAI; 'ALL'
"OMW$ TODE SKEYWMEQA, MH "HMA$ 'EXAPATHSHI6 TO NU*N LEGOMENON.
<P 219C>
"H 'IATRIKH, FAMEN, "ENEKA TH$ "UGIEIA$ FILON. NAI.
'OUKOU*N-KAI "H "UGIEIA FILON: PANU GE. 'EI 'A=RA FILON,
"ENEKA TOU. NAI. FILOU GE TINO$ DH, 'EIPER 'AKOLOUQHSEI2 THI
PROSQEN "OMOLOGIA\. PANU GE. 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'EKEINO FILON 'AU
'ESTAI "ENEKA FILOU: NAI. 'A*R'-'OUN 'OUK 'ANAGKH 'APEIPEIN
"HMA$ "OUTW$ 'IONTA$ 'H= 'AFIKESQAI 'EPI TINA 'ARCHN, "H= 'OUKET'
'EPANOISEI2 'EP' 'ALLO FILON, 'ALL' "HXEI2 'EP' 'EKEINO "O= 'ESTIN
<P 219D>
PRWTON FILON, "OU "ENEKA KAI TA 'A=LLA FAMEN PANTA FILA
'EINAI: 'ANAGKH. TOUTO DH 'ESTIN "O= LEGW0, MH "HMA$ 'TALLA
PANTA "A 'EIPOMEN 'EKEINOU "ENEKA FILA 'EINAI, "WSPER 'EIDWLA
'ATTA 'ONTA 'AUTOU4, 'EXAPATA*I2, 'HI D' 'EKEINO TO PRWTON, "O= "W$
'ALHQW$ 'ESTI FILON. 'ENNOHSWMEN GAR "OUTWSI; "OTAN TI$ TI
PERI= POLLOU POIHTAI, "OIONPER 'ENIOTE PATHR "UON 'ANTI PANTWN
TWN 'ALLWN CRHMATWN PROTIMA*I0, "O DH TOIOUTO$ "ENEKA TOU* TON
<P 219E>
"UON PERI= PANTO$ "HGEISQAI 'A*RA-KAI 'ALLO TI 'AN4 PERI= POLLOU
POIOITO: "OION 'EI 'AISQANOITO 'AUTON KWNEION PEPWKOTA, 'A*RA
PERI= POLLOU POIOIT' 'AN4 'OINON, 'EIPER TOUTO "HGOITO TON "UON
SWSEIN: TI= MHN: 'EFH. 'OUKOU*N-KAI TO 'AGGEION, 'EN "WI "O
'OINO$ 'ENEIH: PANU GE. 'A*R'-'OUN TO=TE 'OUDEN PERI= PLEIONO$
POIEITAI, KULIKA KERAMEAN 'H= TON "UON TON "AUTOU, 'OUDE TREI$
KOTULA$ 'OINOU 'H= TON "UON: 'H= "WDE PW$ 'ECEI0; PASA "H TOIAUTH
SPOUDH 'OUK 'EPI TOUTOI$ 'ESTIN 'ESPOUDASMENH, 'EPI TOI$ "ENEKA
TOU PARASKEUAZOMENOI$, 'ALL' 'EP' 'EKEINWI "OU "ENEKA PANTA TA


<P 220A>
TOIAUTA PARASKEUAZETAI. 'OUC-"OTI POLLAKI$ LEGOMEN "W$
PERI= POLLOU POIOUMEQA CRUSION KAI 'ARGURION; 'ALLA= MH
'OUDEN TI MALLON "OUTW TO GE 'ALHQE$ 'ECHI5, 'ALL' 'EKEINO 'ESTIN
"O= PERI= PANTO$ POIOUMEQA, "O= 'AN4 FANHI 'ON, "OTOU "ENEKA KAI
CRUSION KAI PANTA TA PARASKEUAZOMENA PARASKEUAZETAI.
'A*R' "OUTW$ FHSOMEN: PANU GE. 'OUKOU*N-KAI PERI= TOU* FILOU
"O 'AUTO$ LOGO$: "OSA GAR FAMEN FILA 'EINAI "HMIN "ENEKA FILOU
<P 220B>
TINO$ "ETEROU, "RHMATI FAINOMEQA LEGONTE$ 'AUTO; FILON DE
TW*I-'ONTI KINDUNEUEI0 'EKEINO 'AUTO 'EINAI, 'EI$ "O= PASAI "AUTAI "AI
LEGOMENAI FILIAI TELEUTWSIN0. KINDUNEUEI0 "OUTW$, 'EFH, 'ECEIN.
'OUKOU*N TO GE TW*I-'ONTI FILON 'OU FILOU TINO$ "ENEKA FILON
'ESTIN: 'ALHQH.
TOUTO MEN-DH 'APHLLAKTAI, MH FILOU TINO$ "ENEKA TO
FILON FILON 'EINAI; 'ALL'-'A*RA TO 'AGAQON 'ESTIN FILON:
'EMOIGE DOKEI0. 'A*R'-'OUN DIA= TO KAKON TO 'AGAQON FILEITAI,
<P 220C>
KAI 'ECEI0 "WDE; 'EI TRIWN 'ONTWN0 "WN NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN, 'AGAQOU
KAI KAKOU KAI MHTE 'AGAQOU MHTE KAKOU, TA DUO LEIFQEIH, TO
DE KAKON 'EKPODWN 'APELQOI KAI MHDENO$ 'EFAPTOITO MHTE
SWMATO$ MHTE YUCH$ MHTE TWN 'ALLWN, "A DH FAMEN 'AUTA
KAQ' "AUTA 'OUTE KAKA 'EINAI 'OUTE 'AGAQA, 'A*RA TO=TE 'OUDEN 'AN4
"HMIN CRHSIMON 'EIH TO 'AGAQON, 'ALL' 'ACRHSTON 'AN4 GEGONO$
'EIH: 'EI GAR MHDEN "HMA$ 'ETI BLAPTOI, 'OUDEN 'AN4 'OUDEMIA$
<P 220D>
'WFELIA$ DEOIMEQA, KAI "OUTW DH 'AN4 TO=TE GENOITO KATADHLON
"OTI4 DIA= TO KAKON 'TAGAQON 'HGAPWMEN KAI 'EFILOUMEN, "W$
FARMAKON 'ON TOU* KAKOU TO 'AGAQON, TO DE KAKON NOSHMA;
NOSHMATO$ DE MH 'ONTO$ 'OUDEN DEI FARMAKOU. 'A*R' "OUTW
PEFUKE0 TE-KAI FILEITAI 'TAGAQON DIA= TO KAKON "UF' "HMWN, TWN
METAXU 'ONTWN0 TOU* KAKOU TE-KAI 'TAGAQOU, 'AUTO D' "EAUTOU
"ENEKA 'OUDEMIAN CREIAN 'ECEI0: 'EOIKEN0, 'H*-D'-"O$, "OUTW$ 'ECEIN.
TO 'A=RA FILON "HMIN 'EKEINO, 'EI$ "O= 'ETELEUTA PANTA TA 'A=LLA
<P 220E>
"ENEKA "ETEROU FILOU FILA 'EFAMEN 'EINAI 'EKEINA % 'OUDEN DE8
TOUTOI$ 'EOIKEN0. TAUTA MEN-GAR FILOU "ENEKA FILA KEKLHTAI,
TO DE TW*I-'ONTI FILON PAN 'TOUNANTION TOUTOU FAINETAI PEFUKO$;
FILON GAR "HMIN 'ANEFANH 'ON 'ECQROU "ENEKA, 'EI DE TO
'ECQRON 'APELQOI, 'OUKETI, "W$ 'EOIK'0, 'ESQ' "HMIN FILON. 'OU MOI
DOKEI0, 'EFH, "W$ GE NU*N LEGETAI. POTERON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PRO$
DIO$, 'EA=N TO KAKON 'APOLHTAI, 'OUDE PEINHN 'ETI 'ESTAI20 'OUDE


<P 221A>
DIYHN 'OUDE 'ALLO 'OUDEN TWN TOIOUTWN: 'H= PEINH MEN 'ESTAI,
'EANPER 'ANQRWPOI TE-KAI 'TALLA ZWIA 'HI, 'OU-MENTOI BLABERA
GE: KAI DIYA DH-KAI "AI 'ALLAI 'EPIQUMIAI, 'ALL' 'OU KAKAI, "ATE
TOU* KAKOU 'APOLWLOTO$: 'H= GELOION TO 'ERWTHMA, "OTI2 POT'
'ESTAI TO=TE 'H= MH 'ESTAI: TI=$ GAR 'OIDEN: 'ALL'-'OUN TODE G'
'ISMEN, "OTI4 KAI NU*N 'ESTIN2 PEINWNTA BLAPTESQAI, 'ESTIN2 DE-KAI
'WFELEISQAI. 'H*-GAR: PANU GE. 'OUKOU*N-KAI DIYWNTA KAI
<P 221B>
TWN 'ALLWN TWN TOIOUTWN PANTWN 'EPIQUMOUNTA 'ESTIN2 'ENIOTE
MEN 'WFELIMW$ 'EPIQUMEIN, 'ENIOTE DE BLABERW$, 'ENIOTE DE
MHDE=TERA: SFODRA GE. 'OUKOU*N 'EA=N 'APOLLUHTAI TA KAKA,
"A GE MH TUGCANEI0 'ONTA KAKA, TI= PROSHKEI0 TOI$ KAKOI$ SUNAPOLLUSQAI:
'OUDEN. 'ESONTAI 'A=RA "AI MHTE 'AGAQAI MHTE
KAKAI 'EPIQUMIAI KAI 'EA=N 'APOLHTAI TA KAKA. FAINETAI.
"OION-TE 'OUN 'ESTIN 'EPIQUMOUNTA KAI 'ERWNTA TOUTOU "OU 'EPIQUMEI0
KAI 'ERA*I0 MH FILEIN: 'OUK 'EMOIGE DOKEI0. 'ESTAI 'A=RA-KAI
<P 221C>
TWN KAKWN 'APOLOMENWN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, FIL' 'ATTA. NAI.
'OUK 'AN4, 'EI GE TO KAKON 'AITION 'H*N TOU* FILON TI 'EINAI, 'OUK 'AN4
'H*N TOUTOU 'APOLOMENOU FILON "ETERON "ETERWI. 'AITIA$ GAR
'APOLOMENH$ 'ADUNATON POU 'H*N 'ET' 'EKEINO 'EINAI, "OU 'H*N "AU=TH "H
'AITIA. 'ORQW$ LEGEI$. 'OUKOU*N "WMOLOGHTAI "HMIN TO FILON
FILEIN TI KAI DIA= TI; KAI 'WIHQHMEN TO=TE GE DIA= TO KAKON TO
MHTE 'AGAQON MHTE KAKON TO 'AGAQON FILEIN: 'ALHQH.
<P 221D>
NU*N DE-GE "W$ 'EOIKE0, FAINETAI 'ALLH TI$ 'AITIA TOU* FILEIN TE-KAI
FILEISQAI. 'EOIKEN0. 'A*R'-'OUN TW*I-'ONTI, "WSPER 'ARTI
'ELEGOMEN, "H 'EPIQUMIA TH$ FILIA$ 'AITIA, KAI TO 'EPIQUMOUN
FILON 'ESTIN TOUTWI "OU 'EPIQUMEI0 KAI TO=TE "OTAN 'EPIQUMHI5 "O= DE
TO PROTERON 'ELEGOMEN FILON 'EINAI, "UQLO$ TI$ 'H*N, "WSPER
POIHMA MAKRON SUGKEIMENON: KINDUNEUEI0, 'EFH. 'ALLA=-MENTOI,
'H*N-D'-'EGW, TO GE 'EPIQUMOUN, "OU 'AN4 'ENDEE$ 'HI TOUTOU
<P 221E>
'EPIQUMEI0. 'H*-GAR: NAI. TO D' 'ENDEE$ 'A=RA FILON 'EKEINOU
"OU 'AN4 'ENDEE$ 'HI: DOKEI0 MOI. 'ENDEE$ DE GIGNETAI "OU 'AN4 TI
'AFAIRHTAI. PW*$ D' 'OU=: TOU* 'OIKEIOU DH, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "O TE
'ERW$ KAI "H FILIA KAI "H 'EPIQUMIA TUGCANEI0 'OUSA, "W$ FAINETAI,
'W* MENEXENE TE-KAI LUSI. SUNEFATHN. "UMEI$ 'A=RA 'EI FILOI
'ESTON0 'ALLHLOI$, FUSEI PHI 'OIKEIOI 'ESQ'0 "UMIN-'AUTOI$. KOMIDHI,
'EFATHN. KAI 'EI 'A=RA TI$ "ETERO$ "ETEROU 'EPIQUMEI0, 'H*N-D'-'EGW,


<P 222A>
'W* PAIDE$, 'H= 'ERA*I0, 'OUK 'AN4 POTE 'EPEQUMEI 'OUDE 'HRA 'OUDE 'EFILEI,
'EI MH 'OIKEIO$ PHI TW*I 'ERWMENWI 'ETUGCANEN 'WN 'H= KATA THN
YUCHN 'H= KATA TI TH$ YUCH$ 'HQO$ 'H= TROPOU$ 'H= 'EIDO$.
PANU GE, 'EFH "O MENEXENO$; "O DE LUSI$ 'ESIGHSEN. 'EIEN,
'H*N-D'-'EGW. TO MEN-DH FUSEI 'OIKEION 'ANAGKAION "HMIN PEFANTAI
FILEIN. 'EOIKEN0, 'EFH. 'ANAGKAION 'A=RA TW*I GNHSIWI
'ERASTHI KAI MH PROSPOIHTWI FILEISQAI "UPO TWN PAIDIKWN.
<P 222B>
"O MEN-'OUN LUSI$ KAI "O MENEXENO$ MOGI$ PW$ 'EPENEUSATHN,
"O DE "IPPOQALH$ "UPO TH$ "HDONH$ PANTODAPA 'HFIEI CRWMATA.
KAI 'EGW 'EIPON, BOULOMENO$ TON LOGON 'EPISKEYASQAI, 'EI
MEN TI TO 'OIKEION TOU* "OMOIOU DIAFEREI0, LEGOIMEN 'AN4 TI, "W$
'EMOI4 DOKEI0, 'W* LUSI TE-KAI MENEXENE, PERI= FILOU, "O= 'ESTIN;
'EI DE 'TAUTON TUGCANEI0 'ON "OMOION TE-KAI 'OIKEION, 'OU "RA\DION
'APOBALEIN2 TON PROSQEN LOGON, "W$ 'OU TO "OMOION TW*I "OMOIWI
KATA THN "OMOIOTHTA 'ACRHSTON; TO DE 'ACRHSTON FILON
<P 222C>
"OMOLOGEIN PLHMMELE$. BOULESQ'0 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EPEIDH
"WSPER MEQUOMEN "UPO TOU* LOGOU, SUGCWRHSWMEN KAI FWMEN
"ETERON TI 'EINAI TO 'OIKEION TOU* "OMOIOU: PANU GE. POTERON
'OUN-KAI 'TAGAQON 'OIKEION QHSOMEN PANTI, TO DE KAKON 'ALLOTRION
'EINAI: 'H= TO MEN KAKON TW*I KAKWI 'OIKEION, TW*I DE 'AGAQWI TO
'AGAQON, TW*I DE MHTE 'AGAQWI MHTE KAKWI TO MHTE 'AGAQON
MHTE KAKON: "OUTW$ 'EFATHN DOKEIN SFISIN "EKASTON "EKASTWI
<P 222D>
'OIKEION 'EINAI. PALIN 'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* PAIDE$, "OU$ TO
PRWTON LOGOU$ 'APEBALOMEQA PERI= FILIA$, 'EI$ TOUTOU$
'EISPEPTWKAMEN; "O GAR 'ADIKO$ TW*I 'ADIKWI KAI "O KAKO$ TW*I
KAKWI 'OUDEN "HTTON FILO$ 'ESTAI 'H= "O 'AGAQO$ TW*I 'AGAQWI.
'EOIKEN0, 'EFH. TI= DE: TO 'AGAQON KAI TO 'OIKEION 'AN2 'TAUTON
FWMEN 'EINAI, 'ALLO TI 'H= "O 'AGAQO$ TW*I 'AGAQWI MONON FILO$:
PANU GE. 'ALLA=-MHN-KAI TOUTO GE 'WIOMEQA 'EXELEGXAI0 "HMA$-'AUTOU$;
'H= 'OU MEMNHSQE0: MEMNHMEQA.
<P 222E>
TI= 'OUN 'AN4 'ETI CRHSAIMEQA TW*I LOGWI: 'H= DHLON "OTI4 'OUDEN:
DEOMAI 'OUN, "WSPER "OI SOFOI 'EN TOI$ DIKASTHRIOI$, TA 'EIRHMENA
"APANTA 'ANAPEMPASASQAI. 'EI GAR-MHTE "OI FILOUMENOI MHTE
"OI FILOUNTE$ MHTE "OI "OMOIOI MHTE "OI 'ANOMOIOI MHTE "OI 'AGAQOI
MHTE "OI 'OIKEIOI MHTE TA 'A=LLA "OSA DIELHLUQAMEN % 'OU-GAR
'EGWGE 'ETI MEMNHMAI "UPO TOU* PLHQOU$ % 'ALL' 'EI MHDEN TOUTWN
FILON 'ESTIN, 'EGW MEN 'OUKETI 'ECW0 TI= LEGW3.


<P 223A>
TAUTA D' 'EIPWN 'EN NWI 'EICON 'ALLON 'HDH TINA TWN PRESBUTERWN
KINEIN; 'KA*ITA, "WSPER DAIMONE$ TINE$, PROSELQONTE$ "OI
PAIDAGWGOI, "O TE TOU* MENEXENOU KAI "O TOU* LUSIDO$, 'ECONTE$
'AUTWN TOU$ 'ADELFOU$, PAREKALOUN KAI 'EKELEUON 'AUTOU$ 'OIKAD'
'APIENAI; 'HDH GAR 'H*N 'OYE. TO MEN-'OUN PRWTON KAI "HMEI$
KAI "OI PERIESTWTE$ 'AUTOU$ 'APHLAUNOMEN; 'EPEIDH DE 'OUDEN
'EFRONTIZON "HMWN, 'ALL' "UPOBARBARIZONTE$ 'HGANAKTOUN TE-KAI
<P 223B>
'OUDEN "HTTON 'EKALOUN, 'ALL' 'EDOKOUN "HMIN "UPOPEPWKOTE$ 'EN TOI$
"ERMAIOI$ 'APOROI 'EINAI PROSFERESQAI, "HTTHQENTE$ 'OUN 'AUTWN
DIELUSAMEN THN SUNOUSIAN. "OMW$ D' 'EGWGE 'HDH 'APIONTWN0
'AUTWN, NU*N MEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* LUSI TE-KAI MENEXENE, KATAGELASTOI
GEGONAMEN 'EGW TE, GERWN 'ANHR, KAI "UMEI$. 'EROUSI2
GAR "OIDE 'APIONTE$ "W$ 'OIOMEQA "HMEI$ 'ALLHLWN FILOI 'EINAI %
KAI 'EME GAR 'EN "UMIN TIQHMI % 'OUPW DE "OTI2 'ESTIN "O FILO$ "OIOI-TE-'EGENOMEQA
'EXEUREIN.


<B MENEX>


<P 234A>
SW _ 'EX 'AGORA$ 'H= PO=QEN MENEXENO$:
MEN _ 'EX 'AGORA$, 'W* SWKRATE$, KAI 'APO TOU*
BOULEUTHRIOU.
SW _ TI= MALISTA SOI4 PRO$ BOULEUTHRION: 'H= DHLA DH "OTI4
PAIDEUSEW$ KAI FILOSOFIA$ 'EPI TELEI "HGHI0 'EINAI, KAI "W$
"IKANW$ 'HDH 'ECWN 'EPI TA MEIZW 'EPINOEI$ TREPESQAI, KAI
'ARCEIN "HMWN, 'W* QAUMASIE, 'EPICEIREI$ TWN PRESBUTERWN
<P 234B>
THLIKOUTO$ 'WN, "INA MH 'EKLIPHI6 "UMWN "H 'OIKIA 'AEI TINA "HMWN
'EPIMELHTHN PARECOMENH:
MEN _ 'EA=N SU GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EA*I$2 KAI SUMBOULEUHI$
'ARCEIN, PROQUMHSOMAI; 'EI DE MH, 'OU=. NU*N MENTOI 'AFIKOMHN
PRO$ TO BOULEUTHRION PUQOMENO$ "OTI4 "H BOULH MELLEI0 "AIREISQAI
"OSTI$ 'EREI2 'EPI TOI$ 'APOQANOUSIN; TAFA$ GAR 'OISQ' "OTI4
MELLOUSI0 POIEIN.
SW _ PANU GE; 'ALLA= TI=NA "EILONTO:
MEN _ 'OUDENA, 'ALLA= 'ANEBALONTO 'EI$ THN 'AURION. 'OIMAI
MENTOI 'ARCINON 'H= DIWNA "AIREQHSESQAI.
<P 234C>
SW _ KAI-MHN, 'W* MENEXENE, POLLACHI KINDUNEUEI0 KALON
'EINAI TO 'EN POLEMWI 'APOQNHISKEIN. KAI-GAR TAFH$ KALH$ TE-KAI
MEGALOPREPOU$ TUGCANEI0, KAI 'EA=N PENH$ TI$ 'WN TELEUTHSHI6,
KAI 'EPAINOU 'AU 'ETUCEN, KAI 'EA=N FAULO$ 'HI, "UP' 'ANDRWN SOFWN
TE-KAI 'OUK 'EIKHI 'EPAINOUNTWN0, 'ALLA= 'EK POLLOU CRONOU LOGOU$
PARESKEUASMENWN, "OI= "OUTW$ KALW$ 'EPAINOUSIN0, "WSTE KAI TA


<P 235A>
PROSONTA KAI TA MH PERI= "EKASTOU LEGONTE$, KALLISTA PW$
TOI$ 'ONOMASI POIKILLONTE$, GOHTEUOUSIN0 "HMWN TA$ YUCA$,
KAI THN POLIN 'EGKWMIAZONTE$ KATA PANTA$ TROPOU$ KAI TOU$
TETELEUTHKOTA$ 'EN TW*I POLEMWI KAI TOU$ PROGONOU$ "HMWN
"APANTA$ TOU$ 'EMPROSQEN KAI 'AUTOU$-"HMA$ TOU$ 'ETI ZWNTA$
'EPAINOUNTE$, "WST' 'EGWGE, 'W* MENEXENE, GENNAIW$ PANU DIATIQEMAI
'EPAINOUMENO$ "UP' 'AUTWN, KAI "EKASTOTE 'EXESTHKA
<P 235B>
'AKROWMENO$ KAI KHLOUMENO$, "HGOUMENO$ 'EN TW*I PARACRHMA
MEIZWN KAI GENNAIOTERO$ KAI KALLIWN GEGONENAI. KAI "OI*A
DH TA POLLA 'AEI MET' 'EMOU4 XENOI TINE$ "EPONTAI KAI SUNAKROWNTAI0
PRO$ "OU$ 'EGW SEMNOTERO$ 'EN TW*I PARACRHMA
GIGNOMAI; KAI-GAR 'EKEINOI 'TAUTA TAUTA DOKOUSI0 MOI PASCEIN
KAI PRO$ 'EME KAI PRO$ THN 'ALLHN POLIN, QAUMASIWTERAN
'AUTHN "HGEISQAI 'EINAI 'H= PROTERON, "UPO TOU* LEGONTO$ 'ANAPEIQOMENOI.
KAI MOI "AU=TH "H SEMNOTH$ PARAMENEI0 "HMERA$ PLEIW
<P 235C>
'H= TREI$; "OUTW$ 'ENAULO$ "O LOGO$ TE-KAI "O FQOGGO$ PARA TOU*
LEGONTO$ 'ENDUETAI 'EI$ TA 'WTA, "WSTE MOGI$ TETARTHI 'H= PEMPTHI
"HMERA\ 'ANAMIMNHISKOMAI 'EMAUTOU KAI 'AISQANOMAI "OU GH$ 'EIMI,
TEW$ DE 'OIMAI MONON 'OUK 'EN MAKARWN NHSOI$ 'OIKEIN; "OUTW$ "HMIN
"OI "RHTORE$ DEXIOI 'EISIN.
MEN _ 'AEI SU PROSPAIZEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$, TOU$ "RHTORA$.
NU*N MENTOI 'OIMAI 'EGW TON "AIREQENTA 'OU PANU 'EUPORHSEIN; 'EX
"UPOGUOU GAR PANTAPASIN "H "AIRESI$ GEGONEN0, "WSTE 'ISW$
'ANAGKASQHSETAI "O LEGWN "WSPER 'AUTOSCEDIAZEIN.
<P 235D>
SW _ PO=QEN, 'WGAQE: 'EISIN "EKASTOI$ TOUTWN LOGOI PARESKEUASMENOI,
KAI "AMA 'OUDE 'AUTOSCEDIAZEIN TA GE TOIAUTA
CALEPON. 'EI MEN-GAR DEOI 'AQHNAIOU$ 'EN PELOPONNHSIOI$ 'EU
LEGEIN 'H= PELOPONNHSIOU$ 'EN 'AQHNAIOI$, 'AGAQOU 'AN4 "RHTORO$
DEOI TOU* PEISONTO$ KAI 'EUDOKIMHSONTO$; "OTAN DE TI$ 'EN TOUTOI$
'AGWNIZHTAI "OUSPER KAI 'EPAINEI0, 'OUDEN MEGA DOKEIN 'EU LEGEIN.
MEN _ 'OUK 'OIEI, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW _ 'OU-MENTOI MA DI=A.
<P 235E>
MEN _ 'H* 'OIEI "OIO$-T' 'AN4 'EINAI 'AUTO$ 'EIPEIN, 'EI DEOI KAI
"ELOITO SE "H BOULH:
SW _ KAI 'EMOI4 MEN-GE, 'W* MENEXENE, 'OUDEN QAUMASTON "OIWI-T'-'EINAI
'EIPEIN, "WI TUGCANEI0 DIDASKALO$ 'OUSA 'OU PANU FAULH
PERI= "RHTORIKH$, 'ALL' "HPER KAI 'ALLOU$ POLLOU$ KAI 'AGAQOU$
PEPOIHKE0 "RHTORA$, "ENA DE-KAI DIAFERONTA TWN "ELLHNWN,
PERIKLEA TON XANQIPPOU.
MEN _ TI=$ "AU=TH: 'H= DHLON "OTI4 'ASPASIAN LEGEI$:
SW _ LEGW0 GAR, KAI KONNON GE TON MHTROBIOU; "OUTOI GAR


<P 236A>
MOI DUO 'EISIN DIDASKALOI, "O MEN MOUSIKH$, "H DE "RHTORIKH$.
"OUTW MEN-'OUN TREFOMENON 'ANDRA 'OUDEN QAUMASTON DEINON 'EINAI
LEGEIN; 'ALLA=-KAI "OSTI$ 'EMOU4 KAKION 'EPAIDEUQH, MOUSIKHN MEN
"UPO LAMPROU PAIDEUQEI$, "RHTORIKHN DE "UP' 'ANTIFWNTO$ TOU*
"RAMNOUSIOU, "OMW$ 'KAN4 "OUTO$ "OIO$-T'-'EIH 'AQHNAIOU$ GE 'EN
'AQHNAIOI$ 'EPAINWN 'EUDOKIMEIN.
MEN _ KAI TI= 'AN4 'ECOI$ 'EIPEIN, 'EI DEOI SE LEGEIN:
SW _ 'AUTO$ MEN PAR' 'EMAUTOU 'ISW$ 'OUDEN, 'ASPASIA$ DE-KAI
<P 236B>
CQE$ 'HKROWMHN PERAINOUSH$ 'EPITAFION LOGON PERI= 'AUTWN
TOUTWN. 'HKOUSE GAR "APER SU LEGEI$, "OTI4 MELLOIEN 'AQHNAIOI
"AIREISQAI TON 'EROUNTA2; 'EPEITA TA MEN 'EK TOU* PARACRHMA MOI
DIHIEI, "OI*A DEOI LEGEIN, TA DE PROTERON 'ESKEMMENH, "OTE MOI
DOKEI0 SUNETIQEI TON 'EPITAFION LOGON "ON PERIKLH$ 'EI*PEN,
PERILEIMMAT' 'ATTA 'EX 'EKEINOU SUGKOLLWSA.
MEN _ 'H*-KAI MNHMONEUSAI$ 'AN4 "A 'ELEGEN "H 'ASPASIA:
SW _ 'EI MH 'ADIKW0 GE; 'EMANQANON GE-TOI PAR' 'AUTH$, KAI
<P 236C>
'OLIGOU PLHGA$ 'ELABON "OT' 'EPELANQANOMHN.
MEN _ TI= 'OUN 'OU DIHLQE$:
SW _ 'ALL' "OPW$ MH MOI CALEPANEI2 "H DIDASKALO$, 'AN2
'EXENEGKW 'AUTH$ TON LOGON.
MEN _ MHDAMW$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALL' 'EIPE=, KAI PANU MOI
CARIHI2, 'EI=TE 'ASPASIA$ BOULEI LEGEIN 'EI=TE "OTOUOUN; 'ALLA=
MONON 'EIPE=.
SW _ 'ALL' 'ISW$ MOU KATAGELASHI2, 'AN2 SOI4 DOXW4 PRESBUTH$
'WN 'ETI PAIZEIN.
MEN _ 'OUDAMW$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALL' 'EIPE= PANTI TROPWI.
SW _ 'ALLA=-MENTOI SOI4 GE DEI CARIZESQAI, "WSTE 'KAN4 'OLIGOU,
<P 236D>
'EI ME KELEUOI$ 'APODUNTA 'ORCHSASQAI, CARISAIMHN 'AN4, 'EPEIDH
GE MONW 'ESMEN. 'ALL' 'AKOUE. 'ELEGE GAR, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, 'ARXAMENH
LEGEIN 'AP' 'AUTWN TWN TEQNEWTWN "OUTWSI.
'ERGWI MEN "HMIN "OIDE 'ECOUSIN0 TA PROSHKONTA SFISIN-'AUTOI$,
"WN TUCONTE$ POREUONTAI THN "EIMARMENHN POREIAN, PROPEMFQENTE$
KOINHI MEN "UPO TH$ POLEW$, 'IDIA\ DE "UPO TWN 'OIKEIWN;
LOGWI DE-DH TON LEIPOMENON KOSMON "O TE NOMO$ PROSTATTEI0
<P 236E>
'APODOUNAI0 TOI$ 'ANDRASIN KAI CRH. 'ERGWN GAR 'EU PRACQENTWN5
LOGWI KALW$ "RHQENTI MNHMH KAI KOSMO$ TOI$ PRAXASI GIGNETAI
PARA TWN 'AKOUSANTWN0; DEI DH TOIOUTOU TINO$ LOGOU "OSTI$
TOU$ MEN TETELEUTHKOTA$ "IKANW$ 'EPAINESETAI, TOI$ DE ZWSIN
'EUMENW$ PARAINESETAI, 'EKGONOI$ MEN-KAI 'ADELFOI$ MIMEISQAI
THN TWNDE 'ARETHN PARAKELEUOMENO$, PATERA$ DE-KAI MHTERA$
KAI 'EI TINE$ TWN 'ANWQEN 'ETI PROGONWN LEIPONTAI, TOUTOU$ DE


<P 237A>
PARAMUQOUMENO$. TI=$ 'OUN 'AN4 "HMIN TOIOUTO$ LOGO$ FANEIH: 'H=
PO=QEN 'AN4 'ORQW$ 'ARXAIMEQA 'ANDRA$ 'AGAQOU$ 'EPAINOUNTE$, "OI=
ZWNTE$ TE TOU$ "EAUTWN 'HUFRAINON DI' 'ARETHN, KAI THN TELEUTHN
'ANTI TH$ TWN ZWNTWN0 SWTHRIA$ 'HLLAXANTO: DOKEI0 MOI CRHNAI0
KATA FUSIN, "WSPER 'AGAQOI 'EGENONTO, "OUTW KAI 'EPAINEIN 'AUTOU$.
'AGAQOI DE 'EGENONTO DIA= TO FUNAI0 'EX 'AGAQWN. THN
'EUGENEIAN 'OUN PRWTON 'AUTWN 'EGKWMIAZWMEN, DEUTERON DE TROFHN
<P 237B>
TE-KAI PAIDEIAN; 'EPI DE TOUTOI$ THN TWN 'ERGWN PRAXIN 'EPIDEIXWMEN,
"W$ KALHN KAI 'AXIAN TOUTWN 'APEFHNANTO. TH$ D'
'EUGENEIA$ PRWTON "UPHRXE TOISDE "H TWN PROGONWN GENESI$
'OUK 'EPHLU$ 'OUSA, 'OUDE TOU$ 'EKGONOU$ TOUTOU$ 'APOFHNAMENH
METOIKOUNTA$ 'EN THI CWRA\ 'ALLOQEN SFWN "HKONTWN0, 'ALL'
'AUTOCQONA$ KAI TW*I-'ONTI 'EN PATRIDI 'OIKOUNTA$ KAI ZWNTA$,
KAI TREFOMENOU$ 'OUC "UPO MHTRUIA$ "W$ "OI 'ALLOI, 'ALL' "UPO
<P 237C>
MHTRO$ TH$ CWRA$ 'EN "HI 'WIKOUN, KAI NU*N KEISQAI TELEUTHSANTA$
'EN 'OIKEIOI$ TOPOI$ TH$ TEKOUSH$ KAI QREYASH$ KAI "UPODEXAMENH$.
DIKAIOTATON DH KOSMHSAI0 PRWTON THN MHTERA 'AUTHN;
"OUTW GAR SUMBAINEI0 "AMA KAI "H TWNDE 'EUGENEIA KOSMOUMENH.
'ESTI DE 'AXI=A "H CWRA KAI "UPO PANTWN 'ANQRWPWN 'EPAINEISQAI,
'OU MONON "UF' "HMWN, POLLACHI MEN-KAI 'ALLHI, PRWTON
DE-KAI MEGISTON "OTI4 TUGCANEI0 'OUSA QEOFILH$. MARTUREI0 DE
"HMWN TW*I LOGWI "H TWN 'AMFISBHTHSANTWN0 PERI= 'AUTH$ QEWN
<P 237D>
'ERI$ TE-KAI KRISI$; "HN DH QEOI 'EPHINESAN, PW*$ 'OUC "UP'
'ANQRWPWN GE SUMPANTWN DIKAI=A 'EPAINEISQAI: DEUTERO$ DE
'EPAINO$ DIKAIW$ 'AN4 'AUTH$ 'EIH, "OTI4 'EN 'EKEINWI TW*I CRONWI, 'EN "WI "H
PASA GH 'ANEDIDOU KAI 'EFUE ZWIA PANTODAPA, QHRIA TE-KAI BOTA,
'EN TOUTWI "H "HMETE=RA QHRIWN MEN 'AGRIWN 'AGONO$ KAI KAQARA
'EFANH, 'EXELEXATO DE TWN ZWIWN KAI 'EGENNHSEN 'ANQRWPON, "O=
SUNESEI TE "UPERECEI0 TWN 'ALLWN KAI DIKHN KAI QEOU$ MONON
<P 237E>
NOMIZEI0. MEGA DE TEKMHRION TOUTWI TW*I LOGWI, "OTI4 "HDE 'ETEKEN
"H GH TOU$ TWNDE TE-KAI "HMETEROU$ PROGONOU$. PAN GAR TO
TEKON TROFHN 'ECEI0 'EPITHDEIAN "WI 'AN4 TEKHI6, "WI KAI GUNH DHLH
TEKOUSA TE 'ALHQW$ KAI MH, 'ALL' "UPOBALLOMENH, 'EA=N MH 'ECHI5
PHGA$ TROFH$ TW*I GENNWMENWI. "O= DH-KAI "H "HMETE=RA GH TE-KAI
MHTHR "IKANON TEKMHRION PARECETAI "W$ 'ANQRWPOU$ GENNHSAMENH;
MONH GAR 'EN TW*I TO=TE KAI PRWTH TROFHN 'ANQRWPEIAN


<P 238A>
'HNEGKEN TON TWN PURWN KAI KRIQWN KARPON, "WI KALLISTA KAI
'ARISTA TREFETAI TO 'ANQRWPEION GENO$, "W$ TW*I-'ONTI TOUTO TO
ZWION 'AUTH GENNHSAMENH. MALLON DE "UPER GH$ 'H= GUNAIKO$
PROSHKEI0 DECESQAI TOIAUTA TEKMHRIA; 'OU-GAR GH GUNAIKA
MEMIMHTAI KUHSEI KAI GENNHSEI, 'ALLA= GUNH GHN. TOUTOU DE
TOU* KARPOU 'OUK 'EFQONHSEN, 'ALL' 'ENEIMEN KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$.
META DE TOUTO 'ELAIOU GENESIN, PONWN 'ARWGHN, 'ANHKEN TOI$
<P 238B>
'EKGONOI$; QREYAMENH DE-KAI 'AUXHSASA PRO$ "HBHN 'ARCONTA$
KAI DIDASKALOU$ 'AUTWN QEOU$ 'EPHGAGETO; "WN TA MEN 'ONOMATA
PREPEI0 'EN TW*I TOIWIDE 'EA*N % 'ISMEN GAR % "OI= TON BION "HMWN
KATESKEUASAN PRO$ TE THN KAQ' "HMERAN DIAITAN, TECNA$ PRWTOU$
PAIDEUSAMENOI, KAI PRO$ THN "UPER TH$ CWRA$ FULAKHN
"OPLWN KTHSIN TE-KAI CRHSIN DIDAXAMENOI.
GENNHQENTE$ DE-KAI PAIDEUQENTE$ "OUTW$ "OI TWNDE PROGONOI
'WIKOUN POLITEIAN KATASKEUASAMENOI, "H$ 'ORQW$ 'ECEI0 DIA= BRACEWN
<P 238C>
'EPIMNHSQHNAI. POLITEIA GAR TROFH 'ANQRWPWN 'ESTIN,
KALH MEN 'AGAQWN, "H DE 'ENANTIA KAKWN. "W$ 'OUN 'EN KALHI
POLITEIA\ 'ETRAFHSAN "OI PROSQEN "HMWN, 'ANAGKAION DHLWSAI0,
DI' "HN DH 'KAKEINOI 'AGAQOI KAI "OI NU*N 'EISIN, "WN "OIDE TUGCANOUSIN0
'ONTE$ "OI TETELEUTHKOTE$. "H GAR 'AUTH POLITEIA KAI TO=TE 'H*N
KAI NU*N 'ARISTOKRATIA, 'EN "HI NU*N TE POLITEUOMEQA KAI TON 'AEI
CRONON 'EX 'EKEINOU "W$ TA POLLA. KALEI0 DE "O MEN 'AUTHN
<P 238D>
DHMOKRATIAN, "O DE 'ALLO, "WI 'AN4 CAIRHI5, 'ESTI DE THI 'ALHQEIA\ MET'
'EUDOXIA$ PLHQOU$ 'ARISTOKRATIA. BASILH$ MEN-GAR 'AEI "HMIN
'EISIN; "OUTOI DE TOTE= MEN 'EK GENOU$, TOTE= DE "AIRETOI; 'EGKRATE$
DE TH$ POLEW$ TA POLLA TO PLHQO$, TA$ DE 'ARCA$ DIDWSI
KAI KRATO$ TOI$ 'AEI DOXASIN 'ARISTOI$ 'EINAI, KAI-'OUTE 'ASQENEIA\
'OUTE PENIA\ 'OUT' 'AGNWSIA\ PATERWN 'APELHLATAI 'OUDEI$ 'OUDE
TOI$ 'ENANTIOI$ TETIMHTAI, "WSPER 'EN 'ALLAI$ POLESIN, 'ALLA=
"EI$ "ORO$, "O DOXA$ SOFO$ 'H= 'AGAQO$ 'EINAI KRATEI0 KAI 'ARCEI0.
<P 238E>
'AITIA DE "HMIN TH$ POLITEIA$ TAUTH$ "H 'EX 'ISOU GENESI$. "AI MEN-GAR
'ALLAI POLEI$ 'EK PANTODAPWN KATESKEUASMENAI 'ANQRWPWN
'EISI KAI 'ANWMALWN, "WSTE 'AUTWN 'ANWMALOI KAI "AI POLITEIAI,
TURANNIDE$ TE-KAI 'OLIGARCIAI; 'OIKOUSIN0 'OUN 'ENIOI MEN DOULOU$,
"OI DE DESPOTA$ 'ALLHLOU$ NOMIZONTE$; "HMEI$ DE-KAI "OI "HMETEROI,


<P 239A>
MIA$ MHTRO$ PANTE$ 'ADELFOI FUNTE$, 'OUK 'AXIOUMEN DOULOI
'OUDE DESPOTAI 'ALLHLWN 'EINAI, 'ALL' "H 'ISOGONIA "HMA$ "H KATA
FUSIN 'ISONOMIAN 'ANAGKAZEI0 ZHTEIN KATA NOMON, KAI MHDENI
'ALLWI "UPEIKEIN 'ALLHLOI$ 'H= 'ARETH$ DOXHI KAI FRONHSEW$.
"OQEN DH 'EN PASHI 'ELEUQERIA\ TEQRAMMENOI "OI TWNDE GE
PATERE$ KAI "OI "HMETEROI KAI 'AUTOI "OUTOI, KAI KALW$ FUNTE$,
POLLA DH-KAI KALA 'ERGA 'APEFHNANTO 'EI$ PANTA$ 'ANQRWPOU$
<P 239B>
KAI 'IDIA\ KAI DHMOSIA\, 'OIOMENOI DEIN "UPER TH$ 'ELEUQERIA$ KAI
"ELLHSIN "UPER "ELLHNWN MACESQAI KAI BARBAROI$ "UPER
"APANTWN TWN "ELLHNWN. 'EUMOLPOU MEN-'OUN-KAI 'AMAZONWN
'EPISTRATEUSANTWN0 'EPI THN CWRAN KAI TWN 'ETI PROTERWN "W$
'HMUNANTO, KAI "W$ 'HMUNAN 'ARGEIOI$ PRO$ KADMEIOU$ KAI
"HRAKLEIDAI$ PRO$ 'ARGEIOU$, "O TE CRONO$ BRACU$ 'AXIW$
DIHGHSASQAI, POIHTAI TE 'AUTWN 'HDH KALW$ THN 'ARETHN 'EN
MOUSIKHI "UMNHSANTE$ 'EI$ PANTA$ MEMHNUKASIN; 'EA=N 'OUN "HMEI$
<P 239C>
'EPICEIRWMEN TA 'AUTA LOGWI YILWI KOSMEIN, TAC' 'AN4 DEUTEROI
FAINOIMEQA. TAUTA MEN-'OUN DIA= TAUTA DOKEI0 MOI 'EA*N, 'EPEIDH
KAI 'ECEI0 THN 'AXIAN; "WN DE-'OUTE POIHTH$ PW DOXAN 'AXIAN 'EP'
'AXIOI$ LABWN 'ECEI0 'ETI TE 'ESTIN 'EN 'AMNHSTIA\, TOUTWN PE=RI MOI
DOKEI0 CRHNAI0 'EPIMNHSQHNAI 'EPAINOUNTA TE-KAI PROMNWMENON
'ALLOI$ 'E$ 'WIDA$ TE-KAI THN 'ALLHN POIHSIN 'AUTA QEINAI0
PREPONTW$ TWN PRAXANTWN0. 'ESTIN DE TOUTWN "WN LEGW0
<P 239D>
PRWTA; PERSA$ "HGOUMENOU$ TH$ 'ASIA$ KAI DOULOUMENOU$ THN
'EURWPHN 'ESCON "OI THSDE TH$ CWRA$ 'EKGONOI, GONH$ DE "HMETEROI,
"WN KAI DIKAION KAI CRH PRWTON MEMNHMENOU$ 'EPAINESAI0
'AUTWN THN 'ARETHN. DEI DH 'AUTHN 'IDEIN, 'EI MELLEI0 TI$ KALW$
'EPAINEIN, 'EN 'EKEINWI TW*I CRONWI GENOMENON LOGWI, "OTE PASA MEN
"H 'ASIA 'EDOULEUE TRITWI 'HDH BASILEI, "WN "O MEN PRWTO$ KURO$
'ELEUQERWSA$ PERSA$ TOU$ "AUTOU POLITA$ TW*I "AUTOU FRONHMATI
<P 239E>
"AMA KAI TOU$ DESPOTA$ MHDOU$ 'EDOULWSATO KAI TH$ 'ALLH$
'ASIA$ MECRI 'AIGUPTOU 'HRXEN, "O DE "UO$ 'AIGUPTOU TE-KAI
LIBUH$ "OSON "OION-T'-'H*N 'EPIBAINEIN, TRITO$ DE DAREIO$ PEZHI
MEN MECRI SKUQWN THN 'ARCHN "WRISATO, NAUSI DE TH$ TE


<P 240A>
QALATTH$ 'EKRATEI KAI TWN NHSWN, "WSTE MHDE 'AXIOUN0 'ANTIPALON
'AUTWI MHDENA 'EINAI; "AI DE GNWMAI DEDOULWMENAI "APANTWN
'ANQRWPWN 'HSAN; "OUTW POLLA KAI MEGALA KAI MACIMA GENH
KATADEDOULWMENH 'H*N "H PERSWN 'ARCH. 'AITIASAMENO$ DE
DAREIO$ "HMA$ TE-KAI 'ERETRIA$, SARDESIN 'EPIBOULEUSAI0
PROFASIZOMENO$, PEMYA$ MURIADA$ MEN PENTHKONTA 'EN TE
PLOIOI$ KAI NAUSIN, NAU$ DE TRIAKOSIA$, DATIN DE 'ARCONTA,
'EI*PEN "HKEIN 'AGONTA 'ERETRIA$ KAI 'AQHNAIOU$, 'EI BOULOITO THN
<P 240B>
"EAUTOU KEFALHN 'ECEIN; "O DE PLEUSA$ 'EI$ 'ERETRIAN 'EP' 'ANDRA$
"OI= TWN TO=TE "ELLHNWN 'EN TOI$ 'EUDOKIMWTATOI 'HSAN TA PRO$
TON POLEMON KAI 'OUK 'OLIGOI, TOUTOU$ 'ECEIRWSATO MEN 'EN
TRISIN "HMERAI$, DIHREUNHSATO DE 'AUTWN PASAN THN CWRAN,
"INA MHDEI$ 'APOFUGOI, TOIOUTWI TROPWI; 'EPI TA "ORIA 'ELQONTE$
TH$ 'ERETRIKH$ "OI STRATIWTAI 'AUTOU4, 'EK QALATTH$ 'EI$ QALATTAN
DIASTANTE$, SUNAYANTE$ TA$ CEIRA$ DIHLQON "APASAN THN
<P 240C>
CWRAN, "IN' 'ECOIEN TW*I BASILEI 'EIPEIN "OTI4 'OUDEI$ SFA$ 'APOPEFEUGW$
'EIH. THI D' 'AUTHI DIANOIA\ KATHGAGONTO 'EX 'ERETRIA$
'EI$ MARAQWNA, "W$ "ETOIMON SFISIN 'ON KAI 'AQHNAIOU$ 'EN THI
'AUTHI TAUTHI 'ANAGKHI ZEUXANTA$ 'ERETRIEUSIN 'AGEIN. TOUTWN
DE TWN MEN PRACQENTWN5, TWN D' 'EPICEIROUMENWN 'OUT'
'ERETRIEUSIN 'EBOHQHSEN "ELLHNWN 'OUDEI$ 'OUTE 'AQHNAIOI$
PLHN LAKEDAIMONIWN % "OUTOI DE THI "USTERAIA\ TH$ MACH$ 'AFIKONTO %
"OI D' 'ALLOI PANTE$ 'EKPEPLHGMENOI, 'AGAPWNTE$ THN
<P 240D>
'EN TW*I PARONTI SWTHRIAN, "HSUCIAN 'HGON. 'EN TOUTWI DH 'AN4
TI$ GENOMENO$ GNOIH "OIOI 'A=RA 'ETUGCANON 'ONTE$ THN 'ARETHN "OI
MARAQWNI DEXAMENOI THN TWN BARBARWN DUNAMIN KAI KOLASAMENOI
THN "UPERHFANIAN "OLH$ TH$ 'ASIA$ KAI PRWTOI STHSANTE$
TROPAIA TWN BARBARWN, "HGEMONE$ KAI DIDASKALOI TOI$ 'ALLOI$
GENOMENOI "OTI4 'OUK 'AMACO$ 'EIH "H PERSWN DUNAMI$, 'ALLA= PAN
PLHQO$ KAI PA$ PLOUTO$ 'ARETHI "UPEIKEI0. 'EGW MEN-'OUN 'EKEINOU$
<P 240E>
TOU$ 'ANDRA$ FHMI 'OU MONON TWN SWMATWN TWN "HMETERWN
PATERA$ 'EINAI, 'ALLA=-KAI TH$ 'ELEUQERIA$ TH$ TE "HMETERA$ KAI
SUMPANTWN TWN 'EN THIDE THI 'HPEIRWI; 'EI$ 'EKEINO GAR TO 'ERGON
'APOBLEYANTE$ KAI TA$ "USTERA$ MACA$ 'ETOLMHSAN DIAKINDUNEUEIN
"OI "ELLHNE$ "UPER TH$ SWTHRIA$, MAQHTAI TWN MARAQWNI
GENOMENOI. TA MEN-'OUN 'ARISTEIA TW*I LOGWI 'EKEINOI$ 'ANAQETEON,


<P 241A>
TA DE DEUTEREIA TOI$ PERI= SALAMINA KAI 'EP' 'ARTEMISIWI
NAUMACHSASI KAI NIKHSASI. KAI-GAR TOUTWN TWN 'ANDRWN
POLLA MEN 'AN4 TI$ 'ECOI DIELQEIN, KAI "OI*A 'EPIONTA "UPEMEINAN
KATA TE GHN KAI KATA QALATTAN, KAI "W$ 'HMUNANTO TAUTA; "O=
DE MOI DOKEI0 KAI 'EKEINWN KALLISTON 'EINAI, TOUTOU MNHSQHSOMAI,
"OTI4 TO "EXH$ 'ERGON TOI$ MARAQWNI DIEPRAXANTO. "OI MEN-GAR
MARAQWNI TOSOUTON MONON 'EPEDEIXAN TOI$ "ELLHSIN, "OTI4
<P 241B>
KATA GHN "OION-TE 'AMUNASQAI TOU$ BARBAROU$ 'OLIGOI$ POLLOU$,
NAUSI DE 'ETI 'H*N 'ADHLON KAI DOXAN 'EICON PERSAI 'AMACOI 'EINAI
KATA QALATTAN KAI PLHQEI KAI PLOUTWI KAI TECNHI KAI "RWMHI;
TOUTO DH 'AXION 'EPAINEIN TWN 'ANDRWN TWN TO=TE NAUMACHSANTWN0,
"OTI4 TON 'ECOMENON FOBON DIELUSAN TWN "ELLHNWN KAI 'EPAUSAN
FOBOUMENOU$ PLHQO$ NEWN TE-KAI 'ANDRWN. "UP' 'AMFOTERWN
DH SUMBAINEI0, TWN TE MARAQWNI MACESAMENWN KAI TWN 'EN
<P 241C>
SALAMINI NAUMACHSANTWN0, PAIDEUQHNAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ "ELLHNA$,
"UPO MEN TWN KATA GHN, "UPO DE TWN KATA QALATTAN
MAQONTA$ KAI 'EQISQENTA$ MH FOBEISQAI TOU$ BARBAROU$.
TRITON DE LEGW0 TO 'EN PLATAIAI$ 'ERGON KAI 'ARIQMWI KAI 'ARETHI
GENESQAI TH$ "ELLHNIKH$ SWTHRIA$, KOINON 'HDH TOUTO LAKEDAIMONIWN
TE-KAI 'AQHNAIWN. TO MEN-'OUN MEGISTON KAI
CALEPWTATON "OUTOI PANTE$ 'HMUNANTO, KAI DIA= TAUTHN THN
'ARETHN NU*N TE "UF' "HMWN 'EGKWMIAZONTAI KAI 'EI$ TON 'EPEITA
<P 241D>
CRONON "UPO TWN "USTERON; META DE TOUTO POLLAI MEN POLEI$
TWN "ELLHNWN 'ETI 'HSAN META TOU* BARBAROU, 'AUTO$ DE
'HGGELLETO BASILEU$ DIANOEISQAI "W$ 'EPICEIRHSWN PALIN 'EPI
TOU$ "ELLHNA$. DIKAION DH-KAI TOUTWN "HMA$ 'EPIMNHSQHNAI,
"OI= TOI$ TWN PROTERWN 'ERGOI$ TELO$ TH$ SWTHRIA$ 'EPEQESAN
'ANAKAQHRAMENOI KAI 'EXELASANTE$ PAN TO BARBARON 'EK TH$
QALATTH$. 'HSAN DE "OUTOI "OI TE 'EP' 'EURUMEDONTI NAUMACHSANTE$
<P 241E>
KAI "OI 'EI$ KUPRON STRATEUSANTE$ KAI "OI 'EI$ 'AIGUPTON
PLEUSANTE$ KAI 'ALLOSE POLLACOSE, "WN CRH MEMNHSQAI KAI
CARIN 'AUTOI$ 'EIDENAI, "OTI4 BASILEA 'EPOIHSAN DEISANTA THI
"EAUTOU SWTHRIA\ TON NOUN PROSECEIN, 'ALLA= MH THI TWN "ELLHNWN
'EPIBOULEUEIN FQORA*I.
KAI "OUTO$ MEN-DH PASHI THI POLEI DIHNTLHQH "O POLEMO$ "UPER


<P 242A>
"EAUTWN TE-KAI TWN 'ALLWN "OMOFWNWN PRO$ TOU$ BARBAROU$;
'EIRHNH$ DE GENOMENH$ KAI TH$ POLEW$ TIMWMENH$ 'HLQEN 'EP'
'AUTHN, "O= DH FILEI0 'EK TWN 'ANQRWPWN TOI$ 'EU PRATTOUSI4
PROSPIPTEIN, PRWTON MEN ZHLO$, 'APO ZHLOU DE FQONO$; "O= KAI
THNDE THN POLIN 'AKOUSAN 'EN POLEMWI TOI$ "ELLHSI KATESTHSEN.
META DE TOUTO GENOMENOU POLEMOU, SUNEBALON MEN
'EN TANAGRA\ "UPER TH$ BOIWTWN 'ELEUQERIA$ LAKEDAIMONIOI$
<P 242B>
MACOMENOI, 'AMFISBHTHSIMOU DE TH$ MACH$ GENOMENH$, DIEKRINE
TO "USTERON 'ERGON; "OI MEN-GAR 'WICONTO 'APIONTE$, KATALIPONTE$
BOIWTOU$8 "OI$ 'EBOHQOUN, "OI D' "HMETEROI TRITHI "HMERA\ 'EN 'OINOFUTOI$
NIKHSANTE$ TOU$ 'ADIKW$ FEUGONTA$ DIKAIW$ KATHGAGON.
"OUTOI DH PRWTOI META TON PERSIKON POLEMON, "ELLHSIN 'HDH
"UPER TH$ 'ELEUQERIA$ BOHQOUNTE$ PRO$ "ELLHNA$, 'ANDRE$ 'AGAQOI
<P 242C>
GENOMENOI KAI 'ELEUQERWSANTE$ "OI$ 'EBOHQOUN, 'EN TWIDE TW*I
MNHMATI TIMHQENTE$ "UPO TH$ POLEW$ PRWTOI 'ETEQHSAN. META
DE TAUTA POLLOU POLEMOU GENOMENOU, KAI PANTWN TWN
"ELLHNWN 'EPISTRATEUSANTWN0 KAI TEMONTWN3 THN CWRAN KAI
'ANAXIAN CARIN 'EKTINONTWN0 THI POLEI, NIKHSANTE$ 'AUTOU$
NAUMACIA\ "OI "HMETEROI KAI LABONTE$ 'AUTWN TOU$ "HGEMONA$
LAKEDAIMONIOU$ 'EN THI SFAGIA\, 'EXON 'AUTOI$ DIAFQEIRAI0 'EFEISANTO
<P 242D>
KAI 'APEDOSAN KAI 'EIRHNHN 'EPOIHSANTO, "HGOUMENOI PRO$
MEN TO "OMOFULON MECRI NIKH$ DEIN POLEMEIN, KAI MH DI'
'ORGHN 'IDIAN POLEW$ TO KOINON TWN "ELLHNWN DIOLLUNAI,
PRO$ DE TOU$ BARBAROU$ MECRI DIAFQORA$. TOUTOU$ DH 'AXION
'EPAINESAI0 TOU$ 'ANDRA$, "OI= TOUTON TON POLEMON POLEMHSANTE$
'ENQADE KEINTAI, "OTI4 'EPEDEIXAN, 'EI TI$ 'A=RA 'HMFESBHTEI "W$ 'EN
TW*I PROTERWI POLEMWI TW*I PRO$ TOU$ BARBAROU$ 'ALLOI TINE$
'EIEN 'AMEINOU$ 'AQHNAIWN, "OTI4 'OUK 'ALHQH 'AMFISBHTOIEN; "OUTOI
<P 242E>
GAR 'ENTAUQA 'EDEIXAN, STASIASASH$ TH$ "ELLADO$ PERIGENOMENOI
TW*I POLEMWI, TOU$ PROESTWTA$ TWN 'ALLWN "ELLHNWN
CEIRWSAMENOI, MEQ' "WN TO=TE TOU$ BARBAROU$ 'ENIKWN KOINHI,
TOUTOU$ NIKWNTE$ 'IDIA\. TRITO$ DE POLEMO$ META TAUTHN THN
'EIRHNHN 'ANELPISTO$ TE-KAI DEINO$ 'EGENETO, 'EN "WI POLLOI KAI
'AGAQOI TELEUTHSANTE$ 'ENQADE KEINTAI, POLLOI MEN 'AMFI SIKELIAN


<P 243A>
PLEISTA TROPAIA STHSANTE$ "UPER TH$ LEONTINWN
'ELEUQERIA$, "OI$ BOHQOUNTE$ DIA= TOU$ "ORKOU$ 'EPLEUSAN 'EI$
'EKEINOU$ TOU$ TOPOU$, DIA= DE MHKO$ TOU* PLOU 'EI$ 'APORIAN
TH$ POLEW$ KATASTASH$ KAI 'OU DUNAMENH$ 'AUTOI$ "UPHRETEIN,
TOUTWI 'APEIPONTE$ 'EDUSTUCHSAN; "WN "OI 'ECQROI KAI PROSPOLEMHSANTE$
PLEIW 'EPAINON 'ECOUSI0 SWFROSUNH$ KAI 'ARETH$ 'H=
TWN 'ALLWN "OI FILOI; POLLOI D' 'EN TAI$ NAUMACIAI$ TAI$ KAQ'
"ELLHSPONTON, MIA*I MEN "HMERA\ PASA$ TA$ TWN POLEMIWN
<P 243B>
"ELONTE$ NAU$, POLLA$ DE-KAI 'ALLA$ NIKHSANTE$; "O= D' 'EIPON
DEINON KAI 'ANELPISTON TOU* POLEMOU GENESQAI, TODE LEGW0 TO
'EI$ TOSOUTON FILONIKIA$ 'ELQEIN PRO$ THN POLIN TOU$ 'ALLOU$
"ELLHNA$, "WSTE TOLMHSAI0 TW*I 'ECQISTWI 'EPIKHRUKEUSASQAI
BASILEI, "ON KOINHI 'EXEBALON MEQ' "HMWN, 'IDIA\ TOUTON PALIN
'EPAGESQAI, BARBARON 'EF' "ELLHNA$, KAI SUNAQROISAI0 'EPI
THN POLIN PANTA$ "ELLHNA$ TE-KAI BARBAROU$. "OU DH-KAI
<P 243C>
'EKFANH$ 'EGENETO "H TH$ POLEW$ "RWMH TE-KAI 'ARETH. 'OIOMENWN
GAR 'HDH 'AUTHN KATAPEPOLEMHSQAI KAI 'APEILHMMENWN 'EN
MUTILHNHI TWN NEWN, BOHQHSANTE$ "EXHKONTA NAUSIN, 'AUTOI
'EMBANTE$ 'EI$ TA$ NAU$, KAI 'ANDRE$ GENOMENOI "OMOLOGOUMENW$
'ARISTOI, NIKHSANTE$ MEN TOU$ POLEMIOU$, LUSAMENOI DE TOU$
FILIOU$, 'ANAXIOU TUCH$ TUCONTE$, 'OUK 'ANAIREQENTE$ 'EK TH$
QALATTH$ KEINTAI 'ENQADE. "WN CRH 'AEI MEMNHSQAI TE-KAI
<P 243D>
'EPAINEIN; THI MEN-GAR 'EKEINWN 'ARETHI 'ENIKHSAMEN 'OU MONON
THN TO=TE NAUMACIAN, 'ALLA=-KAI TON 'ALLON POLEMON; DOXAN
GAR DI' 'AUTOU$ "H POLI$ 'ESCEN MH POT' 'AN4 KATAPOLEMHQHNAI
MHD' "UPO PANTWN 'ANQRWPWN % KAI 'ALHQH 'EDOXEN % THI DE "HMETERA\-'AUTWN
DIAFORA*I 'EKRATHQHMEN, 'OUC "UPO TWN 'ALLWN; 'AHTTHTOI
GAR 'ETI KAI NU*N "UPO GE 'EKEINWN 'ESMEN, "HMEI$ DE 'AUTOI "HMA$-'AUTOU$
KAI 'ENIKHSAMEN KAI "HTTHQHMEN. META DE TAUTA
<P 243E>
"HSUCIA$ GENOMENH$ KAI 'EIRHNH$ PRO$ TOU$ 'ALLOU$, "O 'OIKEIO$
"HMIN POLEMO$ "OUTW$ 'EPOLEMHQH, "WSTE 'EIPER "EIMARMENON 'EIH
'ANQRWPOI$ STASIASAI0, MH 'AN4 'ALLW$ 'EUXASQAI MHDENA POLIN
"EAUTOU NOSHSAI0. 'EK TE-GAR TOU* PEIRAIW$ KAI TOU* 'ASTEW$
"W$ "ASMENW$ KAI 'OIKEIW$ 'ALLHLOI$ SUNEMEIXAN "OI POLITAI KAI
PAR' 'ELPIDA TOI$ 'ALLOI$ "ELLHSI, TON TE PRO$ TOU$ 'ELEUSINI


<P 244A>
POLEMON "W$ METRIW$ 'EQENTO; KAI TOUTWN "APANTWN 'OUDEN 'A=LL'2
'AITION 'H= "H TW*I-'ONTI SUGGENEIA, FILIAN BEBAION KAI "OMOFULON
'OU LOGWI 'ALL' 'ERGWI PARECOMENH. CRH DE-KAI TWN 'EN TOUTWI
TW*I POLEMWI TELEUTHSANTWN0 "UP' 'ALLHLWN MNEIAN 'ECEIN KAI
DIALLATTEIN 'AUTOU$ "WI DUNAMEQA, 'EUCAI$ KAI QUSIAI$, 'EN TOI$
TOIOISDE, TOI$ KRATOUSIN4 'AUTWN 'EUCOMENOU$, 'EPEIDH KAI "HMEI$
DIHLLAGMEQA. 'OU-GAR KAKIA\ 'ALLHLWN "HYANTO 'OUD' 'ECQRA\
<P 244B>
'ALLA= DUSTUCIA\. MARTURE$ DE "HMEI$ 'AUTOI 'ESMEN TOUTWN "OI
ZWNTE$; "OI 'AUTOI GAR 'ONTE$ 'EKEINOI$ GENEI SUGGNWMHN 'ALLHLOI$
'ECOMEN "WN T' 'EPOIHSAMEN "WN T' 'EPAQOMEN. META DE TOUTO
PANTELW$ 'EIRHNH$ "HMIN GENOMENH$, "HSUCIAN 'HGEN "H POLI$,
TOI$ MEN BARBAROI$ SUGGIGNWSKOUSA, "OTI4 PAQONTE$ "UP' 'AUTH$
KAKW$ "IKANW$8 'OUK 'ENDEW$ 'HMUNANTO, TOI$ DE "ELLHSIN
'AGANAKTOUSA, MEMNHMENH "W$ 'EU PAQONTE$ "UP' 'AUTH$ "OIAN
<P 244C>
CARIN 'APEDOSAN, KOINWSAMENOI TOI$ BARBAROI$, TA$ TE NAU$
PERIELOMENOI "AI= POT' 'EKEINOU$ 'ESWSAN, KAI TEICH KAQELONTE$
'ANQ' "WN "HMEI$ 'TAKEINWN 'EKWLUSAMEN PESEIN; DIANOOUMENH DE
"H POLI$ MH 'AN4 'ETI 'AMUNAI0 MHTE "ELLHSI PRO$ 'ALLHLWN
DOULOUMENOI$ MHTE "UPO BARBARWN, "OUTW$ 'WIKEI. "HMWN 'OUN
'EN TOIAUTHI DIANOIA\ 'ONTWN0 "HGHSAMENOI LAKEDAIMONIOI TOU$ MEN
TH$ 'ELEUQERIA$ 'EPIKOUROU$ PEPTWKENAI "HMA$, SFETERON DE 'HDH
<P 244D>
'ERGON 'EINAI KATADOULOUSQAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$, TAUT' 'EPRATTON. KAI
MHKUNEIN MEN TI= DEI: 'OU-GAR PALAI 'OUDE PALAIWN 'ANQRWPWN
GEGONOTA LEGOIM' 'AN4 TA META TAUTA; 'AUTOI GAR 'ISMEN "W$
'EKPEPLHGMENOI 'AFIKONTO 'EI$ CREIAN TH$ POLEW$ TWN TE "ELLHNWN
"OI PRWTOI, 'ARGEIOI KAI BOIWTOI KAI KORINQIOI, KAI TO
GE QEIOTATON PANTWN, TO KAI BASILEA 'EI$ TOUTO 'APORIA$
'AFIKESQAI, "WSTE PERISTHNAI0 'AUTWI MHDAMOQEN 'ALLOQEN THN
SWTHRIAN GENESQAI 'ALL'-'H= 'EK TAUTH$ TH$ POLEW$, "HN PROQUMW$
<P 244E>
'APWLLU. KAI-DH-KAI 'EI TI$ BOULOITO TH$ POLEW$ KATHGORHSAI0
DIKAIW$, TOUT' 'AN4 MONON LEGWN 'ORQW$ 'AN4 KATHGOROI,
"W$ 'AEI LIAN FILOIKTIRMWN 'ESTI KAI TOU* "HTTONO$ QERAPI$. KAI-DH-KAI
'EN TW*I TO=TE CRONWI 'OUC "OI=A-TE-'EGENETO KARTERHSAI0 'OUDE
DIAFULAXAI0 "A 'EDEDOKTO 'AUTHI, TO MHDENI DOULOUMENWI BOHQEIN


<P 245A>
TWN SFA$ 'ADIKHSANTWN0, 'ALLA= 'EKAMFQH KAI 'EBOHQHSEN, KAI
TOU$ MEN "ELLHNA$ 'AUTH BOHQHSASA 'APELUSATO DOULEIA$,
"WST' 'ELEUQEROU$ 'EINAI MECRI "OU PALIN 'AUTOI "AUTOU$ KATEDOULWSANTO,
BASILEI DE 'AUTH MEN 'OUK 'ETOLMHSEN BOHQHSAI0,
'AISCUNOMENH TA TROPAIA TA TE MARAQWNI KAI SALAMINI KAI
PLATAIAI$, FUGADA$ DE-KAI 'EQELONTA$ 'EASASA MONON BOHQHSAI0
"OMOLOGOUMENW$ 'ESWSEN. TEICISAMENH DE-KAI NAUPHGHSAMENH,
<P 245B>
'EKDEXAMENH TON POLEMON, 'EPEIDH 'HNAGKASQH POLEMEIN, "UPER
PARIWN 'EPOLEMEI LAKEDAIMONIOI$. FOBHQEI$ DE BASILEU$
THN POLIN, 'EPEIDH "EWRA LAKEDAIMONIOU$ TW*I KATA QALATTAN
POLEMWI 'APAGOREUONTA$, 'APOSTHNAI0 BOULOMENO$ 'EXHITEI TOU$
"ELLHNA$ TOU$ 'EN THI 'HPEIRWI, "OUSPER PROTERON LAKEDAIMONIOI
'AUTWI 'EXEDOSAN, 'EI MELLOI SUMMACHSEIN "HMIN TE-KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$
SUMMACOI$, "HGOUMENO$ 'OUK 'EQELHSEIN, "IN' 'AUTWI PROFASI$ 'EIH
<P 245C>
TH$ 'APOSTASEW$. KAI TWN MEN 'ALLWN SUMMACWN 'EYEUSQH;
'HQELHSAN GAR 'AUTWI 'EKDIDONAI KAI SUNEQENTO KAI 'WMOSAN
KORINQIOI KAI 'ARGEIOI KAI BOIWTOI KAI "OI 'ALLOI SUMMACOI,
'EI MELLOI CRHMATA PAREXEIN, 'EKDWSEIN TOU$ 'EN THI 'HPEIRWI
"ELLHNA$; MONOI DE "HMEI$ 'OUK 'ETOLMHSAMEN 'OUTE 'EKDOUNAI0
'OUTE 'OMOSAI0. "OUTW DH-TOI TO GE TH$ POLEW$ GENNAION KAI
'ELEUQERON BEBAION TE-KAI "UGIE$ 'ESTIN KAI FUSEI MISOBARBARON,
<P 245D>
DIA= TO 'EILIKRINW$ 'EINAI "ELLHNA$ KAI 'AMIGEI$ BARBARWN.
'OU-GAR PELOPE$ 'OUDE KADMOI 'OUDE 'AIGUPTOI TE-KAI
DANAOI 'OUDE 'ALLOI POLLOI FUSEI MEN BARBAROI 'ONTE$, NOMWI
DE "ELLHNE$, SUNOIKOUSIN0 "HMIN, 'ALL' 'AUTOI "ELLHNE$, 'OU
MEIXOBARBAROI 'OIKOUMEN, "OQEN KAQARON TO MISO$ 'ENTETHKE0 THI
POLEI TH$ 'ALLOTRIA$ FUSEW$. "OMW$ D'-'OUN 'EMONWQHMEN PALIN
<P 245E>
DIA= TO MH 'EQELEIN 'AISCRON KAI 'ANOSION 'ERGON 'ERGASASQAI
"ELLHNA$ BARBAROI$ 'EKDONTE$. 'ELQONTE$ 'OUN 'EI$ 'TAUTA 'EX
"WN KAI TO PROTERON KATEPOLEMHQHMEN, SUN QEWI 'AMEINON 'H= TO=TE
'EQEMEQA TON POLEMON; KAI-GAR NAU$ KAI TEICH 'ECONTE$ KAI
TA$ "HMETERA$-'AUTWN 'APOIKIA$ 'APHLLAGHMEN TOU* POLEMOU
"OUTW$, "WST'7 'AGAPHTW$ 'APHLLATTONTO KAI "OI POLEMIOI.
'ANDRWN MENTOI 'AGAQWN KAI 'EN TOUTWI TW*I POLEMWI 'ESTERHQHMEN,
TWN TE 'EN KORINQWI CRHSAMENWN DUSCWRIA\ KAI 'EN LECAIWI


<P 246A>
PRODOSIA\; 'AGAQOI DE-KAI "OI BASILEA 'ELEUQERWSANTE$ KAI
'EKBALONTE$ 'EK TH$ QALATTH$ LAKEDAIMONIOU$; "WN 'EGW MEN
"UMA$ 'ANAMIMNHISKW0, "UMA$ DE PREPEI0 SUNEPAINEIN TE-KAI KOSMEIN
TOIOUTOU$ 'ANDRA$.
KAI TA MEN-DH 'ERGA TAUTA TWN 'ANDRWN TWN 'ENQADE KEIMENWN
KAI TWN 'ALLWN "OSOI "UPER TH$ POLEW$ TETELEUTHKASI, POLLA
MEN TA 'EIRHMENA KAI KALA, POLU D' 'ETI PLEIW KAI KALLIW TA
<P 246B>
"UPOLEIPOMENA; POLLAI GAR 'AN4 "HMERAI KAI NUKTE$ 'OUC "IKANAI
GENOINTO TW*I TA PANTA MELLONTI PERAINEIN. TOUTWN 'OUN CRH
MEMNHMENOU$ TOI$ TOUTWN 'EKGONOI$ PANT' 'ANDRA PARAKELEUESQAI,
"WSPER 'EN POLEMWI, MH LEIPEIN THN TAXIN THN TWN
PROGONWN MHD' 'EI$ 'TOUPISW 'ANACWREIN 'EIKONTA$ KA=KHI. 'EGW
MEN-'OUN-KAI 'AUTO$, 'W* PAIDE$ 'ANDRWN 'AGAQWN, NU*N TE PARAKELEUOMAI
KAI 'EN TW*I LOIPWI CRONWI, "OPOU 'AN4 TWI 'ENTUGCANW3
<P 246C>
"UMWN, KAI 'ANAMNHSW2 KAI DIAKELEUSOMAI PROQUMEISQAI 'EINAI
"W$ 'ARISTOU$; 'EN DE TW*I PARONTI DIKAIO$ 'EIMI 'EIPEIN "A "OI
PATERE$ "HMIN 'EPESKHPTON 'APAGGELLEIN TOI$ 'AEI LEIPOMENOI$,
'EI TI PASCOIEN, "HNIKA KINDUNEUSEIN 'EMELLON. FRASW2 DE "UMIN
"A TE 'AUTWN 'HKOUSA 'EKEINWN KAI "OI*A NU*N "HDEW$ 'AN4 'EIPOIEN "UMIN
LABONTE$ DUNAMIN, TEKMAIROMENO$ 'EX "WN TO=TE 'ELEGON. 'ALLA=
NOMIZEIN CRH 'AUTWN 'AKOUEIN 'EKEINWN "A 'AN4 'APAGGELLW3; 'ELEGON
DE TADE %
<P 246D>
'W* PAIDE$, "OTI4 MEN 'ESTE0 PATERWN 'AGAQWN, 'AUTO MHNUEI0 TO
NU*N PARON; "HMIN DE 'EXON ZHN MH KALW$, KALW$ "AIROUMEQA
MALLON TELEUTAN, PRIN "UMA$ TE-KAI TOU$ 'EPEITA 'EI$ 'ONEIDH
KATASTHSAI0 KAI PRIN TOU$ "HMETEROU$ PATERA$ KAI PAN TO
PROSQEN GENO$ 'AISCUNAI0, "HGOUMENOI TW*I TOU$ "AUTOU 'AISCUNANTI
'ABIWTON 'EINAI, KAI TW*I TOIOUTWI 'OUTE TINA 'ANQRWPWN 'OUTE
QEWN FILON 'EINAI 'OUT' 'EPI GH$ 'OUQ' "UPO GH$ TELEUTHSANTI.
CRH 'OUN MEMNHMENOU$ TWN "HMETERWN LOGWN, 'EA=N TI KAI 'ALLO
<P 246E>
'ASKHTE, 'ASKEIN MET' 'ARETH$, 'EIDOTA$ "OTI4 TOUTOU LEIPOMENA
PANTA KAI KTHMATA KAI 'EPITHDEUMATA 'AISCRA KAI KAKA. 'OUTE-GAR
PLOUTO$ KALLO$ FEREI0 TW*I KEKTHMENWI MET' 'ANANDRIA$ %
'ALLWI GAR "O TOIOUTO$ PLOUTEI0 KAI 'OUC "EAUTWI % 'OUTE SWMATO$
KALLO$ KAI 'ISCU$ DEILWI KAI KAKWI SUNOIKOUNTA PREPONTA
FAINETAI 'ALL' 'APREPH, KAI 'EPIFANESTERON POIEI0 TON 'ECONTA
KAI 'EKFAINEI0 THN DEILIAN; PASA TE 'EPISTHMH CWRIZOMENH


<P 247A>
DIKAIOSUNH$ KAI TH$ 'ALLH$ 'ARETH$ PANOURGIA, 'OU SOFIA
FAINETAI. "WN "ENEKA KAI PRWTON KAI "USTATON KAI DIA= PANTO$
PASAN PANTW$ PROQUMIAN PEIRASQE3 'ECEIN "OPW$ MALISTA MEN
"UPERBALEISQE KAI "HMA$ KAI TOU$ PROSQEN 'EUKLEIA\; 'EI DE MH,
'ISTE2 "W$ "HMIN, 'AN2 MEN NIKWMEN2 "UMA$ 'ARETHI, "H NIKH 'AISCUNHN
FEREI0, "H DE "HTTA, 'EA=N "HTTWMEQA2 'EUDAIMONIAN. MALISTA D'
'AN4 NIKWIMEQA KAI "UMEI$ NIKWIHTE, 'EI PARASKEUASAISQE THI TWN
<P 247B>
PROGONWN DOXHI MH KATACRHSOMENOI MHD' 'ANALWSONTE$ 'AUTHN,
GNONTE$ "OTI4 'ANDRI 'OIOMENWI TI 'EINAI 'OUK 'ESTIN 'AISCION 'OUDEN
'H= PARECEIN "EAUTON TIMWMENON MH DI' "EAUTON 'ALLA= DIA= DOXAN
PROGONWN. 'EINAI MEN-GAR TIMA$ GONEWN 'EKGONOI$ KALO$
QHSAURO$ KAI MEGALOPREPH$; CRHSQAI DE-KAI CRHMATWN KAI
TIMWN QHSAURWI, KAI MH TOI$ 'EKGONOI$ PARADIDONAI, 'AISCRON
KAI 'ANANDRON, 'APORIA\ 'IDIWN "AUTOU KTHMATWN TE-KAI 'EUDOXIWN.
<P 247C>
KAI 'EA=N MEN TAUTA 'EPITHDEUSHTE, FILOI PARA FILOU$ "HMA$
'AFIXESQE, "OTAN "UMA$ "H PROSHKOUSA MOIRA KOMISHI6; 'AMELHSANTA$
DE "UMA$ KAI KAKISQENTA$ 'OUDEI$ 'EUMENW$ "UPODEXETAI.
TOI$ MEN-'OUN PAISI TAUT' 'EIRHSQW.
PATERA$ DE "HMWN, "OI$ 'EISI, KAI MHTERA$ 'AEI CRH PARAMUQEISQAI
"W$ "RA*ISTA FEREIN THN SUMFORAN, 'EA=N 'A=RA SUMBHI6
GENESQAI, KAI MH SUNODURESQAI % 'OU-GAR TOU* LUPHSONTO$
<P 247D>
PROSDEHSONTAI; "IKANH GAR 'ESTAI KAI "H GENOMENH TUCH TOUTO
PORIZEIN % 'ALL' 'IWMENOU$ KAI PRAUNONTA$ 'ANAMIMNHISKEIN 'AUTOU$
"OTI4 "WN 'HUCONTO TA MEGISTA 'AUTOI$ "OI QEOI 'EPHKOOI
GEGONASIN. 'OU-GAR 'AQANATOU$ SFISI PAIDA$ 'HUCONTO GENESQAI
'ALL' 'AGAQOU$ KAI 'EUKLEEI$, "WN 'ETUCON, MEGISTWN 'AGAQWN
'ONTWN0; PANTA DE 'OU "RA\DION QNHTWI 'ANDRI KATA NOUN 'EN TW*I
"EAUTOU BIWI 'EKBAINEIN. KAI FERONTE$ MEN 'ANDREIW$ TA$
SUMFORA$ DOXOUSI2 TW*I-'ONTI 'ANDREIWN PAIDWN PATERE$ 'EINAI
<P 247E>
KAI 'AUTOI TOIOUTOI, "UPEIKONTE$ DE "UPOYIAN PAREXOUSIN2 'H= MH
"HMETEROI 'EINAI 'H= "HMWN TOU$ 'EPAINOUNTA$ KATAYEUDESQAI; CRH
DE 'OUDE=TERA TOUTWN, 'ALL' 'EKEINOU$ MALISTA "HMWN 'EPAINETA$
'EINAI 'ERGWI, PARECONTA$ "AUTOU$ FAINOMENOU$ TW*I-'ONTI PATERA$
'ONTA$ 'ANDRA$ 'ANDRWN. PALAI GAR-DH TO MHDEN 'AGAN LEGOMENON
KALW$ DOKEI0 LEGESQAI; TW*I GAR 'ONTI 'EU LEGETAI. "OTWI
GAR 'ANDRI 'EI$ "EAUTON 'ANHRTHTAI PANTA TA PRO$ 'EUDAIMONIAN


<P 248A>
FERONTA 'H= 'EGGU$ TOUTOU, KAI MH 'EN 'ALLOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$
'AIWREITAI 'EX "WN 'H= 'EU 'H= KAKW$ PRAXANTWN0 PLANASQAI 'HNAGKASTAI
KAI TA 'EKEINOU, TOUTWI 'ARISTA PARESKEUASTAI ZHN,
"OUTO$ 'ESTIN "O SWFRWN KAI "OUTO$ "O 'ANDREIO$ KAI FRONIMO$;
"OUTO$ GIGNOMENWN CRHMATWN KAI PAIDWN KAI DIAFQEIROMENWN
MALISTA PEISETAI THI PAROIMIA\; 'OUTE-GAR CAIRWN 'OUTE LUPOUMENO$
'AGAN FANHSETAI DIA= TO "AUTWI PEPOIQENAI. TOIOUTOU$
<P 248B>
DE "HMEI$ GE 'AXIOUMEN KAI TOU$ "HMETEROU$ 'EINAI KAI BOULOMEQA
KAI FAMEN, KAI "HMA$-'AUTOU$ NU*N PARECOMEN TOIOUTOU$, 'OUK
'AGANAKTOUNTA$ 'OUDE FOBOUMENOU$ 'AGAN 'EI DEI TELEUTAN 'EN TW*I
PARONTI. DEOMEQA DH-KAI PATERWN KAI MHTERWN THI 'AUTHI TAUTHI
DIANOIA\ CRWMENOU$ TON 'EPILOIPON BION DIAGEIN, KAI 'EIDENAI
"OTI4 'OU QRHNOUNTE$ 'OUDE 'OLOFUROMENOI "HMA$ "HMIN MALISTA
CARIOUNTAI, 'ALL' 'EI TI$ 'ESTI TOI$ TETELEUTHKOSIN 'AISQHSI$
<P 248C>
TWN ZWNTWN0, "OUTW$ 'ACARISTOI 'EIEN 'AN4 MALISTA, "EAUTOU$ TE
KAKOUNTE$ KAI BAREW$ FERONTE$ TA$ SUMFORA$; KOUFW$ DE-KAI
METRIW$ MALIST' 'AN4 CARIZOINTO. TA MEN-GAR "HME=TERA TELEUTHN
'HDH "EXEI2 "HPER KALLISTH GIGNETAI 'ANQRWPOI$, "WSTE PREPEI0
'AUTA MALLON KOSMEIN 'H= QRHNEIN; GUNAIKWN DE TWN "HMETERWN
KAI PAIDWN 'EPIMELOUMENOI KAI TREFONTE$ KAI 'ENTAUQA TON
NOUN TREPONTE$ TH$ TE TUCH$ MALIST' 'AN4 'EIEN 'EN LHQHI KAI
<P 248D>
ZWIEN KALLION KAI 'ORQOTERON KAI "HMIN PROSFILESTERON. TAUTA
DH "IKANA TOI$ "HMETEROI$ PAR' "HMWN 'AGGELLEIN; THI DE POLEI
PARAKELEUOIMEQ' 'AN4 "OPW$ "HMIN KAI PATERWN KAI "UEWN
'EPIMELHSONTAI, TOU$ MEN PAIDEUONTE$ KOSMIW$, TOU$ DE
GHROTROFOUNTE$ 'AXIW$; NU*N DE 'ISMEN "OTI4 KAI 'EA=N MH "HMEI$
PARAKELEUWMEQA, "IKANW$ 'EPIMELHSETAI.
TAUTA 'OUN, 'W* PAIDE$ KAI GONH$ TWN TELEUTHSANTWN0, 'EKEINOI
<P 248E>
TE 'EPESKHPTON "HMIN 'APAGGELLEIN, KAI 'EGW "W$ DUNAMAI PROQUMOTATA
'APAGGELLW0; KAI 'AUTO$ DEOMAI "UPER 'EKEINWN, TWN MEN
MIMEISQAI TOU$ "AUTWN, TWN DE QARREIN "UPER "AUTWN, "W$ "HMWN
KAI 'IDIA\ KAI DHMOSIA\ GHROTROFHSONTWN "UMA$ KAI 'EPIMELHSOMENWN,
"OPOU 'AN4 "EKASTO$ "EKASTWI 'ENTUGCANHI5 "OTWIOUN TWN
'EKEINWN. TH$ DE POLEW$ 'ISTE0 POU-KAI 'AUTOI THN 'EPIMELEIAN,
"OTI4 NOMOU$ QEMENH PERI= TOU$ TWN 'EN TW*I POLEMWI TELEUTHSANTWN0
PAIDA$ TE-KAI GENNHTORA$ 'EPIMELEITAI, KAI DIAFERONTW$


<P 249A>
TWN 'ALLWN POLITWN PROSTETAKTAI FULATTEIN 'ARCHI
"HPER MEGISTH 'ESTIN, "OPW$ 'AN4 "OI TOUTWN MH 'ADIKWNTAI PATERE$
TE-KAI MHTERE$; TOU$ DE PAIDA$ SUNEKTREFEI0 'AUTH, PROQUMOUMENH
"OTI2 MALIST' 'ADHLON 'AUTOI$ THN 'ORFANIAN GENESQAI, 'EN
PATRO$ SCHMATI KATASTASA 'AUTOI$ 'AUTH 'ETI TE PAISIN 'OUSIN,
KAI 'EPEIDAN 'EI$ 'ANDRO$ TELO$ 'IWSIN, 'APOPEMPEI0 'EPI TA SFE=TER'-'AUTWN
PANOPLIA\ KOSMHSASA, 'ENDEIKNUMENH KAI 'ANAMIMNHISKOUSA
TA TOU* PATRO$ 'EPITHDEUMATA 'ORGANA TH$ PATRWIA$
<P 249B>
'ARETH$ DIDOUSA, KAI "AMA 'OIWNOU CARIN 'ARCESQAI 'IENAI 'EPI THN
PATRWIAN "ESTIAN 'ARXONTA MET' 'ISCUO$ "OPLOI$ KEKOSMHMENON.
'AUTOU$ DE TOU$ TELEUTHSANTA$ TIMWSA 'OUDEPOTE 'EKLEIPEI0,
KAQ' "EKASTON 'ENIAUTON 'AUTH TA NOMIZOMENA POIOUSA KOINHI
PASIN "APER "EKASTWI 'IDIA\ GIGNETAI, PRO$ DE TOUTOI$ 'AGWNA$
GUMNIKOU$ KAI "IPPIKOU$ TIQEISA KAI MOUSIKH$ PASH$, KAI
'ATECNW$ TWN MEN TELEUTHSANTWN0 'EN KLHRONOMOU KAI "UEO$
<P 249C>
MOIRA\ KAQESTHKUIA, TWN DE "UEWN 'EN PATRO$, GONEWN DE TWN
TOUTWN 'EN 'EPITROPOU, PASAN PANTWN PARA PANTA TON CRONON
'EPIMELEIAN POIOUMENH. "WN CRH 'ENQUMOUMENOU$ PRA\OTERON
FEREIN THN SUMFORAN; TOI$ TE-GAR TELEUTHSASI KAI TOI$
ZWSIN4 "OUTW$ 'AN4 PROSFILESTATOI 'EI*TE KAI "RA*ISTOI QERAPEUEIN
TE-KAI QERAPEUESQAI. NU*N DE 'HDH "UMEI$ TE-KAI "OI 'ALLOI
PANTE$ KOINHI KATA TON NOMON TOU$ TETELEUTHKOTA$ 'APOLOFURAMENOI
'APITE2.
<P 249D>
"OUTO$ SOI4 "O LOGO$, 'W* MENEXENE, 'ASPASIA$ TH$ MILHSIA$
'ESTIN.
MEN _ NH DI=A, 'W* SWKRATE$, MAKARIAN GE LEGEI$ THN
'ASPASIAN, 'EI GUNH 'OUSA TOIOUTOU$ LOGOU$ "OI=A-T'-'ESTI
SUNTIQENAI.
SW _ 'ALL' 'EI MH PISTEUEI$, 'AKOLOUQEI5 MET' 'EMOU4, KAI
'AKOUSHI2 'AUTH$ LEGOUSH$.
MEN _ POLLAKI$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EGW 'ENTETUCHKA 'ASPASIA\,
KAI 'OIDA "OI=A 'ESTIN.
SW _ TI= 'OUN: 'OUK 'AGASAI 'AUTHN KAI NU*N CARIN 'ECEI$ TOU*
LOGOU 'AUTHI:
MEN _ KAI POLLHN GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EGW CARIN 'ECW0 TOUTOU
<P 249E>
TOU* LOGOU 'EKEINHI 'H= 'EKEINWI "OSTI$ SOI4 "O 'EIPWN 'ESTIN 'AUTON;
KAI PRO$ GE 'ALLWN POLLWN CARIN 'ECW0 TW*I 'EIPONTI.
SW _ 'EU 'AN4 'ECOI; 'ALL' "OPW$ MOU MH KATEREI$2, "INA KAI
'AUQI$ SOI4 POLLOU$ KAI KALOU$ LOGOU$ PAR' 'AUTH$ POLITIKOU$
'APAGGELLW3.
MEN _ QARREI5, 'OU KATERW2; MONON 'APAGGELLE.
SW _ 'ALLA= TAUT' 'ESTAI.


<B MEN>


<P 70A>
MEN ^ 'ECEI$ MOI 'EIPEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'A*RA DIDAKTON "H
'ARETH: 'H= 'OU DIDAKTON 'ALL' 'ASKHTON: 'H= 'OUTE 'ASKHTON 'OUTE
MAQHTON, 'ALLA= FUSEI PARAGIGNETAI TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ 'H= 'ALLWI
TINI TROPWI:
SW ^ 'W* MENWN, PRO TOU* MEN QETTALOI 'EUDOKIMOI 'HSAN
'EN TOI$ "ELLHSIN KAI 'EQAUMAZONTO 'EF' "IPPIKHI TE-KAI PLOUTWI,
<P 70B>
NU*N DE, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0, KAI 'EPI SOFIA\, KAI 'OUC "HKISTA "OI TOU*
SOU2 "ETAIROU 'ARISTIPPOU POLITAI LARISAIOI. TOUTOU DE "UMIN
'AITIO$ 'ESTI GORGIA$; 'AFIKOMENO$ GAR 'EI$ THN POLIN 'ERASTA$
'EPI SOFIA\ 'EILHFEN0 'ALEUADWN TE TOU$ PRWTOU$, "WN "O SO$
'ERASTH$ 'ESTIN 'ARISTIPPO$, KAI TWN 'ALLWN QETTALWN. KAI-DH-KAI
TOUTO TO 'EQO$ "UMA$ 'EIQIKEN0, 'AFOBW$ TE-KAI MEGALOPREPW$
'APOKRINESQAI 'EA=N TI$ TI 'ERHTAI, "WSPER 'EIKO$ TOU$
<P 70C>
'EIDOTA$, "ATE KAI 'AUTO$ PARECWN "AUTON 'ERWTAN TWN "ELLHNWN
TW*I BOULOMENWI "OTI2 'AN4 TI$ BOULHTAI, KAI 'OUDENI "OTWI 'OUK
'APOKRINOMENO$. 'ENQADE DE, 'W* FILE MENWN, TO 'ENANTION
PERIESTHKEN0; "WSPER 'AUCMO$ TI$ TH$ SOFIA$ GEGONEN0, KAI KINDUNEUEI0


<P 71A>
'EK TWNDE TWN TOPWN PAR' "UMA$ 'OICESQAI "H SOFIA. 'EI
GOUN TINA 'EQELEI$ "OUTW$ 'ERESQAI TWN 'ENQADE, 'OUDEI$ "OSTI$ 'OU
GELASETAI KAI 'EREI2; 'W* XENE, KINDUNEUW0 SOI4 DOKEIN MAKARIO$
TI$ 'EINAI % 'ARETHN GOUN 'EI=TE DIDAKTON 'EI=Q' "OTWI TROPWI PARAGIGNETAI
'EIDENAI % 'EGW DE TOSOUTON DEW0 'EI=TE DIDAKTON 'EI=TE
MH DIDAKTON 'EIDENAI, "W$ 'OUDE 'AUTO "OTI2 POT' 'ESTI TO PARAPAN
'ARETH TUGCANW0 'EIDW$.
<P 71B>
'EGW 'OUN-KAI 'AUTO$, 'W* MENWN, "OUTW$ 'ECW0; SUMPENOMAI
TOI$ POLITAI$ TOUTOU TOU* PRAGMATO$, KAI 'EMAUTON KATAMEMFOMAI
"W$ 'OUK 'EIDW$ PERI= 'ARETH$ TO PARAPAN; "O= DE MH
'OIDA TI= 'ESTIN, PW*$ 'AN4 "OPOION GE TI 'EIDEIHN: 'H= DOKEI0 SOI4
"OION-TE-'EINAI, "OSTI$ MENWNA MH GIGNWSKEI0 TO PARAPAN "OSTI$
'ESTIN, TOUTON 'EIDENAI 'EI=TE KALO$ 'EI=TE PLOUSIO$ 'EI=TE-KAI
GENNAIO$ 'ESTIN, 'EI=TE-KAI 'TANANTIA TOUTWN: DOKEI0 SOI4
"OION-T'-'EINAI:
MEN ^ 'OUK 'EMOIGE. 'ALLA= SU, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALHQW$
<P 71C>
'OUD' "OTI2 'ARETH 'ESTIN 'OISQA, 'ALLA= TAUTA PERI= SOU4 KAI 'OIKADE
'APAGGELLWMEN:
SW ^ MH MONON GE, 'W* "ETAIRE, 'ALLA=-KAI "OTI4 'OUD' 'ALLWI PW
'ENETUCON 'EIDOTI, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKW0.
MEN ^ TI= DE: GORGIA\ 'OUK 'ENETUCE$ "OTE 'ENQADE 'H*N:
SW ^ 'EGWGE.
MEN ^ 'EITA 'OUK 'EDOKEI SOI4 'EIDENAI:
SW ^ 'OU PANU 'EIMI MNHMWN, 'W* MENWN, "WSTE 'OUK 'ECW0
'EIPEIN 'EN TW*I PARONTI PW*$ MOI TO=TE 'EDOXEN. 'ALL' 'ISW$
'EKEINO$ TE 'OIDE, KAI SU "A 'EKEINO$ 'ELEGE; 'ANAMNHSON2 'OUN
<P 71D>
ME PW*$ 'ELEGEN. 'EI DE BOULEI, 'AUTO$ 'EIPE=; DOKEI0 GAR-DHPOU
SOI4 "APER 'EKEINWI.
MEN ^ 'EMOIGE.
SW ^ 'EKEINON MEN-TOINUN 'EWMEN2, 'EPEIDH KAI 'APESTIN; SU
DE 'AUTO$, 'W* PRO$ QEWN, MENWN, TI= FH=I$ 'ARETHN 'EINAI: 'EIPON2
KAI MH FQONHSHI$, "INA 'EUTUCESTATON YEUSMA 'EYEUSMENO$-'W*2,
'AN2 FANHI$ SU MEN 'EIDW$ KAI GORGIA$, 'EGW DE 'EIRHKW$ MHDENI
PWPOTE 'EIDOTI 'ENTETUCHKENAI.
<P 71E>
MEN ^ 'ALL' 'OU CALEPON, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EIPEIN. PRWTON
MEN, 'EI BOULEI 'ANDRO$ 'ARETHN, "RA\DION, "OTI4 "AU=TH 'ESTIN 'ANDRO$
'ARETH, "IKANON 'EINAI TA TH$ POLEW$ PRATTEIN, KAI PRATTONTA
TOU$ MEN FILOU$ 'EU POIEIN, TOU$ D' 'ECQROU$ KAKW$, KAI 'AUTON
'EULABEISQAI MHDEN TOIOUTON PAQEIN. 'EI DE BOULEI GUNAIKO$
'ARETHN, 'OU CALEPON DIELQEIN, "OTI4 DEI 'AUTHN THN 'OIKIAN 'EU
'OIKEIN, SWIZOUSAN TE TA 'ENDON KAI KATHKOON 'OUSAN TOU* 'ANDRO$.
KAI 'ALLH 'ESTIN PAIDO$ 'ARETH, KAI QHLEIA$ KAI 'ARRENO$, KAI
PRESBUTEROU 'ANDRO$, 'EI MEN BOULEI, 'ELEUQEROU, 'EI DE BOULEI,


<P 72A>
DOULOU. KAI 'ALLAI PAMPOLLAI 'ARETAI 'EISIN, "WSTE 'OUK
'APORIA 'EIPEIN 'ARETH$ PE=RI "OTI2 'ESTIN; KAQ' "EKASTHN GAR
TWN PRAXEWN KAI TWN "HLIKIWN PRO$ "EKASTON 'ERGON "EKASTWI
"HMWN "H 'ARETH 'ESTIN, "WSAUTW$ DE 'OIMAI, 'W* SWKRATE$, KAI "H
KAKIA.
SW ^ POLLHI GE TINI 'EUTUCIA\ 'EOIKA KECRHSQAI, 'W* MENWN,
'EI MIAN ZHTWN 'ARETHN SMHNO$ TI 'ANHURHKA 'ARETWN PARA SOI4
KEIMENON. 'ATAR, 'W* MENWN, KATA TAUTHN THN 'EIKONA THN
<P 72B>
PERI= TA SMHNH, 'EI MOU 'EROMENOU MELITTH$ PERI= 'OUSIA$ "OTI2
POT' 'ESTIN, POLLA$ KAI PANTODAPA$ 'ELEGE$ 'AUTA$ 'EINAI, TI=
'AN4 'APEKRINW MOI, 'EI SE 'HROMHN; 'A*RA TOUTWI FH=I$ POLLA$
KAI PANTODAPA$ 'EINAI KAI DIAFEROUSA$ 'ALLHLWN, TW*I MELITTA$
'EINAI: 'H= TOUTWI MEN 'OUDEN DIAFEROUSIN0, 'ALLWI DE TWI, "OION
'H= KALLEI 'H= MEGEQEI 'H= 'ALLWI TWI TWN TOIOUTWN: 'EIPE=, TI= 'AN4
'APEKRINW "OUTW$ 'ERWTHQEI$:
MEN ^ TOUT' 'EGWGE, "OTI4 'OUDEN DIAFEROUSIN0, "HI MELITTAI
'EISIN, "H "ETE=RA TH$ "ETERA$.
<P 72C>
SW ^ 'EI 'OUN 'EIPON META TAUTA; TOUTO TOINUN MOI
'AUTO 'EIPE=, 'W* MENWN; "WI 'OUDEN DIAFEROUSIN0 'ALLA= 'TAUTON
'EISIN "APASAI, TI= TOUTO FH=I$ 'EINAI: 'EICE$ DHPOU 'AN4 TI MOI
'EIPEIN:
MEN ^ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ "OUTW DH-KAI PERI= TWN 'ARETWN; 'KAN4 'EI POLLAI KAI
PANTODAPAI 'EISIN, "EN GE TI 'EIDO$ 'TAUTON "APASAI 'ECOUSIN0
DI' "O= 'EISIN 'ARETAI, 'EI$ "O= KALW$ POU 'ECEI0 'APOBLEYANTA TON
'APOKRINOMENON TW*I 'ERWTHSANTI 'EKEINO DHLWSAI0, "O= TUGCANEI0
<P 72D>
'OUSA 'ARETH; 'H= 'OU MANQANEI$ "OTI2 LEGW0:
MEN ^ DOKW0 GE MOI MANQANEIN; 'OU-MENTOI "W$ BOULOMAI
GE PW KATECW0 TO 'ERWTWMENON.
SW ^ POTERON DE PERI= 'ARETH$ MONON SOI4 "OUTW DOKEI0, 'W*
MENWN, 'ALLH MEN 'ANDRO$ 'EINAI, 'ALLH DE GUNAIKO$ KAI TWN
'ALLWN, 'H=-KAI PERI= "UGIEIA$ KAI PERI= MEGEQOU$ KAI PERI= 'ISCUO$
"WSAUTW$: 'ALLH MEN 'ANDRO$ DOKEI0 SOI4 'EINAI "UGIEIA, 'ALLH
DE GUNAIKO$: 'H= 'TAUTON PANTACOU 'EIDO$ 'ESTIN, 'EANPER "UGIEIA
<P 72E>
'HI, 'EANTE 'EN 'ANDRI 'EANTE 'EN 'ALLWI "OTWIOUN 'HI:
MEN ^ "H 'AUTH MOI DOKEI0 "UGIEIA TE 'EINAI KAI 'ANDRO$ KAI
GUNAIKO$.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI MEGEQO$ KAI 'ISCU$: 'EANPER 'ISCURA
GUNH 'HI, TW*I 'AUTWI 'EIDEI KAI THI 'AUTHI 'ISCUI 'ISCURA 'ESTAI: TO
GAR THI 'AUTHI TOUTO LEGW0; 'OUDEN DIAFEREI0 PRO$ TO 'ISCU$ 'EINAI
"H 'ISCU$, 'EANTE 'EN 'ANDRI 'HI 'EANTE 'EN GUNAIKI. 'H= DOKEI0 TI
SOI4 DIAFEREIN:
MEN ^ 'OUK 'EMOIGE.


<P 73A>
SW ^ "H DE 'ARETH PRO$ TO 'ARETH 'EINAI DIOISEI2 TI, 'EANTE
'EN PAIDI 'HI 'EANTE 'EN PRESBUTHI, 'EANTE 'EN GUNAIKI 'EANTE 'EN
'ANDRI:
MEN ^ 'EMOIGE PW$ DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, TOUTO 'OUKETI
"OMOION 'EINAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ TOUTOI$.
SW ^ TI= DE: 'OUK 'ANDRO$ MEN 'ARETHN 'ELEGE$ POLIN 'EU
DIOIKEIN, GUNAIKO$ DE 'OIKIAN: MEN ^ 'EGWGE. SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN
"OION-TE 'EU DIOIKEIN 'H= POLIN 'H= 'OIKIAN 'H= 'ALLO "OTIOUN,
MH SWFRONW$ KAI DIKAIW$ DIOIKOUNTA: MEN ^ 'OU-DHTA.
<P 73B>
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'ANPER DIKAIW$ KAI SWFRONW$ DIOIKWSIN, DIKAIOSUNHI
KAI SWFROSUNHI DIOIKHSOUSIN2: MEN ^ 'ANAGKH.
SW ^ TWN 'AUTWN 'A=RA 'AMFOTEROI DEONTAI, 'EIPER MELLOUSIN0
'AGAQOI 'EINAI, KAI "H GUNH KAI "O 'ANHR, DIKAIOSUNH$ KAI SWFROSUNH$.
MEN ^ FAINONTAI. SW ^ TI= DE PAI$ KAI PRESBUTH$:
MWN 'AKOLASTOI 'ONTE$ KAI 'ADIKOI 'AGAQOI 'AN4 POTE
GENOINTO: MEN ^ 'OU-DHTA. SW ^ 'ALLA= SWFRONE$ KAI
<P 73C>
DIKAIOI: MEN ^ NAI. SW ^ PANTE$ 'A=R' 'ANQRWPOI TW*I 'AUTWI
TROPWI 'AGAQOI 'EISIN; TWN 'AUTWN GAR TUCONTE$ 'AGAQOI GIGNONTAI.
MEN ^ 'EOIKE0. SW ^ 'OUK 'AN4 DHPOU, 'EI GE MH "H
'AUTH 'ARETH 'H*N 'AUTWN, TW*I 'AUTWI 'AN4 TROPWI 'AGAQOI 'HSAN.
MEN ^ 'OU-DHTA.
SW ^ 'EPEIDH TOINUN "H 'AUTH 'ARETH PANTWN 'ESTIN, PEIRW5
'EIPEIN KAI 'ANAMNHSQHNAI TI= 'AUTO FHSI GORGIA$ 'EINAI KAI
SU MET' 'EKEINOU.
MEN ^ TI= 'ALLO G' 'H= 'ARCEIN "OION-T'-'EINAI TWN 'ANQRWPWN:
<P 73D>
'EIPER "EN GE TI ZHTEI$ KATA PANTWN.
SW ^ 'ALLA=-MHN ZHTW0 GE. 'ALL'-'A*RA-KAI PAIDO$ "H 'AUUH
'ARETH, 'W* MENWN, KAI DOULOU, 'ARCEIN "OIOU-TE-'EINAI TOU* DESPOTOU,
KAI DOKEI0 SOI4 'ETI 'AN4 DOULO$ 'EINAI "O 'ARCWN:
MEN ^ 'OU PANU MOI DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ 'OU-GAR 'EIKO$, 'W* 'ARISTE; 'ETI GAR-KAI TODE SKOPEI5.
'ARCEIN FH=I$ "OION-T'-'EINAI. 'OU PROSQHSOMEN 'AUTOSE TO
DIKAIW$, 'ADIKW$ DE MH:
MEN ^ 'OIMAI 'EGWGE; "H GAR DIKAIOSUNH, 'W* SWKRATE$,
'ARETH 'ESTIN.
<P 73E>
SW ^ POTERON 'ARETH, 'W* MENWN, 'H= 'ARETH TI$:
MEN ^ PW*$ TOUTO LEGEI$:
SW ^ "W$ PERI= 'ALLOU "OTOUOUN. "OION, 'EI BOULEI, STROGGULOTHTO$
PE=RI 'EIPOIM' 'AN4 'EGWGE "OTI4 SCHMA TI 'ESTIN, 'OUC
"OUTW$ "APLW$ "OTI4 SCHMA. DIA= TAUTA DE "OUTW$ 'AN4 'EIPOIMI,
"OTI4 KAI 'A=LLA 'ESTI SCHMATA.
MEN ^ 'ORQW$ GE LEGWN SU, 'EPEI KAI 'EGW LEGW0 'OU MONON
DIKAIOSUNHN 'ALLA=-KAI 'ALLA$ 'EINAI 'ARETA$.


<P 74A>
SW ^ TI=NA$ TAUTA$: 'EIPE=. "OION KAI 'EGW SOI4 'EIPOIMI 'AN4
KAI 'A=LLA SCHMATA, 'EI ME KELEUOI$; KAI SU 'OUN 'EMOI4 'EIPE=
'ALLA$ 'ARETA$.
MEN ^ "H 'ANDREIA TOINUN 'EMOIGE DOKEI0 'ARETH 'EINAI KAI
SWFROSUNH KAI SOFIA KAI MEGALOPREPEIA KAI 'ALLAI
PAMPOLLAI.
SW ^ PALIN, 'W* MENWN, 'TAUTON PEPONQAMEN; POLLA$ 'AU
"HURHKAMEN 'ARETA$ MIAN ZHTOUNTE$, 'ALLON TROPON 'H= NUNDH;
THN DE MIAN, "H=4 DIA= PANTWN TOUTWN 'ESTIN, 'OU DUNAMEQA
'ANEUREIN.
MEN ^ 'OU-GAR DUNAMAI PW, 'W* SWKRATE$, "W$ SU ZHTEI$,
<P 74B>
MIAN 'ARETHN LABEIN KATA PANTWN, "WSPER 'EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$.
SW ^ 'EIKOTW$ GE; 'ALL' 'EGW PROQUMHSOMAI, 'EA=N "OIO$-T'-'W2,
"HMA$ PROSBIBASAI0. MANQANEI$ GAR-POU "OTI4 "OUTWSI 'ECEI0
PERI= PANTO$; 'EI TI$ SE 'ANEROITO TOUTO "O= NUNDH 'EGW 'ELEGON,
TI= 'ESTIN SCHMA, 'W* MENWN: 'EI 'AUTWI 'EIPE$ "OTI4 STROGGULOTH$,
'EI SOI4 'EI*PEN "APER 'EGW, POTERON SCHMA "H STROGGULOTH$
'ESTIN 'H= SCHMA TI: 'EIPE$ DHPOU 'AN4 "OTI4 SCHMA TI.
MEN ^ PANU GE.
<P 74C>
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N DIA= TAUTA, "OTI4 KAI 'A=LLA 'ESTIN SCHMATA:
MEN ^ NAI.
SW ^ KAI 'EI GE PROSANHRWTA SE "OPOI*A, 'ELEGE$ 'AN4:
MEN ^ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ KAI 'AU 'EI PERI= CRWMATO$ "WSAUTW$ 'ANHRETO "OTI2
'ESTIN, KAI 'EIPONTO$ SOU4 "OTI4 TO LEUKON, META TAUTA "UPELABEN
"O 'ERWTWN; POTERON TO LEUKON CRWMA 'ESTIN 'H= CRWMA TI:
'EIPE$ 'AN4 "OTI4 CRWMA TI, DIOTI KAI 'A=LLA TUGCANEI0 'ONTA:
MEN ^ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ KAI 'EI GE SE 'EKELEUE LEGEIN 'A=LLA CRWMATA, 'ELEGE$
<P 74D>
'AN4 'A=LLA, "A 'OUDEN "HTTON TUGCANEI0 'ONTA CRWMATA TOU* LEUKOU:
MEN ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'EI 'OUN "WSPER 'EGW METHIEI TON LOGON, KAI 'ELEGEN
"OTI4 'AEI 'EI$ POLLA 'AFIKNOUMEQA, 'ALLA= MH MOI "OUTW$,
'ALL' 'EPEIDH TA POLLA TAUTA "ENI TINI PROSAGOREUEI$ 'ONOMATI,
KAI FH=I$ 'OUDEN 'AUTWN "OTI2 'OU SCHMA 'EINAI, KAI TAUTA
KAI 'ENANTIA 'ONTA 'ALLHLOI$, TI= 'ESTIN TOUTO "O= 'OUDEN "HTTON
KATECEI0 TO STROGGULON 'H= TO 'EUQU, "O= DH 'ONOMAZEI$ SCHMA
<P 74E>
KAI 'OUDEN MALLON FH=I$ TO STROGGULON SCHMA 'EINAI 'H= TO
'EUQU: 'H= 'OUC "OUTW LEGEI$:
MEN ^ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN, "OTAN "OUTW LEGHI$, TO=TE 'OUDEN MALLON FH=I$
TO STROGGULON 'EINAI STROGGULON 'H= 'EUQU, 'OUDE TO 'EUQU 'EUQU
'H= STROGGULON:
MEN ^ 'OU-DHPOU, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ 'ALLA=-MHN SCHMA GE 'OUDEN MALLON FH=I$ 'EINAI TO
STROGGULON TOU* 'EUQEO$, 'OUDE TO "ETERON TOU* "ETEROU.
MEN ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW ^ TI= POTE 'OUN TOUTO "OU2 TOUTO 'ONOMA 'ESTIN, TO SCHMA:


<P 75A>
PEIRW5 LEGEIN. 'EI 'OUN TW*I 'ERWTWNTI "OUTW$ 'H= PERI= SCHMATO$
'H= CRWMATO$ 'EIPE$ "OTI4 'ALL'-'OUDE MANQANW0 'EGWGE "OTI2
BOULEI, 'W* 'ANQRWPE, 'OUDE 'OIDA "OTI2 LEGEI$, 'ISW$ 'AN4 'EQAUMASE
KAI 'EI*PEN; 'OU MANQANEI$ "OTI4 ZHTW0 TO 'EPI PASIN
TOUTOI$ 'TAUTON: 'H= 'OUDE 'EPI TOUTOI$, 'W* MENWN, 'ECOI$ 'AN4
'EIPEIN, 'EI TI$ SE 'ERWTWIH; TI= 'ESTIN 'EPI TW*I STROGGULWI
KAI 'EUQEI KAI 'EPI TOI$ 'ALLOI$, "A DH SCHMATA KALEI$0, 'TAUTON
'EPI PASIN: PEIRW5 'EIPEIN, "INA KAI GENHTAI SOI4 MELETH PRO$
THN PERI= TH$ 'ARETH$ 'APOKRISIN.
<P 75B>
MEN ^ MH, 'ALLA= SU, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EIPE=.
SW ^ BOULEI SOI4 CARISWMAI:
MEN ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ 'EQELHSEI$ 'OUN-KAI SU 'EMOI4 'EIPEIN PERI= TH$ 'ARETH$:
MEN ^ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ PROQUMHTEON TOINUN; 'AXION GAR.
MEN ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ FERE DH, PEIRWMEQA2 SOI4 'EIPEIN TI= 'ESTIN SCHMA.
SKOPEI5 'OUN 'EI TODE 'APODECHI0 'AUTO 'EINAI; 'ESTW GAR-DH "HMIN
TOUTO SCHMA, "O= MONON TWN 'ONTWN0 TUGCANEI0 CRWMATI 'AEI
"EPOMENON. "IKANW$ SOI4, 'H= 'ALLW$ PW$ ZHTEI$: 'EGW GAR 'KAN4
<P 75C>
"OUTW$ 'AGAPWIHN 'EI MOI 'ARETHN 'EIPOI$.
MEN ^ 'ALLA= TOUTO GE 'EUHQE$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ PW*$ LEGEI$:
MEN ^ "OTI4 SCHMA POU 'ESTIN KATA TON SON LOGON "O= 'AEI
CROA\ "EPETAI. 'EIEN; 'EI DE-DH THN CROAN TI$ MH FAIH 'EIDENAI,
'ALLA= "WSAUTW$ 'APOROI "WSPER PERI= TOU* SCHMATO$, TI= 'AN4 'OIEI
SOI4 'APOKEKRISQAI:
SW ^ 'TALHQH 'EGWGE; KAI 'EI MEN-GE TWN SOFWN TI$ 'EIH
KAI 'ERISTIKWN TE-KAI 'AGWNISTIKWN "O 'EROMENO$, 'EIPOIM' 'AN4
<P 75D>
'AUTWI "OTI4 'EMOI4 MEN 'EIRHTAI; 'EI DE MH 'ORQW$ LEGW0, SON
'ERGON LAMBANEIN LOGON KAI 'ELEGCEIN. 'EI DE "WSPER 'EGW
TE-KAI SU NUNI FILOI 'ONTE$ BOULOINTO 'ALLHLOI$ DIALEGESQAI,
DEI DH PRA\OTERON PW$ KAI DIALEKTIKWTERON 'APOKRINESQAI.
'ESTI DE 'ISW$ TO DIALEKTIKWTERON MH MONON 'TALHQH 'APOKRINESQAI,
'ALLA=-KAI DI' 'EKEINWN "WN 'AN4 PROOMOLOGHI5 'EIDENAI
"O 'ERWTWN. PEIRASOMAI DH-KAI 'EGW SOI4 "OUTW$ 'EIPEIN.
<P 75E>
LEGE GAR MOI; TELEUTHN KALEI$0 TI: TOIONDE LEGW0 "OION PERA$
KAI 'ESCATON % PANTA TAUTA 'TAUTON TI LEGW0; 'ISW$ D' 'AN4
"HMIN PRODIKO$ DIAFEROITO, 'ALLA= SU GE-POU KALEI$0 PEPERANQAI
TI KAI TETELEUTHKENAI % TO TOIOUTON BOULOMAI LEGEIN, 'OUDEN
POIKILON.
MEN ^ 'ALLA= KALW0, KAI 'OIMAI MANQANEIN "O= LEGEI$.


<P 76A>
SW ^ TI= D': 'EPIPEDON KALEI$ TI, KAI "ETERON 'AU STEREON,
"OION TAUTA TA 'EN TAI$ GEWMETRIAI$:
MEN ^ 'EGWGE KALW0.
SW ^ 'HDH TOINUN 'AN4 MAQOI$ MOU 'EK TOUTWN SCHMA "O=
LEGW0. KATA GAR PANTO$ SCHMATO$ TOUTO LEGW0, 'EI$ "O= TO
STEREON PERAINEI0, TOUT' 'EINAI SCHMA; "OPER 'AN4 SULLABWN
'EIPOIMI STEREOU PERA$ SCHMA 'EINAI.
MEN ^ TO DE CRWMA TI= LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW ^ "UBRISTH$ G' 'EI*, 'W* MENWN; 'ANDRI PRESBUTHI PRAGMATA
PROSTATTEI$ 'APOKRINESQAI, 'AUTO$ DE 'OUK 'EQELEI$
<P 76B>
'ANAMNHSQEI$ 'EIPEIN "OTI2 POTE LEGEI0 GORGIA$ 'ARETHN 'EINAI.
MEN ^ 'ALL' 'EPEIDAN MOI SU TOUT' 'EIPHI$, 'W* SWKRATE$,
'ERW2 SOI4.
SW ^ 'KAN4 KATAKEKALUMMENO$ TI$ GNOIH, 'W* MENWN, DIALEGOMENOU
SOU4, "OTI4 KALO$ 'EI* KAI 'ERASTAI SOI4 'ETI 'EISIN.
MEN ^ TI= DH:
SW ^ "OTI4 'OUDEN 'ALL'-'H= 'EPITATTEI$ 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$, "OPER
POIOUSIN0 "OI TRUFWNTE$, "ATE TURANNEUONTE$ "EW$ 'AN4 'EN "WRA\
<P 76C>
'WSIN, KAI "AMA 'EMOU4 'ISW$ KATEGNWKA$ "OTI4 'EIMI "HTTWN TWN
KALWN; CARIOUMAI 'OUN SOI4 KAI 'APOKRINOUMAI.
MEN ^ PANU MEN-'OUN CARISAI.
SW ^ BOULEI 'OUN SOI4 KATA GORGIAN 'APOKRINWMAI, "HI 'AN4
SU MALISTA 'AKOLOUQHSAI$:
MEN ^ BOULOMAI; PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N LEGETE0 'APORROA$ TINA$ TWN 'ONTWN0 KATA
'EMPEDOKLEA: MEN ^ SFODRA GE. SW ^ KAI POROU$ 'EI$
"OU$ KAI DI' "WN "AI 'APORROAI POREUONTAI: MEN ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ KAI TWN 'APORROWN TA$ MEN "ARMOTTEIN 'ENIOI$ TWN
<P 76D>
PORWN, TA$ DE 'ELATTOU$ 'H= MEIZOU$ 'EINAI: MEN ^ 'ESTI
TAUTA. SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'OYIN KALEI$0 TI: MEN ^ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ 'EK TOUTWN DH SUNE$9 "O=9 TOI920 LEGW90, 'EFH PINDARO$.
'ESTIN GAR CROA 'APORROH SCHMATWN 'OYEI SUMMETRO$ KAI
'AISQHTO$.
MEN ^ 'ARISTA MOI DOKEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$, TAUTHN THN
'APOKRISIN 'EIRHKENAI.
SW ^ 'ISW$ GAR SOI4 KATA SUNHQEIAN 'EIRHTAI; KAI "AMA
'OIMAI 'ENNOEI$ "OTI4 'ECOI$ 'AN4 'EX 'AUTH$ 'EIPEIN KAI FWNHN "O= 'ESTI,
<P 76E>
KAI 'OSMHN KAI 'A=LLA POLLA TWN TOIOUTWN.
MEN ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ TRAGIKH GAR 'ESTIN, 'W* MENWN, "H 'APOKRISI$, "WSTE
'ARESKEI0 SOI4 MALLON 'H= "H PERI= TOU* SCHMATO$.
MEN ^ 'EMOIGE.
SW ^ 'ALL' 'OUK 'ESTIN, 'W* PAI 'ALEXIDHMOU, "W$ 'EGW 'EMAUTON
PEIQW0, 'ALL' 'EKEINH BELTIWN; 'OIMAI DE-'OUD' 'AN4 SOI4 DOXAI0,
'EI MH, "WSPER CQE$ 'ELEGE$, 'ANAGKAION SOI4 'APIENAI PRO TWN
MUSTHRIWN, 'ALL' 'EI PERIMEINAI$ TE-KAI MUHQEIH$.


<P 77A>
MEN ^ 'ALLA= PERIMENOIM' 'AN4, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EI MOI POLLA
TOIAUTA LEGOI$.
SW ^ 'ALLA=-MHN PROQUMIA$ GE 'OUDEN 'APOLEIYW2, KAI SOU4
"ENEKA KAI 'EMAUTOU, LEGWN TOIAUTA; 'ALL' "OPW$ MH 'OUC "OIO$-T'-'ESOMAI
POLLA TOIAUTA LEGEIN. 'ALL' 'IQI DH PEIRW5 KAI
SU 'EMOI4 THN "UPOSCESIN 'APODOUNAI0, KATA "OLOU 'EIPWN 'ARETH$
PE=RI "OTI2 'ESTIN, KAI PAUSAI2 POLLA POIW*N 'EK TOU* "ENO$, "OPER
FASI0 TOU$ SUNTRIBONTA$ TI "EKASTOTE "OI SKWPTONTE$, 'ALLA=
'EASA$ "OLHN KAI "UGIH 'EIPE= TI= 'ESTIN 'ARETH. TA DE-GE PARADEIGMATA
<P 77B>
PAR' 'EMOU4 'EILHFA$.
MEN ^ DOKEI0 TOINUN MOI, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ARETH 'EINAI, KAQAPER
"O POIHTH$ LEGEI0, CAIREIN1 TE1 KALOISI1 KAI1 DUNASQAI1;
KAI 'EGW TOUTO LEGW0 'ARETHN, 'EPIQUMOUNTA TWN KALWN DUNATON
'EINAI PORIZESQAI.
SW ^ 'A*RA LEGEI$ TON TWN KALWN 'EPIQUMOUNTA 'AGAQWN
'EPIQUMHTHN 'EINAI: MEN ^ MALISTA GE. SW ^ 'A*RA "W$
'ONTWN0 TINWN "OI=4 TWN KAKWN 'EPIQUMOUSIN0, "ETERWN DE "OI=4 TWN
<P 77C>
'AGAQWN: 'OU PANTE$, 'WRISTE, DOKOUSI0 SOI4 TWN 'AGAQWN 'EPIQUMEIN:
MEN ^ 'OUK 'EMOIGE. SW ^ 'ALLA= TINE$ TWN KAKWN:
MEN ^ NAI. SW ^ 'OIOMENOI TA KAKA 'AGAQA 'EINAI, LEGEI$,
'H=-KAI GIGNWSKONTE$ "OTI4 KAKA 'ESTIN "OMW$ 'EPIQUMOUSIN0 'AUTWN:
MEN ^ 'AMFO=TERA 'EMOIGE DOKOUSIN0. SW ^ 'H*-GAR
DOKEI0 TI$ SOI4, 'W* MENWN, GIGNWSKWN TA KAKA "OTI4 KAKA 'ESTIN
"OMW$ 'EPIQUMEIN 'AUTWN: MEN ^ MALISTA. SW ^ TI= 'EPIQUMEIN
LEGEI$: 'H* GENESQAI 'AUTWI: MEN ^ GENESQAI; TI= GAR
<P 77D>
'ALLO: SW ^ POTERON "HGOUMENO$ TA KAKA 'WFELEIN 'EKEINON
"WI 'AN4 GENHTAI, 'H= GIGNWSKWN TA KAKA "OTI4 BLAPTEI0 "WI 'AN4
PARHI5: MEN ^ 'EISI MEN "OI=4 "HGOUMENOI TA KAKA 'WFELEIN,
'EISIN DE-KAI "OI=4 GIGNWSKONTE$ "OTI4 BLAPTEI0. SW ^ 'H*-KAI
DOKOUSI0 SOI4 GIGNWSKEIN TA KAKA "OTI4 KAKA 'ESTIN "OI "HGOUMENOI
TA KAKA 'WFELEIN: MEN ^ 'OU PANU MOI DOKEI0 TOUTO
GE. SW ^ 'OUKOU*N DHLON "OTI4 "OUTOI MEN 'OU TWN KAKWN 'EPIQUMOUSIN0,
<P 77E>
"OI 'AGNOOUNTE$ 'AUTA, 'ALLA= 'EKEINWN "A 'WIONTO 'AGAQA
'EINAI, 'ESTIN DE TAUTA GE KAKA; "WSTE "OI 'AGNOOUNTE$ 'AUTA
KAI 'OIOMENOI 'AGAQA 'EINAI DHLON "OTI4 TWN 'AGAQWN 'EPIQUMOUSIN0.
'H= 'OU=: MEN ^ KINDUNEUOUSIN0 "OUTOI GE.
SW ^ TI= DE: "OI TWN KAKWN MEN 'EPIQUMOUNTE$, "W$ FH=I$ SU,
"HGOUMENOI DE TA KAKA BLAPTEIN 'EKEINON "WI 'AN4 GIGNHTAI,
GIGNWSKOUSIN0 DHPOU "OTI4 BLABHSONTAI "UP' 'AUTWN: MEN ^


<P 78A>
'ANAGKH. SW ^ 'ALLA= TOU$ BLAPTOMENOU$ "OUTOI 'OUK 'OIONTAI
'AQLIOU$ 'EINAI KAQ' "OSON BLAPTONTAI: MEN ^ KAI TOUTO
'ANAGKH. SW ^ TOU$ DE 'AQLIOU$ 'OU KAKODAIMONA$: MEN ^
'OIMAI 'EGWGE. SW ^ 'ESTIN 'OUN "OSTI$ BOULETAI 'AQLIO$ KAI
KAKODAIMWN 'EINAI: MEN ^ 'OU MOI DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ 'OUK-'A=RA BOULETAI, 'W* MENWN, TA KAKA 'OUDEI$, 'EIPER MH
BOULETAI TOIOUTO$ 'EINAI. TI= GAR 'ALLO 'ESTIN 'AQLION 'EINAI
'H= 'EPIQUMEIN TE TWN KAKWN KAI KTASQAI: MEN _ KINDUNEUEI$
<P 78B>
'ALHQH LEGEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$; KAI 'OUDEI$ BOULESQAI TA
KAKA.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N NUNDH 'ELEGE$ "OTI4 'ESTIN "H 'ARETH BOULESQAI
TE 'TAGAQA KAI DUNASQAI: MEN ^ 'EIPON GAR. SW ^ 'OUKOU*N
TOUTOU LECQENTO$ TO MEN BOULESQAI PASIN "UPARCEI0, KAI TAUTHI
GE 'OUDEN "O "ETERO$ TOU* "ETEROU BELTIWN: MEN ^ FAINETAI.
SW ^ 'ALLA= DHLON "OTI4 'EIPER 'ESTI BELTIWN 'ALLO$ 'ALLOU,
KATA TO DUNASQAI 'AN4 'EIH 'AMEINWN. MEN ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ TOUT' 'ESTIN 'A=RA, "W$ 'EOIKE0, KATA TON SON LOGON 'ARETH,
<P 78C>
DUNAMI$ TOU* PORIZESQAI 'TAGAQA. MEN ^ PANTAPASI MOI
DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OUTW$ 'ECEIN "W$ SU NU*N "UPOLAMBANEI$.
SW ^ 'IDWMEN DH-KAI TOUTO 'EI 'ALHQE$ LEGEI$; 'ISW$ GAR
'AN4 'EU LEGOI$. 'TAGAQA FH=I$ "OION-T'-'EINAI PORIZESQAI 'ARETHN
'EINAI: MEN ^ 'EGWGE. SW ^ 'AGAQA DE KALEI$0 'OUCI "OION
"UGIEIAN TE-KAI PLOUTON: MEN ^ KAI CRUSION LEGW0 KAI
'ARGURION KTASQAI KAI TIMA$ 'EN POLEI KAI 'ARCA$. SW ^ MH
'A=LL' 'ATTA LEGEI$ 'TAGAQA 'H= TA TOIAUTA: MEN ^ 'OU=K, 'ALLA=
<P 78D>
PANTA LEGW0 TA TOIAUTA. SW ^ 'EIEN; CRUSION DE-DH-KAI
'ARGURION PORIZESQAI 'ARETH 'ESTIN, "W$ FHSI MENWN "O TOU*
MEGALOU BASILEW$ PATRIKO$ XENO$. POTERON PROSTIQEI*$ TI
TOUTWI TW*I PORWI, 'W* MENWN, TO DIKAIW$ KAI "OSIW$, 'H= 'OUDEN
SOI4 DIAFEREI0, 'ALLA= 'KAN2 'ADIKW$ TI$ 'AUTA PORIZHTAI, "OMOIW$
SU 'AUTO 'ARETHN KALEI$0: MEN ^ 'OU-DHPOU, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ 'ALLA= KAKIAN. MEN ^ PANTW$ DHPOU. SW ^ DEI 'A=RA,
"W$ 'EOIKE0, TOUTWI TW*I PORWI DIKAIOSUNHN 'H= SWFROSUNHN 'H=
<P 78E>
"OSIOTHTA PROSEINAI, 'H= 'ALLO TI MORION 'ARETH$; 'EI DE MH,
'OUK 'ESTAI 'ARETH, KAIPER 'EKPORIZOUSA 'TAGAQA. MEN ^ PW*$
GAR 'ANEU TOUTWN 'ARETH GENOIT' 'AN4: SW ^ TO DE MH 'EKPORIZEIN
CRUSION KAI 'ARGURION, "OTAN MH DIKAION 'HI, MHTE
"AUTWI MHTE 'ALLWI, 'OUK 'ARETH KAI "AU=TH 'ESTIN, "H 'APORIA:
MEN ^ FAINETAI. SW ^ 'OUDEN 'A=RA MALLON "O PORO$ TWN
TOIOUTWN 'AGAQWN 'H= "H 'APORIA 'ARETH 'AN4 'EIH, 'ALLA=, "W$ 'EOIKEN0,
"O= MEN 'AN4 META DIKAIOSUNH$ GIGNHTAI, 'ARETH 'ESTAI, "O= D'


<P 79A>
'AN4 'ANEU PANTWN TWN TOIOUTWN, KAKIA. MEN ^ DOKEI0 MOI
'ANAGKAION 'EINAI "W$ LEGEI$.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N TOUTWN "EKASTON 'OLIGON PROTERON MORION
'ARETH$ 'EFAMEN 'EINAI, THN DIKAIOSUNHN KAI SWFROSUNHN KAI
PANTA TA TOIAUTA:
MEN ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'EITA, 'W* MENWN, PAIZEI$ PRO$ ME:
MEN ^ TI= DH, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW ^ "OTI4 'ARTI 'EMOU4 DEHQENTO$ SOU4 MH KATAGNUNAI MHDE
KERMATIZEIN THN 'ARETHN, KAI DONTO$ PARADEIGMATA KAQ' "A DEOI
'APOKRINESQAI, TOUTOU MEN 'HMELHSA$, LEGEI$ DE MOI "OTI4 'ARETH
<P 79B>
'ESTIN "OION-T'-'EINAI 'TAGAQA PORIZESQAI META DIKAIOSUNH$;
TOUTO DE FH=I$ MORION 'ARETH$ 'EINAI:
MEN ^ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N SUMBAINEI0 'EX "WN SU "OMOLOGEI$, TO META
MORIOU 'ARETH$ PRATTEIN "OTI2 'AN4 PRATTHI5, TOUTO 'ARETHN 'EINAI;
THN GAR DIKAIOSUNHN MORION FH=I$ 'ARETH$ 'EINAI, KAI "EKASTA
TOUTWN. MEN ^ TI= 'OUN-DH: SW ^ TOUTO LEGW0, "OTI4 'EMOU4 DEHQENTO$ "OLON
'EIPEIN THN 'ARETHN, 'AUTHN MEN POLLOU DEI$ 'EIPEIN "OTI2 'ESTIN,
PASAN DE FH=I$ PRAXIN 'ARETHN 'EINAI, 'EANPER META MORIOU
<P 79C>
'ARETH$ PRATTHTAI, "WSPER 'EIRHKW$ "OTI2 'ARETH 'ESTIN TO "OLON
KAI 'HDH GNWSOMENOU 'EMOU4, KAI 'EA=N SU KATAKERMATIZHI$ 'AUTHN
KATA MORIA. DEITAI 'OUN SOI4 PALIN 'EX 'ARCH$, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0,
TH$ 'AUTH$ 'ERWTHSEW$, 'W* FILE MENWN, TI= 'ESTIN 'ARETH, 'EI
META MORIOU 'ARETH$ PASA PRAXI$ 'ARETH 'AN4 'EIH: TOUTO GAR
'ESTIN LEGEIN, "OTAN LEGHI5 TI$, "OTI4 PASA "H META DIKAIOSUNH$
PRAXI$ 'ARETH 'ESTIN. 'H= 'OU DOKEI0 SOI4 PALIN DEISQAI TH$
'AUTH$ 'ERWTHSEW$, 'ALL' 'OIEI TINA 'EIDENAI MORION 'ARETH$ "OTI2
'ESTIN, 'AUTHN MH 'EIDOTA:
MEN ^ 'OUK 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
<P 79D>
SW ^ 'EI GAR-KAI MEMNHSAI, "OT' 'EGW SOI4 'ARTI 'APEKRINAMHN
PERI= TOU* SCHMATO$, 'APEBALLOMEN POU THN TOIAUTHN 'APOKRISIN
THN DIA= TWN 'ETI ZHTOUMENWN KAI MHPW "WMOLOGHMENWN
'EPICEIROUSAN 'APOKRINESQAI.
MEN ^ KAI 'ORQW$ GE 'APEBALLOMEN, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ MH-TOINUN, 'W* 'ARISTE, MHDE SU 'ETI ZHTOUMENH$ 'ARETH$
"OLH$ "OTI2 'ESTIN 'OIOU DIA= TWN TAUTH$ MORIWN 'APOKRINOMENO$
DHLWSEIN 'AUTHN "OTWIOUN, 'H= 'ALLO "OTIOUN TOUTWI TW*I 'AUTWI
<P 79E>
TROPWI LEGWN, 'ALLA= PALIN TH$ 'AUTH$ DEHSESQAI 'ERWTHSEW$,
TI=NO$ 'ONTO$ 'ARETH$ LEGEI$ "A LEGEI$; 'H= 'OUDEN SOI4 DOKW0
LEGEIN:
MEN ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI$ 'ORQW$ LEGEIN.
SW ^ 'APOKRINAI2 TOINUN PALIN 'EX 'ARCH$; TI= FH=I$ 'ARETHN
'EINAI KAI SU KAI "O "ETAIRO$ SOU4:
MEN ^ 'W* SWKRATE$, 'HKOUON MEN 'EGWGE PRIN KAI SUGGENESQAI


<P 80A>
SOI4 "OTI4 SU 'OUDEN 'ALLO 'H= 'AUTO$ TE 'APOREI$ KAI TOU$
'ALLOU$ POIEI$ 'APOREIN; KAI NU*N, "W$ GE MOI DOKEI$, GOHTEUEI$
ME KAI FARMATTEI$ KAI 'ATECNW$ KATEPA\DEI$, "WSTE MESTON
'APORIA$ GEGONENAI. KAI DOKEI$ MOI PANTELW$, 'EI DEI TI KAI
SKWYAI0, "OMOIOTATO$ 'EINAI TO TE 'EIDO$ KAI 'TALLA TAUTHI THI
PLATEIA\ NARKHI THI QALATTIA\; KAI-GAR "AU=TH TON 'AEI PLHSIAZONTA
KAI "APTOMENON NARKAN POIEI0, KAI SU DOKEI$ MOI NU*N 'EME
TOIOUTON TI PEPOIHKENAI, NARKAN8; 'ALHQW$ GAR 'EGWGE KAI
<P 80B>
THN YUCHN KAI TO STOMA NARKW0, KAI 'OUK 'ECW0 "OTI2 'APOKRINWMAI
SOI4. KAITOI MURIAKI$ GE PERI= 'ARETH$ PAMPOLLOU$ LOGOU$
'EIRHKA KAI PRO$ POLLOU$, KAI PANU 'EU, "W$ GE 'EMAUTWI 'EDOKOUN;
NU*N DE-'OUD' "OTI2 'ESTIN TO PARAPAN 'ECW0 'EIPEIN. KAI MOI DOKEI$
'EU BOULEUESQAI 'OUK 'EKPLEWN 'ENQENDE 'OUD' 'APODHMWN; 'EI
GAR XENO$ 'EN 'ALLHI POLEI TOIAUTA POIOI*$, TAC' 'AN4 "W$ GOH$
'APACQEIH$.
SW ^ PANOURGO$ 'EI*, 'W* MENWN, KAI 'OLIGOU 'EXHPATHSA$ ME.
MEN ^ TI= MALISTA, 'W* SWKRATE$:
<P 80C>
SW ^ GIGNWSKW0 "OU2 "ENEKA ME 'HIKASA$.
MEN ^ TI=NO$ DH 'OIEI:
SW ^ "INA SE 'ANTEIKASW4. 'EGW DE TOUTO 'OIDA PERI= PANTWN
TWN KALWN, "OTI4 CAIROUSIN0 'EIKAZOMENOI % LUSITELEI0 GAR 'AUTOI$;
KALAI GAR 'OIMAI TWN KALWN KAI "AI 'EIKONE$ % 'ALL' 'OUK
'ANTEIKASOMAI SE. 'EGW DE, 'EI MEN "H NARKH 'AUTH NARKWSA
"OUTW KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ POIEI0 NARKAN, 'EOIKA 'AUTHI; 'EI DE MH,
'OU=. 'OU-GAR 'EUPORWN 'AUTO$ TOU$ 'ALLOU$ POIW0 'APOREIN, 'ALLA=
PANTO$ MALLON 'AUTO$ 'APORWN "OUTW$ KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ POIW0
<P 80D>
'APOREIN. KAI NU*N PERI= 'ARETH$ "O= 'ESTIN 'EGW MEN 'OUK 'OIDA, SU
MENTOI 'ISW$ PROTERON MEN 'HIDHSQA PRIN 'EMOU4 "AYASQAI, NU*N
MENTOI "OMOIO$ 'EI* 'OUK 'EIDOTI. "OMW$ DE 'EQELW0 META SOU4
SKEYASQAI KAI SUZHTHSAI0 "OTI2 POTE 'ESTIN.
MEN ^ KAI TI=NA TROPON ZHTHSEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$, TOUTO "O=
MH 'OISQA TO PARAPAN "OTI2 'ESTIN: POI*ON GAR "WN 'OUK 'OISQA
PROQEMENO$ ZHTHSEI$: 'H= 'EI KAI "OTI2 MALISTA 'ENTUCOI$ 'AUTWI,
PW*$ 'EISHI2 "OTI4 TOUTO 'ESTIN "O= SU 'OUK 'HIDHSQA:
<P 80E>
SW ^ MANQANW0 "OION BOULEI LEGEIN, 'W* MENWN. "ORA*I$0
TOUTON "W$ 'ERISTIKON LOGON KATAGEI$, "W$ 'OUK 'A=RA 'ESTIN2
ZHTEIN 'ANQRWPWI 'OUTE "O= 'OIDE 'OUTE "O= MH 'OIDE: 'OUTE-GAR 'AN4
"O= GE 'OIDEN ZHTOI % 'OIDEN GAR, KAI 'OUDEN DEI0 TW*I GE TOIOUTWI
ZHTHSEW$ % 'OUTE "O= MH 'OIDEN % 'OUDE-GAR 'OIDEN "OTI2 ZHTHSEI2.


<P 81A>
MEN ^ 'OU=KOUN KALW$ SOI4 DOKEI0 LEGESQAI "O LOGO$ "OUTO$,
'W* SWKRATE$:
SW ^ 'OUK 'EMOIGE.
MEN ^ 'ECEI$ LEGEIN "OPHI:
SW ^ 'EGWGE; 'AKHKOA GAR 'ANDRWN TE-KAI GUNAIKWN SOFWN
PERI= TA QEI*A PRAGMATA %
MEN ^ TI=NA LOGON LEGONTWN0:
SW ^ 'ALHQH, 'EMOIGE DOKEIN, KAI KALON.
MEN ^ TI=NA TOUTON, KAI TI=NE$ "OI LEGONTE$:
SW ^ "OI MEN LEGONTE$ 'EISI TWN "IEREWN TE-KAI TWN "IEREIWN
"OSOI$ MEMELHKE0 PERI= "WN METACEIRIZONTAI LOGON "OIOI$-T'-'EINAI
<P 81B>
DIDONAI; LEGEI0 DE-KAI PINDARO$ KAI 'ALLOI POLLOI TWN POIHTWN
"OSOI QEIOI 'EISIN. "A DE LEGOUSIN0, TAUTI 'ESTIN; 'ALLA= SKOPEI5
'EI SOI4 DOKOUSIN0 'ALHQH LEGEIN. FASI0 GAR THN YUCHN TOU*
'ANQRWPOU 'EINAI 'AQANATON, KAI TOTE= MEN TELEUTAN % "O= DH
'APOQNHISKEIN KALOUSI0 % TOTE= DE PALIN GIGNESQAI, 'APOLLUSQAI
D' 'OUDEPOTE; DEIN DH DIA= TAUTA "W$ "OSIWTATA DIABIWNAI0 TON
BION; "OISIN9 GAR 'AN94 %
FERSEFONA9 POINAN9 PALAIOU9 PENQEO$9
DEXETAI9, 'EI$1 TON9 "UPERQEN9 "ALION9 KEINWN9 'ENATWI9 'ETEI9
'ANDIDOI9 YUCAN1 PALIN9,
<P 81C>
'EK9 TWN1 BASILHE$9 'AGAUOI9
KAI9 SQENEI9 KRAIPNOI9 SOFIA\9 TE9 MEGISTOI9
'ANDRE$9 'AUXONT'9; 'E$9 DE9 TON9 LOIPON9 CRONON9 "HRWE$9 "AGNOI9
PRO$9 'ANQRWPWN9 KALEONTAI10.
"ATE 'OUN "H YUCH 'AQANATO$ TE 'OUSA KAI POLLAKI$ GEGONUIA,
KAI "EWRAKUIA KAI TA 'ENQADE KAI TA 'EN "AIDOU KAI PANTA
CRHMATA, 'OUK 'ESTIN "OTI2 'OU MEMAQHKEN0; "WSTE 'OUDEN QAUMASTON
KAI PERI= 'ARETH$ KAI PERI= 'ALLWN "OION-T'-'EINAI 'AUTHN 'ANAMNHSQHNAI,
"A GE-KAI PROTERON 'HPISTATO. "ATE GAR TH$ FUSEW$
<P 81D>
"APASH$ SUGGENOU$ 'OUSH$, KAI MEMAQHKUIA$ TH$ YUCH$ "APANTA,
'OUDEN KWLUEI0 "EN MONON 'ANAMNHSQENTA % "O= DH MAQHSIN KALOUSIN0
'ANQRWPOI % 'TALLA PANTA 'AUTON 'ANEUREIN, 'EA=N TI$ 'ANDREIO$ 'HI
KAI MH 'APOKAMNHI5 ZHTWN; TO GAR ZHTEIN 'A=RA-KAI TO MANQANEIN
'ANAMNHSI$ "OLON 'ESTIN. 'OU=KOUN DEI PEIQESQAI TOUTWI TW*I
'ERISTIKWI LOGWI; "OUTO$ MEN-GAR 'AN4 "HMA$ 'ARGOU$ POIHSEIEN
KAI 'ESTIN TOI$ MALAKOI$ TWN 'ANQRWPWN "HDU$ 'AKOUSAI0, "ODE
<P 81E>
DE 'ERGATIKOU$ TE-KAI ZHTHTIKOU$ POIEI0; "WI 'EGW PISTEUWN
'ALHQEI 'EINAI 'EQELW0 META SOU4 ZHTEIN 'ARETH "OTI2 'ESTIN.
MEN ^ NAI, 'W* SWKRATE$; 'ALLA= PW*$ LEGEI$ TOUTO, "OTI4 'OU
MANQANOMEN, 'ALLA= "HN KALOUMEN0 MAQHSIN 'ANAMNHSI$ 'ESTIN:
'ECEI$ ME TOUTO DIDAXAI0 "W$ "OUTW$ 'ECEI0:
SW ^ KAI 'ARTI 'EIPON, 'W* MENWN, "OTI4 PANOURGO$ 'EI*, KAI


<P 82A>
NU*N 'ERWTA*I$0 'EI 'ECW0 SE DIDAXAI0, "O$4 'OU FHMI DIDACHN 'EINAI
'ALL' 'ANAMNHSIN, "INA DH 'EUQU$ FAINWMAI 'AUTO$ 'EMAUTWI
'TANANTIA LEGWN.
MEN ^ 'OU MA TON DI=A, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OU PRO$ TOUTO
BLEYA$ 'EIPON, 'ALL' "UPO TOU* 'EQOU$; 'ALL' 'EI PW$ MOI 'ECEI$
'ENDEIXASQAI "OTI4 'ECEI0 "WSPER LEGEI$, 'ENDEIXAI2.
SW ^ 'ALL' 'ESTI MEN 'OU "RA\DION, "OMW$ DE 'EQELW0 PROQUMHQHNAI
SOU4 "ENEKA. 'ALLA= MOI PROSKALESON2 TWN POLLWN
<P 82B>
'AKOLOUQWN TOUTWNI TWN SAUTOU "ENA, "ONTINA BOULEI, "INA 'EN
TOUTWI SOI4 'EPIDEIXWMAI.
MEN ^ PANU GE. DEURO PROSELQE.
SW ^ "ELLHN MEN 'ESTI KAI "ELLHNIZEI0:
MEN ^ PANU GE SFODRA, 'OIKOGENH$.
SW ^ PROSECE DH TON NOUN "OPO=TER' 'AN4 SOI4 FAINHTAI, 'H=
'ANAMIMNHISKOMENO$ 'H= MANQANWN PAR' 'EMOU4.
MEN ^ 'ALLA= PROSEXW2.
SW ^ 'EIPE= DH MOI, 'W* PAI, GIGNWSKEI$ TETRAGWNON CWRION
"OTI4 TOIOUTON 'ESTIN: PAI ^ 'EGWGE. SW ^ 'ESTIN 'OUN
<P 82C>
TETRAGWNON CWRION 'ISA$ 'ECON TA$ GRAMMA$ TAUTA$ PASA$,
TETTARA$ 'OUSA$: PAI ^ PANU GE. SW ^ 'OU-KAI TAUTASI
TA$ DIA= MESOU 'ESTIN 'ISA$ 'ECON: PAI ^ NAI. SW ^ 'OUKOU*N
'EIH 'AN4 TOIOUTON CWRION KAI MEIZON KAI 'ELATTON:
PAI ^ PANU GE. SW ^ 'EI 'OUN 'EIH "AU=TH "H PLEURA DUOIN
PODOIN KAI "AU=TH DUOIN, PO=SWN 'AN4 'EIH PODWN TO "OLON: "WDE
DE SKOPEI5; 'EI 'H*N TAUTHI DUOIN PODOIN, TAUTHI DE "ENO$ PODO$
MONON, 'ALLO TI "APAX 'AN4 'H*N DUOIN PODOIN TO CWRION: PAI ^
<P 82D>
NAI. SW ^ 'EPEIDH DE DUOIN PODOIN KAI TAUTHI, 'ALLO TI 'H=
DI$ DUOIN GIGNETAI: PAI _ GIGNETAI. SW ^ DUOIN 'A=RA DI$
GIGNETAI PODWN: PAI ^ NAI. SW ^ PO=SOI 'OUN 'EISIN "OI DUO
DI$ PODE$: LOGISAMENO$ 'EIPE=. PAI ^ TETTARE$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N GENOIT' 'AN4 TOUTOU TOU* CWRIOU "ETERON DIPLASION,
TOIOUTON DE, 'ISA$ 'ECON PASA$ TA$ GRAMMA$ "WSPER
TOUTO: PAI _ NAI. SW ^ PO=SWN 'OUN 'ESTAI PODWN: PAI ^
'OKTW. SW ^ FERE DH, PEIRW5 MOI 'EIPEIN PHLIKH TI$ 'ESTAI
<P 82E>
'EKEINOU "H GRAMMH "EKASTH. "H MEN-GAR TOUDE DUOIN PODOIN; TI=
DE "H 'EKEINOU TOU* DIPLASIOU: PAI ^ DHLON DH, 'W* SWKRATE$,
"OTI4 DIPLASI=A.
SW ^ "ORA*I$0, 'W* MENWN, "W$ 'EGW TOUTON 'OUDEN DIDASKW0,
'ALL' 'ERWTW0 PANTA: KAI NU*N "OUTO$ 'OIETAI 'EIDENAI "OPOI=A 'ESTIN
'AF' "H$ TO 'OKTWPOUN CWRION GENHSETAI; 'H= 'OU DOKEI0 SOI4:
MEN ^ 'EMOIGE.
SW ^ 'OIDEN 'OUN:
MEN ^ 'OU-DHTA.
SW ^ 'OIETAI DE-GE 'APO TH$ DIPLASIA$:
MEN ^ NAI.
SW ^ QEW5 DH 'AUTON 'ANAMIMNHISKOMENON 'EFEXH$, "W$ DEI
'ANAMIMNHISKESQAI.
SU DE MOI LEGE; 'APO TH$ DIPLASIA$ GRAMMH$ FH=I$ TO


<P 83A>
DIPLASION CWRION GIGNESQAI: TOIONDE LEGW0, MH TAUTHI MEN
MAKRON, THI DE BRACU, 'ALLA= 'ISON PANTACHI 'ESTW "WSPER TOUTI,
DIPLASION DE TOUTOU, 'OKTWPOUN; 'ALL' "ORA 'EI 'ETI SOI4 'APO TH$
DIPLASIA$ DOKEI0 'ESESQAI. PAI ^ 'EMOIGE. SW ^ 'OUKOU*N
DIPLASI=A "AU=TH TAUTH$ GIGNETAI, 'AN2 "ETERAN TOSAUTHN PROSQWMEN
'ENQENDE: PAI ^ PANU GE. SW ^ 'APO TAUTH$ DH,
FH=I$, 'ESTAI TO 'OKTWPOUN CWRION, 'AN2 TETTARE$ TOSAUTAI
<P 83B>
GENWNTAI: PAI ^ NAI. SW ^ 'ANAGRAYWMEQA DH 'AP' 'AUTH$
'ISA$ TETTARA$. 'ALLO TI 'H= TOUTI 'AN4 'EIH "O= FH=I$ TO 'OKTWPOUN
'EINAI: PAI ^ PANU GE. SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EN 'AUTWI 'ESTIN TAUTI
TETTARA, "WN "EKASTON 'ISON TOUTWI 'ESTIN TW*I TETRAPODI:
PAI ^ NAI. SW ^ PO=SON 'OUN GIGNETAI: 'OU TETRAKI$ TOSOUTON:
PAI ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=: SW ^ DIPLASION 'OUN 'ESTIN TO
TETRAKI$ TOSOUTON: PAI ^ 'OU MA DI=A. SW ^ 'ALLA= POSAPLASION:
PAI ^ TETRAPLASION. SW ^ 'APO TH$ DIPLASIA$
<P 83C>
'A=RA, 'W* PAI, 'OU DIPLASION 'ALLA= TETRAPLASION GIGNETAI CWRION.
PAI ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$. SW ^ TETTARWN GAR TETRAKI$ 'ESTIN
"EKKAIDEKA. 'OUCI: PAI ^ NAI. SW ^ 'OKTWPOUN D' 'APO POI=A$
GRAMMH$: 'OUCI 'APO MEN TAUTH$ TETRAPLASION: PAI ^ FHMI.
SW ^ TETARTON DE 'APO TH$ "HMISEA$ TAUTHSI TOUTI: PAI ^
NAI. SW ^ 'EIEN; TO DE 'OKTWPOUN 'OU TOUDE MEN DIPLASION
'ESTIN, TOUTOU DE "HMISU: PAI7 ^ NAI7. SW ^ 'OUK 'APO MEN
MEIZONO$ 'ESTAI 'H= TOSAUTH$ GRAMMH$, 'APO 'ELATTONO$ DE 'H=
<P 83D>
TOSHSDI: 'H= 'OU=: PAI ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0 "OUTW. SW ^ KALW$;
TO GAR SOI4 DOKOUN TOUTO 'APOKRINOU. KAI MOI LEGE; 'OUC "HDE
MEN DUOIN PODOIN 'H*N, "H DE TETTARWN: PAI ^ NAI. SW ^
DEI 'A=RA THN TOU* 'OKTWPODO$ CWRIOU GRAMMHN MEIZW MEN 'EINAI
THSDE TH$ DIPODO$, 'ELATTW DE TH$ TETRAPODO$. PAI ^ DEI.
<P 83E>
SW ^ PEIRW5 DH LEGEIN PHLIKHN TINA FH=I$ 'AUTHN 'EINAI.
PAI ^ TRIPODA. SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'ANPER2 TRIPOU$ 'HI, TO "HMISU
TAUTH$ PROSLHYOMEQA KAI 'ESTAI TRIPOU$: DUO MEN-GAR "OIDE,
"O DE "EI$; KAI 'ENQENDE "WSAUTW$ DUO MEN "OIDE, "O DE "EI$; KAI
GIGNETAI TOUTO TO CWRION "O= FH=I$. PAI ^ NAI. SW ^ 'OUKOU*N
'AN2 'HI THIDE TRIWN KAI THIDE TRIWN, TO "OLON CWRION TRIWN TRI$
PODWN GIGNETAI: PAI ^ FAINETAI. SW ^ TREI$ DE TRI$ PO=SOI
'EISI PODE$: PAI ^ 'ENNEA. SW ^ 'EDEI DE TO DIPLASION
PO=SWN 'EINAI PODWN: PAI ^ 'OKTW. SW ^ 'OUD'-'A=R' 'APO TH$
TRIPODO$ PW TO 'OKTWPOUN CWRION GIGNETAI. PAI ^ 'OU-DHTA.
SW ^ 'ALL' 'APO POI=A$: PEIRW5 "HMIN 'EIPEIN 'AKRIBW$; KAI


<P 84A>
'EI MH BOULEI 'ARIQMEIN, 'ALLA= DEIXON2 'APO POI=A$. PAI ^ 'ALLA=
MA TON DI=A, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EGWGE 'OUK 'OIDA.
SW ^ 'ENNOEI$ 'AU, 'W* MENWN, "OU4 'ESTIN 'HDH BADIZWN "ODE
TOU* 'ANAMIMNHISKESQAI: "OTI4 TO MEN PRWTON 'HIDEI MEN 'OU=, "HTI$
'ESTIN "H TOU* 'OKTWPODO$ CWRIOU GRAMMH, "WSPER 'OUDE NU*N PW
'OIDEN, 'ALL'-'OUN 'WIETO G' 'AUTHN TO=TE 'EIDENAI, KAI QARRALEW$
'APEKRINETO "W$ 'EIDW$, KAI 'OUC "HGEITO 'APOREIN; NU*N DE "HGEITAI
<P 84B>
'APOREIN 'HDH, KAI "WSPER 'OUK 'OIDEN, 'OUD' 'OIETAI 'EIDENAI.
MEN ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N NU*N BELTION 'ECEI0 PERI= TO PRAGMA "O= 'OUK
'HIDEI:
MEN ^ KAI TOUTO MOI DOKEI0.
SW ^ 'APOREIN 'OUN 'AUTON POIHSANTE$ KAI NARKAN "WSPER "H
NARKH, MWN TI 'EBLAYAMEN:
MEN ^ 'OUK 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW ^ 'PROURGOU GOUN TI PEPOIHKAMEN, "W$ 'EOIKE0, PRO$ TO
'EXEUREIN "OPHI 'ECEI0; NU*N MEN-GAR-KAI ZHTHSEIEN 'AN4 "HDEW$ 'OUK
'EIDW$, TO=TE DE "RA\DIW$ 'AN4 KAI PRO$ POLLOU$ KAI POLLAKI$
<P 84C>
'WIET' 'AN4 'EU LEGEIN PERI= TOU* DIPLASIOU CWRIOU, "W$ DEI DIPLASIAN
THN GRAMMHN 'ECEIN MHKEI.
MEN ^ 'EOIKEN0.
SW ^ 'OIEI 'OUN 'AN4 'AUTON PROTERON 'EPICEIRHSAI0 ZHTEIN 'H=
MANQANEIN TOUTO "O= 'WIETO 'EIDENAI 'OUK 'EIDW$, PRIN 'EI$ 'APORIAN
KATEPESEN "HGHSAMENO$ MH 'EIDENAI, KAI 'EPOQHSEN TO 'EIDENAI:
MEN ^ 'OU MOI DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ 'WNHTO 'A=RA NARKHSA$:
MEN ^ DOKEI0 MOI.
SW ^ SKEYAI DH 'EK TAUTH$ TH$ 'APORIA$ "OTI2 KAI 'ANEURHSEI2
ZHTWN MET' 'EMOU4, 'OUDEN 'ALL'-'H= 'ERWTWNTO$ 'EMOU4 KAI 'OU DIDASKONTO$;
<P 84D>
FULATTE DE 'AN2 POU "EURHI$ ME DIDASKONTA KAI
DIEXIONTA 'AUTWI, 'ALLA= MH TA$ TOUTOU DOXA$ 'ANERWTWNTA.
LEGE GAR MOI SU; 'OU TO MEN TETRAPOUN TOUTO "HMIN 'ESTI
CWRION: MANQANEI$: PAI ^ 'EGWGE. SW ^ "ETERON DE 'AUTWI
PROSQEIMEN 'AN4 TOUTI 'ISON: PAI ^ NAI. SW ^ KAI TRITON
TODE 'ISON "EKATERWI TOUTWN: PAI ^ NAI. SW ^ 'OUKOU*N
PROSANAPLHRWSAIMEQ' 'AN4 TO 'EN THI GWNIA\ TODE: PAI ^
PANU GE. SW ^ 'ALLO TI 'OUN GENOIT' 'AN4 TETTARA 'ISA CWRIA
<P 84E>
TADE: PAI ^ NAI. SW ^ TI= 'OUN: TO "OLON TODE POSAPLASION
TOUDE GIGNETAI: PAI ^ TETRAPLASION. SW ^ 'EDEI DE-GE
DIPLASION "HMIN GENESQAI; 'H= 'OU MEMNHSAI: PAI ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'ESTIN "AU=TH GRAMMH 'EK GWNIA$ 'EI$ GWNIAN


<P 85A>
TINA8 TEMNOUSA DICA "EKASTON TOUTWN TWN CWRIWN: PAI ^
NAI. SW ^ 'OUKOU*N TETTARE$ "AUTAI GIGNONTAI GRAMMAI 'ISAI,
PERIECOUSAI TOUTI TO CWRION: PAI ^ GIGNONTAI GAR. SW ^
SKOPEI5 DH; PHLIKON TI 'ESTIN TOUTO TO CWRION: PAI ^ 'OU
MANQANW0. SW ^ 'OUCI TETTARWN 'ONTWN0 TOUTWN "HMISU "EKASTOU
"EKASTH "H GRAMMH 'APOTETMHKEN0 'ENTO$: 'H= 'OU=: PAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ PO=SA 'OUN THLIKAUTA 'EN TOUTWI 'ENESTIN: PAI ^ TETTARA.
SW ^ PO=SA DE 'EN TWIDE: PAI ^ DUO. SW ^ TA DE TETTARA
TOIN DUOIN TI= 'ESTIN: PAI ^ DIPLA=SIA. SW ^ TODE 'OUN
<P 85B>
POSAPOUN GIGNETAI: PAI ^ 'OKTWPOUN. SW ^ 'APO POI=A$
GRAMMH$: PAI ^ 'APO TAUTH$. SW ^ 'APO TH$ 'EK GWNIA$
'EI$ GWNIAN TEINOUSH$ TOU* TETRAPODO$: PAI ^ NAI. SW ^
KALOUSIN0 DE-GE TAUTHN DIAMETRON "OI SOFISTAI; "WST' 'EI TAUTHI
DIAMETRO$ 'ONOMA, 'APO TH$ DIAMETROU 'AN4, "W$ SU FH=I$ 'W* PAI
MENWNO$, GIGNOIT' 'AN4 TO DIPLASION CWRION. PAI ^ PANU
MEN-'OUN, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ TI= SOI4 DOKEI0, 'W* MENWN: 'ESTIN "HNTINA DOXAN 'OUC
"AUTOU "OUTO$ 'APEKRINATO:
<P 85C>
MEN ^ 'OU=K, 'ALL' "EAUTOU.
SW ^ KAI-MHN 'OUK 'HIDEI GE, "W$ 'EFAMEN 'OLIGON PROTERON.
MEN ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW ^ 'ENHSAN DE-GE 'AUTWI "AUTAI "AI DOXAI; 'H= 'OU=:
MEN ^ NAI.
SW ^ TW*I 'OUK 'EIDOTI 'A=RA PERI= "WN 'AN4 MH 'EIDHI5 'ENEISIN
'ALHQEI$ DOXAI PERI= TOUTWN "WN 'OUK 'OIDE:
MEN ^ FAINETAI.
SW ^ KAI NU*N MEN-GE 'AUTWI "WSPER 'ONAR 'ARTI 'ANAKEKINHNTAI
"AI DOXAI "AUTAI; 'EI DE 'AUTON TI$ 'ANERHSETAI POLLAKI$ TA 'AUTA
TAUTA KAI POLLACHI, 'OISQ' "OTI4 TELEUTWN 'OUDENO$ "HTTON 'AKRIBW$
<P 85D>
'EPISTHSETAI PERI= TOUTWN.
MEN ^ 'EOIKEN0.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'OUDENO$ DIDAXANTO$ 'ALL' 'ERWTHSANTO$ 'EPISTHSETAI,
'ANALABWN 'AUTO$ 'EX "AUTOU THN 'EPISTHMHN:
MEN ^ NAI.
SW ^ TO DE 'ANALAMBANEIN 'AUTON 'EN "AUTWI 'EPISTHMHN 'OUK
'ANAMIMNHISKESQAI 'ESTIN:
MEN ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OU THN 'EPISTHMHN, "HN NU*N "OUTO$ 'ECEI0, 'HTOI
'ELABEN POTE 'H= 'AEI 'EICEN:
MEN ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EI MEN 'AEI 'EICEN, 'AEI KAI 'H*N 'EPISTHMWN; 'EI
DE 'ELABEN POTE, 'OUK 'AN4 'EN GE TW*I NU*N BIWI 'EILHFW$-'EIH. 'H=
<P 85E>
DEDIDACEN0 TI$ TOUTON GEWMETREIN: "OUTO$ GAR POIHSEI2 PERI=
PASH$ GEWMETRIA$ 'TAUTA TAUTA, KAI TWN 'ALLWN MAQHMATWN
"APANTWN. 'ESTIN 'OUN "OSTI$ TOUTON PANTA DEDIDACEN0: DIKAIO$
GAR-POU 'EI* 'EIDENAI, 'ALLW$ TE 'EPEIDH 'EN THI SHI 'OIKIA\ GEGONEN0
KAI TEQRAPTAI.
MEN ^ 'ALL' 'OIDA 'EGWGE "OTI4 'OUDEI$ PWPOTE 'EDIDAXEN.
SW ^ 'ECEI0 DE TAUTA$ TA$ DOXA$, 'H= 'OUCI:
MEN ^ 'ANAGKH, 'W* SWKRATE$, FAINETAI.
SW ^ 'EI DE MH 'EN TW*I NU*N BIWI LABWN, 'OUK 'HDH TOUTO


<P 86A>
DHLON, "OTI4 'EN 'ALLWI TINI CRONWI 'EICE KAI 'EMEMAQHKEI:
MEN ^ FAINETAI.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N "OUTO$ GE 'ESTIN "O CRONO$ "OT' 'OUK 'H*N
'ANQRWPO$:
MEN ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'EI 'OUN "ON T' 'AN4 'HI CRONON KAI "ON 'AN4 MH 'HI 'ANQRWPO$,
'ENESONTAI 'AUTWI 'ALHQEI$ DOXAI, "AI=4 'ERWTHSEI 'EPEGERQEISAI
'EPISTHMAI GIGNONTAI, 'A*R' 'OU TON 'AEI CRONON MEMAQHKUIA-'ESTAI
"H YUCH 'AUTOU4: DHLON GAR "OTI4 TON PANTA CRONON 'ESTIN
'H= 'OUK 'ESTIN 'ANQRWPO$.
MEN ^ FAINETAI.
<P 86B>
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EI 'AEI "H 'ALHQEIA "HMIN TWN 'ONTWN0 'ESTIN 'EN
THI YUCHI, 'AQANATO$ 'AN4 "H YUCH 'EIH, "WSTE QARROUNTA CRH "O=
MH TUGCANEI$ 'EPISTAMENO$ NU*N % TOUTO D' 'ESTIN "O= MH MEMNHMENO$ %
'EPICEIREIN ZHTEIN KAI 'ANAMIMNHISKESQAI:
MEN ^ 'EU MOI DOKEI$ LEGEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUK 'OID' "OPW$.
SW ^ KAI-GAR 'EGW 'EMOI4, 'W* MENWN. KAI TA MEN-GE 'A=LLA
'OUK 'AN4 PANU "UPER TOU* LOGOU DIISCURISAIMHN; "OTI4 D' 'OIOMENOI
DEIN ZHTEIN "A MH TI$ 'OIDEN BELTIOU$ 'AN4 'EIMEN KAI 'ANDRIKWTEROI
KAI "HTTON 'ARGOI 'H= 'EI 'OIOIMEQA "A MH 'EPISTAMEQA0 MHDE
<P 86C>
DUNATON 'EINAI "EUREIN MHDE DEIN ZHTEIN, PERI= TOUTOU PANU 'AN4
DIAMACOIMHN, 'EI "OIO$-TE-'EIHN, KAI LOGWI KAI 'ERGWI.
MEN ^ KAI TOUTO MEN-GE DOKEI$ MOI 'EU LEGEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ BOULEI 'OUN, 'EPEIDH "OMONOOUMEN "OTI4 ZHTHTEON PERI=
"OU2 MH TI$ 'OIDEN, 'EPICEIRHSWMEN KOINHI ZHTEIN TI= POT' 'ESTIN
'ARETH:
MEN ^ PANU MEN-'OUN. 'OU-MENTOI, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALL'
'EGWGE 'EKEINO 'AN4 "HDISTA, "OPER 'HROMHN TO PRWTON, KAI SKEYAIMHN
KAI 'AKOUSAIMI, POTERON "W$ DIDAKTWI 'ONTI 'AUTWI DEI 'EPICEIREIN,
<P 86D>
'H= "W$ FUSEI 'H= "W$ TI=NI POTE TROPWI PARAGIGNOMENH$
TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ TH$ 'ARETH$.
SW ^ 'ALL' 'EI MEN 'EGW 'HRCON, 'W* MENWN, MH MONON 'EMAUTOU
'ALLA=-KAI SOU4, 'OUK 'AN4 'ESKEYAMEQA PROTERON 'EI=TE DIDAKTON
'EI=TE 'OU DIDAKTON "H 'ARETH, PRIN "OTI2 'ESTIN PRWTON 'EZHTHSAMEN
'AUTO; 'EPEIDH DE SU SAUTOU MEN-'OUD' 'EPICEIREI$ 'ARCEIN, "INA
DH 'ELEUQERO$ 'HI$, 'EMOU4 DE 'EPICEIREI$ TE 'ARCEIN KAI 'ARCEI$,
SUGCWRHSOMAI SOI4 % TI= GAR CRH POIEIN: 'EOIKEN0 'OUN SKEPTEON
<P 86E>
'EINAI POI*ON TI 'ESTIN "O= MHPW 'ISMEN "OTI2 'ESTIN. 'EI MH TI 'OUN,
'ALLA= SMIKRON GE MOI TH$ 'ARCH$ CALASON2, KAI SUGCWRHSON2
'EX "UPOQESEW$ 'AUTO SKOPEISQAI, 'EI=TE DIDAKTON 'ESTIN 'EI=TE
"OPWSOUN. LEGW0 DE TO 'EX "UPOQESEW$ "WDE, "WSPER "OI GEWMETRAI
POLLAKI$ SKOPOUNTAI, 'EPEIDAN TI$ 'ERHTAI 'AUTOU$, "OION
PERI= CWRIOU, 'EI "OION-TE 'E$ TONDE TON KUKLON TODE TO CWRION


<P 87A>
TRIGWNON 'ENTAQHNAI, 'EIPOI 'AN4 TI$ "OTI4 'OUPW 'OIDA 'EI 'ESTIN
TOUTO TOIOUTON, 'ALL' "WSPER MEN TINA "UPOQESIN 'PROURGOU
'OIMAI 'ECEIN PRO$ TO PRAGMA TOIANDE; 'EI MEN 'ESTIN TOUTO TO
CWRION TOIOUTON "OION PARA THN DOQEISAN 'AUTOU4 GRAMMHN
PARATEINANTA 'ELLEIPEIN TOIOUTWI CWRIWI "OION 'AN4 'AUTO TO
PARATETAMENON-'HI, 'ALLO TI SUMBAINEIN MOI DOKEI0, KAI 'ALLO
'AU, 'EI 'ADUNATON 'ESTIN TAUTA PAQEIN. "UPOQEMENO$ 'OUN 'EQELW0
<P 87B>
'EIPEIN SOI4 TO SUMBAINON PERI= TH$ 'ENTASEW$ 'AUTOU4 'EI$ TON
KUKLON, 'EI=TE 'ADUNATON 'EI=TE MH. "OUTW DH-KAI PERI= 'ARETH$
"HMEI$, 'EPEIDH 'OUK 'ISMEN 'OUQ' "OTI2 'ESTIN 'OUQ' "OPOION TI, "UPOQEMENOI
'AUTO SKOPWMEN 'EI=TE DIDAKTON 'EI=TE 'OU DIDAKTON 'ESTIN,
"WDE LEGONTE$; 'EI POI*ON TI 'ESTIN TWN PERI= THN YUCHN 'ONTWN0
'ARETH, DIDAKTON 'AN4 'EIH 'H= 'OU DIDAKTON: PRWTON MEN-DH 'EI
'ESTIN 'ALLOION 'H= "OION 'EPISTHMH, 'A*RA DIDAKTON 'H= 'OU=, 'H= "O=
NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN, 'ANAMNHSTON % DIAFERETW DE MHDEN "HMIN
<P 87C>
"OPOTERWI 'AN4 TW*I 'ONOMATI CRWMEQA2 % 'ALL'-'A*RA DIDAKTON: 'H=
TOUTO GE PANTI DHLON, "OTI4 'OUDEN 'ALLO DIDASKETAI 'ANQRWPO$
'H= 'EPISTHMHN:
MEN ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW ^ 'EI DE-G' 'ESTIN 'EPISTHMH TI$ "H 'ARETH, DHLON "OTI4
DIDAKTON 'AN4 'EIH.
MEN ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW ^ TOUTOU MEN-'A=RA TACU 'APHLLAGMEQA, "OTI4 TOIOUDE
MEN 'ONTO$ DIDAKTON, TOIOUDE D' 'OU=.
MEN ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ TO DH META TOUTO, "W$ 'EOIKE0, DEI SKEYASQAI POTERON
'ESTIN 'EPISTHMH "H 'ARETH 'H= 'ALLOION 'EPISTHMH$.
<P 87D>
MEN ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0 TOUTO META TOUTO SKEPTEON 'EINAI.
SW ^ TI= DE-DH: 'ALLO TI 'H= 'AGAQON 'AUTO FAMEN 'EINAI, THN
ARETHN, KAI "AU=TH "H "UPOQESI$ MENEI0 "HMIN, 'AGAQON 'AUTO 'EINAI:
MEN ^ PANU MEN-'OUN. SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EI MEN TI 'ESTIN
'AGAQON KAI 'ALLO, CWRIZOMENON 'EPISTHMH$, TAC' 'AN4 'EIH "H
'ARETH 'OUK 'EPISTHMH TI$; 'EI DE MHDEN 'ESTIN 'AGAQON "O= 'OUK
'EPISTHMH PERIECEI0, 'EPISTHMHN 'AN4 TI 'AUTOU4 "UPOPTEUONTE$ 'EINAI
'ORQW$ "UPOPTEUOIMEN. MEN ^ 'ESTI TAUTA. SW ^ KAI-MHN
<P 87E>
'ARETHI G' 'ESMEN 'AGAQOI: MEN ^ NAI. SW ^ 'EI DE 'AGAQOI,
'WFELIMOI; PANTA GAR 'TAGAQA 'WFELIMA. 'OUCI: MEN ^ NAI.
SW ^ KAI "H 'ARETH DH 'WFELIMON 'ESTIN: MEN ^ 'ANAGKH
'EK TWN "WMOLOGHMENWN.
SW ^ SKEYWMEQA DH KAQ' "EKASTON 'ANALAMBANONTE$ POI*A
'ESTIN "A "HMA$ 'WFELEI0. "UGIEIA, FAMEN, KAI 'ISCU$ KAI KALLO$
KAI PLOUTO$ DH; TAUTA LEGOMEN KAI TA TOIAUTA 'WFELIMA.


<P 88A>
'OUCI: MEN ^ NAI. SW ^ 'TAUTA DE TAUTA FAMEN 'ENIOTE
KAI BLAPTEIN; 'H= SU 'ALLW$ FH=I$ 'H= "OUTW$: MEN ^ 'OU=K, 'ALL'
"OUTW$. SW ^ SKOPEI5 DH, "OTAN TI= "EKASTOU TOUTWN "HGHTAI,
'WFELEI0 "HMA$, KAI "OTAN TI=, BLAPTEI0: 'A*R' 'OUC "OTAN MEN 'ORQH
CRHSI$, 'WFELEI0, "OTAN DE MH, BLAPTEI0: MEN ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ 'ETI TOINUN-KAI TA KATA THN YUCHN SKEYWMEQA.
SWFROSUNHN TI KALEI$0 KAI DIKAIOSUNHN KAI 'ANDREIAN KAI
'EUMAQIAN KAI MNHMHN KAI MEGALOPREPEIAN KAI PANTA TA
<P 88B>
TOIAUTA: MEN ^ 'EGWGE. SW ^ SKOPEI5 DH, TOUTWN "ATTA
SOI4 DOKEI0 MH 'EPISTHMH 'EINAI 'ALL' 'ALLO 'EPISTHMH$, 'EI 'OUCI
TOTE= MEN BLAPTEI0, TOTE= DE 'WFELEI0: "OION 'ANDREIA, 'EI MH 'ESTI
FRONHSI$ "H 'ANDREIA 'ALL' "OION QARRO$ TI; 'OUC "OTAN MEN
'ANEU NOU QARRHI5 'ANQRWPO$, BLAPTETAI, "OTAN DE SUN NWI,
'WFELEITAI: MEN ^ NAI. SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI SWFROSUNH
"WSAUTW$ KAI 'EUMAQIA, META MEN NOU KAI MANQANOMENA KAI
KATARTUOMENA 'WFELIMA, 'ANEU DE NOU BLABERA: MEN ^ PANU
<P 88C>
SFODRA. SW ^ 'OUKOU*N SULLHBDHN PANTA TA TH$ YUCH$
'EPICEIRHMATA KAI KARTERHMATA "HGOUMENH$ MEN FRONHSEW$ 'EI$
'EUDAIMONIAN TELEUTA*I0, 'AFROSUNH$ D' 'EI$ 'TOUNANTION: MEN ^
'EOIKEN0. SW ^ 'EI 'A=RA 'ARETH TWN 'EN THI YUCHI TI 'ESTIN KAI
'ANAGKAION 'AUTWI 'WFELIMWI 'EINAI, FRONHSIN 'AUTO DEI 'EINAI,
'EPEIDHPER PANTA TA KATA THN YUCHN 'AUTA MEN KAQ' "AUTA
'OUTE 'WFELIMA 'OUTE BLABERA 'ESTIN, PROSGENOMENH$ DE FRONHSEW$
<P 88D>
'H= 'AFROSUNH$ BLABERA TE-KAI 'WFELIMA GIGNETAI.
KATA DH TOUTON TON LOGON 'WFELIMON GE 'OUSAN THN 'ARETHN
FRONHSIN DEI TIN' 'EINAI. MEN ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW ^ KAI-MEN-DH-KAI 'TALLA "A NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN, PLOUTON
TE-KAI TA TOIAUTA, TOTE= MEN 'AGAQA TOTE= DE BLABERA 'EINAI,
'A*RA 'OUC "WSPER THI 'ALLHI YUCHI "H FRONHSI$ "HGOUMENH 'WFELIMA
TA TH$ YUCH$ 'EPOIEI, "H DE 'AFROSUNH BLABERA, "OUTW$ 'AU
<P 88E>
KAI TOUTOI$ "H YUCH 'ORQW$ MEN CRWMENH KAI "HGOUMENH 'WFELIMA
'AUTA POIEI0, MH 'ORQW$ DE BLABERA: MEN ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ 'ORQW$ DE-GE "H 'EMFRWN "HGEITAI, "HMARTHMENW$ D' "H
'AFRWN: MEN ^ 'ESTI TAUTA. SW ^ 'OUKOU*N "OUTW DH KATA
PANTWN 'EIPEIN 'ESTIN2, TW*I 'ANQRWPWI TA MEN 'A=LLA PANTA 'EI$ THN
YUCHN 'ANHRTHSQAI, TA DE TH$ YUCH$ 'AUTH$ 'EI$ FRONHSIN, 'EI


<P 89A>
MELLEI0 'AGAQA 'EINAI; KAI TOUTWI TW*I LOGWI FRONHSI$ 'AN4 'EIH
TO 'WFELIMON; FAMEN DE THN 'ARETHN 'WFELIMON 'EINAI:
MEN ^ PANU GE. SW ^ FRONHSIN 'A=RA FAMEN 'ARETHN 'EINAI,
'HTOI SUMPASAN 'H= MERO$ TI: MEN ^ DOKEI0 MOI KALW$ LEGESQAI,
'W* SWKRATE$, TA LEGOMENA. SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EI TAUTA
"OUTW$ 'ECEI0, 'OUK 'AN4 'EIEN FUSEI "OI 'AGAQOI. MEN _ 'OU MOI
DOKEI0.
<P 89B>
SW ^ KAI-GAR 'AN4 POU-KAI TOD' 'H*N; 'EI FUSEI "OI 'AGAQOI
'EGIGNONTO, 'HSAN POU 'AN4 "HMIN "OI=4 'EGIGNWSKON TWN NEWN TOU$
'AGAQOU$ TA$ FUSEI$, "OU$ "HMEI$ 'AN4 PARALABONTE$ 'EKEINWN
'APOFHNANTWN0 'EFULATTOMEN 'AN4 'EN 'AKROPOLEI, KATASHMHNAMENOI
POLU MALLON 'H= TO CRUSION, "INA MHDEI$ 'AUTOU$ DIEFQEIREN,
'ALL' 'EPEIDH 'AFIKOINTO 'EI$ THN "HLIKIAN, CRHSIMOI
GIGNOINTO TAI$ POLESI.
MEN ^ 'EIKO$ GE-TOI, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN 'EPEIDH 'OU FUSEI "OI 'AGAQOI 'AGAQOI GIGNONTAI,
<P 89C>
'A*RA MAQHSEI:
MEN ^ DOKEI0 MOI 'HDH 'ANAGKAION 'EINAI; KAI DHLON, 'W*
SWKRATE$, KATA THN "UPOQESIN, 'EIPER 'EPISTHMH 'ESTIN 'ARETH,
"OTI4 DIDAKTON 'ESTIN.
SW ^ 'ISW$ NH DI=A; 'ALLA= MH TOUTO 'OU KALW$
"WMOLOGHSAMEN.
MEN ^ KAI-MHN 'EDOKEI GE 'ARTI KALW$ LEGESQAI.
SW ^ 'ALLA= MH 'OUK 'EN TW*I 'ARTI MONON DEHI5 'AUTO DOKEIN
KALW$ LEGESQAI, 'ALLA=-KAI 'EN TW*I NU*N KAI 'EN TW*I 'EPEITA, 'EI
MELLEI0 TI 'AUTOU4 "UGIE$ 'EINAI.
<P 89D>
MEN ^ TI= 'OUN-DH: PRO$ TI= BLEPWN DUSCERAINEI$ 'AUTO
KAI 'APISTEI$ MH 'OUK 'EPISTHMH 'HI "H 'ARETH:
SW ^ 'EGW SOI4 'ERW2, 'W* MENWN. TO MEN-GAR DIDAKTON
'AUTO 'EINAI, 'EIPER 'EPISTHMH 'ESTIN, 'OUK 'ANATIQEMAI MH 'OU
KALW$ LEGESQAI; "OTI4 DE 'OUK 'ESTIN 'EPISTHMH, SKEYAI 'EA=N SOI4
DOKW3 'EIKOTW$ 'APISTEIN. TODE GAR MOI 'EIPE=; 'EI 'ESTIN DIDAKTON
"OTIOUN PRAGMA, MH MONON 'ARETH, 'OUK 'ANAGKAION 'AUTOU4
KAI DIDASKALOU$ KAI MAQHTA$ 'EINAI:
MEN ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
<P 89E>
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'TOUNANTION 'AU, "OU2 MHTE DIDASKALOI MHTE
MAQHTAI 'EIEN, KALW$ 'AN4 'AUTO 'EIKAZONTE$ 'EIKAZOIMEN MH
DIDAKTON 'EINAI:
MEN ^ 'ESTI TAUTA; 'ALL' 'ARETH$ DIDASKALOI 'OU DOKOUSI0
SOI4 'EINAI:
SW ^ POLLAKI$ GOUN ZHTWN 'EI TINE$ 'EIEN 'AUTH$ DIDASKALOI,
PANTA POIW*N 'OU DUNAMAI "EUREIN. KAITOI META POLLWN
GE ZHTW0, KAI TOUTWN MALISTA "OU$ 'AN4 'OIWMAI 'EMPEIROTATOU$
'EINAI TOU* PRAGMATO$. KAI-DH-KAI NU*N, 'W* MENWN, 'EI$ KALON
"HMIN 'ANUTO$ "ODE PAREKAQEZETO, "WI METADWMEN TH$ ZHTHSEW$.


<P 90A>
'EIKOTW$ D' 'AN4 METADOIMEN; 'ANUTO$ GAR "ODE PRWTON MEN 'ESTI
PATRO$ PLOUSIOU TE-KAI SOFOU 'ANQEMIWNO$, "O$4 'EGENETO
PLOUSIO$ 'OUK 'APO TOU* 'AUTOMATOU 'OUDE DONTO$ TINO$, "WSPER
"O NU*N NEWSTI 'EILHFW$ TA POLUKRATOU$ CRHMATA 'ISMHNIA$
"O QHBAIO$, 'ALLA= THI "AUTOU SOFIA\ KTHSAMENO$ KAI 'EPIMELEIA\.
'EPEITA KAI TA 'A=LLA 'OUC "UPERHFANO$ DOKWN 'EINAI POLITH$
'OUDE 'OGKWDH$ TE-KAI 'EPACQH$, 'ALLA= KOSMIO$ KAI 'EUSTALH$
<P 90B>
'ANHR, 'EPEITA TOUTON 'EU 'EQREYEN KAI 'EPAIDEUSEN, "W$ DOKEI0
'AQHNAIWN TW*I PLHQEI; "AIROUNTAI GOUN 'AUTON 'EPI TA$ MEGISTA$
'ARCA$. DIKAION DH META TOIOUTWN ZHTEIN 'ARETH$ PE=RI
DIDASKALOU$, 'EI=T' 'EISIN 'EI=TE MH, KAI "OITINE$. SU 'OUN "HMIN,
'W* 'ANUTE, SUZHTHSON2, 'EMOI4 TE-KAI TW*I SAUTOU XENWI MENWNI
TWIDE, PERI= TOUTOU TOU* PRAGMATO$ TI=NE$ 'AN4 'EIEN DIDASKALOI.
"WDE DE SKEYAI; 'EI BOULOIMEQA MENWNA TONDE 'AGAQON 'IATRON
<P 90C>
GENESQAI, PARA TI=NA$ 'AN4 'AUTON PEMPOIMEN DIDASKALOU$: 'A*R'
'OU PARA TOU$ 'IATROU$:
AN ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ TI= D' 'EI SKUTOTOMON 'AGAQON BOULOIMEQA GENESQAI,
'A*R' 'OU PARA TOU$ SKUTOTOMOU$:
AN ^ NAI.
SW ^ KAI 'TALLA "OUTW$:
AN ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ "WDE DH MOI PALIN PERI= TWN 'AUTWN 'EIPE=. PARA TOU$
'IATROU$, FAMEN, PEMPONTE$ TONDE KALW$ 'AN4 'EPEMPOMEN, BOULOMENOI
'IATRON GENESQAI; 'A*R' "OTAN TOUTO LEGWMEN, TODE
<P 90D>
LEGOMEN, "OTI4 PARA TOUTOU$ PEMPONTE$ 'AUTON SWFRONOIMEN
'AN4, TOU$ 'ANTIPOIOUMENOU$ TE TH$ TECNH$ MALLON 'H= TOU$ MH,
KAI TOU$ MISQON PRATTOMENOU$ 'EP' 'AUTWI TOUTWI, 'APOFHNANTA$
"AUTOU$ DIDASKALOU$ TOU* BOULOMENOU 'IENAI TE-KAI MANQANEIN:
'A*R' 'OU PRO$ TAUTA BLEYANTE$ KALW$ 'AN4 PEMPOIMEN:
AN ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI PERI= 'AULHSEW$ KAI TWN 'ALLWN TA 'AUTA
<P 90E>
TAUTA: POLLH 'ANOIA 'ESTI BOULOMENOU$ 'AULHTHN TINA POIHSAI0
PARA MEN TOU$ "UPISCNOUMENOU$ DIDAXEIN THN TECNHN KAI
MISQON PRATTOMENOU$ MH 'EQELEIN PEMPEIN, 'ALLOI$ DE TISIN
PRAGMATA PARECEIN, ZHTOUNTA8 MANQANEIN8 PARA8 TOUTWN8, "OI=4
MHTE PROSPOIOUNTAI DIDASKALOI 'EINAI MHT' 'ESTIN 'AUTWN MAQHTH$
MHDEI$ TOUTOU TOU* MAQHMATO$ "O= "HMEI$ 'AXIOUMEN MANQANEIN
PAR' 'AUTWN "ON 'AN4 PEMPWMEN. 'OU POLLH SOI4 DOKEI0
'ALOGIA 'EINAI:
AN ^ NAI MA DI=A 'EMOIGE, KAI 'AMAQIA GE PRO$.
SW ^ KALW$ LEGEI$. NU*N TOINUN 'EXESTI SE MET' 'EMOU4


<P 91A>
KOINHI BOULEUESQAI PERI= TOU* XENOU TOUTOUI MENWNO$. "OUTO$
GAR, 'W* 'ANUTE, PALAI LEGEI0 PRO$ ME "OTI4 'EPIQUMEI0 TAUTH$
TH$ SOFIA$ KAI 'ARETH$ "HI "OI 'ANQRWPOI TA$ TE 'OIKIA$ KAI TA$
POLEI$ KALW$ DIOIKOUSI0, KAI TOU$ GONEA$ TOU$ "AUTWN QERAPEUOUSI0,
KAI POLITA$ KAI XENOU$ "UPODEXASQAI TE-KAI 'APOPEMYAI0
'EPISTANTAI 'AXIW$ 'ANDRO$ 'AGAQOU. TAUTHN 'OUN THN
<P 91B>
'ARETHN SKOPEI5 PARA TI=NA$ 'AN4 PEMPONTE$ 'AUTON 'ORQW$ PEMPOIMEN.
'H= DHLON DH KATA TON 'ARTI LOGON "OTI4 PARA TOUTOU$
TOU$ "UPISCNOUMENOU$ 'ARETH$ DIDASKALOU$ 'EINAI KAI 'APOFHNANTA$
"AUTOU$ KOINOU$ TWN "ELLHNWN TW*I BOULOMENWI MANQANEIN,
MISQON TOUTOU TAXAMENOU$ TE-KAI PRATTOMENOU$:
AN ^ KAI TI=NA$ LEGEI$ TOUTOU$, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW ^ 'OISQA DHPOU-KAI SU "OTI4 "OUTOI 'EISIN "OU$ "OI 'ANQRWPOI
KALOUSI0 SOFISTA$.
<P 91C>
AN ^ "HRAKLEI$, 'EUFHMEI5, 'W* SWKRATE$. MHDENA TWN G'
'EMWN MHTE 'OIKEIWN MHTE FILWN, MHTE 'ASTON MHTE XENON,
TOIAUTH MANIA LABOI, "WSTE PARA TOUTOU$ 'ELQONTA LWBHQHNAI,
'EPEI "OUTOI GE FANERA 'ESTI LWBH TE-KAI DIAFQORA TWN
SUGGIGNOMENWN.
SW ^ PW*$ LEGEI$, 'W* 'ANUTE: "OUTOI 'A=RA MONOI TWN 'ANTIPOIOUMENWN
TI 'EPISTASQAI 'EUERGETEIN TOSOUTON TWN 'ALLWN
DIAFEROUSIN0, "OSON 'OU MONON 'OUK 'WFELOUSIN0, "WSPER "OI 'ALLOI,
"OTI2 'AN4 TI$ 'AUTOI$ PARADWI0, 'ALLA=-KAI TO 'ENANTION DIAFQEIROUSIN0:
<P 91D>
KAI TOUTWN FANERW$ CRHMATA 'AXIOUSI0 PRATTESQAI:
'EGW MEN-'OUN 'OUK 'ECW0 "OPW$ SOI4 PISTEUSW42; 'OIDA GAR 'ANDRA
"ENA PRWTAGORAN PLEIW CRHMATA KTHSAMENON 'APO TAUTH$
TH$ SOFIA$ 'H= FEIDIAN TE, "O$4 "OUTW PERIFANW$ KALA 'ERGA
'HRGAZETO, KAI 'ALLOU$ DEKA TWN 'ANDRIANTOPOIWN. KAITOI
TERA$ LEGEI$ 'EI "OI MEN TA "UPODHMATA 'ERGAZOMENOI TA PALAIA
KAI TA "IMATIA 'EXAKOUMENOI 'OUK 'AN4 DUNAINTO LAQEIN TRIAKONQ'
<P 91E>
"HMERA$ MOCQHRO=TERA 'APODIDONTE$ 'H= PARELABON TA "IMATIA TE-KAI
"UPODHMATA, 'ALL' 'EI TOIAUTA POIOIEN, TACU 'AN4 TW*I LIMWI
'APOQANOIEN, PRWTAGORA$ DE-'A=RA "OLHN THN "ELLADA 'ELANQANEN
DIAFQEIRWN TOU$ SUGGIGNOMENOU$ KAI MOCQHROTEROU$
'APOPEMPWN 'H= PARELAMBANEN PLEON 'H= TETTARAKONTA 'ETH %
'OIMAI GAR 'AUTON 'APOQANEIN 'EGGU$ KAI "EBDOMHKONTA 'ETH GEGONOTA,
TETTARAKONTA DE 'EN THI TECNHI 'ONTA % KAI 'EN "APANTI
TW*I CRONWI TOUTWI 'ETI 'EI$ THN "HMERAN TAUTHNI 'EUDOKIMWN
'OUDEN PEPAUTAI, KAI 'OU MONON PRWTAGORA$, 'ALLA=-KAI


<P 92A>
'ALLOI PAMPOLLOI, "OI MEN PROTERON GEGONOTE$ 'EKEINOU, "OI
DE-KAI NU*N 'ETI 'ONTE$. POTERON DH-'OUN FWMEN KATA TON
SON LOGON 'EIDOTA$ 'AUTOU$ 'EXAPATAN KAI LWBASQAI TOU$
NEOU$, 'H= LELHQENAI KAI "EAUTOU$: KAI "OUTW MAINESQAI
'AXIWSOMEN TOUTOU$, "OU$ 'ENIOI FASI0 SOFWTATOU$ 'ANQRWPWN
'EINAI:
AN ^ POLLOU GE DEOUSI0 MAINESQAI, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALLA=
POLU MALLON "OI TOUTOI$ DIDONTE$ 'ARGURION TWN NEWN, TOUTWN
<P 92B>
D' 'ETI MALLON "OI TOUTOI$ 'EPITREPONTE$, "OI PROSHKONTE$, POLU
DE MALISTA PANTWN "AI POLEI$, 'EWSAI 'AUTOU$ 'EISAFIKNEISQAI
KAI 'OUK 'EXELAUNOUSAI, 'EI=TE TI$ XENO$ 'EPICEIREI0 TOIOUTON TI
POIEIN 'EI=TE 'ASTO$.
SW ^ POTERON DE, 'W* 'ANUTE, 'HDIKHKE0 TI$ SE TWN SOFISTWN,
'H= TI= "OUTW$ 'AUTOI$ CALEPO$ 'EI*:
AN ^ 'OUDE MA DI=A 'EGWGE SUGGEGONA PWPOTE 'AUTWN 'OUDENI,
'OUD' 'AN4 'ALLON 'EASAIMI TWN 'EMWN 'OUDENA.
SW ^ 'APEIRO$ 'A=R' 'EI* PANTAPASI TWN 'ANDRWN:
AN ^ KAI 'EIHN GE.
<P 92C>
SW ^ PW*$ 'OUN 'AN4, 'W* DAIMONIE, 'EIDEIH$ PERI= TOUTOU TOU*
PRAGMATO$, 'EI=TE TI 'AGAQON 'ECEI0 'EN "AUTWI 'EI=TE FLAURON, "OU2
PANTAPASIN 'APEIRO$ 'EIH$:
AN ^ "RA\DIW$; TOUTOU$ GOUN 'OIDA "OI=4 'EISIN, 'EI=T'-'OUN
'APEIRO$ 'AUTWN 'EIMI 'EI=TE MH.
SW ^ MANTI$ 'EI* 'ISW$, 'W* 'ANUTE; 'EPEI "OPW$ GE 'ALLW$
'OISQA TOUTWN PE=RI, 'EX "WN 'AUTO$ LEGEI$ QAUMAZOIM' 'AN4.
'ALLA=-GAR 'OU TOUTOU$ 'EZHTOUMEN TI=NE$ 'EISIN, PAR' "OU$ 'AN4
<P 92D>
MENWN 'AFIKOMENO$ MOCQHRO$ GENOITO % "OUTOI MEN-GAR, 'EI SU
BOULEI, 'ESTWSAN "OI SOFISTAI % 'ALLA=-DH 'EKEINOU$ 'EIPE= "HMIN,
KAI TON PATRIKON TONDE "ETAIRON 'EUERGETHSON2 FRASA$ 'AUTWI
PARA TI=NA$ 'AFIKOMENO$ 'EN TOSAUTHI POLEI THN 'ARETHN "HN
NUNDH 'EGW DIHLQON GENOIT' 'AN4 'AXIO$ LOGOU.
'AN ^ TI= DE 'AUTWI 'OU SU 'EFRASA$:
SW ^ 'ALL' "OU$ MEN 'EGW 'WIMHN DIDASKALOU$ TOUTWN 'EINAI,
'EIPON, 'ALLA= TUGCANW0 'OUDEN LEGWN, "W$ SU FH=I$; KAI 'ISW$ TI
<P 92E>
LEGEI$. 'ALLA= SU DH 'EN TW*I MEREI 'AUTWI 'EIPE= PARA TI=NA$
'ELQHI6 'AQHNAIWN; 'EIPE= 'ONOMA "OTOU BOULEI.
AN ^ TI= DE "ENO$ 'ANQRWPOU 'ONOMA DEI 'AKOUSAI0: "OTWI GAR
'AN4 'ENTUCHI6 'AQHNAIWN TWN KALWN 'KAGAQWN, 'OUDEI$ 'ESTIN "O$4
'OU BELTIW 'AUTON POIHSEI2 'H= "OI SOFISTAI, 'EANPER 'EQELHI5
PEIQESQAI.
SW ^ POTERON DE "OUTOI "OI KALOI 'KAGAQOI 'APO TOU*
'AUTOMATOU 'EGENONTO TOIOUTOI, PAR' 'OUDENO$ MAQONTE$ "OMW$
MENTOI 'ALLOU$ DIDASKEIN "OIOI-TE-'ONTE$ TAUTA "A 'AUTOI 'OUK


<P 93A>
'EMAQON:
AN ^ KAI TOUTOU$ 'EGWGE 'AXIW0 PARA TWN PROTERWN MAQEIN,
'ONTWN0 KALWN 'KAGAQWN; 'H= 'OU DOKOUSI0 SOI4 POLLOI KAI 'AGAQOI
GEGONENAI 'EN THIDE THI POLEI 'ANDRE$:
SW ^ 'EMOIGE, 'W* 'ANUTE, KAI 'EINAI DOKOUSIN0 'ENQADE 'AGAQOI
TA POLITIKA, KAI GEGONENAI 'ETI 'OUC "HTTON 'H= 'EINAI; 'ALLA=-MWN-KAI
DIDASKALOI 'AGAQOI GEGONASIN TH$ "AUTWN 'ARETH$:
TOUTO GAR 'ESTIN PERI= "OU2 "O LOGO$ "HMIN TUGCANEI0 'WN; 'OUK 'EI
'EISIN 'AGAQOI 'H= MH 'ANDRE$ 'ENQADE, 'OUD' 'EI GEGONASIN 'EN TW*I
<P 93B>
PROSQEN, 'ALL' 'EI DIDAKTON 'ESTIN 'ARETH PALAI SKOPOUMEN.
TOUTO DE SKOPOUNTE$ TODE SKOPOUMEN, 'A*RA "OI 'AGAQOI 'ANDRE$
KAI TWN NU*N KAI TWN PROTERWN TAUTHN THN 'ARETHN "HN 'AUTOI
'AGAQOI 'HSAN 'HPISTANTO KAI 'ALLWI PARADOUNAI0, 'H= 'OU PARADOTON
TOUTO 'ANQRWPWI 'OUDE PARALHPTON 'ALLWI PAR' 'ALLOU;
TOUT' 'ESTIN "O= PALAI ZHTOUMEN 'EGW TE-KAI MENWN. "WDE 'OUN
SKOPEI5 'EK TOU* SAUTOU LOGOU; QEMISTOKLEA 'OUK 'AGAQON 'AN4
<P 93C>
FAIH$ 'ANDRA GEGONENAI:
AN ^ 'EGWGE, PANTWN GE MALISTA.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI DIDASKALON 'AGAQON, 'EIPER TI$ 'ALLO$ TH$
"AUTOU 'ARETH$ DIDASKALO$ 'H*N, 'KAKEINON 'EINAI:
AN ^ 'OIMAI 'EGWGE, 'EIPER 'EBOULETO GE.
SW ^ 'ALL', 'OIEI, 'OUK 'AN4 'EBOULHQH 'ALLOU$ TE TINA$
KALOU$ 'KAGAQOU$ GENESQAI, MALISTA DE-POU TON "UON TON
"AUTOU: 'H= 'OIEI 'AUTON FQONEIN 'AUTWI KAI 'EXEPITHDE$ 'OU PARADIDONAI
<P 93D>
THN 'ARETHN "HN 'AUTO$ 'AGAQO$ 'H*N: 'H= 'OUK 'AKHKOA$ "OTI4
QEMISTOKLH$ KLEOFANTON TON "UON "IPPEA MEN 'EDIDAXATO
'AGAQON: 'EPEMENEN GOUN 'EPI TWN "IPPWN 'ORQO$ "ESTHKW$, KAI
'HKONTIZEN 'APO TWN "IPPWN 'ORQO$, KAI 'A=LLA POLLA KAI QAUMASTA
'HRGAZETO "A 'EKEINO$ 'AUTON 'EPAIDEUSATO KAI 'EPOIHSE
SOFON, "OSA DIDASKALWN 'AGAQWN 'EICETO; 'H= TAUTA 'OUK 'AKHKOA$
TWN PRESBUTERWN:
AN ^ 'AKHKOA.
SW ^ 'OUK 'AN4 'A=RA THN GE FUSIN TOU* "UEO$ 'AUTOU4 'HITIASAT'
'AN4 TI$ 'EINAI KAKHN.
<P 93E>
AN ^ 'ISW$ 'OUK 'AN4.
SW ^ TI= DE TODE: "W$ KLEOFANTO$ "O QEMISTOKLEOU$ 'ANHR
'AGAQO$ KAI SOFO$ 'EGENETO "APER "O PATHR 'AUTOU4, 'HDH TOU
'AKHKOA$ 'H= NEWTEROU 'H= PRESBUTEROU:
AN ^ 'OU-DHTA.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN TAUTA MEN 'OIOMEQA BOULESQAI 'AUTON TON
"AUTOU "UON PAIDEUSAI0, "HN DE 'AUTO$ SOFIAN 'H*N SOFO$, 'OUDEN
TWN GEITONWN BELTIW POIHSAI0, 'EIPER 'H*N GE DIDAKTON "H 'ARETH:
AN ^ 'ISW$ MA DI=' 'OU=.
SW ^ "OUTO$ MEN-DH SOI4 TOIOUTO$ DIDASKALO$ 'ARETH$, "ON
KAI SU "OMOLOGEI$ 'EN TOI$ 'ARISTON TWN PROTERWN 'EINAI; 'ALLON


<P 94A>
DE-DH SKEYWMEQA, 'ARISTEIDHN TON LUSIMACOU; 'H= TOUTON
'OUC "OMOLOGEI$ 'AGAQON GEGONENAI:
AN ^ 'EGWGE, PANTW$ DHPOU.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI "OUTO$ TON "UON TON "AUTOU LUSIMACON,
"OSA MEN DIDASKALWN 'EICETO, KALLISTA 'AQHNAIWN 'EPAIDEUSE,
'ANDRA DE BELTIW DOKEI0 SOI4 "OTOUOUN PEPOIHKENAI: TOUTWI GAR-POU-KAI
SUGGEGONA$ KAI "ORA*I$0 "OIO$ 'ESTIN. 'EI DE BOULEI,
<P 94B>
PERIKLEA, "OUTW$ MEGALOPREPW$ SOFON 'ANDRA, 'OISQ' "OTI4 DUO
"UEI$ 'EQREYE, PARALON KAI XANQIPPON:
AN ^ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ TOUTOU$ MENTOI, "W$ 'OISQA KAI SU, "IPPEA$ MEN 'EDIDAXEN
'OUDENO$ CEIROU$ 'AQHNAIWN, KAI MOUSIKHN KAI 'AGWNIAN
KAI 'TALLA 'EPAIDEUSEN "OSA TECNH$ 'ECETAI 'OUDENO$ CEIROU$;
'AGAQOU$ DE-'A=RA 'ANDRA$ 'OUK 'EBOULETO POIHSAI0: DOKW0 MEN,
'EBOULETO, 'ALLA= MH 'OUK 'HI DIDAKTON. "INA DE MH 'OLIGOU$ 'OIHI3
KAI TOU$ FAULOTATOU$ 'AQHNAIWN 'ADUNATOU$ GEGONENAI TOUTO
<P 94C>
TO PRAGMA, 'ENQUMHQHTI "OTI4 QOUKUDIDH$ 'AU DUO "UEI$ 'EQREYEN,
MELHSIAN KAI STEFANON, KAI TOUTOU$ 'EPAIDEUSEN TA TE 'A=LLA
'EU KAI 'EPALAISAN KALLISTA 'AQHNAIWN % TON MEN-GAR XANQIA\
'EDWKE, TON DE 'EUDWRWI; "OUTOI DE-POU 'EDOKOUN TWN TO=TE
KALLISTA PALAIEIN % 'H= 'OU MEMNHSAI:
AN ^ 'EGWGE, 'AKOHI.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N DHLON "OTI4 "OUTO$ 'OUK 'AN4 POTE, "OU4 MEN 'EDEI
<P 94D>
DAPANWMENON DIDASKEIN, TAUTA MEN 'EDIDAXE TOU$ PAIDA$ TOU$
"AUTOU, "OU4 DE 'OUDEN 'EDEI 'ANALWSANTA 'AGAQOU$ 'ANDRA$ POIHSAI0,
TAUTA DE 'OUK 'EDIDAXEN, 'EI DIDAKTON 'H*N: 'ALLA=-GAR 'ISW$ "O
QOUKUDIDH$ FAULO$ 'H*N, KAI 'OUK 'HSAN 'AUTWI PLEISTOI FILOI
'AQHNAIWN KAI TWN SUMMACWN: KAI 'OIKIA$ MEGALH$ 'H*N KAI
'EDUNATO MEGA 'EN THI POLEI KAI 'EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$ "ELLHSIN, "WSTE
'EIPER 'H*N TOUTO DIDAKTON, 'EXEUREIN 'AN4 "OSTI$ 'EMELLEN 'AUTOU4
TOU$ "UEI$ 'AGAQOU$ POIHSEIN, 'H= TWN 'EPICWRIWN TI$ 'H= TWN
<P 94E>
XENWN, 'EI 'AUTO$ MH 'ESCOLAZEN DIA= THN TH$ POLEW$ 'EPIMELEIAN.
'ALLA=-GAR, 'W* "ETAIRE 'ANUTE, MH 'OUK 'HI DIDAKTON 'ARETH.
AN ^ 'W* SWKRATE$, "RA\DIW$ MOI DOKEI$ KAKW$ LEGEIN 'ANQRWPOU$.
'EGW MEN-'OUN 'AN4 SOI4 SUMBOULEUSAIMI, 'EI 'EQELEI$
'EMOI4 PEIQESQAI, 'EULABEISQAI; "W$ 'ISW$ MEN-KAI 'EN 'ALLHI POLEI
"RA\DION 'ESTIN KAKW$ POIEIN 'ANQRWPOU$ 'H= 'EU, 'EN THIDE DE-KAI


<P 95A>
PANU; 'OIMAI DE SE KAI 'AUTON 'EIDENAI.
SW ^ 'W* MENWN, 'ANUTO$ MEN MOI DOKEI0 CALEPAINEIN, KAI
'OUDEN QAUMAZW0; 'OIETAI GAR ME PRWTON MEN KAKHGOREIN TOUTOU$
TOU$ 'ANDRA$, 'EPEITA "HGEITAI KAI 'AUTO$ 'EINAI "EI$ TOUTWN. 'ALL'
"OUTO$ MEN 'EA=N POTE GNWI "OION 'ESTIN TO KAKW$ LEGEIN, PAUSETAI
CALEPAINWN, NU*N DE 'AGNOEI0; SU DE MOI 'EIPE=, 'OU-KAI PAR' "UMIN
'EISIN KALOI 'KAGAQOI 'ANDRE$:
MEN ^ PANU GE.
<P 95B>
SW ^ TI= 'OUN: 'EQELOUSIN0 "OUTOI PARECEIN "AUTOU$ DIDASKALOU$
TOI$ NEOI$, KAI "OMOLOGEIN DIDASKALOI TE 'EINAI 'H=
DIDAKTON 'ARETHN:
MEN ^ 'OU MA TON DI=A, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALLA= TOTE= MEN 'AN4
'AUTWN 'AKOUSAI$ "W$ DIDAKTON, TOTE= DE "W$ 'OU=.
SW ^ FWMEN 'OUN TOUTOU$ DIDASKALOU$ 'EINAI TOUTOU TOU*
PRAGMATO$, "OI$ MHDE 'AUTO TOUTO "OMOLOGEITAI:
MEN ^ 'OU MOI DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ TI= DE-DH: "OI SOFISTAI SOI4 "OUTOI, "OIPER MONOI
'EPAGGELLONTAI, DOKOUSI0 DIDASKALOI 'EINAI 'ARETH$:
<P 95C>
MEN ^ KAI GORGIOU MALISTA, 'W* SWKRATE$, TAUTA 'AGAMAI,
"OTI4 'OUK 'AN4 POTE 'AUTOU4 TOUTO 'AKOUSAI$ "UPISCNOUMENOU, 'ALLA=-KAI
TWN 'ALLWN KATAGELA*I0, "OTAN 'AKOUSHI6 "UPISCNOUMENWN; 'ALLA=
LEGEIN 'OIETAI DEIN POIEIN DEINOU$.
SW ^ 'OUD'-'A=RA SOI4 DOKOUSIN0 "OI SOFISTAI DIDASKALOI
'EINAI:
MEN ^ 'OUK 'ECW0 LEGEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$. KAI-GAR 'AUTO$
"OPER "OI POLLOI PEPONQA; TOTE= MEN MOI DOKOUSIN0, TOTE= DE 'OU=.
SW ^ 'OISQA DE "OTI4 'OU MONON SOI4 TE-KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ T'I$
POLITIKOI$ TOUTO DOKEI0 TOTE= MEN 'EINAI DIDAKTON, TOTE= D' 'OU=,
<P 95D>
'ALLA=-KAI QEOGNIN TON POIHTHN 'OISQ' "OTI4 'TAUTA TAUTA LEGEI0:
MEN ^ 'EN POI=OI$ 'EPESIN:
SW ^ 'EN TOI$ 'ELEGEIOI$, "OU4 LEGEI0 %
KAI9 PARA1 TOISIN9 PINE9 KAI9 'ESQIE9, KAI9 META9 TOISIN9
"IZE9, KAI9 "ANDANE9 TOI$9, "WN9 MEGALH9 DUNAMI$9.
'ESQLWN9 MEN9-GAR9 'A=P'9 'ESQLA9 DIDAXEAI9; 'H=N9 DE9 KAKOISIN9
<P 95E>
SUMMISGHI$9, 'APOLEI$9 KAI9 TON9 'EONTA9 NOON9.
'OISQ' "OTI4 'EN TOUTOI$ MEN "W$ DIDAKTOU 'OUSH$ TH$ 'ARETH$ LEGEI0:
MEN ^ FAINETAI GE.
SW ^ 'EN 'ALLOI$ DE-GE 'OLIGON METABA$ %
'EI9 D'9 'H*N9 POIHTON9, FHSI, KAI9 'ENQETON9 'ANDRI9 NOHMA9,
LEGEI0 PW$ "OTI4 %
POLLOU$9 'AN94 MISQOU$9 KAI9 MEGALOU$9 'EFERON9
"OI DUNAMENOI TOUTO POIEIN, KAI %
'OU9 POT'9 'AN94 'EX9 'AGAQOU9 PATRO$9 'EGENTO9 KAKO$9,


<P 96A>
PEIQOMENO$9 MUQOISI9 SAOFROSIN9. 'ALLA=9 DIDASKWN9
'OU9 POTE9 POIHSEI$9 TON9 KAKON9 'ANDR'9 'AGAQON9.
'ENNOEI$ "OTI4 'AUTO$ "AUTWI PALIN PERI= TWN 'AUTWN 'TANANTIA
LEGEI0:
MEN ^ FAINETAI.
SW ^ 'ECEI$ 'OUN 'EIPEIN 'ALLOU "OTOUOUN PRAGMATO$, "OU2 "OI
MEN FASKONTE$ DIDASKALOI 'EINAI 'OUC "OPW$ 'ALLWN DIDASKALOI
"OMOLOGOUNTAI, 'ALL'-'OUDE 'AUTOI 'EPISTASQAI, 'ALLA= PONHROI
<P 96B>
'EINAI PERI= 'AUTO TOUTO TO PRAGMA "OU2 FASI0 DIDASKALOI 'EINAI,
"OI DE "OMOLOGOUMENOI 'AUTOI KALOI 'KAGAQOI TOTE= MEN FASIN0
'AUTO DIDAKTON 'EINAI, TOTE= DE 'OU= % TOU$ 'OUN "OUTW TETARAGMENOU$
PERI= "OTOUOUN FAIH$ 'AN4 SU KURIW$ DIDASKALOU$ 'EINAI:
MEN ^ MA DI=' 'OUK 'EGWGE.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EI MHTE "OI SOFISTAI MHTE "OI 'AUTOI KALOI
'KAGAQOI 'ONTE$ DIDASKALOI 'EISI TOU* PRAGMATO$, DHLON "OTI4 'OUK
'AN4 'ALLOI GE:
MEN ^ 'OU MOI DOKEI0.
<P 96C>
SW ^ 'EI DE-GE MH DIDASKALOI, 'OUDE MAQHTAI:
MEN ^ DOKEI0 MOI 'ECEIN "W$ LEGEI$.
SW ^ "WMOLOGHKAMEN DE-GE, PRAGMATO$ "OU2 MHTE DIDASKALOI
MHTE MAQHTAI 'EIEN, TOUTO MH DIDAKTON 'EINAI:
MEN ^ "WMOLOGHKAMEN.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'ARETH$ 'OUDAMOU FAINONTAI DIDASKALOI:
MEN ^ 'ESTI TAUTA.
SW ^ 'EI DE-GE MH DIDASKALOI, 'OUDE MAQHTAI:
MEN ^ FAINETAI "OUTW$.
SW ^ 'ARETH 'A=RA 'OUK 'AN4 'EIH DIDAKTON:
<P 96D>
MEN ^ 'OUK 'EOIKEN0, 'EIPER 'ORQW$ "HMEI$ 'ESKEMMEQA. "WSTE
KAI QAUMAZW0 DH, 'W* SWKRATE$, POTERON POTE 'OUD' 'EISIN 'AGAQOI
'ANDRE$, 'H= TI=$ 'AN4 'EIH "O TROPO$ TH$ GENESEW$ TWN 'AGAQWN
GIGNOMENWN.
SW ^ KINDUNEUOMEN, 'W* MENWN, 'EGW TE-KAI SU FAULOI TINE$
'EINAI 'ANDRE$, KAI SE TE GORGIA$ 'OUC "IKANW$ PEPAIDEUKENAI
KAI 'EME PRODIKO$. PANTO$ MALLON 'OUN PROSEKTEON TON NOUN
"HMIN-'AUTOI$, KAI ZHTHTEON "OSTI$ "HMA$ "ENI GE TWI TROPWI BELTIOU$
<P 96E>
POIHSEI2; LEGW0 DE TAUTA 'APOBLEYA$ PRO$ THN 'ARTI ZHTHSIN,
"W$ "HMA$ 'ELAQEN KATAGELASTW$ "OTI4 'OU MONON 'EPISTHMH$
"HGOUMENH$ 'ORQW$ TE-KAI 'EU TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ PRATTETAI TA
PRAGMATA, "HI 'ISW$ KAI DIAFEUGEI0 "HMA$ TO GNWNAI0 TI=NA POTE
TROPON GIGNONTAI "OI 'AGAQOI 'ANDRE$.
MEN ^ PW*$ TOUTO LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW ^ "WDE; "OTI4 MEN TOU$ 'AGAQOU$ 'ANDRA$ DEI 'WFELIMOU$ 'EINAI,


<P 97A>
'ORQW$ "WMOLOGHKAMEN TOUTO GE "OTI4 'OUK 'AN4 'ALLW$ 'ECOI; 'H*-GAR:
MEN ^ NAI.
SW ^ KAI "OTI4 GE 'WFELIMOI 'ESONTAI, 'AN2 'ORQW$ "HMIN "HGWNTAI
TWN PRAGMATWN, KAI TOUTO POU KALW$ "WMOLOGOUMEN:
MEN ^ NAI.
SW ^ "OTI4 D' 'OUK 'ESTIN2 'ORQW$ "HGEISQAI, 'EA=N MH FRONIMO$
'HI, TOUTO "OMOIOI 'ESMEN 'OUK 'ORQW$ "WMOLOGHKOSIN.
MEN ^ PW*$ DH 'ORQW$8 LEGEI$:
SW ^ 'EGW 'ERW2. 'EI7 TI$ 'EIDW$ THN "ODON THN 'EI$ LARISAN 'H=
"OPOI BOULEI 'ALLOSE BADIZOI KAI 'ALLOI$ "HGOITO, 'ALLO TI 'ORQW$
'AN4 KAI 'EU "HGOITO:
MEN ^ PANU GE.
<P 97B>
SW ^ TI= D' 'EI TI$ 'ORQW$ MEN DOXAZWN "HTI$ 'ESTIN "H "ODO$,
'ELHLUQW$ DE MH MHD' 'EPISTAMENO$, 'OU-KAI "OUTO$ 'AN4 'ORQW$
"HGOITO:
MEN ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ KAI "EW$ G' 'AN4 POU 'ORQHN DOXAN 'ECHI5 PERI= "WN "O "ETERO$
'EPISTHMHN, 'OUDEN CEIRWN "HGEMWN 'ESTAI, 'OIOMENO$ MEN 'ALHQH,
FRONWN DE MH, TOU* TOUTO FRONOUNTO$.
MEN ^ 'OUDEN GAR.
SW ^ DOXA 'A=RA 'ALHQH$ PRO$ 'ORQOTHTA PRAXEW$ 'OUDEN
CEIRWN "HGEMWN FRONHSEW$; KAI TOUTO 'ESTIN "O= NUNDH PARELEIPOMEN
'EN THI PERI= TH$ 'ARETH$ SKEYEI "OPOION TI 'EIH, LEGONTE$
<P 97C>
"OTI4 FRONHSI$ MONON "HGEITAI TOU* 'ORQW$ PRATTEIN; TO DE-'A=RA-KAI
DOXA 'H*N 'ALHQH$.
MEN ^ 'EOIKE0 GE.
SW ^ 'OUDEN 'A=RA "HTTON 'WFELIMON 'ESTIN 'ORQH DOXA
'EPISTHMH$.
MEN ^ TOSOUTWI GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OTI42 "O MEN THN 'EPISTHMHN
'ECWN 'AEI 'AN4 'EPITUGCANOI, "O DE THN 'ORQHN DOXAN TOTE= MEN 'AN4
TUGCANOI, TOTE= D' 'OU=.
SW ^ PW*$ LEGEI$: "O 'AEI 'ECWN 'ORQHN DOXAN 'OUK 'AEI 'AN4
TUGCANOI, "EWSPER 'ORQA DOXAZOI:
MEN ^ 'ANAGKH MOI FAINETAI; "WSTE QAUMAZW0, 'W* SWKRATE$,
<P 97D>
TOUTOU "OUTW$ 'ECONTO$, "OTI2 DH POTE POLU TIMIWTE=RA
"H 'EPISTHMH TH$ 'ORQH$ DOXH$, KAI DI' "OTI2 TO MEN "ETERON, TO DE
"ETERON 'ESTIN 'AUTWN.
SW ^ 'OISQA 'OUN DI' "OTI2 QAUMAZEI$, 'H= 'EGW SOI4 'EIPW4:
MEN ^ PANU G' 'EIPE=.
SW ^ "OTI4 TOI$ DAIDALOU 'AGALMASIN 'OU PROSESCHKA$ TON
NOUN; 'ISW$ DE-'OUD' 'ESTIN PAR' "UMIN.
MEN ^ PRO$ TI= DE-DH TOUTO LEGEI$:
SW ^ "OTI4 KAI TAUTA, 'EA=N MEN MH DEDEMENA-'HI, 'APODIDRASKEI0
KAI DRAPETEUEI0, 'EA=N DE DEDEMENA, PARAMENEI0.
<P 97E>
MEN ^ TI= 'OUN-DH:
SW ^ TWN 'EKEINOU POIHMATWN LELUMENON MEN 'EKTHSQAI 'OU
POLLH$ TINO$ 'AXION 'ESTI TIMH$, "WSPER DRAPETHN 'ANQRWPON %
'OU-GAR PARAMENEI0 % DEDEMENON DE POLLOU 'AXION; PANU GAR
KALA TA 'ERGA 'ESTIN. PRO$ TI= 'OUN-DH LEGW0 TAUTA: PRO$
TA$ DOXA$ TA$ 'ALHQEI$. KAI-GAR "AI DOXAI "AI 'ALHQEI$, "OSON
MEN 'AN4 CRONON PARAMENWSIN, KALON TO CRHMA KAI PANT'


<P 98A>
'AGAQA 'ERGAZONTAI; POLUN DE CRONON 'OUK 'EQELOUSI0 PARAMENEIN0,
'ALLA= DRAPETEUOUSIN0 'EK TH$ YUCH$ TOU* 'ANQRWPOU,
"WSTE 'OU POLLOU 'AXIAI 'EISIN, "EW$ 'AN4 TI$ 'AUTA$ DHSHI6 'AITIA$
LOGISMWI. TOUTO D' 'ESTIN, 'W* MENWN "ETAIRE, 'ANAMNHSI$, "W$
'EN TOI$ PROSQEN "HMIN "WMOLOGHTAI. 'EPEIDAN DE DEQWSIN,
PRWTON MEN 'EPISTHMAI GIGNONTAI, 'EPEITA MONIMOI; KAI DIA=
TAUTA DH TIMIWTERON 'EPISTHMH 'ORQH$ DOXH$ 'ESTIN, KAI DIAFEREI0
DESMWI 'EPISTHMH 'ORQH$ DOXH$.
MEN ^ NH TON DI=A, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EOIKEN0 TOIOUTWI TINI.
<P 98B>
SW ^ KAI-MHN-KAI 'EGW "W$ 'OUK 'EIDW$ LEGW0, 'ALLA= 'EIKAZWN;
"OTI4 DE 'ESTIN TI 'ALLOION 'ORQH DOXA KAI 'EPISTHMH, 'OU PANU
MOI DOKW0 TOUTO 'EIKAZEIN, 'ALL' 'EIPER TI 'ALLO FAIHN 'AN4
'EIDENAI % 'OLIGA D' 'AN4 FAIHN % "EN D'-'OUN-KAI TOUTO 'EKEINWN
QEIHN 'AN4 "WN 'OIDA.
MEN ^ KAI 'ORQW$ GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, LEGEI$.
SW ^ TI= DE: TODE 'OUK 'ORQW$, "OTI4 'ALHQH$ DOXA "HGOUMENH
TO 'ERGON "EKASTH$ TH$ PRAXEW$ 'OUDEN CEIRON 'APERGAZETAI 'H=
'EPISTHMH:
MEN ^ KAI TOUTO DOKEI$ MOI 'ALHQH LEGEIN.
<P 98C>
SW ^ 'OUDEN 'A=RA 'ORQH DOXA 'EPISTHMH$ CEIRON 'OUDE "HTTON
'WFELIMH 'ESTAI 'EI$ TA$ PRAXEI$, 'OUDE "ANHR "O 'ECWN 'ORQHN
DOXAN 'H= "O 'EPISTHMHN.
MEN ^ 'ESTI TAUTA.
SW ^ KAI-MHN "O GE 'AGAQO$ 'ANHR 'WFELIMO$ "HMIN "WMOLOGHTAI
'EINAI.
MEN ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'EPEIDH TOINUN 'OU MONON DI' 'EPISTHMHN 'AGAQOI 'ANDRE$
'AN4 'EIEN KAI 'WFELIMOI TAI$ POLESIN, 'EIPER 'EIEN, 'ALLA=-KAI DI'
'ORQHN DOXAN, TOUTOIN DE 'OUDETERON FUSEI 'ESTIN TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$
<P 98D>
'OUTE 'EPISTHMH 'OUTE DOXA 'ALHQH$ 'OUT'8 'EPIKTHTA8 % 'H=
DOKEI0 SOI4 FUSEI "OPOTERONOUN 'AUTOIN 'EINAI:
MEN ^ 'OUK 'EMOIGE.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EPEIDH 'OU FUSEI, 'OUDE "OI 'AGAQOI FUSEI
'EIEN 'AN4.
MEN ^ 'OU-DHTA.
SW ^ 'EPEIDH DE-GE 'OU FUSEI, 'ESKOPOUMEN TO META TOUTO
'EI DIDAKTON 'ESTIN.
MEN ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N DIDAKTON 'EDOXEN 'EINAI, 'EI FRONHSI$ "H 'ARETH:
MEN ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'KAN4 'EI GE DIDAKTON 'EIH, FRONHSI$ 'AN4 'EINAI:
MEN ^ PANU GE.
<P 98E>
SW ^ KAI 'EI MEN-GE DIDASKALOI 'EIEN, DIDAKTON 'AN4 'EINAI,
MH 'ONTWN0 DE 'OU DIDAKTON:
MEN ^ "OUTW.
SW ^ 'ALLA=-MHN "WMOLOGHKAMEN MH 'EINAI 'AUTOU4
DIDASKALOU$:
MEN ^ 'ESTI TAUTA.
SW ^ "WMOLOGHKAMEN 'A=RA-MHTE DIDAKTON 'AUTO MHTE FRONHSIN
'EINAI:
MEN ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ 'ALLA=-MHN 'AGAQON GE 'AUTO "OMOLOGOUMEN 'EINAI:
MEN ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'WFELIMON DE-KAI 'AGAQON 'EINAI TO 'ORQW$ "HGOUMENON:
MEN ^ PANU GE.


<P 99A>
SW ^ 'ORQW$ DE-GE "HGEISQAI DUO 'ONTA TAUTA MONA, DOXAN
TE 'ALHQH KAI 'EPISTHMHN, "A 'ECWN 'ANQRWPO$ 'ORQW$ "HGEITAI;
TA GAR 'APO TUCH$ TINO$ 'ORQW$ GIGNOMENA 'OUK 'ANQRWPINHI
"HGEMONIA\ GIGNETAI; "WN DE 'ANQRWPO$ "HGEMWN 'ESTIN 'EPI TO
'ORQON, DUO TAUTA, DOXA 'ALHQH$ KAI 'EPISTHMH.
MEN ^ DOKEI0 MOI "OUTW.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EPEIDH 'OU DIDAKTON 'ESTIN, 'OUD' 'EPISTHMHI DH
'ETI GIGNETAI "H 'ARETH:
MEN ^ 'OU FAINETAI.
<P 99B>
SW ^ DUOIN 'A=RA 'ONTOIN 'AGAQOIN KAI 'WFELIMOIN TO MEN
"ETERON 'APOLELUTAI, KAI 'OUK 'AN4 'EIH 'EN POLITIKHI PRAXEI
'EPISTHMH "HGEMWN.
MEN ^ 'OU MOI DOKEI0.
SW ^ 'OUK-'A=RA SOFIA\ TINI 'OUDE SOFOI 'ONTE$ "OI TOIOUTOI
'ANDRE$ "HGOUNTO TAI$ POLESIN, "OI 'AMFI QEMISTOKLEA TE-KAI
"OU$ 'ARTI 'ANUTO$ "ODE 'ELEGEN; DIO DH-KAI 'OUC "OIOI-TE 'ALLOU$
POIEIN TOIOUTOU$ "OIOI 'AUTOI 'EISI, "ATE 'OU DI' 'EPISTHMHN 'ONTE$
TOIOUTOI.
MEN ^ 'EOIKEN0 "OUTW$ 'ECEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$, "W$ LEGEI$.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EI MH 'EPISTHMHI, 'EUDOXIA\ DH TO LOIPON
<P 99C>
GIGNETAI: "HI "OI POLITIKOI 'ANDRE$ CRWMENOI TA$ POLEI$ 'ORQOUSIN0,
'OUDEN DIAFERONTW$ 'ECONTE$ PRO$ TO FRONEIN 'H= "OI
CRHSMWIDOI TE-KAI "OI QEOMANTEI$; KAI-GAR "OUTOI 'ENQOUSIWNTE$
LEGOUSIN0 MEN 'ALHQH KAI POLLA, 'ISASI DE 'OUDEN "WN
LEGOUSIN0.
MEN ^ KINDUNEUEI0 "OUTW$ 'ECEIN.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N, 'W* MENWN, 'AXION TOUTOU$ QEIOU$ KALEIN0
TOU$ 'ANDRA$, "OITINE$ NOUN MH 'ECONTE$ POLLA KAI MEGALA
KATORQOUSIN0 "WN PRATTOUSI0 KAI LEGOUSI0:
MEN ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ 'ORQW$ 'AN4 KALOIMEN0 QEIOU$ TE "OU$ NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN
<P 99D>
CRHSMWIDOU$ KAI MANTEI$ KAI TOU$ POIHTIKOU$ "APANTA$, KAI
TOU$ POLITIKOU$ 'OUC "HKISTA TOUTWN FAIMEN 'AN4 QEIOU$ TE 'EINAI
KAI 'ENQOUSIAZEIN, 'EPIPNOU$ 'ONTA$ KAI KATECOMENOU$ 'EK TOU*
QEOU, "OTAN KATORQWSI LEGONTE$ POLLA KAI MEGALA PRAGMATA,
MHDEN 'EIDOTE$ "WN LEGOUSIN0.
MEN ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ KAI "AI GE GUNAIKE$ DHPOU, 'W* MENWN, TOU$ 'AGAQOU$
'ANDRA$ QEIOU$ KALOUSI0; KAI "OI LAKWNE$ "OTAN TINA 'EGKWMIAZWSIN
'AGAQON 'ANDRA, SEIO$ 'ANHR, FASIN0, "OUTO$.
<P 99E>
MEN ^ KAI FAINONTAI GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ORQW$ LEGEIN.
KAITOI 'ISW$ 'ANUTO$ "ODE SOI4 'ACQETAI LEGONTI.
SW ^ 'OUDEN MELEI0 'EMOIGE. TOUTWI MEN, 'W* MENWN, KAI 'AUQI$
DIALEXOMEQA; 'EI DE NU*N "HMEI$ 'EN PANTI TW*I LOGWI TOUTWI KALW$
'EZHTHSAMEN TE-KAI 'ELEGOMEN, 'ARETH 'AN4 'EIH 'OUTE FUSEI 'OUTE
DIDAKTON, 'ALLA= QEIA\ MOIRA\ PARAGIGNOMENH 'ANEU NOU "OI$ 'AN4


<P 100A>
PARAGIGNHTAI, 'EI MH TI$ 'EIH TOIOUTO$ TWN POLITIKWN 'ANDRWN
"OIO$ KAI 'ALLON POIHSAI0 POLITIKON. 'EI DE 'EIH, SCEDON 'AN4 TI
"OUTO$ LEGOITO TOIOUTO$ 'EN TOI$ ZWSIN4 "OION 'EFH "OMHRO$ 'EN
TOI$ TEQNEWSIN TON TEIRESIAN 'EINAI, LEGWN PERI= 'AUTOU4, "OTI4
'OIO$1 PEPNUTAI1 TWN 'EN "AIDOU, "OI DE9 SKIAI9 'AISSOUSI90.
'TAUTON 'AN4 KAI 'ENQADE "O TOIOUTO$ "WSPER PARA SKIA$ 'ALHQE$
'AN4 PRAGMA 'EIH PRO$ 'ARETHN.
<P 100B>
MEN ^ KALLISTA DOKEI$ MOI LEGEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ 'EK MEN-TOINUN TOUTOU TOU* LOGISMOU, 'W* MENWN, QEIA\
MOIRA\ "HMIN FAINETAI PARAGIGNOMENH "H 'ARETH "OI$ PARAGIGNETAI;
TO DE SAFE$ PERI= 'AUTOU4 'EISOMEQA TO=TE, "OTAN PRIN
"WITINI TROPWI TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ PARAGIGNETAI 'ARETH, PROTERON
'EPICEIRHSWMEN 'AUTO KAQ' "AUTO ZHTEIN TI= POT' 'ESTIN 'ARETH.
NU*N D' 'EMOI4 MEN "WRA POI 'IENAI, SU DE TAUTA "APER
'AUTO$ PEPEISAI PEIQE KAI TON XENON TONDE 'ANUTON, "INA
<P 100C>
PRA\OTERO$ 'HI; "W$ 'EA=N PEISHI$ TOUTON, 'ESTIN "OTI2 KAI 'AQHNAIOU$
'ONHSEI$.


<B FAIDW>


<P 57A>
EC ^ 'AUTO$, 'W* FAIDWN, PAREGENOU SWKRATEI 'EKEINHI THI
"HMERA\ "HI TO FARMAKON 'EPIEN 'EN TW*I DESMWTHRIWI, 'H= 'ALLOU TOU
'HKOUSA$:
FAID ^ 'AUTO$, 'W* 'ECEKRATE$.
EC ^ TI= 'OUN-DH 'ESTIN "ATTA 'EI*PEN "O 'ANHR PRO TOU* QANATOU:
KAI PW*$ 'ETELEUTA: "HDEW$ GAR 'AN4 'EGW 'AKOUSAIMI. KAI-GAR-'OUTE
TWN8 POLITWN8 FLEIASIWN 'OUDEI$ PANU TI 'EPICWRIAZEI0
TA NU*N 'AQHNAZE, 'OUTE TI$ XENO$ 'AFIKTAI CRONOU SUCNOU
<P 57B>
'EKEIQEN "OSTI$ 'AN4 "HMIN SAFE$ TI 'AGGEILAI0 "OIO$-T'-'H*N PERI=
TOUTWN, PLHN GE-DH "OTI4 FARMAKON PIWN 'APOQANOI; TWN DE
'ALLWN 'OUDEN 'EICEN FRAZEIN.


<P 58A>
FAID ^ 'OUDE TA PERI= TH$ DIKH$ 'A=RA 'EPUQESQE "ON TROPON
'EGENETO:
EC ^ NAI, TAUTA MEN "HMIN 'HGGEILE TI$, KAI 'EQAUMAZOMEN
GE "OTI4 PALAI GENOMENH$ 'AUTH$ POLLWI "USTERON FAINETAI
'APOQANWN. TI= 'OUN 'H*N TOUTO, 'W* FAIDWN:
FAID ^ TUCH TI$ 'AUTWI, 'W* 'ECEKRATE$, SUNEBH; 'ETUCEN
GAR THI PROTERAIA\ TH$ DIKH$ "H PRUMNA 'ESTEMMENH TOU* PLOIOU
"O= 'EI$ DHLON2 'AQHNAIOI PEMPOUSIN0.
EC ^ TOUTO DE-DH TI= 'ESTIN:
FAID ^ TOUT' 'ESTI TO PLOION, "W$ FASIN0 'AQHNAIOI, 'EN "WI
QHSEU$ POTE 'EI$ KRHTHN TOU$ DI$9 "EPTA9 'EKEINOU$ 'WICETO
<P 58B>
'AGWN KAI 'ESWSE TE-KAI 'AUTO$ 'ESWQH. TW*I 'OUN 'APOLLWNI
'HUXANTO "W$ LEGETAI TO=TE, 'EI SWQEIEN, "EKASTOU 'ETOU$ QEWRIAN
'APAXEIN 'EI$ DHLON2; "HN DH 'AEI KAI NU*N 'ETI 'EX 'EKEINOU KAT'
'ENIAUTON TW*I QEWI PEMPOUSIN0. 'EPEIDAN 'OUN 'ARXWNTAI TH$
QEWRIA$, NOMO$ 'ESTIN 'AUTOI$ 'EN TW*I CRONWI TOUTWI KAQAREUEIN
THN POLIN KAI DHMOSIA\ MHDENA 'APOKTEINUNAI, PRIN 'AN4 'EI$
DHLON2 TE 'AFIKHTAI TO PLOION KAI PALIN DEURO; TOUTO D'
'ENIOTE 'EN POLLWI CRONWI GIGNETAI, "OTAN TUCWSIN 'ANEMOI 'APOLABONTE$
<P 58C>
'AUTOU$. 'ARCH D' 'ESTI TH$ QEWRIA$ 'EPEIDAN "O
"IEREU$ TOU* 'APOLLWNO$ STEYHI6 THN PRUMNAN TOU* PLOIOU;
TOUTO D' 'ETUCEN, "WSPER LEGW0, THI PROTERAIA\ TH$ DIKH$ GEGONO$.
DIA= TAUTA KAI POLU$ CRONO$ 'EGENETO TW*I SWKRATEI 'EN
TW*I DESMWTHRIWI "O METAXU TH$ DIKH$ TE-KAI TOU* QANATOU.
EC ^ TI= DE-DH TA PERI= 'AUTON TON QANATON, 'W* FAIDWN: TI=
'H*N TA LECQENTA KAI PRACQENTA, KAI TI=NE$ "OI PARAGENOMENOI
TWN 'EPITHDEIWN TW*I 'ANDRI: 'H= 'OUK 'EIWN "OI 'ARCONTE$ PAREINAI,
'ALL' 'ERHMO$ 'ETELEUTA FILWN:
<P 58D>
FAID ^ 'OUDAMW$, 'ALLA= PARHSAN TINE$, KAI POLLOI GE.
EC ^ TAUTA DH PANTA PROQUMHQHTI "W$ SAFESTATA "HMIN
'APAGGEILAI0, 'EI MH TI$ SOI4 'ASCOLIA TUGCANEI0 'OUSA.
FAID ^ 'ALLA= SCOLAZW0 GE-KAI PEIRASOMAI "UMIN DIHGHSASQAI;
KAI-GAR TO MEMNHSQAI SWKRATOU$ KAI 'AUTON LEGONTA
KAI 'ALLOU 'AKOUONTA 'EMOIGE 'AEI PANTWN "HDISTON.
EC ^ 'ALLA=-MHN, 'W* FAIDWN, KAI TOU$ 'AKOUSOMENOU$ GE
TOIOUTOU$ "ETEROU$ 'ECEI$; 'ALLA= PEIRW5 "W$ 'AN4 DUNHI3 'AKRIBESTATA
DIEXELQEIN PANTA.
<P 58E>
FAID ^ KAI-MHN 'EGWGE QAUMA=SIA 'EPAQON PARAGENOMENO$.
'OUTE-GAR "W$ QANATWI PARONTA ME 'ANDRO$ 'EPITHDEIOU 'ELEO$
'EISHIEI; 'EUDAIMWN GAR MOI "ANHR 'EFAINETO, 'W* 'ECEKRATE$, KAI
TOU* TROPOU KAI TWN LOGWN, "W$ 'ADEW$ KAI GENNAIW$ 'ETELEUTA,
"WSTE MOI 'EKEINON PARISTASQAI MHD' 'EI$ "AIDOU 'IONTA 'ANEU
QEIA$ MOIRA$ 'IENAI, 'ALLA=-KAI 'EKEISE 'AFIKOMENON 'EU PRAXEIN


<P 59A>
'EIPER TI$ PWPOTE KAI 'ALLO$. DIA= DH TAUTA 'OUDEN PANU MOI
'ELEINON 'EISHIEI, "W$ 'EIKO$ 'AN4 DOXEIEN 'EINAI PARONTI PENQEI,
'OUTE 'AU "HDONH "W$ 'EN FILOSOFIA\ "HMWN 'ONTWN0 "WSPER 'EIWQEMEN %
KAI-GAR "OI LOGOI TOIOUTOI TINE$ 'HSAN % 'ALL' 'ATECNW$
'ATOPON TI MOI PAQO$ PARHN KAI TI$ 'AHQH$ KRASI$ 'APO TE TH$
"HDONH$ SUGKEKRAMENH "OMOU KAI 'APO TH$ LUPH$, 'ENQUMOUMENWI
"OTI4 'AUTIKA 'EKEINO$ 'EMELLE TELEUTAN. KAI PANTE$ "OI PARONTE$
SCEDON TI "OUTW DIEKEIMEQA, TOTE= MEN GELWNTE$, 'ENIOTE DE
DAKRUONTE$, "EI$ DE "HMWN KAI DIAFERONTW$, 'APOLLODWRO$ %
<P 59B>
'OISQA GAR-POU TON 'ANDRA KAI TON TROPON 'AUTOU4.
EC ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
FAID ^ 'EKEINO$ TE-TOINUN PANTAPASIN "OUTW$ 'EICEN, KAI
'AUTO$ 'EGWGE 'ETETARAGMHN KAI "OI 'ALLOI.
EC ^ 'ETUCON DE, 'W* FAIDWN, TI=NE$ PARAGENOMENOI:
FAID ^ "OUTO$ TE-DH "O 'APOLLODWRO$ TWN 'EPICWRIWN
PARHN KAI KRITOBOULO$ KAI "O PATHR 'AUTOU4 KAI 'ETI "ERMOGENH$
KAI 'EPIGENH$ KAI 'AISCINH$ KAI 'ANTISQENH$; 'H*N DE-KAI
KTHSIPPO$ "O PAIANIEU$ KAI MENEXENO$ KAI 'ALLOI TINE$ TWN
'EPICWRIWN. PLATWN DE 'OIMAI 'HSQENEI.
EC ^ XENOI DE TINE$ PARHSAN:
<P 59C>
FAID ^ NAI, SIMMIA$ TE-GE "O QHBAIO$ KAI KEBH$ KAI
FAIDWNDH$ KAI MEGAROQEN 'EUKLEIDH$ TE-KAI TERYIWN.
EC ^ TI= DE: 'ARISTIPPO$ KAI KLEOMBROTO$ PAREGENONTO:
FAID ^ 'OU-DHTA; 'EN 'AIGINHI GAR 'ELEGONTO 'EINAI.
EC ^ 'ALLO$ DE TI$ PARHN:
FAID ^ SCEDON TI 'OIMAI TOUTOU$ PARAGENESQAI.
EC ^ TI= 'OUN-DH: TI=NE$ FH=I$ 'HSAN "OI LOGOI:
FAID ^ 'EGW SOI4 'EX 'ARCH$ PANTA PEIRASOMAI DIHGHSASQAI.
<P 59D>
'AEI GAR-DH-KAI TA$ PROSQEN "HMERA$ 'EIWQEMEN FOITAN
KAI 'EGW KAI "OI 'ALLOI PARA TON SWKRATH, SULLEGOMENOI
"EWQEN 'EI$ TO DIKASTHRION 'EN "WI KAI "H DIKH 'EGENETO; PLHSION
GAR 'H*N TOU* DESMWTHRIOU. PERIEMENOMEN 'OUN "EKASTOTE "EW$
'ANOICQEIH TO DESMWTHRION, DIATRIBONTE$ MET' 'ALLHLWN, 'ANEWIGETO
GAR 'OU PRWI; 'EPEIDH DE 'ANOICQEIH, 'EISHIMEN PARA TON
SWKRATH KAI TA POLLA DIHMEREUOMEN MET' 'AUTOU4. KAI-DH-KAI
TO=TE PRWIAITERON SUNELEGHMEN; THI GAR PROTERAIA\ "HMERA\8
<P 59E>
'EPEIDH 'EXHLQOMEN 'EK TOU* DESMWTHRIOU "ESPERA$, 'EPUQOMEQA
"OTI4 TO PLOION 'EK DHLOU2 'AFIGMENON-'EIH. PARHGGEILAMEN 'OUN
'ALLHLOI$ "HKEIN "W$ PRWIAITATA 'EI$ TO 'EIWQO$. KAI "HKOMEN KAI
"HMIN 'EXELQWN "O QURWRO$, "OSPER 'EIWQEI "UPAKOUEIN, 'EI*PEN PERIMENEIN0
KAI MH PROTERON PARIENAI "EW$ 'AN4 'AUTO$ KELEUSHI6;
LUOUSI0 GAR, 'EFH, "OI "ENDEKA SWKRATH KAI PARAGGELLOUSIN0
"OPW$ 'AN4 THIDE THI "HMERA\ TELEUTA*I2. 'OU POLUN D'-'OUN CRONON
'EPISCWN "HKEN KAI 'EKELEUEN "HMA$ 'EISIENAI. 'EISIONTE$ 'OUN


<P 60A>
KATELAMBANOMEN TON MEN SWKRATH 'ARTI LELUMENON, THN DE
XANQIPPHN % GIGNWSKEI$ GAR % 'ECOUSAN TE TO PAIDION 'AUTOU4
KAI PARAKAQHMENHN. "W$ 'OUN 'EIDEN "HMA$ "H XANQIPPH, 'ANHUFHMHSE
TE-KAI TOIAUT' 'ATTA 'EI*PEN, "OI*A DH 'EIWQASIN "AI
GUNAIKE$, "OTI4 'W* SWKRATE$, "USTATON DH SE PROSEROUSI2 NU*N
"OI 'EPITHDEIOI KAI SU TOUTOU$. KAI "O SWKRATH$ BLEYA$ 'EI$
TON KRITWNA, 'W* KRITWN, 'EFH, 'APAGETW TI$ 'AUTHN
'OIKADE.
KAI 'EKEINHN MEN 'APHGON TINE$ TWN TOU* KRITWNO$ BOWSAN
<P 60B>
TE-KAI KOPTOMENHN; "O DE SWKRATH$ 'ANAKAQIZOMENO$ 'EI$ THN
KLINHN SUNEKAMYE TE TO SKELO$ KAI 'EXETRIYE THI CEIRI, KAI
TRIBWN "AMA, "W$ 'ATOPON, 'EFH, 'W* 'ANDRE$, 'EOIKE0 TI 'EINAI
TOUTO "O= KALOUSIN0 "OI 'ANQRWPOI "HDU; "W$ QAUMASIW$ PEFUKE0
PRO$ TO DOKOUN2 'ENANTION 'EINAI, TO LUPHRON, TO "AMA MEN
'AUTW MH 'QELEIN PARAGIGNESQAI TW*I 'ANQRWPWI, 'EA=N DE TI$
DIWKHI5 TO "ETERON KAI LAMBANHI5 SCEDON TI 'ANAGKAZESQAI 'AEI
LAMBANEIN KAI TO "ETERON, "WSPER 'EK MIA$ KORUFH$ "HMMENW
<P 60C>
DU' 'ONTE. KAI MOI DOKEI0, 'EFH, 'EI 'ENENOHSEN 'AUTA 'AISWPO$,
MUQON 'AN4 SUNQEINAI0 "W$ "O QEO$ BOULOMENO$ 'AUTA DIALLAXAI0
POLEMOUNTA, 'EPEIDH 'OUK 'EDUNATO, SUNHYEN 'EI$ 'TAUTON 'AUTOI$
TA$ KORUFA$, KAI DIA= TAUTA "WI 'AN4 TO "ETERON PARAGENHTAI
'EPAKOLOUQEI0 "USTERON KAI TO "ETERON. "WSPER 'OUN-KAI 'AUTWI MOI
'EOIKEN0; 'EPEIDH "UPO TOU* DESMOU 'H*N 'EN TW*I SKELEI TO 'ALGEINON,
"HKEIN DH FAINETAI 'EPAKOLOUQOUN2 TO "HDU.
"O 'OUN KEBH$ "UPOLABWN, NH TON DI=A, 'W* SWKRATE$,
'EFH, 'EU G' 'EPOIHSA$ 'ANAMNHSA$ ME. PERI= GAR-TOI TWN
<P 60D>
POIHMATWN "WN PEPOIHKA$ 'ENTEINA$ TOU$ TOU* 'AISWPOU LOGOU$
KAI TO 'EI$ TON 'APOLLW PROOIMION KAI 'ALLOI TINE$ ME 'HDH
'HRONTO, 'ATAR-KAI 'EUHNO$ PRWIHN, "OTI2 POTE DIANOHQEI$, 'EPEIDH
DEURO 'HLQE$, 'EPOIHSA$ 'AUTA, PROTERON 'OUDEN PWPOTE POIHSA$.
'EI 'OUN TI SOI4 MELEI0 TOU* 'ECEIN 'EME 'EUHNWI 'APOKRINASQAI "OTAN
ME 'AUQI$ 'ERWTA*I2 % 'EU 'OIDA GAR "OTI4 'ERHSETAI % 'EIPE= TI= CRH
LEGEIN.
LEGE TOINUN, 'EFH, 'AUTWI, 'W* KEBH$, 'TALHQH, "OTI4 'OUK
'EKEINWI BOULOMENO$ 'OUDE TOI$ POIHMASIN 'AUTOU4 'ANTITECNO$
<P 60E>
'EINAI 'EPOIHSA TAUTA % 'HIDH GAR "W$ 'OU "RA\DION 'EIH % 'ALL'
'ENUPNIWN TINWN 'APOPEIRWMENO$ TI= LEGOI, KAI 'AFOSIOUMENO$
'EI 'A=RA POLLAKI$ TAUTHN THN MOUSIKHN MOI 'EPITATTOI POIEIN.
'H*N GAR-DH 'ATTA TOIADE; POLLAKI$ MOI FOITWN TO 'AUTO 'ENUPNION
'EN TW*I PARELQONTI BIWI, 'ALLOT' 'EN 'ALLHI 'OYEI FAINOMENON,
TA 'AUTA DE LEGON, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EFH, MOUSIKHN
POIEI5 KAI 'ERGAZOU. KAI 'EGW 'EN GE TW*I PROSQEN CRONWI "OPER
'EPRATTON TOUTO "UPELAMBANON 'AUTO MOI PARAKELEUESQAI TE-KAI


<P 61A>
'EPIKELEUEIN, "WSPER "OI TOI$ QEOUSI4 DIAKELEUOMENOI, KAI
'EMOI4 "OUTW TO 'ENUPNION "OPER 'EPRATTON TOUTO 'EPIKELEUEIN,
MOUSIKHN POIEIN, "W$ FILOSOFIA$ MEN 'OUSH$ MEGISTH$ MOUSIKH$,
'EMOU4 DE TOUTO PRATTONTO$. NU*N D' 'EPEIDH "H TE DIKH
'EGENETO KAI "H TOU* QEOU "EORTH DIEKWLUE ME 'APOQNHISKEIN, 'EDOXE
CRHNAI0, 'EI 'A=RA POLLAKI$ MOI PROSTATTOI TO 'ENUPNION TAUTHN
THN DHMWDH MOUSIKHN POIEIN, MH 'APEIQHSAI0 'AUTWI 'ALLA=
POIEIN; 'ASFALESTERON GAR 'EINAI MH 'APIENAI PRIN 'AFOSIWSASQAI
<P 61B>
POIHSANTA POIHMATA KAI8 PIQOMENON TW*I 'ENUPNIWI.
"OUTW DH PRWTON MEN 'EI$ TON QEON 'EPOIHSA "OU 'H*N "H PAROUSA
QUSIA; META DE TON QEON, 'ENNOHSA$ "OTI4 TON POIHTHN DEOI,
'EIPER MELLOI POIHTH$ 'EINAI, POIEIN MUQOU$ 'ALL' 'OU LOGOU$,
KAI 'AUTO$ 'OUK 'H*2 MUQOLOGIKO$, DIA= TAUTA DH "OU$ PROCEIROU$
'EICON MUQOU$ KAI 'HPISTAMHN TOU$ 'AISWPOU, TOUTWN 'EPOIHSA
"OI$ PRWTOI$ 'ENETUCON. TAUTA 'OUN, 'W* KEBH$, 'EUHNWI FRAZE,
KAI 'ERRWSQAI KAI, 'AN2 SWFRONHI5, 'EME DIWKEIN "W$ TACISTA.
<P 61C>
'APEIMI DE, "W$ 'EOIKE0, THMERON; KELEUOUSI0 GAR 'AQHNAIOI.
KAI "O SIMMIA$, "OION PARAKELEUHI0, 'EFH, TOUTO, 'W* SWKRATE$,
'EUHNWI. POLLA GAR 'HDH 'ENTETUCHKA TW*I 'ANDRI;
SCEDON 'OUN 'EX "WN 'EGW 'HISQHMAI 'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN SOI4 "EKWN
'EINAI PEISETAI.
TI= DE: 'H*-D'-"O$, 'OU FILOSOFO$ 'EUHNO$:
'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'EFH "O SIMMIA$.
'EQELHSEI2 TOINUN-KAI 'EUHNO$ KAI PA$ "OTWI 'AXIW$ TOUTOU
TOU* PRAGMATO$ METESTIN. 'OU-MENTOI 'ISW$ BIASETAI "AUTON;
'OU-GAR FASI0 QEMITON 'EINAI. KAI "AMA LEGWN TAUTA KAQHKE
<P 61D>
TA SKELH 'EPI THN GHN, KAI KAQEZOMENO$ "OUTW$ 'HDH TA LOIPA
DIELEGETO.
'HRETO 'OUN 'AUTON "O KEBH$; PW*$ TOUTO LEGEI$, 'W*
SWKRATE$, TO MH QEMITON 'EINAI "EAUTON BIAZESQAI, 'EQELEIN D'
'AN4 TW*I 'APOQNHISKONTI TON FILOSOFON "EPESQAI:
TI= DE, 'W* KEBH$: 'OUK 'AKHKOATE SU TE-KAI SIMMIA$ PERI=
TWN TOIOUTWN FILOLAWI SUGGEGONOTE$:
'OUDEN GE SAFE$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
'ALLA=-MHN-KAI 'EGW 'EX 'AKOH$ PERI= 'AUTWN LEGW0; "A MEN-'OUN
TUGCANW0 'AKHKOW$ FQONO$ 'OUDEI$ LEGEIN. KAI-GAR 'ISW$
<P 61E>
KAI MALISTA PREPEI0 MELLONTA 'EKEISE 'APODHMEIN DIASKOPEIN
TE-KAI MUQOLOGEIN PERI= TH$ 'APODHMIA$ TH$ 'EKEI, POI=AN TINA
'AUTHN 'OIOMEQA 'EINAI; TI= GAR 'AN4 TI$ KAI POIOI* 'ALLO 'EN TW*I
MECRI "HLIOU DUSMWN CRONWI:
KATA TI= DH-'OUN POTE 'OU FASI0 QEMITON 'EINAI 'AUTON "EAUTON
'APOKTEINUNAI, 'W* SWKRATE$: 'HDH GAR 'EGWGE, "OPER NUNDH SU
'HROU, KAI FILOLAOU 'HKOUSA, "OTE PAR' "HMIN DIHITATO, 'HDH DE-KAI
'ALLWN TINWN, "W$ 'OU DEOI TOUTO POIEIN; SAFE$ DE PERI=
'AUTWN 'OUDENO$ PWPOTE 'OUDEN 'AKHKOA.


<P 62A>
'ALLA= PROQUMEISQAI CRH, 'EFH; TACA GAR 'AN4 KAI 'AKOUSAI$
'ISW$ MENTOI QAUMASTON SOI4 FANEITAI 'EI TOUTO MONON
TWN 'ALLWN "APANTWN "APLOUN 'ESTIN, KAI 'OUDEPOTE TUGCANEI0 TW*I
'ANQRWPWI, "WSPER KAI 'TALLA, 'ESTIN "OTE KAI "OI$ BELTION 'ON7
TEQNANAI 'H= ZHN, "OI$ DE BELTION TEQNANAI, QAUMASTON 'ISW$
SOI4 FAINETAI 'EI TOUTOI$ TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ MH "OSION 'AUTOU$
"EAUTOU$ 'EU POIEIN, 'ALLA= 'ALLON DEI PERIMENEIN0 'EUERGETHN.
KAI "O KEBH$ 'HREMA 'EPIGELASA$, 'ITTW ZEU$, 'EFH, THI
"AUTOU FWNHI 'EIPWN.
<P 62B>
KAI-GAR 'AN4 DOXEIEN, 'EFH "O SWKRATH$, "OUTW G' 'EINAI
'ALOGON; 'OU-MENTOI-'ALL' 'ISW$ G' 'ECEI0 TINA LOGON. "O MEN-'OUN
'EN 'APORRHTOI$ LEGOMENO$ PERI= 'AUTWN LOGO$, "W$ 'EN TINI
FROURA\ 'ESMEN "OI 'ANQRWPOI KAI 'OU DEI DH "EAUTON 'EK TAUTH$
LUEIN 'OUD' 'APODIDRASKEIN, MEGA$ TE TI$ MOI FAINETAI KAI 'OU
"RA\DIO$ DIIDEIN; 'OU-MENTOI-'ALLA= TODE GE MOI DOKEI0, 'W* KEBH$,
'EU LEGESQAI, TO QEOU$ 'EINAI "HMWN TOU$ 'EPIMELOUMENOU$ KAI
"HMA$ TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ "EN TWN KTHMATWN TOI$ QEOI$ 'EINAI. 'H=
SOI4 'OU DOKEI0 "OUTW$:
'EMOIGE, FHSIN "O KEBH$.
<P 62C>
'OUKOU*N, 'H*-D'-"O$, KAI SU 'AN4 TWN SAUTOU KTHMATWN 'EI
TI 'AUTO "EAUTO 'APOKTEINUOI, MH SHMHNANTO$ SOU4 "OTI4 BOULEI
'AUTO TEQNANAI, CALEPAINOI$ 'AN4 'AUTWI KAI, 'EI TINA 'ECOI$
TIMWRIAN, TIMWROIO 'AN4:
PANU G', 'EFH.
'ISW$ TOINUN TAUTHI 'OUK 'ALOGON MH PROTERON "AUTON
'APOKTEINUNAI DEIN, PRIN 'ANAGKHN TINA QEO$ 'EPIPEMYHI6,
"WSPER KAI THN NU*N "HMIN PAROUSAN.
'ALL' 'EIKO$, 'EFH "O KEBH$, TOUTO GE FAINETAI. "O= MENTOI
NUNDH 'ELEGE$, TO TOU$ FILOSOFOU$ "RA\DIW$ 'AN4 'EQELEIN
<P 62D>
'APOQNHISKEIN, 'EOIKEN0 TOUTO, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ATOPWI, 'EIPER "O=
NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN 'EULOGW$ 'ECEI0, TO QEON TE 'EINAI TON 'EPIMELOUMENON
"HMWN KAI "HMA$ 'EKEINOU KTHMATA 'EINAI. TO GAR MH
'AGANAKTEIN TOU$ FRONIMWTATOU$ 'EK TAUTH$ TH$ QERAPEIA$
'APIONTA$, 'EN "HI 'EPISTATOUSIN0 'AUTWN "OIPER 'ARISTOI 'EISIN TWN
'ONTWN0 'EPISTATAI, QEOI, 'OUK 'ECEI0 LOGON; 'OU-GAR-POU 'AUTO$ GE
"AUTOU 'OIETAI 'AMEINON 'EPIMELHSESQAI 'ELEUQERO$ GENOMENO$.
'ALL' 'ANOHTO$ MEN 'ANQRWPO$ TAC' 'AN4 'OIHQEIH TAUTA, FEUKTEON
<P 62E>
'EINAI 'APO TOU* DESPOTOU, KAI 'OUK 'AN4 LOGIZOITO "OTI4 'OU DEI 'APO
GE TOU* 'AGAQOU FEUGEIN 'ALL' "OTI2 MALISTA PARAMENEIN0, DIO
'ALOGISTW$ 'AN4 FEUGOI; "O DE NOUN 'ECWN 'EPIQUMOI POU 'AN4 'AEI
'EINAI PARA TW*I "AUTOU BELTIONI. KAITOI "OUTW$, 'W* SWKRATE$,
'TOUNANTION 'EINAI 'EIKO$ 'H= "O= NUNDH 'ELEGETO; TOU$ MEN-GAR
FRONIMOU$ 'AGANAKTEIN 'APOQNHISKONTA$ PREPEI0, TOU$ DE 'AFRONA$
CAIREIN.
'AKOUSA$ 'OUN "O SWKRATH$ "HSQHNAI TE MOI 'EDOXE THI TOU*


<P 63A>
KEBHTO$ PRAGMATEIA\, KAI 'EPIBLEYA$ 'EI$ "HMA$, 'AEI TOI,
'EFH, "O8 KEBH$ LOGOU$ TINA$ 'ANEREUNA\0, KAI 'OU PANU 'EUQEW$
'EQELEI0 PEIQESQAI "OTI2 'AN4 TI$ 'EIPHI5.
KAI "O SIMMIA$ 'ALLA=-MHN, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, NU*N GE MOI
DOKEI0 TI KAI 'AUTWI LEGEIN KEBH$; TI= GAR 'AN4 BOULOMENOI
'ANDRE$ SOFOI "W$ 'ALHQW$ DESPOTA$ 'AMEINOU$ "AUTWN FEUGOIEN
KAI "RA\DIW$ 'APALLATTOINTO 'AUTWN: KAI MOI DOKEI0 KEBH$ 'EI$
SE TEINEIN TON LOGON, "OTI4 "OUTW "RA\DIW$ FEREI$ KAI "HMA$
'APOLEIPWN KAI 'ARCONTA$ 'AGAQOU$, "W$ 'AUTO$ "OMOLOGEI$, QEOU$.
<P 63B>
DI=KAIA, 'EFH, LEGETE0; 'OIMAI GAR "UMA$ LEGEIN "OTI4 CRH ME
PRO$ TAUTA 'APOLOGHSASQAI "WSPER 'EN DIKASTHRIWI.
PANU MEN-'OUN 'EFH "O SIMMIA$.
FERE DH, 'H*-D'-"O$, PEIRAQW PIQANWTERON PRO$ "UMA$ 'APOLOGHSASQAI
'H= PRO$ TOU$ DIKASTA$. 'EGW GAR, 'EFH, 'W* SIMMIA
TE-KAI KEBH$, 'EI MEN MH 'WIMHN "HXEIN PRWTON MEN PARA
QEOU$ 'ALLOU$ SOFOU$ TE-KAI 'AGAQOU$, 'EPEITA KAI PAR'
'ANQRWPOU$ TETELEUTHKOTA$ 'AMEINOU$ TWN 'ENQADE, 'HDIKOUN
'AN4 'OUK 'AGANAKTWN TW*I QANATWI; NU*N DE 'EU 'ISTE2 "OTI4 PAR'
<P 63C>
'ANDRA$ TE 'ELPIZW0 'AFIXESQAI 'AGAQOU$ % KAI TOUTO MEN 'OUK 'AN4
PANU DIISCURISAIMHN % "OTI4 MENTOI PARA QEOU$ DESPOTA$ PANU
'AGAQOU$ "HXEIN, 'EU 'ISTE2 "OTI4 'EIPER TI 'ALLO TWN TOIOUTWN
DIISCURISAIMHN 'AN4 KAI TOUTO. "WSTE DIA= TAUTA 'OUC "OMOIW$
'AGANAKTW0, 'ALL' 'EUELPI$ 'EIMI 'EINAI TI TOI$ TETELEUTHKOSI KAI,
"WSPER GE-KAI PALAI LEGETAI, POLU 'AMEINON TOI$ 'AGAQOI$ 'H=
TOI$ KAKOI$.
TI= 'OUN, 'EFH "O SIMMIA$, 'W* SWKRATE$: 'AUTO$ 'ECWN THN
DIANOIAN TAUTHN 'EN NWI 'ECEI$ 'APIENAI, 'H= 'KAN4 "HMIN METADOIH$:
<P 63D>
KOINON GAR-DH 'EMOIGE DOKEI0 KAI "HMIN 'EINAI 'AGAQON TOUTO, KAI
"AMA SOI4 "H 'APOLOGIA 'ESTAI, 'EA=N "APER LEGEI$ "HMA$ PEISHI$.
'ALLA= PEIRASOMAI, 'EFH. PRWTON DE KRITWNA TONDE
SKEYWMEQA TI= 'ESTIN "O= BOULESQAI MOI DOKEI0 PALAI 'EIPEIN.
TI= DE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EFH "O KRITWN, 'ALLO GE 'H= PALAI
MOI LEGEI0 "O MELLWN SOI4 DWSEIN TO FARMAKON "OTI4 CRH SOI4
FRAZEIN "W$ 'ELACISTA DIALEGESQAI: FHSI GAR QERMAINESQAI
MALLON DIALEGOMENOU$, DEIN DE 'OUDEN TOIOUTON PROSFEREIN
<P 63E>
TW*I FARMAKWI; 'EI DE MH, 'ENIOTE 'ANAGKAZESQAI KAI DI$ KAI TRI$
PINEIN TOU$ TI TOIOUTON POIOUNTA$.
KAI "O SWKRATH$, 'EA2, 'EFH, CAIREIN 'AUTON; 'ALLA= MONON
TO "EAUTOU PARASKEUAZETW "W$ KAI DI$ DWSWN, 'EA=N DE DEHI5,
KAI TRI$.
'ALLA= SCEDON MEN TI 'HIDH, 'EFH "O KRITWN; 'ALLA= MOI PALAI
PRAGMATA PARECEI0.
'EA2 'AUTON, 'EFH. 'ALL' "UMIN DH TOI$ DIKASTAI$ BOULOMAI
'HDH TON LOGON 'APODOUNAI0, "W$ MOI FAINETAI 'EIKOTW$ 'ANHR TW*I-'ONTI
'EN FILOSOFIA\ DIATRIYA$ TON BION QARREIN MELLWN


<P 64A>
'APOQANEISQAI KAI 'EUELPI$ 'EINAI 'EKEI MEGISTA 'OISESQAI 'AGAQA
'EPEIDAN TELEUTHSHI6. PW*$ 'AN4 'OUN-DH TOUQ "OUTW$ 'ECOI, 'W*
SIMMIA TE-KAI KEBH$, 'EGW PEIRASOMAI FRASAI0.
KINDUNEUOUSI0 GAR "OSOI TUGCANOUSIN0 'ORQW$ "APTOMENOI
FILOSOFIA$ LELHQENAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ "OTI4 'OUDEN 'ALLO 'AUTOI
'EPITHDEUOUSIN0 'H= 'APOQNHISKEIN TE-KAI TEQNANAI. 'EI 'OUN TOUTO
'ALHQE$, 'ATOPON DHPOU 'AN4 'EIH PROQUMEISQAI MEN 'EN PANTI TW*I
BIWI MHDEN 'ALLO 'H= TOUTO, "HKONTO$ DE-DH 'AUTOU4 'AGANAKTEIN
"O= PALAI PROUQUMOUNTO TE-KAI 'EPETHDEUON.
KAI "O SIMMIA$ GELASA$, NH TON DI=A, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$,
<P 64B>
'OU PANU GE ME NUNDH GELASEIONTA 'EPOIHSA$ GELASAI0. 'OIMAI
GAR 'AN4 TOU$ POLLOU$ 'AUTO TOUTO 'AKOUSANTA$ DOKEIN 'EU PANU
'EIRHSQAI 'EI$ TOU$ FILOSOFOUNTA$ % KAI SUMFANAI0 'AN4 TOU$ MEN
PAR' "HMIN 'ANQRWPOU$ KAI PANU % "OTI4 TW*I-'ONTI "OI FILOSOFOUNTE$
QANATWSI0, KAI SFA$ GE 'OU LELHQASIN "OTI4 'AXIOI 'EISIN
TOUTO PASCEIN.
KAI 'ALHQH G' 'AN4 LEGOIEN, 'W* SIMMIA, PLHN GE TOU* SFA$
MH LELHQENAI. LELHQEN0 GAR 'AUTOU$ "HI TE QANATWSI0 KAI "HI 'AXIOI
'EISIN QANATOU KAI "OIOU QANATOU "OI "W$ 'ALHQW$ FILOSOFOI.
<P 64C>
'EIPWMEN GAR 'EFH, PRO$ "HMA$-'AUTOU$, CAIREIN 'EIPONTE$ 'EKEINOI$;
"HGOUMEQA0 TI TON QANATON 'EINAI:
PANU GE, 'EFH "UPOLABWN "O SIMMIA$.
'A=RA MH 'ALLO TI 'H= THN TH$ YUCH$ 'APO TOU* SWMATO$
'APALLAGHN: KAI 'EINAI TOUTO TO TEQNANAI, CWRI$ MEN 'APO TH$
YUCH$ 'APALLAGEN 'AUTO KAQ' "AUTO TO SWMA GEGONENAI, CWRI$
DE THN YUCHN 'APO8 TOU* SWMATO$ 'APALLAGEISAN 'AUTHN KAQ'
"AUTHN 'EINAI: 'A*RA MH 'ALLO TI 'HI "O QANATO$ 'H= TOUTO:
'OU=K, 'ALLA= TOUTO, 'EFH.
SKEYAI DH, 'WGAQE, 'EA=N 'A=RA-KAI SOI4 SUNDOKHI5 "APER 'EMOI4;
<P 64D>
'EK GAR TOUTWN MALLON 'OIMAI "HMA$ 'EISESQAI PERI= "WN SKOPOUMEN.
FAINETAI SOI4 FILOSOFOU 'ANDRO$ 'EINAI 'ESPOUDAKENAI
PERI= TA$ "HDONA$ KALOUMENA$0 TA$ TOIASDE, "OION SITIWN TE8-KAI
POTWN:
"HKISTA, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EFH "O SIMMIA$.
TI= DE TA$ TWN 'AFRODISIWN:
'OUDAMW$.
TI= DE TA$ 'ALLA$ TA$ PERI= TO SWMA QERAPEIA$: DOKEI0 SOI4
'ENTIMOU$ "HGEISQAI "O TOIOUTO$: "OION "IMATIWN DIAFERONTWN0
KTHSEI$ KAI "UPODHMATWN KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ KALLWPISMOU$
TOU$ PERI= TO SWMA POTERON TIMAN DOKEI0 SOI4 'H= 'ATIMAZEIN,
<P 64E>
KAQ' "OSON MH POLLH 'ANAGKH METECEIN 'AUTWN:
'ATIMAZEIN 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'EFH, "O GE "W$ 'ALHQW$
FILOSOFO$.
'OUKOU*N "OLW$ DOKEI0 SOI4, 'EFH, "H TOU* TOIOUTOU PRAGMATEIA
'OU PERI= TO SWMA 'EINAI, 'ALLA= KAQ' "OSON DUNATAI
'AFESTANAI0 'AUTOU4, PRO$ DE THN YUCHN TETRAFQAI:
'EMOIGE.
'A*R'-'OUN PRWTON MEN 'EN TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ DHLO$ 'ESTIN "O


<P 65A>
FILOSOFO$ 'APOLUWN "OTI2 MALISTA THN YUCHN 'APO TH$ TOU*
SWMATO$ KOINWNIA$ DIAFERONTW$ TWN 'ALLWN 'ANQRWPWN:
FAINETAI.
KAI DOKEI0 GE-POU, 'W* SIMMIA, TOI$ POLLOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$
"WI MHDEN "HDU TWN TOIOUTWN MHDE METECEI0 'AUTWN 'OUK 'AXION
'EINAI ZHN, 'ALL' 'EGGU$ TI TEINEIN TOU* TEQNANAI "O MHDEN FRONTIZWN
TWN "HDONWN "AI= DIA= TOU* SWMATO$ 'EISIN.
PANU MEN-'OUN 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
TI= DE-DH PERI= 'AUTHN THN TH$ FRONHSEW$ KTHSIN: POTERON
'EMPODION TO SWMA 'H= 'OU=, 'EA=N TI$ 'AUTO 'EN THI ZHTHSEI
<P 65B>
KOINWNON SUMPARALAMBANHI5: "OION TO TOIONDE LEGW0; 'A*RA 'ECEI0
'ALHQEIAN TINA 'OYI$ TE-KAI 'AKOH TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$, 'H= TA GE
TOIAUTA KAI "OI POIHTAI "HMIN 'AEI QRULOUSIN0, "OTI4 'OUT' 'AKOUOMEN
'AKRIBE$ 'OUDEN 'OUTE "ORWMEN0: KAITOI 'EI "AUTAI TWN PERI= TO
SWMA 'AISQHSEWN MH 'AKRIBEI$ 'EISIN MHDE SAFEI$, SCOLHI
"AI GE 'ALLAI; PASAI GAR-POU TOUTWN FAULOTERAI 'EISIN. 'H=
SOI4 'OU DOKOUSIN0:
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
PO=TE 'OUN, 'H*-D'-"O$, "H YUCH TH$ 'ALHQEIA$ "APTETAI: "OTAN
MEN-GAR META TOU* SWMATO$ 'EPICEIRHI5 TI SKOPEIN, DHLON "OTI4
TO=TE 'EXAPATATAI0 "UP' 'AUTOU4.
<P 65C>
'ALHQH LEGEI$.
'A*R-'OUN 'OUK 'EN TW*I LOGIZESQAI 'EIPER POU 'ALLOQI KATADHLON
'AUTHI GIGNETAI TI TWN 'ONTWN0:
NAI.
LOGIZETAI DE-GE-POU TO=TE KALLISTA, "OTAN 'AUTHN TOUTWN
MHDEN PARALUPHI5, MHTE 'AKOH MHTE 'OYI$ MHTE 'ALGHDWN MHDE
TI$ "HDONH, 'ALL' "OTI2 MALISTA 'AUTH KAQ' "AUTHN GIGNHTAI 'EWSA
CAIREIN TO SWMA, KAI KAQ' "OSON DUNATAI MH KOINWNOUSA
'AUTWI MHD' "APTOMENH 'OREGHTAI TOU* 'ONTO$.
'ESTI TAUTA.
'OUKOU*N-KAI 'ENTAUQA "H TOU* FILOSOFOU YUCH MALISTA
<P 65D>
'ATIMAZEI0 TO SWMA KAI FEUGEI0 'AP' 'AUTOU4, ZHTEI0 DE 'AUTH KAQ'
"AUTHN GIGNESQAI:
FAINETAI.
TI= DE-DH TA TOIADE, 'W* SIMMIA: FAMEN TI 'EINAI DIKAION
'AUTO 'H= 'OUDEN:
FAMEN MENTOI NH DI=A.
KAI 'AU KALON GE TI KAI 'AGAQON:
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
'HDH 'OUN PWPOTE TI TWN TOIOUTWN TOI$ 'OFQALMOI$ 'EIDE$:
'OUDAMW$, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'ALL' 'ALLHI TINI 'AISQHSEI TWN DIA= TOU* SWMATO$ 'EFHYW
'AUTWN: LEGW0 DE PERI= PANTWN, "OION MEGEQOU$ PE=RI, "UGIEIA$,
'ISCUO$, KAI TWN 'ALLWN "ENI LOGWI "APANTWN TH$ 'OUSIA$ "O=
<P 65E>
TUGCANEI0 "EKASTON 'ON; 'A*RA DIA= TOU* SWMATO$ 'AUTWN TO
'ALHQESTATON QEWREITAI, 'H= "WDE 'ECEI0; "O$ 'AN4 MALISTA "HMWN
KAI 'AKRIBESTATA PARASKEUASHTAI 'AUTO "EKASTON DIANOHQHNAI
PERI= "OU SKOPEI0, "OUTO$ 'AN4 'EGGUTATA 'IOI TOU* GNWNAI0 "EKASTON:
PANU MEN-'OUN.
'A*R'-'OUN 'EKEINO$ 'AN4 TOUTO POIHSEIEN KAQARWTATA "OSTI$
"OTI2 MALISTA 'AUTHI THI DIANOIA\ 'IOI 'EF' "EKASTON, MHTE TIN'
'OYIN PARATIQEMENO$ 'EN TW*I DIANOEISQAI MHTE TINA8 'ALLHN


<P 66A>
'AISQHSIN 'EFELKWN MHDEMIAN META TOU* LOGISMOU, 'ALL' 'AUTHI
KAQ' "AUTHN 'EILIKRINEI THI DIANOIA\ CRWMENO$ 'AUTO KAQ' "AUTO 'EILIKRINE$
"EKASTON 'EPICEIROI QHREUEIN TWN 'ONTWN0, 'APALLAGEI$
"OTI2 MALISTA 'OFQALMWN TE-KAI 'WTWN KAI "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN SUMPANTO$
TOU* SWMATO$, "W$ TARATTONTO$ KAI 'OUK 'EWNTO$ THN
YUCHN KTHSASQAI 'ALHQEIAN TE-KAI FRONHSIN "OTAN KOINWNHI5:
'A*R' 'OUC "OUTO$ 'ESTIN, 'W* SIMMIA, 'EIPER TI$ KAI8 'ALLO$ "O
TEUXOMENO$ TOU* 'ONTO$:
"UPERFUW$, 'EFH "O SIMMIA$, "W$ 'ALHQH LEGEI$, 'W*
SWKRATE$.
<P 66B>
'OUKOU*N 'ANAGKH, 'EFH, 'EK PANTWN TOUTWN PARISTASQAI
DOXAN TOIANDE TINA TOI$ GNHSIW$ FILOSOFOI$, "WSTE KAI PRO$
'ALLHLOU$ TOIAUTA 'ATTA LEGEIN, "OTI4 KINDUNEUEI0 TOI "WSPER
'ATRAPO$ TI$ 'EKFEREIN "HMA$ META8 TOU*8 LOGOU8 'EN8 THI8 SKEYEI8,
"OTI4, "EW$ 'AN4 TO SWMA 'ECWMEN KAI SUMPEFURMENH-'H*I "HMWN "H
YUCH META TOIOUTOU KAKOU, 'OU MH POTE KTHSWMEQA "IKANW$
"OU 'EPIQUMOUMEN; FAMEN DE TOUTO 'EINAI TO 'ALHQE$. MURIA$
MEN-GAR "HMIN 'ASCOLIA$ PARECEI0 TO SWMA DIA= THN 'ANAGKAIAN
<P 66C>
TROFHN; 'ETI DE, 'AN2 TINE$ NOSOI PROSPESWSIN, 'EMPODIZOUSIN0
"HMWN THN TOU* 'ONTO$ QHRAN. 'ERWTWN DE-KAI 'EPIQUMIWN KAI
FOBWN KAI 'EIDWLWN PANTODAPWN KAI FLUARIA$ 'EMPIMPLHSIN
"HMA$ POLLH$, "WSTE TO LEGOMENON "W$ 'ALHQW$ TW*I-'ONTI "UP'
'AUTOU4 'OUDE FRONHSAI0 "HMIN 'EGGIGNETAI 'OUDEPOTE 'OUDEN. KAI-GAR
POLEMOU$ KAI STASEI$ KAI MACA$ 'OUDEN 'ALLO PARECEI0 'H=
TO SWMA KAI "AI TOUTOU 'EPIQUMIAI. DIA= GAR THN TWN CRHMATWN
KTHSIN PANTE$ "OI POLEMOI GIGNONTAI, TA DE CRHMATA
<P 66D>
'ANAGKAZOMEQA KTASQAI DIA= TO SWMA, DOULEUONTE$ THI TOUTOU
QERAPEIA\; KAI 'EK TOUTOU 'ASCOLIAN 'AGOMEN FILOSOFIA$ PE=RI
DIA= PANTA TAUTA. TO D' 'ESCATON PANTWN "OTI4, 'EA=N TI$
"HMIN KAI SCOLH GENHTAI 'AP' 'AUTOU4 KAI TRAPWMEQA PRO$ TO
SKOPEIN TI, 'EN TAI$ ZHTHSESIN 'AU PANTACOU PARAPIPTON
QORUBON PARECEI0 KAI TARACHN KAI 'EKPLHTTEI0, "WSTE MH
DUNASQAI "UP' 'AUTOU4 KAQORAN 'TALHQE$. 'ALLA= TW*I-'ONTI "HMIN
DEDEIKTAI "OTI4, 'EI MELLOMEN POTE KAQARW$ TI 'EISESQAI,
<P 66E>
'APALLAKTEON 'AUTOU4 KAI 'AUTHI THI YUCHI QEATEON 'AUTA TA
PRAGMATA. KAI TO=TE, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "HMIN 'ESTAI "OU 'EPIQUMOUMEN
TE-KAI FAMEN 'ERASTAI 'EINAI, FRONHSEW$, 'EPEIDAN TELEUTHSWMEN,
"W$ "O LOGO$ SHMAINEI0, ZWSIN4 DE 'OU=. 'EI GAR MH "OION-TE
META TOU* SWMATO$ MHDEN KAQARW$ GNWNAI0, DUOIN QATERON,
'H= 'OUDAMOU 'ESTIN2 KTHSASQAI TO 'EIDENAI 'H= TELEUTHSASIN; TO=TE


<P 67A>
GAR 'AUTH KAQ' "AUTHN "H YUCH 'ESTAI CWRI$ TOU* SWMATO$,
PROTERON D' 'OU=. KAI 'EN "WI 'AN4 ZWMEN2, "OUTW$, "W$ 'EOIKEN0,
'EGGUTATW 'ESOMEQA TOU* 'EIDENAI, 'EA=N "OTI2 MALISTA MHDEN
"OMILWMEN TW*I SWMATI MHDE KOINWNWMEN, "OTI-MH PASA 'ANAGKH
MHDE 'ANAPIMPLWMEQA TH$ TOUTOU FUSEW$, 'ALLA= KAQAREUWMEN
'AP' 'AUTOU4, "EW$ 'AN4 "O QEO$ 'AUTO$ 'APOLUSHI6 "HMA$; KAI "OUTW MEN
KAQAROI 'APALLATTOMENOI TH$ TOU* SWMATO$ 'AFROSUNH$, "W$ TO
'EIKO$ META TOIOUTWN TE 'ESOMEQA KAI GNWSOMEQA DI' "HMWN-'AUTWN
<P 67B>
PAN TO 'EILIKRINE$, TOUTO D' 'ESTIN 'ISW$ TO 'ALHQE$;
MH KAQARWI GAR KAQAROU 'EFAPTESQAI MH 'OU QEMITON 'HI.
TOIAUTA 'OIMAI, 'W* SIMMIA, 'ANAGKAION 'EINAI PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$
LEGEIN TE-KAI DOXAZEIN PANTA$ TOU$ 'ORQW$ FILOMAQEI$. 'H= 'OU
DOKEI0 SOI4 "OUTW$:
PANTO$ GE MALLON, 'W* SWKRATE$.
'OUKOU*N, 'EFH "O SWKRATH$, 'EI TAUTA 'ALHQH, 'W* "ETAIRE,
POLLH 'ELPI$ 'AFIKOMENWI "OI*4 'EGW POREUOMAI, 'EKEI "IKANW$,
'EIPER POU 'ALLOQI, KTHSASQAI TOUTO "OU "ENEKA "H POLLH
PRAGMATEIA "HMIN 'EN TW*I PARELQONTI BIWI GEGONEN0, "WSTE "H GE
<P 67C>
'APODHMIA "H NU*N MOI PROSTETAGMENH META 'AGAQH$ 'ELPIDO$
GIGNETAI KAI 'ALLWI 'ANDRI "O$ "HGEITAI "OI2 PARESKEUASQAI THN
DIANOIAN "WSPER KEKAQARMENHN.
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH "O SIMMIA$.
KAQARSI$ DE 'EINAI 'A*RA 'OU TOUTO SUMBAINEI0, "OPER PALAI
'EN TW*I LOGWI LEGETAI, TO CWRIZEIN "OTI2 MALISTA 'APO TOU*
SWMATO$ THN YUCHN KAI 'EQISAI0 'AUTHN KAQ' "AUTHN PANTACOQEN
'EK TOU* SWMATO$ SUNAGEIRESQAI TE-KAI "AQROIZESQAI,
KAI 'OIKEIN KATA TO DUNATON KAI 'EN TW*I NU*N PARONTI KAI 'EN TW*I
<P 67D>
'EPEITA MONHN KAQ' "AUTHN, 'EKLUOMENHN "WSPER 'EK8 DESMWN 'EK
TOU* SWMATO$:
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N TOUTO GE QANATO$ 'ONOMAZETAI, LUSI$ KAI CWRISMO$
YUCH$ 'APO SWMATO$:
PANTAPASI GE, 'H*-D'-"O$.
LUEIN DE-GE 'AUTHN, "W$ FAMEN, PROQUMOUNTAI 'AEI MALISTA
KAI MONOI "OI FILOSOFOUNTE$ 'ORQW$, KAI TO MELETHMA 'AUTO
TOUTO 'ESTIN TWN FILOSOFWN, LUSI$ KAI CWRISMO$ YUCH$
'APO SWMATO$; 'H= 'OU=:
FAINETAI.
'OUKOU*N, "OPER 'EN 'ARCHI 'ELEGON, GELOION 'AN4 'EIH 'ANDRA
<P 67E>
PARASKEUAZONQ' "EAUTON 'EN TW*I BIWI "OTI2 'EGGUTATW 'ONTA TOU*
TEQNANAI "OUTW ZHN, 'KAPEIQ' "HKONTO$ 'AUTWI TOUTOU 'AGANAKTEIN:
GELOION; PW*$ D' 'OU=:
TW*I-'ONTI 'A=RA, 'EFH, 'W* SIMMIA, "OI 'ORQW$ FILOSOFOUNTE$
'APOQNHISKEIN MELETWSI0, KAI TO TEQNANAI "HKISTA 'AUTOI$
'ANQRWPWN FOBERON. 'EK TWNDE DE SKOPEI5. 'EI GAR DIABEBLHNTAI
MEN PANTACHI TW*I SWMATI, 'AUTHN DE KAQ' "AUTHN
'EPIQUMOUSI0 THN YUCHN 'ECEIN, TOUTOU DE GIGNOMENOU 'EI
FOBOINTO KAI 'AGANAKTOIEN, 'OU POLLH 'AN4 'ALOGIA 'EIH, 'EI MH


<P 68A>
"ASMENOI 'EKEISE 'IOIEN, "OI*4 'AFIKOMENOI$ 'ELPI$ 'ESTIN "OU DIA= BIOU
'HRWN TUCEIN % 'HRWN DE FRONHSEW$ % "WI TE DIEBEBLHNTO, TOUTOU
'APHLLACQAI SUNONTO$ 'AUTOI$: 'H= 'ANQRWPINWN MEN PAIDIKWN
KAI GUNAIKWN KAI "UEWN 'APOQANONTWN3 POLLOI DH "EKONTE$
'HQELHSAN 'EI$ "AIDOU METELQEIN, "UPO TAUTH$ 'AGOMENOI TH$
'ELPIDO$, TH$ TOU* 'OYESQAI TE 'EKEI "WN 'EPEQUMOUN KAI SUNESESQAI;
FRONHSEW$ DE-'A=RA TI$ TW*I-'ONTI 'ERWN, KAI LABWN SFODRA
THN 'AUTHN TAUTHN 'ELPIDA, MHDAMOU 'ALLOQI 'ENTEUXESQAI 'AUTHI
<P 68B>
'AXIW$ LOGOU 'H= 'EN "AIDOU, 'AGANKTHSEI2 TE 'APOQNHISKWN KAI
'OUC "ASMENO$ 'EI*SIN 'AUTOSE: 'OIESQAI GE CRH, 'EA=N TW*I-'ONTI GE
'HI, 'W* "ETAIRE, FILOSOFO$; SFODRA GAR 'AUTWI TAUTA DOXEI2,
MHDAMOU 'ALLOQI KAQARW$ 'ENTEUXESQAI FRONHSEI 'ALL'-'H= 'EKEI.
'EI DE TOUTO "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, "OPER 'ARTI 'ELEGON, 'OU POLLH 'AN4
'ALOGIA 'EIH 'EI FOBOITO TON QANATON "O TOIOUTO$:
POLLH MENTOI NH DI=A, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'OUKOU*N "IKANON SOI4 TEKMHRION, 'EFH, TOUTO 'ANDRO$, "ON
'AN4 'IDHI$ 'AGANAKTOUNTA MELLONTA 'APOQANEISQAI, "OTI4 'OUK 'A=R'
<P 68C>
'H*N FILOSOFO$ 'ALLA= TI$ FILOSWMATO$: "O 'AUTO$ DE-POU
"OUTO$ TUGCANEI0 'WN KAI FILOCRHMATO$ KAI FILOTIMO$, 'HTOI TA
"E=TERA TOUTWN 'H= 'AMFO=TERA.
PANU, 'EFH, 'ECEI0 "OUTW$ "W$ LEGEI$.
'A*R'-'OUN, 'EFH, 'W* SIMMIA, 'OU KAI "H 'ONOMAZOMENH 'ANDREIA
TOI$ "OUTW DIAKEIMENOI$ MALISTA PROSHKEI0:
PANTW$ DHPOU, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N-KAI "H SWFROSUNH, "HN KAI "OI POLLOI 'ONOMAZOUSI0
SWFROSUNHN, TO PERI= TA$ 'EPIQUMIA$ MH 'EPTOHSQAI 'ALL'
'OLIGWRW$ 'ECEIN KAI KOSMIW$, 'A*R' 'OU TOUTOI$ MONOI$ PROSHKEI0,
TOI$ MALISTA TOU* SWMATO$ 'OLIGWROUSIN4 TE-KAI 'EN FILOSOFIA\
ZWSIN4:
<P 68D>
'ANAGKH, 'EFH.
'EI GAR 'EQELEI$, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'ENNOHSAI0 THN GE TWN 'ALLWN
'ANDREIAN TE-KAI SWFROSUNHN, DOXEI2 SOI4 'EINAI 'ATOPO$.
PW*$ DH, 'W* SWKRATE$:
'OISQA, 'H*-D'-"O$, "OTI4 TON QANATON "HGOUNTAI PANTE$ "OI 'ALLOI
TWN MEGALWN KAKWN:
KAI MAL', 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N FOBWI MEIZONWN KAKWN "UPOMENOUSIN0 'AUTWN "OI
'ANDREIOI TON QANATON, "OTAN "UPOMENWSIN:
'ESTI TAUTA.
TW*I DEDIENAI 'A=RA-KAI DEEI 'ANDREIOI 'EISI PANTE$ PLHN "OI
FILOSOFOI; KAITOI 'ALOGON GE DEEI TINA KAI DEILIA\ 'ANDREION
'EINAI.
<P 68E>
PANU MEN-'OUN.
TI= DE "OI KOSMIOI 'AUTWN: 'OU 'TAUTON TOUTO PEPONQASIN;
'AKOLASIA\ TINI SWFRONE$ 'EISIN: KAITOI FAMEN GE 'ADUNATON
'EINAI, 'ALL' "OMW$ 'AUTOI$ SUMBAINEI0 TOUTWI "OMOION TO PAQO$
TO PERI= TAUTHN THN 'EUHQH SWFROSUNHN; FOBOUMENOI GAR
"ETERWN "HDONWN STERHQHNAI KAI 'EPIQUMOUNTE$ 'EKEINWN, 'ALLWN
'APECONTAI "UP' 'ALLWN KRATOUMENOI. KAITOI KALOUSI0 GE 'AKOLASIAN


<P 69A>
TO "UPO TWN "HDONWN 'ARCESQAI, 'ALL' "OMW$ SUMBAINEI0
'AUTOI$ KRATOUMENOI$ "UF' "HDONWN KRATEIN 'ALLWN "HDONWN.
TOUTO D' "OMOION 'ESTIN "WI NUNDH 'ELEGETO, TW*I TROPON TINA DI'
'AKOLASIAN 'AUTOU$ SESWFRONISQAI.
'EOIKE0 GAR.
'W* MAKARIE SIMMIA, MH GAR 'OUC "AU=TH 'HI "H 'ORQH PRO$
'ARETHN 'ALLAGH, "HDONA$ PRO$ "HDONA$ KAI LUPA$ PRO$ LUPA$
KAI FOBON PRO$ FOBON KATALLATTESQAI, KAI8 MEIZW PRO$
'ELATTW "WSPER NOMISMATA, 'ALL' 'HI 'EKEINO MONON TO NOMISMA
'ORQON, 'ANTI "OU DEI PANTA TAUTA KATALLATTESQAI, FRONHSI$,
<P 69B>
KAI8 TOUTOU8 MEN8 PANTA8 KAI META TOUTOU 'WNOUMENA8 TE8-KAI8
PIPRASKOMENA8 TW*I-'ONTI 'HI KAI 'ANDREIA KAI SWFROSUNH KAI
DIKAIOSUNH KAI SULLHBDHN 'ALHQH$ 'ARETH, META FRONHSEW$,
KAI PROSGIGNOMENWN KAI 'APOGIGNOMENWN KAI "HDONWN KAI
FOBWN KAI TWN 'ALLWN PANTWN TWN TOIOUTWN; CWRIZOMENA
DE FRONHSEW$ KAI8 'ALLATTOMENA 'ANTI 'ALLHLWN MH SKIAGRAFIA
TI$ 'HI "H TOIAUTH 'ARETH KAI TW*I-'ONTI 'ANDRAPODWDH$ TE-KAI
'OUDEN "UGIE$ 'OUD' 'ALHQE$ 'ECHI5, TO D' 'ALHQE$ TW*I-'ONTI 'HI
<P 69C>
KAQARSI$ TI$ TWN TOIOUTWN PANTWN KAI "H SWFROSUNH KAI
"H DIKAIOSUNH KAI 'ANDREIA, KAI 'AUTH "H FRONHSI$ MH KAQARMO$
TI$ 'HI. KAI KINDUNEUOUSI0 KAI "OI TA$ TELETA$ "HMIN
"OUTOI KATASTHSANTE$ 'OU FAULOI TINE$ 'EINAI, 'ALLA= TW*I-'ONTI
PALAI 'AINITTESQAI "OTI4 "O$ 'AN4 'AMUHTO$ KAI 'ATELESTO$ 'EI$
"AIDOU 'AFIKHTAI 'EN BORBORWI KEISETAI, "O DE KEKAQARMENO$
TE-KAI TETELESMENO$ 'EKEISE 'AFIKOMENO$ META QEWN 'OIKHSEI2.
'EISIN GAR-DH, "W$8 FASIN0 "OI PERI= TA$ TELETA$, NARQHKOFOROI
<P 69D>
MEN POLLOI, BAKCOI DE-TE PAUROI; "OUTOI D' 'EISIN KATA THN
'EMHN DOXAN 'OUK 'ALLOI 'H= "OI PEFILOSOFHKOTE$ 'ORQW$. "WN DH-KAI
'EGW KATA GE TO DUNATON 'OUDEN 'APELIPON 'EN TWI BIWI
'ALLA= PANTI TROPWI PROUQUMHQHN GENESQAI; 'EI D' 'ORQW$
PROUQUMHQHN KAI TI 'HNUSAMEN, 'EKEISE 'ELQONTE$ TO SAFE$
'EISOMEQA, 'AN2 QEO$ 'EQELHI5 'OLIGON "USTERON, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0.
TAUT' 'OUN 'EGW, 'EFH, 'W* SIMMIA TE-KAI KEBH$, 'APOLOGOUMAI,
"W$ 'EIKOTW$ "UMA$ TE 'APOLEIPWN KAI TOU$ 'ENQADE DESPOTA$ 'OU
<P 69E>
CALEPW$ FERW0 'OUD' 'AGANAKTW0, "HGOUMENO$ 'KAKEI 'OUDEN "HTTON
'H= 'ENQADE DESPOTAI$ TE 'AGAQOI$ 'ENTEUXESQAI KAI "ETAIROI$;
TOI$8 DE8 POLLOI$8 'APISTIAN8 PARECEI80; 'EI TI 'OUN "UMIN PIQANWTERO$
'EIMI 'EN THI 'APOLOGIA\ 'H= TOI$ 'AQHNAIWN DIKASTAI$, 'EU
'AN4 'ECOI.
'EIPONTO$ DH TOU* SWKRATOU$ TAUTA, "UPOLABWN "O KEBH$
'EFH; 'W* SWKRATE$, TA MEN 'A=LLA 'EMOIGE DOKEI0 KALW$ LEGESQAI,


<P 70A>
TA DE PERI= TH$ YUCH$ POLLHN 'APISTIAN PARECEI0 TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$
MH, 'EPEIDAN 'APALLAGHI TOU* SWMATO$, 'OUDAMOU 'ETI 'HI, 'ALL' 'EKEINHI
THI "HMERA\ DIAFQEIRHTAI TE-KAI 'APOLLUHTAI "HI 'AN4 "O 'ANQRWPO$ 'APOQNHISKHI5,
'EUQU$ 'APALLATTOMENH TOU* SWMATO$, KAI 'EKBAINOUSA
"WSPER PNEUMA 'H= KAPNO$ DIASKEDASQEISA 'OICHTAI DIAPTOMENH
KAI 'OUDEN 'ETI 'OUDAMOU 'HI. 'EPEI, 'EIPER 'EIH POU 'AUTH KAQ'
"AUTHN SUNHQROISMENH KAI 'APHLLAGMENH TOUTWN TWN KAKWN
"WN SU NUNDH DIHLQE$, POLLH 'AN4 'EIH 'ELPI$ KAI KALH, 'W*
<P 70B>
SWKRATE$, "W$ 'ALHQH 'ESTIN "A SU LEGEI$; 'ALLA= TOUTO DH
'ISW$ 'OUK 'OLIGH$ PARAMUQIA$ DEITAI KAI PISTEW$, "W$ 'ESTI TE
YUCH 'APOQANONTO$ TOU* 'ANQRWPOU KAI TINA DUNAMIN 'ECEI0 KAI
FRONHSIN.
'ALHQH, 'EFH, LEGEI$, "O SWKRATH$, 'W* KEBH$; 'ALLA= TI= DH
POIWMEN: 'H= PERI= 'AUTWN TOUTWN BOULEI DIAMUQOLOGWMEN, 'EITE
'EIKO$ "OUTW$ 'ECEIN 'EITE MH:
'EGW GOUN, 'EFH "O KEBH$, "HDEW$ 'AN4 'AKOUSAIMI "HNTINA
DOXAN 'ECEI$ PERI= 'AUTWN.
'OU=KOUN-G' 'AN4 'OIMAI, 'H*-D'-"O$ "O SWKRATH$, 'EIPEIN TINA NU*N
<P 70C>
'AKOUSANTA, 'OUD' 'EI KWMWIDOPOIO$ 'EIH, "W$ 'ADOLESCW0 KAI 'OU
PERI= PROSHKONTWN0 TOU$ LOGOU$ POIOUMAI. 'EI 'OUN DOKEI0, CRH
DIASKOPEISQAI.
SKEYWMEQA DE 'AUTO THIDE PHI, 'EI=T'-'A=RA 'EN "AIDOU 'EISIN "AI
YUCAI TELEUTHSANTWN0 TWN 'ANQRWPWN 'EITE-KAI 'OU=. PALAIO$
MEN-'OUN 'ESTI TI$ LOGO$ "OU MEMNHMEQA, "W$ 'EISIN 'ENQENDE
'AFIKOMENAI 'EKEI, KAI PALIN GE DEURO 'AFIKNOUNTAI KAI GIGNONTAI
'EK TWN TEQNEWTWN; KAI 'EI TOUQ' "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, PALIN
GIGNESQAI 'EK TWN 'APOQANONTWN3 TOU$ ZWNTA$, 'ALLO TI 'H= 'EIEN
<P 70D>
'AN4 "AI YUCAI "HMWN 'EKEI: 'OU-GAR 'AN4 POU PALIN 'EGIGNONTO MH
'OUSAI, KAI TOUTO "IKANON TEKMHRION TOU* TAUT' 'EINAI, 'EI TW*I-'ONTI
FANERON GIGNOITO "OTI4 'OUDAMOQEN 'ALLOQEN GIGNONTAI "OI
ZWNTE$ 'H= 'EK TWN TEQNEWTWN; 'EI DE MH 'ESTI TOUTO, 'ALLOU 'AN4
TOU DEOI LOGOU.
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH "O KEBH$.
MH-TOINUN KAT' 'ANQRWPWN, 'H*-D'-"O$, SKOPEI5 MONON TOUTO,
'EI BOULEI "RA\ON MAQEIN, 'ALLA=-KAI KATA ZWIWN PANTWN KAI
FUTWN, KAI SULLHBDHN "OSAPER 'ECEI0 GENESIN PERI= PANTWN
<P 70E>
'IDWMEN 'A*R' "OUTWSI GIGNETAI PANTA, 'OUK 'ALLOQEN 'H= 'EK TWN
'ENANTIWN TA 'ENANTIA, "OSOI$ TUGCANEI0 'ON TOIOUTON TI, "OION TO
KALON TW*I 'AISCRWI 'ENANTION POU-KAI DIKAION 'ADIKWI, KAI 'A=LLA
DH MURIA "OUTW$ 'ECEI0. TOUTO 'OUN SKEYWMEQA, 'A*RA 'ANAGKAION
"OSOI$ 'ESTI TI 'ENANTION, MHDAMOQEN 'ALLOQEN 'AUTO GIGNESQAI
'H= 'EK TOU* 'AUTWI 'ENANTIOU. "OION "OTAN MEIZON TI GIGNHTAI,
'ANAGKH POU 'EX 'ELATTONO$ 'ONTO$ PROTERON 'EPEITA MEIZON
GIGNESQAI:
NAI.
'OUKOU*N 'KAN2 'ELATTON GIGNHTAI, 'EK MEIZONO$ 'ONTO$ PROTERON


<P 71A>
"USTERON 'ELATTON GENHSETAI:
'ESTIN "OUTW, 'EFH.
KAI-MHN 'EX 'ISCUROTEROU GE TO 'ASQENESTERON KAI 'EK BRADUTEROU
TO QATTON:
PANU GE.
TI= DE: 'AN2 TI CEIRON GIGNHTAI, 'OUK 'EX 'AMEINONO$, KAI 'AN2
DIKAIOTERON, 'EX 'ADIKWTEROU:
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
"IKANW$ 'OUN, 'EFH, 'ECOMEN TOUTO, "OTI4 PANTA "OUTW GIGNETAI,
'EX 'ENANTIWN TA 'ENANTIA PRAGMATA:
PANU GE.
TI= D' 'AU: 'ESTI TI KAI TOIONDE 'EN 'AUTOI$, "OION METAXU
'AMFOTERWN PANTWN TWN 'ENANTIWN DUOIN 'ONTOIN DUO GENESEI$,
<P 71B>
'APO MEN TOU* "ETEROU 'EPI TO "ETERON, 'APO D' 'AU TOU* "ETEROU
PALIN 'EPI TO "ETERON; MEIZONO$ MEN PRAGMATO$ KAI 'ELATTONO$
METAXU 'AUXHSI$ KAI FQISI$, KAI KALOUMEN0 "OUTW TO MEN 'AUXANESQAI,
TO DE FQINEIN:
NAI, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N-KAI DIAKRINESQAI KAI SUGKRINESQAI, KAI YUCESQAI
KAI QERMAINESQAI, KAI PANTA "OUTW, 'KAN4 'EI MH CRWMEQA0 TOI$
'ONOMASIN 'ENIACOU, 'ALL' 'ERGWI GOUN PANTACOU "OUTW$ 'ECEIN
'ANAGKAION, GIGNESQAI TE 'AUTA 'EX 'ALLHLWN GENESIN TE 'EINAI
"EKATEROU 'EI$ 'ALLHLA:
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'H*-D'-"O$.
<P 71C>
TI= 'OUN: 'EFH, TW*I ZHN 'ESTI TI 'ENANTION, "WSPER TW*I
'EGRHGORENAI TO KAQEUDEIN:
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
TI=:
TO TEQNANAI, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N 'EX 'ALLHLWN TE GIGNETAI TAUTA, 'EIPER 'ENANTIA
'ESTIN, KAI "AI GENESEI$ 'EISIN 'AUTOIN METAXU DUO DUOIN 'ONTOIN:
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
THN MEN-TOINUN "ETERAN SUZUGIAN "WN NUNDH 'ELEGON 'EGW
SOI4, 'EFH, 'ERW2, "O SWKRATH$, KAI 'AUTHN KAI TA$ GENESEI$; SU
DE MOI THN "ETERAN. LEGW0 DE TO MEN KAQEUDEIN, TO DE 'EGRHGORENAI,
KAI 'EK TOU* KAQEUDEIN TO 'EGRHGORENAI GIGNESQAI KAI
<P 71D>
'EK TOU* 'EGRHGORENAI TO KAQEUDEIN, KAI TA$ GENESEI$ 'AUTOIN
THN MEN KATADARQANEIN 'EINAI, THN D' 'ANEGEIRESQAI. "IKANW$
SOI4, 'EFH, 'H= 'OU=:
PANU MEN-'OUN.
LEGE DH MOI KAI SU, 'EFH, "OUTW PERI= ZWH$ KAI QANATOU.
'OUK 'ENANTION MEN FH=I$ TW*I ZHN TO TEQNANAI 'EINAI:
'EGWGE.
GIGNESQAI DE 'EX 'ALLHLWN:
NAI.
'EX 'OUN TOU* ZWNTO$ TI= TO GIGNOMENON:
TO TEQNHKO$, 'EFH.
TI= DE, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'EK TOU* TEQNEWTO$:
'ANAGKAION, 'EFH, "OMOLOGEIN "OTI4 TO ZWN.
'EK TWN TEQNEWTWN 'A=RA, 'W* KEBH$, TA ZWNTA TE-KAI "OI
ZWNTE$ GIGNONTAI:
<P 71E>
FAINETAI, 'EFH.
'EISIN 'A=RA, 'EFH, "AI YUCAI "HMWN 'EN "AIDOU.
'EOIKEN0.
'OUKOU*N-KAI TOIN GENESEOIN TOIN PERI= TAUTA "H G' "ETE=RA
SAFH$ 'OUSA TUGCANEI0: TO GAR 'APOQNHISKEIN SAFE$ DHPOU,
'H= 'OU=:
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
PW*$ 'OUN, 'H*-D'-"O$, POIHSOMEN: 'OUK 'ANTAPODWSOMEN THN
'ENANTIAN GENESIN, 'ALLA= TAUTHI CWLH 'ESTAI "H FUSI$: 'H= 'ANAGKH
'APODOUNAI0 TW*I 'APOQNHISKEIN 'ENANTIAN TINA GENESIN:
PANTW$ POU, 'EFH.
TI=NA TAUTHN:
TO 'ANABIWSKESQAI.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'EIPER 'ESTI TO 'ANABIWSKESQAI, 'EK TWN


<P 72A>
TEQNEWTWN 'AN4 'EIH GENESI$ 'EI$ TOU$ ZWNTA$ "AU=TH, TO
'ANABIWSKESQAI:
PANU GE.
"OMOLOGEITAI 'A=RA "HMIN KAI TAUTHI TOU$ ZWNTA$ 'EK TWN
TEQNEWTWN GEGONENAI 'OUDEN "HTTON 'H= TOU$ TEQNEWTA$ 'EK TWN
ZWNTWN0, TOUTOU DE 'ONTO$ "IKANON POU 'EDOKEI TEKMHRION 'EINAI
"OTI4 'ANAGKAION TA$ TWN TEQNEWTWN YUCA$ 'EINAI POU, "OQEN DH
PALIN GIGNESQAI.
DOKEI0 MOI, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EK TWN "WMOLOGHMENWN
'ANAGKAION "OUTW$ 'ECEIN.
'IDE TOINUN "OUTW$, 'EFH, 'W* KEBH$, "OTI4 'OUD' 'ADIKW$ "WMOLOGHKAMEN,
"W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0. 'EI GAR MH 'AEI 'ANTAPODIDOIH TA
<P 72B>
"E=TERA TOI$ "ETEROI$ GIGNOMENA, "WSPEREI KUKLWI PERIIONTA, 'ALL'
'EUQEIA TI$ 'EIH "H GENESI$ 'EK TOU* "ETEROU MONON 'EI$ TO KATANTIKRU
KAI MH 'ANAKAMPTOI PALIN 'EPI TO "ETERON MHDE KAMPHN
POIOITO, 'OISQ' "OTI4 PANTA TELEUTWNTA TO 'AUTO SCHMA 'AN4 SCOIH
KAI TO 'AUTO PAQO$ 'AN4 PAQOI KAI PAUSAITO GIGNOMENA:
PW*$ LEGEI$: 'EFH.
'OUDEN CALEPON, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'ENNOHSAI0 "O= LEGW0; 'ALL' "OION 'EI
TO KATADARQANEIN MEN 'EIH, TO D' 'ANEGEIRESQAI MH 'ANTAPODIDOIH
GIGNOMENON 'EK TOU* KAQEUDONTO$, 'OISQ' "OTI4 TELEUTWNTA PANT'
<P 72C>
'AN74 LHRON TON 'ENDUMIWNA 'APODEIXEIEN KAI 'OUDAMOU 'AN4
FAINOITO DIA= TO KAI 'TALLA PANTA 'TAUTON 'EKEINWI PEPONQENAI,
KAQEUDEIN. 'KAN4 'EI SUGKRINOITO MEN PANTA, DIAKRINOITO DE
MH, TACU 'AN4 TO TOU* 'ANAXAGOROU GEGONO$ 'EIH, "OMOU9 PANTA9
CRHMATA9. "WSAUTW$ DE, 'W* FILE KEBH$, KAI 'EI 'APOQNHISKOI
MEN PANTA "OSA TOU* ZHN METALABOI, 'EPEIDH DE 'APOQANOI,
MENOI0 'EN TOUTWI TW*I SCHMATI TA TEQNEWTA KAI MH PALIN
'ANABIWSKOITO, 'A*R' 'OU POLLH 'ANAGKH TELEUTWNTA PANTA
<P 72D>
TEQNANAI KAI MHDEN ZHN: 'EI GAR 'EK MEN TWN 'ALLWN TA
ZWNTA GIGNOITO, TA DE ZWNTA QNHISKOI, TI=$ MHCANH MH 'OUCI
PANTA KATANALWQHNAI 'EI$ TO TEQNANAI:
'OUDE MIA MOI DOKEI0, 'EFH "O KEBH$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALLA= MOI
DOKEI$ PANTAPASIN 'ALHQH LEGEIN.
'ESTIN GAR, 'EFH, 'W* KEBH$, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0, PANTO$ MALLON
"OUTW, KAI "HMEI$ 'AUTA TAUTA 'OUK 'EXAPATWMENOI "OMOLOGOUMEN,
'ALL' 'ESTI TW*I-'ONTI KAI TO 'ANABIWSKESQAI KAI 'EK TWN TEQNEWTWN0
TOU$ ZWNTA$ GIGNESQAI KAI TA$ TWN TEQNEWTWN0 YUCA$
<P 72E>
'EINAI KAI8 TAI$8 MEN8-GE8 'AGAQAI$8 'AMEINON8 'EINAI8, TAI$8 DE8 KAKAI$8
KAKION8.
KAI-MHN, 'EFH "O KEBH$ "UPOLABWN, KAI KAT' 'EKEINON GE
TON LOGON, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EI 'ALHQH$ 'ESTIN, "ON SU 'EIWQA$
QAMA LEGEIN, "OTI4 "HMIN "H MAQHSI$ 'OUK 'ALLO TI 'H= 'ANAMNHSI$
TUGCANEI0 'OUSA, KAI KATA TOUTON 'ANAGKH POU "HMA$ 'EN PROTERWI
TINI CRONWI MEMAQHKENAI "A NU*N 'ANAMIMNHISKOMEQA. TOUTO DE


<P 73A>
'ADUNATON, 'EI MH 'H*N POU "HMIN "H YUCH PRIN 'EN TWIDE TW*I 'ANQRWPINWI
'EIDEI GENESQAI; "WSTE KAI TAUTHI 'AQANATON "H YUCH
TI 'EOIKEN0 'EINAI.
'ALLA=, 'W* KEBH$, 'EFH "O SIMMIA$ "UPOLABWN, POI*AI TOUTWN
"AI 'APODEIXEI$: "UPOMNHSON2 ME; 'OU-GAR SFODRA 'EN TW*I PARONTI
MEMNHMAI.
"ENI MEN LOGWI, 'EFH "O KEBH$, KALLISTWI, "OTI4 'ERWTWMENOI
"OI 'ANQRWPOI, 'EA=N TI$ KALW$ 'ERWTA*I2, 'AUTOI LEGOUSIN0 PANTA "HI
'ECEI % KAITOI 'EI MH 'ETUGCANEN 'AUTOI$ 'EPISTHMH 'ENOUSA KAI
'ORQO$ LOGO$, 'OUK 'AN4 "OIOI-T'-'HSAN TOUTO POIHSAI0 % 'EPEITA
<P 73B>
'EA=N TI$ 'EPI TA DIAGRAMMATA 'AGHI5 'H= 'ALLO TI TWN TOIOUTWN,
'ENTAUQA SAFESTATA KATHGOREI0 "OTI4 TOUTO "OUTW$ 'ECEI0.
'EI DE MH TAUTHI GE, 'EFH, PEIQHI0, 'W* SIMMIA, "O SWKRATH$,
SKEYAI 'AN2 THIDE PHI SOI4 SKOPOUMENWI SUNDOXHI6. 'APISTEI$ GAR-DH
PW*$ "H KALOUMENH0 MAQHSI$ 'ANAMNHSI$ 'ESTIN:
'APISTW0 MEN SOI84 'EGWGE, 'H*-D'-"O$ "O SIMMIA$, 'OU=, 'AUTO DE
TOUTO, 'EFH, DEOMAI PAQEIN PERI= "OU "O LOGO$, 'ANAMNHSQHNAI.
KAI SCEDON GE 'EX "WN KEBH$ 'EPECEIRHSE LEGEIN 'HDH MEMNHMAI
KAI PEIQOMAI; 'OUDEN 'MENTAN "HTTON 'AKOUOIMI NU*N PH*I SU 'EPECEIRHSA$
LEGEIN.
<P 73C>
THID' 'EGWGE, 'H*-D'-"O$. "OMOLOGOUMEN GAR-DHPOU, 'EI TI$ TI
'ANAMNHSQHSETAI, DEIN 'AUTON TOUTO PROTERON POTE 'EPISTASQAI.
PANU G', 'EFH.
'A*R'-'OUN-KAI TODE "OMOLOGOUMEN, "OTAN 'EPISTHMH PARAGIGNHTAI
TROPWI TOIOUTWI, 'ANAMNHSIN 'EINAI: LEGW0 DE TI=NA
TROPON: TONDE. 'EA=N TI$ TI "ETERON 'H= 'IDWN 'H= 'AKOUSA$ 'H= TINA
'ALLHN 'AISQHSIN LABWN MH MONON 'EKEINO GNWI, 'ALLA=-KAI
"ETERON 'ENNOHSHI6 "OU MH "H 'AUTH 'EPISTHMH 'ALL' 'ALLH, 'A*RA
'OUCI TOUTO DIKAIW$ LEGOMEN "OTI4 'ANEMNHSQH, "OU THN 'ENNOIAN
<P 73D>
'ELABEN:
PW*$ LEGEI$:
"OION TA TOIADE; 'ALLH POU 'EPISTHMH 'ANQRWPOU KAI LURA$.
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
'OUKOU*N 'OISQA "OTI4 "OI 'ERASTAI, "OTAN 'IDWSIN LURAN 'H= "IMATION
'H= 'ALLO TI "OI$ TA PAIDIKA 'AUTWN 'EIWQE0 CRHSQAI, PASCOUSI0
TOUTO; 'EGNWSAN TE THN LURAN KAI 'EN THI DIANOIA\ 'ELABON TO
'EIDO$ TOU* PAIDO$ "OU 'H*N "H LURA: TOUTO DE 'ESTIN 'ANAMNHSI$;
"WSPER GE-KAI SIMMIAN TI$ 'IDWN POLLAKI$ KEBHTO$ 'ANEMNHSQH,
KAI 'A=LLA POU MURIA TOIAUT' 'AN4 'EIH.
MURIA MENTOI NH DI=A, 'EFH "O SIMMIA$.
<P 73E>
'OUKOU*N, 'H*-D'-"O$, TO TOIOUTON 'ANAMNHSI$ TI$ 'ESTI: MALISTA
MENTOI "OTAN TI$ TOUTO PAQHI6 PERI= 'EKEINA "A "UPO CRONOU KAI TOU*
MH 'EPISKOPEIN 'HDH 'EPELELHSTO:
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
TI= DE: 'H*-D'-"O$; 'ESTIN2 "IPPON GEGRAMMENON 'IDONTA KAI
LURAN GEGRAMMENHN 'ANQRWPOU 'ANAMNHSQHNAI, KAI SIMMIAN
'IDONTA GEGRAMMENON KEBHTO$ 'ANAMNHSQHNAI:
PANU GE.
'OUKOU*N-KAI SIMMIAN 'IDONTA GEGRAMMENON 'AUTOU4 SIMMIOU
'ANAMNHSQHNAI:


<P 74A>
'ESTI2 MENTOI, 'EFH.
'A*R'-'OUN 'OU KATA PANTA TAUTA SUMBAINEI0 THN 'ANAMNHSIN
'EINAI MEN 'AF' "OMOIWN, 'EINAI DE-KAI 'APO 'ANOMOIWN:
SUMBAINEI0.
'ALL' "OTAN GE 'APO TWN "OMOIWN 'ANAMIMNHISKHTAI TI$ TI, 'A*R'
'OUK 'ANAGKAION TODE PROSPASCEIN, 'ENNOEIN 'EITE TI 'ELLEIPEI0
TOUTO KATA THN "OMOIOTHTA 'EITE MH 'EKEINOU "OU 'ANEMNHSQH:
'ANAGKH, 'EFH.
SKOPEI5 DH, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'EI TAUTA "OUTW$ 'ECEI0. FAMEN POU TI
'EINAI 'ISON, 'OU XULON LEGW0 XULWI 'OUDE LIQON LIQWI 'OUD' 'ALLO
TWN TOIOUTWN 'OUDEN, 'ALLA= PARA TAUTA PANTA "ETERON TI, 'AUTO
TO 'ISON; FWMEN TI 'EINAI 'H= MHDEN:
<P 74B>
FWMEN MENTOI NH DI=', 'EFH "O SIMMIA$, QAUMASTW$ GE.
'H*-KAI 'EPISTAMEQA 'AUTO "O= 'ESTIN:
PANU GE, 'H*-D'-"O$.
PO=QEN LABONTE$ 'AUTOU4 THN 'EPISTHMHN: 'A*R' 'OUK 'EX "WN
NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN, 'H= XULA 'H= LIQOU$ 'H= 'A=LLA 'ATTA 'IDONTE$
'ISA, 'EK TOUTWN 'EKEINO 'ENENOHSAMEN, "ETERON 'ON TOUTWN: 'H=
'OUC "ETERON SOI4 FAINETAI: SKOPEI5 DE-KAI THIDE. 'A*R' 'OU LIQOI
MEN 'ISOI KAI XULA 'ENIOTE 'TAUTA 'ONTA TW*I MEN 'ISA FAINETAI,
TW*I D' 'OU=:
PANU MEN-'OUN.
<P 74C>
TI= DE: 'AUTA TA 'ISA 'ESTIN "OTE 'ANISA SOI4 'EFANH, 'H= "H 'ISOTH$
'ANISOTH$:
'OUDEPWPOTE GE, 'W* SWKRATE$.
'OU 'TAUTON 'A=RA 'ESTIN, 'H*-D'-"O$, TAUTA TE TA 'ISA KAI 'AUTO
TO 'ISON.
'OUDAMW$ MOI FAINETAI, 'W* SWKRATE$.
'ALLA=-MHN 'EK TOUTWN G', 'EFH, TWN 'ISWN, "ETERWN 'ONTWN0
'EKEINOU TOU* 'ISOU, "OMW$ 'AUTOU4 THN 'EPISTHMHN 'ENNENOHKA$ TE-KAI
'EILHFA$:
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
'OUKOU*N 'H= "OMOIOU 'ONTO$ TOUTOI$ 'H= 'ANOMOIOU:
PANU GE.
DIAFEREI0 DE-GE, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'OUDEN; "EW$ 'AN4 'ALLO 'IDWN 'APO
<P 74D>
TAUTH$ TH$ 'OYEW$ 'ALLO 'ENNOHSHI$, 'EITE "OMOION 'EITE 'ANOMOION,
'ANAGKAION, 'EFH, 'AUTO 'ANAMNHSIN GEGONENAI.
PANU MEN-'OUN.
TI= DE: 'H*-D'-"O$; 'H* PASCOMEN TI TOIOUTON PERI= TA 'EN TOI$
XULOI$ TE-KAI "OI$ NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN TOI$ 'ISOI$: 'A*RA FAINETAI
"HMIN "OUTW$ 'ISA 'EINAI "WSPER 'AUTO TO "O= 'ESTIN, 'H= 'ENDEI0 TI
'EKEINOU TW*I TOIOUTON 'EINAI "OION TO 'ISON, 'H= 'OUDEN:
KAI POLU GE, 'EFH, 'ENDEI0.
'OUKOU*N "OMOLOGOUMEN, "OTAN TI$ TI 'IDWN 'ENNOHSHI6 "OTI4 BOULETAI
MEN TOUTO "O= NU*N 'EGW "ORW0 'EINAI "OION 'ALLO TI TWN 'ONTWN0,
<P 74E>
'ENDEI0 DE-KAI 'OU DUNATAI TOIOUTON 'EINAI 'ISON8 "OION 'EKEINO, 'ALL'
'ESTIN FAULOTERON, 'ANAGKAION POU TON TOUTO 'ENNOOUNTA TUCEIN
PROEIDOTA 'EKEINO "WI FHSIN 'AUTO PROSEOIKENAI MEN, 'ENDEESTERW$
DE 'ECEIN:
'ANAGKH.
TI= 'OUN: TO TOIOUTON PEPONQAMEN KAI "HMEI$ 'H= 'OU= PERI= TE
TA 'ISA KAI 'AUTO TO 'ISON:
PANTAPASI GE.
'ANAGKAION 'A=RA "HMA$ PROEIDENAI TO 'ISON PRO 'EKEINOU TOU*


<P 75A>
CRONOU "OTE TO PRWTON 'IDONTE$ TA 'ISA 'ENENOHSAMEN "OTI4
'OREGETAI MEN PANTA TAUTA 'EINAI "OION TO 'ISON, 'ECEI0 DE
'ENDEESTERW$.
'ESTI TAUTA.
'ALLA=-MHN-KAI TODE "OMOLOGOUMEN, MH 'ALLOQEN 'AUTO 'ENNENOHKENAI
MHDE DUNATON 'EINAI 'ENNOHSAI0 'ALL'-'H= 'EK TOU* 'IDEIN
'H= "AYASQAI 'H= 'EK TINO$ 'ALLH$ TWN 'AISQHSEWN; 'TAUTON DE
PANTA TAUTA LEGW0.
'TAUTON GAR 'ESTIN, 'W* SWKRATE$, PRO$ GE "O= BOULETAI
DHLWSAI0 "O LOGO$.
'ALLA=-MEN-DH 'EK GE TWN 'AISQHSEWN DEI 'ENNOHSAI0 "OTI4
<P 75B>
PANTA TA 'EN TAI$ 'AISQHSESIN 'EKEINOU TE 'OREGETAI TOU* "O=
'ESTIN 'ISON, KAI 'AUTOU4 'ENDEE=STERA 'ESTIN; 'H= PW$ LEGOMEN:
"OUTW$.
PRO TOU* 'A=RA 'ARXASQAI "HMA$ "ORAN KAI 'AKOUEIN KAI 'TALLA
'AISQANESQAI TUCEIN 'EDEI POU 'EILHFOTA$ 'EPISTHMHN 'AUTOU4
TOU* 'ISOU "OTI2 'ESTIN, 'EI 'EMELLOMEN TA 'EK TWN 'AISQHSEWN 'ISA
'EKEISE 'ANOISEIN, "OTI4 PROQUMEITAI MEN PANTA TOIAUT' 'EINAI "OION
'EKEINO, 'ESTIN DE 'AUTOU4 FAULO=TERA.
'ANAGKH 'EK TWN PROEIRHMENWN, 'W* SWKRATE$.
'OUKOU*N GENOMENOI 'EUQU$ "EWRWMEN TE-KAI 'HKOUOMEN KAI TA$
'ALLA$ 'AISQHSEI$ 'EICOMEN:
PANU GE.
<P 75C>
'EDEI DE-GE, FAMEN, PRO TOUTWN THN TOU* 'ISOU 'EPISTHMHN
'EILHFENAI:
NAI.
PRIN GENESQAI 'A=RA, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'ANAGKH "HMIN 'AUTHN
'EILHFENAI.
'EOIKEN0.
'OUKOU*N 'EI MEN LABONTE$ 'AUTHN PRO TOU* GENESQAI 'ECONTE$
'EGENOMEQA, 'HPISTAMEQA KAI PRIN GENESQAI KAI 'EUQU$ GENOMENOI
'OU MONON TO 'ISON KAI TO MEIZON KAI TO 'ELATTON 'ALLA=-KAI
SUMPANTA TA TOIAUTA: 'OU-GAR PERI= TOU* 'ISOU NU*N "O LOGO$
"HMIN MALLON TI 'H=-KAI PERI= 'AUTOU4 TOU* KALOU KAI 'AUTOU4 TOU*
<P 75D>
'AGAQOU KAI DIKAIOU KAI "OSIOU KAI, "OPER LEGW0, PERI= "APANTWN
"OI$ 'EPISFRAGIZOMEQA TO 'AUTO "O= 'ESTI KAI 'EN TAI$ 'ERWTHSESIN
'ERWTWNTE$ KAI 'EN TAI$ 'APOKRISESIN 'APOKRINOMENOI.
"WSTE 'ANAGKAION "HMIN TOUTWN PANTWN TA$ 'EPISTHMA$ PRO TOU*
GENESQAI 'EILHFENAI.
'ESTI TAUTA.
KAI 'EI MEN-GE LABONTE$ "EKASTOTE MH 'EPILELHSMEQA,
'EIDOTA$ 'AEI GIGNESQAI KAI 'AEI DIA= BIOU 'EIDENAI; TO GAR
'EIDENAI TOUT' 'ESTIN, LABONTA TOU 'EPISTHMHN 'ECEIN KAI MH
'APOLWLEKENAI; 'H= 'OU TOUTO LHQHN LEGOMEN, 'W* SIMMIA, 'EPISTHMH$
'APOBOLHN:
<P 75E>
PANTW$ DHPOU, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$.
'EI DE-GE 'OIMAI LABONTE$ PRIN GENESQAI GIGNOMENOI 'APWLESAMEN,
"USTERON DE TAI$ 'AISQHSESI CRWMENOI PERI= 'AUTA
'EKEINA$ 'ANALAMBANOMEN TA$ 'EPISTHMA$ "A$ POTE KAI PRIN
'EICOMEN, 'A*R' 'OUC "O= KALOUMEN0 MANQANEIN 'OIKEIAN 'AN4 'EPISTHMHN
'ANALAMBANEIN 'EIH: TOUTO DE-POU 'ANAMIMNHISKESQAI LEGONTE$
'ORQW$ 'AN4 LEGOIMEN:
PANU GE.


<P 76A>
DUNATON GAR-DH TOUTO GE 'EFANH, 'AISQOMENON TI 'H= 'IDONTA
'H= 'AKOUSANTA 'H= TINA 'ALLHN 'AISQHSIN LABONTA "ETERON TI 'APO
TOUTOU 'ENNOHSAI0 "O= 'EPELELHSTO, "WI TOUTO 'EPLHSIAZEN 'ANOMOION
'ON 'H= "WI "OMOION; "WSTE "OPER LEGW0, DUOIN QATERA, 'HTOI 'EPISTAMENOI
GE 'AUTA GEGONAMEN KAI 'EPISTAMEQA DIA= BIOU PANTE$,
'H= "USTERON, "OU$ FAMEN MANQANEIN, 'OUDEN 'ALL'-'H= 'ANAMIMNHISKONTAI
"OUTOI, KAI "H MAQHSI$ 'ANAMNHSI$ 'AN4 'EIH.
KAI MALA DH "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$.
POTERON 'OUN "AIRHI0, 'W* SIMMIA: 'EPISTAMENOU$ "HMA$ GEGONENAI,
<P 76B>
'H= 'ANAMIMNHISKESQAI "USTERON "WN PROTERON 'EPISTHMHN
'EILHFOTE$ 'HMEN:
'OUK 'ECW0, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EN TW*I PARONTI "ELESQAI.
TI= DE: TODE 'ECEI$ "ELESQAI, KAI PH*I SOI4 DOKEI0 PERI= 'AUTOU4:
'ANHR 'EPISTAMENO$ PERI= "WN 'EPISTATAI 'ECOI 'AN4 DOUNAI0 LOGON
'H= 'OU=:
POLLH 'ANAGKH, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$.
'H*-KAI DOKOUSI0 SOI4 PANTE$ 'ECEIN DIDONAI LOGON PERI= TOUTWN
"WN NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN:
BOULOIMHN 'MENTAN, 'EFH "O SIMMIA$; 'ALLA= POLU MALLON
FOBOUMAI MH 'AURION THNIKADE 'OUKETI 'HI 'ANQRWPWN 'OUDEI$
'AXIW$ "OIO$-TE TOUTO POIHSAI0.
<P 76C>
'OUK-'A=RA DOKOUSI0 SOI4 'EPISTASQAI GE, 'EFH, 'W* SIMMIA,
PANTE$ 'AUTA:
'OUDAMW$.
'ANAMIMNHISKONTAI 'A=RA "A POTE 'EMAQON:
'ANAGKH.
PO=TE LABOUSAI "AI YUCAI "HMWN THN 'EPISTHMHN 'AUTWN: 'OU-GAR-DH
'AF' "OU GE 'ANQRWPOI GEGONAMEN.
'OU-DHTA.
PROTERON 'A=RA.
NAI.
'HSAN 'A=RA, 'W* SIMMIA, "AI YUCAI KAI PROTERON, PRIN
'EINAI 'EN 'ANQRWPOU 'EIDEI, CWRI$ SWMATWN, KAI FRONHSIN
'EICON.
'EI MH 'A=RA "AMA GIGNOMENOI LAMBANOMEN, 'W* SWKRATE$,
TAUTA$ TA$ 'EPISTHMA$; "OUTO$ GAR LEIPETAI 'ETI "O CRONO$.
<P 76D>
'EIEN, 'W* "ETAIRE; 'APOLLUMEN DE 'AUTA$ 'EN POI=WI 'ALLWI CRONWI?&
'OU-GAR-DH 'ECONTE$ GE 'AUTA$ GIGNOMEQA, "W$ 'ARTI "WMOLOGHSAMEN %
'H= 'EN TOUTWI 'APOLLUMEN 'EN "WIPER KAI LAMBANOMEN: 'H=
'ECEI$ 'ALLON TINA 'EIPEIN CRONON:
'OUDAMW$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALLA= 'ELAQON 'EMAUTON 'OUDEN
'EIPWN.
'A*R'-'OUN "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, 'EFH, "HMIN, 'W* SIMMIA: 'EI MEN 'ESTIN
"A QRULOUMEN 'AEI, KALON TE TI KAI 'AGAQON KAI PASA "H TOIAUTH
'OUSIA, KAI 'EPI TAUTHN TA 'EK TWN 'AISQHSEWN PANTA 'ANAFEROMEN,
<P 76E>
"UPARCOUSAN PROTERON 'ANEURISKONTE$ "HMETERAN
'OUSAN, KAI TAUTA 'EKEINHI 'APEIKAZOMEN, 'ANAGKAION, "OUTW$ "WSPER
KAI TAUTA 'ESTIN, "OUTW$ KAI THN "HMETERAN YUCHN 'EINAI KAI
PRIN GEGONENAI "HMA$; 'EI DE MH 'ESTI TAUTA 'ALLW$ 'AN4 "O LOGO$
"OUTO$ 'EIRHMENO$-'EIH: 'A*R' "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, KAI 'ISH 'ANAGKH TAUTA
TE 'EINAI KAI TA$ "HMETERA$ YUCA$ PRIN KAI "HMA$ GEGONENAI,
KAI 'EI MH TAUTA, 'OUDE TADE:
"UPERFUW$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EFH "O SIMMIA$, DOKEI0 MOI "H
'AUTH 'ANAGKH 'EINAI, KAI 'EI$ KALON GE KATAFEUGEI0 "O LOGO$ 'EI$


<P 77A>
TO "OMOIW$ 'EINAI THN TE YUCHN "HMWN PRIN GENESQAI "HMA$ KAI
THN 'OUSIAN "HN SU NU*N LEGEI$. 'OU-GAR 'ECW0 'EGWGE 'OUDEN
"OUTW MOI 'ENARGE$ 'ON "W$ TOUTO, TO PANTA TA TOIAUT' 'EINAI "W$
"OION-TE MALISTA, KALON TE-KAI 'AGAQON KAI 'TALLA PANTA "A
SU NUNDH 'ELEGE$; KAI 'EMOIGE DOKEI0 "IKANW$ 'APODEDEIKTAI.
TI= DE-DH KEBHTI: 'EFH "O SWKRATH$; DEI GAR-KAI KEBHTA
PEIQEIN.
"IKANW$, 'EFH "O SIMMIA$, "W$ 'EGWGE 'OIMAI; KAITOI KARTERWTATO$
'ANQRWPWN 'ESTIN PRO$ TO 'APISTEIN TOI$ LOGOI$. 'ALL'
'OIMAI 'OUK 'ENDEW$ TOUTO PEPEISQAI 'AUTON, "OTI4 PRIN GENESQAI
<P 77B>
"HMA$ 'H*N "HMWN "H YUCH; 'EI MENTOI-KAI 'EPEIDAN 'APOQANWMEN
'ETI 'ESTAI, 'OUDE 'AUTWI MOI DOKEI0, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'APODEDEICQAI,
'ALL' 'ETI 'ENESTHKEN0 "O= NUNDH KEBH$ 'ELEGE, TO TWN
POLLWN, "OPW$ MH "AMA 'APOQNHISKONTO$ TOU* 'ANQRWPOU DIASKEDANNUTAI
"H YUCH KAI 'AUTHI TOU* 'EINAI TOUTO TELO$ 'HI. TI=
GAR KWLUEI0 GIGNESQAI MEN 'AUTHN KAI SUNISTASQAI 'ALLOQEN
POQEN KAI 'EINAI PRIN KAI 'EI$ 'ANQRWPEION SWMA 'AFIKESQAI,
'EPEIDAN DE 'AFIKHTAI KAI 'APALLATTHTAI TOUTOU, TO=TE KAI 'AUTHN
TELEUTAN KAI DIAFQEIRESQAI:
<P 77C>
'EU LEGEI$, 'EFH, 'W* SIMMIA, "O KEBH$. FAINETAI GAR
"WSPER "HMISU 'APODEDEICQAI "OU DEI, "OTI4 PRIN GENESQAI "HMA$
'H*N "HMWN "H YUCH, DEI DE PROSAPODEIXAI0 "OTI4 KAI 'EPEIDAN
'APOQANWMEN 'OUDEN "HTTON 'ESTAI 'H= PRIN GENESQAI, 'EI MELLEI0
TELO$ "H 'APODEIXI$ "EXEIN.
'APODEDEIKTAI MEN, 'EFH, 'W* SIMMIA TE-KAI KEBH$, "O
SWKRATH$, KAI NU*N 'EI 'QELETE0 SUNQEINAI TOUTON TE TON
LOGON 'EI$ 'TAUTON KAI "ON PRO TOUTOU "WMOLOGHSAMEN, TO
GIGNESQAI PAN TO ZWN 'EK TOU* TEQNEWTO$. 'EI GAR 'ESTIN MEN
<P 77D>
"H YUCH KAI PROTERON, 'ANAGKH DE 'AUTHI 'EI$ TO ZHN 'IOUSHI TE-KAI
GIGNOMENHI MHDAMOQEN 'ALLOQEN 'H= 'EK QANATOU KAI TOU*
TEQNANAI GIGNESQAI, PW*$ 'OUK 'ANAGKH 'AUTHN KAI 'EPEIDAN
'APOQANHI6 'EINAI, 'EPEIDH GE DEI 'AUQI$ 'AUTHN GIGNESQAI: 'APODEDEIKTAI
MEN-'OUN "OPER LEGETE0 KAI NU*N. "OMW$ DE MOI DOKEI$
SU TE-KAI SIMMIA$ "HDEW$ 'AN4 KAI TOUTON DIAPRAGMATEUSASQAI
TON LOGON 'ETI MALLON, KAI DEDIENAI TO TWN PAIDWN MH "W$
'ALHQW$ "O 'ANEMO$ 'AUTHN 'EKBAINOUSAN 'EK TOU* SWMATO$ DIAFUSA*I0
<P 77E>
KAI DIASKEDANNUSIN0, 'ALLW$ TE KAI "OTAN TUCHI6 TI$ MH 'EN
NHNEMIA\ 'ALL' 'EN MEGALWI TINI PNEUMATI 'APOQNHISKWN.
KAI "O KEBH$ 'EPIGELASA$, "W$ DEDIOTWN, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$,
PEIRW5 'ANAPEIQEIN; MALLON DE MH "W$ "HMWN DEDIOTWN, 'ALL'
'ISW$ 'ENI TI$ KAI 'EN "HMIN PAI$ "OSTI$ TA TOIAUTA FOBEITAI.
TOUTON 'OUN PEIRW5 METAPEIQEIN MH DEDIENAI TON QANATON "WSPER
TA MORMOLUKEIA.
'ALLA= CRH, 'EFH "O SWKRATH$, 'EPA\DEIN 'AUTWI "EKASTH$ "HMERA$
"EW$ 'AN4 'EXEPA\SHTE.


<P 78A>
PO=QEN 'OUN, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, TWN TOIOUTWN 'AGAQON 'EPWIDON
LHYOMEQA, 'EPEIDH SU, 'EFH, "HMA$ 'APOLEIPEI$:
POLLH MEN "H "ELLA$, 'EFH, 'W* KEBH$, 'EN "HI 'ENEISI POU
'AGAQOI 'ANDRE$, POLLA DE-KAI TA TWN BARBARWN GENH, "OU$
PANTA$ CRH DIEREUNASQAI ZHTOUNTA$ TOIOUTON 'EPWIDON, MHTE
CRHMATWN FEIDOMENOU$ MHTE PONWN, "W$ 'OUK 'ESTIN 'EI$ "OTI2
'AN4 'EUKAIROTERON 'ANALISKOITE CRHMATA. ZHTEIN DE CRH KAI
'AUTOU$ MET' 'ALLHLWN; 'ISW$ GAR 'AN4 'OUDE "RA\DIW$ "EUROITE
MALLON "UMWN DUNAMENOU$ TOUTO POIEIN.
'ALLA= TAUTA MEN-DH, 'EFH, "UPARXEI2, "O KEBH$; "OQEN DE
<P 78B>
'APELIPOMEN 'EPANELQWMEN, 'EI SOI4 "HDOMENWI 'ESTIN.
'ALLA=-MHN "HDOMENWI GE; PW*$ GAR 'OU MELLEI0:
KALW$, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
'OUKOU*N TOIONDE TI, 'H*-D'-"O$ "O SWKRATH$, DEI "HMA$ 'ANERESQAI
"EAUTOU$, TW*I POI=WI TINI 'A=RA PROSHKEI0 TOUTO TO PAQO$ PASCEIN,
TO DIASKEDANNUSQAI, KAI "UPER TOU* POI=OU TINO$ DEDIENAI MH
PAQHI6 'AUTO, KAI TW*I POI=WI TINI 'OU=7; KAI META TOUTO 'AU
'EPISKEYASQAI POTERON "H8 YUCH 'ESTIN, KAI 'EK TOUTWN
QARREIN 'H= DEDIENAI "UPER TH$ "HMETERA$ YUCH$:
'ALHQH, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
<P 78C>
'A*R'-'OUN TW*I MEN SUNTEQENTI TE-KAI SUNQETWI 'ONTI FUSEI
PROSHKEI0 TOUTO PASCEIN, DIAIREQHNAI TAUTHI "HIPER SUNETEQH;
'EI DE TI TUGCANEI0 'ON 'ASUNQETON, TOUTWI MONWI PROSHKEI0 MH
PASCEIN TAUTA, 'EIPER TW*I 'ALLWI:
DOKEI0 MOI, 'EFH, "OUTW$ 'ECEIN, "O KEBH$.
'OUKOU*N "APER 'AEI KATA 'TAUTA KAI "WSAUTW$ 'ECEI0, TAUTA
MALISTA 'EIKO$ 'EINAI TA 'ASUNQETA, TA DE 'ALLOT' 'ALLW$ KAI
MHDEPOTE KATA 'TAUTA, TAUTA DE SUNQETA:
'EMOIGE DOKEI0 "OUTW$.
'IWMEN DH, 'EFH, 'EPI 'TAUTA 'EF' "APER 'EN TW*I 'EMPROSQEN
<P 78D>
LOGWI. 'AUTH "H 'OUSIA "H$ LOGON DIDOMEN TOU* 'EINAI KAI 'ERWTWNTE$
KAI 'APOKRINOMENOI, POTERON "WSAUTW$ 'AEI 'ECEI0 KATA
'TAUTA 'H= 'ALLOT' 'ALLW$: 'AUTO TO 'ISON, 'AUTO TO KALON, 'AUTO
"EKASTON "O= 'ESTIN, TO 'ON, MH POTE METABOLHN KAI "HNTINOUN
'ENDECETAI: 'H= 'AEI 'AUTWN "EKASTON "O= 'ESTI, MONOEIDE$ 'ON 'AUTO
KAQ' "AUTO, "WSAUTW$ KATA 'TAUTA 'ECEI0 KAI 'OUDEPOTE 'OUDAMHI
'OUDAMW$ 'ALLOIWSIN 'OUDEMIAN 'ENDECETAI:
"WSAUTW$, 'EFH, 'ANAGKH, "O KEBH$, KATA 'TAUTA 'ECEIN, 'W*
SWKRATE$.
TI= DE TWN POLLWN KALWN, "OION 'ANQRWPWN 'H= "IPPWN 'H=
<P 78E>
"IMATIWN 'H= 'ALLWN "WNTINWNOUN TOIOUTWN, 'H= 'ISWN 'H=8 KALWN8 'H=
PANTWN TWN 'EKEINOI$ "OMWNUMWN: 'A*RA KATA 'TAUTA 'ECEI0, 'H= PAN
'TOUNANTION 'EKEINOI$ 'OUTE 'AUTA "AUTOI$ 'OUTE 'ALLHLOI$ 'OUDEPOTE
"W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN 'OUDAMW$ KATA 'TAUTA:
"OUTW$ 'AU, 'EFH "O KEBH$, TAUTA; 'OUDEPOTE "WSAUTW$ 'ECEI0.


<P 79A>
'OUKOU*N TOUTWN MEN 'KAN4 "AYAIO 'KAN4 'IDOI$ 'KAN4 TAI$ 'ALLAI$
'AISQHSESIN 'AISQOIO, TWN DE KATA 'TAUTA 'ECONTWN0 'OUK 'ESTIN
"OTWI POT' 'AN4 'ALLWI 'EPILABOIO 'H= TW*I TH$ DIANOIA$ LOGISMWI,
'ALL' 'ESTIN 'AIDH TA TOIAUTA KAI 'OUC "ORATA:
PANTAPASIN, 'EFH, 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
QWMEN 'OUN BOULEI, 'EFH, DUO 'EIDH TWN 'ONTWN0, TO MEN
"ORATON, TO DE 'AIDE$:
QWMEN, 'EFH.
KAI TO MEN 'AIDE$ 'AEI KATA 'TAUTA 'ECON, TO DE "ORATON
MHDEPOTE KATA 'TAUTA:
KAI TOUTO, 'EFH, QWMEN.
<P 79B>
FERE DH, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'ALLO TI "HMWN-'AUTWN TO MEN SWMA 'ESTI,
TO DE YUCH:
'OUDEN 'ALLO, 'EFH.
POTERWI 'OUN "OMOIOTERON TW*I 'EIDEI FAMEN 'AN4 'EINAI KAI
SUGGENESTERON TO SWMA:
PANTI, 'EFH, TOUTO GE DHLON, "OTI4 TW*I "ORATWI.
TI= DE "H YUCH: "ORATON 'H= 'AIDE$:
'OUC "UP' 'ANQRWPWN GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EFH.
'ALLA=-MHN "HMEI$ GE TA "ORATA KAI TA MH THI TWN 'ANQRWPWN
FUSEI 'ELEGOMEN; 'H= 'ALLHI TINI 'OIEI:
THI TWN 'ANQRWPWN.
TI= 'OUN PERI= YUCH$ LEGOMEN: "ORATON 'H= 'AORATON 'EINAI:
'OUC "ORATON.
'AIDE$ 'A=RA:
NAI.
"OMOIOTERON 'A=RA YUCH SWMATO$ 'ESTIN TW*I 'AIDEI, TO DE TW*I
"ORATWI.
<P 79C>
PASA 'ANAGKH, 'W* SWKRATE$.
'OUKOU*N-KAI TODE PALAI 'ELEGOMEN, "OTI4 "H YUCH, "OTAN MEN
TW*I SWMATI PROSCRHTAI2 'EI$ TO SKOPEIN TI 'H= DIA= TOU* "ORAN 'H=
DIA= TOU* 'AKOUEIN 'H= DI' 'ALLH$ TINO$ 'AISQHSEW$ % TOUTO GAR
'ESTIN TO DIA= TOU* SWMATO$, TO DI' 'AISQHSEW$ SKOPEIN TI %
TO=TE MEN "ELKETAI "UPO TOU* SWMATO$ 'EI$ TA 'OUDEPOTE KATA
'TAUTA 'ECONTA, KAI 'AUTH PLANATAI0 KAI TARATTETAI KAI 'EILIGGIA*I0
"WSPER MEQUOUSA, "ATE TOIOUTWN 'EFAPTOMENH:
PANU GE.
<P 79D>
"OTAN DE-GE 'AUTH KAQ' "AUTHN SKOPHI5, 'EKEISE 'OICETAI 'EI$
TO KAQARON TE-KAI 'AEI 'ON KAI 'AQANATON KAI "WSAUTW$ 'ECON,
KAI "W$ SUGGENH$ 'OUSA 'AUTOU4 'AEI MET' 'EKEINOU TE GIGNETAI,
"OTANPER 'AUTH KAQ' "AUTHN GENHTAI KAI 'EXHI 'AUTHI, KAI PEPAUTAI
TE TOU* PLANOU KAI PERI= 'EKEINA 'AEI KATA 'TAUTA "WSAUTW$ 'ECEI0,
"ATE TOIOUTWN 'EFAPTOMENH; KAI TOUTO 'AUTH$ TO PAQHMA FRONHSI$
KEKLHTAI:
PANTAPASIN, 'EFH, KALW$ KAI 'ALHQH LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
POTERWI 'OUN 'AU SOI4 DOKEI0 TW*I 'EIDEI KAI 'EK TWN PROSQEN KAI 'EK
<P 79E>
TWN NU*N LEGOMENWN YUCH "OMOIOTERON 'EINAI KAI SUGGENESTERON:
PA$ 'AN4 MOI DOKEI0, 'H*-D'-"O$, SUGCWRHSAI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EK
TAUTH$ TH$ MEQODOU, KAI "O DUSMAQESTATO$, "OTI4 "OLWI KAI
PANTI "OMOIOTERON 'ESTI YUCH TW*I 'AEI "WSAUTW$ 'ECONTI MALLON
'H= TW*I MH.
TI= DE TO SWMA:
TW*I "ETERWI.
"ORA DH-KAI THIDE "OTI4 'EPEIDAN 'EN TW*I 'AUTWI 'WSI YUCH KAI


<P 80A>
SWMA, TW*I MEN DOULEUEIN KAI 'ARCESQAI "H FUSI$ PROSTATTEI0,
THI DE 'ARCEIN KAI DESPOZEIN; KAI KATA TAUTA 'AU POTERON SOI4
DOKEI0 "OMOION TW*I QEIWI 'EINAI KAI POTERON TW*I QNHTWI: 'H= 'OU
DOKEI0 SOI4 TO MEN QEION "OION 'ARCEIN TE-KAI "HGEMONEUEIN PEFUKENAI,
TO DE QNHTON 'ARCESQAI TE-KAI DOULEUEIN:
'EMOIGE.
POTERWI 'OUN "H YUCH 'EOIKEN0:
DHLA DH, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OTI4 "H MEN YUCH TW*I QEIWI, TO DE
SWMA TW*I QNHTWI.
SKOPEI5 DH, 'EFH, 'W* KEBH$, 'EI 'EK PANTWN TWN 'EIRHMENWN
<P 80B>
TADE "HMIN SUMBAINEI0, TW*I MEN QEIWI KAI 'AQANATWI KAI NOHTWI
KAI MONOEIDEI KAI 'ADIALUTWI KAI 'AEI "WSAUTW$ KATA 'TAUTA
'ECONTI "EAUTWI "OMOIOTATON 'EINAI YUCH, TW*I DE 'ANQRWPINWI KAI
QNHTWI KAI POLUEIDEI KAI 'ANOHTWI KAI DIALUTWI KAI MHDEPOTE
KATA 'TAUTA 'ECONTI "EAUTWI "OMOIOTATON 'AU 'EINAI SWMA. 'ECOMEN
TI PARA TAUTA 'ALLO LEGEIN, 'W* FILE KEBH$, "HI 'OUC "OUTW$ 'ECEI0:
'OUK 'ECOMEN.
TI= 'OUN: TOUTWN "OUTW$ 'ECONTWN0 'A*R' 'OUCI SWMATI MEN
TACU DIALUESQAI PROSHKEI0, YUCHI DE 'AU TO PARAPAN 'ADIALUTWI
'EINAI 'H= 'EGGU$ TI TOUTOU:
<P 80C>
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
'ENNOEI$ 'OUN, 'EFH, 'EPEIDAN 'APOQANHI6 "O 'ANQRWPO$, TO MEN
"ORATON 'AUTOU4, TO SWMA, KAI 'EN "ORATWI KEIMENON, "O= DH NEKRON
KALOUMEN0, "WI PROSHKEI0 DIALUESQAI KAI DIAPIPTEIN KAI DIAPNEISQAI,
'OUK 'EUQU$ TOUTWN 'OUDEN PEPONQEN0, 'ALL' 'EPIEIKW$
SUCNON 'EPIMENEI0 CRONON, 'EA=N MEN TI$ KAI CARIENTW$ 'ECWN TO
SWMA TELEUTHSHI6 KAI 'EN TOIAUTHI "WRA\ KAI PANU MALA; SUMPESON
GAR TO SWMA KAI TARICEUQEN, "WSPER "OI 'EN 'AIGUPTWI
TARICEUQENTE$, 'OLIGOU "OLON MENEI0 'AMHCANON "OSON CRONON,
<P 80D>
'ENIA DE MERH TOU* SWMATO$, KAI 'AN2 SAPHI, 'OSTA TE-KAI NEURA
KAI TA TOIAUTA PANTA, "OMW$ "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN 'AQANATA 'ESTIN;
'H= 'OU=:
NAI.
"H DE YUCH 'A=RA, TO 'AIDE$, TO 'EI$ TOIOUTON TOPON "ETERON
'OICOMENON GENNAION KAI KAQARON KAI 'AIDH, 'EI$ "AIDOU "W$
'ALHQW$, PARA TON 'AGAQON KAI FRONIMON QEON, "OI*4, 'AN2 QEO$
QELHI5, 'AUTIKA KAI THI 'EMHI YUCHI 'ITEON, "AU=TH DE-DH "HMIN "H
TOIAUTH KAI "OUTW PEFUKUIA 'APALLATTOMENH TOU* SWMATO$
'EUQU$ DIAPEFUSHTAI KAI 'APOLWLEN0, "W$ FASIN0 "OI POLLOI
<P 80E>
'ANQRWPOI: POLLOU GE DEI, 'W* FILE KEBH$ TE-KAI SIMMIA,
'ALLA= POLLWI MALLON "WD' 'ECEI0; 'EA=N MEN KAQARA 'APALLATTHTAI,
MHDEN TOU* SWMATO$ SUNEFELKOUSA, "ATE 'OUDEN KOINWNOUSA
'AUTWI 'EN TW*I BIWI "EKOUSA 'EINAI, 'ALLA= FEUGOUSA 'AUTO KAI
SUNHQROISMENH 'AUTH 'EI$ "EAUTHN, "ATE MELETWSA 'AEI TOUTO %
TO DE 'OUDEN 'ALLO 'ESTIN 'H= 'ORQW$ FILOSOFOUSA KAI TW*I-'ONTI


<P 81A>
TEQNANAI MELETWSA "RA\DIW$; 'H= 'OU TOUT' 'AN4 'EIH MELETH
QANATOU:
PANTAPASI GE.
'OUKOU*N "OUTW MEN 'ECOUSA 'EI$ TO "OMOION 'AUTHI TO 'AIDE$
'APERCETAI, TO QEION TE-KAI 'AQANATON KAI FRONIMON, "OI*4
'AFIKOMENHI "UPARCEI0 'AUTHI 'EUDAIMONI 'EINAI, PLANH$ KAI 'ANOIA$
KAI FOBWN KAI 'AGRIWN 'ERWTWN KAI TWN 'ALLWN KAKWN TWN
'ANQRWPEIWN 'APHLLAGMENHI, "WSPER DE LEGETAI KATA TWN MEMUHMENWN,
"W$ 'ALHQW$ TON LOIPON CRONON META QEWN DIAGOUSA:
"OUTW FWMEN, 'W* KEBH$, 'H= 'ALLW$:
"OUTW NH DI=A, 'EFH "O KEBH$.
<P 81B>
'EA=N DE-GE 'OIMAI MEMIASMENH KAI 'AKAQARTO$ TOU* SWMATO$
'APALLATTHTAI, "ATE TW*I SWMATI 'AEI SUNOUSA KAI TOUTO QERAPEUOUSA
KAI 'ERWSA KAI GOHTEUOMENH "UP' 'AUTOU4 "UPO TE TWN
'EPIQUMIWN KAI "HDONWN, "WSTE MHDEN 'ALLO DOKEIN 'EINAI 'ALHQE$
'ALL'-'H= TO SWMATOEIDE$, "OU TI$ 'AN4 "AYAITO KAI 'IDOI KAI PIOI
KAI FAGOI KAI PRO$ TA 'AFRODI=SIA CRHSAITO, TO DE TOI$
'OMMASI SKOTWDE$ KAI 'AIDE$, NOHTON DE-KAI FILOSOFIA\ "AIRETON,
TOUTO DE 'EIQISMENH MISEIN TE-KAI TREMEIN KAI FEUGEIN, "OUTW
<P 81C>
DH 'ECOUSAN 'OIEI YUCHN 'AUTHN KAQ' "AUTHN 'EILIKRINH
'APALLAXESQAI:
'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN, 'EFH.
'ALLA=-KAI8 DIEILHMMENHN GE 'OIMAI "UPO TOU* SWMATOEIDOU$,
"O= 'AUTHI "H "OMILIA TE-KAI SUNOUSIA TOU* SWMATO$ DIA= TO 'AEI
SUNEINAI KAI DIA= THN POLLHN MELETHN 'ENEPOIHSE SUMFUTON:
PANU GE.
'EMBRIQE$ DE-GE, 'W* FILE, TOUTO 'OIESQAI CRH 'EINAI KAI
BARU KAI GEWDE$ KAI "ORATON; "O= DH-KAI 'ECOUSA "H TOIAUTH
YUCH BARUNETAI TE-KAI "ELKETAI PALIN 'EI$ TON "ORATON TOPON
FOBWI TOU* 'AIDOU$ TE-KAI "AIDOU, "WSPER LEGETAI, PERI= TA
<P 81D>
MNHMATA TE-KAI TOU$ TAFOU$ KULINDOUMENH, PERI= "A DH-KAI
'WFQH 'ATTA YUCWN SKIOEIDH FANTASMATA, "OI*A PARECONTAI "AI
TOIAUTAI YUCAI 'EIDWLA, "AI MH KAQARW$ 'APOLUQEISAI 'ALLA=
TOU* "ORATOU METECOUSAI, DIO KAI "ORWNTAI0.
'EIKO$ GE, 'W* SWKRATE$.
'EIKO$ MENTOI, 'W* KEBH$; KAI 'OU TI GE TA$ TWN 'AGAQWN
'AUTA$ 'EINAI, 'ALLA= TA$ TWN FAULWN, "AI= PERI= TA TOIAUTA
'ANAGKAZONTAI PLANASQAI DIKHN TINOUSAI TH$ PROTERA$ TROFH$
KAKH$ 'OUSH$. KAI MECRI GE TOUTOU PLANWNTAI0, "EW$ 'AN4 THI
<P 81E>
TOU* SUNEPAKOLOUQOUNTO$, TOU* SWMATOEIDOU$, 'EPIQUMIA\ PALIN
'ENDEQWSIN 'EI$ SWMA; 'ENDOUNTAI DE, "WSPER 'EIKO$, 'EI$ TOIAUTA
'HQH "OPOI*' 'ATT' 'AN4 KAI MEMELETHKUIAI TUCWSIN 'EN TW*I BIWI.
TA POI*A DH TAUTA LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$:
"OION TOU$ MEN GASTRIMARGIA$ TE-KAI "UBREI$ KAI FILOPOSIA$
MEMELETHKOTA$ KAI MH DIHULABHMENOU$ 'EI$ TA TWN 'ONWN GENH


<P 82A>
KAI TWN TOIOUTWN QHRIWN 'EIKO$ 'ENDUESQAI. 'H= 'OUK 'OIEI:
PANU MEN-'OUN 'EIKO$ LEGEI$.
TOU$ DE-GE 'ADIKIA$ TE-KAI TURANNIDA$ KAI "ARPAGA$ PROTETIMHKOTA$
'EI$ TA TWN LUKWN TE-KAI "IERAKWN KAI 'IKTINWN
GENH; 'H= POI* 'AN4 'ALLOSE FAMEN TA$ TOIAUTA$ 'IENAI:
'AMELEI5, 'EFH "O KEBH$, 'EI$ TA TOIAUTA.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*-D'-"O$, DHLA DH-KAI 'TALLA "HI 'AN4 "EKASTA 'IOI
KATA TA$ 'AUTWN "OMOIOTHTA$ TH$ MELETH$:
DHLON DH, 'EFH; PW*$ D' 'OU=:
'OUKOU*N 'EUDAIMONESTATOI, 'EFH, KAI TOUTWN 'EISI KAI 'EI$
BELTISTON TOPON 'IONTE$ "OI THN DHMOTIKHN KAI POLITIKHN
<P 82B>
'ARETHN 'EPITETHDEUKOTE$, "HN DH KALOUSI0 SWFROSUNHN TE-KAI
DIKAIOSUNHN, 'EX 'EQOU$ TE-KAI MELETH$ GEGONUIAN 'ANEU FILOSOFIA$
TE-KAI NOU:
PH*I DH "OUTOI 'EUDAIMONESTATOI:
"OTI4 TOUTOU$ 'EIKO$ 'ESTIN 'EI$ TOIOUTON PALIN 'AFIKNEISQAI
POLITIKON KAI "HMERON GENO$, 'H= POU MELITTWN 'H= SFHKWN 'H=
MURMHKWN, KAI 'EI$ 'TAUTON GE PALIN TO 'ANQRWPINON GENO$,
KAI GIGNESQAI 'EX 'AUTWN 'ANDRA$ METRIOU$.
'EIKO$.
'EI$ DE-GE QEWN GENO$ MH FILOSOFHSANTI KAI PANTELW$
<P 82C>
KAQARWI 'APIONTI 'OU QEMI$ 'AFIKNEISQAI 'ALL'-'H= TW*I FILOMAQEI.
'ALLA= TOUTWN "ENEKA, 'W* "ETAIRE SIMMIA TE-KAI KEBH$, "OI
'ORQW$ FILOSOFOI 'APECONTAI TWN KATA TO SWMA 'EPIQUMIWN
"APASWN KAI KARTEROUSI0 KAI 'OU PARADIDOASIN 'AUTAI$ "EAUTOU$,
'OU TI 'OIKOFQORIAN TE-KAI PENIAN FOBOUMENOI, "WSPER "OI
POLLOI KAI FILOCRHMATOI; 'OUDE 'AU 'ATIMIAN TE-KAI 'ADOXIAN
MOCQHRIA$ DEDIOTE$, "WSPER "OI FILARCOI TE-KAI FILOTIMOI,
'EPEITA 'APECONTAI 'AUTWN.
'OU-GAR 'AN4 PREPOI, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, "O KEBH$.
<P 82D>
'OU-MENTOI MA DI=A, 'H*-D'-"O$. TOIGARTOI TOUTOI$ MEN
"APASIN, 'W* KEBH$, 'EKEINOI "OI$ TI MELEI0 TH$ "EAUTWN YUCH$
'ALLA= MH SWMATI PLATTONTE$ ZWSI0, CAIREIN 'EIPONTE$, 'OU
KATA 'TAUTA POREUONTAI 'AUTOI$ "W$ 'OUK 'EIDOSIN "OPHI 'ERCONTAI,
'AUTOI DE "HGOUMENOI 'OU DEIN 'ENANTIA THI FILOSOFIA\ PRATTEIN
KAI THI 'EKEINH$ LUSEI TE-KAI KAQARMWI TAUTHI DH TREPONTAI
'EKEINHI "EPOMENOI, "HI 'EKEINH "UFHGEITAI.
PW*$, 'W* SWKRATE$:
'EGW 'ERW2, 'EFH. GIGNWSKOUSI0 GAR, 'H*-D'-"O$, "OI FILOMAQEI$
<P 82E>
"OTI4 PARALABOUSA 'AUTWN THN YUCHN "H FILOSOFIA 'ATECNW$
DIADEDEMENHN 'EN TW*I SWMATI KAI PROSKEKOLLHMENHN, 'ANAGKAZOMENHN
DE "WSPER DIA= "EIRGMOU DIA= TOUTOU SKOPEISQAI TA
'ONTA 'ALLA= MH 'AUTHN DI' "AUTH$, KAI 'EN PASHI 'AMAQIA\ KULINDOUMENHN,
KAI TOU* "EIRGMOU THN DEINOTHTA KATIDOUSA "OTI4 DI'
'EPIQUMIA$ 'ESTIN, "W$ 'AN4 MALISTA 'AUTO$ "O DEDEMENO$ SULLHPTWR


<P 83A>
'EIH TOU* DEDESQAI?* "OPER 'OUN LEGW0, GIGNWSKOUSIN0 "OI FILOMAQEI$
"OTI4 "OUTW PARALABOUSA "H FILOSOFIA 'ECOUSAN 'AUTWN
THN YUCHN 'HREMA PARAMUQEITAI KAI LUEIN 'EPICEIREI0, 'ENDEIKNUMENH
"OTI4 'APATH$ MEN MESTH "H DIA= TWN 'OMMATWN SKEYI$,
'APATH$ DE "H DIA= TWN 'WTWN KAI TWN 'ALLWN 'AISQHSEWN,
PEIQOUSA DE 'EK TOUTWN MEN 'ANACWREIN, "OSON MH 'ANAGKH
'AUTOI$ CRHSQAI, 'AUTHN DE 'EI$ "AUTHN SULLEGESQAI KAI
"AQROIZESQAI PARAKELEUOMENHI PISTEUEIN DE MHDENI 'ALLWI 'ALL'-'H=
<P 83B>
'AUTHN "AUTHI, "OTI2 'AN4 NOHSHI6 'AUTH KAQ' "AUTHN 'AUTO KAQ'
"AUTO TWN 'ONTWN0; "OTI2 D' 'AN4 DI' 'ALLWN SKOPHI5 'EN 'ALLOI$ 'ON
'ALLO, MHDEN "HGEISQAI 'ALHQE$; 'EINAI DE TO MEN TOIOUTON
'AISQHTON TE-KAI "ORATON, "O= DE 'AUTH "ORA*I0 NOHTON TE-KAI 'AIDE$.
TAUTHI 'OUN THI LUSEI 'OUK 'OIOMENH DEIN 'ENANTIOUSQAI "H TOU* "W$
'ALHQW$ FILOSOFOU YUCH "OUTW$ 'APECETAI TWN "HDONWN TE-KAI
'EPIQUMIWN KAI LUPWN KAI8 FOBWN8 KAQ' "OSON DUNATAI,
LOGIZOMENH "OTI4, 'EPEIDAN TI$ SFODRA "HSQHI 'H= FOBHQHI 'H=8
LUPHQHI8 'H= 'EPIQUMHSHI6 'OUDEN TOSOUTON KAKON 'EPAQEN 'AP'
<P 83C>
'AUTWN "WN 'AN4 TI$ 'OIHQEIH, "OION 'H= NOSHSA$ 'H= TI 'ANALWSA$
DIA= TA$ 'EPIQUMIA$, 'ALL' "O= PANTWN MEGISTON TE KAKWN KAI
'ESCATON 'ESTI, TOUTO PASCEI0 KAI 'OU LOGIZETAI 'AUTO.
TI= TOUTO, 'W* SWKRATE$: 'EFH "O KEBH$.
"OTI4 YUCH PANTO$ 'ANQRWPOU 'ANAGKAZETAI "AMA TE "HSQHNAI
SFODRA 'H= LUPHQHNAI 'EPI TWI KAI "HGEISQAI PERI= "O= 'AN4 MALISTA
TOUTO PASCHI5, TOUTO 'ENARGESTATON TE 'EINAI KAI 'ALHQESTATON,
'OUC "OUTW$ 'ECON; TAUTA DE MALISTA TA7 "ORATA; 'H= 'OU=:
PANU GE.
<P 83D>
'OUKOU*N 'EN TOUTWI TW*I PAQEI MALISTA KATADEITAI YUCH "UPO
SWMATO$:
PW*$ DH:
"OTI4 "EKASTH "HDONH KAI LUPH "WSPER "HLON 'ECOUSA PROSHLOI0
'AUTHN PRO$ TO SWMA KAI PROSPERONA*I0 KAI POIEI0 SWMATOEIDH,
DOXAZOUSAN TAUTA 'ALHQH 'EINAI "APER 'AN4 KAI TO SWMA FHI5.
'EK GAR TOU* "OMODOXEIN TW*I SWMATI KAI TOI$ 'AUTOI$ CAIREIN
'ANAGKAZETAI 'OIMAI "OMOTROPO$ TE-KAI "OMOTROFO$ GIGNESQAI
KAI "OI=A MHDEPOTE 'EI$ "AIDOU KAQARW$ 'AFIKESQAI, 'ALLA= 'AEI
TOU* SWMATO$ 'ANAPLEA 'EXIENAI, "WSTE TACU PALIN PIPTEIN 'EI$
<P 83E>
'ALLO SWMA KAI "WSPER SPEIROMENH 'EMFUESQAI, KAI 'EK TOUTWN
'AMOIRO$ 'EINAI TH$ TOU* QEIOU TE-KAI KAQAROU KAI MONOEIDOU$
SUNOUSIA$.
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH, LEGEI$, "O KEBH$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
TOUTWN TOINUN "ENEKA, 'W* KEBH$, "OI DIKAIW$ FILOMAQEI$
KOSMIOI 'EISI KAI 'ANDREIOI, 'OUC "WN "OI POLLOI "ENEKA FASIN0;
'H= SU 'OIEI:


<P 84A>
'OU-DHTA 'EGWGE.
'OU-GAR; 'ALL' "OUTW LOGISAIT' 'AN4 YUCH 'ANDRO$ FILOSOFOU,
KAI 'OUK 'AN4 'OIHQEIH THN MEN FILOSOFIAN CRHNAI0 'AUTHN LUEIN,
LUOUSH$ DE 'EKEINH$, 'AUTHN PARADIDONAI TAI$ "HDONAI$ KAI
LUPAI$ "EAUTHN PALIN 'AU 'EGKATADEIN KAI 'ANHNUTON 'ERGON PRATTEIN
PHNELOPH$ TINA 'ENANTIW$ "ISTON METACEIRIZOMENH$, 'ALLA=
GALHNHN TOUTWN PARASKEUAZOUSA, "EPOMENH TW*I LOGISMWI KAI
'AEI 'EN TOUTWI 'OUSA, TO 'ALHQE$ KAI TO QEION KAI TO 'ADOXASTON
<P 84B>
QEWMENH KAI "UP' 'EKEINOU TREFOMENH, ZHN TE 'OIETAI "OUTW
DEIN "EW$ 'AN4 ZHI2 KAI 'EPEIDAN TELEUTHSHI6 'EI$ TO SUGGENE$
KAI 'EI$ TO TOIOUTON 'AFIKOMENH 'APHLLACQAI TWN 'ANQRWPINWN
KAKWN. 'EK DH TH$ TOIAUTH$ TROFH$ 'OUDEN DEINON MH FOBHQHI,
TAUTA8 D'8 'EPITHDEUSASA8, 'W* SIMMIA TE-KAI KEBH$, "OPW$ MH
DIASPASQEISA 'EN THI 'APALLAGHI TOU* SWMATO$ "UPO TWN 'ANEMWN
DIAFUSHQEISA KAI DIAPTOMENH 'OICHTAI KAI 'OUDEN 'ETI
'OUDAMOU 'HI.
<P 84C>
SIGH 'OUN 'EGENETO TAUTA 'EIPONTO$ TOU* SWKRATOU$ 'EPI
POLUN CRONON, KAI 'AUTO$ TE PRO$ TW*I 'EIRHMENWI LOGWI 'H*N "O
SWKRATH$, "W$ 'IDEIN 'EFAINETO, KAI "HMWN "OI PLEISTOI; KEBH$
DE-KAI SIMMIA$ SMIKRON PRO$ 'ALLHLW DIELEGESQHN. KAI "O
SWKRATH$ 'IDWN 'AUTW 'HRETO, TI=: 'EFH, "UMIN TA LECQENTA MWN
MH DOKEI0 'ENDEW$ LEGESQAI: POLLA$ GAR-DH 'ETI 'ECEI0 "UPOYIA$
KAI 'ANTILABA$, 'EI GE-DH TI$ 'AUTA MELLEI0 "IKANW$ DIEXIENAI. 'EI
MEN-'OUN TI 'ALLO SKOPEISQON0, 'OUDEN LEGW0; 'EI DE TI PERI=
TOUTWN 'APOREITON0, MHDEN 'APOKNHSHTE KAI 'AUTOI 'EIPEIN KAI
<P 84D>
DIELQEIN, 'EI PHI "UMIN FAINETAI BELTION 'AN74 LECQHNAI, KAI
'AU KAI 'EME SUMPARALABEIN, 'EI TI MALLON 'OIESQE0 MET' 'EMOU4
'EUPORHSEIN.
KAI "O SIMMIA$ 'EFH; KAI-MHN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'TALHQH SOI4
'ERW2. PALAI GAR "HMWN "EKATERO$ 'APORWN TON "ETERON PROWQEI0
KAI KELEUEI0 'ERESQAI DIA= TO 'EPIQUMEIN MEN 'AKOUSAI0, 'OKNEIN DE
'OCLON PARECEIN, MH SOI4 'AHDE$ 'HI DIA= THN PAROUSAN SUMFORAN.
KAI "O$ 'AKOUSA$ 'EGELASEN TE 'HREMA KAI FHSIN; BABAI,
'W* SIMMIA; 'H*-POU CALEPW$ 'AN4 TOU$ 'ALLOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ PEISAIMI
<P 84E>
"W$ 'OU SUMFORAN "HGOUMAI THN PAROUSAN TUCHN, "OTE
GE-MHD' "UMA$ DUNAMAI PEIQEIN, 'ALLA= FOBEISQE0 MH DUSKOLWTERON
TI NU*N DIAKEIMAI 'H= 'EN TW*I PROSQEN BIWI; KAI, "W$ 'EOIKE0,
TWN KUKNWN DOKW0 FAULOTERO$ "UMIN 'EINAI THN MANTIKHN, "OI=
'EPEIDAN 'AISQWNTAI "OTI4 DEI 'AUTOU$ 'APOQANEIN, 'A\DONTE$ KAI 'EN


<P 85A>
TW*I PROSQEN CRONWI, TO=TE DH PLEISTA KAI KALLISTA 'A\DOUSI0,
GEGHQOTE$ "OTI4 MELLOUSI0 PARA TON QEON 'APIENAI "OUPER 'EISI
QERAPONTE$. "OI D' 'ANQRWPOI DIA= TO "AUTWN DEO$ TOU* QANATOU
KAI TWN KUKNWN KATAYEUDONTAI, KAI FASIN0 'AUTOU$ QRHNOUNTA$
TON QANATON "UPO LUPH$ 'EXA\DEIN, KAI 'OU LOGIZONTAI "OTI4 'OUDEN
'ORNEON 'A\DEI0 "OTAN PEINHI5 'H= "RIGWI2 'H= TINA 'ALLHN LUPHN LUPHTAI,
'OUDE 'AUTH "H TE 'AHDWN KAI CELIDWN KAI "O 'EPOY, "A DH FASI0
DIA= LUPHN QRHNOUNTA 'A\DEIN. 'ALL'-'OUTE TAUTA MOI FAINETAI
<P 85B>
LUPOUMENA 'A\DEIN 'OUTE "OI KUKNOI, 'ALL' "ATE 'OIMAI TOU* 'APOLLWNO$
'ONTE$, MANTIKOI TE 'EISI KAI PROEIDOTE$ TA 'EN "AIDOU
'AGAQA 'A\DOUSI0 KAI TERPONTAI 'EKEINHN THN "HMERAN DIAFERONTW$
'H= 'EN TW*I 'EMPROSQEN CRONWI. 'EGW DE-KAI 'AUTO$ "HGOUMAI
"OMODOULO$ TE 'EINAI TWN KUKNWN KAI "IERO$ TOU* 'AUTOU4 QEOU,
KAI 'OU CEIRON 'EKEINWN THN MANTIKHN 'ECEIN PARA TOU* DESPOTOU,
'OUDE DUSQUMOTERON 'AUTWN TOU* BIOU 'APALLATTESQAI. 'ALLA=
TOUTOU G' "ENEKA LEGEIN TE CRH KAI 'ERWTAN "OTI2 'AN4 BOULHSQE,
"EW$ 'AN4 'AQHNAIWN 'EWSIN3 'ANDRE$ "ENDEKA.
KALW$, 'EFH, LEGEI$, "O SIMMIA$; KAI 'EGW TE SOI4 'ERW2 "O=
<P 85C>
'APORW0, KAI 'AU "ODE, "HI 'OUK 'APODECETAI TA 'EIRHMENA. 'EMOI4
GAR DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, PERI= TWN TOIOUTWN 'ISW$ "WSPER KAI
SOI4 TO MEN SAFE$ 'EIDENAI 'EN TW*I NU*N BIWI 'H= 'ADUNATON 'EINAI
'H= PAGCALEPON TI, TO MENTOI 'AU TA LEGOMENA PERI= 'AUTWN MH
'OUCI PANTI TROPWI 'ELEGCEIN KAI MH PROAFISTASQAI PRIN 'AN4
PANTACHI SKOPWN 'APEIPHI6 TI$, PANU MALQAKOU 'EINAI 'ANDRO$;
DEIN GAR PERI= 'AUTA "EN GE TI TOUTWN DIAPRAXASQAI, 'H= MAQEIN
"OPHI 'ECEI0 'H= "EUREIN 'H=, 'EI TAUTA 'ADUNATON, TON GOUN BELTISTON
TWN 'ANQRWPINWN LOGWN LABONTA KAI DUSEXELEGKTOTATON,
<P 85D>
'EPI TOUTOU 'OCOUMENON "WSPER 'EPI SCEDIA$ KINDUNEUONTA
DIAPLEUSAI0 TON BION, 'EI MH TI$ DUNAITO 'ASFALESTERON KAI
'AKINDUNOTERON 'EPI BEBAIOTEROU 'OCHMATO$, 'H=8 LOGOU QEIOU
TINO$, DIAPOREUQHNAI. KAI-DH-KAI NU*N 'EGWGE 'OUK 'EPAISCUNQHSOMAI
'ERESQAI, 'EPEIDH KAI SU TAUTA LEGEI$, 'OUD' 'EMAUTON
'AITIASOMAI 'EN "USTERWI CRONWI "OTI4 NU*N 'OUK 'EIPON "A MOI
DOKEI0. 'EMOI4 GAR, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EPEIDH KAI PRO$ 'EMAUTON
KAI PRO$ TONDE SKOPW0 TA 'EIRHMENA, 'OU PANU FAINETAI "IKANW$
'EIRHSQAI.
<P 85E>
KAI "O SWKRATH$, 'ISW$ GAR, 'EFH, 'W* "ETAIRE, 'ALHQH SOI4
FAINETAI; 'ALLA= LEGE "OPHI DH 'OUC "IKANW$.
TAUTHI 'EMOIGE, 'H*-D'-"O$, "HI DH-KAI PERI= "ARMONIA$ 'AN4 TI$ KAI
LURA$ TE-KAI CORDWN TON 'AUTON TOUTON LOGON 'EIPOI, "W$ "H
MEN "ARMONIA 'AORATON KAI 'ASWMATON KAI PAGKALON TI KAI


<P 86A>
QEION 'ESTIN 'EN THI "HRMOSMENHI LURA\, 'AUTH D' "H LURA KAI
"AI CORDAI SWMATA TE-KAI SWMATOEIDH KAI SUNQETA KAI
GEWDH 'ESTI KAI TOU* QNHTOU SUGGENH. 'EPEIDAN 'OUN 'H= KATAXHI6
TI$ THN LURAN 'H= DIATEMHI6 KAI DIARRHXHI6 TA$ CORDA$, 'EI TI$
DIISCURIZOITO TW*I 'AUTWI LOGWI "WSPER SU, "W$ 'ANAGKH 'ETI 'EINAI
THN "ARMONIAN 'EKEINHN KAI MH 'APOLWLENAI % 'OUDEMIA GAR
MHCANH 'AN4 'EIH THN MEN LURAN 'ETI 'EINAI DIERRWGUIWN TWN
CORDWN KAI TA$ CORDA$ QNHTOEIDEI$ 'OUSA$, THN DE "ARMONIAN
<P 86B>
'APOLWLENAI THN TOU* QEIOU TE-KAI 'AQANATOU "OMOFUH TE-KAI
SUGGENH, PROTERAN TOU* QNHTOU 'APOLOMENHN % 'ALLA= FAIH
'ANAGKH 'ETI POU 'EINAI 'AUTHN THN "ARMONIAN, KAI PROTERON TA
XULA KAI TA$ CORDA$ KATASAPHSESQAI PRIN TI 'EKEINHN
PAQEIN % KAI-GAR-'OUN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OIMAI 'EGWGE KAI 'AUTON
SE TOUTO 'ENTEQUMHSQAI, "OTI4 TOIOUTON TI MALISTA "UPOLAMBANOMEN
THN YUCHN 'EINAI, "WSPER 'ENTETAMENOU TOU* SWMATO$
"HMWN KAI SUNECOMENOU "UPO QERMOU KAI YUCROU KAI XHROU
KAI "UGROU KAI TOIOUTWN TINWN, KRASIN 'EINAI KAI "ARMONIAN
<P 86C>
'AUTWN TOUTWN THN YUCHN "HMWN, 'EPEIDAN TAUTA KALW$ KAI
METRIW$ KRAQHI PRO$ 'ALLHLA % 'EI 'OUN TUGCANEI0 "H YUCH 'OUSA
"ARMONIA TI$, DHLON "OTI4, "OTAN CALASQHI TO SWMA "HMWN
'AMETRW$ 'H= 'EPITAQHI "UPO NOSWN KAI 'ALLWN KAKWN, THN MEN
YUCHN 'ANAGKH 'EUQU$ "UPARCEI0 'APOLWLENAI, KAIPER 'OUSAN
QEIOTATHN, "WSPER KAI "AI 'ALLAI "ARMONIAI "AI T' 'EN TOI$
FQOGGOI$ KAI 'EN TOI$ TWN DHMIOURGWN 'ERGOI$ PASI, TA DE
LEIYANA TOU* SWMATO$ "EKASTOU POLUN CRONON PARAMENEIN0,
<P 86D>
"EW$ 'AN4 'H= KATAKAUQHI 'H= KATASAPHI % "ORA 'OUN PRO$ TOUTON TON
LOGON TI= FHSOMEN, 'EA=N TI$ 'AXIOI2 KRASIN 'OUSAN THN YUCHN
TWN 'EN TW*I SWMATI 'EN TW*I KALOUMENWI0 QANATWI PRWTHN
'APOLLUSQAI.
DIABLEYA$ 'OUN "O SWKRATH$, "WSPER TA POLLA 'EIWQEI,
KAI MEIDIASA$, DI=KAIA MENTOI, 'EFH, LEGEI0 "O SIMMIA$. 'EI
'OUN TI$ "UMWN 'EUPORWTERO$ 'EMOU4, TI= 'OUK 'APEKRINATO: KAI-GAR
'OU FAULW$ 'EOIKEN0 "APTOMENWI TOU* LOGOU. DOKEI0 MENTOI MOI
CRHNAI0 PRO TH$ 'APOKRISEW$ 'ETI PROTERON KEBHTO$ 'AKOUSAI0
<P 86E>
TI= 'AU "ODE 'EGKALEI0 TW*I LOGWI, "INA CRONOU 'EGGENOMENOU BOULEUSWMEQA
TI= 'EROUMEN2, 'EPEITA DE8 'AKOUSANTA$ 'H= SUGCWREIN
'AUTOI$ 'EA=N TI DOKWSI PROSA\DEIN, 'EA=N DE MH, "OUTW$ 'HDH
"UPERDIKEIN TOU* LOGOU. 'ALL' 'AGE, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'W* KEBH$, LEGE,
TI= 'H*N TO SE 'AU QRATTON 'APISTIAN8 PARECEI80.
LEGW0 DH, 'H*-D'-"O$ "O KEBH$. 'EMOI4 GAR FAINETAI 'ETI 'EN
TW*I 'AUTWI "O LOGO$ 'EINAI, KAI, "OPER 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN 'ELEGOMEN,


<P 87A>
'TAUTON 'EGKLHMA 'ECEIN. "OTI4 MEN-GAR 'H*N "HMWN "H YUCH KAI
PRIN 'EI$ TODE TO 'EIDO$ 'ELQEIN, 'OUK 'ANATIQEMAI MH 'OUCI PANU
CARIENTW$ KAI, 'EI MH 'EPACQE$ 'ESTIN 'EIPEIN, PANU "IKANW$
'APODEDEICQAI; "W$ DE-KAI 'APOQANONTWN3 "HMWN 'ETI POU 'ESTIN,
'OU MOI DOKEI0 THIDE. "W$ MEN 'OUK 'ISCUROTERON KAI POLUCRONIWTERON
YUCH SWMATO$, 'OU SUGCWRW0 THI SIMMIOU 'ANTILHYEI;
DOKEI0 GAR MOI PASI TOUTOI$ PANU POLU DIAFEREIN. TI=
'OUN, 'AN4 FAIH "O LOGO$, 'ETI 'APISTEI$, 'EPEIDH "ORA*I$0 'APOQANONTO$
TOU* 'ANQRWPOU TO GE 'ASQENESTERON 'ETI 'ON: TO DE POLUCRONIWTERON
<P 87B>
'OU DOKEI0 SOI4 'ANAGKAION 'EINAI 'ETI SWIZESQAI 'EN
TOUTWI TW*I CRONWI: PRO$ DH TOUTO TODE 'EPISKEYAI, 'EI TI LEGW0;
'EIKONO$ GAR TINO$, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'KAGW "WSPER SIMMIA$ DEOMAI.
'EMOI4 GAR DOKEI0 "OMOIW$ LEGESQAI TAUTA "WSPER 'AN4 TI$ PERI=
'ANQRWPOU "UFANTOU PRESBUTOU 'APOQANONTO$ LEGOI TOUTON
TON LOGON, "OTI4 'OUK 'APOLWLEN0 "O 'ANQRWPO$ 'ALL' 'ESTI POU
SW$, TEKMHRION DE PARECOITO QOIMATION "O= 'HMPEICETO 'AUTO$
"UFHNAMENO$ "OTI4 'ESTI SWN KAI 'OUK 'APOLWLEN0, KAI 'EI TI$
<P 87C>
'APISTOIH 'AUTWI 'ANERWTWIH POTERON POLUCRONIWTERON 'ESTI
TO GENO$ 'ANQRWPOU 'H= "IMATIOU 'EN CREIA\ TE 'ONTO$ KAI FOROUMENOU,
'APOKRINAMENOU DH TINO$8 "OTI4 POLU TO TOU* 'ANQRWPOU,
'OIOITO 'APODEDEICQAI "OTI4 PANTO$ 'A=RA MALLON "O GE 'ANQRWPO$
SW$ 'ESTIN, 'EPEIDH TO GE 'OLIGOCRONIWTERON 'OUK 'APOLWLEN0.
TO D' 'OIMAI, 'W* SIMMIA, 'OUC "OUTW$ 'ECEI0; SKOPEI5 GAR-KAI SU
"A LEGW0. PA$ GAR8 'AN4 "UPOLABOI "OTI4 'EUHQE$ LEGEI0 "O TOUTO
LEGWN; "O GAR "UFANTH$ "OUTO$ POLLA KATATRIYA$ TOIAUTA
"IMATIA KAI "UFHNAMENO$ 'EKEINWN MEN "USTERO$ 'APOLWLEN0 POLLWN
<P 87D>
'ONTWN0, TOU* DE TELEUTAIOU 'OIMAI PROTERO$, KAI 'OUDEN TI
MALLON TOUTOU "ENEKA 'ANQRWPO$ 'ESTIN "IMATIOU FAULOTERON
'OUD' 'ASQENESTERON. THN 'AUTHN DE TAUTHN 'OIMAI 'EIKONA
DEXAIT' 'AN4 YUCH PRO$ SWMA, KAI TI$ LEGWN 'AUTA TAUTA PERI=
'AUTWN ME=TRI' 'AN4 MOI FAINOITO LEGEIN, "W$ "H MEN YUCH
POLUCRONION 'ESTI, TO DE SWMA 'ASQENESTERON KAI 'OLIGOCRONIWTERON;
'ALLA=-GAR 'AN4 FAIH "EKASTHN TWN YUCWN POLLA
SWMATA KATATRIBEIN, 'ALLW$ TE 'KAN2 POLLA 'ETH BIWI2 % 'EI GAR
"REOI TO SWMA KAI 'APOLLUOITO 'ETI ZWNTO$ TOU* 'ANQRWPOU,
<P 87E>
'ALL' "H YUCH 'AEI TO KATATRIBOMENON 'ANUFAINOI % 'ANAGKAION
'MENTAN 'EIH, "OPOTE 'APOLLUOITO "H YUCH, TO TELEUTAION "UFASMA
TUCEIN 'AUTHN 'ECOUSAN KAI TOUTOU MONOU PROTERAN 'APOLLUSQAI,
'APOLOMENH$ DE TH$ YUCH$ TO=T' 'HDH THN FUSIN TH$
'ASQENEIA$ 'EPIDEIKNUOI TO SWMA KAI TACU SAPEN DIOICOITO.
"WSTE TOUTWI TW*I LOGWI 'OUPW 'AXION PISTEUSANTA QARREIN "W$


<P 88A>
'EPEIDAN 'APOQANWMEN 'ETI POU "HMWN "H YUCH 'ESTIN. 'EI GAR
TI$ KAI PLEON 'ETI TW*I LEGONTI 'H= "A SU LEGEI$ SUGCWRHSEIEN,
DOU$ 'AUTWI MH MONON 'EN TW*I PRIN KAI GENESQAI "HMA$ CRONWI
'EINAI "HMWN TA$ YUCA$, 'ALLA= MHDEN KWLUEIN KAI 'EPEIDAN
'APOQANWMEN 'ENIWN 'ETI 'EINAI KAI 'ESESQAI KAI POLLAKI$ GENHSESQAI
KAI 'APOQANEISQAI 'AUQI$ % "OUTW GAR 'AUTO FUSEI
'ISCURON 'EINAI, "WSTE POLLAKI$ GIGNOMENHN YUCHN 'ANTECEIN %
DOU$ DE TAUTA 'EKEINO MHKETI SUGCWROI, MH 'OU PONEIN
'AUTHN 'EN TAI$ POLLAI$ GENESESIN KAI TELEUTWSAN GE 'EN
TINI TWN QANATWN PANTAPASIN 'APOLLUSQAI, TOUTON DE TON
<P 88B>
QANATON KAI TAUTHN THN DIALUSIN TOU* SWMATO$ "H= THI YUCHI
FEREI0 'OLEQRON MHDENA FAIH 'EIDENAI % 'ADUNATON GAR 'EINAI
"OTWIOUN 'AISQESQAI "HMWN % 'EI DE TOUTO "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, 'OUDENI
PROSHKEI0 QANATON QARROUNTI MH 'OUK 'ANOHTW$ QARREIN, "O$ 'AN4
MH 'ECHI5 'APODEIXAI0 "OTI4 'ESTI YUCH PANTAPASIN 'AQANATON TE-KAI
'ANWLEQRON; 'EI DE MH, 'ANAGKHN 'EINAI 'AEI TON MELLONTA
'APOQANEISQAI DEDIENAI "UPER TH$ "AUTOU YUCH$ MH 'EN THI NU*N
TOU* SWMATO$ DIAZEUXEI PANTAPASIN 'APOLHTAI.
<P 88C>
PANTE$ 'OUN 'AKOUSANTE$ 'EIPONTWN3 'AUTWN 'AHDW$ DIETEQHMEN,
"W$ "USTERON 'ELEGOMEN PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$, "OTI4 "UPO TOU*
'EMPROSQEN LOGOU SFODRA PEPEISMENOU$ "HMA$ PALIN 'EDOKOUN
'ANATARAXAI0 KAI 'EI$ 'APISTIAN KATABALEIN 'OU MONON TOI$
PROEIRHMENOI$ LOGOI$, 'ALLA=-KAI 'EI$ TA "USTERON MELLONTA
"RHQHSESQAI, MH 'OUDENO$ 'AXIOI 'EIMEN KRITAI 'H=-KAI TA PRAGMATA
'AUTA 'APISTA 'HI.
EC _ NH TOU$ QEOU$, 'W* FAIDWN, SUGGNWMHN GE 'ECW0 "UMIN.
KAI-GAR 'AUTON ME NU*N 'AKOUSANTA SOU4 TOIOUTON TI LEGEIN
<P 88D>
PRO$ 'EMAUTON 'EPERCETAI; TI=NI 'OUN 'ETI PISTEUSOMEN LOGWI:
"W$ GAR SFODRA PIQANO$ 'WN, "ON "O SWKRATH$ 'ELEGE LOGON,
NU*N 'EI$ 'APISTIAN KATAPEPTWKEN0. QAUMASTW$ GAR MOU "O
LOGO$ "OUTO$ 'ANTILAMBANETAI KAI NU*N KAI 'AEI, TO "ARMONIAN
TINA "HMWN 'EINAI THN YUCHN, KAI "WSPER "UPEMNHSEN ME "RHQEI$
"OTI4 KAI 'AUTWI MOI TAUTA PROUDEDOKTO. KAI PANU DEOMAI
PALIN "WSPER 'EX 'ARCH$ 'ALLOU TINO$ LOGOU "O$ ME PEISEI2 "W$
TOU* 'APOQANONTO$ 'OU SUNAPOQNHISKEI0 "H YUCH. LEGE 'OUN PRO$
DIO$ PH*I "O SWKRATH$ METHLQE TON LOGON: KAI POTERON
<P 88E>
'KAKEINO$, "WSPER "UMA$ FH=I$ 'ENDHLO$ TI 'EGENETO 'ACQOMENO$ 'H=
'OU=, 'ALLA= PRA\W$ 'EBOHQEI TW*I LOGWI: 'H=8 KAI "IKANW$ 'EBOHQHSEN
'H= 'ENDEW$: PANTA "HMIN DIELQE "W$ DUNASAI 'AKRIBESTATA.
FAID _ KAI-MHN, 'W* 'ECEKRATE$, POLLAKI$ QAUMASA$
SWKRATH 'OU PWPOTE MALLON 'HGASQHN 'H= TO=TE PARAGENOMENO$.


<P 89A>
TO MEN-'OUN 'ECEIN "OTI2 LEGOI 'EKEINO$ 'ISW$ 'OUDEN 'ATOPON; 'ALLA=
'EGWGE MALISTA 'EQAUMASA 'AUTOU4 PRWTON MEN TOUTO, "W$ "HDEW$
KAI 'EUMENW$ KAI 'AGAMENW$ TWN NEANISKWN TON LOGON 'APEDEXATO,
'EPEITA "HMWN "W$ 'OXEW$ 'HISQETO "O= 'PEPONQEMEN "UPO
TWN LOGWN, 'EPEITA "W$ 'EU "HMA$ 'IASATO KAI "WSPER PEFEUGOTA$
KAI "HTTHMENOU$ 'ANEKALESATO KAI PROUTREYEN PRO$ TO PAREPESQAI
TE-KAI SUSKOPEIN TON LOGON.
EC _ PW*$ DH:
FAID _ 'EGW 'ERW2. 'ETUCON GAR 'EN DEXIA*I 'AUTOU4 KAQHMENO$
<P 89B>
PARA THN KLINHN 'EPI CAMAIZHLOU TINO$, "O DE 'EPI POLU
"UYHLOTEROU 'H= 'EGW. KATAYHSA$ 'OUN MOU THN KEFALHN KAI
SUMPIESA$ TA$ 'EPI TW*I 'AUCENI TRICA$ % 'EIWQEI GAR, "OPOTE
TUCOI, PAIZEIN MOU 'EI$ TA$ TRICA$ % 'AURION DH, 'EFH, 'ISW$, 'W*
FAIDWN, TA$ KALA$ TAUTA$ KOMA$ 'APOKERHI2.
'EOIKEN0, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* SWKRATE$.
'OU=K, 'AN2 GE 'EMOI4 PEIQHI3.
'ALLA= TI=: 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
THMERON, 'EFH, 'KAGW TA$ 'EMA$ KAI SU TAUTA$, 'EANPER GE
"HMIN "O LOGO$ TELEUTHSHI6 KAI MH DUNWMEQA 'AUTON 'ANABIWSASQAI.
<P 89C>
KAI 'EGWG' 'AN4, 'EI SU 'EIHN KAI ME DIAFEUGOI "O
LOGO$, 'ENORKON 'AN4 POIHSAIMHN "WSPER 'ARGEIOI, MH PROTERON
KOMHSEIN, PRIN 'AN4 NIKHSW4 'ANAMACOMENO$ TON SIMMIOU TE-KAI
KEBHTO$ LOGON.
'ALL', 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PRO$ DUO LEGETAI 'OUD' "O "HRAKLH$
"OIO$-TE-'EINAI.
'ALLA=-KAI 'EME, 'EFH, TON 'IOLEWN PARAKALEI5, "EW$ 'ETI
FW$ 'ESTIN.
PARAKALW0 TOINUN, 'EFHN, 'OUC "W$ "HRAKLH$, 'ALL' "W$
'IOLEW$ TON "HRAKLH.
'OUDEN DIOISEI2, 'EFH. 'ALLA= PRWTON 'EULABHQWMEN TI PAQO$
MH PAQWMEN.
TO POI*ON: 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
<P 89D>
MH GENWMEQA, 'H*-D'-"O$, MISOLOGOI, "WSPER "OI MISANQRWPOI
GIGNOMENOI; "W$ 'OUK 'ESTIN, 'EFH, "OTI2 'AN4 TI$ MEIZON TOUTOU
KAKON PAQOI 'H= LOGOU$ MISHSA$. GIGNETAI DE 'EK TOU* 'AUTOU4
TROPOU MISOLOGIA TE-KAI MISANQRWPIA. "H TE-GAR MISANQRWPIA
'ENDUETAI 'EK TOU* SFODRA TINI PISTEUSAI0 'ANEU TECNH$,
KAI "HGHSASQAI PANTAPASI GE 'ALHQH 'EINAI KAI "UGIH KAI
PISTON TON 'ANQRWPON, 'EPEITA 'OLIGON "USTERON "EUREIN TOUTON
PONHRON TE-KAI 'APISTON, KAI 'AUQI$ "ETERON; KAI "OTAN TOUTO
POLLAKI$ PAQHI6 TI$ KAI "UPO TOUTWN MALISTA "OU$ 'AN4 "HGHSAITO
<P 89E>
'OIKEIOTATOU$ TE-KAI "ETAIROTATOU$, TELEUTWN DH QAMA PROSKROUWN
MISEI0 TE PANTA$ KAI "HGEITAI 'OUDENO$ 'OUDEN "UGIE$
'EINAI TO PARAPAN. 'H= 'OUK 'HISQHSAI SU PW TOUTO GIGNOMENON:
PANU GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'AISCRON, KAI DHLON "OTI4 'ANEU TECNH$ TH$
PERI= 'TANQRW=PEIA "O TOIOUTO$ CRHSQAI 'EPECEIREI TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$:
'EI GAR-POU META TECNH$ 'ECRHTO, "WSPER 'ECEI0 "OUTW$


<P 90A>
'AN4 "HGHSATO, TOU$ MEN CRHSTOU$ KAI PONHROU$ SFODRA
'OLIGOU$ 'EINAI "EKATEROU$, TOU$ DE METAXU PLEISTOU$.
PW*$ LEGEI$: 'EFHN 'EGW.
"WSPER, 'H*-D'-"O$, PERI TWN SFODRA SMIKRWN KAI MEGALWN;
'OIEI TI SPANIWTERON 'EINAI 'H= SFODRA MEGAN 'H= SFODRA SMIKRON
'EXEUREIN 'ANQRWPON 'H= KUNA 'H= 'ALLO "OTIOUN: 'H= 'AU TACUN 'H=
BRADUN 'H= 'AISCRON 'H= KALON 'H= LEUKON 'H= MELANA: 'H= 'OUCI
'HISQHSAI "OTI4 PANTWN TWN TOIOUTWN TA MEN 'AKRA TWN 'ESCATWN
SPA=NIA KAI 'OLIGA, TA DE METAXU 'AFQONA KAI POLLA:
PANU GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
<P 90B>
'OUKOU*N 'OIEI, 'EFH, 'EI PONHRIA$ 'AGWN PROTEQEIH, PANU 'AN4
'OLIGOU$ KAI 'ENTAUQA TOU$ PRWTOU$ FANHNAI:
'EIKO$ GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
'EIKO$ GAR, 'EFH. 'ALLA= TAUTHI MEN 'OUC "OMOIOI "OI LOGOI
TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$, 'ALLA= SOU4 NUNDH PROAGONTO$ 'EGW 'EFESPOMHN,
'ALL' 'EKEINHI, "HI, 'EPEIDAN TI$ PISTEUSHI6 LOGWI TINI 'ALHQEI
'EINAI 'ANEU TH$ PERI= TOU$ LOGOU$ TECNH$, 'KAPEITA 'OLIGON
"USTERON 'AUTWI DOXHI6 YEUDH$ 'EINAI, 'ENIOTE MEN 'WN, 'ENIOTE D'
'OUK 'WN, KAI 'AUQI$ "ETERO$ KAI "ETERO$; KAI MALISTA DH "OI
<P 90C>
PERI= TOU$ 'ANTILOGIKOU$ LOGOU$ DIATRIYANTE$ 'OISQ' "OTI4 TELEUTWNTE$
'OIONTAI SOFWTATOI GEGONENAI KAI KATANENOHKENAI
MONOI "OTI4 'OUTE TWN PRAGMATWN 'OUDENO$ 'OUDEN "UGIE$ 'OUDE
BEBAION 'OUTE TWN LOGWN, 'ALLA= PANTA TA 'ONTA 'ATECNW$ "WSPER
'EN 'EURIPWI 'ANW KATW STREFETAI KAI CRONON 'OUDENA 'EN
'OUDENI MENEI0.
PANU MEN-'OUN 'EFHN 'EGW 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
'OUKOU*N, 'W* FAIDWN, 'EFH, 'OIKTRON 'AN4 'EIH TO PAQO$, 'EI
'ONTO$ DH TINO$ 'ALHQOU$ KAI BEBAIOU LOGOU KAI DUNATOU
<P 90D>
KATANOHSAI0, 'EPEITA DIA= TO PARAGIGNESQAI TOIOUTOI$ TISI
LOGOI$, TOI$ 'AUTOI$ TOTE= MEN DOKOUSIN4 'ALHQESIN 'EINAI, TOTE=
DE MH, MH "EAUTON TI$ 'AITIWITO MHDE THN "EAUTOU 'ATECNIAN,
'ALLA= TELEUTWN DIA= TO 'ALGEIN "ASMENO$ 'EPI TOU$ LOGOU$ 'AF'
"EAUTOU THN 'AITIAN 'APWSAITO KAI 'HDH TON LOIPON BION MISWN
TE-KAI LOIDORWN TOU$ LOGOU$ DIATELOI0, TWN DE 'ONTWN0 TH$
'ALHQEIA$ TE-KAI 'EPISTHMH$ STERHQEIH.
NH TON DI=A, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OIKTRON DHTA.
PRWTON MEN-TOINUN, 'EFH, TOUTO 'EULABHQWMEN, KAI MH
<P 90E>
PARIWMEN 'EI$ THN YUCHN "W$ TWN LOGWN KINDUNEUEI0 'OUDEN
"UGIE$ 'EINAI, 'ALLA= POLU MALLON "OTI4 "HMEI$ 'OUPW "UGIW$ 'ECOMEN,
'ALLA= 'ANDRISTEON KAI PROQUMHTEON "UGIW$ 'ECEIN, SOI4 MEN-'OUN
KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ KAI TOU* 'EPEITA BIOU PANTO$ "ENEKA, 'EMOI4 DE


<P 91A>
'AUTOU4 "ENEKA TOU* QANATOU, "W$ KINDUNEUW0 'EGWGE 'EN TW*I PARONTI
PERI= 'AUTOU4 TOUTOU 'OU FILOSOFW$ 'ECEIN 'ALL' "WSPER "OI PANU
'APAIDEUTOI FILONIKW$. KAI-GAR 'EKEINOI "OTAN PERI= TOU 'AMFISBHTWSIN,
"OPHI MEN 'ECEI0 PERI= "WN 'AN4 "O LOGO$ 'HI 'OU FRONTIZOUSIN0,
"OPW$ DE "A 'AUTOI 'EQENTO TAUTA DOXEI2 TOI$ PAROUSIN,
TOUTO PROQUMOUNTAI. KAI 'EGW MOI DOKW0 'EN TW*I PARONTI
TOSOUTON MONON 'EKEINWN DIOISEIN; 'OU-GAR "OPW$ TOI$ PAROUSIN
"A 'EGW LEGW0 DOXEI2 'ALHQH 'EINAI PROQUMHSOMAI, 'EI MH 'EIH
PARERGON, 'ALL' "OPW$ 'AUTWI 'EMOI4 "OTI2 MALISTA DOXEI2 "OUTW$
<P 91B>
'ECEIN. LOGIZOMAI GAR, 'W* FILE "ETAIRE % QEASAI "W$ PLEONEKTIKW$ %
'EI MEN TUGCANEI0 'ALHQH 'ONTA "A LEGW0, KALW$ DH
'ECEI0 TO PEISQHNAI; 'EI DE MHDEN 'ESTI TELEUTHSANTI, 'ALL'-'OUN
TOUTON GE TON CRONON 'AUTON TON PRO TOU* QANATOU "HTTON TOI$
PAROUSIN 'AHDH$ 'ESOMAI 'ODUROMENO$, "H DE 'ANOIA MOI "AU=TH 'OU
SUNDIATELEI2 % KAKON GAR 'AN4 'H*N % 'ALL' 'OLIGON "USTERON 'APOLEITAI.
PARESKEUASMENO$ DH, 'EFH, 'W* SIMMIA TE-KAI KEBH$,
"OUTWSI 'ERCOMAI 'EPI TON LOGON; "UMEI$ MENTOI, 'AN2 'EMOI4 PEIQHSQE,
<P 91C>
SMIKRON FRONTISANTE$ SWKRATOU$, TH$ DE 'ALHQEIA$
POLU MALLON, 'EA=N MEN TI "UMIN DOKW3 'ALHQE$ LEGEIN, SUNOMOLOGHSATE,
'EI DE MH, PANTI LOGWI 'ANTITEINETE3, 'EULABOUMENOI
"OPW$ MH 'EGW "UPO PROQUMIA$ "AMA 'EMAUTON TE-KAI "UMA$ 'EXAPATHSA$,
"WSPER MELITTA TO KENTRON 'EGKATALIPWN 'OICHSOMAI.
'ALL' 'ITEON, 'EFH. PRWTON ME "UPOMNHSATE "A 'ELEGETE, 'EA=N
MH FAINWMAI MEMNHMENO$. SIMMIA$ MEN-GAR, "W$ 'EGWIMAI,
'APISTEI0 TE-KAI FOBEITAI MH "H YUCH "OMW$ KAI QEIOTERON KAI
<P 91D>
KALLION 'ON TOU* SWMATO$ PROAPOLLUHTAI 'EN "ARMONIA$ 'EIDEI
'OUSA; KEBH$ DE MOI 'EDOXE TOUTO MEN 'EMOI4 SUGCWREIN,
POLUCRONIWTERON GE 'EINAI YUCHN SWMATO$, 'ALLA= TODE
'ADHLON PANTI, MH POLLA DH SWMATA KAI POLLAKI$ KATATRIYASA
"H YUCH TO TELEUTAION SWMA KATALIPOUSA NU*N
'AUTH 'APOLLUHTAI, KAI 'HI 'AUTO TOUTO QANATO$, YUCH$ 'OLEQRO$,
'EPEI SWMA GE 'AEI 'APOLLUMENON 'OUDEN PAUETAI. 'A*RA
'A=LL' 'H= TAUT' 'ESTIN, 'W* SIMMIA TE-KAI KEBH$, "A DEI "HMA$
'EPISKOPEISQAI:
<P 91E>
SUNWMOLOGEITHN DH TAUT' 'EINAI 'AMFW.
POTERON 'OUN, 'EFH, PANTA$ TOU$ 'EMPROSQE LOGOU$ 'OUK
'APODECESQE0, 'H= TOU$ MEN, TOU$ D' 'OU=:
TOU$ MEN, 'EFATHN, TOU$ D' 'OU=.
TI= 'OUN, 'H*-D'-"O$, PERI= 'EKEINOU TOU* LOGOU LEGETE0 'EN "WI
'EFAMEN THN MAQHSIN 'ANAMNHSIN 'EINAI, KAI TOUTOU "OUTW$
'ECONTO$ 'ANAGKAIW$ 'ECEIN 'ALLOQI PROTERON "HMWN 'EINAI THN


<P 92A>
YUCHN, PRIN 'EN TW*I SWMATI 'ENDEQHNAI:
'EGW MEN, 'EFH "O KEBH$, KAI TO=TE QAUMASTW$ "W$ 'EPEISQHN
"UP' 'AUTOU4 KAI NU*N 'EMMENW0 "W$ 'OUDENI LOGWI.
KAI-MHN, 'EFH "O SIMMIA$, KAI 'AUTO$ "OUTW$ 'ECW0, KAI PANU
'AN4 QAUMAZOIMI 'EI MOI PERI= GE TOUTOU 'ALLO POTE TI DOXEIEN.
KAI "O SWKRATH$, 'ALLA= 'ANAGKH SOI4, 'EFH, 'W* XENE QHBAIE,
'A=LLA DOXAI0, 'EANPER MEINHI6 "HDE "H 'OIHSI$, TO "ARMONIAN MEN 'EINAI
SUNQETON PRAGMA, YUCHN DE "ARMONIAN TINA 'EK TWN KATA TO
SWMA 'ENTETAMENWN SUGKEISQAI; 'OU-GAR-POU 'APODEXHI2 GE
<P 92B>
SAUTOU LEGONTO$ "W$ PROTERON 'H*N "ARMONIA SUGKEIMENH, PRIN
'EKEINA 'EINAI 'EX "WN 'EDEI 'AUTHN SUNTEQHNAI. 'H= 'APODEXHI2.
'OUDAMW$, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$.
'AISQANHI0 'OUN, 'H*-D'-"O$, "OTI4 TAUTA SOI4 SUMBAINEI0 LEGEIN,
"OTAN FH*I$ MEN 'EINAI THN YUCHN PRIN KAI 'EI$ 'ANQRWPOU 'EIDO$
TE-KAI SWMA 'AFIKESQAI, 'EINAI DE 'AUTHN SUGKEIMENHN 'EK TWN
'OUDEPW 'ONTWN0: 'OU-GAR-DH "ARMONIA GE SOI4 TOIOUTON 'ESTIN
"WI 'APEIKAZEI$, 'ALLA= PROTERON KAI "H LURA KAI "AI CORDAI KAI
<P 92C>
"OI FQOGGOI 'ETI 'ANARMOSTOI 'ONTE$ GIGNONTAI, TELEUTAION DE
PANTWN SUNISTATAI "H "ARMONIA KAI PRWTON 'APOLLUTAI. "OUTO$
'OUN SOI4 "O LOGO$ 'EKEINWI PW*$ SUNA\SETAI:
'OUDAMW$, 'EFH "O SIMMIA$.
KAI-MHN, 'H*-D'-"O$, PREPEI0 GE 'EIPER TWI 'ALLWI LOGWI SUNWIDWI
'EINAI KAI TW*I PERI= "ARMONIA$.
PREPEI0 GAR, 'EFH "O SIMMIA$.
"OUTO$ TOINUN, 'EFH, SOI4 'OU SUNWIDO$; 'ALL' "ORA POTERON
"AIRHI0 TWN LOGWN, THN MAQHSIN 'ANAMNHSIN 'EINAI 'H= YUCHN
"ARMONIAN:
POLU MALLON, 'EFH, 'EKEINON, 'W* SWKRATE$. "ODE MEN-GAR
<P 92D>
MOI GEGONEN0 'ANEU 'APODEIXEW$ META 'EIKOTO$ TINO$ KAI 'EUPREPEIA$,
"OQEN KAI TOI$ POLLOI$ DOKEI0 'ANQRWPOI$; 'EGW DE TOI$
DIA= TWN 'EIKOTWN TA$ 'APODEIXEI$ POIOUMENOI$ LOGOI$ SUNOIDA
'OUSIN 'ALAZOSIN, KAI 'AN2 TI$ 'AUTOU$ MH FULATTHTAI, 'EU MALA
'EXAPATWSI40, KAI 'EN GEWMETRIA\ KAI 'EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$ "APASIN.
"O DE PERI= TH$ 'ANAMNHSEW$ KAI MAQHSEW$ LOGO$ DI' "UPOQESEW$
'AXIA$ 'APODEXASQAI 'EIRHTAI. 'ERRHQH GAR-POU "OUTW$ "HMWN
'EINAI "H YUCH KAI PRIN 'EI$ SWMA 'AFIKESQAI, "WSPER 'AUTH$
'ESTIN "H 'OUSIA 'ECOUSA THN 'EPWNUMIAN THN TOU* "O= 'ESTIN
<P 92E>
'EGW DE TAUTHN "W$ 'EMAUTON PEIQW0, "IKANW$ TE-KAI 'ORQW$ 'APODEDEGMAI.
'ANAGKH 'OUN MOI, "W$ 'EOIKE0, DIA= TAUTA MHTE 'EMAUTOU
MHTE 'ALLOU 'APODECESQAI LEGONTO$ "W$ YUCH 'ESTIN "ARMONIA.
TI= DE, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'W* SIMMIA, THIDE: DOKEI0 SOI4 "ARMONIA\ 'H= 'ALLHI


<P 93A>
TINI SUNQESEI PROSHKEIN 'ALLW$ PW$ 'ECEIN 'H= "W$ 'AN4 'EKEINA
'ECHI5 'EX "WN 'AN4 SUGKEHTAI:
'OUDAMW$.
'OUDE-MHN POIEIN TI, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, 'OUDE TI PASCEIN 'ALLO
PAR' "A 'AN4 'EKEINA 'H= POIHI5 'H= PASCHI5: SUNEFH.
'OUK-'A=RA "HGEISQAI GE PROSHKEI0 "ARMONIAN TOUTWN 'EX "WN 'AN4
SUNTEQHI 'ALL' "EPESQAI. SUNEDOKEI.
POLLOU 'A=RA DEI 'ENANTIA GE "ARMONIA KINHQHNAI 'AN4 'H=
FQEGXASQAI 'H= TI 'ALLO 'ENANTIWQHNAI TOI$ "AUTH$ MERESIN.
POLLOU MENTOI, 'EFH.
TI= DE: 'OUC "OUTW$ "ARMONIA PEFUKEN0 'EINAI "EKASTH "ARMONIA
"W$ 'AN4 "ARMOSQHI:
'OU MANQANW0, 'EFH.
'H= 'OUCI, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'AN2 MEN MALLON "ARMOSQHI KAI 'EPI PLEON,
<P 93B>
'EIPER 'ENDECETAI TOUTO GIGNESQAI, MALLON TE 'AN4 "ARMONIA 'EIH KAI
PLEIWN, 'EI D' "HTTON TE-KAI 'EP' 'ELATTON "HTTWN TE-KAI 'ELATTWN:
PANU GE.
'H*-'OUN 'ESTI TOUTO PERI= YUCHN, "WSTE KAI KATA TO SMIKROTATON
MALLON "ETERAN "ETERA$ YUCH$ 'EPI PLEON KAI MALLON
'H= 'EP' 'ELATTON KAI "HTTON 'AUTO TOUTO 'EINAI, YUCHN:
'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN, 'EFH.
FERE DH, 'EFH, PRO$ DIO$; LEGETAI YUCH "H MEN NOUN TE
'ECEIN KAI 'ARETHN KAI 'EINAI 'AGAQH, "H DE 'ANOIAN TE-KAI MOCQHRIAN
<P 93C>
KAI 'EINAI KAKH: KAI TAUTA 'ALHQW$ LEGETAI:
'ALHQW$ MENTOI.
TWN 'OUN QEMENWN YUCHN "ARMONIAN 'EINAI TI= TI$ FHSEI2
TAUTA 'ONTA 'EINAI 'EN TAI$ YUCAI$, THN TE 'ARETHN KAI THN
KAKIAN: POTERON "ARMONIAN 'AU TINA 'ALLHN KAI 'ANARMOSTIAN:
KAI THN MEN "HRMOSQAI, THN 'AGAQHN, KAI 'ECEIN 'EN "AUTHI
"ARMONIA\ 'OUSHI 'ALLHN "ARMONIAN, THN DE 'ANARMOSTON 'AUTHN TE
'EINAI KAI 'OUK 'ECEIN 'EN "AUTHI 'ALLHN:
'OUK 'ECW0 'EGWG', 'EFH "O SIMMIA$, 'EIPEIN; DHLON D' "OTI4
TOIAUT' 'ATT' 'AN4 LEGOI "O 'EKEINO "UPOQEMENO$.
<P 93D>
'ALLA= PROWMOLOGHTAI, 'EFH, MHDEN MALLON MHD' "HTTON
"ETERAN "ETERA$ YUCHN YUCH$ 'EINAI; TOUTO D' 'ESTI TO "OMOLOGHMA,
MHDEN MALLON MHD' 'EPI PLEON MHD' "HTTON MHD' 'EP'
'ELATTON "ETERAN "ETERA$ "ARMONIAN "ARMONIA$ 'EINAI. 'H*-GAR:
PANU GE.
THN DE-GE MHDEN MALLON MHDE "HTTON "ARMONIAN 'OUSAN MHTE
MALLON MHTE "HTTON "HRMOSQAI; 'ESTIN "OUTW$:
'ESTIN.
"H DE-MHTE MALLON MHTE "HTTON "HRMOSMENH 'ESTIN "OTI2 PLEON
'H= 'ELATTON "ARMONIA$ METECEI0, 'H= TO 'ISON:
TO 'ISON.
'OUKOU*N YUCH 'EPEIDH 'OUDEN MALLON 'OUD' "HTTON 'ALLH
<P 93E>
'ALLH$ 'AUTO TOUTO, YUCH, 'ESTIN, 'OUDE-DH MALLON 'OUDE "HTTON
"HRMOSTAI:
"OUTW.
TOUTO DE-GE PEPONQUIA 'OUDEN PLEON 'ANARMOSTIA$ 'OUDE
"ARMONIA$ METECOI 'AN4:
'OU-GAR-'OUN.
TOUTO D' 'AU PEPONQUIA 'A*R' 'AN4 TI PLEON KAKIA$ 'H= 'ARETH$
METECOI "ETE=RA "ETERA$, 'EIPER "H MEN KAKIA 'ANARMOSTIA, "H DE
'ARETH "ARMONIA 'EIH:
'OUDEN PLEON.


<P 94A>
MALLON DE-GE-POU, 'W* SIMMIA, KATA TON 'ORQON LOGON
KAKIA$ 'OUDEMIA YUCH MEQEXEI2, 'EIPER "ARMONIA 'ESTIN; "ARMONIA
GAR-DHPOU PANTELW$ 'AUTO TOUTO 'OUSA, "ARMONIA, 'ANARMOSTIA$
'OUPOT' 'AN4 METASCOI.
'OU-MENTOI.
'OUDE-GE-DHPOU YUCH, 'OUSA PANTELW$ YUCH, KAKIA$.
PW*$ GAR 'EK GE TWN PROEIRHMENWN:
'EK TOUTOU 'A=RA TOU* LOGOU "HMIN PASAI YUCAI PANTWN
ZWIWN "OMOIW$ 'AGAQAI 'ESONTAI, 'EIPER "OMOIW$ YUCAI PEFUKASIN
'AUTO TOUTO, YUCAI, 'EINAI.
'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$.
'H*-KAI KALW$ DOKEI0, 'H*-D'-"O$, "OUTW LEGESQAI, KAI PASCEIN
<P 94B>
'AN4 TAUTA "O LOGO$ 'EI 'ORQH "H "UPOQESI$ 'H*N, TO YUCHN "ARMONIAN
'EINAI:
'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN, 'EFH.
TI= DE: 'H*-D'-"O$; TWN 'EN 'ANQRWPWI PANTWN 'ESQ' "OTI2 'ALLO
LEGEI$ 'ARCEIN 'H= YUCHN 'ALLW$ TE KAI FRONIMON:
'OUK 'EGWGE.
POTERON SUGCWROUSAN TOI$ KATA TO SWMA PAQESIN 'H=-KAI
'ENANTIOUMENHN: LEGW0 DE TO TOIONDE, "OION KAUMATO$ 'ENONTO$
KAI DIYOU$ 'EPI 'TOUNANTION "ELKEIN, TO MH PINEIN, KAI PEINH$
'ENOUSH$ 'EPI TO MH 'ESQIEIN, KAI 'A=LLA MURIA POU "ORWMEN0
<P 94C>
'ENANTIOUMENHN THN YUCHN TOI$ KATA TO SWMA; 'H= 'OU=:
PANU MEN-'OUN.
'OUKOU*N 'AU "WMOLOGHSAMEN 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN MHPOT' 'AN4
'AUTHN, "ARMONIAN GE 'OUSAN, 'ENANTIA 'A\DEIN "OI$ 'EPITEINOITO
KAI CALWITO KAI YALLOITO KAI 'ALLO "OTIOUN PAQO$ PASCOI
'EKEINA 'EX "WN TUGCANOI 'OUSA, 'ALL' "EPESQAI 'EKEINOI$ KAI 'OUPOT'
'AN4 "HGEMONEUEIN:
"WMOLOGHSAMEN, 'EFH; PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
TI= 'OUN: NU*N 'OU PAN 'TOUNANTION "HMIN FAINETAI 'ERGAZOMENH,
"HGEMONEUOUSA TE 'EKEINWN PANTWN 'EX "WN FHSI TI$ 'AUTHN
<P 94D>
'EINAI, KAI 'ENANTIOUMENH 'OLIGOU PANTA DIA= PANTO$ TOU* BIOU
KAI DESPOZOUSA PANTA$ TROPOU$, TA MEN CALEPWTERON KOLAZOUSA
KAI MET' 'ALGHDONWN, TA TE KATA THN GUMNASTIKHN KAI
THN 'IATRIKHN, TA DE PRA\OTERON, KAI TA MEN 'APEILOUSA, TA DE
NOUQETOUSA, TAI$ 'EPIQUMIAI$ KAI 'ORGAI$ KAI FOBOI$ "W$ 'ALLH
'OUSA 'ALLWI PRAGMATI DIALEGOMENH: "OION POU-KAI "OMHRO$ 'EN
'ODUSSEIA\ PEPOIHKEN0, "OU LEGEI0 TON 'ODUSSEA;
STHQO$9 DE9 PLHXA$9 KRADIHN9 'HNIPAPE9 MUQWI9;
<P 94E>
TETLAQI9 DH9, KRADIH9; KAI9 KUNTERON9 'ALLO9 POT'9 'ETLH$9.
'A*R' 'OIEI 'AUTON TAUTA POIHSAI0 DIANOOUMENON "W$ "ARMONIA$
'AUTH$ 'OUSH$ KAI "OIA$ 'AGESQAI "UPO TWN TOU* SWMATO$ PAQHMATWN,
'ALL' 'OUC "OIA$ 'AGEIN TE TAUTA KAI DESPOZEIN, KAI
'OUSH$ 'AUTH$ POLU QEIOTEROU TINO$ PRAGMATO$ 'H= KAQ'
"ARMONIAN:
NH DI=A, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
'OUK-'A=RA, 'W* 'ARISTE, "HMIN 'OUDAMHI KALW$ 'ECEI0 YUCHN


<P 95A>
"ARMONIAN TINA FANAI0 'EINAI; 'OUTE-GAR 'AN4, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "OMHRWI
QEIWI POIHTHI "OMOLOGOIMEN 'OUTE 'AUTOI "HMIN-'AUTOI$.
'ECEI0 "OUTW$, 'EFH.
'EIEN DH, 'H*-D'-"O$ "O SWKRATH$, TA MEN "ARMONIA$ "HMIN TH$
QHBAIKH$ "ILEA PW$, "W$ 'EOIKE0, METRIW$ GEGONEN0; TI= DE-DH TA
KADMOU, 'EFH, 'W* KEBH$, PW*$ "ILASOMEQA KAI TI=NI LOGWI:
SU MOI DOKEI$, 'EFH "O KEBH$, 'EXEURHSEIN; TOUTONI GOUN
TON LOGON TON PRO$ THN "ARMONIAN QAUMASTW$ MOI 'EIPE$ "W$
PARA DOXAN. SIMMIOU GAR LEGONTO$ "OTE 'HPOREI, PANU 'EQAUMAZON
<P 95B>
'EI TI "EXEI2 TI$ CRHSASQAI TW*I LOGWI 'AUTOU4; PANU 'OUN
MOI 'ATOPW$ 'EDOXEN 'EUQU$ THN PRWTHN 'EFODON 'OU DEXASQAI
TOU* SOU2 LOGOU. 'TAUTA DH 'OUK 'AN4 QAUMASAIMI KAI TON TOU*
KADMOU LOGON 'EI PAQOI.
'WGAQE, 'EFH "O SWKRATH$, MH MEGA LEGE, MH TI$ "HMIN
BASKANIA PERITREYHI6 TON LOGON TON MELLONTA 'ESESQAI.
'ALLA=-DH TAUTA MEN TW*I QEWI MELHSEI2, "HMEI$ DE "OMHRIKW$
'EGGU$ 'IONTE$ PEIRWMEQA2 'EI 'A=RA TI LEGEI$. 'ESTI DE-DH TO
KEFALAION "WN ZHTEI$; 'AXIOI$0 'EPIDEICQHNAI "HMWN THN YUCHN
<P 95C>
'ANWLEQRON TE-KAI 'AQANATON 'OUSAN, 'EI FILOSOFO$ 'ANHR MELLWN
'APOQANEISQAI, QARRWN TE-KAI "HGOUMENO$ 'APOQANWN 'EKEI
'EU PRAXEIN DIAFERONTW$ 'H= 'EI 'EN 'ALLWI BIWI BIOU$ 'ETELEUTA,
MH 'ANOHTON TE-KAI 'HLIQION QARRO$ QARRHSEI2. TO DE 'APOFAINEIN
"OTI4 'ISCURON TI 'ESTIN "H YUCH KAI QEOEIDE$ KAI 'H*N 'ETI
PROTERON, PRIN "HMA$ 'ANQRWPOU$ GENESQAI, 'OUDEN KWLUEIN
FH=I$ PANTA TAUTA MHNUEIN 'AQANASIAN MEN MH, "OTI4 DE POLUCRONION
TE 'ESTIN YUCH KAI 'H*N POU PROTERON 'AMHCANON "OSON
CRONON KAI 'HIDEI TE-KAI 'EPRATTEN POLLA 'ATTA; 'ALLA=-GAR
<P 95D>
'OUDEN TI MALLON 'H*N 'AQANATON, 'ALLA=-KAI 'AUTO TO 'EI$ 'ANQRWPOU
SWMA 'ELQEIN 'ARCH 'H*N 'AUTHI 'OLEQROU, "WSPER NOSO$;
KAI TALAIPWROUMENH TE-DH TOUTON TON BION ZWIH KAI TELEUTWSA
GE 'EN TW*I KALOUMENWI QANATWI 'APOLLUOITO. DIAFEREIN DE-DH
FH=I$ 'OUDEN 'EITE "APAX 'EI$ SWMA 'ERCETAI 'EITE POLLAKI$, PRO$
GE TO "EKASTON "HMWN FOBEISQAI; PROSHKEI0 GAR FOBEISQAI,
'EI MH 'ANOHTO$ 'EIH, TW*I MH 'EIDOTI MHDE 'ECONTI LOGON DIDONAI
<P 95E>
"W$ 'AQANATON 'ESTI. TOIAUT' 'ATTA 'ESTIN, 'OIMAI, 'W* KEBH$, "A
LEGEI$; KAI 'EXEPITHDE$ POLLAKI$ 'ANALAMBANW0, "INA MH TI
DIAFUGHI6 "HMA$, 'EI TE TI BOULEI, PROSQHI$ 'H= 'AFELHI$.
KAI "O KEBH$, 'ALL' 'OUDEN 'EGWGE 'EN TW*I PARONTI, 'EFH,
'OUTE 'AFELEIN 'OUTE PROSQEINAI DEOMAI; 'ESTI DE TAUTA "A
LEGW0.
"O 'OUN SWKRATH$ SUCNON CRONON 'EPISCWN KAI PRO$ "EAUTON
TI SKEYAMENO$, 'OU FAULON PRAGMA, 'EFH, 'W* KEBH$, ZHTEI$;
"OLW$ GAR DEI PERI= GENESEW$ KAI FQORA$ THN 'AITIAN DIAPRAGMATEUSASQAI.


<P 96A>
'EGW 'OUN SOI4 DIEIMI PERI= 'AUTWN, 'EA=N
BOULHI3, TA GE 'EMA PAQH; 'EPEITA 'AN2 TI SOI4 CRHSIMON
FAINHTAI "WN 'AN4 LEGW3, PRO$ THN PEIQW PERI= "WN DH LEGEI$
CRHSHI2.
'ALLA=-MHN, 'EFH "O KEBH$, BOULOMAI GE.
'AKOUE TOINUN "W$ 'EROUNTO$2. 'EGW GAR, 'EFH, 'W* KEBH$,
NEO$ 'WN QAUMASTW$ "W$ 'EPEQUMHSA TAUTH$ TH$ SOFIA$ "HN
DH KALOUSI0 PERI= FUSEW$ "ISTORIAN; "UPERHFANO$ GAR MOI
'EDOKEI 'EINAI, 'EIDENAI TA$ 'AITIA$ "EKASTOU, DIA= TI= GIGNETAI
"EKASTON KAI DIA= TI= 'APOLLUTAI KAI DIA= TI= 'ESTI. KAI POLLAKI$
<P 96B>
'EMAUTON 'ANW KATW METEBALLON SKOPWN PRWTON TA TOIADE;
'A*R' 'EPEIDAN TO QERMON KAI TO YUCRON SHPEDONA TINA
LABHI6, "W$ TINE$ 'ELEGON, TO=TE DH TA ZWIA SUNTREFETAI: KAI
POTERON TO "AIMA 'ESTIN "WI FRONOUMEN, 'H= "O 'AHR 'H= TO PUR: 'H=
TOUTWN MEN 'OUDEN, "O D' 'EGKEFALO$ 'ESTIN "O TA$ 'AISQHSEI$
PARECWN TOU* 'AKOUEIN KAI "ORAN KAI 'OSFRAINESQAI, 'EK TOUTWN
DE GIGNOITO MNHMH KAI DOXA, 'EK DE MNHMH$ KAI DOXH$ LABOUSH$
TO 'HREMEIN, KATA TAUTA GIGNESQAI 'EPISTHMHN: KAI
'AU TOUTWN TA$ FQORA$ SKOPWN, KAI TA PERI= TON 'OURANON
<P 96C>
TE-KAI THN GHN PAQH, TELEUTWN "OUTW$ 'EMAUTWI 'EDOXA PRO$
TAUTHN THN SKEYIN 'AFUH$ 'EINAI "W$ 'OUDEN CRHMA. TEKMHRION
DE SOI4 'ERW2 "IKANON; 'EGW GAR "A KAI PROTERON SAFW$
'HPISTAMHN, "W$ GE 'EMAUTWI KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ 'EDOKOUN, TO=TE
"UPO TAUTH$ TH$ SKEYEW$ "OUTW SFODRA 'ETUFLWQHN, "WSTE
'APEMAQON KAI TAUTA "A PRO TOU* 'WIMHN 'EIDENAI, PERI= 'ALLWN TE
POLLWN KAI DIA= TI= 'ANQRWPO$ 'AUXANETAI. TOUTO GAR 'WIMHN
PRO TOU* PANTI DHLON 'EINAI, "OTI4 DIA= TO 'ESQIEIN KAI PINEIN;
<P 96D>
'EPEIDAN GAR 'EK TWN SITIWN TAI$ MEN SARXI SARKE$ PROSGENWNTAI,
TOI$ DE 'OSTOI$ 'OSTA, KAI "OUTW KATA TON 'AUTON
LOGON KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ TA 'AUTWN 'OIKEI*A "EKASTOI$ PROSGENHTAI,
TO=TE DH TON 'OLIGON 'OGKON 'ONTA "USTERON POLUN GEGONENAI,
KAI "OUTW GIGNESQAI TON SMIKRON 'ANQRWPON MEGAN. "OUTW$
TO=TE 'WIMHN; 'OU DOKW0 SOI4 METRIW$:
'EMOIGE, 'EFH "O KEBH$.
SKEYAI DH-KAI TADE 'ETI. 'WIMHN GAR "IKANW$ MOI DOKEIN,
"OPOTE TI$ FAINOITO 'ANQRWPO$ PARASTA$ MEGA$ SMIKRWI MEIZWN
<P 96E>
'EINAI 'AUTHI THI KEFALHI, KAI "IPPO$ "IPPOU; KAI 'ETI GE TOUTWN
'ENARGE=STERA, TA DEKA MOI 'EDOKEI TWN 'OKTW PLEONA 'EINAI DIA=
TO DUO 'AUTOI$ PROSEINAI, KAI TO DIPHCU TOU* PHCUAIOU MEIZON
'EINAI DIA= TO "HMISEI 'AUTOU4 "UPERECEIN.
NU*N DE-DH, 'EFH "O KEBH$, TI= SOI4 DOKEI0 PERI= 'AUTWN:
PORRW POU, 'EFH, NH DI=A 'EME 'EINAI TOU* 'OIESQAI PERI=
TOUTWN TOU THN 'AITIAN 'EIDENAI, "O$ GE 'OUK 'APODECOMAI 'EMAUTOU
'OUDE "W$ 'EPEIDAN "ENI TI$ PROSQHI6 "EN, 'H= TO "EN "WI PROSETEQH
DUO GEGONEN0, 'H=7 TO7 PROSTEQEN7, 'H= TO PROSTEQEN KAI "WI PROSETEQH


<P 97A>
DIA= THN PROSQESIN TOU* "ETEROU TW*I "ETERWI DUO 'EGENETO;
QAUMAZW0 GAR 'EI "OTE MEN "EKATERON 'AUTWN CWRI$ 'ALLHLWN
'H*N, "EN 'A=RA "EKATERON 'H*N KAI 'OUK 'HSTHN TO=TE DUO, 'EPEI D'
'EPLHSIASAN 'ALLHLOI$, "AU=TH 'A=RA 'AITIA 'AUTOI$ 'EGENETO TOU* DUO
GENESQAI, "H SUNODO$ TOU* PLHSION 'ALLHLWN TEQHNAI. 'OUDE-GE
"W$ 'EA=N TI$ "EN DIASCISHI6, DUNAMAI 'ETI PEIQESQAI "W$ "AU=TH
'AU 'AITIA GEGONEN0, "H SCISI$, TOU* DUO GEGONENAI; 'ENANTIA GAR
<P 97B>
GIGNETAI 'H= TO=TE 'AITIA TOU* DUO GIGNESQAI. TO=TE MEN-GAR "OTI4
SUNHGETO PLHSION 'ALLHLWN KAI PROSETIQETO "ETERON "ETERWI,
NU*N D' "OTI4 'APAGETAI KAI CWRIZETAI "ETERON 'AF' "ETEROU. 'OUDE-GE
DI' "OTI2 "EN GIGNETAI "W$ 'EPISTAMAI, 'ETI PEIQW0 'EMAUTON,
'OUD' 'ALLO 'OUDEN "ENI LOGWI DI' "OTI2 GIGNETAI 'H= 'APOLLUTAI 'H=
'ESTI, KATA TOUTON TON TROPON TH$ MEQODOU, 'ALLA= TIN' 'ALLON
TROPON 'AUTO$ 'EIKHI FURW0, TOUTON DE 'OUDAMHI PROSIEMAI.
'ALL' 'AKOUSA$ MEN POTE 'EK BIBLIOU TINO$, "W$ 'EFH, 'ANAXAGOROU
<P 97C>
'ANAGIGNWSKONTO$, KAI LEGONTO$ "W$ 'A=RA NOU$ 'ESTIN "O
DIAKOSMWN TE-KAI PANTWN 'AITIO$, TAUTHI DH THI 'AITIA\ "HSQHN TE-KAI
'EDOXE MOI TROPON TINA 'EU 'ECEIN TO TON NOUN 'EINAI PANTWN
'AITION, KAI "HGHSAMHN, 'EI TOUQ' "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, TON GE NOUN
KOSMOUNTA PANTA KOSMEIN KAI "EKASTON TIQENAI TAUTHI "OPHI
'AN4 BELTISTA 'ECHI5; 'EI 'OUN TI$ BOULOITO THN 'AITIAN "EUREIN
PERI= "EKASTOU "OPHI GIGNETAI 'H= 'APOLLUTAI 'H= 'ESTI, TOUTO DEIN
PERI= 'AUTOU4 "EUREIN, "OPHI BELTISTON 'AUTWI 'ESTIN 'H= 'EINAI 'H=
<P 97D>
'ALLO "OTIOUN PASCEIN 'H= POIEIN; 'EK DE-DH TOU* LOGOU TOUTOU
'OUDEN 'ALLO SKOPEIN PROSHKEIN 'ANQRWPWI KAI PERI= 'AUTOU4 'EKEINOU
KAI PERI= TWN 'ALLWN 'ALL'-'H= TO 'ARISTON KAI TO BELTISTON.
'ANAGKAION DE 'EINAI TON 'AUTON TOUTON KAI TO CEIRON 'EIDENAI;
THN 'AUTHN GAR 'EINAI 'EPISTHMHN PERI= 'AUTWN. TAUTA DH
LOGIZOMENO$ "ASMENO$ "HURHKENAI 'WIMHN DIDASKALON TH$ 'AITIA$
PERI= TWN 'ONTWN0 KATA NOUN 'EMAUTWI, TON 'ANAXAGORAN, KAI
MOI FRASEIN PRWTON MEN POTERON "H GH PLATEIA 'ESTIN 'H=
<P 97E>
STROGGULH, 'EPEIDH DE FRASEIEN, 'EPEKDIHGHSESQAI THN 'AITIAN
KAI THN 'ANAGKHN LEGONTA TO 'AMEINON KAI "OTI4 'AUTHN 'AMEINON
'H*N TOIAUTHN 'EINAI; KAI 'EI 'EN MESWI FAIH 'EINAI 'AUTHN, 'EPEKDIHGHSESQAI
"W$ 'AMEINON 'H*N 'AUTHN 'EN MESWI 'EINAI; KAI 'EI MOI


<P 98A>
TAUTA 'APOFAINOI, PARESKEUASMHN "W$ 'OUKETI POQESOMENO$
'AITIA$ 'ALLO 'EIDO$. KAI-DH-KAI PERI= "HLIOU "OUTW PARESKEUASMHN
"WSAUTW$ PEUSOMENO$, KAI SELHNH$ KAI TWN 'ALLWN
'ASTRWN, TACOU$ TE PE=RI PRO$ 'ALLHLA KAI TROPWN KAI TWN
'ALLWN PAQHMATWN, PH*I POTE TAUT' 'AMEINON 'ESTIN "EKASTON
KAI POIEIN KAI PASCEIN "A PASCEI0. 'OU-GAR 'AN4 POTE 'AUTON
'WIMHN, FASKONTA GE "UPO NOU 'AUTA KEKOSMHSQAI, 'ALLHN TINA
'AUTOI$ 'AITIAN 'EPENEGKEIN 'H= "OTI4 BELTISTON 'AUTA "OUTW$ 'ECEIN
<P 98B>
'ESTIN "WSPER 'ECEI0; "EKASTWI 'OUN 'AUTWN 'APODIDONTA THN 'AITIAN
KAI KOINHI PASI TO "EKASTWI BELTISTON 'WIMHN KAI TO KOINON
PASIN 'EPEKDIHGHSESQAI 'AGAQON; KAI 'OUK 'AN4 'APEDOMHN POLLOU
TA$ 'ELPIDA$, 'ALLA= PANU SPOUDHI LABWN TA$ BIBLOU$ "W$
TACISTA "OIO$-T'-'H*2 'ANEGIGNWSKON, "IN' "W$ TACISTA 'EIDEIHN TO
BELTISTON KAI TO CEIRON.
'APO DH QAUMASTH$ 'ELPIDO$, 'W* "ETAIRE, 'WICOMHN FEROMENO$,
'EPEIDH PROIWN KAI 'ANAGIGNWSKWN "ORW0 'ANDRA TW*I MEN NWI
'OUDEN CRWMENON 'OUDE TINA$ 'AITIA$ 'EPAITIWMENON 'EI$ TO
<P 98C>
DIAKOSMEIN TA PRAGMATA, 'AERA$ DE-KAI 'AIQERA$ KAI "UDATA
'AITIWMENON KAI 'A=LLA POLLA KAI 'ATOPA. KAI MOI 'EDOXEN
"OMOIOTATON PEPONQENAI "WSPER 'AN4 'EI TI$ LEGWN "OTI4 SWKRATH$
PANTA "OSA PRATTEI0 NWI PRATTEI0, 'KAPEITA 'EPICEIRHSA$ LEGEIN
TA$ 'AITIA$ "EKASTWN "WN PRATTW0, LEGOI PRWTON MEN "OTI4 DIA=
TAUTA NU*N 'ENQADE KAQHMAI, "OTI4 SUGKEITAI MOU TO SWMA 'EX
'OSTWN KAI NEURWN, KAI TA MEN 'OSTA 'ESTIN STEREA KAI
DIAFUA$ 'ECEI0 CWRI$ 'AP' 'ALLHLWN, TA DE NEURA "OI*A 'EPITEINESQAI
<P 98D>
KAI 'ANIESQAI, PERIAMPECONTA TA 'OSTA META TWN
SARKWN KAI DERMATO$ "O= SUNECEI0 'AUTA; 'AIWROUMENWN 'OUN TWN
'OSTWN 'EN TAI$ "AUTWN SUMBOLAI$ CALWNTA KAI SUNTEINONTA
TA NEURA KAMPTESQAI POU POIEI0 "OION-T'-'EINAI 'EME NU*N TA
MELH, KAI DIA= TAUTHN THN 'AITIAN SUGKAMFQEI$ 'ENQADE KAQHMAI;
KAI 'AU PERI= TOU* DIALEGESQAI "UMIN "ETERA$ TOIAUTA$
'AITIA$ LEGOI, FWNA$ TE-KAI 'AERA$ KAI 'AKOA$ KAI 'A=LLA MURIA
<P 98E>
TOIAUTA 'AITIWMENO$, 'AMELHSA$ TA$ "W$ 'ALHQW$ 'AITIA$ LEGEIN,
"OTI4, 'EPEIDH 'AQHNAIOI$ 'EDOXE BELTION 'EINAI 'EMOU4 KATAYHFISASQAI,
DIA= TAUTA DH-KAI 'EMOI4 BELTION 'AU DEDOKTAI 'ENQADE
KAQHSQAI, KAI DIKAIOTERON PARAMENONTA "UPECEIN THN DIKHN
"HN 'AN4 KELEUSWSIN; 'EPEI NH TON KUNA, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, PALAI 'AN4


<P 99A>
TAUTA TA NEURA KAI TA 'OSTA 'H= PERI= MEGARA 'H= BOIWTOU$ 'H*N,
"UPO DOXH$ FEROMENA TOU* BELTISTOU, 'EI MH DIKAIOTERON 'WIMHN
KAI KALLION 'EINAI PRO TOU* FEUGEIN TE-KAI 'APODIDRASKEIN
"UPECEIN THI POLEI DIKHN "HNTIN' 'AN4 TATTHI4. 'ALL' 'AITIA MEN
TA TOIAUTA KALEIN0 LIAN 'ATOPON; 'EI DE TI$ LEGOI "OTI4 'ANEU
TOU* TA TOIAUTA 'ECEIN KAI 'OSTA KAI NEURA KAI "OSA 'A=LLA 'ECW0
'OUK 'AN4 "OIO$-T'-'H*2 POIEIN TA DOXANTA MOI, 'ALHQH 'AN4 LEGOI; "W$
MENTOI DIA= TAUTA POIW0 "A POIW0, KAI TAUTA NWI PRATTWN, 'ALL' 'OU
<P 99B>
THI TOU* BELTISTOU "AIRESEI, POLLH 'AN4 KAI MAKRA "RA\QUMIA 'EIH
TOU* LOGOU. TO GAR MH DIELESQAI "OION-T'-'EINAI "OTI4 'ALLO MEN
TI 'ESTI TO 'AITION TW*I-'ONTI, 'ALLO DE 'EKEINO 'ANEU "OU TO 'AITION
'OUK 'AN4 POT' 'EIH 'AITION; "O= DH MOI FAINONTAI YHLAFWNTE$ "OI
POLLOI "WSPER 'EN SKOTEI, 'ALLOTRIWI 'ONOMATI PROSCRWMENOI,
"W$ 'AITION 'AUTO PROSAGOREUEIN. DIO DH-KAI "O MEN TI$ DINHN
PERITIQEI$ THI GHI "UPO TOU* 'OURANOU MENEIN0 DH POIEI0 THN GHN,
"O DE "WSPER KARDOPWI PLATEIA\ BAQRON TON 'AERA "UPEREIDEI0;
<P 99C>
THN DE TOU* "W$ "OION-TE BELTISTA 'AUTA TEQHNAI DUNAMIN "OUTW
NU*N KEISQAI, TAUTHN 'OUTE ZHTOUSIN0 'OUTE TINA 'OIONTAI DAIMONIAN
'ISCUN 'ECEIN, 'ALLA= "HGOUNTAI TOUTOU 'ATLANTA 'AN4
POTE 'ISCUROTERON KAI 'AQANATWTERON KAI MALLON "APANTA
SUNECONTA 'EXEUREIN, KAI "W$ 'ALHQW$ TO 'AGAQON KAI DEON
SUNDEIN KAI SUNECEIN 'OUDEN 'OIONTAI. 'EGW MEN-'OUN TH$
TOIAUTH$ 'AITIA$ "OPHI POTE 'ECEI0 MAQHTH$ "OTOUOUN "HDIST' 'AN4
GENOIMHN; 'EPEIDH DE TAUTH$ 'ESTERHQHN KAI-'OUT' 'AUTO$ "EUREIN
'OUTE PAR' 'ALLOU MAQEIN "OIO$-TE-'EGENOMHN, TON DEUTERON
<P 99D>
PLOUN 'EPI THN TH$ 'AITIA$ ZHTHSIN "HI PEPRAGMATEUMAI BOULEI
SOI4, 'EFH, 'EPIDEIXIN POIHSWMAI, 'W* KEBH$:
"UPERFUW$ MEN-'OUN, 'EFH, "W$ BOULOMAI.
'EDOXE TOINUN MOI, 'H*-D'-"O$, META TAUTA, 'EPEIDH 'APEIRHKH
TA 'ONTA SKOPWN, DEIN 'EULABHQHNAI MH PAQOIMI "OPER "OI TON
"HLION 'EKLEIPONTA QEWROUNTE$ KAI SKOPOUMENOI PASCOUSIN0;
DIAFQEIRONTAI GAR-POU 'ENIOI TA 'OMMATA, 'EA=N MH 'EN "UDATI 'H=
<P 99E>
TINI TOIOUTWI SKOPWNTAI THN 'EIKONA 'AUTOU4. TOIOUTON TI KAI
'EGW DIENOHQHN, KAI 'EDEISA MH PANTAPASI THN YUCHN TUFLWQEIHN
BLEPWN PRO$ TA PRAGMATA TOI$ 'OMMASI KAI "EKASTHI
TWN 'AISQHSEWN 'EPICEIRWN "APTESQAI 'AUTWN. 'EDOXE DH MOI
CRHNAI0 'EI$ TOU$ LOGOU$ KATAFUGONTA 'EN 'EKEINOI$ SKOPEIN
TW*N 'ONTWN0 THN 'ALHQEIAN. 'ISW$ MEN-'OUN "WI 'EIKAZW0 TROPON


<P 100A>
TINA 'OUK 'EOIKEN0; 'OU-GAR PANU SUGCWRW0 TON 'EN TOI$8 LOGOI$
SKOPOUMENON TA 'ONTA 'EN 'EIKOSI MALLON SKOPEIN 'H= TON 'EN
TOI$8 'ERGOI$. 'ALL'-'OUN-DH TAUTHI GE "WRMHSA, KAI "UPOQEMENO$
"EKASTOTE LOGON "ON 'AN4 KRINW3 'ERRWMENESTATON 'EINAI, "A MEN
'AN4 MOI DOKHI5 TOUTWI SUMFWNEIN TIQHMI "W$ 'ALHQH 'ONTA, KAI
PERI= 'AITIA$ KAI PERI= TWN 'ALLWN "APANTWN 'ONTWN80, "A D' 'AN4
MH, "W$ 'OUK 'ALHQH. BOULOMAI DE SOI4 SAFESTERON 'EIPEIN
"A LEGW0; 'OIMAI GAR SE NU*N 'OU MANQANEIN.
'OU MA TON DI=A, 'EFH "O KEBH$, 'OU SFODRA.
<P 100B>
'ALL', 'H*-D'-"O$, "WDE LEGW0, 'OUDEN KAINON, 'ALL' "APER 'AEI
TE 'ALLOTE KAI 'EN TW*I PARELHLUQOTI LOGWI 'OUDEN PEPAUMAI
LEGWN. 'ERCOMAI GAR8-DH 'EPICEIRWN SOI4 'EPIDEIXASQAI TH$
'AITIA$ TO 'EIDO$ "O= PEPRAGMATEUMAI, KAI 'EI*MI PALIN 'EP' 'EKEINA
TA POLUQRULHTA KAI 'ARCOMAI 'AP' 'EKEINWN, "UPOQEMENO$ 'EINAI
TI KALON 'AUTO KAQ' "AUTO KAI 'AGAQON KAI MEGA KAI 'TALLA
PANTA; "A 'EI MOI DIDW$ TE-KAI SUGCWREI$ 'EINAI TAUTA, 'ELPIZW0
SOI4 'EK TOUTWN THN 'AITIAN 'EPIDEIXEIN KAI 'ANEURHSEIN "W$
'AQANATON "H8 YUCH.
<P 100C>
'ALLA=-MHN, 'EFH "O KEBH$, "W$ DIDONTO$ SOI4 'OUK 'AN4
FQANOI$ PERAINWN.
SKOPEI5 DH, 'EFH, TA "EXH$ 'EKEINOI$ 'EA=N SOI4 SUNDOKHI5 "WSPER
'EMOI4. FAINETAI GAR MOI, 'EI TI 'ESTIN 'ALLO KALON PLHN 'AUTO
TO KALON, 'OUDE DI' "EN 'ALLO KALON 'EINAI 'H= DIOTI METECEI0
'EKEINOU TOU* KALOU; KAI PANTA DH "OUTW$ LEGW0. THI TOIA*IDE
'AITIA\ SUGCWREI$:
SUGCWRW0, 'EFH.
'OU-TOINUN, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'ETI MANQANW0 'OUDE DUNAMAI TA$ 'ALLA$
'AITIA$ TA$ SOFA$ TAUTA$ GIGNWSKEIN; 'ALL' 'EA=N TI$ MOI LEGHI5
<P 100D>
DI' "OTI2 KALON 'ESTIN "OTIOUN, 'H= CRWMA 'EUANQE$ 'ECON 'H= SCHMA
'H= 'ALLO "OTIOUN TWN TOIOUTWN, TA MEN 'A=LLA CAIREIN 'EW0?*
TARATTOMAI GAR 'EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$ PASI % TOUTO DE "APLW$ KAI
'ATECNW$ KAI 'ISW$ 'EUHQW$ 'ECW0 PAR' 'EMAUTWI, "OTI4 'OUK 'ALLO TI
POIEI0 'AUTO KALON 'H= "H 'EKEINOU TOU* KALOU 'EITE PAROUSIA 'EITE
KOINWNIA 'EITE "OPHI DH-KAI "OPW$ PROSGENOMENH88; 'OU-GAR 'ETI
TOUTO DIISCURIZOMAI, 'ALL' "OTI4 TW*I KALWI PANTA TA KALA
GIGNETAI8 KALA. TOUTO GAR MOI DOKEI0 'ASFALESTATON 'EINAI
KAI 'EMAUTWI 'APOKRINASQAI KAI 'ALLWI, KAI TOUTOU 'ECOMENO$
<P 100E>
"HGOUMAI 'OUK 'AN4 POTE PESEIN, 'ALL' 'ASFALE$ 'EINAI KAI 'EMOI4
KAI "OTWIOUN 'ALLWI 'APOKRINASQAI "OTI4 TW*I KALWI TA KALA
GIGNETAI8 KALA; 'H= 'OU KAI SOI4 DOKEI0:
DOKEI0.
KAI MEGEQEI 'A=RA TA MEGALA MEGALA KAI TA MEIZW MEIZW,
KAI SMIKROTHTI TA 'ELATTW 'ELATTW:
NAI.
'OUDE SU 'A=R' 'AN4 'APODECOIO 'EI TI$ TINA FAIH "ETERON "ETEROU
THI KEFALHI MEIZW 'EINAI, KAI TON 'ELATTW TW*I 'AUTWI TOUTWI


<P 101A>
'ELATTW, 'ALLA= DIAMARTUROIO 'AN4 "OTI4 SU MEN 'OUDEN 'ALLO LEGEI$
'H= "OTI4 TO MEIZON PAN "ETERON "ETEROU 'OUDENI 'ALLWI MEIZON 'ESTIN
'H= MEGEQEI, KAI DIA= TOUTO MEIZON, DIA= TO MEGEQO$, TO DE
'ELATTON 'OUDENI 'ALLWI 'ELATTON 'H= SMIKROTHTI, KAI DIA= TOUTO
'ELATTON, DIA= THN SMIKROTHTA, FOBOUMENO$ 'OIMAI MH TI$ SOI4
'ENANTIO$ LOGO$ 'APANTHSHI6, 'EA=N THI KEFALHI MEIZONA TINA FH*I$
'EINAI KAI 'ELATTW, PRWTON MEN TW*I 'AUTWI TO MEIZON MEIZON 'EINAI
KAI TO 'ELATTON 'ELATTON, 'EPEITA THI KEFALHI SMIKRA*I 'OUSHI TON
<P 101B>
MEIZW MEIZW 'EINAI, KAI TOUTO DH TERA$ 'EINAI, TO SMIKRWI TINI
MEGAN TINA 'EINAI; 'H= 'OUK 'AN4 FOBOIO TAUTA:
KAI "O KEBH$ GELASA$, 'EGWGE, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*-D'-"O$, TA DEKA TWN 'OKTW DUOIN PLEIW 'EINAI, KAI
DIA= TAUTHN THN 'AITIAN "UPERBALLEIN, FOBOIO 'AN4 LEGEIN, 'ALLA=
MH PLHQEI KAI DIA= TO PLHQO$: KAI TO DIPHCU TOU* PHCUAIOU
"HMISEI MEIZON 'EINAI 'ALL' 'OU MEGEQEI: "O 'AUTO$ GAR-POU FOBO$.
PANU G', 'EFH.
TI= DE: "ENI "ENO$ PROSTEQENTO$ THN PROSQESIN 'AITIAN 'EINAI
<P 101C>
TOU* DUO GENESQAI 'H= DIASCISQENTO$ THN SCISIN 'OUK 'EULABOIO
'AN4 LEGEIN: KAI MEGA 'AN4 BOWIH$ "OTI4 'OUK 'OISQA 'ALLW$ PW$
"EKASTON GIGNOMENON 'H= METASCON TH$ 'IDIA$ 'OUSIA$ "EKASTOU
"OU 'AN4 METASCHI6, KAI 'EN TOUTOI$ 'OUK 'ECEI$ 'ALLHN TINA 'AITIAN
TOU* DUO GENESQAI 'ALL'-'H= THN TH$ DUADO$ METASCESIN, KAI
DEIN TOUTOU METASCEIN TA MELLONTA DUO 'ESESQAI, KAI MONADO$
"O= 'AN4 MELLHI5 "EN 'ESESQAI, TA$ DE SCISEI$ TAUTA$ KAI PROSQESEI$
KAI TA$ 'ALLA$ TA$ TOIAUTA$ KOMYEIA$ 'EWIH$ 'AN4 CAIREIN, PAREI$
'APOKRINASQAI TOI$ SEAUTOU SOFWTEROI$; SU DE DEDIW$ 'AN4, TO
<P 101D>
LEGOMENON, THN SAUTOU SKIAN KAI THN 'APEIRIAN, 'ECOMENO$
'EKEINOU TOU* 'ASFALOU$ TH$ "UPOQESEW$, "OUTW$ 'APOKRINAIO 'AN4.
'EI DE TI$ 'AUTH$ TH$ "UPOQESEW$ 'ECOITO, CAIREIN 'EWIH$ 'AN4 KAI
'OUK 'APOKRINAIO "EW$ 'AN4 TA 'AP' 'EKEINH$ "ORMHQENTA SKEYAIO
'EI SOI4 'ALLHLOI$ SUMFWNEI0 'H= DIAFWNEI0; 'EPEIDH DE 'EKEINH$
'AUTH$ DEOI SE DIDONAI LOGON "WSAUTW$ 'AN4 DIDOIH$, 'ALLHN 'AU
"UPOQESIN "UPOQEMENO$ "HTI$ TWN 'ANWQEN BELTISTH FAINOITO,
<P 101E>
"EW$ 'EPI TI "IKANON 'ELQOI$, "AMA DE 'OUK 'AN4 FUROIO "WSPER "OI
'ANTILOGIKOI PERI= TE TH$ 'ARCH$ DIALEGOMENO$ KAI TWN 'EX
'EKEINH$ "WRMHMENWN, 'EIPER BOULOIO TI TWN 'ONTWN0 "EUREIN:
'EKEINOI$ MEN-GAR 'ISW$ 'OUDE "EI$ PERI= TOUTOU LOGO$ 'OUDE
FRONTI$; "IKANOI GAR "UPO SOFIA$ "OMOU PANTA KUKWNTE$ "OMW$
DUNASQAI 'AUTOI "AUTOI$ 'ARESKEIN; SU D', 'EIPER 'EI*0 TWN FILOSOFWN,


<P 102A>
'OIMAI 'AN4 "W$ 'EGW LEGW0 POIOI*$.
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH, LEGEI$, "O TE SIMMIA$ "AMA KAI "O KEBH$.
EC _ NH DI=A, 'W* FAIDWN, 'EIKOTW$ GE; QAUMASTW$ GAR
MOI DOKEI0 "W$ 'ENARGW$ TW*I KAI SMIKRON NOUN 'ECONTI 'EIPEIN
'EKEINO$ TAUTA.
FAID _ PANU MEN-'OUN, 'W* 'ECEKRATE$, KAI PASI TOI$
PAROUSIN 'EDOXEN.
EC _ KAI-GAR "HMIN TOI$ 'APOUSI, NU*N DE 'AKOUOUSIN4. 'ALLA=
TI=NA DH 'H*N TA META TAUTA LECQENTA:
FAID _ "W$ MEN 'EGW 'OIMAI, 'EPEI 'AUTWI TAUTA SUNECWRHQH,
<P 102B>
KAI "WMOLOGEITO 'EINAI TI "EKASTON TWN 'EIDWN KAI TOUTWN
'TALLA METALAMBANONTA 'AUTWN TOUTWN THN 'EPWNUMIAN 'ISCEIN,
TO DH META TAUTA 'HRWTA, 'EI DH, 'H*-D'-"O$, TAUTA "OUTW$ LEGEI$,
'A*R' 'OUC, "OTAN SIMMIAN SWKRATOU$ FH*I$ MEIZW 'EINAI, FAIDWNO$
DE 'ELATTW, LEGEI$ TO=T' 'EINAI 'EN TW*I SIMMIA\ 'AMFO=TERA, KAI
MEGEQO$ KAI SMIKROTHTA:
'EGWGE.
'ALLA=-GAR, 'H*-D'-"O$, "OMOLOGEI$ TO TON SIMMIAN "UPERECEIN
SWKRATOU$ 'OUC "W$ TOI$ "RHMASI LEGETAI "OUTW KAI TO 'ALHQE$
<P 102C>
'ECEIN: 'OU-GAR-POU PEFUKENAI SIMMIAN "UPERECEIN TOUTWI, TW*I
SIMMIAN 'EINAI, 'ALLA= TW*I MEGEQEI "O= TUGCANEI0 'ECWN; 'OUD' 'AU
SWKRATOU$ "UPERECEIN "OTI4 SWKRATH$ "O SWKRATH$ 'ESTIN, 'ALL'
"OTI4 SMIKROTHTA 'ECEI0 "O SWKRATH$ PRO$ TO 'EKEINOU MEGEQO$:
'ALHQH.
'OUDE-GE 'AU "UPO FAIDWNO$ "UPERECESQAI TW*I "OTI4 FAIDWN
"O FAIDWN 'ESTIN, 'ALL' "OTI4 MEGEQO$ 'ECEI0 "O FAIDWN PRO$ THN
SIMMIOU SMIKROTHTA:
'ESTI TAUTA.
"OUTW$ 'A=RA "O SIMMIA$ 'EPWNUMIAN 'ECEI0 SMIKRO$ TE-KAI
MEGA$ 'EINAI, 'EN MESWI 'WN 'AMFOTERWN, TOU* MEN TW*I MEGEQEI
<P 102D>
"UPERECEIN THN SMIKROTHTA "UPECWN, TW*I DE TO MEGEQO$ TH$
SMIKROTHTO$ PARECWN "UPERECON. KAI "AMA MEIDIASA$, 'EOIKA,
'EFH, KAI SUGGRAFIKW$ 'EREIN2, 'ALL'-'OUN 'ECEI0 GE-POU "W$ LEGW0.
SUNEFH.
LEGW0 DH TOUD' "ENEKA, BOULOMENO$ DOXAI0 SOI4 "OPER 'EMOI4.
'EMOI4 GAR FAINETAI 'OU MONON 'AUTO TO MEGEQO$ 'OUDEPOT' 'EQELEIN
"AMA MEGA KAI SMIKRON 'EINAI, 'ALLA=-KAI TO 'EN "HMIN MEGEQO$
'OUDEPOTE PROSDECESQAI TO SMIKRON 'OUD' 'EQELEIN "UPERECESQAI,
'ALLA= DUOIN TO "ETERON, 'H= FEUGEIN KAI "UPEKCWREIN "OTAN 'AUTWI
<P 102E>
PROSIHI5 TO 'ENANTION, TO SMIKRON, 'H= PROSELQONTO$ 'EKEINOU
'APOLWLENAI; "UPOMENON DE-KAI DEXAMENON THN SMIKROTHTA
'OUK 'EQELEIN 'EINAI "ETERON 'H= "OPER 'H*N. "WSPER 'EGW DEXAMENO$
KAI "UPOMEINA$ THN SMIKROTHTA, KAI 'ETI 'WN "OSPER 'EIMI, "OUTO$
"O 'AUTO$ SMIKRO$ 'EIMI; 'EKEINO DE 'OU TETOLMHKEN0 MEGA 'ON
SMIKRON 'EINAI; "W$ D' "AUTW$ KAI TO SMIKRON TO 'EN "HMIN 'OUK
'EQELEI0 POTE MEGA GIGNESQAI 'OUDE 'EINAI, 'OUD' 'ALLO 'OUDEN TWN
'ENANTIWN, 'ETI 'ON "OPER 'H*N, "AMA 'TOUNANTION GIGNESQAI TE-KAI


<P 103A>
'EINAI, 'ALL' 'HTOI 'APERCETAI 'H= 'APOLLUTAI 'EN TOUTWI TW*I
PAQHMATI.
PANTAPASIN, 'EFH "O KEBH$, "OUTW FAINETAI MOI.
KAI TI$ 'EI*PE TWN PARONTWN0 'AKOUSA$ % "OSTI$ D' 'H*N, 'OU
SAFW$ MEMNHMAI % PRO$ QEWN, 'OUK 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN "HMIN
LOGOI$ 'AUTO TO 'ENANTION TWN NUNI LEGOMENWN "WMOLOGEITO, 'EK
TOU* 'ELATTONO$ TO MEIZON GIGNESQAI KAI 'EK TOU* MEIZONO$ TO
'ELATTON, KAI 'ATECNW$ "AU=TH 'EINAI "H GENESI$ TOI$ 'ENANTIOI$,
'EK TWN 'ENANTIWN: NU*N DE MOI DOKEI0 LEGESQAI "OTI4 TOUTO 'OUK
'AN4 POTE GENOITO.
KAI "O SWKRATH$ PARABALWN THN KEFALHN KAI 'AKOUSA$,
<P 103B>
'ANDRIKW$, 'EFH, 'APEMNHMONEUKA$, 'OU-MENTOI 'ENNOEI$ TO
DIAFERON TOU* TE NU*N LEGOMENOU KAI TOU* TO=TE. TO=TE MEN-GAR
'ELEGETO 'EK TOU* 'ENANTIOU PRAGMATO$ TO 'ENANTION PRAGMA
GIGNESQAI, NU*N DE, "OTI4 'AUTO TO 'ENANTION "EAUTWI 'ENANTION 'OUK
'AN4 POTE GENOITO, 'OUTE TO 'EN "HMIN 'OUTE TO 'EN THI FUSEI.
TO=TE MEN-GAR, 'W* FILE, PERI= TWN 'ECONTWN0 TA 'ENANTIA 'ELEGOMEN,
'EPONOMAZONTE$ 'AUTA THI 'EKEINWN 'EPWNUMIA\, NU*N DE PERI=
'EKEINWN 'AUTWN "WN 'ENONTWN0 'ECEI0 THN 'EPWNUMIAN TA 'ONOMAZOMENA;
<P 103C>
'AUTA D' 'EKEINA 'OUK 'AN4 POTE FAMEN 'EQELHSAI0 GENESIN
'ALLHLWN DEXASQAI. KAI "AMA BLEYA$ PRO$ TON KEBHTA
'EI*PEN, 'A*RA MH POU, 'W* KEBH$, 'EFH, KAI SE TI TOUTWN
'ETARAXEN "WN "ODE 'EI*PEN:
'OUD' 'AU, 'EFH "O KEBH$, "OUTW$ 'ECW0; KAITOI 'OUTI LEGW0
"W$ 'OU POLLA ME TARATTEI0.
SUNWMOLOGHKAMEN 'A=RA, 'H*-D'-"O$, "APLW$ TOUTO, MHDEPOTE
'ENANTION "EAUTWI TO 'ENANTION 'ESESQAI.
PANTAPASIN, 'EFH.
'ETI DH MOI KAI TODE SKEYAI, 'EFH, 'EI 'A=RA SUNOMOLOGHSEI$.
QERMON TI KALEI$0 KAI YUCRON:
'EGWGE.
'A*R' "OPER CIONA KAI PUR:
<P 103D>
MA DI=' 'OUK 'EGWGE.
'ALL' "ETERON TI PURO$ TO QERMON KAI "ETERON TI CIONO$ TO
YUCRON:
NAI.
'ALLA= TODE G' 'OIMAI DOKEI0 SOI4, 'OUDEPOTE CIONA G' 'OUSAN
DEXAMENHN TO QERMON, "WSPER 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN 'ELEGOMEN,
'ETI 'ESESQAI "OPER 'H*N, CIONA KAI QERMON, 'ALLA= PROSIONTO$
TOU* QERMOU 'H= "UPEKCWRHSEIN 'AUTWI 'H= 'APOLEISQAI.
PANU GE.
KAI TO PUR GE 'AU PROSIONTO$ TOU* YUCROU 'AUTWI 'H=
"UPEXIENAI 'H= 'APOLEISQAI, 'OU-MENTOI POTE TOLMHSEIN DEXAMENON
THN YUCROTHTA 'ETI 'EINAI "OPER 'H*N, PUR KAI YUCRON.
<P 103E>
'ALHQH, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
'ESTIN 'A=RA, 'H*-D'-"O$, PERI= 'ENIA TWN TOIOUTWN, "WSTE MH
MONON 'AUTO TO 'EIDO$ 'AXIOUSQAI TOU* "AUTOU 'ONOMATO$ 'EI$ TON
'AEI CRONON, 'ALLA=-KAI 'ALLO TI "O= 'ESTI MEN 'OUK 'EKEINO, 'ECEI0
DE THN 'EKEINOU MORFHN 'AEI, "OTANPER 'HI. 'ETI DE 'EN TWIDE
'ISW$ 'ESTAI SAFESTERON "O= LEGW0; TO GAR PERITTON 'AEI POU
DEI TOUTOU TOU* 'ONOMATO$ TUGCANEIN "OPER NU*N LEGOMEN; 'H= 'OU=:
PANU GE.
'A*RA MONON TWN 'ONTWN0 % TOUTO GAR 'ERWTW0 % 'H=-KAI 'ALLO


<P 104A>
TI "O= 'ESTI MEN 'OUC "OPER TO PERITTON, "OMW$ DE DEI 'AUTO
META TOU* "EAUTOU 'ONOMATO$ KAI TOUTO KALEIN0 'AEI DIA= TO "OUTW
PEFUKENAI "WSTE TOU* PERITTOU MHDEPOTE 'APOLEIPESQAI: LEGW0
DE 'AUTO 'EINAI "OION KAI "H TRIA$ PEPONQE0 KAI 'A=LLA POLLA.
SKOPEI5 DE PERI= TH$ TRIADO$. 'A*RA 'OU DOKEI0 SOI4 TW*I TE "AUTH$
'ONOMATI 'AEI PROSAGOREUTEA 'EINAI KAI TW*I TOU* PERITTOU, 'ONTO$
'OUC "OPER TH$ TRIADO$: 'ALL' "OMW$ "OUTW$ PEFUKE0 KAI "H
TRIA$ KAI "H PEMPTA$ KAI "O "HMISU$ TOU* 'ARIQMOU "APA$, "WSTE
<P 104B>
'OUK 'WN "OPER TO PERITTON 'AEI "EKASTO$ 'AUTWN 'ESTI PERITTO$;
KAI 'AU TA DUO KAI TA8 TETTARA KAI "APA$ "O "ETERO$ 'AU STICO$
TOU* 'ARIQMOU 'OUK 'WN "OPER TO 'ARTION "OMW$ "EKASTO$ 'AUTWN
'ARTIO$ 'ESTIN 'AEI; SUGCWREI$ 'H= 'OU=:
PW*$ GAR 'OU=K: 'EFH.
"O= TOINUN, 'EFH, BOULOMAI DHLWSAI0, 'AQREI5. 'ESTIN DE
TODE, "OTI4 FAINETAI 'OU MONON 'EKEINA TA 'ENANTIA 'ALLHLA 'OU
DECOMENA, 'ALLA=-KAI "OSA 'OUK 'ONT' 'ALLHLOI$ 'ENANTIA 'ECEI0 'AEI
'TANANTIA, 'OUDE TAUTA 'EOIKE0 DECOMENOI$ 'EKEINHN THN 'IDEAN "H=
'AN4 THI 'EN 'AUTOI$ 'OUSHI 'ENANTIA 'HI, 'ALL' 'EPIOUSH$ 'AUTH$ 'HTOI
<P 104C>
'APOLLUMENA 'H= "UPEKCWROUNTA. 'H= 'OU FHSOMEN TA TRIA KAI
'APOLEISQAI PROTERON KAI 'ALLO "OTIOUN PEISESQAI, PRIN "UPOMEINAI0
'ETI TRIA 'ONTA 'A=RTIA GENESQAI:
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH "O KEBH$.
'OUDE-MHN, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'ENANTION GE 'ESTI DUA$ TRIADI.
'OU-GAR-'OUN.
'OUK-'A=RA MONON TA 'EIDH TA 'ENANTIA 'OUC "UPOMENEI0 'EPIONTA
'ALLHLA, 'ALLA=-KAI 'A=LL'0 'ATTA TA 'ENANTIA 'OUC "UPOMENEI0
'EPIONTA.
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
BOULEI 'OUN, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'EA=N "OIOI-T'-'WMEN, "ORISWMEQA "OPOI*A
TAUTA 'ESTIN:
PANU GE.
<P 104D>
'A*R'-'OUN, 'EFH, 'W* KEBH$, TADE 'EIH 'AN4, "A "OTI2 'AN4 KATASCHI6
MH MONON 'ANAGKAZEI0 THN "AUTOU 'IDEAN 'AUTO 'ISCEIN, 'ALLA=-KAI
'ENANTIOU 'AUTWI 'AEI TINO$:
PW*$ LEGEI$:
"WSPER 'ARTI 'ELEGOMEN. 'OISQA GAR-DHPOU "OTI4 "A 'AN4 "H TWN
TRIWN 'IDEA KATASCHI6, 'ANAGKH 'AUTOI$ 'OU MONON TRISIN 'EINAI
'ALLA=-KAI PERITTOI$.
PANU GE.
'EPI TO TOIOUTON DH, FAMEN, "H 'ENANTIA 'IDEA 'EKEINHI THI
MORFHI "H= 'AN4 TOUTO 'APERGAZHTAI 'OUDEPOT' 'AN4 'ELQOI.
'OU-GAR.
'EIRGAZETO DE-GE "H PERITTH:
NAI.
'ENANTIA DE TAUTHI "H TOU* 'ARTIOU:
NAI.
<P 104E>
'EPI TA TRIA 'A=RA "H TOU* 'ARTIOU 'IDEA 'OUDEPOTE "HXEI2.
'OU-DHTA.
'AMOIRA DH TOU* 'ARTIOU TA TRIA.
'AMOIRA.
'ANARTIO$ 'A=RA "H TRIA$
NAI.
"O= TOINUN 'ELEGON "ORISASQAI, POI*A 'OUK 'ENANTIA TINI 'ONTA
"OMW$ 'OU DECETAI 'AUTO, TO 'ENANTION % "OION NU*N "H TRIA$ TW*I
'ARTIWI 'OUK 'OUSA 'ENANTIA 'OUDEN TI MALLON 'AUTO DECETAI, TO
GAR 'ENANTION 'AEI 'AUTWI 'EPIFEREI0, KAI "H DUA$ TW*I PERITTWI KAI


<P 105A>
TO PUR TW*I YUCRWI KAI 'A=LLA PAMPOLLA % 'ALL' "ORA DH 'EI
"OUTW$ "ORIZHI0 MH MONON TO 'ENANTION TO 'ENANTION MH DECESQAI,
'ALLA=-KAI 'EKEINO, "O= 'AN4 'EPIFERHI5 TI 'ENANTION 'EKEINWI, 'EF' "OTI2
'AN4 'AUTO 'IHI5 'AUTO TO 'EPIFERON THN TOU* 'EPIFEROMENOU 'ENANTIOTHTA
MHDEPOTE DEXASQAI. PALIN DE 'ANAMIMNHISKOU; 'OU-GAR
CEIRON POLLAKI$ 'AKOUEIN. TA PENTE THN TOU* 'ARTIOU
'OU DEXETAI, 'OUDE TA DEKA THN TOU* PERITTOU, TO DIPLASION.
TOUTO MEN-'OUN-KAI 'AUTO 'ALLWI 'ENANTION, "OMW$ DE THN
<P 105B>
TOU* PERITTOU 'OU DEXETAI; 'OUDE-DH TO "HMIOLION 'OUDE 'TALLA
TA TOIAUTA, TO "HMISU, THN TOU* "OLOU, KAI TRITHMORION 'AU
KAI PANTA TA TOIAUTA, 'EIPER "EPHI0 TE-KAI SUNDOKEI0 SOI4 "OUTW$.
PANU SFODRA KAI SUNDOKEI0, 'EFH, KAI "EPOMAI.
PALIN DH MOI, 'EFH, 'EX 'ARCH$ LEGE. KAI MH MOI "O= 'AN4
'ERWTW3 'APOKRINOU, 'ALLA= MIMOUMENO$ 'EME. LEGW0 DH PAR' "HN
TO PRWTON 'ELEGON 'APOKRISIN, THN 'ASFALH 'EKEINHN, 'EK TWN
NU*N LEGOMENWN 'ALLHN "ORWN 'ASFALEIAN. 'EI GAR 'EROIO ME
"WI 'AN4 TI= 'EN TW*I SWMATI 'EGGENHTAI QERMON 'ESTAI, 'OU THN
<P 105C>
'ASFALH SOI4 'ERW2 'APOKRISIN 'EKEINHN THN 'AMAQH, "OTI4 "WI 'AN4
QERMOTH$, 'ALLA= KOMYOTERAN 'EK TWN NU*N, "OTI4 "WI 'AN4 PUR; 'OUDE
'AN2 'ERHI3 "WI 'AN4 SWMATI TI= 'EGGENHTAI NOSHSEI2, 'OUK 'ERW2 "OTI4
"WI 'AN4 NOSO$, 'ALL' "WI 'AN4 PURETO$; 'OUD' "WI 'AN4 'ARIQMWI TI=
'EGGENHTAI PERITTO$ 'ESTAI, 'OUK 'ERW2 "WI 'AN4 PERITTOTH$, 'ALL'
"WI 'AN4 MONA$, KAI 'TALLA "OUTW$. 'ALL' "ORA 'EI 'HDH "IKANW$
'OISQ' "OTI2 BOULOMAI.
'ALLA= PANU "IKANW$, 'EFH.
'APOKRINOU DH, 'H*-D'-"O$, "WI 'AN4 TI= 'EGGENHTAI SWMATI ZWN
'ESTAI:
"WI 'AN4 YUCH, 'EFH.
<P 105D>
'OUKOU*N 'AEI TOUTO "OUTW$ 'ECEI0:
PW*$ GAR 'OUCI: 'H*-D'-"O$.
YUCH 'A=RA "OTI2 'AN4 'AUTH KATASCHI6, 'AEI "HKEI0 'EP' 'EKEINO
FEROUSA ZWHN:
"HKEI0 MENTOI, 'EFH.
POTERON D' 'ESTI TI ZWHI 'ENANTION 'H= 'OUDEN:
'ESTIN, 'EFH.
TI=:
QANATO$.
'OUKOU*N YUCH TO 'ENANTION "WI 'AUTH 'EPIFEREI0 'AEI 'OU MH
POTE DEXHTAI, "W$ 'EK TWN PROSQEN "WMOLOGHTAI:
KAI MALA SFODRA, 'EFH "O KEBH$.
TI= 'OUN: TO MH DECOMENON THN TOU* 'ARTIOU 'IDEAN TI= NUNDH
'WNOMAZOMEN:
'ANARTION, 'EFH.
TO DE DIKAION MH DECOMENON KAI "O= 'AN4 MOUSIKON MH DECHTAI:
<P 105E>
'AMOUSON, 'EFH, TO DE 'ADIKON.
'EIEN; "O= D' 'AN4 QANATON MH DECHTAI TI= KALOUMEN0:
'AQANATON, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N YUCH 'OU DECETAI QANATON:
'OU=.
'AQANATON 'A=RA YUCH.
'AQANATON.
'EIEN, 'EFH; TOUTO MEN-DH 'APODEDEICQAI FWMEN: 'H= PW*$ DOKEI0:
KAI MALA GE "IKANW$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
TI= 'OUN, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'W* KEBH$: 'EI TW*I 'ANARTIWI 'ANAGKAION 'H*N


<P 106A>
'ANWLEQRWI 'EINAI, 'ALLO TI TA TRIA 'H= 'ANWLEQRA 'AN4 'H*N:
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
'OUKOU*N 'EI KAI TO 'AQERMON 'ANAGKAION 'H*N 'ANWLEQRON 'EINAI,
"OPOTE TI$ 'EPI CIONA QERMON 'EPAGOI, "UPEXHIEI 'AN4 "H CIWN 'OUSA
SW$ KAI 'ATHKTO$: 'OU-GAR 'AN4 'APWLETO GE, 'OUD' 'AU "UPOMENOUSA0
'EDEXATO 'AN4 THN QERMOTHTA.
'ALHQH, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
"W=$ D' 'AUTW$ 'OIMAI 'KAN4 'EI TO 'AYUKTON 'ANWLEQRON 'H*N,
"OPOTE 'EPI TO PUR YUCRON TI 'EPHIEI, 'OUPOT' 'AN4 'APESBENNUTO
'OUD' 'APWLLUTO, 'ALLA= SWN 'AN4 'APELQON 'WICETO.
'ANAGKH, 'EFH.
<P 106B>
'OUKOU*N-KAI "WDE, 'EFH, 'ANAGKH PERI= TOU* 'AQANATOU 'EIPEIN:
'EI MEN TO 'AQANATON KAI 'ANWLEQRON 'ESTIN, 'ADUNATON YUCHI,
"OTAN QANATO$ 'EP' 'AUTHN 'IHI5, 'APOLLUSQAI; QANATON MEN-GAR-DH
'EK TWN PROEIRHMENWN 'OU DEXETAI 'OUD' 'ESTAI TEQNHKUIA,
"WSPER TA TRIA 'OUK 'ESTAI, 'EFAMEN, 'ARTION, 'OUDE-G' 'AU TO
PERITTON, 'OUDE-DH PUR YUCRON, 'OUDE-GE "H 'EN TW*I PURI QERMOTH$.
'ALLA= TI= KWLUEI0, FAIH 'AN4 TI$, 'ARTION MEN TO
PERITTON MH GIGNESQAI 'EPIONTO$ TOU* 'ARTIOU, "WSPER "WMOLOGHTAI,
<P 106C>
'APOLOMENOU DE 'AUTOU4 'ANT' 'EKEINOU 'ARTION GEGONENAI:
TW*I TAUTA LEGONTI 'OUK 'AN4 'ECOIMEN DIAMACESASQAI "OTI4 'OUK
'APOLLUTAI; TO GAR 'ANARTION 'OUK 'ANWLEQRON 'ESTIN; 'EPEI 'EI
TOUTO "WMOLOGHTO "HMIN, "RA\DIW$ 'AN4 DIEMACOMEQA "OTI4 'EPELQONTO$
TOU* 'ARTIOU TO PERITTON KAI TA TRIA 'OICETAI 'APIONTA;
KAI PERI= PURO$ KAI QERMOU KAI TWN 'ALLWN "OUTW$ 'AN4 DIEMACOMEQA.
'H= 'OU=:
PANU MEN-'OUN.
'OUKOU*N-KAI NU*N PERI= TOU* 'AQANATOU, 'EI MEN "HMIN "OMOLOGEITAI
KAI 'ANWLEQRON 'EINAI, YUCH 'AN4 'EIH PRO$ TW*I 'AQANATO$ 'EINAI
<P 106D>
KAI 'ANWLEQRO$; 'EI DE MH, 'ALLOU 'AN4 DEOI LOGOU.
'ALL' 'OUDEN DEI, 'EFH, TOUTOU GE "ENEKA; SCOLHI GAR 'AN4
TI 'ALLO FQORAN MH DECOITO, 'EI TO GE 'AQANATON 'AIDION 'ON
FQORAN DEXETAI.
"O DE-GE QEO$ 'OIMAI, 'EFH "O SWKRATH$, KAI 'AUTO TO TH$
ZWH$ 'EIDO$ KAI 'EI TI 'ALLO 'AQANATON 'ESTIN, PARA PANTWN 'AN4
"OMOLOGHQEIH MHDEPOTE 'APOLLUSQAI.
PARA PANTWN MENTOI NH DI=', 'EFH, 'ANQRWPWN TE-GE-KAI
'ETI MALLON, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, PARA QEWN.
<P 106E>
"OPOTE DH TO 'AQANATON KAI 'ADIAFQORON 'ESTIN, 'ALLO
TI YUCH 'H=, 'EI 'AQANATO$ TUGCANEI0 'OUSA, KAI 'ANWLEQRO$
'AN4 'EIH:
POLLH 'ANAGKH.
'EPIONTO$ 'A=RA QANATOU 'EPI TON 'ANQRWPON TO MEN QNHTON,
"W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'AUTOU4 'APOQNHISKEI0, TO D' 'AQANATON SWN KAI
'ADIAFQORON 'OICETAI 'APION, "UPEKCWRHSAN TW*I QANATWI.
FAINETAI.
PANTO$ MALLON 'A=RA, 'EFH, 'W* KEBH$, YUCH 'AQANATON KAI


<P 107A>
'ANWLEQRON, KAI TW*I-'ONTI 'ESONTAI "HMWN "AI YUCAI 'EN "AIDOU.
'OU=KOUN 'EGWGE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EFH, 'ECW0 PARA TAUTA 'ALLO
TI LEGEIN 'OUDE PHI 'APISTEIN TOI$ LOGOI$. 'ALL' 'EI DH TI
SIMMIA$ "ODE 'H= TI$ 'ALLO$ 'ECEI0 LEGEIN, 'EU 'ECEI0 MH KATASIGHSAI0;
"W$ 'OUK 'OIDA 'EI$ "ONTINA TI$ 'ALLON KAIRON 'ANABALLOITO
'H= TON NU*N PARONTA, PERI= TWN TOIOUTWN BOULOMENO$ 'H= TI
'EIPEIN 'H= 'AKOUSAI0.
'ALLA=-MHN, 'H*-D'-"O$ "O SIMMIA$, 'OUD' 'AUTO$ 'ECW0 'ETI "OPHI
'APISTW30 'EK GE TWN LEGOMENWN; "UPO MENTOI TOU* MEGEQOU$ PERI=
<P 107B>
"WN "OI LOGOI 'EISIN, KAI THN 'ANQRWPINHN 'ASQENEIAN 'ATIMAZWN,
'ANAGKAZOMAI 'APISTIAN 'ETI 'ECEIN PAR' 'EMAUTWI PERI= TWN
'EIRHMENWN.
'OU MONON G', 'EFH, 'W* SIMMIA, "O SWKRATH$, 'ALLA= TAUTA
TE 'EU LEGEI$ KAI TA$ GE "UPOQESEI$ TA$ PRWTA$, KAI 'EI
PISTAI "UMIN 'EISIN, "OMW$ 'EPISKEPTEAI SAFESTERON; KAI 'EA=N
'AUTA$ "IKANW$ DIELHTE, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, 'AKOLOUQHSETE TW*I LOGWI,
KAQ' "OSON DUNATON MALIST' 'ANQRWPWI 'EPAKOLOUQHSAI0; 'KAN2
TOUTO 'AUTO SAFE$ GENHTAI, 'OUDEN ZHTHSETE PERAITERW.
'ALHQH, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
<P 107C>
'ALLA= TODE G', 'EFH, 'W* 'ANDRE$, DIKAION DIANOHQHNAI, "OTI4,
'EIPER "H YUCH 'AQANATO$, 'EPIMELEIA$ DH DEITAI 'OUC "UPER TOU*
CRONOU TOUTOU MONON 'EN "WI KALOUMEN0 TO ZHN, 'ALL' "UPER TOU*
PANTO$, KAI "O KINDUNO$ NU*N DH-KAI DOXEIEN 'AN4 DEINO$ 'EINAI,
'EI TI$ 'AUTH$ 'AMELHSEI2. 'EI MEN-GAR 'H*N "O QANATO$ TOU* PANTO$
'APALLAGH, "ERMAION 'AN4 'H*N TOI$ KAKOI$ 'APOQANOUSI TOU* TE
SWMATO$ "AM' 'APHLLACQAI KAI TH$ "AUTWN KAKIA$ META TH$
YUCH$; NU*N D' 'EPEIDH 'AQANATO$ FAINETAI 'OUSA, 'OUDEMIA 'AN4
<P 107D>
'EIH 'AUTHI 'ALLH 'APOFUGH KAKWN 'OUDE SWTHRIA PLHN TOU* "W$
BELTISTHN TE-KAI FRONIMWTATHN GENESQAI. 'OUDEN GAR 'ALLO
'ECOUSA 'EI$ "AIDOU "H YUCH 'ERCETAI PLHN TH$ PAIDEIA$ TE-KAI
TROFH$, "A DH-KAI MEGISTA LEGETAI 'WFELEIN 'H= BLAPTEIN TON
TELEUTHSANTA 'EUQU$ 'EN 'ARCHI TH$ 'EKEISE POREIA$. LEGETAI
DE "OUTW$, "W$ 'A=RA TELEUTHSANTA "EKASTON "O "EKASTOU DAIMWN,
"OSPER ZWNTA 'EILHCEI, "OUTO$ 'AGEIN 'EPICEIREI0 'EI$ DH TINA
TOPON, "OI*4 DEI TOU$ SULLEGENTA$ DIADIKASAMENOU$ 'EI$ "AIDOU
<P 107E>
POREUESQAI META "HGEMONO$ 'EKEINOU "WI DH PROSTETAKTAI TOU$
'ENQENDE 'EKEISE POREUSAI0; TUCONTA$ DE 'EKEI "WN DH TUCEIN
KAI MEINANTA$ "ON CRH CRONON 'ALLO$ DEURO PALIN "HGEMWN
KOMIZEI0 'EN POLLAI$ CRONOU KAI MAKRAI$ PERIODOI$. 'ESTI DE-'A=RA
"H POREIA 'OUC "W$ "O 'AISCULOU THLEFO$ LEGEI0; 'EKEINO$


<P 108A>
MEN-GAR "APLHN9 'OIMON9 FHSIN 'EI$9 "AIDOU9 FEREIN9, "H D'-'OUTE
"APLH 'OUTE MIA FAINETAI MOI 'EINAI. 'OUDE-GAR 'AN4 "HGEMONWN
'EDEI; 'OU-GAR-POU TI$ 'AN4 DIAMARTOI 'OUDAMOSE MIA$ "ODOU
'OUSH$. NU*N DE 'EOIKE0 SCISEI$ TE-KAI TRIODOU$ POLLA$ 'ECEIN;
'APO TWN QUSIWN TE-KAI NOMIMWN TWN 'ENQADE TEKMAIROMENO$
LEGW0. "H MEN-'OUN KOSMI=A TE-KAI FRONIMO$ YUCH "EPETAI TE-KAI
'OUK 'AGNOEI0 TA PARONTA; "H D' 'EPIQUMHTIKW$ TOU* SWMATO$
'ECOUSA, "OPER 'EN TW*I 'EMPROSQEN 'EIPON, PERI= 'EKEINO POLUN
<P 108B>
CRONON 'EPTOHMENH KAI PERI= TON "ORATON TOPON, POLLA
'ANTITEINASA KAI POLLA PAQOUSA, BIA\ KAI MOGI$ "UPO TOU*
PROSTETAGMENOU DAIMONO$ 'OICETAI 'AGOMENH. 'AFIKOMENHN DE
"OQIPER "AI 'ALLAI, THN MEN 'AKAQARTON KAI TI PEPOIHKUIAN
TOIOUTON, 'H= FONWN 'ADIKWN "HMMENHN 'H= 'A=LL' 'ATTA TOIAUTA
'EIRGASMENHN, "A TOUTWN 'ADELFA TE-KAI 'ADELFWN YUCWN 'ERGA
TUGCANEI0 'ONTA, TAUTHN MEN "APA$ FEUGEI0 TE-KAI "UPEKTREPETAI
KAI-'OUTE SUNEMPORO$ 'OUTE "HGEMWN 'EQELEI0 GIGNESQAI 'AUTH
<P 108C>
DE PLANATAI0 'EN PASHI 'ECOMENH 'APORIA\ "EW$ 'AN4 DH TINE$
CRONOI GENWNTAI, "WN 'ELQONTWN3 "UP' 'ANAGKH$ FERETAI 'EI$ THN
'AUTHI PREPOUSAN 'OIKHSIN; "H DE KAQARW$ TE-KAI METRIW$ TON
BION DIEXELQOUSA, KAI SUNEMPORWN KAI "HGEMONWN QEWN
TUCOUSA, 'WIKHSEN TON 'AUTHI "EKASTH TOPON PROSHKONTA. 'EISIN
DE POLLOI KAI QAUMASTOI TH$ GH$ TOPOI, KAI 'AUTH 'OUTE "OI=A
'OUTE "OSH DOXAZETAI "UPO TWN PERI= GH$ 'EIWQOTWN LEGEIN, "W$
'EGW "UPO TINO$ PEPEISMAI.
<P 108D>
KAI "O SIMMIA$, PW*$ TAUTA, 'EFH, LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$:
PERI= GAR-TOI GH$ KAI 'AUTO$ POLLA DH 'AKHKOA, 'OU-MENTOI
TAUTA "A SE PEIQEI0; "HDEW$ 'OUN 'AN4 'AKOUSAIMI.
'ALLA=-MENTOI, 'W* SIMMIA, 'OUC "H GLAUKOU TECNH GE MOI
DOKEI0 'EINAI DIHGHSASQAI "A G' 'ESTIN; "W$ MENTOI 'ALHQH,
CALEPWTERON MOI FAINETAI 'H= KATA THN GLAUKOU TECNHN, KAI
"AMA MEN 'EGW 'ISW$ 'OUD' 'AN4 "OIO$-TE-'EIHN, "AMA DE, 'EI KAI
'HPISTAMHN, "O BIO$ MOI DOKEI0 "O 'EMO$, 'W* SIMMIA, TW*I MHKEI
TOU* LOGOU 'OUK 'EXARKEIN. THN MENTOI 'IDEAN TH$ GH$ "OIAN
<P 108E>
PEPEISMAI 'EINAI, KAI TOU$ TOPOU$ 'AUTH$ 'OUDEN ME KWLUEI0
LEGEIN.
'ALL', 'EFH "O SIMMIA$, KAI TAUTA 'ARKEI0.
PEPEISMAI TOINUN, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'EGW "W$ PRWTON MEN, 'EI 'ESTIN
'EN MESWI TW*I 'OURANWI PERIFERH$ 'OUSA, MHDEN 'AUTHI DEIN MHTE


<P 109A>
'AERO$ PRO$ TO MH PESEIN MHTE 'ALLH$ 'ANAGKH$ MHDEMIA$
TOIAUTH$, 'ALLA= "IKANHN 'EINAI 'AUTHN 'ISCEIN THN "OMOIOTHTA
TOU* 'OURANOU 'AUTOU4 "EAUTWI PANTHI KAI TH$ GH$ 'AUTH$ THN
'ISORROPIAN; 'ISORROPON GAR PRAGMA "OMOIOU TINO$ 'EN MESWI
TEQEN 'OUC "EXEI2 MALLON 'OUD' "HTTON 'OUDAMOSE KLIQHNAI,
"OMOIW$ D' 'ECON 'AKLINE$ MENEI2. PRWTON MEN-TOINUN, 'H*-D'-"O$,
TOUTO PEPEISMAI.
KAI 'ORQW$ GE, 'EFH "O SIMMIA$.
'ETI TOINUN, 'EFH, PAMMEGA TI 'EINAI 'AUTO, KAI "HMA$ 'OIKEIN
<P 109B>
TOU$ MECRI "HRAKLEIWN STHLWN 'APO FASIDO$ 'EN SMIKRWI
TINI MORIWI, "WSPER PERI= TELMA MURMHKA$ 'H= BATRACOU$ PERI=
THN QALATTAN 'OIKOUNTA$, KAI 'ALLOU$ 'ALLOQI POLLOU$ 'EN
POLLOISI TOIOUTOI$ TOPOI$ 'OIKEIN. 'EINAI GAR PANTACHI PERI=
THN GHN POLLA KOILA KAI PANTODAPA KAI TA$ 'IDEA$ KAI TA
MEGEQH, 'EI$ "A SUNERRUHKENAI TO TE "UDWR KAI THN "OMICLHN
KAI TON 'AERA; 'AUTHN DE THN GHN KAQARAN 'EN KAQARWI KEISQAI
TW*I 'OURANWI 'EN "WIPER 'ESTI TA 'ASTRA, "ON DH 'AIQERA 'ONOMAZEIN
<P 109C>
TOU$ POLLOU$ TWN PERI= TA TOIAUTA 'EIWQOTWN LEGEIN; "OU DH
"UPOSTAQMHN TAUTA 'EINAI KAI SURREIN 'AEI 'EI$ TA KOILA TH$
GH$. "HMA$ 'OUN 'OIKOUNTA$ 'EN TOI$ KOILOI$ 'AUTH$ LELHQENAI
KAI 'OIESQAI 'ANW 'EPI TH$ GH$ 'OIKEIN, "WSPER 'AN4 'EI TI$ 'EN
MESWI TW*I PUQMENI TOU* PELAGOU$ 'OIKWN 'OIOITO TE 'EPI TH$
QALATTH$ 'OIKEIN KAI DIA= TOU* "UDATO$ "ORWN TON "HLION KAI TA
'A=LLA 'ASTRA THN QALATTAN "HGOITO 'OURANON 'EINAI, DIA= DE
<P 109D>
BRADUTHTA TE-KAI 'ASQENEIAN MHDEPWPOTE 'EPI TA 'AKRA TH$
QALATTH$ 'AFIGMENO$ MHDE "EWRAKW$ 'EIH, 'EKDU$ KAI 'ANAKUYA$
'EK TH$ QALATTH$ 'EI$ TON 'ENQADE TOPON, "OSWI KAQARWTERO$
KAI KALLIWN TUGCANEI0 'WN TOU* PARA SFISI, MHDE 'ALLOU
'AKHKOW$ 'EIH TOU* "EWRAKOTO$. 'TAUTON DH TOUTO KAI "HMA$
PEPONQENAI; 'OIKOUNTA$ GAR 'EN TINI KOILWI TH$ GH$ 'OIESQAI
'EPANW 'AUTH$ 'OIKEIN, KAI TON 'AERA 'OURANON KALEIN0, "W$ DIA=
TOUTOU 'OURANOU 'ONTO$ TA 'ASTRA CWROUNTA; TO DE 'EINAI 'TAUTON,
<P 109E>
"UP' 'ASQENEIA$ KAI BRADUTHTO$ 'OUC "OIOU$-TE-'EINAI "HMA$
DIEXELQEIN 'EP' 'ESCATON TON 'AERA; 'EPEI, 'EI TI$ 'AUTOU4 'EP' 'AKRA
'ELQOI 'H= PTHNO$ GENOMENO$ 'ANAPTOITO, KATIDEIN 'AN74 'ANAKUYANTA,
"WSPER 'ENQADE "OI 'EK TH$ QALATTH$ 'ICQUE$ 'ANAKUPTONTE$
"ORWSI0 TA 'ENQADE, "OUTW$ 'AN4 TINA KAI TA 'EKEI KATIDEIN,
KAI 'EI "H FUSI$ "IKANH 'EIH 'ANASCESQAI QEWROUSA, GNWNAI0 'AN4
"OTI4 'EKEINO$ 'ESTIN "O 'ALHQW$ 'OURANO$ KAI TO 'ALHQINON FW$


<P 110A>
KAI "H "W$ 'ALHQW$ GH. "HDE MEN-GAR "H GH KAI "OI LIQOI KAI
"APA$ "O TOPO$ "O 'ENQADE DIEFQARMENA 'ESTIN KAI KATABEBRWMENA,
"WSPER TA 'EN THI QALATTHI "UPO TH$ "ALMH$, KAI-'OUTE
FUETAI 'AXION LOGOU 'OUDEN 'EN THI QALATTHI, 'OUTE TELEION "W$
'EPO$ 'EIPEIN 'OUDEN 'ESTI, SHRAGGE$ DE-KAI 'AMMO$ KAI PHLO$
'AMHCANO$ KAI BORBOROI 'EISIN, "OPOU 'AN4 KAI "H8 GH 'HI, KAI
PRO$ TA PAR' "HMIN KALLH KRINESQAI 'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN 'AXIA.
'EKEINA DE 'AU TWN PAR' "HMIN POLU 'AN4 'ETI PLEON FANEIH DIAFEREIN;
<P 110B>
'EI GAR-DH-KAI MUQON LEGEIN KALON, 'AXION 'AKOUSAI0, 'W*
SIMMIA, "OI*A TUGCANEI0 TA 'EPI TH$ GH$ "UPO TW*I 'OURANWI 'ONTA.
'ALLA=-MHN, 'EFH "O SIMMIA$, 'W* SWKRATE$, "HMEI$ GE TOUTOU
TOU* MUQOU "HDEW$ 'AN4 'AKOUSAIMEN.
LEGETAI TOINUN, 'EFH, 'W* "ETAIRE, PRWTON MEN 'EINAI TOIAUTH
"H GH 'AUTH 'IDEIN, 'EI TI$ 'ANWQEN QEWITO, "WSPER "AI DWDEKASKUTOI
SFAIRAI, POIKILH, CRWMASIN DIEILHMMENH, "WN KAI TA
'ENQADE 'EINAI CRWMATA "WSPER DEIGMATA, "OI$ DH "OI GRAFH$
<P 110C>
KATACRWNTAI0. 'EKEI DE PASAN THN GHN 'EK TOIOUTWN 'EINAI, KAI
POLU 'ETI 'EK LAMPROTERWN KAI KAQARWTERWN 'H= TOUTWN; THN
MEN-GAR "ALOURGH 'EINAI KAI8 QAUMASTHN TO KALLO$, THN DE
CRUSOEIDH, THN DE "OSH LEUKH GUYOU 'H= CIONO$ LEUKOTERAN,
KAI 'EK TWN 'ALLWN CRWMATWN SUGKEIMENHN "WSAUTW$, KAI 'ETI
PLEIONWN KAI KALLIONWN 'H= "OSA "HMEI$ "EWRAKAMEN. KAI-GAR
'AUTA TAUTA TA KOILA 'AUTH$, "UDATO$ TE-KAI 'AERO$ 'E=KPLEA
<P 110D>
'ONTA, CRWMATO$ TI 'EIDO$ PARECESQAI STILBONTA 'EN THI TWN
'ALLWN CRWMATWN POIKILIA\, "WSTE "EN TI 'AUTH$ 'EIDO$ SUNECE$
POIKILON FANTAZESQAI. 'EN DE TAUTHI 'OUSHI TOIAUTHI 'ANA
LOGON TA FUOMENA FUESQAI, DENDRA TE-KAI 'ANQH KAI TOU$
KARPOU$; KAI 'AU TA 'ORH "WSAUTW$ KAI TOU$ LIQOU$ 'ECEIN 'ANA
TON 'AUTON LOGON THN TE LEIOTHTA KAI THN DIAFANEIAN KAI TA
CRWMATA KALLIW; "WN KAI TA 'ENQADE LIQIDIA 'EINAI TAUTA TA
'AGAPWMENA MORIA, SARDIA TE-KAI 'IASPIDA$ KAI SMARAGDOU$
<P 110E>
KAI PANTA TA TOIAUTA; 'EKEI DE 'OUDEN "OTI2 'OU TOIOUTON 'EINAI KAI
'ETI TOUTWN KALLIW. TO D' 'AITION TOUTOU 'EINAI "OTI4 'EKEINOI "OI
LIQOI 'EISI KAQAROI KAI 'OU KATEDHDESMENOI 'OUDE DIEFQARMENOI
"WSPER "OI 'ENQADE "UPO SHPEDONO$ KAI "ALMH$ "UPO TWN DEURO
SUNERRUHKOTWN, "A KAI LIQOI$ KAI GHI KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ ZWIOI$ TE-KAI
FUTOI$ 'AISCH TE-KAI NOSOU$ PARECEI0. THN DE GHN 'AUTHN
KEKOSMHSQAI TOUTOI$ TE "APASI KAI 'ETI CRUSWI TE-KAI 'ARGURWI KAI


<P 111A>
TOI$ 'ALLOI$ 'AU TOI$ TOIOUTOI$. 'EKFANH GAR 'AUTA PEFUKENAI,
'ONTA POLLA PLHQEI KAI MEGALA KAI PANTACOU TH$ GH$, "WSTE
'AUTHN 'IDEIN 'EINAI QEAMA 'EUDAIMONWN QEATWN. ZWIA D' 'EP'
'AUTHI 'EINAI 'A=LLA TE POLLA KAI 'ANQRWPOU$, TOU$ MEN 'EN
MESOGAIA\ 'OIKOUNTA$, TOU$ DE PERI= TON 'AERA "WSPER "HMEI$
PERI= THN QALATTAN, TOU$ D' 'EN NHSOI$ "A$ PERIRREIN TON 'AERA
PRO$ THI 'HPEIRWI 'OUSA$; KAI "ENI LOGWI, "OPER "HMIN TO "UDWR TE-KAI
"H QALATTA 'ESTI PRO$ THN "HMETERAN CREIAN, TOUTO 'EKEI
<P 111B>
TON 'AERA, "O= DE "HMIN 'AHR, 'EKEINOI$ TON 'AIQERA. TA$ DE "WRA$
'AUTOI$ KRASIN 'ECEIN TOIAUTHN "WSTE 'EKEINOU$ 'ANOSOU$ 'EINAI KAI
CRONON TE ZHN POLU PLEIW TWN 'ENQADE, KAI 'OYEI KAI 'AKOHI KAI
FRONHSEI KAI PASI TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ "HMWN 'AFESTANAI THI 'AUTHI
'APOSTASEI "HIPER 'AHR TE "UDATO$ 'AFESTHKEN0 KAI 'AIQHR 'AERO$
PRO$ KAQAROTHTA. KAI-DH-KAI QEWN 'ALSH TE-KAI "IERA 'AUTOI$
'EINAI, 'EN "OI$ TW*I-'ONTI 'OIKHTA$ QEOU$ 'EINAI, KAI FHMA$ TE-KAI
MANTEIA$ KAI 'AISQHSEI$ TWN QEWN KAI TOIAUTA$ SUNOUSIA$
<P 111C>
GIGNESQAI 'AUTOI$ PRO$ 'AUTOU$; KAI TON GE "HLION KAI SELHNHN
KAI 'ASTRA "ORASQAI "UP' 'AUTWN "OI*A TUGCANEI0 'ONTA, KAI THN
'ALLHN 'EUDAIMONIAN TOUTWN 'AKOLOUQON 'EINAI.
KAI "OLHN MEN-DH THN GHN "OUTW PEFUKENAI KAI TA PERI=
THN GHN; TOPOU$ D' 'EN 'AUTHI 'EINAI KATA TA 'EGKOILA 'AUTH$
KUKLWI PERI= "OLHN POLLOU$, TOU$ MEN BAQUTEROU$ KAI 'ANAPEPTAMENOU$
MALLON 'H= 'EN "WI "HMEI$ 'OIKOUMEN, TOU$ DE BAQUTEROU$
'ONTA$ TO CASMA 'AUTOU$ 'ELATTON 'ECEIN TOU* PAR' "HMIN
<P 111D>
TOPOU, 'ESTI D' "OU$ KAI BRACUTEROU$ TW*I BAQEI TOU* 'ENQADE
'EINAI KAI PLATUTEROU$. TOUTOU$ DE PANTA$ "UPO GHN 'EI$
'ALLHLOU$ SUNTETRHSQAI TE POLLACHI KAI KATA STENO=TERA KAI
'EURU=TERA KAI DIEXODOU$ 'ECEIN, "HI POLU MEN "UDWR "REIN 'EX
'ALLHLWN 'EI$ 'ALLHLOU$ "WSPER 'EI$ KRATHRA$, KAI 'AENAWN
POTAMWN 'AMHCANA MEGEQH "UPO THN GHN KAI QERMWN "UDATWN
KAI YUCRWN, POLU DE PUR KAI PURO$ MEGALOU$ POTAMOU$,
POLLOU$ DE "UGROU PHLOU KAI KAQARWTEROU KAI BORBORWDESTEROU,
<P 111E>
"WSPER 'EN SIKELIA\ "OI PRO TOU* "RUAKO$ PHLOU "REONTE$
POTAMOI KAI 'AUTO$ "O "RUAX; "WN DH-KAI "EKASTOU$ TOU$ TOPOU$
PLHROUSQAI, "W$ 'AN4 "EKASTOI$ TUCHI6 "EKASTOTE "H PERIRROH GIGNOMENH.
TAUTA DE PANTA KINEIN 'ANW KAI KATW "WSPER 'AIWRAN
TINA 'ENOUSAN 'EN THI GHI; 'ESTI DE-'A=RA "AU=TH "H 'AIWRA DIA= FUSIN
TOIANDE TINA. "EN TI TWN CASMATWN TH$ GH$ 'ALLW$ TE


<P 112A>
MEGISTON TUGCANEI0 'ON KAI DIAMPERE$ TETRHMENON DI' "OLH$ TH$
GH$, TOUTO "OPER "OMHRO$ 'EI*PE, LEGWN 'AUTO
THLE9 MAL'9, "HICI9 BAQISTON9 "UPO9 FQONO$9 'ESTI9 BEREQRON9;
"O= KAI 'ALLOQI KAI 'EKEINO$ KAI 'ALLOI POLLOI TWN POIHTWN TARTARON
KEKLHKASIN. 'EI$ GAR TOUTO TO CASMA SURREOUSI0 TE
PANTE$ "OI POTAMOI KAI 'EK TOUTOU PALIN 'EKREOUSIN0; GIGNONTAI
DE "EKASTOI TOIOUTOI DI' "OIA$ 'AN4 KAI TH$ GH$ "REWSIN. "H DE
<P 112B>
'AITIA 'ESTIN TOU* 'EKREIN TE 'ENTEUQEN KAI 'EISREIN PANTA TA
"REUMATA, "OTI4 PUQMENA 'OUK 'ECEI0 'OUDE BASIN TO "UGRON TOUTO.
'AIWREITAI DH-KAI KUMAINEI0 'ANW KAI KATW, KAI "O 'AHR KAI TO
PNEUMA TO PERI= 'AUTO 'TAUTON POIEI0; SUNEPETAI GAR 'AUTWI KAI
"OTAN 'EI$ TO 'EP' 'EKEINA TH$ GH$ "ORMHSHI6 KAI "OTAN 'EI$ TO 'EPI
TADE, KAI "WSPER TWN 'ANAPNEONTWN0 'AEI 'EKPNEI0 TE-KAI 'ANAPNEI0
"REON TO PNEUMA, "OUTW KAI 'EKEI SUNAIWROUMENON TW*I "UGRWI TO
PNEUMA DEINOU$ TINA$ 'ANEMOU$ KAI 'AMHCANOU$ PARECETAI KAI
<P 112C>
'EISION KAI 'EXION. "OTAN TE-'OUN "UPOCWRHSHI6 TO "UDWR 'EI$ TON
TOPON TON DH KATW KALOUMENON0, TOI$ KAT' 'EKEINA TA "REUMATA
DIA8 TH$ GH$ 'EISREI0 TE-KAI PLHROI0 'AUTA "WSPER "OI 'EPANTLOUNTE$;
"OTAN TE 'AU 'EKEIQEN MEN 'APOLIPHI6, DEURO DE "ORMHSHI6,
TA 'ENQADE PLHROI0 'AUQI$, TA DE PLHRWQENTA "REI0 DIA= TWN
'OCETWN KAI DIA= TH$ GH$ KAI 'EI$ TOU$ TOPOU$ "EKASTA 'AFIKNOUMENA,
'EI$ "OU$ "EKASTOI$ "WDOPOIHTAI, QALATTA$ TE-KAI LIMNA$
KAI POTAMOU$ KAI KRHNA$ POIEI0; 'ENTEUQEN DE PALIN DUOMENA
<P 112D>
KATA TH$ GH$, TA MEN MAKROTEROU$ TOPOU$ PERIELQONTA KAI
PLEIOU$, TA DE 'ELATTOU$ KAI BRACUTEROU$, PALIN 'EI$ TON
TARTARON 'EMBALLEI0, TA MEN POLU KATWTERW 'H=7 "HI 'EPHNTLEITO,
TA DE 'OLIGON; PANTA DE "UPOKATW 'EISREI0 TH$ 'EKROH$,
KAI 'ENIA MEN KATANTIKRU 'H=7 "HI 'EISREI80 'EXEPESEN, 'ENIA DE
KATA TO 'AUTO MERO$; 'ESTI DE "A PANTAPASIN KUKLWI PERIELQONTA,
'H= "APAX 'H=-KAI PLEONAKI$ PERIELICQENTA PERI= THN GHN
"WSPER "OI 'OFEI$, 'EI$ TO DUNATON KATW KAQENTA PALIN 'EMBALLEI0.
<P 112E>
DUNATON DE 'ESTIN "EKATERWSE MECRI TOU* MESOU KAQIENAI, PERA
D' 'OU=; 'ANANTE$ GAR 'AMFOTEROI$ TOI$ "REUMASI TO "EKATERWQEN
GIGNETAI MERO$.
TA MEN-'OUN-DH 'A=LLA POLLA TE-KAI MEGALA KAI PANTODAPA
"REUMATA 'ESTI; TUGCANEI0 D'-'A=RA 'ONTA 'EN TOUTOI$ TOI$ POLLOI$
TETTAR' 'ATTA "REUMATA, "WN TO MEN MEGISTON KAI 'EXWTATW "REON
PERI= KUKLWI "O KALOUMENO$0 'WKEANO$ 'ESTIN, TOUTOU DE KATANTIKRU
KAI 'ENANTIW$ "REWN 'ACERWN, "O$ DI' 'ERHMWN TE TOPWN


<P 113A>
"REI0 'ALLWN KAI-DH-KAI "UPO GHN "REWN 'EI$ THN LIMNHN 'AFIKNEITAI
THN 'ACEROUSIADA, "OU "AI TWN TETELEUTHKOTWN YUCAI TWN
POLLWN 'AFIKNOUNTAI KAI TINA$ "EIMARMENOU$ CRONOU$ MEINASAI,
"AI MEN MAKROTEROU$, "AI DE BRACUTEROU$, PALIN 'EKPEMPONTAI
'EI$ TA$ TWN ZWIWN GENESEI$. TRITO$ DE POTAMO$ TOUTWN KATA
MESON 'EKBALLEI0, KAI 'EGGU$ TH$ 'EKBOLH$ 'EKPIPTEI0 'EI$ TOPON
MEGAN PURI POLLWI KAOMENON, KAI LIMNHN POIEI0 MEIZW TH$
PAR' "HMIN QALATTH$, ZEOUSAN "UDATO$ KAI PHLOU; 'ENTEUQEN DE
<P 113B>
CWREI0 KUKLWI QOLERO$ KAI PHLWDH$, PERIELITTOMENO$ DE THI
GHI 'ALLOSE TE 'AFIKNEITAI KAI PAR' 'ESCATA TH$ 'ACEROUSIADO$
LIMNH$, 'OU SUMMEIGNUMENO$ TW*I "UDATI; PERIELICQEI$ DE POLLAKI$
"UPO GH$ 'EMBALLEI0 KATWTERW TOU* TARTAROU; "OUTO$ D' 'ESTIN
"ON 'EPONOMAZOUSIN0 PURIFLEGEQONTA, "OU KAI "OI "RUAKE$ 'APOSPASMATA
'ANAFUSWSIN0 "OPHI 'AN4 TUCWSI TH$ GH$. TOUTOU DE
'AU KATANTIKRU "O TETARTO$ 'EKPIPTEI0 'EI$ TOPON PRWTON DEINON
TE-KAI 'AGRION, "W$ LEGETAI, CRWMA D' 'ECONTA "OLON "OION "O
<P 113C>
KUANO$, "ON DH 'EPONOMAZOUSI0 STUGION, KAI THN LIMNHN "HN
POIEI0 "O POTAMO$ 'EMBALLWN, STUGA; "O D' 'EMPESWN 'ENTAUQA
KAI DEINA$ DUNAMEI$ LABWN 'EN TW*I "UDATI, DU$ KATA TH$ GH$,
PERIELITTOMENO$ CWREI0 'ENANTIO$ TW*I PURIFLEGEQONTI KAI
'APANTA*I0 'EN THI 'ACEROUSIADI LIMNHI 'EX 'ENANTIA$; KAI-'OUDE TO
TOUTOU "UDWR 'OUDENI MEIGNUTAI, 'ALLA=-KAI "OUTO$ KUKLWI PERIELQWN
'EMBALLEI0 'EI$ TON TARTARON 'ENANTIO$ TW*I PURIFLEGEQONTI;
'ONOMA DE TOUTWI 'ESTIN, "W$ "OI POIHTAI LEGOUSIN0, KWKUTO$.
<P 113D>
TOUTWN DE "OUTW$ PEFUKOTWN, 'EPEIDAN 'AFIKWNTAI "OI TETELEUTHKOTE$
'EI$ TON TOPON "OI*4 "O DAIMWN "EKASTON KOMIZEI0,
PRWTON MEN DIEDIKASANTO "OI TE KALW$ KAI "OSIW$ BIWSANTE$
KAI "OI MH. KAI "OI= MEN 'AN4 DOXWSI MESW$ BEBIWKENAI, POREUQENTE$
'EPI TON 'ACERONTA, 'ANABANTE$ "A DH 'AUTOI$ 'OCHMATA
'ESTIN, 'EPI TOUTWN 'AFIKNOUNTAI 'EI$ THN LIMNHN, KAI 'EKEI
'OIKOUSI0 TE-KAI KAQAIROMENOI TWN TE 'ADIKHMATWN DIDONTE$
DIKA$ 'APOLUONTAI, 'EI TI$ TI 'HDIKHKEN0, TWN TE 'EUERGESIWN
<P 113E>
TIMA$ FERONTAI KATA THN 'AXIAN "EKASTO$; "OI= D' 'AN4 DOXWSIN
'ANIATW$ 'ECEIN DIA= TA MEGEQH TWN "AMARTHMATWN, 'H= "IEROSULIA$
POLLA$ KAI MEGALA$ 'H= FONOU$ 'ADIKOU$ KAI PARANOMOU$
POLLOU$ 'EXEIRGASMENOI 'H= 'A=LLA "OSA TOIAUTA TUGCANEI0 'ONTA,
TOUTOU$ DE "H PROSHKOUSA MOIRA "RIPTEI0 'EI$ TON TARTARON,
"OQEN 'OUPOTE 'EKBAINOUSIN0. "OI= D' 'AN4 'IASIMA MEN MEGALA DE
DOXWSIN "HMARTHKENAI "AMARTHMATA, "OION PRO$ PATERA 'H= MHTERA


<P 114A>
"UP' 'ORGH$ BIAION TI PRAXANTE$, KAI METAMELON 'AUTOI$
TON 'ALLON BION BIWSIN, 'H= 'ANDROFONOI TOIOUTWI TINI 'ALLWI
TROPWI GENWNTAI, TOUTOU$ DE 'EMPESEIN MEN 'EI$ TON TARTARON
'ANAGKH, 'EMPESONTA$ DE 'AUTOU$ KAI 'ENIAUTON 'EKEI GENOMENOU$
'EKBALLEI0 TO KUMA, TOU$ MEN 'ANDROFONOU$ KATA TON KWKUTON,
TOU$ DE PATRALOIA$ KAI MHTRALOIA$ KATA TON PURIFLEGEQONTA;
'EPEIDAN DE FEROMENOI GENWNTAI KATA THN LIMNHN THN
'ACEROUSIADA, 'ENTAUQA BOWSI0 TE-KAI KALOUSIN0, "OI MEN "OU$
'APEKTEINAN, "OI DE "OU$ "UBRISAN, KALESANTE$ D' "IKETEUOUSI0
<P 114B>
KAI DEONTAI 'EASAI0 SFA$ 'EKBHNAI0 'EI$ THN LIMNHN KAI DEXASQAI,
KAI 'EA=N MEN PEISWSIN, 'EKBAINOUSI0 TE-KAI LHGOUSI0 TWN
KAKWN, 'EI DE MH, FERONTAI 'AUQI$ 'EI$ TON TARTARON KAI
'EKEIQEN PALIN 'EI$ TOU$ POTAMOU$, KAI TAUTA PASCONTE$ 'OU
PROTERON PAUONTAI PRIN 'AN4 PEISWSIN "OU$ 'HDIKHSAN; "AU=TH GAR
"H DIKH "UPO TWN DIKASTWN 'AUTOI$ 'ETACQH. "OI= DE-DH 'AN4 DOXWSI
DIAFERONTW$ PRO$ TO "OSIW$ BIWNAI0, "OUTOI 'EISIN "OI TWNDE MEN
TWN TOPWN TWN 'EN THI GHI 'ELEUQEROUMENOI TE-KAI 'APALLATTOMENOI
<P 114C>
"WSPER DESMWTHRIWN, 'ANW DE 'EI$ THN KAQARAN 'OIKHSIN
'AFIKNOUMENOI KAI 'EPI GH$ 'OIKIZOMENOI. TOUTWN DE 'AUTWN "OI
FILOSOFIA\ "IKANW$ KAQHRAMENOI 'ANEU TE SWMATWN ZWSI0 TO
PARAPAN 'EI$ TON 'EPEITA CRONON, KAI 'EI$ 'OIKHSEI$ 'ETI TOUTWN
KALLIOU$ 'AFIKNOUNTAI, "A$ 'OUTE "RA\DION DHLWSAI0 'OUTE "O CRONO$
"IKANO$ 'EN TW*I PARONTI. 'ALLA= TOUTWN DH "ENEKA CRH "WN DIELHLUQAMEN,
'W* SIMMIA, PAN POIEIN "WSTE 'ARETH$ KAI FRONHSEW$ 'EN
TW*I BIWI METASCEIN; KALON GAR TO 'AQLON KAI "H 'ELPI$ MEGALH.
<P 114D>
TO MEN-'OUN TAUTA DIISCURISASQAI "OUTW$ 'ECEIN "W$ 'EGW
DIELHLUQA, 'OU PREPEI0 NOUN 'ECONTI 'ANDRI; "OTI4 MENTOI 'H= TAUT'
'ESTIN 'H= TOIAUT' 'ATTA PERI= TA$ YUCA$ "HMWN KAI TA$ 'OIKHSEI$,
'EPEIPER 'AQANATON GE "H YUCH FAINETAI 'OUSA, TOUTO KAI
PREPEIN MOI DOKEI0 KAI 'AXION KINDUNEUSAI0 'OIOMENWI "OUTW$
'ECEIN % KALO$ GAR "O KINDUNO$ % KAI CRH TA TOIAUTA "WSPER
'EPA\DEIN "EAUTWI, DIO DH 'EGWGE KAI PALAI MHKUNW0 TON MUQON.
'ALLA= TOUTWN DH "ENEKA QARREIN CRH PERI= THI "EAUTOU YUCHI
<P 114E>
'ANDRA "OSTI$ 'EN TW*I BIWI TA$ MEN 'ALLA$ "HDONA$ TA$ PERI= TO
SWMA KAI TOU$ KOSMOU$ 'EIASE CAIREIN, "W$ 'ALLOTRIOU$ TE
'ONTA$, KAI PLEON QATERON "HGHSAMENO$ 'APERGAZESQAI, TA$ DE
PERI= TO MANQANEIN 'ESPOUDASE TE-KAI KOSMHSA$ THN YUCHN
'OUK 'ALLOTRIWI 'ALLA= TW*I 'AUTH$ KOSMWI, SWFROSUNHI TE-KAI


<P 115A>
DIKAIOSUNHI KAI 'ANDREIA\ KAI 'ELEUQERIA\ KAI 'ALHQEIA\, "OUTW
PERIMENEI0 THN 'EI$ "AIDOU POREIAN "W$8 POREUSOMENO$8 "OTAN8 "H8
"EIMARMENH8 KALHI85. "UMEI$ MEN-'OUN, 'EFH, 'W* SIMMIA TE-KAI
KEBH$ KAI "OI 'ALLOI, 'EI$ 'AUQI$ 'EN TINI CRONWI "EKASTOI POREUSESQE;
'EME DE NU*N 'HDH KALEI0, FAIH 'AN4 'ANHR TRAGIKO$, "H
"EIMARMENH, KAI SCEDON TI MOI "WRA TRAPESQAI PRO$ TO LOUTRON;
DOKEI0 GAR-DH BELTION 'EINAI LOUSAMENON PIEIN TO FARMAKON
KAI MH PRAGMATA TAI$ GUNAIXI PARECEIN NEKRON LOUEIN.
<P 115B>
TAUTA DH 'EIPONTO$ 'AUTOU4 "O KRITWN, 'EIEN, 'EFH, 'W*
SWKRATE$; TI= DE TOUTOI$ 'H= 'EMOI4 'EPISTELLEI$ 'H= PERI= TWN
PAIDWN 'H= PERI= 'ALLOU TOU, "OTI2 'AN4 SOI4 POIOUNTE$ "HMEI$ 'EN
CARITI MALISTA POIOIMEN:
"APER 'AEI LEGW0, 'EFH, 'W* KRITWN, 'OUDEN KAINOTERON; "OTI4
"UMWN-'AUTWN 'EPIMELOUMENOI "UMEI$ KAI 'EMOI4 KAI TOI$ 'EMOI$
KAI "UMIN-'AUTOI$ 'EN CARITI POIHSETE "ATT' 'AN4 POIHTE, 'KAN2 MH
NU*N "OMOLOGHSHTE; 'EA=N DE "UMWN MEN8 'AUTWN 'AMELHTE KAI
MH 'QELHTE "WSPER KAT' 'ICNH KATA TA NU*N TE 'EIRHMENA
KAI TA 'EN TW*I 'EMPROSQEN CRONWI ZHN, 'OUDE 'EA=N POLLA "OMOLOGHSHTE
<P 115C>
'EN TW*I PARONTI KAI SFODRA, 'OUDEN PLEON POIHSETE.
TAUTA MEN-TOINUN PROQUMHSOMEQA, 'EFH, "OUTW POIEIN;
QAPTWMEN DE SE TI=NA TROPON:
"OPW$ 'AN4, 'EFH, BOULHSQE, 'EANPER GE LABHTE ME KAI
MH 'EKFUGW4 "UMA$. GELASA$ DE "AMA "HSUCHI KAI PRO$ "HMA$
'APOBLEYA$ 'EI*PEN; 'OU PEIQW0, 'W* 'ANDRE$, KRITWNA, "W$
'EGW 'EIMI "OUTO$ SWKRATH$, "O NUNI DIALEGOMENO$ KAI DIATATTWN
"EKASTON TWN LEGOMENWN, 'ALL' 'OIETAI ME 'EKEINON 'EINAI
<P 115D>
"ON 'OYETAI 'OLIGON "USTERON NEKRON, KAI 'ERWTA*I0 DH PW*$ ME
QAPTHI5. "OTI4 DE 'EGW PALAI POLUN LOGON PEPOIHMAI, "W$,
'EPEIDAN PIW4 TO FARMAKON, 'OUKETI "UMIN PARAMENW2, 'ALL'
'OICHSOMAI 'APIWN 'EI$ MAKARWN DH TINA$ 'EUDAIMONIA$, TAUTA
MOI DOKW0 'AUTWI 'ALLW$ LEGEIN, PARAMUQOUMENO$ "AMA MEN
"UMA$, "AMA D' 'EMAUTON. 'EGGUHSASQE 'OUN ME PRO$ KRITWNA,
'EFH, THN 'ENANTIAN 'EGGUHN 'H= "HN "OUTO$ PRO$ TOU$ DIKASTA$
'HGGUATO. "OUTO$ MEN-GAR-'H*-MHN PARAMENEIN2; "UMEI$ DE-'H*-MHN
MH PARAMENEIN2 'EGGUHSASQE 'EPEIDAN 'APOQANW, 'ALLA= 'OICHSESQAI
<P 115E>
'APIONTA, "INA KRITWN "RA*ION FERHI5, KAI MH "ORWN MOU TO
SWMA 'H= KAOMENON 'H= KATORUTTOMENON 'AGANAKTHI5 "UPER 'EMOU4
"W$ DEINA PASCONTO$, MHDE LEGHI5 'EN THI TAFHI "W$ 'H= PROTIQETAI
SWKRATH 'H= 'EKFEREI0 'H= KATORUTTEI0. 'EU GAR 'ISQI, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'W*
'ARISTE KRITWN, TO MH KALW$ LEGEIN 'OU MONON 'EI$ 'AUTO TOUTO
PLHMMELE$, 'ALLA=-KAI KAKON TI 'EMPOIEI0 TAI$ YUCAI$. 'ALLA=
QARREIN TE CRH KAI FANAI0 'TOUMON SWMA QAPTEIN, KAI QAPTEIN


<P 116A>
"OUTW$ "OPW$ 'AN4 SOI4 FILON 'HI KAI MALISTA "HGHI3 NOMIMON 'EINAI.
TAUT' 'EIPWN 'EKEINO$ MEN 'ANISTATO 'EI$ 'OIKHMA TI "W$ LOUSOMENO$,
KAI "O KRITWN "EIPETO 'AUTWI "HMA$ D' 'EKELEUE PERIMENEIN0.
PERIEMENOMEN 'OUN PRO$ "HMA$-'AUTOU$ DIALEGOMENOI PERI= TWN
'EIRHMENWN KAI 'ANASKOPOUNTE$, TOTE= D' 'AU PERI= TH$ SUMFORA$
DIEXIONTE$ "OSH "HMIN GEGONUIA 'EIH, 'ATECNW$ "HGOUMENOI "WSPER
PATRO$ STERHQENTE$ DIAXEIN 'ORFANOI TON 'EPEITA BION. 'EPEIDH
<P 116B>
DE 'ELOUSATO KAI 'HNECQH PAR' 'AUTON TA PAIDIA % DUO GAR 'AUTWI
"UEI$ SMIKROI 'HSAN, "EI$ DE MEGA$ % KAI "AI 'OIKEIAI GUNAIKE$
'AFIKONTO 'EKEINAI, 'ENANTION TOU* KRITWNO$ DIALECQEI$ TE-KAI
'EPISTEILA$ "ATTA 'EBOULETO, TA$ MEN GUNAIKA$ KAI TA PAIDIA
'APIENAI 'EKELEUSEN, 'AUTO$ DE "HKE PAR' "HMA$. KAI 'H*N 'HDH
'EGGU$ "HLIOU DUSMWN; CRONON GAR POLUN DIETRIYEN 'ENDON.
'ELQWN D' 'EKAQEZETO LELOUMENO$ KAI 'OU POLLA 'ATTA META
TAUTA DIELECQH, KAI "HKEN "O TWN "ENDEKA "UPHRETH$ KAI STA$
<P 116C>
PAR' 'AUTON, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EFH, 'OU KATAGNWSOMAI GE SOU4
"OPER 'ALLWN KATAGIGNWSKW0, "OTI4 MOI CALEPAINOUSI0 KAI KATARWNTAI0
'EPEIDAN 'AUTOI$ PARAGGEILW4 PINEIN TO FARMAKON
'ANAGKAZONTWN0 TWN 'ARCONTWN. SE DE 'EGW KAI 'ALLW$
'EGNWKA 'EN TOUTWI TW*I CRONWI GENNAIOTATON KAI PRA\OTATON
KAI 'ARISTON 'ANDRA 'ONTA TWN PWPOTE DEURO 'AFIKOMENWN, KAI-DH-KAI
NU*N 'EU 'OID' "OTI4 'OUK 'EMOI4 CALEPAINEI$, GIGNWSKEI$ GAR
TOU$ 'AITIOU$, 'ALLA= 'EKEINOI$. NU*N 'OUN, 'OISQA GAR "A 'HLQON
<P 116D>
'AGGELLWN, CAIRE TE-KAI PEIRW5 "W$ "RA*ISTA FEREIN TA 'ANAGKAI*A.
KAI "AMA DAKRUSA$ METASTREFOMENO$ 'APHIEI.
KAI "O SWKRATH$ 'ANABLEYA$ PRO$ 'AUTON, KAI SU, 'EFH,
CAIRE, KAI "HMEI$ TAUTA POIHSOMEN. KAI "AMA PRO$ "HMA$,
"W$ 'ASTEIO$, 'EFH, "O 'ANQRWPO$; KAI PARA PANTA MOI TON
CRONON PROSHIEI KAI DIELEGETO 'ENIOTE KAI 'H*N 'ANDRWN LWISTO$,
KAI NU*N "W$ GENNAIW$ ME 'APODAKRUEI0. 'ALL' 'AGE DH, 'W*
KRITWN, PEIQWMEQA 'AUTWI, KAI 'ENEGKATW TI$ TO FARMAKON, 'EI
TETRIPTAI; 'EI DE MH, TRIYATW "O 'ANQRWPO$.
<P 116E>
KAI "O KRITWN, 'ALL' 'OIMAI, 'EFH, 'EGWGE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ETI
"HLION 'EINAI 'EPI TOI$ 'ORESIN KAI 'OUPW DEDUKENAI. KAI "AMA
'EGW 'OIDA KAI 'ALLOU$ PANU 'OYE PINONTA$, 'EPEIDAN PARAGGELQHI
'AUTOI$, DEIPNHSANTA$ TE-KAI PIONTA$ 'EU MALA, KAI SUGGENOMENOU$
G' 'ENIOU$ "WN 'AN4 TUCWSIN 'EPIQUMOUNTE$. 'ALLA= MHDEN
'EPEIGOU; 'ETI GAR 'EGCWREI0.
KAI "O SWKRATH$, 'EIKOTW$ GE, 'EFH, 'W* KRITWN, 'EKEINOI TE
TAUTA POIOUSIN0, "OU$ SU LEGEI$ % 'OIONTAI GAR KERDAINEIN TAUTA
POIHSANTE$ % KAI 'EGWGE TAUTA 'EIKOTW$ 'OU POIHSW2; 'OUDEN GAR


<P 117A>
'OIMAI KERDANEIN 'OLIGON "USTERON PIWN 'ALLO GE 'H= GELWTA
'OFLHSEIN PAR' 'EMAUTWI, GLICOMENO$ TOU* ZHN KAI FEIDOMENO$ 'OUDENO$
'ETI 'ENONTO$. 'ALL' 'IQI, 'EFH, PEIQOU KAI MH 'ALLW$ POIEI5.
KAI "O KRITWN 'AKOUSA$ 'ENEUSE TW*I PAIDI PLHSION "ESTWTI.
KAI "O PAI$ 'EXELQWN KAI SUCNON CRONON DIATRIYA$ "HKEN 'AGWN
TON MELLONTA DWSEIN TO FARMAKON, 'EN KULIKI FERONTA TETRIMMENON.
'IDWN DE "O SWKRATH$ TON 'ANQRWPON, 'EIEN, 'EFH, 'W*
BELTISTE, SU GAR TOUTWN 'EPISTHMWN, TI= CRH POIEIN:
'OUDEN 'ALLO, 'EFH, 'H= PIONTA PERIIENAI, "EW$ 'AN4 SOU4 BARO$
<P 117B>
'EN TOI$ SKELESI GENHTAI, 'EPEITA KATAKEISQAI; KAI "OUTW$ 'AUTO
POIHSEI2. KAI "AMA 'WREXE THN KULIKA TW*I SWKRATEI.
KAI "O$ LABWN KAI MALA "ILEW$, 'W* 'ECEKRATE$, 'OUDEN
TRESA$ 'OUDE DIAFQEIRA$ 'OUTE TOU* CRWMATO$ 'OUTE TOU* PROSWPOU,
'ALL' "WSPER 'EIWQEI TAURHDON "UPOBLEYA$ PRO$ TON
'ANQRWPON, TI= LEGEI$, 'EFH, PERI= TOUDE TOU* PWMATO$ PRO$ TO
'APOSPEISAI0 TINI: 'EXESTIN 'H= 'OU=:
TOSOUTON, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, TRIBOMEN "OSON 'OIOMEQA
METRION 'EINAI PIEIN.
<P 117C>
MANQANW0, 'H*-D'-"O$; 'ALL' 'EUCESQAI GE-POU TOI$ QEOI$ 'EXESTI
TE-KAI CRH, THN METOIKHSIN THN 'ENQENDE 'EKEISE 'EUTUCH GENESQAI;
"A DH-KAI 'EGW 'EUCOMAI TE-KAI GENOITO TAUTHI. KAI "AM'
'EIPWN TAUTA 'EPISCOMENO$ KAI MALA 'EUCERW$ KAI 'EUKOLW$
'EXEPIEN. KAI "HMWN "OI POLLOI TEW$ MEN 'EPIEIKW$ "OIOI-TE-'HSAN
KATECEIN TO MH DAKRUEIN, "W$ DE 'EIDOMEN PINONTA TE-KAI
PEPWKOTA, 'OUKETI, 'ALL' 'EMOU4 GE BIA\ KAI 'AUTOU4 'ASTAKTI 'ECWREI
TA DAKRUA "WSTE 'EGKALUYAMENO$ 'APEKLAON 'EMAUTON % 'OU-GAR-DH
'EKEINON GE, 'ALLA= THN 'EMAUTOU TUCHN, "OIOU 'ANDRO$
<P 117D>
"ETAIROU 'ESTERHMENO$-'EIHN. "O DE KRITWN 'ETI PROTERO$ 'EMOU4,
'EPEIDH 'OUC "OIO$-T'-'H*N KATECEIN TA DAKRUA, 'EXANESTH.
'APOLLODWRO$ DE-KAI 'EN TW*I 'EMPROSQEN CRONWI 'OUDEN 'EPAUETO
DAKRUWN, KAI-DH-KAI TO=TE 'ANABRUCHSAMENO$ KLAWN KAI
'AGANAKTWN 'OUDENA "ONTINA 'OU KATEKLASE TWN PARONTWN0 PLHN
GE 'AUTOU4 SWKRATOU$.
'EKEINO$ DE, "OI*A, 'EFH, POIEITE0, 'W* QAUMASIOI. 'EGW MENTOI
'OUC "HKISTA TOUTOU "ENEKA TA$ GUNAIKA$ 'APEPEMYA, "INA MH
<P 117E>
TOIAUTA PLHMMELOIEN; KAI-GAR 'AKHKOA "OTI4 'EN 'EUFHMIA\ CRH
TELEUTAN. 'ALL' "HSUCIAN TE 'AGETE3 KAI KARTEREITE3.
KAI "HMEI$ 'AKOUSANTE$ 'HISCUNQHMEN TE-KAI 'EPESCOMEN TOU*
DAKRUEIN. "O DE PERIELQWN, 'EPEIDH "OI2 BARUNESQAI 'EFH TA
SKELH, KATEKLINH "UPTIO$ % "OUTW GAR 'EKELEUEN "O 'ANQRWPO$ %
KAI "AMA 'EFAPTOMENO$ 'AUTOU4 "OUTO$ "O DOU$ TO FARMAKON,
DIALIPWN CRONON 'EPESKOPEI TOU$ PODA$ KAI TA SKELH,
'KAPEITA SFODRA PIESA$ 'AUTOU4 TON PODA 'HRETO 'EI 'AISQANOITO,


<P 118A>
"O D' 'OUK 'EFH. KAI META TOUTO 'AUQI$ TA$ KNHMA$; KAI 'EPANIWN
"OUTW$ "HMIN 'EPEDEIKNUTO "OTI4 YUCOITO TE-KAI PHGNUTO. KAI
'AUTO$ "HPTETO KAI 'EI*PEN "OTI4, 'EPEIDAN PRO$ THI KARDIA\ GENHTAI
'AUTWI, TO=TE 'OICHSETAI.
'HDH 'OUN SCEDON TI 'AUTOU4 'H*N TA PERI= TO 'HTRON YUCOMENA,
KAI 'EKKALUYAMENO$ % 'ENEKEKALUPTO GAR % 'EI*PEN % "O= DH TELEUTAION
'EFQEGXATO % 'W* KRITWN, 'EFH, TW*I 'ASKLHPIWI 'OFEILOMEN
'ALEKTRUONA; 'ALLA= 'APODOTE KAI MH 'AMELHSHTE.
'ALLA= TAUTA, 'EFH, 'ESTAI, "O KRITWN; 'ALL' "ORA 'EI TI 'ALLO
LEGEI$.
TAUTA 'EROMENOU 'AUTOU4 'OUDEN 'ETI 'APEKRINATO, 'ALL' 'OLIGON
CRONON DIALIPWN 'EKINHQH TE-KAI "O 'ANQRWPO$ 'EXEKALUYEN
'AUTON, KAI "O$6 TA 'OMMATA 'ESTHSEN; 'IDWN DE "O KRITWN SUNELABE
TO STOMA KAI TOU$ 'OFQALMOU$.
"HDE "H TELEUTH, 'W* 'ECEKRATE$, TOU* "ETAIROU "HMIN 'EGENETO,
'ANDRO$, "W$ "HMEI$ FAIMEN 'AO4, TWN TO=TE "WN 'EPEIRAQHMEN 'ARISTOU
KAI 'ALLW$ FRONIMWTATOU KAI DIKAIOTATOU.


<B SUMP>


<P 172A>
APOL ^ DOKW0 MOI PERI= "WN PUNQANESQE0 'OUK 'AMELETHTO$
'EINAI. KAI-GAR 'ETUGCANON PRWIHN 'EI$ 'ASTU 'OIKOQEN 'ANIWN FALHROQEN;
TWN 'OUN GNWRIMWN TI$ 'OPISQEN KATIDWN ME PORRWQEN
'EKALESE, KAI PAIZWN "AMA THI KLHSEI, 'W* FALHREU$, 'EFH,
"OUTO$ 'APOLLODWRO$, 'OU PERIMENEI$0: 'KAGW 'EPISTA$ PERIEMEINA.
KAI "O$, 'APOLLODWRE, 'EFH, KAI-MHN-KAI 'ENAGCO$
SE 'EZHTOUN BOULOMENO$ DIAPUQESQAI THN 'AGAQWNO$ SUNOUSIAN
<P 172B>
KAI SWKRATOU$ KAI 'ALKIBIADOU KAI TWN 'ALLWN TWN TO=TE 'EN
TW*I SUNDEIPNWI PARAGENOMENWN, PERI= TWN 'ERWTIKWN LOGWN
TI=NE$ 'HSAN; 'ALLO$ GAR TI$ MOI DIHGEITO 'AKHKOW$ FOINIKO$
TOU* FILIPPOU, 'EFH DE-KAI SE 'EIDENAI. 'ALLA=-GAR 'OUDEN 'EICE
SAFE$ LEGEIN. SU 'OUN MOI DIHGHSAI; DIKAIOTATO$ GAR 'EI*
TOU$ TOU* "ETAIROU LOGOU$ 'APAGGELLEIN. PROTERON DE MOI,
'H*-D'-"O$, 'EIPE=, SU 'AUTO$ PAREGENOU THI SUNOUSIA\ TAUTHI 'H= 'OU=:
'KAGW 'EIPON "OTI4 PANTAPASIN 'EOIKE0 SOI4 'OUDEN DIHGEISQAI
<P 172C>
SAFE$ "O DIHGOUMENO$, 'EI NEWSTI "HGHI0 THN SUNOUSIAN GEGONENAI
TAUTHN "HN 'ERWTA*I$0, "WSTE KAI 'EME PARAGENESQAI. 'EGW GE-DH,
'EFH. PO=QEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* GLAUKWN: 'OUK 'OISQ' "OTI4
POLLWN 'ETWN 'AGA=QWN 'ENQADE 'OUK 'EPIDEDHMHKEN0, 'AF' "OU2 D'
'EGW SWKRATEI SUNDIATRIBW0 KAI 'EPIMELE$ PEPOIHMAI "EKASTH$
"HMERA$ 'EIDENAI "OTI2 'AN4 LEGHI5 'H= PRATTHI5, 'OUDEPW TRIA 'ETH 'ESTIN:


<P 173A>
PRO TOU* DE PERITRECWN "OPHI TUCOIMI KAI 'OIOMENO$ TI POIEIN
'AQLIWTERO$ 'H*2 "OTOUOUN, 'OUC "HTTON 'H= SU NUNI, 'OIOMENO$ DEIN
PANTA MALLON PRATTEIN 'H= FILOSOFEIN. KAI "O$, MH
SKWPT', 'EFH, 'ALL' 'EIPE= MOI PO=TE 'EGENETO "H SUNOUSIA
"AU=TH. 'KAGW 'EIPON "OTI4 PAIDWN 'ONTWN0 "HMWN 'ETI, "OTE THI PRWTHI
TRAGWIDIA\ 'ENIKHSEN 'AGAQWN, THI "USTERAIA\ 'H= "HI TA 'EPINIKIA
'EQUEN 'AUTO$ TE-KAI "OI COREUTAI. PANU, 'EFH, 'A=RA PALAI,
"W$ 'EOIKEN0. 'ALLA= TI=$ SOI4 DIHGEITO: 'H= 'AUTO$ SWKRATH$:
<P 173B>
'OU MA TON DI=A, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ALL' "OSPER FOINIKI. 'ARISTODHMO$
'H*N TI$, KUDAQHNAIEU$, SMIKRO$, 'ANUPODHTO$ 'AEI; PAREGEGONEI
D' 'EN THI SUNOUSIA\, SWKRATOU$ 'ERASTH$ 'WN 'EN TOI$
MALISTA TWN TO=TE, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0. 'OU-MENTOI-'ALLA=-KAI
SWKRATH GE 'ENIA 'HDH 'ANHROMHN "WN 'EKEINOU 'HKOUSA, KAI MOI
"WMOLOGEI KAQAPER 'EKEINO$ DIHGEITO. TI= 'OUN, 'EFH, 'OU
DIHGHSW MOI: PANTW$ DE "H "ODO$ "H 'EI$ 'ASTU 'EPITHDEI=A
POREUOMENOI$ KAI LEGEIN KAI 'AKOUEIN.
"OUTW DH 'IONTE$ "AMA TOU$ LOGOU$ PERI= 'AUTWN 'EPOIOUMEQA,
<P 173C>
"WSTE, "OPER 'ARCOMENO$ 'EIPON, 'OUK 'AMELETHTW$ 'ECW0. 'EI 'OUN
DEI KAI "UMIN DIHGHSASQAI, TAUTA CRH POIEIN. KAI-GAR 'EGWGE
KAI 'ALLW$, "OTAN MEN TINA$ PERI= FILOSOFIA$ LOGOU$ 'H= 'AUTO$
POIWMAI 'H= 'ALLWN 'AKOUW3, CWRI$ TOU* 'OIESQAI 'WFELEISQAI
"UPERFUW$ "W$ CAIRW0; "OTAN DE 'ALLOU$ TINA$, 'ALLW$ TE KAI
TOU$ "UMETEROU$ TOU$ TWN PLOUSIWN KAI CRHMATISTIKWN, 'AUTO$
TE 'ACQOMAI "UMA$ TE TOU$ "ETAIROU$ 'ELEW0, "OTI4 'OIESQE0 TI POIEIN
<P 173D>
'OUDEN POIOUNTE$. KAI 'ISW$ 'AU "UMEI$ 'EME "HGEISQE0 KAKODAIMONA
'EINAI, KAI 'OIOMAI "UMA$ 'ALHQH 'OIESQAI; EGW MENTOI "UMA$ 'OUK
'OIOMAI 'ALL' 'EU 'OIDA.
ETAI ^ 'AEI "OMOIO$ 'EI*, 'W* 'APOLLODWRE; 'AEI GAR SAUTON
TE KAKHGOREI$ KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$, KAI DOKEI$ MOI 'ATECNW$
PANTA$ 'AQLIOU$ "HGEISQAI PLHN SWKRATOU$, 'APO SAUTOU
'ARXAMENO$. KAI "OPOQEN POTE TAUTHN THN 'EPWNUMIAN 'ELABE$
TO MALAKO$ KALEISQAI0, 'OUK 'OIDA 'EGWGE; 'EN MEN-GAR TOI$
LOGOI$ 'AEI TOIOUTO$ 'EI*, SAUTWI TE-KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ 'AGRIAINEI$
PLHN SWKRATOU$.
<P 173E>
APOL ^ 'W* FILTATE, KAI DHLON GE-DH "OTI4 "OUTW DIANOOUMENO$
KAI PERI= 'EMAUTOU KAI PERI= "UMWN MAINOMAI KAI
PARAPAIW0:
ETAI ^ 'OUK 'AXION PERI= TOUTWN, 'APOLLODWRE, NU*N 'ERIZEIN;
'ALL' "OPER 'EDEOMEQA SOU4, MH 'ALLW$ POIHSHI$, 'ALLA= DIHGHSAI
TI=NE$ 'HSAN "OI LOGOI.
APOL ^ 'HSAN TOINUN 'EKEINOI TOIOIDE TINE$ % MALLON D'


<P 174A>
'EX 'ARCH$ "UMIN "W$ 'EKEINO$ DIHGEITO KAI 'EGW PEIRASOMAI
DIHGHSASQAI.
'EFH GAR "OI2 SWKRATH 'ENTUCEIN LELOUMENON TE-KAI TA$
BLAUTA$ "UPODEDEMENON, "A 'EKEINO$ 'OLIGAKI$ 'EPOIEI; KAI 'ERESQAI
'AUTON "OPOI 'IOI "OUTW KALO$ GEGENHMENO$.
KAI TON 'EIPEIN "OTI4 'EPI DEIPNON 'EI$ 'AGAQWNO$. CQE$ GAR
'AUTON DIEFUGON TOI$ 'EPINIKIOI$, FOBHQEI$ TON 'OCLON; "WMOLOGHSA
D' 'EI$ THMERON PARESESQAI. TAUTA DH 'EKALLWPISAMHN,
"INA KALO$ PARA KALON 'IW. 'ALLA= SU, 'H*-D'-"O$, PW*$
<P 174B>
'ECEI$ PRO$ TO 'EQELEIN 'AN4 'IENAI 'AKLHTO$ 'EPI DEIPNON:
'KAGW, 'EFH, 'EIPON "OTI4 "OUTW$ "OPW$ 'AN4 SU KELEUHI$.
"EPOU TOINUN, 'EFH, "INA KAI THN PAROIMIAN DIAFQEIRWMEN
METABALONTE$, "W$ 'A=RA-KAI 'AGA=QWN'1 'EPI9 DAITA$9 'IASIN9
'AUTOMATOI9 'AGAQOI9. "OMHRO$ MEN-GAR KINDUNEUEI0 'OU MONON
DIAFQEIRAI0 'ALLA=-KAI "UBRISAI0 'EI$ TAUTHN THN PAROIMIAN;
POIHSA$ GAR TON 'AGAMEMNONA DIAFERONTW$ 'AGAQON 'ANDRA
<P 174C>
TA POLEMIKA, TON DE MENELEWN MALQAKON9 'AICMHTHN9,
QUSIAN POIOUMENOU KAI "ESTIWNTO$ TOU* 'AGAMEMNONO$ 'AKLHTON
'EPOIHSEN 'ELQONTA TON MENELEWN 'EPI THN QOINHN, CEIRW 'ONTA
'EPI THN TOU* 'AMEINONO$.
TAUT' 'AKOUSA$ 'EIPEIN 'EFH 'ISW$ MENTOI KINDUNEUSW2 KAI
'EGW 'OUC "W$ SU LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALLA= KAQ' "OMHRON
FAULO$ 'WN 'EPI SOFOU 'ANDRO$ 'IENAI QOINHN 'AKLHTO$. "ORA 'OUN
'AGWN ME TI= 'APOLOGHSHI2, "W$ 'EGW MEN 'OUC "OMOLOGHSW2 'AKLHTO$
<P 174D>
"HKEIN, 'ALL' "UPO SOU4 KEKLHMENO$.
SUN9 TE9 DU'9, 'EFH, 'ERCOMENW9 PRO "ODOU BOULEUSOMEQA
"OTI2 'EROUMEN2. 'ALL' 'IWMEN.
TOIAUT' 'ATTA SFA$ 'EFH DIALECQENTA$ 'IENAI. TON 'OUN
SWKRATH "EAUTWI PW$ PROSECONTA TON NOUN KATA THN "ODON
POREUESQAI "UPOLEIPOMENON, KAI PERIMENONTO$ "OU0 KELEUEIN
PROIENAI 'EI$ TO PROSQEN. 'EPEIDH DE GENESQAI 'EPI THI 'OIKIA\
<P 174E>
THI 'AGAQWNO$, 'ANEWIGMENHN KATALAMBANEIN THN QURAN, KAI TI
'EFH 'AUTOQI GELOION PAQEIN. "OI2 MEN-GAR 'EUQU$ PAIDA TINA
TWN 'ENDOQEN 'APANTHSANTA 'AGEIN "OU4 KATEKEINTO "OI 'ALLOI, KAI
KATALAMBANEIN 'HDH MELLONTA$ DEIPNEIN; 'EUQU$ D'-'OUN "W$
'IDEIN TON 'AGAQWNA, 'W* FANAI0, 'ARISTODHME, 'EI$ KALON "HKEI$
"OPW$ SUNDEIPNHSHI$; 'EI D' 'ALLOU TINO$ "ENEKA 'HLQE$, 'EI$ 'AUQI$
'ANABALOU, "W$ KAI CQE$ ZHTWN SE "INA KALESAIMI, 'OUC "OIO$-T'-'H*2
'IDEIN. 'ALLA= SWKRATH "HMIN PW*$ 'OUK 'AGEI$:
KAI 'EGW, 'EFH, METASTREFOMENO$ 'OUDAMOU "ORW0 SWKRATH
"EPOMENON; 'EIPON 'OUN "OTI4 KAI 'AUTO$ META SWKRATOU$ "HKOIMI,
KLHQEI$ "UP' 'EKEINOU DEUR' 'EPI DEIPNON.
KALW$ G', 'EFH, POIW*N SU; 'ALLA= POU* 'ESTIN "OUTO$:


<P 175A>
'OPISQEN 'EMOU4 'ARTI 'EISHIEI; 'ALLA= QAUMAZW0 KAI 'AUTO$ POU*
'AN4 'EIH.
'OU SKEYHI2, 'EFH, PAI, FANAI0 TON 'AGAQWNA, KAI 'EISAXEI$
SWKRATH: SU D', 'H*-D'-"O$, 'ARISTODHME, PAR' 'ERUXIMACON
KATAKLINOU.
KAI "E MEN 'EFH 'APONIZEIN TON PAIDA "INA KATAKEOITO; 'ALLON
DE TINA TWN PAIDWN "HKEIN 'AGGELLONTA "OTI4 SWKRATH$ "OUTO$
'ANACWRHSA$ 'EN TW*I TWN GEITONWN PROQURWI "ESTHKEN0, 'KAMOU4
KALOUNTO$0 'OUK 'EQELEI0 'EISIENAI.
'ATOPON G', 'EFH, LEGEI$; 'OU=KOUN KALEI$2 'AUTON KAI MH
'AFHSEI$:
<P 175B>
KAI "O$ 'EFH 'EIPEIN MHDAMW$, 'ALL' 'EATE3 'AUTON. 'EQO$ GAR
TI TOUT' 'ECEI0. 'ENIOTE 'APOSTA$ "OPOI 'AN4 TUCHI6 "ESTHKEN0. "HXEI2
D' 'AUTIKA, "W$ 'EGW 'OIMAI. MH-'OUN KINEITE3, 'ALL' 'EATE3.
'ALL' "OUTW CRH POIEIN, 'EI SOI4 DOKEI0, 'EFH FANAI0 TON
'AGAQWNA. 'ALL' "HMA$, 'W* PAIDE$, TOU$ 'ALLOU$ "ESTIATE3.
PANTW$ PARATIQETE3 "OTI2 'AN4 BOULHSQE, 'EPEIDAN TI$ "UMIN MH
'EFESTHKHI % "O= 'EGW 'OUDEPWPOTE 'EPOIHSA % NU*N 'OUN, NOMIZONTE$
KAI 'EME "UF' "UMWN KEKLHSQAI 'EPI DEIPNON KAI TOUSDE TOU$
<P 175C>
'ALLOU$, QERAPEUETE3, "IN' "UMA$ 'EPAINWMEN.
META TAUTA 'EFH SFA$ MEN DEIPNEIN, TON DE SWKRATH
'OUK 'EISIENAI. TON 'OUN 'AGAQWNA POLLAKI$ KELEUEIN METAPEMYASQAI
TON SWKRATH, "E DE 'OUK 'EA*N. "HKEIN 'OUN 'AUTON 'OU
POLUN CRONON "W$ 'EIWQEI DIATRIYANTA, 'ALLA= MALISTA SFA$
MESOUN0 DEIPNOUNTA$. TON 'OUN 'AGAQWNA % TUGCANEIN GAR
'ESCATON KATAKEIMENON MONON % DEUR', 'EFH FANAI0, SWKRATE$,
PAR' 'EME KATAKEISO, "INA KAI TOU* SOFOU "APTOMENO$ SOU4
<P 175D>
'APOLAUSW4, "O= SOI4 PROSESTH 'EN TOI$ PROQUROI$. DHLON GAR
"OTI4 "HURE$ 'AUTO KAI 'ECEI$; 'OU-GAR 'AN4 PROAPESTH$.
KAI TON SWKRATH KAQIZESQAI KAI 'EIPEIN "OTI4 'EU 'AN4 'ECOI,
FANAI0, 'W* 'AGAQWN, 'EI TOIOUTON 'EIH "H SOFIA "WST' 'EK TOU* PLHRESTEROU
'EI$ TO KENWTERON "REIN "HMWN, 'EA=N "APTWMEQA 'ALLHLWN,
"WSPER TO 'EN TAI$ KULIXIN "UDWR TO DIA= TOU* 'ERIOU "REON 'EK TH$
PLHRESTERA$ 'EI$ THN KENWTERAN. 'EI GAR "OUTW$ 'ECEI0 KAI "H
<P 175E>
SOFIA, POLLOU TIMWMAI0 THN PARA SOI4 KATAKLISIN; 'OIMAI GAR
ME PARA SOU4 POLLH$ KAI KALH$ SOFIA$ PLHRWQHSESQAI. "H MEN-GAR
'EMH FAULH TI$ 'AN4 'EIH, 'H=-KAI 'AMFISBHTHSIMO$ "WSPER 'ONAR
'OUSA, "H DE SH LAMPRA TE-KAI POLLHN 'EPIDOSIN 'ECOUSA, "H= GE
PARA SOU4 NEOU 'ONTO$ "OUTW SFO=DRA 'EXELAMYEN KAI 'EKFANH$
'EGENETO PRWIHN 'EN MARTUSI TWN "ELLHNWN PLEON 'H= TRISMURIOI$.
"UBRISTH$ 'EI*, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, "O 'AGA=QWN. KAI TAUTA
MEN-KAI 'OLIGON "USTERON DIADIKASOMEQA 'EGW TE-KAI SU PERI=
TH$ SOFIA$, DIKASTHI CRWMENOI TW*I DIONUSWI; NU*N DE PRO$ TO
DEIPNON PRWTA TREPOU.


<P 176A>
META TAUTA, 'EFH, KATAKLINENTO$ TOU* SWKRATOU$ KAI
DEIPNHSANTO$ KAI TWN 'ALLWN, SPONDA$ TE SFA$ POIHSASQAI,
KAI 'A\SANTA$ TON QEON KAI 'TALLA TA NOMIZOMENA, TREPESQAI
PRO$ TON POTON; TON 'OUN PAUSANIAN 'EFH LOGOU TOIOUTOU
TINO$ KATARCEIN. 'EIEN, 'ANDRE$, FANAI0, TI=NA TROPON "RA*ISTA
PIOMEQA: 'EGW MEN-'OUN LEGW0 "UMIN "OTI4 TW*I-'ONTI PANU CALEPW$
'ECW0 "UPO TOU* CQE$ POTOU KAI DEOMAI 'ANAYUCH$ TINO$ % 'OIMAI
DE-KAI "UMWN TOU$ POLLOU$; PARHSTE GAR CQE$ % SKOPEISQE3
<P 176B>
'OUN TI=NI TROPWI 'AN4 "W$ "RA*ISTA PINOIMEN.
TON 'OUN 'ARISTOFANH 'EIPEIN, TOUTO MENTOI 'EU LEGEI$, 'W*
PAUSANIA, TO PANTI TROPWI PARASKEUASASQAI "RA\STWNHN TINA
TH$ POSEW$; KAI-GAR 'AUTO$ 'EIMI TWN CQE$ BEBAPTISMENWN.
'AKOUSANTA 'OUN 'AUTWN 'EFH 'ERUXIMACON TON 'AKOUMENOU
'H* KALW$, FANAI0, LEGETE0. KAI 'ETI "ENO$ DEOMAI "UMWN 'AKOUSAI0
PW*$ 'ECEI0 PRO$ TO 'ERRWSQAI PINEIN, 'AGAQWNO$7.
'OUDAMW$, FANAI0, 'OUD' 'AUTO$ 'ERRWMAI.
<P 176C>
"ERMAION 'AN4 'EIH "HMIN, 'H*-D'-"O$, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'EMOI4 TE-KAI
'ARISTODHMWI KAI FAIDRWI KAI TOISDE, 'EI "UMEI$ "OI DUNATWTATOI
PINEIN NU*N 'APEIRHKATE; "HMEI$ MEN-GAR 'AEI 'ADUNATOI. SWKRATH
D' 'EXAIRW0 LOGOU; "IKANO$ GAR-KAI 'AMFO=TERA, "WST'
'EXARKESEI2 'AUTWI "OPO=TER' 'AN4 POIWMEN. 'EPEIDH 'OUN MOI DOKEI0
'OUDEI$ TWN PARONTWN0 PROQUMW$ 'ECEIN PRO$ TO POLUN PINEIN
'OINON, 'ISW$ 'AN4 'EGW PERI= TOU* MEQUSKESQAI "OION 'ESTI 'TALHQH
LEGWN "HTTON 'AN4 'EIHN 'AHDH$. 'EMOI4 GAR-DH TOUTO GE 'OIMAI
<P 176D>
KATADHLON GEGONENAI 'EK TH$ 'IATRIKH$, "OTI4 CALEPON TOI$
'ANQRWPOI$ "H MEQH 'ESTIN; KAI-'OUTE 'AUTO$ "EKWN 'EINAI PORRW
'EQELHSAIMI 'AN4 PIEIN 'OUTE 'ALLWI SUMBOULEUSAIMI, 'ALLW$ TE
KAI KRAIPALWNTA 'ETI 'EK TH$ PROTERAIA$.
'ALLA=-MHN, 'EFH FANAI0 "UPOLABONTA FAIDRON TON MURRINOUSION,
'EGWGE SOI4 'EIWQA PEIQESQAI 'ALLW$ TE KAI "ATT' 'AN4 PERI=
'IATRIKH$ LEGHI$; NU*N D', 'AN2 'EU BOULEUWNTAI, KAI "OI LOIPOI.
<P 176E>
TAUTA DH 'AKOUSANTA$ SUGCWREIN PANTA$ MH DIA= MEQH$
POIHSASQAI THN 'EN TW*I PARONTI SUNOUSIAN, 'ALL' "OUTW PINONTA$
PRO$ "HDONHN.
'EPEIDH TOINUN, FANAI0 TON 'ERUXIMACON, TOUTO MEN DEDOKTAI,
PINEIN "OSON 'AN4 "EKASTO$ BOULHTAI, 'EPANAGKE$ DE MHDEN
'EINAI, TO META TOUTO 'EISHGOUMAI THN MEN 'ARTI 'EISELQOUSAN
'AULHTRIDA CAIREIN 'EA*N, 'AULOUSAN "EAUTHI 'H= 'AN2 BOULHTAI TAI$
GUNAIXI TAI$ 'ENDON, "HMA$ DE DIA= LOGWN 'ALLHLOI$ SUNEINAI
TO THMERON; KAI DI' "OIWN LOGWN, 'EI BOULESQE0, 'EQELW0 "UMIN
'EISHGHSASQAI.


<P 177A>
FANAI0 DH PANTA$ KAI BOULESQAI KAI KELEUEIN 'AUTON
'EISHGEISQAI. 'EIPEIN 'OUN TON 'ERUXIMACON "OTI4 "H MEN MOI
'ARCH TOU* LOGOU 'ESTI KATA THN 'EURIPIDOU MELANIPPHN; 'OU9-GAR
'EMO$9 "O9 MUQO$9, 'ALLA=9 FAIDROU TOUDE, "ON MELLW0 LEGEIN.
FAIDRO$ GAR "EKASTOTE PRO$ ME 'AGANAKTWN LEGEI0 'OU DEINON,
FHSIN, 'W* 'ERUXIMACE, 'ALLOI$ MEN TISI QEWN "UMNOU$ KAI
PAIWNA$ 'EINAI "UPO TWN POIHTWN PEPOIHMENOU$, TW*I DE 'ERWTI,
THLIKOUTWI 'ONTI KAI TOSOUTWI QEWI, MHDE "ENA PWPOTE TOSOUTWN
<P 177B>
GEGONOTWN POIHTWN PEPOIHKENAI MHDEN 'EGKWMION: 'EI DE BOULEI
'AU SKEYASQAI TOU$ CRHSTOU$ SOFISTA$, "HRAKLEOU$ MEN-KAI
'ALLWN 'EPAINOU$ KATALOGADHN SUGGRAFEIN, "WSPER "O BELTISTO$
PRODIKO$ % KAI TOUTO MEN "HTTON KAI QAUMASTON, 'ALL' 'EGWGE
'HDH TINI 'ENETUCON BIBLIWI 'ANDRO$ SOFOU, 'EN "WI 'ENHSAN "ALE$
'EPAINON QAUMASION 'ECONTE$ PRO$ 'WFELIAN, KAI 'A=LLA TOIAUTA
<P 177C>
SUCNA 'IDOI$ 'AN4 'EGKEKWMIASMENA % TO 'OUN TOIOUTWN MEN PE=RI
POLLHN SPOUDHN POIHSASQAI, 'ERWTA DE MHDENA PW 'ANQRWPWN
TETOLMHKENAI 'EI$ TAUTHNI THN "HMERAN 'AXIW$ "UMNHSAI0; 'ALL'
"OUTW$ 'HMELHTAI TOSOUTO$ QEO$. TAUTA DH MOI DOKEI0 'EU
LEGEIN FAIDRO$. 'EGW 'OUN 'EPIQUMW0 "AMA MEN TOUTWI 'ERANON
'EISENEGKEIN KAI CARISASQAI, "AMA D' 'EN TW*I PARONTI PREPON
MOI DOKEI0 'EINAI "HMIN TOI$ PAROUSI KOSMHSAI0 TON QEON. 'EI 'OUN
<P 177D>
SUNDOKEI0 KAI "UMIN, GENOIT' 'AN4 "HMIN 'EN LOGOI$ "IKANH DIATRIBH;
DOKEI0 GAR MOI CRHNAI0 "EKASTON "HMWN LOGON 'EIPEIN 'EPAINON
'ERWTO$ 'EPI DEXIA "W$ 'AN4 DUNHTAI KALLISTON, 'ARCEIN DE
FAIDRON PRWTON, 'EPEIDH KAI PRWTO$ KATAKEITAI KAI 'ESTIN
"AMA PATHR TOU* LOGOU.
'OUDEI$ SOI4, 'W* 'ERUXIMACE, FANAI0 TON SWKRATH, 'ENANTIA
YHFIEITAI. 'OUTE-GAR 'AN4 POU 'EGW 'APOFHSAIMI, "O$ 'OUDEN
FHMI 'ALLO 'EPISTASQAI 'H= TA 'ERWTIKA, 'OUTE-POU 'AGA=QWN KAI
<P 177E>
PAUSANIA$, 'OUDE-MHN 'ARISTOFANH$, "WI PERI= DIONUSON KAI
'AFRODITHN PASA "H DIATRIBH, 'OUDE 'ALLO$ 'OUDEI$ TOUTWNI "WN
'EGW "ORW0. KAITOI 'OUK 'EX 'ISOU GIGNETAI "HMIN TOI$ "USTATOI$
KATAKEIMENOI$; 'ALL' 'EA=N "OI PROSQEN "IKANW$ KAI KALW$
'EIPWSIN, 'EXARKESEI2 "HMIN. 'ALLA= TUCHI 'AGAQHI KATARCETW
FAIDRO$ KAI 'EGKWMIAZETW TON 'ERWTA.
TAUTA DH-KAI "OI 'ALLOI PANTE$ 'A=RA SUNEFASAN TE-KAI


<P 178A>
'EKELEUON "APER "O SWKRATH$. PANTWN MEN-'OUN "A "EKASTO$
'EI*PEN, 'OUTE PANU "O 'ARISTODHMO$ 'EMEMNHTO 'OUT' 'AU 'EGW
"A 'EKEINO$ 'ELEGE PANTA; "A DE MALISTA KAI "WN 'EDOXE
MOI 'AXIOMNHMONEUTON, TOUTWN "UMIN 'ERW2 "EKASTOU TON
LOGON.
PRWTON MEN-GAR, "WSPER LEGW0, 'EFH FAIDRON 'ARXAMENON
'ENQENDE POQEN LEGEIN, "OTI4 MEGA$ QEO$ 'EIH "O 'ERW$ KAI
QAUMASTO$ 'EN 'ANQRWPOI$ TE-KAI QEOI$, POLLACHI MEN-KAI 'ALLHI,
'OUC "HKISTA DE KATA THN GENESIN. TO GAR 'EN TOI$ PRESBUTATON
<P 178B>
'EINAI TON QEON TIMION, 'H*-D'-"O$, TEKMHRION DE TOUTOU;
GONH$ GAR 'ERWTO$ 'OUT' 'EISIN 'OUTE LEGONTAI "UP' 'OUDENO$ 'OUTE
'IDIWTOU 'OUTE POIHTOU, 'ALL' "HSIODO$ PRWTON MEN CAO$ FHSI
GENESQAI %
'AUTAR9 'EPEITA9
GAI'9 'EURUSTERNO$9, PANTWN9 "EDO$9 'ASFALE$9 'AIEI9,
'HD'9 'ERO$9
"HSIODWI DE-KAI 'AKOUSILEW$ SUMFHSIN META TO CAO$ DUO
TOUTW GENESQAI, GHN TE-KAI 'ERWTA. PARMENIDH$ DE THN
GENESIN LEGEI0 %
PRWTISTON9 MEN9 'ERWTA9 QEWN9 MHTISATO9 PANTWN9.
<P 178C>
"OUTW POLLACOQEN "OMOLOGEITAI "O 'ERW$ 'EN TOI$ PRESBUTATO$
'EINAI. PRESBUTATO$ DE 'WN MEGISTWN 'AGAQWN "HMIN
'AITIO$ 'ESTIN. 'OU-GAR 'EGWG' 'ECW0 'EIPEIN "OTI2 MEIZON 'ESTIN
'AGAQON 'EUQU$ NEWI 'ONTI 'H= 'ERASTH$ CRHSTO$ KAI 'ERASTHI
PAIDIKA. "O= GAR CRH 'ANQRWPOI$ "HGEISQAI PANTO$ TOU* BIOU
TOI$ MELLOUSI4 KALW$ BIWSESQAI, TOUTO 'OUTE SUGGENEIA "OI=A-TE
'EMPOIEIN "OUTW KALW$ 'OUTE TIMAI 'OUTE PLOUTO$ 'OUT' 'ALLO
<P 178D>
'OUDEN "W$ 'ERW$. LEGW0 DE-DH TI= TOUTO: THN 'EPI MEN TOI$
'AISCROI$ 'AISCUNHN, 'EPI DE TOI$ KALOI$ FILOTIMIAN; 'OU-GAR
'ESTIN2 'ANEU TOUTWN 'OUTE POLIN 'OUTE 'IDIWTHN MEGALA KAI
KALA 'ERGA 'EXERGAZESQAI. FHMI TOINUN 'EGW 'ANDRA "OSTI$
'ERA*I0, 'EI TI 'AISCRON POIW*N KATADHLO$ GIGNOITO 'H= PASCWN
"UPO TOU DI' 'ANANDRIAN MH 'AMUNOMENO$, 'OUT' 'AN4 "UPO PATRO$
'OFQENTA "OUTW$ 'ALGHSAI0 'OUTE "UPO "ETAIRWN 'OUTE "UP' 'ALLOU
<P 178E>
'OUDENO$ "W$ "UPO PAIDIKWN. 'TAUTON DE TOUTO KAI TON 'ERWMENON
"ORWMEN0, "OTI4 DIAFERONTW$ TOU$ 'ERASTA$ 'AISCUNETAI,
"OTAN 'OFQHI 'EN 'AISCRWI TINI 'WN. 'EI 'OUN MHCANH TI$ GENOITO
"WSTE POLIN GENESQAI 'H= STRATOPEDON 'ERASTWN TE-KAI PAIDIKWN,
'OUK 'ESTIN "OPW$ 'AN4 'AMEINON 'OIKHSEIAN THN "EAUTWN 'H=
'APECOMENOI PANTWN TWN 'AISCRWN KAI FILOTIMOUMENOI PRO$


<P 179A>
'ALLHLOU$, KAI MACOMENOI G' 'AN4 MET' 'ALLHLWN "OI TOIOUTOI
NIKWIEN 'AN4 'OLIGOI 'ONTE$ "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN PANTA$ 'ANQRWPOU$.
'ERWN GAR 'ANHR "UPO PAIDIKWN 'OFQHNAI 'H= LIPWN TAXIN 'H=
"OPLA 'APOBALWN2 "HTTON 'AN4 DHPOU DEXAITO 'H= "UPO PANTWN TWN
'ALLWN, KAI PRO TOUTOU TEQNANAI 'AN4 POLLAKI$ "ELOITO. KAI-MHN
'EGKATALIPEIN GE TA PAIDIKA 'H= MH BOHQHSAI0 KINDUNEUONTI %
'OUDEI$ "OUTW KAKO$ "ONTINA 'OUK 'AN4 'AUTO$ "O 'ERW$ 'ENQEON
POIHSEIE PRO$ 'ARETHN, "WSTE "OMOION 'EINAI TW*I 'ARISTWI FUSEI;
<P 179B>
KAI 'ATECNW$, "O= 'EFH "OMHRO$, MENO$9 'EMPNEUSAI9 'ENIOI$
TWN "HRWWN TON QEON, TOUTO "O 'ERW$ TOI$ 'ERWSI4 PARECEI0
GIGNOMENON PAR' "AUTOU.
KAI-MHN "UPERAPOQNHISKEIN GE MONOI 'EQELOUSIN0 "OI 'ERWNTE$,
'OU MONON "OTI4 'ANDRE$, 'ALLA=-KAI "AI GUNAIKE$. TOUTOU DE-KAI
"H PELIOU QUGATHR 'ALKHSTI$ "IKANHN MARTURIAN PARECETAI
"UPER TOUDE TOU* LOGOU 'EI$ TOU$ "ELLHNA$, 'EQELHSASA MONH
"UPER TOU* "AUTH$ 'ANDRO$ 'APOQANEIN, 'ONTWN0 'AUTWI PATRO$ TE-KAI
<P 179C>
MHTRO$, "OU$ 'EKEINH TOSOUTON "UPEREBALETO THI FILIA\ DIA=
TON 'ERWTA, "WSTE 'APODEIXAI0 'AUTOU$ 'ALLOTRIOU$ 'ONTA$ TW*I "UEI
KAI 'ONOMATI MONON PROSHKONTA$, KAI TOUT' 'ERGASAMENH TO
'ERGON "OUTW KALON 'EDOXEN 'ERGASASQAI 'OU MONON 'ANQRWPOI$
'ALLA=-KAI QEOI$, "WSTE POLLWN POLLA KAI KALA 'ERGASAMENWN
'EUARIQMHTOI$ DH TISIN 'EDOSAN TOUTO GERA$ "OI QEOI, 'EX "AIDOU
'ANEINAI0 PALIN THN YUCHN, 'ALLA= THN 'EKEINH$ 'ANEISAN 'AGASQENTE$
<P 179D>
TW*I 'ERGWI; "OUTW KAI QEOI THN PERI= TON 'ERWTA SPOUDHN
TE-KAI 'ARETHN MALISTA TIMWSIN0. 'ORFEA DE TON 'OIAGROU
'ATELH 'APEPEMYAN 'EX "AIDOU, FASMA DEIXANTE$ TH$ GUNAIKO$
'EF' "HN "HKEN, 'AUTHN DE 'OU DONTE$, "OTI4 MALQAKIZESQAI 'EDOKEI,
"ATE 'WN KIQARWIDO$, KAI 'OU TOLMAN "ENEKA TOU* 'ERWTO$
'APOQNHISKEIN "WSPER 'ALKHSTI$, 'ALLA= DIAMHCANASQAI ZWN
'EISIENAI 'EI$ "AIDOU. TOIGARTOI DIA= TAUTA DIKHN 'AUTWI 'EPEQESAN,
KAI 'EPOIHSAN TON QANATON 'AUTOU4 "UPO GUNAIKWN
<P 179E>
GENESQAI, 'OUC "WSPER 'ACILLEA TON TH$ QETIDO$ "UON 'ETIMHSAN
KAI 'EI$ MAKARWN NHSOU$ 'APEPEMYAN, "OTI4 PEPUSMENO$
PARA TH$ MHTRO$ "W$ 'APOQANOITO 'APOKTEINA$ "EKTORA, MH
POIHSA$ DE TOUTO 'OIKADE 'ELQWN GHRAIO$ TELEUTHSOI,
'ETOLMHSEN "ELESQAI BOHQHSA$ TW*I 'ERASTHI PATROKLWI KAI


<P 180A>
TIMWRHSA$ 'OU MONON "UPERAPOQANEIN 'ALLA=-KAI 'EPAPOQANEIN
TETELEUTHKOTI; "OQEN DH-KAI "UPERAGASQENTE$ "OI QEOI DIAFERONTW$
'AUTON 'ETIMHSAN, "OTI4 TON 'ERASTHN "OUTW PERI= POLLOU
'EPOIEITO. 'AISCULO$ DE FLUAREI0 FASKWN 'ACILLEA PATROKLOU
'ERAN, "O$ 'H*N KALLIWN 'OU MONON PATROKLOU 'ALL'
"AMA KAI TWN "HRWWN "APANTWN, KAI 'ETI 'AGENEIO$, 'EPEITA
NEWTERO$ POLU, "W$ FHSIN "OMHRO$. 'ALLA=-GAR TW*I-'ONTI
MALISTA MEN TAUTHN THN 'ARETHN "OI QEOI TIMWSIN0 THN PERI=
<P 180B>
TON 'ERWTA, MALLON MENTOI QAUMAZOUSIN0 KAI 'AGANTAI KAI
'EU POIOUSIN0 "OTAN "O 'ERWMENO$ TON 'ERASTHN 'AGAPA*I2 'H= "OTAN
"O 'ERASTH$ TA PAIDIKA. QEIOTERON GAR 'ERASTH$ PAIDIKWN;
'ENQEO$ GAR 'ESTI. DIA= TAUTA KAI TON 'ACILLEA TH$ 'ALKHSTIDO$
MALLON 'ETIMHSAN, 'EI$ MAKARWN NHSOU$ 'APOPEMYANTE$.
"OUTW DH 'EGWGE FHMI 'ERWTA QEWN KAI PRESBUTATON KAI
TIMIWTATON KAI KURIWTATON 'EINAI 'EI$ 'ARETH$ KAI 'EUDAIMONIA$
KTHSIN 'ANQRWPOI$ KAI ZWSI4 KAI TELEUTHSASIN.
<P 180C>
FAIDRON MEN TOIOUTON TINA LOGON 'EFH 'EIPEIN, META DE
FAIDRON 'ALLOU$ TINA$ 'EINAI "WN 'OU PANU DIEMNHMONEUE; "OU$
PAREI$ TON PAUSANIOU LOGON DIHGEITO. 'EIPEIN D' 'AUTON
"OTI4 'OU KALW$ MOI DOKEI0, 'W* FAIDRE, PROBEBLHSQAI "HMIN
"O LOGO$, TO "APLW$ "OUTW$ PARHGGELQAI 'EGKWMIAZEIN 'ERWTA.
'EI MEN-GAR "EI$ 'H*N "O 'ERW$, KALW$ 'AN4 'EICE, NU*N DE-'OU-GAR
'ESTIN "EI$; MH 'ONTO$ DE "ENO$ 'ORQOTERON 'ESTI PROTERON PRORRHQHNAI
<P 180D>
"OPOION DEI 'EPAINEIN. 'EGW 'OUN PEIRASOMAI TOUTO
'EPANORQWSASQAI, PRWTON MEN 'ERWTA FRASAI0 "ON DEI 'EPAINEIN,
'EPEITA 'EPAINESAI0 'AXIW$ TOU* QEOU. PANTE$ GAR 'ISMEN
"OTI4 'OUK 'ESTIN 'ANEU 'ERWTO$ 'AFRODITH. MIA$ MEN-'OUN
'OUSH$ "EI$ 'AN4 'H*N 'ERW$; 'EPEI DE-DH DUO 'ESTON0, DUO 'ANAGKH
KAI 'ERWTE 'EINAI. PW*$ D' 'OU DUO TW QEA: "H MEN-GE-POU
PRESBUTE=RA KAI 'AMHTWR 'OURANOU QUGATHR, "HN DH-KAI
'OURANIAN 'EPONOMAZOMEN; "H DE NEWTE=RA DIO$ KAI DIWNH$,
<P 180E>
"HN DH PANDHMON KALOUMEN0. 'ANAGKAION DH-KAI 'ERWTA TON
MEN THI "ETERA\ SUNERGON PANDHMON 'ORQW$ KALEISQAI0, TON DE
'OURANION. 'EPAINEIN MEN-'OUN DEI PANTA$ QEOU$, "A D'-'OUN
"EKATERO$ 'EILHCE PEIRATEON 'EIPEIN. PASA GAR PRAXI$ "WD'
'ECEI0; 'AUTH 'EF' "EAUTH$ PRATTOMENH 'OUTE KALH 'OUTE 'AISCRA.


<P 181A>
"OION "O= NU*N "HMEI$ POIOUMEN, 'H= PINEIN 'H= 'A\DEIN 'H= DIALEGESQAI,
'OUK 'ESTI TOUTWN 'AUTO KALON 'OUDEN, 'ALL' 'EN THI PRAXEI, "W$
'AN4 PRACQHI, TOIOUTON 'APEBH; KALW$ MEN-GAR PRATTOMENON
KAI 'ORQW$ KALON GIGNETAI, MH 'ORQW$ DE 'AISCRON. "OUTW DH-KAI
TO 'ERAN KAI "O 'ERW$ 'OU PA$ 'ESTI KALO$ 'OUDE 'AXIO$
'EGKWMIAZESQAI, 'ALLA= "O KALW$ PROTREPWN 'ERAN.
"O MEN-'OUN TH$ PANDHMOU 'AFRODITH$ "W$ 'ALHQW$ PANDHMO$
<P 181B>
'ESTI KAI 'EXERGAZETAI "OTI2 'AN4 TUCHI6; KAI "OUTO$ 'ESTIN
"ON "OI FAULOI TWN 'ANQRWPWN 'ERWSIN0. 'ERWSI0 DE "OI TOIOUTOI
PRWTON MEN 'OUC "HTTON GUNAIKWN 'H= PAIDWN, 'EPEITA "WN KAI
'ERWSI0 TWN SWMATWN MALLON 'H= TWN YUCWN, 'EPEITA "W$ 'AN4
DUNWNTAI 'ANOHTOTATWN, PRO$ TO DIAPRAXASQAI MONON BLEPONTE$,
'AMELOUNTE$ DE TOU* KALW$ 'H= MH; "OQEN DH SUMBAINEI0
'AUTOI$ "OTI2 'AN4 TUCWSI TOUTO PRATTEIN, "OMOIW$ MEN 'AGAQON,
"OMOIW$ DE 'TOUNANTION. 'ESTI GAR-KAI 'APO TH$ QEOU NEWTERA$
<P 181C>
TE 'OUSH$ POLU 'H= TH$ "ETERA$, KAI METECOUSH$ 'EN THI GENESEI
KAI QHLEO$ KAI 'ARRENO$. "O DE TH$ 'OURANIA$ PRWTON MEN 'OU
METECOUSH$ QHLEO$ 'ALL' 'ARRENO$ MONON % KAI 'ESTIN "OUTO$ "O
TWN PAIDWN 'ERW$ % 'EPEITA PRESBUTERA$, "UBREW$ 'AMOIROU; "OQEN
DH 'EPI TO 'ARREN TREPONTAI "OI 'EK TOUTOU TOU* 'ERWTO$ 'EPIPNOI,
TO FUSEI 'ERRWMENESTERON KAI NOUN MALLON 'ECON 'AGAPWNTE$.
KAI TI$ 'AN4 GNOIH KAI 'EN 'AUTHI THI PAIDERASTIA\ TOU$ 'EILIKRINW$
<P 181D>
"UPO TOUTOU TOU* 'ERWTO$ "WRMHMENOU$; 'OU-GAR 'ERWSI0 PAIDWN,
'ALL' 'EPEIDAN 'HDH 'ARCWNTAI NOUN 'ISCEIN, TOUTO DE PLHSIAZEI0
TW*I GENEIASKEIN. PARESKEUASMENOI GAR 'OIMAI 'EISIN "OI 'ENTEUQEN
'ARCOMENOI 'ERAN "W$ TON BION "APANTA SUNESOMENOI
KAI KOINHI SUMBIWSOMENOI, 'ALL' 'OUK 'EXAPATHSANTE$, 'EN
'AFROSUNHI LABONTE$ "W$ NEON, KATAGELASANTE$ 'OICHSESQAI
'EP' 'ALLON 'APOTRECONTE$. CRHN DE-KAI NOMON 'EINAI MH 'ERAN
<P 181E>
PAIDWN, "INA MH 'EI$ 'ADHLON POLLH SPOUDH 'ANHLISKETO; TO
GAR TWN PAIDWN TELO$ 'ADHLON "OI*4 TELEUTA*I0 KAKIA$ KAI 'ARETH$
YUCH$ TE PE=RI KAI SWMATO$. "OI MEN-'OUN 'AGAQOI TON NOMON
TOUTON 'AUTOI "AUTOI$ "EKONTE$ TIQENTAI, CRHN DE-KAI TOUTOU$
TOU$ PANDHMOU$ 'ERASTA$ PROSANAGKAZEIN TO TOIOUTON, "WSPER
KAI TWN 'ELEUQERWN GUNAIKWN PROSANAGKAZOMEN 'AUTOU$ KAQ'


<P 182A>
"OSON DUNAMEQA MH 'ERAN. "OUTOI GAR 'EISIN "OI KAI TO 'ONEIDO$
PEPOIHKOTE$, "WSTE TINA$ TOLMAN LEGEIN "W$ 'AISCRON CARIZESQAI
'ERASTAI$; LEGOUSI0 DE 'EI$ TOUTOU$ 'APOBLEPONTE$,
"ORWNTE$ 'AUTWN THN 'AKAIRIAN KAI 'ADIKIAN, 'EPEI 'OU-DHPOU
KOSMIW$ GE-KAI NOMIMW$ "OTIOUN PRAGMA7 PRATTOMENON YOGON
'AN4 DIKAIW$ FEROI.
KAI-DH-KAI "O PERI= TON 'ERWTA NOMO$ 'EN MEN TAI$ 'ALLAI$
POLESI NOHSAI0 "RA\DIO$, "APLW$ GAR "WRISTAI; "O D' 'ENQADE
<P 182B>
KAI 'EN LAKEDAIMONI POIKILO$. 'EN 'HLIDI MEN-GAR-KAI 'EN
BOIWTOI$, KAI "OU4 MH SOFOI LEGEIN, "APLW$ NENOMOQETHTAI
KALON TO CARIZESQAI 'ERASTAI$, KAI 'OUK 'AN4 TI$ 'EIPOI 'OUTE
NEO$ 'OUTE PALAIO$ "W$ 'AISCRON, "INA 'OIMAI MH PRAGMAT'
'ECWSIN LOGWI PEIRWMENOI PEIQEIN TOU$ NEOU$, "ATE 'ADUNATOI
LEGEIN; TH$ DE 'IWNIA$ KAI 'ALLOQI POLLACOU 'AISCRON
NENOMISTAI, "OSOI "UPO BARBAROI$ 'OIKOUSIN0. TOI$ GAR BARBAROI$
DIA= TA$ TURANNIDA$ 'AISCRON TOUTO GE-KAI "H GE
<P 182C>
FILOSOFIA KAI "H FILOGUMNASTIA; 'OU-GAR 'OIMAI SUMFEREI0
TOI$ 'ARCOUSI4 FRONHMATA MEGALA 'EGGIGNESQAI TWN 'ARCOMENWN,
'OUDE FILIA$ 'ISCURA$ KAI KOINWNIA$, "O= DH MALISTA
FILEI0 TA TE 'A=LLA PANTA KAI "O 'ERW$ 'EMPOIEIN. 'ERGWI DE
TOUTO 'EMAQON KAI "OI 'ENQADE TURANNOI; "O GAR 'ARISTOGEITONO$
'ERW$ KAI "H "ARMODIOU FILIA BEBAIO$ GENOMENH KATELUSEN
'AUTWN THN 'ARCHN. "OUTW$ "OU4 MEN 'AISCRON 'ETEQH
<P 182D>
CARIZESQAI 'ERASTAI$, KAKIA\ TWN QEMENWN KEITAI, TWN MEN
'ARCONTWN0 PLEONEXIA\, TWN DE 'ARCOMENWN 'ANANDRIA\; "OU4 DE
KALON "APLW$ 'ENOMISQH, DIA= THN TWN QEMENWN TH$ YUCH$
'ARGIAN. 'ENQADE DE POLU TOUTWN KALLION NENOMOQETHTAI, KAI
"OPER 'EIPON, 'OU "RA\DION KATANOHSAI0. 'ENQUMHQENTI GAR "OTI4
LEGETAI KALLION TO FANERW$ 'ERAN TOU* LAQRA\, KAI MALISTA
TWN GENNAIOTATWN KAI 'ARISTWN, 'KAN2 'AISCIOU$ 'ALLWN 'WSI, KAI
"OTI4 'AU "H PARAKELEUSI$ TW*I 'ERWNTI PARA PANTWN QAUMASTH,
'OUC "W$ TI 'AISCRON POIOUNTI, KAI "ELONTI TE KALON DOKEI0 'EINAI
<P 182E>
KAI MH "ELONTI 'AISCRON, KAI PRO$ TO 'EPICEIREIN "ELEIN 'EXOUSIAN
"O NOMO$ DEDWKE0 TW*I 'ERASTHI QAUMASTA 'ERGA 'ERGAZOMENWI
'EPAINEISQAI, "A 'EI TI$ TOLMWIH POIEIN 'A=LL'2 "OTIOUN DIWKWN KAI


<P 183A>
BOULOMENO$ DIAPRAXASQAI PLHN TOUTO, FILOSOFIA$88 TA MEGISTA
KARPOIT' 'AN4 'ONEIDH % 'EI GAR 'H= CRHMATA BOULOMENO$
PARA TOU LABEIN 'H= 'ARCHN 'ARXAI0 'H= TINA 'ALLHN DUNAMIN
'EQELOI POIEIN "OI*APER "OI 'ERASTAI PRO$ TA PAIDIKA, "IKETEIA$
TE-KAI 'ANTIBOLHSEI$ 'EN TAI$ DEHSESIN POIOUMENOI, KAI "ORKOU$
'OMNUNTE$, KAI KOIMHSEI$ 'EPI QURAI$, KAI 'EQELONTE$ DOULEIA$
DOULEUEIN "OIA$ 'OUD' 'AN4 DOULO$ 'OUDEI$, 'EMPODIZOITO 'AN4 MH
PRATTEIN "OUTW THN PRAXIN KAI "UPO FILWN KAI "UPO 'ECQRWN,
<P 183B>
TWN MEN 'ONEIDIZONTWN0 KOLAKEIA$ KAI 'ANELEUQERIA$, TWN DE
NOUQETOUNTWN0 KAI 'AISCUNOMENWN "UPER 'AUTWN % TW*I D' 'ERWNTI
PANTA TAUTA POIOUNTI CARI$ 'EPESTI, KAI DEDOTAI "UPO TOU*
NOMOU 'ANEU 'ONEIDOU$ PRATTEIN, "W$ PAGKALON TI PRAGMA
DIAPRATTOMENOU; "O= DE DEINOTATON, "W$ GE LEGOUSIN0 "OI POLLOI,
"OTI4 KAI 'OMNUNTI MONWI SUGGNWMH PARA QEWN 'EKBANTI
TWN "ORKWN % 'AFRODISION GAR "ORKON 'OU FASIN0 'EINAI; "OUTW
<P 183C>
KAI "OI QEOI KAI "OI 'ANQRWPOI PASAN 'EXOUSIAN PEPOIHKASI TW*I
'ERWNTI, "W$ "O NOMO$ FHSIN "O 'ENQADE % TAUTHI MEN-'OUN 'OIHQEIH
'AN4 TI$ PAGKALON NOMIZESQAI 'EN THIDE THI POLEI KAI TO 'ERAN
KAI TO FILOU$ GIGNESQAI TOI$ 'ERASTAI$. 'EPEIDAN DE PAIDAGWGOU$
'EPISTHSANTE$ "OI PATERE$ TOI$ 'ERWMENOI$ MH 'EWSI3
DIALEGESQAI TOI$ 'ERASTAI$, KAI TW*I PAIDAGWGWI TAUTA PROSTETAGMENA-'HI,
"HLIKIWTAI DE-KAI "ETAIROI 'ONEIDIZWSIN 'EA=N TI
"ORWSIN3 TOIOUTON GIGNOMENON, KAI TOU$ 'ONEIDIZONTA$ 'AU "OI
<P 183D>
PRESBUTEROI MH DIAKWLUWSI MHDE LOIDORWSIN "W$ 'OUK 'ORQW$
LEGONTA$, 'EI$ DE TAUTA TI$ 'AU BLEYA$ "HGHSAIT' 'AN4 PALIN
'AISCISTON TO TOIOUTON 'ENQADE NOMIZESQAI. TO DE 'OIMAI "WD'
'ECEI0; 'OUC "APLOUN 'ESTIN, "OPER 'EX 'ARCH$ 'ELECQH 'OUTE KALON
'EINAI 'AUTO KAQ' "AUTO 'OUTE 'AISCRON, 'ALLA= KALW$ MEN PRATTOMENON
KALON, 'AISCRW$ DE 'AISCRON. 'AISCRW$ MEN-'OUN
'ESTI PONHRWI TE-KAI PONHRW$ CARIZESQAI, KALW$ DE CRHSTWI
TE-KAI KALW$. PONHRO$ D' 'ESTIN 'EKEINO$ "O 'ERASTH$ "O PANDHMO$,
<P 183E>
"O TOU* SWMATO$ MALLON 'H= TH$ YUCH$ 'ERWN; KAI-GAR-'OUDE
MONIMO$ 'ESTIN, "ATE 'OUDE MONIMOU 'ERWN PRAGMATO$.
"AMA GAR TW*I TOU* SWMATO$ 'ANQEI LHGONTI, "OUPER2 'HRA, 'OICETAI1
'APOPTAMENO$9, POLLOU$ LOGOU$ KAI "UPOSCESEI$ KATAISCUNA$;
"O DE TOU* 'HQOU$ CRHSTOU 'ONTO$ 'ERASTH$ DIA= BIOU
MENEI0, "ATE MONIMWI SUNTAKEI$. TOUTOU$ DH BOULETAI "O


<P 184A>
"HMETERO$ NOMO$ 'EU KAI KALW$ BASANIZEIN, KAI TOI$ MEN
CARISASQAI, TOU$ DE DIAFEUGEIN. DIA= TAUTA 'OUN TOI$ MEN
DIWKEIN PARAKELEUETAI, TOI$ DE FEUGEIN, 'AGWNOQETWN KAI
BASANIZWN POTERWN POTE 'ESTIN "O 'ERWN KAI POTERWN "O
'ERWMENO$. "OUTW DH "UPO TAUTH$ TH$ 'AITIA$ PRWTON MEN TO
"ALISKESQAI TACU 'AISCRON NENOMISTAI, "INA CRONO$ 'EGGENHTAI,
"O$ DH DOKEI0 TA POLLA KALW$ BASANIZEIN, 'EPEITA TO "UPO
CRHMATWN KAI "UPO POLITIKWN DUNAMEWN "ALWNAI0 'AISCRON,
<P 184B>
'EA=N TE KAKW$ PASCWN PTHXHI6 KAI MH KARTERHSHI6, 'AN2 T'
'EUERGETOUMENO$ 'EI$ CRHMATA 'H= 'EI$ DIAPRAXEI$ POLITIKA$ MH
KATAFRONHSHI6; 'OUDEN GAR DOKEI0 TOUTWN 'OUTE BEBAION 'OUTE
MONIMON 'EINAI, CWRI$ TOU* MHDE PEFUKENAI 'AP' 'AUTWN GENNAIAN
FILIAN. MIA DH LEIPETAI TW*I "HMETERWI NOMWI "ODO$, 'EI
MELLEI0 KALW$ CARIEISQAI 'ERASTHI PAIDIKA. 'ESTI GAR "HMIN
NOMO$, "WSPER 'EPI TOI$ 'ERASTAI$ 'H*N20 DOULEUEIN 'EQELONTA
<P 184C>
"HNTINOUN DOULEIAN PAIDIKOI$ MH KOLAKEIAN 'EINAI MHDE 'EPONEIDISTON,
"OUTW DH-KAI 'ALLH MIA MONH DOULEIA "EKOUSIO$
LEIPETAI 'OUK 'EPONEIDISTO$; "AU=TH D' 'ESTIN "H PERI= THN 'ARETHN.
NENOMISTAI GAR-DH "HMIN, 'EA=N TI$ 'EQELHI5 TINA QERAPEUEIN
"HGOUMENO$ DI' 'EKEINON 'AMEINWN 'ESESQAI 'H= KATA SOFIAN TINA
'H= KATA 'ALLO "OTIOUN MERO$ 'ARETH$, "AU=TH 'AU "H 'EQELODOULEIA
'OUK 'AISCRA 'EINAI 'OUDE KOLAKEIA. DEI DH TW NOMW TOUTW
SUMBALEIN 'EI$ 'TAUTON, TON TE PERI= THN PAIDERASTIAN KAI
<P 184D>
TON PERI= THN FILOSOFIAN TE-KAI THN 'ALLHN 'ARETHN, 'EI
MELLEI0 SUMBHNAI0 KALON GENESQAI TO 'ERASTHI PAIDIKA CARISASQAI.
"OTAN GAR 'EI$ TO 'AUTO 'ELQWSIN 'ERASTH$ TE-KAI
PAIDIKA, NOMON 'ECWN "EKATERO$, "O MEN CARISAMENOI$ PAIDIKOI$
"UPHRETWN "OTIOUN DIKAIW$ 'AN4 "UPHRETEIN, "O DE TW*I POIOUNTI
'AUTON SOFON TE-KAI 'AGAQON DIKAIW$ 'AU "OTIOUN 'AN4 "UPOURGWN
"UPOURGEIN7, KAI "O MEN DUNAMENO$ 'EI$ FRONHSIN KAI THN
<P 184E>
'ALLHN 'ARETHN SUMBALLESQAI, "O DE DEOMENO$ 'EI$ PAIDEUSIN
KAI THN 'ALLHN SOFIAN KTASQAI, TO=TE DH TOUTWN SUNIONTWN0
'EI$ 'TAUTON TWN NOMWN MONACOU 'ENTAUQA SUMPIPTEI0 TO KALON
'EINAI PAIDIKA 'ERASTHI CARISASQAI, 'ALLOQI DE 'OUDAMOU. 'EPI
TOUTWI KAI 'EXAPATHQHNAI 'OUDEN 'AISCRON; 'EPI DE TOI$ 'ALLOI$
PASI KAI 'EXAPATWMENWI 'AISCUNHN FEREI0 KAI MH. 'EI GAR TI$


<P 185A>
'ERASTHI "W$ PLOUSIWI PLOUTOU "ENEKA CARISAMENO$ 'EXAPATHQEIH
KAI MH LABOI CRHMATA, 'ANAFANENTO$ TOU* 'ERASTOU PENHTO$,
'OUDEN "HTTON 'AISCRON; DOKEI0 GAR "O TOIOUTO$ TO GE "AUTOU
'EPIDEIXAI0, "OTI4 "ENEKA CRHMATWN "OTIOUN 'AN4 "OTWIOUN "UPHRETOI,
TOUTO DE 'OU KALON. KATA TON 'AUTON DH LOGON 'KAN4 'EI TI$
"W$ 'AGAQWI CARISAMENO$ KAI 'AUTO$ "W$ 'AMEINWN 'ESOMENO$ DIA=
THN FILIAN 'ERASTOU 'EXAPATHQEIH, 'ANAFANENTO$ 'EKEINOU KAKOU
<P 185B>
KAI 'OU KEKTHMENOU 'ARETHN, "OMW$ KALH "H 'APATH; DOKEI0 GAR
'AU KAI "OUTO$ TO KAQ' "AUTON DEDHLWKENAI, "OTI4 'ARETH$ G'
"ENEKA KAI TOU* BELTIWN GENESQAI PAN 'AN4 PANTI PROQUMHQEIH,
TOUTO DE 'AU PANTWN KALLISTON; "OUTW PAN PANTW$ GE KALON
'ARETH$ G' "ENEKA CARIZESQAI. "OUTO$ 'ESTIN "O TH$ 'OURANIA$ QEOU
'ERW$ KAI 'OURANIO$ KAI POLLOU 'AXIO$ KAI POLEI KAI 'IDIWTAI$,
POLLHN 'EPIMELEIAN 'ANAGKAZWN POIEISQAI PRO$ 'ARETHN TON
<P 185C>
TE 'ERWNTA 'AUTON "AUTOU KAI TON 'ERWMENON; "OI D' "ETEROI
PANTE$ TH$ "ETERA$, TH$ PANDHMOU. TAUTA SOI4, 'EFH, "W$ 'EK
TOU* PARACRHMA, 'W* FAIDRE, PERI= 'ERWTO$ SUMBALLOMAI.
PAUSANIOU DE PAUSAMENOU % DIDASKOUSI0 GAR ME 'ISA LEGEIN
"OUTWSI "OI SOFOI % 'EFH "O 'ARISTODHMO$ DEIN MEN 'ARISTOFANH
LEGEIN, TUCEIN DE 'AUTWI TINA 'H= "UPO PLHSMONH$ 'H= "UPO TINO$
'ALLOU LUGGA 'EPIPEPTWKUIAN KAI 'OUC "OION-TE-'EINAI LEGEIN,
<P 185D>
'ALL' 'EIPEIN 'AUTON % 'EN THI KATW GAR 'AUTOU4 TON 'IATRON 'ERUXIMACON
KATAKEISQAI % 'W* 'ERUXIMACE, DIKAIO$ 'EI* 'H= PAUSAI0
ME TH$ LUGGO$ 'H= LEGEIN "UPER 'EMOU4, "EW$ 'AN4 'EGW PAUSWMAI.
KAI TON 'ERUXIMACON 'EIPEIN 'ALLA= POIHSW2 'AMFO=TERA TAUTA;
'EGW MEN-GAR 'ERW2 'EN TW*I SWI MEREI, SU D' 'EPEIDAN PAUSHI4, 'EN
TW*I 'EMWI. 'EN "WI D' 'AN4 'EGW LEGW3, 'EA=N MEN SOI4 'EQELHI5 'APNEUSTI
'ECONTI POLUN CRONON PAUESQAI "H LUGX; 'EI DE MH, "UDATI
<P 185E>
'ANAKOGCULIASON2. 'EI D'-'A=RA PANU 'ISCURA 'ESTIN, 'ANALABWN
TI TOIOUTON "OIWI KINHSAI$ 'AN4 THN "RINA, PTARE; KAI 'EA=N TOUTO
POIHSHI$ "APAX 'H= DI$, KAI 'EI PANU 'ISCURA 'ESTI, PAUSETAI.
'OUK 'AN4 FQANOI$ LEGWN, FANAI0 TON 'ARISTOFANH; 'EGW
DE TAUTA POIHSW2.
'EIPEIN DH TON 'ERUXIMACON, DOKEI0 TOINUN MOI 'ANAGKAION
'EINAI, 'EPEIDH PAUSANIA$ "ORMHSA$ 'EPI TON LOGON KALW$ 'OUC


<P 186A>
"IKANW$ 'APETELESE, DEIN 'EME PEIRASQAI TELO$ 'EPIQEINAI0 TW*I
LOGWI. TO MEN-GAR DIPLOUN 'EINAI TON 'ERWTA DOKEI0 MOI
KALW$ DIELESQAI; "OTI4 DE 'OU MONON 'ESTIN 'EPI TAI$ YUCAI$
TWN 'ANQRWPWN PRO$ TOU$ KALOU$ 'ALLA=-KAI PRO$ 'A=LLA POLLA
KAI 'EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$, TOI$ TE SWMASI TWN PANTWN ZWIWN KAI
TOI$ 'EN THI GHI FUOMENOI$ KAI "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN 'EN PASI TOI$
'OUSI, KAQEWRAKENAI MOI DOKW0 'EK TH$ 'IATRIKH$, TH$ "HMETERA$
<P 186B>
TECNH$, "W$ MEGA$ KAI QAUMASTO$ KAI 'EPI PAN "O QEO$ TEINEI0
KAI KAT' 'ANQRWPINA KAI KATA QEI*A PRAGMATA. 'ARXOMAI DE
'APO TH$ 'IATRIKH$ LEGWN, "INA KAI PRESBEUWMEN THN TECNHN.
"H GAR FUSI$ TWN SWMATWN TON DIPLOUN 'ERWTA TOUTON 'ECEI0;
TO GAR "UGIE$ TOU* SWMATO$ KAI TO NOSOUN "OMOLOGOUMENW$
"ETERON TE-KAI 'ANOMOION 'ESTI, TO DE 'ANOMOION 'ANOMOIWN 'EPIQUMEI0
KAI 'ERA*I0. 'ALLO$ MEN-'OUN "O 'EPI TW*I "UGIEINWI 'ERW$, 'ALLO$
DE "O 'EPI TW*I NOSWDEI. 'ESTIN DH, "WSPER 'ARTI PAUSANIA$
'ELEGEN TOI$ MEN 'AGAQOI$ KALON CARIZESQAI TWN 'ANQRWPWN,
<P 186C>
TOI$ D' 'AKOLASTOI$ 'AISCRON, "OUTW KAI 'EN 'AUTOI$ TOI$ SWMASIN
TOI$ MEN 'AGAQOI$ "EKASTOU TOU* SWMATO$ KAI "UGIEINOI$ KALON
CARIZESQAI KAI DEI, KAI TOUTO 'ESTIN "WI 'ONOMA TO 'IATRIKON,
TOI$ DE KAKOI$ KAI NOSWDESIN 'AISCRON TE-KAI DEI 'ACARISTEIN,
'EI MELLEI0 TI$ TECNIKO$ 'EINAI. 'ESTI GAR 'IATRIKH, "W$ 'EN
KEFALAIWI 'EIPEIN, 'EPISTHMH TWN TOU* SWMATO$ 'ERWTIKWN PRO$
PLHSMONHN KAI KENWSIN, KAI "O DIAGIGNWSKWN 'EN TOUTOI$ TON
<P 186D>
KALON TE-KAI 'AISCRON 'ERWTA, "OUTO$ 'ESTIN "O 'IATRIKWTATO$,
KAI "O METABALLEIN POIW*N "WSTE 'ANTI TOU* "ETEROU 'ERWTO$ TON
"ETERON KTASQAI, KAI "OI$ MH 'ENESTIN 'ERW$, DEI D' 'EGGENESQAI,
'EPISTAMENO$ 'EMPOIHSAI0 KAI 'ENONTA 'EXELEIN, 'AGAQO$ 'AN4 'EIH
DHMIOURGO$. DEI GAR-DH TA 'ECQISTA 'ONTA 'EN TW*I SWMATI
FILA "OION-T'-'EINAI POIEIN KAI 'ERAN 'ALLHLWN. 'ESTI DE 'ECQISTA
TA 'ENANTIWTATA, YUCRON QERMWI, PIKRON GLUKEI, XHRON "UGRWI,
<P 186E>
PANTA TA TOIAUTA; TOUTOI$ 'EPISTHQEI$ 'ERWTA 'EMPOIHSAI0 KAI
"OMONOIAN "O "HMETERO$ PROGONO$ 'ASKLHPIO$, "W$ FASIN0 "OIDE "OI
POIHTAI KAI 'EGW PEIQOMAI, SUNESTHSEN THN "HMETERAN TECNHN.
"H TE-'OUN 'IATRIKH, "WSPER LEGW0, PASA DIA= TOU* QEOU TOUTOU


<P 187A>
KUBERNATAI0, "WSAUTW$ DE-KAI GUMNASTIKH KAI GEWRGIA; MOUSIKH
DE-KAI PANTI KATADHLO$ TW*I KAI SMIKRON PROSECONTI TON NOUN
"OTI4 KATA 'TAUTA 'ECEI0 TOUTOI$, "WSPER 'ISW$ KAI "HRAKLEITO$
BOULETAI LEGEIN, 'EPEI TOI$ GE "RHMASIN 'OU KALW$ LEGEI0. TO
"EN GAR FHSI DIAFEROMENON 'AUTO "AUTWI SUMFERESQAI,
"WSPER "ARMONIAN TOXOU TE-KAI LURA$. 'ESTI DE POLLH
'ALOGIA "ARMONIAN FANAI0 DIAFERESQAI 'H= 'EK DIAFEROMENWN 'ETI
'EINAI. 'ALLA= 'ISW$ TODE 'EBOULETO LEGEIN, "OTI4 'EK DIAFEROMENWN
<P 187B>
PROTERON TOU* 'OXEO$ KAI BAREO$, 'EPEITA "USTERON "OMOLOGHSANTWN0
GEGONEN0 "UPO TH$ MOUSIKH$ TECNH$. 'OU-GAR-DHPOU
'EK DIAFEROMENWN GE 'ETI TOU* 'OXEO$ KAI BAREO$ "ARMONIA 'AN4
'EIH; "H GAR "ARMONIA SUMFWNIA 'ESTIN, SUMFWNIA DE "OMOLOGIA
TI$ % "OMOLOGIAN DE 'EK DIAFEROMENWN, "EW$ 'AN4 DIAFERWNTAI,
'ADUNATON 'EINAI; DIAFEROMENON DE 'AU KAI MH "OMOLOGOUN 'ADUNATON
"ARMOSAI0 % "WSPER GE-KAI "O "RUQMO$ 'EK TOU* TACEO$ KAI
<P 187C>
BRADEO$, 'EK DIENHNEGMENWN PROTERON, "USTERON DE "OMOLOGHSANTWN0
GEGONE0. THN DE "OMOLOGIAN PASI TOUTOI$, "WSPER
'EKEI "H 'IATRIKH, 'ENTAUQA "H MOUSIKH 'ENTIQHSIN, 'ERWTA KAI
"OMONOIAN 'ALLHLWN 'EMPOIHSASA; KAI 'ESTIN 'AU MOUSIKH PERI=
"ARMONIAN KAI "RUQMON 'ERWTIKWN 'EPISTHMH. KAI 'EN MEN-GE
'AUTHI THI SUSTASEI "ARMONIA$ TE-KAI "RUQMOU 'OUDEN CALEPON TA
'ERWTIKA DIAGIGNWSKEIN, 'OUDE "O DIPLOU$ 'ERW$ 'ENTAUQA PW
'ESTIN; 'ALL' 'EPEIDAN DEHI5 PRO$ TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ KATACRHSQAI
<P 187D>
"RUQMWI TE-KAI "ARMONIA\ 'H= POIOUNTA, "O= DH MELOPOIIAN KALOUSIN0,
'H= CRWMENON 'ORQW$ TOI$ PEPOIHMENOI$ MELESI TE-KAI METROI$,
"O= DH PAIDEIA 'EKLHQH, 'ENTAUQA DH-KAI CALEPON KAI 'AGAQOU
DHMIOURGOU DEI. PALIN GAR "HKEI0 "O 'AUTO$ LOGO$, "OTI4 TOI$ MEN
KOSMIOI$ TWN 'ANQRWPWN, KAI "W$ 'AN4 KOSMIWTEROI GIGNOINTO
"OI MHPW 'ONTE$, DEI CARIZESQAI KAI FULATTEIN TON TOUTWN
'ERWTA, KAI "OUTO$ 'ESTIN "O KALO$, "O 'OURANIO$, "O TH$ 'OURANIA$
<P 187E>
MOUSH$ 'ERW$; "O DE POLUMNIA$ "O PANDHMO$, "ON DEI 'EULABOUMENON
PROSFEREIN "OI$ 'AN4 PROSFERHI5, "OPW$ 'AN4 THN MEN "HDONHN
'AUTOU4 KARPWSHTAI, 'AKOLASIAN DE MHDEMIAN 'EMPOIHSHI6, "WSPER
'EN THI "HMETERA\ TECNHI MEGA 'ERGON TAI$ PERI= THN 'OYOPOIIKHN
TECNHN 'EPIQUMIAI$ KALW$ CRHSQAI, "WST' 'ANEU NOSOU THN
"HDONHN KARPWSASQAI. KAI 'EN MOUSIKHI DH-KAI 'EN 'IATRIKHI
KAI 'EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$ PASI KAI TOI$ 'ANQRWPEIOI$ KAI TOI$ QEIOI$,
KAQ' "OSON PAREIKEI0, FULAKTEON "EKATERON TON 'ERWTA; 'ENESTON0


<P 188A>
GAR. 'EPEI KAI "H TWN "WRWN TOU* 'ENIAUTOU SUSTASI$ MESTH
'ESTIN 'AMFOTERWN TOUTWN, KAI 'EPEIDAN MEN PRO$ 'ALLHLA TOU*
KOSMIOU TUCHI6 'ERWTO$ "A NUNDH 'EGW 'ELEGON, TA TE QERMA KAI
TA YUCRA KAI XHRA KAI "UGRA, KAI "ARMONIAN KAI KRASIN LABHI6
SWFRONA, "HKEI0 FERONTA 'EUETHRIAN TE-KAI "UGIEIAN 'ANQRWPOI$
KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ ZWIOI$ TE-KAI FUTOI$, KAI 'OUDEN 'HDIKHSEN;
"OTAN DE "O META TH$ "UBREW$ 'ERW$ 'EGKRATESTERO$ PERI= TA$
TOU* 'ENIAUTOU "WRA$ GENHTAI, DIEFQEIREN TE POLLA KAI 'HDIKHSEN.
<P 188B>
"OI TE-GAR LOIMOI FILOUSI0 GIGNESQAI 'EK TWN TOIOUTWN KAI
'A=LLA 'ANO=MOIA POLLA NOSHMATA KAI TOI$ QHRIOI$ KAI TOI$
FUTOI$; KAI-GAR PACNAI KAI CALAZAI KAI 'ERUSIBAI 'EK
PLEONEXIA$ KAI 'AKOSMIA$ PERI= 'ALLHLA TWN TOIOUTWN GIGNETAI
'ERWTIKWN, "WN 'EPISTHMH PERI= 'ASTRWN TE FORA$ KAI 'ENIAUTWN
"WRA$ 'ASTRONOMIA KALEITAI0. 'ETI TOINUN-KAI "AI QUSIAI PASAI
KAI "OI$ MANTIKH 'EPISTATEI0 % TAUTA D' 'ESTIN "H PERI= QEOU$ TE-KAI
<P 188C>
'ANQRWPOU$ PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ KOINWNIA % 'OU PERI= 'ALLO TI
'ESTIN 'H= PERI= 'ERWTO$ FULAKHN TE-KAI 'IASIN. PASA GAR
'ASEBEIA FILEI0 GIGNESQAI 'EA=N MH TI$ TW*I KOSMIWI 'ERWTI
CARIZHTAI MHDE TIMA*I2 TE 'AUTON KAI PRESBEUHI5 'EN PANTI 'ERGWI,
'ALLA= TON "ETERON, KAI PERI= GONEA$ KAI ZWNTA$ KAI TETELEUTHKOTA$
KAI PERI= QEOU$; "A DH PROSTETAKTAI THI MANTIKHI
'EPISKOPEIN TOU$ 'ERWNTA$ KAI 'IATREUEIN, KAI 'ESTIN 'AU "H
<P 188D>
MANTIKH FILIA$ QEWN KAI 'ANQRWPWN DHMIOURGO$ TW*I 'EPISTASQAI
TA KATA 'ANQRWPOU$ 'ERWTIKA, "OSA TEINEI0 PRO$ QEMIN
KAI 'EUSEBEIAN.
"OUTW POLLHN KAI MEGALHN, MALLON DE PASAN DUNAMIN 'ECEI0
SULLHBDHN MEN "O PA$ 'ERW$, "O DE PERI= 'TAGAQA META SWFROSUNH$
KAI DIKAIOSUNH$ 'APOTELOUMENO$ KAI PAR' "HMIN KAI
PARA QEOI$, "OUTO$ THN MEGISTHN DUNAMIN 'ECEI0 KAI PASAN "HMIN
'EUDAIMONIAN PARASKEUAZEI0 KAI 'ALLHLOI$ DUNAMENOU$ "OMILEIN
KAI FILOU$ 'EINAI KAI TOI$ KREITTOSIN "HMWN QEOI$. 'ISW$ MEN-'OUN-KAI
<P 188E>
'EGW TON 'ERWTA 'EPAINWN POLLA PARALEIPW0, 'OU-MENTOI
"EKWN GE. 'ALL' 'EI TI 'EXELIPON, SON 'ERGON, 'W* 'ARISTOFANE$,
'ANAPLHRWSAI0; 'H= 'EI PW$ 'ALLW$ 'EN NWI 'ECEI$ 'EGKWMIAZEIN TON
QEON, 'EGKWMIAZE, 'EPEIDH KAI TH$ LUGGO$ PEPAUSAI.


<P 189A>
'EKDEXAMENON 'OUN 'EFH 'EIPEIN TON 'ARISTOFANH "OTI4 KAI
MAL' 'EPAUSATO, 'OU-MENTOI PRIN GE TON PTARMON PROSENECQHNAI
'AUTHI "WSTE ME QAUMAZEIN 'EI TO KOSMION TOU* SWMATO$ 'EPIQUMEI0
TOIOUTWN YOFWN KAI GARGALISMWN, "OION KAI "O PTARMO$
'ESTIN; PANU GAR 'EUQU$ 'EPAUSATO, 'EPEIDH 'AUTWI TON PTARMON
PROSHNEGKA.
KAI TON 'ERUXIMACON, 'WGAQE, FANAI0, 'ARISTOFANE$, "ORA
TI= POIEI$. GELWTOPOIEI$ MELLWN LEGEIN, KAI FULAKA ME TOU*
<P 189B>
LOGOU 'ANAGKAZEI$ GIGNESQAI TOU* SEAUTOU, 'EA=N TI GELOION
'EIPHI$, 'EXON SOI4 'EN 'EIRHNHI LEGEIN.
KAI TON 'ARISTOFANH GELASANTA 'EIPEIN 'EU LEGEI$, 'W*
'ERUXIMACE, KAI MOI 'ESTW 'ARRHTA TA 'EIRHMENA. 'ALLA= MH ME
FULATTE, "W$ 'EGW FOBOUMAI PERI= TWN MELLONTWN0 "RHQHSESQAI,
'OU TI MH GELOI*A 'EIPW % TOUTO MEN-GAR 'AN4 KERDO$ 'EIH KAI TH$
"HMETERA$ MOUSH$ 'EPICWRION % 'ALLA= MH KATAGELASTA.
BALWN2 GE, FANAI0, 'W* 'ARISTOFANE$, 'OIEI 'EKFEUXESQAI;
'ALLA= PROSECE TON NOUN KAI "OUTW$ LEGE "W$ DWSWN LOGON.
<P 189C>
'ISW$ MENTOI, 'AN2 DOXHI6 MOI, 'AFHSW2 SE.
KAI-MHN, 'W* 'ERUXIMACE, 'EIPEIN TON 'ARISTOFANH, 'ALLHI
GE PHI 'EN NWI 'ECW0 LEGEIN 'H= "HI SU TE-KAI PAUSANIA$ 'EIPETHN.
'EMOI4 GAR DOKOUSIN0 "ANQRWPOI PANTAPASI THN TOU* 'ERWTO$
DUNAMIN 'OUK 'HISQHSQAI, 'EPEI 'AISQANOMENOI GE MEGIST' 'AN4
'AUTOU4 "IERA KATASKEUASAI0 KAI BWMOU$, KAI QUSIA$ 'AN4 POIEIN
MEGISTA$, 'OUC "WSPER NU*N TOUTWN 'OUDEN GIGNETAI PERI= 'AUTON,
DEON PANTWN MALISTA GIGNESQAI. 'ESTI GAR QEWN FILANQRWPOTATO$,
<P 189D>
'EPIKOURO$ TE 'WN TWN 'ANQRWPWN KAI 'IATRO$
TOUTWN "WN 'IAQENTWN5 MEGISTH 'EUDAIMONIA 'AN4 TW*I 'ANQRWPEIWI
GENEI 'EIH. 'EGW 'OUN PEIRASOMAI "UMIN 'EISHGHSASQAI THN
DUNAMIN 'AUTOU4, "UMEI$ DE TWN 'ALLWN DIDASKALOI 'ESESQE.
DEI DE PRWTON "UMA$ MAQEIN THN 'ANQRWPINHN FUSIN KAI TA
PAQHMATA 'AUTH$. "H GAR PALAI "HMWN FUSI$ 'OUC "AUTH= 'H*N
"HPER NU*N 'ALL' 'ALLOI=A. PRWTON MEN-GAR TRIA 'H*N TA GENH
TA TWN 'ANQRWPWN, 'OUC "WSPER NU*N DUO, 'ARREN KAI QHLU,
<P 189E>
'ALLA=-KAI TRITON PROSHN KOINON 'ON 'AMFOTERWN TOUTWN, "OU2
NU*N 'ONOMA LOIPON, 'AUTO DE 'HFANISTAI; 'ANDROGUNON GAR "EN
TO=TE MEN 'H*N KAI 'EIDO$ KAI 'ONOMA 'EX 'AMFOTERWN KOINON TOU*
TE 'ARRENO$ KAI QHLEO$, NU*N DE 'OUK 'ESTIN 'ALL'-'H= 'EN 'ONEIDEI
'ONOMA KEIMENON. 'EPEITA "OLON 'H*N "EKASTOU TOU* 'ANQRWPOU TO
'EIDO$ STROGGULON, NWTON KAI PLEURA$ KUKLWI 'ECON, CEIRA$
DE TETTARA$ 'EICE, KAI SKELH TA 'ISA TAI$ CERSIN, KAI PROSWPA


<P 190A>
DU' 'EP' 'AUCENI KUKLOTEREI, "O=MOIA PANTHI; KEFALHN D' 'EP'
'AMFOTEROI$ TOI$ PROSWPOI$ 'ENANTIOI$ KEIMENOI$ MIAN, KAI
'WTA TETTARA, KAI 'AIDOIA DUO, KAI 'TALLA PANTA "W$ 'APO
TOUTWN 'AN4 TI$ 'EIKASEIEN. 'EPOREUETO DE-KAI 'ORQON "WSPER
NU*N, "OPOTERWSE BOULHQEIH; KAI "OPOTE TACU "ORMHSEIEN QEIN,
"WSPER "OI KUBISTWNTE$ KAI 'EI$ 'ORQON TA SKELH PERIFEROMENOI
KUBISTWSI0 KUKLWI, 'OKTW TO=TE 'OUSI TOI$ MELESIN
'APEREIDOMENOI TACU 'EFERONTO KUKLWI. 'H*N DE DIA= TAUTA TRIA
<P 190B>
TA GENH KAI TOIAUTA, "OTI4 TO MEN 'ARREN 'H*N TOU* "HLIOU THN
'ARCHN 'EKGONON, TO DE QHLU TH$ GH$, TO DE 'AMFOTERWN METECON
TH$ SELHNH$, "OTI4 KAI "H SELHNH 'AMFOTERWN METECEI0; PERIFERH
DE-DH 'H*N KAI 'AUTA KAI "H POREIA 'AUTWN DIA= TO TOI$ GONEUSIN
"O=MOIA 'EINAI. 'H*N 'OUN THN 'ISCUN DEINA KAI THN "RWMHN, KAI
TA FRONHMATA MEGALA 'EICON, 'EPECEIRHSAN DE TOI$ QEOI$,
KAI "O= LEGEI0 "OMHRO$ PERI= 'EFIALTOU TE-KAI 'WTOU, PERI=
'EKEINWN LEGETAI, TO 'EI$ TON 'OURANON 'ANABASIN 'EPICEIREIN
<P 190C>
POIEIN, "W$ 'EPIQHSOMENWN TOI$ QEOI$. "O 'OUN ZEU$ KAI "OI
'ALLOI QEOI 'EBOULEUONTO "OTI2 CRH 'AUTOU$ POIHSAI0, KAI 'HPOROUN;
'OUTE-GAR "OPW$ 'APOKTEINAIEN 'EICON KAI "WSPER TOU$
GIGANTA$ KERAUNWSANTE$ TO GENO$ 'AFANISAIEN % "AI TIMAI
GAR 'AUTOI$ KAI "IERA TA PARA TWN 'ANQRWPWN 'HFANIZETO %
'OUTE "OPW$ 'EWIEN 'ASELGAINEIN. MOGI$ DH "O ZEU$ 'ENNOHSA$
LEGEI0 "OTI4 DOKW0 MOI, 'EFH, 'ECEIN MHCANHN, "W$ 'AN4 'EIEN
TE "ANQRWPOI KAI PAUSAINTO TH$ 'AKOLASIA$ 'ASQENESTEROI
<P 190D>
GENOMENOI. NU*N MEN-GAR 'AUTOU$, 'EFH, DIATEMW2 DICA "EKASTON,
KAI "AMA MEN 'ASQENESTEROI 'ESONTAI, "AMA DE CRHSIMWTEROI
"HMIN DIA= TO PLEIOU$ TON 'ARIQMON GEGONENAI; KAI BADIOUNTAI
'ORQOI 'EPI DUOIN SKELOIN. 'EA=N D' 'ETI DOKWSIN 'ASELGAINEIN
KAI MH 'QELWSIN "HSUCIAN 'AGEIN, PALIN 'AU, 'EFH, TEMW2 DICA,
"WST' 'EF' "ENO$ POREUSONTAI SKELOU$ 'ASKWLIAZONTE$. TAUTA
'EIPWN 'ETEMNE TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ DICA, "WSPER "OI TA 'OA TEMNONTE$
<P 190E>
KAI MELLONTE$ TARICEUEIN, 'H= "WSPER "OI TA 'WIA TAI$
QRIXIN; "ONTINA DE TEMOI, TON 'APOLLW 'EKELEUEN TO TE
PROSWPON METASTREFEIN KAI TO TOU* 'AUCENO$ "HMISU PRO$
THN TOMHN, "INA QEWMENO$ THN "AUTOU TMHSIN KOSMIWTERO$
'EIH "O 'ANQRWPO$, KAI 'TALLA 'IASQAI 'EKELEUEN. "O DE TO TE
PROSWPON METESTREFE, KAI SUNELKWN PANTACOQEN TO DERMA
'EPI THN GASTERA NU*N KALOUMENHN, "WSPER TA SUSPASTA
BALLANTIA, "EN STOMA POIW*N 'APEDEI KATA MESHN THN GASTERA,
"O= DH TON 'OMFALON KALOUSI0. KAI TA$ MEN 'ALLA$ "RUTIDA$


<P 191A>
TA$ POLLA$ 'EXELEAINE KAI TA STHQH DIHRQROU, 'ECWN TI
TOIOUTON 'ORGANON "OION "OI SKUTOTOMOI PERI= TON KALAPODA
LEAINONTE$ TA$ TWN SKUTWN "RUTIDA$; 'OLIGA$ DE KATELIPE,
TA$ PERI= 'AUTHN THN GASTERA KAI TON 'OMFALON, MNHMEION
'EINAI TOU* PALAIOU PAQOU$. 'EPEIDH 'OUN "H FUSI$ DICA
'ETMHQH, POQOUN "EKASTON TO "HMISU TO "AUTOU SUNHIEI, KAI
PERIBALLONTE$ TA$ CEIRA$ KAI SUMPLEKOMENOI 'ALLHLOI$,
'EPIQUMOUNTE$ SUMFUNAI0, 'APEQNHISKON "UPO LIMOU KAI TH$
<P 191B>
'ALLH$ 'ARGIA$ DIA= TO MHDEN 'EQELEIN CWRI$ 'ALLHLWN POIEIN.
KAI "OPOTE TI 'APOQANOI TWN "HMISEWN, TO DE LEIFQEIH, TO
LEIFQEN 'ALLO 'EZHTEI KAI SUNEPLEKETO, 'EI=TE GUNAIKO$ TH$
"OLH$ 'ENTUCOI "HMISEI % "O= DH NU*N GUNAIKA KALOUMEN0 % 'EI=TE
'ANDRO$; KAI "OUTW$ 'APWLLUNTO. 'ELEHSA$ DE "O ZEU$ 'ALLHN
MHCANHN PORIZETAI, KAI METATIQHSIN 'AUTWN TA 'AIDOIA 'EI$
TO PROSQEN % TEW$ GAR-KAI TAUTA 'EKTO$ 'EICON, KAI 'EGENNWN
<P 191C>
KAI 'ETIKTON 'OUK 'EI$ 'ALLHLOU$ 'ALL' 'EI$ GHN, "WSPER "OI TETTIGE$ %
METEQHKE TE-'OUN "OUTW 'AUTWN 'EI$ TO PROSQEN KAI
DIA= TOUTWN THN GENESIN 'EN 'ALLHLOI$ 'EPOIHSEN, DIA= TOU*
'ARRENO$ 'EN TW*I QHLEI, TWNDE "ENEKA, "INA 'EN THI SUMPLOKHI
"AMA MEN 'EI 'ANHR GUNAIKI 'ENTUCOI, GENNWIEN KAI GIGNOITO TO
GENO$, "AMA D' 'EI KAI 'ARRHN 'ARRENI, PLHSMONH GOUN GIGNOITO
TH$ SUNOUSIA$ KAI DIAPAUOINTO KAI 'EPI TA 'ERGA TREPOINTO
KAI TOU* 'ALLOU BIOU 'EPIMELOINTO. 'ESTI DH-'OUN 'EK TOSOU
<P 191D>
"O 'ERW$ 'EMFUTO$ 'ALLHLWN TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ KAI TH$ 'ARCAIA$
FUSEW$ SUNAGWGEU$ KAI 'EPICEIRWN POIHSAI0 "EN 'EK DUOIN KAI
'IASASQAI THN FUSIN THN 'ANQRWPINHN. "EKASTO$ 'OUN "HMWN
'ESTIN 'ANQRWPOU SUMBOLON, "ATE TETMHMENO$ "WSPER "AI YHTTAI,
'EX "ENO$ DUO; ZHTEI0 DH 'AEI TO "AUTOU "EKASTO$ SUMBOLON.
"OSOI MEN-'OUN TWN 'ANDRWN TOU* KOINOU TMHMA 'EISIN, "O= DH
TO=TE 'ANDROGUNON 'EKALEITO, FILOGUNAIKE$ TE 'EISI KAI "OI
POLLOI TWN MOICWN 'EK TOUTOU TOU* GENOU$ GEGONASIN, KAI
<P 191E>
"OSAI 'AU GUNAIKE$ FILANDROI TE-KAI MOICEUTRIAI 'EK TOUTOU
TOU* GENOU$ GIGNONTAI. "OSAI DE TWN GUNAIKWN GUNAIKO$
TMHMA 'EISIN, 'OU PANU "AUTAI TOI$ 'ANDRASI TON NOUN PROSECOUSIN0,
'ALLA= MALLON PRO$ TA$ GUNAIKA$ TETRAMMENAI
'EISI, KAI "AI "ETAIRISTRIAI 'EK TOUTOU TOU* GENOU$ GIGNONTAI.
"OSOI DE 'ARRENO$ TMHMA 'EISI, TA 'ARRENA DIWKOUSI0, KAI TEW$
MEN 'AN4 PAIDE$ 'WSIN, "ATE TEMACIA 'ONTA TOU* 'ARRENO$, FILOUSI0
TOU$ 'ANDRA$ KAI CAIROUSI0 SUGKATAKEIMENOI KAI SUMPEPLEGMENOI


<P 192A>
TOI$ 'ANDRASI, KAI 'EISIN "OUTOI BELTISTOI TWN PAIDWN
KAI MEIRAKIWN, "ATE 'ANDREIOTATOI 'ONTE$ FUSEI. FASI0 DE-DH
TINE$ 'AUTOU$ 'ANAISCUNTOU$ 'EINAI, YEUDOMENOI; 'OU-GAR "UP'
'ANAISCUNTIA$ TOUTO DRWSIN0 'ALL' "UPO QARROU$ KAI 'ANDREIA$
KAI 'ARRENWPIA$, TO "OMOION 'AUTOI$ 'ASPAZOMENOI. MEGA DE
TEKMHRION. KAI-GAR TELEWQENTE$ MONOI 'APOBAINOUSIN0 'EI$
TA POLITIKA 'ANDRE$ "OI TOIOUTOI. 'EPEIDAN DE 'ANDRWQWSI,
<P 192B>
PAIDERASTOUSI0 KAI PRO$ GAMOU$ KAI PAIDOPOIIA$ 'OU PROSECOUSI0
TON NOUN FUSEI, 'ALL' "UPO TOU* NOMOU 'ANAGKAZONTAI;
'ALL' 'EXARKEI0 'AUTOI$ MET' 'ALLHLWN KATAZHN 'AGAMOI$. PANTW$
MEN-'OUN "O TOIOUTO$ PAIDERASTH$ TE-KAI FILERASTH$ GIGNETAI,
'AEI TO SUGGENE$ 'ASPAZOMENO$. "OTAN MEN-'OUN-KAI 'AUTWI
'EKEINWI 'ENTUCHI6 TW*I "AUTOU "HMISEI KAI "O PAIDERASTH$ KAI
'ALLO$ PA$, TO=TE KAI QAUMASTA 'EKPLHTTONTAI FILIA\ TE-KAI
<P 192C>
'OIKEIOTHTI KAI 'ERWTI, 'OUK 'EQELONTE$ "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN CWRIZESQAI
'ALLHLWN 'OUDE SMIKRON CRONON. KAI "OI DIATELOUNTE$
MET' 'ALLHLWN DIA= BIOU "OUTOI 'EISIN, "OI= 'OUD' 'AN4 'ECOIEN 'EIPEIN
"OTI2 BOULONTAI SFISI PAR' 'ALLHLWN GIGNESQAI. 'OUDENI
GAR 'AN4 DOXEIEN TOUT' 'EINAI "H TWN 'AFRODISIWN SUNOUSIA, "W$
'A=RA TOUTOU "ENEKA "ETERO$ "ETERWI CAIREI0 SUNWN "OUTW$ 'EPI
MEGALH$ SPOUDH$; 'ALL' 'ALLO TI BOULOMENH "EKATEROU "H YUCH
<P 192D>
DHLH 'ESTIN, "O= 'OU DUNATAI 'EIPEIN, 'ALLA= MANTEUETAI "O= BOULETAI,
KAI 'AINITTETAI. KAI 'EI 'AUTOI$ 'EN TW*I 'AUTWI KATAKEIMENOI$
'EPISTA$ "O "HFAISTO$, 'ECWN TA 'ORGANA, 'EROITO; TI=
'ESQ' "O= BOULESQE0, 'W* 'ANQRWPOI, "UMIN PAR' 'ALLHLWN GENESQAI:
KAI 'EI 'APOROUNTA$ 'AUTOU$ PALIN 'EROITO; 'A*RA-GE
TOUDE 'EPIQUMEITE0, 'EN TW*I 'AUTWI GENESQAI "OTI2 MALISTA 'ALLHLOI$,
"WSTE KAI NUKTA KAI "HMERAN MH 'APOLEIPESQAI 'ALLHLWN:
'EI GAR TOUTOU 'EPIQUMEITE0, QELW0 "UMA$ SUNTHXAI0 KAI
<P 192E>
SUMFUSHSAI0 'EI$ TO 'AUTO, "WSTE DU' 'ONTA$ "ENA GEGONENAI
KAI "EW$ T' 'AN4 ZHTE2, "W$ "ENA 'ONTA, KOINHI 'AMFOTEROU$ ZHN,
KAI 'EPEIDAN 'APOQANHTE, 'EKEI 'AU 'EN "AIDOU 'ANTI DUOIN "ENA
'EINAI KOINHI TEQNEWTE; 'ALL' "ORATE3 'EI TOUTOU 'ERATE0 KAI
'EXARKEI0 "UMIN 'AN2 TOUTOU TUCHTE; TAUT' 'AKOUSA$ 'ISMEN "OTI4
'OUD' 'AN4 "EI$ 'EXARNHQEIH 'OUD' 'ALLO TI 'AN4 FANEIH BOULOMENO$,
'ALL' 'ATECNW$ 'OIOIT' 'AN4 'AKHKOENAI TOUTO "O= PALAI 'A=RA 'EPEQUMEI,
SUNELQWN KAI SUNTAKEI$ TW*I 'ERWMENWI 'EK DUOIN "EI$
GENESQAI. TOUTO GAR 'ESTI TO 'AITION, "OTI4 "H 'ARCAI=A FUSI$
"HMWN 'H*N "AU=TH KAI 'HMEN "OLOI; TOU* "OLOU 'OUN THI 'EPIQUMIA\


<P 193A>
KAI DIWXEI 'ERW$ 'ONOMA. KAI PRO TOU*, "WSPER LEGW0, "EN
'HMEN, NUNI DE DIA= THN 'ADIKIAN DIWIKISQHMEN "UPO TOU* QEOU,
KAQAPER 'ARKADE$ "UPO LAKEDAIMONIWN; FOBO$ 'OUN 'ESTIN,
'EA=N MH KOSMIOI 'WMEN PRO$ TOU$ QEOU$, "OPW$ MH KAI 'AUQI$
DIASCISQHSOMEQA, KAI PERIIMEN0 'ECONTE$ "WSPER "OI 'EN TAI$
STHLAI$ KATAGRAFHN 'EKTETUPWMENOI, DIAPEPRISMENOI KATA
TA$ "RINA$, GEGONOTE$ "WSPER LISPAI. 'ALLA= TOUTWN "ENEKA
PANT' 'ANDRA CRH "APANTA PARAKELEUESQAI 'EUSEBEIN PERI=
<P 193B>
QEOU$, "INA TA MEN 'EKFUGWMEN, TWN DE TUCWMEN, "W$ "O 'ERW$
"HMIN "HGEMWN KAI STRATHGO$. "WI MHDEI$ 'ENANTIA PRATTETW %
PRATTEI0 D' 'ENANTIA "OSTI$ QEOI$ 'APECQANETAI % FILOI GAR
GENOMENOI KAI DIALLAGENTE$ TW*I QEWI 'EXEURHSOMEN TE-KAI
'ENTEUXOMEQA TOI$ PAIDIKOI$ TOI$ "HMETEROI$-'AUTWN, "O= TWN NU*N
'OLIGOI POIOUSI0. KAI MH MOI "UPOLABHI6 'ERUXIMACO$, KWMWIDWN
TON LOGON, "W$ PAUSANIAN KAI 'AGAQWNA LEGW0 % 'ISW$ MEN-GAR-KAI
<P 193C>
"OUTOI TOUTWN TUGCANOUSIN0 'ONTE$ KAI 'EISIN 'AMFOTEROI
THN FUSIN 'ARRENE$ % LEGW0 DE-'OUN 'EGWGE KAQ' "APANTWN KAI
'ANDRWN KAI GUNAIKWN, "OTI4 "OUTW$ 'AN4 "HMWN TO GENO$ 'EUDAIMON
GENOITO, 'EI 'EKTELESAIMEN TON 'ERWTA KAI TWN PAIDIKWN TWN
"AUTOU "EKASTO$ TUCOI 'EI$ THN 'ARCAIAN 'APELQWN FUSIN. 'EI
DE TOUTO 'ARISTON, 'ANAGKAION KAI TWN NU*N PARONTWN0 TO
TOUTOU 'EGGUTATW 'ARISTON 'EINAI; TOUTO D' 'ESTI PAIDIKWN TUCEIN
KATA NOUN 'AUTWI PEFUKOTWN; "OU2 DH TON 'AITION QEON "UMNOUNTE$
<P 193D>
DIKAIW$ 'AN4 "UMNOIMEN 'ERWTA, "O$ 'EN TE TW*I PARONTI "HMA$
PLEISTA 'ONINHSIN 'EI$ TO 'OIKEION 'AGWN, KAI 'EI$ TO 'EPEITA
'ELPIDA$ MEGISTA$ PARECETAI, "HMWN PARECOMENWN PRO$ QEOU$
'EUSEBEIAN, KATASTHSA$ "HMA$ 'EI$ THN 'ARCAIAN FUSIN KAI
'IASAMENO$ MAKARIOU$ KAI 'EUDAIMONA$ POIHSAI0.
"OUTO$, 'EFH, 'W* 'ERUXIMACE, "O 'EMO$ LOGO$ 'ESTI PERI=
'ERWTO$, 'ALLOIO$ 'H= "O SO$. "WSPER 'OUN 'EDEHQHN SOU4, MH
KWMWIDHSHI$ 'AUTON, "INA KAI TWN LOIPWN 'AKOUSWMEN TI= "EKASTO$
<P 193E>
'EREI2, MALLON DE TI= "EKATERO$; 'AGA=QWN GAR-KAI SWKRATH$
LOIPOI.
'ALLA= PEISOMAI SOI4, 'EFH FANAI0 TON 'ERUXIMACON; KAI-GAR
MOI "O LOGO$ "HDEW$ 'ERRHQH. KAI 'EI MH SUNHIDH SWKRATEI
TE-KAI 'AGAQWNI DEINOI$ 'OUSI PERI= TA 'ERWTIKA, PANU
'AN4 'EFOBOUMHN MH 'APORHSWSI LOGWN DIA= TO POLLA KAI
PANTODAPA 'EIRHSQAI; NU*N DE "OMW$ QARRW0.


<P 194A>
TON 'OUN SWKRATH 'EIPEIN KALW$ GAR 'AUTO$ 'HGWNISAI,
'W* 'ERUXIMACE; 'EI DE GENOIO "OU4 NU*N 'EGW 'EIMI, MALLON DE
'ISW$ "OU4 'ESOMAI 'EPEIDAN KAI 'AGA=QWN 'EIPHI6 'EU, KAI MAL' 'AN4
FOBOIO KAI 'EN PANTI 'EIH$ "WSPER 'EGW NU*N.
FARMATTEIN BOULEI ME, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EIPEIN TON 'AGAQWNA,
"INA QORUBHQW DIA= TO 'OIESQAI TO QEATRON PROSDOKIAN MEGALHN
'ECEIN "W$ 'EU 'EROUNTO$2 'EMOU4.
'EPILHSMWN 'MENTAN4 'EIHN, 'W* 'AGA=QWN, 'EIPEIN TON SWKRATH,
<P 194B>
'EI 'IDWN THN SHN 'ANDREIAN KAI MEGALOFROSUNHN
'ANABAINONTO$ 'EPI TON 'OKRIBANTA META TWN "UPOKRITWN, KAI
BLEYANTO$ 'ENANTIA TOSOUTWI QEATRWI, MELLONTO$ 'EPIDEIXESQAI
SAUTOU LOGOU$, KAI-'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN 'EKPLAGENTO$, NU*N
'OIHQEIHN SE QORUBHSESQAI "ENEKA "HMWN 'OLIGWN 'ANQRWPWN.
TI= DE, 'W* SWKRATE$: TON 'AGAQWNA FANAI0, 'OU-DHPOU ME
"OUTW QEATROU MESTON "HGHI0 "WSTE KAI 'AGNOEIN "OTI4 NOUN 'ECONTI
'OLIGOI 'EMFRONE$ POLLWN 'AFRONWN FOBERWTEROI:
<P 194C>
'OU-'MENTAN4 KALW$ POIOIHN, FANAI0, 'W* 'AGA=QWN, PERI= SOU4
TI 'EGW 'AGROIKON DOXAZWN; 'ALL' 'EU 'OIDA "OTI4 'EI TISIN 'ENTUCOI$
"OU$ "HGOIO SOFOU$, MALLON 'AN4 'AUTWN FRONTIZOI$ 'H= TWN
POLLWN. 'ALLA= MH 'OUC "OUTOI "HMEI$ 'WMEN % "HMEI$ MEN-GAR-KAI
'EKEI PARHMEN KAI 'HMEN TWN POLLWN % 'EI DE 'ALLOI$
'ENTUCOI$ SOFOI$, TAC' 'AN4 'AISCUNOIO 'AUTOU$, 'EI TI 'ISW$
'OIOIO 'AISCRON 'ON POIEIN; 'H= PW*$ LEGEI$:
'ALHQH LEGEI$, FANAI0.
TOU$ DE POLLOU$ 'OUK 'AN4 'AISCUNOIO 'EI TI 'OIOIO 'AISCRON
POIEIN:
<P 194D>
KAI TON FAIDRON 'EFH "UPOLABONTA 'EIPEIN 'W* FILE
'AGA=QWN, 'EA=N 'APOKRINHI3 SWKRATEI, 'OUDEN 'ETI DIOISEI2 'AUTWI
"OPHIOUN TWN 'ENQADE "OTIOUN GIGNESQAI, 'EA=N MONON 'ECHI5 "OTWI
DIALEGHTAI, 'ALLW$ TE KAI KALWI. 'EGW DE "HDEW$ MEN 'AKOUW0
SWKRATOU$ DIALEGOMENOU, 'ANAGKAION DE MOI 'EPIMELHQHNAI
TOU* 'EGKWMIOU TW*I 'ERWTI KAI 'APODEXASQAI PAR' "ENO$ "EKASTOU
"UMWN TON LOGON; 'APODOU$ 'OUN "EKATERO$ TW*I QEWI "OUTW$ 'HDH
DIALEGESQW.
<P 194E>
'ALLA= KALW$ LEGEI$, 'W* FAIDRE, FANAI0 TON 'AGAQWNA,
KAI 'OUDEN ME KWLUEI0 LEGEIN; SWKRATEI GAR-KAI 'AUQI$ 'ESTAI2
POLLAKI$ DIALEGESQAI.
'EGW DE-DH BOULOMAI PRWTON MEN 'EIPEIN "W$ CRH ME 'EIPEIN,
'EPEITA 'EIPEIN. DOKOUSI0 GAR MOI PANTE$ "OI PROSQEN 'EIRHKOTE$
'OU TON QEON 'EGKWMIAZEIN 'ALLA= TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ 'EUDAIMONIZEIN
TWN 'AGAQWN "WN "O QEO$ 'AUTOI$ 'AITIO$; "OPOIO$ DE TI$ 'AUTO$ 'WN


<P 195A>
TAUTA 'EDWRHSATO, 'OUDEI$ 'EIRHKEN0. "EI$ DE TROPO$ 'ORQO$ PANTO$
'EPAINOU PERI= PANTO$, LOGWI DIELQEIN "OIO$ "OIWN 'AITIO$ 'WN
TUGCANEI0 PERI= "OU2 'AN4 "O LOGO$ 'HI. "OUTW DH TON 'ERWTA KAI
"HMA$ DIKAION 'EPAINESAI0 PRWTON 'AUTON "OIO$ 'ESTIN, 'EPEITA
TA$ DOSEI$. FHMI 'OUN 'EGW PANTWN QEWN 'EUDAIMONWN 'ONTWN0
'ERWTA, 'EI QEMI$ KAI 'ANEMESHTON 'EIPEIN, 'EUDAIMONESTATON
'EINAI 'AUTWN, KALLISTON 'ONTA KAI 'ARISTON. 'ESTI DE KALLISTO$
'WN TOIOSDE. PRWTON MEN NEWTATO$ QEWN, 'W* FAIDRE. MEGA
<P 195B>
DE TEKMHRION TW*I LOGWI 'AUTO$ PARECETAI, FEUGWN FUGHI TO
GHRA$, TACU 'ON DHLON "OTI4; QATTON GOUN TOU* DEONTO$ "HMIN
PROSERCETAI. "O= DH PEFUKEN0 'ERW$ MISEIN KAI-'OUD' 'ENTO$
POLLOU PLHSIAZEIN. META DE NEWN 'AEI SUNESTI TE-KAI 'ESTIN;
"O GAR PALAIO$ LOGO$ 'EU 'ECEI0, "W$ "OMOION "OMOIWI 'AEI PELAZEI0.
'EGW DE FAIDRWI POLLA 'A=LLA "OMOLOGWN TOUTO 'OUC "OMOLOGW0,
"W$ 'ERW$ KRONOU KAI 'IAPETOU 'ARCAIOTERO$ 'ESTIN, 'ALLA=
<P 195C>
FHMI NEWTATON 'AUTON 'EINAI QEWN KAI 'AEI NEON, TA DE PALAIA
PRAGMATA PERI= QEOU$, "A "HSIODO$ KAI PARMENIDH$ LEGOUSIN0,
'ANAGKHI KAI 'OUK 'ERWTI GEGONENAI, 'EI 'EKEINOI 'ALHQH 'ELEGON;
'OU-GAR 'AN4 'EKTOMAI 'OUDE DESMOI 'ALLHLWN 'EGIGNONTO KAI 'A=LLA
POLLA KAI BI=AIA, 'EI 'ERW$ 'EN 'AUTOI$ 'H*N, 'ALLA= FILIA KAI
'EIRHNH, "WSPER NU*N, 'EX "OU 'ERW$ TWN QEWN BASILEUEI0. NEO$
MEN-'OUN 'ESTI, PRO$ DE TW*I NEWI "APALO$; POIHTOU D' 'ESTIN
<P 195D>
'ENDEH$ "OIO$ 'H*N "OMHRO$ PRO$ TO 'EPIDEIXAI0 QEOU "APALOTHTA.
"OMHRO$ GAR 'ATHN QEON TE FHSIN 'EINAI KAI "APALHN % TOU$
GOUN PODA$ 'AUTH$ "APALOU$ 'EINAI % LEGWN
TH$9 MENQ'9 "APALOI9 PODE$9; 'OU9-GAR9 'EP'9 'OUDEO$1
PILNATAI9, 'ALL'9-'A=RA9 "H9 GE9 KAT'9 'ANDRWN9 KRAATA9 BAINEI90.
KALWI 'OUN DOKEI0 MOI TEKMHRIWI THN "APALOTHTA 'APOFAINEIN,
"OTI4 'OUK 'EPI SKLHROU BAINEI0, 'ALL' 'EPI MALQAKOU. TW*I 'AUTWI
<P 195E>
DH-KAI "HMEI$ CRHSOMEQA TEKMHRIWI PERI= 'ERWTA "OTI4 "APALO$.
'OU-GAR 'EPI GH$ BAINEI0 'OUD' 'EPI KRANIWN, "A 'ESTIN 'OU PANU
MALAKA, 'ALL' 'EN TOI$ MALAKWTATOI$ TWN 'ONTWN0 KAI BAINEI0
KAI 'OIKEI0. 'EN GAR 'HQESI KAI YUCAI$ QEWN KAI 'ANQRWPWN THN
'OIKHSIN "IDRUTAI, KAI 'OUK 'AU "EXH$ 'EN PASAI$ TAI$ YUCAI$, 'ALL'
"HITINI 'AN4 SKLHRON 'HQO$ 'ECOUSHI 'ENTUCHI6, 'APERCETAI, "HI D' 'AN4
MALAKON, 'OIKIZETAI. "APTOMENON 'OUN 'AEI KAI POSIN KAI PANTHI
'EN MALAKWTATOI$ TWN MALAKWTATWN, "APALWTATON 'ANAGKH


<P 196A>
'EINAI. NEWTATO$ MEN-DH 'ESTI KAI "APALWTATO$, PRO$ DE
TOUTOI$ "UGRO$ TO 'EIDO$. 'OU-GAR 'AN4 "OIO$-T'-'H*N PANTHI PERIPTUSSESQAI
'OUDE DIA= PASH$ YUCH$ KAI 'EISIWN TO PRWTON
LANQANEIN KAI 'EXIWN, 'EI SKLHRO$ 'H*N. SUMMETROU DE-KAI
"UGRA$ 'IDEA$ MEGA TEKMHRION "H 'EUSCHMOSUNH, "O= DH DIAFERONTW$
'EK PANTWN "OMOLOGOUMENW$ 'ERW$ 'ECEI0; 'ASCHMOSUNHI
GAR-KAI 'ERWTI PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ 'AEI POLEMO$. CROA$ DE
KALLO$ "H KAT' 'ANQH DIAITA TOU* QEOU SHMAINEI0; 'ANANQEI GAR-KAI
<P 196B>
'APHNQHKOTI KAI SWMATI KAI YUCHI KAI 'ALLWI "OTWIOUN 'OUK
'ENIZEI0 'ERW$, "OU4 D' 'AN4 'EUANQH$ TE-KAI 'EUWDH$ TOPO$ 'HI,
'ENTAUQA DE-KAI "IZEI0 KAI MENEI0.
PERI= MEN-'OUN KALLOU$ TOU* QEOU KAI TAUTA "IKANA KAI 'ETI
POLLA LEIPETAI, PERI= DE 'ARETH$ 'ERWTO$ META TAUTA LEKTEON,
TO MEN MEGISTON "OTI4 'ERW$ 'OUT' 'ADIKEI0 'OUT' 'ADIKEITAI 'OUTE
"UPO QEOU 'OUTE QEON, 'OUTE "UP' 'ANQRWPOU 'OUTE 'ANQRWPON. 'OUTE-GAR
'AUTO$ BIA\ PASCEI0, 'EI TI PASCEI0 % BIA GAR 'ERWTO$ 'OUC
<P 196C>
"APTETAI; 'OUTE POIW*N POIEI0 % PA$ GAR "EKWN 'ERWTI PAN
"UPHRETEI0, "A D' 'AN4 "EKWN "EKONTI "OMOLOGHSHI6, FASIN0 "OI1 POLEW$1
BASILH$1 NOMOI1 DI=KAIA 'EINAI. PRO$ DE THI DIKAIOSUNHI SWFROSUNH$
PLEISTH$ METECEI0. 'EINAI GAR "OMOLOGEITAI SWFROSUNH
TO KRATEIN "HDONWN KAI 'EPIQUMIWN, 'ERWTO$ DE MHDEMIAN
"HDONHN KREITTW 'EINAI; 'EI DE "HTTOU$, KRATOINT' 'AN4 "UPO 'ERWTO$,
"O DE KRATOI, KRATWN DE "HDONWN KAI 'EPIQUMIWN "O 'ERW$ DIAFERONTW$
'AN4 SWFRONOI. KAI-MHN 'EI$ GE 'ANDREIAN 'ERWTI
<P 196D>
'OUD'9 'ARH$9 'ANQISTATAI9. 'OU-GAR 'ECEI0 'ERWTA 'ARH$,
'ALL' 'ERW$ 'ARH % 'AFRODITH$, "W$ LOGO$ % KREITTWN DE "O 'ECWN
TOU* 'ECOMENOU; TOU* D' 'ANDREIOTATOU TWN 'ALLWN KRATWN PANTWN
'AN4 'ANDREIOTATO$ 'EIH. PERI= MEN-'OUN DIKAIOSUNH$ KAI SWFROSUNH$
KAI 'ANDREIA$ TOU* QEOU 'EIRHTAI, PERI= DE SOFIA$ LEIPETAI;
"OSON 'OUN DUNATON, PEIRATEON MH 'ELLEIPEIN. KAI PRWTON MEN,
"IN' 'AU KAI 'EGW THN "HMETERAN TECNHN TIMHSW4 "WSPER 'ERUXIMACO$
<P 196E>
THN "AUTOU, POIHTH$ "O QEO$ SOFO$ "OUTW$ "WSTE KAI
'ALLON POIHSAI0; PA$ GOUN POIHTH$ GIGNETAI, 'KAN92 'AMOUSO$9
'HI9 TO9 PRIN9, "OU2 'AN4 'ERW$ "AYHTAI. "WI DH PREPEI0 "HMA$
MARTURIWI CRHSQAI, "OTI4 POIHTH$ "O 'ERW$ 'AGAQO$ 'EN KEFALAIWI
PASAN POIHSIN THN KATA MOUSIKHN; "A GAR TI$ 'H= MH 'ECEI0 'H=
MH 'OIDEN, 'OUT' 'AN4 "ETERWI DOIH 'OUT' 'AN4 'ALLON DIDAXEIEN. KAI-MEN-DH


<P 197A>
THN GE TWN ZWIWN POIHSIN PANTWN TI=$ 'ENANTIWSETAI
MH 'OUCI 'ERWTO$ 'EINAI SOFIAN, "HI GIGNETAI TE-KAI FUETAI
PANTA TA ZWIA: 'ALLA= THN TWN TECNWN DHMIOURGIAN 'OUK
'ISMEN, "OTI4 "OU2 MEN 'AN4 "O QEO$ "OUTO$ DIDASKALO$ GENHTAI,
'ELLOGIMO$ KAI FANO$ 'APEBH, "OU2 D' 'AN4 'ERW$ MH 'EFAYHTAI,
SKOTEINO$: TOXIKHN GE-MHN-KAI 'IATRIKHN KAI MANTIKHN
'APOLLWN 'ANHUREN 'EPIQUMIA$ KAI 'ERWTO$ "HGEMONEUSANTO$,
<P 197B>
"WSTE KAI "OUTO$ 'ERWTO$ 'AN4 'EIH MAQHTH$, KAI MOUSAI
MOUSIKH$ KAI "HFAISTO$ CALKEIA$ KAI 'AQHNA "ISTOURGIA$
KAI ZEU$ KUBERNAN1 QEWN1 TE1-KAI1 'ANQRWPWN1. "OQEN DH-KAI
KATESKEUASQH TWN QEWN TA PRAGMATA 'ERWTO$ 'EGGENOMENOU,
DHLON "OTI4 KALLOU$ % 'AISCEI GAR 'OUK 'E=PI 'ERW$ % PRO
TOU* DE, "WSPER 'EN 'ARCHI 'EIPON, POLLA KAI DEINA QEOI$ 'EGIGNETO,
"W$ LEGETAI, DIA= THN TH$ 'ANAGKH$ BASILEIAN; 'EPEIDH D' "O
QEO$ "OUTO$ 'EFU, 'EK TOU* 'ERAN TWN KALWN PANT' 'AGAQA GEGONEN0
KAI QEOI$ KAI 'ANQRWPOI$.
<P 197C>
"OUTW$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0, 'W* FAIDRE, 'ERW$ PRWTO$ 'AUTO$ 'WN
KALLISTO$ KAI 'ARISTO$ META TOUTO TOI$ 'ALLOI$ 'ALLWN TOIOUTWN
'AITIO$ 'EINAI. 'EPERCETAI DE MOI TI KAI 'EMMETRON 'EIPEIN, "OTI4
"OUTO$ 'ESTIN "O POIW*N
'EIRHNHN1 MEN1 'EN1 'ANQRWPOI$1, PELAGEI1 DE1 GALHNHN1
NHNEMIAN1, 'ANEMWN1 KOITHN1 "UPNON1 T'1 'ENI1 KHDEI1.
<P 197D>
"OUTO$ DE "HMA$ 'ALLOTRIOTHTO$ MEN KENOI0, 'OIKEIOTHTO$ DE PLHROI0,
TA$ TOIASDE SUNODOU$ MET' 'ALLHLWN PASA$ TIQEI=$ SUNIENAI,
'EN "EORTAI$, 'EN COROI$, 'EN QUSIAISI GIGNOMENO$ "HGEMWN;
PRA\OTHTA MEN PORIZWN, 'AGRIOTHTA D' 'EXORIZWN; FILODWRO$
'EUMENEIA$, 'ADWRO$ DUSMENEIA$; "ILEW$ 'AGAQO$; QEATO$ SOFOI$,
'AGASTO$ QEOI$; ZHLWTO$ 'AMOIROI$, KTHTO$ 'EUMOIROI$; TRUFH$,
"ABROTHTO$, CLIDH$, CARITWN, "IMEROU, POQOU PATHR; 'EPIMELH$
'AGAQWN, 'AMELH$ KAKWN; 'EN PONWI, 'EN FOBWI, 'EN POQWI, 'EN
<P 197E>
LOGWI KUBERNHTH$, 'EPIBATH$, PARASTATH$ TE-KAI SWTHR
'ARISTO$, SUMPANTWN TE QEWN KAI 'ANQRWPWN KOSMO$, "HGEMWN
KALLISTO$ KAI 'ARISTO$, "WI CRH "EPESQAI PANTA 'ANDRA 'EFUMNOUNTA
KALW$, 'WIDH$ METECONTA "HN 'A\DEI0 QELGWN PANTWN QEWN
TE-KAI 'ANQRWPWN NOHMA.
"OUTO$, 'EFH, "O PAR' 'EMOU4 LOGO$, 'W* FAIDRE, TW*I QEWI
'ANAKEISQW, TA MEN PAIDIA$, TA DE SPOUDH$ METRIA$, KAQ'
"OSON 'EGW DUNAMAI, METECWN.


<P 198A>
'EIPONTO$ DE TOU* 'AGAQWNO$ PANTA$ 'EFH "O 'ARISTODHMO$
'ANAQORUBHSAI0 TOU$ PARONTA$, "W$ PREPONTW$ TOU* NEANISKOU
'EIRHKOTO$ KAI "AUTWI KAI TW*I QEWI. TON 'OUN SWKRATH 'EIPEIN
BLEYANTA 'EI$ TON 'ERUXIMACON, 'A*RA SOI4 DOKW0, FANAI0, 'W*
PAI 'AKOUMENOU, 'ADEE$ PALAI DEO$ DEDIENAI, 'ALL' 'OU MANTIKW$
"A NUNDH 'ELEGON 'EIPEIN, "OTI4 'AGA=QWN QAUMASTW$ 'EROI, 'EGW D'
'APORHSOIMI:
TO MEN "ETERON, FANAI0 TON 'ERUXIMACON, MANTIKW$ MOI
DOKEI$ 'EIRHKENAI, "OTI4 'AGA=QWN 'EU 'EREI2; TO DE SE 'APORHSEIN,
'OUK 'OIMAI.
<P 198B>
KAI PW*$, 'W* MAKARIE, 'EIPEIN TON SWKRATH, 'OU MELLW0
'APOREIN KAI 'EGW KAI 'ALLO$ "OSTISOUN, MELLWN LEXEIN META
KALON "OUTW KAI PANTODAPON LOGOO "RHQENTA: KAI TA MEN 'A=LLA
'OUC "OMOIW$ MEN QAUMASTA; TO DE 'EPI TELEUTH$ TOU* KALLOU$
TWN 'ONOMATWN KAI "RHMATWN TI=$ 'OUK 'AN4 'EXEPLAGH 'AKOUWN:
'EPEI 'EGWGE 'ENQUMOUMENO$ "OTI4 'AUTO$ 'OUC "OIO$-T'-'ESOMAI 'OUD'
'EGGU$ TOUTWN 'OUDEN KALON 'EIPEIN, "UP' 'AISCUNH$ 'OLIGOU
<P 198C>
'APODRA$ 'WICOMHN, 'EI PHI 'EICON. KAI-GAR ME GORGIOU "O LOGO$
'ANEMIMNHISKEN, "WSTE 'ATECNW$ TO TOU* "OMHROU 'EPEPONQH;
'EFOBOUMHN MH9 MOI9 TELEUTWN "O 'AGA=QWN GORGIOU1 KEFALHN9
DEINOU1 LEGEIN 'EN TW*I LOGWI 'EPI TON 'EMON LOGON PEMYA$1 'AUTON
ME LIQON THI 'AFWNIA\ POIHSEIEN. KAI 'ENENOHSA TO=TE 'A=RA
KATAGELASTO$ 'WN, "HNIKA "UMIN "WMOLOGOUN 'EN TW*I MEREI MEQ'
<P 198D>
"UMWN 'EGKWMIASESQAI TON 'ERWTA KAI 'EFHN 'EINAI DEINO$ TA
'ERWTIKA, 'OUDEN 'EIDW$ 'A=RA TOU* PRAGMATO$, "W$ 'EDEI 'EGKWMIAZEIN
"OTIOUN. 'EGW MEN-GAR "UP' 'ABELTERIA$ 'WIMHN DEIN 'TALHQH
LEGEIN PERI= "EKASTOU TOU* 'EGKWMIAZOMENOU, KAI TOUTO MEN
"UPARCEIN, 'EX 'AUTWN DE TOUTWN TA KALLISTA 'EKLEGOMENOU$
"W$ 'EUPREPESTATA TIQENAI; KAI PANU DH MEGA 'EFRONOUN "W$ 'EU
'ERWN2, "W$ 'EIDW$ THN 'ALHQEIAN TOU* 'EPAINEIN "OTIOUN. TO DE-'A=RA,
"W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'OU TOUTO 'H*N TO KALW$ 'EPAINEIN "OTIOUN, 'ALLA= TO "W$
<P 198E>
MEGISTA 'ANATIQENAI TW*I PRAGMATI KAI "W$ KALLISTA, 'EA=N TE 'HI
"OUTW$ 'ECONTA 'EA=N TE MH; 'EI DE YEUDH, 'OUDEN 'A=R' 'H*N PRAGMA.
PROURRHQH GAR, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "OPW$ "EKASTO$ "HMWN TON 'ERWTA
'EGKWMIAZEIN DOXEI2, 'OUC "OPW$ 'EGKWMIASETAI. DIA= TAUTA DH
'OIMAI PANTA LOGON KINOUNTE$ 'ANATIQETE0 TW*I 'ERWTI, KAI
FATE0 'AUTON TOIOUTON TE 'EINAI KAI TOSOUTWN 'AITION, "OPW$ 'AN4


<P 199A>
FAINHTAI "W$ KALLISTO$ KAI 'ARISTO$, DHLON "OTI4 TOI$ MH GIGNWSKOUSIN4 %
'OU-GAR-DHPOU TOI$ GE 'EIDOSIN % KAI KALW$ G' 'ECEI0
KAI SEMNW$ "O 'EPAINO$. 'ALLA=-GAR 'EGW 'OUK 'HIDH 'A=RA TON
TROPON TOU* 'EPAINOU, 'OU-D' 'EIDW$ "UMIN "WMOLOGHSA KAI 'AUTO$
'EN TW*I MEREI 'EPAINESESQAI. "H9 GLWSSA9 'OUN "UPESCETO, "H9 DE9
FRHN9 'OU=; CAIRETW DH. 'OU-GAR 'ETI 'EGKWMIAZW0 TOUTON TON
TROPON % 'OU-GAR 'AN4 DUNAIMHN % 'OU-MENTOI-'ALLA= TA GE 'ALHQH,
<P 199B>
'EI BOULESQE0, 'EQELW0 'EIPEIN KAT' 'EMAUTON, 'OU PRO$ TOU$
"UMETEROU$ LOGOU$, "INA MH GELWTA 'OFLW. "ORA 'OUN, 'W* FAIDRE,
'EI TI KAI TOIOUTOU LOGOU DEHI0, PERI= 'ERWTO$ 'TALHQH LEGOMENA
'AKOUEIN, 'ONOMASEI DE-KAI QESEI "RHMATWN TOIAUTHI "OPOI=A 'DAN4
TI$ TUCHI6 'EPELQOUSA.
TON 'OUN FAIDRON 'EFH KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ KELEUEIN LEGEIN,
"OPHI 'AUTO$ 'OIOITO DEIN 'EIPEIN, TAUTHI.
'ETI TOINUN, FANAI0, 'W* FAIDRE, PARE$ MOI 'AGAQWNA SMIKR'
'ATTA 'ERESQAI, "INA 'ANOMOLOGHSAMENO$ PAR' 'AUTOU4 "OUTW$ 'HDH
LEGW3.
<P 199C>
'ALLA= PARIHMI, FANAI0 TON FAIDRON, 'ALL' 'ERWTA. META
TAUTA DH TON SWKRATH 'EFH 'ENQENDE POQEN 'ARXASQAI.
KAI-MHN, 'W* FILE 'AGA=QWN, KALW$ MOI 'EDOXA$ KAQHGHSASQAI
TOU* LOGOU, LEGWN "OTI4 PRWTON MEN DEOI 'AUTON 'EPIDEIXAI0
"OPOIO$ TI$ 'ESTIN "O 'ERW$, "USTERON DE TA 'ERGA 'AUTOU4. TAUTHN
THN 'ARCHN PANU 'AGAMAI. 'IQI 'OUN MOI PERI= 'ERWTO$, 'EPEIDH
KAI 'TALLA KALW$ KAI MEGALOPREPW$ DIHLQE$ "OIO$ 'ESTI, KAI
<P 199D>
TODE 'EIPE=; POTERON 'ESTI TOIOUTO$ "OIO$ 'EINAI TINO$ "O 'ERW$
'ERW$, 'H= 'OUDENO$: 'ERWTW0 D' 'OUK 'EI MHTRO$ TINO$ 'H= PATRO$
'ESTIN % GELOION GAR 'AN4 'EIH TO 'ERWTHMA 'EI 'ERW$ 'ESTIN 'ERW$
MHTRO$ 'H= PATRO$ % 'ALL' "WSPER 'AN4 'EI 'AUTO TOUTO PATERA
'HRWTWN, 'A*RA "O PATHR 'ESTI PATHR TINO$ 'H= 'OU=: 'EIPE$ 'AN4
DHPOU MOI, 'EI 'EBOULOU KALW$ 'APOKRINASQAI, "OTI4 'ESTIN "UEO$
GE 'H= QUGATRO$ "O PATHR PATHR; 'H= 'OU=:
PANU GE, FANAI0 TON 'AGAQWNA.
'OUKOU*N-KAI "H MHTHR "WSAUTW$: "OMOLOGEISQAI KAI TOUTO.
<P 199E>
'ETI TOINUN, 'EIPEIN TON SWKRATH, 'APOKRINAI2 'OLIGWI PLEIW,
"INA MALLON KATAMAQHI$ "O= BOULOMAI. 'EI GAR 'EROIMHN, TI=
DE: 'ADELFO$, 'AUTO TOUQ' "OPER 'ESTIN, 'ESTI TINO$ 'ADELFO$ 'H=
'OU=: FANAI0 'EINAI.
'OUKOU*N 'ADELFOU 'H= 'ADELFH$: "OMOLOGEIN.
PEIRW5 DH, FANAI0, KAI TON 'ERWTA 'EIPEIN. "O 'ERW$ 'ERW$
'ESTIN 'OUDENO$ 'H= TINO$:
PANU MEN-'OUN 'ESTIN.


<P 200A>
TOUTO MEN-TOINUN, 'EIPEIN TON SWKRATH, FULAXON2 PARA
SAUTWI MEMNHMENO$ "OTOU; TOSONDE DE 'EIPE=, POTERON "O 'ERW$
'EKEINOU "OU2 'ESTIN 'ERW$, 'EPIQUMEI0 'AUTOU4 'H= 'OU=:
PANU GE, FANAI0.
POTERON 'ECWN 'AUTO "OU2 'EPIQUMEI0 TE-KAI 'ERA*I0, 'EITA 'EPIQUMEI0
TE-KAI 'ERA*I0, 'H= 'OUK 'ECWN:
'OUK 'ECWN, "W$ TO 'EIKO$ GE, FANAI0.
SKOPEI5 DH, 'EIPEIN TON SWKRATH, 'ANTI TOU* 'EIKOTO$ 'EI
'ANAGKH "OUTW$, TO 'EPIQUMOUN 'EPIQUMEIN "OU2 'ENDEE$ 'ESTIN, 'H= MH
<P 200B>
'EPIQUMEIN, 'EA=N MH 'ENDEE$ 'HI: 'EMOI4 MEN-GAR QAUMASTW$ DOKEI0,
'W* 'AGA=QWN, "W$ 'ANAGKH 'EINAI; SOI4 DE PW*$:
'KAMOI4, FANAI0, DOKEI0.
KALW$ LEGEI$. 'A*R'-'OUN BOULOIT' 'AN4 TI$ MEGA$ 'WN MEGA$
'EINAI, 'H= 'ISCURO$ 'WN 'ISCURO$:
'ADUNATON 'EK TWN "WMOLOGHMENWN.
'OU-GAR-POU 'ENDEH$ 'AN4 'EIH TOUTWN "O GE 'WN.
'ALHQH LEGEI$.
'EI GAR-KAI 'ISCURO$ 'WN BOULOITO 'ISCURO$ 'EINAI, FANAI0 TON
SWKRATH, KAI TACU$ 'WN TACU$, KAI "UGIH$ 'WN "UGIH$ % 'ISW$
GAR 'AN4 TI$ TAUTA 'OIHQEIH KAI PANTA TA TOIAUTA TOU$ 'ONTA$
<P 200C>
TE TOIOUTOU$ KAI 'ECONTA$ TAUTA TOUTWN "APER 'ECOUSI0 KAI
'EPIQUMEIN, "IN' 'OUN MH 'EXAPATHQWMEN, TOUTOU "ENEKA LEGW0 %
TOUTOI$ GAR, 'W* 'AGA=QWN, 'EI 'ENNOEI$, 'ECEIN MEN "EKASTA
TOUTWN 'EN TW*I PARONTI 'ANAGKH "A 'ECOUSIN0, 'EANTE BOULWNTAI
'EANTE MH, KAI TOUTOU GE-DHPOU TI=$ 'AN4 'EPIQUMHSEIEN: 'ALL'
"OTAN TI$ LEGHI5 "OTI4 'EGW "UGIAINWN BOULOMAI KAI "UGIAINEIN,
KAI PLOUTWN BOULOMAI KAI PLOUTEIN, KAI 'EPIQUMW0 'AUTWN
TOUTWN "A 'ECW0, 'EIPOIMEN 'AN4 'AUTWI "OTI4 SU, 'W* 'ANQRWPE,
<P 200D>
PLOUTON KEKTHMENO$ KAI "UGIEIAN KAI 'ISCUN BOULEI KAI 'EI$
TON 'EPEITA CRONON TAUTA KEKTHSQAI, 'EPEI 'EN TW*I GE NU*N
PARONTI, 'EI=TE BOULEI 'EI=TE MH, 'ECEI$; SKOPEI5 'OUN, "OTAN
TOUTO LEGHI$, "OTI4 'EPIQUMW0 TWN PARONTWN0, 'EI 'ALLO TI LEGEI$
'H= TODE, "OTI4 BOULOMAI TA NU*N PARONTA KAI 'EI$ TON 'EPEITA
CRONON PAREINAI. 'ALLO TI "OMOLOGOI 'AN4: SUMFANAI0 'EFH TON
'AGAQWNA.
'EIPEIN DH TON SWKRATH, 'OUKOU*N TOUTO G' 'ESTIN 'EKEINOU
'ERAN, "O= 'OUPW "ETOIMON 'AUTWI 'ESTIN 'OUDE 'ECEI0, TO 'EI$ TON
'EPEITA CRONON TAUTA 'EINAI 'AUTWI SWIZOMENA KAI PARONTA:
<P 200E>
PANU GE, FANAI0.
KAI "OUTO$ 'A=RA-KAI 'ALLO$ PA$ "O 'EPIQUMWN TOU* MH "ETOIMOU
'EPIQUMEI0 KAI TOU* MH PARONTO$, KAI "O= MH 'ECEI0 KAI "O= MH 'ESTIN
'AUTO$ KAI "OU2 'ENDEH$ 'ESTI, TOIAUT' 'ATTA 'ESTIN "WN "H 'EPIQUMIA
TE-KAI "O 'ERW$ 'ESTIN:
PANU G', 'EIPEIN.
'IQI DH, FANAI0 TON SWKRATH, 'ANOMOLOGHSWMEQA TA 'EIRHMENA.
'ALLO TI 'ESTIN "O 'ERW$ PRWTON MEN TINWN, 'EPEITA
TOUTWN "WN 'AN4 'ENDEIA PARHI 'AUTWI:


<P 201A>
NAI, FANAI0.
'EPI DH TOUTOI$ 'ANAMNHSQHTI TI=NWN 'EFHSQA 'EN TW*I LOGWI
'EINAI TON 'ERWTA; 'EI DE BOULEI, 'EGW SE 'ANAMNHSW2. 'OIMAI
GAR SE "OUTWSI PW$ 'EIPEIN, "OTI4 TOI$ QEOI$ KATESKEUASQH TA
PRAGMATA DI' 'ERWTA KALWN; 'AISCRWN GAR 'OUK 'EIH 'ERW$. 'OUC
"OUTWSI PW$ 'ELEGE$:
'EIPON GAR, FANAI0 TON 'AGAQWNA.
KAI 'EPIEIKW$ GE LEGEI$, 'W* "ETAIRE, FANAI0 TON SWKRATH;
KAI 'EI TOUTO "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, 'ALLO TI "O 'ERW$ KALLOU$ 'AN4 'EIH
'ERW$, 'AISCOU$ DE 'OU=: "WMOLOGEI.
<P 201B>
'OUKOU*N "WMOLOGHTAI, "OU2 'ENDEH$ 'ESTI KAI MH 'ECEI0, TOUTOU
'ERAN:
NAI, 'EIPEIN.
'ENDEH$ 'A=R' 'ESTI KAI 'OUK 'ECEI0 "O 'ERW$ KALLO$.
'ANAGKH, FANAI0.
TI= DE: TO 'ENDEE$ KALLOU$ KAI MHDAMHI KEKTHMENON KALLO$
'A*RA LEGEI$ SU KALON 'EINAI:
'OU-DHTA.
'ETI 'OUN "OMOLOGEI$ 'ERWTA KALON 'EINAI, 'EI TAUTA "OUTW$
'ECEI0:
KAI TON 'AGAQWNA 'EIPEIN KINDUNEUW0, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUDEN
'EIDENAI "WN TO=TE 'EIPON.
<P 201C>
KAI-MHN KALW$ GE 'EIPE$, FANAI0, 'W* 'AGA=QWN. 'ALLA=
SMIKRON 'ETI 'EIPE=; 'TAGAQA 'OU KAI KALA DOKEI0 SOI4 'EINAI:
'EMOIGE.
'EI 'A=RA "O 'ERW$ TWN KALWN 'ENDEH$ 'ESTI, TA DE 'AGAQA
KALA, 'KAN4 TWN 'AGAQWN 'ENDEH$ 'EIH.
'EGW, FANAI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, SOI4 'OUK 'AN4 DUNAIMHN 'ANTILEGEIN,
'ALL' "OUTW$ 'ECETW "W$ SU LEGEI$.
'OU-MEN-'OUN THI 'ALHQEIA\, FANAI0, 'W* FILOUMENE 'AGA=QWN,
DUNASAI 'ANTILEGEIN, 'EPEI SWKRATEI GE 'OUDEN CALEPON.
<P 201D>
KAI SE MEN-GE 'HDH 'EASW2; TON DE LOGON TON PERI= TOU*
'ERWTO$, "ON POT' 'HKOUSA GUNAIKO$ MANTINIKH$ DIOTIMA$, "H=
TAUTA TE SOFH 'H*N KAI 'A=LLA POLLA % KAI 'AQHNAIOI$ POTE
QUSAMENOI$ PRO TOU* LOIMOU DEKA 'ETH 'ANABOLHN 'EPOIHSE TH$
NOSOU, "H= DH-KAI 'EME TA 'ERWTIKA 'EDIDAXEN % "ON 'OUN 'EKEINH
'ELEGE LOGON, PEIRASOMAI "UMIN DIELQEIN 'EK TWN "WMOLOGHMENWN
'EMOI4 KAI 'AGAQWNI, 'AUTO$ 'EP' 'EMAUTOU, "OPW$ 'AN4
DUNWMAI. DEI DH, 'W* 'AGA=QWN, "WSPER SU DIHGHSW, DIELQEIN
<P 201E>
'AUTON PRWTON, TI=$ 'ESTIN "O 'ERW$ KAI POI*O$ TI$, 'EPEITA TA
'ERGA 'AUTOU4. DOKEI0 'OUN MOI "RA*ISTON 'EINAI "OUTW DIELQEIN, "W$
POTE ME "H XENH 'ANAKRINOUSA DIHIEI. SCEDON GAR TI KAI 'EGW
PRO$ 'AUTHN "E=TERA TOIAUTA 'ELEGON "OI*APER NU*N PRO$ 'EME
'AGA=QWN, "W$ 'EIH "O 'ERW$ MEGA$ QEO$, 'EIH DE TWN KALWN;
'HLEGCE DH ME TOUTOI$ TOI$ LOGOI$ "OISPER 'EGW TOUTON, "W$
'OUTE KALO$ 'EIH KATA TON 'EMON LOGON 'OUTE 'AGAQO$.
KAI 'EGW, PW*$ LEGEI$, 'EFHN, 'W* DIOTIMA: 'AISCRO$ 'A=RA "O
'ERW$ 'ESTI KAI KAKO$:
KAI "H=6, 'OUK 'EUFHMHSEI$: 'EFH; 'H= 'OIEI, "OTI4 'AN2 MH KALON
'HI, 'ANAGKAION 'AUTO 'EINAI 'AISCRON:


<P 202A>
MALISTA GE.
'H*-KAI 'AN2 MH SOFON, 'AMAQE$: 'H= 'OUK 'HISQHSAI "OTI4 'ESTIN
TI METAXU SOFIA$ KAI 'AMAQIA$:
TI= TOUTO:
TO 'ORQA DOXAZEIN KAI 'ANEU TOU* 'ECEIN LOGON DOUNAI0 'OUK
'OISQ', 'EFH, "OTI4 'OUTE 'EPISTASQAI 'ESTIN % 'ALOGON GAR PRAGMA
PW*$ 'AN4 'EIH 'EPISTHMH?& 'OUTE 'AMAQIA % TO GAR TOU* 'ONTO$
TUGCANON PW*$ 'AN4 'EIH 'AMAQIA: 'ESTI DE-DHPOU TOIOUTON "H
'ORQH DOXA, METAXU FRONHSEW$ KAI 'AMAQIA$.
'ALHQH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, LEGEI$.
<P 202B>
MH-TOINUN 'ANAGKAZE "O= MH KALON 'ESTIN 'AISCRON 'EINAI,
MHDE "O= MH 'AGAQON, KAKON. "OUTW DE-KAI TON 'ERWTA 'EPEIDH
'AUTO$ "OMOLOGEI$ MH 'EINAI 'AGAQON MHDE KALON, MHDEN TI
MALLON 'OIOU DEIN 'AUTON 'AISCRON KAI KAKON 'EINAI, 'ALLA= TI
METAXU, 'EFH, TOUTOIN.
KAI-MHN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OMOLOGEITAI GE PARA PANTWN MEGA$
QEO$ 'EINAI.
TWN MH 'EIDOTWN, 'EFH, PANTWN LEGEI$, 'H=-KAI TWN 'EIDOTWN:
SUMPANTWN MEN-'OUN.
KAI "H=6 GELASASA KAI PW*$ 'AN4, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$,
<P 202C>
"OMOLOGOITO MEGA$ QEO$ 'EINAI PARA TOUTWN, "OI= FASIN0 'AUTON
'OUDE QEON 'EINAI:
TI=NE$ "OUTOI: 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
"EI$ MEN, 'EFH, SU, MIA D' 'EGW.
'KAGW 'EIPON, PW*$ TOUTO, 'EFHN, LEGEI$:
KAI "H=6, "RA\DIW$, 'EFH. LEGE GAR MOI, 'OU PANTA$ QEOU$
FH=I$ 'EUDAIMONA$ 'EINAI KAI KALOU$: 'H= TOLMHSAI$ 'AN4 TINA MH
FANAI0 KALON TE-KAI 'EUDAIMONA QEWN 'EINAI:
MA DI=' 'OUK 'EGWG', 'EFHN.
'EUDAIMONA$ DE-DH LEGEI$ 'OU TOU$ 'TAGAQA KAI TA KALA
KEKTHMENOU$:
PANU GE.
<P 202D>
'ALLA=-MHN 'ERWTA GE "WMOLOGHKA$ DI' 'ENDEIAN TWN
'AGAQWN KAI KALWN 'EPIQUMEIN 'AUTWN TOUTWN "WN 'ENDEH$
'ESTIN.
"WMOLOGHKA GAR.
PW*$ 'AN4 'OUN QEO$ 'EIH "O GE TWN KALWN KAI 'AGAQWN 'AMOIRO$:
'OUDAMW$, "W$ G' 'EOIKEN0.
"ORA*I$0 'OUN, 'EFH, "OTI4 KAI SU 'ERWTA 'OU QEON NOMIZEI$:
TI= 'OUN 'AN4, 'EFHN, 'EIH "O 'ERW$: QNHTO$:
"HKISTA GE.
'ALLA= TI= MHN:
"WSPER TA PRO=TERA, 'EFH, METAXU QNHTOU KAI 'AQANATOU.
TI= 'OUN, 'W* DIOTIMA:
DAIMWN MEGA$, 'W* SWKRATE$; KAI-GAR PAN TO DAIMONION
<P 202E>
METAXU 'ESTI QEOU TE-KAI QNHTOU.
TI=NA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DUNAMIN 'ECON:
"ERMHNEUON0 KAI DIAPORQMEUON QEOI$ TA PAR' 'ANQRWPWN
KAI 'ANQRWPOI$ TA PARA QEWN, TWN MEN TA$ DEHSEI$ KAI
QUSIA$, TWN DE TA$ 'EPITAXEI$ TE-KAI 'AMOIBA$ TWN QUSIWN,
'EN MESWI DE 'ON 'AMFOTERWN SUMPLHROI0, "WSTE TO PAN 'AUTO
"AUTWI SUNDEDESQAI. DIA= TOUTOU KAI "H MANTIKH PASA CWREI0
KAI "H TWN "IEREWN TECNH TWN TE PERI= TA$ QUSIA$ KAI TELETA$


<P 203A>
KAI TA$ 'EPWIDA$ KAI THN MANTEIAN PASAN KAI GOHTEIAN. QEO$
DE 'ANQRWPWI 'OU MEIGNUTAI, 'ALLA= DIA= TOUTOU PASA 'ESTIN "H
"OMILIA KAI "H DIALEKTO$ QEOI$ PRO$ 'ANQRWPOU$, KAI 'EGRHGOROSI
KAI KAQEUDOUSI4; KAI "O MEN PERI= TA TOIAUTA SOFO$
DAIMONIO$ 'ANHR, "O DE 'ALLO TI SOFO$ 'WN 'H= PERI= TECNA$
'H= CEIROURGIA$ TINA$ BANAUSO$. "OUTOI DH "OI DAIMONE$
POLLOI KAI PANTODAPOI 'EISIN, "EI$ DE TOUTWN 'ESTI KAI "O
'ERW$.
PATRO$ DE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TI=NO$ 'ESTI KAI MHTRO$:
<P 203B>
MAKROTERON MEN, 'EFH, DIHGHSASQAI; "OMW$ DE SOI4 'ERW2.
"OTE GAR 'EGENETO "H 'AFRODITH, "HSTIWNTO "OI QEOI "OI TE 'ALLOI
KAI "O TH$ MHTIDO$ "UO$ PORO$. 'EPEIDH DE 'EDEIPNHSAN,
PROSAITHSOUSA "OION DH 'EUWCIA$ 'OUSH$ 'AFIKETO "H PENIA, KAI
'H*N PERI= TA$ QURA$. "O 'OUN PORO$ MEQUSQEI$ TOU* NEKTARO$ %
'OINO$ GAR 'OUPW 'H*N % 'EI$ TON TOU* DIO$ KHPON 'EISELQWN
BEBARHMENO$ "HUDEN. "H 'OUN PENIA 'EPIBOULEUOUSA DIA= THN
"AUTH$ 'APORIAN PAIDION POIHSASQAI 'EK TOU* POROU, KATAKLINETAI
<P 203C>
TE PAR' 'AUTWI KAI 'EKUHSE TON 'ERWTA. DIO DH-KAI
TH$ 'AFRODITH$ 'AKOLOUQO$ KAI QERAPWN GEGONEN0 "O 'ERW$,
GENNHQEI$ 'EN TOI$ 'EKEINH$ GENEQLIOI$, KAI "AMA FUSEI 'ERASTH$
'WN PERI= TO KALON KAI TH$ 'AFRODITH$ KALH$ 'OUSH$.
"ATE 'OUN POROU KAI PENIA$ "UO$ 'WN "O 'ERW$ 'EN TOIAUTHI TUCHI
KAQESTHKEN0. PRWTON MEN PENH$ 'AEI 'ESTI, KAI POLLOU DEI
"APALO$ TE-KAI KALO$, "OION "OI POLLOI 'OIONTAI, 'ALLA= SKLHRO$
<P 203D>
KAI 'AUCMHRO$ KAI 'ANUPODHTO$ KAI 'AOIKO$, CAMAIPETH$ 'AEI
'WN KAI 'ASTRWTO$, 'EPI QURAI$ KAI 'EN "ODOI$ "UPAIQRIO$ KOIMWMENO$,
THN TH$ MHTRO$ FUSIN 'ECWN, 'AEI 'ENDEIA\ SUNOIKO$.
KATA DE 'AU TON PATERA 'EPIBOULO$ 'ESTI TOI$ KALOI$ KAI TOI$
'AGAQOI$, 'ANDREIO$ 'WN KAI 'ITH$ KAI SUNTONO$, QHREUTH$
DEINO$, 'AEI TINA$ PLEKWN MHCANA$, KAI FRONHSEW$ 'EPIQUMHTH$
KAI PORIMO$, FILOSOFWN DIA= PANTO$ TOU* BIOU,
DEINO$ GOH$ KAI FARMAKEU$ KAI SOFISTH$; KAI-'OUTE "W$
<P 203E>
'AQANATO$ PEFUKEN0 'OUTE "W$ QNHTO$, 'ALLA= TOTE= MEN TH$ 'AUTH$
"HMERA$ QALLEI0 TE-KAI ZHI0, "OTAN 'EUPORHSHI6, TOTE= DE 'APOQNHISKEI0,
PALIN DE 'ANABIWSKETAI DIA= THN TOU* PATRO$ FUSIN, TO
DE PORIZOMENON 'AEI "UPEKREI0, "WSTE 'OUTE 'APOREI0 'ERW$ POTE
'OUTE PLOUTEI0, SOFIA$ TE 'AU KAI 'AMAQIA$ 'EN MESWI 'ESTIN.


<P 204A>
'ECEI0 GAR "WDE. QEWN 'OUDEI$ FILOSOFEI0 'OUD' 'EPIQUMEI0 SOFO$
GENESQAI % 'ESTI GAR % 'OUD' 'EI TI$ 'ALLO$ SOFO$, 'OU FILOSOFEI0.
'OUD' 'AU "OI 'AMAQEI$ FILOSOFOUSIN0 'OUD' 'EPIQUMOUSI0 SOFOI
GENESQAI; 'AUTO GAR TOUTO 'ESTI CALEPON 'AMAQIA, TO MH
'ONTA KALON 'KAGAQON MHDE FRONIMON DOKEIN "AUTWI 'EINAI
"IKANON. 'OU=KOUN 'EPIQUMEI0 "O MH 'OIOMENO$ 'ENDEH$ 'EINAI "OU2 'AN4
MH 'OIHTAI 'EPIDEISQAI.
TI=NE$ 'OUN, 'EFHN 'EGW, 'W* DIOTIMA, "OI FILOSOFOUNTE$, 'EI
MHTE "OI SOFOI MHTE "OI 'AMAQEI$:
<P 204B>
DHLON DH, 'EFH, TOUTO GE 'HDH KAI PAIDI, "OTI4 "OI METAXU
TOUTWN 'AMFOTERWN, "WN 'AN4 'EIH KAI "O 'ERW$. 'ESTIN GAR-DH TWN
KALLISTWN "H SOFIA, 'ERW$ D' 'ESTIN 'ERW$ PERI= TO KALON,
"WSTE 'ANAGKAION 'ERWTA FILOSOFON 'EINAI, FILOSOFON DE
'ONTA METAXU 'EINAI SOFOU KAI 'AMAQOU$. 'AITIA DE 'AUTWI KAI
TOUTWN "H GENESI$; PATRO$ MEN-GAR SOFOU 'ESTI KAI 'EUPOROU,
MHTRO$ DE 'OU SOFH$ KAI 'APOROU. "H MEN-'OUN FUSI$ TOU*
DAIMONO$, 'W* FILE SWKRATE$, "AU=TH; "ON DE SU 'WIHQH$ 'ERWTA
<P 204C>
'EINAI, QAUMASTON 'OUDEN 'EPAQE$. 'WIHQH$ DE, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0
TEKMAIROMENHI 'EX "WN SU LEGEI$, TO 'ERWMENON 'ERWTA 'EINAI,
'OU TO 'ERWN; DIA= TAUTA SOI4 'OIMAI PAGKALO$ 'EFAINETO "O
'ERW$. KAI-GAR 'ESTI TO 'ERASTON TO TW*I-'ONTI KALON KAI
"ABRON KAI TELEON KAI MAKARISTON; TO DE-GE 'ERWN 'ALLHN
'IDEAN TOIAUTHN 'ECON, "OIAN 'EGW DIHLQON.
KAI 'EGW 'EIPON, 'EIEN DH, 'W* XENH, KALW$ GAR LEGEI$;
TOIOUTO$ 'WN "O 'ERW$ TI=NA CREIAN 'ECEI0 TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$:
<P 204D>
TOUTO DH META TAUT', 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, PEIRASOMAI SE
DIDAXAI0. 'ESTI MEN-GAR-DH TOIOUTO$ KAI "OUTW GEGONW$ "O
'ERW$, 'ESTI DE TWN KALWN, "W$ SU FH=I$. 'EI DE TI$ "HMA$
'EROITO; TI= TWN KALWN 'ESTIN "O 'ERW$, 'W* SWKRATE$ TE-KAI
DIOTIMA: "WDE DE SAFESTERON; 'ERA*I0 "O 'ERWN TWN KALWN;
TI= 'ERA*I0:
KAI 'EGW 'EIPON "OTI4 GENESQAI "AUTWI.
'ALL' 'ETI POQEI0, 'EFH, "H 'APOKRISI$ 'ERWTHSIN TOIANDE; TI=
'ESTAI 'EKEINWI "WI 'AN4 GENHTAI TA KALA:
'OU PANU 'EFHN 'ETI 'ECEIN 'EGW PRO$ TAUTHN THN 'ERWTHSIN
PROCEIRW$ 'APOKRINASQAI.
<P 204E>
'ALL', 'EFH, "WSPER 'AN4 'EI TI$ METABALWN2 'ANTI TOU* KALOU
TW*I 'AGAQWI CRWMENO$ PUNQANOITO; FERE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ERA*I0 "O
'ERWN TWN 'AGAQWN; TI= 'ERA*I0:
GENESQAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "AUTWI.
KAI TI= 'ESTAI 'EKEINWI "WI 'AN4 GENHTAI 'TAGAQA:
TOUT' 'EUPORWTERON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ECW0 'APOKRINASQAI, "OTI4
'EUDAIMWN 'ESTAI.


<P 205A>
KTHSEI GAR, 'EFH, 'AGAQWN "OI 'EUDAIMONE$ 'EUDAIMONE$, KAI
'OUKETI PROSDEI0 'ERESQAI "INA TI= DE BOULETAI 'EUDAIMWN 'EINAI
"O BOULOMENO$: 'ALLA= TELO$ DOKEI0 'ECEIN "H 'APOKRISI$.
'ALHQH LEGEI$, 'EIPON 'EGW.
TAUTHN DH THN BOULHSIN KAI TON 'ERWTA TOUTON PO=TERA
KOINON 'OIEI 'EINAI PANTWN 'ANQRWPWN, KAI PANTA$ 'TAGAQA
BOULESQAI "AUTOI$ 'EINAI 'AEI, 'H= PW*$ LEGEI$:
"OUTW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; KOINON 'EINAI PANTWN.
TI= DH-'OUN, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OU PANTA$ 'ERAN FAMEN,
<P 205B>
'EIPER GE PANTE$ TWN 'AUTWN 'ERWSI0 KAI 'AEI, 'ALLA= TINA$ FAMEN
'ERAN, TOU$ D' 'OU=:
QAUMAZW0, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI 'AUTO$.
'ALLA= MH QAUMAZ', 'EFH; 'AFELONTE$ GAR-'A=RA TOU* 'ERWTO$
TI 'EIDO$ 'ONOMAZOMEN, TO TOU* "OLOU 'EPITIQENTE$ 'ONOMA, 'ERWTA,
TA DE 'A=LLA 'ALLOI$ KATACRWMEQA0 'ONOMASIN.
"WSPER TI=: 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
"WSPER TODE. 'OISQ' "OTI4 POIHSI$ 'ESTI TI POLU; "H GAR-TOI
'EK TOU* MH 'ONTO$ 'EI$ TO 'ON 'IONTI "OTWIOUN 'AITIA PASA 'ESTI
<P 205C>
POIHSI$, "WSTE KAI "AI "UPO PASAI$ TAI$ TECNAI$ 'ERGASIAI
POIHSEI$ 'EISI KAI "OI TOUTWN DHMIOURGOI PANTE$ POIHTAI.
'ALHQH LEGEI$.
'ALL' "OMW$, 'H*-D'-"H, 'OISQ' "OTI4 'OU KALOUNTAI0 POIHTAI 'ALLA=
'A=LLA 'ECOUSIN0 'ONOMATA, 'APO DE PASH$ TH$ POIHSEW$ "EN
MORION 'AFORISQEN TO PERI= THN MOUSIKHN KAI TA METRA TW*I
TOU* "OLOU 'ONOMATI PROSAGOREUETAI. POIHSI$ GAR TOUTO
MONON KALEITAI0, KAI "OI 'ECONTE$ TOUTO TO MORION TH$ POIHSEW$
POIHTAI.
'ALHQH LEGEI$, 'EFHN.
<P 205D>
"OUTW TOINUN-KAI PERI= TON 'ERWTA. TO MEN KEFALAION 'ESTI
PASA "H TWN 'AGAQWN 'EPIQUMIA KAI TOU* 'EUDAIMONEIN "O MEGISTO$
TE-KAI DOLERO$ 'ERW$ PANTI; 'ALL' "OI MEN 'ALLHI
TREPOMENOI POLLACHI 'EP' 'AUTON, 'H= KATA CRHMATISMON 'H= KATA
FILOGUMNASTIAN 'H= KATA FILOSOFIAN, 'OUTE 'ERAN KALOUNTAI0
'OUTE 'ERASTAI, "OI DE KATA "EN TI 'EIDO$ 'IONTE$ TE-KAI 'ESPOUDAKOTE$
TO TOU* "OLOU 'ONOMA 'ISCOUSIN0, 'ERWTA TE-KAI 'ERAN KAI
'ERASTAI.
KINDUNEUEI$ 'ALHQH, 'EFHN 'EGW, LEGEIN.
KAI LEGETAI MEN-GE TI$, 'EFH, LOGO$, "W$ "OI= 'AN4 TO "HMISU
<P 205E>
"EAUTWN ZHTWSIN, "OUTOI 'ERWSIN0; "O D' 'EMO$ LOGO$ 'OUTE "HMISEO$
FHSIN 'EINAI TON 'ERWTA 'OUTE "OLOU, 'EA=N MH TUGCANHI5 GE-POU,
'W* "ETAIRE, 'AGAQON 'ON, 'EPEI "AUTWN GE-KAI PODA$ KAI CEIRA$
'EQELOUSIN0 'APOTEMNESQAI "OI 'ANQRWPOI, 'EA=N 'AUTOI$ DOKHI5 TA
"EAUTWN PONHRA 'EINAI. 'OU-GAR TO "EAUTWN 'OIMAI "EKASTOI
'ASPAZONTAI, 'EI MH 'EI TI$ TO MEN 'AGAQON 'OIKEION KALEI0 KAI
"EAUTOU, TO DE KAKON 'ALLOTRION; "W$ 'OUDEN GE 'ALLO 'ESTIN "OU2


<P 206A>
'ERWSIN0 "ANQRWPOI 'H= TOU* 'AGAQOU. 'H= SOI4 DOKOUSIN0:
MA DI=' 'OUK 'EMOIGE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
'A*R'-'OUN, 'H*-D'-"H=, "OUTW$ "APLOUN 'ESTI LEGEIN "OTI4 "OI
'ANQRWPOI 'TAGAQOU 'ERWSIN0:
NAI, 'EFHN.
TI= DE: 'OU PROSQETEON, 'EFH, "OTI4 KAI 'EINAI TO 'AGAQON
"AUTOI$ 'ERWSIN0:
PROSQETEON.
'A*R'-'OUN, 'EFH, KAI 'OU MONON 'EINAI, 'ALLA=-KAI 'AEI 'EINAI:
KAI TOUTO PROSQETEON.
'ESTIN 'A=RA SULLHBDHN, 'EFH, "O 'ERW$ TOU* TO 'AGAQON "AUTWI
'EINAI 'AEI.
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFHN 'EGW, LEGEI$.
<P 206B>
"OTE DH TOUTO "O 'ERW$ 'ESTIN 'AEI, 'H*-D'-"H=, TWN TI=NA TROPON
DIWKONTWN0 'AUTO KAI 'EN TI=NI PRAXEI "H SPOUDH KAI "H SUNTASI$
'ERW$ 'AN4 KALOITO: TI= TOUTO TUGCANEI0 'ON TO 'ERGON: 'ECEI$
'EIPEIN:
'OU-'MENTAN4 SE, 'EFHN 'EGW, 'W* DIOTIMA, 'EQAUMAZON 'EPI
SOFIA\ KAI 'EFOITWN PARA SE 'AUTA TAUTA MAQHSOMENO$.
'ALLA= 'EGW SOI4, 'EFH, 'ERW2. 'ESTI GAR TOUTO TOKO$ 'EN
KALWI KAI KATA TO SWMA KAI KATA THN YUCHN.
MANTEIA$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DEITAI "OTI2 POTE LEGEI$, KAI 'OU
MANQANW0.
<P 206C>
'ALL' 'EGW, 'H*-D'-"H=, SAFESTERON 'ERW2. KUOUSIN0 GAR, 'EFH,
'W* SWKRATE$, PANTE$ 'ANQRWPOI KAI KATA TO SWMA KAI KATA
THN YUCHN, KAI 'EPEIDAN 'EN TINI "HLIKIA\ GENWNTAI, TIKTEIN
'EPIQUMEI0 "HMWN "H FUSI$. TIKTEIN DE 'EN MEN 'AISCRWI 'OU
DUNATAI, 'EN DE TW*I KALWI. "H GAR 'ANDRO$ KAI GUNAIKO$
SUNOUSIA TOKO$ 'ESTIN. 'ESTI DE TOUTO QEION TO PRAGMA,
KAI TOUTO 'EN QNHTWI 'ONTI TW*I ZWIWI 'AQANATON 'ENESTIN, "H KUHSI$
KAI "H GENNHSI$. TA DE 'EN TW*I 'ANARMOSTWI 'ADUNATON GENESQAI.
<P 206D>
'ANARMOSTON D' 'ESTI TO 'AISCRON PANTI TW*I QEIWI, TO
DE KALON "ARMOTTON. MOIRA 'OUN-KAI 'EILEIQUIA "H KALLONH
'ESTI THI GENESEI. DIA= TAUTA "OTAN MEN KALWI PROSPELAZHI5
TO KUOUN, "ILEWN TE GIGNETAI KAI 'EUFRAINOMENON DIACEITAI0
KAI TIKTEI0 TE-KAI GENNA*I0; "OTAN DE 'AISCRWI, SKUQRWPON TE-KAI
LUPOUMENON SUSPEIRATAI0 KAI 'APOTREPETAI KAI 'ANEILLETAI
KAI 'OU GENNA*I0, 'ALLA= 'ISCON0 TO KUHMA CALEPW$ FEREI0. "OQEN DH
TW*I KUOUNTI TE-KAI 'HDH SPARGWNTI POLLH "H PTOIHSI$ GEGONE0
<P 206E>
PERI= TO KALON DIA= TO MEGALH$ 'WDINO$ 'APOLUEIN TON 'ECONTA.
'ESTIN GAR, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EFH, 'OU TOU* KALOU "O 'ERW$, "W$
SU 'OIEI.
'ALLA= TI= MHN:
TH$ GENNHSEW$ KAI TOU* TOKOU 'EN TW*I KALWI.
'EIEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH. TI= DH-'OUN TH$ GENNHSEW$: "OTI4
'AEIGENE$ 'ESTI KAI 'AQANATON "W$ QNHTWI "H GENNHSI$. 'AQANASIA$


<P 207A>
DE 'ANAGKAION 'EPIQUMEIN META 'AGAQOU 'EK TWN "WMOLOGHMENWN,
'EIPER TOU* 'AGAQOU "EAUTWI 'EINAI 'AEI 'ERW$ 'ESTIN.
'ANAGKAION DH 'EK TOUTOU TOU* LOGOU KAI TH$ 'AQANASIA$ TON
'ERWTA 'EINAI.
TAUTA TE-'OUN PANTA 'EDIDASKE ME, "OPOTE PERI= TWN 'ERWTIKWN
LOGOU$ POIOITO, KAI POTE 'HRETO TI= 'OIEI, 'W* SWKRATE$,
'AITION 'EINAI TOUTOU TOU* 'ERWTO$ KAI TH$ 'EPIQUMIA$: 'H= 'OUK
'AISQANHI0 "W$ DEINW$ DIATIQETAI PANTA TA QHRIA 'EPEIDAN GENNAN
'EPIQUMHSHI6, KAI TA PEZA KAI TA PTHNA, NOSOUNTA TE
<P 207B>
PANTA KAI 'ERWTIKW$ DIATIQEMENA, PRWTON MEN PERI= TO SUMMIGHNAI
'ALLHLOI$, 'EPEITA PERI= THN TROFHN TOU* GENOMENOU,
KAI "ETOIMA 'ESTIN "UPER TOUTWN KAI DIAMACESQAI TA 'ASQENESTATA
TOI$ 'ISCUROTATOI$ KAI "UPERAPOQNHISKEIN, KAI 'AUTA TW*I
LIMWI PARATEINOMENA "WST' 'EKEINA 'EKTREFEIN, KAI 'ALLO PAN
POIOUNTA. TOU$ MEN-GAR 'ANQRWPOU$, 'EFH, 'OIOIT' 'AN4 TI$ 'EK
LOGISMOU TAUTA POIEIN; TA DE QHRIA TI=$ 'AITIA "OUTW$ 'ERWTIKW$
<P 207C>
DIATIQESQAI: 'ECEI$ LEGEIN:
KAI 'EGW 'AU 'ELEGON "OTI4 'OUK 'EIDEIHN; "H=6 D' 'EI*PEN, DIANOHI0
'OUN DEINO$ POTE GENHSESQAI TA 'ERWTIKA, 'EA=N TAUTA MH
'ENNOHI$:
'ALLA= DIA= TAUTA TOI, 'W* DIOTIMA, "OPER NUNDH 'EIPON, PARA
SE "HKW0, GNOU$ "OTI4 DIDASKALWN DEOMAI. 'ALLA= MOI LEGE
KAI TOUTWN THN 'AITIAN KAI TWN 'ALLWN TWN PERI= TA 'ERWTIKA.
'EI TOINUN, 'EFH, PISTEUEI$ 'EKEINOU 'EINAI FUSEI TON 'ERWTA,
"OU2 POLLAKI$ "WMOLOGHKAMEN, MH QAUMAZE. 'ENTAUQA GAR
<P 207D>
TON 'AUTON 'EKEINWI LOGON "H QNHTH FUSI$ ZHTEI0 KATA TO DUNATON
'AEI TE 'EINAI KAI 'AQANATO$. DUNATAI DE TAUTHI MONON, THI
GENESEI, "OTI4 'AEI KATALEIPEI0 "ETERON NEON 'ANTI TOU* PALAIOU,
'EPEI KAI 'EN "WI "EN "EKASTON TWN ZWIWN ZHN KALEITAI0 KAI 'EINAI
TO 'AUTO % "OION 'EK PAIDARIOU "O 'AUTO$ LEGETAI "EW$ 'AN4 PRESBUTH$
GENHTAI; "OUTO$ MENTOI 'OUDEPOTE TA 'AUTA 'ECWN 'EN
"AUTWI "OMW$ "O 'AUTO$ KALEITAI0, 'ALLA= NEO$ 'AEI GIGNOMENO$, TA
DE 'APOLLU$, KAI KATA TA$ TRICA$ KAI SARKA KAI 'OSTA KAI
<P 207E>
"AIMA KAI SUMPAN TO SWMA. KAI MH-"OTI KATA TO SWMA,
'ALLA=-KAI KATA THN YUCHN "OI TROPOI, TA 'HQH, DOXAI, 'EPIQUMIAI,
"HDONAI, LUPAI, FOBOI, TOUTWN "EKASTA 'OUDEPOTE TA
'AUTA PARESTIN "EKASTWI, 'ALLA= TA MEN GIGNETAI, TA DE 'APOLLUTAI.
POLU DE TOUTWN 'ATOPWTERON 'ETI, "OTI4 KAI "AI 'EPISTHMAI


<P 208A>
MH-"OTI "AI MEN GIGNONTAI, "AI DE 'APOLLUNTAI "HMIN, KAI 'OUDEPOTE
"OI 'AUTOI 'ESMEN 'OUDE KATA TA$ 'EPISTHMA$, 'ALLA=-KAI
MIA "EKASTH TWN 'EPISTHMWN 'TAUTON PASCEI0. "O= GAR KALEITAI0
MELETAN, "W$ 'EXIOUSH$ 'ESTI TH$ 'EPISTHMH$; LHQH GAR
'EPISTHMH$ 'EXODO$, MELETH DE PALIN KAINHN 'EMPOIOUSA 'ANTI
TH$ 'APIOUSH$ MNHMHN SWIZEI0 THN 'EPISTHMHN, "WSTE THN
'AUTHN DOKEIN 'EINAI. TOUTWI GAR TW*I TROPWI PAN TO QNHTON
SWIZETAI, 'OU TW*I PANTAPASIN TO 'AUTO 'AEI 'EINAI "WSPER TO
<P 208B>
QEION, 'ALLA= TW*I TO 'APION KAI PALAIOUMENON "ETERON NEON
'EGKATALEIPEIN "OION 'AUTO 'H*N. TAUTHI THI MHCANHI, 'W* SWKRATE$,
'EFH QNHTON 'AQANASIA$ METECEI0, KAI SWMA KAI 'TALLA
PANTA; 'AQANATON DE 'ALLHI. MH-'OUN QAUMAZE 'EI TO "AUTOU
'APOBLASTHMA FUSEI PAN TIMA*I0; 'AQANASIA$ GAR CARIN PANTI
"AU=TH "H SPOUDH KAI "O 'ERW$ "EPETAI.
KAI 'EGW 'AKOUSA$ TON LOGON 'EQAUMASA TE-KAI 'EIPON
'EIEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* SOFWTATH DIOTIMA, TAUTA "W$ 'ALHQW$
"OUTW$ 'ECEI0:
<P 208C>
KAI "H=6, "WSPER "OI TELEOI SOFISTAI, 'EU 'ISQI, 'EFH, 'W*
SWKRATE$; 'EPEI GE-KAI TWN 'ANQRWPWN 'EI 'EQELEI$ 'EI$ THN
FILOTIMIAN BLEYAI0, QAUMAZOI$ 'AN4 TH$ 'ALOGIA$ PERI= "A 'EGW
'EIRHKA 'EI MH 'ENNOEI$, 'ENQUMHQEI$ "W$ DEINW$ DIAKEINTAI 'ERWTI
TOU* 'ONOMASTOI GENESQAI KAI1 KLEO$1 'E$1 TON1 'AEI1 CRONON1
'AQANATON1 KATAQESQAI1, KAI "UPER TOUTOU KINDUNOU$ TE
KINDUNEUEIN "ETOIMOI 'EISI PANTA$ 'ETI MALLON 'H= "UPER TWN
<P 208D>
PAIDWN, KAI CRHMATA 'ANALISKEIN KAI PONOU$ PONEIN "OUSTINASOUN
KAI "UPERAPOQNHISKEIN. 'EPEI 'OIEI SU, 'EFH, 'ALKHSTIN
"UPER 'ADMHTOU 'APOQANEIN 'AN4, 'H= 'ACILLEA PATROKLWI 'EPAPOQANEIN,
'H= PROAPOQANEIN TON "UMETERON KODRON "UPER TH$
BASILEIA$ TWN PAIDWN, MH 'OIOMENOU$ 'AQANATON MNHMHN
'ARETH$ PE=RI "EAUTWN 'ESESQAI, "HN NU*N "HMEI$ 'ECOMEN: POLLOU
GE DEI, 'EFH, 'ALL' 'OIMAI "UPER 'ARETH$ 'AQANATOU KAI TOIAUTH$
DOXH$ 'EUKLEOU$ PANTE$ PANTA POIOUSIN0, "OSWI 'AN4 'AMEINOU$
<P 208E>
'WSI, TOSOUTWI MALLON; TOU* GAR 'AQANATOU 'ERWSIN0. "OI MEN-'OUN
'EGKUMONE$, 'EFH, KATA TA SWMATA 'ONTE$ PRO$ TA$ GUNAIKA$
MALLON TREPONTAI KAI TAUTHI 'ERWTIKOI 'EISIN, DIA= PAIDOGONIA$
'AQANASIAN KAI MNHMHN KAI 'EUDAIMONIAN, "W$ 'OIONTAI, "AUTOI$
'EI$ TON 'EPEITA CRONON PANTA PORIZOMENOI; "OI DE KATA THN


<P 209A>
YUCHN % 'EISI GAR-'OUN, 'EFH, "OI= 'EN TAI$ YUCAI$ KUOUSIN0 'ETI
MALLON 'H= 'EN TOI$ SWMASIN, "A YUCHI PROSHKEI0 KAI KUHSAI0
KAI TEKEIN; TI= 'OUN PROSHKEI0: FRONHSIN TE-KAI THN 'ALLHN
'ARETHN % "WN DH 'EISI KAI "OI POIHTAI PANTE$ GENNHTORE$ KAI
TWN DHMIOURGWN "OSOI LEGONTAI "EURETIKOI 'EINAI; POLU DE
MEGISTH, 'EFH, KAI KALLISTH TH$ FRONHSEW$ "H PERI= TA TWN
POLEWN TE-KAI 'OIKHSEWN DIAKOSMHSI$, "HI DH 'ONOMA 'ESTI
SWFROSUNH TE-KAI DIKAIOSUNH % TOUTWN D' 'AU "OTAN TI$ 'EK
<P 209B>
NEOU 'EGKUMWN 'HI THN YUCHN, 'HIQEO$ 'WN KAI "HKOUSH$ TH$
"HLIKIA$, TIKTEIN TE-KAI GENNAN 'HDH 'EPIQUMHI5, ZHTEI0 DH
'OIMAI KAI "OUTO$ PERIIWN TO KALON 'EN "WI 'AN4 GENNHSEIEN; 'EN
TW*I GAR 'AISCRWI 'OUDEPOTE GENNHSEI2. TA TE-'OUN SWMATA TA
KALA MALLON 'H= TA 'AISCRA 'ASPAZETAI "ATE KUWN, KAI 'AN2
'ENTUCHI6 YUCHI KALHI KAI GENNAIA\ KAI 'EUFUEI, PANU DH 'ASPAZETAI
TO SUNAMFOTERON, KAI PRO$ TOUTON TON 'ANQRWPON
'EUQU$ 'EUPOREI0 LOGWN PERI= 'ARETH$ KAI PERI= "OION CRH 'EINAI
<P 209C>
TON 'ANDRA TON 'AGAQON KAI "A 'EPITHDEUEIN, KAI 'EPICEIREI0
PAIDEUEIN. "APTOMENO$ GAR 'OIMAI TOU* KALOU KAI "OMILWN
'AUTWI, "A PALAI 'EKUEI TIKTEI0 KAI GENNA*I0, KAI PARWN KAI 'APWN
MEMNHMENO$, KAI TO GENNHQEN SUNEKTREFEI0 KOINHI MET' 'EKEINOU,
"WSTE POLU MEIZW KOINWNIAN TH$ TWN PAIDWN PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$
"OI TOIOUTOI 'ISCOUSI0 KAI FILIAN BEBAIOTERAN, "ATE KALLIONWN
KAI 'AQANATWTERWN PAIDWN KEKOINWNHKOTE$. KAI PA$ 'AN4
DEXAITO "EAUTWI TOIOUTOU$ PAIDA$ MALLON GEGONENAI 'H= TOU$
<P 209D>
'ANQRWPINOU$, KAI 'EI$ "OMHRON 'APOBLEYA$ KAI "HSIODON KAI
TOU$ 'ALLOU$ POIHTA$ TOU$ 'AGAQOU$ ZHLWN, "OI*A 'EKGONA "EAUTWN
KATALEIPOUSIN0, "A 'EKEINOI$ 'AQANATON KLEO$ KAI MNHMHN PARECETAI
'AUTA TOIAUTA 'ONTA; 'EI DE BOULEI, 'EFH, "OIOU$ LUKOURGO$
PAIDA$ KATELIPETO 'EN LAKEDAIMONI SWTHRA$ TH$ LAKEDAIMONO$
KAI "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN TH$ "ELLADO$. TIMIO$ DE PAR'
"UMIN KAI SOLWN DIA= THN TWN NOMWN GENNHSIN, KAI 'ALLOI
<P 209E>
'ALLOQI POLLACOU 'ANDRE$, KAI 'EN "ELLHSI KAI 'EN BARBAROI$,
POLLA KAI KALA 'APOFHNAMENOI 'ERGA, GENNHSANTE$ PANTOIAN
'ARETHN; "WN KAI "IERA POLLA 'HDH GEGONE0 DIA= TOU$ TOIOUTOU$
PAIDA$, DIA= DE TOU$ 'ANQRWPINOU$ 'OUDENO$ PW.
TAUTA MEN-'OUN TA 'ERWTIKA 'ISW$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'KAN4 SU


<P 210A>
MUHQEIH$; TA DE TELEA KAI 'EPOPTIKA, "WN "ENEKA KAI TAUTA
'ESTIN, 'EA=N TI$ 'ORQW$ METIHI5, 'OUK 'OID' 'EI "OIO$-T' 'AN4 'EIH$.
'ERW2 MEN-'OUN, 'EFH, 'EGW KAI PROQUMIA$ 'OUDEN 'APOLEIYW2;
PEIRW5 DE "EPESQAI, 'AN2 "OIO$-TE-'HI$. DEI GAR, 'EFH, TON 'ORQW$
'IONTA 'EPI TOUTO TO PRAGMA 'ARCESQAI MEN NEON 'ONTA 'IENAI
'EPI TA KALA SWMATA, KAI PRWTON MEN, 'EA=N 'ORQW$ "HGHTAI
"O "HGOUMENO$, "ENO$ 'AUTON SWMATO$ 'ERAN KAI 'ENTAUQA GENNAN
LOGOU$ KALOU$, 'EPEITA DE 'AUTON KATANOHSAI0 "OTI4 TO KALLO$
<P 210B>
TO 'EPI "OTWIOUN SWMATI TW*I 'EPI "ETERWI SWMATI 'ADELFON 'ESTI,
KAI 'EI DEI DIWKEIN TO 'EP' 'EIDEI KALON, POLLH 'ANOIA MH 'OUC
"EN TE-KAI 'TAUTON "HGEISQAI TO 'EPI PASIN TOI$ SWMASI KALLO$;
TOUTO D' 'ENNOHSANTA KATASTHNAI0 PANTWN TWN KALWN SWMATWN
'ERASTHN, "ENO$ DE TO SFODRA TOUTO CALASAI0 KATAFRONHSANTA
KAI SMIKRON "HGHSAMENON; META DE TAUTA TO 'EN TAI$
YUCAI$ KALLO$ TIMIWTERON "HGHSASQAI TOU* 'EN TW*I SWMATI,
"WSTE KAI 'EA=N 'EPIEIKH$ 'WN THN YUCHN TI$ 'KAN2 SMIKRON 'ANQO$
<P 210C>
'ECHI5, 'EXARKEIN 'AUTWI KAI 'ERAN KAI KHDESQAI KAI TIKTEIN LOGOU$
TOIOUTOU$ KAI ZHTEIN, "OITINE$ POIHSOUSI2 BELTIOU$ TOU$
NEOU$, "INA 'ANAGKASQHI 'AU QEASASQAI TO 'EN TOI$ 'EPITHDEUMASI
KAI TOI$ NOMOI$ KALON KAI TOUT' 'IDEIN "OTI4 PAN 'AUTO "AUTWI
SUGGENE$ 'ESTIN, "INA TO PERI= TO SWMA KALON SMIKRON TI
"HGHSHTAI 'EINAI; META DE TA 'EPITHDEUMATA 'EPI TA$ 'EPISTHMA$
'AGAGEIN, "INA 'IDHI6 'AU 'EPISTHMWN KALLO$, KAI BLEPWN PRO$
<P 210D>
POLU 'HDH TO KALON MHKETI TO PAR' "ENI, "WSPER 'OIKETH$,
'AGAPWN PAIDARIOU KALLO$ 'H= 'ANQRWPOU TINO$ 'H= 'EPITHDEUMATO$
"ENO$, DOULEUWN FAULO$ 'HI KAI SMIKROLOGO$, 'ALL' 'EPI
TO POLU PELAGO$ TETRAMMENO$ TOU* KALOU KAI QEWRWN POLLOU$
KAI KALOU$ LOGOU$ KAI MEGALOPREPEI$ TIKTHI5 KAI DIANOHMATA
'EN FILOSOFIA\ 'AFQONWI, "EW$ 'AN4 'ENTAUQA "RWSQEI$ KAI
'AUXHQEI$ KATIDHI6 TINA 'EPISTHMHN MIAN TOIAUTHN, "H= 'ESTI KALOU
<P 210E>
TOIOUDE. PEIRW5 DE MOI, 'EFH, TON NOUN PROSECEIN "W$ "OION-TE
MALISTA. "O$ GAR 'AN4 MECRI 'ENTAUQA PRO$ TA 'ERWTIKA
PAIDAGWGHQHI, QEWMENO$ 'EFEXH$ TE-KAI 'ORQW$ TA KALA, PRO$
TELO$ 'HDH 'IWN TWN 'ERWTIKWN 'EXAIFNH$ KATOYETAI TI QAUMASTON
THN FUSIN KALON, TOUTO 'EKEINO, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OU2 DH
"ENEKEN KAI "OI 'EMPROSQEN PANTE$ PONOI 'HSAN, PRWTON MEN


<P 211A>
'AEI 'ON KAI-'OUTE GIGNOMENON 'OUTE 'APOLLUMENON, 'OUTE 'AUXANOMENON
'OUTE FQINON, 'EPEITA 'OU THI MEN KALON, THI D' 'AISCRON,
'OUDE TOTE= MEN, TOTE= DE 'OU=, 'OUDE PRO$ MEN TO KALON, PRO$
DE TO 'AISCRON, 'OUD' 'ENQA MEN KALON, 'ENQA DE 'AISCRON, "W$
TISI MEN 'ON KALON, TISI DE 'AISCRON; 'OUD' 'AU FANTASQHSETAI
'AUTWI TO KALON "OION PROSWPON TI 'OUDE CEIRE$ 'OUDE 'ALLO
'OUDEN "WN SWMA METECEI0, 'OUDE TI$ LOGO$ 'OUDE TI$ 'EPISTHMH,
'OUDE-POU 'ON 'EN "ETERWI TINI, "OION 'EN ZWWI 'H= 'EN GHI 'H= 'EN 'OURANWI
<P 211B>
'H= 'EN TWI 'ALLWI, 'ALL' 'AUTO KAQ' "AUTO MEQ' "AUTOU MONOEIDE$ 'AEI
'ON, TA DE 'A=LLA PANTA KALA 'EKEINOU METECONTA TROPON TINA
TOIOUTON, "OION GIGNOMENWN TE TWN 'ALLWN KAI 'APOLLUMENWN
MHDEN 'EKEINO MHTE TI PLEON MHTE 'ELATTON GIGNESQAI MHDE
PASCEIN MHDEN. "OTAN DH TI$ 'APO TWNDE DIA= TO 'ORQW$ PAIDERASTEIN
'EPANIWN 'EKEINO TO KALON 'ARCHTAI KAQORAN, SCEDON
'AN4 TI "APTOITO TOU* TELOU$. TOUTO GAR-DH 'ESTI TO 'ORQW$ 'EPI
<P 211C>
TA 'ERWTIKA 'IENAI 'H= "UP' 'ALLOU 'AGESQAI, 'ARCOMENON 'APO
TWNDE TWN KALWN 'EKEINOU "ENEKA TOU* KALOU 'AEI 'EPANIENAI,
"WSPER 'EPANABASMOI$ CRWMENON, 'APO "ENO$ 'EPI DUO KAI 'APO
DUOIN 'EPI PANTA TA KALA SWMATA, KAI 'APO TWN KALWN
SWMATWN 'EPI TA KALA 'EPITHDEUMATA, KAI 'APO TWN 'EPITHDEUMATWN
'EPI TA KALA MAQHMATA, KAI 'APO TWN MAQHMATWN 'EP'
'EKEINO TO MAQHMA TELEUTHSAI0, "O= 'ESTIN 'OUK 'ALLOU 'H= 'AUTOU4
'EKEINOU TOU* KALOU MAQHMA, KAI GNWI 'AUTO TELEUTWN "O= 'ESTI
<P 211D>
KALON. 'ENTAUQA TOU* BIOU, 'W* FILE SWKRATE$, 'EFH "H MANTINIKH
XENH, 'EIPER POU 'ALLOQI, BIWTON 'ANQRWPWI, QEWMENWI
'AUTO TO KALON. "O= 'EA=N POTE 'IDHI$, 'OU KATA CRUSION TE-KAI
'ESQHTA KAI TOU$ KALOU$ PAIDA$ TE-KAI NEANISKOU$ DOXEI2 SOI4
'EINAI, "OU$ NU*N "ORWN 'EKPEPLHXAI KAI "ETOIMO$ 'EI* KAI SU KAI
'ALLOI POLLOI, "ORWNTE$ TA PAIDIKA KAI SUNONTE$ 'AEI 'AUTOI$,
'EI PW$ "OION-T'-'H*N, MHT' 'ESQIEIN MHTE PINEIN, 'ALLA= QEASQAI
MONON KAI SUNEINAI. TI= DHTA, 'EFH, 'OIOMEQA, 'EI TWI GENOITO
<P 211E>
'AUTO TO KALON 'IDEIN 'EILIKRINE$, KAQARON, 'AMEIKTON, 'ALLA=
MH 'ANAPLEWN SARKWN TE 'ANQRWPINWN KAI CRWMATWN KAI
'ALLH$ POLLH$ FLUARIA$ QNHTH$, 'ALL' 'AUTO TO QEION KALON
DUNAITO MONOEIDE$ KATIDEIN: 'A*R' 'OIEI, 'EFH, FAULON BION


<P 212A>
GIGNESQAI 'EKEISE BLEPONTO$ 'ANQRWPOU KAI 'EKEINO "WI DEI
QEWMENOU KAI SUNONTO$ 'AUTWI: 'H= 'OUK 'ENQUMHI0, 'EFH, "OTI4 'ENTAUQA
'AUTWI MONACOU GENHSETAI, "ORWNTI "WI "ORATON TO KALON, TIKTEIN
'OUK 'EIDWLA 'ARETH$, "ATE 'OUK 'EIDWLOU 'EFAPTOMENWI, 'ALLA=
'ALHQH, "ATE TOU* 'ALHQOU$ 'EFAPTOMENWI; TEKONTI DE 'ARETHN
'ALHQH KAI QREYAMENWI "UPARCEI0 QEOFILEI GENESQAI, KAI 'EIPER
TWI 'ALLWI 'ANQRWPWN 'AQANATWI KAI 'EKEINWI:
<P 212B>
TAUTA DH, 'W* FAIDRE TE-KAI "OI 'ALLOI, 'EFH MEN DIOTIMA,
PEPEISMAI D' 'EGW; PEPEISMENO$ DE PEIRWMAI0 KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$
PEIQEIN "OTI4 TOUTOU TOU* KTHMATO$ THI 'ANQRWPEIA\ FUSEI SUNERGON
'AMEINW 'ERWTO$ 'OUK 'AN4 TI$ "RA\DIW$ LABOI. DIO DH
'EGWGE FHMI CRHNAI0 PANTA 'ANDRA TON 'ERWTA TIMAN, KAI
'AUTO$ TIMW0 TA 'ERWTIKA KAI DIAFERONTW$ 'ASKW0, KAI TOI$
'ALLOI$ PARAKELEUOMAI, KAI NU*N TE-KAI 'AEI 'EGKWMIAZW0 THN
DUNAMIN KAI 'ANDREIAN TOU* 'ERWTO$ KAQ' "OSON "OIO$-T'-'EIMI. TOUTON
<P 212C>
'OUN TON LOGON, 'W* FAIDRE, 'EI MEN BOULEI, "W$ 'EGKWMION 'EI$
'ERWTA NOMISON2 'EIRHSQAI, 'EI DE, "OTI2 KAI "OPHI CAIREI$ 'ONOMAZWN,
TOUTO 'ONOMAZE.
'EIPONTO$ DE TAUTA TOU* SWKRATOU$ TOU$ MEN 'EPAINEIN, TON
DE 'ARISTOFANH LEGEIN TI 'EPICEIREIN, "OTI4 'EMNHSQH 'AUTOU4
LEGWN "O SWKRATH$ PERI= TOU* LOGOU; KAI 'EXAIFNH$ THN 'AULEION
QURAN KROUOMENHN POLUN YOFON PARASCEIN "W$ KWMASTWN, KAI
'AULHTRIDO$ FWNHN 'AKOUEIN. TON 'OUN 'AGAQWNA, PAIDE$, FANAI0,
<P 212D>
'OU SKEYESQE: KAI 'EA=N MEN TI$ TWN 'EPITHDEIWN 'HI, KALEITE3;
'EI DE MH, LEGETE3 "OTI4 'OU PINOMEN 'ALL' 'ANAPAUOMEQA 'HDH.
KAI 'OU POLU "USTERON 'ALKIBIADOU THN FWNHN 'AKOUEIN 'EN
THI 'AULHI SFO=DRA MEQUONTO$ KAI MEGA BOWNTO$, 'ERWTWNTO$
"OPOU 'AGA=QWN KAI KELEUONTO$ 'AGEIN PAR' 'AGAQWNA. 'AGEIN
'OUN 'AUTON PARA SFA$ THN TE 'AULHTRIDA "UPOLABOUSAN KAI
'ALLOU$ TINA$ TWN 'AKOLOUQWN, KAI 'EPISTHNAI0 'EPI TA$ QURA$
<P 212E>
'ESTEFANWMENON 'AUTON KITTOU TE TINI STEFANWI DASEI KAI
'IWN, KAI TAINIA$ 'ECONTA 'EPI TH$ KEFALH$ PANU POLLA$, KAI
'EIPEIN; 'ANDRE$, CAIRETE3; MEQUONTA 'ANDRA PANU SFODRA
DEXESQE SUMPOTHN, 'H= 'APIWMEN 'ANADHSANTE$ MONON 'AGAQWNA,
'EF' "WIPER 'HLQOMEN: 'EGW GAR-TOI, FANAI0, CQE$ MEN 'OUC
"OIO$-T'-'EGENOMHN 'AFIKESQAI, NU*N DE "HKW0 'EPI THI KEFALHI
'ECWN TA$ TAINIA$, "INA 'APO TH$ 'EMH$ KEFALH$ THN TOU* SOFWTATOU
KAI KALLISTOU KEFALHN 'EA=N 'EIPW "OUTWSI 'ANADHSW4.
'A*RA KATAGELASESQE MOU "W$ MEQUONTO$: 'EGW DE, 'KAN2 "UMEI$


<P 213A>
GELATE2, "OMW$ 'EU 'OID' "OTI4 'ALHQH LEGW0. 'ALLA= MOI LEGETE3
'AUTOQEN, 'EPI "RHTOI$ 'EISIW 'H= MH: SUMPIESQE 'H= 'OU=:
PANTA$ 'OUN 'ANAQORUBHSAI0 KAI KELEUEIN 'EISIENAI KAI
KATAKLINESQAI, KAI TON 'AGAQWNA KALEIN0 'AUTON. KAI TON
'IENAI 'AGOMENON "UPO TWN 'ANQRWPWN, KAI PERIAIROUMENON "AMA
TA$ TAINIA$ "W$ 'ANADHSONTA, 'EPIPROSQE TWN 'OFQALMWN 'ECONTA
'OU KATIDEIN TON SWKRATH, 'ALLA= KAQIZESQAI PARA TON 'AGAQWNA
<P 213B>
'EN MESWI SWKRATOU$ TE-KAI 'EKEINOU; PARACWRHSAI0
GAR TON SWKRATH "W$ 'EKEINON KATIDEIN. PARAKAQEZOMENON
DE 'AUTON 'ASPAZESQAI TE TON 'AGAQWNA KAI 'ANADEIN.
'EIPEIN 'OUN TON 'AGAQWNA "UPOLUETE3, PAIDE$, 'ALKIBIADHN,
"INA 'EK TRITWN KATAKEHTAI.
PANU GE, 'EIPEIN TON 'ALKIBIADHN; 'ALLA= TI=$ "HMIN "ODE
TRITO$ SUMPOTH$: KAI "AMA METASTREFOMENON 'AUTON "ORAN
TON SWKRATH, 'IDONTA DE 'ANAPHDHSAI0 KAI 'EIPEIN 'W* "HRAKLEI$,
TOUTI TI= 'H*N: SWKRATH$ "OUTO$: 'ELLOCWN 'AU ME 'ENTAUQA KATEKEISO,
<P 213C>
"WSPER 'EIWQEI$ 'EXAIFNH$ 'ANAFAINESQAI "OPOU 'EGW 'WIMHN
"HKISTA SE 'ESESQAI. KAI NU*N TI= "HKEI$: KAI TI= 'AU 'ENTAUQA
KATEKLINH$: "W$ 'OU PARA 'ARISTOFANEI 'OUDE 'EI TI$ 'ALLO$
GELOIO$ 'ESTI TE-KAI BOULETAI, 'ALLA= DIEMHCANHSW "OPW$ PARA
TW*I KALLISTWI TWN 'ENDON KATAKEISHI2.
KAI TON SWKRATH, 'AGA=QWN, FANAI0, "ORA 'EI MOI 'EPAMUNEI$0;
"W$ 'EMOI4 "O TOUTOU 'ERW$ TOU* 'ANQRWPOU 'OU FAULON PRAGMA
GEGONEN0. 'AP' 'EKEINOU GAR TOU* CRONOU, 'AF' "OU2 TOUTOU
<P 213D>
'HRASQHN, 'OUKETI 'EXESTIN MOI 'OUTE PROSBLEYAI0 'OUTE DIALECQHNAI
KALWI 'OUD' "ENI, 'H= "OUTOSI ZHLOTUPWN ME KAI FQONWN
QAUMASTA 'ERGAZETAI KAI LOIDOREITAI TE-KAI TW CEIRE MOGI$
'APECETAI. "ORA 'OUN MH TI KAI NU*N 'ERGASHTAI, 'ALLA= DIALLAXON2
"HMA$, 'H= 'EA=N 'EPICEIRHI5 BIAZESQAI, 'EPAMUNE, "W$ 'EGW
THN TOUTOU MANIAN TE-KAI FILERASTIAN PANU 'ORRWDW0.
'ALL' 'OUK 'ESTI, FANAI0 TON 'ALKIBIADHN, 'EMOI4 KAI SOI4 DIALLAGH.
'ALLA= TOUTWN MEN 'EI$ 'AUQI$ SE TIMWRHSOMAI; NU*N
<P 213E>
DE MOI, 'AGA=QWN, FANAI0, METADO$ TWN TAINIWN, "INA 'ANADHSW4
KAI THN TOUTOU TAUTHNI THN QAUMASTHN KEFALHN, KAI MH MOI
MEMFHTAI "OTI4 SE MEN 'ANEDHSA, 'AUTON DE NIKWNTA 'EN LOGOI$
PANTA$ 'ANQRWPOU$, 'OU MONON PRWIHN "WSPER SU, 'ALL' 'AEI,
'EPEITA 'OUK 'ANEDHSA. KAI "AM' 'AUTON LABONTA TWN TAINIWN
'ANADEIN TON SWKRATH KAI KATAKLINESQAI.
'EPEIDH DE KATEKLINH, 'EIPEIN; 'EIEN DH, 'ANDRE$; DOKEITE0
GAR MOI NHFEIN. 'OUK 'EPITREPTEON 'OUN "UMIN, 'ALLA= POTEON;
"WMOLOGHTAI GAR TAUQ' "HMIN. 'ARCONTA 'OUN "AIROUMAI TH$
POSEW$, "EW$ 'AN4 "UMEI$ "IKANW$ PIHTE, 'EMAUTON. 'ALLA= FERETW,
'AGA=QWN, 'EI TI 'ESTIN 'EKPWMA MEGA. MALLON DE 'OUDEN DEI,
'ALLA= FERE, PAI, FANAI0, TON YUKTHRA 'EKEINON, 'IDONTA 'AUTON


<P 214A>
PLEON 'H= 'OKTW KOTULA$ CWROUNTA. TOUTON 'EMPLHSAMENON
PRWTON MEN 'AUTON 'EKPIEIN, 'EPEITA TW*I SWKRATEI KELEUEIN
'EGCEIN KAI "AMA 'EIPEIN; PRO$ MEN SWKRATH, 'W* 'ANDRE$, TO
SOFISMA MOI 'OUDEN; "OPOSON GAR 'AN4 KELEUHI5 TI$, TOSOUTON
'EKPIWN 'OUDEN MALLON MH POTE MEQUSQHI.
TON MEN-'OUN SWKRATH 'EGCEANTO$ TOU* PAIDO$ PINEIN; TON
D' 'ERUXIMACON PW*$ 'OUN, FANAI0, 'W* 'ALKIBIADH, POIOUMEN:
<P 214B>
"OUTW$ 'OUTE TI LEGOMEN 'EPI THI KULIKI 'OUTE TI 'A\DOMEN, 'ALL'
'ATECNW$ "WSPER "OI DIYWNTE$ PIOMEQA:
TON 'OUN 'ALKIBIADHN 'EIPEIN 'W* 'ERUXIMACE, BELTISTE
BELTISTOU PATRO$ KAI SWFRONESTATOU, CAIRE.
KAI-GAR SU, FANAI0 TON 'ERUXIMACON; 'ALLA= TI= POIWMEN:
"OTI2 'AN4 SU KELEUHI$. DEI GAR SOI4 PEIQESQAI;
'IHTRO$9 GAR9 'ANHR9 POLLWN9 'ANTAXIO$9 'ALLWN9;
'EPITATTE 'OUN "OTI2 BOULEI.
'AKOUSON2 DH, 'EIPEIN TON 'ERUXIMACON. "HMIN PRIN SE
'EISELQEIN 'EDOXE CRHNAI0 'EPI DEXIA "EKASTON 'EN MEREI LOGON
<P 214C>
PERI= 'ERWTO$ 'EIPEIN "W$ DUNAITO KALLISTON, KAI 'EGKWMIASAI0.
"OI MEN-'OUN 'ALLOI PANTE$ "HMEI$ 'EIRHKAMEN; SU D' 'EPEIDH 'OUK
'EIRHKA$ KAI 'EKPEPWKA$, DIKAIO$ 'EI* 'EIPEIN, 'EIPWN DE 'EPITAXAI0
SWKRATEI "OTI2 'AN4 BOULHI3, KAI TOUTON TW*I 'EPI DEXIA KAI "OUTW
TOU$ 'ALLOU$.
'ALLA=, FANAI0, 'W* 'ERUXIMACE, TON 'ALKIBIADHN, KALW$ MEN
LEGEI$, MEQUONTA DE 'ANDRA PARA NHFONTWN0 LOGOU$ PARABALLEIN
MH 'OUK 'EX 'ISOU 'HI. KAI "AMA, 'W* MAKARIE, PEIQEI0 TI
<P 214D>
SE SWKRATH$ "WN 'ARTI 'EI*PEN: 'H= 'OISQA "OTI4 'TOUNANTION 'ESTI
PAN 'H= "O= 'ELEGEN: "OUTO$ GAR, 'EA=N TINA 'EGW 'EPAINESW4 TOUTOU
PARONTO$ 'H= QEON 'H= 'ANQRWPON 'ALLON 'H= TOUTON, 'OUK 'AFEXETAI
MOU TW CEIRE.
'OUK 'EUFHMHSEI$: FANAI0 TON SWKRATH.
MA TON POSEIDW, 'EIPEIN TON 'ALKIBIADHN, MHDEN LEGE
PRO$ TAUTA, "W$ 'EGW 'OUD' 'AN4 "ENA 'ALLON 'EPAINESAIMI SOU4
PARONTO$.
'ALL' "OUTW POIEI5, FANAI0 TON 'ERUXIMACON, 'EI BOULEI;
SWKRATH 'EPAINESON2.
<P 214E>
PW*$ LEGEI$: 'EIPEIN TON 'ALKIBIADHN; DOKEI0 CRHNAI0, 'W*
'ERUXIMACE: 'EPIQWMAI TW*I 'ANDRI KAI TIMWRHSWMAI "UMWN
'ENANTION:
"OUTO$, FANAI0 TON SWKRATH, TI= 'EN NWI 'ECEI$: 'EPI TA
GELOIO=TERA ME 'EPAINESAI0: 'H= TI= POIHSEI$:
'TALHQH 'ERW2. 'ALL' "ORA 'EI PARIH$.
'ALLA=-MENTOI, FANAI0, TA GE 'ALHQH PARIHMI KAI KELEUW0
LEGEIN.
'OUK 'AN4 FQANOIMI, 'EIPEIN TON 'ALKIBIADHN. KAI-MENTOI
"OUTWSI POIHSON2. 'EA=N TI MH 'ALHQE$ LEGW3, METAXU 'EPILABOU,
'AN2 BOULHI3, KAI 'EIPE= "OTI4 TOUTO YEUDOMAI; "EKWN GAR 'EINAI 'OUDEN


<P 215A>
YEUSOMAI. 'EA=N MENTOI 'ANAMIMNHISKOMENO$ 'ALLO 'ALLOQEN
LEGW3, MHDEN QAUMASHI$; 'OU-GAR TI "RA\DION THN SHN 'ATOPIAN
"WD' 'ECONTI 'EUPORW$ KAI 'EFEXH$ KATARIQMHSAI0.
SWKRATH D' 'EGW 'EPAINEIN, 'W* 'ANDRE$, "OUTW$ 'EPICEIRHSW2,
DI' 'EIKONWN. "OUTO$ MEN-'OUN 'ISW$ 'OIHSETAI 'EPI TA GELOIO=TERA,
'ESTAI D' "H 'EIKWN TOU* 'ALHQOU$ "ENEKA, 'OU TOU* GELOIOU. FHMI
GAR-DH "OMOIOTATON 'AUTON 'EINAI TOI$ SILHNOI$ TOUTOI$ TOI$
<P 215B>
'EN TOI$ "ERMOGLUFEIOI$ KAQHMENOI$, "OUSTINA$ 'ERGAZONTAI "OI
DHMIOURGOI SURIGGA$ 'H= 'AULOU$ 'ECONTA$, "OI= DICADE DIOICQENTE$
FAINONTAI 'ENDOQEN 'AGALMATA 'ECONTE$ QEWN. KAI FHMI 'AU
'EOIKENAI 'AUTON TW*I SATURWI TW*I MARSUA\. "OTI4 MEN-'OUN TO GE
'EIDO$ "OMOIO$ 'EI* TOUTOI$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUD' 'AUTO$ 'AN4 POU
'AMFISBHTHSAI$; "W$ DE-KAI 'TALLA 'EOIKA$, META TOUTO 'AKOUE.
"UBRISTH$ 'EI*; 'H= 'OU=: 'EA=N GAR MH "OMOLOGHI$, MARTURA$ PAREXOMAI.
'ALL' 'OUK 'AULHTH$: POLU GE QAUMASIWTERO$ 'EKEINOU.
<P 215C>
"O MEN-GE DI' 'ORGANWN 'EKHLEI TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ THI 'APO TOU*
STOMATO$ DUNAMEI, KAI 'ETI NUNI "O$ 'AN4 TA 'EKEINOU 'AULHI5 % "A GAR
'OLUMPO$ 'HULEI, MARSUOU LEGW0, TOUTOU DIDAXANTO$ % TA 'OUN
'EKEINOU 'EANTE 'AGAQO$ 'AULHTH$ 'AULHI5 'EANTE FAULH 'AULHTRI$,
MONA KATECESQAI POIEI0 KAI DHLOI0 TOU$ TWN QEWN TE-KAI
TELETWN DEOMENOU$ DIA= TO QEI*A 'EINAI. SU D' 'EKEINOU TOSOUTON
MONON DIAFEREI$, "OTI4 'ANEU 'ORGANWN YILOI$ LOGOI$ 'TAUTON
<P 215D>
TOUTO POIEI$. "HMEI$ GOUN "OTAN MEN TOU 'ALLOU 'AKOUWMEN
LEGONTO$ KAI PANU 'AGAQOU "RHTORO$ 'ALLOU$ LOGOU$, 'OUDEN
MELEI0 "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN 'OUDENI; 'EPEIDAN DE SOU4 TI$ 'AKOUHI5 'H= TWN
SWN LOGWN 'ALLOU LEGONTO$, 'KAN2 PANU FAULO$ 'HI "O LEGWN,
'EANTE GUNH 'AKOUHI5 'EANTE 'ANHR 'EANTE MEIRAKION, 'EKPEPLHGMENOI
'ESMEN KAI KATECOMEQA. 'EGW GOUN, 'W* 'ANDRE$, 'EI MH
'EMELLON KOMIDHI DOXEIN MEQUEIN, 'EIPON 'OMOSA$ 'AN4 "UMIN "OI*A DH
PEPONQA 'AUTO$ "UPO TWN TOUTOU LOGWN KAI PASCW0 'ETI KAI
<P 215E>
NUNI. "OTAN GAR 'AKOUW3, POLU MOI MALLON 'H= TWN KORUBANTIWNTWN0
"H TE KARDIA PHDA*I0 KAI DAKRUA 'EKCEITAI "UPO TWN
LOGWN TWN TOUTOU, "ORW0 DE-KAI 'ALLOU$ PAMPOLLOU$ TA
'AUTA PASCONTA$; PERIKLEOU$ DE 'AKOUWN KAI 'ALLWN 'AGAQWN
"RHTORWN 'EU MEN "HGOUMHN LEGEIN, TOIOUTON D' 'OUDEN 'EPASCON,
'OUD' 'ETEQORUBHTO MOU "H YUCH 'OUD' 'HGANAKTEI "W$ 'ANDRAPODWDW$
DIAKEIMENOU, 'ALL' "UPO TOUTOUI TOU* MARSUOU POLLAKI$ DH


<P 216A>
"OUTW DIETEQHN "WSTE MOI DOXAI0 MH BIWTON 'EINAI 'ECONTI "W$
'ECW0. KAI TAUTA, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUK 'EREI$2 "W$ 'OUK 'ALHQH. KAI
'ETI GE NU*N SUNOID' 'EMAUTWI "OTI4 'EI 'EQELOIMI PARECEIN TA 'WTA,
'OUK 'AN4 KARTERHSAIMI 'ALLA= 'TAUTA 'AN4 PASCOIMI. 'ANAGKAZEI0
GAR ME "OMOLOGEIN "OTI4 POLLOU 'ENDEH$ 'WN 'AUTO$ 'ETI 'EMAUTOU
MEN 'AMELW0, TA D' 'AQHNAIWN PRATTW0. BIA\ 'OUN "WSPER 'APO
TWN SEIRHNWN 'EPISCOMENO$ TA 'WTA 'OICOMAI FEUGWN, "INA MH
'AUTOU2 KAQHMENO$ PARA TOUTWI KATAGHRASW4. PEPONQA DE
<P 216B>
PRO$ TOUTON MONON 'ANQRWPWN, "O= 'OUK 'AN4 TI$ 'OIOITO 'EN 'EMOI4
'ENEINAI, TO 'AISCUNESQAI "ONTINOUN; 'EGW DE TOUTON MONON
'AISCUNOMAI. SUNOIDA GAR 'EMAUTWI 'ANTILEGEIN MEN 'OU DUNAMENWI
"W$ 'OU DEI POIEIN "A "OUTO$ KELEUEI0, 'EPEIDAN DE 'APELQW,
"HTTHMENWI TH$ TIMH$ TH$ "UPO TWN POLLWN. DRAPETEUW0 'OUN
'AUTON KAI FEUGW0, KAI "OTAN 'IDW, 'AISCUNOMAI TA "WMOLOGHMENA.
<P 216C>
KAI POLLAKI$ MEN "HDEW$ 'AN4 'IDOIMI 'AUTON MH 'ONTA 'EN 'ANQRWPOI$;
'EI D' 'AU TOUTO GENOITO, 'EU 'OIDA "OTI4 POLU MEIZON 'AN4 'ACQOIMHN,
"WSTE 'OUK 'ECW0 "OTI2 CRHSWMAI TOUTWI TW*I 'ANQRWPWI.
KAI "UPO MEN-DH TWN 'AULHMATWN KAI 'EGW KAI 'ALLOI POLLOI
TOIAUTA PEPONQASIN "UPO TOUDE TOU* SATUROU; 'A=LLA DE 'EMOU4
'AKOUSATE "W$ "OMOIO$ T' 'ESTIN "OI$ 'EGW 'HIKASA 'AUTON KAI THN
DUNAMIN "W$ QAUMASIAN 'ECEI0. 'EU GAR 'ISTE2 "OTI4 'OUDEI$ "UMWN
<P 216D>
TOUTON GIGNWSKEI0; 'ALLA= 'EGW DHLWSW2, 'EPEIPER 'HRXAMHN.
"ORATE0 GAR "OTI4 SWKRATH$ 'ERWTIKW$ DIAKEITAI TWN KALWN KAI
'AEI PERI= TOUTOU$ 'ESTI KAI 'EKPEPLHKTAI, KAI 'AU 'AGNOEI0 PANTA
KAI 'OUDEN 'OIDEN. "W$ TO SCHMA 'AUTOU4 TOUTO 'OU SILHNWDE$:
SFODRA GE. TOUTO GAR "OUTO$ 'EXWQEN PERIBEBLHTAI, "WSPER
"O GEGLUMMENO$ SILHNO$; 'ENDOQEN DE 'ANOICQEI$ PO=SH$ 'OIESQE0
GEMEI0, 'W* 'ANDRE$ SUMPOTAI, SWFROSUNH$: 'ISTE2 "OTI4 'OUTE 'EI TI$
KALO$ 'ESTI MELEI0 'AUTWI 'OUDEN, 'ALLA= KATAFRONEI0 TOSOUTON
<P 216E>
"OSON 'OUD' 'AN4 "EI$ 'OIHQEIH, 'OUT' 'EI TI$ PLOUSIO$, 'OUT' 'EI 'ALLHN
TINA TIMHN 'ECWN TWN "UPO PLHQOU$ MAKARIZOMENWN; "HGEITAI
DE PANTA TAUTA TA KTHMATA 'OUDENO$ 'A=XIA KAI "HMA$ 'OUDEN
'EINAI % LEGW0 "UMIN % 'EIRWNEUOMENO$ DE-KAI PAIZWN PANTA TON
BION PRO$ TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ DIATELEI0. SPOUDASANTO$ DE 'AUTOU4
KAI 'ANOICQENTO$ 'OUK 'OIDA 'EI TI$ "EWRAKEN0 TA 'ENTO$ 'AGALMATA;
'ALL' 'EGW 'HDH POT' 'EIDON, KAI MOI 'EDOXEN "OUTW QEI*A KAI


<P 217A>
CRUSA 'EINAI KAI PAGKALA KAI QAUMASTA, "WSTE POIHTEON 'EINAI
'EMBRACU "OTI2 KELEUOI SWKRATH$. "HGOUMENO$ DE 'AUTON 'ESPOUDAKENAI
'EPI THI 'EMHI "WRA\ "ERMAION "HGHSAMHN 'EINAI KAI 'EUTUCHMA
'EMON QAUMASTON, "W$ "UPARCON MOI CARISAMENWI SWKRATEI PANT'
'AKOUSAI0 "OSAPER "OUTO$ 'HIDEI; 'EFRONOUN GAR-DH 'EPI THI "WRA\
QAUMASION "OSON. TAUTA 'OUN DIANOHQEI$, PRO TOU* 'OUK 'EIWQW$
'ANEU 'AKOLOUQOU MONO$ MET' 'AUTOU4 GIGNESQAI, TO=TE 'APOPEMPWN
<P 217B>
TON 'AKOLOUQON MONO$ SUNEGIGNOMHN % DEI GAR PRO$ "UMA$ PANTA
'TALHQH 'EIPEIN; 'ALLA= PROSECETE3 TON NOUN, KAI 'EI YEUDOMAI,
SWKRATE$, 'EXELEGCE % SUNEGIGNOMHN GAR, 'W* 'ANDRE$, MONO$
MONWI, KAI 'WIMHN 'AUTIKA DIALEXESQAI 'AUTON MOI "APER 'AN4
'ERASTH$ PAIDIKOI$ 'EN 'ERHMIA\ DIALECQEIH, KAI 'ECAIRON. TOUTWN
D' 'OU MALA 'EGIGNETO 'OUDEN, 'ALL' "WSPER 'EIWQEI DIALECQEI$ 'AN4
MOI KAI SUNHMEREUSA$ 'WICETO 'APIWN. META TAUTA SUGGUMNAZESQAI
<P 217C>
PROUKALOUMHN 'AUTON KAI SUNEGUMNAZOMHN, "W$ TI
'ENTAUQA PERANWN. SUNEGUMNAZETO 'OUN MOI KAI PROSEPALAIEN
POLLAKI$ 'OUDENO$ PARONTO$; KAI TI= DEI LEGEIN: 'OUDEN GAR
MOI PLEON 'H*N. 'EPEIDH DE 'OUDAMHI TAUTHI "HNUTON, 'EDOXE MOI
'EPIQETEON 'EINAI TW*I 'ANDRI KATA TO KARTERON KAI 'OUK 'ANETEON,
'EPEIDHPER 'ENEKECEIRHKH, 'ALLA= 'ISTEON 'HDH TI= 'ESTI TO PRAGMA.
PROKALOUMAI0 DH 'AUTON PRO$ TO SUNDEIPNEIN, 'ATECNW$ "WSPER
'ERASTH$ PAIDIKOI$ 'EPIBOULEUWN. KAI MOI 'OUDE TOUTO TACU
<P 217D>
"UPHKOUSEN, "OMW$ D'-'OUN CRONWI 'EPEISQH. 'EPEIDH DE 'AFIKETO
TO PRWTON, DEIPNHSA$ 'APIENAI 'EBOULETO. KAI TO=TE MEN
'AISCUNOMENO$ 'AFHKA 'AUTON; 'AUQI$ D' 'EPIBOULEUSA$, 'EPEIDH
'EDEDEIPNHKEMEN DIELEGOMHN 'AEI PORRW TWN NUKTWN, KAI 'EPEIDH
'EBOULETO 'APIENAI, SKHPTOMENO$ "OTI4 'OYE 'EIH, PROSHNAGKASA
'AUTON MENEIN0. 'ANEPAUETO 'OUN 'EN THI 'ECOMENHI 'EMOU4 KLINHI, 'EN
"HIPER 'EDEIPNEI, KAI 'OUDEI$ 'EN TW*I 'OIKHMATI 'ALLO$ KAQHUDEN 'H=
<P 217E>
"HMEI$. MECRI MEN-'OUN-DH DEURO TOU* LOGOU KALW$ 'AN4 'ECOI
KAI PRO$ "ONTINOUN LEGEIN; TO D' 'ENTEUQEN 'OUK 'AN4 MOU 'HKOUSATE
LEGONTO$, 'EI MH PRWTON MEN, TO LEGOMENON, 'OINO$ 'ANEU TE
PAIDWN KAI META PAIDWN 'H*N 'ALHQH$, 'EPEITA 'AFANISAI0 SWKRATOU$
'ERGON "UPERHFANON 'EI$ 'EPAINON 'ELQONTA 'ADIKON MOI
FAINETAI. 'ETI DE TO TOU* DHCQENTO$ "UPO TOU* 'ECEW$ PAQO$
'KAM' 'ECEI0. FASI0 GAR-POU TINA TOUTO PAQONTA 'OUK 'EQELEIN
LEGEIN "OION 'H*N PLHN TOI$ DEDHGMENOI$, "W$ MONOI$ GNWSOMENOI$


<P 218A>
TE-KAI SUGGNWSOMENOI$ 'EI PAN 'ETOLMA DRAN TE-KAI LEGEIN
"UPO TH$ 'ODUNH$. 'EGW 'OUN DEDHGMENO$ TE "UPO 'ALGEINOTEROU
KAI TO 'ALGEINOTATON "WN 'AN4 TI$ DHCQEIH % THN KARDIAN GAR
'H= YUCHN 'H= "OTI2 DEI 'AUTO 'ONOMASAI0 PLHGEI$ TE-KAI DHCQEI$
"UPO TWN 'EN FILOSOFIA\ LOGWN, "OI= 'ECONTAI 'ECIDNH$ 'AGRIWTERON,
NEOU YUCH$ MH 'AFUOU$ "OTAN LABWNTAI, KAI POIOUSI0 DRAN
TE-KAI LEGEIN "OTIOUN % KAI "ORWN 'AU FAIDROU$, 'AGAQWNA$,
<P 218B>
'ERUXIMACOU$, PAUSANIA$, 'ARISTODHMOU$ TE-KAI 'ARISTOFANA$;
SWKRATH DE 'AUTON TI= DEI LEGEIN, KAI "OSOI 'ALLOI:
PANTE$ GAR KEKOINWNHKATE TH$ FILOSOFOU MANIA$ TE-KAI
BAKCEIA$ % DIO PANTE$ 'AKOUSESQE; SUGGNWSESQE GAR TOI$ TE
TO=TE PRACQEISI KAI TOI$ NU*N LEGOMENOI$. "OI DE 'OIKETAI, KAI
'EI TI$ 'ALLO$ 'ESTIN BEBHLO$ TE-KAI 'AGROIKO$, PULA$ PANU
MEGALA$ TOI$ 'WSIN 'EPIQESQE.
'EPEIDH GAR-'OUN, 'W* 'ANDRE$, "O TE LUCNO$ 'APESBHKEI KAI
<P 218C>
"OI PAIDE$ 'EXW 'HSAN, 'EDOXE MOI CRHNAI0 MHDEN POIKILLEIN PRO$
'AUTON, 'ALL' 'ELEUQERW$ 'EIPEIN "A MOI 'EDOKEI; KAI 'EIPON KINHSA$
'AUTON, SWKRATE$, KAQEUDEI$:
'OU-DHTA, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'OISQA 'OUN "A MOI DEDOKTAI:
TI= MALISTA, 'EFH.
SU 'EMOI4 DOKEI$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EMOU4 'ERASTH$ 'AXIO$ GEGONENAI
MONO$, KAI MOI FAINHI0 'OKNEIN MNHSQHNAI PRO$ ME. 'EGW DE
"OUTWSI 'ECW0; PANU 'ANOHTON "HGOUMAI 'EINAI SOI4 MH 'OU KAI
TOUTO CARIZESQAI KAI 'EI TI 'ALLO 'H= TH$ 'OUSIA$ TH$ 'EMH$
<P 218D>
DEOIO 'H= TWN FILWN TWN 'EMWN. 'EMOI4 MEN-GAR 'OUDEN 'ESTI
PRESBUTERON TOU* "W$ "OTI2 BELTISTON 'EME GENESQAI, TOUTOU DE
'OIMAI MOI SULLHPTORA 'OUDENA KURIWTERON 'EINAI SOU4. 'EGW DH
TOIOUTWI 'ANDRI POLU MALLON 'AN4 MH CARIZOMENO$ 'AISCUNOIMHN
TOU$ FRONIMOU$, 'H= CARIZOMENO$ TOU$ TE POLLOU$ KAI 'AFRONA$.
KAI "OUTO$ 'AKOUSA$ MALA 'EIRWNIKW$ KAI SFODRA "EAUTOU TE-KAI
'EIWQOTW$ 'ELEXEN 'W* FILE 'ALKIBIADH, KINDUNEUEI$ TW*I-'ONTI
'OU FAULO$ 'EINAI, 'EIPER 'ALHQH TUGCANEI0 'ONTA "A LEGEI$
<P 218E>
PERI= 'EMOU4, KAI TI$ 'EST' 'EN 'EMOI4 DUNAMI$ DI' "H$ 'AN4 SU GENOIO
'AMEINWN; 'AMHCANON TOI KALLO$ "ORWIH$ 'AN4 'EN 'EMOI4 KAI TH$
PARA SOI4 'EUMORFIA$ PAMPOLU DIAFERON. 'EI DH KAQORWN
'AUTO KOINWSASQAI TE MOI 'EPICEIREI$ KAI 'ALLAXASQAI KALLO$
'ANTI KALLOU$, 'OUK 'OLIGWI MOU PLEONEKTEIN DIANOHI0, 'ALL'
'ANTI DOXH$ 'ALHQEIAN KALWN KTASQAI 'EPICEIREI$ KAI TW*I-'ONTI


<P 219A>
CRUSEA9 CALKEIWN9 DIAMEIBESQAI NOEI$. 'ALL', 'W*
MAKARIE, 'AMEINON SKOPEI5, MH SE LANQANW3 'OUDEN 'WN. "H TOI
TH$ DIANOIA$ 'OYI$ 'ARCETAI 'OXU BLEPEIN "OTAN "H TWN 'OMMATWN
TH$ 'AKMH$ LHGEIN 'EPICEIRHI5; SU DE TOUTWN 'ETI PORRW.
'KAGW 'AKOUSA$, TA MEN PAR' 'EMOU4, 'EFHN, TAUTA 'ESTIN, "WN
'OUDEN 'ALLW$ 'EIRHTAI 'H= "W$ DIANOOUMAI; SU DE 'AUTO$ "OUTW
BOULEUOU "OTI2 SOI4 TE 'ARISTON KAI 'EMOI4 "HGHI0.
'ALL', 'EFH, TOUTO G' 'EU LEGEI$; 'EN GAR TW*I 'EPIONTI CRONWI
<P 219B>
BOULEUOMENOI PRAXOMEN "O= 'AN4 FAINHTAI NWIN PERI= TE TOUTWN
KAI PERI= TWN 'ALLWN 'ARISTON.
'EGW MEN-DH TAUTA 'AKOUSA$ TE-KAI 'EIPWN, KAI 'AFEI$
"WSPER BELH, TETRWSQAI 'AUTON 'WIMHN; KAI 'ANASTA$ GE, 'OUD'
'EPITREYA$ TOUTWI 'EIPEIN 'OUDEN 'ETI, 'AMFIESA$ TO "IMATION
TO 'EMAUTOU TOUTON % KAI-GAR 'H*N CEIMWN % "UPO TON TRIBWNA
KATAKLINEI$ TON TOUTOUI, PERIBALWN2 TW CEIRE TOUTWI TW*I
<P 219C>
DAIMONIWI "W$ 'ALHQW$ KAI QAUMASTWI, KATEKEIMHN THN NUKTA
"OLHN. KAI-'OUDE TAUTA 'AU, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EREI$2 "OTI4 YEUDOMAI.
POIHSANTO$ DE-DH TAUTA 'EMOU4 "OUTO$ TOSOUTON PERIEGENETO
TE-KAI KATEFRONHSEN KAI KATEGELASEN TH$ 'EMH$ "WRA$ KAI
"UBRISEN % KAI PERI= 'EKEINO GE 'WIMHN TI 'EINAI, 'W* 'ANDRE$ DIKASTAI;
DIKASTAI GAR 'ESTE0 TH$ SWKRATOU$ "UPERHFANIA$ % 'EU GAR
'ISTE2 MA QEOU$, MA QEA$, 'OUDEN PERITTOTERON KATADEDARQHKW$
<P 219D>
'ANESTHN META SWKRATOU$, 'H= 'EI META PATRO$ KAQHUDON 'H=
'ADELFOU PRESBUTEROU.
TO DH META TOUTO TI=NA 'OIESQE0 ME DIANOIAN 'ECEIN, "HGOUMENON
MEN 'HTIMASQAI, 'AGAMENON DE THN TOUTOU FUSIN TE-KAI
SWFROSUNHN KAI 'ANDREIAN, 'ENTETUCHKOTA 'ANQRWPWI TOIOUTWI
"OIWI 'EGW 'OUK 'AN4 'WIMHN POT' 'ENTUCEIN 'EI$ FRONHSIN KAI 'EI$
KARTERIAN: "WSTE 'OUQ' "OPW$ 'OUN 'ORGIZOIMHN 'EICON KAI 'APOSTERHQEIHN
TH$ TOUTOU SUNOUSIA$, 'OUTE "OPHI PROSAGAGOIMHN
<P 219E>
'AUTON 'HUPOROUN. 'EU GAR 'HIDH "OTI4 CRHMASI GE POLU MALLON
'ATRWTO$ 'H*N PANTACHI 'H= SIDHRWI "O 'AIA$, "WI TE 'WIMHN 'AUTON
MONWI "ALWSESQAI, DIEPEFEUGEI ME. 'HPOROUN DH, KATADEDOULWMENO$
TE "UPO TOU* 'ANQRWPOU "W$ 'OUDEI$ "UP' 'OUDENO$
'ALLOU PERIHIA. TAUTA TE-GAR MOI "APANTA PROUGEGONEI, KAI
META TAUTA STRATEIA "HMIN 'EI$ POTEIDAIAN 'EGENETO KOINH
KAI SUNESITOUMEN 'EKEI. PRWTON MEN-'OUN TOI$ PONOI$ 'OU
MONON 'EMOU4 PERIHN, 'ALLA=-KAI TWN 'ALLWN "APANTWN % "OPOT'
'ANAGKASQEIMEN 'APOLHFQENTE$ POU, "OI*A DH 'EPI STRATEIA$,


<P 220A>
'ASITEIN, 'OUDEN 'HSAN "OI 'ALLOI PRO$ TO KARTEREIN % 'EN T' 'AU
TAI$ 'EUWCIAI$ MONO$ 'APOLAUEIN "OIO$-T'-'H*N TA T' 'A=LLA KAI
PINEIN 'OUK 'EQELWN, "OPOTE 'ANAGKASQEIH, PANTA$ 'EKRATEI, KAI
"O= PANTWN QAUMASTOTATON, SWKRATH MEQUONTA 'OUDEI$ PWPOTE
"EWRAKEN0 'ANQRWPWN. TOUTOU MEN-'OUN MOI DOKEI0 KAI 'AUTIKA "O
'ELEGCO$ 'ESESQAI. PRO$ DE 'AU TA$ TOU* CEIMWNO$ KARTERHSEI$ %
DEINOI GAR 'AUTOQI CEIMWNE$ % QAUMA=SIA 'HRGAZETO TA TE
<P 220B>
'A=LLA, KAI POTE 'ONTO$ PAGOU "OIOU DEINOTATOU, KAI PANTWN 'H=
'OUK 'EXIONTWN0 'ENDOQEN, 'H= 'EI TI$ 'EXIOI, 'HMFIESMENWN TE
QAUMASTA DH "OSA KAI "UPODEDEMENWN KAI 'ENEILIGMENWN TOU$
PODA$ 'EI$ PILOU$ KAI 'ARNAKIDA$, "OUTO$ D' 'EN TOUTOI$ 'EXHIEI
'ECWN "IMATION MEN TOIOUTON "OIONPER KAI PROTERON 'EIWQEI
FOREIN, 'ANUPODHTO$ DE DIA= TOU* KRUSTALLOU "RA*ION 'EPOREUETO
'H= "OI 'ALLOI "UPODEDEMENOI, "OI DE STRATIWTAI "UPEBLEPON
<P 220C>
'AUTON "W$ KATAFRONOUNTA SFWN. KAI TAUTA MEN-DH TAUTA;
"OION9 D' 'AU TOD'9 'EREXE9 KAI9 'ETLH9 KARTERO$9 'ANHR9
'EKEI POTE 'EPI STRATIA$, 'AXION 'AKOUSAI0. SUNNOHSA$ GAR
'AUTOQI "EWQEN TI "EISTHKEI SKOPWN, KAI 'EPEIDH 'OU PROUCWREI
'AUTWI, 'OUK 'ANIEI6 'ALLA= "EISTHKEI ZHTWN. KAI 'HDH 'H*N MESHMBRIA,
KAI "ANQRWPOI 'HISQANONTO KAI QAUMAZONTE$ 'ALLO$ 'ALLWI
'ELEGEN "OTI4 SWKRATH$ 'EX "EWQINOU FRONTIZWN TI "ESTHKE0.
TELEUTWNTE$ DE TINE$ TWN 'IWNWN, 'EPEIDH "ESPERA 'H*N DEIPNHSANTE$ %
<P 220D>
KAI-GAR QERO$ TO=TE G' 'H*N % CAMEUNIA 'EXENEGKAMENOI
"AMA MEN 'EN TW*I YUCEI KAQHUDON, "AMA D' 'EFULATTON 'AUTON 'EI
KAI THN NUKTA "ESTHXOI. "O DE "EISTHKEI MECRI "EW$ 'EGENETO
KAI "HLIO$ 'ANESCEN; 'EPEITA 'WICET' 'APIWN PROSEUXAMENO$ TW*I
"HLIWI. 'EI DE BOULESQE0 'EN TAI$ MACAI$ % TOUTO GAR-DH
DIKAION GE 'AUTWI 'APODOUNAI0 % "OTE GAR "H MACH 'H*N 'EX "H$ 'EMOI4
KAI 'TARISTEIA 'EDOSAN "OI STRATHGOI, 'OUDEI$ 'ALLO$ 'EME 'ESWSEN
<P 220E>
'ANQRWPWN 'H= "OUTO$, TETRWMENON 'OUK 'EQELWN 'APOLIPEIN, 'ALLA=
SUNDIESWSE KAI TA "OPLA KAI 'AUTON 'EME. KAI 'EGW MEN, 'W* SWKRATE$,
KAI TO=TE 'EKELEUON SOI4 DIDONAI 'TARISTEIA TOU$ STRATHGOU$,
KAI TOUTO GE MOI 'OUTE MEMYHI2 'OUTE 'EREI$2 "OTI4 YEUDOMAI;
'ALLA=-GAR TWN STRATHGWN PRO$ TO 'EMON 'AXIWMA 'APOBLEPONTWN0
KAI BOULOMENWN 'EMOI4 DIDONAI 'TARISTEIA, 'AUTO$ PROQUMOTERO$
'EGENOU TWN STRATHGWN 'EME LABEIN 'H= SAUTON. 'ETI TOINUN,
'W* 'ANDRE$, 'AXION 'H*N QEASASQAI SWKRATH, "OTE 'APO DHLIOU


<P 221A>
FUGHI 'ANECWREI TO STRATOPEDON; 'ETUCON GAR PARAGENOMENO$
"IPPON 'ECWN, "OUTO$ DE "OPLA. 'ANECWREI 'OUN 'ESKEDASMENWN
'HDH TWN 'ANQRWPWN "OUTO$ TE "AMA KAI LACH$; KAI 'EGW PERITUGCANW0,
KAI 'IDWN 'EUQU$ PARAKELEUOMAI TE 'AUTOIN QARREIN,
KAI 'ELEGON "OTI4 'OUK 'APOLEIYW2 'AUTW. 'ENTAUQA DH-KAI KALLION
'EQEASAMHN SWKRATH 'H= 'EN POTEIDAIA\ % 'AUTO$ GAR "HTTON
'EN FOBWI 'H*2 DIA= TO 'EF' "IPPOU 'EINAI % PRWTON MEN "OSON PERIHN
<P 221B>
LACHTO$ TW*I 'EMFRWN 'EINAI; 'EPEITA 'EMOIG' 'EDOKEI, 'W* 'ARISTOFANE$,
TO SON DH TOUTO, KAI 'EKEI DIAPOREUESQAI "WSPER
KAI 'ENQADE, BRENQUOMENO$1 KAI9 'TWFQALMW9 PARABALLWN1,
'HREMA PARASKOPWN KAI TOU$ FILIOU$ KAI TOU$ POLEMIOU$,
DHLO$ 'WN PANTI KAI PANU PORRWQEN "OTI4 'EI TI$ "AYETAI TOUTOU
TOU* 'ANDRO$, MALA 'ERRWMENW$ 'AMUNEITAI. DIO KAI 'ASFALW$
'APHIEI KAI "OUTO$ KAI "O "ETAIRO$; SCEDON GAR TI TWN "OUTW
DIAKEIMENWN 'EN TW*I POLEMWI 'OUDE "APTONTAI, 'ALLA= TOU$ PROTROPADHN
<P 221C>
FEUGONTA$ DIWKOUSIN0.
POLLA MEN-'OUN 'AN4 TI$ KAI 'A=LLA 'ECOI SWKRATH 'EPAINESAI0
KAI QAUMA=SIA; 'ALLA= TWN MEN 'ALLWN 'EPITHDEUMATWN TAC' 'AN4
TI$ KAI PERI= 'ALLOU TOIAUTA 'EIPOI, TO DE MHDENI 'ANQRWPWN
"OMOION 'EINAI, MHTE TWN PALAIWN MHTE TWN NU*N 'ONTWN0, TOUTO
'AXION PANTO$ QAUMATO$. "OIO$ GAR 'ACILLEU$ 'EGENETO, 'APEIKASEIEN
'AN4 TI$ KAI BRASIDAN KAI 'ALLOU$, KAI "OIO$ 'AU
PERIKLH$, KAI NESTORA KAI 'ANTHNORA % 'EISI DE-KAI "ETEROI %
<P 221D>
KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ KATA 'TAUT' 'AN4 TI$ 'APEIKAZOI; "OIO$ DE "OUTOSI
GEGONE0 THN 'ATOPIAN "ANQRWPO$, KAI 'AUTO$ KAI "OI LOGOI 'AUTOU4,
'OUD' 'EGGU$ 'AN4 "EUROI TI$ ZHTWN, 'OUTE TWN NU*N 'OUTE TWN
PALAIWN, 'EI MH 'A=RA 'EI "OI$ 'EGW LEGW0 'APEIKAZOI TI$ 'AUTON,
'ANQRWPWN MEN MHDENI, TOI$ DE SILHNOI$ KAI SATUROI$, 'AUTON
KAI TOU$ LOGOU$.
KAI-GAR-'OUN-KAI TOUTO 'EN TOI$ PRWTOI$ PARELIPON, "OTI4
KAI "OI LOGOI 'AUTOU4 "OMOIOTATOI 'EISI TOI$ SILHNOI$ TOI$ DIOIGOMENOI$.
<P 221E>
'EI GAR 'EQELOI TI$ TWN SWKRATOU$ 'AKOUEIN LOGWN,
FANEIEN 'AN4 PANU GELOIOI TO PRWTON; TOIAUTA KAI 'ONOMATA
KAI "RHMATA 'EXWQEN PERIAMPECONTAI, SATUROU DH TINA "UBRISTOU
DORAN. 'ONOU$ GAR KANQHLIOU$ LEGEI0 KAI CALKEA$ TINA$
KAI SKUTOTOMOU$ KAI BURSODEYA$, KAI 'AEI DIA= TWN 'AUTWN TA
'AUTA FAINETAI LEGEIN, "WSTE 'APEIRO$ KAI 'ANOHTO$ 'ANQRWPO$


<P 222A>
PA$ 'AN4 TWN LOGWN KATAGELASEIEN. DIOIGOMENOU$ DE 'IDWN 'AN4
TI$ KAI 'ENTO$ 'AUTWN GIGNOMENO$ PRWTON MEN NOUN 'ECONTA$
'ENDON MONOU$ "EURHSEI2 TWN LOGWN, 'EPEITA QEIOTATOU$ KAI
PLEISTA 'AGALMAT' 'ARETH$ 'EN "AUTOI$ 'ECONTA$ KAI 'EPI PLEISTON
TEINONTA$, MALLON DE 'EPI PAN "OSON PROSHKEI0 SKOPEIN
TW*I MELLONTI KALWI 'KAGAQWI 'ESESQAI.
TAUT' 'ESTIN, 'W* 'ANDRE$, "A 'EGW SWKRATH 'EPAINW0; KAI 'AU
"A MEMFOMAI SUMMEIXA$ "UMIN 'EIPON "A ME "UBRISEN. KAI-MENTOI
<P 222B>
'OUK 'EME MONON TAUTA PEPOIHKEN0, 'ALLA=-KAI CARMIDHN
TON GLAUKWNO$ KAI 'EUQUDHMON TON DIOKLEOU$ KAI 'ALLOU$
PANU POLLOU$, "OU$ "OUTO$ 'EXAPATWN "W$ 'ERASTH$ PAIDIKA
MALLON 'AUTO$ KAQISTATAI 'ANT' 'ERASTOU. "A DH-KAI SOI4
LEGW0, 'W* 'AGA=QWN, MH 'EXAPATASQAI "UPO TOUTOU, 'ALL' 'APO
TWN "HMETERWN PAQHMATWN GNONTA 'EULABHQHNAI, KAI MH KATA
THN PAROIMIAN "WSPER NHPION PAQONTA GNWNAI0.
<P 222C>
'EIPONTO$ DH TAUTA TOU* 'ALKIBIADOU GELWTA GENESQAI
'EPI THI PARRHSIA\ 'AUTOU4, "OTI4 'EDOKEI 'ETI 'ERWTIKW$ 'ECEIN TOU*
SWKRATOU$. TON 'OUN SWKRATH, NHFEIN MOI DOKEI$, FANAI0,
'W* 'ALKIBIADH. 'OU-GAR 'AN4 POTE "OUTW KOMYW$ KUKLWI PERIBALLOMENO$
'AFANISAI0 'ENECEIREI$ "OU2 "ENEKA TAUTA PANTA
'EIRHKA$, KAI "W$ 'EN PARERGWI DH LEGWN 'EPI TELEUTH$ 'AUTO
'EQHKA$, "W$ 'OU PANTA TOUTOU "ENEKA 'EIRHKW$, TOU* 'EME KAI
<P 222D>
'AGAQWNA DIABALLEIN, 'OIOMENO$ DEIN 'EME MEN SOU4 'ERAN KAI
MHDENO$ 'ALLOU, 'AGAQWNA DE "UPO SOU4 'ERASQAI KAI-MHD' "UF'
"ENO$ 'ALLOU. 'ALL' 'OUK 'ELAQE$, 'ALLA= TO SATURIKON SOU4
DRAMA TOUTO KAI SILHNIKON KATADHLON 'EGENETO. 'ALL', 'W*
FILE 'AGA=QWN, MHDEN PLEON 'AUTWI GENHTAI, 'ALLA= PARASKEUAZOU
"OPW$ 'EME KAI SE MHDEI$ DIABALEI2.
TON 'OUN 'AGAQWNA 'EIPEIN, KAI-MHN, 'W* SWKRATE$, KINDUNEUEI$
<P 222E>
'ALHQH LEGEIN. TEKMAIROMAI DE-KAI "W$ KATEKLINH 'EN
MESWI 'EMOU4 TE-KAI SOU4, "INA CWRI$ "HMA$ DIALABHI6. 'OUDEN 'OUN
PLEON 'AUTWI 'ESTAI, 'ALL' 'EGW PARA SE 'ELQWN KATAKLINHSOMAI.
PANU GE, FANAI0 TON SWKRATH, DEURO "UPOKATW 'EMOU4
KATAKLINOU.
'W* ZEU, 'EIPEIN TON 'ALKIBIADHN, "OI*A 'AU PASCW0 "UPO TOU*
'ANQRWPOU. 'OIETAI MOU DEIN PANTACHI PERIEINAI. 'ALL' 'EI
MH TI 'ALLO, 'W* QAUMASIE, 'EN MESWI "HMWN 'EA2 'AGAQWNA
KATAKEISQAI.
'ALL' 'ADUNATON, FANAI0 TON SWKRATH. SU MEN-GAR 'EME
'EPHINESA$, DEI DE 'EME 'AU TON 'EPI DEXI' 'EPAINEIN. 'EA=N 'OUN
"UPO SOI4 KATAKLINHI 'AGA=QWN, 'OU-DHPOU 'EME PALIN 'EPAINESETAI,
PRIN "UP' 'EMOU4 MALLON 'EPAINEQHNAI: 'ALL' 'EASON2,


<P 223A>
'W* DAIMONIE, KAI MH FQONHSHI$ TW*I MEIRAKIWI "UP' 'EMOU4
'EPAINEQHNAI; KAI-GAR PANU 'EPIQUMW0 'AUTON 'EGKWMIASAI0.
'IOU 'IOU, FANAI0 TON 'AGAQWNA, 'ALKIBIADH, 'OUK 'ESQ' "OPW$
'AN4 'ENQADE MEINAIMI, 'ALLA= PANTO$ MALLON METANASTHSOMAI,
"INA "UPO SWKRATOU$ 'EPAINEQW.
TAUTA 'EKEINA, FANAI0 TON 'ALKIBIADHN, TA 'EIWQOTA;
SWKRATOU$ PARONTO$ TWN KALWN METALABEIN 'ADUNATON 'ALLWI.
KAI NU*N "W$ 'EUPORW$ KAI PIQANON LOGON "HUREN, "WSTE PAR'
"EAUTWI TOUTONI KATAKEISQAI.
<P 223B>
TON MEN-'OUN 'AGAQWNA "W$ KATAKEISOMENON PARA TW*I
SWKRATEI 'ANISTASQAI; 'EXAIFNH$ DE KWMASTA$ "HKEIN PAMPOLLOU$
'EPI TA$ QURA$, KAI 'EPITUCONTA$ 'ANEWIGMENAI$ 'EXIONTO$
TINO$ 'EI$ TO 'ANTIKRU$ POREUESQAI PARA SFA$ KAI KATAKLINESQAI,
KAI QORUBOU MESTA PANTA 'EINAI, KAI 'OUKETI 'EN
KOSMWI 'OUDENI 'ANAGKAZESQAI PINEIN PAMPOLUN 'OINON. TON
MEN-'OUN 'ERUXIMACON KAI TON FAIDRON KAI 'ALLOU$ TINA$ 'EFH
"O 'ARISTODHMO$ 'OICESQAI 'APIONTA$, "E DE "UPNON LABEIN,
<P 223C>
KAI KATADARQEIN PANU POLU, "ATE MAKRWN TWN NUKTWN 'OUSWN,
'EXEGRESQAI DE PRO$ "HMERAN 'HDH 'ALEKTRUONWN 'A\DONTWN0, 'EXEGROMENO$
DE 'IDEIN TOU$ MEN 'ALLOU$ KAQEUDONTA$ KAI 'OICOMENOU$,
'AGAQWNA DE-KAI 'ARISTOFANH KAI SWKRATH 'ETI
MONOU$ 'EGRHGORENAI KAI PINEIN 'EK FIALH$ MEGALH$ 'EPI DEXIA.
TON 'OUN SWKRATH 'AUTOI$ DIALEGESQAI; KAI TA MEN 'A=LLA "O
<P 223D>
'ARISTODHMO$ 'OUK 'EFH MEMNHSQAI TWN LOGWN % 'OUTE-GAR 'EX
'ARCH$ PARAGENESQAI "UPONUSTAZEIN TE % TO MENTOI KEFALAION,
'EFH, PROSANAGKAZEIN TON SWKRATH "OMOLOGEIN 'AUTOU$ TOU*
'AUTOU4 'ANDRO$ 'EINAI KWMWIDIAN KAI TRAGWIDIAN 'EPISTASQAI
POIEIN, KAI TON TECNHI TRAGWIDOPOION 'ONTA KAI7 KWMWIDOPOION
'EINAI. TAUTA DH 'ANAGKAZOMENOU$ 'AUTOU$ KAI 'OU SFO=DRA
"EPOMENOU$ NUSTAZEIN, KAI PROTERON MEN KATADARQEIN TON
'ARISTOFANH, 'HDH DE "HMERA$ GIGNOMENH$ TON 'AGAQWNA. TON
'OUN SWKRATH, KATAKOIMISANT' 'EKEINOU$, 'ANASTANTA 'APIENAI,
KAI "E7 "WSPER 'EIWQEI "EPESQAI, KAI 'ELQONTA 'EI$ LUKEION,
'APONIYAMENON, "WSPER 'ALLOTE THN 'ALLHN "HMERAN DIATRIBEIN,
KAI "OUTW DIATRIYANTA 'EI$ "ESPERAN 'OIKOI 'ANAPAUESQAI.


<B REP1>


<P 327A>
KATEBHN CQE$ 'EI$ PEIRAIA META GLAUKWNO$ TOU* 'ARISTWNO$
PROSEUXOMENO$ TE THI QEWI KAI "AMA THN "EORTHN BOULOMENO$
QEASASQAI TI=NA TROPON POIHSOUSIN2 "ATE NU*N PRWTON 'AGONTE$.
KALH MEN-'OUN MOI KAI "H TWN 'EPICWRIWN POMPH 'EDOXEN 'EINAI,
'OU-MENTOI "HTTON 'EFAINETO PREPEIN "HN "OI QRA*IKE$ 'EPEMPON.
<P 327B>
PROSEUXAMENOI DE-KAI QEWRHSANTE$ 'APHIMEN PRO$ TO 'ASTU.
KATIDWN 'OUN PORRWQEN "HMA$ 'OIKADE "WRMHMENOU$ POLEMARCO$
"O KEFALOU 'EKELEUSE DRAMONTA TON PAIDA PERIMEINAI0 "E
KELEUSAI0. KAI MOU 'OPISQEN "O PAI$ LABOMENO$ TOU* "IMATIOU,
KELEUEI0 "UMA$, 'EFH, POLEMARCO$ PERIMEINAI0. KAI 'EGW
METESTRAFHN TE-KAI 'HROMHN "OPOU 'AUTO$ 'EIH. "OUTO$, 'EFH,
'OPISQEN PROSERCETAI; 'ALLA= PERIMENETE3. 'ALLA= PERIMENOUMEN,
'H*-D'-"O$ "O GLAUKWN.
<P 327C>
KAI 'OLIGWI "USTERON "O TE POLEMARCO$ "HKE KAI 'ADEIMANTO$
"O TOU* GLAUKWNO$ 'ADELFO$ KAI NIKHRATO$ "O NIKIOU KAI
'ALLOI TINE$ "W$ 'APO TH$ POMPH$.
"O 'OUN POLEMARCO$ 'EFH; 'W* SWKRATE$, DOKEITE0 MOI PRO$
'ASTU "WRMHSQAI "W$ 'APIONTE$.
'OU-GAR KAKW$ DOXAZEI$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
"ORA*I$0 'OUN "HMA$, 'EFH, "OSOI 'ESMEN:
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
'H= TOINUN TOUTWN, 'EFH, KREITTOU$ GENESQE2 'H= MENET'3 'AUTOU2.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ETI "EN LEIPETAI, TO 'H=N PEISWMEN "UMA$
"W$ CRH "HMA$ 'AFEINAI0:
'H*-KAI DUNAISQ' 'AN4, 'H*-D'-"O$, PEISAI0 MH 'AKOUONTA$:
'OUDAMW$, 'EFH "O GLAUKWN.
"W$ TOINUN MH 'AKOUSOMENWN, "OUTW DIANOEISQE3.


<P 328A>
KAI "O 'ADEIMANTO$, 'A*RA-GE, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'OUD' 'ISTE0 "OTI4
LAMPA$ 'ESTAI PRO$ "ESPERAN 'AF' "IPPWN THI QEWI:
'AF' "IPPWN: 'H*N-D'-'EGW; KAINON GE TOUTO. LAMPADIA
'ECONTE$ DIADWSOUSIN2 'ALLHLOI$ "AMILLWMENOI TOI$ "IPPOI$: 'H=
PW*$ LEGEI$:
"OUTW$, 'EFH "O POLEMARCO$. KAI PRO$ GE PANNUCIDA
POIHSOUSIN2, "HN 'AXION QEASASQAI; 'EXANASTHSOMEQA GAR META
TO DEIPNON KAI THN PANNUCIDA QEASOMEQA. KAI SUNESOMEQA
TE POLLOI$ TWN NEWN 'AUTOQI KAI DIALEXOMEQA. 'ALLA= MENETE3
<P 328B>
KAI MH 'ALLW$ POIEITE3.
KAI "O GLAUKWN, 'EOIKEN0, 'EFH, MENETEON 'EINAI.
'ALL' 'EI DOKEI0, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OUTW CRH POIEIN.
'HIMEN 'OUN 'OIKADE 'EI$ TOU* POLEMARCOU, KAI LUSIAN TE
'AUTOQI KATELABOMEN KAI 'EUQUDHMON, TOU$ TOU* POLEMARCOU
'ADELFOU$, KAI-DH-KAI QRASUMACON TON KALCHDONION KAI
CARMANTIDHN TON PAIANIA KAI KLEITOFWNTA TON 'ARISTWNUMOU;
'H*N D' 'ENDON KAI "O PATHR "O TOU* POLEMARCOU KEFALO$.
KAI MALA PRESBUTH$ MOI 'EDOXEN 'EINAI; DIA= CRONOU GAR-KAI
<P 328C>
"EWRAKH 'AUTON. KAQHSTO DE 'ESTEFANWMENO$ 'EPI TINO$ PROSKEFALAIOU
TE-KAI DIFROU; TEQUKW$ GAR 'ETUGCANEN 'EN THI 'AULHI.
'EKAQEZOMEQA 'OUN PAR' 'AUTON; 'EKEINTO GAR DIFROI TINE$ 'AUTOQI
KUKLWI.
'EUQU$ 'OUN ME 'IDWN "O KEFALO$ 'HSPAZETO TE-KAI 'EI*PEN;
'W* SWKRATE$, 'OU-DE QAMIZEI$ "HMIN KATABAINWN 'EI$ TON
PEIRAIA. CRHN MENTOI. 'EI MEN-GAR 'EGW 'ETI 'EN DUNAMEI 'H*2
TOU* "RA\DIW$ POREUESQAI PRO$ TO 'ASTU, 'OUDEN 'AN4 SE 'EDEI DEURO
<P 328D>
'IENAI, 'ALL' "HMEI$ 'AN4 PARA SE 'HIMEN; NU*N DE SE CRH PUKNOTERON
DEURO 'IENAI. "W$ 'EU 'ISQI "OTI4 'EMOIGE "OSON "AI 'ALLAI "AI
KATA TO SWMA "HDONAI 'APOMARAINONTAI, TOSOUTON 'AUXONTAI "AI
PERI= TOU$ LOGOU$ 'EPIQUMIAI TE-KAI "HDONAI. MH-'OUN 'ALLW$
POIEI5, 'ALLA= TOISDE TE TOI$ NEANISKOI$ SUNISQI KAI DEURO PAR'
"HMA$ FOITA "W$ PARA FILOU$ TE-KAI PANU 'OIKEIOU$.
KAI-MHN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* KEFALE, CAIRW0 GE DIALEGOMENO$
<P 328E>
TOI$ SFODRA PRESBUTAI$; DOKEI0 GAR MOI CRHNAI0 PAR' 'AUTWN
PUNQANESQAI, "WSPER TINA "ODON PROELHLUQOTWN "HN KAI "HMA$
'ISW$ DEHSEI2 POREUESQAI, POI=A TI$ 'ESTIN, TRACEIA KAI CALEPH,
'H= "RA\DI=A KAI 'EUPORO$. KAI-DH-KAI SOU4 "HDEW$ 'AN4 PUQOIMHN
"OTI2 SOI4 FAINETAI TOUTO, 'EPEIDH 'ENTAUQA 'HDH 'EI* TH$ "HLIKIA$
"O= DH 'EPI9 GHRAO$9 'OUDWI9 FASIN0 'EINAI "OI POIHTAI, POTERON
CALEPON TOU* BIOU, 'H= PW*$ SU 'AUTO 'EXAGGELLEI$.


<P 329A>
'EGW SOI4, 'EFH, NH TON DI=A 'ERW2, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OION GE MOI
FAINETAI. POLLAKI$ GAR SUNERCOMEQA TINE$ 'EI$ 'TAUTON PARAPLHSIAN
"HLIKIAN 'ECONTE$, DIASWIZONTE$ THN PALAIAN PAROIMIAN;
"OI 'OUN PLEISTOI "HMWN 'OLOFURONTAI SUNIONTE$, TA$
'EN THI NEOTHTI "HDONA$ POQOUNTE$ KAI 'ANAMIMNHISKOMENOI PERI=
TE 'TAFRODISIA KAI PERI= POTOU$ TE-KAI 'EUWCIA$ KAI 'A=LL' 'ATTA
"A TWN TOIOUTWN 'ECETAI, KAI 'AGANAKTOUSIN0 "W$ MEGALWN TINWN
'APESTERHMENOI KAI TO=TE MEN 'EU ZWNTE$, NU*N DE-'OUDE ZWNTE$.
<P 329B>
'ENIOI DE-KAI TA$ TWN 'OIKEIWN PROPHLAKISEI$ TOU* GHRW$
'ODURONTAI, KAI 'EPI TOUTWI DH TO GHRA$ "UMNOUSIN0 "OSWN KAKWN
SFISIN 'AITION. 'EMOI4 DE DOKOUSIN0, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OUTOI 'OU TO
'AITION 'AITIASQAI. 'EI GAR 'H*N TOUT' 'AITION, 'KAN4 'EGW TA 'AUTA
TAUTA 'EPEPONQH, "ENEKA GE GHRW$, KAI "OI 'ALLOI PANTE$ "OSOI
'ENTAUQA 'HLQON "HLIKIA$. NU*N D' 'EGWGE 'HDH 'ENTETUCHKA 'OUC
"OUTW$ 'ECOUSIN4 KAI 'ALLOI$, KAI-DH-KAI SOFOKLEI POTE TW*I
POIHTHI PAREGENOMHN 'ERWTWMENWI "UPO TINO$; PW*$, 'EFH,
<P 329C>
'W* SOFOKLEI$, 'ECEI$ PRO$ 'TAFRODISIA: 'ETI "OIO$-TE-'EI*
GUNAIKI SUGGIGNESQAI: KAI "O$, 'EUFHMEI5, 'EFH, 'W*
'ANQRWPE; "ASMENESTATA MENTOI 'AUTO 'APEFUGON, "WSPER LUTTWNTA
TINA KAI 'AGRION DESPOTHN 'APODRA$. 'EU 'OUN MOI KAI
TO=TE 'EDOXEN 'EKEINO$ 'EIPEIN, KAI NU*N 'OUC "HTTON. PANTAPASI
GAR TWN GE TOIOUTWN 'EN TW*I GHRA\ POLLH 'EIRHNH GIGNETAI KAI
'ELEUQERIA; 'EPEIDAN "AI 'EPIQUMIAI PAUSWNTAI KATATEINOUSAI
KAI CALASWSIN, PANTAPASIN TO TOU* SOFOKLEOU$ GIGNETAI,
<P 329D>
DESPOTWN PANU POLLWN 'ESTI KAI MAINOMENWN 'APHLLACQAI.
'ALLA=-KAI TOUTWN PE=RI KAI TWN GE PRO$ TOU$ 'OIKEIOU$ MIA TI$
'AITIA 'ESTIN, 'OU TO GHRA$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALL' "O TROPO$ TWN
'ANQRWPWN. 'AN2 MEN-GAR KOSMIOI KAI 'EUKOLOI 'WSIN, KAI TO
GHRA$ METRIW$ 'ESTIN 'EPIPONON; 'EI DE MH, KAI GHRA$, 'W*
SWKRATE$, KAI NEOTH$ CALEPH TW*I TOIOUTWI SUMBAINEI0.
KAI 'EGW 'AGASQEI$ 'AUTOU4 'EIPONTO$ TAUTA, BOULOMENO$ 'ETI
<P 329E>
LEGEIN 'AUTON 'EKINOUN KAI 'EIPON; 'W* KEFALE, 'OIMAI SOU4 TOU$
POLLOU$, "OTAN TAUTA LEGHI$, 'OUK 'APODECESQAI 'ALL' "HGEISQAI
SE "RA\DIW$ TO GHRA$ FEREIN 'OU DIA= TON TROPON 'ALLA= DIA=
TO POLLHN 'OUSIAN KEKTHSQAI; TOI$ GAR PLOUSIOI$ POLLA
PARAMUQIA FASIN0 'EINAI.
'ALHQH, 'EFH, LEGEI$; 'OU-GAR 'APODECONTAI. KAI LEGOUSI0
MEN TI, 'OU-MENTOI-GE "OSON 'OIONTAI; 'ALLA= TO TOU* QEMISTOKLEOU$
'EU 'ECEI0, "O$ TW*I SERIFIWI LOIDOROUMENWI KAI LEGONTI


<P 330A>
"OTI4 'OU DI' "AUTON 'ALLA= DIA= THN POLIN 'EUDOKIMOI, 'APEKRINATO
"OTI4 'OUT' 'AN4 'AUTO$ SERIFIO$ 'WN 'ONOMASTO$ 'EGENETO 'OUT'
'EKEINO$ 'AQHNAIO$. KAI TOI$ DH MH PLOUSIOI$, CALEPW$ DE
TO GHRA$ FEROUSIN4, 'EU 'ECEI0 "O 'AUTO$ LOGO$, "OTI4 'OUT' 'AN4 "O
'EPIEIKH$ PANU TI "RA\DIW$ GHRA$ META PENIA$ 'ENEGKOI 'OUQ'
"O MH 'EPIEIKH$ PLOUTHSA$ 'EUKOLO$ POT' 'AN4 "EAUTWI GENOITO.
POTERON DE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* KEFALE, "WN KEKTHSAI TA PLEIW
PARELABE$ 'H= 'EPEKTHSW:
<P 330B>
POI*' 'EPEKTHSAMHN, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$: MESO$ TI$ GEGONA
CRHMATISTH$ TOU* TE PAPPOU KAI TOU* PATRO$. "O MEN-GAR
PAPPO$ TE-KAI "OMWNUMO$ 'EMOI4 SCEDON TI "OSHN 'EGW NU*N
'OUSIAN KEKTHMAI PARALABWN POLLAKI$ TOSAUTHN 'EPOIHSEN,
LUSANIA$ DE "O PATHR 'ETI 'ELATTW 'AUTHN 'EPOIHSE TH$ NU*N
'OUSH$; 'EGW DE 'AGAPW0 'EA=N MH 'ELATTW KATALIPW TOUTOISIN,
'ALLA= BRACEI GE TINI PLEIW 'H= PARELABON.
"OU TOI "ENEKA 'HROMHN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OTI4 MOI 'EDOXA$ 'OU SFODRA
<P 330C>
'AGAPAN TA CRHMATA, TOUTO DE POIOUSIN0 "W$ TO POLU "OI= 'AN4
MH 'AUTOI KTHSWNTAI; "OI DE KTHSAMENOI DIPLHI 'H= "OI 'ALLOI
'ASPAZONTAI 'AUTA. "WSPER GAR "OI POIHTAI TA "AUTWN POIHMATA
KAI "OI PATERE$ TOU$ PAIDA$ 'AGAPWSIN, TAUTHI TE-DH-KAI
"OI CRHMATISAMENOI PERI= TA CRHMATA SPOUDAZOUSIN0 "W$ 'ERGON
"EAUTWN, KAI KATA THN CREIAN "HIPER "OI 'ALLOI. CALEPOI 'OUN-KAI
SUGGENESQAI 'EISIN, 'OUDEN 'EQELONTE$ 'EPAINEIN 'ALL'-'H= TON
PLOUTON.
'ALHQH, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
<P 330D>
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. 'ALLA= MOI 'ETI TOSONDE 'EIPE=;
TI= MEGISTON 'OIEI 'AGAQON 'APOLELAUKENAI TOU* POLLHN 'OUSIAN
KEKTHSQAI:
"O=, 'H*-D'-"O$ 'ISW$ 'OUK 'AN4 POLLOU$ PEISAIMI LEGWN. 'EU
GAR 'ISQI, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OTI4, 'EPEIDAN TI$ 'EGGU$ 'HI TOU*
'OIESQAI TELEUTHSEIN, 'EISERCETAI 'AUTWI DEO$ KAI FRONTI$ PERI=
"WN 'EMPROSQEN 'OUK 'EISHIEI. "OI TE-GAR LEGOMENOI MUQOI PERI=
TWN 'EN "AIDOU, "W$ TON 'ENQADE 'ADIKHSANTA DEI 'EKEI DIDONAI
<P 330E>
DIKHN, KATAGELWMENOI TEW$, TO=TE DH STREFOUSIN0 'AUTOU4 THN
YUCHN MH 'ALHQEI$ 'WSIN; KAI 'AUTO$ % 'HTOI "UPO TH$ TOU* GHRW$
'ASQENEIA$ 'H=-KAI "WSPER 'HDH 'EGGUTERW 'WN TWN 'EKEI MALLON
TI KAQORA*I0 'AUTA % "UPOYIA$ D'-'OUN-KAI DEIMATO$ MESTO$ GIGNETAI
KAI 'ANALOGIZETAI 'HDH KAI SKOPEI0 'EI TINA TI 'HDIKHSEN.
"O MEN-'OUN "EURISKWN "EAUTOU 'EN TW*I BIWI POLLA 'ADIKHMATA KAI
'EK TWN "UPNWN, "WSPER "OI PAIDE$, QAMA 'EGEIROMENO$ DEIMAINEI0


<P 331A>
KAI ZHI0 META KAKH$ 'ELPIDO$; TW*I DE MHDEN "EAUTWI 'ADIKON
SUNEIDOTI "HDEIA 'ELPI$ 'AEI PARESTI KAI 'AGAQH GHROTROFO$9,
"W$ KAI PINDARO$ LEGEI0. CARIENTW$ GAR-TOI, 'W* SWKRATE$,
TOUT' 'EKEINO$ 'EI*PEN, "OTI4 "O$ 'AN4 DIKAIW$ KAI "OSIW$ TON BION
DIAGAGHI6,
GLUKEIA9 "OI92 KARDIAN9
'ATALLOISA9 GHROTROFO$1 SUNAOREI90
'ELPI$9 "A92 MALISTA9 QNATWN9 POLUSTROFON9
GNWMAN9 KUBERNA*I90.
'EU 'OUN LEGEI0 QAUMASTW$ "W$ SFO=DRA. PRO$ DH TOUT' 'EGWGE
TIQHMI THN TWN CRHMATWN KTHSIN PLEISTOU 'AXIAN 'EINAI, 'OU
<P 331B>
TI PANTI 'ANDRI 'ALLA= TW*I 'EPIEIKEI KAI KOSMIWI. TO GAR-MHDE
'AKONTA TINA 'EXAPATHSAI0 'H= YEUSASQAI, MHD' 'AU 'OFEILONTA 'H=
QEWI QUSIA$ TINA$ 'H= 'ANQRWPWI CRHMATA 'EPEITA 'EKEISE 'APIENAI
DEDIOTA, MEGA MERO$ 'EI$ TOUTO "H TWN CRHMATWN KTHSI$ SUMBALLETAI.
'ECEI0 DE-KAI 'ALLA$ CREIA$ POLLA$; 'ALLA= "EN GE
'ANQ' "ENO$ 'OUK 'ELACISTON 'EGWGE QEIHN 'AN4 'EI$ TOUTO 'ANDRI
NOUN 'ECONTI, 'W* SWKRATE$, PLOUTON CRHSIMWTATON 'EINAI.
<P 331C>
PAGKALW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, LEGEI$, 'W* KEFALE. TOUTO D' 'AUTO,
THN DIKAIOSUNHN, PO=TERA THN 'ALHQEIAN 'AUTO FHSOMEN 'EINAI
"APLW$ "OUTW$ KAI TO 'APODIDONAI 'AN2 TI$ TI PARA TOU LABHI6, 'H=
KAI 'AUTA TAUTA 'ESTIN20 'ENIOTE MEN DIKAIW$, 'ENIOTE DE 'ADIKW$
POIEIN: "OION TOIONDE LEGW0; PA$ 'AN4 POU 'EIPOI, 'EI TI$ LABOI
PARA FILOU 'ANDRO$ SWFRONOUNTO$ "OPLA, 'EI MANEI$ 'APAITOI,
"OTI4 'OUTE CRH TA TOIAUTA 'APODIDONAI, 'OUTE DIKAIO$ 'AN4 'EIH "O
'APODIDOU$, 'OUD' 'AU PRO$ TON "OUTW$ 'ECONTA PANTA 'EQELWN
'TALHQH LEGEIN.
<P 331D>
'ORQW$, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
'OUK-'A=RA "OUTO$ "ORO$ 'ESTIN DIKAIOSUNH$, 'ALHQH TE LEGEIN
KAI "A 'AN4 LABHI6 TI$ 'APODIDONAI.
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, "UPOLABWN "O POLEMARCO$,
'EIPER GE TI CRH SIMWNIDHI PEIQESQAI.
KAI-MENTOI, 'EFH "O KEFALO$, KAI PARADIDWMI "UMIN TON
LOGON; DEI GAR ME 'HDH TWN "IERWN 'EPIMELHQHNAI.
'OUKOU*N, 'EFH, 'EGW, "O POLEMARCO$, TWN GE SWN KLHRONOMO$:
PANU GE, 'H*-D'-"O$ GELASA$, KAI "AMA 'HIEI PRO$ TA "IERA.
<P 331E>
LEGE DH, 'EIPON 'EGW, SU "O TOU* LOGOU KLHRONOMO$, TI= FH=I$
TON SIMWNIDHN LEGONTA 'ORQW$ LEGEIN PERI= DIKAIOSUNH$:
"OTI4, 'H*-D'-"O$, TO TA 'OFEILOMENA "EKASTWI 'APODIDONAI
DIKAION 'ESTI; TOUTO LEGWN DOKEI0 'EMOIGE KALW$ LEGEIN.
'ALLA=-MENTOI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, SIMWNIDHI GE 'OU "RA\DION 'APISTEIN %
SOFO$ GAR-KAI QEIO$ 'ANHR % TOUTO MENTOI "OTI2 POTE
LEGEI0, SU MEN, 'W* POLEMARCE, 'ISW$ GIGNWSKEI$, 'EGW DE
'AGNOW0; DHLON GAR "OTI4 'OU TOUTO LEGEI0, "OPER 'ARTI 'ELEGOMEN,
TO TINO$ PARAKATAQEMENOU TI "OTWIOUN MH SWFRONW$ 'APAITOUNTI


<P 332A>
'APODIDONAI. KAITOI-GE 'OFEILOMENON POU 'ESTIN TOUTO "O=
PARAKATEQETO; 'H*-GAR:
NAI.
'APODOTEON DE-GE-'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN TO=TE "OPOTE TI$ MH
SWFRONW$ 'APAITOI:
'ALHQH, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'ALLO DH TI 'H= TO TOIOUTON, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, LEGEI0 SIMWNIDH$ TO
TA 'OFEILOMENA DIKAION 'EINAI 'APODIDONAI.
'ALLO MENTOI NH DI=', 'EFH; TOI$ GAR FILOI$ 'OIETAI
'OFEILEIN TOU$ FILOU$ 'AGAQON MEN TI DRAN, KAKON DE MHDEN.
MANQANW0, 'H*N-D'-'EGW % "OTI4 'OU TA 'OFEILOMENA 'APODIDWSIN
"O$ 'AN4 TWI CRUSION 'APODWI0 PARAKATAQEMENWI, 'EANPER "H 'APODOSI$
<P 332B>
KAI "H LHYI$ BLABERA GIGNHTAI, FILOI DE 'WSIN "O TE
'APOLAMBANWN KAI "O 'APODIDOU$ % 'OUC "OUTW LEGEIN FH=I$ TON
SIMWNIDHN:
PANU MEN-'OUN.
TI= DE: TOI$ 'ECQROI$ 'APODOTEON "OTI2 'AN4 TUCHI6 'OFEILOMENON:
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN, 'EFH, "O= GE 'OFEILETAI 'AUTOI$, 'OFEILETAI
DE-GE 'OIMAI PARA GE TOU* 'ECQROU TW*I 'ECQRWI "OPER KAI
PROSHKEI0, KAKON TI.
'HINIXATO 'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "O SIMWNIDH$ POIHTIKW$
<P 332C>
TO DIKAION "O= 'EIH. DIENOEITO MEN-GAR, "W$ FAINETAI,
"OTI4 TOUT' 'EIH DIKAION, TO PROSHKON "EKASTWI 'APODIDONAI, TOUTO
DE 'WNOMASEN 'OFEILOMENON.
'ALLA= TI= 'OIEI: 'EFH.
'W* PRO$ DIO$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EI 'OUN TI$ 'AUTON 'HRETO; 'W*
SIMWNIDH, "H TI=SIN 'OUN TI= 'APODIDOUSA 'OFEILOMENON KAI
PROSHKON TECNH 'IATRIKH KALEITAI0: TI= 'AN4 'OIEI "HMIN 'AUTON
'APOKRINASQAI:
DHLON "OTI4, 'EFH, "H SWMASIN FARMAKA TE-KAI SITIA KAI
POTA.
"H DE TI=SIN TI= 'APODIDOUSA 'OFEILOMENON KAI PROSHKON
TECNH MAGEIRIKH KALEITAI0:
<P 332D>
"H TOI$ 'OYOI$ TA "HDUSMATA.
'EIEN; "H 'OUN-DH TI=SIN TI= 'APODIDOUSA TECNH DIKAIOSUNH 'AN4
KALOITO:
'EI MEN TI, 'EFH, DEI 'AKOLOUQEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$, TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN
'EIRHMENOI$, "H TOI$ FILOI$ TE-KAI 'ECQROI$ 'WFELIA$
TE-KAI BLABA$ 'APODIDOUSA.
TO TOU$ FILOU$ 'A=RA 'EU POIEIN KAI TOU$ 'ECQROU$ KAKW$
DIKAIOSUNHN LEGEI0:
DOKEI0 MOI.
TI=$ 'OUN DUNATWTATO$ KAMNONTA$ FILOU$ 'EU POIEIN KAI
'ECQROU$ KAKW$ PRO$ NOSON KAI "UGIEIAN:
'IATRO$.
<P 332E>
TI=$ DE PLEONTA$ PRO$ TON TH$ QALATTH$ KINDUNON:
KUBERNHTH$.
TI= DE "O DIKAIO$: 'EN TI=NI PRAXEI KAI PRO$ TI= 'ERGON
DUNATWTATO$ FILOU$ 'WFELEIN KAI 'ECQROU$ BLAPTEIN:
'EN TW*I PROSPOLEMEIN KAI 'EN TW*I SUMMACEIN, 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
'EIEN; MH KAMNOUSI4 GE-MHN, 'W* FILE POLEMARCE, 'IATRO$
'ACRHSTO$.
'ALHQH.
KAI MH PLEOUSI4 DH KUBERNHTH$.
NAI.
'A*RA-KAI TOI$ MH POLEMOUSIN4 "O DIKAIO$ 'ACRHSTO$:
'OU PANU MOI DOKEI0 TOUTO.
CRHSIMON 'A=RA-KAI 'EN 'EIRHNHI DIKAIOSUNH:


<P 333A>
CRHSIMON.
KAI-GAR GEWRGIA; 'H= 'OU=:
NAI.
PRO$ GE KARPOU KTHSIN:
NAI.
KAI-MHN-KAI SKUTOTOMIKH:
NAI.
PRO$ GE "UPODHMATWN 'AN4 'OIMAI FAIH$ KTHSIN:
PANU GE.
TI= DE-DH: THN DIKAIOSUNHN PRO$ TI=NO$ CREIAN 'H= KTHSIN
'EN 'EIRHNHI FAIH$ 'AN4 CRHSIMON 'EINAI:
PRO$ TA SUMBOLAIA, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SUMBOLAIA DE LEGEI$ KOINWNHMATA 'H= TI 'ALLO:
KOINWNHMATA DHTA.
<P 333B>
'A*R'-'OUN "O DIKAIO$ 'AGAQO$ KAI CRHSIMO$ KOINWNO$ 'EI$
PETTWN QESIN, 'H= "O PETTEUTIKO$:
"O PETTEUTIKO$.
'ALL' 'EI$ PLINQWN KAI LIQWN QESIN "O DIKAIO$ CRHSIMWTERO$
TE-KAI 'AMEINWN KOINWNO$ TOU* 'OIKODOMIKOU:
'OUDAMW$.
'ALL' 'EI$ TI=NA DH KOINWNIAN "O DIKAIO$ 'AMEINWN KOINWNO$
TOU* 'OIKODOMIKOU TE-KAI KIQARISTIKOU, "WSPER "O KIQARISTIKO$
TOU* DIKAIOU 'EI$ KROUMATWN:
'EI$ 'ARGURIOU, 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
PLHN G' 'ISW$, 'W* POLEMARCE, PRO$ TO CRHSQAI 'ARGURIWI,
"OTAN DEHI5 'ARGURIOU KOINHI PRIASQAI 'H= 'APODOSQAI "IPPON; TO=TE
<P 333C>
DE, "W$ 'EGW 'OIMAI, "O "IPPIKO$. 'H*-GAR:
FAINETAI.
KAI-MHN "OTAN GE PLOION, "O NAUPHGO$ 'H= "O KUBERNHTH$:
'EOIKEN0.
"OTAN 'OUN TI= DEHI5 'ARGURIWI 'H= CRUSIWI KOINHI CRHSQAI, "O
DIKAIO$ CRHSIMWTERO$ TWN 'ALLWN:
"OTAN PARAKATAQESQAI KAI SWN 'EINAI, 'W* SWKRATE$.
'OUKOU*N LEGEI$ "OTAN MHDEN DEHI5 'AUTWI CRHSQAI 'ALLA=
KEISQAI:
PANU GE.
"OTAN 'A=RA 'ACRHSTON 'HI 'ARGURION, TO=TE CRHSIMO$ 'EP' 'AUTWI
<P 333D>
"H DIKAIOSUNH:
KINDUNEUEI0.
KAI "OTAN DH DREPANON DEHI5 FULATTEIN, "H DIKAIOSUNH CRHSIMO$
KAI KOINHI KAI 'IDIA\; "OTAN DE CRHSQAI, "H 'AMPELOURGIKH:
FAINETAI.
FHSEI$ DE-KAI 'ASPIDA KAI LURAN "OTAN DEHI5 FULATTEIN KAI
MHDEN CRHSQAI, CRHSIMON 'EINAI THN DIKAIOSUNHN, "OTAN DE
CRHSQAI, THN "OPLITIKHN KAI THN MOUSIKHN:
'ANAGKH.
KAI PERI= 'TALLA DH PANTA "H DIKAIOSUNH "EKASTOU 'EN MEN
CRHSEI 'ACRHSTO$, 'EN DE 'ACRHSTIA\ CRHSIMO$:
KINDUNEUEI0.
<P 333E>
'OUK 'AN4 'OUN, 'W* FILE, PANU GE TI SPOUDAION 'EIH "H
DIKAIOSUNH, 'EI PRO$ TA 'ACRHSTA CRHSIMON 'ON TUGCANEI0.
TODE DE SKEYWMEQA. 'A*R' 'OUC "O PATAXAI0 DEINOTATO$ 'EN MACHI
'EITE PUKTIKHI 'EITE TINI KAI 'ALLHI, "OUTO$ KAI FULAXASQAI:
PANU GE.
'A*R'-'OUN-KAI NOSON "OSTI$ DEINO$ FULAXASQAI, KAI LAQEIN
"OUTO$ DEINOTATO$ 'EMPOIHSA$:
'EMOIGE DOKEI0.


<P 334A>
'ALLA=-MHN STRATOPEDOU GE "O 'AUTO$ FULAX 'AGAQO$, "OSPER
KAI TA TWN POLEMIWN KLEYAI0 KAI BOULEUMATA KAI TA$ 'ALLA$
PRAXEI$:
PANU GE.
"OTOU TI$ 'A=RA DEINO$ FULAX, TOUTOU KAI FWR DEINO$.
'EOIKEN0.
'EI 'A=RA "O DIKAIO$ 'ARGURION DEINO$ FULATTEIN, KAI KLEPTEIN
DEINO$.
"W$ 'OUN "O LOGO$, 'EFH, SHMAINEI0.
KLEPTH$ 'A=RA TI$ "O DIKAIO$, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'ANAPEFANTAI, KAI
KINDUNEUEI$ PAR' "OMHROU MEMAQHKENAI 'AUTO; KAI-GAR 'EKEINO$
<P 334B>
TON TOU* 'ODUSSEW$ PRO$ MHTRO$ PAPPON 'AUTOLUKON 'AGAPA*I0
TE-KAI FHSIN 'AUTON PANTA$ 'ANQRWPOU$9 KEKASQAI9 KLEPTOSUNHI9
Q'9 "ORKWI9 TE9. 'EOIKEN0 'OUN "H DIKAIOSUNH KAI KATA
SE KAI KAQ' "OMHRON KAI KATA SIMWNIDHN KLEPTIKH TI$ 'EINAI,
'EP' 'WFELIA\ MENTOI TWN FILWN KAI 'EPI BLABHI TWN 'ECQRWN.
'OUC "OUTW$ 'ELEGE$:
'OU MA TON DI=', 'EFH, 'ALL' 'OUKETI 'OIDA 'EGWGE "OTI2 'ELEGON;
TOUTO MENTOI 'EMOIGE DOKEI0 'ETI, 'WFELEIN MEN TOU$ FILOU$ "H
DIKAIOSUNH, BLAPTEIN DE TOU$ 'ECQROU$.
<P 334C>
FILOU$ DE LEGEI$ 'EINAI POTERON TOU$ DOKOUNTA$ "EKASTWI
CRHSTOU$ 'EINAI, 'H= TOU$ 'ONTA$, 'KAN2 MH DOKWSI, KAI 'ECQROU$
"WSAUTW$:
'EIKO$ MEN, 'EFH, "OU$ 'AN4 TI$ "HGHTAI CRHSTOU$ FILEIN, "OU$
D' 'AN4 PONHROU$ MISEIN.
'A*R'-'OUN 'OUC "AMARTANOUSIN0 "OI 'ANQRWPOI PERI= TOUTO, "WSTE
DOKEIN 'AUTOI$ POLLOU$ MEN CRHSTOU$ 'EINAI MH 'ONTA$, POLLOU$
DE 'TOUNANTION:
"AMARTANOUSIN0.
TOUTOI$ 'A=RA "OI MEN 'AGAQOI 'ECQROI, "OI DE KAKOI FILOI:
PANU GE.
'ALL' "OMW$ DIKAION TO=TE TOUTOI$ TOU$ MEN PONHROU$
<P 334D>
'WFELEIN, TOU$ DE 'AGAQOU$ BLAPTEIN:
FAINETAI.
'ALLA=-MHN "OI GE 'AGAQOI DIKAIOI TE-KAI "OIOI MH 'ADIKEIN:
'ALHQH.
KATA DH TON SON LOGON TOU$ MHDEN 'ADIKOUNTA$ DIKAION
KAKW$ POIEIN.
MHDAMW$, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$; PONHRO$ GAR 'EOIKEN0 'EINAI
"O LOGO$.
TOU$ 'ADIKOU$ 'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DIKAION BLAPTEIN, TOU$ DE
DIKAIOU$ 'WFELEIN:
"OUTO$ 'EKEINOU KALLIWN FAINETAI.
POLLOI$ 'A=RA, 'W* POLEMARCE, SUMBHSETAI, "OSOI DIHMARTHKASIN
<P 334E>
TWN 'ANQRWPWN, DIKAION 'EINAI TOU$ MEN FILOU$ BLAPTEIN %
PONHROI GAR 'AUTOI$ 'EISIN % TOU$ D' 'ECQROU$ 'WFELEIN %
'AGAQOI GAR; KAI "OUTW$ 'EROUMEN2 'AUTO 'TOUNANTION 'H= TON
SIMWNIDHN 'EFAMEN LEGEIN.
KAI MALA, 'EFH, "OUTW SUMBAINEI0. 'ALLA= METAQWMEQA;
KINDUNEUOMEN GAR 'OUK 'ORQW$ TON FILON KAI 'ECQRON QESQAI.
PW*$ QEMENOI, 'W* POLEMARCE:
TON DOKOUNTA CRHSTON, TOUTON FILON 'EINAI.
NU*N DE PW*$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, METAQWMEQA:
TON DOKOUNTA TE, 'H*-D'-"O$, KAI TON 'ONTA CRHSTON FILON;


<P 335A>
TON DE DOKOUNTA MEN, 'ONTA DE MH, DOKEIN 'ALLA= MH 'EINAI
FILON. KAI PERI= TOU* 'ECQROU DE "H 'AUTH QESI$.
FILO$ MEN-DH, "W$ 'EOIKE0, TOUTWI TW*I LOGWI "O 'AGAQO$ 'ESTAI,
'ECQRO$ DE "O PONHRO$.
NAI.
KELEUEI$ DH "HMA$ PROSQEINAI0 TW*I DIKAIWI 'H= "W$ TO PRWTON
'ELEGOMEN, LEGONTE$ DIKAION 'EINAI TON MEN FILON 'EU POIEIN,
TON D' 'ECQRON KAKW$; NU*N PRO$ TOUTWI "WDE LEGEIN, "OTI4 'ESTIN
DIKAION TON MEN FILON 'AGAQON 'ONTA 'EU POIEIN, TON D' 'ECQRON
KAKON 'ONTA BLAPTEIN:
<P 335B>
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH, "OUTW$ 'AN4 MOI DOKEI0 KALW$ LEGESQAI.
'ESTIN 'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DIKAIOU 'ANDRO$ BLAPTEIN KAI
"ONTINOUN 'ANQRWPWN:
KAI PANU GE, 'EFH; TOU$ GE PONHROU$ TE-KAI 'ECQROU$ DEI
BLAPTEIN.
BLAPTOMENOI D' "IPPOI BELTIOU$ 'H= CEIROU$ GIGNONTAI:
CEIROU$.
'A*RA 'EI$ THN TWN KUNWN 'ARETHN, 'H= 'EI$ THN TWN "IPPWN:
'EI$ THN TWN "IPPWN.
'A*R'-'OUN-KAI KUNE$ BLAPTOMENOI CEIROU$ GIGNONTAI 'EI$
THN TWN KUNWN 'ALL' 'OUK 'EI$ THN TWN "IPPWN 'ARETHN:
'ANAGKH.
<P 335C>
'ANQRWPOU$ DE, 'W* "ETAIRE, MH "OUTW FWMEN, BLAPTOMENOU$
'EI$ THN 'ANQRWPEIAN 'ARETHN CEIROU$ GIGNESQAI:
PANU MEN-'OUN.
'ALL' "H DIKAIOSUNH 'OUK 'ANQRWPEI=A 'ARETH:
KAI TOUT' 'ANAGKH.
KAI TOU$ BLAPTOMENOU$ 'A=RA, 'W* FILE, TWN 'ANQRWPWN
'ANAGKH 'ADIKWTEROU$ GIGNESQAI.
'EOIKEN0.
'A*R'-'OUN THI MOUSIKHI "OI MOUSIKOI 'AMOUSOU$ DUNANTAI
POIEIN:
'ADUNATON.
'ALLA= THI "IPPIKHI "OI "IPPIKOI 'AFIPPOU$:
'OUK 'ESTIN2.
'ALLA= THI DIKAIOSUNHI DH "OI DIKAIOI 'ADIKOU$: 'H=-KAI
<P 335D>
SULLHBDHN 'ARETHI "OI 'AGAQOI KAKOU$:
'ALLA= 'ADUNATON.
'OU-GAR QERMOTHTO$ 'OIMAI 'ERGON YUCEIN 'ALLA= TOU* 'ENANTIOU.
NAI.
'OUDE XHROTHTO$ "UGRAINEIN 'ALLA= TOU* 'ENANTIOU.
PANU GE.
'OUDE-DH TOU* 'AGAQOU BLAPTEIN 'ALLA= TOU* 'ENANTIOU.
FAINETAI.
"O DE-GE DIKAIO$ 'AGAQO$:
PANU GE.
'OUK-'A=RA TOU* DIKAIOU BLAPTEIN 'ERGON, 'W* POLEMARCE, 'OUTE
FILON 'OUT' 'ALLON 'OUDENA, 'ALLA= TOU* 'ENANTIOU, TOU* 'ADIKOU.
PANTAPASI MOI DOKEI$ 'ALHQH LEGEIN, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$.
<P 335E>
'EI 'A=RA TA 'OFEILOMENA "EKASTWI 'APODIDONAI FHSIN TI$ DIKAION
'EINAI, TOUTO DE-DH NOEI0 'AUTWI TOI$ MEN 'ECQROI$ BLABHN
'OFEILESQAI PARA TOU* DIKAIOU 'ANDRO$, TOI$ DE FILOI$ 'WFELIAN,
'OUK 'H*N SOFO$ "O TAUTA 'EIPWN. 'OU-GAR 'ALHQH 'ELEGEN;
'OUDAMOU GAR DIKAION 'OUDENA "HMIN 'EFANH 'ON BLAPTEIN.
SUGCWRW0, 'H*-D'-"O$.
MACOUMEQA 'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KOINHI 'EGW TE-KAI SU, 'EA=N TI$
'AUTO FHI 'H= SIMWNIDHN 'H= BIANTA 'H= PITTAKON 'EIRHKENAI 'H= TIN'
'ALLON TWN SOFWN TE-KAI MAKARIWN 'ANDRWN.
'EGW GOUN, 'EFH, "ETOIMO$ 'EIMI KOINWNEIN TH$ MACH$.


<P 336A>
'ALL' 'OISQA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OU MOI DOKEI0 'EINAI TO "RHMA, TO
FANAI0 DIKAION 'EINAI TOU$ MEN FILOU$ 'WFELEIN, TOU$ D'
'ECQROU$ BLAPTEIN:
TI=NO$: 'EFH.
'OIMAI 'AUTO PERIANDROU 'EINAI 'H= PERDIKKOU 'H= XERXOU 'H=
'ISMHNIOU TOU* QHBAIOU 'H= TINO$ 'ALLOU MEGA 'OIOMENOU DUNASQAI
PLOUSIOU 'ANDRO$.
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
'EIEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; 'EPEIDH DE-'OUDE TOUTO 'EFANH "H DIKAIOSUNH
'ON 'OUDE TO DIKAION, TI= 'AN4 'ALLO TI$ 'AUTO FAIH 'EINAI:
<P 336B>
KAI "O QRASUMACO$ POLLAKI$ MEN-KAI DIALEGOMENWN "HMWN
METAXU "WRMA 'ANTILAMBANESQAI TOU* LOGOU, 'EPEITA "UPO
TWN PARAKAQHMENWN DIEKWLUETO BOULOMENWN DIAKOUSAI0 TON
LOGON; "W$ DE DIEPAUSAMEQA KAI 'EGW TAUT' 'EIPON, 'OUKETI
"HSUCIAN 'HGEN, 'ALLA= SUSTREYA$ "EAUTON "WSPER QHRION "HKEN
'EF' "HMA$ "W$ DIARPASOMENO$.
KAI 'EGW TE-KAI "O POLEMARCO$ DEISANTE$ DIEPTOHQHMEN;
"O D' 'EI$ TO MESON FQEGXAMENO$, TI=$ 'EFH, "UMA$ PALAI FLUARIA
<P 336C>
'ECEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$: KAI TI= 'EUHQIZESQE0 PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ "UPOKATAKLINOMENOI
"UMIN-'AUTOI$: 'ALL' 'EIPER "W$ 'ALHQW$ BOULEI
'EIDENAI TO DIKAION "OTI2 'ESTI, MH MONON 'ERWTA MHDE FILOTIMOU
'ELEGCWN 'EPEIDAN TI$ TI 'APOKRINHTAI, 'EGNWKW$ TOUTO, "OTI4
"RA*ION 'ERWTAN 'H= 'APOKRINESQAI, 'ALLA=-KAI 'AUTO$ 'APOKRINAI2 KAI
'EIPE= TI= FH=I$ 'EINAI TO DIKAION. KAI "OPW$ MOI MH 'EREI$2 "OTI4 TO
<P 336D>
DEON 'ESTIN MHD' "OTI4 TO 'WFELIMON MHD' "OTI4 TO LUSITELOUN MHD'
"OTI4 TO KERDALEON MHD' "OTI4 TO SUMFERON, 'ALLA= SAFW$ MOI
KAI 'AKRIBW$ LEGE "OTI2 'AN4 LEGHI$; "W$ 'EGW 'OUK 'APODEXOMAI
'EA=N "UQLOU$ TOIOUTOU$ LEGHI$.
KAI 'EGW 'AKOUSA$ 'EXEPLAGHN KAI PROSBLEPWN 'AUTON
'EFOBOUMHN, KAI MOI DOKW0, 'EI MH PROTERO$ "EWRAKH 'AUTON 'H=
'EKEINO$ 'EME, 'AFWNO$ 'AN4 GENESQAI. NU*N DE "HNIKA "UPO TOU*
LOGOU 'HRCETO 'EXAGRIAINESQAI, PROSEBLEYA 'AUTON PROTERO$,
<P 336E>
"WSTE 'AUTWI "OIO$-T'-'EGENOMHN 'APOKRINASQAI, KAI 'EIPON "UPOTREMWN;
'W* QRASUMACE, MH CALEPO$ "HMIN 'ISQI; 'EI GAR TI
'EXAMARTANOMEN 'EN THI TWN LOGWN SKEYEI 'EGW TE-KAI "ODE, 'EU
'ISQI "OTI4 'AKONTE$ "AMARTANOMEN. MH-GAR-DH 'OIOU, 'EI MEN
CRUSION 'EZHTOUMEN, 'OUK 'AN4 POTE "HMA$ "EKONTA$ 'EINAI "UPOKATAKLINESQAI
'ALLHLOI$ 'EN THI ZHTHSEI KAI DIAFQEIREIN THN
"EURESIN 'AUTOU4, DIKAIOSUNHN DE ZHTOUNTA$, PRAGMA POLLWN
CRUSIWN TIMIWTERON, 'EPEIQ' "OUTW$ 'ANOHTW$ "UPEIKEIN 'ALLHLOI$
KAI 'OU SPOUDAZEIN "OTI2 MALISTA FANHNAI 'AUTO. 'OIOU GE SU,
'W* FILE. 'ALL' 'OIMAI 'OU DUNAMEQA; 'ELEEISQAI 'OUN "HMA$ POLU


<P 337A>
MALLON 'EIKO$ 'ESTIN POU "UPO "UMWN TWN DEINWN 'H=
CALEPAINESQAI.
KAI "O$ 'AKOUSA$ 'ANEKAGCASE TE MALA SARDANION KAI 'EI*PEN;
'W* "HRAKLEI$, 'EFH, "AU=TH 'KEINH "H 'EIWQUIA 'EIRWNEIA SWKRATOU$,
KAI TAUT' 'EGW 'HIDH TE-KAI TOUTOI$ PROULEGON, "OTI4 SU
'APOKRINASQAI MEN 'OUK 'EQELHSOI$, 'EIRWNEUSOIO DE-KAI PANTA
MALLON POIHSOI$ 'H= 'APOKRINOIO, 'EI TI$ TI SE 'ERWTA*I0.
SOFO$ GAR 'EI*, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* QRASUMACE; 'EU 'OUN 'HIDHSQA
"OTI4 'EI TINA 'EROIO "OPOSA 'ESTIN TA DWDEKA, KAI 'EROMENO$ PROEIPOI$
<P 337B>
'AUTWI % "OPW$ MOI, 'W* 'ANQRWPE, MH 'EREI$2 "OTI4 'ESTIN TA
DWDEKA DI$ "EX MHD' "OTI4 TRI$ TETTARA MHD' "OTI4 "EXAKI$ DUO
MHD' "OTI4 TETRAKI$ TRIA; "W$ 'OUK 'APODEXOMAI SOU4 'EA=N TOIAUTA
FLUARHI$ % DHLON 'OIMAI SOI4 'H*N "OTI4 'OUDEI$ 'APOKRINOITO TW*I
"OUTW$ PUNQANOMENWI. 'ALL' 'EI SOI4 'EI*PEN; 'W* QRASUMACE,
PW*$ LEGEI$: MH 'APOKRINWMAI "WN PROEIPE$ MHDEN: POTERON, 'W*
QAUMASIE, MHD' 'EI TOUTWN TI TUGCANEI0 'ON, 'ALL' "ETERON 'EIPW TI
<P 337C>
TOU* 'ALHQOU$: 'H= PW*$ LEGEI$: TI= 'AN4 'AUTWI 'EIPE$ PRO$ TAUTA:
'EIEN, 'EFH; "W$ DH "OMOION TOUTO 'EKEINWI.
'OUDEN GE KWLUEI0, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; 'EI D'-'OUN-KAI MH 'ESTIN
"OMOION, FAINETAI DE TW*I 'ERWTHQENTI TOIOUTON, "HTTON TI 'AUTON
'OIEI 'APOKRINEISQAI TO FAINOMENON "EAUTWI, 'EANTE "HMEI$
'APAGOREUWMEN 'EANTE MH:
'ALLO TI 'OUN, 'EFH, KAI SU "OUTW POIHSEI$; "WN 'EGW
'APEIPON, TOUTWN TI 'APOKRINHI2:
'OUK 'AN4 QAUMASAIMI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; 'EI MOI SKEYAMENWI "OUTW
DOXEIEN.
<P 337D>
TI= 'OUN, 'EFH, 'AN2 'EGW DEIXW4 "ETERAN 'APOKRISIN PARA PASA$
TAUTA$ PERI= DIKAIOSUNH$, BELTIW TOUTWN: TI= 'AXIOI$0 PAQEIN:
TI= 'ALLO, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'H= "OPER PROSHKEI0 PASCEIN TW*I MH
'EIDOTI: PROSHKEI0 DE-POU MAQEIN PARA TOU* 'EIDOTO$; KAI 'EGW
'OUN TOUTO 'AXIW0 PAQEIN.
"HDU$ GAR 'EI*, 'EFH; 'ALLA= PRO$ TW*I MAQEIN KAI 'APOTEISON2
'ARGURION.
'OUKOU*N 'EPEIDAN MOI GENHTAI, 'EIPON.
'ALL' 'ESTIN, 'EFH "O GLAUKWN. 'ALL' "ENEKA 'ARGURIOU, 'W*
QRASUMACE, LEGE; PANTE$ GAR "HMEI$ SWKRATEI 'EISOISOMEN.
<P 337E>
PANU GE 'OIMAI, 'H*-D'-"O$; "INA SWKRATH$ TO 'EIWQO$ DIAPRAXHTAI;
'AUTO$ MEN MH 'APOKRINHTAI, 'ALLOU D' 'APOKRINOMENOU
LAMBANHI5 LOGON KAI 'ELEGCHI5.
PW*$ GAR 'AN4, 'EFHN 'EGW, 'W* BELTISTE, TI$ 'APOKRINAITO
PRWTON MEN MH 'EIDW$ MHDE FASKWN 'EIDENAI, 'EPEITA, 'EI TI
KAI 'OIETAI, PERI= TOUTWN 'APEIRHMENON 'AUTWI 'EIH "OPW$ MHDEN
'EREI2 "WN "HGEITAI "UP' 'ANDRO$ 'OU FAULOU: 'ALLA= SE DH MALLON


<P 338A>
'EIKO$ LEGEIN; SU GAR-DH FH=I$ 'EIDENAI KAI 'ECEIN 'EIPEIN. MH-'OUN
'ALLW$ POIEI5, 'ALLA= 'EMOI4 TE CARIZOU 'APOKRINOMENO$ KAI
MH FQONHSHI$ KAI GLAUKWNA TONDE DIDAXAI0 KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$.
'EIPONTO$ DE MOU TAUTA, "O TE GLAUKWN KAI "OI 'ALLOI
'EDEONTO 'AUTOU4 MH 'ALLW$ POIEIN. KAI "O QRASUMACO$ FANERO$
MEN 'H*N 'EPIQUMWN 'EIPEIN "IN' 'EUDOKIMHSEIEN, "HGOUMENO$ 'ECEIN
'APOKRISIN PAGKALHN; PROSEPOIEITO DE FILONIKEIN PRO$ TO
'EME 'EINAI TON 'APOKRINOMENON. TELEUTWN DE SUNECWRHSEN,
<P 338B>
'KAPEITA, "AU=TH DH, 'EFH, "H SWKRATOU$ SOFIA; 'AUTON MEN MH
'EQELEIN DIDASKEIN, PARA DE TWN 'ALLWN PERIIONTA MANQANEIN
KAI TOUTWN MHDE CARIN 'APODIDONAI.
"OTI4 MEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, MANQANW0 PARA TWN 'ALLWN, 'ALHQH
'EIPE$, 'W* QRASUMACE, "OTI4 DE 'OU ME FH=I$ CARIN 'EKTINEIN,
YEUDHI0; 'EKTINW0 GAR "OSHN DUNAMAI. DUNAMAI DE 'EPAINEIN
MONON; CRHMATA GAR 'OUK 'ECW0. "W$ DE PROQUMW$ TOUTO DRW0,
'EA=N TI$ MOI DOKHI5 'EU LEGEIN, 'EU 'EISHI2 'AUTIKA DH MALA, 'EPEIDAN
'APOKRINHI3; 'OIMAI GAR SE 'EU 'EREIN2.
<P 338C>
'AKOUE DH, 'H*-D'-"O$. FHMI GAR 'EGW 'EINAI TO DIKAION
'OUK 'ALLO TI 'H= TO TOU* KREITTONO$ SUMFERON. 'ALLA= TI= 'OUK
'EPAINEI$: 'ALL' 'OUK 'EQELHSEI$.
'EA=N MAQW GE PRWTON, 'EFHN, TI= LEGEI$; NU*N GAR 'OUPW
'OIDA. TO TOU* KREITTONO$ FH=I$ SUMFERON DIKAION 'EINAI. KAI
TOUTO, 'W* QRASUMACE, TI= POTE LEGEI$: 'OU-GAR-POU TO GE
TOIONDE FH=I$; 'EI POULUDAMA$ "HMWN KREITTWN "O PAGKRATIASTH$
KAI 'AUTWI SUMFEREI0 TA BO=EIA KREA PRO$ TO SWMA, TOUTO TO
<P 338D>
SITION 'EINAI KAI "HMIN TOI$ "HTTOSIN 'EKEINOU SUMFERON "AMA
KAI DIKAION.
BDELURO$ GAR 'EI*, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, KAI TAUTHI "UPOLAMBANEI$
"HI 'AN4 KAKOURGHSAI$ MALISTA TON LOGON.
'OUDAMW$, 'W* 'ARISTE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; 'ALLA= SAFESTERON 'EIPE=
TI= LEGEI$.
'EI*T' 'OUK 'OISQ', 'EFH, "OTI4 TWN POLEWN "AI MEN TURANNOUNTAI,
"AI DE DHMOKRATOUNTAI, "AI DE 'ARISTOKRATOUNTAI:
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
'OUKOU*N TOUTO KRATEI0 'EN "EKASTHI POLEI, TO 'ARCON:
PANU GE.
<P 338E>
TIQETAI DE-GE TOU$ NOMOU$ "EKASTH "H 'ARCH PRO$ TO "AUTHI
SUMFERON, DHMOKRATIA MEN DHMOKRATIKOU$, TURANNI$ DE
TURANNIKOU$, KAI "AI 'ALLAI "OUTW$; QEMENAI DE 'APEFHNAN TOUTO
DIKAION TOI$ 'ARCOMENOI$ 'EINAI, TO SFISI SUMFERON, KAI TON
TOUTOU 'EKBAINONTA KOLAZOUSIN0 "W$ PARANOMOUNTA TE-KAI
'ADIKOUNTA. TOUT' 'OUN 'ESTIN, 'W* BELTISTE, "O= LEGW0 'EN "APASAI$


<P 339A>
TAI$ POLESIN 'TAUTON 'EINAI DIKAION, TO TH$ KAQESTHKUIA$ 'ARCH$
SUMFERON; "AU=TH DE-POU KRATEI0, "WSTE SUMBAINEI0 TW*I 'ORQW$
LOGIZOMENWI PANTACOU 'EINAI TO 'AUTO DIKAION, TO TOU* KREITTONO$
SUMFERON.
NU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EMAQON "O= LEGEI$; 'EI DE 'ALHQE$ 'H= MH,
PEIRASOMAI MAQEIN. TO SUMFERON MEN-'OUN, 'W* QRASUMACE,
KAI SU 'APEKRINW DIKAION 'EINAI % KAITOI 'EMOIGE 'APHGOREUE$
"OPW$ MH TOUTO 'APOKRINOIMHN2 % PROSESTIN DE-DH 'AUTOQI TO
TOU* KREITTONO$.
<P 339B>
SMIKRA GE 'ISW$, 'EFH, PROSQHKH.
'OUPW DHLON 'OUD' 'EI MEGALH; 'ALL' "OTI4 MEN TOUTO SKEPTEON
'EI 'ALHQH LEGEI$, DHLON. 'EPEIDH GAR SUMFERON GE TI 'EINAI
KAI 'EGW "OMOLOGW0 TO DIKAION, SU DE PROSTIQEI*$ KAI 'AUTO FH=I$
'EINAI TO TOU* KREITTONO$, 'EGW DE 'AGNOW0, SKEPTEON DH.
SKOPEI5, 'EFH.
TAUT' 'ESTAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. KAI MOI 'EIPE=; 'OU-KAI PEIQESQAI
MENTOI TOI$ 'ARCOUSIN4 DIKAION FH=I$ 'EINAI:
'EGWGE.
<P 339C>
POTERON DE 'ANAMARTHTOI 'EISIN "OI 'ARCONTE$ 'EN TAI$ POLESIN
"EKASTAI$ 'H= "OIOI TI KAI "AMARTEIN:
PANTW$ POU, 'EFH, "OIOI TI KAI "AMARTEIN.
'OUKOU*N 'EPICEIROUNTE$ NOMOU$ TIQENAI TOU$ MEN 'ORQW$
TIQEASIN, TOU$ DE TINA$ 'OUK 'ORQW$:
'OIMAI 'EGWGE.
TO DE 'ORQW$ 'A*RA TO TA SUMFERONTA 'ESTI TIQESQAI "EAUTOI$,
TO DE MH 'ORQW$ 'ASUMFORA: 'H= PW*$ LEGEI$:
"OUTW$.
"A D' 'AN4 QWNTAI POIHTEON TOI$ 'ARCOMENOI$, KAI TOUTO
'ESTI TO DIKAION:
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
<P 339D>
'OU MONON 'A=RA DIKAION 'ESTIN KATA TON SON LOGON TO TOU*
KREITTONO$ SUMFERON POIEIN 'ALLA=-KAI 'TOUNANTION, TO MH
SUMFERON.
TI= LEGEI$ SU: 'EFH.
"A SU LEGEI$, 'EMOIGE DOKW0; SKOPWMEN DE BELTION. 'OUC
"WMOLOGHTAI TOU$ 'ARCONTA$ TOI$ 'ARCOMENOI$ PROSTATTONTA$
POIEIN 'ATTA 'ENIOTE DIAMARTANEIN TOU* "EAUTOI$ BELTISTOU, "A
D' 'AN4 PROSTATTWSIN "OI 'ARCONTE$ DIKAION 'EINAI TOI$ 'ARCOMENOI$
POIEIN: TAUT' 'OUC "WMOLOGHTAI:
'OIMAI 'EGWGE, 'EFH.
<P 339E>
'OIOU TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI TO 'ASUMFORA POIEIN TOI$
'ARCOUSI4 TE-KAI KREITTOSI DIKAION 'EINAI "WMOLOGHSQAI SOI4,
"OTAN "OI MEN 'ARCONTE$ 'AKONTE$ KAKA "AUTOI$ PROSTATTWSIN,
TOI$ DE DIKAION 'EINAI FH*I$ TAUTA POIEIN "A 'EKEINOI PROSETAXAN %
'A*RA TO=TE, 'W* SOFWTATE QRASUMACE, 'OUK 'ANAGKAION SUMBAINEIN
'AUTO "OUTWSI, DIKAION 'EINAI POIEIN 'TOUNANTION 'H= "O= SU
LEGEI$: TO GAR TOU* KREITTONO$ 'ASUMFORON DHPOU PROSTATTETAI
TOI$ "HTTOSIN POIEIN.


<P 340A>
NAI MA DI=', 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, "O POLEMARCO$, SAFESTATA
GE.
'EA=N SU G', 'EFH, 'AUTWI MARTURHSHI$, "O KLEITOFWN "UPOLABWN.
KAI TI= 'EFH, DEITAI MARTURO$: 'AUTO$ GAR QRASUMACO$
"OMOLOGEI0 TOU$ MEN 'ARCONTA$ 'ENIOTE "EAUTOI$ KAKA PROSTATTEIN,
TOI$ DE DIKAION 'EINAI TAUTA POIEIN.
TO GAR TA KELEUOMENA POIEIN, 'W* POLEMARCE, "UPO TWN
'ARCONTWN0 DIKAION 'EINAI 'EQETO QRASUMACO$.
KAI-GAR TO TOU* KREITTONO$, 'W* KLEITOFWN, SUMFERON
<P 340B>
DIKAION 'EINAI 'EQETO. TAUTA DE 'AMFO=TERA QEMENO$ "WMOLOGHSEN
'AU 'ENIOTE TOU$ KREITTOU$ TA "AUTOI$ 'ASUMFORA KELEUEIN
TOU$ "HTTOU$ TE-KAI 'ARCOMENOU$ POIEIN. 'EK DE TOUTWN TWN
"OMOLOGIWN 'OUDEN MALLON TO TOU* KREITTONO$ SUMFERON DIKAION
'AN4 'EIH 'H= TO MH SUMFERON.
'ALL', 'EFH "O KLEITOFWN, TO TOU* KREITTONO$ SUMFERON
'ELEGEN "O= "HGOITO "O KREITTWN "AUTWI SUMFEREIN; TOUTO POIHTEON
'EINAI TW*I "HTTONI, KAI TO DIKAION TOUTO 'ETIQETO.
'ALL' 'OUC "OUTW$ 'H*-D'-"O$ "O POLEMARCO$, 'ELEGETO.
<P 340C>
'OUDEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* POLEMARCE, DIAFEREI0, 'ALL' 'EI NU*N
"OUTW LEGEI0 QRASUMACO$, "OUTW$ 'AUTOU4 'APODECWMEQA. KAI
MOI 'EIPE=, 'W* QRASUMACE; TOUTO 'H*N "O= 'EBOULOU LEGEIN TO DIKAION,
TO TOU* KREITTONO$ SUMFERON DOKOUN 'EINAI TW*I KREITTONI, 'EANTE
SUMFERHI5 'EANTE MH: "OUTW SE FWMEN LEGEIN:
"HKISTA GE, 'EFH; 'ALLA= KREITTW ME 'OIEI KALEIN0 TON 'EXAMARTANONTA
"OTAN 'EXAMARTANHI5:
'EGWGE, 'EIPON, 'WIMHN SE TOUTO LEGEIN "OTE TOU$ 'ARCONTA$
"WMOLOGEI$ 'OUK 'ANAMARTHTOU$ 'EINAI 'ALLA= TI KAI 'EXAMARTANEIN.
<P 340D>
SUKOFANTH$ GAR 'EI*, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$;
'EPEI 'AUTIKA 'IATRON KALEI$0 SU TON 'EXAMARTANONTA PERI= TOU$
KAMNONTA$ KAT' 'AUTO TOUTO "O= 'EXAMARTANEI0: 'H= LOGISTIKON, "O$
'AN4 'EN LOGISMWI "AMARTANHI5, TO=TE "OTAN "AMARTANHI5, KATA TAUTHN
THN "AMARTIAN: 'ALL' 'OIMAI LEGOMEN TW*I "RHMATI "OUTW$, "OTI4 "O
'IATRO$ 'EXHMARTEN KAI "O LOGISTH$ 'EXHMARTEN KAI "O GRAMMATISTH$;
TO D' 'OIMAI "EKASTO$ TOUTWN, KAQ' "OSON TOUT' 'ESTIN
<P 340E>
"O= PROSAGOREUOMEN 'AUTON, 'OUDEPOTE "AMARTANEI0; "WSTE KATA
TON 'AKRIBH LOGON, 'EPEIDH KAI SU 'AKRIBOLOGHI0, 'OUDEI$ TWN
DHMIOURGWN "AMARTANEI0. 'EPILEIPOUSH$ GAR 'EPISTHMH$ "O "AMARTANWN
"AMARTANEI0, 'EN "WI 'OUK 'ESTI DHMIOURGO$; "WSTE DHMIOURGO$
'H= SOFO$ 'H= 'ARCWN 'OUDEI$ "AMARTANEI0 TO=TE "OTAN 'ARCWN 'HI, 'ALLA=
PA$ G' 'AN4 'EIPOI "OTI4 "O 'IATRO$ "HMARTEN KAI "O 'ARCWN "HMARTEN.
TOIOUTON 'OUN-DH SOI4 KAI 'EME "UPOLABE NUNDH 'APOKRINESQAI;
TO DE 'AKRIBESTATON 'EKEINO TUGCANEI0 'ON, TON 'ARCONTA, KAQ'


<P 341A>
"OSON 'ARCWN 'ESTIN, MH "AMARTANEIN, MH "AMARTANONTA DE TO
"AUTWI BELTISTON TIQESQAI, TOUTO DE TW*I 'ARCOMENWI POIHTEON.
"WSTE "OPER 'EX 'ARCH$ 'ELEGON DIKAION LEGW0, TO TOU* KREITTONO$
POIEIN SUMFERON.
'EIEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* QRASUMACE; DOKW0 SOI4 SUKOFANTEIN:
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
'OIEI GAR ME 'EX 'EPIBOULH$ 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$ KAKOURGOUNTA SE
'ERESQAI "W$ 'HROMHN:
'EU MEN-'OUN 'OIDA, 'EFH. KAI 'OUDEN GE SOI4 PLEON 'ESTAI;
<P 341B>
'OUTE-GAR 'AN4 ME LAQOI$ KAKOURGWN, 'OUTE MH LAQWN BIASASQAI
TW*I LOGWI DUNAIO.
'OUDE-G' 'AN4 'EPICEIRHSAIMI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* MAKARIE. 'ALL'
"INA MH 'AUQI$ "HMIN TOIOUTON 'EGGENHTAI, DIORISAI2 POTERW$
LEGEI$ TON 'ARCONTA TE-KAI TON KREITTONA, TON "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN
'H= TON 'AKRIBEI LOGWI, "O= NUNDH 'ELEGE$, "OU TO SUMFERON KREITTONO$
'ONTO$ DIKAION 'ESTAI TW*I "HTTONI POIEIN.
TON TW*I 'AKRIBESTATWI, 'EFH, LOGWI 'ARCONTA 'ONTA. PRO$
TAUTA KAKOURGEI5 KAI SUKOFANTEI5, 'EI TI DUNASAI % 'OUDEN SOU4
PARIEMAI % 'ALL' 'OU MH "OIO$-T'-'HI$.
<P 341C>
'OIEI GAR 'AN4 ME, 'EIPON, "OUTW MANHNAI "WSTE XUREIN 'EPICEIREIN
LEONTA KAI SUKOFANTEIN QRASUMACON:
NU*N GOUN, 'EFH, 'EPECEIRHSA$, 'OUDEN 'WN KAI TAUTA.
"ADHN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TWN TOIOUTWN. 'ALL' 'EIPE= MOI. "O TW*I
'AKRIBEI LOGWI 'IATRO$, "ON 'ARTI 'ELEGE$, POTERON CRHMATISTH$
'ESTIN 'H= TWN KAMNONTWN0 QERAPEUTH$: KAI LEGE TON TW*I-'ONTI
'IATRON 'ONTA.
TWN KAMNONTWN0, 'EFH, QERAPEUTH$.
TI= DE KUBERNHTH$: "O 'ORQW$ KUBERNHTH$ NAUTWN 'ARCWN
'ESTIN 'H= NAUTH$:
NAUTWN 'ARCWN.
<P 341D>
'OUDEN 'OIMAI TOUTO "UPOLOGISTEON, "OTI4 PLEI0 'EN THI NHI, 'OUD'
'ESTIN KLHTEO$ NAUTH$; 'OU-GAR KATA TO PLEIN KUBERNHTH$
KALEITAI0, 'ALLA= KATA THN TECNHN KAI THN TWN NAUTWN 'ARCHN.
'ALHQH, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N "EKASTWI TOUTWN 'ESTIN TI SUMFERON:
PANU GE.
'OU-KAI "H TECNH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EPI TOUTWI PEFUKEN0, 'EPI TW*I TO
SUMFERON "EKASTWI ZHTEIN TE-KAI 'EKPORIZEIN:
'EPI TOUTWI, 'EFH.
'A*R'-'OUN-KAI "EKASTHI TWN TECNWN 'ESTIN TI SUMFERON 'ALLO
'H= "OTI2 MALISTA TELEAN 'EINAI:
<P 341E>
PW*$ TOUTO 'ERWTA*I$0:
"WSPER, 'EFHN 'EGW, 'EI ME 'EROIO 'EI 'EXARKEI0 SWMATI 'EINAI
SWMATI 'H= PROSDEITAI TINO$, 'EIPOIM' 'AN4 "OTI4 PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN
PROSDEITAI. DIA= TAUTA KAI "H TECNH 'ESTIN "H 'IATRIKH
NU*N "HURHMENH, "OTI4 SWMA 'ESTIN PONHRON KAI 'OUK 'EXARKEI0 'AUTWI
TOIOUTWI 'EINAI. TOUTWI 'OUN "OPW$ 'EKPORIZHI5 TA SUMFERONTA,
'EPI TOUTWI PARESKEUASQH "H TECNH. 'H* 'ORQW$ SOI4 DOKW0, 'EFHN,
'AN4 'EIPEIN "OUTW LEGWN, 'H= 'OU=:
'ORQW$, 'EFH.


<P 342A>
TI= DE-DH: 'AUTH "H 'IATRIKH 'ESTIN PONHRA, 'H= 'ALLH TI$ TECNH
'ESQ' "OTI2 PROSDEITAI TINO$ 'ARETH$ % "WSPER 'OFQALMOI 'OYEW$ KAI
'WTA 'AKOH$ KAI DIA= TAUTA 'EP' 'AUTOI$ DEI TINO$ TECNH$ TH$ TO
SUMFERON 'EI$ 'AUTA TAUTA SKEYOMENH$ TE-KAI 'EKPORIOUSH$ %
'A*RA-KAI 'EN 'AUTHI THI TECNHI 'ENI TI$ PONHRIA, KAI DEI "EKASTHI
TECNHI 'ALLH$ TECNH$ "HTI$ 'AUTHI TO SUMFERON SKEYETAI, KAI
THI SKOPOUMENHI "ETERA$ 'AU TOIAUTH$, KAI TOUT' 'ESTIN 'APERANTON:
<P 342B>
'H= 'AUTH "AUTHI TO SUMFERON SKEYETAI: 'H= 'OUTE "AUTH$ 'OUTE 'ALLH$
PROSDEITAI 'EPI THN "AUTH$ PONHRIAN TO SUMFERON SKOPEIN;
'OUTE-GAR PONHRIA 'OUTE "AMARTIA 'OUDEMIA 'OUDEMIA*I TECNHI
PARESTIN, 'OUDE PROSHKEI0 TECNHI 'ALLWI TO SUMFERON ZHTEIN 'H=
'EKEINWI "OU TECNH 'ESTIN, 'AUTH DE 'ABLABH$ KAI 'AKERAIO$ 'ESTIN
'ORQH 'OUSA, "EWSPER 'AN4 'HI "EKASTH 'AKRIBH$ "OLH "HPER 'ESTIN:
KAI SKOPEI5 'EKEINWI TW*I 'AKRIBEI LOGWI; "OUTW$ 'H= 'ALLW$ 'ECEI0:
"OUTW$, 'EFH, FAINETAI.
<P 342C>
'OUK-'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'IATRIKH 'IATRIKHI TO SUMFERON SKOPEI0
'ALLA= SWMATI.
NAI, 'EFH.
'OUDE "IPPIKH "IPPIKHI 'ALL' "IPPOI$; 'OUDE 'ALLH TECNH
'OUDEMIA "EAUTHI % 'OUDE-GAR PROSDEITAI % 'ALL' 'EKEINWI "OU TECNH
'ESTIN.
FAINETAI, 'EFH, "OUTW$.
'ALLA=-MHN, 'W* QRASUMACE, 'ARCOUSI0 GE "AI TECNAI KAI
KRATOUSIN0 'EKEINOU "OUPER 'EISIN TECNAI.
SUNECWRHSEN 'ENTAUQA KAI MALA MOGI$.
'OUK-'A=RA 'EPISTHMH GE 'OUDEMIA TO TOU* KREITTONO$ SUMFERON
SKOPEI0 'OUD' 'EPITATTEI0, 'ALLA= TO TOU* "HTTONO$ TE-KAI 'ARCOMENOU
<P 342D>
"UPO "EAUTH$.
SUNWMOLOGHSE MEN-KAI TAUTA TELEUTWN, 'EPECEIREI DE PERI=
'AUTA MACESQAI; 'EPEIDH DE "WMOLOGHSEN, 'ALLO TI 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW,
'OUDE 'IATRO$ 'OUDEI$, KAQ' "OSON 'IATRO$, TO TW*I 'IATRWI
SUMFERON SKOPEI0 'OUD' 'EPITATTEI0, 'ALLA= TO TW*I KAMNONTI:
"WMOLOGHTAI GAR "O 'AKRIBH$ 'IATRO$ SWMATWN 'EINAI 'ARCWN
'ALL' 'OU CRHMATISTH$. 'H= 'OUC "WMOLOGHTAI:
SUNEFH.
'OUKOU*N-KAI "O KUBERNHTH$ "O 'AKRIBH$ NAUTWN 'EINAI 'ARCWN
'ALL' 'OU NAUTH$:
<P 342E>
"WMOLOGHTAI.
'OUK-'A=RA "O GE TOIOUTO$ KUBERNHTH$ TE-KAI 'ARCWN TO TW*I
KUBERNHTHI SUMFERON SKEYETAI TE-KAI PROSTAXEI2, 'ALLA= TO
TW*I NAUTHI TE-KAI 'ARCOMENWI.
SUNEFHSE MOGI$.
'OUKOU*N 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* QRASUMACE, 'OUDE 'ALLO$ 'OUDEI$ 'EN
'OUDEMIA*I 'ARCHI, KAQ' "OSON 'ARCWN 'ESTIN, TO "AUTWI SUMFERON
SKOPEI0 'OUD' 'EPITATTEI0, 'ALLA= TO TW*I 'ARCOMENWI KAI "WI 'AN4
'AUTO$ DHMIOURGHI5, KAI PRO$ 'EKEINO BLEPWN KAI TO 'EKEINWI
SUMFERON KAI PREPON, KAI LEGEI0 "A LEGEI0 KAI POIEI0 "A POIEI0
"APANTA.


<P 343A>
'EPEIDH 'OUN 'ENTAUQA 'HMEN TOU* LOGOU KAI PASI KATAFANE$
'H*N "OTI4 "O TOU* DIKAIOU LOGO$ 'EI$ 'TOUNANTION PERIEISTHKEI, "O
QRASUMACO$ 'ANTI TOU* 'APOKRINESQAI, 'EIPE= MOI, 'EFH, 'W*
SWKRATE$, TITQH SOI4 'ESTIN:
TI= DE: 'H*N-D'-'EGW; 'OUK 'APOKRINESQAI CRHN MALLON 'H=
TOIAUTA 'ERWTAN:
"OTI4 TOI SE, 'EFH, KORUZWNTA PERIORA*I0 KAI 'OUK 'APOMUTTEI0
DEOMENON, "O$ GE 'AUTHI 'OUDE PROBATA 'OUDE POIMENA
GIGNWSKEI$.
"OTI4 DH TI= MALISTA: 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
<P 343B>
"OTI4 'OIEI TOU$ POIMENA$ 'H= TOU$ BOUKOLOU$ TO TWN PROBATWN
'H= TO TWN BOWN 'AGAQON SKOPEIN KAI PACUNEIN 'AUTOU$ KAI
QERAPEUEIN PRO$ 'ALLO TI BLEPONTA$ 'H= TO TWN DESPOTWN
'AGAQON KAI TO "AUTWN, KAI-DH-KAI TOU$ 'EN TAI$ POLESIN
'ARCONTA$, "OI= "W$ 'ALHQW$ 'ARCOUSIN0, 'ALLW$ PW$ "HGHI0 DIANOEISQAI
PRO$ TOU$ 'ARCOMENOU$ 'H= "WSPER 'AN4 TI$ PRO$ PROBATA DIATEQEIH,
KAI 'ALLO TI SKOPEIN 'AUTOU$ DIA= NUKTO$ KAI "HMERA$ 'H= TOUTO,
<P 343C>
"OQEN 'AUTOI 'WFELHSONTAI. KAI "OUTW PORRW 'EI* PERI= TE TOU*
DIKAIOU KAI DIKAIOSUNH$ KAI 'ADIKOU TE-KAI 'ADIKIA$, "WSTE
'AGNOEI$ "OTI4 "H MEN DIKAIOSUNH KAI TO DIKAION 'ALLOTRION 'AGAQON
TW*I 'ONTI, TOU* KREITTONO$ TE-KAI 'ARCONTO$ SUMFERON, 'OIKEI=A DE
TOU* PEIQOMENOU TE-KAI "UPHRETOUNTO$ BLABH, "H DE 'ADIKIA
'TOUNANTION, KAI 'ARCEI0 TWN "W$ 'ALHQW$ 'EUHQIKWN TE-KAI
DIKAIWN, "OI D' 'ARCOMENOI POIOUSIN0 TO 'EKEINOU SUMFERON
KREITTONO$ 'ONTO$, KAI 'EUDAIMONA 'EKEINON POIOUSIN0 "UPHRETOUNTE$
<P 343D>
'AUTWI, "EAUTOU$ DE-'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN. SKOPEISQAI DE,
'W* 'EUHQESTATE SWKRATE$, "OUTWSI CRH, "OTI4 DIKAIO$ 'ANHR 'ADIKOU
PANTACOU 'ELATTON 'ECEI0. PRWTON MEN 'EN TOI$ PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$
SUMBOLAIOI$, "OPOU 'AN4 "O TOIOUTO$ TW*I TOIOUTWI KOINWNHSHI6,
'OUDAMOU 'AN4 "EUROI$ 'EN THI DIALUSEI TH$ KOINWNIA$ PLEON
'ECONTA TON DIKAION TOU* 'ADIKOU 'ALL' 'ELATTON; 'EPEITA 'EN TOI$
PRO$ THN POLIN, "OTAN TE TINE$ 'EISFORAI 'WSIN, "O MEN DIKAIO$
'APO TWN 'ISWN PLEON 'EISFEREI0, "O D' 'ELATTON, "OTAN TE LHYEI$,
<P 343E>
"O MEN 'OUDEN, "O DE POLLA KERDAINEI0. KAI-GAR "OTAN 'ARCHN
TINA 'ARCHI5 "EKATERO$, TW*I MEN DIKAIWI "UPARCEI0, KAI 'EI MHDEMIA
'ALLH ZHMIA, TA GE 'OIKEI*A DI' 'AMELEIAN MOCQHROTERW$ 'ECEIN,
'EK DE TOU* DHMOSIOU MHDEN 'WFELEISQAI DIA= TO DIKAION 'EINAI,
PRO$ DE TOUTOI$ 'APECQESQAI TOI$ TE 'OIKEIOI$ KAI TOI$ GNWRIMOI$,
"OTAN MHDEN 'EQELHI5 'AUTOI$ "UPHRETEIN PARA TO DIKAION;
TW*I DE 'ADIKWI PANTA TOUTWN 'TANANTIA "UPARCEI0. LEGW0 GAR


<P 344A>
"ONPER NUNDH 'ELEGON TON MEGALA DUNAMENON PLEONEKTEIN;
TOUTON 'OUN SKOPEI5, 'EIPER BOULEI KRINEIN0 "OSWI MALLON
SUMFEREI0 'IDIA\ "AUTWI 'ADIKON 'EINAI 'H= TO DIKAION. PANTWN
DE "RA*ISTA MAQHSHI2, 'EA=N 'EPI THN TELEWTATHN 'ADIKIAN 'ELQHI$, "H=
TON MEN 'ADIKHSANTA 'EUDAIMONESTATON POIEI0, TOU$ DE 'ADIKHQENTA$
KAI 'ADIKHSAI0 'OUK 'AN4 'EQELONTA$ 'AQLIWTATOU$. 'ESTIN DE
TOUTO TURANNI$, "H= 'OU KATA SMIKRON 'TALLO=TRIA KAI LAQRA\ KAI
BIA\ 'AFAIREITAI, KAI "IERA KAI "O=SIA KAI 'I=DIA KAI DHMO=SIA, 'ALLA=
<P 344B>
SULLHBDHN; "WN 'EF' "EKASTWI MEREI "OTAN TI$ 'ADIKHSA$ MH
LAQHI6, ZHMIOUTAI TE-KAI 'ONEIDH 'ECEI0 TA MEGISTA % KAI-GAR
"IEROSULOI KAI 'ANDRAPODISTAI KAI TOICWRUCOI KAI 'APOSTERHTAI
KAI KLEPTAI "OI KATA MERH 'ADIKOUNTE$ TWN TOIOUTWN KAKOURGHMATWN
KALOUNTAI0 % 'EPEIDAN DE TI$ PRO$ TOI$ TWN POLITWN
CRHMASIN KAI 'AUTOU$ 'ANDRAPODISAMENO$ DOULWSHTAI, 'ANTI
TOUTWN TWN 'AISCRWN 'ONOMATWN 'EUDAIMONE$ KAI MAKARIOI
<P 344C>
KEKLHNTAI, 'OU MONON "UPO TWN POLITWN 'ALLA=-KAI "UPO TWN
'ALLWN "OSOI 'AN4 PUQWNTAI 'AUTON THN "OLHN 'ADIKIAN 'HDIKHKOTA;
'OU-GAR TO POIEIN TA 'ADIKA 'ALLA= TO PASCEIN FOBOUMENOI
'ONEIDIZOUSIN0 "OI 'ONEIDIZONTE$ THN 'ADIKIAN. "OUTW$, 'W* SWKRATE$,
KAI 'ISCUROTERON KAI 'ELEUQERIWTERON KAI DESPOTIKWTERON 'ADIKIA
DIKAIOSUNH$ 'ESTIN "IKANW$ GIGNOMENH, KAI "OPER 'EX 'ARCH$
'ELEGON, TO MEN TOU* KREITTONO$ SUMFERON TO DIKAION TUGCANEI0
'ON, TO D' 'ADIKON "EAUTWI LUSITELOUN TE-KAI SUMFERON.
<P 344D>
TAUTA 'EIPWN "O QRASUMACO$ 'EN NWI 'EICEN 'APIENAI, "WSPER
BALANEU$ "HMWN KATANTLHSA$ KATA TWN 'WTWN "AQROON KAI
POLUN TON LOGON; 'OU-MHN 'EIASAN GE 'AUTON "OI PARONTE$,
'ALL' 'HNAGKASAN "UPOMEINAI0 TE-KAI PARASCEIN TWN 'EIRHMENWN
LOGON. KAI-DH 'EGWGE KAI 'AUTO$ PANU 'EDEOMHN TE-KAI 'EIPON;
'W* DAIMONIE QRASUMACE, "OION 'EMBALWN LOGON 'EN NWI 'ECEI$
'APIENAI PRIN DIDAXAI0 "IKANW$ 'H= MAQEIN 'EI=TE "OUTW$ 'EI=TE 'ALLW$
<P 344E>
'ECEI0: 'H= SMIKRON 'OIEI 'EPICEIREIN PRAGMA DIORIZESQAI "OLOU
BIOU DIAGWGHN, "HI 'AN4 DIAGOMENO$ "EKASTO$ "HMWN LUSITELESTATHN
ZWHN ZWIH:
'EGW GAR 'OIMAI, 'EFH "O QRASUMACO$, TOUTI 'ALLW$ 'ECEIN:
'EOIKA$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW % 'HTOI "HMWN GE 'OUDEN KHDESQAI, 'OUDE
TI FRONTIZEIN 'EI=TE CEIRON 'EI=TE BELTION BIWSOMEQA 'AGNOOUNTE$
"O= SU FH=I$ 'EIDENAI. 'ALL', 'WGAQE, PROQUMOU KAI "HMIN 'ENDEIXASQAI


<P 345A> %
'OUTOI KAKW$ SOI4 KEISETAI "OTI2 'AN4 "HMA$ TOSOUSDE
'ONTA$ 'EUERGETHSHI$ % 'EGW GAR-DH SOI4 LEGW0 TO G' 'EMON, "OTI4
'OU PEIQOMAI 'OUD' 'OIMAI 'ADIKIAN DIKAIOSUNH$ KERDALEWTERON
'EINAI, 'OUD' 'EA=N 'EA*I2 TI$ 'AUTHN KAI MH DIAKWLUHI5 PRATTEIN "A
BOULETAI. 'ALL', 'WGAQE, 'ESTW MEN 'ADIKO$, DUNASQW DE
'ADIKEIN 'H= TW*I LANQANEIN 'H= TW*I DIAMACESQAI, "OMW$ 'EME GE 'OU
PEIQEI0 "W$ 'ESTI TH$ DIKAIOSUNH$ KERDALEWTERON. TAUT' 'OUN-KAI
<P 345B>
"ETERO$ 'ISW$ TI$ "HMWN PEPONQEN0, 'OU MONO$ 'EGW; PEISON2
'OUN, 'W* MAKARIE, "IKANW$ "HMA$ "OTI4 'OUK 'ORQW$ BOULEUOMEQA
DIKAIOSUNHN 'ADIKIA$ PERI= PLEIONO$ POIOUMENOI.
KAI PW*$, 'EFH, SE PEISW42: 'EI GAR "OI$ NUNDH 'ELEGON MH
PEPEISAI, TI= SOI4 'ETI POIHSW42: 'H= 'EI$ THN YUCHN FERWN 'ENQW
TON LOGON:
MA DI=', 'H*N-D'-'EGW, MH SU GE; 'ALLA= PRWTON MEN, "A 'AN4
'EIPHI$, 'EMMENE TOUTOI$, 'H= 'EA=N METATIQHI3, FANERW$ METATIQESO
KAI "HMA$ MH 'EXAPATA. NU*N DE "ORA*I$0, 'W* QRASUMACE % 'ETI
<P 345C>
GAR TA 'EMPROSQEN 'EPISKEYWMEQA % "OTI4 TON "W$ 'ALHQW$ 'IATRON
TO PRWTON "ORIZOMENO$ TON "W$ 'ALHQW$ POIMENA 'OUKETI 'WIOU
DEIN "USTERON 'AKRIBW$ FULAXAI0, 'ALLA= PIAINEIN 'OIEI 'AUTON TA
PROBATA, KAQ' "OSON POIMHN 'ESTIN, 'OU PRO$ TO TWN PROBATWN
BELTISTON BLEPONTA 'ALL', "WSPER DAITUMONA TINA KAI
MELLONTA "ESTIASESQAI, PRO$ THN 'EUWCIAN, 'H= 'AU PRO$ TO
<P 345D>
'APODOSQAI, "WSPER CRHMATISTHN 'ALL' 'OU POIMENA. THI DE
POIMENIKHI 'OU DHPOU 'ALLOU TOU MELEI0 'H= 'EF' "WI TETAKTAI, "OPW$
TOUTWI TO BELTISTON 'EKPORIEI2 % 'EPEI TA GE "AUTH$ "WST' 'EINAI
BELTISTH "IKANW$ DHPOU 'EKPEPORISTAI, "EW$ G' 'AN4 MHDEN
'ENDEHI5 TOU* POIMENIKH 'EINAI % "OUTW DE 'WIMHN 'EGWGE NUNDH
'ANAGKAION 'EINAI "HMIN "OMOLOGEIN PASAN 'ARCHN KAQ' "OSON
'ARCH, MHDENI 'ALLWI TO BELTISTON SKOPEISQAI 'H= 'EKEINWI, TW*I
<P 345E>
'ARCOMENWI TE-KAI QERAPEUOMENWI, 'EN TE POLITIKHI KAI 'IDIWTIKHI
'ARCHI. SU DE TOU$ 'ARCONTA$ 'EN TAI$ POLESIN, TOU$ "W$ 'ALHQW$
'ARCONTA$, "EKONTA$ 'OIEI 'ARCEIN:
MA DI=' 'OU=K, 'EFH, 'ALL' 'EU 'OIDA.
TI= DE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* QRASUMACE: TA$ 'ALLA$ 'ARCA$ 'OUK
'ENNOEI$ "OTI4 'OUDEI$ 'EQELEI0 'ARCEIN "EKWN, 'ALLA= MISQON 'AITOUSIN0,
"W$ 'OUCI 'AUTOISIN 'WFELIAN 'ESOMENHN 'EK TOU* 'ARCEIN 'ALLA=


<P 346A>
TOI$ 'ARCOMENOI$: 'EPEI TOSONDE 'EIPE=; 'OUCI "EKASTHN MENTOI
FAMEN "EKASTOTE TWN TECNWN TOUTWI "ETERAN 'EINAI, TW*I "ETERAN
THN DUNAMIN 'ECEIN: KAI, 'W* MAKARIE, MH PARA DOXAN 'APOKRINOU,
"INA TI KAI PERAINWMEN.
'ALLA= TOUTWI, 'EFH, "ETE=RA.
'OUKOU*N-KAI 'WFELIAN "EKASTH TOUTWN 'IDIAN TINA "HMIN PARECETAI
'ALL' 'OU KOINHN, "OION 'IATRIKH MEN "UGIEIAN, KUBERNHTIKH
DE SWTHRIAN 'EN TW*I PLEIN, KAI "AI 'ALLAI "OUTW:
PANU GE.
<P 346B>
'OUKOU*N-KAI MISQWTIKH MISQON: "AU=TH GAR 'AUTH$ "H DUNAMI$;
'H= THN 'IATRIKHN SU KAI THN KUBERNHTIKHN THN 'AUTHN KALEI$20:
'H= 'EANPER BOULHI3 'AKRIBW$ DIORIZEIN, "WSPER "UPEQOU, 'OUDEN TI
MALLON, 'EA=N TI$ KUBERNWN "UGIH$ GIGNHTAI DIA= TO SUMFERON
'AUTWI PLEIN 'EN THI QALATTHI, "ENEKA TOUTOU KALEI$20 MALLON
'AUTHN 'IATRIKHN:
'OU-DHTA, 'EFH.
'OUDE-G', 'OIMAI, THN MISQWTIKHN, 'EA=N "UGIAINHI5 TI$ MISQARNWN.
'OU-DHTA.
TI= DE: THN 'IATRIKHN MISQARNHTIKHN, 'EA=N 'IWMENO$ TI$
MISQARNHI5:
<P 346C>
'OUK 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N THN GE 'WFELIAN "EKASTH$ TH$ TECNH$ 'IDIAN "WMOLOGHSAMEN
'EINAI:
'ESTW, 'EFH.
"HNTINA 'A=RA 'WFELIAN KOINHI 'WFELOUNTAI PANTE$ "OI DHMIOURGOI,
DHLON "OTI4 KOINHI TINI TW*I 'AUTWI PROSCRWMENOI 'AP'
'EKEINOU 'WFELOUNTAI.
'EOIKEN0, 'EFH.
FAMEN DE-GE TO MISQON 'ARNUMENOU$ 'WFELEISQAI TOU$
DHMIOURGOU$ 'APO TOU* PROSCRHSQAI THI MISQWTIKHI TECNHI
GIGNESQAI 'AUTOI$.
SUNEFH MOGI$.
<P 346D>
'OUK-'A=RA 'APO TH$ "AUTOU TECNH$ "EKASTWI "AU=TH "H 'WFELIA
'ESTIN, "H TOU* MISQOU LHYI$, 'ALL', 'EI DEI 'AKRIBW$ SKOPEISQAI,
"H MEN 'IATRIKH "UGIEIAN POIEI0, "H DE MISQARNHTIKH MISQON, KAI
"H MEN 'OIKODOMIKH 'OIKIAN, "H DE MISQARNHTIKH 'AUTHI "EPOMENH
MISQON, KAI "AI 'ALLAI PASAI "OUTW$ TO "AUTH$ "EKASTH 'ERGON
'ERGAZETAI KAI 'WFELEI0 'EKEINO 'EF' "WI TETAKTAI. 'EA=N DE MH
MISQO$ 'AUTHI PROSGIGNHTAI, 'ESQ' "OTI2 'WFELEITAI "O DHMIOURGO$
'APO TH$ TECNH$:
'OU FAINETAI, 'EFH.
<P 346E>
'A*R'-'OUN-'OUD' 'WFELEI0 TO=TE, "OTAN PROIKA 'ERGAZHTAI:
'OIMAI 'EGWGE.
'OUKOU*N, 'W* QRASUMACE, TOUTO 'HDH DHLON, "OTI4 'OUDEMIA
TECNH 'OUDE 'ARCH TO "AUTHI 'WFELIMON PARASKEUAZEI0, 'ALL',
"OPER PALAI 'ELEGOMEN, TO TW*I 'ARCOMENWI KAI PARASKEUAZEI0
KAI 'EPITATTEI0, TO 'EKEINOU SUMFERON "HTTONO$ 'ONTO$ SKOPOUSA,
'ALL' 'OU TO TOU* KREITTONO$. DIA= DH TAUTA 'EGWGE, 'W*
FILE QRASUMACE, KAI 'ARTI 'ELEGON MHDENA 'EQELEIN "EKONTA
'ARCEIN KAI TA 'ALLO=TRIA KAKA METACEIRIZESQAI 'ANORQOUNTA,


<P 347A>
'ALLA= MISQON 'AITEIN, "OTI4 "O MELLWN KALW$ THI TECNHI PRAXEIN
'OUDEPOTE "AUTWI TO BELTISTON PRATTEI0 'OUD' 'EPITATTEI0
KATA THN TECNHN 'EPITATTWN, 'ALLA= TW*I 'ARCOMENWI; "WN DH
"ENEKA, "W$ 'EOIKE0, MISQON DEIN "UPARCEIN TOI$ MELLOUSIN4
'EQELHSEIN 'ARCEIN, 'H= 'ARGURION 'H= TIMHN, 'H= ZHMIAN 'EA=N MH
'ARCHI5;
PW*$ TOUTO LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$: 'EFH "O GLAUKWN; TOU$
MEN-GAR DUO MISQOU$ GIGNWSKW0, THN DE ZHMIAN "HNTINA LEGEI$
KAI "W$ 'EN MISQOU MEREI 'EIRHKA$, 'OU SUNHKA.
TON TWN BELTISTWN 'A=RA MISQON, 'EFHN, 'OU SUNIEI*$, DI' "ON
<P 347B>
'ARCOUSIN0 "OI 'EPIEIKESTATOI, "OTAN 'EQELWSIN 'ARCEIN. 'H= 'OUK
'OISQA "OTI4 TO FILOTIMON TE-KAI FILARGURON 'EINAI 'ONEIDO$
LEGETAI TE-KAI 'ESTIN:
'EGWGE, 'EFH.
DIA= TAUTA TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OUTE CRHMATWN "ENEKA 'EQELOUSIN0
'ARCEIN "OI 'AGAQOI 'OUTE TIMH$; 'OUTE-GAR FANERW$
PRATTOMENOI TH$ 'ARCH$ "ENEKA MISQON MISQWTOI BOULONTAI
KEKLHSQAI, 'OUTE LAQRA\ 'AUTOI 'EK TH$ 'ARCH$ LAMBANONTE$
KLEPTAI. 'OUD' 'AU TIMH$ "ENEKA; 'OU-GAR 'EISI FILOTIMOI. DEI DH
<P 347C>
'AUTOI$ 'ANAGKHN PROSEINAI KAI ZHMIAN, 'EI MELLOUSIN0 'EQELEIN
'ARCEIN % "OQEN KINDUNEUEI0 TO "EKONTA 'EPI TO 'ARCEIN 'IENAI
'ALLA= MH 'ANAGKHN PERIMENEIN0 'AISCRON NENOMISQAI % TH$ DE
ZHMIA$ MEGISTH TO "UPO PONHROTEROU 'ARCESQAI, 'EA=N MH 'AUTO$
'EQELHI5 'ARCEIN; "HN DEISANTE$ MOI FAINONTAI 'ARCEIN, "OTAN
'ARCWSIN, "OI 'EPIEIKEI$, KAI TO=TE 'ERCONTAI 'EPI TO 'ARCEIN 'OUC
"W$ 'EP' 'AGAQON TI 'IONTE$ 'OUD' "W$ 'EUPAQHSONTE$ 'EN 'AUTWI, 'ALL'
<P 347D>
"W$ 'EP' 'ANAGKAION KAI 'OUK 'ECONTE$ "EAUTWN BELTIOSIN 'EPITREYAI0
'OUDE "OMOIOI$. 'EPEI KINDUNEUEI0 POLI$ 'ANDRWN 'AGAQWN
'EI GENOITO, PERIMACHTON 'AN4 'EINAI TO MH 'ARCEIN "WSPER
NUNI TO 'ARCEIN, KAI 'ENTAUQ' 'AN4 KATAFANE$ GENESQAI "OTI4 TW*I-'ONTI
'ALHQINO$ 'ARCWN 'OU PEFUKE0 TO "AUTWI SUMFERON SKOPEISQAI
'ALLA= TO TW*I 'ARCOMENWI; "WSTE PA$ 'AN4 "O GIGNWSKWN TO
'WFELEISQAI MALLON "ELOITO "UP' 'ALLOU 'H= 'ALLON 'WFELWN
PRAGMATA 'ECEIN. TOUTO MEN-'OUN 'EGWGE 'OUDAMHI SUGCWRW0
<P 347E>
QRASUMACWI, "W$ TO DIKAION 'ESTIN TO TOU* KREITTONO$ SUMFERON.
'ALLA= TOUTO MEN-DH-KAI 'EI$ 'AUQI$ SKEYOMEQA; POLU DE MOI
DOKEI0 MEIZON 'EINAI "O= NU*N LEGEI0 QRASUMACO$, TON TOU* 'ADIKOU
BION FASKWN 'EINAI KREITTW 'H= TON TOU* DIKAIOU. SU 'OUN
POTERW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* GLAUKWN, "AIRHI0: KAI POTERON 'ALHQESTERW$
DOKEI0 SOI4 LEGESQAI:
TON TOU* DIKAIOU 'EGWGE LUSITELESTERON BION 'EINAI.


<P 348A>
'HKOUSA$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OSA 'ARTI QRASUMACO$ 'AGAQA DIHLQEN
TW*I TOU* 'ADIKOU:
'HKOUSA, 'EFH, 'ALL' 'OU PEIQOMAI.
BOULEI 'OUN 'AUTON PEIQWMEN, 'AN2 DUNWMEQA PHI 'EXEUREIN, "W$
'OUK 'ALHQH LEGEI0:
PW*$ GAR 'OU BOULOMAI: 'H*-D'-"O$.
'AN2 MEN-TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ANTIKATATEINANTE$ LEGWMEN
'AUTWI LOGON PARA LOGON, "OSA 'AU 'AGAQA 'ECEI0 TO DIKAION
'EINAI, KAI 'AUQI$ "OUTO$, KAI 'ALLON "HMEI$, 'ARIQMEIN DEHSEI2
<P 348B>
'TAGAQA KAI METREIN "OSA "EKATEROI 'EN "EKATERWI LEGOMEN, KAI
'HDH DIKASTWN TINWN TWN DIAKRINOUNTWN DEHSOMEQA; 'AN2 DE
"WSPER 'ARTI 'ANOMOLOGOUMENOI PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ SKOPWMEN, "AMA
'AUTOI TE DIKASTAI KAI "RHTORE$ 'ESOMEQA.
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
"OPOTERW$ 'OUN SOI4, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ARESKEI0.
"OUTW$, 'EFH.
'IQI DH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* QRASUMACE, 'APOKRINAI2 "HMIN 'EX
'ARCH$. THN TELEAN 'ADIKIAN TELEA$ 'OUSH$ DIKAIOSUNH$
LUSITELESTERAN FH=I$ 'EINAI:
<P 348C>
PANU MEN-'OUN-KAI FHMI, 'EFH, KAI DI' "A, 'EIRHKA.
FERE DH, TO TOIONDE PERI= 'AUTWN PW*$ LEGEI$: TO MEN-POU
'ARETHN 'AUTOIN KALEI$0, TO DE KAKIAN:
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
'OUKOU*N THN MEN DIKAIOSUNHN 'ARETHN, THN DE 'ADIKIAN
KAKIAN:
'EIKO$ G', 'EFH, 'W* "HDISTE, 'EPEIDH GE-KAI LEGW0 'ADIKIAN MEN
LUSITELEIN, DIKAIOSUNHN D' 'OU=.
'ALLA= TI= MHN:
'TOUNANTION, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'H* THN DIKAIOSUNHN KAKIAN:
'OU=K, 'ALLA= PANU GENNAIAN 'EUHQEIAN.
<P 348D>
THN 'ADIKIAN 'A=RA KAKOHQEIAN KALEI$0:
'OU=K, 'ALL' 'EUBOULIAN, 'EFH.
'H*-KAI FRONIMOI SOI4, 'W* QRASUMACE, DOKOUSIN0 'EINAI KAI
'AGAQOI "OI 'ADIKOI:
"OI GE TELEW$, 'EFH, "OIOI-TE 'ADIKEIN, POLEI$ TE-KAI 'EQNH
DUNAMENOI 'ANQRWPWN "UF' "EAUTOU$ POIEISQAI; SU DE 'OIEI ME
'ISW$ TOU$ TA BALLANTIA 'APOTEMNONTA$ LEGEIN. LUSITELEI0
MEN-'OUN, 'H*-D'-"O$, KAI TA TOIAUTA, 'EANPER LANQANHI5; 'ESTI DE
'OUK 'A=XIA LOGOU, 'ALL' "A NUNDH 'ELEGON.
<P 348E>
TOUTO MEN, 'EFHN, 'OUK 'AGNOW0 "O= BOULEI LEGEIN, 'ALLA= TODE
'EQAUMASA, 'EI 'EN 'ARETH$ KAI SOFIA$ TIQEI*$ MEREI THN 'ADIKIAN,
THN DE DIKAIOSUNHN 'EN TOI$ 'ENANTIOI$.
'ALLA= PANU "OUTW TIQHMI.
TOUTO, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'HDH STEREWTERON, 'W* "ETAIRE, KAI 'OUKETI
"RA\DION 'ECEIN "OTI2 TI$ 'EIPHI6. 'EI GAR LUSITELEIN MEN THN
'ADIKIAN 'ETIQESO, KAKIAN MENTOI 'H= 'AISCRON 'AUTO "WMOLOGEI$
'EINAI "WSPER 'ALLOI TINE$, 'EICOMEN 'AN4 TI LEGEIN KATA TA
NOMIZOMENA LEGONTE$; NU*N DE DHLO$ 'EI* "OTI4 FHSEI$ 'AUTO KAI
KALON KAI 'ISCURON 'EINAI KAI 'TALLA 'AUTWI PANTA PROSQHSEI$


<P 349A>
"A "HMEI$ TW*I DIKAIWI PROSETIQEMEN, 'EPEIDH GE-KAI 'EN 'ARETHI
'AUTO KAI SOFIA\ 'ETOLMHSA$ QEINAI0.
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH, MANTEUHI0.
'ALL'-'OU-MENTOI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'APOKNHTEON GE TW*I LOGWI
'EPEXELQEIN SKOPOUMENON, "EW$ 'AN4 SE "UPOLAMBANW3 LEGEIN
"APER DIANOHI0. 'EMOI4 GAR DOKEI$ SU, 'W* QRASUMACE, 'ATECNW$
NU*N 'OU SKWPTEIN, 'ALLA= TA DOKOUNTA PERI= TH$ 'ALHQEIA$
LEGEIN.
TI= DE SOI4, 'EFH, TOUTO DIAFEREI0, 'EI=TE MOI DOKEI0 'EI=TE MH,
'ALL' 'OU TON LOGON 'ELEGCEI$:
<P 349B>
'OUDEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. 'ALLA= TODE MOI PEIRW5 'ETI PRO$ TOUTOI$
'APOKRINASQAI; "O DIKAIO$ TOU* DIKAIOU DOKEI0 TI SOI4 'AN4
'EQELEIN PLEON 'ECEIN:
'OUDAMW$, 'EFH; 'OU-GAR 'AN4 'H*N 'ASTEIO$, "WSPER NU*N, KAI
'EUHQH$.
TI= DE: TH$ DIKAIA$ PRAXEW$:
'OUDE TH$ DIKAIA$, 'EFH.
TOU* DE 'ADIKOU POTERON 'AXIOI3 'AN4 PLEONEKTEIN KAI "HGOITO
DIKAION 'EINAI, 'H= 'OUK 'AN4 "HGOITO:
"HGOIT' 'AN4, 'H*-D'-"O$, KAI 'AXIOI3, 'ALL' 'OUK 'AN4 DUNAITO.
'ALL' 'OU TOUTO, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ERWTW0, 'ALL' 'EI TOU* MEN
<P 349C>
DIKAIOU MH 'AXIOI0 PLEON 'ECEIN MHDE BOULETAI "O DIKAIO$, TOU*
DE 'ADIKOU:
'ALL' "OUTW$, 'EFH, 'ECEI0.
TI= DE-DH "O 'ADIKO$: 'A*RA 'AXIOI0 TOU* DIKAIOU PLEONEKTEIN KAI
TH$ DIKAIA$ PRAXEW$:
PW*$ GAR 'OU=K: 'EFH, "O$ GE PANTWN PLEON 'ECEIN 'AXIOI0:
'OUKOU*N-KAI 'ADIKOU GE 'ANQRWPOU TE-KAI PRAXEW$ "O 'ADIKO$
PLEONEKTHSEI2 KAI "AMILLHSETAI "W$ "APANTWN PLEISTON 'AUTO$
LABHI6:
'ESTI TAUTA.
"WDE DH LEGWMEN, 'EFHN; "O DIKAIO$ TOU* MEN "OMOIOU 'OU
PLEONEKTEI0, TOU* DE 'ANOMOIOU, "O DE 'ADIKO$ TOU* TE "OMOIOU KAI
<P 349D>
TOU* 'ANOMOIOU:
'ARISTA, 'EFH, 'EIRHKA$.
'ESTIN DE-GE, 'EFHN, FRONIMO$ TE-KAI 'AGAQO$ "O 'ADIKO$, "O
DE DIKAIO$ 'OUDE=TERA:
KAI TOUT', 'EFH, 'EU.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI 'EOIKE0 TW*I FRONIMWI KAI TW*I 'AGAQWI
"O 'ADIKO$, "O DE DIKAIO$ 'OUK 'EOIKEN0:
PW*$ GAR 'OU MELLEI0, 'EFH, "O TOIOUTO$ 'WN KAI 'EOIKENAI TOI$
TOIOUTOI$, "O DE MH 'EOIKENAI:
KALW$. TOIOUTO$ 'A=RA 'ESTIN "EKATERO$ 'AUTWN "OISPER
'EOIKEN0:
'ALLA= TI= MELLEI0: 'EFH.
'EIEN, 'W* QRASUMACE; MOUSIKON DE TINA LEGEI$, "ETERON DE
<P 349E>
'AMOUSON:
'EGWGE.
POTERON FRONIMON KAI POTERON 'AFRONA:
TON MEN MOUSIKON DHPOU FRONIMON, TON DE 'AMOUSON
'AFRONA.
'OUKOU*N-KAI "APER FRONIMON, 'AGAQON, "A DE 'AFRONA, KAKON:
NAI.
TI= DE 'IATRIKON: 'OUC "OUTW$:
"OUTW$.
DOKEI0 'AN4 'OUN TI$ SOI4, 'W* 'ARISTE, MOUSIKO$ 'ANHR "ARMOTTOMENO$
LURAN 'EQELEIN MOUSIKOU 'ANDRO$ 'EN THI 'EPITASEI
KAI 'ANESEI TWN CORDWN PLEONEKTEIN 'H= 'AXIOUN0 PLEON
'ECEIN:
'OUK 'EMOIGE.
TI= DE: 'AMOUSOU:
'ANAGKH, 'EFH.


<P 350A>
TI= DE 'IATRIKO$: 'EN THI 'EDWDHI 'H= POSEI 'EQELEIN 'AN4 TI
'IATRIKOU PLEONEKTEIN 'H= 'ANDRO$ 'H= PRAGMATO$:
'OU-DHTA.
MH 'IATRIKOU DE:
NAI.
PERI= PASH$ DH "ORA 'EPISTHMH$ TE-KAI 'ANEPISTHMOSUNH$
'EI TI$ SOI4 DOKEI0 'EPISTHMWN "OSTISOUN PLEIW 'AN4 'EQELEIN
"AIREISQAI 'H= "OSA 'ALLO$ 'EPISTHMWN 'H= PRATTEIN 'H= LEGEIN, KAI
'OU 'TAUTA TW*I "OMOIWI "EAUTWI 'EI$ THN 'AUTHN PRAXIN.
'ALL' 'ISW$, 'EFH, 'ANAGKH TOUTO GE "OUTW$ 'ECEIN.
TI= DE "O 'ANEPISTHMWN: 'OUCI "OMOIW$ MEN 'EPISTHMONO$
<P 350B>
PLEONEKTHSEIEN 'AN4, "OMOIW$ DE 'ANEPISTHMONO$:
'ISW$.
"O DE 'EPISTHMWN SOFO$:
FHMI.
"O DE SOFO$ 'AGAQO$:
FHMI.
"O 'A=RA 'AGAQO$ TE-KAI SOFO$ TOU* MEN "OMOIOU 'OUK 'EQELHSEI2
PLEONEKTEIN, TOU* DE 'ANOMOIOU TE-KAI 'ENANTIOU.
'EOIKEN0, 'EFH.
"O DE KAKO$ TE-KAI 'AMAQH$ TOU* TE "OMOIOU KAI TOU*
'ENANTIOU.
FAINETAI.
'OUKOU*N, 'W* QRASUMACE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "O 'ADIKO$ "HMIN TOU*
'ANOMOIOU TE-KAI "OMOIOU PLEONEKTEI0: 'H= 'OUC "OUTW$ 'ELEGE$:
'EGWGE, 'EFH.
<P 350C>
"O DE-GE DIKAIO$ TOU* MEN "OMOIOU 'OU PLEONEKTHSEI2, TOU* DE
'ANOMOIOU:
NAI.
'EOIKEN0 'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "O MEN DIKAIO$ TW*I SOFWI KAI
'AGAQWI, "O DE 'ADIKO$ TW*I KAKWI KAI 'AMAQEI.
KINDUNEUEI0.
'ALLA=-MHN "WMOLOGOUMEN, "WI GE "OMOIO$ "EKATERO$ 'EIH,
TOIOUTON KAI "EKATERON 'EINAI.
"WMOLOGOUMEN GAR.
"O MEN-'A=RA DIKAIO$ "HMIN 'ANAPEFANTAI 'WN 'AGAQO$ TE-KAI
SOFO$, "O DE 'ADIKO$ 'AMAQH$ TE-KAI KAKO$.
"O DH QRASUMACO$ "WMOLOGHSE MEN PANTA TAUTA, 'OUC
<P 350D>
"W$ 'EGW NU*N "RA\DIW$ LEGW0, 'ALL' "ELKOMENO$ KAI MOGI$, META
"IDRWTO$ QAUMASTOU "OSOU, "ATE KAI QEROU$ 'ONTO$ % TO=TE KAI
'EIDON 'EGW, PROTERON DE 'OUPW, QRASUMACON 'ERUQRIWNTA %
'EPEIDH DE-'OUN DIWMOLOGHSAMEQA THN DIKAIOSUNHN 'ARETHN
'EINAI KAI SOFIAN, THN DE 'ADIKIAN KAKIAN TE-KAI 'AMAQIAN,
'EIEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TOUTO MEN "HMIN "OUTW KEISQW, 'EFAMEN DE-DH-KAI
'ISCURON 'EINAI THN 'ADIKIAN. 'H= 'OU MEMNHSAI, 'W*
QRASUMACE:
MEMNHMAI, 'EFH; 'ALL' 'EMOIGE 'OUDE "A NU*N LEGEI$ 'ARESKEI0,
KAI 'ECW0 PERI= 'AUTWN LEGEIN. 'EI 'OUN LEGOIMI, 'EU 'OID' "OTI4
<P 350E>
DHMHGOREIN 'AN4 ME FAIH$. 'H= 'OUN 'EA ME 'EIPEIN "OSA BOULOMAI,
'H=, 'EI BOULEI 'ERWTAN, 'ERWTA; 'EGW DE SOI4, "WSPER TAI$ GRAUSIN
TAI$ TOU$ MUQOU$ LEGOUSAI$, 'EIEN 'ERW2 KAI KATANEUSOMAI
KAI 'ANANEUSOMAI.
MHDAMW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PARA GE THN SAUTOU DOXAN.
"WSTE SOI4, 'EFH, 'ARESKEIN, 'EPEIDHPER 'OUK 'EA*I$0 LEGEIN.
KAITOI TI= 'ALLO BOULEI:
'OUDEN MA DI=A, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ALL' 'EIPER TOUTO POIHSEI$,
POIEI5; 'EGW DE 'ERWTHSW2.
'ERWTA DH.
TOUTO TOINUN 'ERWTW0, "OPER 'ARTI, "INA KAI "EXH$ DIASKEYWMEQA


<P 351A>
TON LOGON, "OPOION TI TUGCANEI0 'ON DIKAIOSUNH PRO$
'ADIKIAN. 'ELECQH GAR-POU "OTI4 KAI DUNATWTERON KAI 'ISCUROTERON
'EIH 'ADIKIA DIKAIOSUNH$; NU*N DE-G', 'EFHN, 'EIPER SOFIA
TE-KAI 'ARETH 'ESTIN DIKAIOSUNH, "RA\DIW$ 'OIMAI FANHSETAI KAI
'ISCUROTERON 'ADIKIA$, 'EPEIDHPER 'ESTIN 'AMAQIA "H 'ADIKIA %
'OUDEI$ 'AN4 'ETI TOUTO 'AGNOHSEIEN % 'ALL' 'OU TI "OUTW$ "APLW$,
'W* QRASUMACE, 'EGWGE 'EPIQUMW0, 'ALLA= THIDE PHI SKEYASQAI;
<P 351B>
POLIN FAIH$ 'AN4 'ADIKON 'EINAI KAI 'ALLA$ POLEI$ 'EPICEIREIN
DOULOUSQAI 'ADIKW$ KAI KATADEDOULWSQAI, POLLA$ DE-KAI
"UF' "EAUTHI 'ECEIN DOULWSAMENHN:
PW*$ GAR 'OU=K: 'EFH. KAI TOUTO GE "H 'ARISTH MALISTA
POIHSEI2 KAI TELEWTATA 'OUSA 'ADIKO$.
MANQANW0, 'EFHN, "OTI4 SO$ "OUTO$ 'H*N "O LOGO$. 'ALLA= TODE
PERI= 'AUTOU4 SKOPW0; POTERON "H KREITTWN GIGNOMENH POLI$
POLEW$ 'ANEU DIKAIOSUNH$ THN DUNAMIN TAUTHN "EXEI2, 'H= 'ANAGKH
'AUTHI META DIKAIOSUNH$:
<P 351C>
'EI MEN, 'EFH, "W$ SU 'ARTI 'ELEGE$ 'ECEI0 % "H DIKAIOSUNH
SOFIA % META DIKAIOSUNH$; 'EI D' "W$ 'EGW 'ELEGON, META
'ADIKIA$.
PANU 'AGAMAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* QRASUMACE, "OTI4 'OUK 'EPINEUEI$
MONON KAI 'ANANEUEI$, 'ALLA=-KAI 'APOKRINHI0 PANU KALW$.
SOI4 GAR, 'EFH, CARIZOMAI.
'EU GE SU POIW*N; 'ALLA=-DH-KAI TODE MOI CARISAI KAI LEGE;
DOKEI$ 'AN4 'H= POLIN 'H= STRATOPEDON 'H= LHISTA$ 'H= KLEPTA$ 'H=
'ALLO TI 'EQNO$, "OSA KOINHI 'EPI TI 'ERCETAI 'ADIKW$, PRAXAI0 'AN4
TI DUNASQAI, 'EI 'ADIKOIEN 'ALLHLOU$:
<P 351D>
'OU-DHTA, 'H*-D'-"O$.
TI= D' 'EI MH 'ADIKOIEN: 'OU MALLON:
PANU GE.
STASEI$ GAR-POU, 'W* QRASUMACE, "H GE 'ADIKIA KAI MISH
KAI MACA$ 'EN 'ALLHLOI$ PARECEI0, "H DE DIKAIOSUNH "OMONOIAN
KAI FILIAN; 'H*-GAR:
'ESTW, 'H*-D'-"O$, "INA SOI4 MH DIAFERWMAI.
'ALL' 'EU GE SU POIW*N, 'W* 'ARISTE. TODE DE MOI LEGE;
'A*RA 'EI TOUTO 'ERGON 'ADIKIA$, MISO$ 'EMPOIEIN "OPOU 'AN 'ENHI, 'OU-KAI
'EN 'ELEUQEROI$ TE-KAI DOULOI$ 'EGGIGNOMENH MISEIN POIHSEI2
'ALLHLOU$ KAI STASIAZEIN KAI 'ADUNATOU$ 'EINAI KOINHI MET'
<P 351E>
'ALLHLWN PRATTEIN:
PANU GE.
TI= DE 'AN2 'EN DUOIN 'EGGENHTAI: 'OU DIOISONTAI KAI MISHSOUSIN2
KAI 'ECQROI 'ESONTAI 'ALLHLOI$ TE-KAI TOI$ DIKAIOI$:
'ESONTAI, 'EFH.
'EA=N DE-DH, 'W* QAUMASIE, 'EN "ENI 'EGGENHTAI 'ADIKIA, MWN
MH 'APOLEI2 THN "AUTH$ DUNAMIN, 'H= 'OUDEN "HTTON "EXEI2:
MHDEN "HTTON 'ECETW, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N TOIANDE TINA FAINETAI 'ECOUSA THN DUNAMIN, "OIAN, "WI
'AN4 'EGGENHTAI, 'EI=TE POLEI TINI 'EI=TE GENEI 'EI=TE STRATOPEDWI 'EI=TE


<P 352A>
'ALLWI "OTWIOUN, PRWTON MEN 'ADUNATON 'AUTO POIEIN PRATTEIN MEQ'
"AUTOU DIA= TO STASIAZEIN KAI DIAFERESQAI, 'ETI D' 'ECQRON 'EINAI
"EAUTWI TE-KAI TW*I 'ENANTIWI PANTI KAI TW*I DIKAIWI: 'OUC "OUTW$:
PANU GE.
KAI 'EN "ENI DH 'OIMAI 'ENOUSA 'TAUTA TAUTA POIHSEI2 "APER
PEFUKEN0 'ERGAZESQAI; PRWTON MEN 'ADUNATON 'AUTON PRATTEIN
POIHSEI2 STASIAZONTA KAI 'OUC "OMONOOUNTA 'AUTON "EAUTWI,
'EPEITA 'ECQRON KAI "EAUTWI KAI TOI$ DIKAIOI$; 'H*-GAR:
NAI.
DIKAIOI DE-G' 'EISIN, 'W* FILE, KAI "OI QEOI:
'ESTW, 'EFH.
<P 352B>
KAI QEOI$ 'A=RA 'ECQRO$ 'ESTAI "O 'ADIKO$, 'W* QRASUMACE, "O
DE DIKAIO$ FILO$.
'EUWCOU TOU* LOGOU, 'EFH, QARRWN; 'OU-GAR 'EGWGE SOI4
'ENANTIWSOMAI, "INA MH TOISDE 'APECQWMAI.
'IQI DH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI TA LOIPA MOI TH$ "ESTIASEW$ 'APOPLHRWSON2
'APOKRINOMENO$ "WSPER KAI NU*N. "OTI4 MEN-GAR-KAI
SOFWTEROI KAI 'AMEINOU$ KAI DUNATWTEROI PRATTEIN "OI DIKAIOI
FAINONTAI, "OI DE 'ADIKOI 'OUDE PRATTEIN MET' 'ALLHLWN "OIOI-TE %
<P 352C>
'ALLA=-DH-KAI "OU$ FAMEN 'ERRWMENW$ PWPOTE TI MET'
'ALLHLWN KOINHI PRAXAI0 'ADIKOU$ 'ONTA$, TOUTO 'OU PANTAPASIN
'ALHQE$ LEGOMEN; 'OU-GAR 'AN4 'APEICONTO 'ALLHLWN KOMIDHI
'ONTE$ 'ADIKOI, 'ALLA= DHLON "OTI4 'ENHN TI$ 'AUTOI$ DIKAIOSUNH,
"H= 'AUTOU$ 'EPOIEI MHTOI-KAI 'ALLHLOU$ GE-KAI 'EF' "OU$ 'HISAN
"AMA 'ADIKEIN, DI' "HN 'EPRAXAN "A 'EPRAXAN, "WRMHSAN DE 'EPI
TA 'ADIKA 'ADIKIA\ "HMIMOCQHROI 'ONTE$, 'EPEI "OI GE PAMPONHROI
KAI TELEW$ 'ADIKOI TELEW$ 'EISI KAI PRATTEIN 'ADUNATOI % TAUTA
<P 352D>
MEN-'OUN "OTI4 "OUTW$ 'ECEI0 MANQANW0, 'ALL' 'OUC "W$ SU TO PRWTON
'ETIQESO; 'EI DE-KAI 'AMEINON ZWSIN0 "OI DIKAIOI TWN 'ADIKWN KAI
'EUDAIMONESTEROI 'EISIN, "OPER TO "USTERON PROUQEMEQA SKEYASQAI,
SKEPTEON. FAINONTAI MEN-'OUN-KAI NU*N, "W$ GE MOI DOKEI0, 'EX
"WN 'EIRHKAMEN; "OMW$ D' 'ETI BELTION SKEPTEON. 'OU-GAR PERI= TOU*
'EPITUCONTO$ "O LOGO$, 'ALLA= PERI= TOU* "ONTINA TROPON CRH ZHN.
SKOPEI5 DH, 'EFH.
SKOPW0, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. KAI MOI LEGE; DOKEI0 TI SOI4 'EINAI
"IPPOU 'ERGON:
<P 352E>
'EMOIGE.
'A*R'-'OUN TOUTO 'AN4 QEIH$ KAI "IPPOU KAI 'ALLOU "OTOUOUN
'ERGON, "O= 'AN4 'H= MONWI 'EKEINWI POIHI5 TI$ 'H= 'ARISTA:
'OU MANQANW0, 'EFH.
'ALL' "WDE; 'ESQ' "OTWI 'AN4 'ALLWI 'IDOI$ 'H= 'OFQALMOI$:
'OU-DHTA.
TI= DE: 'AKOUSAI$ 'ALLWI 'H= 'WSIN:
'OUDAMW$.
'OUKOU*N DIKAIW$ 'AN84 TAUTA TOUTWN FAMEN 'ERGA 'EINAI:
PANU GE.


<P 353A>
TI= DE: MACAIRA\ 'AN4 'AMPELOU KLHMA 'APOTEMOI$ KAI SMILHI
KAI 'ALLOI$ POLLOI$:
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
'ALL' 'OUDENI G' 'AN4 'OIMAI "OUTW KALW$ "W$ DREPANWI TW*I 'EPI
TOUTWI 'ERGASQENTI.
'ALHQH.
'A*R'-'OUN 'OU TOUTO TOUTOU 'ERGON QHSOMEN:
QHSOMEN MEN-'OUN.
NU*N DH 'OIMAI 'AMEINON 'AN4 MAQOI$ "O= 'ARTI 'HRWTWN, PUNQANOMENO$
'EI 'OU TOUTO "EKASTOU 'EIH 'ERGON "O= 'AN4 'H= MONON TI 'H=
KALLISTA TWN 'ALLWN 'APERGAZHTAI.
'ALLA=, 'EFH, MANQANW0 TE-KAI MOI DOKEI0 TOUTO "EKASTOU
<P 353B>
PRAGMATO$ 'ERGON 'EINAI.
'EIEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'ARETH DOKEI0 SOI4 'EINAI
"EKASTWI "WIPER KAI 'ERGON TI PROSTETAKTAI: 'IWMEN DE 'EPI TA
'AUTA PALIN; 'OFQALMWN, FAMEN, 'ESTI TI 'ERGON:
'ESTIN.
'A*R'-'OUN-KAI 'ARETH 'OFQALMWN 'ESTIN:
KAI 'ARETH.
TI= DE: 'WTWN 'H*N TI 'ERGON:
NAI.
'OUKOU*N-KAI 'ARETH:
KAI 'ARETH.
TI= DE PANTWN PE=RI TWN 'ALLWN: 'OUC "OUTW:
"OUTW.
'ECE DH; 'A*R' 'AN4 POTE 'OMMATA TO "AUTWN 'ERGON KALW$
<P 353C>
'APERGASAINTO MH 'ECONTA THN "AUTWN 'OIKEIAN 'ARETHN, 'ALL'
'ANTI TH$ 'ARETH$ KAKIAN:
KAI PW*$ 'AN4: 'EFH; TUFLOTHTA GAR 'ISW$ LEGEI$ 'ANTI TH$
'OYEW$.
"HTI$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'AUTWN "H 'ARETH; 'OU-GAR-PW TOUTO
'ERWTW0, 'ALL' 'EI THI 'OIKEIA\ MEN 'ARETHI TO "AUTWN 'ERGON 'EU
'ERGASETAI TA 'ERGAZOMENA, KAKIA\ DE KAKW$.
'ALHQE$, 'EFH, TOUTO GE LEGEI$.
'OUKOU*N-KAI 'WTA STEROMENA TH$ "AUTWN 'ARETH$ KAKW$ TO
"AUTWN 'ERGON 'APERGASETAI:
PANU GE.
<P 353D>
TIQEMEN 'OUN-KAI 'TALLA PANTA 'EI$ TON 'AUTON LOGON:
'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
'IQI DH, META TAUTA TODE SKEYAI. YUCH$ 'ESTIN TI 'ERGON
"O= 'ALLWI TWN 'ONTWN0 'OUD' 'AN4 "ENI PRAXAI$, "OION TO TOIONDE; TO
'EPIMELEISQAI KAI 'ARCEIN KAI BOULEUESQAI KAI TA TOIAUTA
PANTA, 'ESQ' "OTWI 'ALLWI 'H= YUCHI DIKAIW$ 'AN4 'AUTA 'APODOIMEN
KAI FAIMEN 'I=DIA 'EKEINH$ 'EINAI:
'OUDENI 'ALLWI.
TI= D' 'AU TO ZHN: 'OU YUCH$ FHSOMEN 'ERGON 'EINAI:
MALISTA G', 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N-KAI 'ARETHN FAMEN TINA YUCH$ 'EINAI:
FAMEN.
<P 353E>
'A*R'-'OUN POTE, 'W* QRASUMACE, YUCH TA "AUTH$ 'ERGA 'EU
'APERGASETAI STEROMENH TH$ 'OIKEIA$ 'ARETH$, 'H= 'ADUNATON:
'ADUNATON.
'ANAGKH 'A=RA KAKHI YUCHI KAKW$ 'ARCEIN KAI 'EPIMELEISQAI,
THI DE 'AGAQHI PANTA TAUTA 'EU PRATTEIN.
'ANAGKH.
'OUKOU*N 'ARETHN GE SUNECWRHSAMEN YUCH$ 'EINAI DIKAIOSUNHN,
KAKIAN DE 'ADIKIAN:
SUNECWRHSAMEN GAR.
"H MEN-'A=RA DIKAI=A YUCH KAI "O DIKAIO$ 'ANHR 'EU BIWSETAI,
KAKW$ DE "O 'ADIKO$.
FAINETAI, 'EFH, KATA TON SON LOGON.


<P 354A>
'ALLA=-MHN "O GE 'EU ZWN MAKARIO$ TE-KAI 'EUDAIMWN, "O DE MH
'TANANTIA.
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
"O MEN DIKAIO$ 'A=RA 'EUDAIMWN, "O D' 'ADIKO$ 'AQLIO$.
'ESTW, 'EFH.
'ALLA=-MHN 'AQLION GE 'EINAI 'OU LUSITELEI0, 'EUDAIMONA DE.
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
'OUDEPOT' 'A=RA, 'W* MAKARIE QRASUMACE, LUSITELESTERON
'ADIKIA DIKAIOSUNH$.
TAUTA DH SOI4, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, "EISTIASQW 'EN TOI$
BENDIDIOI$.
"UPO SOU4 GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* QRASUMACE, 'EPEIDH MOI PRA*IO$
'EGENOU KAI CALEPAINWN 'EPAUSW. 'OU-MENTOI KALW$ GE
<P 354B>
"EISTIAMAI, DI' 'EMAUTON 'ALL' 'OU DIA= SE; 'ALL' "WSPER "OI
LICNOI TOU* 'AEI PARAFEROMENOU 'APOGEUONTAI "ARPAZONTE$, PRIN
TOU* PROTEROU METRIW$ 'APOLAUSAI0, KAI 'EGW MOI DOKW0 "OUTW,
PRIN "O= TO PRWTON 'ESKOPOUMEN "EUREIN, TO DIKAION "OTI2 POT'
'ESTIN, 'AFEMENO$ 'EKEINOU "ORMHSAI0 'EPI TO SKEYASQAI PERI=
'AUTOU4 'EI=TE KAKIA 'ESTIN KAI 'AMAQIA, 'EI=TE SOFIA KAI 'ARETH, KAI
'EMPESONTO$ 'AU "USTERON LOGOU, "OTI4 LUSITELESTERON "H 'ADIKIA
TH$ DIKAIOSUNH$, 'OUK 'APESCOMHN TO MH 'OUK 'EPI TOUTO 'ELQEIN
'AP' 'EKEINOU, "WSTE MOI NUNI GEGONEN0 'EK TOU* DIALOGOU MHDEN
<P 354C>
'EIDENAI; "OPOTE GAR TO DIKAION MH 'OIDA "O= 'ESTIN, SCOLHI 'EISOMAI
'EI=TE 'ARETH TI$ 'OUSA TUGCANEI0 'EI=TE KAI 'OU=, KAI POTERON "O 'ECWN
'AUTO 'OUK 'EUDAIMWN 'ESTIN 'H= 'EUDAIMWN.


<B REP2>


<P 357A>
'EGW MEN-'OUN TAUTA 'EIPWN 'WIMHN LOGOU 'APHLLACQAI; TO
D' 'H*N 'A=RA, "W$ 'EOIKE0, PROOIMION. "O GAR GLAUKWN 'AEI TE-DH
'ANDREIOTATO$ 'WN TUGCANEI0 PRO$ "APANTA, KAI-DH-KAI TO=TE TOU*
QRASUMACOU THN 'APORRHSIN 'OUK 'APEDEXATO, 'ALL' 'EFH; 'W*
SWKRATE$, POTERON "HMA$ BOULEI DOKEIN PEPEIKENAI 'H= "W$
<P 357B>
'ALHQW$ PEISAI0 "OTI4 PANTI TROPWI 'AMEINON 'ESTIN DIKAION 'EINAI
'H= 'ADIKON:
"W$ 'ALHQW$, 'EIPON, 'EGWG' 'AN4 "ELOIMHN, 'EI 'EP' 'EMOI4 'EIH.
'OU-TOINUN, 'EFH, POIEI$ "O= BOULEI. LEGE GAR MOI; 'A*RA SOI4
DOKEI0 TOIONDE TI 'EINAI 'AGAQON, "O= DEXAIMEQ' 'AN4 'ECEIN 'OU TWN
'APOBAINONTWN0 'EFIEMENOI, 'ALL' 'AUTO "AUTOU "ENEKA 'ASPAZOMENOI,
"OION TO CAIREIN KAI "AI "HDONAI "OSAI 'ABLABEI$ KAI MHDEN 'EI$ TON
'EPEITA CRONON DIA= TAUTA$ GIGNETAI 'ALLO 'H= CAIREIN 'ECONTA:
'EMOIGE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DOKEI0 TI 'EINAI TOIOUTON.
<P 357C>
TI= DE: "O= 'AUTO TE "AUTOU CARIN 'AGAPWMEN0 KAI TWN 'AP'
'AUTOU4 GIGNOMENWN, "OION 'AU TO FRONEIN KAI TO "ORAN KAI TO
"UGIAINEIN: TA GAR TOIAUTA POU DI' 'AMFO=TERA 'ASPAZOMEQA.
NAI, 'EIPON.
TRITON DE "ORA*I$0 TI, 'EFH, 'EIDO$ 'AGAQOU, 'EN "WI TO GUMNAZESQAI
KAI TO KAMNONTA 'IATREUESQAI KAI 'IATREUSI$ TE-KAI "O 'ALLO$
CRHMATISMO$: TAUTA GAR 'EPIPONA FAIMEN 'AN4, 'WFELEIN DE
"HMA$, KAI 'AUTA MEN "EAUTWN "ENEKA 'OUK 'AN4 DEXAIMEQA 'ECEIN,
<P 357D>
TWN DE MISQWN TE CARIN KAI TWN 'ALLWN "OSA GIGNETAI 'AP'
'AUTWN.
'ESTIN GAR-'OUN, 'EFHN, KAI TOUTO TRITON. 'ALLA= TI= DH:
'EN POI=WI, 'EFH, TOUTWN THN DIKAIOSUNHN TIQEI*$:


<P 358A>
'EGW MEN 'OIMAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EN TW*I KALLISTWI, "O= KAI DI' "AUTO
KAI DIA= TA GIGNOMENA 'AP' 'AUTOU4 'AGAPHTEON TW*I MELLONTI
MAKARIWI 'ESESQAI.
'OU-TOINUN DOKEI0, 'EFH, TOI$ POLLOI$, 'ALLA= TOU* 'EPIPONOU
'EIDOU$, "O= MISQWN Q' "ENEKA KAI 'EUDOKIMHSEWN DIA= DOXAN
'EPITHDEUTEON, 'AUTO DE DI' "AUTO FEUKTEON "W$ 'ON CALEPON.
'OIDA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OTI4 DOKEI0 "OUTW KAI PALAI "UPO QRASUMACOU
"W$ TOIOUTON 'ON YEGETAI, 'ADIKIA D' 'EPAINEITAI; 'ALL'
'EGW TI$, "W$ 'EOIKE0, DUSMAQH$.
<P 358B>
'IQI DH, 'EFH, 'AKOUSON2 KAI 'EMOU4, 'EA=N SOI4 'ETI 'TAUTA DOKHI5.
QRASUMACO$ GAR MOI FAINETAI PRWIAITERON TOU* DEONTO$ "UPO
SOU4 "WSPER 'OFI$ KHLHQHNAI, 'EMOI4 DE 'OUPW KATA NOUN "H 'APODEIXI$
GEGONEN0 PERI= "EKATEROU; 'EPIQUMW0 GAR 'AKOUSAI0 TI= T' 'ESTIN
"EKATERON KAI TI=NA 'ECEI0 DUNAMIN 'AUTO KAQ' "AUTO 'ENON 'EN THI
YUCHI, TOU$ DE MISQOU$ KAI TA GIGNOMENA 'AP' 'AUTWN 'EASAI0
CAIREIN. "OUTWSI 'OUN POIHSW2, 'EA=N KAI SOI4 DOKHI5; 'EPANANEWSOMAI
<P 358C>
TON QRASUMACOU LOGON, KAI PRWTON MEN 'ERW2 DIKAIOSUNHN
"OION 'EINAI FASIN0 KAI "OQEN GEGONENAI, DEUTERON DE "OTI4
PANTE$ 'AUTO "OI 'EPITHDEUONTE$ 'AKONTE$ 'EPITHDEUOUSIN0 "W$ 'ANAGKAION
'ALL' 'OUC "W$ 'AGAQON, TRITON DE "OTI4 'EIKOTW$ 'AUTO DRWSI0;
POLU GAR 'AMEINWN 'A=RA "O TOU* 'ADIKOU 'H= "O TOU* DIKAIOU BIO$,
"W$ LEGOUSIN0. 'EPEI 'EMOIGE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OU TI DOKEI0 "OUTW$;
'APORW0 MENTOI DIATEQRULHMENO$ TA 'WTA 'AKOUWN QRASUMACOU
KAI MURIWN 'ALLWN, TON DE "UPER TH$ DIKAIOSUNH$ LOGON, "W$
<P 358D>
'AMEINON 'ADIKIA$, 'OUDENO$ PW 'AKHKOA "W$ BOULOMAI % BOULOMAI
DE 'AUTO KAQ' "AUTO 'EGKWMIAZOMENON 'AKOUSAI0 % MALISTA D'
'OIMAI 'AN4 SOU4 PUQESQAI. DIO KATATEINA$ 'ERW2 TON 'ADIKON BION
'EPAINWN, 'EIPWN DE 'ENDEIXOMAI SOI4 "ON TROPON 'AU BOULOMAI
KAI SOU4 'AKOUEIN 'ADIKIAN MEN YEGONTO$, DIKAIOSUNHN DE 'EPAINOUNTO$.
'ALL' "ORA 'EI SOI4 BOULOMENWI "A LEGW0.
PANTWN MALISTA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; PERI= GAR TI=NO$ 'AN4 MALLON
POLLAKI$ TI$ NOUN 'ECWN CAIROI LEGWN KAI 'AKOUWN:
<P 358E>
KALLISTA, 'EFH, LEGEI$; KAI "O= PRWTON 'EFHN 'EREIN2, PERI=
TOUTOU 'AKOUE, TI= 'ON TE-KAI "OQEN GEGONE0 DIKAIOSUNH.
PEFUKENAI GAR-DH FASIN0 TO MEN 'ADIKEIN 'AGAQON, TO DE
'ADIKEISQAI KAKON, PLEONI DE KAKWI "UPERBALLEIN TO 'ADIKEISQAI
'H= 'AGAQWI TO 'ADIKEIN, "WST' 'EPEIDAN 'ALLHLOU$ 'ADIKWSI TE-KAI
'ADIKWNTAI KAI 'AMFOTERWN GEUWNTAI, TOI$ MH DUNAMENOI$ TO


<P 359A>
MEN 'EKFEUGEIN TO DE "AIREIN DOKEI0 LUSITELEIN SUNQESQAI
'ALLHLOI$ MHT' 'ADIKEIN MHT' 'ADIKEISQAI; KAI 'ENTEUQEN DH
'ARXASQAI NOMOU$ TIQESQAI KAI SUNQHKA$ "AUTWN, KAI 'ONOMASAI0
TO "UPO TOU* NOMOU 'EPITAGMA NOMIMON TE-KAI DIKAION; KAI 'EINAI
DH TAUTHN GENESIN TE-KAI 'OUSIAN DIKAIOSUNH$, METAXU 'OUSAN
TOU* MEN 'ARISTOU 'ONTO$, 'EA=N 'ADIKWN MH DIDWI0 DIKHN, TOU* DE
KAKISTOU, 'EA=N 'ADIKOUMENO$ TIMWREISQAI 'ADUNATO$ 'HI; TO DE
DIKAION 'EN MESWI 'ON TOUTWN 'AMFOTERWN 'AGAPASQAI 'OUC "W$
<P 359B>
'AGAQON, 'ALL' "W$ 'ARRWSTIA\ TOU* 'ADIKEIN TIMWMENON; 'EPEI TON
DUNAMENON 'AUTO POIEIN KAI "W$ 'ALHQW$ 'ANDRA 'OUD' 'AN4 "ENI POTE
SUNQESQAI TO MHTE 'ADIKEIN MHTE 'ADIKEISQAI; MAINESQAI GAR
'AN4. "H MEN-'OUN-DH FUSI$ DIKAIOSUNH$, 'W* SWKRATE$, "AU=TH TE-KAI
TOIAUTH, KAI 'EX "WN PEFUKE0 TOIAUTA, "W$ "O LOGO$.
"W$ DE-KAI "OI 'EPITHDEUONTE$ 'ADUNAMIA\ TOU* 'ADIKEIN 'AKONTE$
'AUTO 'EPITHDEUOUSI0, MALIST' 'AN4 'AISQOIMEQA, 'EI TOIONDE POIHSAIMEN
<P 359C>
THI DIANOIA\; DONTE$ 'EXOUSIAN "EKATERWI POIEIN "OTI2 'AN4
BOULHTAI, TW*I TE DIKAIWI KAI TW*I 'ADIKWI, 'EI*T' 'EPAKOLOUQHSAIMEN
QEWMENOI POI* "H 'EPIQUMIA "EKATERON 'AXEI2. 'EP' 'AUTOFWRWI 'OUN
LABOIMEN 'AN4 TON DIKAION TW*I 'ADIKWI 'EI$ 'TAUTON 'IONTA DIA= THN
PLEONEXIAN, "O= PASA FUSI$ DIWKEIN PEFUKEN0 "W$ 'AGAQON, NOMWI
DE BIA\ PARAGETAI 'EPI THN TOU* 'ISOU TIMHN. 'EIH D' 'AN4 "H
'EXOUSIA "HN LEGW0 TOIADE MALISTA, 'EI 'AUTOI$ GENOITO "OIAN
<P 359D>
POTE FASIN0 DUNAMIN TW*I GUGOU8 TOU* LUDOU PROGONWI GENESQAI.
'EINAI MEN-GAR 'AUTON POIMENA QHTEUONTA PARA TW*I TO=TE LUDIA$
'ARCONTI, 'OMBROU DE POLLOU GENOMENOU KAI SEISMOU "RAGHNAI
TI TH$ GH$ KAI GENESQAI CASMA KATA TON TOPON "HI 'ENEMEN.
'IDONTA DE-KAI QAUMASANTA KATABHNAI0 KAI 'IDEIN 'A=LLA TE-DH
"A MUQOLOGOUSIN0 QAUMASTA KAI "IPPON CALKOUN, KOILON, QURIDA$
'ECONTA, KAQ' "A$ 'EGKUYANTA 'IDEIN 'ENONTA NEKRON, "W$ FAINESQAI
MEIZW 'H= KAT' 'ANQRWPON, TOUTON DE 'ALLO MEN 'OUDEN, PERI= DE
<P 359E>
THI CEIRI CRUSOUN DAKTULION 'ONTA7 PERIELOMENON 'EKBHNAI0.
SULLOGOU DE GENOMENOU TOI$ POIMESIN 'EIWQOTO$, "IN' 'EXAGGELLOIEN
KATA MHNA TW*I BASILEI TA PERI= TA POIMNIA, 'AFIKESQAI
KAI 'EKEINON 'ECONTA TON DAKTULION; KAQHMENON 'OUN META TWN
'ALLWN TUCEIN THN SFENDONHN TOU* DAKTULIOU PERIAGAGONTA
PRO$ "EAUTON 'EI$ TO 'EISW TH$ CEIRO$, TOUTOU DE GENOMENOU


<P 360A>
'AFANH 'AUTON GENESQAI TOI$ PARAKAQHMENOI$, KAI DIALEGESQAI
"W$ PERI= 'OICOMENOU. KAI TON QAUMAZEIN TE-KAI PALIN 'EPIYHLAFWNTA
TON DAKTULION STREYAI0 'EXW THN SFENDONHN, KAI
STREYANTA FANERON GENESQAI. KAI TOUTO 'ENNOHSANTA 'APOPEIRASQAI
TOU* DAKTULIOU 'EI TAUTHN 'ECOI THN DUNAMIN, KAI 'AUTWI
"OUTW SUMBAINEIN, STREFONTI MEN 'EISW THN SFENDONHN 'ADHLWI
GIGNESQAI, 'EXW DE DHLWI; 'AISQOMENON DE 'EUQU$ DIAPRAXASQAI
TWN 'AGGELWN GENESQAI TWN PARA TON BASILEA, 'ELQONTA
<P 360B>
DE-KAI THN GUNAIKA 'AUTOU4 MOICEUSANTA, MET' 'EKEINH$ 'EPIQEMENON
TW*I BASILEI 'APOKTEINAI0 KAI THN 'ARCHN "OUTW KATASCEIN.
'EI 'OUN DUO TOIOUTW DAKTULIW GENOISQHN, KAI TON MEN "O DIKAIO$
PERIQEITO, TON DE "O 'ADIKO$, 'OUDEI$ 'AN4 GENOITO, "W$ DOXEIEN,
"OUTW$ 'ADAMANTINO$, "O$ 'AN4 MEINEIEN 'EN THI DIKAIOSUNHI KAI
TOLMHSEIEN 'APECESQAI TWN 'ALLOTRIWN KAI MH "APTESQAI, 'EXON
'AUTWI KAI 'EK TH$ 'AGORA$ 'ADEW$ "OTI2 BOULOITO LAMBANEIN,
<P 360C>
KAI 'EISIONTI 'EI$ TA$ 'OIKIA$ SUGGIGNESQAI "OTWI BOULOITO, KAI
'APOKTEINUNAI KAI 'EK DESMWN LUEIN "OUSTINA$ BOULOITO, KAI
'TALLA PRATTEIN 'EN TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ 'ISOQEON 'ONTA. "OUTW DE
DRWN 'OUDEN 'AN4 DIAFORON TOU* "ETEROU POIOI*, 'ALL' 'EPI 'TAUT' 'AN4
'IOIEN 'AMFOTEROI. KAITOI MEGA TOUTO TEKMHRION 'AN4 FAIH TI$
"OTI4 'OUDEI$ "EKWN DIKAIO$ 'ALL' 'ANAGKAZOMENO$, "W$ 'OUK 'AGAQOU
'IDIA\ 'ONTO$, 'EPEI "OPOU G' 'AN4 'OIHTAI "EKASTO$ "OIO$-TE-'ESESQAI
'ADIKEIN, 'ADIKEIN. LUSITELEIN GAR-DH 'OIETAI PA$ 'ANHR POLU
<P 360D>
MALLON 'IDIA\ THN 'ADIKIAN TH$ DIKAIOSUNH$, 'ALHQH 'OIOMENO$,
"W$ FHSEI2 "O PERI= TOU* TOIOUTOU LOGOU LEGWN; 'EPEI 'EI TI$
TOIAUTH$ 'EXOUSIA$ 'EPILABOMENO$ MHDEN POTE 'EQELOI 'ADIKHSAI0
MHDE "AYAITO TWN 'ALLOTRIWN, 'AQLIWTATO$ MEN 'AN4 DOXEIEN
'EINAI TOI$ 'AISQANOMENOI$ KAI 'ANOHTOTATO$, 'EPAINOIEN D' 'AN4
'AUTON 'ALLHLWN 'ENANTION 'EXAPATWNTE$ 'ALLHLOU$ DIA= TON TOU*
'ADIKEISQAI FOBON. TAUTA MEN-'OUN-DH "OUTW.
<P 360E>
THN DE KRISIN 'AUTHN TOU* BIOU PE=RI "WN LEGOMEN, 'EA=N
DIASTHSWMEQA TON TE DIKAIOTATON KAI TON 'ADIKWTATON, "OIOI-T'-'ESOMEQA
KRINAI0 'ORQW$; 'EI DE MH, 'OU=. TI=$ 'OUN-DH "H DIASTASI$:
"HDE; MHDEN 'AFAIRWMEN MHTE TOU* 'ADIKOU 'APO TH$ 'ADIKIA$, MHTE
TOU* DIKAIOU 'APO TH$ DIKAIOSUNH$, 'ALLA= TELEON "EKATERON 'EI$
TO "EAUTOU 'EPITHDEUMA TIQWMEN. PRWTON MEN-'OUN "O 'ADIKO$
"WSPER "OI DEINOI DHMIOURGOI POIEITW % "OION KUBERNHTH$ 'AKRO$
'H= 'IATRO$ TA TE 'ADUNATA 'EN THI TECNHI KAI TA DUNATA DIAISQANETAI,


<P 361A>
KAI TOI$ MEN 'EPICEIREI0, TA DE 'EA*I0; 'ETI DE 'EA=N 'A=RA PHI
SFALHI, "IKANO$ 'EPANORQOUSQAI % "OUTW KAI "O 'ADIKO$ 'EPICEIRWN
'ORQW$ TOI$ 'ADIKHMASIN LANQANETW, 'EI MELLEI0 SFODRA 'ADIKO$
'EINAI. TON "ALISKOMENON DE FAULON "HGHTEON; 'ESCATH GAR
'ADIKIA DOKEIN DIKAION 'EINAI MH 'ONTA. DOTEON 'OUN TW*I TELEW$
'ADIKWI THN TELEWTATHN 'ADIKIAN, KAI 'OUK 'AFAIRETEON 'ALL'
'EATEON TA MEGISTA 'ADIKOUNTA THN MEGISTHN DOXAN "AUTWI
<P 361B>
PARESKEUAKENAI 'EI$ DIKAIOSUNHN, KAI 'EA=N 'A=RA SFALLHTAI
TI, 'EPANORQOUSQAI DUNATWI 'EINAI, LEGEIN TE "IKANWI 'ONTI PRO$
TO PEIQEIN, 'EA=N TI MHNUHTAI TWN 'ADIKHMATWN, KAI BIASASQAI
"OSA 'AN4 BIA$ DEHTAI, DIA= TE 'ANDREIAN KAI "RWMHN KAI DIA=
PARASKEUHN FILWN KAI 'OUSIA$. TOUTON DE TOIOUTON QENTE$
TON DIKAION 'AU PAR' 'AUTON "ISTWMEN TW*I LOGWI, 'ANDRA "APLOUN
KAI GENNAION, KAT' 'AISCULON 'OU9 DOKEIN9 'ALL'9 'EINAI9 'AGAQON
'EQELONTA1. 'AFAIRETEON DH TO DOKEIN. 'EI GAR DOXEI2 DIKAIO$
<P 361C>
'EINAI, 'ESONTAI 'AUTWI TIMAI KAI DWREAI DOKOUNTI TOIOUTWI 'EINAI;
'ADHLON 'OUN-'EI=TE TOU* DIKAIOU 'EI=TE TWN DWREWN TE-KAI TIMWN
"ENEKA TOIOUTO$ 'EIH. GUMNWTEO$ DH PANTWN PLHN DIKAIOSUNH$
KAI POIHTEO$ 'ENANTIW$ DIAKEIMENO$ TW*I PROTERWI; MHDEN GAR
'ADIKWN DOXAN 'ECETW THN MEGISTHN 'ADIKIA$, "INA 'HI BEBASANISMENO$
'EI$ DIKAIOSUNHN TW*I MH TEGGESQAI "UPO KAKODOXIA$ KAI
TWN "UP' 'AUTH$ GIGNOMENWN, 'ALLA= 'ITW 'AMETASTATO$ MECRI
<P 361D>
QANATOU, DOKWN MEN 'EINAI 'ADIKO$ DIA= BIOU, 'WN DE DIKAIO$,
"INA 'AMFOTEROI 'EI$ TO 'ESCATON 'ELHLUQOTE$, "O MEN DIKAIOSUNH$,
"O DE 'ADIKIA$, KRINWNTAI "OPOTERO$ 'AUTOIN 'EUDAIMONESTERO$.
BABAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* FILE GLAUKWN, "W$ 'ERRWMENW$
"EKATERON "WSPER 'ANDRIANTA 'EI$ THN KRISIN 'EKKAQAIREI$ TOIN
'ANDROIN.
"W$ MALIST', 'EFH, DUNAMAI. 'ONTOIN DE TOIOUTOIN, 'OUDEN
'ETI, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, CALEPON 'EPEXELQEIN TW*I LOGWI "OIO$ "EKATERON
<P 361E>
BIO$ 'EPIMENEI0. LEKTEON 'OUN; KAI-DH-'KAN2 'AGROIKOTERW$
LEGHTAI, MH 'EME 'OIOU LEGEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALLA= TOU$ 'EPAINOUNTA$
PRO DIKAIOSUNH$ 'ADIKIAN. 'EROUSI2 DE TADE, "OTI4 "OUTW
DIAKEIMENO$ "O DIKAIO$ MASTIGWSETAI, STREBLWSETAI, DEDHSETAI,


<P 362A>
'EKKAUQHSETAI 'TWFQALMW, TELEUTWN PANTA KAKA PAQWN
'ANASCINDULEUQHSETAI KAI GNWSETAI "OTI4 'OUK1 'EINAI1 DIKAION
'ALLA=1 DOKEIN1 DEI 'EQELEIN1. TO DE TOU* 'AISCULOU POLU 'H*N
'A=RA 'ORQOTERON LEGEIN KATA TOU* 'ADIKOU. TW*I-'ONTI GAR FHSOUSI2
TON 'ADIKON, "ATE 'EPITHDEUONTA PRAGMA 'ALHQEIA$ 'ECOMENON
KAI 'OU PRO$ DOXAN ZWNTA, 'OU1 DOKEIN1 'ADIKON 'ALL'1 'EINAI1
'EQELEIN1,
BAQEIAN9 'ALOKA9 DIA=9 FRENO$9 KARPOUMENON9
<P 362B>
'EX9 "H$9 TA9 KEDNA9 BLASTANEI90 BOULEUMATA9,
PRWTON MEN 'ARCEIN 'EN THI POLEI DOKOUNTI DIKAIWI 'EINAI, 'EPEITA
GAMEIN "OPOQEN 'AN4 BOULHTAI, 'EKDIDONAI 'EI$ "OU$ 'AN4 BOULHTAI,
SUMBALLEIN, KOINWNEIN "OI$ 'AN4 'EQELHI5, KAI PARA TAUTA PANTA
'WFELEISQAI KERDAINONTA TW*I MH DUSCERAINEIN TO 'ADIKEIN; 'EI$
'AGWNA$ TOINUN 'IONTA KAI 'IDIA\ KAI DHMOSIA\ PERIGIGNESQAI KAI
PLEONEKTEIN TWN 'ECQRWN, PLEONEKTOUNTA DE PLOUTEIN KAI
<P 362C>
TOU$ TE FILOU$ 'EU POIEIN KAI TOU$ 'ECQROU$ BLAPTEIN, KAI
QEOI$ QUSIA$ KAI 'ANAQHMATA "IKANW$ KAI MEGALOPREPW$ QUEIN
TE-KAI 'ANATIQENAI, KAI QERAPEUEIN TOU* DIKAIOU POLU 'AMEINON
TOU$ QEOU$ KAI TWN 'ANQRWPWN "OU$ 'AN4 BOULHTAI, "WSTE KAI
QEOFILESTERON 'AUTON 'EINAI MALLON PROSHKEIN 'EK TWN 'EIKOTWN
'H= TON DIKAION. "OUTW FASIN0, 'W* SWKRATE$, PARA QEWN KAI
PAR' 'ANQRWPWN TW*I 'ADIKWI PARESKEUASQAI TON BION 'AMEINON
'H= TW*I DIKAIWI.
<P 362D>
TAUT' 'EIPONTO$ TOU* GLAUKWNO$ 'EGW MEN 'AU 'EN NWI 'EICON TI
LEGEIN PRO$ TAUTA, "O DE 'ADELFO$ 'AUTOU4 'ADEIMANTO$, 'OU TI
POU 'OIEI, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, "IKANW$ 'EIRHSQAI PERI= TOU* LOGOU:
'ALLA= TI= MHN: 'EIPON.
'AUTO, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'OUK 'EIRHTAI "O= MALISTA 'EDEI "RHQHNAI.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TO LEGOMENON, 'ADELFO$ 'ANDRI PAREIH;
"WSTE KAI SU, 'EI TI "ODE 'ELLEIPEI0, 'EPAMUNE. KAITOI 'EME GE
"IKANA KAI TA "UPO TOUTOU "RHQENTA KATAPALAISAI0 KAI 'ADUNATON
POIHSAI0 BOHQEIN DIKAIOSUNHI.
<P 362E>
KAI "O$, 'OUDEN, 'EFH, LEGEI$; 'ALL' 'ETI KAI TADE 'AKOUE.
DEI GAR DIELQEIN "HMA$ KAI TOU$ 'ENANTIOU$ LOGOU$ "WN "ODE
'EI*PEN, "OI= DIKAIOSUNHN MEN 'EPAINOUSIN0, 'ADIKIAN DE YEGOUSIN0,
"IN' 'HI SAFESTERON "O= MOI DOKEI0 BOULESQAI GLAUKWN. LEGOUSI0
DE-POU-KAI PARAKELEUONTAI PATERE$ TE "UESIN, KAI PANTE$ "OI
363A
TINWN KHDOMENOI, "W$ CRH DIKAION 'EINAI, 'OUK 'AUTO DIKAIOSUNHN
'EPAINOUNTE$ 'ALLA= TA$ 'AP' 'AUTH$ 'EUDOKIMHSEI$, "INA DOKOUNTI
DIKAIWI 'EINAI GIGNHTAI 'APO TH$ DOXH$ 'ARCAI TE-KAI GAMOI
KAI "OSAPER GLAUKWN DIHLQEN 'ARTI, 'APO TOU* 'EUDOKIMEIN 'ONTA
TW*I DIKAIWI. 'EPI PLEON DE "OUTOI TA TWN DOXWN LEGOUSIN0.
TA$ GAR PARA QEWN 'EUDOKIMHSEI$ 'EMBALLONTE$ 'AFQONA 'ECOUSI0
LEGEIN 'AGAQA, TOI$ "OSIOI$ "A FASI0 QEOU$ DIDONAI; "WSPER "O
GENNAIO$ "HSIODO$ TE-KAI "OMHRO$ FASIN0, "O MEN TA$ DRU$
<P 363B>
TOI$ DIKAIOI$ TOU$ QEOU$ POIEIN 'AKRA$1 MEN9-TE9 FEREIN1
BALANOU$9, MESSA$1 DE9 MELISSA$9; 'EIROPOKOI9 D'9 'OIE$9,
FHSIN, MALLOI$9 KATABEBRIQASI9, KAI 'A=LLA DH POLLA
'AGAQA TOUTWN 'ECOMENA. PARAPLH=SIA DE-KAI "O "ETERO$; "W$9
TE9 TEU9 GAR FHSIN
'H=9 BASILHO$9 'AMUMONO$9 "O$9 TE9 QEOUDH$9
'EUDIKIA$9 'ANECHISI9, FERHISI9 DE9 GAIA9 MELAINA9
<P 363C>
PUROU$9 KAI9 KRIQA$9, BRIQHISI9 DE9 DENDREA9 KARPWI9,
TIKTHI95 D'9 'EMPEDA9 MHLA9, QALASSA9 DE9 PARECHI95 'ICQU$9.
MOUSAIO$ DE TOUTWN NEANIKW=TERA 'TAGAQA KAI "O "UO$ 'AUTOU4
PARA QEWN DIDOASIN TOI$ DIKAIOI$; 'EI$ "AIDOU GAR 'AGAGONTE$
TW*I LOGWI KAI KATAKLINANTE$ KAI SUMPOSION TWN "OSIWN KATASKEUASANTE$
'ESTEFANWMENOU$ POIOUSIN0 TON "APANTA CRONON
<P 363D>
'HDH DIAGEIN MEQUONTA$, "HGHSAMENOI KALLISTON 'ARETH$ MISQON
MEQHN 'AIWNION. "OI D' 'ETI TOUTWN MAKROTEROU$ 'APOTEINOUSIN0
MISQOU$ PARA QEWN; PAIDA$ GAR PAIDWN FASI0 KAI GENO$
KATOPISQEN LEIPESQAI TOU* "OSIOU KAI 'EUORKOU. TAUTA DH-KAI
'A=LLA TOIAUTA 'EGKWMIAZOUSIN0 DIKAIOSUNHN; TOU$ DE
'ANOSIOU$ 'AU KAI 'ADIKOU$ 'EI$ PHLON TINA KATORUTTOUSIN0 'EN
"AIDOU KAI KOSKINWI "UDWR 'ANAGKAZOUSI0 FEREIN, 'ETI TE ZWNTA$
<P 363E>
'EI$ KAKA$ DOXA$ 'AGONTE$, "APER GLAUKWN PERI= TWN DIKAIWN
DOXAZOMENWN DE 'ADIKWN DIHLQE TIMWRHMATA, TAUTA PERI= TWN
'ADIKWN LEGOUSIN0, 'A=LLA DE 'OUK 'ECOUSIN0. "O MEN-'OUN 'EPAINO$
KAI "O YOGO$ "OUTO$ "EKATERWN.
PRO$ DE TOUTOI$ SKEYAI, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALLO 'AU 'EIDO$
LOGWN PERI= DIKAIOSUNH$ TE-KAI 'ADIKIA$ 'IDIA\ TE LEGOMENON


<P 364A>
KAI "UPO POIHTWN. PANTE$ GAR 'EX "ENO$ STOMATO$ "UMNOUSIN0
"W$ KALON MEN "H SWFROSUNH TE-KAI DIKAIOSUNH, CALEPON
MENTOI-KAI 'EPIPONON, 'AKOLASIA DE-KAI 'ADIKIA "HDU MEN-KAI
'EUPETE$ KTHSASQAI, DOXHI DE MONON KAI NOMWI 'AISCRON;
LUSITELE=STERA DE TWN DIKAIWN TA 'ADIKA "W$ 'EPI TO PLHQO$
LEGOUSI0, KAI PONHROU$ PLOUSIOU$ KAI 'ALLA$ DUNAMEI$ 'ECONTA$
'EUDAIMONIZEIN KAI TIMAN 'EUCERW$ 'EQELOUSIN0 DHMOSIA\ TE-KAI
'IDIA\, TOU$ DE 'ATIMAZEIN KAI "UPERORAN, "OI= 'AN4 PHI 'ASQENEI$ TE-KAI
<P 364B>
PENHTE$ 'WSIN, "OMOLOGOUNTE$ 'AUTOU$ 'AMEINOU$ 'EINAI TWN
"ETERWN. TOUTWN DE PANTWN "OI PERI= QEWN TE LOGOI KAI
'ARETH$ QAUMASIWTATOI LEGONTAI, "W$ 'A=RA-KAI QEOI POLLOI$
MEN 'AGAQOI$ DUSTUCIA$ TE-KAI BION KAKON 'ENEIMAN, TOI$ D'
'ENANTIOI$ 'ENANTIAN MOIRAN. 'AGURTAI DE-KAI MANTEI$ 'EPI
PLOUSIWN QURA$ 'IONTE$ PEIQOUSIN0 "W$ 'ESTI PARA SFISI
DUNAMI$ 'EK QEWN PORIZOMENH QUSIAI$ TE-KAI 'EPWIDAI$, 'EI=TE TI
<P 364C>
'ADIKHMA TOU GEGONEN0 'AUTOU4 'H= PROGONWN, 'AKEISQAI MEQ'
"HDONWN TE-KAI "EORTWN, 'EA=N TE TINA 'ECQRON PHMHNAI0 'EQELHI5,
META SMIKRWN DAPANWN "OMOIW$ DIKAION 'ADIKWI BLAYEI2 'EPAGWGAI$
TISIN KAI KATADESMOI$, TOU$ QEOU$, "W$ FASIN0, PEIQONTE$
SFISIN "UPHRETEIN. TOUTOI$ DE PASIN TOI$ LOGOI$ MARTURA$
POIHTA$ 'EPAGONTAI "OI MEN KAKIA$ PE=RI, 'EUPETEIA$ DIDONTE$, "W$
THN9 MEN9 KAKOTHTA9 KAI9 'ILADON9 'ESTIN9 "ELESQAI9
<P 364D>
"RHIDIW$9; LEIH9 MEN9 "ODO$9, MALA9 D'9 'EGGUQI9 NAIEI90;
TH$9 D'9 'ARETH$9 "IDRWTA9 QEOI9 PROPAROIQEN9 'EQHKAN9
KAI TINA "ODON MAKRAN TE-KAI TRACEIAN KAI 'ANANTH; "OI DE
TH$ TWN QEWN "UP' 'ANQRWPWN PARAGWGH$ TON "OMHRON
MARTURONTAI, "OTI4 KAI 'EKEINO$ 'EI*PEN %
LISTOI1 DE9-TE9-KAI9 QEOI9 'AUTOI9,
KAI9 TOU$9 MEN9 QUSIAISI1 KAI9 'EUCWLAI$1 'AGANAISIN1
<P 364E>
LOIBHI9 TE9 KNISHI9 TE9 PARATRWPWS'90 'ANQRWPOI9
LISSOMENOI9, "OTE9 KEN9 TI$9 "UPERBHHI96 KAI9 "AMARTHI96.
BIBLWN DE "OMADON PARECONTAI MOUSAIOU KAI 'ORFEW$,
SELHNH$ TE-KAI MOUSWN 'EKGONWN, "W$ FASI0, KAQ' "A$ QUHPOLOUSIN0,
PEIQONTE$ 'OU MONON 'IDIWTA$ 'ALLA=-KAI POLEI$, "W$
'A=RA LUSEI$ TE-KAI KAQARMOI 'ADIKHMATWN DIA= QUSIWN KAI


<P 365A>
PAIDIA$ "HDONWN 'EISI MEN 'ETI ZWSIN4, 'EISI DE-KAI TELEUTHSASIN,
"A$ DH TELETA$ KALOUSIN0, "AI= TWN 'EKEI KAKWN 'APOLUOUSIN0
"HMA$, MH QUSANTA$ DE DEINA PERIMENEI0.
TAUTA PANTA, 'EFH, 'W* FILE SWKRATE$, TOIAUTA KAI TOSAUTA
LEGOMENA 'ARETH$ PE=RI KAI KAKIA$, "W$ 'ANQRWPOI KAI QEOI
PERI= 'AUTA 'ECOUSI0 TIMH$, TI= 'OIOMEQA 'AKOUOUSA$ NEWN YUCA$
POIEIN, "OSOI 'EUFUEI$ KAI "IKANOI 'EPI PANTA TA LEGOMENA
"WSPER 'EPIPTOMENOI SULLOGISASQAI 'EX 'AUTWN POI*O$ TI$ 'AN4
<P 365B>
'WN KAI PH*I POREUQEI$ TON BION "W$ 'ARISTA DIELQOI: LEGOI GAR
'AN4 'EK TWN 'EIKOTWN PRO$ "AUTON KATA PINDARON 'EKEINO TO
POTERON9 DIKA\9 TEICO$9 "UYION9 'H=9 SKOLIAI$9 'APATAI$9
'ANABA$1 KAI 'EMAUTON "OUTW PERIFRAXA$ DIABIW3: TA MEN-GAR
LEGOMENA DIKAIWI MEN 'ONTI MOI, 'EA=N MH KAI DOKW3 'OFELO$
'OUDEN FASIN0 'EINAI, PONOU$ DE-KAI ZHMIA$ FANERA$; 'ADIKWI DE
DOXAN DIKAIOSUNH$ PARESKEUASMENWI QESPESIO$ BIO$ LEGETAI.
<P 365C>
'OUKOU*N, 'EPEIDH TO9 DOKEIN9, "W$ DHLOUSI0 MOI "OI SOFOI, KAI9
TAN9 'ALAQEIAN9 BIATAI90 KAI KURION 'EUDAIMONIA$, 'EPI TOUTO
DH TREPTEON "OLW$; PROQURA MEN-KAI SCHMA KUKLWI PERI=
'EMAUTON SKIAGRAFIAN 'ARETH$ PERIGRAPTEON, THN DE TOU*
SOFWTATOU 'ARCILOCOU 'ALWPEKA "ELKTEON 'EXOPISQEN KERDALEAN
KAI POIKILHN. 'ALLA=-GAR, FHSI TI$, 'OU "RA\DION 'AEI
LANQANEIN KAKON 'ONTA. 'OUDE-GAR 'ALLO 'OUDEN 'EUPETE$,
<P 365D>
FHSOMEN, TWN MEGALWN; 'ALL' "OMW$, 'EI MELLOMEN 'EUDAIMONHSEIN,
TAUTHI 'ITEON, "W$ TA 'ICNH TWN LOGWN FEREI0. 'EPI
GAR TO LANQANEIN SUNWMOSIA$ TE-KAI "ETAIRIA$ SUNAXOMEN,
'EISIN TE PEIQOU$ DIDASKALOI SOFIAN DHMHGORIKHN TE-KAI
DIKANIKHN DIDONTE$, 'EX "WN TA MEN PEISOMEN, TA DE BIASOMEQA,
"W$ PLEONEKTOUNTE$ DIKHN MH DIDONAI. 'ALLA=-DH QEOU$ 'OUTE
LANQANEIN 'OUTE BIASASQAI DUNATON. 'OUKOU*N, 'EI MEN MH
'EISIN 'H= MHDEN 'AUTOI$ TWN 'ANQRWPINWN MELEI0, TI= KAI "HMIN
<P 365E>
MELHTEON TOU* LANQANEIN: 'EI DE 'EISI TE-KAI 'EPIMELOUNTAI,
'OUK 'ALLOQEN TOI 'AUTOU$ 'ISMEN 'H= 'AKHKOAMEN 'H= 'EK TE TWN
NOMWN KAI TWN GENEALOGHSANTWN0 POIHTWN, "OI DE 'AUTOI "OUTOI
LEGOUSIN0 "W$ 'EISIN "OIOI QUSIAI$1 TE-KAI1 'EUCWLAI$1 'AGANHISIN9
KAI 'ANAQHMASIN PARAGESQAI 'ANAPEIQOMENOI, "OI$ 'H= 'AMFO=TERA 'H=
'OUDE=TERA PEISTEON. 'EI D'-'OUN PEISTEON, 'ADIKHTEON KAI QUTEON


<P 366A>
'APO TWN 'ADIKHMATWN. DIKAIOI MEN-GAR 'ONTE$ 'AZHMIOI MONON
"UPO QEWN 'ESOMEQA, TA D' 'EX 'ADIKIA$ KERDH 'APWSOMEQA; 'ADIKOI
DE KERDANOUMEN TE-KAI LISSOMENOI1 "UPERBAINONTE$1 KAI1 "AMARTANONTE$1,
PEIQONTE$ 'AUTOU$ 'AZHMIOI 'APALLAXOMEN. 'ALLA=-GAR
'EN "AIDOU DIKHN DWSOMEN "WN 'AN4 'ENQADE 'ADIKHSWMEN,
'H= 'AUTOI 'H= PAIDE$ PAIDWN. 'ALL', 'W* FILE, FHSEI2 LOGIZOMENO$,
"AI TELETAI 'AU MEGA DUNANTAI KAI "OI LUSIOI QEOI, "W$ "AI
<P 366B>
MEGISTAI POLEI$ LEGOUSI0 KAI "OI QEWN PAIDE$ POIHTAI KAI PROFHTAI
TWN QEWN GENOMENOI, "OI= TAUTA "OUTW$ 'ECEIN MHNUOUSIN0.
KATA TI=NA 'OUN 'ETI LOGON DIKAIOSUNHN 'AN4 PRO MEGISTH$
'ADIKIA$ "AIROIMEQ' 'AN4, "HN 'EA=N MET' 'EUSCHMOSUNH$ KIBDHLOU
KTHSWMEQA, KAI PARA QEOI$ KAI PAR' 'ANQRWPOI$ PRAXOMEN
KATA NOUN ZWNTE$ TE-KAI TELEUTHSANTE$, "W$ "O TWN POLLWN
TE-KAI 'AKRWN LEGOMENO$ LOGO$: 'EK DH PANTWN TWN 'EIRHMENWN
<P 366C>
TI=$ MHCANH, 'W* SWKRATE$, DIKAIOSUNHN TIMAN 'EQELEIN
"WI TI$ DUNAMI$ "UPARCEI0 YUCH$ 'H= CRHMATWN 'H= SWMATO$ 'H=
GENOU$, 'ALLA= MH GELAN 'EPAINOUMENH$ 'AKOUONTA: "W$ DH-TOI
'EI TI$ 'ECEI0 YEUDH MEN 'APOFHNAI0 "A 'EIRHKAMEN, "IKANW$ DE
'EGNWKEN0 "OTI4 'ARISTON DIKAIOSUNH, POLLHN POU SUGGNWMHN
'ECEI0 KAI 'OUK 'ORGIZETAI TOI$ 'ADIKOI$, 'ALL' 'OIDEN "OTI4 PLHN 'EI
TI$ QEIA\ FUSEI DUSCERAINWN TO 'ADIKEIN 'H= 'EPISTHMHN LABWN
<P 366D>
'APECETAI 'AUTOU4, TWN GE 'ALLWN 'OUDEI$ "EKWN DIKAIO$, 'ALL'
"UPO 'ANANDRIA$ 'H= GHRW$ 'H= TINO$ 'ALLH$ 'ASQENEIA$ YEGEI0 TO
'ADIKEIN, 'ADUNATWN 'AUTO DRAN. "W$ DE, DHLON; "O GAR PRWTO$
TWN TOIOUTWN 'EI$ DUNAMIN 'ELQWN PRWTO$ 'ADIKEI0, KAQ' "OSON
'AN4 "OIO$-T'-'HI. KAI TOUTWN "APANTWN 'OUDEN 'ALLO 'AITION 'H=
'EKEINO, "OQENPER "APA$ "O LOGO$ "OUTO$ "WRMHSEN KAI TWIDE KAI 'EMOI4
PRO$ SE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EIPEIN, "OTI4 'W* QAUMASIE, PANTWN
<P 366E>
"UMWN, "OSOI 'EPAINETAI FATE0 DIKAIOSUNH$ 'EINAI, 'APO TWN 'EX
'ARCH$ "HRWWN 'ARXAMENOI, "OSWN LOGOI LELEIMMENOI, MECRI TWN
NU*N 'ANQRWPWN 'OUDEI$ PWPOTE 'EYEXEN 'ADIKIAN 'OUD' 'EPHINESEN
DIKAIOSUNHN 'ALLW$ 'H= DOXA$ TE-KAI TIMA$ KAI DWREA$ TA$
'AP' 'AUTWN GIGNOMENA$; 'AUTO D' "EKATERON THI "AUTOU DUNAMEI
TI= DRA*I0, THI TOU* 'ECONTO$ YUCHI 'ENON, KAI LANQANON QEOU$ TE-KAI
'ANQRWPOU$, 'OUDEI$ PWPOTE 'OUT' 'EN POIHSEI 'OUT' 'EN 'IDIOI$
LOGOI$ 'EPEXHLQEN "IKANW$ TW*I LOGWI "W$ TO MEN MEGISTON KAKWN
"OSA 'ISCEI0 YUCH 'EN "AUTHI, DIKAIOSUNH DE MEGISTON 'AGAQON.


<P 367A>
'EI GAR "OUTW$ 'ELEGETO 'EX 'ARCH$ "UPO PANTWN "UMWN KAI 'EK
NEWN "HMA$ 'EPEIQETE, 'OUK 'AN4 'ALLHLOU$ 'EFULATTOMEN MH
'ADIKEIN, 'ALL' 'AUTO$ "AUTOU 'H*N "EKASTO$ 'ARISTO$ FULAX, DEDIW$
MH 'ADIKWN TW*I MEGISTWI KAKWI SUNOIKO$ 'HI.
TAUTA, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ISW$ DE-KAI 'ETI TOUTWN PLEIW
QRASUMACO$ TE-KAI 'ALLO$ POU TI$ "UPER DIKAIOSUNH$ TE-KAI
'ADIKIA$ LEGOIEN 'AN4, METASTREFONTE$ 'AUTOIN THN DUNAMIN
FORTIKW$, "W$ GE MOI DOKEI0. 'ALL' 'EGW, 'OUDEN GAR SE
<P 367B>
DEOMAI 'APOKRUPTESQAI, SOU4 'EPIQUMWN 'AKOUSAI0 'TANANTIA, "W$
DUNAMAI MALISTA KATATEINA$ LEGW0. MH-'OUN "HMIN MONON
'ENDEIXHI4 TW*I LOGWI "OTI4 DIKAIOSUNH 'ADIKIA$ KREITTON, 'ALLA=
TI= POIOUSA "EKATE=RA TON 'ECONTA 'AUTH DI' "AUTHN "H MEN
KAKON, "H DE 'AGAQON 'ESTIN; TA$ DE DOXA$ 'AFAIREI5, "WSPER
GLAUKWN DIEKELEUSATO. 'EI GAR MH 'AFAIRHSEI$ "EKATERWQEN
TA$ 'ALHQEI$, TA$ DE YEUDEI$ PROSQHSEI$, 'OU TO DIKAION
FHSOMEN 'EPAINEIN SE 'ALLA= TO DOKEIN, 'OUDE TO 'ADIKON 'EINAI
<P 367C>
YEGEIN 'ALLA= TO DOKEIN, KAI PARAKELEUESQAI 'ADIKON 'ONTA
LANQANEIN, KAI "OMOLOGEIN QRASUMACWI "OTI4 TO MEN DIKAION
'ALLOTRION 'AGAQON, SUMFERON TOU* KREITTONO$, TO DE 'ADIKON
"AUTWI MEN SUMFERON KAI LUSITELOUN, TW*I DE "HTTONI 'ASUMFORON.
'EPEIDH 'OUN "WMOLOGHSA$ TWN MEGISTWN 'AGAQWN
'EINAI DIKAIOSUNHN, "A TWN TE 'APOBAINONTWN0 'AP' 'AUTWN "ENEKA
'A=XIA KEKTHSQAI, POLU DE MALLON 'AUTA "AUTWN, "OION "ORAN,
<P 367D>
'AKOUEIN, FRONEIN, KAI "UGIAINEIN DH, KAI "OS' 'A=LLA 'AGAQA
GONIMA THI "AUTWN FUSEI 'ALL' 'OU DOXHI 'ESTIN, TOUT' 'OUN 'AUTO
'EPAINESON2 DIKAIOSUNH$, "O= 'AUTH DI' "AUTHN TON 'ECONTA 'ONINHSIN
KAI 'ADIKIA BLAPTEI0, MISQOU$ DE-KAI DOXA$ PARE$ 'ALLOI$
'EPAINEIN; "W$ 'EGW TWN MEN 'ALLWN 'APODECOIMHN 'AN4 "OUTW$
'EPAINOUNTWN0 DIKAIOSUNHN KAI YEGONTWN0 'ADIKIAN, DOXA$ TE
PERI= 'AUTWN KAI MISQOU$ 'EGKWMIAZONTWN0 KAI LOIDOROUNTWN0,
SOU4 DE 'OUK 'AN4, 'EI MH SU KELEUOI$, DIOTI PANTA TON BION
<P 367E>
'OUDEN 'ALLO SKOPWN DIELHLUQA$ 'H= TOUTO. MH-'OUN "HMIN
'ENDEIXHI4 MONON TW*I LOGWI "OTI4 DIKAIOSUNH 'ADIKIA$ KREITTON,
'ALLA=-KAI TI= POIOUSA "EKATE=RA TON 'ECONTA 'AUTH DI' "AUTHN,
'EANTE LANQANHI5 'EANTE MH QEOU$ TE-KAI 'ANQRWPOU$, "H MEN
'AGAQON, "H DE KAKON 'ESTI.
KAI 'EGW 'AKOUSA$, 'AEI MEN-DH THN FUSIN TOU* TE GLAUKWNO$
KAI TOU* 'ADEIMANTOU 'HGAMHN, 'ATAR-'OUN-KAI TO=TE PANU GE


<P 368A>
"HSQHN KAI 'EIPON; 'OU KAKW$ 'EI$ "UMA$, 'W* PAIDE$ 'EKEINOU TOU*
'ANDRO$, THN 'ARCHN TWN 'ELEGEIWN 'EPOIHSEN "O GLAUKWNO$
'ERASTH$, 'EUDOKIMHSANTA$ PERI= THN MEGAROI MACHN, 'EIPWN %
PAIDE$9 'ARISTWNO$9, KLEINOU9 QEION9 GENO$9 'ANDRO$9;
TOUTO MOI, 'W* FILOI, 'EU DOKEI0 'ECEIN; PANU GAR QEION PEPONQATE,
'EI MH PEPEISQE0 'ADIKIAN DIKAIOSUNH$ 'AMEINON 'EINAI,
"OUTW DUNAMENOI 'EIPEIN "UPER 'AUTOU4. DOKEITE0 DH MOI "W$
<P 368B>
'ALHQW$ 'OU PEPEISQAI % TEKMAIROMAI DE 'EK TOU* 'ALLOU TOU*
"UMETEROU TROPOU, 'EPEI KATA GE 'AUTOU$ TOU$ LOGOU$ 'HPISTOUN
'AN4 "UMIN % "OSWI DE MALLON PISTEUW0, TOSOUTWI MALLON 'APORW0
"OTI2 CRHSWMAI. 'OUTE-GAR "OPW$ BOHQW3 'ECW0; DOKW0 GAR MOI
'ADUNATO$ 'EINAI % SHMEION DE MOI, "OTI4 "A PRO$ QRASUMACON
LEGWN 'WIMHN 'APOFAINEIN "W$ 'AMEINON DIKAIOSUNH 'ADIKIA$, 'OUK
'APEDEXASQE MOU % 'OUT' 'AU "OPW$ MH BOHQHSW42 'ECW0; DEDOIKA
GAR MH 'OUD' "OSION 'HI PARAGENOMENON DIKAIOSUNHI KAKHGOROUMENHI
<P 368C>
'APAGOREUEIN KAI MH BOHQEIN 'ETI 'EMPNEONTA KAI DUNAMENON
FQEGGESQAI. KRATISTON 'OUN "OUTW$ "OPW$ DUNAMAI
'EPIKOUREIN 'AUTHI.
"O TE-'OUN GLAUKWN KAI "OI 'ALLOI 'EDEONTO PANTI TROPWI
BOHQHSAI0 KAI MH 'ANEINAI0 TON LOGON, 'ALLA= DIEREUNHSASQAI
TI= TE 'ESTIN "EKATERON KAI PERI= TH$ 'WFELIA$ 'AUTOIN 'TALHQE$
POTERW$ 'ECEI0. 'EIPON 'OUN "OPER 'EMOI4 'EDOXEN, "OTI4 TO ZHTHMA
"WI 'EPICEIROUMEN 'OU FAULON 'ALL' 'OXU BLEPONTO$, "W$ 'EMOI4
<P 368D>
FAINETAI. 'EPEIDH 'OUN "HMEI$ 'OU DEINOI, DOKW0 MOI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW,
TOIAUTHN POIHSASQAI ZHTHSIN 'AUTOU4, "OIANPER 'AN4 'EI
PROSETAXE TI$ GRAMMATA SMIKRA PORRWQEN 'ANAGNWNAI0 MH
PANU 'OXU BLEPOUSIN4, 'EPEITA TI$ 'ENENOHSEN, "OTI4 TA 'AUTA
GRAMMATA 'ESTI POU-KAI 'ALLOQI MEIZW TE-KAI 'EN MEIZONI,
"ERMAION 'AN4 'EFANH 'OIMAI 'EKEINA PRWTON 'ANAGNONTA$ "OUTW$
'EPISKOPEIN TA 'ELATTW, 'EI TA 'AUTA 'ONTA TUGCANEI0.
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH "O 'ADEIMANTO$; 'ALLA= TI= TOIOUTON, 'W*
<P 368E>
SWKRATE$, 'EN THI PERI= TO DIKAION ZHTHSEI KAQORA*I$0:
'EGW SOI4, 'EFHN, 'ERW2. DIKAIOSUNH, FAMEN, 'ESTI MEN 'ANDRO$
"ENO$, 'ESTI DE-POU-KAI "OLH$ POLEW$:
PANU GE, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'OUKOU*N MEIZON POLI$ "ENO$ 'ANDRO$:
MEIZON, 'EFH.
'ISW$ TOINUN PLEIWN 'AN4 DIKAIOSUNH 'EN TW*I MEIZONI 'ENEIH
KAI "RA\WN KATAMAQEIN. 'EI 'OUN BOULESQE0, PRWTON 'EN TAI$


<P 369A>
POLESI ZHTHSWMEN POI*ON TI 'ESTIN; 'EPEITA "OUTW$ 'EPISKEYWMEQA
KAI 'EN "ENI "EKASTWI, THN TOU* MEIZONO$ "OMOIOTHTA 'EN THI
TOU* 'ELATTONO$ 'IDEA\ 'EPISKOPOUNTE$.
'ALLA= MOI DOKEI$, 'EFH, KALW$ LEGEIN.
'A*R'-'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EI GIGNOMENHN POLIN QEASAIMEQA
LOGWI, KAI THN DIKAIOSUNHN 'AUTH$ 'IDOIMEN 'AN4 GIGNOMENHN KAI
THN 'ADIKIAN:
TAC' 'AN4, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'OUKOU*N GENOMENOU 'AUTOU4 'ELPI$ 'EUPETESTERON 'IDEIN "O=
ZHTOUMEN:
<P 369B>
POLU GE.
DOKEI0 'OUN CRHNAI0 'EPICEIRHSAI0 PERAINEIN: 'OIMAI MEN-GAR
'OUK 'OLIGON 'ERGON 'AUTO 'EINAI; SKOPEITE3 'OUN.
'ESKEPTAI, 'EFH "O 'ADEIMANTO$; 'ALLA= MH 'ALLW$ POIEI5.
GIGNETAI TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, POLI$, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, 'EPEIDH
TUGCANEI0 "HMWN "EKASTO$ 'OUK 'AUTARKH$, 'ALLA= POLLWN 'WN7
'ENDEH$; 'H= TI=N' 'OIEI 'ARCHN 'ALLHN POLIN 'OIKIZEIN:
'OUDEMIAN, 'H*-D'-"O$.
<P 369C>
"OUTW DH-'A=RA PARALAMBANWN 'ALLO$ 'ALLON, 'EP' 'ALLOU, TON
D' 'EP' 'ALLOU CREIA\, POLLWN DEOMENOI, POLLOU$ 'EI$ MIAN
'OIKHSIN 'AGEIRANTE$ KOINWNOU$ TE-KAI BOHQOU$, TAUTHI THI
SUNOIKIA\ 'EQEMEQA POLIN 'ONOMA; 'H*-GAR:
PANU MEN-'OUN.
METADIDWSI DH 'ALLO$ 'ALLWI, 'EI TI METADIDWSIN, 'H= METALAMBANEI0,
'OIOMENO$ "AUTWI 'AMEINON 'EINAI:
PANU GE.
'IQI DH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TW*I LOGWI 'EX 'ARCH$ POIWMEN POLIN;
POIHSEI2 DE 'AUTHN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "H "HMETE=RA CREIA.
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
<P 369D>
'ALLA=-MHN PRWTH GE-KAI MEGISTH TWN CREIWN "H TH$ TROFH$
PARASKEUH TOU* 'EINAI TE-KAI ZHN "ENEKA.
PANTAPASI GE.
DEUTE=RA DH 'OIKHSEW$, TRITH DE 'ESQHTO$ KAI TWN TOIOUTWN.
'ESTI TAUTA.
FERE DH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PW*$ "H POLI$ 'ARKESEI2 'EPI TOSAUTHN
PARASKEUHN: 'ALLO TI GEWRGO$ MEN "EI$, "O DE 'OIKODOMO$, 'ALLO$
DE TI$ "UFANTH$: 'H=-KAI SKUTOTOMON 'AUTOSE PROSQHSOMEN 'H=
TIN' 'ALLON TWN PERI= TO SWMA QERAPEUTHN:
PANU GE.
'EIH D' 'AN4 "H GE 'ANAGKAIOTATH POLI$ 'EK TETTARWN 'H= PENTE
'ANDRWN.
<P 369E>
FAINETAI.
TI= DH-'OUN: "ENA "EKASTON TOUTWN DEI TO "AUTOU 'ERGON
"APASI KOINON KATATIQENAI, "OION TON GEWRGON "ENA 'ONTA PARASKEUAZEIN
SITIA TETTARSIN KAI TETRAPLASION CRONON TE-KAI
PONON 'ANALISKEIN 'EPI SITOU PARASKEUHI KAI 'ALLOI$ KOINWNEIN,
'H= 'AMELHSANTA "EAUTWI MONON TETARTON MERO$ POIEIN TOUTOU TOU*


<P 370A>
SITOU 'EN TETARTWI MEREI TOU* CRONOU, TA DE TRIA, TO MEN 'EPI
THI TH$ 'OIKIA$ PARASKEUHI DIATRIBEIN, TO DE "IMATIOU, TO DE
"UPODHMATWN, KAI MH 'ALLOI$ KOINWNOUNTA PRAGMATA 'ECEIN,
'ALL' 'AUTON DI' "AUTON TA "AUTOU PRATTEIN:
KAI "O 'ADEIMANTO$ 'EFH; 'ALL' 'ISW$, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OUTW
"RA*ION 'H= 'KEINW$.
'OUDEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, MA DI=A 'ATOPON. 'ENNOW0 GAR-KAI 'AUTO$
'EIPONTO$ SOU4, "OTI4 PRWTON MEN "HMWN FUETAI "EKASTO$ 'OU PANU
<P 370B>
"OMOIO$ "EKASTWI, 'ALLA= DIAFERWN THN FUSIN, 'ALLO$ 'EP' 'ALLOU
'ERGOU PRAXEI. 'H= 'OU DOKEI0 SOI4:
'EMOIGE.
TI= DE: POTERON KALLION PRATTOI 'AN4 TI$ "EI$ 'WN POLLA$
TECNA$ 'ERGAZOMENO$, 'H= "OTAN MIAN "EI$:
"OTAN, 'H*-D'-"O$, "EI$ MIAN.
'ALLA=-MHN 'OIMAI KAI TODE DHLON, "W$, 'EA=N TI$ TINO$ PARHI
'ERGOU KAIRON, DIOLLUTAI.
DHLON GAR.
'OU-GAR 'OIMAI 'EQELEI0 TO PRATTOMENON THN TOU* PRATTONTO$
SCOLHN PERIMENEIN0, 'ALL' 'ANAGKH TON PRATTONTA TW*I PRATTOMENWI
<P 370C>
'EPAKOLOUQEIN MH 'EN PARERGOU MEREI.
'ANAGKH.
'EK DH TOUTWN PLEIW TE "EKASTA GIGNETAI KAI KALLION KAI
"RA*ION, "OTAN "EI$ "EN KATA FUSIN KAI 'EN KAIRWI, SCOLHN TWN
'ALLWN 'AGWN, PRATTHI5.
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
PLEIONWN DH, 'W* 'ADEIMANTE, DEI POLITWN 'H= TETTARWN 'EPI
TA$ PARASKEUA$ "WN 'ELEGOMEN. "O GAR GEWRGO$, "W$ 'EOIKEN0,
'OUK 'AUTO$ POIHSETAI "EAUTWI TO 'AROTRON, 'EI MELLEI0 KALON 'EINAI,
<P 370D>
'OUDE SMINUHN, 'OUDE 'TALLA 'ORGANA "OSA PERI= GEWRGIAN. 'OUD'
'AU "O 'OIKODOMO$; POLLWN DE-KAI TOUTWI DEI. "WSAUTW$ D' "O
"UFANTH$ TE-KAI "O SKUTOTOMO$; 'H= 'OU=:
'ALHQH.
TEKTONE$ DH-KAI CALKH$ KAI TOIOUTOI TINE$ POLLOI
DHMIOURGOI, KOINWNOI "HMIN TOU* POLICNIOU GIGNOMENOI, SUCNON
'AUTO POIOUSIN0.
PANU MEN-'OUN.
'ALL' 'OUK 'AN4 PW PANU GE MEGA TI 'EIH, 'EI 'AUTOI$ BOUKOLOU$
TE-KAI POIMENA$ TOU$ TE 'ALLOU$ NOMEA$ PROSQEIMEN, "INA "OI TE
<P 370E>
GEWRGOI 'EPI TO 'AROUN0 'ECOIEN BOU$, "OI TE 'OIKODOMOI PRO$ TA$
'AGWGA$ META TWN GEWRGWN CRHSQAI "UPOZUGIOI$, "UFANTAI DE-KAI
SKUTOTOMOI DERMASIN TE-KAI 'ERIOI$.
'OUDE-GE, 'H*-D'-"O$, SMIKRA POLI$ 'AN4 'EIH 'ECOUSA PANTA TAUTA.
'ALLA=-MHN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KATOIKISAI0 GE 'AUTHN THN POLIN 'EI$
TOIOUTON TOPON "OU 'EPEISAGWGIMWN MH DEHSETAI, SCEDON TI
'ADUNATON.
'ADUNATON GAR.
PROSDEHSEI2 'A=RA 'ETI KAI 'ALLWN, "OI= 'EX 'ALLH$ POLEW$ 'AUTHI
KOMIOUSIN2 "WN DEITAI.
DEHSEI2.
KAI-MHN KENO$ 'AN2 'IHI "O DIAKONO$, MHDEN 'AGWN "WN 'EKEINOI


<P 371A>
DEONTAI PAR' "WN 'AN4 KOMIZWNTAI "WN 'AN4 'AUTOI$ CREIA, KENO$
'APEISIN. 'H*-GAR:
DOKEI0 MOI.
DEI DH TA 'OIKOI MH MONON "EAUTOI$ POIEIN "IKANA, 'ALLA=-KAI
"OI*A KAI "OSA 'EKEINOI$ "WN 'AN4 DEWNTAI.
DEI GAR.
PLEIONWN DH GEWRGWN TE-KAI TWN 'ALLWN DHMIOURGWN DEI
"HMIN THI POLEI.
PLEIONWN GAR.
KAI-DH-KAI TWN 'ALLWN DIAKONWN POU TWN TE 'EISAXONTWN0
KAI 'EXAXONTWN0 "EKASTA. "OUTOI DE 'EISIN 'EMPOROI;
'H*-GAR:
NAI.
KAI 'EMPORWN DH DEHSOMEQA.
PANU GE.
KAI 'EA=N MEN-GE KATA QALATTAN "H 'EMPORIA GIGNHTAI, SUCNWN
<P 371B>
KAI 'ALLWN PROSDEHSETAI TWN 'EPISTHMONWN TH$ PERI= THN
QALATTAN 'ERGASIA$.
SUCNWN MENTOI.
TI= DE-DH: 'EN 'AUTHI THI POLEI PW*$ 'ALLHLOI$ METADWSOUSIN2
"WN 'AN4 "EKASTOI 'ERGAZWNTAI: "WN DH "ENEKA KAI KOINWNIAN
POIHSAMENOI POLIN 'WIKISAMEN.
DHLON DH, 'H*-D'-"O$, "OTI4 PWLOUNTE$ KAI 'WNOUMENOI.
'AGORA DH "HMIN KAI NOMISMA SUMBOLON TH$ 'ALLAGH$ "ENEKA
GENHSETAI 'EK TOUTOU.
PANU MEN-'OUN.
<P 371C>
'AN2 'OUN KOMISA$ "O GEWRGO$ 'EI$ THN 'AGORAN TI "WN POIEI0, 'H=
TI$ 'ALLO$ TWN DHMIOURGWN, MH 'EI$ TON 'AUTON CRONON "HKHI5 TOI$
DEOMENOI$ TA PAR' 'AUTOU4 'ALLAXASQAI, 'ARGHSEI2 TH$ "AUTOU
DHMIOURGIA$ KAQHMENO$ 'EN 'AGORA*I:
'OUDAMW$, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'ALLA= 'EISIN "OI= TOUTO "ORWNTE$ "EAUTOU$
'EPI THN DIAKONIAN TATTOUSIN0 TAUTHN, 'EN MEN TAI$ 'ORQW$ 'OIKOUMENAI$
POLESI SCEDON TI "OI 'ASQENESTATOI TA SWMATA KAI
'ACREIOI TI 'ALLO 'ERGON PRATTEIN. 'AUTOU2 GAR DEI MENONTA$
<P 371D>
'AUTOU$ PERI= THN 'AGORAN TA MEN 'ANT' 'ARGURIOU 'ALLAXASQAI TOI$
TI DEOMENOI$ 'APODOSQAI, TOI$ DE 'ANTI 'AU 'ARGURIOU DIALLATTEIN
"OSOI TI DEONTAI PRIASQAI.
"AU=TH 'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "H CREIA KAPHLWN "HMIN GENESIN
'EMPOIEI0 THI POLEI. 'H= 'OU KAPHLOU$ KALOUMEN0 TOU$ PRO$ 'WNHN
TE-KAI PRASIN DIAKONOUNTA$ "IDRUMENOU$ 'EN 'AGORA*I TOU$ DE
PLANHTA$ 'EPI TA$ POLEI$ 'EMPOROU$:
PANU MEN-'OUN.
<P 371E>
'ETI DH TINE$, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, 'EISI KAI 'ALLOI DIAKONOI, "OI= 'AN4
TA MEN TH$ DIANOIA$ MH PANU 'AXIOKOINWNHTOI 'WSIN, THN DE
TOU* SWMATO$ 'ISCUN "IKANHN 'EPI TOU$ PONOU$ 'ECWSIN; "OI= DH
PWLOUNTE$ THN TH$ 'ISCUO$ CREIAN, THN TIMHN TAUTHN MISQON
KALOUNTE$0, KEKLHNTAI, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, MISQWTOI; 'H*-GAR:
PANU MEN-'OUN.
PLHRWMA DH POLEW$ 'EISIN, "W$ 'EOIKE0, KAI MISQWTOI.
DOKEI0 MOI.
'A*R'-'OUN, 'W* 'ADEIMANTE, 'HDH "HMIN 'HUXHTAI "H POLI$, "WST'
'EINAI TELE=A:
'ISW$.
POU* 'OUN 'AN4 POTE 'EN 'AUTHI 'EIH "H TE DIKAIOSUNH KAI "H 'ADIKIA:
KAI TI=NI "AMA 'EGGENOMENH "WN 'ESKEMMEQA:


<P 372A>
'EGW MEN, 'EFH, 'OUK 'ENNOW0, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EI MH POU 'EN
'AUTWN TOUTWN CREIA\ TINI THI PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$.
'ALL' 'ISW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KALW$ LEGEI$; KAI SKEPTEON GE-KAI
'OUK 'APOKNHTEON.
PRWTON 'OUN SKEYWMEQA TI=NA TROPON DIAITHSONTAI "OI "OUTW
PARESKEUASMENOI. 'ALLO TI 'H= SITON TE POIOUNTE$ KAI 'OINON
KAI "IMATIA KAI "UPODHMATA: KAI 'OIKODOMHSAMENOI 'OIKIA$, QEROU$
MEN TA POLLA GUMNOI TE-KAI 'ANUPODHTOI 'ERGASONTAI, TOU* DE
<P 372B>
CEIMWNO$ 'HMFIESMENOI TE-KAI "UPODEDEMENOI "IKANW$; QREYONTAI
DE 'EK MEN TWN KRIQWN 'ALFITA SKEUAZOMENOI, 'EK DE
TWN PURWN 'ALEURA, TA MEN PEYANTE$, TA DE MAXANTE$, MAZA$
GENNAIA$ KAI 'ARTOU$ 'EPI KALAMON TINA PARABALLOMENOI 'H=
FULLA KAQARA, KATAKLINENTE$ 'EPI STIBADWN 'ESTRWMENWN
MILAKI TE-KAI MURRINAI$, 'EUWCHSONTAI 'AUTOI TE-KAI TA PAIDIA,
'EPIPINONTE$ TOU* 'OINOU, 'ESTEFANWMENOI KAI "UMNOUNTE$ TOU$
QEOU$, "HDEW$ SUNONTE$ 'ALLHLOI$, 'OUC "UPER THN 'OUSIAN POIOUMENOI
<P 372C>
TOU$ PAIDA$, 'EULABOUMENOI PENIAN 'H= POLEMON.
KAI "O GLAUKWN "UPOLABWN, 'ANEU 'OYOU, 'EFH, "W$ 'EOIKA$,
POIEI$ TOU$ 'ANDRA$ "ESTIWMENOU$.
'ALHQH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, LEGEI$. 'EPELAQOMHN "OTI4 KAI 'OYON
"EXOUSIN2, "ALA$ TE DHLON "OTI4 KAI 'ELAA$ KAI TURON, KAI BOLBOU$
KAI LACANA GE, "OI*A DH 'EN 'AGROI$ "EYHMATA, "EYHSONTAI.
KAI TRAGHMATA POU PARAQHSOMEN 'AUTOI$ TWN TE SUKWN KAI
'EREBINQWN KAI KUAMWN, KAI MURTA KAI FHGOU$ SPODIOUSIN2
<P 372D>
PRO$ TO PUR, METRIW$ "UPOPINONTE$; KAI "OUTW DIAGONTE$ TON
BION 'EN 'EIRHNHI META "UGIEIA$, "W$ 'EIKO$, GHRAIOI TELEUTWNTE$
'ALLON TOIOUTON BION TOI$ 'EKGONOI$ PARADWSOUSIN2.
KAI "O$, 'EI DE "UWN POLIN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EFH, KATESKEUAZE$,
TI= 'AN4 'AUTA$ 'ALLO 'H= TAUTA 'ECORTAZE$:
'ALLA= PW*$ CRH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* GLAUKWN:
"APER NOMIZETAI, 'EFH; 'EPI TE KLINWN KATAKEISQAI 'OIMAI
TOU$ MELLONTA$ MH TALAIPWREISQAI, KAI 'APO TRAPEZWN
<P 372E>
DEIPNEIN, KAI 'OYA "APER KAI "OI NU*N 'ECOUSI0 KAI TRAGHMATA.
'EIEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; MANQANW0. 'OU POLIN, "W$ 'EOIKE0, SKOPOUMEN
MONON "OPW$ GIGNETAI, 'ALLA=-KAI TRUFWSAN POLIN. 'ISW$ 'OUN-'OUDE
KAKW$ 'ECEI0; SKOPOUNTE$ GAR-KAI TOIAUTHN TAC' 'AN4
KATIDOIMEN THN TE DIKAIOSUNHN KAI 'ADIKIAN "OPHI POTE TAI$
POLESIN 'EMFUONTAI. "H MEN-'OUN 'ALHQINH POLI$ DOKEI0 MOI
'EINAI "HN DIELHLUQAMEN, "WSPER "UGIH$ TI$; 'EI D' 'AU BOULESQE0,
KAI FLEGMAINOUSAN POLIN QEWRHSWMEN; 'OUDEN 'APOKWLUEI0.


<P 373A>
TAUTA GAR-DH TISIN, "W$ DOKEI0, 'OUK 'EXARKESEI2, 'OUDE "AU=TH "H
DIAITA, 'ALLA= KLINAI TE PROSESONTAI KAI TRAPEZAI KAI 'TALLA
SKEUH, KAI 'OYA DH-KAI MURA KAI QUMIAMATA KAI "ETAIRAI KAI
PEMMATA, KAI "EKASTA TOUTWN PANTODAPA. KAI-DH-KAI "A TO
PRWTON 'ELEGOMEN 'OUKETI 'TANAGKAI*A QETEON, 'OIKIA$ TE-KAI
"IMATIA KAI "UPODHMATA, 'ALLA= THN TE ZWGRAFIAN KINHTEON
KAI THN POIKILIAN, KAI CRUSON KAI 'ELEFANTA KAI PANTA TA
TOIAUTA KTHTEON. 'H*-GAR:
<P 373B>
NAI, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N MEIZONA TE 'AU THN POLIN DEI POIEIN; 'EKEINH GAR
"H "UGIEINH 'OUKETI "IKANH, 'ALL' 'HDH 'OGKOU 'EMPLHSTEA KAI
PLHQOU$, "A 'OUKETI TOU* 'ANAGKAIOU "ENEKA 'ESTIN 'EN TAI$ POLESIN,
"OION "OI TE QHREUTAI PANTE$ "OI TE MIMHTAI, POLLOI MEN "OI PERI=
TA SCHMATA TE-KAI CRWMATA, POLLOI DE "OI PERI= MOUSIKHN,
POIHTAI TE-KAI TOUTWN "UPHRETAI, "RAYWIDOI, "UPOKRITAI, COREUTAI,
'ERGOLABOI, SKEUWN TE PANTODAPWN DHMIOURGOI, TWN TE 'ALLWN
<P 373C>
KAI TWN PERI= TON GUNAIKEION KOSMON. KAI-DH-KAI DIAKONWN
PLEIONWN DEHSOMEQA; 'H= 'OU DOKEI0 DEHSEIN PAIDAGWGWN, TITQWN,
TROFWN, KOMMWTRIWN, KOUREWN, KAI 'AU 'OYOPOIWN TE-KAI
MAGEIRWN: 'ETI DE-KAI SUBWTWN PROSDEHSOMEQA; TOUTO GAR
"HMIN 'EN THI PROTERA\ POLEI 'OUK 'ENHN % 'EDEI GAR 'OUDEN % 'EN DE
TAUTHI KAI TOUTOU PROSDEHSEI2. DEHSEI2 DE-KAI TWN 'ALLWN
BOSKHMATWN PAMPOLLWN, 'EI TI$ 'AUTA 'EDETAI; 'H*-GAR:
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
<P 373D>
'OUKOU*N-KAI 'IATRWN 'EN CREIAI$ 'ESOMEQA POLU MALLON "OUTW
DIAITWMENOI 'H= "W$ TO PROTERON:
POLU GE.
KAI "H CWRA GE-POU, "H TO=TE "IKANH TREFEIN TOU$ TO=TE,
SMIKRA DH 'EX "IKANH$ 'ESTAI. 'H= PW*$ LEGOMEN:
"OUTW$, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N TH$ TWN PLHSION CWRA$ "HMIN 'APOTMHTEON, 'EI
MELLOMEN "IKANHN "EXEIN NEMEIN TE-KAI 'AROUN0, KAI 'EKEINOI$ 'AU
TH$ "HMETERA$, 'EA=N KAI 'EKEINOI 'AFWSIN "AUTOU$ 'EPI CRHMATWN
KTHSIN 'APEIRON, "UPERBANTE$ TON TWN 'ANAGKAIWN "ORON:
<P 373E>
POLLH 'ANAGKH, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$.
POLEMHSOMEN DH TO META TOUTO, 'W* GLAUKWN: 'H= PW*$ 'ESTAI:
"OUTW$, 'EFH.
KAI MHDEN GE PW LEGWMEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, MHT' 'EI TI KAKON
MHT' 'EI 'AGAQON "O POLEMO$ 'ERGAZETAI, 'ALLA= TOSOUTON MONON,
"OTI4 POLEMOU 'AU GENESIN "HURHKAMEN, 'EX "WN MALISTA TAI$
POLESIN KAI 'IDIA\ KAI DHMOSIA\ KAKA GIGNETAI, "OTAN GIGNHTAI.
PANU MEN-'OUN.
'ETI DH, 'W* FILE, MEIZONO$ TH$ POLEW$ DEI 'OU TI SMIKRWI,


<P 374A>
'ALL' "OLWI STRATOPEDWI, "O= 'EXELQON "UPER TH$ 'OUSIA$ "APASH$
KAI "UPER "WN NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN DIAMACEITAI TOI$ 'EPIOUSIN.
TI= DE: 'H*-D'-"O$; 'AUTOI 'OUC "IKANOI:
'OU=K, 'EI SU GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI "HMEI$ "APANTE$ "WMOLOGHSAMEN
KALW$, "HNIKA 'EPLATTOMEN THN POLIN; "WMOLOGOUMEN DE-POU,
'EI MEMNHSAI, 'ADUNATON "ENA POLLA$ KALW$ 'ERGAZESQAI TECNA$.
'ALHQH LEGEI$, 'EFH.
<P 374B>
TI= 'OUN: 'H*N-D'-'EGW; "H PERI= TON POLEMON 'AGWNIA 'OU
TECNIKH DOKEI0 'EINAI:
KAI MALA, 'EFH.
'H*-'OUN TI SKUTIKH$ DEI MALLON KHDESQAI 'H= POLEMIKH$:
'OUDAMW$.
'ALL'-'A=RA TON MEN SKUTOTOMON DIEKWLUOMEN MHTE GEWRGON
'EPICEIREIN 'EINAI "AMA MHTE "UFANTHN MHTE 'OIKODOMON 'ALLA=
SKUTOTOMON, "INA DH "HMIN TO TH$ SKUTIKH$ 'ERGON KALW$
GIGNOITO, KAI TWN 'ALLWN "ENI "EKASTWI "WSAUTW$ "EN 'APEDIDOMEN,
PRO$ "O= 'EPEFUKEI "EKASTO$ KAI 'EF' "WI 'EMELLE TWN 'ALLWN
<P 374C>
SCOLHN 'AGWN DIA= BIOU 'AUTO 'ERGAZOMENO$ 'OU PARIEI=$ TOU$
KAIROU$ KALW$ 'APERGASESQAI; TA DE-DH PERI= TON POLEMON
POTERON 'OU PERI= PLEISTOU 'ESTIN 'EU 'APERGASQENTA: 'H= "OUTW
"RA\DION, "WSTE KAI GEWRGWN TI$ "AMA POLEMIKO$ 'ESTAI KAI
SKUTOTOMWN KAI 'ALLHN TECNHN "HNTINOUN 'ERGAZOMENO$, PETTEUTIKO$
DE 'H= KUBEUTIKO$ "IKANW$ 'OUD' 'AN4 "EI$ GENOITO MH
'AUTO TOUTO 'EK PAIDO$ 'EPITHDEUWN, 'ALLA= PARERGWI CRWMENO$:
<P 374D>
KAI 'ASPIDA MEN LABWN 'H= TI 'ALLO TWN POLEMIKWN "OPLWN TE-KAI
'ORGANWN 'AUQHMERON "OPLITIKH$ 'H= TINO$ 'ALLH$ MACH$
TWN KATA POLEMON "IKANO$ 'ESTAI 'AGWNISTH$, TWN DE 'ALLWN
'ORGANWN 'OUDEN 'OUDENA DHMIOURGON 'OUDE 'AQLHTHN LHFQEN
POIHSEI2, 'OUD' 'ESTAI CRHSIMON TW*I MHTE THN 'EPISTHMHN
"EKASTOU LABONTI MHTE THN MELETHN "IKANHN PARASCOMENWI:
POLLOU GAR 'AN4, 'H*-D'-"O$, TA 'ORGANA 'H*N 'A=XIA.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OSWI MEGISTON TO TWN FULAKWN 'ERGON,
<P 374E>
TOSOUTWI SCOLH$ TE TWN 'ALLWN PLEISTH$ 'AN4 'EIH KAI 'AU
TECNH$ TE-KAI 'EPIMELEIA$ MEGISTH$ DEOMENON.
'OIMAI 'EGWGE, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'A*R'-'OUN-'OU-KAI FUSEW$ 'EPITHDEIA$ 'EI$ 'AUTO TO 'EPITHDEUMA:
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
"HMETERON DH 'ERGON 'AN4 'EIH, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'EIPER "OIOI-T'-'ESMEN,
'EKLEXASQAI TI=NE$ TE-KAI POI*AI FUSEI$ 'EPITHDEIAI 'EI$
POLEW$ FULAKHN.
"HMETERON MENTOI.
MA DI=A, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OUK-'A=RA FAULON PRAGMA 'HRAMEQA;
"OMW$ DE 'OUK 'APODEILIATEON, "OSON G' 'AN4 DUNAMI$ PAREIKHI5.


<P 375A>
'OU-GAR-'OUN, 'EFH.
'OIEI 'OUN TI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DIAFEREIN FUSIN GENNAIOU SKULAKO$
'EI$ FULAKHN NEANISKOU 'EUGENOU$:
TO POI*ON LEGEI$:
"OION 'OXUN TE-POU DEI 'AUTOIN "EKATERON 'EINAI PRO$ 'AISQHSIN
KAI 'ELAFRON PRO$ TO 'AISQANOMENON DIWKAQEIN, KAI 'ISCURON
'AU, 'EA=N DEHI5 "ELONTA DIAMACESQAI.
DEI GAR-'OUN, 'EFH, PANTWN TOUTWN.
KAI-MHN 'ANDREION GE, 'EIPER 'EU MACEITAI.
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
'ANDREIO$ DE 'EINAI 'A*RA 'EQELHSEI2 "O MH QUMOEIDH$ 'EI=TE
"IPPO$ 'EI=TE KUWN 'H= 'ALLO "OTIOUN ZWION: 'H= 'OUK 'ENNENOHKA$ "W$
<P 375B>
'AMACON TE-KAI 'ANIKHTON QUMO$, "OU PARONTO$ YUCH PASA
PRO$ PANTA 'AFOBO$ TE 'ESTI KAI 'AHTTHTO$:
'ENNENOHKA.
TA MEN-TOINUN TOU* SWMATO$ "OION DEI TON FULAKA 'EINAI,
DHLA.
NAI.
KAI-MHN-KAI TA TH$ YUCH$, "OTI4 GE QUMOEIDH.
KAI TOUTO.
PW*$ 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* GLAUKWN, 'OUK 'AGRIOI 'ALLHLOI$ TE
'ESONTAI KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ POLITAI$, 'ONTE$ TOIOUTOI TA$ FUSEI$:
MA DI=A, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'OU "RA\DIW$.
<P 375C>
'ALLA=-MENTOI DEI GE PRO$ MEN TOU$ 'OIKEIOU$ PRA\OU$ 'AUTOU$
'EINAI, PRO$ DE TOU$ POLEMIOU$ CALEPOU$; 'EI DE MH, 'OU
PERIMENOUSIN2 'ALLOU$ SFA$ DIOLESAI0, 'ALL' 'AUTOI FQHSONTAI
'AUTO DRASANTE$.
'ALHQH, 'EFH.
TI= 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, POIHSOMEN: PO=QEN "AMA PRA*ION KAI
MEGALOQUMON 'HQO$ "EURHSOMEN: 'ENANTIA GAR-POU QUMOEIDEI
PRA\EIA FUSI$.
FAINETAI.
'ALLA=-MENTOI TOUTWN GE "OPOTEROU 'AN4 STERHTAI, FULAX
'AGAQO$ 'OU MH GENHTAI; TAUTA DE 'ADUNATOI$ 'EOIKEN0, KAI "OUTW
<P 375D>
DH SUMBAINEI0 'AGAQON FULAKA 'ADUNATON GENESQAI.
KINDUNEUEI0, 'EFH.
KAI 'EGW 'APORHSA$ TE-KAI 'EPISKEYAMENO$ TA 'EMPROSQEN,
DIKAIW$ GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* FILE, 'APOROUMEN; "H$ GAR PROUQEMEQA
'EIKONO$ 'APELEIFQHMEN.
PW*$ LEGEI$:
'OUK 'ENNENOHKAMEN "OTI4 'EISIN 'A=RA FUSEI$ "OIA$ "HMEI$ 'OUK
'WIHQHMEN, 'ECOUSAI 'TANANTIA TAUTA.
POU* DH:
'IDOI MEN 'AN4 TI$ KAI 'EN 'ALLOI$ ZWIOI$, 'OU-'MENTAN "HKISTA
<P 375E>
'EN "WI "HMEI$ PAREBALLOMEN TW*I FULAKI. 'OISQA GAR-POU TWN
GENNAIWN KUNWN, "OTI4 TOUTO FUSEI 'AUTWN TO 'HQO$, PRO$ MEN
TOU$ SUNHQEI$ TE-KAI GNWRIMOU$ "W$ "OION-TE PRA\OTATOU$ 'EINAI,
PRO$ DE TOU$ 'AGNWTA$ 'TOUNANTION.
'OIDA MENTOI.
TOUTO MEN-'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DUNATON, KAI 'OU PARA FUSIN
ZHTOUMEN TOIOUTON 'EINAI TON FULAKA.
'OUK 'EOIKEN0.
'A*R'-'OUN SOI4 DOKEI0 'ETI TOUDE PROSDEISQAI "O FULAKIKO$
'ESOMENO$, PRO$ TW*I QUMOEIDEI 'ETI PROSGENESQAI FILOSOFO$
THN FUSIN:


<P 376A>
PW*$ DH: 'EFH; 'OU-GAR 'ENNOW0.
KAI TOUTO, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EN TOI$ KUSIN KATOYEI, "O= KAI 'AXION
QAUMASAI0 TOU* QHRIOU.
TO POI*ON:
"OTI4 "ON MEN 'AN4 'IDHI6 'AGNWTA, CALEPAINEI0, 'OUDE "EN KAKON
PROPEPONQW$; "ON D' 'AN4 GNWRIMON, 'ASPAZETAI, 'KAN2 MHDEN
PWPOTE "UP' 'AUTOU4 'AGAQON PEPONQHI. 'H= 'OUPW TOUTO
'EQAUMASA$:
'OU PANU, 'EFH, MECRI TOUTOU PROSESCON TON NOUN; "OTI4 DE-POU
DRA*I0 TAUTA, DHLON.
'ALLA=-MHN KOMYON GE FAINETAI TO PAQO$ 'AUTOU4 TH$
<P 376B>
FUSEW$ KAI "W$ 'ALHQW$ FILOSOFON.
PH*I DH:
"HI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OYIN 'OUDENI 'ALLWI FILHN KAI 'ECQRAN
DIAKRINEI0 'H= TW*I THN MEN KATAMAQEIN, THN DE 'AGNOHSAI0. KAITOI
PW*$ 'OUK 'AN4 FILOMAQE$ 'EIH SUNESEI TE-KAI 'AGNOIA\ "ORIZOMENON
TO TE 'OIKEION KAI TO 'ALLOTRION:
'OUDAMW$, 'H*-D'-"O$, "OPW$ 'OU=.
'ALLA=-MENTOI, 'EIPON 'EGW, TO GE FILOMAQE$ KAI FILOSOFON
'TAUTON:
'TAUTON GAR, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N QARROUNTE$ TIQWMEN KAI 'EN 'ANQRWPWI, 'EI MELLEI0
<P 376C>
PRO$ TOU$ 'OIKEIOU$ KAI GNWRIMOU$ PRA*IO$ TI$ 'ESESQAI, FUSEI
FILOSOFON KAI FILOMAQH 'AUTON DEIN 'EINAI:
TIQWMEN, 'EFH.
FILOSOFO$ DH-KAI QUMOEIDH$ KAI TACU$ KAI 'ISCURO$ "HMIN THN
FUSIN 'ESTAI "O MELLWN KALO$ 'KAGAQO$ 'ESESQAI FULAX POLEW$.
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
"OUTO$ MEN-DH 'AN4 "OUTW$ "UPARCOI. QREYONTAI DE-DH "HMIN
"OUTOI KAI PAIDEUQHSONTAI TI=NA TROPON: KAI-'A*RA TI 'PROURGOU
"HMIN 'ESTIN 'AUTO SKOPOUSI4 PRO$ TO KATIDEIN "OUPER "ENEKA
<P 376D>
PANTA SKOPOUMEN, DIKAIOSUNHN TE-KAI 'ADIKIAN TI=NA TROPON
'EN POLEI GIGNETAI: "INA MH 'EWMEN2 "IKANON LOGON 'H= SUCNON
DIEXIWMEN.
KAI "O TOU* GLAUKWNO$ 'ADELFO$, PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH, 'EGWGE
PROSDOKW0 'PROURGOU 'EINAI 'EI$ TOUTO TAUTHN THN SKEYIN.
MA DI=A, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* FILE 'ADEIMANTE, 'OUK-'A=RA 'AFETEON,
'OUD' 'EI MAKROTE=RA TUGCANEI0 'OUSA.
'OU-GAR-'OUN.
'IQI 'OUN, "WSPER 'EN MUQWI MUQOLOGOUNTE$ TE-KAI SCOLHN
'AGONTE$ LOGWI PAIDEUWMEN TOU$ 'ANDRA$.
<P 376E>
'ALLA= CRH.
TI=$ 'OUN "H PAIDEIA: 'H= CALEPON "EUREIN BELTIW TH$ "UPO
TOU* POLLOU CRONOU "HURHMENH$: 'ESTIN DE-POU "H MEN 'EPI
SWMASI GUMNASTIKH, "H D' 'EPI YUCHI MOUSIKH.
'ESTIN GAR.
'A*R'-'OUN 'OU MOUSIKHI PROTERON 'ARXOMEQA PAIDEUONTE$ 'H=
GUMNASTIKHI:
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
MOUSIKH$ D', 'EIPON, TIQEI*$ LOGOU$, 'H= 'OU=:
'EGWGE.
LOGWN DE DITTON 'EIDO$, TO MEN 'ALHQE$, YEUDO$ D' "ETERON:
NAI.


<P 377A>
PAIDEUTEON D' 'EN 'AMFOTEROI$, PROTERON D' 'EN TOI$
YEUDESIN:
'OU MANQANW0, 'EFH, PW*$ LEGEI$.
'OU MANQANEI$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OTI4 PRWTON TOI$ PAIDIOI$ MUQOU$
LEGOMEN: TOUTO DE-POU "W$ TO "OLON 'EIPEIN YEUDO$, 'ENI DE-KAI
'ALHQH. PROTERON DE MUQOI$ PRO$ TA PAIDIA 'H= GUMNASIOI$
CRWMEQA0.
'ESTI TAUTA.
TOUTO DH 'ELEGON, "OTI4 MOUSIKH$ PROTERON "APTEON 'H=
GUMNASTIKH$.
'ORQW$, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N 'OISQ' "OTI4 'ARCH PANTO$ 'ERGOU MEGISTON, 'ALLW$
<P 377B>
TE DH KAI NEWI KAI "APALWI "OTWIOUN: MALISTA GAR-DH TO=TE
PLATTETAI, KAI 'ENDUETAI TUPO$ "ON 'AN4 TI$ BOULHTAI 'ENSHMHNASQAI
"EKASTWI.
KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN.
'A*R'-'OUN "RA\DIW$ "OUTW PARHSOMEN TOU$ 'EPITUCONTA$ "UPO
TWN 'EPITUCONTWN3 MUQOU$ PLASQENTA$ 'AKOUEIN TOU$ PAIDA$
KAI LAMBANEIN 'EN TAI$ YUCAI$ "W$ 'EPI TO POLU 'ENANTIA$
DOXA$ 'EKEINAI$ "A$, 'EPEIDAN TELEWQWSIN, 'ECEIN 'OIHSOMEQA DEIN
'AUTOU$:
'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN PARHSOMEN.
PRWTON DH "HMIN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'EPISTATHTEON TOI$ MUQOPOIOI$,
<P 377C>
KAI "ON MEN 'AN4 KALON MUQON8 POIHSWSIN, 'EGKRITEON, "ON D' 'AN4
MH, 'APOKRITEON. TOU$ D' 'EGKRIQENTA$ PEISOMEN TA$ TROFOU$
TE-KAI MHTERA$ LEGEIN TOI$ PAISIN, KAI PLATTEIN TA$ YUCA$
'AUTWN TOI$ MUQOI$ POLU MALLON 'H= TA SWMATA TAI$ CERSIN;
"WN DE NU*N LEGOUSI0 TOU$ POLLOU$ 'EKBLHTEON.
POI=OU$ DH: 'EFH.
'EN TOI$ MEIZOSIN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, MUQOI$ 'OYOMEQA KAI TOU$
'ELATTOU$. DEI GAR-DH TON 'AUTON TUPON 'EINAI KAI 'TAUTON
<P 377D>
DUNASQAI TOU$ TE MEIZOU$ KAI TOU$ 'ELATTOU$. 'H= 'OUK 'OIEI:
'EGWG', 'EFH; 'ALL' 'OUK 'ENNOW0 'OUDE TOU$ MEIZOU$ TI=NA$
LEGEI$.
"OU$ "HSIODO$ TE, 'EIPON, KAI "OMHRO$ "HMIN 'ELEGETHN KAI
"OI 'ALLOI POIHTAI. "OUTOI GAR-POU MUQOU$ TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$
YEUDEI$ SUNTIQENTE$ 'ELEGON TE-KAI LEGOUSI0.
POI=OU$ DH, 'H*-D'-"O$, KAI TI= 'AUTWN MEMFOMENO$ LEGEI$:
"OPER, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, CRH KAI PRWTON KAI MALISTA MEMFESQAI,
'ALLW$ TE KAI 'EA=N TI$ MH KALW$ YEUDHTAI.
TI= TOUTO:
<P 377E>
"OTAN 'EIKAZHI5 TI$ KAKW$ 'OUSIAN8 TW*I LOGWI, PERI= QEWN TE-KAI
"HRWWN "OIOI 'EISIN, "WSPER GRAFEU$ MHDEN 'EOIKOTA GRAFWN
"OI$ 'AN4 "O=MOIA BOULHQHI GRAYAI0.
KAI-GAR, 'EFH, 'ORQW$ 'ECEI0 TA GE TOIAUTA MEMFESQAI.
'ALLA= PW*$ DH LEGOMEN KAI POI*A:
PRWTON MEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TO MEGISTON KAI PERI= TWN
MEGISTWN YEUDO$ "O 'EIPWN 'OU KALW$ 'EYEUSATO "W$ 'OURANO$
TE 'HRGASATO "A FHSI DRASAI0 'AUTON "HSIODO$, "O TE 'AU KRONO$


<P 378A>
"W$ 'ETIMWRHSATO 'AUTON. TA DE-DH TOU* KRONOU 'ERGA KAI
PAQH "UPO TOU* "UEO$, 'OUD' 'AN4 'EI 'H*N 'ALHQH 'WIMHN DEIN "RA\DIW$
"OUTW$ LEGESQAI PRO$ 'AFRONA$ TE-KAI NEOU$, 'ALLA= MALISTA
MEN SIGASQAI, 'EI DE 'ANAGKH TI$ 'H*N LEGEIN, DI' 'APORRHTWN
'AKOUEIN "W$ 'OLIGISTOU$, QUSAMENOU$ 'OU COIRON 'ALLA= TI MEGA
KAI 'APORON QUMA, "OPW$ "OTI2 'ELACISTOI$ SUNEBH 'AKOUSAI0.
KAI-GAR, 'H*-D'-"O$, "OUTOI GE "OI LOGOI CALEPOI.
<P 378B>
KAI 'OU LEKTEOI G', 'EFHN, 'W* 'ADEIMANTE, 'EN THI "HMETERA\
POLEI. 'OUDE LEKTEON NEWI 'AKOUONTI "W$ 'ADIKWN TA 'ESCATA
'OUDEN 'AN4 QAUMASTON POIOI*, 'OUD' 'AU 'ADIKOUNTA PATERA KOLAZWN
PANTI TROPWI, 'ALLA= DRWIH 'AN4 "OPER QEWN "OI PRWTOI TE-KAI
MEGISTOI.
'OU MA TON DI=A, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'OUDE 'AUTWI MOI DOKEI0 'EPITH=DEIA
'EINAI LEGEIN.
'OUDE-GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TO PARAPAN "W$ QEOI QEOI$ POLEMOUSI0
<P 378C>
TE-KAI 'EPIBOULEUOUSI0 KAI MACONTAI % 'OUDE-GAR 'ALHQH % 'EI
GE DEI "HMIN TOU$ MELLONTA$ THN POLIN FULAXEIN 'AISCISTON
NOMIZEIN TO "RA\DIW$ 'ALLHLOI$ 'APECQANESQAI % POLLOU DEI
GIGANTOMACIA$ TE MUQOLOGHTEON 'AUTOI$ KAI POIKILTEON, KAI
'ALLA$ 'ECQRA$ POLLA$ KAI PANTODAPA$ QEWN TE-KAI "HRWWN
PRO$ SUGGENEI$ TE-KAI 'OIKEIOU$ 'AUTWN % 'ALL' 'EI PW$ MELLOMEN
PEISEIN "W$ 'OUDEI$ PWPOTE POLITH$ "ETERO$ "ETERWI
'APHCQETO 'OUD' 'ESTIN TOUTO "OSION, TOIAUTA LEKTEA MALLON PRO$
<P 378D>
TA PAIDIA 'EUQU$ KAI GEROUSI KAI GRAUSI, KAI PRESBUTEROI$
GIGNOMENOI$ KAI TOU$ POIHTA$ 'EGGU$ TOUTWN 'ANAGKASTEON
LOGOPOIEIN. "HRA$ DE DESMOU$ "UPO "UEO$ KAI "HFAISTOU
"RIYEI$ "UPO PATRO$, MELLONTO$ THI MHTRI TUPTOMENHI 'AMUNEIN2,
KAI QEOMACIA$ "OSA$ "OMHRO$ PEPOIHKEN0 'OU PARADEKTEON 'EI$
THN POLIN, 'OUT' 'EN "UPONOIAI$ PEPOIHMENA$ 'OUTE 'ANEU "UPONOIWN.
"O GAR NEO$ 'OUC "OIO$-TE KRINEIN0 "OTI2 TE "UPONOIA KAI
"O= MH, 'ALL' "A 'AN4 THLIKOUTO$ 'WN LABHI6 'EN TAI$ DOXAI$ DUSEKNIPTA
<P 378E>
TE-KAI 'AMETASTATA FILEI0 GIGNESQAI; "WN DH 'ISW$
"ENEKA PERI= PANTO$ POIHTEON "A PRWTA 'AKOUOUSIN0 "OTI2 KALLISTA
MEMUQOLOGHMENA PRO$ 'ARETHN 'AKOUEIN.
'ECEI0 GAR, 'EFH, LOGON. 'ALL' 'EI TI$ 'AU KAI TAUTA 'ERWTWIH
"HMA$, TAUTA "ATTA T' 'ESTIN KAI TI=NE$ "OI MUQOI, TI=NA$ 'AN4
FAIMEN:
KAI 'EGW 'EIPON; 'W* 'ADEIMANTE, 'OUK 'ESMEN POIHTAI 'EGW TE-KAI


<P 379A>
SU 'EN TW*I PARONTI, 'ALL' 'OIKISTAI POLEW$; 'OIKISTAI$ DE
TOU$ MEN TUPOU$ PROSHKEI0 'EIDENAI 'EN "OI$ DEI MUQOLOGEIN TOU$
POIHTA$, PAR' "OU$ 'EA=N POIWSIN 'OUK 'EPITREPTEON, 'OU-MHN
'AUTOI$ GE POIHTEON MUQOU$.
'ORQW$, 'EFH; 'ALL' 'AUTO DH TOUTO, "OI TUPOI PERI= QEOLOGIA$
TI=NE$ 'AN4 'EIEN:
TOIOIDE POU TINE$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; "OIO$ TUGCANEI0 "O QEO$ 'WN,
'AEI DHPOU 'APODOTEON, 'EANTE TI$ 'AUTON 'EN 'EPESIN POIHI5 'EANTE
'EN MELESIN 'EANTE 'EN TRAGWIDIA\.
DEI GAR.
<P 379B>
'OUKOU*N 'AGAQO$ "O GE QEO$ TW*I-'ONTI TE-KAI LEKTEON "OUTW:
TI= MHN:
'ALLA=-MHN 'OUDEN GE TWN 'AGAQWN BLABERON; 'H*-GAR:
'OU MOI DOKEI0.
'A*R'-'OUN "O= MH BLABERON BLAPTEI0:
'OUDAMW$.
"O= DE MH BLAPTEI0 KAKON TI POIEI0:
'OUDE TOUTO.
"O= DE-GE MHDEN KAKON POIEI0 'OUD' 'AN4 TINO$ 'EIH KAKOU 'AITION:
PW*$ GAR:
TI= DE: 'WFELIMON TO 'AGAQON:
NAI.
'AITION 'A=RA 'EUPRAGIA$:
NAI.
'OUK-'A=RA PANTWN GE 'AITION TO 'AGAQON, 'ALLA= TWN MEN 'EU
'ECONTWN0 'AITION, TWN DE KAKWN 'ANAITION.
<P 379C>
PANTELW$ G', 'EFH.
'OUD'-'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "O QEO$, 'EPEIDH 'AGAQO$, PANTWN 'AN4
'EIH 'AITIO$, "W$ "OI POLLOI LEGOUSIN0, 'ALLA= 'OLIGWN MEN TOI$
'ANQRWPOI$ 'AITIO$, POLLWN DE 'ANAITIO$; POLU GAR 'ELATTW
'TAGAQA TWN KAKWN "HMIN, KAI TWN MEN 'AGAQWN 'OUDENA
'ALLON 'AITIATEON, TWN DE KAKWN 'A=LL' 'ATTA DEI ZHTEIN TA
'AITIA, 'ALL' 'OU TON QEON.
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH, DOKEI$ MOI LEGEIN.
'OUK-'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'APODEKTEON 'OUTE "OMHROU 'OUT' 'ALLOU
<P 379D>
POIHTOU TAUTHN THN "AMARTIAN PERI= TOU$ QEOU$ 'ANOHTW$
"AMARTANONTO$ KAI LEGONTO$ %
"W$ DOIOI9 TE9 PIQOI9 KATAKEIATAI9 'EN9 DIO$9 'OUDEI9
KHRWN1 'EMPLEIOI1, "O1 MEN1 'ESQLWN1, 'AUTAR1 "O1 DEILWN1;
KAI "WI MEN 'AN4 MEIXA$ "O ZEU$ DWI0 'AMFOTERWN,
'ALLOTE9 MEN9-TE9 KAKWI9 "O9 GE9 KURETAI9, 'ALLOTE9 D'9 'ESQLWI9;
"WI D' 'AN4 MH, 'ALL' 'AKRATA TA "E=TERA,
TON DE KAKH9 BOUBRWSTI$9 'EPI9 CQONA9 DIAN9 'ELAUNEI90;
<P 379E>
'OUD' "W$ TAMIA$ "HMIN ZEU$ %
'AGAQWN9 TE9 KAKWN9 TE9 TETUKTAI9.
THN DE TWN "ORKWN KAI SPONDWN SUGCUSIN, "HN "O PANDARO$
SUNECEEN, 'EA=N TI$ FHI DI' 'AQHNA$ TE-KAI DIO$
GEGONENAI, 'OUK 'EPAINESOMEQA, 'OUDE QEWN 'ERIN TE-KAI KRISIN


<P 380A>
DIA= QEMITO$ TE-KAI DIO$, 'OUD' 'AU, "W$ 'AISCULO$ LEGEI0
'EATEON 'AKOUEIN TOU$ NEOU$, "OTI4 %
QEO$9 MEN9 'AITIAN9 FUEI90 BROTOI$9,
"OTAN9 KAKWSAI90 DWMA9 PAMPHDHN9 QELHI95.
'ALL' 'EA=N TI$ POIHI5 'EN "OI$ TAUTA TA 'IAMBEIA 'ENESTIN, TA TH$
NIOBH$ PAQH, 'H= TA PELOPIDWN 'H= TA TRWIKA 'H= TI 'ALLO TWN
TOIOUTWN, 'H= 'OU QEOU 'ERGA 'EATEON 'AUTA LEGEIN, 'H= 'EI QEOU,
'EXEURETEON 'AUTOI$ SCEDON "ON NU*N "HMEI$ LOGON ZHTOUMEN, KAI
<P 380B>
LEKTEON "W$ "O MEN QEO$ DI=KAIA TE-KAI 'AGAQA 'HRGAZETO, "OI DE
'WNINANTO KOLAZOMENOI; "W$ DE 'AQLIOI MEN "OI DIKHN DIDONTE$,
'H*N DE-DH "O DRWN TAUTA QEO$, 'OUK 'EATEON LEGEIN TON POIHTHN.
'ALL' 'EI MEN "OTI4 'EDEHQHSAN KOLASEW$ LEGOIEN "W$
'AQLIOI "OI KAKOI, DIDONTE$ DE DIKHN 'WFELOUNTO "UPO TOU* QEOU,
'EATEON; KAKWN DE 'AITION FANAI0 QEON TINI GIGNESQAI 'AGAQON
'ONTA, DIAMACETEON PANTI TROPWI MHTE TINA LEGEIN TAUTA 'EN
THI "AUTOU POLEI, 'EI MELLEI0 'EUNOMHSESQAI, MHTE TINA 'AKOUEIN,
<P 380C>
MHTE NEWTERON MHTE PRESBUTERON, MHT' 'EN METRWI MHTE 'ANEU
METROU MUQOLOGOUNTA, "W$ 'OUTE "O=SIA 'AN4 LEGOMENA 'EI LEGOITO,
'OUTE SUMFORA "HMIN 'OUTE SUMFWNA 'AUTA "AUTOI$.
SUMYHFO$ SOI4 'EIMI, 'EFH, TOUTOU TOU* NOMOU, KAI MOI
'ARESKEI0.
"OUTO$ MEN-TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "EI$ 'AN4 'EIH TWN PERI= QEOU$
NOMWN TE-KAI TUPWN, 'EN "WI DEHSEI2 TOU$ TE LEGONTA$ LEGEIN
KAI TOU$ POIOUNTA$ POIEIN, MH PANTWN 'AITION TON QEON 'ALLA=
TWN 'AGAQWN.
KAI MAL', 'EFH, 'APOCRH.
<P 380D>
TI= DE-DH "O DEUTERO$ "ODE: 'A*RA GOHTA TON QEON 'OIEI 'EINAI
KAI "OION 'EX 'EPIBOULH$ FANTAZESQAI 'ALLOTE 'EN 'ALLAI$ 'IDEAI$
TOTE= MEN 'AUTON GIGNOMENON, KAI8 'ALLATTONTA TO "AUTOU 'EIDO$
'EI$ POLLA$ MORFA$, TOTE= DE "HMA$ 'APATWNTA KAI POIOUNTA
PERI= "AUTOU TOIAUTA DOKEIN, 'H= "APLOUN TE 'EINAI KAI PANTWN
"HKISTA TH$ "EAUTOU 'IDEA$ 'EKBAINEIN:
'OUK 'ECW0, 'EFH, NU*N GE "OUTW$ 'EIPEIN.
TI= DE TODE: 'OUK 'ANAGKH, 'EIPER TI 'EXISTAITO TH$ "AUTOU
<P 380E>
'IDEA$, 'H= 'AUTO "UF' "EAUTOU MEQISTASQAI 'H= "UP' 'ALLOU:
'ANAGKH.
'OUKOU*N "UPO MEN 'ALLOU TA 'ARISTA 'ECONTA "HKISTA 'ALLOIOUTAI
TE-KAI KINEITAI: "OION SWMA "UPO SITIWN TE-KAI POTWN
KAI PONWN, KAI PAN FUTON "UPO "EILHSEWN TE-KAI 'ANEMWN KAI
TWN TOIOUTWN PAQHMATWN, 'OU TO "UGIESTATON KAI 'ISCUROTATON


<P 381A>
"HKISTA 'ALLOIOUTAI:
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
YUCHN DE 'OU THN 'ANDREIOTATHN KAI FRONIMWTATHN "HKIST'
'AN4 TI 'EXWQEN PAQO$ TARAXEIEN TE-KAI 'ALLOIWSEIEN:
NAI.
KAI-MHN-POU-KAI TA GE SUNQETA PANTA SKEUH TE-KAI
'OIKODOMHMATA KAI 'AMFIESMATA KATA TON 'AUTON LOGON TA 'EU
'EIRGASMENA KAI 'EU 'ECONTA "UPO CRONOU TE-KAI TWN 'ALLWN
PAQHMATWN "HKISTA 'ALLOIOUTAI.
'ESTI DH TAUTA.
<P 381B>
PAN DH TO KALW$ 'ECON 'H= FUSEI 'H= TECNHI 'H= 'AMFOTEROI$
'ELACISTHN METABOLHN "UP' 'ALLOU 'ENDECETAI.
'EOIKEN0.
'ALLA=-MHN "O QEO$ GE-KAI TA TOU* QEOU PANTHI 'ARISTA 'ECEI0.
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
TAUTHI MEN-DH "HKISTA 'AN4 POLLA$ MORFA$ 'ISCOI "O QEO$.
"HKISTA DHTA.
'ALL'-'A*RA 'AUTO$ "AUTON METABALLOI 'AN4 KAI 'ALLOIOI3:
DHLON, 'EFH, "OTI4, 'EIPER 'ALLOIOUTAI.
POTERON 'OUN 'EPI TO BELTION TE-KAI KALLION METABALLEI0
"EAUTON 'H= 'EPI TO CEIRON KAI TO 'AISCION "EAUTOU:
<P 381C>
'ANAGKH, 'EFH, 'EPI TO CEIRON, 'EIPER 'ALLOIOUTAI; 'OU-GAR-POU
'ENDEA GE FHSOMEN TON QEON KALLOU$ 'H= 'ARETH$ 'EINAI.
'ORQOTATA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, LEGEI$. KAI "OUTW$ 'ECONTO$ DOKEI0
'AN4 TI$ SOI4, 'W* 'ADEIMANTE, "EKWN "AUTON CEIRW POIEIN "OPHIOUN
'H= QEWN 'H= 'ANQRWPWN:
'ADUNATON, 'EFH.
'ADUNATON 'A=RA, 'EFHN, KAI QEWI 'EQELEIN "AUTON 'ALLOIOUN0,
'ALL' "W$ 'EOIKE0, KALLISTO$ KAI 'ARISTO$ 'WN 'EI$ TO DUNATON
"EKASTO$ 'AUTWN MENEI0 'AEI "APLW$ 'EN THI "AUTOU MORFHI.
"APASA, 'EFH, 'ANAGKH 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
<P 381D>
MHDEI$ 'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* 'ARISTE, LEGETW "HMIN TWN
POIHTWN, "W$ %
QEOI9 XEINOISIN9 'EOIKOTE$9 'ALLODAPOISI9,
PANTOIOI9 TELEQONTE$9, 'EPISTRWFWSI90 POLHA$9;
MHDE PRWTEW$ KAI QETIDO$ KATAYEUDESQW MHDEI$, MHD' 'EN
TRAGWIDIAI$ MHD' 'EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$ POIHMASIN 'EISAGETW "HRAN
'HLLOIWMENHN, "W$ "IEREIAN 'AGEIROUSAN %
'INACOU9 'ARGEIOU9 POTAMOU9 PAISIN9 BIODWROI$9;
<P 381E>
KAI 'A=LLA TOIAUTA POLLA MH "HMIN YEUDESQWN. MHD' 'AU "UPO
TOUTWN 'ANAPEIQOMENAI "AI MHTERE$ TA PAIDIA 'EKDEIMATOUNTWN3,
LEGOUSAI TOU$ MUQOU$ KAKW$, "W$ 'A=RA QEOI TINE$ PERIERCONTAI
NUKTWR POLLOI$ XENOI$ KAI PANTODAPOI$ 'INDALLOMENOI, "INA
MH "AMA MEN 'EI$ QEOU$ BLASFHMWSIN, "AMA DE TOU$ PAIDA$
'APERGAZWNTAI DEILOTEROU$.
MH-GAR, 'EFH.
'ALL'-'A*RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'AUTOI MEN "OI QEOI 'EISIN "OIOI MH
METABALLEIN, "HMIN DE POIOUSIN0 DOKEIN SFA$ PANTODAPOU$
FAINESQAI, 'EXAPATWNTE$ KAI GOHTEUONTE$:
'ISW$, 'EFH.


<P 382A>
TI= DE: 'H*N-D'-'EGW; YEUDESQAI QEO$ 'EQELOI 'AN4 'H= LOGWI 'H=
'ERGWI FANTASMA PROTEINWN:
'OUK 'OIDA, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'OUK 'OISQA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OTI4 TO GE "W$ 'ALHQW$ YEUDO$, 'EI
"OION-TE TOUTO 'EIPEIN, PANTE$ QEOI TE-KAI 'ANQRWPOI MISOUSIN0:
PW*$, 'EFH, LEGEI$:
"OUTW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OTI4 TW*I KURIWTATWI POU "EAUTWN YEUDESQAI
KAI PERI= TA KURIWTATA 'OUDEI$ "EKWN 'EQELEI0, 'ALLA=
PANTWN MALISTA FOBEITAI 'EKEI 'AUTO KEKTHSQAI.
'OUDE NU*N PW, 'H*-D'-"O$, MANQANW0.
<P 382B>
'OIEI GAR TI ME, 'EFHN, SEMNON LEGEIN; 'EGW DE LEGW0 "OTI4
THI YUCHI PERI= TA 'ONTA YEUDESQAI TE-KAI 'EYEUSQAI KAI
'AMAQH 'EINAI KAI 'ENTAUQA 'ECEIN TE-KAI KEKTHSQAI TO YEUDO$
PANTE$ "HKISTA 'AN4 DEXAINTO, KAI MISOUSI0 MALISTA 'AUTO 'EN
TW*I TOIOUTWI.
POLU GE, 'EFH.
'ALLA=-MHN 'ORQOTATA G' 'AN4, "O= NUNDH 'ELEGON, TOUTO "W$
'ALHQW$ YEUDO$ KALOITO, "H 'EN THI YUCHI 'AGNOIA "H TOU* 'EYEUSMENOU;
'EPEI TO GE 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$ MIMHMA TI TOU* 'EN THI
YUCHI 'ESTIN PAQHMATO$ KAI "USTERON GEGONO$ 'EIDWLON, 'OU PANU
<P 382C>
'AKRATON YEUDO$. 'H= 'OUC "OUTW:
PANU MEN-'OUN.
TO MEN-DH TW*I-'ONTI YEUDO$ 'OU MONON "UPO QEWN 'ALLA=-KAI
"UP' 'ANQRWPWN MISEITAI.
DOKEI0 MOI.
TI= DE-DH TO 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$ YEUDO$8: PO=TE KAI TW*I2 CRHSIMON,
"WSTE MH 'AXION 'EINAI MISOU$: 'A*R' 'OU PRO$ TE TOU$
POLEMIOU$ KAI TWN KALOUMENWN0 FILWN, "OTAN DIA= MANIAN 'H=
TINA 'ANOIAN KAKON TI 'EPICEIRWSIN PRATTEIN, TO=TE 'APOTROPH$
"ENEKA "W$ FARMAKON CRHSIMON GIGNETAI: KAI 'EN "AI$ NUNDH
<P 382D>
'ELEGOMEN TAI$ MUQOLOGIAI$, DIA= TO MH 'EIDENAI "OPHI 'TALHQE$
'ECEI0 PERI= TWN PALAIWN, 'AFOMOIOUNTE$ TW*I 'ALHQEI TO YEUDO$
"OTI2 MALISTA, "OUTW CRHSIMON POIOUMEN:
KAI MALA, 'H*-D'-"O$ "OUTW$ 'ECEI0.
KATA TI= DH-'OUN TOUTWN TW*I QEWI TO YEUDO$ CRHSIMON:
POTERON DIA= TO MH 'EIDENAI TA PALAIA 'AFOMOIWN 'AN4
YEUDOITO:
GELOION 'MENTAN 'EIH, 'EFH.
POIHTH$ MEN-'A=RA YEUDH$ 'EN QEWI 'OUK 'ENI.
'OU MOI DOKEI0.
'ALLA= DEDIW$ TOU$ 'ECQROU$ YEUDOITO:
<P 382E>
POLLOU GE DEI.
'ALLA= DI' 'OIKEIWN 'ANOIAN 'H= MANIAN:
'ALL' 'OUDEI$, 'EFH, TWN 'ANOHTWN KAI MAINOMENWN QEOFILH$.
'OUK-'A=RA 'ESTIN "OU "ENEKA 'AN4 QEO$ YEUDOITO.
'OUK 'ESTIN.
PANTHI 'A=RA 'AYEUDE$ TO DAIMONION TE-KAI TO QEION.
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
KOMIDHI 'A=RA "O QEO$ "APLOUN KAI 'ALHQE$ 'EN TE 'ERGWI KAI
LOGWI, KAI-'OUTE 'AUTO$ MEQISTATAI 'OUTE 'ALLOU$ 'EXAPATA*I0, 'OUTE
KATA FANTASIA$ 'OUTE KATA LOGOU$ 'OUTE KATA SHMEIWN POMPA$,
'OUQ' "UPAR 'OUD' 'ONAR.


<P 383A>
"OUTW$, 'EFH, 'EMOIGE KAI 'AUTWI FAINETAI SOU4 LEGONTO$.
SUGCWREI$ 'A=RA, 'EFHN, TOUTON DEUTERON TUPON 'EINAI 'EN "WI
DEI PERI= QEWN KAI LEGEIN KAI POIEIN, "W$ MHTE 'AUTOU$ GOHTA$
'ONTA$ TW*I METABALLEIN "EAUTOU$ MHTE "HMA$ YEUDESI PARAGEIN
'EN LOGWI 'H= 'EN 'ERGWI:
SUGCWRW0.
POLLA 'A=RA "OMHROU 'EPAINOUNTE$, 'ALLA= TOUTO 'OUK 'EPAINESOMEQA,
THN TOU* 'ENUPNIOU POMPHN "UPO DIO$ TW*I 'AGAMEMNONI;
'OUDE 'AISCULOU, "OTAN FHI "H QETI$ TON 'APOLLW 'EN TOI$ "AUTH$
<P 383B>
GAMOI$ 'A\DONTA 'ENDATEISQAI1 TA$9 "EA$1 'EUPAIDIA$9 %
NOSWN9 T'9 'APEIROU$9 KAI9 MAKRAIWNA$9 BIOU$9,
XUMPANTA9 T'9 'EIPWN9 QEOFILEI$9 'EMA$9 TUCA$9
PAIAN'9 'EPHUFHMHSEN9, 'EUQUMWN9 'EME9.
'KAGW9 TO9 FOIBOU9 QEION9 'AYEUDE$9 STOMA9
'HLPIZON9 'EINAI9, MANTIKHI9 BRUON9 TECNHI9;
"O9 D'9, 'AUTO$9 "UMNWN9, 'AUTO$9 'EN9 QOINHI9 PARWN9,
'AUTO$9 TAD'9 'EIPWN9, 'AUTO$9 'ESTIN9 "O9 KTANWN9
TON9 PAIDA9 TON9 'EMON9 %
<P 383C>
"OTAN TI$ TOIAUTA LEGHI5 PERI= QEWN, CALEPANOUMEN TE-KAI
CORON 'OU DWSOMEN, 'OUDE TOU$ DIDASKALOU$ 'EASOMEN 'EPI
PAIDEIA\ CRHSQAI TWN NEWN, 'EI MELLOUSIN0 "HMIN "OI FULAKE$
QEOSEBEI$ TE-KAI QEIOI GIGNESQAI, KAQ' "OSON 'ANQRWPWI 'EPI
PLEISTON "OION-TE.
PANTAPASIN, 'EFH, 'EGWGE TOU$ TUPOU$ TOUTOU$ SUGCWRW0,
KAI "W$ NOMOI$ 'AN4 CRWIMHN.


<B REP3>


<P 386A>
TA MEN-DH PERI= QEOU$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TOIAUT' 'ATTA, "W$ 'EOIKEN0,
'AKOUSTEON TE-KAI 'OUK 'AKOUSTEON 'EUQU$ 'EK PAIDWN TOI$ QEOU$
TE TIMHSOUSIN5 KAI GONEA$ THN TE 'ALLHLWN FILIAN MH PERI=
SMIKROU POIHSOMENOI$.
KAI 'OIMAI G', 'EFH, 'ORQW$ "HMIN FAINESQAI.
TI= DE-DH 'EI MELLOUSIN0 'EINAI 'ANDREIOI: 'A*RA 'OU TAUTA TE
LEKTEON KAI "OI*A 'AUTOU$ POIHSAI0 "HKISTA TON QANATON DEDIENAI:
<P 386B>
'H= "HGHI0 TINA POT' 'AN4 GENESQAI 'ANDREION 'ECONTA 'EN "AUTWI TOUTO
TO DEIMA:
MA DI=A, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'OUK 'EGWGE.
TI= DE: 'TAN "AIDOU "HGOUMENON 'EINAI TE-KAI DEINA 'EINAI 'OIEI
TINA QANATOU 'ADEH 'ESESQAI KAI 'EN TAI$ MACAI$ "AIRHSESQAI
PRO "HTTH$ TE-KAI DOULEIA$ QANATON:
'OUDAMW$.
DEI DH, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "HMA$ 'EPISTATEIN KAI PERI= TOUTWN TWN MUQWN
TOI$ 'EPICEIROUSIN4 LEGEIN, KAI DEISQAI MH LOIDOREIN "APLW$
"OUTW$ TA 'EN "AIDOU 'ALLA= MALLON 'EPAINEIN, "W$ 'OUTE 'ALHQH
<P 386C>
'AN4 LEGONTA$ 'OUTE 'WFELIMA TOI$ MELLOUSIN4 MACIMOI$ 'ESESQAI.
DEI MENTOI, 'EFH.
'EXALEIYOMEN 'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'APO TOUDE TOU* 'EPOU$
'ARXAMENOI PANTA TA TOIAUTA %
BOULOIMHN9 K'9 'EPAROURO$9 'EWN9 QHTEUEMEN9 'ALLWI9
'ANDRI9 PAR'9 'AKLHRWI9, "WI9 MH9 BIOTO$9 POLU$9 'EIH9
'H=9 PASIN9 NEKUESSI9 KATAFQIMENOISIN9 'ANASSEIN9
KAI TO %
<P 386D>
'OIKIA9 DE9 QNHTOISI9 KAI9 'AQANATOISI9 FANEIH9
SMERDALE'9, 'EURWENTA9, TA9 TE9 STUGEOUSI90 QEOI9 PER9
KAI %
'W=9 POPOI9, 'H*9-"RA9 TI$9 'ESTI9 KAI9 'EIN9 'AIDAO9 DOMOISIN9
YUCH9 KAI9 'EIDWLON9, 'ATAR9 FRENE$9 'OUK9 'ENI9 PAMPAN9
KAI TO %
'OIWI9 PEPNUSQAI9, TAI1 DE9 SKIAI9 'AISSOUSI90
KAI %
YUCH9 D'9 'EK9 "REQEWN9 PTAMENH9 'AIDOSDE9 BEBHKEI9,
"ON95 POTMON9 GOOWSA9, LIPOUS'9 'ANDROTHTA9 KAI9 "HBHN9


<P 387A>
KAI TO %
YUCH9 DE9 KATA9 CQONO$9, 'HUTE9 KAPNO$9,
'WICETO9 TETRIGUIA9
KAI %
"W$9 D'9 "OTE9 NUKTERIDE$9 MUCWI9 'ANTROU9 QESPESIOIO9
TRIZOUSAI9 POTEONTAI9, 'EPEI9 KE9 TI$9 'APOPESHISIN9
"ORMAQOU9 'EK9 PETRH$9, 'ANA9 T'9 'ALLHLHISIN9 'ECONTAI9,
"W=$9 "AI9 TETRIGUIAI9 "AM'9 'HIESAN9.
<P 387B>
TAUTA KAI TA TOIAUTA PANTA PARAITHSOMEQA "OMHRON TE-KAI
TOU$ 'ALLOU$ POIHTA$ MH CALEPAINEIN 'AN2 DIAGRAFWMEN, 'OUC
"W$ 'OU POIHTIKA KAI "HDEA TOI$ POLLOI$ 'AKOUEIN, 'ALL' "OSWI
POIHTIKW=TERA, TOSOUTWI "HTTON 'AKOUSTEON PAISI KAI 'ANDRASIN
"OU$ DEI 'ELEUQEROU$ 'EINAI, DOULEIAN QANATOU MALLON
PEFOBHMENOU$.
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
'OUKOU*N 'ETI KAI TA PERI= TAUTA 'ONOMATA PANTA TA DEINA
TE-KAI FOBERA 'APOBLHTEA, KWKUTOU$ TE-KAI STUGA$ KAI
<P 387C>
'ENEROU$1 KAI 'ALIBANTA$1, KAI 'A=LLA "OSA TOUTOU TOU* TUPOU
'ONOMAZOMENA FRITTEIN DH POIEI0 "W$88 'OIETAI88 PANTA$ TOU$
'AKOUONTA$. KAI 'ISW$ 'EU 'ECEI0 PRO$ 'ALLO TI; "HMEI$ DE "UPER
TWN FULAKWN FOBOUMEQA MH 'EK TH$ TOIAUTH$ FRIKH$ QERMOTEROI
KAI MALAKWTEROI TOU* DEONTO$ GENWNTAI "HMIN.
KAI 'ORQW$ G', 'EFH, FOBOUMEQA.
'AFAIRETEA 'A=RA:
NAI.
TON DE 'ENANTION TUPON TOUTOI$ LEKTEON TE-KAI POIHTEON:
DHLA DH.
<P 387D>
KAI TOU$ 'ODURMOU$ 'A=RA 'EXAIRHSOMEN KAI TOU$ 'OIKTOU$
TOU$ TWN 'ELLOGIMWN 'ANDRWN:
'ANAGKH, 'EFH, 'EIPER KAI TA PRO=TERA.
SKOPEI5 DH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EI 'ORQW$ 'EXAIRHSOMEN 'H= 'OU=.
FAMEN DE-DH "OTI4 "O 'EPIEIKH$ 'ANHR TW*I 'EPIEIKEI, "OUPER KAI
"ETAIRO$ 'ESTIN, TO TEQNANAI 'OU DEINON "HGHSETAI.
FAMEN GAR.
'OUK-'A=RA "UPER G' 'EKEINOU "W$ DEINON TI PEPONQOTO$ 'ODUROIT'
'AN4.
'OU-DHTA.
'ALLA=-MHN-KAI TODE LEGOMEN, "W$ "O TOIOUTO$ MALISTA
'AUTO$ "AUTWI 'AUTARKH$ PRO$ TO 'EU ZHN KAI DIAFERONTW$ TWN
<P 387E>
'ALLWN "HKISTA "ETEROU PROSDEITAI.
'ALHQH, 'EFH.
"HKISTA 'A=R' 'AUTWI DEINON STERHQHNAI "UEO$ 'H= 'ADELFOU 'H=
CRHMATWN 'H= 'ALLOU TOU TWN TOIOUTWN.
"HKISTA MENTOI.
"HKIST' 'A=RA-KAI 'ODURESQAI, FEREIN DE "W$ PRA\OTATA, "OTAN
TI$ 'AUTON TOIAUTH SUMFORA KATALABHI6.
POLU GE.
'ORQW$ 'A=R' 'AN4 'EXAIROIMEN TOU$ QRHNOU$ TWN 'ONOMASTWN
'ANDRWN, GUNAIXI DE 'APODIDOIMEN, KAI-'OUDE TAUTAI$ SPOUDAIAI$,


<P 388A>
KAI "OSOI KAKOI TWN 'ANDRWN, "INA "HMIN DUSCERAINWSIN
"O=MOIA TOUTOI$ POIEIN "OU$ DH FAMEN 'EPI FULAKHI TH$ CWRA$
TREFEIN.
'ORQW$, 'EFH.
PALIN DH "OMHROU TE DEHSOMEQA KAI TWN 'ALLWN POIHTWN
MH POIEIN 'ACILLEA QEA$ PAIDA %
'ALLOT'9 'EPI9 PLEURA$9 KATAKEIMENON9, 'ALLOTE9 D'9 'AUTE9
"UPTION9, 'ALLOTE9 DE9 PRHNH9,
TOTE=9 D'9 'ORQON9 'ANASTANTA9 PLWIZONT'881 'ALUONT'9 'EPI1
<P 388B>
QIN'9 "ALO$9 'ATRUGETOIO1, MHDE 'AMFOTERAISIN9 CERSIN9
"ELONTA9 KONIN9 'AIQALOESSAN9 CEUAMENON1 KAK9 KEFALH$9,
MHDE 'A=LLA KLAIONTA TE-KAI 'ODUROMENON "OSA KAI "OI*A 'EKEINO$
'EPOIHSE, MHDE PRIAMON 'EGGU$ QEWN GEGONOTA LITANEUONTA1
TE-KAI %
KULINDOMENON9 KATA9 KOPRON9,
'EXONOMAKLHDHN9 'ONOMAZONT'9 'ANDRA9 "EKASTON9.
POLU D' 'ETI TOUTWN MALLON DEHSOMEQA MHTOI QEOU$ GE POIEIN
'ODUROMENOU$ KAI LEGONTA$ %
<P 388C>
'WMOI9 'EGW9 DEILH9, 'WMOI9 DUSARISTOTOKEIA9;
'EI D'-'OUN QEOU$, MHTOI TON GE MEGISTON TWN QEWN TOLMHSAI0
"OUTW$ 'ANOMOIW$ MIMHSASQAI, "WSTE
'W=9 POPOI9, FANAI0, 'H*9 FILON9 'ANDRA9 DIWKOMENON9 PERI=9 'ASTU1
'OFQALMOISIN9 "ORWMAI90, 'EMON9 D'9 'OLOFURETAI9 'HTOR9;
KAI %
'AI=1 'AI=1 'EGWN9, "O=9-TE9 MOI9 SARPHDONA9 FILTATON9 'ANDRWN9
<P 388D>
MOIR'9 "UPO9 PATROKLOIO9 MENOITIADAO9 DAMHNAI9.
'EI GAR, 'W* FILE 'ADEIMANTE, TA TOIAUTA "HMIN "OI NEOI SPOUDHI
'AKOUOIEN KAI MH KATAGELWIEN "W$ 'ANAXIW$ LEGOMENWN, SCOLHI
'AN4 "EAUTON GE TI$ 'ANQRWPON 'ONTA 'ANAXION "HGHSAITO TOUTWN
KAI 'EPIPLHXEIEN, 'EI KAI 'EPIOI 'AUTWI TI TOIOUTON 'H= LEGEIN 'H=
POIEIN, 'ALL' 'OUDEN 'AISCUNOMENO$ 'OUDE KARTERWN POLLOU$ 'EPI
SMIKROISIN PAQHMASIN QRHNOU$ 'AN4 'A\DOI KAI 'ODURMOU$.
<P 388E>
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
DEI DE-GE 'OU=C, "W$ 'ARTI "HMIN "O LOGO$ 'ESHMAINEN; "WI
PEISTEON, "EW$ 'AN4 TI$ "HMA$ 'ALLWI KALLIONI PEISHI6.
'OU-GAR-'OUN DEI.
'ALLA=-MHN-'OUDE FILOGELWTA$ GE DEI 'EINAI. SCEDON GAR
"OTAN TI$ 'EFIHI5 'ISCURWI GELWTI, 'ISCURAN KAI METABOLHN ZHTEI0
TO TOIOUTON.
DOKEI0 MOI, 'EFH.
'OUTE-'A=RA 'ANQRWPOU$ 'AXIOU$ LOGOU KRATOUMENOU$ "UPO


<P 389A>
GELWTO$ 'AN2 TI$ POIHI5, 'APODEKTEON, POLU DE "HTTON, 'EA=N QEOU$.
POLU MENTOI, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'OUKOU*N "OMHROU 'OUDE TA TOIAUTA 'APODEXOMEQA PERI=
QEWN %
'ASBESTO$9 D'9-'A=R'9 'ENWRTO9 GELW$9 MAKARESSI9 QEOISIN9,
"W$9 'IDON92 "HFAISTON9 DIA=9 DWMATA9 POIPNUONTA9;
'OUK 'APODEKTEON KATA TON SON LOGON.
'EI SU, 'EFH, BOULEI 'EMON TIQENAI; 'OU-GAR-'OUN-DH
<P 389B>
'APODEKTEON.
'ALLA=-MHN-KAI 'ALHQEIAN GE PERI= POLLOU POIHTEON. 'EI
GAR 'ORQW$ 'ELEGOMEN 'ARTI, KAI TW*I-'ONTI QEOISI MEN 'ACRHSTON
YEUDO$, 'ANQRWPOI$ DE CRHSIMON "W$ 'EN FARMAKOU 'EIDEI, DHLON
"OTI4 TO GE TOIOUTON 'IATROI$ DOTEON, 'IDIWTAI$ DE 'OUC "APTEON.
DHLON, 'EFH.
TOI$ 'ARCOUSIN4 DH TH$ POLEW$, 'EIPER TISIN 'ALLOI$, PROSHKEI0
YEUDESQAI 'H= POLEMIWN 'H= POLITWN "ENEKA 'EP' 'WFELIA\ TH$
POLEW$, TOI$ DE 'ALLOI$ PASIN 'OUC "APTEON TOU* TOIOUTOU;
<P 389C>
'ALLA= PRO$ GE-DH TOU$ TOIOUTOU$ 'ARCONTA$ 'IDIWTHI YEUSASQAI
'TAUTON KAI MEIZON "AMARTHMA FHSOMEN 'H= KAMNONTI PRO$ 'IATRON
'H= 'ASKOUNTI PRO$ PAIDOTRIBHN PERI= TWN TOU* "AUTOU SWMATO$
PAQHMATWN MH 'TALHQH LEGEIN, 'H= PRO$ KUBERNHTHN PERI= TH$
NEW$ TE-KAI TWN NAUTWN MH TA 'ONTA LEGONTI "OPW$ 'H= 'AUTO$
'H= TI$ TWN SUNNAUTWN PRAXEW$ 'ECEI0.
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH.
<P 389D>
'AN2 'A=R' 'ALLON TINA LAMBANHI5 YEUDOMENON 'EN THI POLEI %
TWN9 "OI=9 DHMIOERGOI9 'EASI9,
MANTIN9 'H=9 'IHTHRA9 KAKWN9 'H=9 TEKTONA9 DOURWN9,
KOLASEI2 "W$ 'EPITHDEUMA 'EISAGONTA POLEW$ "WSPER NEW$
'ANATREPTIKON TE-KAI 'OLEQRION.
'EANPER, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'EPI GE LOGWI 'ERGA TELHTAI.
TI= DE: SWFROSUNH$ 'A*RA 'OU DEHSEI2 "HMIN TOI$ NEANIAI$:
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
SWFROSUNH$ DE "W$ PLHQEI 'OU TA TOIADE MEGISTA, 'ARCONTWN0
<P 389E>
MEN "UPHKOOU$ 'EINAI, 'AUTOU$ DE 'ARCONTA$ TWN PERI= POTOU$
KAI 'AFRODI=SIA KAI PERI= 'EDWDA$ "HDONWN:
'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
TA DH TOIADE FHSOMEN 'OIMAI KALW$ LEGESQAI, "OI*A KAI
"OMHRWI DIOMHDH$ LEGEI0 %
TETTA9, SIWPHI9 "HSO9, 'EMWI9 D'9 'EPIPEIQEO9 MUQWI9,
KAI TA TOUTWN 'ECOMENA, TA %
'ISAN9 MENEA9 PNEIONTE$9 'ACAIOI9,
SIGHI9 DEIDIOTE$9 SHMANTORA$9,
KAI "OSA 'A=LLA TOIAUTA.
KALW$.
TI= DE: TA TOIADE %
'OINOBARE$9, KUNO$9 'OMMAT'9 'ECWN9, KRADIHN9 D'9 'ELAFOIO9


<P 390A>
KAI TA TOUTWN "EXH$ 'A*RA KALW$, KAI "OSA 'A=LLA TI$ 'EN LOGWI
'H= 'EN POIHSEI 'EIRHKE0 NEANIEUMATA 'IDIWTWN 'EI$ 'ARCONTA$:
'OU KALW$.
'OU-GAR 'OIMAI 'EI$ GE SWFROSUNHN NEOI$ 'EPITH=DEIA 'AKOUEIN;
'EI DE TINA 'ALLHN "HDONHN PARECETAI, QAUMASTON 'OUDEN. 'H=
PW*$ SOI4 FAINETAI:
"OUTW$, 'EFH.
TI= DE: POIEIN 'ANDRA TON SOFWTATON LEGONTA "W$ DOKEI0
'AUTWI KALLISTON 'EINAI PANTWN, "OTAN %
PARA9 PLEIAI1 'WSI1 TRAPEZAI9
<P 390B>
SITOU9 KAI9 KREIWN9, MEQU9 D'9 'EK9 KRHTHRO$9 'AFUSSWN9
'OINOCOO$9 FOREHISI9 KAI9 'EGCEIHI95 DEPAESSI9,
DOKEI0 SOI4 'EPITHDEION 'EINAI PRO$ 'EGKRATEIAN "EAUTOU 'AKOUEIN
NEWI: 'H= TO %
LIMWI9 D'9 'OIKTISTON9 QANEEIN9 KAI9 POTMON9 'EPISPEIN9:
'H= DI=A, KAQEUDONTWN0 TWN 'ALLWN QEWN TE-KAI 'ANQRWPWN
"W$, MONO$ 'EGRHGORW$ "A 'EBOULEUSATO, TOUTWN PANTWN "RA\DIW$
<P 390C>
'EPILANQANOMENON DIA= THN TWN 'AFRODISIWN 'EPIQUMIAN, KAI
"OUTW$ 'EKPLAGENTA 'IDONTA THN "HRAN, "WSTE MHD' 'EI$ TO
DWMATION 'EQELEIN 'ELQEIN, 'ALL' 'AUTOU2 BOULOMENON CAMAI
SUGGIGNESQAI, LEGONTA "W$ "OUTW$ "UPO 'EPIQUMIA$ 'ECETAI,
"W$ 'OUD' "OTE1 TO PRWTON1 'EFOITWN1 PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ FILOU$9
LHQONTE9 TOKHA$9; 'OUDE 'AREW$ TE-KAI 'AFRODITH$ "UPO
"HFAISTOU DESMON DI' "E=TERA TOIAUTA.
'OU MA TON DI=A, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'OU MOI FAINETAI 'EPITHDEION.
<P 390D>
'ALL' 'EI POU TINE$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KARTERIAI PRO$ "APANTA
KAI LEGONTAI KAI PRATTONTAI "UPO 'ELLOGIMWN 'ANDRWN, QEATEON
TE-KAI 'AKOUSTEON, "OION KAI TO %
STHQO$9 DE9 PLHXA$9 KRADIHN9 'HNIPAPE9 MUQWI9;
TETLAQI9 DH9, KRADIH9; KAI9 KUNTERON9 'ALLO9 POT'9 'ETLH$9.
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
'OU-MEN-DH DWRODOKOU$ GE 'EATEON 'EINAI TOU$ 'ANDRA$ 'OUDE
FILOCRHMATOU$.
<P 390E>
'OUDAMW$.
'OUD' 'A\STEON 'AUTOI$ "OTI4 %
DWRA9 QEOU$9 PEIQEI90, DWR'9 'AIDOIOU$9 BASILHA$9;
'OUDE TON TOU* 'ACILLEW$ PAIDAGWGON FOINIKA 'EPAINETEON
"W$ METRIW$ 'ELEGE SUMBOULEUWN 'AUTWI DWRA MEN LABONTI
'EPAMUNEIN TOI$ 'ACAIOI$, 'ANEU DE DWRWN MH 'APALLATTESQAI
TH$ MHNIO$1. 'OUD' 'AUTON TON 'ACILLEA 'AXIWSOMEN 'OUD'
"OMOLOGHSOMEN "OUTW FILOCRHMATON 'EINAI, "WSTE PARA TOU*
'AGAMEMNONO$ DWRA LABEIN, KAI TIMHN 'AU LABONTA NEKROU


<P 391A>
'APOLUEIN, 'ALLW$ DE MH 'QELEIN.
'OU=KOUN DIKAION GE, 'EFH, 'EPAINEIN TA TOIAUTA.
'OKNW0 DE-GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DI' "OMHRON LEGEIN "OTI4 'OUD' "OSION
TAUTA GE KATA 'ACILLEW$ FANAI0 KAI 'ALLWN LEGONTWN0
PEIQESQAI, KAI 'AU "W$ PRO$ TON 'APOLLW 'EI*PEN %
'EBLAYA$9 M'9 "EKAERGE9, QEWN9 'OLOWTATE9 PANTWN9;
'H*9 S'9 'AN94 TISAIMHN9, 'EI9 MOI9 DUNAMI$9 GE9 PAREIH9;
<P 391B>
KAI "W$ PRO$ TON POTAMON, QEON 'ONTA, 'APEIQW$ 'EICEN KAI
MACESQAI "ETOIMO$ 'H*N, KAI 'AU TA$ TOU* "ETEROU POTAMOU SPERCEIOU
"IERA$ TRICA$ PATROKLWI9 "HRWI9, 'EFH, KOMHN9 'OPASAIMI9
FERESQAI9, NEKRWI 'ONTI, KAI "W$ 'EDRASEN TOUTO, 'OU
PEISTEON; TA$ TE 'AU "EKTORO$ "ELXEI$ PERI= TO SHMA TO PATROKLOU
KAI TA$ TWN ZWGRHQENTWN5 SFAGA$ 'EI$ THN PURAN,
SUMPANTA TAUTA 'OU FHSOMEN 'ALHQH 'EIRHSQAI, 'OUD' 'EASOMEN
<P 391C>
PEIQESQAI TOU$ "HMETEROU$ "W$ 'ACILLEU$, QEA$ 'WN PAI$ KAI
PHLEW$, SWFRONESTATOU TE-KAI TRITOU 'APO DIO$, KAI "UPO
TW*I SOFWTATWI CEIRWNI TEQRAMMENO$, TOSAUTH$ 'H*N TARACH$
PLEW$, "WST' 'ECEIN 'EN "AUTWI NOSHMATE DUO 'ENANTIW 'ALLHLOIN,
'ANELEUQERIAN META FILOCRHMATIA$ KAI 'AU "UPERHFANIAN QEWN
TE-KAI 'ANQRWPWN.
'ORQW$, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
MH-TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, MHDE TADE PEIQWMEQA MHD' 'EWMEN2
LEGEIN, "W$ QHSEU$ POSEIDWNO$ "UO$ PEIRIQOU$ TE DIO$
<P 391D>
"WRMHSAN "OUTW$ 'EPI DEINA$ "ARPAGA$, MHDE TIN' 'ALLON QEOU
PAIDA TE-KAI "HRW TOLMHSAI0 'AN4 DEINA KAI 'ASEBH 'ERGASASQAI,
"OI*A NU*N KATAYEUDONTAI 'AUTWN; 'ALLA= PROSANAGKAZWMEN TOU$
POIHTA$ 'H= MH TOUTWN 'AUTA 'ERGA FANAI0 'H= TOUTOU$ MH 'EINAI
QEWN PAIDA$, 'AMFO=TERA DE MH LEGEIN, MHDE "HMIN 'EPICEIREIN
PEIQEIN TOU$ NEOU$ "W$ "OI QEOI KAKA GENNWSIN0, KAI "HRWE$
'ANQRWPWN 'OUDEN BELTIOU$; "OPER GAR 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN 'ELEGOMEN,
<P 391E>
'OUQ' "O=SIA TAUTA 'OUTE 'ALHQH; 'EPEDEIXAMEN GAR-POU
"OTI4 'EK QEWN KAKA GIGNESQAI 'ADUNATON.
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
KAI-MHN TOI$ GE 'AKOUOUSIN4 BLABERA; PA$ GAR "EAUTWI
SUGGNWMHN "EXEI2 KAKWI 'ONTI, PEISQEI$ "W$ 'A=RA TOIAUTA PRATTOUSIN0
TE-KAI 'EPRATTON KAI %
"OI9 QEWN9 'AGCISPOROI9,
"OI71 ZHNO$9 'EGGU$9, "WN9 KAT'9 'IDAION9 PAGON9
DIO$9 PATRWIOU9 BWMO$9 'EST'9 'EN9 'AIQERI9,
KAI1 %
'OU9 PW9 SFIN9 'EXITHLON9 "AIMA9 DAIMONWN9.
"WN "ENEKA PAUSTEON TOU$ TOIOUTOU$ MUQOU$, MH "HMIN POLLHN


<P 392A>
'EUCEREIAN 'ENTIKTWSI TOI$ NEOI$ PONHRIA$.
KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
TI= 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "HMIN 'ETI LOIPON 'EIDO$ LOGWN PE=RI
"ORIZOMENOI$ "OIOU$ TE LEKTEON KAI MH: PERI= GAR QEWN "W$ DEI
LEGESQAI 'EIRHTAI, KAI PERI= DAIMONWN TE-KAI "HRWWN KAI TWN
'EN "AIDOU.
PANU MEN-'OUN.
'OUKOU*N-KAI PERI= 'ANQRWPWN TO LOIPON 'EIH 'AN4:
DHLA DH.
'ADUNATON DH, 'W* FILE, "HMIN TOUTO GE 'EN TW*I PARONTI
TAXAI0.
PW*$:
"OTI4 'OIMAI "HMA$ 'EREIN2 "W$ 'A=RA-KAI POIHTAI KAI LOGOPOIOI
<P 392B>
KAKW$ LEGOUSIN0 PERI= 'ANQRWPWN TA MEGISTA, "OTI4 'EISIN 'ADIKOI
MEN 'EUDAIMONE$ POLLOI, DIKAIOI DE 'AQLIOI, KAI "W$ LUSITELEI0
TO 'ADIKEIN, 'EA=N LANQANHI5, "H DE DIKAIOSUNH 'ALLOTRION
MEN 'AGAQON, 'OIKEI=A DE ZHMIA; KAI TA MEN TOIAUTA 'APEREIN2
LEGEIN, TA D' 'ENANTIA TOUTWN PROSTAXEIN 'A\DEIN TE-KAI
MUQOLOGEIN. 'H= 'OUK 'OIEI:
'EU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH, 'OIDA.
'OUKOU*N 'EA=N "OMOLOGHI$ 'ORQW$ ME LEGEIN, FHSW2 SE "WMOLOGHKENAI
"A PALAI ZHTOUMEN:
'ORQW$, 'EFH, "UPELABE$.
<P 392C>
'OUKOU*N PERI= GE 'ANQRWPWN "OTI4 TOIOUTOU$ DEI LOGOU$
LEGESQAI, TO=TE DIOMOLOGHSOMEQA, "OTAN "EURWMEN "OION 'ESTIN
DIKAIOSUNH KAI "W$ FUSEI LUSITELOUN TW*I 'ECONTI, 'EANTE DOKHI5
'EANTE MH TOIOUTO$ 'EINAI:
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH.
TA MEN-DH LOGWN PE=RI 'ECETW TELO$; TO DE LEXEW$, "W$
'EGW 'OIMAI, META TOUTO SKEPTEON, KAI "HMIN "A TE LEKTEON KAI
"W$ LEKTEON PANTELW$ 'ESKEYETAI.
KAI "O 'ADEIMANTO$, TOUTO, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'OU MANQANW0 "OTI2
LEGEI$.
<P 392D>
'ALLA=-MENTOI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DEI GE; 'ISW$ 'OUN THIDE MALLON
'EISHI2. 'A*R' 'OU PANTA "OSA "UPO MUQOLOGWN 'H= POIHTWN LEGETAI
DIHGHSI$ 'OUSA TUGCANEI0 'H= GEGONOTWN 'H= 'ONTWN0 'H= MELLONTWN0:
TI= GAR, 'EFH, 'ALLO:
'A*R'-'OUN 'OUCI 'HTOI "APLHI DIHGHSEI 'H= DIA= MIMHSEW$ GIGNOMENHI
'H= DI' 'AMFOTERWN PERAINOUSIN0:
KAI TOUTO, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'ETI DEOMAI SAFESTERON MAQEIN.
GELOIO$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EOIKA DIDASKALO$ 'EINAI KAI 'ASAFH$;
"WSPER 'OUN "OI 'ADUNATOI LEGEIN, 'OU KATA "OLON 'ALL' 'APOLABWN
<P 392E>
MERO$ TI PEIRASOMAI SOI4 'EN TOUTWI DHLWSAI0 "O= BOULOMAI.
KAI MOI 'EIPE=; 'EPISTASAI TH$ 'ILIADO$ TA PRWTA, 'EN "OI$ "O
POIHTH$ FHSI TON MEN CRUSHN DEISQAI TOU* 'AGAMEMNONO$
'APOLUSAI0 THN QUGATERA, TON DE CALEPAINEIN, TON DE, 'EPEIDH


<P 393A>
'OUK 'ETUGCANEN, KATEUCESQAI TWN 'ACAIWN PRO$ TON QEON:
'EGWGE.
'OISQ' 'OUN "OTI4 MECRI MEN TOUTWN TWN 'EPWN %
KAI9 'ELISSETO9 PANTA$9 'ACAIOU$9,
'ATREIDA9 DE9 MALISTA9 DUW9, KOSMHTORE9 LAWN9
LEGEI0 TE 'AUTO$ "O POIHTH$ KAI-'OUDE 'EPICEIREI0 "HMWN THN DIANOIAN
'ALLOSE TREPEIN "W$ 'ALLO$ TI$ "O LEGWN 'H= 'AUTO$; TA DE
META TAUTA "WSPER 'AUTO$ 'WN "O CRUSH$ LEGEI0 KAI PEIRATAI0
<P 393B>
"HMA$ "OTI2 MALISTA POIHSAI0 MH "OMHRON DOKEIN 'EINAI TON
LEGONTA 'ALLA= TON "IEREA, PRESBUTHN 'ONTA. KAI THN 'ALLHN
DH PASAN SCEDON TI "OUTW PEPOIHTAI DIHGHSIN PERI= TE TWN
'EN 'ILIWI KAI PERI= TWN 'EN 'IQAKHI KAI "OLHI 'ODUSSEIA\
PAQHMATWN.
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N DIHGHSI$ MEN 'ESTIN KAI "OTAN TA$ "RHSEI$ "EKASTOTE
LEGHI5 KAI "OTAN TA METAXU TWN "RHSEWN:
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
<P 393C>
'ALL' "OTAN GE TINA LEGHI5 "RHSIN "W$ TI$ 'ALLO$ 'WN, 'A*R' 'OU
TO=TE "OMOIOUN0 'AUTON FHSOMEN "OTI2 MALISTA THN "AUTOU LEXIN
"EKASTWI "ON 'AN4 PROEIPHI6 "W$ 'EROUNTA2:
FHSOMEN; TI= GAR:
'OUKOU*N TO GE "OMOIOUN0 "EAUTON 'ALLWI 'H= KATA FWNHN 'H= KATA
SCHMA MIMEISQAI 'ESTIN 'EKEINON "WI 'AN4 TI$ "OMOIOI2:
TI= MHN:
'EN DH TW*I TOIOUTWI, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "OUTO$ TE-KAI "OI 'ALLOI
POIHTAI DIA= MIMHSEW$ THN DIHGHSIN POIOUNTAI.
PANU MEN-'OUN.
'EI DE-GE MHDAMOU "EAUTON 'APOKRUPTOITO "O POIHTH$, PASA
<P 393D>
'AN4 'AUTWI 'ANEU MIMHSEW$ "H POIHSI$ TE-KAI DIHGHSI$ GEGONUIA
'EIH. "INA DE MH 'EIPHI$ "OTI4 'OUK 'AU MANQANEI$, "OPW$ 'AN4 TOUTO
GENOITO 'EGW FRASW2. 'EI GAR "OMHRO$ 'EIPWN "OTI4 'HLQEN
"O CRUSH$ TH$ TE QUGATRO$ LUTRA FERWN KAI "IKETH$ TWN
'ACAIWN, MALISTA DE TWN BASILEWN, META TOUTO MH "W$
CRUSH$ GENOMENO$ 'ELEGEN 'ALL' 'ETI "W$ "OMHRO$, 'OISQ' "OTI4
'OUK 'AN4 MIMHSI$ 'H*N 'ALLA= "APLH DIHGHSI$. 'EICE D' 'AN4 "WDE
PW$ % FRASW2 DE 'ANEU METROU; 'OU-GAR 'EIMI POIHTIKO$ % 'ELQWN
<P 393E>
"O "IEREU$ 'HUCETO 'EKEINOI$ MEN TOU$ QEOU$ DOUNAI0 "ELONTA$ THN
TROIAN 'AUTOU$ SWQHNAI, THN DE QUGATERA "OI2 LUSAI0 DEXAMENOU$
'APOINA KAI TON QEON 'AIDESQENTA$. TAUTA DE 'EIPONTO$
'AUTOU4 "OI MEN 'ALLOI 'ESEBONTO KAI SUNHINOUN, "O DE 'AGAMEMNWN
'HGRIAINEN 'ENTELLOMENO$ NU*N TE 'APIENAI KAI 'AUQI$ MH 'ELQEIN,
MH 'AUTWI TO TE SKHPTRON KAI TA TOU* QEOU STEMMATA 'OUK
'EPARKESOI; PRIN DE LUQHNAI 'AUTOU4 THN QUGATERA, 'EN 'ARGEI
'EFH GHRASEIN META "OU6; 'APIENAI D' 'EKELEUEN KAI MH 'EREQIZEIN,


<P 394A>
"INA SW$ 'OIKADE 'ELQOI. "O DE PRESBUTH$ 'AKOUSA$ 'EDEISEN TE-KAI
'APHIEI SIGHI, 'APOCWRHSA$ DE 'EK TOU* STRATOPEDOU POLLA
TW*I 'APOLLWNI 'HUCETO, TA$ TE 'EPWNUMIA$ TOU* QEOU 'ANAKALWN0
KAI "UPOMIMNHISKWN KAI 'APAITWN 'EI TI PWPOTE 'H= 'EN NAWN
'OIKODOMHSESIN 'H= 'EN "IERWN QUSIAI$ KECARISMENON DWRHSAITO;
"WN DH CARIN KATHUCETO TEISAI0 TOU$ 'ACAIOU$ TA "A5 DAKRUA
TOI$ 'EKEINOU BELESIN. "OUTW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* "ETAIRE, 'ANEU
<P 394B>
MIMHSEW$ "APLH DIHGHSI$ GIGNETAI.
MANQANW0, 'EFH.
MANQANE TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OTI4 TAUTH$ 'AU 'ENANTIA GIGNETAI,
"OTAN TI$ TA TOU* POIHTOU TA METAXU TWN "RHSEWN
'EXAIRWN TA 'AMOIBAI*A KATALEIPHI5.
KAI TOUTO, 'EFH, MANQANW0, "OTI4 'ESTIN TO PERI= TA$ TRAGWIDIA$
TOIOUTON.
'ORQOTATA, 'EFHN, "UPELABE$, KAI 'OIMAI SOI4 'HDH DHLOUN0
"O= 'EMPROSQEN 'OUC "OIO$-T'-'H*2, "OTI4 TH$ POIHSEW$ TE-KAI MUQOLOGIA$
<P 394C>
"H MEN DIA= MIMHSEW$ "OLH 'ESTIN, "WSPER SU LEGEI$,
TRAGWIDIA TE-KAI KWMWIDIA, "H DE DI' 'APAGGELIA$ 'AUTOU4 TOU*
POIHTOU % "EUROI$ D' 'AN4 'AUTHN MALISTA POU 'EN DIQURAMBOI$ %
"H D' 'AU DI' 'AMFOTERWN 'EN TE THI TWN 'EPWN POIHSEI, POLLACOU
DE-KAI 'ALLOQI, 'EI MOI MANQANEI$.
'ALLA= SUNIHMI, 'EFH, "O= TO=TE 'EBOULOU LEGEIN.
KAI TO PRO TOUTOU DH 'ANAMNHSQHTI, "OTI4 'EFAMEN "A MEN
LEKTEON 'HDH 'EIRHSQAI, "W$ DE LEKTEON 'ETI SKEPTEON 'EINAI.
'ALLA= MEMNHMAI.
<P 394D>
TOUTO TOINUN 'AUTO 'H*N "O= 'ELEGON, "OTI4 CREIH DIOMOLOGHSASQAI
POTERON 'EASOMEN TOU$ POIHTA$ MIMOUMENOU$ "HMIN
TA$ DIHGHSEI$ POIEISQAI 'H= TA MEN MIMOUMENOU$, TA DE MH,
KAI "OPOI*A "EKA=TERA, 'H= 'OUDE MIMEISQAI.
MANTEUOMAI, 'EFH, SKOPEISQAI SE 'EI=TE PARADEXOMEQA
TRAGWIDIAN TE-KAI KWMWIDIAN 'EI$ THN POLIN, 'EI=TE-KAI 'OU=.
'ISW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ISW$ DE-KAI PLEIW 'ETI TOUTWN; 'OU-GAR-DH
'EGWGE PW 'OIDA, 'ALL' "OPHI 'AN4 "O LOGO$ "WSPER PNEUMA
FERHI5, TAUTHI 'ITEON.
KAI KALW$ G', 'EFH, LEGEI$.
<P 394E>
TODE TOINUN, 'W* 'ADEIMANTE, 'AQREI5, POTERON MIMHTIKOU$
"HMIN DEI 'EINAI TOU$ FULAKA$ 'H= 'OU=; 'H=-KAI TOUTO TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN
"EPETAI, "OTI4 "EI$ "EKASTO$ "EN MEN 'AN4 'EPITHDEUMA
KALW$ 'EPITHDEUOI, POLLA D' 'OU=, 'ALL' 'EI TOUTO 'EPICEIROI,
POLLWN 'EFAPTOMENO$ PANTWN 'APOTUGCANOI 'AN4, "WST' 'EINAI
POU 'ELLOGIMO$:
TI= D' 'OU MELLEI0:
'OUKOU*N-KAI PERI= MIMHSEW$ "O 'AUTO$ LOGO$, "OTI4 POLLA "O
'AUTO$ MIMEISQAI 'EU "WSPER "EN 'OU DUNATO$:
'OU-GAR-'OUN.


<P 395A>
SCOLHI 'A=RA 'EPITHDEUSEI2 GE TI "AMA TWN 'AXIWN LOGOU
'EPITHDEUMATWN KAI POLLA MIMHSETAI KAI 'ESTAI MIMHTIKO$,
'EPEI POU-'OUDE TA DOKOUNTA 'EGGU$ 'ALLHLWN 'EINAI DUO MIMHMATA
DUNANTAI "OI 'AUTOI "AMA 'EU MIMEISQAI, "OION KWMWIDIAN
KAI TRAGWIDIAN POIOUNTE$. 'H= 'OU MIMHMATE 'ARTI TOUTW
'EKALEI$:
'EGWGE; KAI 'ALHQH GE LEGEI$, "OTI4 'OU DUNANTAI "OI 'AUTOI.
'OUDE-MHN "RAYWIDOI GE-KAI "UPOKRITAI "AMA.
'ALHQH.
'ALL'-'OUDE-TOI "UPOKRITAI KWMWIDOI$ TE-KAI TRAGWIDOI$ "OI
<P 395B>
'AUTOI; PANTA DE TAUTA MIMHMATA. 'H= 'OU=:
MIMHMATA.
KAI 'ETI GE TOUTWN, 'W* 'ADEIMANTE, FAINETAI MOI 'EI$
SMIKRO=TERA KATAKEKERMATISQAI "H TOU* 'ANQRWPOU FUSI$, "WSTE
'ADUNATO$ 'EINAI POLLA KALW$ MIMEISQAI 'H= 'AUTA 'EKEINA PRATTEIN
"WN DH-KAI TA MIMHMATA 'ESTIN 'AFOMOIWMATA.
'ALHQESTATA, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'EI 'A=RA TON PRWTON LOGON DIASWSOMEN, TOU$ FULAKA$
"HMIN TWN 'ALLWN PASWN DHMIOURGIWN 'AFEIMENOU$ DEIN 'EINAI
<P 395C>
DHMIOURGOU$ 'ELEUQERIA$ TH$ POLEW$ PANU 'AKRIBEI$ KAI MHDEN
'ALLO 'EPITHDEUEIN "OTI2 MH 'EI$ TOUTO FEREI0, 'OUDEN DH DEOI 'AN4
'AUTOU$ 'ALLO PRATTEIN 'OUDE MIMEISQAI; 'EA=N DE MIMWNTAI,
MIMEISQAI TA TOUTOI$ PROSHKONTA 'EUQU$ 'EK PAIDWN, 'ANDREIOU$,
SWFRONA$, "OSIOU$, 'ELEUQEROU$, KAI TA TOIAUTA PANTA, TA DE
'ANELEUQERA MHTE POIEIN MHTE DEINOU$ 'EINAI MIMHSASQAI, MHDE
'ALLO MHDEN TWN 'AISCRWN, "INA MH 'EK TH$ MIMHSEW$ TOU* 'EINAI
<P 395D>
'APOLAUSWSIN. 'H= 'OUK 'HISQHSAI "OTI4 "AI MIMHSEI$, 'EA=N 'EK NEWN
PORRW DIATELESWSIN, 'EI$ 'EQH TE-KAI FUSIN KAQISTANTAI KAI
KATA SWMA KAI FWNA$ KAI KATA THN DIANOIAN:
KAI MALA, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'OU-DH 'EPITREYOMEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "WN FAMEN KHDESQAI KAI
DEIN 'AUTOU$ 'ANDRA$ 'AGAQOU$ GENESQAI, GUNAIKA MIMEISQAI
'ANDRA$ 'ONTA$, 'H= NEAN 'H= PRESBUTERAN, 'H= 'ANDRI LOIDOROUMENHN
'H= PRO$ QEOU$ 'ERIZOUSAN TE-KAI MEGALAUCOUMENHN, 'OIOMENHN
<P 395E>
'EUDAIMONA 'EINAI, 'H= 'EN SUMFORAI$ TE-KAI PENQESIN KAI QRHNOI$
'ECOMENHN; KAMNOUSAN DE 'H= 'ERWSAN 'H= 'WDINOUSAN, POLLOU KAI
DEHSOMEN.
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'OUDE-GE DOULA$ TE-KAI DOULOU$ PRATTONTA$ "OSA DOULWN.
'OUDE TOUTO.
'OUDE-GE 'ANDRA$ KAKOU$, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, DEILOU$ TE-KAI TA
'ENANTIA PRATTONTA$ "WN NUNDH 'EIPOMEN, KAKHGOROUNTA$ TE-KAI
KWMWIDOUNTA$ 'ALLHLOU$ KAI 'AISCROLOGOUNTA$, MEQUONTA$ 'H=-KAI


<P 396A>
NHFONTA$, 'H=-KAI 'A=LLA "OSA "OI TOIOUTOI KAI 'EN LOGOI$ KAI
'EN 'ERGOI$ "AMARTANOUSIN0 'EI$ "AUTOU$ TE-KAI 'EI$ 'ALLOU$, 'OIMAI
DE-'OUDE MAINOMENOI$ 'EQISTEON 'AFOMOIOUN0 "AUTOU$ 'EN LOGOI$
'OUDE 'EN 'ERGOI$; GNWSTEON MEN-GAR-KAI MAINOMENOU$ KAI
PONHROU$ 'ANDRA$ TE-KAI GUNAIKA$, POIHTEON DE 'OUDEN TOUTWN
'OUDE MIMHTEON.
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH.
TI= DE: 'H*N-D'-'EGW; CALKEUONTA$ 'H= TI 'ALLO DHMIOURGOUNTA$,
<P 396B>
'H= 'ELAUNONTA$ TRIHREI$ 'H= KELEUONTA$ TOUTOI$, 'H= TI 'ALLO TWN
PERI= TAUTA MIMHTEON:
KAI PW*$: 'EFH, "OI$ GE-'OUDE PROSECEIN TON NOUN TOUTWN
'OUDENI 'EXESTAI:
TI= DE: "IPPOU$ CREMETIZONTA$ KAI TAUROU$ MUKWMENOU$ KAI
POTAMOU$ YOFOUNTA$ KAI QALATTAN KTUPOUSAN KAI BRONTA$
KAI PANTA 'AU TA TOIAUTA 'H* MIMHSONTAI:
'ALL' 'APEIRHTAI 'AUTOI$, 'EFH, MHTE MAINESQAI MHTE MAINOMENOI$
'AFOMOIOUSQAI.
'EI 'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, MANQANW0 "A SU LEGEI$, 'ESTIN TI 'EIDO$
LEXEW$ TE-KAI DIHGHSEW$ 'EN "WI 'AN4 DIHGOITO "O TW*I-'ONTI KALO$
<P 396C>
'KAGAQO$, "OPOTE TI DEOI 'AUTON LEGEIN, KAI "ETERON 'AU 'ANOMOION
TOUTWI 'EIDO$, "OU 'AN4 'ECOITO 'AEI KAI 'EN "WI DIHGOITO "O 'ENANTIW$
'EKEINWI FU$ TE-KAI TRAFEI$.
POI*A DH, 'EFH, TAUTA:
"O MEN MOI DOKEI0, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, METRIO$ 'ANHR, 'EPEIDAN
'AFIKHTAI 'EN THI DIHGHSEI 'EPI LEXIN TINA 'H= PRAXIN 'ANDRO$
'AGAQOU, 'EQELHSEIN "W$ 'AUTO$ 'WN 'EKEINO$ 'APAGGELLEIN KAI 'OUK
'AISCUNEISQAI 'EPI THI TOIAUTHI MIMHSEI, MALISTA MEN MIMOUMENO$
<P 396D>
TON 'AGAQON 'ASFALW$ TE-KAI 'EMFRONW$ PRATTONTA, 'ELATTW DE-KAI
"HTTON 'H= "UPO NOSWN 'H= "UPO 'ERWTWN 'ESFALMENON 'H=-KAI "UPO
MEQH$ 'H= TINO$ 'ALLH$ SUMFORA$; "OTAN DE GIGNHTAI KATA TINA
"EAUTOU 'ANAXION, 'OUK 'EQELHSEIN SPOUDHI 'APEIKAZEIN "EAUTON TW*I
CEIRONI, 'EI MH 'A=RA KATA BRACU, "OTAN TI CRHSTON POIHI5, 'ALL'
'AISCUNEISQAI, "AMA MEN 'AGUMNASTO$ 'WN TOU* MIMEISQAI TOU$
TOIOUTOU$, "AMA DE-KAI DUSCERAINWN "AUTON 'EKMATTEIN TE-KAI
<P 396E>
'ENISTANAI 'EI$ TOU$ TWN KAKIONWN TUPOU$, 'ATIMAZWN THI DIANOIA\,
"OTI-MH PAIDIA$ CARIN.
'EIKO$, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N DIHGHSEI CRHSETAI "OIA\ "HMEI$ 'OLIGON PROTERON
DIHLQOMEN PERI= TA TOU* "OMHROU 'EPH, KAI 'ESTAI 'AUTOU4 "H LEXI$
METECOUSA MEN 'AMFOTERWN, MIMHSEW$ TE-KAI TH$ 'ALLH$ DIHGHSEW$,
SMIKRON DE TI MERO$ 'EN POLLWI LOGWI TH$ MIMHSEW$: 'H=
'OUDEN LEGW0:
KAI MALA, 'EFH, "OION GE 'ANAGKH TON TUPON 'EINAI TOU*
TOIOUTOU "RHTORO$.


<P 397A>
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "O MH TOIOUTO$ 'AU, "OSWI 'AN4 FAULOTERO$
'HI, PANTA TE MALLON DIHGHSETAI KAI 'OUDEN "EAUTOU 'ANAXION
'OIHSETAI 'EINAI, "WSTE PANTA 'EPICEIRHSEI2 MIMEISQAI SPOUDHI TE-KAI
'ENANTION POLLWN, KAI "A NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN, BRONTA$ TE-KAI
YOFOU$ 'ANEMWN TE-KAI CALAZWN KAI 'AXONWN TE-KAI TROCILIWN,
KAI SALPIGGWN KAI 'AULWN KAI SURIGGWN KAI PANTWN 'ORGANWN
FWNA$, KAI 'ETI KUNWN KAI PROBATWN KAI 'ORNEWN FQOGGOU$;
<P 397B>
KAI 'ESTAI DH "H TOUTOU LEXI$ "APASA DIA= MIMHSEW$ FWNAI$ TE-KAI
SCHMASIN, 'H= SMIKRON TI DIHGHSEW$ 'ECOUSA:
'ANAGKH, 'EFH, KAI TOUTO.
TAUTA TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ELEGON TA DUO 'EIDH TH$ LEXEW$.
KAI-GAR 'ESTIN, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N 'AUTOIN TO MEN SMIKRA$ TA$ METABOLA$ 'ECEI0, KAI
'EA=N TI$ 'APODIDWI0 PREPOUSAN "ARMONIAN KAI "RUQMON THI LEXEI,
'OLIGOU PRO$ THN 'AUTHN GIGNETAI LEGEIN TW*I 'ORQW$ LEGONTI KAI
'EN MIA*I "ARMONIA\ % SMIKRAI GAR "AI METABOLAI % KAI-DH-KAI 'EN
<P 397C>
"RUQMWI "WSAUTW$ PARAPLHSIWI TINI:
KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN, 'EFH, "OUTW$ 'ECEI0.
TI= DE TO TOU* "ETEROU 'EIDO$: 'OU TWN 'ENANTIWN DEITAI,
PASWN MEN "ARMONIWN, PANTWN DE "RUQMWN, 'EI MELLEI0 'AU
'OIKEIW$ LEGESQAI, DIA= TO PANTODAPA$ MORFA$ TWN METABOLWN
'ECEIN:
KAI SFO=DRA GE "OUTW$ 'ECEI0.
'A*R'-'OUN PANTE$ "OI POIHTAI KAI "OI TI LEGONTE$ 'H= TW*I "ETERWI
TOUTWN 'EPITUGCANOUSIN0 TUPWI TH$ LEXEW$ 'H= TW*I "ETERWI 'H= 'EX
'AMFOTERWN TINI SUGKERANNUNTE$:
'ANAGKH, 'EFH.
<P 397D>
TI= 'OUN POIHSOMEN: 'H*N-D'-'EGW; POTERON 'EI$ THN POLIN
PANTA$ TOUTOU$ PARADEXOMEQA 'H= TWN 'AKRATWN TON "ETERON 'H=
TON KEKRAMENON:
'EA=N "H 'EMH, 'EFH, NIKA*I2, TON TOU* 'EPIEIKOU$ MIMHTHN
'AKRATON.
'ALLA=-MHN, 'W* 'ADEIMANTE, "HDU$ GE-KAI "O KEKRAMENO$,
POLU DE "HDISTO$ PAISI TE-KAI PAIDAGWGOI$ "O 'ENANTIO$ "OU SU
"AIRHI0 KAI TW*I PLEISTWI 'OCLWI.
"HDISTO$ GAR.
'ALL' 'ISW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OUK 'AN4 'AUTON "ARMOTTEIN FAIH$ THI
<P 397E>
"HMETERA\ POLITEIA\, "OTI4 'OUK 'ESTIN DIPLOU$ 'ANHR PAR' "HMIN 'OUDE
POLLAPLOU$, 'EPEIDH "EKASTO$ "EN PRATTEI0.
'OU-GAR-'OUN "ARMOTTEI0.
'OUKOU*N DIA= TAUTA 'EN MONHI THI TOIAUTHI POLEI TON TE
SKUTOTOMON SKUTOTOMON "EURHSOMEN KAI 'OU KUBERNHTHN PRO$
THI SKUTOTOMIA\, KAI TON GEWRGON GEWRGON KAI 'OU DIKASTHN
PRO$ THI GEWRGIA\ KAI TON POLEMIKON POLEMIKON KAI 'OU
CRHMATISTHN PRO$ THI POLEMIKHI, KAI PANTA$ "OUTW:
'ALHQH, 'EFH.


<P 398A>
'ANDRA DH, "W$ 'EOIKE0, DUNAMENON "UPO SOFIA$ PANTODAPON
GIGNESQAI KAI MIMEISQAI PANTA CRHMATA, 'EI "HMIN 'AFIKOITO
'EI$ THN POLIN 'AUTO$ TE-KAI TA POIHMATA BOULOMENO$ 'EPIDEIXASQAI,
PROSKUNOIMEN 'AN4 'AUTON "W$ "IERON KAI QAUMASTON KAI
"HDUN, 'EIPOIMEN D' 'AN4 "OTI4 'OUK 'ESTIN TOIOUTO$ 'ANHR 'EN THI POLEI
PAR' "HMIN 'OUTE QEMI$ 'EGGENESQAI, 'APOPEMPOIMEN TE 'EI$ 'ALLHN
POLIN MURON KATA TH$ KEFALH$ KATACEANTE$ KAI 'ERIWI STEYANTE$,
'AUTOI D' 'AN4 TW*I 'AUSTHROTERWI KAI 'AHDESTERWI POIHTHI
<P 398B>
CRWIMEQA KAI MUQOLOGWI 'WFELIA$ "ENEKA, "O$ "HMIN THN TOU*
'EPIEIKOU$ LEXIN MIMOITO KAI TA LEGOMENA LEGOI 'EN 'EKEINOI$
TOI$ TUPOI$ "OI$ KAT' 'ARCA$ 'ENOMOQETHSAMEQA, "OTE TOU$
STRATIWTA$ 'EPECEIROUMEN PAIDEUEIN.
KAI MAL', 'EFH, "OUTW$ 'AN4 POIOIMEN, 'EI 'EF' "HMIN 'EIH.
NU*N DH, 'EIPON 'EGW, 'W* FILE, KINDUNEUEI0 "HMIN TH$ MOUSIKH$
TO PERI= LOGOU$ TE-KAI MUQOU$ PANTELW$ DIAPEPERANQAI; "A TE-GAR
LEKTEON KAI "W$ LEKTEON 'EIRHTAI.
KAI 'AUTWI MOI DOKEI0, 'EFH.
<P 398C>
'OUKOU*N META TOUTO, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TO PERI= 'WIDH$ TROPOU KAI
MELWN LOIPON:
DHLA DH.
'A*R'-'OUN 'OU PA$ 'HDH 'AN4 "EUROI "A "HMIN LEKTEON PERI= 'AUTWN
"OI*A DEI 'EINAI, 'EIPER MELLOMEN TOI$ PROEIRHMENOI$
SUMFWNHSEIN:
KAI "O GLAUKWN 'EPIGELASA$, 'EGW TOINUN, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$,
KINDUNEUW0 'EKTO$ TWN PANTWN 'EINAI; 'OU=KOUN "IKANW$
GE 'ECW0 'EN TW*I PARONTI SUMBALESQAI POI*A 'ATTA DEI "HMA$
LEGEIN; "UPOPTEUW0 MENTOI.
PANTW$ DHPOU, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PRWTON MEN TODE "IKANW$ 'ECEI$
<P 398D>
LEGEIN, "OTI4 TO MELO$ 'EK TRIWN 'ESTIN SUGKEIMENON, LOGOU TE-KAI
"ARMONIA$ KAI "RUQMOU.
NAI, 'EFH, TOUTO GE.
'OUKOU*N "OSON GE 'AUTOU4 LOGO$ 'ESTIN, 'OUDEN-DHPOU DIAFEREI0
TOU* MH 'A\DOMENOU LOGOU PRO$ TO 'EN TOI$ 'AUTOI$ DEIN TUPOI$
LEGESQAI "OI$ 'ARTI PROEIPOMEN KAI "WSAUTW$:
'ALHQH, 'EFH.
KAI-MHN THN GE "ARMONIAN KAI "RUQMON 'AKOLOUQEIN DEI TW*I
LOGWI.
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
'ALLA=-MENTOI QRHNWN GE-KAI 'ODURMWN 'EFAMEN 'EN LOGOI$
'OUDEN PROSDEISQAI.
'OU-GAR-'OUN.
<P 398E>
TI=NE$ 'OUN QRHNWDEI$ "ARMONIAI: LEGE MOI; SU GAR MOUSIKO$.
MEIXOLUDISTI, 'EFH, KAI SUNTONOLUDISTI KAI TOIAUTAI TINE$.
'OUKOU*N "AUTAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'AFAIRETEAI: 'ACRHSTOI GAR-KAI
GUNAIXIN "A$ DEI 'EPIEIKEI$ 'EINAI, MH-"OTI 'ANDRASI.
PANU GE.
'ALLA=-MHN MEQH GE FULAXIN 'APREPESTATON KAI MALAKIA
KAI 'ARGIA.
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
TI=NE$ 'OUN MALAKAI TE-KAI SUMPOTIKAI TWN "ARMONIWN:
'IASTI, 'H*-D'-"O$, KAI LUDISTI 'AU TINE$ CALARAI KALOUNTAI0.


<P 399A>
TAUTAI$ 'OUN, 'W* FILE, 'EPI POLEMIKWN 'ANDRWN 'ESQ' "OTI2
CRHSHI42:
'OUDAMW$, 'EFH; 'ALLA= KINDUNEUEI0 SOI4 DWRISTI LEIPESQAI
KAI FRUGISTI.
'OUK 'OIDA, 'EFHN 'EGW, TA$ "ARMONIA$, 'ALLA= KATALEIPE
'EKEINHN THN "ARMONIAN, "H= 'EN TE POLEMIKHI PRAXEI 'ONTO$ 'ANDREIOU
KAI 'EN PASHI BIAIWI 'ERGASIA\ PREPONTW$ 'AN4 MIMHSAITO FQOGGOU$
TE-KAI PROSWIDIA$, KAI 'APOTUCONTO$ 'H= 'EI$ TRAUMATA 'H= 'EI$
<P 399B>
QANATOU$ 'IONTO$ 'H= 'EI$ TINA 'ALLHN SUMFORAN PESONTO$, 'EN
PASI TOUTOI$ PARATETAGMENW$ KAI KARTEROUNTW$ 'AMUNOMENOU
THN TUCHN; KAI 'ALLHN 'AU 'EN 'EIRHNIKHI TE-KAI MH BIAIWI 'ALL'
'EN "EKOUSIA\ PRAXEI 'ONTO$, 'H= TINA TI PEIQONTO$ TE-KAI DEOMENOU,
'H= 'EUCHI QEON 'H= DIDACHI KAI NOUQETHSEI 'ANQRWPON, 'H= 'TOUNANTION
'ALLWI DEOMENWI 'H= DIDASKONTI 'H= METAPEIQONTI "EAUTON 'EPECONTA,
KAI 'EK TOUTWN PRAXANTA KATA NOUN, KAI MH "UPERHFANW$
'ECONTA, 'ALLA= SWFRONW$ TE-KAI METRIW$ 'EN PASI TOUTOI$
<P 399C>
PRATTONTA TE-KAI TA 'APOBAINONTA 'AGAPWNTA. TAUTA$ DUO
"ARMONIA$, BIAION, "EKOUSION, DUSTUCOUNTWN0, 'EUTUCOUNTWN0,
SWFRONWN, 'ANDREIWN "ARMONIA$8 "AITINE$ FQOGGOU$ MIMHSONTAI
KALLISTA, TAUTA$ LEIPE.
'ALL', 'H*-D'-"O$, 'OUK 'ALLA$ 'AITEI$ LEIPEIN 'H= "A$ NUNDH 'EGW
'ELEGON.
'OUK-'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, POLUCORDIA$ GE-'OUDE PANARMONIOU
"HMIN DEHSEI2 'EN TAI$ 'WIDAI$ TE-KAI MELESIN.
'OU MOI, 'EFH, FAINETAI.
TRIGWNWN 'A=RA-KAI PHKTIDWN KAI PANTWN 'ORGANWN "OSA
<P 399D>
POLUCORDA KAI POLUARMO=NIA, DHMIOURGOU$ 'OU QREYOMEN.
'OU FAINOMEQA.
TI= DE: 'AULOPOIOU$ 'H= 'AULHTA$ PARADEXHI2 'EI$ THN POLIN: 'H=
'OU TOUTO POLUCORDOTATON, KAI 'AUTA TA PANARMO=NIA 'AULOU
TUGCANEI0 'ONTA MIMHMA:
DHLA DH, 'H*-D'-"O$.
LURA DH SOI4, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI KIQARA LEIPETAI KAI8 KATA
POLIN CRHSIMA; KAI 'AU KAT' 'AGROU$ TOI$ NOMEUSI SURIGX 'AN4
TI$ 'EIH.
"W$ GOUN, 'EFH, "O LOGO$ "HMIN SHMAINEI0.
<P 399E>
'OUDEN GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAINON POIOUMEN, 'W* FILE, KRINONTE$
TON 'APOLLW KAI TA TOU* 'APOLLWNO$ 'ORGANA PRO MARSUOU
TE-KAI TWN 'EKEINOU 'ORGANWN.
MA DI=A, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'OU MOI FAINOMEQA.
KAI NH TON KUNA, 'EIPON, LELHQAMEN GE DIAKAQAIRONTE$
PALIN "HN 'ARTI TRUFAN 'EFAMEN POLIN.
SWFRONOUNTE$ GE "HMEI$, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'IQI DH, 'EFHN, KAI TA LOIPA KAQAIRWMEN. "EPOMENON GAR-DH
TAI$ "ARMONIAI$ 'AN4 "HMIN 'EIH TO PERI= "RUQMOU$, MH POIKILOU$
'AUTOU$ DIWKEIN MHDE PANTODAPA$ BASEI$, 'ALLA= BIOU "RUQMOU$
'IDEIN KOSMIOU TE-KAI 'ANDREIOU TI=NE$ 'EISIN; "OU$ 'IDONTA TON


<P 400A>
PODA TW*I TOU* TOIOUTOU LOGWI 'ANAGKAZEIN "EPESQAI KAI TO MELO$,
'ALLA= MH LOGON PODI TE-KAI MELEI. "OITINE$ D' 'AN4 'EIEN "OUTOI
"OI "RUQMOI, SON 'ERGON, "WSPER TA$ "ARMONIA$, FRASAI0.
'ALLA= MA DI=', 'EFH, 'OUK 'ECW0 LEGEIN. "OTI4 MEN-GAR TRI'
'ATTA 'ESTIN 'EIDH 'EX "WN "AI BASEI$ PLEKONTAI, "WSPER 'EN TOI$
FQOGGOI$ TETTARA, "OQEN "AI PASAI "ARMONIAI, TEQEAMENO$ 'AN4
'EIPOIMI; POI*A DE "OPOIOU BIOU MIMHMATA, LEGEIN 'OUK 'ECW0.
<P 400B>
'ALLA= TAUTA MEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI META DAMWNO$ BOULEUSOMEQA,
TI=NE$ TE 'ANELEUQERIA$ KAI "UBREW$ 'H= MANIA$ KAI
'ALLH$ KAKIA$ PREPOUSAI BASEI$, KAI TI=NA$ TOI$ 'ENANTIOI$
LEIPTEON "RUQMOU$; 'OIMAI DE ME 'AKHKOENAI 'OU SAFW$ 'ENOPLION
TE TINA 'ONOMAZONTO$ 'AUTOU4 SUNQETON KAI DAKTULON KAI "HRWION
GE, 'OUK 'OIDA "OPW$ DIAKOSMOUNTO$ KAI 'ISON 'ANW KAI KATW
TIQENTO$, 'EI$ BRACU TE-KAI MAKRON GIGNOMENON, KAI, "W$ 'EGW
'OIMAI, 'IAMBON KAI TIN' 'ALLON TROCAION 'WNOMAZE, MHKH DE-KAI
<P 400C>
BRACUTHTA$ PROSHPTE. KAI TOUTWN TISIN 'OIMAI TA$ 'AGWGA$
TOU* PODO$ 'AUTON 'OUC "HTTON YEGEIN TE-KAI 'EPAINEIN 'H= TOU$
"RUQMOU$ 'AUTOU$ % 'HTOI SUNAMFOTERON TI; 'OU-GAR 'ECW0 LEGEIN %
'ALLA= TAUTA MEN, "WSPER 'EIPON, 'EI$ DAMWNA 'ANABEBLHSQW;
DIELESQAI GAR 'OU SMIKROU LOGOU. 'H= SU 'OIEI:
MA DI=', 'OUK 'EGWGE.
'ALLA= TODE GE, "OTI4 TO TH$ 'EUSCHMOSUNH$ TE-KAI 'ASCHMOSUNH$
TW*I 'EURUQMWI TE-KAI 'ARRUQMWI 'AKOLOUQEI0, DUNASAI
DIELESQAI:
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
<P 400D>
'ALLA=-MHN TO 'EURUQMON GE-KAI TO 'ARRUQMON TO MEN TH*I
KALHI LEXEI "EPETAI "OMOIOUMENON, TO DE THI 'ENANTIA\ KAI TO
'EUARMOSTON KAI 'ANARMOSTON "WSAUTW$, 'EIPER "RUQMO$ GE-KAI
"ARMONIA LOGWI, "WSPER 'ARTI 'ELEGETO, 'ALLA= MH LOGO$ TOUTOI$.
'ALLA=-MHN, 'H*-D'-"O$, TAUTA GE LOGWI 'AKOLOUQHTEON.
TI= D' "O TROPO$ TH$ LEXEW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI "O LOGO$: 'OU
TW*I TH$ YUCH$ 'HQEI "EPETAI:
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
THI DE LEXEI TA 'A=LLA:
NAI.
'EULOGIA 'A=RA-KAI 'EUARMOSTIA KAI 'EUSCHMOSUNH KAI 'EURUQMIA
<P 400E>
'EUHQEIA\ 'AKOLOUQEI0, 'OUC "HN 'ANOIAN 'OUSAN "UPOKORIZOMENOI
KALOUMEN0 "W$8 'EUHQEIAN8, 'ALLA= THN "W$ 'ALHQW$ 'EU TE-KAI
KALW$ TO 'HQO$ KATESKEUASMENHN DIANOIAN.
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
'A*R'-'OUN 'OU PANTACOU TAUTA DIWKTEA TOI$ NEOI$, 'EI MELLOUSI0
TO "AUTWN PRATTEIN:
DIWKTEA MEN-'OUN.


<P 401A>
'ESTIN DE-GE-POU PLHRH$ MEN GRAFIKH 'AUTWN KAI PASA
"H TOIAUTH DHMIOURGIA, PLHRH$ DE "UFANTIKH KAI POIKILIA KAI
'OIKODOMIA KAI PASA 'AU "H TWN 'ALLWN SKEUWN 'ERGASIA, 'ETI
DE "H TWN SWMATWN FUSI$ KAI "H TWN 'ALLWN FUTWN; 'EN PASI
GAR TOUTOI$ 'ENESTIN 'EUSCHMOSUNH 'H= 'ASCHMOSUNH. KAI "H
MEN 'ASCHMOSUNH KAI 'ARRUQMIA KAI 'ANARMOSTIA KAKOLOGIA$
KAI KAKOHQEIA$ 'ADELFA, TA D' 'ENANTIA TOU* 'ENANTIOU, SWFRONO$
TE-KAI 'AGAQOU 'HQOU$, 'ADELFA TE-KAI MIMHMATA.
PANTELW$ MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
<P 401B>
'A*R'-'OUN TOI$ POIHTAI$ "HMIN MONON 'EPISTATHTEON KAI
PROSANAGKASTEON THN TOU* 'AGAQOU 'EIKONA 'HQOU$ 'EMPOIEIN
TOI$ POIHMASIN 'H= MH PAR' "HMIN POIEIN, 'H=-KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$
DHMIOURGOI$ 'EPISTATHTEON KAI DIAKWLUTEON TO KAKOHQE$ TOUTO
KAI 'AKOLASTON KAI 'ANELEUQERON KAI 'ASCHMON MHTE 'EN 'EIKOSI
ZWIWN MHTE 'EN 'OIKODOMHMASI MHTE 'EN 'ALLWI MHDENI DHMIOURGOUMENWI
'EMPOIEIN, 'H= "O MH "OIO$-TE-'WN 'OUK 'EATEO$ PAR' "HMIN
DHMIOURGEIN, "INA MH 'EN KAKIA$ 'EIKOSI TREFOMENOI "HMIN "OI
<P 401C>
FULAKE$ "WSPER 'EN KAKHI BOTANHI, POLLA "EKASTH$ "HMERA$
KATA SMIKRON 'APO POLLWN DREPOMENOI TE-KAI NEMOMENOI, "EN
TI SUNISTANTE$ LANQANWSIN KAKON MEGA 'EN THI "AUTWN YUCHI,
'ALL' 'EKEINOU$ ZHTHTEON TOU$ DHMIOURGOU$ TOU$ 'EUFUW$ DUNAMENOU$
'ICNEUEIN THN TOU* KALOU TE-KAI 'EUSCHMONO$ FUSIN,
"INA "WSPER 'EN "UGIEINWI TOPWI 'OIKOUNTE$ "OI NEOI 'APO PANTO$
'WFELWNTAI, "OPOQEN 'AN4 'AUTOI$ 'APO TWN KALWN 'ERGWN 'H= PRO$
'OYIN 'H= PRO$ 'AKOHN TI PROSBALHI6, "WSPER 'AURA FEROUSA 'APO
<P 401D>
CRHSTWN TOPWN "UGIEIAN, KAI 'EUQU$ 'EK PAIDWN LANQANHI5 'EI$
"OMOIOTHTA TE-KAI FILIAN KAI SUMFWNIAN TW*I KALWI LOGWI
'AGOUSA:
POLU GAR 'AN4, 'EFH, KALLISTA "OUTW TRAFEIEN.
'A*R'-'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* GLAUKWN, TOUTWN "ENEKA KURIWTATH
'EN MOUSIKHI TROFH, "OTI4 MALISTA KATADUETAI 'EI$ TO 'ENTO$ TH$
YUCH$ "O TE "RUQMO$ KAI "ARMONIA, KAI 'ERRWMENESTATA "APTETAI
'AUTH$ FERONTA THN 'EUSCHMOSUNHN, KAI POIEI0 'EUSCHMONA,
<P 401E>
'EA=N TI$ 'ORQW$ TRAFHI, 'EI DE MH, 'TOUNANTION: KAI "OTI4 'AU TWN
PARALEIPOMENWN KAI MH KALW$ DHMIOURGHQENTWN5 'H= MH KALW$
FUNTWN3 'OXUTAT' 'AN4 'AISQANOITO "O 'EKEI TRAFEI$ "W$ 'EDEI, KAI
'ORQW$ DH DUSCERAINWN TA MEN KALA 'EPAINOI KAI CAIRWN KAI
KATADECOMENO$ 'EI$ THN YUCHN TREFOIT' 'AN4 'AP' 'AUTWN KAI


<P 402A>
GIGNOITO KALO$ TE 'KAGAQO$, TA D' 'AISCRA YEGOI T' 'AN4 'ORQW$
KAI MISOI 'ETI NEO$ 'WN, PRIN LOGON DUNATO$ 'EINAI LABEIN,
'ELQONTO$ DE TOU* LOGOU 'ASPAZOIT' 'AN4 'AUTON GNWRIZWN DI'
'OIKEIOTHTA MALISTA "O "OUTW TRAFEI$:
'EMOI4 GOUN DOKEI0, 'EFH, TWN TOIOUTWN "ENEKA 'EN MOUSIKHI
'EINAI "H TROFH.
"WSPER 'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, GRAMMATWN PE=RI TO=TE "IKANW$
'EICOMEN, "OTE TA STOICEIA MH LANQANOI "HMA$ 'OLIGA 'ONTA 'EN
"APASIN "OI$ 'ESTIN PERIFEROMENA, KAI-'OUT' 'EN SMIKRWI 'OUT' 'EN
<P 402B>
MEGALWI 'HTIMAZOMEN 'AUTA, "W$ 'OU DEOI 'AISQANESQAI, 'ALLA=
PANTACOU PROUQUMOUMEQA DIAGIGNWSKEIN, "W$ 'OU PROTERON
'ESOMENOI GRAMMATIKOI PRIN "OUTW$ 'ECOIMEN %
'ALHQH.
'OUKOU*N-KAI 'EIKONA$ GRAMMATWN, 'EI POU 'H= 'EN "UDASIN 'H= 'EN
KATOPTROI$ 'EMFAINOINTO, 'OU PROTERON GNWSOMEQA, PRIN 'AN4
'AUTA GNWMEN, 'ALL' 'ESTIN TH$ 'AUTH$ TECNH$ TE-KAI MELETH$:
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
'A*R'-'OUN, "O= LEGW0, PRO$ QEWN, "OUTW$ 'OUDE MOUSIKOI PROTERON
<P 402C>
'ESOMEQA, 'OUTE 'AUTOI 'OUTE "OU$ FAMEN "HMIN PAIDEUTEON
'EINAI TOU$ FULAKA$, PRIN 'AN4 TA TH$ SWFROSUNH$ 'EIDH KAI
'ANDREIA$ KAI 'ELEUQERIOTHTO$ KAI MEGALOPREPEIA$ KAI "OSA
TOUTWN 'ADELFA KAI TA TOUTWN 'AU 'ENANTIA PANTACOU PERIFEROMENA
GNWRIZWMEN KAI 'ENONTA 'EN "OI$ 'ENESTIN 'AISQANWMEQA
KAI 'AUTA KAI 'EIKONA$ 'AUTWN, KAI-MHTE 'EN SMIKROI$ MHTE 'EN
MEGALOI$ 'ATIMAZWMEN, 'ALLA= TH$ 'AUTH$ 'OIWMEQA TECNH$ 'EINAI
KAI MELETH$:
POLLH 'ANAGKH, 'EFH.
<P 402D>
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OTOU 'AN4 SUMPIPTHI5 'EN TE THI YUCHI
KALA 'HQH 'ENONTA KAI 'EN TW*I 'EIDEI "OMOLOGOUNTA 'EKEINOI$ KAI
SUMFWNOUNTA, TOU* 'AUTOU4 METECONTA TUPOU, TOUT' 'AN4 'EIH
KALLISTON QEAMA TW*I DUNAMENWI QEASQAI:
POLU GE.
KAI-MHN TO GE KALLISTON 'ERASMIWTATON:
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
TWN DH "OTI2 MALISTA TOIOUTWN 'ANQRWPWN "O GE MOUSIKO$
'ERWIH 'AN4; 'EI DE 'ASUMFWNO$ 'EIH, 'OUK 'AN4 'ERWIH.
'OUK 'AN4, 'EI GE TI, 'EFH, KATA THN YUCHN 'ELLEIPOI; 'EI
MENTOI TI KATA TO SWMA, "UPOMEINEIEN 'AN4 "WSTE 'EQELEIN
<P 402E>
'ASPAZESQAI.
MANQANW0, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; "OTI4 'ESTIN SOI4 'H= GEGONEN0 PAIDIKA
TOIAUTA, KAI SUGCWRW0. 'ALLA= TODE MOI 'EIPE=; SWFROSUNHI
KAI "HDONHI "UPERBALLOUSHI 'ESTI TI$ KOINWNIA:
KAI PW*$: 'EFH, "H= GE 'EKFRONA POIEI0 'OUC "HTTON 'H= LUPH:
'ALLA= THI 'ALLHI 'ARETHI:


<P 403A>
'OUDAMW$.
TI= DE: "UBREI TE-KAI 'AKOLASIA\:
PANTWN MALISTA.
MEIZW DE TINA KAI 'OXUTERAN 'ECEI$ 'EIPEIN "HDONHN TH$ PERI=
TA 'AFRODI=SIA:
'OUK 'ECW0, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'OUDE-GE MANIKWTERAN.
"O DE 'ORQO$ 'ERW$ PEFUKE0 KOSMIOU TE-KAI KALOU SWFRONW$
TE-KAI MOUSIKW$ 'ERAN:
KAI MALA, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'OUDEN 'A=RA PROSOISTEON MANIKON 'OUDE SUGGENE$ 'AKOLASIA$
TW*I 'ORQWI 'ERWTI:
'OU PROSOISTEON.
<P 403B>
'OU PROSOISTEON 'A=RA "AU=TH "H "HDONH, 'OUDE KOINWNHTEON
'AUTH$ 'ERASTHI TE-KAI PAIDIKOI$ 'ORQW$ 'ERWSI4 TE-KAI 'ERWMENOI$:
'OU-MENTOI MA DI=', 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, PROSOISTEON.
"OUTW DH, "W$ 'EOIKE0, NOMOQETHSEI$ 'EN THI 'OIKIZOMENHI POLEI
FILEIN MEN-KAI SUNEINAI KAI "APTESQAI "WSPER "UEO$ PAIDIKWN
'ERASTHN, TWN KALWN CARIN, 'EA=N PEIQHI5, TA D' 'A=LLA "OUTW$
"OMILEIN PRO$ "ON TI$ SPOUDAZOI, "OPW$ MHDEPOTE DOXEI2 MAKRO=TERA
<P 403C>
TOUTWN SUGGIGNESQAI; 'EI DE MH, YOGON 'AMOUSIA$ KAI
'APEIROKALIA$ "UFEXONTA.
"OUTW$, 'EFH.
'A*R'-'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI SOI4 FAINETAI TELO$ "HMIN 'ECEIN
"O PERI= MOUSIKH$ LOGO$: "OI*4 GOUN DEI TELEUTAN, TETELEUTHKEN0;
DEI DE-POU TELEUTAN TA MOUSIKA 'EI$ TA TOU* KALOU
'ERWTIKA.
SUMFHMI 'H*-D'-"O$.
META DH MOUSIKHN GUMNASTIKHI QREPTEOI "OI NEANIAI.
TI= MHN:
DEI MEN-DH-KAI TAUTHI 'AKRIBW$ TREFESQAI 'EK PAIDWN DIA=
<P 403D>
BIOU. 'ECEI0 DE PW$, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, "WDE; SKOPEI5 DE-KAI SU.
'EMOI4 MEN-GAR 'OU FAINETAI, "O= 'AN4 CRHSTON 'HI SWMA, TOUTO THI
"AUTOU 'ARETHI YUCHN 'AGAQHN POIEIN, 'ALLA= 'TOUNANTION YUCH
'AGAQH THI "AUTH$ 'ARETHI SWMA PARECEIN "W$ "OION-TE BELTISTON;
SOI4 DE PW*$ FAINETAI:
KAI 'EMOI4, 'EFH, "OUTW$.
'OUKOU*N 'EI THN DIANOIAN "IKANW$ QERAPEUSANTE$ PARADOIMEN
'AUTHI TA PERI= TO SWMA 'AKRIBOLOGEISQAI, "HMEI$ DE "OSON TOU$
<P 403E>
TUPOU$ "UFHGHSAIMEQA, "INA MH MAKROLOGWMEN, 'ORQW$ 'AN4
POIOIMEN:
PANU MEN-'OUN.
MEQH$ MEN-DH 'EIPOMEN "OTI4 'AFEKTEON 'AUTOI$; PANTI GAR-POU
MALLON 'EGCWREI0 'H= FULAKI MEQUSQENTI MH 'EIDENAI "OPOU
GH$ 'ESTIN.
GELOION GAR, 'H*-D'-"O$, TON GE FULAKA FULAKO$ DEISQAI.
TI= DE-DH SITWN PE=RI: 'AQLHTAI MEN-GAR "OI 'ANDRE$ TOU*
MEGISTOU 'AGWNO$. 'H= 'OUCI:
NAI.


<P 404A>
'A*R'-'OUN "H TWNDE TWN 'ASKHTWN "EXI$ PROSHKOUS' 'AN4 'EIH
TOUTOI$:
'ISW$.
'ALL', 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "UPNWDH$ "AU=TH GE TI$ KAI SFALERA PRO$
"UGIEIAN. 'H= 'OUC "ORA*I$0 "OTI4 KAQEUDOUSI0 TE TON BION KAI, 'EA=N
SMIKRA 'EKBWSIN TH$ TETAGMENH$ DIAITH$, MEGALA KAI SFODRA
NOSOUSIN0 "OUTOI "OI 'ASKHTAI:
"ORW0.
KOMYOTERA$ DH TINO$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ASKHSEW$ DEI TOI$
POLEMIKOI$ 'AQLHTAI$, "OU$ GE "WSPER KUNA$ 'AGRUPNOU$ TE
'ANAGKH 'EINAI KAI "OTI2 MALISTA 'OXU "ORAN KAI 'AKOUEIN KAI
POLLA$ METABOLA$ 'EN TAI$ STRATEIAI$ METABALLONTA$ "UDATWN
<P 404B>
TE-KAI TWN 'ALLWN SITWN KAI "EILHSEWN KAI CEIMWNWN MH
'AKROSFALEI$ 'EINAI PRO$ "UGIEIAN.
FAINETAI MOI.
'A*R'-'OUN "H BELTISTH GUMNASTIKH 'ADELFH TI$ 'AN4 'EIH TH$
"APLH$ MOUSIKH$ "HN 'OLIGON PROTERON DIHIMEN:
PW*$ LEGEI$:
"APLH POU-KAI 'EPIEIKH$ GUMNASTIKH, KAI MALISTA "H TWN
PERI= TON POLEMON.
PH*I DH:
KAI PAR' "OMHROU, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TA GE TOIAUTA MAQOI 'AN4
TI$. 'OISQA GAR "OTI4 'EPI STRATIA$ 'EN TAI$ TWN "HRWWN
"ESTIASESIN 'OUTE 'ICQUSIN 'AUTOU$ "ESTIA*I0, KAI TAUTA 'EPI
<P 404C>
QALATTHI 'EN "ELLHSPONTWI 'ONTA$, 'OUTE "EFQOI$ KREASIN 'ALLA=
MONON 'OPTOI$, "A DH MALIST' 'AN4 'EIH STRATIWTAI$ 'EUPORA;
PANTACOU GAR "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN 'AUTWI TW*I PURI CRHSQAI
'EUPORWTERON 'H= 'AGGEIA SUMPERIFEREIN.
KAI MALA.
'OUDE-MHN "HDUSMATWN, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, "OMHRO$ PWPOTE
'EMNHSQH. 'H= TOUTO MEN-KAI "OI 'ALLOI 'ASKHTAI 'ISASIN, "OTI4 TW*I
MELLONTI SWMATI 'EU "EXEIN 'AFEKTEON TWN TOIOUTWN "APANTWN:
KAI 'ORQW$ GE, 'EFH, 'ISASI TE-KAI 'APECONTAI.
<P 404D>
SURAKOSIAN DE, 'W* FILE, TRAPEZAN KAI SIKELIKHN POIKILIAN
'OYOU, "W$ 'EOIKA$, 'OUK 'AINEI$, 'EIPER SOI4 TAUTA DOKEI0
'ORQW$ 'ECEIN.
'OU MOI DOKW0.
YEGEI$ 'A=RA-KAI KORINQIAN KORHN FILHN 'EINAI 'ANDRASIN
MELLOUSIN4 'EU SWMATO$ "EXEIN.
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
'OUKOU*N-KAI 'ATTIKWN PEMMATWN TA$ DOKOUSA$ 'EINAI
'EUPAQEIA$:
'ANAGKH.
"OLHN GAR 'OIMAI THN TOIAUTHN SITHSIN KAI DIAITAN THI
MELOPOIIA\ TE-KAI 'WIDHI THI 'EN TW*I PANARMONIWI KAI 'EN PASI
<P 404E>
"RUQMOI$ PEPOIHMENHI 'APEIKAZONTE$ 'ORQW$ 'AN4 'APEIKAZOIMEN.
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
'OUKOU*N 'EKEI MEN 'AKOLASIAN "H POIKILIA 'ENETIKTEN, 'ENTAUQA
DE NOSON, "H DE "APLOTH$ KATA MEN MOUSIKHN 'EN YUCAI$
SWFROSUNHN, KATA DE GUMNASTIKHN 'EN SWMASIN "UGIEIAN:
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH.


<P 405A>
'AKOLASIA$ DE-KAI NOSWN PLHQUOUSWN 'EN POLEI 'A*R' 'OU
DIKASTHRIA TE-KAI 'IATREIA POLLA 'ANOIGETAI, KAI DIKANIKH
TE-KAI 'IATRIKH SEMNUNONTAI, "OTAN DH-KAI 'ELEUQEROI POLLOI
KAI SFODRA PERI= 'AUTA SPOUDAZWSIN:
TI= GAR 'OU MELLEI0:
TH$ DE KAKH$ TE-KAI 'AISCRA$ PAIDEIA$ 'EN POLEI 'A*RA MH
TI MEIZON "EXEI$ LABEIN TEKMHRION 'H= TO DEISQAI 'IATRWN KAI
DIKASTWN 'AKRWN MH MONON TOU$ FAULOU$ TE-KAI CEIROTECNA$,
'ALLA=-KAI TOU$ 'EN 'ELEUQERWI SCHMATI PROSPOIOUMENOU$ TEQRAFQAI:
<P 405B>
'H= 'OUK 'AISCRON DOKEI0 KAI 'APAIDEUSIA$ MEGA
TEKMHRION TO 'EPAKTWI PAR' 'ALLWN, "W$ DESPOTWN TE-KAI
KRITWN, TW*I DIKAIWI 'ANAGKAZESQAI CRHSQAI, KAI 'APORIA\
'OIKEIWN:
PANTWN MEN-'OUN, 'EFH, 'AISCISTON.
'H* DOKEI0 SOI4, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TOUTOU 'AISCION 'EINAI TOUTO,
"OTAN DH TI$ MH MONON TO POLU TOU* BIOU 'EN DIKASTHRIOI$
FEUGWN TE-KAI DIWKWN KATATRIBHTAI, 'ALLA=-KAI "UPO 'APEIROKALIA$
'EP' 'AUTWI DH TOUTWI PEISQHI KALLWPIZESQAI, "W$ DEINO$
<P 405C>
'WN PERI= TO 'ADIKEIN KAI "IKANO$ PASA$ MEN STROFA$ STREFESQAI,
PASA$ DE DIEXODOU$ DIEXELQWN 'APOSTRAFHNAI LUGIZOMENO$,
"WSTE MH PARASCEIN DIKHN, KAI TAUTA SMIKRWN TE-KAI
'OUDENO$ 'AXIWN "ENEKA, 'AGNOWN "OSWI KALLION KAI 'AMEINON
TO PARASKEUAZEIN TON BION "AUTWI MHDEN DEISQAI NUSTAZONTO$
DIKASTOU:
'OU=K, 'ALLA= TOUT', 'EFH, 'EKEINOU 'ETI 'AISCION.
TO DE 'IATRIKH$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DEISQAI "OTI-MH TRAUMATWN
"ENEKA 'H= TINWN 'EPETEIWN NOSHMATWN 'EPIPESONTWN3, 'ALLA= DI'
<P 405D>
'ARGIAN TE-KAI DIAITAN "OIAN DIHLQOMEN, "REUMATWN TE-KAI
PNEUMATWN "WSPER LIMNA$ 'EMPIMPLAMENOU$ FUSA$ TE-KAI
KATARROU$ NOSHMASIN 'ONOMATA TIQESQAI 'ANAGKAZEIN TOU$
KOMYOU$ 'ASKLHPIADA$, 'OUK 'AISCRON DOKEI0:
KAI MAL', 'EFH; "W$ 'ALHQW$ KAINA TAUTA KAI 'ATOPA NOSHMATWN
'ONOMATA.
"OI*A, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "W$ 'OIMAI, 'OUK 'H*N 'EP' 'ASKLHPIOU.
<P 405E>
TEKMAIROMAI DE, "OTI4 'AUTOU4 "OI "UEI$ 'EN TROIA\ 'EURUPULWI
TETRWMENWI 'EP' 'OINON PRAMNEION 'ALFITA POLLA 'EPIPASQENTA


<P 406A>
KAI TURON 'EPIXUSQENTA, "A DH DOKEI0 FLEGMATWDH 'EINAI, 'OUK
'EMEMYANTO THI DOUSHI PIEIN, 'OUDE PATROKLWI TW*I 'IWMENWI
'EPETIMHSAN.
KAI-MEN-DH, 'EFH, 'ATOPON GE TO PWMA "OUTW$ 'ECONTI.
'OU=K, 'EI G' 'ENNOEI$, 'EIPON, "OTI4 THI PAIDAGWGIKHI TWN NOSHMATWN
TAUTHI THI NU*N 'IATRIKHI PRO TOU* 'ASKLHPIADAI 'OUK
'ECRWNTO, "W$ FASI0, PRIN "HRODIKON GENESQAI; "HRODIKO$ DE
PAIDOTRIBH$ 'WN KAI NOSWDH$ GENOMENO$, MEIXA$ GUMNASTIKHN
<P 406B>
'IATRIKHI, 'APEKNAISE PRWTON MEN-KAI MALISTA "EAUTON, 'EPEIT'
'ALLOU$ "USTERON POLLOU$.
PH*I DH: 'EFH.
MAKRON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TON QANATON "AUTWI POIHSA$. PARAKOLOUQWN
GAR TW*I NOSHMATI QANASIMWI 'ONTI 'OUTE 'IASASQAI
'OIMAI "OIO$-T'-'H*N "EAUTON, 'EN 'ASCOLIA\ TE PANTWN 'IATREUOMENO$
DIA= BIOU 'EZH, 'APOKNAIOMENO$ 'EI TI TH$ 'EIWQUIA$ DIAITH$
'EKBAIH, DUSQANATWN DE "UPO SOFIA$ 'EI$ GHRA$ 'AFIKETO.
KALON 'A=RA TO GERA$, 'EFH, TH$ TECNH$ 'HNEGKATO.
<P 406C>
"OION 'EIKO$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TON MH 'EIDOTA "OTI4 'ASKLHPIO$ 'OUK
'AGNOIA\ 'OUDE 'APEIRIA\ TOUTOU TOU* 'EIDOU$ TH$ 'IATRIKH$ TOI$
'EKGONOI$ 'OU KATEDEIXEN 'AUTO, 'ALL' 'EIDW$ "OTI4 PASI TOI$ 'EUNOMOUMENOI$
'ERGON TI "EKASTWI 'EN THI POLEI PROSTETAKTAI, "O= 'ANAGKAION
'ERGAZESQAI, KAI 'OUDENI SCOLH DIA= BIOU KAMNEIN 'IATREUOMENWI.
"O= "HMEI$ GELOIW$ 'EPI MEN TWN DHMIOURGWN 'AISQANOMEQA, 'EPI
DE TWN PLOUSIWN TE-KAI 'EUDAIMONWN DOKOUNTWN0 'EINAI 'OUK
'AISQANOMEQA.
PW*$: 'EFH.
<P 406D>
TEKTWN MEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAMNWN 'AXIOI0 PARA TOU* 'IATROU
FARMAKON PIWN 'EXEMESAI0 TO NOSHMA, 'H= KATW KAQARQEI$ 'H= KAUSEI
'H= TOMHI CRHSAMENO$ 'APHLLACQAI; 'EA=N DE TI$ 'AUTWI MAKRAN
DIAITAN PROSTATTHI5, PILIDIA TE PERI= THN KEFALHN PERITIQEI=$
KAI TA TOUTOI$ "EPOMENA, TACU 'EI*PEN "OTI4 'OU SCOLH KAMNEIN
'OUDE LUSITELEI0 "OUTW ZHN, NOSHMATI TON NOUN PROSECONTA, TH$
DE PROKEIMENH$ 'ERGASIA$ 'AMELOUNTA. KAI META TAUTA CAIREIN
<P 406E>
'EIPWN TW*I TOIOUTWI 'IATRWI, 'EI$ THN 'EIWQUIAN DIAITAN 'EMBA$,
"UGIH$ GENOMENO$ ZHI0 TA "EAUTOU PRATTWN; 'EA=N DE MH "IKANON
'HI TO SWMA "UPENEGKEIN, TELEUTHSA$ PRAGMATWN 'APHLLAGH.
KAI TW*I TOIOUTWI MEN-G', 'EFH, DOKEI0 PREPEIN "OUTW 'IATRIKHI
CRHSQAI.


<P 407A>
'A*RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OTI4 'H*N TI 'AUTWI 'ERGON, "O= 'EI MH PRATTOI,
'OUK 'ELUSITELEI ZHN:
DHLON, 'EFH.
"O DE-DH PLOUSIO$, "W$ FAMEN, 'OUDEN 'ECEI0 TOIOUTON 'ERGON
PROKEIMENON, "OU 'ANAGKAZOMENWI 'APECESQAI 'ABIWTON.
'OU=KOUN-DH LEGETAI GE.
FWKULIDOU GAR, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OUK 'AKOUEI$ PW*$ FHSI DEIN,
"OTAN1 TWI 'HDH BIO$1 'HI1 'ARETHN1 'ASKEIN1.
'OIMAI DE-GE, 'EFH, KAI PROTERON.
MHDEN 'EIPON, PERI= TOUTOU 'AUTWI MACWMEQA, 'ALL' "HMA$-'AUTOU$
DIDAXWMEN POTERON MELETHTEON TOUTO TW*I PLOUSIWI
<P 407B>
KAI 'ABIWTON TW*I MH MELETWNTI, 'H= NOSOTROFIA TEKTONIKHI
MEN-KAI TAI$ 'ALLAI$ TECNAI$ 'EMPODION THI PROSEXEI TOU* NOU,
TO DE FWKULIDOU PARAKELEUMA 'OUDEN 'EMPODIZEI0.
NAI MA TON DI=A, 'H*-D'-"O$. SCEDON GE TI PANTWN MALISTA
"H GE PERAITERW GUMNASTIKH$ "H PERITTH "AU=TH 'EPIMELEIA TOU*
SWMATO$; KAI-GAR PRO$ 'OIKONOMIA$ KAI PRO$ STRATEIA$ KAI
PRO$ "EDRAIOU$ 'EN POLEI 'ARCA$ DUSKOLO$.
TO DE-DH MEGISTON, "OTI4 KAI PRO$ MAQHSEI$ "ASTINASOUN KAI
<P 407C>
'ENNOHSEI$ TE-KAI MELETA$ PRO$ "EAUTON CALEPH, KEFALH$ TINA$
'AEI DIATASEI$ KAI 'ILIGGOU$ "UPOPTEUOUSA KAI 'AITIWMENH 'EK
FILOSOFIA$ 'EGGIGNESQAI, "WSTE, "OPHI TAUTHI 'ARETH 'ASKEITAI
KAI DOKIMAZETAI, PANTHI 'EMPODIO$; KAMNEIN GAR 'OIESQAI POIEI0
'AEI KAI 'WDINONTA MHPOTE LHGEIN PERI= TOU* SWMATO$.
'EIKO$ GE, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N TAUTA GIGNWSKONTA FWMEN KAI 'ASKLHPION TOU$
MEN FUSEI TE-KAI DIAITHI "UGIEINW$ 'ECONTA$ TA SWMATA,
<P 407D>
NOSHMA DE TI 'APOKEKRIMENON 'ISCONTA$ 'EN "AUTOI$, TOUTOI$
MEN-KAI TAUTHI THI "EXEI KATADEIXAI0 'IATRIKHN, FARMAKOI$ TE-KAI
TOMAI$ TA NOSHMATA 'EKBALLONTA 'AUTWN THN 'EIWQUIAN
PROSTATTEIN DIAITAN, "INA MH TA POLITIKA BLAPTOI, TA D'
'EISW DIA= PANTO$ NENOSHKOTA SWMATA 'OUK 'EPICEIREIN DIAITAI$
KATA SMIKRON 'APANTLOUNTA KAI 'EPICEONTA MAKRON KAI KAKON
BION 'ANQRWPWI POIEIN, KAI 'EKGONA 'AUTWN, "W$ TO 'EIKO$, "E=TERA
TOIAUTA FUTEUEIN, 'ALLA= TON MH DUNAMENON 'EN THI KAQESTHKUIA\
<P 407E>
PERIODWI ZHN MH 'OIESQAI DEIN QERAPEUEIN, "W$ 'OUTE "AUTWI 'OUTE
POLEI LUSITELH:
POLITIKON, 'EFH, LEGEI$ 'ASKLHPION.
DHLON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; KAI "OI PAIDE$ 'AUTOU4, "OTI4 TOIOUTO$ 'H*N,


<P 408A>
'OUC "ORA*I$0 "W$ KAI 'EN TROIA\ 'AGAQOI PRO$ TON POLEMON 'EFANHSAN,
KAI THI 'IATRIKHI "W$ 'EGW LEGW0, 'ECRWNTO: 'H= 'OU MEMNHSAI
"OTI4 KAI TW*I MENELEWI 'EK TOU* TRAUMATO$ "OU "O PANDARO$
'EBALEN %
"AIM'9 'EKMUZHSANTE$1 'EP'9 'HPIA9 FARMAK'9 'EPASSON1,
"OTI4 D' 'ECRHN META TOUTO 'H= PIEIN 'H= FAGEIN 'OUDEN MALLON 'H=
TW*I 'EURUPULWI PROSETATTON, "W$ "IKANWN 'ONTWN0 TWN FARMAKWN
'IASASQAI 'ANDRA$ PRO TWN TRAUMATWN "UGIEINOU$ TE-KAI
<P 408B>
KOSMIOU$ 'EN DIAITHI, 'KAN4 'EI TUCOIEN 'EN TW*I PARACRHMA KUKEWNA
PIONTE$, NOSWDH DE FUSEI TE-KAI 'AKOLASTON 'OUTE 'AUTOI$
'OUTE TOI$ 'ALLOI$ 'WIONTO LUSITELEIN ZHN, 'OUD' 'EPI TOUTOI$ THN
TECNHN DEIN 'EINAI, 'OUDE QERAPEUTEON 'AUTOU$, 'OUD' 'EI MIDOU
PLOUSIWTEROI 'EIEN.
PANU KOMYOU$, 'EFH, LEGEI$ 'ASKLHPIOU PAIDA$.
PREPEI0, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAITOI 'APEIQOUNTE$ GE "HMIN "OI TRAGWIDOPOIOI
TE-KAI PINDARO$ 'APOLLWNO$ MEN FASIN0 'ASKLHPION
'EINAI, "UPO DE CRUSOU PEISQHNAI PLOUSION 'ANDRA QANASIMON
<P 408C>
'HDH 'ONTA 'IASASQAI, "OQEN DH-KAI KERAUNWQHNAI 'AUTON. "HMEI$
DE KATA TA PROEIRHMENA 'OU PEISOMEQA 'AUTOI$ 'AMFO=TERA,
'ALL' 'EI MEN QEOU 'H*N, 'OUK 'H*N, FHSOMEN, 'AISCROKERDH$; 'EI D'
'AISCROKERDH$, 'OUK 'H*N QEOU.
'ORQOTATA, 'H*-D'-"O$, TAUTA GE. 'ALLA= PERI= TOUDE TI=
LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$: 'A*R' 'OUK 'AGAQOU$ DEI 'EN THI POLEI
KEKTHSQAI 'IATROU$: 'EIEN D' 'AN4 POU MALISTA TOIOUTOI "OSOI
<P 408D>
PLEISTOU$ MEN "UGIEINOU$, PLEISTOU$ DE NOSWDEI$ METECEIRISANTO,
KAI DIKASTAI 'AU "WSAUTW$ "OI PANTODAPAI$ FUSESIN
"WMILHKOTE$.
KAI MALA, 'EIPON, 'AGAQOU$ LEGW0. 'ALL' 'OISQA "OU$ "HGOUMAI
TOIOUTOU$:
'AN2 'EIPHI$, 'EFH.
'ALLA= PEIRASOMAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; SU MENTOI 'OUC "OMOION
PRAGMA TW*I 'AUTWI LOGWI 'HROU.
PW*$: 'EFH.
'IATROI MEN, 'EIPON, DEINOTATOI 'AN4 GENOINTO, 'EI 'EK PAIDWN
'ARXAMENOI PRO$ TW*I MANQANEIN THN TECNHN "W$ PLEISTOI$ TE-KAI
PONHROTATOI$ SWMASIN "OMILHSEIAN KAI 'AUTOI PASA$
<P 408E>
NOSOU$ KAMOIEN KAI 'EIEN MH PANU "UGIEINOI FUSEI. 'OU-GAR
'OIMAI SWMATI SWMA QERAPEUOUSIN0 % 'OU-GAR 'AN4 'AUTA
'ENECWREI KAKA 'EINAI POTE KAI GENESQAI % 'ALLA= YUCHI
SWMA, "HI 'OUK 'EGCWREI0 KAKHN GENOMENHN TE-KAI 'OUSAN 'EU TI
QERAPEUEIN.
'ORQW$, 'EFH.


<P 409A>
DIKASTH$ DE-GE, 'W* FILE, YUCHI YUCH$ 'ARCEI0, "HI 'OUK
'EGCWREI0 'EK NEA$ 'EN PONHRAI$ YUCAI$ TEQRAFQAI TE-KAI
"WMILHKENAI KAI PANTA 'ADIKHMATA 'AUTHN 'HDIKHKUIAN DIEXELHLUQENAI,
"WSTE 'OXEW$ 'AF' "AUTH$ TEKMAIRESQAI TA TWN 'ALLWN
'ADIKHMATA "OION KATA SWMA NOSOU$; 'ALL' 'APEIRON 'AUTHN KAI
'AKERAION DEI KAKWN 'HQWN NEAN 'OUSAN GEGONENAI, 'EI MELLEI0
KALH 'KAGAQH 'OUSA KRINEIN2 "UGIW$ TA DI=KAIA. DIO DH-KAI
'EUHQEI$ NEOI 'ONTE$ "OI 'EPIEIKEI$ FAINONTAI KAI 'EUEXAPATHTOI
<P 409B>
"UPO TWN 'ADIKWN, "ATE 'OUK 'ECONTE$ 'EN "EAUTOI$ PARADEIGMATA
"OMOIOPAQH TOI$ PONHROI$.
KAI-MEN-DH, 'EFH, SFODRA GE 'AUTO PASCOUSI0.
TW*I TOI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OU NEON 'ALLA= GERONTA DEI TON
'AGAQON DIKASTHN 'EINAI, 'OYIMAQH GEGONOTA TH$ 'ADIKIA$ "OION
'ESTIN, 'OUK 'OIKEIAN 'EN THI "AUTOU YUCHI 'ENOUSAN 'HISQHMENON,
'ALL' 'ALLOTRIAN 'EN 'ALLOTRIAI$ MEMELETHKOTA 'EN POLLWI
CRONWI DIAISQANESQAI "OION PEFUKE0 KAKON, 'EPISTHMHI, 'OUK
<P 409C>
'EMPEIRIA\ 'OIKEIA\ KECRHMENON.
GENNAIOTATO$ GOUN, 'EFH, 'EOIKEN0 'EINAI "O TOIOUTO$ DIKASTH$.
KAI 'AGAQO$ GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "O= SU 'HRWTA$; "O GAR 'ECWN
YUCHN 'AGAQHN 'AGAQO$. "O DE DEINO$ 'EKEINO$ KAI KACUPOPTO$,
"O POLLA 'AUTO$ 'HDIKHKW$ KAI PANOURGO$ TE-KAI SOFO$
'OIOMENO$ 'EINAI, "OTAN MEN "OMOIOI$ "OMILHI5, DEINO$ FAINETAI
'EXEULABOUMENO$, PRO$ TA 'EN "AUTWI PARADEIGMATA 'APOSKOPWN;
"OTAN DE 'AGAQOI$ KAI PRESBUTEROI$ 'HDH PLHSIASHI6, 'ABELTERO$
<P 409D>
'AU FAINETAI, 'APISTWN PARA KAIRON KAI 'AGNOWN "UGIE$ 'HQO$,
"ATE 'OUK 'ECWN PARADEIGMA TOU* TOIOUTOU. PLEONAKI$ DE PONHROI$
'H= CRHSTOI$ 'ENTUGCANWN SOFWTERO$ 'H= 'AMAQESTERO$ DOKEI0
'EINAI "AUTWI TE-KAI 'ALLOI$.
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN, 'EFH, 'ALHQH.
'OU-TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TOIOUTON CRH TON DIKASTHN ZHTEIN
TON 'AGAQON TE-KAI SOFON, 'ALLA= TON PROTERON; PONHRIA MEN-GAR
'ARETHN TE-KAI "AUTHN 'OUPOT' 'AN4 GNOIH, 'ARETH DE FUSEW$
PAIDEUOMENH$ CRONWI "AMA "AUTH$ TE-KAI PONHRIA$ 'EPISTHMHN
<P 409E>
LHYETAI. SOFO$ 'OUN "OUTO$, "W$ MOI DOKEI0, 'ALL' 'OUC "O KAKO$
GIGNETAI.
KAI 'EMOI4, 'EFH, SUNDOKEI0.
'OUKOU*N-KAI 'IATRIKHN, "OIAN 'EIPOMEN, META TH$ TOIAUTH$
DIKASTIKH$ KATA POLIN NOMOQETHSEI$, "AI= TWN POLITWN SOI4


<P 410A>
TOU$ MEN 'EUFUEI$ TA SWMATA KAI TA$ YUCA$ QERAPEUSOUSI2,
TOU$ DE MH, "OSOI MEN KATA SWMA TOIOUTOI, 'APOQNHISKEIN
'EASOUSIN2, TOU$ DE KATA THN YUCHN KAKOFUEI$ KAI 'ANIATOU$
'AUTOI 'APOKTENOUSIN2:
TO GOUN 'ARISTON, 'EFH, 'AUTOI$ TE TOI$ PASCOUSIN4 KAI THI
POLEI "OUTW PEFANTAI.
"OI DE-DH NEOI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DHLON "OTI4 'EULABHSONTAI SOI4
DIKASTIKH$ 'EI$ CREIAN 'IENAI, THI "APLHI 'EKEINHI MOUSIKHI CRWMENOI
"HN DH 'EFAMEN SWFROSUNHN 'ENTIKTEIN.
TI= MHN: 'EFH.
<P 410B>
'A*R'-'OUN 'OU KATA 'TAUTA 'ICNH TAUTA "O MOUSIKO$ GUMNASTIKHN
DIWKWN, 'EA=N 'EQELHI5, "AIRHSEI2, "WSTE MHDEN 'IATRIKH$ DEISQAI
"OTI-MH 'ANAGKH:
'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
'AUTA GE-MHN TA GUMNA=SIA KAI TOU$ PONOU$ PRO$ TO
QUMOEIDE$ TH$ FUSEW$ BLEPWN 'KAKEINO 'EGEIRWN PONHSEI2
MALLON 'H= PRO$ 'ISCUN, 'OUC "WSPER "OI 'ALLOI 'AQLHTAI "RWMH$
"ENEKA SITIA KAI PONOU$ METACEIRIEITAI.
'ORQOTATA, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'A*R'-'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* GLAUKWN, KAI "OI KAQISTANTE$
<P 410C>
MOUSIKHI KAI GUMNASTIKHI PAIDEUEIN 'OUC "OU "ENEKA TINE$ 'OIONTAI
KAQISTASIN, "INA THI MEN TO SWMA QERAPEUOINTO, THI DE THN
YUCHN:
'ALLA= TI= MHN: 'EFH.
KINDUNEUOUSIN0, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'AMFO=TERA TH$ YUCH$ "ENEKA TO
MEGISTON KAQISTANAI.
PW*$ DH:
'OUK 'ENNOEI$, 'EIPON, "W$ DIATIQENTAI 'AUTHN THN DIANOIAN
"OI= 'AN4 GUMNASTIKHI MEN DIA= BIOU "OMILHSWSIN, MOUSIKH$ DE MH
"AYWNTAI: 'H= 'AU "OSOI 'AN4 'TOUNANTION DIATEQWSIN:
TI=NO$ DE, 'H*-D'-"O$, PE=RI LEGEI$:
<P 410D>
'AGRIOTHTO$ TE-KAI SKLHROTHTO$, KAI 'AU MALAKIA$ TE-KAI
"HMEROTHTO$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW %
'EGWGE, 'EFH; "OTI4 "OI MEN GUMNASTIKHI 'AKRATWI CRHSAMENOI
'AGRIWTEROI TOU* DEONTO$ 'APOBAINOUSIN0, "OI DE MOUSIKHI MALAKWTEROI
'AU GIGNONTAI 'H= "W$ KALLION 'AUTOI$.
KAI-MHN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TO GE 'AGRION TO QUMOEIDE$ 'AN4 TH$
FUSEW$ PARECOITO, KAI 'ORQW$ MEN TRAFEN 'ANDREION 'AN4 'EIH,
MALLON D' 'EPITAQEN TOU* DEONTO$ SKLHRON TE-KAI CALEPON
GIGNOIT' 'AN4, "W$ TO 'EIKO$.
DOKEI0 MOI, 'EFH.
<P 410E>
TI= DE: TO "HMERON 'OUC "H FILOSOFO$ 'AN4 'ECOI FUSI$, KAI
MALLON MEN 'ANEQENTO$ 'AUTOU4 MALAKWTERON 'EIH TOU* DEONTO$,
KALW$ DE TRAFENTO$ "HMERON TE-KAI KOSMION:
'ESTI TAUTA.
DEIN DE-GE FAMEN TOU$ FULAKA$ 'AMFOTE=RA 'ECEIN TOUTW
TW FUSEI.
DEI GAR.
'OUKOU*N "HRMOSQAI DEI 'AUTA$ PRO$ 'ALLHLA$:
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
KAI TOU* MEN "HRMOSMENOU SWFRWN TE-KAI 'ANDREI=A "H


<P 411A>
YUCH:
PANU GE.
TOU* DE 'ANARMOSTOU DEILH KAI 'AGROIKO$:
KAI MALA.
'OUKOU*N "OTAN MEN TI$ MOUSIKHI PARECHI5 KATAULEIN KAI
KATACEIN TH$ YUCH$ DIA= TWN 'WTWN "WSPER DIA= CWNH$ "A$
NUNDH "HMEI$ 'ELEGOMEN TA$ GLUKEIA$ TE-KAI MALAKA$ KAI
QRHNWDEI$ "ARMONIA$, KAI MINURIZWN TE-KAI GEGANWMENO$ "UPO
TH$ 'WIDH$ DIATELHI5 TON BION "OLON, "OUTO$ TO MEN PRWTON, 'EI
TI QUMOEIDE$ 'EICEN, "WSPER SIDHRON 'EMALAXEN KAI CRHSIMON
<P 411B>
'EX 'ACRHSTOU KAI SKLHROU 'EPOIHSEN. "OTAN D' 'EPECWN MH
'ANIHI5 'ALLA= KHLHI5, TO DH META TOUTO 'HDH THKEI0 KAI LEIBEI0, "EW$
'AN4 'EKTHXHI6 TON QUMON KAI 'EKTEMHI6 "WSPER NEURA 'EK TH$ YUCH$
KAI POIHSHI6 MALQAKON9 'AICMHTHN9.
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
KAI 'EA=N MEN-GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EX 'ARCH$ FUSEI 'AQUMON LABHI6,
TACU TOUTO DIEPRAXATO; 'EA=N DE QUMOEIDH, 'ASQENH POIHSA$
TON QUMON 'OXURROPON 'APHRGASATO, 'APO SMIKRWN TACU 'EREQIZOMENON
<P 411C>
TE-KAI KATASBENNUMENON. 'AKRACOLOI 'OUN-KAI 'ORGILOI
'ANTI QUMOEIDOU$ GEGENHNTAI, DUSKOLIA$ 'EMPLEWI.
KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN.
TI= DE 'AN2 'AU GUMNASTIKHI POLLA PONHI5 KAI 'EUWCHTAI 'EU
MALA, MOUSIKH$ DE-KAI FILOSOFIA$ MH "APTHTAI: 'OU PRWTON
MEN 'EU 'ISCWN TO SWMA FRONHMATO$ TE-KAI QUMOU 'EMPIMPLATAI
KAI 'ANDREIOTERO$ GIGNETAI 'AUTO$ "AUTOU:
KAI MALA GE.
TI= DE 'EPEIDAN 'ALLO MHDEN PRATTHI5 MHDE KOINWNHI5 MOUSH$
<P 411D>
MHDAMHI: 'OUK 'EI TI KAI 'ENHN 'AUTOU4 FILOMAQE$ 'EN THI YUCHI,
"ATE 'OUTE MAQHMATO$ GEUOMENON 'OUDENO$ 'OUTE ZHTHMATO$, 'OUTE
LOGOU METISCON0 'OUTE TH$ 'ALLH$ MOUSIKH$, 'ASQENE$ TE-KAI
KWFON KAI TUFLON GIGNETAI, "ATE 'OUK 'EGEIROMENON 'OUDE
TREFOMENON 'OUDE DIAKAQAIROMENWN TWN 'AISQHSEWN 'AUTOU4:
"OUTW$, 'EFH.
MISOLOGO$ DH 'OIMAI "O TOIOUTO$ GIGNETAI KAI 'AMOUSO$,
KAI PEIQOI MEN DIA= LOGWN 'OUDEN 'ETI CRHTAI0, BIA\ DE-KAI
<P 411E>
'AGRIOTHTI "WSPER QHRION PRO$ PANTA DIAPRATTETAI, KAI 'EN
'AMAQIA\ KAI SKAIOTHTI META 'ARRUQMIA$ TE-KAI 'ACARISTIA$ ZHI0.
PANTAPASIN, 'H*-D'-"O$, "OUTW$ 'ECEI0.
'EPI DH DU' 'ONTE TOUTW, "W$ 'EOIKE0, DUO TECNA QEON 'EGWG'
'AN4 TINA FAIHN DEDWKENAI TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$, MOUSIKHN TE-KAI
GUMNASTIKHN 'EPI TO QUMOEIDE$ KAI TO FILOSOFON, 'OUK 'EPI
YUCHN KAI SWMA, 'EI MH 'EI PARERGON, 'ALL' 'EP' 'EKEINW, "OPW$


<P 412A>
'AN4 'ALLHLOIN SUNARMOSQHTON 'EPITEINOMENW KAI 'ANIEMENW
MECRI TOU* PROSHKONTO$.
KAI-GAR 'EOIKEN0, 'EFH.
TON KALLIST' 'A=RA MOUSIKHI GUMNASTIKHN KERANNUNTA KAI
METRIWTATA THI YUCHI PROSFERONTA, TOUTON 'ORQOTAT' 'AN4 FAIMEN
'EINAI TELEW$ MOUSIKWTATON KAI 'EUARMOSTOTATON, POLU MALLON
'H= TON TA$ CORDA$ 'ALLHLAI$ SUNISTANTA.
'EIKOTW$ G', 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$.
'OUKOU*N-KAI 'EN THI POLEI "HMIN, 'W* GLAUKWN, DEHSEI2 TOU*
TOIOUTOU TINO$ 'AEI 'EPISTATOU, 'EI MELLEI0 "H POLITEIA SWIZESQAI:
<P 412B>
DEHSEI2 MENTOI "W$ "OION-TE GE MALISTA.
"OI MEN-DH TUPOI TH$ PAIDEIA$ TE-KAI TROFH$ "OUTOI 'AN4
'EIEN. COREIA$ GAR TI= 'AN4 TI$ DIEXIOI TWN TOIOUTWN KAI QHRA$
TE-KAI KUNHGESIA KAI GUMNIKOU$ 'AGWNA$ KAI "IPPIKOU$: SCEDON
GAR TI DHLA DH "OTI4 TOUTOI$ "EPOMENA DEI 'AUTA 'EINAI, KAI
'OUKETI CALEPA "EUREIN.
'ISW$, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'OU CALEPA.
'EIEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; TO DH META TOUTO TI= 'AN4 "HMIN DIAIRETEON
'EIH: 'A*R' 'OUK 'AUTWN TOUTWN "OITINE$ 'ARXOUSI2 TE-KAI 'ARXONTAI:
<P 412C>
TI= MHN:
'OUKOU*N "OTI4 MEN PRESBUTEROU$ TOU$ 'ARCONTA$ DEI 'EINAI,
NEWTEROU$ DE TOU$ 'ARCOMENOU$, DHLON:
DHLON.
KAI "OTI4 GE TOU$ 'ARISTOU$ 'AUTWN:
KAI TOUTO.
"OI DE GEWRGWN 'ARISTOI 'A*R' 'OU GEWRGIKWTATOI GIGNONTAI:
NAI.
NU*N D', 'EPEIDH FULAKWN 'AUTOU$ 'ARISTOU$ DEI 'EINAI, 'A*R'
'OU FULAKIKWTATOU$ POLEW$:
NAI.
'OUKOU*N FRONIMOU$ TE 'EI$ TOUTO DEI "UPARCEIN KAI DUNATOU$
KAI 'ETI KHDEMONA$ TH$ POLEW$:
<P 412D>
'ESTI TAUTA.
KHDOITO DE-G' 'AN4 TI$ MALISTA TOUTOU "O= TUGCANOI FILWN.
'ANAGKH.
KAI-MHN TOUTO G' 'AN4 MALISTA FILOI, "WI SUMFEREIN "HGOITO
TA 'AUTA KAI "EAUTWI KAI "OTAN8 MALISTA8 'EKEINOU MEN 'EU PRATTONTO$
'OIOITO SUMBAINEIN KAI "EAUTWI 'EU PRATTEIN, MH-DE,
'TOUNANTION.
"OUTW$, 'EFH.
'EKLEKTEON 'A=R' 'EK TWN 'ALLWN FULAKWN TOIOUTOU$ 'ANDRA$,
"OI= 'AN4 SKOPOUSIN4 "HMIN MALISTA FAINWNTAI PARA PANTA TON
<P 412E>
BION, "O= MEN 'AN4 THI POLEI "HGHSWNTAI SUMFEREIN, PASHI
PROQUMIA\ POIEIN, "O= D' 'AN4 MH, MHDENI TROPWI PRAXAI0 'AN4
'EQELEIN.
'EPITHDEIOI GAR, 'EFH.
DOKEI0 DH MOI THRHTEON 'AUTOU$ 'EINAI 'EN "APASAI$ TAI$
"HLIKIAI$, 'EI FULAKIKOI 'EISI TOUTOU TOU* DOGMATO$ KAI-MHTE
GOHTEUOMENOI MHTE BIAZOMENOI 'EKBALLOUSIN0 'EPILANQANOMENOI
DOXAN THN TOU* POIEIN DEIN "A THI POLEI BELTISTA.
TI=NA, 'EFH, LEGEI$ THN 'EKBOLHN:
'EGW SOI4, 'EFHN, 'ERW2. FAINETAI MOI DOXA 'EXIENAI 'EK
DIANOIA$ 'H= "EKOUSIW$ 'H= 'AKOUSIW$, "EKOUSIW$ MEN "H YEUDH$


<P 413A>
TOU* METAMANQANONTO$, 'AKOUSIW$ DE PASA "H 'ALHQH$.
TO MEN TH$ "EKOUSIOU, 'EFH, MANQANW0, TO DE TH$ 'AKOUSIOU
DEOMAI MAQEIN.
TI= DE: 'OU-KAI SU "HGHI0, 'EFHN 'EGW, TWN MEN 'AGAQWN
'AKOUSIW$ STERESQAI TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$, TWN DE KAKWN "EKOUSIW$:
'H= 'OU TO MEN 'EYEUSQAI TH$ 'ALHQEIA$ KAKON, TO DE 'ALHQEUEIN
'AGAQON: 'H= 'OU TO TA 'ONTA DOXAZEIN 'ALHQEUEIN DOKEI0 SOI4
'EINAI:
'ALL', 'H*-D'-"O$, 'ORQW$ LEGEI$, KAI MOI DOKOUSIN0 'AKONTE$
'ALHQOU$ DOXH$ STERISKESQAI.
<P 413B>
'OUKOU*N KLAPENTE$ 'H= GOHTEUQENTE$ 'H= BIASQENTE$ TOUTO
PASCOUSIN0:
'OUDE NU*N, 'EFH, MANQANW0.
TRAGIKW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KINDUNEUW0 LEGEIN. KLAPENTA$ MEN-GAR
TOU$ METAPEISQENTA$ LEGW0 KAI TOU$ 'EPILANQANOMENOU$,
"OTI4 TWN MEN CRONO$, TWN DE LOGO$ 'EXAIROUMENO$ LANQANEI0;
NU*N GAR-POU MANQANEI$:
NAI.
TOU$ TOINUN BIASQENTA$ LEGW0 "OU$ 'AN4 'ODUNH TI$ 'H= 'ALGHDWN
METADOXASAI0 POIHSHI6.
KAI TOUT', 'EFH, 'EMAQON, KAI 'ORQW$ LEGEI$.
<P 413C>
TOU$ MHN GOHTEUQENTA$, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, 'KAN4 SU FAIH$ 'EINAI
"OI= 'AN4 METADOXASWSIN 'H= "UF' "HDONH$ KHLHQENTE$ 'H= "UPO FOBOU
TI DEISANTE$.
'EOIKE0 GAR, 'H*-D'-"O$, GOHTEUEIN PANTA "OSA 'APATA*I0.
"O= TOINUN 'ARTI 'ELEGON, ZHTHTEON TI=NE$ 'ARISTOI FULAKE$
TOU* PAR' "AUTOI$ DOGMATO$, TOUTO "W$ POIHTEON "O= 'AN4 THI POLEI
'AEI DOKWSI BELTISTON 'EINAI "AUTOI$8 POIEIN8. THRHTEON DH
'EUQU$ 'EK PAIDWN PROQEMENOI$ 'ERGA 'EN "OI$ 'AN4 TI$ TO TOIOUTON
MALISTA 'EPILANQANOITO KAI 'EXAPATWITO, KAI TON MEN MNHMONA
<P 413D>
KAI DUSEXAPATHTON 'EGKRITEON, TON DE MH 'APOKRITEON.
'H*-GAR:
NAI.
KAI PONOU$ GE 'AU KAI 'ALGHDONA$ KAI 'AGWNA$ 'AUTOI$
QETEON, 'EN "OI$ 'TAUTA TAUTA THRHTEON.
'ORQW$, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI TRITOU 'EIDOU$ TOUTOI$ GOHTEIA$
"AMILLAN POIHTEON, KAI QEATEON % "WSPER TOU$ PWLOU$ 'EPI
TOU$ YOFOU$ TE-KAI QORUBOU$ 'AGONTE$ SKOPOUSIN0 'EI FOBEROI,
"OUTW NEOU$ 'ONTA$ 'EI$ DEIMAT' 'ATTA KOMISTEON KAI 'EI$ "HDONA$
<P 413E>
'AU METABLHTEON, BASANIZONTA$ POLU MALLON 'H= CRUSON 'EN
PURI % 'EI DUSGOHTEUTO$ KAI 'EUSCHMWN 'EN PASI FAINETAI,
FULAX "AUTOU 'WN 'AGAQO$ KAI MOUSIKH$ "H$ 'EMANQANEN,
'EURUQMON TE-KAI 'EUARMOSTON "EAUTON 'EN PASI TOUTOI$ PARECWN,
"OIO$ DH 'AN4 'WN KAI "EAUTWI KAI POLEI CRHSIMWTATO$ 'EIH. KAI
TON 'AEI 'EN TE PAISI KAI NEANISKOI$ KAI 'EN 'ANDRASI BASANIZOMENON


<P 414A>
KAI 'AKHRATON 'EKBAINONTA KATASTATEON 'ARCONTA
TH$ POLEW$ KAI FULAKA, KAI TIMA$ DOTEON KAI ZWNTI KAI
TELEUTHSANTI, TAFWN TE-KAI TWN 'ALLWN MNHMEIWN MEGISTA
GERA LAGCANONTA; TON DE MH TOIOUTON 'APOKRITEON. TOIAUTH
TI$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DOKEI0 MOI, 'W* GLAUKWN, "H 'EKLOGH 'EINAI KAI
KATASTASI$ TWN 'ARCONTWN0 TE-KAI FULAKWN, "W$ 'EN TUPWI,
MH DI' 'AKRIBEIA$, 'EIRHSQAI.
KAI 'EMOI4, 'H*-D'-"O$, "OUTW$ PHI FAINETAI.
<P 414B>
'A*R'-'OUN "W$ 'ALHQW$ 'ORQOTATON KALEIN0 TOUTOU$ MEN
FULAKA$ PANTELEI$ TWN TE 'EXWQEN POLEMIWN TWN TE 'ENTO$
FILIWN, "OPW$ "OI MEN MH BOULHSONTAI, "OI DE MH DUNHSONTAI
KAKOURGEIN, TOU$ DE NEOU$, "OU$ DH NU*N FULAKA$
'EKALOUMEN, 'EPIKOUROU$ TE-KAI BOHQOU$ TOI$ TWN 'ARCONTWN0
DOGMASIN:
'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'EFH.
TI=$ 'AN4 'OUN "HMIN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, MHCANH GENOITO TWN YEUDWN
TWN 'EN DEONTI GIGNOMENWN, "WN DH NU*N 'ELEGOMEN, GENNAION
<P 414C>
TI "EN YEUDOMENOU$ PEISAI0 MALISTA MEN-KAI 'AUTOU$ TOU$
'ARCONTA$, 'EI DE MH, THN 'ALLHN POLIN:
POI*ON TI: 'EFH.
MHDEN KAINON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ALLA= FOINIKIKON TI, PROTERON
MEN 'HDH POLLACOU GEGONO$, "W$ FASIN0 "OI POIHTAI KAI PEPEIKASIN,
'EF' "HMWN DE 'OU GEGONO$ 'OUD' 'OIDA 'EI GENOMENON
'AN4, PEISAI0 DE SUCNH$ PEIQOU$.
"W$ 'EOIKA$, 'EFH, 'OKNOUNTI LEGEIN.
DOXW2 DE SOI4, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI MAL' 'EIKOTW$ 'OKNEIN, 'EPEIDAN
'EIPW.
LEG', 'EFH, KAI MH FOBOU.
<P 414D>
LEGW0 DH % KAITOI 'OUK 'OIDA "OPOIA\ TOLMHI 'H= POI=OI$ LOGOI$
CRWMENO$ 'ERW2 % KAI 'EPICEIRHSW2 PRWTON MEN 'AUTOU$ TOU$
'ARCONTA$ PEIQEIN KAI TOU$ STRATIWTA$, 'EPEITA DE-KAI THN
'ALLHN POLIN, "W$ 'A=R' "A "HMEI$ 'AUTOU$ 'ETREFOMEN TE-KAI
'EPAIDEUOMEN, "WSPER 'ONEIRATA 'EDOKOUN TAUTA PANTA PASCEIN
TE-KAI GIGNESQAI PERI= 'AUTOU$, 'HSAN DE TO=TE THI 'ALHQEIA\ "UPO
GH$ 'ENTO$ PLATTOMENOI KAI TREFOMENOI KAI 'AUTOI KAI TA
<P 414E>
"OPLA 'AUTWN KAI "H 'ALLH SKEUH DHMIOURGOUMENH, 'EPEIDH DE
PANTELW$ 'EXEIRGASMENOI 'HSAN, KAI "H GH 'AUTOU$ MHTHR 'OUSA
'ANHKEN, KAI NU*N DEI "W$ PERI= MHTRO$ KAI TROFOU TH$ CWRA$
'EN "HI 'EISI BOULEUESQAI TE-KAI 'AMUNEIN0 'AUTOU$, 'EA=N TI$ 'EP'
'AUTHN 'IHI, KAI "UPER TWN 'ALLWN POLITWN "W$ 'ADELFWN 'ONTWN0
KAI GHGENWN DIANOEISQAI.
'OUK 'ETO$, 'EFH, PALAI 'HISCUNOU TO YEUDO$ LEGEIN.


<P 415A>
PANU, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EIKOTW$; 'ALL' "OMW$ 'AKOUE KAI TO
LOIPON TOU* MUQOU. 'ESTE0 MEN-GAR-DH PANTE$ "OI 'EN THI POLEI
'ADELFOI, "W$ FHSOMEN PRO$ 'AUTOU$ MUQOLOGOUNTE$, 'ALL'
"O QEO$ PLATTWN, "OSOI MEN "UMWN "IKANOI 'ARCEIN, CRUSON 'EN
THI GENESEI SUNEMEIXEN 'AUTOI$, DIO TIMIWTATOI 'EISIN; "OSOI
D' 'EPIKOUROI, 'ARGURON; SIDHRON DE-KAI CALKON TOI$ TE
GEWRGOI$ KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ DHMIOURGOI$. "ATE 'OUN SUGGENEI$
'ONTE$ PANTE$ TO MEN POLU "OMOIOU$ 'AN4 "UMIN-'AUTOI$ GENNWITE,
<P 415B>
'ESTI D' "OTE 'EK CRUSOU GENNHQEIH 'AN4 'ARGUROUN KAI 'EX
'ARGUROU CRUSOUN 'EKGONON KAI 'TALLA PANTA "OUTW$ 'EX 'ALLHLWN.
TOI$ 'OUN 'ARCOUSI4 KAI PRWTON KAI MALISTA PARAGGELLEI0
"O QEO$, "OPW$ MHDENO$ "OUTW FULAKE$ 'AGAQOI 'ESONTAI
MHD' "OUTW SFODRA FULAXOUSI2 MHDEN "W$ TOU$ 'EKGONOU$, "OTI2
'AUTOI$ TOUTWN 'EN TAI$ YUCAI$ PARAMEMEIKTAI, KAI 'EA=N TE
SFETERO$ 'EKGONO$ "UPOCALKO$ 'H= "UPOSIDHRO$ GENHTAI, MHDENI
<P 415C>
TROPWI KATELEHSOUSIN2, 'ALLA= THN THI FUSEI PROSHKOUSAN
TIMHN 'APODONTE$ 'WSOUSIN2 'EI$ DHMIOURGOU$ 'H= 'EI$ GEWRGOU$,
KAI 'AN2 'AU 'EK TOUTWN TI$ "UPOCRUSO$ 'H= "UPARGURO$ FUHI, TIMHSANTE$
'ANAXOUSI2 TOU$ MEN 'EI$ FULAKHN, TOU$ DE 'EI$ 'EPIKOURIAN,
"W$ CRHSMOU 'ONTO$ TO=TE THN POLIN DIAFQARHNAI,
"OTAN 'AUTHN "O SIDHROU$ FULAX 'H= "O CALKOU$ FULAXHI6. TOUTON
'OUN TON MUQON "OPW$ 'AN4 PEISQEIEN, 'ECEI$ TINA MHCANHN:
<P 415D>
'OUDAMW$, 'EFH, "OPW$ G' 'AN4 'AUTOI "OUTOI; "OPW$ 'MENTAN "OI
TOUTWN "UEI$ KAI "OI 'EPEITA "OI T' 'ALLOI 'ANQRWPOI "OI "USTERON.
'ALLA=-KAI TOUTO, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EU 'AN4 'ECOI PRO$ TO MALLON
'AUTOU$ TH$ POLEW$ TE-KAI 'ALLHLWN KHDESQAI; SCEDON GAR
TI MANQANW0 "O= LEGEI$.
KAI TOUTO MEN-DH "EXEI2 "OPHI 'AN4 'AUTO "H FHMH 'AGAGHI6;
"HMEI$ DE TOUTOU$ TOU$ GHGENEI$ "OPLISANTE$ PROAGWMEN
"HGOUMENWN TWN 'ARCONTWN0. 'ELQONTE$ DE QEASASQWN TH$
POLEW$ "OPOU KALLISTON STRATOPEDEUSASQAI, "OQEN TOU$ TE
<P 415E>
'ENDON MALIST' 'AN4 KATECOIEN, 'EI TI$ MH 'EQELOI TOI$ NOMOI$
PEIQESQAI, TOU$ TE 'EXWQEN 'APAMUNOIEN, 'EI POLEMIO$ "WSPER
LUKO$ 'EPI POIMNHN TI$ 'IOI; STRATOPEDEUSAMENOI DE, QUSANTE$
"OI$ CRH, 'EUNA$ POIHSASQWN. 'H= PW*$:
"OUTW$, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N TOIAUTA$, "OIA$ CEIMWNO$ TE STEGEIN KAI QEROU$
"IKANA$ 'EINAI:
PW*$ GAR 'OUCI: 'OIKHSEI$ GAR, 'EFH, DOKEI$ MOI LEGEIN.
NAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, STRATIWTIKA$ GE, 'ALL' 'OU CRHMATISTIKA$.


<P 416A>
PW*$, 'EFH, 'AU TOUTO LEGEI$ DIAFEREIN 'EKEINOU:
'EGW SOI4, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PEIRASOMAI 'EIPEIN. DEINOTATON
GAR-POU PANTWN KAI 'AISCISTON POIMESI TOIOUTOU$ GE-KAI
"OUTW TREFEIN KUNA$ 'EPIKOUROU$ POIMNIWN, "WSTE "UPO 'AKOLASIA$
'H= LIMOU 'H= TINO$ 'ALLOU KAKOU 'EQOU$ 'AUTOU$ TOU$
KUNA$ 'EPICEIRHSAI0 TOI$ PROBATOI$ KAKOURGEIN KAI 'ANTI
KUNWN LUKOI$ "OMOIWQHNAI.
DEINON, 'H*-D'-"O$; PW*$ D' 'OU=:
<P 416B>
'OUKOU*N FULAKTEON PANTI TROPWI MH TOIOUTON "HMIN "OI 'EPIKOUROI
POIHSWSI PRO$ TOU$ POLITA$, 'EPEIDH 'AUTWN KREITTOU$ 'EISIN,
'ANTI SUMMACWN 'EUMENWN DESPOTAI$ 'AGRIOI$ 'AFOMOIWQWSIN:
FULAKTEON, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N THN MEGISTHN TH$ 'EULABEIA$ PARESKEUASMENOI 'AN4
'EIEN, 'EI TW*I-'ONTI KALW$ PEPAIDEUMENOI 'EISIN:
'ALLA=-MHN 'EISIN G', 'EFH.
KAI 'EGW 'EIPON; TOUTO MEN 'OUK 'AXION DIISCURIZESQAI,
'W* FILE GLAUKWN; "O= MENTOI 'ARTI 'ELEGOMEN, 'AXION, "OTI4 DEI
<P 416C>
'AUTOU$ TH$ 'ORQH$ TUCEIN PAIDEIA$, "HTI$ POTE 'ESTIN, 'EI MELLOUSI0
TO MEGISTON 'ECEIN PRO$ TO "HMEROI 'EINAI "AUTOI$ TE-KAI
TOI$ FULATTOMENOI$ "UP' 'AUTWN.
KAI 'ORQW$ GE, 'H*-D'-"O$.
PRO$ TOINUN THI PAIDEIA\ TAUTHI FAIH 'AN4 TI$ NOUN 'ECWN DEIN
KAI TA$ 'OIKHSEI$ KAI THN 'ALLHN 'OUSIAN TOIAUTHN 'AUTOI$ PARESKEUASQAI,
"HTI$ MHTE TOU* FULAKA$ "W$ 'ARISTOU$ 'EINAI PAUSEI2
<P 416D>
'AUTOU$, KAKOURGEIN TE MH 'EPAREI2 PERI= TOU$ 'ALLOU$ POLITA$.
KAI 'ALHQW$ GE FHSEI2.
"ORA DH, 'EIPON 'EGW, 'EI TOIONDE TINA TROPON DEI 'AUTOU$
ZHN TE-KAI 'OIKEIN, 'EI MELLOUSI0 TOIOUTOI 'ESESQAI; PRWTON
MEN 'OUSIAN KEKTHMENON MHDEMIAN MHDENA 'IDIAN, 'AN2 MH PASA
'ANAGKH; 'EPEITA 'OIKHSIN KAI TAMIEION MHDENI 'EINAI MHDEN
TOIOUTON, 'EI$ "O= 'OU PA$ "O BOULOMENO$ 'EISEISI; TA D' 'EPITH=DEIA,
"OSWN DEONTAI 'ANDRE$ 'AQLHTAI POLEMOU SWFRONE$ TE-KAI
<P 416E>
'ANDREIOI, TAXAMENOU$ PARA TWN 'ALLWN POLITWN DECESQAI
MISQON TH$ FULAKH$ TOSOUTON "OSON MHTE PERIEINAI 'AUTOI$
'EI$ TON 'ENIAUTON MHTE 'ENDEIN; FOITWNTA$ DE 'EI$ SUSSITIA
"WSPER 'ESTRATOPEDEUMENOU$ KOINHI ZHN; CRUSION DE-KAI
'ARGURION 'EIPEIN 'AUTOI$ "OTI4 QEION PARA QEWN 'AEI 'EN THI YUCHI
'ECOUSI0 KAI 'OUDEN PROSDEONTAI TOU* 'ANQRWPEIOU, 'OUDE "O=SIA
THN 'EKEINOU KTHSIN THI TOU* QNHTOU CRUSOU KTHSEI SUMMEIGNUNTA$
MIAINEIN, DIOTI POLLA KAI 'ANO=SIA PERI= TO TWN


<P 417A>
POLLWN NOMISMA GEGONEN0, TO PAR' 'EKEINOI$ DE 'AKHRATON;
'ALLA= MONOI$ 'AUTOI$ TWN 'EN THI POLEI METACEIRIZESQAI KAI
"APTESQAI CRUSOU KAI 'ARGUROU 'OU QEMI$, 'OUD' "UPO TON 'AUTON
'OROFON 'IENAI 'OUDE PERIAYASQAI 'OUDE PINEIN 'EX 'ARGUROU 'H=
CRUSOU. KAI "OUTW MEN SWIZOINTO T' 'AN4 KAI SWIZOIEN THN
POLIN; "OPOTE D' 'AUTOI GHN TE 'IDIAN KAI 'OIKIA$ KAI NOMISMATA
KTHSONTAI, 'OIKONOMOI MEN-KAI GEWRGOI 'ANTI FULAKWN 'ESONTAI,
<P 417B>
DESPOTAI D' 'ECQROI 'ANTI SUMMACWN TWN 'ALLWN POLITWN
GENHSONTAI, MISOUNTE$ DE-DH-KAI MISOUMENOI KAI 'EPIBOULEUONTE$
KAI 'EPIBOULEUOMENOI DIAXOUSI2 PANTA TON BION, POLU
PLEIW KAI MALLON DEDIOTE$ TOU$ 'ENDON 'H= TOU$ 'EXWQEN POLEMIOU$,
QEONTE$ 'HDH TO=TE 'EGGUTATA 'OLEQROU 'AUTOI TE-KAI "H
'ALLH POLI$. TOUTWN 'OUN PANTWN "ENEKA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, FWMEN
"OUTW DEIN KATESKEUASQAI TOU$ FULAKA$ 'OIKHSEW$ TE PE=RI
KAI TWN 'ALLWN, KAI TAUTA NOMOQETHSWMEN, 'H= MH:
PANU GE, 'H*-D'-"O$ "O GLAUKWN.


<B REP4>


<P 419A>
KAI "O 'ADEIMANTO$ "UPOLABWN, TI= 'OUN, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$,
'APOLOGHSHI2, 'EA=N TI$ SE FHI5 MH PANU TI 'EUDAIMONA$ POIEIN
TOUTOU$ TOU$ 'ANDRA$, KAI TAUTA DI' "EAUTOU$, "WN 'ESTI MEN
"H POLI$ THI 'ALHQEIA\, "OI DE MHDEN 'APOLAUOUSIN0 'AGAQON TH$
POLEW$, "OION 'ALLOI 'AGROU$ TE KEKTHMENOI KAI 'OIKIA$ 'OIKODOMOUMENOI
KALA$ KAI MEGALA$, KAI TAUTAI$ PREPOUSAN KATASKEUHN
KTWMENOI, KAI QUSIA$ QEOI$ 'IDIA$ QUONTE$, KAI XENODOKOUNTE$,
KAI-DH-KAI "A NUNDH SU 'ELEGE$, CRUSON TE-KAI 'ARGURON KEKTHMENOI
KAI PANTA "OSA NOMIZETAI TOI$ MELLOUSIN4 MAKARIOI$
'EINAI: 'ALL' 'ATECNW$, FAIH 'AN4, "WSPER 'EPIKOUROI MISQWTOI 'EN


<P 420A>
THI POLEI FAINONTAI KAQHSQAI 'OUDEN 'ALLO 'H= FROUROUNTE$.
NAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI TAUTA GE 'EPISITIOI KAI-'OUDE MISQON
PRO$ TOI$ SITIOI$ LAMBANONTE$ "WSPER "OI 'ALLOI, "WSTE 'OUD'
'AN2 'APODHMHSAI0 BOULWNTAI 'IDIA\, 'EXESTAI 'AUTOI$, 'OUD' "ETAIRAI$
DIDONAI, 'OUD' 'ANALISKEIN 'AN2 POI BOULWNTAI 'ALLOSE, "OI*A DH
"OI 'EUDAIMONE$ DOKOUNTE$ 'EINAI 'ANALISKOUSI0. TAUTA KAI 'A=LLA
TOIAUTA SUCNA TH$ KATHGORIA$ 'APOLEIPEI$.
'ALL', 'H*-D'-"O$, 'ESTW KAI TAUTA KATHGORHMENA.
<P 420B>
TI= 'OUN-DH 'APOLOGHSOMEQA, FH=I$:
NAI.
TON 'AUTON 'OIMON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, POREUOMENOI "EURHSOMEN, "W$
'EGWIMAI, "A LEKTEA. 'EROUMEN2 GAR "OTI4 QAUMASTON MEN 'AN4
'OUDEN 'EIH 'EI KAI "OUTOI "OUTW$ 'EUDAIMONESTATOI 'EISIN, 'OU-MHN
PRO$ TOUTO BLEPONTE$ THN POLIN 'OIKIZOMEN, "OPW$ "EN
TI "HMIN 'EQNO$ 'ESTAI DIAFERONTW$ 'EUDAIMON, 'ALL' "OPW$ "OTI2
MALISTA "OLH "H POLI$. 'WIHQHMEN GAR 'EN THI TOIAUTHI MALISTA
'AN4 "EUREIN DIKAIOSUNHN KAI 'AU 'EN THI KAKISTA 'OIKOUMENHI
<P 420C>
'ADIKIAN, KATIDONTE$ DE KRINAI0 'AN4 "O= PALAI ZHTOUMEN. NU*N
MEN-'OUN, "W$ 'OIOMEQA, THN 'EUDAIMONA PLATTOMEN 'OUK 'APOLABONTE$
'OLIGOU$ 'EN 'AUTHI TOIOUTOU$ TINA$ TIQENTE$, 'ALL'
"OLHN; 'AUTIKA DE THN 'ENANTIAN SKEYOMEQA. "WSPER 'OUN
'AN4 'EI "HMA$ 'ANDRIANTA GRAFONTA$ PROSELQWN TI$ 'EYEGE
LEGWN "OTI4 'OU TOI$ KALLISTOI$ TOU* ZWIOU TA KALLISTA FARMAKA
PROSTIQEMEN % "OI GAR 'OFQALMOI KALLISTON 'ON 'OUK
'OSTREIWI 'ENALHLIMMENOI-'EIEN 'ALLA= MELANI % METRIW$ 'AN4 'EDOKOUMEN
<P 420D>
PRO$ 'AUTON 'APOLOGEISQAI LEGONTE$; 'W* QAUMASIE,
MH 'OIOU DEIN "HMA$ "OUTW KALOU$ 'OFQALMOU$ GRAFEIN, "WSTE
MHDE 'OFQALMOU$ FAINESQAI, MHD' 'AU 'TALLA MERH, 'ALL'
'AQREI5 'EI TA PROSHKONTA "EKASTOI$ 'APODIDONTE$ TO "OLON
KALON POIOUMEN; KAI-DH-KAI NU*N MH 'ANAGKAZE "HMA$ TOIAUTHN
'EUDAIMONIAN TOI$ FULAXI PROSAPTEIN, "H= 'EKEINOU$ PAN MALLON
<P 420E>
'APERGASETAI 'H= FULAKA$. 'EPISTAMEQA0 GAR-KAI TOU$ GEWRGOU$
XUSTIDA$ 'AMFIESANTE$ KAI CRUSON PERIQENTE$ PRO$
"HDONHN 'ERGAZESQAI KELEUEIN THN GHN, KAI TOU$ KERAMEA$
KATAKLINANTE$ 'EPI DEXIA PRO$ TO PUR DIAPINONTA$ TE-KAI
'EUWCOUMENOU$, TON TROCON PARAQEMENOU$, "OSON 'AN4 'EPIQUMWSI
KERAMEUEIN, KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ PANTA$ TOIOUTWI TROPWI MAKARIOU$
POIEIN, "INA DH "OLH "H POLI$ 'EUDAIMONHI5. 'ALL' "HMA$ MH "OUTW
NOUQETEI5; "W$, 'AN2 SOI4 PEIQWMEQA, 'OUTE "O GEWRGO$ GEWRGO$


<P 421A>
'ESTAI 'OUTE "O KERAMEU$ KERAMEU$ 'OUTE 'ALLO$ 'OUDEI$ 'OUDEN
'ECWN SCHMA 'EX "WN POLI$ GIGNETAI. 'ALLA= TWN MEN 'ALLWN
'ELATTWN LOGO$; NEURORRAFOI GAR FAULOI GENOMENOI KAI
DIAFQARENTE$ KAI PROSPOIHSAMENOI 'EINAI MH 'ONTE$ POLEI
'OUDEN DEINON, FULAKE$ DE NOMWN TE-KAI POLEW$ MH 'ONTE$
'ALLA= DOKOMNTE$ "ORA*I$0 DH "OTI4 PASAN 'ARDHN POLIN 'APOLLUASIN,
KAI 'AU TOU* 'EU 'OIKEIN KAI 'EUDAIMONEIN MONOI TON KAIRON
'ECOUSIN0. 'EI MEN-'OUN "HMEI$ MEN FULAKA$ "W$ 'ALHQW$
<P 421B>
POIOUMEN "HKISTA KAKOURGOU$ TH$ POLEW$, "O D' 'EKEINO LEGWN
GEWRGOU$ TINA$ KAI "WSPER 'EN PANHGUREI 'ALL' 'OUK 'EN POLEI
"ESTIATORA$ 'EUDAIMONA$, 'ALLO 'AN4 TI 'H= POLIN LEGOI. SKEPTEON
'OUN POTERON PRO$ TOUTO BLEPONTE$ TOU$ FULAKA$ KAQISTWMEN,
"OPW$ "OTI2 PLEISTH 'AUTOI$ 'EUDAIMONIA 'EGGENHSETAI,
'H= TOUTO MEN 'EI$ THN POLIN "OLHN BLEPONTA$ QEATEON 'EI
'EKEINHI 'EGGIGNETAI, TOU$ D' 'EPIKOUROU$ TOUTOU$ KAI TOU$
<P 421C>
FULAKA$ 'EKEINO 'ANAGKASTEON POIEIN KAI PEISTEON, "OPW$ "OTI2
'ARISTOI DHMIOURGOI TOU* "EAUTWN 'ERGOU 'ESONTAI, KAI TOU$
'ALLOU$ "APANTA$ "WSAUTW$, KAI "OUTW SUMPASH$ TH$ POLEW$
'AUXANOMENH$ KAI KALW$ 'OIKIZOMENH$ 'EATEON "OPW$ "EKASTOI$
TOI$ 'EQNESIN "H FUSI$ 'APODIDWSI TOU* METALAMBANEIN
'EUDAIMONIA$.
'ALL', 'H*-D'-"O$, KALW$ MOI DOKEI$ LEGEIN.
'A*R'-'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI TO TOUTOU 'ADELFON DOXW2 SOI4
METRIW$ LEGEIN:
TI= MALISTA:
<P 421D>
TOU$ 'ALLOU$ 'AU DHMIOURGOU$ SKOPEI5 'EI TADE DIAFQEIREI0,
"WSTE KAI KAKOU$ GIGNESQAI.
TA POI*A DH TAUTA:
PLOUTO$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI PENIA.
PW*$ DH:
"WDE. PLOUTHSA$ CUTREU$ DOKEI0 SOI4 'ET' 'EQELHSEIN 'EPIMELEISQAI
TH$ TECNH$:
'OUDAMW$, 'EFH.
'ARGO$ DE-KAI 'AMELH$ GENHSETAI MALLON 'AUTO$ "AUTOU:
POLU GE.
'OUKOU*N KAKIWN CUTREU$ GIGNETAI:
KAI TOUTO, 'EFH, POLU.
KAI-MHN-KAI 'ORGANA GE MH 'ECWN PARECESQAI "UPO PENIA$
'H= TI 'ALLO TWN 'EI$ THN TECNHN TA TE 'ERGA PONHRO=TERA
<P 421E>
'ERGASETAI KAI TOU$ "UEI$ 'H= 'ALLOU$ "OU$ 'AN4 DIDASKHI5 CEIROU$
DHMIOURGOU$ DIDAXETAI.
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
"UP' 'AMFOTERWN DH, PENIA$ TE-KAI PLOUTOU, CEIRW MEN
TA TWN TECNWN 'ERGA, CEIROU$ DE 'AUTOI.
FAINETAI.
"E=TERA DH, "W$ 'EOIKE0, TOI$ FULAXIN "HURHKAMEN, "A PANTI TROPWI
FULAKTEON "OPW$ MHPOTE 'AUTOU$ LHSEI2 'EI$ THN POLIN PARADUNTA.
TA POI*A TAUTA:


<P 422A>
PLOUTO$ TE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI PENIA; "W$ TOU* MEN TRUFHN
KAI 'ARGIAN KAI NEWTERISMON 'EMPOIOUNTO$, TH$ DE 'ANELEUQERIAN
KAI KAKOERGIAN PRO$ TW*I NEWTERISMWI.
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH. TODE MENTOI, 'W* SWKRATE$, SKOPEI5,
PW*$ "HMIN "H POLI$ "OI=A-T'-'ESTAI POLEMEIN, 'EPEIDAN CRHMATA
MH KEKTHMENH-'HI, 'ALLW$ TE 'KAN2 PRO$ MEGALHN TE-KAI
PLOUSIAN 'ANAGKASQHI POLEMEIN.
DHLON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OTI4 PRO$ MEN MIAN CALEPWTERON,
<P 422B>
PRO$ DE DUO TOIAUTA$ "RA*ION.
PW*$ 'EIPE$: 'H*-D'-"O$.
PRWTON MEN-POU, 'EIPON, 'EA=N DEHI5 MACESQAI, 'A*RA 'OU
PLOUSIOI$ 'ANDRASI MACOUNTAI 'AUTOI 'ONTE$ POLEMOU 'AQLHTAI:
NAI TOUTO GE, 'EFH.
TI= 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* 'ADEIMANTE: "EI$ PUKTH$ "W$ "OION-TE
KALLISTA 'EPI TOUTO PARESKEUASMENO$ DUOIN MH PUKTAIN,
PLOUSIOIN DE-KAI PIONOIN, 'OUK 'AN4 DOKEI0 SOI4 "RA\DIW$ MACESQAI:
'OUK 'AN4 'ISW$, 'EFH, "AMA GE.
'OUD' 'EI 'EXEIH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "UPOFEUGONTI TON PROTERON 'AEI
<P 422C>
PROSFEROMENON 'ANASTREFONTA KROUEIN, KAI TOUTO POIOI* POLLAKI$
'EN "HLIWI TE-KAI PNIGEI: 'A*RA-GE-'OU-KAI PLEIOU$
CEIRWSAIT' 'AN4 TOIOUTOU$ "O TOIOUTO$:
'AMELEI, 'EFH, 'OUDEN 'AN4 GENOITO QAUMASTON.
'ALL' 'OUK 'OIEI PUKTIKH$ PLEON METECEIN TOU$ PLOUSIOU$
'EPISTHMHI TE-KAI 'EMPEIRIA\ 'H= POLEMIKH$:
'EGWG', 'EFH.
"RA\DIW$ 'A=RA "HMIN "OI 'AQLHTAI 'EK TWN 'EIKOTWN DIPLASIOI$
TE-KAI TRIPLASIOI$ "AUTWN MACOUNTAI.
SUGCWRHSOMAI SOI4, 'EFH; DOKEI$ GAR MOI 'ORQW$ LEGEIN.
<P 422D>
TI= D' 'AN2 PRESBEIAN PEMYANTE$ 'EI$ THN "ETERAN POLIN
'TALHQH 'EIPWSIN, "OTI4 "HMEI$ MEN 'OUDEN CRUSIWI 'OUD'
'ARGURIWI CRWMEQA0, 'OUD' "HMIN QEMI$, "UMIN DE; SUMPOLEMHSANTE$
'OUN MEQ' "HMWN 'ECETE3 TA TWN "ETERWN: 'OIEI TINA$
'AKOUSANTA$ TAUTA "AIRHSESQAI KUSI POLEMEIN STEREOI$ TE-KAI
'ISCNOI$ MALLON 'H= META KUNWN PROBATOI$ PIOSI TE-KAI
"APALOI$:
'OU MOI DOKEI0. 'ALL' 'EA=N 'EI$ MIAN, 'EFH, POLIN SUNAQROISQHI
<P 422E>
TA TWN 'ALLWN CRHMATA, "ORA MH KINDUNON FERHI5
THI MH PLOUTOUSHI.
'EUDAIMWN 'EI*, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OTI4 'OIEI 'AXION 'EINAI 'ALLHN TINA
PROSEIPEIN POLIN 'H= THN TOIAUTHN "OIAN "HMEI$
KATESKEUAZOMEN.
'ALLA= TI= MHN: 'EFH.
MEIZONW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, CRH PROSAGOREUEIN TA$ 'ALLA$;
"EKASTH GAR 'AUTWN POLEI$ 'EISI PAMPOLLAI 'ALL' 'OU POLI$,
TO TWN PAIZONTWN0. DUO MEN, 'KAN2 "OTIOUN 'HI, POLEMI=A 'ALLHLAI$,


<P 423A>
"H MEN PENHTWN, "H DE PLOUSIWN; TOUTWN D' 'EN "EKATERA\
PANU POLLAI, "AI$ 'EA=N MEN "W$ MIA*I PROSFERHI3, PANTO$ 'AN4
"AMARTOI$, 'EA=N DE "W$ POLLAI$, DIDOU$ TA TWN "ETERWN TOI$
"ETEROI$ CRHMATA TE-KAI DUNAMEI$ 'H=-KAI 'AUTOU$, SUMMACOI$
MEN 'AEI POLLOI$ CRHSHI2, POLEMIOI$ D' 'OLIGOI$. KAI "EW$ 'AN4
"H POLI$ SOI4 'OIKHI5 SWFRONW$ "W$ 'ARTI 'ETACQH, MEGISTH 'ESTAI,
'OU TW*I 'EUDOKIMEIN LEGW0, 'ALL' "W$ 'ALHQW$ MEGISTH, KAI 'EA=N
MONON 'HI CILIWN TWN PROPOLEMOUNTWN0; "OUTW GAR MEGALHN
POLIN MIAN 'OU "RA\DIW$ 'OUTE 'EN "ELLHSIN 'OUTE 'EN BARBAROI$
<P 423B>
"EURHSEI$, DOKOUSA$ DE POLLA$ KAI POLLAPLASIA$ TH$
THLIKAUTH$. 'H= 'ALLW$ 'OIEI:
'OU MA TON DI=', 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OUTO$ 'AN4 'EIH KAI KALLISTO$ "ORO$
TOI$ "HMETEROI$ 'ARCOUSIN4, "OSHN DEI TO MEGEQO$ THN POLIN
POIEISQAI KAI "HLIKHI 'OUSHI "OSHN CWRAN 'AFORISAMENOU$ THN
'ALLHN CAIREIN 'EA*N.
TI=$, 'EFH, "ORO$:
'OIMAI MEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TONDE; MECRI "OU 'AN4 'EQELHI5 'AUXOMENH
'EINAI MIA, MECRI TOUTOU 'AUXEIN, PERA DE MH.
<P 423C>
KAI KALW$ G', 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N-KAI TOUTO 'AU 'ALLO PROSTAGMA TOI$ FULAXI
PROSTAXOMEN, FULATTEIN PANTI TROPWI "OPW$ MHTE SMIKRA "H
POLI$ 'ESTAI MHTE MEGALH DOKOUSA, 'ALLA= TI$ "IKANH KAI MIA.
KAI FAULON G', 'EFH, 'ISW$ 'AUTOI$ PROSTAXOMEN.
KAI TOUTOU GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ETI FAULOTERON TODE, "OU2 KAI
'EN TW*I PROSQEN 'EPEMNHSQHMEN LEGONTE$ "W$ DEOI, 'EANTE TWN
FULAKWN TI$ FAULO$ 'EKGONO$ GENHTAI, 'EI$ TOU$ 'ALLOU$
<P 423D>
'AUTON 'APOPEMPESQAI, 'EANT' 'EK TWN 'ALLWN SPOUDAIO$, 'EI$
TOU$ FULAKA$. TOUTO D' 'EBOULETO DHLOUN0 "OTI4 KAI TOU$
'ALLOU$ POLITA$, PRO$ "O= TI$ PEFUKEN0, PRO$ TOUTO "ENA PRO$
"EN "EKASTON 'ERGON DEI KOMIZEIN, "OPW$ 'AN4 "EN TO "AUTOU 'EPITHDEUWN
"EKASTO$ MH POLLOI 'ALL' "EI$ GIGNHTAI, KAI "OUTW DH
SUMPASA "H POLI$ MIA FUHTAI 'ALLA= MH POLLAI.
'ESTI GAR, 'EFH, TOUTO 'EKEINOU SMIKROTERON.
'OUTOI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* 'AGAQE 'ADEIMANTE, "W$ DOXEIEN 'AN4
TI$, TAUTA POLLA KAI MEGALA 'AUTOI$ PROSTATTOMEN 'ALLA=
<P 423E>
PANTA FAULA, 'EA=N TO LEGOMENON "EN MEGA FULATTWSI,
MALLON D' 'ANTI MEGALOU "IKANON.
TI= TOUTO: 'EFH.
THN PAIDEIAN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI TROFHN; 'EA=N GAR 'EU PAIDEUOMENOI
METRIOI 'ANDRE$ GIGNWNTAI, PANTA TAUTA "RA\DIW$
DIOYONTAI, KAI 'A=LLA GE "OSA NU*N "HMEI$ PARALEIPOMEN, THN
TE TWN GUNAIKWN KTHSIN KAI GAMWN KAI PAIDOPOIIA$, "OTI4


<P 424A>
DEI TAUTA KATA THN PAROIMIAN PANTA "OTI2 MALISTA KOINA TA
FILWN POIEISQAI.
'ORQOTATA GAR, 'EFH, GIGNOIT' 'AN4.
KAI-MHN, 'EIPON, POLITEIA 'EANPER "APAX "ORMHSHI6 'EU,
'ERCETAI "WSPER KUKLO$ 'AUXANOMENH; TROFH GAR-KAI PAIDEUSI$
CRHSTH SWIZOMENH FUSEI$ 'AGAQA$ 'EMPOIEI0, KAI 'AU
FUSEI$ CRHSTAI TOIAUTH$ PAIDEIA$ 'ANTILAMBANOMENAI 'ETI
BELTIOU$ TWN PROTERWN FUONTAI, 'EI$ TE 'TALLA KAI 'EI$ TO
<P 424B>
GENNAN, "WSPER KAI 'EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$ ZWIOI$.
'EIKO$ G', 'EFH.
"W$ TOINUN DIA= BRACEWN 'EIPEIN, TOUTOU 'ANQEKTEON TOI$
'EPIMELHTAI$ TH$ POLEW$, "OPW$ 'AN4 'AUTOU$ MH LAQHI6 DIAFQAREN
'ALLA= PARA PANTA 'AUTO FULATTWSI, TO MH NEWTERIZEIN PERI=
GUMNASTIKHN TE-KAI MOUSIKHN PARA THN TAXIN, 'ALL' "W$
"OION-TE MALISTA FULATTEIN, FOBOUMENOU$ "OTAN TI$ LEGHI5
"W$ THN9
'AOIDHN9 MALLON9 'EPIFRONEOUS'10 'ANQRWPOI9,
"HTI$9 'AEIDONTESSI9 NEWTATH9 'AMFIPELHTAI9,
<P 424C>
MH POLLAKI$ TON POIHTHN TI$ 'OIHTAI LEGEIN 'OUK 'A\SMATA NEA
'ALLA= TROPON 'WIDH$ NEON, KAI TOUTO 'EPAINHI5. DEI D'-'OUT'
'EPAINEIN TO TOIOUTON 'OUTE "UPOLAMBANEIN. 'EIDO$ GAR KAINON
MOUSIKH$ METABALLEIN 'EULABHTEON "W$ 'EN "OLWI KINDUNEUONTA;
'OUDAMOU GAR KINOUNTAI MOUSIKH$ TROPOI 'ANEU POLITIKWN
NOMWN TWN MEGISTWN, "W$ FHSI TE DAMWN KAI 'EGW PEIQOMAI.
KAI 'EME TOINUN, 'EFH "O 'ADEIMANTO$, QE$ TWN PEPEISMENWN.
<P 424D>
TO DH FULAKTHRION, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'ENTAUQA POU
'OIKODOMHTEON TOI$ FULAXIN, 'EN MOUSIKHI.
"H GOUN PARANOMIA, 'EFH, "RA\DIW$ "AU=TH LANQANEI0
PARADUOMENH.
NAI, 'EFHN, "W$ 'EN PAIDIA$ GE MEREI KAI "W$ KAKON 'OUDEN
'ERGAZOMENH.
'OUDE-GAR 'ERGAZETAI, 'EFH, 'ALLO GE 'H= KATA SMIKRON
'EISOIKISAMENH 'HREMA "UPORREI0 PRO$ TA 'HQH TE-KAI TA 'EPITHDEUMATA;
'EK DE TOUTWN 'EI$ TA PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ SUMBOLAIA
MEIZWN 'EKBAINEI0, 'EK DE-DH TWN SUMBOLAIWN 'ERCETAI 'EPI
<P 424E>
TOU$ NOMOU$ KAI POLITEIA$ SUN POLLHI, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ASELGEIA\,
"EW$ 'AN4 TELEUTWSA PANTA 'IDIA\ KAI DHMOSIA\ 'ANATREYHI6.
'EIEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. "OUTW TOUT' 'ECEI0:
DOKEI0 MOI, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N, "O= 'EX 'ARCH$ 'ELEGOMEN, TOI$ "HMETEROI$ PAISIN
'ENNOMWTEROU 'EUQU$ PAIDIA$ MEQEKTEON, "W$ PARANOMOU GIGNOMENH$
'AUTH$ KAI PAIDWN TOIOUTWN 'ENNOMOU$ TE-KAI SPOUDAIOU$


<P 425A>
'EX 'AUTWN 'ANDRA$ 'AUXANESQAI 'ADUNATON 'ON:
PW*$ D' 'OUCI: 'EFH.
"OTAN DH-'A=RA KALW$ 'ARXAMENOI PAIDE$ PAIZEIN 'EUNOMIAN
DIA= TH$ MOUSIKH$ 'EISDEXWNTAI, PALIN 'TOUNANTION 'H= 'KEINOI$
'EI$ PANTA SUNEPETAI TE-KAI 'AUXEI0, 'EPANORQOUSA 'EI TI KAI
PROTERON TH$ POLEW$ 'EKEITO.
'ALHQH MENTOI, 'EFH.
KAI TA SMIKRA 'A=RA, 'EIPON, DOKOUNTA 'EINAI NOMIMA
'EXEURISKOUSIN0 "OUTOI, "A "OI PROTERON 'APWLLUSAN PANTA.
TA7 POI*A:
<P 425B>
TA TOIADE; SIGA$ TE TWN NEWTERWN PARA PRESBUTEROI$
"A$ PREPEI0, KAI KATAKLISEI$ KAI "UPANASTASEI$ KAI GONEWN
QERAPEIA$, KAI KOURA$ GE-KAI 'AMPECONA$ KAI "UPODESEI$ KAI
"OLON TON TOU* SWMATO$ SCHMATISMON KAI 'TALLA "OSA TOIAUTA.
'H= 'OUK 'OIEI:
'EGWGE.
NOMOQETEIN D' 'AUTA 'OIMAI 'EUHQE$; 'OUTE-GAR-POU GIGNETAI
'OUT' 'AN4 MEINEIEN LOGWI TE-KAI GRAMMASIN NOMOQETHQENTA.
PW*$ GAR:
KINDUNEUEI0 GOUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* 'ADEIMANTE, 'EK TH$ PAIDEIA$
<P 425C>
"OPOI 'AN4 TI$ "ORMHSHI6, TOIAUTA KAI TA "EPOMENA 'EINAI.
'H= 'OUK 'AEI TO "OMOION 'ON "OMOION PARAKALEI0:
TI= MHN:
KAI TELEUTWN DH 'OIMAI FAIMEN 'AN4 'EI$ "EN TI TELEON KAI
NEANIKON 'APOBAINEIN 'AUTO 'H= 'AGAQON 'H=-KAI 'TOUNANTION.
TI= GAR 'OU=K: 'H*-D'-"O$.
'EGW MEN-TOINUN, 'EIPON, DIA= TAUTA 'OUK 'AN4 'ETI TA TOIAUTA
'EPICEIRHSAIMI NOMOQETEIN.
'EIKOTW$ G', 'EFH.
TI= DE, 'W* PRO$ QEWN, 'EFHN, TADE TA 'AGORAI*A, SUMBOLAIWN
TE PE=RI KAT' 'AGORAN "EKASTOI "A PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ SUMBALLOUSIN0,
<P 425D>
'EI DE BOULEI, KAI CEIROTECNIKWN PERI= SUMBOLAIWN
KAI LOIDORIWN KAI 'AIKIA$ KAI DIKWN LHXEW$ KAI DIKASTWN
KATASTASEW$, KAI 'EI POU TELWN TINE$ 'H= PRAXEI$ 'H= QESEI$
'ANAGKAIOI 'EISIN 'H= KAT' 'AGORA$ 'H= LIMENA$, 'H=-KAI TO PARAPAN
'AGORANOMIKA 'ATTA 'H= 'ASTUNOMIKA 'H= 'ELLIMENIKA 'H= "OSA 'A=LLA
TOIAUTA, TOUTWN TOLMHSOMEN TI NOMOQETEIN:
'ALL' 'OUK 'AXION, 'EFH, 'ANDRASI KALOI$ 'KAGAQOI$ 'EPITATTEIN;
<P 425E>
TA POLLA GAR 'AUTWN, "OSA DEI NOMOQETHSASQAI, "RA\DIW$ POU
"EURHSOUSIN2.
NAI, 'W* FILE, 'EIPON, 'EA=N GE QEO$ 'AUTOI$ DIDWI0 SWTHRIAN
TWN NOMWN "WN 'EMPROSQEN DIHLQOMEN.
'EI DE-MH-GE, 'H*-D'-"O$, POLLA TOIAUTA TIQEMENOI 'AEI KAI
'EPANORQOUMENOI TON BION DIATELOUSIN2, 'OIOMENOI 'EPILHYESQAI
TOU* BELTISTOU.
LEGEI$, 'EFHN 'EGW, BIWSESQAI TOU$ TOIOUTOU$ "WSPER TOU$
KAMNONTA$ TE-KAI 'OUK 'EQELONTA$ "UPO 'AKOLASIA$ 'EKBHNAI0
PONHRA$ DIAITH$.
PANU MEN-'OUN.


<P 426A>
KAI-MHN "OUTOI GE CARIENTW$ DIATELOUSIN0; 'IATREUOMENOI
GAR 'OUDEN PERAINOUSIN0, PLHN GE POIKILW=TERA KAI MEIZW
POIOUSI0 TA NOSHMATA, KAI 'AEI 'ELPIZONTE$, 'EA=N TI$ FARMAKON
SUMBOULEUSHI6, "UPO TOUTOU 'ESESQAI "UGIEI$.
PANU GAR, 'EFH, TWN "OUTW KAMNONTWN0 TA TOIAUTA PAQH.
TI= DE: 'H*N-D'-'EGW; TODE 'AUTWN 'OU CARIEN, TO PANTWN
'ECQISTON "HGEISQAI TON 'TALHQH LEGONTA, "OTI4 PRIN 'AN4 MEQUWN
KAI 'EMPIMPLAMENO$ KAI 'AFRODISIAZWN KAI 'ARGWN PAUSHTAI,
<P 426B>
'OUTE FARMAKA 'OUTE KAUSEI$ 'OUTE TOMAI 'OUD' 'AU 'EPWIDAI 'AUTON
'OUDE PERIAPTA 'OUDE 'ALLO TWN TOIOUTWN 'OUDEN 'ONHSEI2:
'OU PANU CARIEN, 'EFH; TO GAR TW*I 'EU LEGONTI CALEPAINEIN
'OUK 'ECEI0 CARIN.
'OUK 'EPAINETH$ 'EI*, 'EFHN 'EGW, "W$ 'EOIKA$, TWN TOIOUTWN
'ANDRWN.
'OU-MENTOI MA DI=A.
'OUD' 'AN2 "H POLI$ 'A=RA, "OPER 'ARTI 'ELEGOMEN, "OLH TOIOUTON
POIHI5, 'OUK 'EPAINESHI2; 'H= 'OU FAINONTAI SOI4 'TAUTON 'ERGAZESQAI
TOUTOI$ TWN POLEWN "OSAI KAKW$ POLITEUOMENAI PROAGOREUOUSI0
<P 426C>
TOI$ POLITAI$ THN MEN KATASTASIN TH$ POLEW$ "OLHN
MH KINEIN, "W$ 'APOQANOUMENOU$, "O$ 'AN4 TOUTO DRA*I2; "O$ D' 'AN4
SFA$ "OUTW POLITEUOMENOU$ "HDISTA QERAPEUHI5 KAI CARIZHTAI
"UPOTRECWN KAI PROGIGNWSKWN TA$ SFETERA$ BOULHSEI$ KAI
TAUTA$ DEINO$ 'HI 'APOPLHROUN0, "OUTO$ 'A=RA 'AGAQO$ TE 'ESTAI
'ANHR KAI SOFO$ TA MEGALA KAI TIMHSETAI "UPO SFWN:
'TAUTON MEN-'OUN, 'EFH, 'EMOIGE DOKOUSI0 DRAN, KAI-'OUD'
"OPWSTIOUN 'EPAINW0.
<P 426D>
TI= D' 'AU TOU$ 'EQELONTA$ QERAPEUEIN TA$ TOIAUTA$ POLEI$
KAI PROQUMOUMENOU$: 'OUK 'AGASAI TH$ 'ANDREIA$ TE-KAI
'EUCEREIA$:
'EGWG', 'EFH, PLHN G' "OSOI 'EXHPATHNTAI "UP' 'AUTWN KAI
'OIONTAI THI 'ALHQEIA\ POLITIKOI 'EINAI, "OTI4 'EPAINOUNTAI "UPO TWN
POLLWN.
PW*$ LEGEI$: 'OU SUGGIGNWSKEI$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TOI$ 'ANDRASIN:
'H= 'OIEI "OION-T'-'EINAI 'ANDRI MH 'EPISTAMENWI METREIN, "ETERWN
<P 426E>
TOIOUTWN POLLWN LEGONTWN0 "OTI4 TETRAPHCU$ 'ESTIN, 'AUTON
TAUTA MH "HGEISQAI PERI= "AUTOU:
'OUK 'AU, 'EFH, TOUTO GE.
MH-TOINUN CALEPAINE; KAI-GAR-POU 'EISI PANTWN CARIESTATOI
"OI TOIOUTOI, NOMOQETOUNTE$ TE "OI*A 'ARTI DIHLQOMEN KAI
'EPANORQOUNTE$, 'AEI 'OIOMENOI TI PERA$ "EURHSEIN PERI= TA 'EN
TOI$ SUMBOLAIOI$ KAKOURGHMATA KAI PERI= "A NUNDH 'EGW 'ELEGON,
'AGNOOUNTE$ "OTI4 TW*I-'ONTI "WSPER "UDRAN TEMNOUSIN0.


<P 427A>
KAI-MHN, 'EFH, 'OUK 'ALLO GE TI POIOUSIN0.
'EGW MEN-TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TO TOIOUTON 'EIDO$ NOMWN
PE=RI KAI POLITEIA$ 'OUT' 'EN KAKW$ 'OUT' 'EN 'EU POLITEUOMENHI
POLEI 'WIMHN 'AN4 DEIN TON 'ALHQINON NOMOQETHN PRAGMATEUESQAI,
'EN THI MEN "OTI4 'ANWFELH KAI PLEON 'OUDEN, 'EN DE THI "OTI4 TA
MEN 'AUTWN 'KAN4 "OSTISOUN "EUROI, TA DE "OTI4 'AUTOMATA 'EPEISIN
'EK TWN 'EMPROSQEN 'EPITHDEUMATWN.
<P 427B>
TI= 'OUN, 'EFH, 'ETI 'AN4 "HMIN LOIPON TH$ NOMOQESIA$ 'EIH:
KAI 'EGW 'EIPON "OTI4 "HMIN MEN 'OUDEN, TW*I MENTOI 'APOLLWNI
TW*I 'EN DELFOI$ TA GE MEGISTA KAI KALLISTA KAI PRWTA
TWN NOMOQETHMATWN.
TA POI*A: 'H*-D'-"O$.
"IERWN TE "IDRUSEI$ KAI QUSIAI KAI 'ALLAI QEWN TE-KAI
DAIMONWN KAI "HRWWN QERAPEIAI; TELEUTHSANTWN0 TE7 'AU QHKAI
KAI "OSA TOI$ 'EKEI DEI "UPHRETOUNTA$ "ILEW$ 'AUTOU$ 'ECEIN. TA
GAR-DH TOIAUTA 'OUT' 'EPISTAMEQA0 "HMEI$ 'OIKIZONTE$ TE POLIN
<P 427C>
'OUDENI 'ALLWI PEISOMEQA, 'EA=N NOUN 'ECWMEN, 'OUDE CRHSOMEQA
'EXHGHTHI 'ALL'-'H= TW*I PATRIWI; "OUTO$ GAR-DHPOU "O QEO$ PERI= TA
TOIAUTA PASIN 'ANQRWPOI$ PATRIO$ 'EXHGHTH$ 'EN8 MESWI8 TH$
GH$ 'EPI TOU* 'OMFALOU KAQHMENO$ 'EXHGEITAI.
KAI KALW$ G', 'EFH, LEGEI$; KAI POIHTEON "OUTW.
'WIKISMENH MEN-TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'HDH 'AN4 SOI4 'EIH, 'W* PAI
<P 427D>
'ARISTWNO$, "H POLI$; TO DE-DH META TOUTO SKOPEI5 'EN 'AUTHI,
FW$ POQE=N PORISAMENO$ "IKANON, 'AUTO$ TE-KAI TON 'ADELFON
PARAKALEI5 KAI POLEMARCON KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$, 'EA=N PW$ 'IDWMEN
POU* POT' 'AN4 'EIH "H DIKAIOSUNH KAI POU* "H 'ADIKIA, KAI TI= 'ALLHLOIN
DIAFERETON0, KAI POTERON DEI KEKTHSQAI TON MELLONTA
'EUDAIMONA 'EINAI, 'EANTE LANQANHI5 'EANTE MH PANTA$ QEOU$ TE-KAI
'ANQRWPOU$.
'OUDEN LEGEI$, 'EFH "O GLAUKWN; SU GAR "UPESCOU ZHTHSEIN,
<P 427E>
"W$ 'OUC "OSION SOI4 'ON MH 'OU BOHQEIN DIKAIOSUNHI 'EI$ DUNAMIN
PANTI TROPWI.
'ALHQH, 'EFHN 'EGW, "UPOMIMNHISKEI$, KAI POIHTEON MEN-GE
"OUTW$, CRH DE-KAI "UMA$ SULLAMBANEIN.
'ALL', 'EFH, POIHSOMEN "OUTW.
'ELPIZW0 TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "EURHSEIN 'AUTO "WDE. 'OIMAI
"HMIN THN POLIN, 'EIPER 'ORQW$ GE 'WIKISTAI, TELEW$ 'AGAQHN
'EINAI.
'ANAGKH G', 'EFH.
DHLON DH "OTI4 SOFH T' 'ESTI KAI 'ANDREI=A KAI SWFRWN KAI
DIKAI=A.
DHLON.
'OUKOU*N "OTI2 'AN4 'AUTWN "EURWMEN 'EN 'AUTHI, TO "UPOLOIPON
'ESTAI TO 'OUC "HURHMENON:


<P 428A>
TI= MHN:
"WSPER TOINUN 'ALLWN TINWN TETTARWN, 'EI "EN TI 'EZHTOUMEN
'AUTWN 'EN "OTWIOUN, "OPOTE PRWTON 'EKEINO 'EGNWMEN, "IKANW$ 'AN4
'EICEN "HMIN, 'EI DE TA TRIA PROTERON 'EGNWRISAMEN, 'AUTWI 'AN4
TOUTWI 'EGNWRISTO TO ZHTOUMENON; DHLON GAR "OTI4 'OUK 'ALLO
'ETI 'H*N 'H= TO "UPOLEIFQEN.
'ORQW$, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
'OUKOU*N-KAI PERI= TOUTWN, 'EPEIDH TETTARA 'ONTA TUGCANEI0,
"WSAUTW$ ZHTHTEON:
DHLA DH.
KAI-MEN-DH PRWTON GE MOI DOKEI0 'EN 'AUTWI KATADHLON 'EINAI
<P 428B>
"H SOFIA; KAI TI 'ATOPON PERI= 'AUTHN FAINETAI.
TI=: 'H*-D'-"O$.
SOFH MEN TW*I-'ONTI DOKEI0 MOI "H POLI$ 'EINAI "HN DIHLQOMEN;
'EUBOULO$ GAR, 'OUCI:
NAI.
KAI-MHN TOUTO GE 'AUTO, "H 'EUBOULIA, DHLON "OTI4 'EPISTHMH
TI$ 'ESTIN; 'OU-GAR-POU 'AMAQIA\ GE 'ALL' 'EPISTHMHI 'EU
BOULEUONTAI.
DHLON.
POLLAI DE-GE-KAI PANTODAPAI 'EPISTHMAI 'EN THI POLEI 'EISIN.
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
'A*R'-'OUN DIA= THN TWN TEKTONWN 'EPISTHMHN SOFH KAI
'EUBOULO$ "H POLI$ PROSRHTEA:
<P 428C>
'OUDAMW$, 'EFH, DIA= GE TAUTHN, 'ALLA= TEKTONIKH.
'OUK-'A=RA DIA= THN "UPER TWN XULINWN SKEUWN 'EPISTHMHN,
BOULEUOMENH "W$ 'AN4 'ECOI BELTISTA, SOFH KLHTEA POLI$.
'OU-MENTOI.
TI= DE: THN "UPER TWN 'EK TOU* CALKOU 'H= TINA 'ALLHN TWN
TOIOUTWN:
'OUD' "HNTINOUN, 'EFH.
'OUDE THN "UPER TOU* KARPOU TH$ GENESEW$ 'EK TH$ GH$,
'ALLA= GEWRGIKH.
DOKEI0 MOI.
TI= D': 'H*N-D'-'EGW; 'ESTI TI$ 'EPISTHMH 'EN THI 'ARTI "UF'
"HMWN 'OIKISQEISHI PARA TISI TWN POLITWN, "HI 'OUC "UPER TWN
<P 428D>
'EN THI POLEI TINO$ BOULEUETAI, 'ALL' "UPER "AUTH$ "OLH$, "ONTINA
TROPON 'AUTH TE PRO$ "AUTHN KAI PRO$ TA$ 'ALLA$ POLEI$
'ARISTA "OMILOI:
'ESTI MENTOI.
TI=$, 'EFHN 'EGW, KAI 'EN TI=SIN:
"AU=TH, 'H*-D'-"O$, "H FULAKIKH, KAI 'EN TOUTOI$ TOI$ 'ARCOUSIN4
"OU$ NUNDH TELEOU$ FULAKA$ 'WNOMAZOMEN.
DIA= TAUTHN 'OUN THN 'EPISTHMHN TI= THN POLIN
PROSAGOREUEI$:
'EUBOULON, 'EFH, KAI TW*I-'ONTI SOFHN.
POTERON 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EN THI POLEI 'OIEI "HMIN CALKEA$
<P 428E>
PLEIOU$ 'ENESESQAI 'H= TOU$ 'ALHQINOU$ FULAKA$ TOUTOU$:
POLU, 'EFH, CALKEA$.
'OUKOU*N, 'EFHN, KAI TWN 'ALLWN "OSOI 'EPISTHMA$ 'ECONTE$
'ONOMAZONTAI TINE$ 'EINAI, PANTWN TOUTWN "OUTOI 'AN4 'EIEN
'OLIGISTOI:
POLU GE.
TW*I SMIKROTATWI 'A=RA 'EQNEI KAI MEREI "EAUTH$ KAI THI 'EN
TOUTWI 'EPISTHMHI, TW*I PROESTWTI KAI 'ARCONTI, "OLH SOFH 'AN4
'EIH KATA FUSIN 'OIKISQEISA POLI$; KAI TOUTO, "W$ 'EOIKE0, FUSEI


<P 429A>
'OLIGISTON GIGNETAI GENO$, "WI PROSHKEI0 TAUTH$ TH$ 'EPISTHMH$
METALAGCANEIN "HN MONHN DEI TWN 'ALLWN 'EPISTHMWN SOFIAN
KALEISQAI0.
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
TOUTO MEN-DH "EN TWN TETTARWN 'OUK 'OIDA "ONTINA TROPON
"HURHKAMEN, 'AUTO TE-KAI "OPOU TH$ POLEW$ "IDRUTAI.
'EMOI4 GOUN DOKEI0, 'EFH, 'APOCRWNTW$ "HURHSQAI.
'ALLA=-MHN 'ANDREIA GE 'AUTH TE-KAI 'EN "WI KEITAI TH$
POLEW$, DI' "O= TOIAUTH KLHTEA "H POLI$, 'OU PANU CALEPON
'IDEIN.
PW*$ DH:
<P 429B>
TI=$ 'AN4, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EI$ 'ALLO TI 'APOBLEYA$ 'H= DEILHN 'H=
'ANDREIAN POLIN 'EIPOI 'ALL'-'H= 'EI$ TOUTO TO MERO$ "O= PROPOLEMEI0
TE-KAI STRATEUETAI "UPER 'AUTH$:
'OUD' 'AN4 "EI$, 'EFH, 'EI$ 'ALLO TI.
'OU-GAR 'OIMAI, 'EIPON, "OI GE 'ALLOI 'EN 'AUTHI 'H= DEILOI 'H=
'ANDREIOI 'ONTE$ KURIOI 'AN4 'EIEN 'H= TOIAN 'AUTHN 'EINAI 'H= TOIAN.
'OU-GAR.
KAI 'ANDREI=A 'A=RA POLI$ MEREI TINI "EAUTH$ 'ESTI, DIA= TO 'EN
'EKEINWI 'ECEIN DUNAMIN TOIAUTHN "H= DIA= PANTO$ SWSEI2 THN PERI=
<P 429C>
TWN DEINWN DOXAN, TAUTA TE 'AUTA 'EINAI KAI TOIAUTA, "A TE-KAI
"OI*A "O NOMOQETH$ PARHGGELLEN 'EN THI PAIDEIA\. 'H= 'OU TOUTO
'ANDREIAN KALEI$0:
'OU PANU, 'EFH, 'EMAQON "O= 'EIPE$, 'ALL' 'AUQI$ 'EIPE=.
SWTHRIAN 'EGWG', 'EIPON, LEGW0 TINA 'EINAI THN 'ANDREIAN.
POI=AN DH SWTHRIAN:
THN TH$ DOXH$ TH$ "UPO NOMOU DIA= TH$ PAIDEIA$ GEGONUIA$
PERI= TWN DEINWN "A TE 'ESTI KAI "OI*A; DIA= PANTO$ DE 'ELEGON 'AUTH$
SWTHRIAN TO 'EN TE LUPAI$ 'ONTA DIASWIZESQAI 'AUTHN KAI 'EN
<P 429D>
"HDONAI$ KAI 'EN 'EPIQUMIAI$ KAI 'EN FOBOI$ KAI MH 'EKBALLEIN.
"WI DE MOI DOKEI0 "OMOION 'EINAI 'EQELW0 'APEIKASAI0, 'EI BOULEI.
'ALLA= BOULOMAI.
'OUKOU*N 'OISQA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OTI4 "OI BAFH$, 'EPEIDAN BOULHQWSI
BAYAI0 'ERIA "WST' 'EINAI "ALOURGA, PRWTON MEN 'EKLEGONTAI
'EK TOSOUTWN CRWMATWN MIAN FUSIN THN TWN LEUKWN, 'EPEITA
PROPARASKEUAZOUSIN0, 'OUK 'OLIGHI PARASKEUHI QERAPEUSANTE$
"OPW$ DEXETAI "OTI2 MALISTA TO 'ANQO$, KAI "OUTW DH BAPTOUSI0.
<P 429E>
KAI "O= MEN 'AN4 TOUTWI TW*I TROPWI BAFHI, DEUSOPOION GIGNETAI TO
BAFEN, KAI "H PLUSI$ 'OUT' 'ANEU "RUMMATWN 'OUTE META "RUMMATWN
DUNATAI 'AUTWN TO 'ANQO$ 'AFAIREISQAI; "A D' 'AN4 MH,
'OISQA "OI*A DH GIGNETAI, 'EANTE TI$ 'A=LLA CRWMATA BAPTHI5 'EANTE-KAI
TAUTA MH PROQERAPEUSA$.
'OIDA, 'EFH, "OTI4 KAI 'EKPLUTA KAI GELOI*A.
TOIOUTON TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "UPOLABE KATA DUNAMIN 'ERGAZESQAI
KAI "HMA$, "OTE 'EXELEGOMEQA TOU$ STRATIWTA$ KAI


<P 430A>
'EPAIDEUOMEN MOUSIKHI KAI GUMNASTIKHI; MHDEN 'OIOU 'ALLO MHCANASQAI
'H= "OPW$ "HMIN "OTI2 KALLISTA TOU$ NOMOU$ PEISQENTE$
DEXOINTO "WSPER BAFHN, "INA DEUSOPOIO$ 'AUTWN "H DOXA GIGNOITO
KAI PERI= DEINWN KAI PERI= TWN 'ALLWN DIA= TO THN TE FUSIN
KAI THN TROFHN 'EPITHDEIAN 'ESCHKENAI, KAI MH 'AUTWN 'EKPLUNAI4
THN BAFHN TA "RUMMATA TAUTA, DEINA 'ONTA 'EKKLUZEIN, "H
TE "HDONH, PANTO$ CALESTRAIOU DEINOTE=RA 'OUSA TOUTO DRAN
<P 430B>
KAI KONIA$, LUPH TE-KAI FOBO$ KAI 'EPIQUMIA, PANTO$ 'ALLOU
"RUMMATO$. THN DH TOIAUTHN DUNAMIN KAI SWTHRIAN DIA=
PANTO$ DOXH$ 'ORQH$ TE-KAI NOMIMOU DEINWN TE PE=RI KAI MH
'ANDREIAN 'EGWGE KALW0 KAI TIQEMAI, 'EI MH TI SU 'ALLO
LEGEI$.
'ALL' 'OUDEN, 'H*-D'-"O$, LEGW0; DOKEI$ GAR MOI THN 'ORQHN
DOXAN PERI= TWN 'AUTWN TOUTWN 'ANEU PAIDEIA$ GEGONUIAN, THN
TE QHRIWDH KAI 'ANDRAPODWDH, 'OUTE PANU NOMIMON "HGEISQAI,
'ALLO TE TI 'H= 'ANDREIAN KALEIN0.
<P 430C>
'ALHQESTATA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, LEGEI$.
'APODECOMAI TOINUN TOUTO 'ANDREIAN 'EINAI.
KAI-GAR 'APODECOU, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, POLITIKHN GE, KAI 'ORQW$
'APODEXHI2; 'AUQI$ DE PERI= 'AUTOU4, 'EA=N BOULHI3, 'ETI KALLION
DIIMEN0. NU*N GAR 'OU TOUTO 'EZHTOUMEN, 'ALLA= DIKAIOSUNHN;
PRO$ 'OUN THN 'EKEINOU ZHTHSIN, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, "IKANW$ 'ECEI0.
'ALLA= KALW$, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
DUO MHN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ETI LOIPA "A DEI KATIDEIN 'EN THI
<P 430D>
POLEI, "H TE SWFROSUNH KAI "OU2 DH "ENEKA PANTA ZHTOUMEN,
DIKAIOSUNH.
PANU MEN-'OUN.
PW*$ 'OUN 'AN4 THN DIKAIOSUNHN "EUROIMEN, "INA MHKETI PRAGMATEUWMEQA
PERI= SWFROSUNH$:
'EGW MEN-TOINUN, 'EFH, 'OUTE 'OIDA 'OUT' 'AN4 BOULOIMHN 'AUTO
PROTERON FANHNAI, 'EIPER MHKETI 'EPISKEYOMEQA SWFROSUNHN;
'ALL' 'EI 'EMOIGE BOULEI CARIZESQAI, SKOPEI5 PROTERON TOUTO
'EKEINOU.
<P 430E>
'ALLA=-MENTOI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, BOULOMAI GE, 'EI MH 'ADIKW0.
SKOPEI5 DH, 'EFH.
SKEPTEON, 'EIPON; KAI "W$ GE 'ENTEUQEN 'IDEIN, SUMFWNIA\ TINI
KAI "ARMONIA\ PROSEOIKEN0 MALLON 'H= TA PROTERON.
PW*$:
KOSMO$ POU TI$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "H SWFROSUNH 'ESTIN KAI "HDONWN
TINWN KAI 'EPIQUMIWN 'EGKRATEIA, "W$ FASI0 KREITTW DH "AUTOU
'APOFAINONTE$ 'OUK 'OID' "ONTINA TROPON, KAI 'A=LLA 'ATTA TOIAUTA
"WSPER 'ICNH 'AUTH$ LEGETAI. 'H*-GAR:
PANTWN MALISTA, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N TO MEN KREITTW "AUTOU GELOION: "O GAR "EAUTOU
KREITTWN KAI "HTTWN DHPOU 'AN4 "AUTOU 'EIH KAI "O "HTTWN KREITTWN;


<P 431A>
"O 'AUTO$ GAR 'EN "APASIN TOUTOI$ PROSAGOREUETAI.
TI= D' 'OU=:
'ALL', 'H*N-D'-'EGW, FAINETAI MOI BOULESQAI LEGEIN "OUTO$ "O
LOGO$ "W$ TI 'EN 'AUTWI TW*I 'ANQRWPWI PERI= THN YUCHN TO MEN
BELTION 'ENI, TO DE CEIRON, KAI "OTAN MEN TO BELTION FUSEI
TOU* CEIRONO$ 'EGKRATE$ 'HI, TOUTO LEGEIN TO KREITTW "AUTOU %
'EPAINEI0 GOUN % "OTAN DE "UPO TROFH$ KAKH$ 'H= TINO$ "OMILIA$
KRATHQHI "UPO PLHQOU$ TOU* CEIRONO$ SMIKROTERON TO BELTION
<P 431B>
'ON, TOUTO DE "W$ 'EN 'ONEIDEI YEGEIN TE-KAI KALEIN0 "HTTW "EAUTOU
KAI 'AKOLASTON TON "OUTW DIAKEIMENON.
KAI-GAR 'EOIKEN0, 'EFH.
'APOBLEPE TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PRO$ THN NEAN "HMIN POLIN,
KAI "EURHSEI$ 'EN 'AUTHI TO "ETERON TOUTWN 'ENON; KREITTW GAR 'AUTHN
"AUTH$ DIKAIW$ FHSEI$ PROSAGOREUESQAI, 'EIPER "OU2 TO 'AMEINON
TOU* CEIRONO$ 'ARCEI0 SWFRON KLHTEON KAI KREITTON "AUTOU.
'ALL' 'APOBLEPW0, 'EFH, KAI 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
KAI-MHN-KAI TA$ GE POLLA$ KAI PANTODAPA$ 'EPIQUMIA$ KAI
<P 431C>
"HDONA$ TE-KAI LUPA$ 'EN PAISI MALISTA 'AN4 TI$ "EUROI KAI
GUNAIXI KAI 'OIKETAI$ KAI TWN 'ELEUQERWN LEGOMENWN 'EN TOI$
POLLOI$ TE-KAI FAULOI$.
PANU MEN-'OUN.
TA$ DE-GE "APLA$ TE-KAI METRIA$, "AI= DH META NOU TE-KAI
DOXH$ 'ORQH$ LOGISMWI 'AGONTAI, 'EN 'OLIGOI$ TE 'EPITEUXHI2 KAI
TOI$ BELTISTA MEN FUSIN, BELTISTA DE PAIDEUQEISIN.
'ALHQH, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N-KAI TAUTA "ORA*I$0 'ENONTA SOI4 'EN THI POLEI KAI
KRATOUMENA$ 'AUTOQI TA$ 'EPIQUMIA$ TA$ 'EN TOI$ POLLOI$ TE-KAI
<P 431D>
FAULOI$ "UPO TE TWN 'EPIQUMIWN KAI TH$ FRONHSEW$ TH$
'EN TOI$ 'ELATTOSI TE-KAI 'EPIEIKESTEROI$:
'EGWG', 'EFH.
'EI 'A=RA DEI TINA POLIN PROSAGOREUEIN KREITTW "HDONWN TE-KAI
'EPIQUMIWN KAI 'AUTHN "AUTH$, KAI TAUTHN PROSRHTEON.
PANTAPASIN MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
'A*R'-'OUN-'OU-KAI SWFRONA KATA PANTA TAUTA:
KAI MALA, 'EFH.
KAI-MHN 'EIPER 'AU 'EN 'ALLHI POLEI "H 'AUTH DOXA 'ENESTI TOI$
<P 431E>
TE 'ARCOUSI4 KAI 'ARCOMENOI$ PERI= TOU* "OUSTINA$ DEI 'ARCEIN, KAI
'EN TAUTHI 'AN4 'EIH TOUTO 'ENON. 'H= 'OU DOKEI0:
KAI MALA, 'EFH, SFODRA.
'EN POTEROI$ 'OUN FHSEI$ TWN POLITWN TO SWFRONEIN 'ENEINAI
"OTAN "OUTW$ 'ECWSIN: 'EN TOI$ 'ARCOUSIN4 'H= 'EN TOI$ 'ARCOMENOI$:
'EN 'AMFOTEROI$ POU, 'EFH.
"ORA*I$0 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OTI4 'EPIEIKW$ 'EMANTEUOMEQA 'ARTI "W$
"ARMONIA\ TINI "H SWFROSUNH "WMOIWTAI:
TI= DH:
"OTI4 'OUC "WSPER "H 'ANDREIA KAI "H SOFIA 'EN MEREI TINI


<P 432A>
"EKATE=RA 'ENOUSA "H MEN SOFHN, "H DE 'ANDREIAN THN POLIN
PAREICETO, 'OUC "OUTW POIEI0 "AU=TH, 'ALLA= DI' "OLH$ 'ATECNW$
TETATAI DIA= PASWN PARECOMENH SUNA\DONTA$ TOU$ TE 'ASQENESTATOU$
'TAUTON KAI TOU$ 'ISCUROTATOU$ KAI TOU$ MESOU$, 'EI
MEN BOULEI, FRONHSEI, 'EI DE BOULEI, 'ISCUI, 'EI DE, KAI PLHQEI
'H= CRHMASIN 'H= 'ALLWI "OTWIOUN TWN TOIOUTWN; "WSTE 'ORQOTAT' 'AN4
FAIMEN TAUTHN THN "OMONOIAN SWFROSUNHN 'EINAI, CEIRONO$ TE-KAI
'AMEINONO$ KATA FUSIN SUMFWNIAN "OPOTERON DEI 'ARCEIN
KAI 'EN POLEI KAI 'EN "ENI "EKASTWI.
<P 432B>
PANU MOI, 'EFH, SUNDOKEI0.
'EIEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; TA MEN TRIA "HMIN 'EN THI POLEI KATWPTAI,
"W$ GE "OUTWSI DOXAI0; TO DE-DH LOIPON 'EIDO$, DI' "O= 'AN4 'ETI
'ARETH$ METECOI POLI$, TI= POT' 'AN4 'EIH: DHLON GAR "OTI4 TOUT'
'ESTIN "H DIKAIOSUNH.
DHLON.
'OUKOU*N, 'W* GLAUKWN, NU*N DH "HMA$ DEI "WSPER KUNHGETA$
TINA$ QAMNON KUKLWI PERIISTASQAI PROSECONTA$ TON NOUN, MH
PHI DIAFUGHI6 "H DIKAIOSUNH KAI 'AFANISQEISA 'ADHLO$ GENHTAI.
<P 432C>
FANERON GAR-DH "OTI4 TAUTHI PHI 'ESTIN; "ORA 'OUN-KAI PROQUMOU
KATIDEIN, 'EA=N PW$ PROTERO$ 'EMOU4 'IDHI$ KAI 'EMOI4 FRASHI$.
'EI-GAR 'WFELON, 'EFH. 'ALLA= MALLON, 'EA=N MOI "EPOMENWI CRHI4
KAI TA DEIKNUMENA DUNAMENWI KAQORAN, PANU MOI METRIW$ CRHSHI2;
"EPOU, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EUXAMENO$ MET' 'EMOU4.
POIHSW2 TAUTA, 'ALLA= MONON, 'H*-D'-"O$, "HGOU.
KAI-MHN, 'EIPON 'EGW, DUSBATO$ GE TI$ "O TOPO$ FAINETAI
KAI 'EPISKIO$; 'ESTI GOUN SKOTEINO$ KAI DUSDIEREUNHTO$. 'ALLA=-GAR
"OMW$ 'ITEON.
<P 432D>
'ITEON GAR, 'EFH.
KAI 'EGW KATIDWN, 'IOU 'IOU, 'EIPON, 'W* GLAUKWN; KINDUNEUOMEN
TI 'ECEIN 'ICNO$ KAI MOI DOKEI0 'OU PANU TI 'EKFEUXEISQAI "HMA$.
'EU 'AGGELLEI$, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'H*-MHN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, BLAKIKON GE "HMWN TO PAQO$.
TO POI*ON:
PALAI, 'W* MAKARIE, FAINETAI PRO PODWN "HMIN 'EX 'ARCH$
KULINDEISQAI, KAI 'OUC "EWRWMEN 'A=R' 'AUTO, 'ALL' 'HMEN KATAGELASTOTATOI;
"WSPER "OI 'EN TAI$ CERSIN 'ECONTE$ ZHTOUSIN0
<P 432E>
'ENIOTE "O= 'ECOUSIN0, KAI "HMEI$ 'EI$ 'AUTO MEN 'OUK 'APEBLEPOMEN,
PORRW DE POI 'APESKOPOUMEN, "HI DH-KAI 'ELANQANEN 'ISW$
"HMA$.
PW*$, 'EFH, LEGEI$:
"OUTW$, 'EIPON, "W$ DOKOUMEN MOI KAI LEGONTE$ 'AUTO KAI
'AKOUONTE$ PALAI 'OU MANQANEIN "HMWN-'AUTWN, "OTI4 'ELEGOMEN
TROPON TINA 'AUTO.
MAKRON, 'EFH, TO PROOIMION TW*I 'EPIQUMOUNTI 'AKOUSAI0.


<P 433A>
'ALL', 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'AKOUE 'EI TI 'A=RA LEGW0. "O= GAR 'EX 'ARCH$
'EQEMEQA DEIN POIEIN DIA= PANTO$, "OTE THN POLIN KATWIKIZOMEN,
TOUTO 'ESTIN, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0, 'HTOI TOUTOU TI 'EIDO$ "H DIKAIOSUNH.
'EQEMEQA DE-DHPOU-KAI POLLAKI$ 'ELEGOMEN, 'EI MEMNHSAI, "OTI4
"ENA "EKASTON "EN DEOI 'EPITHDEUEIN TWN PERI= THN POLIN, 'EI$ "O=
'AUTOU4 "H FUSI$ 'EPITHDEIOTATH PEFUKUIA-'EIH.
'ELEGOMEN GAR.
KAI-MHN "OTI4 GE TO TA "AUTOU PRATTEIN KAI MH POLUPRAGMONEIN
DIKAIOSUNH 'ESTI, KAI TOUTO 'ALLWN TE POLLWN
<P 433B>
'AKHKOAMEN KAI 'AUTOI POLLAKI$ 'EIRHKAMEN.
'EIRHKAMEN GAR.
TOUTO TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* FILE, KINDUNEUEI0 TROPON TINA
GIGNOMENON "H DIKAIOSUNH 'EINAI, TO TA "AUTOU PRATTEIN. 'OISQA
"OQEN TEKMAIROMAI:
'OU=K, 'ALLA= LEG', 'EFH.
DOKEI0 MOI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TO "UPOLOIPON 'EN THI POLEI "WN
'ESKEMMEQA, SWFROSUNH$ KAI 'ANDREIA$ KAI FRONHSEW$, TOUTO
'EINAI, "O= PASIN 'EKEINOI$ THN DUNAMIN PARESCEN "WSTE 'EGGENESQAI,
KAI 'EGGENOMENOI$ GE SWTHRIAN PARECEIN, "EWSPER 'AN4
<P 433C>
'ENHI. KAITOI 'EFAMEN DIKAIOSUNHN 'ESESQAI TO "UPOLEIFQEN
'EKEINWN, 'EI TA TRIA "EUROIMEN.
KAI-GAR 'ANAGKH, 'EFH.
'ALLA=-MENTOI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EI DEOI GE KRINAI0 TI= THN POLIN
"HMIN TOUTWN MALISTA 'AGAQHN 'APERGASETAI 'EGGENOMENON,
DUSKRITON 'AN4 'EIH POTERON "H "OMODOXIA TWN 'ARCONTWN0 TE-KAI
'ARCOMENWN, 'H= "H PERI= DEINWN TE-KAI MH, "ATTA 'ESTI, DOXH$
'ENNOMOU SWTHRIA 'EN TOI$ STRATIWTAI$ 'EGGENOMENH, 'H= "H 'EN
<P 433D>
TOI$ 'ARCOUSI4 FRONHSI$ TE-KAI FULAKH 'ENOUSA, 'H= TOUTO
MALISTA 'AGAQHN 'AUTHN POIEI0 'ENON KAI 'EN PAIDI KAI 'EN
GUNAIKI KAI DOULWI KAI 'ELEUQERWI KAI DHMIOURGWI KAI 'ARCONTI
KAI 'ARCOMENWI, "OTI4 TO "AUTOU "EKASTO$ "EI$ 'WN 'EPRATTE KAI 'OUK
'EPOLUPRAGMONEI.
DUSKRITON, 'EFH; PW*$ D' 'OU=:
'ENAMILLON 'A=RA, "W$ 'EOIKE0, PRO$ 'ARETHN POLEW$ THI TE
SOFIA\ 'AUTH$ KAI THI SWFROSUNHI KAI THI 'ANDREIA\ "H TOU*
"EKASTON 'EN 'AUTHI TA "AUTOU PRATTEIN DUNAMI$.
KAI MALA, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N DIKAIOSUNHN TO GE TOUTOI$ 'ENAMILLON 'AN4 'EI$ 'ARETHN
<P 433E>
POLEW$ QEIH$:
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
SKOPEI5 DH-KAI THIDE 'EI "OUTW DOXEI2; 'A*RA TOI$ 'ARCOUSIN4 'EN
THI POLEI TA$ DIKA$ PROSTAXEI$ DIKAZEIN:
TI= MHN:
'H* 'ALLOU "OUTINOSOUN MALLON 'EFIEMENOI DIKASOUSIN2 'H=
TOUTOU, "OPW$ 'AN4 "EKASTOI MHT' 'ECWSI 'TALLO=TRIA MHTE TWN
"AUTWN STERWNTAI:
'OU=K, 'ALLA= TOUTOU.
"W$ DIKAIOU 'ONTO$:
NAI.
KAI TAUTHI 'A=RA PHI "H TOU* 'OIKEIOU TE-KAI "EAUTOU "EXI$ TE-KAI


<P 434A>
PRAXI$ DIKAIOSUNH 'AN4 "OMOLOGOITO.
'ESTI TAUTA.
'IDE DH 'EA=N SOI4 "OPER 'EMOI4 SUNDOKHI5. TEKTWN SKUTOTOMOU
'EPICEIRWN 'ERGA 'ERGAZESQAI 'H= SKUTOTOMO$ TEKTONO$, 'H= TA
'ORGANA METALAMBANONTE$ 'TALLHLWN 'H= TIMA$, 'H=-KAI "O 'AUTO$
'EPICEIRWN 'AMFO=TERA PRATTEIN, PANTA 'TALLA METALLATTOMENA,
'A*RA SOI4 'AN4 TI DOKEI0 MEGA BLAYAI0 POLIN:
'OU PANU, 'EFH.
'ALL' "OTAN GE 'OIMAI DHMIOURGO$ 'WN 'H= TI$ 'ALLO$ CRHMATISTH$
<P 434B>
FUSEI, 'EPEITA 'EPAIROMENO$ 'H= PLOUTWI 'H= PLHQEI 'H= 'ISCUI 'H=
'ALLWI TWI TOIOUTWI 'EI$ TO TOU* POLEMIKOU 'EIDO$ 'EPICEIRHI5 'IENAI,
'H= TWN POLEMIKWN TI$ 'EI$ TO TOU* BOULEUTIKOU KAI FULAKO$
'ANAXIO$ 'WN, KAI TA 'ALLHLWN "OUTOI 'ORGANA METALAMBANWSI
KAI TA$ TIMA$, 'H= "OTAN "O 'AUTO$ PANTA TAUTA "AMA 'EPICEIRHI5
PRATTEIN, TO=TE 'OIMAI KAI SOI4 DOKEIN TAUTHN THN TOUTWN
METABOLHN KAI POLUPRAGMOSUNHN 'OLEQRON 'EINAI THI POLEI.
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
"H TRIWN 'A=RA 'ONTWN0 GENWN POLUPRAGMOSUNH KAI METABOLH
<P 434C>
'EI$ 'ALLHLA MEGISTH TE BLABH THI POLEI KAI 'ORQOTAT' 'AN4
PROSAGOREUOITO MALISTA KAKOURGIA.
KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN.
KAKOURGIAN DE THN MEGISTHN TH$ "EAUTOU POLEW$ 'OUK 'ADIKIAN
FHSEI$ 'EINAI:
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
TOUTO MEN-'A=RA 'ADIKIA. PALIN DE "WDE LEGWMEN; CRHMATISTIKOU,
'EPIKOURIKOU, FULAKIKOU GENOU$ 'OIKEIOPRAGIA, "EKASTOU
TOUTWN TO "AUTOU PRATTONTO$ 'EN POLEI, 'TOUNANTION 'EKEINOU
DIKAIOSUNH T' 'AN4 'EIH KAI THN POLIN DIKAIAN PARECOI:
<P 434D>
'OUK 'ALLHI 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'ECEIN 'H= TAUTHI.
MHDEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PW PANU PAGIW$ 'AUTO LEGWMEN, 'ALL'
'EA=N MEN "HMIN KAI 'EI$ "ENA "EKASTON TWN 'ANQRWPWN 'ION TO 'EIDO$
TOUTO "OMOLOGHTAI KAI 'EKEI DIKAIOSUNH 'EINAI, SUGCWRHSOMEQA
'HDH % TI= GAR-KAI 'EROUMEN2: 'EI DE MH, TO=TE 'ALLO TI SKEYOMEQA.
NU*N D' 'EKTELESWMEN THN SKEYIN "HN 'WIHQHMEN, 'EI 'EN MEIZONI TINI
TWN 'ECONTWN0 DIKAIOSUNHN PROTERON 'H=7 'EKEI 'EPICEIRHSAIMEN
QEASASQAI, "RA*ION 'AN4 'EN "ENI 'ANQRWPWI KATIDEIN "OION 'ESTIN. KAI
<P 434E>
'EDOXE DH "HMIN TOUTO 'EINAI POLI$, KAI "OUTW 'WIKIZOMEN "W$
'EDUNAMEQA 'ARISTHN, 'EU 'EIDOTE$ "OTI4 'EN GE THI 'AGAQHI 'AN4 'EIH.
"O= 'OUN "HMIN 'EKEI 'EFANH, 'EPANAFERWMEN 'EI$ TON "ENA, 'KAN2 MEN
"OMOLOGHTAI, KALW$ "EXEI2; 'EA=N DE TI 'ALLO 'EN TW*I "ENI 'EMFAINHTAI,
PALIN 'EPANIONTE$ 'EPI THN POLIN BASANIOUMEN, KAI


<P 435A>
TAC' 'AN4 PAR' 'ALLHLA SKOPOUNTE$ KAI TRIBONTE$, "WSPER 'EK
PUREIWN 'EKLAMYAI0 POIHSAIMEN THN DIKAIOSUNHN; KAI FANERAN
GENOMENHN BEBAIWSOMEQA 'AUTHN PAR' "HMIN-'AUTOI$.
'ALL', 'EFH, KAQ' "ODON TE LEGEI$ KAI POIEIN CRH "OUTW$.
'A*R'-'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "O= GE 'TAUTON 'AN4 TI$ PROSEIPOI MEIZON
TE-KAI 'ELATTON, 'ANOMOION TUGCANEI0 'ON TAUTHI "HI 'TAUTON
PROSAGOREUETAI, 'H= "OMOION:
"OMOION, 'EFH.
<P 435B>
KAI DIKAIO$ 'A=RA 'ANHR DIKAIA$ POLEW$ KAT' 'AUTO TO TH$
DIKAIOSUNH$ 'EIDO$ 'OUDEN DIOISEI2, 'ALL' "OMOIO$ 'ESTAI.
"OMOIO$, 'EFH.
'ALLA=-MENTOI POLI$ GE 'EDOXEN 'EINAI DIKAI=A "OTE 'EN 'AUTHI
TRITTA GENH FUSEWN 'ENONTA TO "AUTWN "EKASTON 'EPRATTEN,
SWFRWN DE 'AU KAI 'ANDREI=A KAI SOFH DIA= TWN 'AUTWN TOUTWN
GENWN 'A=LL' 'ATTA PAQH TE-KAI "EXEI$.
'ALHQH, 'EFH.
KAI TON "ENA 'A=RA, 'W* FILE, "OUTW$ 'AXIWSOMEN, TA 'AUTA TAUTA
<P 435C>
'EIDH 'EN THI "AUTOU YUCHI 'ECONTA, DIA= TA 'AUTA PAQH 'EKEINOI$
TWN 'AUTWN 'ONOMATWN 'ORQW$ 'AXIOUSQAI THI POLEI.
PASA 'ANAGKH, 'EFH.
'EI$ FAULON GE 'AU, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* QAUMASIE, SKEMMA
'EMPEPTWKAMEN PERI= YUCH$, 'EI=TE 'ECEI0 TA TRIA 'EIDH TAUTA 'EN
"AUTHI 'EI=TE MH.
'OU PANU MOI DOKOUMEN, 'EFH, 'EI$ FAULON; 'ISW$ GAR, 'W*
SWKRATE$, TO LEGOMENON 'ALHQE$, "OTI4 CALEPA TA KALA.
FAINETAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. KAI 'EU G' 'ISQI, 'W* GLAUKWN, "W$ "H
<P 435D>
'EMH DOXA, 'AKRIBW$ MEN TOUTO 'EK TOIOUTWN MEQODWN, "OIAI$
NU*N 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$ CRWMEQA0, 'OU MH POTE LABWMEN %
'ALLH GAR MAKROTE=RA KAI PLEIWN "ODO$ "H 'EPI TOUTO 'AGOUSA %
'ISW$ MENTOI TWN GE PROEIRHMENWN TE-KAI PROESKEMMENWN
'AXIW$.
'OUKOU*N 'AGAPHTON: 'EFH; 'EMOI4 MEN-GAR 'EN GE TW*I PARONTI
"IKANW$ 'AN4 'ECOI.
'ALLA=-MENTOI, 'EIPON, 'EMOIGE KAI PANU 'EXARKESEI2.
MH-TOINUN 'APOKAMHI$, 'EFH, 'ALLA= SKOPEI5.
<P 435E>
'A*R'-'OUN "HMIN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, POLLH 'ANAGKH "OMOLOGEIN "OTI4 GE
TA 'AUTA 'EN "EKASTWI 'ENESTIN "HMWN 'EIDH TE-KAI 'HQH "APER
'EN THI POLEI: 'OU-GAR-POU 'ALLOQEN 'EKEISE 'AFIKTAI. GELOION
GAR 'AN4 'EIH 'EI TI$ 'OIHQEIH TO QUMOEIDE$ MH 'EK TWN 'IDIWTWN
'EN TAI$ POLESIN 'EGGEGONENAI, "OI= DH-KAI 'ECOUSI0 TAUTHN THN
'AITIAN, "OION "OI KATA THN QRA\KHN TE-KAI SKUQIKHN KAI SCEDON
TI KATA TON 'ANW TOPON, 'H= TO FILOMAQE$, "O= DH TON PAR' "HMIN


<P 436A>
MALIST' 'AN4 TI$ 'AITIASAITO TOPON, 'H= TO FILOCRHMATON TO PERI=
TOU$ TE FOINIKA$ 'EINAI KAI TOU$ KATA 'AIGUPTON FAIH TI$ 'AN4
'OUC "HKISTA.
KAI MALA, 'EFH.
TOUTO MEN-DH "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI 'OUDEN CALEPON
GNWNAI0.
'OU-DHTA.
TODE DE 'HDH CALEPON, 'EI TW*I 'AUTWI TOUTWI "EKASTA PRATTOMEN
'H= TRISIN 'OUSIN 'ALLO 'ALLWI; MANQANOMEN MEN "ETERWI,
QUMOUMEQA DE 'ALLWI TWN 'EN "HMIN, 'EPIQUMOUMEN D' 'AU TRITWI TINI
TWN PERI= THN TROFHN TE-KAI GENNHSIN "HDONWN KAI "OSA TOUTWN
<P 436B>
'ADELFA, 'H= "OLHI THI YUCHI KAQ' "EKASTON 'AUTWN PRATTOMEN,
"OTAN "ORMHSWMEN. TAUT' 'ESTAI TA CALEPA DIORISASQAI 'AXIW$
LOGOU.
KAI 'EMOI4 DOKEI0, 'EFH.
"WDE TOINUN 'EPICEIRWMEN 'AUTA "ORIZESQAI, 'EI=TE TA 'AUTA
'ALLHLOI$ 'EI=TE "E=TERA 'ESTI.
PW*$:
DHLON "OTI4 'TAUTON 'TANANTIA POIEIN 'H= PASCEIN KATA 'TAUTON
GE-KAI PRO$ 'TAUTON 'OUK 'EQELHSEI2 "AMA, "WSTE 'AN2 POU "EURISKWMEN
'EN 'AUTOI$ TAUTA GIGNOMENA, 'EISOMEQA "OTI4 'OU 'TAUTON
<P 436C>
'H*N 'ALLA= PLEIW.
'EIEN.
SKOPEI5 DH "O= LEGW0.
LEGE, 'EFH.
"ESTANAI0, 'EIPON, KAI KINEISQAI TO 'AUTO "AMA KATA TO 'AUTO
'A*RA DUNATON:
'OUDAMW$.
'ETI TOINUN 'AKRIBESTERON "OMOLOGHSWMEQA, MH PHI PROIONTE$
'AMFISBHTHSWMEN. 'EI GAR TI$ LEGOI 'ANQRWPON "ESTHKOTA,
KINOUNTA DE TA$ CEIRA$ TE-KAI THN KEFALHN, "OTI4 "O 'AUTO$
"ESTHKE0 TE-KAI KINEITAI "AMA, 'OUK 'AN4 'OIMAI 'AXIOIMEN "OUTW
<P 436D>
LEGEIN DEIN, 'ALL' "OTI4 TO MEN TI 'AUTOU4 "ESTHKE0, TO DE KINEITAI.
'OUC "OUTW:
"OUTW.
'OUKOU*N-KAI 'EI 'ETI MALLON CARIENTIZOITO "O TAUTA LEGWN,
KOMYEUOMENO$ "W$ "OI GE STROBILOI "OLOI "ESTASI TE "AMA KAI
KINOUNTAI, "OTAN 'EN TW*I 'AUTWI PHXANTE$ TO KENTRON PERIFERWNTAI,
'H=-KAI 'ALLO TI KUKLWI PERIION 'EN THI 'AUTHI "EDRA\
TOUTO DRA*I20, 'OUK 'AN4 'APODECOIMEQA, "W$ 'OU KATA 'TAUTA "EAUTWN
<P 436E>
TA TOIAUTA TO=TE MENONTWN0 TE-KAI FEROMENWN, 'ALLA= FAIMEN
'AN4 'ECEIN 'AUTA 'EUQU TE-KAI PERIFERE$ 'EN "AUTOI$, KAI KATA MEN
TO 'EUQU "ESTANAI0 % 'OUDAMHI GAR 'APOKLINEIN0 % KATA DE TO PERIFERE$
KUKLWI KINEISQAI, KAI "OTAN DE THN 'EUQUWRIAN 'H= 'EI$
DEXIAN 'H= 'EI$ 'ARISTERAN 'H= 'EI$ TO PROSQEN 'H= 'EI$ TO 'OPISQEN
'EGKLINHI65 "AMA PERIFEROMENON, TO=TE 'OUDAMHI 'ESTIN820 "ESTANAI0.
KAI 'ORQW$ GE, 'EFH.
'OUDEN 'A=RA "HMA$ TWN TOIOUTWN LEGOMENON 'EKPLHXEI2, 'OUDE
MALLON TI PEISEI2 "W$ POTE TI 'AN4 TO 'AUTO 'ON "AMA KATA


<P 437A>
TO 'AUTO PRO$ TO 'AUTO 'TANANTIA PAQOI 'H=-KAI 'EIH 'H=-KAI
POIHSEIEN.
'OU=KOUN 'EME GE, 'EFH.
'ALL' "OMW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "INA MH 'ANAGKAZWMEQA PASA$ TA$
TOIAUTA$ 'AMFISBHTHSEI$ 'EPEXIONTE$ KAI BEBAIOUMENOI "W$
'OUK 'ALHQEI$ 'OUSA$ MHKUNEIN, "UPOQEMENOI "W$ TOUTOU "OUTW$
'ECONTO$ 'EI$ TO PROSQEN PROIWMEN, "OMOLOGHSANTE$, 'EA=N POTE
'ALLHI FANHI TAUTA 'H= TAUTHI, PANTA "HMIN TA 'APO TOUTOU
SUMBAINONTA LELUMENA 'ESESQAI.
'ALLA= CRH, 'EFH, TAUTA POIEIN.
<P 437B>
'A*R' 'AN74 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TO 'EPINEUEIN TW*I 'ANANEUEIN KAI TO
'EFIESQAI TINO$ LABEIN TW*I 'APARNEISQAI KAI TO PROSAGESQAI
TW*I 'APWQEISQAI, PANTA TA TOIAUTA TWN 'ENANTIWN 'ALLHLOI$
QEIH$ 'EI=TE POIHMATWN 'EI=TE PAQHMATWN: 'OUDEN GAR TAUTHI
DIOISEI2.
'ALL', 'H*-D'-"O$, TWN 'ENANTIWN.
TI= 'OUN: 'H*N-D'-'EGW; DIYHN KAI PEINHN KAI "OLW$ TA$ 'EPIQUMIA$,
KAI 'AU TO 'EQELEIN KAI TO BOULESQAI, 'OU PANTA TAUTA
<P 437C>
'EI$ 'EKEINA POI 'AN4 QEIH$ TA 'EIDH TA NUNDH LECQENTA: "OION
'AEI THN TOU* 'EPIQUMOUNTO$ YUCHN 'OUCI 'HTOI 'EFIESQAI FHSEI$
'EKEINOU "OU2 'AN4 'EPIQUMHI5, 'H= PROSAGESQAI TOUTO "O= 'AN4 BOULHTAI "OI2
GENESQAI, 'H= 'AU, KAQ' "OSON 'EQELEI0 TI "OI2 PORISQHNAI, 'EPINEUEIN
TOUTO PRO$ "AUTHN "WSPER TINO$ 'ERWTWNTO$, 'EPOREGOMENHN
'AUTOU4 TH$ GENESEW$:
'EGWGE.
TI= DE: TO 'ABOULEIN KAI MH 'EQELEIN MHD' 'EPIQUMEIN 'OUK
'EI$ TO 'APWQEIN KAI 'APELAUNEIN 'AP' 'AUTH$ KAI 'EI$ "APANTA
'TANANTIA 'EKEINOI$ QHSOMEN:
<P 437D>
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
TOUTWN DH "OUTW$ 'ECONTWN0 'EPIQUMIWN TI FHSOMEN 'EINAI
'EIDO$, KAI 'ENARGESTATA$ 'AUTWN TOUTWN "HN TE DIYAN KALOUMEN0
KAI "HN PEINAN:
FHSOMEN, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'OUKOU*N THN MEN POTOU, THN D' 'EDWDH$:
NAI.
'A*R'-'OUN, KAQ' "OSON DIYA 'ESTI, PLEONO$ 'AN4 TINO$ 'H= "OU2
LEGOMEN 'EPIQUMIA 'EN THI YUCHI 'EIH, "OION DIYA 'ESTI DIYA
'A*RA-GE QERMOU POTOU 'H= YUCROU, 'H= POLLOU 'H= 'OLIGOU, 'H=-KAI
"ENI LOGWI POIOU*2 TINO$ PWMATO$: 'H= 'EA=N MEN TI$ QERMOTH$ TW*I
<P 437E>
DIYEI PROSHI, THN TOU* YUCROU 'EPIQUMIAN PROSPARECOIT' 'AN4,
'EA=N DE YUCROTH$, THN TOU* QERMOU: 'EA=N DE DIA= PLHQOU$
PAROUSIAN POLLH "H DIYA 'HI, THN TOU* POLLOU PAREXETAI, 'EA=N
DE 'OLIGH, THN TOU* 'OLIGOU: 'AUTO DE TO DIYHN 'OU MH POTE
'ALLOU GENHTAI 'EPIQUMIA 'H= "OUPER2 PEFUKEN0, 'AUTOU4 PWMATO$,
KAI 'AU TO PEINHN BRWMATO$:
"OUTW$, 'EFH, 'AUTH GE "H 'EPIQUMIA "EKASTH 'AUTOU4 MONON
"EKASTOU "OU2 PEFUKEN0, TOU* DE TOIOU 'H= TOIOU TA PROSGIGNOMENA.


<P 438A>
MHTOI TI$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ASKEPTOU$ "HMA$ 'ONTA$ QORUBHSHI6,
"W$ 'OUDEI$ POTOU 'EPIQUMEI0 'ALLA= CRHSTOU POTOU, KAI 'OU SITOU
'ALLA= CRHSTOU SITOU. PANTE$ GAR-'A=RA TWN 'AGAQWN 'EPIQUMOUSIN0;
'EI 'OUN "H DIYA 'EPIQUMIA 'ESTI, CRHSTOU 'AN4 'EIH 'EI=TE
PWMATO$ 'EI=TE 'ALLOU "OTOU 'ESTIN 'EPIQUMIA, KAI "AI 'ALLAI "OUTW.
'ISW$ GAR 'AN4, 'EFH, DOKOI TI LEGEIN "O TAUTA LEGWN.
'ALLA=-MENTOI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OSA G' 'ESTI TOIAUTA "OI*A 'EINAI
<P 438B>
TOU, TA MEN POIA= 'ATTA POIOU*2 TINO$ 'ESTIN, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0,
TA D' 'AUTA "EKASTA 'AUTOU4 "EKASTOU MONON.
'OUK 'EMAQON, 'EFH.
'OUK 'EMAQE$, 'EFHN, "OTI4 TO MEIZON TOIOUTON 'ESTIN "OION
TINO$ 'EINAI MEIZON:
PANU GE.
'OUKOU*N TOU* 'ELATTONO$:
NAI.
TO DE-GE POLU MEIZON POLU 'ELATTONO$. 'H*-GAR:
NAI.
'A*R'-'OUN-KAI TO POTE MEIZON POTE 'ELATTONO$, KAI TO
'ESOMENON MEIZON 'ESOMENOU 'ELATTONO$:
'ALLA= TI= MHN: 'H*-D'-"O$.
<P 438C>
KAI TA PLEIW DH PRO$ TA 'ELATTW KAI TA DIPLA=SIA PRO$ TA
"HMISEA KAI PANTA TA TOIAUTA, KAI 'AU BARU=TERA PRO$ KOUFO=TERA
KAI QATTW PRO$ TA BRADU=TERA, KAI 'ETI GE TA QERMA
PRO$ TA YUCRA KAI PANTA TA TOUTOI$ "O=MOIA 'A*R' 'OUC "OUTW$ 'ECEI0:
PANU MEN-'OUN.
TI= DE TA PERI= TA$ 'EPISTHMA$: 'OUC "O 'AUTO$ TROPO$:
'EPISTHMH MEN 'AUTH MAQHMATO$ 'AUTOU4 'EPISTHMH 'ESTIN 'H= "OTOU
DH DEI QEINAI0 THN 'EPISTHMHN, 'EPISTHMH DE TI$ KAI POIA= TI$
<P 438D>
POIOU*2 TINO$ KAI TINO$. LEGW0 DE TO TOIONDE; 'OUK 'EPEIDH
'OIKIA$ 'ERGASIA$ 'EPISTHMH 'EGENETO, DIHNEGKE TWN 'ALLWN
'EPISTHMWN, "WSTE 'OIKODOMIKH KLHQHNAI:
TI= MHN:
'A*R' 'OU TW*I POIA= TI$ 'EINAI, "OI=A "ETE=RA 'OUDEMIA TWN
'ALLWN:
NAI.
'OUKOU*N 'EPEIDH POIOU*2 TINO$, KAI 'AUTH POIA= TI$ 'EGENETO:
KAI "AI 'ALLAI "OUTW TECNAI TE-KAI 'EPISTHMAI:
'ESTIN "OUTW.
TOUTO TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, FAQI ME TO=TE BOULESQAI LEGEIN,
'EI 'A=RA NU*N 'EMAQE$, "OTI4 "OSA 'ESTIN "OI*A 'EINAI TOU, 'AUTA MEN
MONA 'AUTWN MONWN 'ESTIN, TWN DE POIW*N2 TINWN POIA= 'ATTA.
<P 438E>
KAI 'OU TI LEGW0, "W$, "OIWN 'AN4 'HI, TOIAUTA KAI 'ESTIN, "W$ 'A=RA-KAI
TWN "UGIEINWN KAI NOSWDWN "H 'EPISTHMH "UGIEINH KAI
NOSWDH$ KAI TWN KAKWN KAI TWN 'AGAQWN KAKH KAI 'AGAQH;
'ALL' 'EPEIDH 'OUK 'AUTOU4 "OUPER2 'EPISTHMH 'ESTIN 'EGENETO 'EPISTHMH,
'ALLA= POIOU*2 TINO$, TOUTO D' 'H*N "UGIEINON KAI NOSWDE$,
POIA= DH TI$ SUNEBH KAI 'AUTH GENESQAI, KAI TOUTO 'AUTHN
'EPOIHSEN MHKETI 'EPISTHMHN "APLW$ KALEISQAI0, 'ALLA= TOU* POIOU*2
TINO$ PROSGENOMENOU 'IATRIKHN.
'EMAQON, 'EFH, KAI MOI DOKEI0 "OUTW$ 'ECEIN.


<P 439A>
TO DE-DH DIYO$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OU TOUTWN QHSEI$ TWN TINO$
'EINAI TOUTO "OPER 'ESTIN: 'ESTI DE-DHPOU DIYO$ %
'EGWGE, 'H*-D'-"O$; PWMATO$ GE.
'OUKOU*N POIOU*2 MEN TINO$ PWMATO$ POIO=N TI KAI DIYO$,
DIYO$ D'-'OUN 'AUTO 'OUTE POLLOU 'OUTE 'OLIGOU, 'OUTE 'AGAQOU
'OUTE KAKOU, 'OUD' "ENI LOGWI POIOU*2 TINO$, 'ALL' 'AUTOU4 PWMATO$
MONON 'AUTO DIYO$ PEFUKEN0:
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
TOU* DIYWNTO$ 'A=RA "H YUCH, KAQ' "OSON DIYHI0, 'OUK 'ALLO
<P 439B>
TI BOULETAI 'H= PIEIN, KAI TOUTOU 'OREGETAI KAI 'EPI TOUTO "ORMA*I0.
DHLON DH.
'OUKOU*N 'EI POTE TI 'AUTHN 'ANQELKEI0 DIYWSAN, "ETERON 'AN4 TI
'EN 'AUTHI 'EIH 'AUTOU4 TOU* DIYWNTO$ KAI 'AGONTO$ "WSPER QHRION
'EPI TO PIEIN: 'OU-GAR-DH, FAMEN, TO GE 'AUTO TW*I 'AUTWI "EAUTOU
PERI= TO 'AUTO "AM' 'AN74 'TANANTIA PRATTOI.
'OU-GAR-'OUN.
"WSPER GE 'OIMAI TOU* TOXOTOU 'OU KALW$ 'ECEI0 LEGEIN "OTI4
'AUTOU4 "AMA "AI CEIRE$ TO TOXON 'APWQOUNTAI TE-KAI PROSELKONTAI,
'ALL' "OTI4 'ALLH MEN "H 'APWQOUSA CEIR, "ETE=RA DE "H
PROSAGOMENH.
<P 439C>
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
POTERON DH FWMEN TINA$ 'ESTIN "OTE DIYWNTA$ 'OUK 'EQELEIN
PIEIN:
KAI MALA G', 'EFH, POLLOU$ KAI POLLAKI$.
TI= 'OUN, 'EFHN 'EGW, FAIH TI$ 'AN4 TOUTWN PE=RI: 'OUK 'ENEINAI
MEN 'EN THI YUCHI 'AUTWN TO KELEUON, 'ENEINAI DE TO KWLUON
PIEIN, 'ALLO 'ON KAI KRATOUN TOU* KELEUONTO$:
'EMOIGE, 'EFH, DOKEI0.
'A*R'-'OUN 'OU TO MEN KWLUON TA TOIAUTA 'EGGIGNETAI, "OTAN
<P 439D>
'EGGENHTAI, 'EK LOGISMOU, TA DE 'AGONTA KAI "ELKONTA DIA=
PAQHMATWN TE-KAI NOSHMATWN PARAGIGNETAI:
FAINETAI.
'OU-DH 'ALOGW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'AXIWSOMEN 'AUTA DITTA TE-KAI
"E=TERA 'ALLHLWN 'EINAI, TO MEN "WI LOGIZETAI LOGISTIKON PROSAGOREUONTE$
TH$ YUCH$, TO DE "WI 'ERA*I0 TE-KAI PEINHI0 KAI
DIYHI0 KAI PERI= TA$ 'ALLA$ 'EPIQUMIA$ 'EPTOHTAI 'ALOGISTON
TE-KAI 'EPIQUMHTIKON, PLHRWSEWN TINWN KAI "HDONWN "ETAIRON.
<P 439E>
'OU=K 'ALL' 'EIKOTW$, 'EFH, "HGOIMEQ' 'AN4 "OUTW$.
TAUTA MEN-TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DUO "HMIN "WRISQW 'EIDH 'EN
YUCHI 'ENONTA; TO DE-DH TOU* QUMOU KAI "WI QUMOUMEQA POTERON
TRITON, 'H= TOUTWN POTERWI 'AN4 'EIH "OMOFUE$:
'ISW$, 'EFH, TW*I "ETERWI, TW*I 'EPIQUMHTIKWI.
'ALL', 'H*N-D'-'EGW, POTE 'AKOUSA$ TI88 PISTEUW0 TOUTWI;
"W$ 'A=RA LEONTIO$ "O 'AGLAIWNO$ 'ANIWN 'EK PEIRAIW$ "UPO TO
BOREION TEICO$ 'EKTO$, 'AISQOMENO$ NEKROU$ PARA TW*I DHMIWI
KEIMENOU$, "AMA MEN 'IDEIN 'EPIQUMOI, "AMA DE 'AU DUSCERAINOI
KAI 'APOTREPOI "EAUTON, KAI TEW$ MEN MACOITO TE-KAI PARAKALUPTOITO,


<P 440A>
KRATOUMENO$ D'-'OUN "UPO TH$ 'EPIQUMIA$, DIELKUSA$
TOU$ 'OFQALMOU$, PROSDRAMWN PRO$ TOU$ NEKROU$, 'IDOU "UMIN,
'EFH, 'W* KAKODAIMONE$, 'EMPLHSQHTE2 TOU* KALOU QEAMATO$.
'HKOUSA, 'EFH, KAI 'AUTO$.
"OUTO$ MENTOI, 'EFHN, "O LOGO$ SHMAINEI0 THN 'ORGHN POLEMEIN
'ENIOTE TAI$ 'EPIQUMIAI$ "W$ 'ALLO 'ON 'ALLWI.
SHMAINEI0 GAR, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N-KAI 'ALLOQI, 'EFHN, POLLACOU 'AISQANOMEQA, "OTAN
<P 440B>
BIAZWNTAI TINA PARA TON LOGISMON 'EPIQUMIAI, LOIDOROUNTA
TE "AUTON KAI QUMOUMENON TW*I BIAZOMENWI 'EN "AUTWI, KAI "WSPER
DUOIN STASIAZONTOIN SUMMACON TW*I LOGWI GIGNOMENON TON
QUMON TOU* TOIOUTOU: TAI$ D' 'EPIQUMIAI$ 'AUTON KOINWNHSANTA,
"AIROUNTO$ LOGOU MH DEIN 'ANTIPRATTEIN, 'OIMAI SE 'OUK 'AN4
FANAI0 GENOMENOU POTE 'EN SAUTWI TOU* TOIOUTOU 'AISQESQAI,
'OIMAI D'-'OUD' 'EN 'ALLWI.
'OU MA TON DI=A, 'EFH.
<P 440C>
TI= DE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OTAN TI$ 'OIHTAI 'ADIKEIN: 'OUC "OSWI 'AN4
GENNAIOTERO$ 'HI, TOSOUTWI "HTTON DUNATAI 'ORGIZESQAI KAI
PEINWN KAI "RIGWN KAI 'ALLO "OTIOUN TWN TOIOUTWN PASCWN
"UP' 'EKEINOU "ON 'AN4 'OIHTAI DIKAIW$ TAUTA DRAN, KAI, "O= LEGW0,
'OUK 'EQELEI0 PRO$ TOUTON 'AUTOU4 'EGEIRESQAI "O QUMO$:
'ALHQH, 'EFH.
TI= DE "OTAN 'ADIKEISQAI TI$ "HGHTAI: 'OUK 'EN TOUTWI ZEI0 TE-KAI
CALEPAINEI0 KAI SUMMACEI0 TW*I DOKOUNTI DIKAIWI KAI, DIA=
TO PEINHN KAI DIA= TO "RIGOUN0 KAI PANTA TA TOIAUTA PASCEIN,
<P 440D>
"UPOMENWN0 KAI NIKA*I0 KAI 'OU LHGEI0 TWN GENNAIWN, PRIN 'AN4 'H=
DIAPRAXHTAI 'H= TELEUTHSHI6 'H= "WSPER KUWN "UPO NOMEW$ "UPO
TOU* LOGOU TOU* PAR' "AUTWI 'ANAKLHQEI$ PRAUNQHI:
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH, 'EOIKE0 TOUTWI "WI LEGEI$; KAITOI-G' 'EN
THI "HMETERA\ POLEI TOU$ 'EPIKOUROU$ "WSPER KUNA$ 'EQEMEQA
"UPHKOOU$ TWN 'ARCONTWN0 "WSPER POIMENWN POLEW$.
KALW$ GAR, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, NOEI$ "O= BOULOMAI LEGEIN. 'ALL'-'H*
PRO$ TOUTWI KAI TODE 'ENQUMHI0:
<P 440E>
TO POI*ON:
"OTI4 'TOUNANTION 'H= 'ARTIW$ "HMIN FAINETAI PERI= TOU*
QUMOEIDOU$. TO=TE MEN-GAR 'EPIQUMHTIKON TI 'AUTO 'WIOMEQA
'EINAI, NU*N DE POLLOU DEIN FAMEN, 'ALLA= POLU MALLON
'AUTO 'EN THI TH$ YUCH$ STASEI TIQESQAI TA "OPLA PRO$ TO
LOGISTIKON.
PANTAPASIN, 'EFH.
'A*R'-'OUN "ETERON 'ON KAI TOUTOU, 'H= LOGISTIKOU TI 'EIDO$,
"WSTE MH TRIA 'ALLA= DUO 'EIDH 'EINAI 'EN YUCHI, LOGISTIKON KAI
'EPIQUMHTIKON: 'H= KAQAPER 'EN THI POLEI SUNEICEN 'AUTHN TRIA


<P 441A>
'ONTA GENH, CRHMATISTIKON, 'EPIKOURHTIKON, BOULEUTIKON, "OUTW$
KAI 'EN YUCHI TRITON TOUTO 'ESTI TO QUMOEIDE$, 'EPIKOURON 'ON
TW*I LOGISTIKWI FUSEI, 'EA=N MH "UPO KAKH$ TROFH$ DIAFQARHI:
'ANAGKH, 'EFH, TRITON.
NAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'AN2 GE TOU* LOGISTIKOU 'ALLO TI FANHI,
"WSPER TOU* 'EPIQUMHTIKOU 'EFANH "ETERON 'ON.
'ALL' 'OU CALEPON, 'EFH, FANHNAI; KAI-GAR 'EN TOI$ PAIDIOI$
TOUTO G' 'AN4 TI$ 'IDOI, "OTI4 QUMOU MEN 'EUQU$ GENOMENA MESTA
'ESTI, LOGISMOU D' 'ENIOI MEN 'EMOIGE DOKOUSIN0 'OUDEPOTE METALAMBANEIN,
<P 441B>
"OI DE POLLOI 'OYE POTE.
NAI MA DI=', 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KALW$ GE 'EIPE$. 'ETI DE 'EN TOI$
QHRIOI$ 'AN4 TI$ 'IDOI "O= LEGEI$, "OTI4 "OUTW$ 'ECEI0. PRO$ DE
TOUTOI$ KAI "O= 'ANW POU 'EKEI8 'EIPOMEN, TO TOU* "OMHROU
MARTURHSEI2, TO %
STHQO$9 DE9 PLHXA$9 KRADIHN9 'HNIPAPE9 MUQWI9.
'ENTAUQA GAR-DH SAFW$ "W$ "ETERON "ETERWI 'EPIPLHTTON PEPOIHKEN0
<P 441C>
"OMHRO$ TO 'ANALOGISAMENON PERI= TOU* BELTIONO$ TE-KAI
CEIRONO$ TW*I 'ALOGISTW$ QUMOUMENWI.
KOMIDHI, 'EFH, 'ORQW$ LEGEI$.
TAUTA MEN-'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, MOGI$ DIANENEUKAMEN, KAI
"HMIN 'EPIEIKW$ "WMOLOGHTAI TA 'AUTA MEN 'EN POLEI, TA 'AUTA
D' 'EN "ENO$ "EKASTOU THI YUCHI GENH 'ENEINAI KAI 'ISA TON
'ARIQMON.
'ESTI TAUTA.
'OUKOU*N 'EKEINO GE 'HDH 'ANAGKAION, "W$ POLI$ 'H*N SOFH KAI
"WI, "OUTW KAI TON 'IDIWTHN KAI TOUTWI SOFON 'EINAI:
TI= MHN:
<P 441D>
KAI "WI DH 'ANDREIO$ 'IDIWTH$ KAI "W=$, TOUTWI KAI POLIN
'ANDREIAN KAI "OUTW$, KAI 'TALLA PANTA PRO$ 'ARETHN "WSAUTW$
'AMFO=TERA 'ECEIN:
'ANAGKH.
KAI DIKAION DH, 'W* GLAUKWN, 'OIMAI FHSOMEN 'ANDRA 'EINAI
TW*I 'AUTWI TROPWI "WIPER KAI POLI$ 'H*N DIKAI=A.
KAI TOUTO PASA 'ANAGKH.
'ALL' 'OU PHI MHN TOUTO GE 'EPILELHSMEQA, "OTI4 'EKEINH GE
TW*I TO "EAUTOU "EKASTON 'EN 'AUTHI PRATTEIN TRIWN 'ONTWN0 GENWN
DIKAI=A 'H*N.
'OU MOI DOKOUMEN, 'EFH, 'EPILELHSQAI.
MNHMONEUTEON 'A=RA "HMIN "OTI4 KAI "HMWN "EKASTO$, "OTOU 'AN4
<P 441E>
TA "AUTOU "EKASTON TWN 'EN 'AUTWI PRATTHI5, "OUTO$ DIKAIO$ TE
'ESTAI KAI TA "AUTOU PRATTWN.
KAI MALA, 'H*-D'-"O$, MNHMONEUTEON.
'OUKOU*N TW*I MEN LOGISTIKWI 'ARCEIN PROSHKEI0, SOFWI 'ONTI
KAI 'ECONTI THN "UPER "APASH$ TH$ YUCH$ PROMHQEIAN, TW*I DE
QUMOEIDEI "UPHKOWI 'EINAI KAI SUMMACWI TOUTOU:
PANU GE.
'A*R'-'OUN 'OUC, "WSPER 'ELEGOMEN, MOUSIKH$ KAI GUMNASTIKH$
KRASI$ SUMFWNA 'AUTA POIHSEI2, TO MEN 'EPITEINOUSA KAI


<P 442A>
TREFOUSA LOGOI$ TE KALOI$ KAI MAQHMASIN, TO DE 'ANIEISA
PARAMUQOUMENH, "HMEROUSA "ARMONIA\ TE-KAI "RUQMWI:
KOMIDHI GE, 'H*-D'-"O$.
KAI TOUTW DH "OUTW TRAFENTE KAI "W$ 'ALHQW$ TA "AUTWN
MAQONTE KAI PAIDEUQENTE PROSTHSESQON TOU* 'EPIQUMHTIKOU % "O=
DH PLEISTON TH$ YUCH$ 'EN "EKASTWI 'ESTI KAI CRHMATWN FUSEI
'APLHSTOTATON % "O= THRHSETON MH TW*I PIMPLASQAI TWN PERI=
TO SWMA KALOUMENWN0 "HDONWN POLU KAI 'ISCURON GENOMENON
<P 442B>
'OUK 'AU TA "AUTOU PRATTHI5, 'ALLA= KATADOULWSASQAI KAI 'ARCEIN
'EPICEIRHSHI6 "WN 'OU PROSHKON0 'AUTWI GENEI, KAI SUMPANTA TON
BION PANTWN 'ANATREYHI6.
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
'A*R'-'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI TOU$ 'EXWQEN POLEMIOU$ TOUTW 'AN4
KALLISTA FULATTOITHN "UPER "APASH$ TH$ YUCH$ TE-KAI
TOU* SWMATO$, TO MEN BOULEUOMENON, TO DE PROPOLEMOUN,
"EPOMENON DE8 TW*I 'ARCONTI KAI THI 'ANDREIA\ 'EPITELOUN0 TA
BOULEUQENTA:
'ESTI TAUTA.
KAI 'ANDREION DH 'OIMAI TOUTWI TW*I MEREI KALOUMEN20 "ENA
<P 442C>
"EKASTON, "OTAN 'AUTOU4 TO QUMOEIDE$ DIASWIZHI5 DIA= TE LUPWN
KAI "HDONWN TO "UPO TWN LOGWN PARAGGELQEN DEINON TE-KAI
MH.
'ORQW$ G', 'EFH.
SOFON DE-GE 'EKEINWI TW*I SMIKRWI MEREI, TW*I "O= 'HRCEN T' 'EN
'AUTWI KAI TAUTA PARHGGELLEN, 'ECON 'AU 'KAKEINO 'EPISTHMHN
'EN "AUTWI THN TOU* SUMFERONTO$ "EKASTWI TE-KAI "OLWI TW*I KOINWI
SFWN 'AUTWN TRIWN 'ONTWN0.
PANU MEN-'OUN.
TI= DE: SWFRONA 'OU THI FILIA\ KAI SUMFWNIA\ THI 'AUTWN
TOUTWN, "OTAN TO TE 'ARCON KAI TW 'ARCOMENW TO LOGISTIKON
<P 442D>
"OMODOXWSI DEIN 'ARCEIN KAI MH STASIAZWSIN 'AUTWI:
SWFROSUNH GOUN, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'OUK 'ALLO TI 'ESTIN 'H= TOUTO,
POLEW$ TE-KAI 'IDIWTOU.
'ALLA=-MEN-DH DIKAIO$ GE, "WI POLLAKI$ LEGOMEN, TOUTWI KAI
"OUTW$ 'ESTAI.
POLLH 'ANAGKH.
TI= 'OUN: 'EIPON 'EGW; MH PHI "HMIN 'APAMBLUNETAI 'ALLO TI
DIKAIOSUNH DOKEIN 'EINAI 'H= "OPER 'EN THI POLEI 'EFANH:
'OUK 'EMOIGE, 'EFH, DOKEI0.
"WDE GAR, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PANTAPASIN 'AN4 BEBAIWSAIMEQA
<P 442E>
'EI TI "HMWN 'ETI 'EN THI YUCHI 'AMFISBHTEI0, TA FORTIKA 'AUTWI
PROSFERONTE$.
POI*A DH:
"OION 'EI DEOI "HMA$ 'ANOMOLOGEISQAI PERI= TE 'EKEINH$ TH$
POLEW$ KAI TOU* 'EKEINHI "OMOIW$ PEFUKOTO$ TE-KAI TEQRAMMENOU
'ANDRO$, 'EI DOKEI0 'AN4 PARAKATAQHKHN CRUSIOU 'H= 'ARGURIOU
DEXAMENO$ "O TOIOUTO$ 'APOSTERHSAI0, TI=N' 'AN4 'OIEI 'OIHQHNAI


<P 443A>
TOUTON 'AUTO DRASAI0 MALLON 'H= "OSOI MH TOIOUTOI:
'OUDEN' 'AN4, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N-KAI "IEROSULIWN KAI KLOPWN KAI PRODOSIWN, 'H=
'IDIA\ "ETAIRWN 'H= DHMOSIA\ POLEWN, 'EKTO$ 'AN4 "OUTO$ 'EIH:
'EKTO$.
KAI-MHN-'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN G' 'AN4 'APISTO$ 'H= KATA "ORKOU$ 'H=
KATA TA$ 'ALLA$ "OMOLOGIA$.
PW*$ GAR 'AN4:
MOICEIAI GE-MHN-KAI GONEWN 'AMELEIAI KAI QEWN 'AQERAPEUSIAI
PANTI 'ALLWI MALLON 'H= TW*I TOIOUTWI PROSHKOUSI0.
PANTI MENTOI, 'EFH.
<P 443B>
'OUKOU*N TOUTWN PANTWN 'AITION "OTI4 'AUTOU4 TWN 'EN 'AUTWI
"EKASTON TA "AUTOU PRATTEI0 'ARCH$ TE PE=RI KAI TOU* 'ARCESQAI:
TOUTO MEN-'OUN, KAI 'OUDEN 'ALLO.
'ETI TI 'OUN "ETERON ZHTEI$ DIKAIOSUNHN 'EINAI 'H= TAUTHN THN
DUNAMIN "H= TOU$ TOIOUTOU$ 'ANDRA$ TE PARECETAI KAI POLEI$:
MA DI=A, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'OUK 'EGWGE.
TELEON 'A=RA "HMIN TO 'ENUPNION 'APOTETELESTAI, "O= 'EFAMEN
"UPOPTEUSAI0 "W$ 'EUQU$ 'ARCOMENOI TH$ POLEW$ 'OIKIZEIN KATA
<P 443C>
QEON TINA 'EI$ 'ARCHN TE-KAI TUPON TINA TH$ DIKAIOSUNH$
KINDUNEUOMEN 'EMBEBHKENAI.
PANTAPASIN MEN-'OUN.
TO DE-GE 'H*N 'A=RA, 'W* GLAUKWN % DI' "O= KAI 'WFELEI60 % 'EIDWLON
TI TH$ DIKAIOSUNH$, TO TON MEN SKUTOTOMIKON FUSEI 'ORQW$
'ECEIN SKUTOTOMEIN KAI 'ALLO MHDEN PRATTEIN, TON DE TEKTONIKON
TEKTAINESQAI, KAI 'TALLA DH "OUTW$.
FAINETAI.
TO DE-GE 'ALHQE$, TOIOUTON TI 'H*N, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "H DIKAIOSUNH
'ALL' 'OU PERI= THN 'EXW PRAXIN TWN "AUTOU, 'ALLA= PERI= THN
<P 443D>
'ENTO$, "W$ 'ALHQW$ PERI= "EAUTON KAI TA "EAUTOU, MH 'EASANTA
'TALLO=TRIA PRATTEIN "EKASTON 'EN "AUTWI MHDE POLUPRAGMONEIN
PRO$ 'ALLHLA TA 'EN THI YUCHI GENH, 'ALLA= TW*I-'ONTI TA 'OIKEI*A
'EU QEMENON KAI 'ARXANTA 'AUTON "AUTOU KAI KOSMHSANTA KAI
FILON GENOMENON "EAUTWI KAI SUNARMOSANTA TRIA 'ONTA, "WSPER
"OROU$ TREI$ "ARMONIA$ 'ATECNW$, NEATH$ TE-KAI "UPATH$ KAI
MESH$, KAI 'EI 'A=LLA 'ATTA METAXU TUGCANEI0 'ONTA, PANTA TAUTA
<P 443E>
SUNDHSANTA KAI PANTAPASIN "ENA GENOMENON 'EK POLLWN,
SWFRONA KAI "HRMOSMENON, "OUTW DH PRATTEIN 'HDH, 'EA=N TI
PRATTHI5 'H= PERI= CRHMATWN KTHSIN 'H= PERI SWMATO$ QERAPEIAN
'H=-KAI POLITIKON TI 'H= PERI= TA 'I=DIA SUMBOLAIA, 'EN PASI TOUTOI$
"HGOUMENON KAI 'ONOMAZONTA DIKAIAN MEN-KAI KALHN PRAXIN
"H= 'AN4 TAUTHN THN "EXIN SWIZHI5 TE-KAI SUNAPERGAZHTAI, SOFIAN
DE THN 'EPISTATOUSAN TAUTHI THI PRAXEI 'EPISTHMHN, 'ADIKON DE


<P 444A>
PRAXIN "H= 'AN4 'AEI TAUTHN LUHI5, 'AMAQIAN DE THN TAUTHI 'AU
'EPISTATOUSAN DOXAN.
PANTAPASIN, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
'EIEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; TON MEN DIKAION KAI 'ANDRA KAI POLIN
KAI DIKAIOSUNHN, "O= TUGCANEI0 'EN 'AUTOI$ 'ON, 'EI FAIMEN
"HURHKENAI, 'OUK 'AN4 PANU TI 'OIMAI DOXAIMEN YEUDESQAI.
MA DI=A 'OU-MENTOI, 'EFH.
FWMEN 'A=RA:
FWMEN.
'ESTW DH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; META GAR TOUTO SKEPTEON 'OIMAI
'ADIKIAN.
DHLON.
<P 444B>
'OUKOU*N STASIN TINA 'AU TRIWN 'ONTWN0 TOUTWN DEI 'AUTHN
'EINAI KAI POLUPRAGMOSUNHN KAI 'ALLOTRIOPRAGMOSUNHN KAI
'EPANASTASIN MEROU$ TINO$ TW*I "OLWI TH$ YUCH$, "IN' 'ARCHI5 'EN
'AUTHI 'OU PROSHKON0, 'ALLA= TOIOUTOU 'ONTO$ FUSEI "OIOU PREPEIN
'AUTWI DOULEUEIN, TW*I D' 'OU DOULEUEIN 'ARCIKOU GENOU$ 'ONTI:
TOIAUT' 'ATTA 'OIMAI FHSOMEN KAI THN TOUTWN TARACHN KAI
PLANHN 'EINAI THN TE 'ADIKIAN KAI 'AKOLASIAN KAI DEILIAN KAI
'AMAQIAN KAI SULLHBDHN PASAN KAKIAN.
'AUTA MEN-'OUN TAUTA, 'EFH.
<P 444C>
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI TO 'ADIKA PRATTEIN KAI TO 'ADIKEIN
KAI 'AU TO DI=KAIA POIEIN, TAUTA PANTA TUGCANEI0 'ONTA KATADHLA
'HDH SAFW$, 'EIPER KAI "H 'ADIKIA TE-KAI DIKAIOSUNH:
PW*$ DH:
"OTI4, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TUGCANEI0 'OUDEN DIAFERONTA TWN "UGIEINWN
TE-KAI NOSWDWN, "W$ 'EKEINA 'EN SWMATI, TAUTA 'EN YUCHI.
PH*I: 'EFH.
TA MEN-POU "UGIEINA "UGIEIAN 'EMPOIEI0, TA DE NOSWDH NOSON.
NAI.
'OUKOU*N-KAI TO MEN DI=KAIA PRATTEIN DIKAIOSUNHN 'EMPOIEI0,
<P 444D>
TO D' 'ADIKA 'ADIKIAN:
'ANAGKH.
'ESTI DE TO MEN "UGIEIAN POIEIN TA 'EN TW*I SWMATI KATA
FUSIN KAQISTANAI KRATEIN TE-KAI KRATEISQAI "UP' 'ALLHLWN,
TO DE NOSON PARA FUSIN 'ARCEIN TE-KAI 'ARCESQAI 'ALLO "UP'
'ALLOU.
'ESTI GAR.
'OUKOU*N 'AU, 'EFHN, TO DIKAIOSUNHN 'EMPOIEIN TA 'EN THI YUCHI
KATA FUSIN KAQISTANAI KRATEIN TE-KAI KRATEISQAI "UP' 'ALLHLWN,
TO DE 'ADIKIAN PARA FUSIN 'ARCEIN TE-KAI 'ARCESQAI
'ALLO "UP' 'ALLOU:
KOMIDHI, 'EFH.
'ARETH MEN-'A=RA, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "UGIEIA TE TI$ 'AN4 'EIH KAI
<P 444E>
KALLO$ KAI 'EUEXIA YUCH$, KAKIA DE NOSO$ TE-KAI 'AISCO$ KAI
'ASQENEIA.
'ESTIN "OUTW.
'A*R'-'OUN-'OU-KAI TA MEN KALA 'EPITHDEUMATA 'EI$ 'ARETH$
KTHSIN FEREI0, TA D' 'AISCRA 'EI$ KAKIA$:
'ANAGKH.
TO DH LOIPON 'HDH, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "HMIN 'ESTI SKEYASQAI


<P 445A>
POTERON 'AU LUSITELEI0 DI=KAIA TE PRATTEIN KAI KALA 'EPITHDEUEIN
KAI 'EINAI DIKAION, 'EANTE LANQANHI5 'EANTE MH TOIOUTO$
'WN 'H= 'ADIKEIN TE-KAI 'ADIKON 'EINAI, 'EANPER MH DIDWI0 DIKHN
MHDE BELTIWN GIGNHTAI KOLAZOMENO$.
'ALL', 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, GELOION 'EMOIGE FAINETAI TO
SKEMMA GIGNESQAI 'HDH, 'EI TOU* MEN SWMATO$ TH$ FUSEW$
DIAFQEIROMENH$ DOKEI0 'OU BIWTON 'EINAI 'OUDE META PANTWN
SITIWN TE-KAI POTWN KAI PANTO$ PLOUTOU KAI PASH$ 'ARCH$,
TH$ DE 'AUTOU4 TOUTOU "WI ZWMEN0 FUSEW$ TARATTOMENH$ KAI
<P 445B>
DIAFQEIROMENH$ BIWTON 'A=RA 'ESTAI, 'EANPER TI$ POIHI5 "O= 'AN4
BOULHQHI 'ALLO PLHN TOUTO "OPOQEN KAKIA$ MEN-KAI 'ADIKIA$
'APALLAGHSETAI, DIKAIOSUNHN DE-KAI 'ARETHN KTHSETAI, 'EPEIDHPER
'EFANH GE 'ONTA "EKA=TERA "OI*A "HMEI$ DIELHLUQAMEN.
GELOION GAR, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; 'ALL' "OMW$ 'EPEIPER 'ENTAUQA 'ELHLUQAMEN,
"OSON "OION-TE SAFESTATA KATIDEIN "OTI4 TAUTA "OUTW$
'ECEI0 'OU CRH 'APOKAMNEIN.
"HKISTA, NH TON DI=A, 'EFH, PANTWN 'APOKMHTEON.
<P 445C>
DEURO NUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "INA KAI 'IDHI$ "OSA KAI 'EIDH 'ECEI0 "H
KAKIA, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0, "A GE-DH-KAI 'A=XIA QEA$.
"EPOMAI, 'EFH; MONON LEGE.
KAI-MHN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "WSPER 'APO SKOPIA$ MOI FAINETAI,
'EPEIDH 'ENTAUQA 'ANABEBHKAMEN TOU* LOGOU, "EN MEN 'EINAI 'EIDO$
TH$ 'ARETH$, 'APEIRA DE TH$ KAKIA$, TETTARA D' 'EN 'AUTOI$ 'ATTA
"WN KAI 'AXION 'EPIMNHSQHNAI.
PW*$ LEGEI$: 'EFH.
"OSOI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, POLITEIWN TROPOI 'EISIN 'EIDH 'ECONTE$,
TOSOUTOI KINDUNEUOUSI0 KAI YUCH$ TROPOI 'EINAI.
PO=SOI DH:
<P 445D>
PENTE MEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, POLITEIWN, PENTE DE YUCH$.
LEGE, 'EFH, TI=NE$.
LEGW0, 'EIPON, "OTI4 "EI$ MEN "OUTO$ "ON "HMEI$ DIELHLUQAMEN
POLITEIA$ 'EIH 'AN4 TROPO$, 'EPONOMASQEIH D' 'AN4 KAI DICHI;
'EGGENOMENOU MEN-GAR 'ANDRO$ "ENO$ 'EN TOI$ 'ARCOUSI4 DIAFERONTO$
BASILEIA 'AN4 KLHQEIH, PLEIONWN DE 'ARISTOKRATIA.
'ALHQH, 'EFH.
TOUTO MEN-TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "EN 'EIDO$ LEGW0; 'OUTE-GAR 'AN4
<P 445E>
PLEIOU$ 'OUTE "EI$ 'EGGENOMENOI KINHSEIEN 'AN4 TWN 'AXIWN LOGOU
NOMWN TH$ POLEW$, TROFHI TE-KAI PAIDEIA\ CRHSAMENO$ "HI
DIHLQOMEN.
'OU-GAR 'EIKO$, 'EFH.


<B REP5>


<P 449A>
'AGAQHN MEN-TOINUN THN TOIAUTHN POLIN TE-KAI POLITEIAN
KAI 'ORQHN KALW0, KAI 'ANDRA TON TOIOUTON; KAKA$ DE TA$ 'ALLA$
KAI "HMARTHMENA$, 'EIPER "AU=TH 'ORQH, PERI= TE POLEWN DIOIKHSEI$
KAI PERI= 'IDIWTWN YUCH$ TROPOU KATASKEUHN, 'EN TETTARSI
PONHRIA$ 'EIDESIN 'OUSA$.
POI=A$ DH TAUTA$: 'EFH.
KAI 'EGW MEN 'HIA TA$ 'EFEXH$ 'ERWN2, "W$ MOI 'EFAINONTO
<P 449B>
"EKASTAI 'EX 'ALLHLWN METABAINEIN; "O DE POLEMARCO$ %
SMIKRON GAR 'APWTERW TOU* 'ADEIMANTOU KAQHSTO % 'EKTEINA$
THN CEIRA KAI LABOMENO$ TOU* "IMATIOU 'ANWQEN 'AUTOU4 PARA
TON 'WMON, 'EKEINON TE PROSHGAGETO KAI PROTEINA$ "EAUTON
'ELEGEN 'ATTA PROSKEKUFW$, "WN 'ALLO MEN 'OUDEN KATHKOUSAMEN,
TODE DE; 'AFHSOMEN 'OUN, 'EFH, 'H= TI= DRASOMEN:
"HKISTA GE, 'EFH "O 'ADEIMANTO$ MEGA 'HDH LEGWN.
KAI 'EGW, TI= MALISTA, 'EFHN, "UMEI$ 'OUK 'AFIETE0:
SE, 'H*-D'-"O$.
<P 449C>
"OTI4, 'EGW 'EIPON, TI= MALISTA:
'APORRA\QUMEIN "HMIN DOKEI$, 'EFH, KAI 'EIDO$ "OLON 'OU TO
'ELACISTON 'EKKLEPTEIN TOU* LOGOU "INA MH DIELQHI$, KAI LHSEIN
'OIHQHNAI 'EIPWN 'AUTO FAULW$, "W$ 'A=RA PERI= GUNAIKWN TE-KAI
PAIDWN PANTI DHLON "OTI4 KOINA TA FILWN 'ESTAI.
'OUKOU*N 'ORQW$, 'EFHN, 'W* 'ADEIMANTE:
NAI, 'H*-D'-"O$. 'ALLA= TO 'ORQW$ TOUTO, "WSPER 'TALLA, LOGOU
DEITAI TI=$ "O TROPO$ TH$ KOINWNIA$; POLLOI GAR 'AN4 GENOINTO.
<P 449D>
MH-'OUN PARHI$ "ONTINA SU LEGEI$; "W$ "HMEI$ PALAI PERIMENOMEN
'OIOMENOI SE POU MNHSQHSESQAI PAIDOPOIIA$ TE PE=RI, PW*$
PAIDOPOIHSONTAI, KAI GENOMENOU$ PW*$ QREYOUSIN2, KAI "OLHN
TAUTHN "HN LEGEI$ KOINWNIAN GUNAIKWN TE-KAI PAIDWN; MEGA
GAR TI 'OIOMEQA FEREIN KAI "OLON 'EI$ POLITEIAN 'ORQW$ 'H= MH
'ORQW$ GIGNOMENON. NU*N 'OUN, 'EPEIDH 'ALLH$ 'EPILAMBANHI0
POLITEIA$ PRIN TAUTA "IKANW$ DIELESQAI, DEDOKTAI "HMIN TOUTO


<P 450A>
"O= SU 'HKOUSA$, TO SE MH MEQIENAI PRIN 'AN4 TAUTA PANTA "WSPER
'TALLA DIELQHI$.
KAI 'EME TOINUN, "O GLAUKWN 'EFH, KOINWNON TH$ YHFOU
TAUTH$ TIQETE3.
'AMELEI, 'EFH "O QRASUMACO$, PASI TAUTA DEDOGMENA "HMIN
NOMIZE, 'W* SWKRATE$.
"OION, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EIRGASASQE 'EPILABOMENOI MOU. "OSON
LOGON PALIN, "WSPER 'EX 'ARCH$, KINEITE0 PERI= TH$ POLITEIA$;
"HN "W$ 'HDH DIELHLUQW$ 'EGWGE 'ECAIRON, 'AGAPWN 'EI TI$ 'EASOI
TAUTA 'APODEXAMENO$ "W$ TO=TE 'ERRHQH. "A NU*N "UMEI$ PARAKALOUNTE$0
<P 450B>
'OUK 'ISTE0 "OSON "ESMON LOGWN 'EPEGEIRETE0; "ON "ORWN
'EGW PARHKA TO=TE, MH PARASCOI POLUN 'OCLON.
TI= DE: 'H*-D'-"O$ "O QRASUMACO$; CRUSOCOHSONTA$ 'OIEI
TOUSDE NU*N 'ENQADE 'AFICQAI, 'ALL' 'OU LOGWN 'AKOUSOMENOU$:
NAI, 'EIPON, METRIWN GE.
METRON DE-G', 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, "O GLAUKWN, TOIOUTWN
LOGWN 'AKOUEIN "OLO$ "O BIO$ NOUN 'ECOUSIN4. 'ALLA= TO MEN
"HMETERON 'EA2; SU DE PERI= "WN 'ERWTWMEN0 MHDAMW$ 'APOKAMHI$ "HI
<P 450C>
SOI4 DOKEI0 DIEXIWN, TI=$ "H KOINWNIA TOI$ FULAXIN "HMIN PAIDWN
TE PE=RI KAI GUNAIKWN 'ESTAI KAI TROFH$ NEWN 'ETI 'ONTWN0, TH$
'EN TW*I METAXU CRONWI GIGNOMENH$ GENESEW$ TE-KAI PAIDEIA$,
"H= DH 'EPIPONWTATH DOKEI0 'EINAI. PEIRW5 'OUN 'EIPEIN TI=NA
TROPON DEI GIGNESQAI 'AUTHN.
'OU "RA\DION, 'W* 'EUDAIMON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DIELQEIN; POLLA$ GAR
'APISTIA$ 'ECEI0 'ETI MALLON TWN 'EMPROSQEN "WN DIHLQOMEN.
KAI-GAR "W$ DUNATA LEGETAI, 'APISTOIT' 'AN4, KAI 'EI "OTI2 MALISTA
GENOITO, "W$ 'ARIST' 'AN4 'EIH TAUTA, KAI TAUTHI 'APISTHSETAI.
<P 450D>
DIO DH-KAI 'OKNO$ TI$ 'AUTWN "APTESQAI, MH 'EUCH DOKHI5 'EINAI "O
LOGO$, 'W* FILE "ETAIRE.
MHDEN, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'OKNEI5; 'OUTE-GAR 'AGNWMONE$ 'OUTE 'APISTOI
'OUTE DUSNOI "OI 'AKOUSOMENOI.
KAI 'EGW 'EIPON; 'W* 'ARISTE, 'H*-POU BOULOMENO$ ME PARAQARRUNEIN
LEGEI$:
'EGWG', 'EFH.
PAN TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'TOUNANTION POIEI$. PISTEUONTO$
MEN-GAR 'EMOU4 'EMOI4 'EIDENAI "A LEGW0, KALW$ 'EICEN "H PARAMUQIA;
'EN GAR FRONIMOI$ TE-KAI FILOI$ PERI= TWN MEGISTWN TE-KAI
<P 450E>
FILWN 'TALHQH 'EIDOTA LEGEIN 'ASFALE$ KAI QARRALEON, 'APISTOUNTA
DE-KAI ZHTOUNTA "AMA TOU$ LOGOU$ POIEISQAI, "O= DH


<P 451A>
'EGW DRW0, FOBERON TE-KAI SFALERON, 'OU TI GELWTA 'OFLEIN %
PAIDIKON GAR TOUTO GE % 'ALLA= MH SFALEI=$ TH$ 'ALHQEIA$ 'OU
MONON 'AUTO$ 'ALLA=-KAI TOU$ FILOU$ SUNEPISPASAMENO$ KEISOMAI
PERI= "A "HKISTA DEI SFALLESQAI. PROSKUNW0 DE 'ADRASTEIAN,
'W* GLAUKWN, CARIN "OU2 MELLW0 LEGEIN; 'ELPIZW0 GAR-'OUN
'ELATTON "AMARTHMA 'AKOUSIW$ TINO$ FONEA GENESQAI 'H=
'APATEWNA KALWN TE-KAI 'AGAQWN KAI DIKAIWN NOMIMWN PE=RI.
TOUTO 'OUN TO KINDUNEUMA KINDUNEUEIN 'EN 'ECQROI$ KREITTON 'H=
<P 451B>
FILOI$, "WSTE 'EU ME PARAMUQHI0.
KAI "O GLAUKWN GELASA$, 'ALL', 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EFH, 'EA=N TI
PAQWMEN PLHMMELE$ "UPO TOU* LOGOU, 'AFIEMEN SE "WSPER
FONOU KAI KAQARON 'EINAI KAI MH 'APATEWNA "HMWN. 'ALLA=
QARRHSA$ LEGE.
'ALLA=-MENTOI, 'EIPON, KAQARO$ GE-KAI 'EKEI "O 'AFEQEI$, "W$
"O NOMO$ LEGEI0; 'EIKO$ DE-GE, 'EIPER 'EKEI, 'KANQADE.
LEGE TOINUN, 'EFH, TOUTOU G' "ENEKA.
LEGEIN DH, 'EFHN 'EGW, CRH 'ANAPALIN 'AU NU*N, "A TO=TE 'ISW$
<P 451C>
'EDEI 'EFEXH$ LEGEIN; TACA DE "OUTW$ 'AN4 'ORQW$ 'ECOI, META
'ANDREION DRAMA PANTELW$ DIAPERANQEN TO GUNAIKEION 'AU
PERAINEIN, 'ALLW$ TE KAI 'EPEIDH SU "OUTW PROKALHI0.
'ANQRWPOI$ GAR FUSI KAI PAIDEUQEISIN "W$ "HMEI$ DIHLQOMEN,
KAT' 'EMHN DOXAN 'OUK 'EST' 'ALLH 'ORQH PAIDWN TE-KAI
GUNAIKWN KTHSI$ TE-KAI CREIA 'H= KAT' 'EKEINHN THN "ORMHN
'IOUSIN, "HNPER TO PRWTON "WRMHSAMEN; 'EPECEIRHSAMEN DE-POU
"W$ 'AGELH$ FULAKA$ TOU$ 'ANDRA$ KAQISTANAI TW*I LOGWI.
NAI.
<P 451D>
'AKOLOUQWMEN TOINUN-KAI THN GENESIN KAI TROFHN PARAPLHSIAN
'APODIDONTE$, KAI SKOPWMEN 'EI "HMIN PREPEI0 'H= 'OU=.
PW*$: 'EFH.
"WDE. TA$ QHLEIA$ TWN FULAKWN KUNWN PO=TERA SUMFULATTEIN
'OIOMEQA DEIN "APER 'AN4 "OI 'ARRENE$ FULATTWSI KAI
SUNQHREUEIN KAI 'TALLA KOINHI PRATTEIN, 'H= TA$ MEN 'OIKOUREIN
'ENDON "W$ 'ADUNATOU$ DIA= TON TWN SKULAKWN TOKON TE-KAI
TROFHN, TOU$ DE PONEIN TE-KAI PASAN 'EPIMELEIAN 'ECEIN PERI=
TA POIMNIA:
<P 451E>
KOINHI, 'EFH, PANTA; PLHN "W$ 'ASQENESTERAI$ CRWMEQA0,
TOI$ DE "W$ 'ISCUROTEROI$.
"OION-T' 'OUN, 'EFHN 'EGW, 'EPI TA 'AUTA CRHSQAI TINI ZWIWI, 'AN2
MH THN 'AUTHN TROFHN TE-KAI PAIDEIAN 'APODIDWI$:
'OUC "OION-TE.
'EI 'A=RA TAI$ GUNAIXIN 'EPI 'TAUTA CRHSOMEQA KAI TOI$
'ANDRASI, 'TAUTA KAI DIDAKTEON 'AUTA$.


<P 452A>
NAI.
MOUSIKH MHN 'EKEINOI$ GE-KAI GUMNASTIKH 'EDOQH.
NAI.
KAI TAI$ GUNAIXIN 'A=RA TOUTW TW TECNA KAI TA PERI= TON
POLEMON 'APODOTEON KAI CRHSTEON KATA 'TAUTA.
'EIKO$ 'EX "WN LEGEI$, 'EFH.
'ISW$ DH, 'EIPON, PARA TO 'EQO$ GELOI*A 'AN4 FAINOITO POLLA
PERI= TA NU*N LEGOMENA, 'EI PRAXETAI "HI LEGETAI.
KAI MALA, 'EFH.
TI=, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, GELOIOTATON 'AUTWN "ORA*I$0: 'H= DHLA DH "OTI4
GUMNA$ TA$ GUNAIKA$ 'EN TAI$ PALAISTRAI$ GUMNAZOMENA$ META
<P 452B>
TWN 'ANDRWN, 'OU MONON TA$ NEA$, 'ALLA=-KAI 'HDH TA$ PRESBUTERA$,
"WSPER TOU$ GERONTA$ 'EN TOI$ GUMNASIOI$, "OTAN "RUSOI
KAI MH "HDEI$ THN 'OYIN "OMW$ FILOGUMNASTWSIN:
NH TON DI=A, 'EFH; GELOION GAR 'AN4, "W$ GE 'EN TW*I PARESTWTI,
FANEIH.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EPEIPER "WRMHSAMEN LEGEIN, 'OU FOBHTEON
TA TWN CARIENTWN SKWMMATA, "OSA KAI "OI*A 'AN4 'EIPOIEN
'EI$ THN TOIAUTHN METABOLHN GENOMENHN KAI PERI= TA GUMNA=SIA
<P 452C>
KAI PERI= MOUSIKHN KAI 'OUK 'ELACISTA PERI= THN TWN "OPLWN
SCESIN KAI "IPPWN 'OCHSEI$.
'ORQW$, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
'ALL' 'EPEIPER LEGEIN 'HRXAMEQA, POREUTEON PRO$ TO TRACU
TOU* NOMOU, DEHQEISIN TE TOUTWN MH TA "AUTWN PRATTEIN 'ALLA=
SPOUDAZEIN, KAI "UPOMNHSASIN "OTI4 'OU POLU$ CRONO$ 'EX "OU TOI$
"ELLHSIN 'EDOKEI 'AISCRA 'EINAI KAI GELOI*A "APER NU*N TOI$ POLLOI$
TWN BARBARWN, GUMNOU$ 'ANDRA$ "ORASQAI, KAI "OTE 'HRCONTO
TWN GUMNASIWN PRWTOI MEN KRHTE$, 'EPEITA LAKEDAIMONIOI,
<P 452D>
'EXHN TOI$ TO=TE 'ASTEIOI$ PANTA TAUTA KWMWIDEIN. 'H= 'OUK 'OIEI:
'EGWGE.
'ALL' 'EPEIDH 'OIMAI CRWMENOI$ 'AMEINON TO 'APODUESQAI TOU*
SUGKALUPTEIN PANTA TA TOIAUTA 'EFANH, KAI TO 'EN TOI$ 'OFQALMOI$
DH GELOION 'EXERRUH "UPO TOU* 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$ MHNUQENTO$
'ARISTOU; KAI TOUTO 'ENEDEIXATO, "OTI4 MATAIO$ "O$ GELOION 'ALLO
TI "HGEITAI 'H= TO KAKON, KAI "O GELWTOPOIEIN 'EPICEIRWN PRO$
'ALLHN TINA 'OYIN 'APOBLEPWN "W$ GELOIOU 'H= THN TOU* 'AFRONO$
<P 452E>
TE-KAI KAKOU, KAI KALOU 'AU SPOUDAZEI0 PRO$ 'ALLON TINA
SKOPON STHSAMENO$ 'H= TON TOU* 'AGAQOU.
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
'A*R'-'OUN 'OU PRWTON MEN TOUTO PERI= 'AUTWN 'ANOMOLOGHTEON,
'EI DUNATA 'H= 'OU=, KAI DOTEON 'AMFISBHTHSIN 'EI=TE TI$ FILOPAISMWN
'EI=TE SPOUDASTIKO$ 'EQELEI0 'AMFISBHTHSAI0, POTERON


<P 453A>
DUNATH FUSI$ "H 'ANQRWPINH "H QHLEIA THI TOU* 'ARRENO$ GENOU$
KOINWNHSAI0 'EI$ "APANTA TA 'ERGA 'H= 'OUD' 'EI$ "EN, 'H= 'EI$ TA MEN
"OI=A-TE, 'EI$ DE TA 'OU=, KAI TOUTO DH TO PERI= TON POLEMON
POTERWN 'ESTIN: 'A*R' 'OUC "OUTW$ 'AN4 KALLISTA TI$ 'ARCOMENO$
"W$ TO 'EIKO$ KAI KALLISTA TELEUTHSEIEN:
POLU GE, 'EFH.
BOULEI 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "HMEI$ PRO$ "HMA$-'AUTOU$ "UPER TWN
'ALLWN 'AMFISBHTHSWMEN, "INA MH 'ERHMA TA TOU* "ETEROU LOGOU
POLIORKHTAI:
<P 453B>
'OUDEN, 'EFH, KWLUEI0.
LEGWMEN DH "UPER 'AUTWN "OTI4 'W* SWKRATE$ TE-KAI
GLAUKWN, 'OUDEN DEI "UMIN 'ALLOU$ 'AMFISBHTEIN; 'AUTOI GAR
'EN 'ARCHI TH$ KATOIKISEW$, "HN 'WIKIZETE POLIN, "WMOLOGEITE
DEIN KATA FUSIN "EKASTON "ENA "EN TO "AUTOU PRATTEIN.
"WMOLOGHSAMEN 'OIMAI; PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
'ESTIN 'OUN "OPW$ 'OU PAMPOLU DIAFEREI0 GUNH 'ANDRO$ THN
FUSIN:
PW*$ D' 'OU DIAFEREI0:
'OUKOU*N 'ALLO KAI 'ERGON "EKATERWI PROSHKEI0 PROSTATTEIN
<P 453C>
TO KATA THN "AUTOU FUSIN:
TI= MHN:
PW*$ 'OUN 'OUC "AMARTANETE0 NUNI KAI 'TANANTIA "UMIN-'AUTOI$
LEGETE0 FASKONTE$ 'AU TOU$ 'ANDRA$ KAI TA$ GUNAIKA$ DEIN TA
'AUTA PRATTEIN, PLEISTON KECWRISMENHN FUSIN 'ECONTA$:
"EXEI$ TI, 'W* QAUMASIE, PRO$ TAUT' 'APOLOGEISQAI:
"W$ MEN 'EXAIFNH$, 'EFH, 'OU PANU "RA\DION; 'ALLA= SOU4 DEHSOMAI
TE-KAI DEOMAI KAI TON "UPER "HMWN LOGON, "OSTI$ POT' 'ESTIN,
"ERMHNEUSAI0.
TAUT' 'ESTIN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* GLAUKWN, KAI 'A=LLA POLLA
<P 453D>
TOIAUTA, "A 'EGW PALAI PROORWN 'EFOBOUMHN TE-KAI 'WKNOUN
"APTESQAI TOU* NOMOU TOU* PERI= THN TWN GUNAIKWN KAI PAIDWN
KTHSIN KAI TROFHN.
'OU MA TON DI=A, 'EFH; 'OU-GAR 'EUKOLWI 'EOIKEN0.
'OU-GAR 'EIPON. 'ALLA=-DH "WD' 'ECEI0; 'ANTE TI$ 'EI$ KOLUMBHQRAN
MIKRAN 'EMPESHI6 'ANTE 'EI$ TO MEGISTON PELAGO$ MESON,
"OMW$ GE NEI0 'OUDEN "HTTON.
PANU MEN-'OUN.
'OUKOU*N-KAI "HMIN NEUSTEON KAI PEIRATEON SWIZESQAI 'EK TOU*
LOGOU, 'HTOI DELFINA TINA 'ELPIZONTA$ "HMA$ "UPOLABEIN 'AN4 'H=
TINA 'ALLHN 'APORON SWTHRIAN.
<P 453E>
'EOIKEN0, 'EFH.
FERE DH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EA=N PHI "EURWMEN THN 'EXODON. "OMOLOGOUMEN
GAR-DH 'ALLHN FUSIN 'ALLO DEIN 'EPITHDEUEIN, GUNAIKO$
DE-KAI 'ANDRO$ 'ALLHN 'EINAI; TA$ DE 'ALLA$ FUSEI$ TA 'AUTA
FAMEN NU*N DEIN 'EPITHDEUSAI0. TAUTA "HMWN KATHGOREITAI:
KOMIDHI GE.


<P 454A>
'H* GENNAI=A, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* GLAUKWN, "H DUNAMI$ TH$ 'ANTILOGIKH$
TECNH$.
TI= DH:
"OTI4, 'EIPON, DOKOUSI0 MOI 'EI$ 'AUTHN KAI 'AKONTE$ POLLOI
'EMPIPTEIN KAI 'OIESQAI 'OUK 'ERIZEIN 'ALLA= DIALEGESQAI, DIA=
TO MH DUNASQAI KAT' 'EIDH DIAIROUMENOI TO LEGOMENON 'EPISKOPEIN,
'ALLA= KAT' 'AUTO TO 'ONOMA DIWKEIN TOU* LECQENTO$
THN 'ENANTIWSIN, 'ERIDI, 'OU DIALEKTWI PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$
CRWMENOI.
'ESTI GAR-DH, 'EFH, PERI= POLLOU$ TOUTO TO PAQO$; 'ALLA=-MWN-KAI
PRO$ "HMA$ TOUTO TEINEI0 'EN TW*I PARONTI:
<P 454B>
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; KINDUNEUOMEN GOUN 'AKONTE$
'ANTILOGIA$ "APTESQAI.
PW*$:
TO MH7 THN 'AUTHN FUSIN "OTI4 'OU TWN 'AUTWN DEI 'EPITHDEUMATWN
TUGCANEIN PANU 'ANDREIW$ TE-KAI 'ERISTIKW$ KATA TO
'ONOMA DIWKOMEN, 'EPESKEYAMEQA DE-'OUD' "OPHIOUN TI= 'EIDO$
TO TH$ "ETERA$ TE-KAI TH$ 'AUTH$ FUSEW$ KAI PRO$ TI= TEINON
"WRIZOMEQA TO=TE, "OTE TA 'EPITHDEUMATA 'ALLHI FUSEI 'A=LLA, THI
DE 'AUTHI TA 'AUTA 'APEDIDOMEN.
'OU-GAR-'OUN, 'EFH, 'EPESKEYAMEQA.
<P 454C>
TOIGARTOI, 'EIPON, 'EXESTIN "HMIN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'ANERWTAN "HMA$-'AUTOU$
'EI "H 'AUTH FUSI$ FALAKRWN KAI KOMHTWN KAI 'OUC
"H 'ENANTIA, KAI 'EPEIDAN "OMOLOGWMEN 'ENANTIAN 'EINAI, 'EA=N
FALAKROI SKUTOTOMWSIN, MH 'EA*N KOMHTA$, 'EA=N D' 'AU KOMHTAI,
MH TOU$ "ETEROU$.
GELOION 'MENTAN4 'EIH, 'EFH.
'A*RA KAT' 'ALLO TI, 'EIPON 'EGW, GELOION, 'H= "OTI4 TO=TE 'OU
PANTW$ THN 'AUTHN KAI THN "ETERAN FUSIN 'ETIQEMEQA, 'ALL'
'EKEINO TO 'EIDO$ TH$ 'ALLOIWSEW$ TE-KAI "OMOIWSEW$ MONON
<P 454D>
'EFULATTOMEN TO PRO$ 'AUTA TEINON TA 'EPITHDEUMATA: "OION
'IATRIKON MEN-KAI 'IATRIKHN THN YUCHN 'ONTA8 THN 'AUTHN FUSIN
'ECEIN 'ELEGOMEN; 'H= 'OUK 'OIEI:
'EGWGE.
'IATRIKON DE-GE-KAI TEKTONIKON 'ALLHN:
PANTW$ POU.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI TO TWN 'ANDRWN KAI TO TWN GUNAIKWN
GENO$, 'EA=N MEN PRO$ TECNHN TINA 'H= 'ALLO 'EPITHDEUMA DIAFERON
FAINHTAI, TOUTO DH FHSOMEN "EKATERWI DEIN 'APODIDONAI; 'EA=N
D' 'AUTWI TOUTWI FAINHTAI DIAFEREIN, TW*I TO MEN QHLU TIKTEIN,
<P 454E>
TO DE 'ARREN 'OCEUEIN, 'OUDEN TI PW FHSOMEN MALLON 'APODEDEICQAI
"W$ PRO$ "O= "HMEI$ LEGOMEN DIAFEREI0 GUNH 'ANDRO$, 'ALL'
'ETI 'OIHSOMEQA DEIN TA 'AUTA 'EPITHDEUEIN TOU$ TE FULAKA$ "HMIN
KAI TA$ GUNAIKA$ 'AUTWN.
KAI 'ORQW$ G', 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N META TOUTO KELEUOMEN TON TA 'ENANTIA LEGONTA


<P 455A>
TOUTO 'AUTO DIDASKEIN "HMA$, PRO$ TI=NA TECNHN 'H= TI= 'EPITHDEUMA
TWN PERI= POLEW$ KATASKEUHN 'OUC "H 'AUTH 'ALLA= "ETE=RA FUSI$
GUNAIKO$ TE-KAI 'ANDRO$:
DIKAION GOUN.
TACA TOINUN 'AN4, "OPER SU 'OLIGON PROTERON 'ELEGE$, 'EIPOI
'AN4 KAI 'ALLO$, "OTI4 'EN MEN TW*I PARACRHMA "IKANW$ 'EIPEIN 'OU
"RA\DION, 'EPISKEYAMENWI DE 'OUDEN CALEPON.
'EIPOI GAR 'AN4.
BOULEI 'OUN DEWMEQA TOU* TA TOIAUTA 'ANTILEGONTO$ 'AKOLOUQHSAI0
<P 455B>
"HMIN, 'EA=N PW$ "HMEI$ 'EKEINWI 'ENDEIXWMEQA "OTI4 'OUDEN 'ESTIN
'EPITHDEUMA 'IDION GUNAIKI PRO$ DIOIKHSIN POLEW$:
PANU GE.
'IQI DH, FHSOMEN PRO$ 'AUTON, 'APOKRINOU; 'A*RA "OUTW$
'ELEGE$ TON MEN 'EUFUH PRO$ TI 'EINAI, TON DE 'AFUH, 'EN "WI "O
MEN "RA\DIW$ TI MANQANOI, "O DE CALEPW$: KAI "O MEN 'APO
BRACEIA$ MAQHSEW$ 'EPI POLU "EURETIKO$ 'EIH "OU2 'EMAQEN, "O DE
POLLH$ MAQHSEW$ TUCWN KAI MELETH$ MHD' "A 'EMAQE SWIZOITO:
KAI TW*I MEN TA TOU* SWMATO$ "IKANW$ "UPHRETOI THI DIANOIA\, TW*I
<P 455C>
DE 'ENANTIOITO: 'A*R' 'A=LLA 'ATTA 'ESTIN 'H= TAUTA, "OI$ TON 'EUFUH
PRO$ "EKASTA KAI TON MH "WRIZOU:
'OUDEI$, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'A=LLA FHSEI2.
'OISQA TI 'OUN "UPO 'ANQRWPWN MELETWMENON, 'EN "WI 'OU PANTA
TAUTA TO TWN 'ANDRWN GENO$ DIAFERONTW$ 'ECEI0 'H= TO TWN
GUNAIKWN: 'H= MAKROLOGWMEN THN TE "UFANTIKHN LEGONTE$ KAI
THN TWN POPANWN TE-KAI "EYHMATWN QERAPEIAN, 'EN "OI$ DH TI
DOKEI0 TO GUNAIKEION GENO$ 'EINAI, "OU4 KAI KATAGELASTOTATON
<P 455D>
'ESTI PANTWN "HTTWMENON:
'ALHQH, 'EFH, LEGEI$, "OTI4 POLU KRATEITAI 'EN "APASIN "W$
'EPO$ 'EIPEIN TO GENO$ TOU* GENOU$. GUNAIKE$ MENTOI POLLAI
POLLWN 'ANDRWN BELTIOU$ 'EI$ POLLA; TO DE "OLON 'ECEI0 "W$ SU
LEGEI$.
'OUDEN 'A=RA 'ESTIN, 'W* FILE, 'EPITHDEUMA TWN POLIN DIOIKOUNTWN0
GUNAIKO$ DIOTI GUNH, 'OUD' 'ANDRO$ DIOTI 'ANHR,
'ALL' "OMOIW$ DIESPARMENAI "AI FUSEI$ 'EN 'AMFOIN TOIN
ZWIOIN, KAI PANTWN MEN METECEI0 GUNH 'EPITHDEUMATWN KATA
<P 455E>
FUSIN, PANTWN DE 'ANHR, 'EPI PASI DE 'ASQENESTERON GUNH
'ANDRO$.
PANU GE.
'H*-'OUN 'ANDRASI PANTA PROSTAXOMEN, GUNAIKI D' 'OUDEN:
KAI PW*$:
'ALL' 'ESTI GAR 'OIMAI, "W$ FHSOMEN, KAI GUNH 'IATRIKH, "H D'
'OU=, KAI MOUSIKH, "H D' 'AMOUSO$ FUSEI.
TI= MHN:


<P 456A>
KAI8 GUMNASTIKH D'-'A=RA 'OU=, 'OUDE POLEMIKH, "H DE 'APOLEMO$
KAI 'OU FILOGUMNASTIKH:
'OIMAI 'EGWGE.
TI= DE: FILOSOFO$ TE-KAI MISOSOFO$: KAI QUMOEIDH$, "H D'
'AQUMO$ 'ESTI:
KAI TAUTA.
'ESTIN 'A=RA-KAI FULAKIKH GUNH, "H D' 'OU=. 'H= 'OU TOIAUTHN
KAI TWN 'ANDRWN TWN FULAKIKWN FUSIN 'EXELEXAMEQA:
TOIAUTHN MEN-'OUN.
KAI GUNAIKO$ 'A=RA-KAI 'ANDRO$ "H 'AUTH FUSI$ 'EI$ FULAKHN
POLEW$, PLHN "OSA 'ASQENESTE=RA, "H DE 'ISCUROTE=RA 'ESTIN.
FAINETAI.
<P 456B>
KAI GUNAIKE$ 'A=RA "AI TOIAUTAI TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ 'ANDRASIN
'EKLEKTEAI SUNOIKEIN TE-KAI SUMFULATTEIN, 'EPEIPER 'EISIN "IKANAI
KAI SUGGENEI$ 'AUTOI$ THN FUSIN.
PANU GE.
TA D' 'EPITHDEUMATA 'OU TA 'AUTA 'APODOTEA TAI$ 'AUTAI$
FUSESIN:
TA 'AUTA.
"HKOMEN 'A=RA 'EI$ TA PRO=TERA PERIFEROMENOI, KAI "OMOLOGOUMEN
MH PARA FUSIN 'EINAI TAI$ TWN FULAKWN GUNAIXI
MOUSIKHN TE-KAI GUMNASTIKHN 'APODIDONAI.
PANTAPASIN MEN-'OUN.
'OUK-'A=RA 'ADUNATA GE-'OUDE 'EUCAI$ "O=MOIA 'ENOMOQETOUMEN,
<P 456C>
'EPEIPER KATA FUSIN 'ETIQEMEN TON NOMON; 'ALLA= TA NU*N PARA
TAUTA GIGNOMENA PARA FUSIN MALLON, "W$ 'EOIKE0, GIGNETAI.
'EOIKEN0.
'OUKOU*N "H 'EPISKEYI$ "HMIN 'H*N 'EI DUNATA GE-KAI BELTISTA
LEGOIMEN:
'H*N GAR.
KAI "OTI4 MEN-DH DUNATA, DIWMOLOGHTAI:
NAI.
"OTI4 DE-DH BELTISTA, TO META TOUTO DEI DIOMOLOGHQHNAI:
DHLON.
'OUKOU*N PRO$ GE TO FULAKIKHN GUNAIKA GENESQAI, 'OUK 'ALLH
MEN "HMIN 'ANDRA$ POIHSEI2 PAIDEIA, 'ALLH DE GUNAIKA$, 'ALLW$
<P 456D>
TE KAI THN 'AUTHN FUSIN PARALABOUSA:
'OUK 'ALLH.
PW*$ 'OUN 'ECEI$ DOXH$ TOU* TOIOUDE PE=RI:
TI=NO$ DH:
TOU* "UPOLAMBANEIN PARA SEAUTWI TON MEN 'AMEINW 'ANDRA,
TON DE CEIRW; 'H= PANTA$ "OMOIOU$ "HGHI0:
'OUDAMW$.
'EN 'OUN THI POLEI "HN 'WIKIZOMEN, POTERON 'OIEI "HMIN 'AMEINOU$
'ANDRA$ 'EXEIRGASQAI TOU$ FULAKA$, TUCONTA$ "H$ DIHLQOMEN
PAIDEIA$, 'H= TOU$ SKUTOTOMOU$, THI SKUTIKHI PAIDEUQENTA$:
GELOION, 'EFH, 'ERWTA*I$0.
MANQANW0, 'EFHN. TI= DE: TWN 'ALLWN POLITWN 'OUC "OUTOI
<P 456E>
'ARISTOI:
POLU GE.
TI= DE: "AI GUNAIKE$ TWN GUNAIKWN 'OUC "AUTAI 'ESONTAI
BELTISTAI:
KAI TOUTO, 'EFH, POLU.
'ESTI DE TI POLEI 'AMEINON 'H= GUNAIKA$ TE-KAI 'ANDRA$ "W$
'ARISTOU$ 'EGGIGNESQAI:
'OUK 'ESTIN.
TOUTO DE MOUSIKH TE-KAI GUMNASTIKH PARAGIGNOMENAI, "W$


<P 457A>
"HMEI$ DIHLQOMEN, 'APERGASONTAI:
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
'OU MONON 'A=RA DUNATON 'ALLA=-KAI 'ARISTON POLEI NOMIMON
'ETIQEMEN.
"OUTW$.
'APODUTEON DH TAI$ TWN FULAKWN GUNAIXIN, 'EPEIPER 'ARETHN
'ANTI "IMATIWN 'AMFIESONTAI, KAI KOINWNHTEON POLEMOU TE-KAI
TH$ 'ALLH$ FULAKH$ TH$ PERI= THN POLIN, KAI 'OUK 'A=LLA
PRAKTEON; TOUTWN D' 'AUTWN TA 'ELAFRO=TERA TAI$ GUNAIXIN
'H= TOI$ 'ANDRASI DOTEON DIA= THN TOU* GENOU$ 'ASQENEIAN. "O
<P 457B>
DE GELWN 'ANHR 'EPI GUMNAI$ GUNAIXI, TOU* BELTISTOU "ENEKA
GUMNAZOMENAI$, 'ATELH9 TOU* GELOIOU SOFIA$9 DREPWN9 KARPON9,
'OUDEN 'OIDEN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'EF' "WI GELA*I0 'OUD' "OTI2 PRATTEI0;
KALLISTA GAR-DH TOUTO KAI LEGETAI KAI LELEXETAI, "OTI4 TO MEN
'WFELIMON KALON, TO DE BLABERON 'AISCRON.
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
TOUTO MEN-TOINUN "EN "WSPER KUMA FWMEN DIAFEUGEIN TOU*
GUNAIKEIOU PE=RI NOMOU LEGONTE$, "WSTE MH PANTAPASI KATAKLUSQHNAI
TIQENTA$ "W$ DEI KOINHI PANTA 'EPITHDEUEIN TOU$ TE
<P 457C>
FULAKA$ "HMIN KAI TA$ FULAKIDA$, 'ALLA= PHI TON LOGON 'AUTON
"AUTWI "OMOLOGEISQAI "W$ DUNATA TE-KAI 'WFELIMA LEGEI0:
KAI MALA, 'EFH, 'OU SMIKRON KUMA DIAFEUGEI$.
FHSEI$ GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OU MEGA 'AUTO 'EINAI, "OTAN TO META
TOUTO 'IDHI$.
LEGE DH, 'IDW, 'EFH.
TOUTWI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "EPETAI NOMO$ KAI TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN TOI$
'ALLOI$, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, "ODE.
TI=$:
TA$ GUNAIKA$ TAUTA$ TWN 'ANDRWN TOUTWN PANTWN PASA$
<P 457D>
'EINAI KOINA$, 'IDIA\ DE MHDENI MHDEMIAN SUNOIKEIN; KAI TOU$
PAIDA$ 'AU KOINOU$, KAI-MHTE GONEA 'EKGONON 'EIDENAI TON "AUTOU
MHTE PAIDA GONEA.
POLU, 'EFH, TOUTO 'EKEINOU MEIZON PRO$ 'APISTIAN KAI TOU*
DUNATOU PE=RI KAI TOU* 'WFELIMOU.
'OUK 'OIMAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PERI= GE TOU* 'WFELIMOU 'AMFISBHTEISQAI
'AN4, "W$ 'OU MEGISTON 'AGAQON KOINA$ MEN TA$ GUNAIKA$
'EINAI, KOINOU$ DE TOU$ PAIDA$, 'EIPER "OION-TE; 'ALL' 'OIMAI PERI=
TOU* 'EI DUNATON 'H= MH PLEISTHN 'AN4 'AMFISBHTHSIN GENESQAI.
<P 457E>
PERI= 'AMFOTERWN, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'EU MAL' 'AN4 'AMFISBHTHQEIH.
LEGEI$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, LOGWN SUSTASIN; 'EGW D' 'WIMHN 'EK GE
TOU* "ETEROU 'APODRASESQAI, 'EI SOI4 DOXEIEN 'WFELIMON 'EINAI,
LOIPON DE-DH MOI 'ESESQAI PERI= TOU* DUNATOU KAI MH.
'ALL' 'OUK 'ELAQE$, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'APODIDRASKWN, 'ALL' 'AMFOTERWN
PE=RI DIDOU LOGON.
"UFEKTEON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DIKHN. TOSONDE MENTOI CARISAI


<P 458A>
MOI; 'EASON2 ME "EORTASAI0, "WSPER "OI 'ARGOI THN DIANOIAN 'EIWQASIN
"ESTIASQAI "UF' "EAUTWN, "OTAN MONOI POREUWNTAI. KAI-GAR
"OI TOIOUTOI POU, PRIN 'EXEUREIN TI=NA TROPON 'ESTAI TI "WN
'EPIQUMOUSI0, TOUTO PARENTE$, "INA MH KAMNWSI BOULEUOMENOI
PERI= TOU* DUNATOU KAI MH, QENTE$ "W$ "UPARCON 'EINAI "O= BOULONTAI,
'HDH TA LOIPA DIATATTOUSIN0 KAI CAIROUSIN0 DIEXIONTE$
"OI*A DRASOUSI2 GENOMENOU, 'ARGON KAI 'ALLW$ YUCHN 'ETI
<P 458B>
'ARGOTERAN POIOUNTE$. 'HDH 'OUN-KAI 'AUTO$ MALQAKIZOMAI, KAI
'EKEINA MEN 'EPIQUMW0 'ANABALESQAI KAI "USTERON 'EPISKEYASQAI,
"HI DUNATA, NU*N DE "W$ DUNATWN 'ONTWN0 QEI$ SKEYOMAI, 'AN2 MOI
PARIHI$, PW*$ DIATAXOUSIN2 'AUTA "OI 'ARCONTE$ GIGNOMENA, KAI
"OTI4 PANTWN SUMFORWTAT' 'AN4 'EIH PRACQENTA THI TE POLEI KAI
TOI$ FULAXIN. TAUTA PEIRASOMAI SOI4 PRO=TERA SUNDIASKOPEISQAI,
"U=STERA D' 'EKEINA, 'EIPER PARIEI*$.
'ALLA= PARIHMI, 'EFH, KAI SKOPEI5.
'OIMAI TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EIPER 'ESONTAI "OI 'ARCONTE$ 'AXIOI
<P 458C>
TOUTOU TOU* 'ONOMATO$, "OI TE TOUTOI$ 'EPIKOUROI KATA 'TAUTA,
TOU$ MEN 'EQELHSEIN POIEIN TA 'EPITATTOMENA, TOU$ DE 'EPITAXEIN,
TA MEN 'AUTOU$ PEIQOMENOU$ TOI$ NOMOI$, TA DE-KAI
MIMOUMENOU$, "OSA 'AN4 'EKEINOI$ 'EPITREYWMEN.
'EIKO$, 'EFH.
SU MEN-TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "O NOMOQETH$ 'AUTOI$, "WSPER TOU$
'ANDRA$ 'EXELEXA$, "OUTW KAI TA$ GUNAIKA$ 'EKLEXA$ PARADWSEI$
KAQ' "OSON "OION-TE "OMOFUEI$; "OI DE, "ATE 'OIKIA$ TE-KAI SUSSITIA
KOINA 'ECONTE$, 'IDIA\ DE 'OUDENO$ 'OUDEN TOIOUTON KEKTHMENOU,
<P 458D>
"OMOU DH 'ESONTAI, "OMOU DE 'ANAMEMEIGMENWN KAI 'EN
GUMNASIOI$ KAI 'EN THI 'ALLHI TROFHI "UP' 'ANAGKH$ 'OIMAI TH$
'EMFUTOU 'AXONTAI PRO$ THN 'ALLHLWN MEIXIN. 'H= 'OUK 'ANAGKAI*A
SOI4 DOKW0 LEGEIN:
'OU GEWMETRIKAI$ GE, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'ALL' 'ERWTIKAI$ 'ANAGKAI$, "AI=
KINDUNEUOUSIN0 'EKEINWN DRIMUTERAI 'EINAI PRO$ TO PEIQEIN TE-KAI
"ELKEIN TON POLUN LEWN.
KAI MALA, 'EIPON. 'ALLA= META DH TAUTA, 'W* GLAUKWN,
'ATAKTW$ MEN MEIGNUSQAI 'ALLHLOI$ 'H= 'ALLO "OTIOUN POIEIN 'OUTE
<P 458E>
"OSION 'EN 'EUDAIMONWN POLEI 'OUT' 'EASOUSIN2 "OI 'ARCONTE$.
'OU-GAR DIKAION, 'EFH.
DHLON DH "OTI4 GAMOU$ TO META TOUTO POIHSOMEN "IEROU$ 'EI$
DUNAMIN "OTI2 MALISTA; 'EIEN D' 'AN4 "IEROI "OI 'WFELIMWTATOI.
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.


<P 459A>
PW*$ 'OUN-DH 'WFELIMWTATOI 'ESONTAI: TODE MOI LEGE, 'W*
GLAUKWN; "ORW0 GAR SOU4 'EN THI 'OIKIA\ KAI KUNA$ QHREUTIKOU$
KAI TWN GENNAIWN 'ORNIQWN MALA SUCNOU$; 'A*R'-'OUN, 'W* PRO$
DIO$, PROSESCHKA$ TI TOI$ TOUTWN GAMOI$ TE-KAI
PAIDOPOIIA\:
TO POI*ON: 'EFH.
PRWTON MEN 'AUTWN TOUTWN, KAIPER 'ONTWN0 GENNAIWN, 'A*R'
'OUK 'EISI TINE$ KAI GIGNONTAI 'ARISTOI:
'EISIN.
POTERON 'OUN 'EX "APANTWN "OMOIW$ GENNA*I$0, 'H= PROQUMHI0 "OTI2
MALISTA 'EK TWN 'ARISTWN:
'EK TWN 'ARISTWN:
<P 459B>
TI= D': 'EK TWN NEWTATWN 'H= 'EK TWN GERAITATWN 'H= 'EX
'AKMAZONTWN0 "OTI2 MALISTA:
'EX 'AKMAZONTWN0.
KAI 'AN2 MH "OUTW GENNATAI2, POLU SOI4 "HGHI0 CEIRON 'ESESQAI
TO TE TWN 'ORNIQWN KAI TO TWN KUNWN GENO$:
'EGWG', 'EFH.
TI= DE "IPPWN 'OIEI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI TWN 'ALLWN ZWIWN: 'H*
'ALLHI PHI 'ECEIN:
'ATOPON 'MENTAN4, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'EIH.
BABAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* FILE "ETAIRE, "W$ 'A=RA SFO=DRA "HMIN
DEI 'AKRWN 'EINAI TWN 'ARCONTWN0, 'EIPER KAI PERI= TO TWN
'ANQRWPWN GENO$ "WSAUTW$ 'ECEI0.
<P 459C>
'ALLA=-MEN-DH 'ECEI0, 'EFH; 'ALLA= TI= DH:
"OTI4 'ANAGKH 'AUTOI$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, FARMAKOI$ POLLOI$ CRHSQAI.
'IATRON DE-POU MH DEOMENOI$ MEN SWMASI FARMAKWN,
'ALLA= DIAITHI 'EQELONTWN0 "UPAKOUEIN, KAI FAULOTERON 'EXARKEIN
"HGOUMEQA 'EINAI; "OTAN DE-DH-KAI FARMAKEUEIN DEHI5, 'ISMEN "OTI4
'ANDREIOTEROU DEI TOU* 'IATROU.
'ALHQH; 'ALLA= PRO$ TI= LEGEI$:
PRO$ TODE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; SUCNWI TW*I YEUDEI KAI THI 'APATHI
KINDUNEUEI0 "HMIN DEHSEIN CRHSQAI TOU$ 'ARCONTA$ 'EP' 'WFELIA\
<P 459D>
TWN 'ARCOMENWN. 'EFAMEN DE-POU 'EN FARMAKOU 'EIDEI PANTA
TA TOIAUTA CRHSIMA 'EINAI.
KAI 'ORQW$ GE, 'EFH.
'EN TOI$ GAMOI$ TOINUN-KAI PAIDOPOIIAI$ 'EOIKE0 TO 'ORQON
TOUTO GIGNESQAI 'OUK 'ELACISTON.
PW*$ DH:
DEI MEN, 'EIPON, 'EK TWN "WMOLOGHMENWN TOU$ 'ARISTOU$ TAI$
'ARISTAI$ SUGGIGNESQAI "W$ PLEISTAKI$, TOU$ DE FAULOTATOU$
TAI$ FAULOTATAI$ 'TOUNANTION, KAI TWN MEN TA 'EKGONA TREFEIN,
<P 459E>
TWN DE MH, 'EI MELLEI0 TO POIMNION "OTI2 'AKROTATON 'EINAI, KAI
TAUTA PANTA GIGNOMENA LANQANEIN PLHN 'AUTOU$ TOU$ 'ARCONTA$,
'EI 'AU "H 'AGELH TWN FULAKWN "OTI2 MALISTA 'ASTASIASTO$ 'ESTAI.
'ORQOTATA, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N-DH "EORTAI TINE$ NOMOQETHTEAI 'EN "AI$ SUNAXOMEN
TA$ TE NUMFA$ KAI TOU$ NUMFIOU$ KAI QUSIAI, KAI "UMNOI


<P 460A>
POIHTEOI TOI$ "HMETEROI$ POIHTAI$ PREPONTE$ TOI$ GIGNOMENOI$
GAMOI$; TO DE PLHQO$ TWN GAMWN 'EPI TOI$ 'ARCOUSI4 POIHSOMEN,
"IN' "W$ MALISTA DIASWIZWSI TON 'AUTON 'ARIQMON TWN
'ANDRWN, PRO$ POLEMOU$ TE-KAI NOSOU$ KAI PANTA TA TOIAUTA
'APOSKOPOUNTE$, KAI-MHTE MEGALH "HMIN "H POLI$ KATA TO
DUNATON MHTE SMIKRA GIGNHTAI.
'ORQW$ 'EFH.
KLHROI DH TINE$ 'OIMAI POIHTEOI KOMYOI, "WSTE TON FAULON
'EKEINON 'AITIASQAI 'EF' "EKASTH$ SUNERXEW$ TUCHN 'ALLA= MH
TOU$ 'ARCONTA$.
KAI MALA, 'EFH.
<P 460B>
KAI TOI$ 'AGAQOI$ GE-POU TWN NEWN 'EN POLEMWI 'H= 'ALLOQI
POU GERA DOTEON KAI 'AQLA 'A=LLA TE-KAI 'AFQONESTE=RA "H
'EXOUSIA TH$ TWN GUNAIKWN SUGKOIMHSEW$, "INA KAI "AMA META
PROFASEW$ "W$ PLEISTOI TWN PAIDWN 'EK TWN TOIOUTWN
SPEIRWNTAI.
'ORQW$.
'OUKOU*N-KAI TA 'AEI GIGNOMENA 'EKGONA PARALAMBANOUSAI
"AI 'EPI TOUTWN 'EFESTHKUIAI 'ARCAI 'EI=TE 'ANDRWN 'EI=TE GUNAIKWN
'EI=TE 'AMFO=TERA % KOINAI MEN-GAR-POU-KAI 'ARCAI GUNAIXI TE-KAI
'ANDRASIN %
NAI.
<P 460C>
TA MEN-DH TWN 'AGAQWN, DOKW0, LABOUSAI 'EI$ TON SHKON
'OISOUSIN2 PARA TINA$ TROFOU$ CWRI$ 'OIKOUSA$ 'EN TINI MEREI
TH$ POLEW$; TA DE TWN CEIRONWN, KAI 'EA=N TI TWN "ETERWN
'ANAPHRON GIGNHTAI, 'EN 'APORRHTWI TE-KAI 'ADHLWI KATAKRUYOUSIN2
"W$ PREPEI0.
'EIPER MELLEI0, 'EFH, KAQARON TO GENO$ TWN FULAKWN
'ESESQAI.
'OUKOU*N-KAI TROFH$ "OUTOI 'EPIMELHSONTAI TA$ TE MHTERA$
'EPI TON SHKON 'AGONTE$ "OTAN SPARGWSI, PASAN MHCANHN
<P 460D>
MHCANWMENOI "OPW$ MHDEMIA TO "AUTH$ 'AISQHSETAI, KAI 'ALLA$
GALA 'ECOUSA$ 'EKPORIZONTE$, 'EA=N MH 'AUTAI "IKANAI 'WSI, KAI
'AUTWN TOUTWN 'EPIMELHSONTAI "OPW$ METRION CRONON QHLASONTAI,
'AGRUPNIA$ DE-KAI TON 'ALLON PONON TITQAI$ TE-KAI TROFOI$
PARADWSOUSIN2:
POLLHN "RA\STWNHN, 'EFH, LEGEI$ TH$ PAIDOPOIIA$ TAI$ TWN
FULAKWN GUNAIXIN.
PREPEI0 GAR, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. TO D' 'EFEXH$ DIELQWMEN "O=
PROUQEMEQA. 'EFAMEN GAR-DH 'EX 'AKMAZONTWN0 DEIN TA 'EKGONA
GIGNESQAI.
'ALHQH.
<P 460E>
'A*R'-'OUN SOI4 SUNDOKEI0 METRIO$ CRONO$ 'AKMH$ TA 'EIKOSI
'ETH GUNAIKI, 'ANDRI DE TA TRIAKONTA:
TA POI*A 'AUTWN: 'EFH.
GUNAIKI MEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ARXAMENHI 'APO 'EIKOSIETIDO$ MECRI
TETTARAKONTAETIDO$ TIKTEIN THI POLEI; 'ANDRI DE, 'EPEIDAN THN
'OXUTATHN9 DROMOU9 'AKMHN9 PARHI6, TO 'APO TOUTOU GENNAN THI
POLEI MECRI PENTEKAIPENTHKONTAETOU$.


<P 461A>
'AMFOTERWN GOUN, 'EFH, "AU=TH 'AKMH SWMATO$ TE-KAI
FRONHSEW$.
'OUKOU*N 'EANTE PRESBUTERO$ TOUTWN 'EANTE NEWTERO$ TWN
'EI$ TO KOINON GENNHSEWN "AYHTAI, 'OUTE "OSION 'OUTE DIKAION
FHSOMEN TO "AMARTHMA, "W$ PAIDA FITUONTO$ THI POLEI, "O$, 'AN2
LAQHI6, GENNHSETAI 'OUC "UPO QUSIWN 'OUD' "UPO 'EUCWN FU$, "A$
'EF' "EKASTOI$ TOI$ GAMOI$ 'EUXONTAI KAI "IEREIAI KAI "IEREI$ KAI
SUMPASA "H POLI$ 'EX 'AGAQWN 'AMEINOU$ KAI 'EX 'WFELIMWN
<P 461B>
'WFELIMWTEROU$ 'AEI TOU$ 'EKGONOU$ GIGNESQAI, 'ALL' "UPO
SKOTOU META DEINH$ 'AKRATEIA$ GEGONW$.
'ORQW$, 'EFH.
"O 'AUTO$ DE-G', 'EIPON, NOMO$, 'EA=N TI$ TWN 'ETI GENNWNTWN0
MH SUNERXANTO$ 'ARCONTO$ "APTHTAI TWN 'EN "HLIKIA\ GUNAIKWN;
NOQON GAR-KAI 'ANEGGUON KAI 'ANIERON FHSOMEN 'AUTON PAIDA
THI POLEI KAQISTANAI.
'ORQOTATA, 'EFH.
"OTAN DE-DH 'OIMAI "AI TE GUNAIKE$ KAI "OI 'ANDRE$ TOU* GENNAN
'EKBWSI THN "HLIKIAN, 'AFHSOMEN POU 'ELEUQEROU$ 'AUTOU$ SUGGIGNESQAI
<P 461C>
"WI 'AN4 'EQELWSI, PLHN QUGATRI KAI MHTRI KAI TAI$
TWN QUGATERWN PAISI KAI TAI$ 'ANW MHTRO$, KAI GUNAIKA$ 'AU
PLHN "UEI KAI PATRI KAI TOI$ TOUTWN 'EI$ TO KATW KAI 'EPI TO
'ANW, KAI TAUTA G' 'HDH PANTA DIAKELEUSAMENOI PROQUMEISQAI
MALISTA MEN-MHD' 'EI$ FW$ 'EKFEREIN KUHMA MHDE-G' "EN, 'EA=N
GENHTAI, 'EA=N DE TI BIASHTAI, "OUTW TIQENAI, "W$ 'OUK 'OUSH$
TROFH$ TW*I TOIOUTWI.
KAI TAUTA MEN-G', 'EFH, METRIW$ LEGETAI; PATERA$ DE-KAI
<P 461D>
QUGATERA$ KAI "A NUNDH 'ELEGE$ PW*$ DIAGNWSONTAI 'ALLHLWN:
'OUDAMW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; 'ALL' 'AF' "H$ 'AN4 "HMERA$ TI$ 'AUTWN
NUMFIO$ GENHTAI, MET' 'EKEINHN DEKATWI MHNI KAI "EBDOMWI DH "A
'AN4 GENHTAI 'EKGONA, TAUTA PANTA PROSEREI2 TA MEN 'ARRENA
"UEI$ TA DE QHLEA QUGATERA$, KAI 'EKEINA 'EKEINON PATERA, KAI
"OUTW DH TA TOUTWN 'EKGONA PAIDWN PAIDA$, KAI 'EKEIN' 'AU
'EKEINOU$ PAPPOU$ TE-KAI THQA$, TA D' 'EN 'EKEINWI TW*I CRONWI
GEGONOTA, 'EN "WI "AI MHTERE$ KAI "OI PATERE$ 'AUTWN 'EGENNWN,
<P 461E>
'ADELFA$ TE-KAI 'ADELFOU$, "WSTE, "O= NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN, 'ALLHLWN
MH "APTESQAI. 'ADELFOU$ DE-KAI 'ADELFA$ DWSEI2 "O NOMO$ SUNOIKEIN,
'EA=N "O KLHRO$ TAUTHI SUMPIPTHI5 KAI "H PUQIA PROSANAIRHI5.
'ORQOTATA, 'H*-D'-"O$.
"H MEN-DH KOINWNIA, 'W* GLAUKWN, "AU=TH TE-KAI TOIAUTH
GUNAIKWN TE-KAI PAIDWN TOI$ FULAXI SOI4 TH$ POLEW$; "W$
DE "EPOMENH TE THI 'ALLHI POLITEIA\ KAI MAKRWI BELTISTH, DEI
DH TO META TOUTO BEBAIWSASQAI PARA TOU* LOGOU. 'H= PW*$
POIWMEN:


<P 462A>
"OUTW NH DI=A, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'A*R'-'OUN 'OUC "HDE 'ARCH TH$ "OMOLOGIA$, 'ERESQAI "HMA$-'AUTOU$
TI= POTE TO MEGISTON 'AGAQON 'ECOMEN 'EIPEIN 'EI$ POLEW$
KATASKEUHN, "OU2 DEI STOCAZOMENON TON NOMOQETHN TIQENAI TOU$
NOMOU$, KAI TI= MEGISTON KAKON, 'EI*TA 'EPISKEYASQAI 'A*RA "A
NUNDH DIHLQOMEN 'EI$ MEN TO TOU* 'AGAQOU 'ICNO$ "HMIN "ARMOTTEI0,
TW*I DE TOU* KAKOU 'ANARMOSTEI0:
PANTWN MALISTA, 'EFH.
'ECOMEN 'OUN TI MEIZON KAKON POLEI 'H= 'EKEINO "O= 'AN4 'AUTHN
<P 462B>
DIASPA*I2 KAI POIHI5 POLLA$ 'ANTI MIA$: 'H= MEIZON 'AGAQON TOU* "O=
'AN4 SUNDHI5 TE-KAI POIHI5 MIAN:
'OUK 'ECOMEN.
'OUKOU*N "H MEN "HDONH$ TE-KAI LUPH$ KOINWNIA SUNDEI0, "OTAN
"OTI2 MALISTA PANTE$ "OI POLITAI TWN 'AUTWN GIGNOMENWN TE-KAI
'APOLLUMENWN PARAPLHSIW$ CAIRWSI KAI LUPWNTAI:
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
"H DE-GE TWN TOIOUTWN 'IDIWSI$ DIALUEI0, "OTAN "OI MEN
PERIALGEI$, "OI DE PERICAREI$ GIGNWNTAI 'EPI TOI$ 'AUTOI$
<P 462C>
PAQHMASI TH$ POLEW$ TE-KAI TWN 'EN THI POLEI:
TI= D' 'OU=:
'A*R'-'OUN 'EK TOUDE TO TOIONDE GIGNETAI, "OTAN MH "AMA FQEGGWNTAI
'EN THI POLEI TA TOIADE "RHMATA, TO TE 'EMON KAI TO 'OUK
'EMON: KAI PERI= TOU* 'ALLOTRIOU KATA 'TAUTA:
KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN.
'EN "HITINI DH POLEI PLEISTOI 'EPI TO 'AUTO KATA 'TAUTA TOUTO
LEGOUSI0 TO 'EMON KAI TO 'OUK 'EMON, "AU=TH 'ARISTA DIOIKEITAI:
POLU GE.
KAI "HTI$ DH 'EGGUTATA "ENO$ 'ANQRWPOU 'ECEI0: "OION "OTAN POU
"HMWN DAKTULO$ TOU PLHGHI, PASA "H KOINWNIA "H KATA TO SWMA
PRO$ THN YUCHN TETAMENH 'EI$ MIAN SUNTAXIN THN TOU* 'ARCONTO$
<P 462D>
'EN 'AUTHI 'HISQETO TE-KAI PASA "AMA SUNHLGHSEN MEROU$
PONHSANTO$ "OLH, KAI "OUTW DH LEGOMEN "OTI4 "O 'ANQRWPO$ TON
DAKTULON 'ALGEI0; KAI PERI= 'ALLOU "OTOUOUN TWN TOU* 'ANQRWPOU
"O 'AUTO$ LOGO$, PERI= TE LUPH$ PONOUNTO$ MEROU$ KAI PERI=
"HDONH$ "RAIZONTO$:
"O 'AUTO$ GAR, 'EFH; KAI TOUTO "O= 'ERWTA*I$0, TOU* TOIOUTOU
'EGGUTATA "H 'ARISTA POLITEUOMENH POLI$ 'OIKEI0.
"ENO$ DH 'OIMAI PASCONTO$ TWN POLITWN "OTIOUN 'H= 'AGAQON
<P 462E>
'H= KAKON "H TOIAUTH POLI$ MALISTA TE FHSEI2 "EAUTH$ 'EINAI TO
PASCON, KAI 'H= SUNHSQHSETAI "APASA 'H= SULLUPHSETAI.
'ANAGKH, 'EFH, THN GE 'EUNOMON.
"WRA 'AN4 'EIH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EPANIENAI "HMIN 'EPI THN "HMETERAN
POLIN, KAI TA TOU* LOGOU "OMOLOGHMATA SKOPEIN 'EN 'AUTHI, 'EI
'AUTH MALIST' 'ECEI0 'EI=TE-KAI 'ALLH TI$ MALLON.
'OUKOU*N CRH, 'EFH.


<P 463A>
TI= 'OUN: 'ESTI MEN-POU-KAI 'EN TAI$ 'ALLAI$ POLESIN
'ARCONTE$ TE-KAI DHMO$, 'ESTI DE-KAI 'EN TAUTHI:
'ESTI.
POLITA$ MEN-DH PANTE$ "OUTOI 'ALLHLOU$ PROSEROUSI2:
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
'ALLA= PRO$ TW*I POLITA$ TI= "O 'EN TAI$ 'ALLAI$ DHMO$ TOU$
'ARCONTA$ PROSAGOREUEI0:
'EN MEN TAI$ POLLAI$ DESPOTA$, 'EN DE TAI$ DHMOKRATOUMENAI$
'AUTO 'TOUNOMA TOUTO, 'ARCONTA$.
TI= D' "O 'EN THI "HMETERA\ DHMO$: PRO$ TW*I POLITA$ TI= TOU$
'ARCONTA$ FHSIN 'EINAI:
<P 463B>
SWTHRA$ TE-KAI 'EPIKOUROU$, 'EFH.
TI= D' "OUTOI TON DHMON:
MISQODOTA$ TE-KAI TROFEA$.
"OI D' 'EN TAI$ 'ALLAI$ 'ARCONTE$ TOU$ DHMOU$:
DOULOU$, 'EFH.
TI= D' "OI 'ARCONTE$ 'ALLHLOU$:
SUNARCONTA$, 'EFH.
TI= D' "OI "HMETEROI:
SUMFULAKA$.
'ECEI$ 'OUN 'EIPEIN TWN 'ARCONTWN0 TWN 'EN TAI$ 'ALLAI$
POLESIN, 'EI TI$ TINA 'ECEI0 PROSEIPEIN TWN SUNARCONTWN0 TON
MEN "W$ 'OIKEION, TON D' "W$ 'ALLOTRION:
KAI POLLOU$ GE.
'OUKOU*N TON MEN 'OIKEION "W$ "EAUTOU NOMIZEI0 TE-KAI LEGEI0,
<P 463C>
TON D' 'ALLOTRION "W$ 'OUC "EAUTOU:
"OUTW.
TI= DE "OI PARA SOI4 FULAKE$: 'ESQ' "OSTI$ 'AUTWN 'ECOI 'AN4
TWN SUMFULAKWN NOMISAI0 TINA 'H= PROSEIPEIN "W$ 'ALLOTRION:
'OUDAMW$, 'EFH; PANTI GAR "WI 'AN4 'ENTUGCANHI5, 'H= "W$ 'ADELFWI
'H= "W$ 'ADELFHI 'H= "W$ PATRI 'H= "W$ MHTRI 'H= "UEI 'H= QUGATRI 'H=
TOUTWN 'EKGONOI$ 'H= PROGONOI$ NOMIEI2 'ENTUGCANEIN.
KALLISTA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, LEGEI$, 'ALL' 'ETI KAI TODE 'EIPE=;
POTERON 'AUTOI$ TA 'ONOMATA MONON 'OIKEI*A NOMOQETHSEI$, 'H=
<P 463D>
KAI TA$ PRAXEI$ PASA$ KATA TA 'ONOMATA PRATTEIN, PERI= TE
TOU$ PATERA$, "OSA NOMO$ PERI= PATERA$ 'AIDOU$ TE PE=RI KAI
KHDEMONIA$ KAI TOU* "UPHKOON DEIN 'EINAI TWN GONEWN, 'H= MHTE
PRO$ QEWN MHTE PRO$ 'ANQRWPWN 'AUTWI 'AMEINON 'ESESQAI, "W$
'OUTE "O=SIA 'OUTE DI=KAIA PRATTONTO$ 'AN4, 'EI 'A=LLA PRATTOI 'H=
TAUTA: "AUTAI SOI4 'H= 'ALLAI FHMAI 'EX "APANTWN TWN POLITWN
"UMNHSOUSIN2 'EUQU$ PERI= TA TWN PAIDWN 'WTA KAI PERI= PATERWN,
"OU$ 'AN4 'AUTOI$ TI$ 'APOFHNHI6, KAI PERI= TWN 'ALLWN SUGGENWN:
<P 463E>
"AUTAI, 'EFH; GELOION GAR 'AN4 'EIH 'EI 'ANEU 'ERGWN 'OIKEI*A
'ONOMATA DIA= TWN STOMATWN MONON FQEGGOINTO.
PASWN 'A=RA POLEWN MALISTA 'EN 'AUTHI SUMFWNHSOUSIN2
"ENO$ TINO$ 'H= 'EU 'H= KAKW$ PRATTONTO$ "O= NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN TO
"RHMA, TO "OTI4 TO 'EMON 'EU PRATTEI0 'H= "OTI4 TO 'EMON KAKW$.
'ALHQESTATA 'AU, 'H*-D'-"O$.


<P 464A>
'OUKOU*N META TOUTOU TOU* DOGMATO$ TE-KAI "RHMATO$ 'EFAMEN
SUNAKOLOUQEIN TA$ TE "HDONA$ KAI TA$ LUPA$ KOINHI:
KAI 'ORQW$ GE 'EFAMEN.
'OUKOU*N MALISTA TOU* 'AUTOU4 KOINWNHSOUSIN2 "HMIN "OI POLITAI,
"O= DH 'EMON 'ONOMASOUSIN2: TOUTOU DE KOINWNOUNTE$ "OUTW DH
LUPH$ TE-KAI "HDONH$ MALISTA KOINWNIAN "EXOUSIN2:
POLU GE.
'A*R'-'OUN TOUTWN 'AITIA PRO$ THI 'ALLHI KATASTASEI "H TWN
GUNAIKWN TE-KAI PAIDWN KOINWNIA TOI$ FULAXIN:
POLU MEN-'OUN MALISTA, 'EFH.
<P 464B>
'ALLA=-MHN MEGISTON GE POLEI 'AUTO "WMOLOGHSAMEN 'AGAQON,
'APEIKAZONTE$ 'EU 'OIKOUMENHN POLIN SWMATI PRO$ MERO$ "AUTOU
LUPH$ TE PE=RI KAI "HDONH$ "W$ 'ECEI0.
KAI 'ORQW$ G', 'EFH, "WMOLOGHSAMEN.
TOU* MEGISTOU 'A=RA 'AGAQOU THI POLEI 'AITIA "HMIN PEFANTAI
"H KOINWNIA TOI$ 'EPIKOUROI$ TWN TE PAIDWN KAI TWN GUNAIKWN.
KAI MAL', 'EFH.
KAI-MEN-DH-KAI TOI$ PROSQEN GE "OMOLOGOUMEN; 'EFAMEN
GAR-POU-'OUTE 'OIKIA$ TOUTOI$ 'IDIA$ DEIN 'EINAI 'OUTE GHN 'OUTE
<P 464C>
TI KTHMA, 'ALLA= PARA TWN 'ALLWN TROFHN LAMBANONTA$,
MISQON TH$ FULAKH$, KOINHI PANTA$ 'ANALISKEIN, 'EI MELLOIEN
'ONTW$ FULAKE$ 'EINAI.
'ORQW$, 'EFH.
'A*R'-'OUN 'OUC, "OPER LEGW0, TA TE PROSQEN 'EIRHMENA KAI TA
NU*N LEGOMENA 'ETI MALLON 'APERGAZETAI 'AUTOU$ 'ALHQINOU$
FULAKA$, KAI POIEI0 MH DIASPAN THN POLIN TO 'EMON 'ONOMAZONTA$
MH TO 'AUTO 'ALL' 'ALLON 'ALLO, TON MEN 'EI$ THN "EAUTOU
'OIKIAN "ELKONTA "OTI2 'AN4 DUNHTAI CWRI$ TWN 'ALLWN KTHSASQAI,
<P 464D>
TON DE 'EI$ THN "EAUTOU "ETERAN 'OUSAN, KAI GUNAIKA TE-KAI
PAIDA$ "ETEROU$, "HDONA$ TE-KAI 'ALGHDONA$ 'EMPOIOUNTA$ 'IDIWN
'ONTWN0 'IDIA$, 'ALL' "ENI DOGMATI TOU* 'OIKEIOU PE=RI 'EPI TO 'AUTO
TEINONTA$ PANTA$ 'EI$ TO DUNATON "OMOPAQEI$ LUPH$ TE-KAI
"HDONH$ 'EINAI:
KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
TI= DE: DIKAI TE-KAI 'EGKLHMATA PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ 'OUK
'OICHSETAI 'EX 'AUTWN "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN DIA= TO MHDEN 'IDION
'EKTHSQAI PLHN TO SWMA, TA D' 'A=LLA KOINA: "OQEN DH "UPARCEI0
<P 464E>
TOUTOI$ 'ASTASIASTOI$ 'EINAI, "OSA GE DIA= CRHMATWN 'H= PAIDWN
KAI SUGGENWN KTHSIN 'ANQRWPOI STASIAZOUSIN0:
POLLH 'ANAGKH, 'EFH, 'APHLLACQAI.
KAI-MHN-'OUDE BIAIWN GE-'OUD' 'AIKIA$ DIKAI DIKAIW$ 'AN4
'EIEN 'EN 'AUTOI$; "HLIXI MEN-GAR "HLIKA$ 'AMUNESQAI KALON KAI
DIKAION POU FHSOMEN, 'ANAGKHN SWMATWN 'EPIMELEIA\ TIQENTE$.
'ORQW$, 'EFH.


<P 465A>
KAI-GAR TODE 'ORQON 'ECEI0, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OUTO$ "O NOMO$; 'EI
POU TI$ TWI QUMOITO, 'EN TW*I TOIOUTWI PLHRWN TON QUMON "HTTON
'EPI MEIZOU$ 'AN4 'IOI STASEI$.
PANU MEN-'OUN.
PRESBUTERWI MHN NEWTERWN PANTWN 'ARCEIN TE-KAI KOLAZEIN
PROSTETAXETAI.
DHLON.
KAI-MHN "OTI4 GE NEWTERO$ PRESBUTERON, 'AN2 MH 'ARCONTE$
PROSTATTWSIN, 'OUTE 'ALLO BIAZESQAI 'EPICEIRHSEI2 POTE 'OUTE
TUPTEIN, "W$ TO 'EIKO$. 'OIMAI D'-'OUDE 'ALLW$ 'ATIMASEI2; "IKANW
GAR TW FULAKE KWLUONTE, DEO$ TE-KAI 'AIDW$, 'AIDW$ MEN "W$
<P 465B>
GONEWN MH "APTESQAI 'EIRGOUSA, DEO$ DE TO TW*I PASCONTI TOU$
'ALLOU$ BOHQEIN, TOU$ MEN "W$ "UEI$, TOU$ DE "W$ 'ADELFOU$,
TOU$ DE "W$ PATERA$.
SUMBAINEI0 GAR "OUTW$, 'EFH.
PANTACHI DH 'EK TWN NOMWN 'EIRHNHN PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ "OI
'ANDRE$ 'AXOUSI2:
POLLHN GE.
TOUTWN MHN 'EN "EAUTOI$ MH STASIAZONTWN0 'OUDEN DEINON
MH POTE "H 'ALLH POLI$ PRO$ TOUTOU$ 'H= PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$
DICOSTATHSHI6.
'OU-GAR-'OUN.
TA GE-MHN SMIKROTATA TWN KAKWN DI' 'APREPEIAN 'OKNW0
<P 465C>
KAI LEGEIN, "WN 'APHLLAGMENOI 'AN4 'EIEN, KOLAKEIA$ TE PLOUSIWN
PENHTE$; 'APORIA$ TE-KAI 'ALGHDONA$ "OSA$ 'EN PAIDOTROFIA\
KAI CRHMATISMOI$ DIA= TROFHN 'OIKETWN 'ANAGKAIAN 'ISCOUSI0,
TA MEN DANEIZOMENOI, TA D' 'EXARNOUMENOI, TA DE PANTW$
PORISAMENOI QEMENOI PARA GUNAIKA$ TE-KAI 'OIKETA$, TAMIEUEIN
PARADONTE$, "OSA TE, 'W* FILE, PERI= 'AUTA KAI "OI*A PASCOUSI0,
DHLA TE-DH-KAI 'AGENNH KAI 'OUK 'A=XIA LEGEIN.
<P 465D>
DHLA GAR, 'EFH, KAI TUFLWI.
PANTWN TE-DH TOUTWN 'APALLAXONTAI, ZHSOUSI2 TE TOU*
MAKARISTOU BIOU "ON "OI 'OLUMPIONIKAI ZWSI0 MAKARIWTERON.
PH*I:
DIA= SMIKRON POU MERO$ 'EUDAIMONIZONTAI 'EKEINOI "WN TOUTOI$
"UPARCEI0. "H TE-GAR TWNDE NIKH KALLIWN, "H T' 'EK TOU* DHMOSIOU
TROFH TELEWTE=RA. NIKHN TE-GAR NIKWSI0 SUMPASH$
TH$ POLEW$ SWTHRIAN, TROFHI TE-KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ PASIN "OSWN
BIO$ DEITAI 'AUTOI TE-KAI PAIDE$ 'ANADOUNTAI, KAI GERA DECONTAI
<P 465E>
PARA TH$ "AUTWN POLEW$ ZWNTE$ TE-KAI TELEUTHSANTE$ TAFH$
'AXIA$ METECOUSIN0.
KAI MALA, 'EFH, KALA.
MEMNHSAI 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OTI4 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN 'OUK 'OIDA
"OTOU LOGO$ "HMIN 'EPEPLHXEN "OTI4 TOU$ FULAKA$ 'OUK 'EUDAIMONA$


<P 466A>
POIOIMEN, "OI$ 'EXON PANTA 'ECEIN TA TWN POLITWN 'OUDEN
'ECOIEN: "HMEI$ DE-POU 'EIPOMEN "OTI4 TOUTO MEN, 'EI POU PARAPIPTOI,
'EI$ 'AUQI$ SKEYOIMEQA, NU*N DE TOU$ MEN FULAKA$
FULAKA$ POIOIMEN, THN DE POLIN "W$ "OIOI-T'-'EIMEN 'EUDAIMONESTATHN,
'ALL' 'OUK 'EI$ "EN 'EQNO$ 'APOBLEPONTE$ 'EN 'AUTHI
TOUTO 'EUDAIMON PLATTOIMEN:
MEMNHMAI, 'EFH.
TI= 'OUN: NU*N "HMIN "O TWN 'EPIKOURWN BIO$, 'EIPER TOU* GE
TWN 'OLUMPIONIKWN POLU TE KALLIWN KAI 'AMEINWN FAINETAI,
<P 466B>
MH PHI KATA TON TWN SKUTOTOMWN FAINETAI BION 'H= TINWN
'ALLWN DHMIOURGWN 'H= TON TWN GEWRGWN:
'OU MOI DOKEI0, 'EFH.
'ALLA=-MENTOI, "O= GE-KAI 'EKEI 'ELEGON, DIKAION KAI 'ENTAUQA
'EIPEIN, "OTI4 'EI "OUTW$ "O FULAX 'EPICEIRHSEI2 'EUDAIMWN GIGNESQAI,
"WSTE MHDE FULAX 'EINAI, MHD' 'ARKESEI2 'AUTWI BIO$ "OUTW METRIO$
KAI BEBAIO$ KAI "W$ "HMEI$ FAMEN 'ARISTO$, 'ALL' 'ANOHTO$ TE-KAI
MEIRAKIWDH$ DOXA 'EMPESOUSA 'EUDAIMONIA$ PE=RI "ORMHSEI2
<P 466C>
'AUTON DIA= DUNAMIN 'EPI TO "APANTA TA 'EN THI POLEI 'OIKEIOUSQAI,
GNWSETAI TON "HSIODON "OTI4 TW*I-'ONTI 'H*N SOFO$ LEGWN PLEON9
'EINAI PW$ "HMISU9 PANTO$9.
'EMOI4 MEN, 'EFH, SUMBOULWI CRWMENO$ MENEI2 'EPI TOUTWI TW*I
BIWI.
SUGCWREI$ 'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, THN TWN GUNAIKWN KOINWNIAN
TOI$ 'ANDRASIN, "HN DIELHLUQAMEN, PAIDEIA$ TE PE=RI KAI
PAIDWN KAI FULAKH$ TWN 'ALLWN POLITWN, KATA TE POLIN
MENOUSA$ 'EI$ POLEMON TE 'IOUSA$ KAI SUMFULATTEIN DEIN KAI
<P 466D>
SUNQHREUEIN "WSPER KUNA$, KAI PANTA PANTHI KATA TO DUNATON
KOINWNEIN, KAI TAUTA PRATTOUSA$ TA TE BELTISTA PRAXEIN KAI
'OU PARA FUSIN THN TOU* QHLEO$ PRO$ TO 'ARREN, "HI PEFUKATON
PRO$ 'ALLHLW KOINWNEIN:
SUGCWRW0, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EKEINO LOIPON DIELESQAI, 'EI 'A=RA-KAI
'EN 'ANQRWPOI$ DUNATON, "WSPER 'EN 'ALLOI$ ZWIOI$, TAUTHN THN
KOINWNIAN 'EGGENESQAI, KAI "OPHI DUNATON:
'EFQH$ 'EFH, 'EIPWN "HI 'EMELLON "UPOLHYESQAI.
<P 466E>
PERI= MEN-GAR TWN 'EN TW*I POLEMWI 'OIMAI, 'EFHN, DHLON "ON
TROPON POLEMHSOUSIN2.
PW*$: 'H*-D'-"O$.
"OTI4 KOINHI STRATEUSONTAI, KAI PRO$ GE 'AXOUSI2 TWN
PAIDWN 'EI$ TON POLEMON "OSOI "ADROI, "IN' "WSPER "OI TWN 'ALLWN
DHMIOURGWN QEWNTAI2 TAUTA "A TELEWQENTA$ DEHSEI2 DHMIOURGEIN;


<P 467A>
PRO$ DE THI QEA\ DIAKONEIN KAI "UPHRETEIN PANTA TA PERI= TON
POLEMON, KAI QERAPEUEIN PATERA$ TE-KAI MHTERA$. 'H= 'OUK
'HISQHSAI TA PERI= TA$ TECNA$, "OION TOU$ TWN KERAMEWN PAIDA$,
"W$ POLUN CRONON DIAKONOUNTE$ QEWROUSI0 PRIN "APTESQAI TOU*
KERAMEUEIN:
KAI MALA.
'H*-'OUN 'EKEINOI$ 'EPIMELESTERON PAIDEUTEON 'H= TOI$ FULAXI
TOU$ "AUTWN 'EMPEIRIA\ TE-KAI QEA\ TWN PROSHKONTWN0:
KATAGELASTON 'MENTAN4, 'EFH, 'EIH.
'ALLA=-MHN-KAI MACEITAI GE PAN ZWION DIAFERONTW$
<P 467B>
PARONTWN0 "WN 'AN4 TEKHI6.
'ESTIN "OUTW. KINDUNO$ DE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OU SMIKRO$
SFALEISIN, "OI*A DH 'EN POLEMWI FILEI0, PRO$ "EAUTOI$ PAIDA$ 'APOLESANTA$
POIHSAI0 KAI THN 'ALLHN POLIN 'ADUNATON 'ANALABEIN.
'ALHQH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, LEGEI$. 'ALLA= SU PRWTON MEN "HGHI0
PARASKEUASTEON TO MH POTE KINDUNEUSAI0:
'OUDAMW$.
TI= D': 'EI POU KINDUNEUTEON, 'OUK 'EN "WI BELTIOU$ 'ESONTAI
KATORQOUNTE$:
DHLON DH.
<P 467C>
'ALLA= SMIKRON 'OIEI DIAFEREIN KAI 'OUK 'AXION KINDUNOU
QEWREIN 'H= MH TA PERI= TON POLEMON PAIDA$ TOU$ 'ANDRA$
POLEMIKOU$ 'ESOMENOU$:
'OU=K, 'ALLA= DIAFEREI0 PRO$ "O= LEGEI$.
TOUTO MEN-'A=RA "UPARKTEON, QEWROU$ POLEMOU TOU$ PAIDA$
POIEIN, PROSMHCANASQAI D' 'AUTOI$ 'ASFALEIAN, KAI KALW$
"EXEI2; 'H*-GAR:
NAI.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PRWTON MEN 'AUTWN "OI PATERE$,
"OSA 'ANQRWPOI, 'OUK 'AMAQEI$ 'ESONTAI 'ALLA= GNWMONIKOI TWN
<P 467D>
STRATEIWN "OSAI TE-KAI MH 'EPIKINDUNOI:
'EIKO$, 'EFH.
'EI$ MEN-'A=RA TA$ 'AXOUSIN2, 'EI$ DE TA$ 'EULABHSONTAI.
'ORQW$.
KAI 'ARCONTA$ GE-POU, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OU TOU$ FAULOTATOU$
'AUTOI$ 'EPISTHSOUSIN2 'ALLA= TOU$ 'EMPEIRIA\ TE-KAI "HLIKIA\
"IKANOU$ "HGEMONA$ TE-KAI PAIDAGWGOU$ 'EINAI.
PREPEI0 GAR.
'ALLA=-GAR, FHSOMEN, KAI PARA DOXAN POLLA POLLOI$ DH
'EGENETO.
KAI MALA.
PRO$ TOINUN TA TOIAUTA, 'W* FILE, PTEROUN CRH PAIDIA
'ONTA 'EUQU$, "IN', 'AN2 TI DEHI5, PETOMENOI 'APOFEUGWSIN.
<P 467E>
PW*$ LEGEI$: 'EFH.
'EPI TOU$ "IPPOU$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ANABIBASTEON "W$ NEWTATOU$,
KAI DIDAXAMENOU$ "IPPEUEIN 'EF' "IPPWN 'AKTEON 'EPI THN QEAN,
MH QUMOEIDWN MHDE MACHTIKWN, 'ALL' "OTI2 PODWKESTATWN KAI
'EUHNIWTATWN. "OUTW GAR KALLISTA TE QEASONTAI TO "AUTWN
'ERGON, KAI 'ASFALESTATA, 'AN2 TI DEHI5, SWQHSONTAI META
PRESBUTERWN "HGEMONWN "EPOMENOI.
'ORQW$, 'EFH, MOI DOKEI$ LEGEIN.


<P 468A>
TI= DE-DH, 'EIPON, TA PERI= TON POLEMON: PW*$ "EKTEON SOI4
TOU$ STRATIWTA$ PRO$ "AUTOU$ TE-KAI TOU$ POLEMIOU$: 'A*R'
'ORQW$ MOI KATAFAINETAI 'H= 'OU=:
LEG', 'EFH, POI*' 'AU.
'AUTWN MEN, 'EIPON, TON LIPONTA TAXIN 'H= "OPLA 'APOBALONTA
'H= TI TWN TOIOUTWN POIHSANTA DIA= KA=KHN 'A*RA 'OU DHMIOURGON
TINA DEI KAQISTANAI 'H= GEWRGON:
PANU MEN-'OUN.
TON DE ZWNTA 'EI$ TOU$ POLEMIOU$ "ALONTA 'A*R' 'OU DWREAN
DIDONAI TOI$ "ELOUSI CRHSQAI THI 'AGRA\ "OTI2 'AN4 BOULWNTAI:
<P 468B>
KOMIDHI GE.
TON DE 'ARISTEUSANTA TE-KAI 'EUDOKIMHSANTA 'OU PRWTON
MEN 'EPI STRATIA$ "UPO TWN SUSTRATEUOMENWN MEIRAKIWN TE-KAI
PAIDWN 'EN MEREI "UPO "EKASTOU DOKEI0 SOI4 CRHNAI0 STEFANWQHNAI:
'H= 'OU=:
'EMOIGE.
TI= DE: DEXIWQHNAI:
KAI TOUTO.
'ALLA= TOD' 'OIMAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OUKETI SOI4 DOKEI0.
TO POI*ON:
TO FILHSAI0 TE-KAI FILHQHNAI "UPO "EKASTOU.
PANTWN, 'EFH, MALISTA; KAI PROSTIQHMI GE TW*I NOMWI,
<P 468C>
"EW$ 'AN4 'EPI TAUTH$ 'WSI TH$ STRATIA$, KAI MHDENI 'EXEINAI
'APARNHQHNAI "ON 'AN4 BOULHTAI FILEIN, "INA KAI, 'EA=N TI$ TOU
TUCHI6 'ERWN 'H= 'ARRENO$ 'H= QHLEIA$, PROQUMOTERO$ 'HI PRO$ TO
'TARISTEIA FEREIN.
KALW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. "OTI4 MEN-GAR 'AGAQWI 'ONTI GAMOI TE
"ETOIMOI PLEIOU$ 'H= TOI$ 'ALLOI$ KAI "AIRESEI$ TWN TOIOUTWN
POLLAKI$ PARA TOU$ 'ALLOU$ 'ESONTAI, "IN' "OTI2 PLEISTOI 'EK
TOU* TOIOUTOU GIGNWNTAI, 'EIRHTAI 'HDH.
'EIPOMEN GAR, 'EFH.
'ALLA=-MHN-KAI KAQ' "OMHRON TOI$ TOIOISDE DIKAION TIMAN
<P 468D>
TWN NEWN "OSOI 'AGAQOI. KAI-GAR "OMHRO$ TON 'EUDOKIMHSANTA
'EN TW*I POLEMWI NWTOISIN9 'AIANTA9 'EFH DIHNEKEESSI9
GERAIRESQAI1, "W$ TAUTHN 'OIKEIAN 'OUSAN TIMHN TW*I "HBWNTI
TE-KAI 'ANDREIWI, 'EX "H$ "AMA TW*I TIMASQAI KAI THN 'ISCUN
'AUXHSEI2.
'ORQOTATA, 'EFH.
PEISOMEQA 'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TAUTA GE "OMHRWI. KAI-GAR
"HMEI$ 'EN TE QUSIAI$ KAI TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ PASI TOU$ 'AGAQOU$,
KAQ' "OSON 'AN4 'AGAQOI FAINWNTAI, KAI "UMNOI$ KAI "OI$ NUNDH
'ELEGOMEN TIMHSOMEN, PRO$ DE TOUTOI$ "EDRAI$1 TE9-KAI KREASIN9
<P 468E>
'IDE9 PLEIOI$9 DEPAESSIN9, "INA "AMA TW*I TIMAN 'ASKWMEN
TOU$ 'AGAQOU$ 'ANDRA$ TE-KAI GUNAIKA$.
KALLISTA, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
'EIEN; TWN DE-DH 'APOQANONTWN3 'EPI STRATIA$ "O$ 'AN4 'EUDOKIMHSA$
TELEUTHSHI6 'A*R' 'OU PRWTON MEN FHSOMEN TOU* CRUSOU
GENOU$ 'EINAI:
PANTWN GE MALISTA.
'ALL' 'OU PEISOMEQA "HSIODWI, 'EPEIDAN TINE$ TOU* TOIOUTOU
GENOU$ TELEUTHSWSIN, "W$ 'A=RA %


<P 469A>
"OI1 MEN9 DAIMONE$9 "AGNOI1 'EPICQONIOI9 TELEQOUSIN1,
'ESQLOI9, 'ALEXIKAKOI1, FULAKE$9 MEROPWN1 'ANQRWPWN9:
PEISOMEQA MEN-'OUN.
DIAPUQOMENOI 'A=RA TOU* QEOU PW*$ CRH TOU$ DAIMONIOU$
TE-KAI QEIOU$ TIQENAI KAI TI=NI DIAFORWI, "OUTW KAI TAUTHI
QHSOMEN "HI 'AN4 'EXHGHTAI:
TI= D' 'OU MELLOMEN:
KAI TON LOIPON DH CRONON "W$ DAIMONWN, "OUTW QERAPEUSOMEN
<P 469B>
TE-KAI PROSKUNHSOMEN 'AUTWN TA$ QHKA$: 'TAUTA DE
TAUTA NOMIOUMEN "OTAN TI$ GHRA\ 'H= TINI 'ALLWI TROPWI TELEUTHSHI6
TWN "OSOI 'AN4 DIAFERONTW$ 'EN TW*I BIWI 'AGAQOI KRIQWSIN:
DIKAION GOUN, 'EFH.
TI= DE: PRO$ TOU$ POLEMIOU$ PW*$ POIHSOUSIN2 "HMIN "OI
STRATIWTAI:
TO POI*ON DH:
PRWTON MEN 'ANDRAPODISMOU PE=RI, DOKEI0 DIKAION "ELLHNA$
"ELLHNIDA$ POLEI$ 'ANDRAPODIZESQAI, 'H= MHD' 'ALLHI 'EPITREPEIN
KATA TO DUNATON KAI TOUTO 'EQIZEIN, TOU* "ELLHNIKOU
<P 469C>
GENOU$ FEIDESQAI, 'EULABOUMENOU$ THN "UPO TWN BARBARWN
DOULEIAN:
"OLWI KAI PANTI, 'EFH, DIAFEREI0 TO FEIDESQAI.
MHDE "ELLHNA 'A=RA DOULON 'EKTHSQAI MHTE 'AUTOU$, TOI$ TE
'ALLOI$ "ELLHSIN "OUTW SUMBOULEUEIN:
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH; MALLON G' 'AN4 'OUN "OUTW PRO$ TOU$
BARBAROU$ TREPOINTO, "EAUTWN D' 'APECOINTO.
TI= DE: SKULEUEIN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TOU$ TELEUTHSANTA$ PLHN
"OPLWN, 'EPEIDAN NIKHSWSIN, 'H* KALW$ 'ECEI0: 'H= 'OU PROFASIN
<P 469D>
MEN TOI$ DEILOI$ 'ECEI0 MH PRO$ TON MACOMENON 'IENAI, "W$ TI
TWN DEONTWN0 DRWNTA$ "OTAN PERI= TON TEQNEWTA KUPTAZWSI,
POLLA DE 'HDH STRATOPEDA DIA= THN TOIAUTHN "ARPAGHN
'APWLETO:
KAI MALA.
'ANELEUQERON DE 'OU DOKEI0 KAI FILOCRHMATON NEKRON SULAN,
KAI GUNAIKEIA$ TE-KAI SMIKRA$ DIANOIA$ TO POLEMION NOMIZEIN
TO SWMA TOU* TEQNEWTO$ 'APOPTAMENOU TOU* 'ECQROU, LELOIPOTO$
DE "WI 'EPOLEMEI: 'H= 'OIEI TI DIAFORON DRAN TOU$ TOUTO
<P 469E>
POIOUNTA$ TWN KUNWN, "AI=4 TOI$ LIQOI$ "OI$ 'AN4 BLHQWSI
CALEPAINOUSI0, TOU* BALLONTO$ 'OUC "APTOMENAI:
'OUDE SMIKRON, 'EFH.
'EATEON 'A=RA TA$ NEKROSULIA$ KAI TA$ TWN 'ANAIRESEWN
DIAKWLUSEI$:
'EATEON MENTOI, 'EFH, NH DI=A.
'OUDE-MHN-POU PRO$ TA "IERA TA "OPLA 'OISOMEN "W$ 'ANAQHSONTE$,
'ALLW$ TE KAI TA TWN "ELLHNWN, 'EA=N TI "HMIN MELHI5


<P 470A>
TH$ PRO$ TOU$ 'ALLOU$ "ELLHNA$ 'EUNOIA$; MALLON DE-KAI
FOBHSOMEQA MH TI MIASMA 'HI PRO$ "IERON TA TOIAUTA 'APO
TWN 'OIKEIWN FEREIN, 'EA=N MH TI DH "O QEO$ 'ALLO LEGHI5.
'ORQOTATA, 'EFH.
TI= DE GH$ TE TMHSEW$ TH$ "ELLHNIKH$ KAI 'OIKIWN 'EMPRHSEW$:
POI*ON TI SOI4 DRASOUSIN2 "OI STRATIWTAI PRO$ TOU$
POLEMIOU$:
SOU4, 'EFH, DOXAN 'APOFAINOMENOU "HDEW$ 'AN4 'AKOUSAIMI.
'EMOI4 MEN-TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DOKEI0 TOUTWN MHDE=TERA POIEIN,
<P 470B>
'ALLA= TON 'EPETEION KARPON 'AFAIREISQAI. KAI "WN "ENEKA, BOULEI
SOI4 LEGW3:
PANU GE.
FAINETAI MOI, "WSPER KAI 'ONOMAZETAI DUO TAUTA 'ONOMATA,
POLEMO$ TE-KAI STASI$, "OUTW KAI 'EINAI DUO, 'ONTA 'EPI DUOIN
TINOIN DIAFORAIN. LEGW0 DE TA DUO TO MEN 'OIKEION KAI
SUGGENE$, TO DE 'ALLOTRION KAI 'OQNEION. 'EPI MEN-'OUN THI
TOU* 'OIKEIOU 'ECQRA\ STASI$ KEKLHTAI, 'EPI DE THI TOU* 'ALLOTRIOU
POLEMO$.
KAI 'OUDEN GE, 'EFH, 'APO TROPOU LEGEI$.
<P 470C>
"ORA DH-KAI 'EI TODE PRO$ TROPOU LEGW0. FHMI GAR TO
MEN "ELLHNIKON GENO$ 'AUTO "AUTWI 'OIKEION 'EINAI KAI SUGGENE$,
TW*I DE BARBARIKWI 'OQNEION TE-KAI 'ALLOTRION.
KALW$ GE, 'EFH.
"ELLHNA$ MEN-'A=RA BARBAROI$ KAI BARBAROU$ "ELLHSI
POLEMEIN MACOMENOU$ TE FHSOMEN KAI POLEMIOU$ FUSEI
'EINAI, KAI POLEMON THN 'ECQRAN TAUTHN KLHTEON; "ELLHNA$
DE "ELLHSIN, "OTAN TI TOIOUTON DRWSIN3, FUSEI MEN FILOU$
'EINAI, NOSEIN D' 'EN TW*I TOIOUTWI THN "ELLADA KAI STASIAZEIN,
<P 470D>
KAI STASIN THN TOIAUTHN 'ECQRAN KLHTEON.
'EGW MEN, 'EFH, SUGCWRW0 "OUTW NOMIZEIN.
SKOPEI5 DH, 'EIPON, "OTI3 'EN THI NU*N "OMOLOGOUMENHI STASEI,
"OPOU 'AN4 TI TOIOUTON GENHTAI KAI DIASTHI6 POLI$, 'EA=N "EKATEROI
"EKATERWN TEMNWSIN 'AGROU$ KAI 'OIKIA$ 'EMPIMPRWSIN, "W$
'ALITHRIWDH$ TE DOKEI0 "H STASI$ 'EINAI KAI 'OUDETEROI 'AUTWN
FILOPOLIDE$ % 'OU-GAR 'AN4 POTE 'ETOLMWN THN TROFON TE-KAI
MHTERA KEIREIN % 'ALLA= METRION 'EINAI TOU$ KARPOU$ 'AFAIREISQAI
<P 470E>
TOI$ KRATOUSI4 TWN KRATOUMENWN, KAI DIANOEISQAI "W$
DIALLAGHSOMENWN KAI 'OUK 'AEI POLEMHSONTWN.
POLU GAR, 'EFH, "HMERWTERWN "AU=TH "H DIANOIA 'EKEINH$.
TI= DE-DH: 'EFHN; "HN SU POLIN 'OIKIZEI$, 'OUC "ELLHNI$
'ESTAI:
DEI G' 'AUTHN, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N-KAI 'AGAQOI TE-KAI "HMEROI 'ESONTAI:
SFO=DRA GE.
'ALL' 'OU FILELLHNE$: 'OUDE 'OIKEIAN THN "ELLADA "HGHSONTAI,
'OUDE KOINWNHSOUSIN2 "WNPER "OI 'ALLOI "IERWN:
KAI SFO=DRA GE.


<P 471A>
'OUKOU*N THN PRO$ TOU$ "ELLHNA$ DIAFORAN, "W$ 'OIKEIOU$,
STASIN "HGHSONTAI KAI 'OUDE 'ONOMASOUSIN2 POLEMON:
'OU-GAR.
KAI "W$ DIALLAGHSOMENOI 'A=RA DIOISONTAI:
PANU MEN-'OUN.
'EUMENW$ DH SWFRONIOUSIN2, 'OUK 'EPI DOULEIA\ KOLAZONTE$
'OUD' 'EP' 'OLEQRWI SWFRONISTAI 'ONTE$, 'OU POLEMIOI.
"OUTW$, 'EFH.
'OUD'-'A=RA THN "ELLADA "ELLHNE$ 'ONTE$ KEROUSIN2, 'OUDE
'OIKHSEI$ 'EMPRHSOUSIN2, 'OUDE "OMOLOGHSOUSIN2 'EN "EKASTHI POLEI
PANTA$ 'ECQROU$ "AUTOI$ 'EINAI, KAI 'ANDRA$ KAI GUNAIKA$ KAI
PAIDA$, 'ALL' 'OLIGOU$ 'AEI 'ECQROU$ TOU$ 'AITIOU$ TH$ DIAFORA$.
<P 471B>
KAI DIA= TAUTA PANTA 'OUTE THN GHN 'EQELHSOUSIN2 KEIREIN
'AUTWN, "W$ FILWN TWN POLLWN, 'OUTE 'OIKIA$ 'ANATREPEIN,
'ALLA= MECRI TOUTOU POIHSONTAI THN DIAFORAN, MECRI "OU 'AN4
"OI 'AITIOI 'ANAGKASQWSIN "UPO TWN 'ANAITIWN 'ALGOUNTWN0 DOUNAI0
DIKHN.
'EGW MEN, 'EFH, "OMOLOGW0 "OUTW DEIN PRO$ TOU$ 'ENANTIOU$
TOU$ "HMETEROU$ POLITA$ PROSFERESQAI; PRO$ DE TOU$ BARBAROU$,
"W$ NU*N "OI "ELLHNE$ PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$.
TIQWMEN DH-KAI TOUTON TON NOMON TOI$ FULAXI, MHTE GHN
<P 471C>
TEMNEIN MHTE 'OIKIA$ 'EMPIMPRANAI:
QWMEN, 'EFH, KAI 'ECEIN GE KALW$ TAUTA TE-KAI TA
PROSQEN.
'ALLA=-GAR MOI DOKEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EA=N TI$ SOI4 TA
TOIAUTA 'EPITREPHI5 LEGEIN, 'OUDEPOTE MNHSQHSESQAI "O= 'EN TW*I
PROSQEN PARWSAMENO$ PANTA TAUTA 'EIRHKA$, TO "W$ DUNATH
"AU=TH "H POLITEIA GENESQAI KAI TI=NA TROPON POTE DUNATH;
'EPEI "OTI4 GE, 'EI GENOITO, PANT' 'AN4 'EIH 'AGAQA POLEI "HI GENOITO,
KAI "A SU PARALEIPEI$ 'EGW LEGW0, "OTI4 KAI TOI$ POLEMIOI$
<P 471D>
'ARIST' 'AN4 MACOINTO TW*I "HKISTA 'APOLEIPEIN 'ALLHLOU$, GIGNWSKONTE$
TE-KAI 'ANAKALOUNTE$ TAUTA TA 'ONOMATA "EAUTOU$,
'ADELFOU$, PATERA$, "UEI$; 'EI DE-KAI TO QHLU SUSTRATEUOITO,
'EI=TE-KAI 'EN THI 'AUTHI TAXEI 'EI=TE-KAI 'OPISQEN 'EPITETAGMENON,
FOBWN TE "ENEKA TOI$ 'ECQROI$ KAI 'EI POTE TI$ 'ANAGKH BOHQEIA$
GENOITO, 'OID' "OTI4 TAUTHI PANTHI 'AMACOI 'AN4 'EIEN; KAI
'OIKOI GE "A PARALEIPETAI 'AGAQA, "OSA 'AN4 'EIH 'AUTOI$, "ORW0.
<P 471E>
'ALL' "W$ 'EMOU4 "OMOLOGOUNTO$ PANTA TAUTA "OTI4 'EIH 'AN4 KAI
'A=LLA GE MURIA, 'EI GENOITO "H POLITEIA "AU=TH, MHKETI PLEIW
PERI= 'AUTH$ LEGE, 'ALLA= TOUTO 'AUTO 'HDH PEIRWMEQA2 "HMA$-'AUTOU$
PEIQEIN, "W$ DUNATON KAI "HI DUNATON, TA D' 'A=LLA
CAIREIN 'EWMEN2.


<P 472A>
'EXAIFNH$ GE SU, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "WSPER KATADROMHN 'EPOIHSW
'EPI TON LOGON MOU, KAI 'OU SUGGIGNWSKEI$ STRAGGEUOMENWI.
'ISW$ GAR 'OUK 'OISQA "OTI4 MOGI$ MOI TW DUO KUMATE 'EKFUGONTI
NU*N TO MEGISTON KAI CALEPWTATON TH$ TRIKUMIA$ 'EPAGEI$,
"O= 'EPEIDAN 'IDHI$ TE-KAI 'AKOUSHI$, PANU SUGGNWMHN "EXEI$, "OTI4
'EIKOTW$ 'A=RA 'WKNOUN TE-KAI 'EDEDOIKH "OUTW PARADOXON LOGON
LEGEIN TE-KAI 'EPICEIREIN DIASKOPEIN.
"OSWI 'AN4, 'EFH, TOIAUTA PLEIW LEGHI$, "HTTON 'AFEQHSHI
<P 472B>
"UF' "HMWN PRO$ TO MH 'EIPEIN PH*I DUNATH GIGNESQAI "AU=TH "H
POLITEIA. 'ALLA= LEGE KAI MH DIATRIBE.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PRWTON MEN TODE CRH 'ANAMNHSQHNAI,
"OTI4 "HMEI$ ZHTOUNTE$ DIKAIOSUNHN "OION 'ESTI KAI 'ADIKIAN DEURO
"HKOMEN.
CRH; 'ALLA= TI= TOUTO: 'EFH.
'OUDEN; 'ALL' 'EA=N "EURWMEN "OION 'ESTI DIKAIOSUNH, 'A*RA-KAI
'ANDRA TON DIKAION 'AXIWSOMEN MHDEN DEIN 'AUTH$ 'EKEINH$
DIAFEREIN, 'ALLA= PANTACHI TOIOUTON 'EINAI "OION DIKAIOSUNH
<P 472C>
'ESTIN: 'H= 'AGAPHSOMEN 'EA=N "OTI2 'EGGUTATA 'AUTH$ 'HI KAI
PLEISTA TWN 'ALLWN 'EKEINH$ METECHI5:
"OUTW$, 'EFH; 'AGAPHSOMEN.
PARADEIGMATO$ 'A=RA "ENEKA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EZHTOUMEN 'AUTO TE
DIKAIOSUNHN "OION 'ESTI, KAI 'ANDRA TON TELEW$ DIKAION 'EI
GENOITO, KAI "OIO$ 'AN4 'EIH GENOMENO$, KAI 'ADIKIAN 'AU KAI TON
'ADIKWTATON, "INA 'EI$ 'EKEINOU$ 'APOBLEPONTE$, "OIOI 'AN4 "HMIN
FAINWNTAI 'EUDAIMONIA$ TE PE=RI KAI TOU* 'ENANTIOU, 'ANAGKAZWMEQA
KAI PERI= "HMWN-'AUTWN "OMOLOGEIN, "O$4 'AN4 'EKEINOI$ "OTI2
<P 472D>
"OMOIOTATO$ 'HI, THN 'EKEINH$ MOIRAN "OMOIOTATHN "EXEIN, 'ALL'
'OU TOUTOU "ENEKA, "IN' 'APODEIXWMEN "W$ DUNATA TAUTA GIGNESQAI.
TOUTO MEN, 'EFH, 'ALHQE$ LEGEI$.
'OIEI 'AN4 'OUN "HTTON TI 'AGAQON ZWGRAFON 'EINAI "O$4 'AN4
GRAYA$ PARADEIGMA "OION 'AN4 'EIH "O KALLISTO$ 'ANQRWPO$ KAI
PANTA 'EI$ TO GRAMMA "IKANW$ 'APODOU$ MH 'ECHI5 'APODEIXAI0 "W$
KAI DUNATON GENESQAI TOIOUTON 'ANDRA:
MA DI=' 'OUK 'EGWG', 'EFH.
TI= 'OUN: 'OU-KAI "HMEI$, FAMEN, PARADEIGMA 'EPOIOUMEN
<P 472E>
LOGWI 'AGAQH$ POLEW$:
PANU GE.
"HTTON TI 'OUN 'OIEI "HMA$ 'EU LEGEIN TOUTOU "ENEKA, 'EA=N MH
'ECWMEN 'APODEIXAI0 "W$ DUNATON "OUTW POLIN 'OIKHSAI0 "W$ 'ELEGETO:
'OU-DHTA, 'EFH.
TO MEN-TOINUN 'ALHQE$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OUTW; 'EI DE-DH-KAI
TOUTO PROQUMHQHNAI DEI SHN CARIN, 'APODEIXAI0 PH*I MALISTA
KAI KATA TI= DUNATWTAT' 'AN4 'EIH, PALIN MOI PRO$ THN TOIAUTHN
'APODEIXIN TA 'AUTA DIOMOLOGHSAI2.
TA POI*A:


<P 473A>
'A*R' "OION-TE TI PRACQHNAI "W$ LEGETAI, 'H= FUSIN 'ECEI0
PRAXIN LEXEW$ "HTTON 'ALHQEIA$ 'EFAPTESQAI, 'KAN4 'EI MH TWI
DOKEI0: 'ALLA= SU POTERON "OMOLOGEI$ "OUTW$ 'H= 'OU=:
"OMOLOGW0, 'EFH.
TOUTO MEN-DH MH 'ANAGKAZE ME, "OI*A TW*I LOGWI DIHLQOMEN,
TOIAUTA PANTAPASI KAI TW*I 'ERGWI DEIN GIGNOMENA 'AN74
'APOFAINEIN; 'ALL', 'EA=N "OIOI-TE-GENWMEQA "EUREIN "W$ 'AN4
'EGGUTATA TWN 'EIRHMENWN POLI$ 'OIKHSEIEN, FANAI "HMA$
<P 473B>
'EXHURHKENAI "W$ DUNATA TAUTA GIGNESQAI "A SU 'EPITATTEI$. 'H=
'OUK 'AGAPHSEI$ TOUTWN TUGCANWN: 'EGW MEN-GAR 'AN4 'AGAPWIHN.
KAI-GAR 'EGW, 'EFH.
TO DE-DH META TOUTO, "W$ 'EOIKE0, PEIRWMEQA2 ZHTEIN TE-KAI
'APODEIKNUNAI TI= POTE NU*N KAKW$ 'EN TAI$ POLESI PRATTETAI
DI' "O= 'OUC "OUTW$ 'OIKOUNTAI, KAI TI=NO$ 'AN4 SMIKROTATOU METABALONTO$
'ELQOI 'EI$ TOUTON TON TROPON TH$ POLITEIA$ POLI$,
MALISTA MEN "ENO$, 'EI DE MH, DUOIN, 'EI DE MH, "OTI2 'OLIGISTWN
TON 'ARIQMON KAI SMIKROTATWN THN DUNAMIN.
<P 473C>
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
"ENO$ MEN-TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, METABALONTO$ DOKOUMEN MOI
'ECEIN DEIXAI0 "OTI4 METAPESOI 'AN4, 'OU-MENTOI SMIKROU GE-'OUDE
"RA\DIOU, DUNATOU DE.
TI=NO$: 'EFH.
'EP' 'AUTWI DH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EIMI "O= TW*I MEGISTWI PROSHIKAZOMEN
KUMATI. 'EIRHSETAI D'-'OUN, 'EI KAI MELLEI0 GELWTI TE 'ATECNW$
"WSPER KUMA 'EKGELWN KAI 'ADOXIA\ KATAKLUSEIN. SKOPEI5 DE
"O= MELLW0 LEGEIN.
LEGE, 'EFH.
'EA=N MH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'H= "OI FILOSOFOI BASILEUSWSIN 'EN
<P 473D>
TAI$ POLESIN 'H= "OI BASILH$ TE NU*N LEGOMENOI KAI DUNASTAI
FILOSOFHSWSI GNHSIW$ TE-KAI "IKANW$, KAI TOUTO 'EI$ 'TAUTON
SUMPESHI6, DUNAMI$ TE POLITIKH KAI FILOSOFIA, TWN DE
NU*N POREUOMENWN CWRI$ 'EF' "EKATERON "AI POLLAI FUSEI$ 'EX
'ANAGKH$ 'APOKLEISQWSIN, 'OUK 'ESTI KAKWN PAULA, 'W* FILE
GLAUKWN, TAI$ POLESI, DOKW0 D'-'OUDE TW*I 'ANQRWPINWI GENEI,
<P 473E>
'OUDE "AU=TH "H POLITEIA MH POTE PROTERON FUHI6 TE 'EI$ TO
DUNATON KAI FW$ "HLIOU 'IDHI6, "HN NU*N LOGWI DIELHLUQAMEN.
'ALLA= TOUTO 'ESTIN "O= 'EMOI4 PALAI 'OKNON 'ENTIQHSI LEGEIN,
"ORWNTI "W$ POLU PARA DOXAN "RHQHSETAI; CALEPON GAR 'IDEIN
"OTI4 'OUK 'AN4 'ALLH TI$ 'EUDAIMONHSEIEN 'OUTE 'IDIA\ 'OUTE DHMOSIA\.
KAI "O$6, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EFH, TOIOUTON 'EKBEBLHKA$ "RHMA
TE-KAI LOGON, "ON 'EIPWN "HGOU 'EPI SE PANU POLLOU$ TE-KAI


<P 474A>
'OU FAULOU$ NU*N "OUTW$, "OION "RIYANTA$ TA "IMATIA, GUMNOU$
LABONTA$ "OTI2 "EKASTWI PARETUCEN "OPLON, QEIN DIATETAMENOU$
"W$ QAUMA=SIA 'ERGASOMENOU$; "OU$ 'EI MH 'AMUNHI2 TW*I LOGWI KAI
'EKFEUXHI2, TW*I-'ONTI TWQAZOMENO$ DWSEI$ DIKHN.
'OUKOU*N SU MOI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TOUTWN 'AITIO$:
KALW$ G', 'EFH, 'EGW POIW*N. 'ALLA=-TOI SE 'OU PRODWSW2,
'ALL' 'AMUNW2 "OI$ DUNAMAI; DUNAMAI DE 'EUNOIA\ TE-KAI TW*I
PARAKELEUESQAI, KAI 'ISW$ 'AN4 'ALLOU TOU 'EMMELESTERON SOI4
<P 474B>
'APOKRINOIMHN. 'ALL' "W$ 'ECWN TOIOUTON BOHQON PEIRW5 TOI$
'APISTOUSIN4 'ENDEIXASQAI "OTI4 'ECEI0 "HI SU LEGEI$.
PEIRATEON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EPEIDH KAI SU "OUTW MEGALHN SUMMACIAN
PARECHI0. 'ANAGKAION 'OUN MOI DOKEI0, 'EI MELLOMEN
PHI 'EKFEUXESQAI "OU$ LEGEI$, DIORISASQAI PRO$ 'AUTOU$ TOU$
FILOSOFOU$ TI=NA$ LEGONTE$ TOLMWMEN0 FANAI DEIN 'ARCEIN,
"INA DIADHLWN GENOMENWN DUNHTAI TI$ 'AMUNESQAI, 'ENDEIKNUMENO$
<P 474C>
"OTI4 TOI$ MEN PROSHKEI0 FUSEI "APTESQAI TE FILOSOFIA$
"HGEMONEUEIN T' 'EN POLEI, TOI$ D' 'ALLOI$ MHTE "APTESQAI
'AKOLOUQEIN TE TW*I "HGOUMENWI.
"WRA 'AN4 'EIH, 'EFH, "ORIZESQAI.
'IQI DH, 'AKOLOUQHSON2 MOI THIDE, 'EA=N 'AUTO "AMHI GE PHI
"IKANW$ 'EXHGHSWMEQA.
'AGE, 'EFH.
'ANAMIMNHISKEIN 'OUN SE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DEHSEI2, 'H= MEMNHSAI
"OTI4 "ON 'AN4 FWMEN FILEIN TI, DEI FANHNAI 'AUTON, 'EA=N 'ORQW$
LEGHTAI, 'OU TO MEN FILOUNTA 'EKEINOU, TO DE MH, 'ALLA= PAN
STERGONTA:
<P 474D>
'ANAMIMNHISKEIN, 'EFH, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, DEI; 'OU-GAR PANU GE
'ENNOW0.
'ALLWI 'EIPON, 'EPREPEN, 'W* GLAUKWN, LEGEIN "A LEGEI$;
'ANDRI D' 'ERWTIKWI 'OU PREPEI0 'AMNHMONEIN "OTI4 PANTE$ "OI 'EN
"WRA\ TON FILOPAIDA KAI 'ERWTIKON "AMHI GE PHI DAKNOUSI0 TE-KAI
KINOUSI0, DOKOUNTE$ 'AXIOI 'EINAI 'EPIMELEIA$ TE-KAI TOU*
'ASPAZESQAI. 'H= 'OUC "OUTW POIEITE0 PRO$ TOU$ KALOU$: "O
MEN, "OTI4 SIMO$, 'EPICARI$ KLHQEI$ 'EPAINEQHSETAI "UF' "UMWN,
TOU* DE TO GRUPON BASILIKON FATE0 'EINAI, TON DE-DH DIA=
<P 474E>
MESOU TOUTWN 'EMMETRWTATA 'ECEIN, MELANA$ DE 'ANDRIKOU$
'IDEIN, LEUKOU$ DE QEWN PAIDA$ 'EINAI; MELICLWROU$ DE-KAI
'TOUNOMA 'OIEI TINO$ 'ALLOU POIHMA 'EINAI 'H= 'ERASTOU "UPOKORIZOMENOU
TE-KAI 'EUCERW$ FERONTO$ THN 'WCROTHTA, 'EA=N 'EPI
"WRA\ 'HI: KAI "ENI LOGWI PASA$ PROFASEI$ PROFASIZESQE0 TE-KAI


<P 475A>
PASA$ FWNA$ 'AFIETE0, "WSTE MHDENA 'APOBALLEIN TWN
'ANQOUNTWN0 'EN "WRA\.
'EI BOULEI, 'EFH, 'EP' 'EMOU4 LEGEIN PERI= TWN 'ERWTIKWN "OTI4
"OUTW POIOUSI0, SUGCWRW0 TOU* LOGOU CARIN.
TI= DE: 'H*N-D'-'EGW; TOU$ FILOINOU$ 'OU TA 'AUTA TAUTA
POIOUNTA$ "ORA*I$0: PANTA 'OINON 'EPI PASH$ PROFASEW$
'ASPAZOMENOU$:
KAI MALA.
KAI-MHN FILOTIMOU$ GE, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, KAQORA*I$0 "OTI4, 'AN2 MH
STRATHGHSAI0 DUNWNTAI, TRITTUARCOUSIN0, 'KAN2 MH "UPO MEIZONWN
<P 475B>
KAI SEMNOTERWN TIMASQAI, "UPO SMIKROTERWN KAI FAULOTERWN
TIMWMENOI 'AGAPWSIN0, "W$ "OLW$ TIMH$ 'EPIQUMHTAI 'ONTE$.
KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN.
TOUTO DH FAQI 'H= MH; 'A*RA "ON 'AN4 TINO$ 'EPIQUMHTIKON
LEGWMEN, PANTO$ TOU* 'EIDOU$ TOUTOU FHSOMEN 'EPIQUMEIN, 'H=
TOU* MEN, TOU* DE 'OU=:
PANTO$, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N-KAI TON FILOSOFON SOFIA$ FHSOMEN 'EPIQUMHTHN
'EINAI, 'OU TH$ MEN, TH$ D' 'OU=, 'ALLA= PASH$:
'ALHQH.
TON 'A=RA PERI= TA MAQHMATA DUSCERAINONTA, 'ALLW$ TE
<P 475C>
KAI NEON 'ONTA KAI MHPW LOGON 'ECONTA TI= TE CRHSTON KAI
MH, 'OU FHSOMEN FILOMAQH 'OUDE FILOSOFON 'EINAI, "WSPER
TON PERI= TA SITIA DUSCERH 'OUTE PEINHN FAMEN 'OUT' 'EPIQUMEIN
SITIWN, 'OUDE FILOSITON 'ALLA= KAKOSITON 'EINAI.
KAI 'ORQW$ GE FHSOMEN.
TON DE-DH 'EUCERW$ 'EQELONTA PANTO$ MAQHMATO$ GEUESQAI
KAI "ASMENW$ 'EPI TO MANQANEIN 'IONTA KAI 'APLHSTW$ 'ECONTA,
TOUTON D' 'EN DIKHI FHSOMEN FILOSOFON; 'H*-GAR:
<P 475D>
KAI "O GLAUKWN 'EFH; POLLOI 'A=RA-KAI 'ATOPOI 'ESONTAI SOI4
TOIOUTOI. "OI TE-GAR FILOQEAMONE$ PANTE$ 'EMOIGE DOKOUSI0 TW*I
KATAMANQANEIN CAIRONTE$ TOIOUTOI 'EINAI, "OI TE FILHKOOI 'ATOPWTATOI
TINE$ 'EISIN "W$ G' 'EN FILOSOFOI$ TIQENAI, "OI=4 PRO$ MEN LOGOU$
KAI TOIAUTHN DIATRIBHN "EKONTE$ 'OUK 'AN4 'EQELOIEN 'ELQEIN, "WSPER
DE 'APOMEMISQWKOTE$ TA 'WTA 'EPAKOUSAI0 PANTWN CORWN PERIQEOUSI0
TOI$ DIONUSIOI$ 'OUTE TWN KATA POLEI$ 'OUTE TWN KATA KWMA$
'APOLEIPOMENOI. TOUTOU$ 'OUN PANTA$ KAI 'ALLOU$ TOIOUTWN TINWN
<P 475E>
MAQHTIKOU$ KAI TOU$ TWN TECNUDRIWN FILOSOFOU$ FHSOMEN:
'OUDAMW$, 'EIPON, 'ALL' "OMOIOU$ MEN FILOSOFOI$.
TOU$ DE 'ALHQINOU$, 'EFH, TI=NA$ LEGEI$:
TOU$ TH$ 'ALHQEIA$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, FILOQEAMONA$.
KAI TOUTO MEN-G', 'EFH, 'ORQW$; 'ALLA= PW*$ 'AUTO LEGEI$:
'OUDAMW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "RA\DIW$ PRO$ GE 'ALLON; SE DE 'OIMAI
"OMOLOGHSEIN MOI TO TOIONDE.
TO POI*ON:
'EPEIDH 'ESTIN 'ENANTION KALON 'AISCRWI, DUO 'AUTW 'EINAI.


<P 476A>
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
'OUKOU*N 'EPEIDH DUO, KAI "EN "EKATERON:
KAI TOUTO.
KAI PERI= DH DIKAIOU KAI 'ADIKOU KAI 'AGAQOU KAI KAKOU
KAI PANTWN TWN 'EIDWN PE=RI "O 'AUTO$ LOGO$, 'AUTO MEN "EN
"EKASTON 'EINAI, THI DE TWN PRAXEWN KAI SWMATWN KAI 'ALLHLWN
KOINWNIA\ PANTACOU FANTAZOMENA POLLA FAINESQAI "EKASTON.
'ORQW$, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
TAUTHI TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DIAIRW0, CWRI$ MEN "OU$ NUNDH
'ELEGE$ FILOQEAMONA$ TE-KAI FILOTECNOU$ KAI PRAKTIKOU$,
<P 476B>
KAI CWRI$ 'AU PERI= "WN "O LOGO$, "OU$ MONOU$ 'AN4 TI$ 'ORQW$
PROSEIPOI FILOSOFOU$.
PW*$, 'EFH, LEGEI$:
"OI MEN-POU, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, FILHKOOI KAI FILOQEAMONE$ TA$
TE KALA$ FWNA$ 'ASPAZONTAI KAI CROA$ KAI SCHMATA KAI
PANTA TA 'EK TWN TOIOUTWN DHMIOURGOUMENA, 'AUTOU4 DE TOU*
KALOU 'ADUNATO$ 'AUTWN "H DIANOIA THN FUSIN 'IDEIN TE-KAI
'ASPASASQAI.
'ECEI0 GAR-'OUN-DH, 'EFH, "OUTW$.
"OI DE-DH 'EP' 'AUTO TO KALON DUNATOI 'IENAI TE-KAI "ORAN
KAQ' "AUTO 'A*RA 'OU SPANIOI 'AN4 'EIEN:
<P 476C>
KAI MALA.
"O 'OUN KALA MEN PRAGMATA NOMIZWN, 'AUTO DE KALLO$
MHTE NOMIZWN MHTE, 'AN2 TI$ "HGHTAI 'EPI THN GNWSIN 'AUTOU4,
DUNAMENO$ "EPESQAI, 'ONAR 'H= "UPAR DOKEI0 SOI4 ZHN: SKOPEI5 DE.
TO 'ONEIRWTTEIN 'A*RA 'OU TODE 'ESTIN, 'EANTE 'EN "UPNWI TI$ 'EANT'
'EGRHGORW$ TO "OMOION TWI MH "OMOION 'ALL' 'AUTO "HGHTAI 'EINAI
"WI 'EOIKEN0:
'EGW GOUN 'AN4, 'H*-D'-"O$, FAIHN 'ONEIRWTTEIN TON TOIOUTON.
TI= DE: "O 'TANANTIA TOUTWN "HGOUMENO$ TE TI 'AUTO KALON
<P 476D>
KAI DUNAMENO$ KAQORAN KAI 'AUTO KAI TA 'EKEINOU METECONTA,
KAI-'OUTE TA METECONTA 'AUTO 'OUTE 'AUTO TA METECONTA
"HGOUMENO$, "UPAR 'H= 'ONAR 'AU KAI "OUTO$ DOKEI0 SOI4 ZHN:
KAI MALA, 'EFH, "UPAR.
'OUKOU*N TOUTOU MEN THN DIANOIAN "W$ GIGNWSKONTO$ GNWMHN
'AN4 'ORQW$ FAIMEN 'EINAI, TOU* DE DOXAN "W$ DOXAZONTO$:
PANU MEN-'OUN.
TI= 'OUN 'EA=N "HMIN CALEPAINHI5 "OUTO$, "ON FAMEN DOXAZEIN
'ALL' 'OU GIGNWSKEIN, KAI 'AMFISBHTHI5 "W$ 'OUK 'ALHQH LEGOMEN:
<P 476E>
"EXOMEN TI PARAMUQEISQAI 'AUTON KAI PEIQEIN 'HREMA, 'EPIKRUPTOMENOI
"OTI4 'OUC "UGIAINEI0:
DEI GE-TOI-DH, 'EFH.
'IQI DH, SKOPEI5 TI= 'EROUMEN2 PRO$ 'AUTON. 'H= BOULEI "WDE
PUNQANWMEQA PAR' 'AUTOU4, LEGONTE$ "W$ 'EI TI 'OIDEN 'OUDEI$
'AUTWI FQONO$, 'ALL' "ASMENOI 'AN4 'IDOIMEN 'EIDOTA TI. 'ALL'
"HMIN 'EIPE= TODE; "O GIGNWSKWN GIGNWSKEI0 TI 'H= 'OUDEN: SU 'OUN
MOI "UPER 'EKEINOU 'APOKRINOU.
'APOKRINOUMAI, 'EFH, "OTI4 GIGNWSKEI0 TI.
POTERON 'ON 'H= 'OUK 'ON:


<P 477A>
'ON; PW*$ GAR 'AN4 MH 'ON GE TI GNWSQEIH:
"IKANW$ 'OUN TOUTO 'ECOMEN, 'KAN4 'EI PLEONACHI SKOPOIMEN,
"OTI4 TO MEN PANTELW$ 'ON PANTELW$ GNWSTON, MH 'ON DE
MHDAMHI PANTHI 'AGNWSTON:
"IKANWTATA.
'EIEN; 'EI DE-DH TI "OUTW$ 'ECEI0 "W$ 'EINAI TE-KAI MH 'EINAI, 'OU
METAXU 'AN4 KEOITO TOU* 'EILIKRINW$ 'ONTO$ KAI TOU* 'AU MHDAMHI 'ONTO$:
METAXU.
'OUKOU*N 'EPI MEN TW*I 'ONTI GNWSI$ 'H*N, 'AGNWSIA D' 'EX 'ANAGKH$
'EPI MH 'ONTI, 'EPI DE TW*I METAXU TOUTWI METAXU TI KAI ZHTHTEON
<P 477B>
'AGNOIA$ TE-KAI 'EPISTHMH$, 'EI TI TUGCANEI0 'ON TOIOUTON:
PANU MEN-'OUN.
'A*R'-'OUN LEGOMEN TI DOXAN 'EINAI:
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
POTERON 'ALLHN DUNAMIN 'EPISTHMH$ 'H= THN 'AUTHN:
'ALLHN.
'EP' 'ALLWI 'A=RA TETAKTAI DOXA KAI 'EP' 'ALLWI 'EPISTHMH,
KATA THN DUNAMIN "EKATE=RA THN "AUTH$.
"OUTW.
'OUKOU*N 'EPISTHMH MEN 'EPI TW*I 'ONTI PEFUKE0, GNWNAI0 "W$
'ESTI TO 'ON: MALLON DE "WDE MOI DOKEI0 PROTERON 'ANAGKAION
'EINAI DIELESQAI.
PW*$:
<P 477C>
FHSOMEN DUNAMEI$ 'EINAI GENO$ TI TWN 'ONTWN0, "AI$ DH-KAI
"HMEI$ DUNAMEQA "A DUNAMEQA KAI 'ALLO PAN "OTI2 PER 'AN4 DUNHTAI,
"OION LEGW0 'OYIN KAI 'AKOHN TWN DUNAMEWN 'EINAI, 'EI 'A=RA
MANQANEI$ "O= BOULOMAI LEGEIN TO 'EIDO$.
'ALLA= MANQANW0, 'EFH.
'AKOUSON2 DH "O= MOI FAINETAI PERI= 'AUTWN. DUNAMEW$ GAR
'EGW 'OUTE TINA CROAN "ORW0 'OUTE SCHMA 'OUTE TI TWN TOIOUTWN
"OION KAI 'ALLWN POLLWN, PRO$ "A 'APOBLEPWN 'ENIA DIORIZOMAI
PAR' 'EMAUTWI TA MEN 'A=LLA 'EINAI, TA DE 'A=LLA. DUNAMEW$
<P 477D>
D' 'EI$ 'EKEINO MONON BLEPW0 'EF' "WI TE 'ESTI KAI "O= 'APERGAZETAI,
KAI TAUTHI "EKASTHN 'AUTWN DUNAMIN 'EKALESA, KAI THN MEN
'EPI TW*I 'AUTWI TETAGMENHN KAI TO 'AUTO 'APERGAZOMENHN THN
'AUTHN KALW0, THN DE 'EPI "ETERWI KAI "ETERON 'APERGAZOMENHN
'ALLHN. TI= DE SU: PW*$ POIEI$:
"OUTW$, 'EFH.
DEURO DH PALIN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* 'ARISTE. 'EPISTHMHN POTERON
DUNAMIN TINA FH=I$ 'EINAI 'AUTHN, 'H= 'EI$ TI= GENO$ TIQEI*$:
'EI$ TOUTO, 'EFH, PASWN GE DUNAMEWN 'ERRWMENESTATHN.
<P 477E>
TI= DE, DOXAN 'EI$ DUNAMIN 'H= 'EI$ 'ALLO 'EIDO$ 'OISOMEN:
'OUDAMW$, 'EFH; "WI GAR DOXAZEIN DUNAMEQA, 'OUK 'ALLO TI
'H= DOXA 'ESTIN.
'ALLA=-MEN-DH 'OLIGON GE PROTERON "WMOLOGEI$ MH TO 'AUTO
'EINAI 'EPISTHMHN TE-KAI DOXAN.
PW*$ GAR 'AN4, 'EFH, TO GE 'ANAMARTHTON TW*I MH 'ANAMARTHTWI
'TAUTON TI$ NOUN 'ECWN TIQEIH:
KALW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI DHLON "OTI4 "ETERON 'EPISTHMH$ DOXA


<P 478A>
"OMOLOGEITAI "HMIN.
"ETERON.
'EF' "ETERWI 'A=RA "ETERON TI DUNAMENH "EKATE=RA 'AUTWN
PEFUKEN0:
'ANAGKH.
'EPISTHMH MEN-GE-POU 'EPI TW*I 'ONTI, TO 'ON GNWNAI0 "W$ 'ECEI0:
NAI.
DOXA DE, FAMEN, DOXAZEIN:
NAI.
'H* 'TAUTON "OPER 'EPISTHMH GIGNWSKEI0: KAI 'ESTAI GNWSTON
TE-KAI DOXASTON TO 'AUTO: 'H= 'ADUNATON:
'ADUNATON, 'EFH, 'EK TWN "WMOLOGHMENWN; 'EIPER 'EP' 'ALLWI
'ALLH DUNAMI$ PEFUKEN0, DUNAMEI$ DE 'AMFOTERAI 'ESTON0, DOXA TE-KAI
<P 478B>
'EPISTHMH, 'ALLH DE "EKATE=RA, "W$ FAMEN, 'EK TOUTWN DH 'OUK
'EGCWREI0 GNWSTON KAI DOXASTON 'TAUTON 'EINAI.
'OUKOU*N 'EI TO 'ON GNWSTON, 'ALLO TI 'AN4 DOXASTON 'H= TO
'ON 'EIH:
'ALLO.
'A*R'-'OUN TO MH 'ON DOXAZEI0: 'H= 'ADUNATON KAI DOXASAI0 TO GE
MH 'ON: 'ENNOEI5 DE. 'OUC "O DOXAZWN 'EPI TI FEREI0 THN DOXAN:
'H= "OION-TE 'AU DOXAZEIN MEN, DOXAZEIN DE MHDEN:
'ADUNATON.
'ALL' "EN GE TI DOXAZEI0 "O DOXAZWN:
NAI.
'ALLA=-MHN MH 'ON GE 'OUC "EN TI 'ALLA= MHDEN 'ORQOTAT' 'AN4
<P 478C>
PROSAGOREUOITO:
PANU GE.
MH 'ONTI MHN 'AGNOIAN 'EX 'ANAGKH$ 'APEDOMEN, 'ONTI DE
GNWSIN:
'ORQW$, 'EFH.
'OUK-'A=RA 'ON 'OUDE MH 'ON DOXAZEI0:
'OU-GAR.
'OUTE-'A=RA 'AGNOIA 'OUTE GNWSI$ DOXA 'AN4 'EIH:
'OUK 'EOIKEN0.
'A*R'-'OUN 'EKTO$ TOUTWN 'ESTIN, "UPERBAINOUSA 'H= GNWSIN
SAFHNEIA\ 'H= 'AGNOIAN 'ASAFEIA\:
'OUDE=TERA.
'ALL'-'A*RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, GNWSEW$ MEN SOI4 FAINETAI DOXA
SKOTWDESTERON, 'AGNOIA$ DE FANOTERON:
KAI POLU GE, 'EFH.
<P 478D>
'ENTO$ D' 'AMFOIN KEITAI:
NAI.
METAXU 'A=RA 'AN4 'EIH TOUTOIN DOXA.
KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN.
'OUKOU*N 'EFAMEN 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN, 'EI TI FANEIH "OION "AMA
'ON TE-KAI MH 'ON, TO TOIOUTON METAXU KEISQAI TOU* 'EILIKRINW$
'ONTO$ TE-KAI TOU* PANTW$ MH 'ONTO$, KAI-'OUTE 'EPISTHMHN 'OUTE
'AGNOIAN 'EP' 'AUTWI 'ESESQAI, 'ALLA= TO METAXU 'AU FANEN 'AGNOIA$
KAI 'EPISTHMH$:
'ORQW$.
NU*N DE-GE PEFANTAI METAXU TOUTOIN "O= DH KALOUMEN0 DOXAN:
PEFANTAI.
<P 478E>
'EKEINO DH LEIPOIT' 'AN4 "HMIN "EUREIN, "W$ 'EOIKE0, TO 'AMFOTERWN
METECON, TOU* 'EINAI TE-KAI MH 'EINAI, KAI 'OUDETERON 'EILIKRINE$
'ORQW$ 'AN4 PROSAGOREUOMENON, "INA, 'EA=N FANHI, DOXASTON
'AUTO 'EINAI 'EN DIKHI PROSAGOREUWMEN, TOI$ MEN 'AKROI$ TA 'AKRA,
TOI$ DE METAXU TA METAXU 'APODIDONTE$. 'H= 'OUC "OUTW$:
"OUTW.
TOUTWN DH "UPOKEIMENWN LEGETW MOI, FHSW2, KAI 'APOKRINESQW


<P 479A>
"O CRHSTO$ "O$4 'AUTO MEN KALON KAI 'IDEAN TINA 'AUTOU4
KALLOU$ MHDEMIAN "HGEITAI 'AEI MEN KATA 'TAUTA "WSAUTW$
'ECOUSAN, POLLA DE TA KALA NOMIZEI0, 'EKEINO$ "O FILOQEAMWN
KAI 'OUDAMHI 'ANECOMENO$ 'AN2 TI$ "EN TO KALON FHI5 'EINAI KAI
DIKAION KAI 'TALLA "OUTW. TOUTWN GAR-DH, 'W* 'ARISTE, FHSOMEN,
TWN POLLWN KALWN MWN TI 'ESTIN "O= 'OUK 'AISCRON
FANHSETAI: KAI TWN DIKAIWN, "O= 'OUK 'ADIKON: KAI TWN "OSIWN,
"O= 'OUK 'ANOSION:
<P 479B>
'OU=K, 'ALL' 'ANAGKH, 'EFH, KAI KALA PW$ 'AUTA KAI 'AISCRA
FANHNAI, KAI "OSA 'A=LLA 'ERWTA*I$0.
TI= DE TA POLLA DIPLA=SIA: "HTTON TI "HMISEA 'H= DIPLA=SIA
FAINETAI:
'OUDEN.
KAI MEGALA DH-KAI SMIKRA KAI KOUFA KAI BAREA MH TI
MALLON "A 'AN4 FHSWMEN, TAUTA PROSRHQHSETAI 'H= 'TANANTIA:
'OU=K, 'ALL' 'AEI, 'EFH, "EKASTON 'AMFOTERWN "EXETAI.
POTERON 'OUN 'ESTI MALLON 'H= 'OUK 'ESTIN "EKASTON TWN
POLLWN TOUTO "O= 'AN4 TI$ FHI5 'AUTO 'EINAI:
TOI$ 'EN TAI$ "ESTIASESIN, 'EFH, 'EPAMFOTERIZOUSIN4 'EOIKEN0,
<P 479C>
KAI TW*I TWN PAIDWN 'AINIGMATI TW*I PERI= TOU* 'EUNOUCOU, TH$
BOLH$ PE=RI TH$ NUKTERIDO$, "WI KAI 'EF' "OU2 'AUTON 'AUTHN 'AINITTONTAI
BALEIN2; KAI-GAR TAUTA 'EPAMFOTERIZEIN, KAI-'OUT'
'EINAI 'OUTE MH 'EINAI 'OUDEN 'AUTWN DUNATON PAGIW$ NOHSAI0,
'OUTE 'AMFO=TERA 'OUTE 'OUDETERON.
'ECEI$ 'OUN 'AUTOI$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OTI2 CRHSHI2, 'H= "OPOI QHSEI$
KALLIW QESIN TH$ METAXU 'OUSIA$ TE-KAI TOU* MH 'EINAI: 'OUTE-GAR-POU
SKOTWDE=STERA MH 'ONTO$ PRO$ TO MALLON MH 'EINAI
<P 479D>
FANHSETAI, 'OUTE FANO=TERA 'ONTO$ PRO$ TO MALLON 'EINAI.
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH.
"HURHKAMEN 'A=RA, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "OTI4 TA TWN POLLWN POLLA
NOMIMA KALOU TE PE=RI KAI TWN 'ALLWN METAXU POU KULINDEITAI
TOU* TE MH 'ONTO$ KAI TOU* 'ONTO$ 'EILIKRINW$.
"HURHKAMEN.
PROWMOLOGHSAMEN DE-GE, 'EI TI TOIOUTON FANEIH, DOXASTON
'AUTO 'ALL' 'OU GNWSTON DEIN LEGESQAI, THI METAXU DUNAMEI TO
METAXU PLANHTON "ALISKOMENON.
"WMOLOGHKAMEN.
<P 479E>
TOU$ 'A=RA POLLA KALA QEWMENOU$, 'AUTO DE TO KALON MH
"ORWNTA$ MHD' 'ALLWI 'EP' 'AUTO 'AGONTI DUNAMENOU$ "EPESQAI,
KAI POLLA DI=KAIA, 'AUTO DE TO DIKAION MH, KAI PANTA "OUTW,
DOXAZEIN FHSOMEN "APANTA, GIGNWSKEIN DE "WN DOXAZOUSIN0
'OUDEN.
'ANAGKH, 'EFH.
TI= DE 'AU TOU$ 'AUTA "EKASTA QEWMENOU$ KAI 'AEI KATA 'TAUTA
"WSAUTW$ 'ONTA: 'A*R' 'OU GIGNWSKEIN 'ALL' 'OU DOXAZEIN:
'ANAGKH KAI TAUTA.
'OUKOU*N-KAI 'ASPAZESQAI TE-KAI FILEIN TOUTOU$ MEN TAUTA


<P 480A>
FHSOMEN 'EF' "OI$ GNWSI$ 'ESTIN, 'EKEINOU$ DE 'EF' "OI$ DOXA: 'H=
'OU MNHMONEUOMEN "OTI4 FWNA$ TE-KAI CROA$ KALA$ KAI TA
TOIAUT' 'EFAMEN TOUTOU$ FILEIN TE-KAI QEASQAI, 'AUTO DE TO
KALON 'OUD' 'ANECESQAI "W$ TI 'ON:
MEMNHMEQA.
MH-'OUN TI PLHMMELHSOMEN FILODOXOU$ KALOUNTE$0 'AUTOU$
MALLON 'H= FILOSOFOU$: KAI-'A*RA "HMIN SFODRA CALEPANOUSIN2
'AN2 "OUTW LEGWMEN:
'OU=K, 'AN2 GE MOI PEIQWNTAI, 'EFH; TW*I GAR 'ALHQEI CALEPAINEIN
'OU QEMI$.
TOU$ 'AUTO 'A=RA "EKASTON TO 'ON 'ASPAZOMENOU$ FILOSOFOU$
'ALL' 'OU FILODOXOU$ KLHTEON:
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.


<B REP6>


<P 484A>
"OI MEN-DH FILOSOFOI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* GLAUKWN, KAI "OI MH
DIA= MAKROU TINO$ DIEXELQONTE$ LOGOU MOGI$ PW$ 'ANEFANHSAN
"OI=4 'EISIN "EKATEROI.
'ISW$ GAR, 'EFH, DIA= BRACEO$ 'OU "RA\DION.
'OU FAINETAI, 'EIPON; 'EMOI4 GOUN 'ETI DOKEI0 'AN4 BELTIONW$
FANHNAI 'EI PERI= TOUTOU MONOU 'EDEI "RHQHNAI, KAI MH POLLA
TA LOIPA DIELQEIN MELLONTI KATOYESQAI TI= DIAFEREI0 BIO$
<P 484B>
DIKAIO$ 'ADIKOU.
TI= 'OUN, 'EFH, TO META TOUTO "HMIN:
TI= D' 'ALLO, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'H= TO "EXH$: 'EPEIDH FILOSOFOI
MEN "OI TOU* 'AEI KATA 'TAUTA "WSAUTW$ 'ECONTO$ DUNAMENOI
'EFAPTESQAI, "OI DE MH 'ALL' 'EN POLLOI$ KAI PANTOIW$ 'ISCOUSIN4
PLANWMENOI 'OU FILOSOFOI, POTEROU$ DH DEI POLEW$ "HGEMONA$
'EINAI:
PW*$ 'OUN LEGONTE$ 'AN4 'AUTO, 'EFH, METRIW$ LEGOIMEN:
"OPOTEROI 'AN4, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DUNATOI FAINWNTAI FULAXAI0
NOMOU$ TE-KAI 'EPITHDEUMATA POLEWN, TOUTOU$ KAQISTANAI
<P 484C>
FULAKA$.
'ORQW$, 'EFH.
TODE DE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'A*RA DHLON, 'EI=TE TUFLON 'EI=TE 'OXU
"ORWNTA CRH FULAKA THREIN "OTIOUN:
KAI PW*$, 'EFH, 'OU DHLON:
'H*-'OUN DOKOUSI0 TI TUFLWN DIAFEREIN "OI TW*I-'ONTI TOU* 'ONTO$
"EKASTOU 'ESTERHMENOI TH$ GNWSEW$, KAI MHDEN 'ENARGE$ 'EN THI
YUCHI 'ECONTE$ PARADEIGMA, MHDE DUNAMENOI "WSPER GRAFH$
'EI$ TO 'ALHQESTATON 'APOBLEPONTE$ 'KAKEISE 'AEI 'ANAFERONTE$ TE-KAI
<P 484D>
QEWMENOI "W$ "OION-TE 'AKRIBESTATA, "OUTW DH-KAI TA 'ENQADE
NOMIMA KALWN TE PE=RI KAI DIKAIWN KAI 'AGAQWN TIQESQAI
TE, 'EA=N DEHI5 TIQESQAI, KAI TA KEIMENA FULATTONTE$ SWIZEIN:
'OU MA TON DI=A, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'OU POLU TI DIAFEREI0.
TOUTOU$ 'OUN MALLON FULAKA$ STHSOMEQA 'H= TOU$ 'EGNWKOTA$
MEN "EKASTON TO 'ON, 'EMPEIRIA\ DE MHDEN 'EKEINWN 'ELLEIPONTA$
MHD' 'EN 'ALLWI MHDENI MEREI 'ARETH$ "USTEROUNTA$:
'ATOPON 'MENTAN4, 'EFH, 'EIH 'ALLOU$ "AIREISQAI, 'EI GE 'TALLA
MH 'ELLEIPOINTO; TOUTWI GAR 'AUTWI SCEDON TI TW*I MEGISTWI 'AN4
PROECOIEN.


<P 485A>
'OUKOU*N TOUTO DH LEGWMEN, TI=NA TROPON "OIOI-T'-'ESONTAI
"OI 'AUTOI 'KAKEINA KAI TAUTA 'ECEIN:
PANU MEN-'OUN.
"O= TOINUN 'ARCOMENOI TOUTOU TOU* LOGOU 'ELEGOMEN, THN
FUSIN 'AUTWN PRWTON DEI KATAMAQEIN; KAI 'OIMAI, 'EA=N 'EKEINHN
"IKANW$ "OMOLOGHSWMEN, "OMOLOGHSEIN KAI "OTI4 "OIOI-TE TAUTA
'ECEIN "OI 'AUTOI, "OTI4 TE 'OUK 'ALLOU$ POLEWN "HGEMONA$ DEI
'EINAI 'H= TOUTOU$.
PW*$:
TOUTO MEN-DH TWN FILOSOFWN FUSEWN PE=RI "WMOLOGHSQW
<P 485B>
"HMIN "OTI4 MAQHMATO$ GE 'AEI 'ERWSIN0 "O= 'AN4 'AUTOI$ DHLOI2 'EKEINH$
TH$ 'OUSIA$ TH$ 'AEI 'OUSH$ KAI MH PLANWMENH$ "UPO GENESEW$
KAI FQORA$.
"WMOLOGHSQW.
KAI-MHN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI "OTI4 PASH$ 'AUTH$, KAI-'OUTE
SMIKROU 'OUTE MEIZONO$ 'OUTE TIMIWTEROU 'OUTE 'ATIMOTEROU MEROU$
"EKONTE$ 'AFIENTAI, "WSPER 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN PERI= TE TWN
FILOTIMWN KAI 'ERWTIKWN DIHLQOMEN.
'ORQW$, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
TODE TOINUN META TOUTO SKOPEI5 'EI 'ANAGKH 'ECEIN PRO$
<P 485C>
TOUTWI 'EN THI FUSEI "OI=4 'AN4 MELLWSIN 'ESESQAI "OIOU$ 'ELEGOMEN.
TO POI*ON:
THN 'AYEUDEIAN KAI TO "EKONTA$ 'EINAI MHDAMHI PROSDECESQAI
TO YEUDO$ 'ALLA= MISEIN, THN D' 'ALHQEIAN STERGEIN.
'EIKO$ G', 'EFH.
'OU MONON GE, 'W* FILE, 'EIKO$, 'ALLA=-KAI PASA 'ANAGKH TON
'ERWTIKW$ TOU FUSEI 'ECONTA PAN TO SUGGENE$ TE-KAI 'OIKEION
TWN PAIDIKWN 'AGAPAN.
'ORQW$, 'EFH.
'H*-'OUN 'OIKEIOTERON SOFIA\ TI 'ALHQEIA$ 'AN4 "EUROI$:
KAI PW*$: 'H*-D'-"O$.
'H*-'OUN DUNATON 'EINAI THN 'AUTHN FUSIN FILOSOFON TE-KAI
<P 485D>
FILOYEUDH:
'OUDAMW$ GE.
TON 'A=RA TW*I-'ONTI FILOMAQH PASH$ 'ALHQEIA$ DEI 'EUQU$ 'EK
NEOU "OTI2 MALISTA 'OREGESQAI.
PANTELW$ GE.
'ALLA=-MHN "OTWI GE 'EI$ "EN TI "AI 'EPIQUMIAI SFO=DRA "REPOUSIN0,
'ISMEN POU "OTI4 'EI$ 'TALLA TOUTWI 'ASQENESTERAI, "WSPER
"REUMA 'EKEISE 'APWCETEUMENON.
TI= MHN:
"WI DH PRO$ TA MAQHMATA KAI PAN TO TOIOUTON 'ERRUHKASIN,
PERI= THN TH$ YUCH$ 'OIMAI "HDONHN 'AUTH$ KAQ' "AUTHN 'EIEN 'AN4,
TA$ DE DIA= TOU* SWMATO$ 'EKLEIPOIEN, 'EI MH PEPLASMENW$ 'ALL'
<P 485E>
'ALHQW$ FILOSOFO$ TI$ 'EIH.
MEGALH 'ANAGKH.
SWFRWN MHN "O GE TOIOUTO$ KAI 'OUDAMHI FILOCRHMATO$;
"WN GAR "ENEKA CRHMATA META POLLH$ DAPANH$ SPOUDAZETAI,
'ALLWI TINI MALLON 'H= TOUTWI PROSHKEI0 SPOUDAZEIN.
"OUTW.


<P 486A>
KAI-MHN-POU-KAI TODE DEI SKOPEIN, "OTAN KRINEIN0 MELLHI$
FUSIN FILOSOFON TE-KAI MH.
TO POI*ON:
MH SE LAQHI6 METECOUSA 'ANELEUQERIA$; 'ENANTIWTATON GAR-POU
SMIKROLOGIA YUCHI MELLOUSHI TOU* "OLOU KAI PANTO$ 'AEI
'EPOREXESQAI QEIOU TE-KAI 'ANQRWPINOU.
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH.
"HI 'OUN "UPARCEI0 DIANOIA\ MEGALOPREPEIA KAI QEWRIA PANTO$
MEN CRONOU, PASH$ DE 'OUSIA$, "OION-TE 'OIEI TOUTWI MEGA TI
DOKEIN 'EINAI TON 'ANQRWPINON BION:
'ADUNATON, 'H*-D'-"O$.
<P 486B>
'OUKOU*N-KAI QANATON 'OU DEINON TI "HGHSETAI "O TOIOUTO$:
"HKISTA GE.
DEILHI DH-KAI 'ANELEUQERWI FUSEI FILOSOFIA$ 'ALHQINH$, "W$
'EOIKEN0, 'OUK 'AN4 METEIH.
'OU MOI DOKEI0.
TI= 'OUN: "O KOSMIO$ KAI MH FILOCRHMATO$ MHD' 'ANELEUQERO$
MHD' 'ALAZWN MHDE DEILO$ 'ESQ' "OPHI 'AN4 DUSSUMBOLO$ 'H= 'ADIKO$
GENOITO:
'OUK 'ESTIN.
KAI TOUTO DH YUCHN SKOPWN FILOSOFON KAI MH 'EUQU$
NEOU 'ONTO$ 'EPISKEYHI2, 'EI 'A=RA DIKAI=A TE-KAI "HMERO$ 'H= DUSKOINWNHTO$
KAI 'AGRI=A.
PANU MEN-'OUN.
<P 486C>
'OU-MHN-'OUDE TODE PARALEIYEI$, "W$ 'EGWIMAI.
TO POI*ON:
'EUMAQH$ 'H= DUSMAQH$. 'H= PROSDOKA*I$0 POTE TINA TI "IKANW$
'AN4 STERXAI0, "O= PRATTWN 'AN4 'ALGWN TE PRATTOI KAI MOGI$
SMIKRON 'ANUTWN:
'OUK 'AN4 GENOITO.
TI= D' 'EI MHDEN "WN MAQOI SWIZEIN DUNAITO, LHQH$ 'WN PLEW$:
'A*R' 'AN4 "OIO$-T'-'EIH 'EPISTHMH$ MH KENO$ 'EINAI:
KAI PW*$:
'ANONHTA DH PONWN 'OUK 'OIEI 'ANAGKASQHSETAI TELEUTWN
"AUTON TE MISEIN KAI THN TOIAUTHN PRAXIN:
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
<P 486D>
'EPILHSMONA 'A=RA YUCHN 'EN TAI$ "IKANW$ FILOSOFOI$ MH
POTE 'EGKRINWMEN, 'ALLA= MNHMONIKHN 'AUTHN ZHTWMEN DEIN 'EINAI.
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
'ALL'-'OU-MHN TO GE TH$ 'AMOUSOU TE-KAI 'ASCHMONO$ FUSEW$
'ALLOSE POI 'AN4 FAIMEN "ELKEIN 'H= 'EI$ 'AMETRIAN.
TI= MHN:
'ALHQEIAN D' 'AMETRIA\ "HGHI0 SUGGENH 'EINAI 'H= 'EMMETRIA\:
'EMMETRIA\.
'EMMETRON 'A=RA-KAI 'EUCARIN ZHTWMEN PRO$ TOI$ 'ALLOI$
DIANOIAN FUSEI, "HN 'EPI THN TOU* 'ONTO$ 'IDEAN "EKASTOU TO
'AUTOFUE$ 'EUAGWGON PAREXEI2.
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
<P 486E>
TI= 'OUN: MH PHI DOKOUMEN SOI4 'OUK 'ANAGKAI*A "EKASTA DIELHLUQENAI
KAI "EPOMENA 'ALLHLOI$ THI MELLOUSHI TOU* 'ONTO$ "IKANW$
TE-KAI TELEW$ YUCHI METALHYESQAI:


<P 487A>
'ANAGKAIOTATA MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
'ESTIN 'OUN "OPHI MEMYHI2 TOIOUTON 'EPITHDEUMA, "O= MH POT' 'AN4
TI$ "OIO$-TE-GENOITO "IKANW$ 'EPITHDEUSAI0, 'EI MH FUSEI 'EIH
MNHMWN, 'EUMAQH$, MEGALOPREPH$, 'EUCARI$, FILO$ TE-KAI
SUGGENH$ 'ALHQEIA$, DIKAIOSUNH$, 'ANDREIA$, SWFROSUNH$:
'OUD' 'AN4 "O MWMO$, 'EFH, TO GE TOIOUTON MEMYAITO.
'ALL', 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TELEIWQEISI TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ PAIDEIA\ TE-KAI
"HLIKIA\ 'A*RA 'OU MONOI$ 'AN4 THN POLIN 'EPITREPOI$:
<P 487B>
KAI "O 'ADEIMANTO$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EFH, PRO$ MEN TAUTA
SOI4 'OUDEI$ 'AN4 "OIO$-T'-'EIH 'ANTEIPEIN. 'ALLA=-GAR TOIONDE TI
PASCOUSIN0 "OI 'AKOUONTE$ "EKASTOTE "A NU*N LEGEI$; "HGOUNTAI DI'
'APEIRIAN TOU* 'ERWTAN KAI 'APOKRINESQAI "UPO TOU* LOGOU PAR'
"EKASTON TO 'ERWTHMA SMIKRON PARAGOMENOI, "AQROISQENTWN5 TWN
SMIKRWN 'EPI TELEUTH$ TWN LOGWN MEGA TO SFALMA KAI 'ENANTION
TOI$ PRWTOI$ 'ANAFAINESQAI, KAI "WSPER "UPO TWN PETTEUEIN
DEINWN "OI MH TELEUTWNTE$ 'APOKLEIONTAI KAI 'OUK 'ECOUSIN0 "OTI2
<P 487C>
FERWSIN, "OUTW KAI SFEI$ TELEUTWNTE$ 'APOKLEIESQAI KAI 'OUK
'ECEIN "OTI2 LEGWSIN "UPO PETTEIA$ 'AU TAUTH$ TINO$ "ETERA$, 'OUK 'EN
YHFOI$ 'ALL' 'EN LOGOI$; 'EPEI TO GE 'ALHQE$ 'OUDEN TI MALLON
TAUTHI 'ECEIN. LEGW0 D' 'EI$ TO PARON 'APOBLEYA$. NU*N GAR
FAIH 'AN4 TI$ SOI4 LOGWI MEN 'OUK 'ECEIN KAQ' "EKASTON TO 'ERWTWMENON
'ENANTIOUSQAI, 'ERGWI DE "ORAN, "OSOI 'AN4 'EPI FILOSOFIAN
"ORMHSANTE$ MH TOU* PEPAIDEUSQAI "ENEKA "AYAMENOI NEOI 'ONTE$
<P 487D>
'APALLATTWNTAI, 'ALLA= MAKROTERON 'ENDIATRIYWSIN, TOU$ MEN
PLEISTOU$ KAI PANU 'ALLOKOTOU$ GIGNOMENOU$, "INA MH PAMPONHROU$
'EIPWMEN, TOU$ D' 'EPIEIKESTATOU$ DOKOUNTA$ "OMW$
TOUTO GE "UPO TOU* 'EPITHDEUMATO$ "OU2 SU 'EPAINEI$ PASCONTA$,
'ACRHSTOU$ TAI$ POLESI GIGNOMENOU$.
KAI 'EGW 'AKOUSA$, 'OIEI 'OUN, 'EIPON, TOU$ TAUTA LEGONTA$
YEUDESQAI:
'OUK 'OIDA, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'ALLA= TO SOI4 DOKOUN "HDEW$ 'AN4
'AKOUOIMI.
'AKOUOI$ 'AN4 "OTI4 'EMOIGE FAINONTAI 'TALHQH LEGEIN.
<P 487E>
PW*$ 'OUN, 'EFH, 'EU 'ECEI0 LEGEIN "OTI4 'OU PROTERON KAKWN
PAUSONTAI "AI POLEI$, PRIN 'AN4 'EN 'AUTAI$ "OI FILOSOFOI
'ARXWSIN, "OU$ 'ACRHSTOU$ "OMOLOGOUMEN 'AUTAI$ 'EINAI:
'ERWTA*I$0, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ERWTHMA DEOMENON 'APOKRISEW$ DI'
'EIKONO$ LEGOMENH$.
SU DE-GE, 'EFH, 'OIMAI 'OUK 'EIWQA$ DI' 'EIKONWN LEGEIN.
'EIEN, 'EIPON; SKWPTEI$ 'EMBEBLHKW$ ME 'EI$ LOGON "OUTW


<P 488A>
DUSAPODEIKTON: 'AKOUE D'-'OUN TH$ 'EIKONO$, "IN' 'ETI MALLON
'IDHI$ "W$ GLISCRW$ 'EIKAZW0. "OUTW GAR CALEPON TO PAQO$
TWN 'EPIEIKESTATWN, "O= PRO$ TA$ POLEI$ PEPONQASIN, "WSTE
'OUD' 'ESTIN "EN 'OUDEN 'ALLO TOIOUTON PEPONQO$, 'ALLA= DEI
'EK POLLWN 'AUTO SUNAGAGEIN 'EIKAZONTA KAI 'APOLOGOUMENON
"UPER 'AUTWN, "OION "OI GRAFH$ TRAGELAFOU$ KAI TA TOIAUTA
MEIGNUNTE$ GRAFOUSIN0. NOHSON2 GAR TOIOUTONI GENOMENON 'EI=TE
POLLWN NEWN PE=RI 'EI=TE MIA$; NAUKLHRON MEGEQEI MEN-KAI
<P 488B>
"RWMHI "UPER TOU$ 'EN THI NHI PANTA$, "UPOKWFON DE-KAI "ORWNTA
"WSAUTW$ BRACU TI KAI GIGNWSKONTA PERI= NAUTIKWN "E=TERA
TOIAUTA, TOU$ DE NAUTA$ STASIAZONTA$ PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ PERI=
TH$ KUBERNHSEW$, "EKASTON 'OIOMENON DEIN KUBERNAN, MHTE
MAQONTA PWPOTE THN TECNHN MHTE 'ECONTA 'APODEIXAI0 DIDASKALON
"EAUTOU MHDE CRONON 'EN "WI 'EMANQANEN, PRO$ DE TOUTOI$
FASKONTA$ MHDE DIDAKTON 'EINAI, 'ALLA=-KAI TON LEGONTA "W$
DIDAKTON "ETOIMOU$ KATATEMNEIN, 'AUTOU$ DE 'AUTWI 'AEI TW*I
<P 488C>
NAUKLHRWI PERIKECUSQAI DEOMENOU$ KAI PANTA POIOUNTA$ "OPW$
'AN4 SFISI TO PHDALION 'EPITREYHI6, 'ENIOTE D' 'AN2 MH PEIQWSIN
'ALLA= 'ALLOI MALLON, TOU$ MEN 'ALLOU$ 'H= 'APOKTEINUNTA$ 'H=
'EKBALLONTA$ 'EK TH$ NEW$, TON DE GENNAION NAUKLHRON MANDRAGORA\
'H= MEQHI 'H= TINI 'ALLWI SUMPODISANTA$ TH$ NEW$ 'ARCEIN
CRWMENOU$ TOI$ 'ENOUSI, KAI PINONTA$ TE-KAI 'EUWCOUMENOU$
PLEIN "W$ TO 'EIKO$ TOU$ TOIOUTOU$, PRO$ DE TOUTOI$ 'EPAINOUNTA$
<P 488D>
NAUTIKON MEN KALOUNTA$0 KAI KUBERNHTIKON KAI 'EPISTAMENON
TA KATA NAUN, "O$4 'AN4 SULLAMBANEIN DEINO$ 'HI "OPW$
'ARXOUSIN2 'H= PEIQONTE$ 'H= BIAZOMENOI TON NAUKLHRON, TON DE
MH TOIOUTON YEGONTA$ "W$ 'ACRHSTON, TOU* DE 'ALHQINOU KUBERNHTOU
PE=RI MHD' 'EPAIONTE$, "OTI4 'ANAGKH 'AUTWI THN 'EPIMELEIAN
POIEISQAI 'ENIAUTOU KAI "WRWN KAI 'OURANOU KAI 'ASTRWN
KAI PNEUMATWN KAI PANTWN TWN THI TECNHI PROSHKONTWN0, 'EI
MELLEI0 TW*I-'ONTI NEW$ 'ARCIKO$ 'ESESQAI, "OPW$ DE KUBERNHSEI2
<P 488E>
'EANTE TINE$ BOULWNTAI 'EANTE MH, MHTE TECNHN TOUTOU MHTE
MELETHN 'OIOMENOI DUNATON 'EINAI LABEIN "AMA KAI THN KUBERNHTIKHN.
TOIOUTWN DH PERI= TA$ NAU$ GIGNOMENWN TON "W$
'ALHQW$ KUBERNHTIKON 'OUC "HGHI0 'AN4 TW*I-'ONTI METEWROSKOPON


<P 489A>
TE-KAI 'ADOLESCHN KAI 'ACRHSTON SFISI KALEISQAI0 "UPO TWN
'EN TAI$ "OUTW KATESKEUASMENAI$ NAUSI PLWTHRWN:
KAI MALA, 'EFH "O 'ADEIMANTO$.
'OU-DH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OIMAI DEISQAI SE 'EXETAZOMENHN THN
'EIKONA 'IDEIN, "OTI4 TAI$ POLESI PRO$ TOU$ 'ALHQINOU$ FILOSOFOU$
THN DIAQESIN 'EOIKEN0, 'ALLA= MANQANEIN "O= LEGW0.
KAI MAL', 'EFH.
PRWTON MEN-TOINUN 'EKEINON TON QAUMAZONTA "OTI4 "OI
FILOSOFOI 'OU TIMWNTAI0 'EN TAI$ POLESI DIDASKE TE THN
'EIKONA KAI PEIRW5 PEIQEIN "OTI4 POLU 'AN4 QAUMASTOTERON 'H*N
<P 489B>
'EI 'ETIMWNTO.
'ALLA= DIDAXW2, 'EFH.
KAI "OTI4 TOINUN 'TALHQH LEGEI$, "W$ 'ACRHSTOI TOI$ POLLOI$
"OI 'EPIEIKESTATOI TWN 'EN FILOSOFIA\; TH$ MENTOI 'ACRHSTIA$
TOU$ MH CRWMENOU$ KELEUE 'AITIASQAI, 'ALLA= MH TOU$ 'EPIEIKEI$.
'OU-GAR 'ECEI0 FUSIN KUBERNHTHN NAUTWN DEISQAI 'ARCESQAI
"UF' "AUTOU 'OUDE TOU$ SOFOU$ 'EPI TA$ TWN PLOUSIWN QURA$
'IENAI, 'ALL' "O TOUTO KOMYEUSAMENO$ 'EYEUSATO, TO DE 'ALHQE$
PEFUKEN0, 'EANTE PLOUSIO$ 'EANTE PENH$ KAMNHI5, 'ANAGKAION
<P 489C>
'EINAI 'EPI 'IATRWN QURA$ 'IENAI KAI PANTA TON 'ARCESQAI DEOMENON
'EPI TA$ TOU* 'ARCEIN DUNAMENOU, 'OU TON 'ARCONTA DEISQAI
TWN 'ARCOMENWN 'ARCESQAI, "OU2 'AN4 THI 'ALHQEIA\ TI 'OFELO$ 'HI.
'ALLA= TOU$ NU*N POLITIKOU$ 'ARCONTA$ 'APEIKAZWN "OI$ 'ARTI
'ELEGOMEN NAUTAI$ 'OUC "AMARTHSHI2, KAI TOU$ "UPO TOUTWN
'ACRHSTOU$ LEGOMENOU$ KAI METEWROLESCA$ TOI$ "W$ 'ALHQW$
KUBERNHTAI$.
'ORQOTATA, 'EFH.
'EK TE-TOINUN TOUTWN KAI 'EN TOUTOI$ 'OU "RA\DION 'EUDOKIMEIN
TO BELTISTON 'EPITHDEUMA "UPO TWN 'TANANTIA 'EPITHDEUONTWN0;
<P 489D>
POLU DE MEGISTH KAI 'ISCUROTATH DIABOLH GIGNETAI FILOSOFIA\
DIA= TOU$ TA TOIAUTA FASKONTA$ 'EPITHDEUEIN, "OU$ DH SU FH=I$
TON 'EGKALOUNTA0 THI FILOSOFIA\ LEGEIN "W$ PAMPONHROI "OI
PLEISTOI TWN 'IONTWN0 'EP' 'AUTHN, "OI DE 'EPIEIKESTATOI 'ACRHSTOI,
KAI 'EGW SUNECWRHSA 'ALHQH SE LEGEIN. 'H*-GAR:
NAI.
'OUKOU*N TH$ MEN TWN 'EPIEIKWN 'ACRHSTIA$ THN 'AITIAN
DIELHLUQAMEN:
KAI MALA.
TH$ DE TWN POLLWN PONHRIA$ THN 'ANAGKHN BOULEI TO
META TOUTO DIELQWMEN, KAI "OTI4 'OUDE TOUTOU FILOSOFIA 'AITIA,
<P 489E>
'AN2 DUNWMEQA, PEIRAQWMEN DEIXAI0:
PANU MEN-'OUN.
'AKOUWMEN DH-KAI LEGWMEN 'EKEIQEN 'ANAMNHSQENTE$, "OQEN
DIHIMEN THN FUSIN "OION 'ANAGKH FUNAI0 TON KALON TE 'KAGAQON


<P 490A>
'ESOMENON. "HGEITO D' 'AUTWI, 'EI NWI 'ECEI$, PRWTON MEN 'ALHQEIA,
"HN DIWKEIN 'AUTON PANTW$ KAI PANTHI 'EDEI 'H= 'ALAZONI 'ONTI
MHDAMHI METEINAI FILOSOFIA$ 'ALHQINH$.
'H*N GAR "OUTW LEGOMENON.
'OUKOU*N "EN MEN TOUTO SFODRA "OUTW PARA DOXAN TOI$ NU*N
DOKOUMENOI$ PERI= 'AUTOU4:
KAI MALA, 'EFH.
'A*R'-'OUN-DH 'OU METRIW$ 'APOLOGHSOMEQA "OTI4 PRO$ TO 'ON
PEFUKW$-'EIH "AMILLASQAI "O GE 'ONTW$ FILOMAQH$, KAI 'OUK
<P 490B>
'EPIMENOI0 'EPI TOI$ DOXAZOMENOI$ 'EINAI POLLOI$ "EKASTOI$, 'ALL'
'IOI KAI 'OUK 'AMBLUNOITO 'OUD' 'APOLHGOI TOU* 'ERWTO$, PRIN
'AUTOU4 "O= 'ESTIN "EKASTOU TH$ FUSEW$ "AYASQAI "WI PROSHKEI0
YUCH$ 'EFAPTESQAI TOU* TOIOUTOU % PROSHKEI0 DE SUGGENEI %
"WI PLHSIASA$ KAI MIGEI$ TW*I 'ONTI 'ONTW$, GENNHSA$ NOUN KAI
'ALHQEIAN, GNOIH TE-KAI 'ALHQW$ ZWIH KAI TREFOITO KAI "OUTW
LHGOI 'WDINO$, PRIN D' 'OU=:
"W$ "OION-T', 'EFH, METRIWTATA.
TI= 'OUN: TOUTWI TI METESTAI YEUDO$ 'AGAPAN 'H= PAN 'TOUNANTION
MISEIN:
<P 490C>
MISEIN, 'EFH.
"HGOUMENH$ DH 'ALHQEIA$ 'OUK 'AN4 POTE 'OIMAI FAMEN 'AUTHI
CORON KAKWN 'AKOLOUQHSAI0.
PW*$ GAR:
'ALL' "UGIE$ TE-KAI DIKAION 'HQO$, "WI KAI SWFROSUNHN
"EPESQAI.
'ORQW$, 'EFH.
KAI-DH TON 'ALLON TH$ FILOSOFOU FUSEW$ CORON TI= DEI
PALIN 'EX 'ARCH$ 'ANAGKAZONTA TATTEIN: MEMNHSAI GAR-POU
"OTI4 SUNEBH PROSHKON0 TOUTOI$ 'ANDREIA, MEGALOPREPEIA, 'EUMAQEIA,
MNHMH; KAI SOU4 'EPILABOMENOU "OTI4 PA$ MEN 'ANAGKASQHSETAI
<P 490D>
"OMOLOGEIN "OI$ LEGOMEN, 'EASA$ DE TOU$ LOGOU$,
'EI$ 'AUTOU$ 'APOBLEYA$ PERI= "WN "O LOGO$, FAIH "ORAN 'AUTWN
TOU$ MEN 'ACRHSTOU$, TOU$ DE POLLOU$ KAKOU$ PASAN KAKIAN,
TH$ DIABOLH$ THN 'AITIAN 'EPISKOPOUNTE$ 'EPI TOUTWI NU*N
GEGONAMEN, TI= POQ' "OI POLLOI KAKOI, KAI TOUTOU DH "ENEKA
PALIN 'ANEILHFAMEN THN TWN 'ALHQW$ FILOSOFWN FUSIN KAI
'EX 'ANAGKH$ "WRISAMEQA.
<P 490E>
'ESTIN, 'EFH, TAUTA.
TAUTH$ DH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TH$ FUSEW$ DEI QEASASQAI TA$
FQORA$, "W$ DIOLLUTAI 'EN POLLOI$, SMIKRON DE TI 'EKFEUGEI0,
"OU$ DH-KAI 'OU PONHROU$, 'ACRHSTOU$ DE KALOUSI0; KAI META


<P 491A>
TOUTO 'AU TA$ MIMOUMENA$ TAUTHN KAI 'EI$ TO 'EPITHDEUMA
KAQISTAMENA$ 'AUTH$, "OIAI 'OUSAI FUSEI$ YUCWN 'EI$ 'ANAXION
KAI MEIZON "EAUTWN 'AFIKNOUMENAI 'EPITHDEUMA, POLLACHI
PLHMMELOUSAI, PANTACHI KAI 'EPI PANTA$ DOXAN "OIAN LEGEI$
FILOSOFIA\ PROSHYAN.
TI=NA$ DE, 'EFH, TA$ DIAFQORA$ LEGEI$:
'EGW SOI4, 'EIPON, 'AN2 "OIO$-TE-GENWMAI, PEIRASOMAI DIELQEIN.
TODE MEN-'OUN 'OIMAI PA$ "HMIN "OMOLOGHSEI2, TOIAUTHN FUSIN
KAI PANTA 'ECOUSAN "OSA PROSETAXAMEN NUNDH, 'EI TELEW$
<P 491B>
MELLOI FILOSOFO$ GENESQAI, 'OLIGAKI$ 'EN 'ANQRWPOI$ FUESQAI
KAI 'OLIGA$. 'H= 'OUK 'OIEI:
SFODRA GE.
TOUTWN DH TWN 'OLIGWN SKOPEI5 "W$ POLLOI 'OLEQROI KAI
MEGALOI.
TI=NE$ DH:
"O= MEN PANTWN QAUMASTOTATON 'AKOUSAI0, "OTI4 "EN "EKASTON
"WN 'EPHINESAMEN TH$ FUSEW$ 'APOLLUSI0 THN 'ECOUSAN YUCHN
KAI 'APOSPA*I0 FILOSOFIA$. LEGW0 DE 'ANDREIAN, SWFROSUNHN
KAI PANTA "A DIHLQOMEN.
'ATOPON, 'EFH, 'AKOUSAI0.
<P 491C>
'ETI TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PRO$ TOUTOI$ TA LEGOMENA 'AGAQA
PANTA FQEIREI0 KAI 'APOSPA*I0, KALLO$ KAI PLOUTO$ KAI 'ISCU$
SWMATO$ KAI SUGGENEIA 'ERRWMENH 'EN POLEI KAI PANTA TA
TOUTWN 'OIKEI*A; 'ECEI$ GAR TON TUPON "WN LEGW0.
'ECW0, 'EFH; KAI "HDEW$ G' 'AN4 'AKRIBESTERON "A LEGEI$
PUQOIMHN.
LABOU TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OLOU 'AUTOU4 'ORQW$, KAI SOI4
'EUDHLON TE FANEITAI KAI 'OUK 'ATOPA DOXEI2 TA PROEIRHMENA
PERI= 'AUTWN.
PW*$ 'OUN, 'EFH, KELEUEI$:
<P 491D>
PANTO$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, SPERMATO$ PE=RI 'H= FUTOU, 'EI=TE 'EGGEIWN
'EI=TE TWN ZWIWN, 'ISMEN "OTI4 TO MH TUCON TROFH$ "H$ PROSHKEI0
"EKASTWI MHD' "WRA$ MHDE TOPOU, "OSWI 'AN4 'ERRWMENESTERON 'HI,
TOSOUTWI PLEIONWN 'ENDEI0 TWN PREPONTWN0; 'AGAQWI GAR-POU
KAKON 'ENANTIWTERON 'H= TW*I MH 'AGAQWI.
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
'ECEI0 DH 'OIMAI LOGON THN 'ARISTHN FUSIN 'EN 'ALLOTRIWTERA\
'OUSAN TROFHI KAKION 'APALLATTEIN TH$ FAULH$.
'ECEI0.
<P 491E>
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* 'ADEIMANTE, KAI TA$ YUCA$ "OUTW
FWMEN TA$ 'EUFUESTATA$ KAKH$ PAIDAGWGIA$ TUCOUSA$
DIAFERONTW$ KAKA$ GIGNESQAI: 'H= 'OIEI TA MEGALA 'ADIKHMATA
KAI THN 'AKRATON PONHRIAN 'EK FAULH$ 'ALL' 'OUK 'EK NEANIKH$
FUSEW$ TROFHI DIOLOMENH$ GIGNESQAI, 'ASQENH DE FUSIN
MEGALWN 'OUTE 'AGAQWN 'OUTE KAKWN 'AITIAN POTE 'ESESQAI:
'OU=K, 'ALLA=, 'H*-D'-"O$, "OUTW$.


<P 492A>
"HN TOINUN 'EQEMEN TOU* FILOSOFOU FUSIN 'AN2 MEN 'OIMAI
MAQHSEW$ PROSHKOUSH$ TUCHI6, 'EI$ PASAN 'ARETHN 'ANAGKH
'AUXANOMENHN 'AFIKNEISQAI, 'EA=N DE MH 'EN PROSHKOUSHI SPAREISA
TE-KAI FUTEUQEISA TREFHTAI, 'EI$ PANTA 'TANANTIA 'AU,
'EA=N MH TI$ 'AUTHI BOHQHSA$ QEWN TUCHI6. 'H=-KAI SU "HGHI0,
"WSPER "OI POLLOI, DIAFQEIROMENOU$ TINA$ 'EINAI "UPO SOFISTWN
NEOU$, DIAFQEIRONTA$ DE TINA$ SOFISTA$ 'IDIWTIKOU$, "OTI2 KAI
'AXION LOGOU, 'ALL' 'OUK 'AUTOU$ TOU$ TAUTA LEGONTA$ MEGISTOU$
<P 492B>
MEN 'EINAI SOFISTA$, PAIDEUEIN DE TELEWTATA KAI 'APERGAZESQAI
"OIOU$ BOULONTAI 'EINAI KAI NEOU$ KAI PRESBUTEROU$ KAI 'ANDRA$
KAI GUNAIKA$:
PO=TE DH: 'H*-D'-"O$.
"OTAN, 'EIPON, SUGKAQEZOMENOI "AQROOI POLLOI 'EI$ 'EKKLHSIA$
'H= 'EI$ DIKASTHRIA 'H= QEATRA 'H= STRATOPEDA 'H= TINA 'ALLON
KOINON PLHQOU$ SULLOGON SUN POLLWI QORUBWI TA MEN YEGWSI
TWN LEGOMENWN 'H= PRATTOMENWN, TA DE 'EPAINWSIN, "UPERBALLONTW$
"EKA=TERA, KAI 'EKBOWNTE$ KAI KROTOUNTE$, PRO$ D'
<P 492C>
'AUTOI$ "AI TE PETRAI KAI "O TOPO$ 'EN "WI 'AN4 'WSIN 'EPHCOUNTE$
DIPLASION QORUBON PARECWSI TOU* YOGOU KAI 'EPAINOU. 'EN
DH TW*I TOIOUTWI TON NEON, TO LEGOMENON, TI=NA 'OIEI KARDIAN
'ISCEIN: 'H= POI=AN 'AN84 'AUTWI PAIDEIAN 'IDIWTIKHN 'ANQEXEIN,
"HN 'OU KATAKLUSQEISAN "UPO TOU* TOIOUTOU YOGOU 'H= 'EPAINOU
'OICHSESQAI FEROMENHN KATA "ROUN "HI 'AN4 "OUTO$ FERHI5, KAI
FHSEIN TE TA 'AUTA TOUTOI$ KALA KAI 'AISCRA 'EINAI, KAI
'EPITHDEUSEIN "APER 'AN4 "OUTOI, KAI 'ESESQAI TOIOUTON:
<P 492D>
POLLH, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ANAGKH.
KAI-MHN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OUPW THN MEGISTHN 'ANAGKHN
'EIRHKAMEN.
POI=AN: 'EFH.
"HN 'ERGWI PROSTIQEASI LOGWI MH PEIQONTE$ "OUTOI "OI PAIDEUTAI
TE-KAI SOFISTAI. 'H= 'OUK 'OISQA "OTI4 TON MH PEIQOMENON
'ATIMIAI$ TE-KAI CRHMASI KAI QANATOI$ KOLAZOUSI0:
KAI MALA, 'EFH, SFODRA.
TI=NA 'OUN 'ALLON SOFISTHN 'OIEI 'H= POI=OU$ 'IDIWTIKOU$ LOGOU$
'ENANTIA TOUTOI$ TEINONTA$ KRATHSEIN:
<P 492E>
'OIMAI MEN 'OUDENA, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'OU-GAR, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ALLA=-KAI TO 'EPICEIREIN POLLH 'ANOIA.
'OUTE-GAR GIGNETAI 'OUTE GEGONEN0 'OUDE-'OUN MH GENHTAI 'ALLOION
'HQO$ PRO$ 'ARETHN PARA THN TOUTWN PAIDEIAN PEPAIDEUMENON,
'ANQRWPEION, 'W* "ETAIRE % QEION MENTOI KATA THN PAROIMIAN
'EXAIRWMEN LOGOU; 'EU GAR CRH 'EIDENAI, "OTIPER2 'AN4 SWQHI TE-KAI


<P 493A>
GENHTAI "OION DEI 'EN TOIAUTHI KATASTASEI POLITEIWN, QEOU
MOIRAN 'AUTO SWSAI0 LEGWN 'OU KAKW$ 'EREI$2.
'OUD' 'EMOI4 'ALLW$, 'EFH, DOKEI0.
'ETI TOINUN SOI4, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PRO$ TOUTOI$ KAI TODE DOXATW.
TO POI*ON:
"EKASTO$ TWN MISQARNOUNTWN0 'IDIWTWN, "OU$ DH "OUTOI
SOFISTA$ KALOUSI0 KAI 'ANTITECNOU$ "HGOUNTAI, MH 'A=LLA PAIDEUEIN
'H= TAUTA TA TWN POLLWN DOGMATA, "A DOXAZOUSIN0 "OTAN
"AQROISQWSIN, KAI SOFIAN TAUTHN KALEIN0; "OIONPER 'AN4 'EI QREMMATO$
MEGALOU KAI 'ISCUROU TREFOMENOU TA$ 'ORGA$ TI$ KAI
<P 493B>
'EPIQUMIA$ KATEMANQANEN, "OPHI TE PROSELQEIN CRH KAI "OPHI
"AYASQAI 'AUTOU4, KAI "OPOTE CALEPWTATON 'H= PRA\OTATON KAI
'EK TI=NWN GIGNETAI, KAI FWNA$ DH 'EF' "OI$ "EKASTA$ 'EIWQEN0
FQEGGESQAI, KAI "OIA$ 'AU 'ALLOU FQEGGOMENOU "HMEROUTAI TE-KAI
'AGRIAINEI0, KATAMAQWN DE TAUTA PANTA SUNOUSIA\ TE-KAI
CRONOU TRIBHI SOFIAN TE KALESEIEN KAI "W$ TECNHN SUSTHSAMENO$
'EPI DIDASKALIAN TREPOITO, MHDEN 'EIDW$ THI 'ALHQEIA\
TOUTWN TWN DOGMATWN TE-KAI 'EPIQUMIWN "OTI2 KALON 'H= 'AISCRON
<P 493C>
'H= 'AGAQON 'H= KAKON 'H= DIKAION 'H= 'ADIKON, 'ONOMAZOI DE PANTA
TAUTA 'EPI TAI$ TOU* MEGALOU ZWIOU DOXAI$, "OI$ MEN CAIROI
'EKEINO 'AGAQA KALWN0, "OI$ DE 'ACQOITO KAKA, 'ALLON DE MHDENA
'ECOI LOGON PERI= 'AUTWN, 'ALLA= 'TANAGKAIA DI=KAIA KALOI0 KAI
KALA, THN DE TOU* 'ANAGKAIOU KAI 'AGAQOU FUSIN, "OSON DIAFEREI0
TW*I-'ONTI, MHTE "EWRAKW$-'EIH MHTE 'ALLWI DUNATO$ DEIXAI0.
TOIOUTO$ DH 'WN PRO$ DIO$ 'OUK 'ATOPO$ 'AN4 SOI4 DOKEI0 'EINAI
PAIDEUTH$:
'EMOIG', 'EFH.
'H*-'OUN TI TOUTOU DOKEI0 DIAFEREIN "O THN TWN POLLWN KAI
<P 493D>
PANTODAPWN SUNIONTWN0 'ORGHN KAI "HDONA$ KATANENOHKENAI
SOFIAN "HGOUMENO$, 'EI=T' 'EN GRAFIKHI 'EI=T' 'EN MOUSIKHI 'EI=TE-DH
'EN POLITIKHI: "OTI4 MEN-GAR 'AN2 TI$ TOUTOI$ "OMILHI5 'EPIDEIKNUMENO$,
'H= POIHSIN 'H= TINA 'ALLHN DHMIOURGIAN 'H= POLEI DIAKONIAN,
KURIOU$ "AUTOU POIW*N TOU$ POLLOU$, PERA TWN 'ANAGKAIWN,
"H DIOMHDEI=A LEGOMENH 'ANAGKH POIEIN 'AUTWI TAUTA "A 'AN4 "OUTOI
'EPAINWSIN; "W$ DE-KAI 'AGAQA KAI KALA TAUTA THI 'ALHQEIA\,
'HDH PWPOTE TOU 'HKOUSA$ 'AUTWN LOGON DIDONTO$ 'OU
KATAGELASTON:
<P 493E>
'OIMAI DE-GE, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'OUD' 'AKOUSOMAI.
TAUTA TOINUN PANTA 'ENNOHSA$ 'EKEINO 'ANAMNHSQHTI; 'AUTO
TO KALON 'ALLA= MH TA POLLA KALA, 'H= 'AUTO TI "EKASTON KAI


<P 494A>
MH TA POLLA "EKASTA, 'ESQ' "OPW$ PLHQO$ 'ANEXETAI 'H= "HGHSETAI
'EINAI:
"HKISTA G', 'EFH.
FILOSOFON MEN-'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PLHQO$ 'ADUNATON 'EINAI.
'ADUNATON.
KAI TOU$ FILOSOFOUNTA$ 'A=RA 'ANAGKH YEGESQAI "UP' 'AUTWN.
'ANAGKH.
KAI "UPO TOUTWN DH TWN 'IDIWTWN, "OSOI PROSOMILOUNTE$
'OCLWI 'ARESKEIN 'AUTWI 'EPIQUMOUSI0.
DHLON.
'EK DH TOUTWN TI=NA "ORA*I$0 SWTHRIAN FILOSOFWI FUSEI, "WST'
'EN TW*I 'EPITHDEUMATI MEINASAN PRO$ TELO$ 'ELQEIN: 'ENNOEI5 D'
<P 494B>
'EK TWN 'EMPROSQEN. "WMOLOGHTAI GAR-DH "HMIN 'EUMAQEIA KAI
MNHMH KAI 'ANDREIA KAI MEGALOPREPEIA TAUTH$ 'EINAI TH$
FUSEW$.
NAI.
'OUKOU*N 'EUQU$ 'EN PAISIN "O TOIOUTO$ PRWTO$ 'ESTAI 'EN
"APASIN, 'ALLW$ TE KAI 'EA=N TO SWMA FUHI6 PROSFERH$ THI YUCHI:
TI= D' 'OU MELLEI0: 'EFH.
BOULHSONTAI DH 'OIMAI 'AUTWI CRHSQAI, 'EPEIDAN PRESBUTERO$
GIGNHTAI, 'EPI TA "AUTWN PRAGMATA "OI TE 'OIKEIOI KAI
"OI POLITAI.
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
<P 494C>
"UPOKEISONTAI 'A=RA DEOMENOI KAI TIMWNTE$, PROKATALAMBANONTE$
KAI PROKOLAKEUONTE$ THN MELLOUSAN 'AUTOU4 DUNAMIN.
FILEI0 GOUN, 'EFH, "OUTW GIGNESQAI.
TI= 'OUN 'OIEI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TON TOIOUTON 'EN TOI$ TOIOUTOI$
POIHSEIN, 'ALLW$ TE KAI 'EA=N TUCHI6 MEGALH$ POLEW$ 'WN KAI
'EN TAUTHI PLOUSIO$ TE-KAI GENNAIO$, KAI 'ETI 'EUEIDH$ KAI
MEGA$: 'A*R' 'OU PLHRWQHSESQAI 'AMHCANOU 'ELPIDO$, "HGOUMENON
KAI TA TWN "ELLHNWN KAI TA TWN BARBARWN "IKANON 'ESESQAI
<P 494D>
PRATTEIN, KAI 'EPI TOUTOI$ "UYHLON 'EXAREIN "AUTON, SCHMATISMOU
KAI FRONHMATO$ KENOU 'ANEU NOU 'EMPIMPLAMENON:
KAI MAL', 'EFH.
TW*I DH "OUTW DIATIQEMENWI 'EA=N TI$ 'HREMA PROSELQWN 'TALHQH
LEGHI5, "OTI4 NOU$ 'OUK 'ENESTIN 'AUTWI, DEITAI DE, TO DE 'OU KTHTON
MH DOULEUSANTI THI KTHSEI 'AUTOU4, 'A*R' 'EUPETE$ 'OIEI 'EINAI
'EISAKOUSAI0 DIA= TOSOUTWN KAKWN:
POLLOU GE DEI, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'EA=N D'-'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DIA= TO 'EU PEFUKENAI KAI TO SUGGENE$
<P 494E>
TWN LOGWN 'EISAISQANHTAI TE PHI KAI KAMPTHTAI KAI "ELKHTAI
PRO$ FILOSOFIAN, TI= 'OIOMEQA DRASEIN 'EKEINOU$ TOU$ "HGOUMENOU$
'APOLLUNAI 'AUTOU4 THN CREIAN TE-KAI "ETAIRIAN: 'OU PAN
MEN 'ERGON, PAN D' 'EPO$ LEGONTA$ TE-KAI PRATTONTA$ KAI
PERI= 'AUTON, "OPW$ 'AN4 MH PEISQHI, KAI PERI= TON PEIQONTA,
"OPW$ 'AN4 MH "OIO$-T'-'HI, KAI 'IDIA\ 'EPIBOULEUONTA$ KAI DHMOSIA\
'EI$ 'AGWNA$ KAQISTANTA$:


<P 495A>
POLLH, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'ANAGKH.
'ESTIN 'OUN "OPW$ "O TOIOUTO$ FILOSOFHSEI2:
'OU PANU.
"ORA*I$0 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OTI4 'OU KAKW$ 'ELEGOMEN "W$ 'A=RA-KAI
'AUTA TA TH$ FILOSOFOU FUSEW$ MERH, "OTAN 'EN KAKHI
TROFHI GENHTAI, 'AITIA TROPON TINA TOU* 'EKPESEIN 'EK TOU* 'EPITHDEUMATO$,
KAI TA LEGOMENA 'AGAQA, PLOUTOI TE-KAI PASA "H
TOIAUTH PARASKEUH:
'OU-GAR, 'ALL' 'ORQW$, 'EFH, 'ELECQH.
"OUTO$ DH, 'EIPON, 'W* QAUMASIE, 'OLEQRO$ TE-KAI DIAFQORA
<P 495B>
TOSAUTH TE-KAI TOIAUTH TH$ BELTISTH$ FUSEW$ 'EI$ TO 'ARISTON
'EPITHDEUMA, 'OLIGH$ KAI 'ALLW$ GIGNOMENH$, "W$ "HMEI$ FAMEN.
KAI 'EK TOUTWN DH TWN 'ANDRWN KAI "OI TA MEGISTA KAKA
'ERGAZOMENOI TA$ POLEI$ GIGNONTAI KAI TOU$ 'IDIWTA$, KAI "OI
'TAGAQA, "OI=4 'AN4 TAUTHI TUCWSI "RUENTE$; SMIKRA DE FUSI$ 'OUDEN
MEGA 'OUDEPOTE 'OUDENA 'OUTE 'IDIWTHN 'OUTE POLIN DRA*I0.
'ALHQESTATA, 'H*-D'-"O$.
"OUTOI MEN-DH "OUTW$ 'EKPIPTONTE$, "OI$ MALISTA PROSHKEI0,
<P 495C>
'ERHMON KAI 'ATELH FILOSOFIAN LEIPONTE$ 'AUTOI TE BION 'OU
PROSHKONTA 'OUD' 'ALHQH ZWSIN0, THN DE, "WSPER 'ORFANHN SUGGENWN,
'ALLOI 'EPEISELQONTE$ 'ANAXIOI 'HISCUNAN TE-KAI 'ONEIDH
PERIHYAN, "OI*A KAI SU FH=I$ 'ONEIDIZEIN TOU$ 'ONEIDIZONTA$, "W$
"OI SUNONTE$ 'AUTHI "OI MEN 'OUDENO$, "OI DE POLLOI POLLWN KAKWN
'AXIOI 'EISIN.
KAI-GAR-'OUN, 'EFH, TA GE LEGOMENA TAUTA.
'EIKOTW$ GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, LEGOMENA. KAQORWNTE$ GAR 'ALLOI
'ANQRWPISKOI KENHN THN CWRAN TAUTHN GIGNOMENHN, KALWN
<P 495D>
DE 'ONOMATWN KAI PROSCHMATWN MESTHN, "WSPER "OI 'EK TWN
"EIRGMWN 'EI$ TA "IERA 'APODIDRASKONTE$, "ASMENOI KAI "OUTOI
'EK TWN TECNWN 'EKPHDWSIN0 'EI$ THN FILOSOFIAN, "OI=4 'AN4
KOMYOTATOI 'ONTE$ TUGCANWSI PERI= TO "AUTWN TECNION. "OMW$
GAR-DH PRO$ GE TA$ 'ALLA$ TECNA$ KAIPER "OUTW PRATTOUSH$
FILOSOFIA$ TO 'AXIWMA MEGALOPREPESTERON LEIPETAI, "OU2 DH
'EFIEMENOI POLLOI 'ATELEI$ MEN TA$ FUSEI$, "UPO DE TWN TECNWN
TE-KAI DHMIOURGIWN "WSPER TA SWMATA LELWBHNTAI, "OUTW
<P 495E>
KAI TA$ YUCA$ SUGKEKLASMENOI TE-KAI 'APOTEQRUMMENOI DIA=
TA$ BANAUSIA$ TUGCANOUSIN0 % 'H= 'OUK 'ANAGKH:
KAI MALA, 'EFH.
DOKEI$ 'OUN TI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DIAFEREIN 'AUTOU$ 'IDEIN 'ARGURION
KTHSAMENOU CALKEW$ FALAKROU KAI SMIKROU, NEWSTI MEN 'EK
DESMWN LELUMENOU, 'EN BALANEIWI DE LELOUMENOU, NEOURGON
"IMATION 'ECONTO$, "W$ NUMFIOU PARESKEUASMENOU, DIA= PENIAN
KAI 'ERHMIAN TOU* DESPOTOU THN QUGATERA MELLONTO$ GAMEIN:


<P 496A>
'OU PANU, 'EFH, DIAFEREI0.
POI*' 'ATTA 'OUN 'EIKO$ GENNAN TOU$ TOIOUTOU$: 'OU NOQA KAI
FAULA:
POLLH 'ANAGKH.
TI= DE: TOU$ 'ANAXIOU$ PAIDEUSEW$, "OTAN 'AUTHI PLHSIAZONTE$
"OMILWSI MH KAT' 'AXIAN, POI*' 'ATTA FWMEN GENNAN DIANOHMATA
TE-KAI DOXA$: 'A*R' 'OUC "W$ 'ALHQW$ PROSHKONTA 'AKOUSAI0
SOFISMATA, KAI 'OUDEN GNHSION 'OUDE FRONHSEW$ 'AXION8
'ALHQINH$ 'ECOMENON:
PANTELW$ MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
PANSMIKRON DH TI, 'EFHN 'EGW, 'W* 'ADEIMANTE, LEIPETAI TWN
<P 496B>
KAT' 'AXIAN "OMILOUNTWN0 FILOSOFIA\, 'H= POU "UPO FUGH$ KATALHFQEN
GENNAION KAI 'EU TEQRAMMENON 'HQO$, 'APORIA\ TWN
DIAFQEROUNTWN KATA FUSIN MEINAN 'EP' 'AUTHI, 'H= 'EN SMIKRA*I
POLEI "OTAN MEGALH YUCH FUHI6 KAI 'ATIMASASA TA TH$ POLEW$
"UPERIDHI6; BRACU DE-POU TI KAI 'AP' 'ALLH$ TECNH$ DIKAIW$
'ATIMASAN 'EUFUE$ 'EP' 'AUTHN 'AN4 'ELQOI. 'EIH D' 'AN4 KAI "O TOU*
"HMETEROU "ETAIROU QEAGOU$ CALINO$ "OIO$ KATASCEIN; KAI-GAR
<P 496C>
QEAGEI TA MEN 'A=LLA PANTA PARESKEUASTAI PRO$ TO 'EKPESEIN
FILOSOFIA$, "H DE TOU* SWMATO$ NOSOTROFIA 'APEIRGOUSA 'AUTON
TWN POLITIKWN KATECEI0. TO D' "HMETERON 'OUK 'AXION LEGEIN,
TO DAIMONION SHMEION; 'H= GAR-POU TINI 'ALLWI 'H= 'OUDENI TWN
'EMPROSQEN GEGONEN0. KAI TOUTWN DH TWN 'OLIGWN "OI GENOMENOI
KAI GEUSAMENOI "W$ "HDU KAI MAKARION TO KTHMA, KAI TWN
POLLWN 'AU "IKANW$ 'IDONTE$ THN MANIAN, KAI "OTI4 'OUDEI$ 'OUDEN
"UGIE$ "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN PERI= TA TWN POLEWN PRATTEI0 'OUD' 'ESTI
<P 496D>
SUMMACO$ MEQ' "OTOU TI$ 'IWN 'EPI THN TW*I DIKAIWI BOHQEIAN
SWIZOIT' 'AN4, 'ALL' "WSPER 'EI$ QHRIA 'ANQRWPO$ 'EMPESWN, 'OUTE
SUNADIKEIN 'EQELWN 'OUTE "IKANO$ 'WN "EI$ PASIN 'AGRIOI$ 'ANTECEIN,
PRIN TI THN POLIN 'H= FILOU$ 'ONHSAI0 PROAPOLOMENO$
'ANWFELH$ "AUTWI TE-KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ 'AN4 GENOITO % TAUTA PANTA
LOGISMWI LABWN, "HSUCIAN 'ECWN KAI TA "AUTOU PRATTWN, "OION
'EN CEIMWNI KONIORTOU KAI ZALH$ "UPO PNEUMATO$ FEROMENOU
"UPO TEICION 'APOSTA$, "ORWN TOU$ 'ALLOU$ KATAPIMPLAMENOU$
'ANOMIA$, 'AGAPA*I0 'EI PHI 'AUTO$ KAQARO$ 'ADIKIA$ TE-KAI 'ANOSIWN
<P 496E>
'ERGWN TON TE 'ENQADE BION BIWSETAI KAI THN 'APALLAGHN 'AUTOU4
META KALH$ 'ELPIDO$ "ILEW$ TE-KAI 'EUMENH$ 'APALLAXETAI.


<P 497A>
'ALLA=-TOI, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'OU TA 'ELACISTA 'AN4 DIAPRAXAMENO$
'APALLATTOITO.
'OUDE-GE, 'EIPON, TA MEGISTA, MH TUCWN POLITEIA$ PROSHKOUSH$;
'EN GAR PROSHKOUSHI 'AUTO$ TE MALLON 'AUXHSETAI
KAI META TWN 'IDIWN TA KOINA SWSEI2.
TO MEN-'OUN TH$ FILOSOFIA$ "WN "ENEKA DIABOLHN 'EILHFEN0
KAI "OTI4 'OU DIKAIW$, 'EMOI4 MEN DOKEI0 METRIW$ 'EIRHSQAI, 'EI MH
'ET' 'ALLO LEGEI$ TI SU.
'ALL' 'OUDEN, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'ETI LEGW0 PERI= TOUTOU; 'ALLA= THN
PROSHKOUSAN 'AUTHI TI=NA TWN NU*N LEGEI$ POLITEIWN:
<P 497B>
'OUD' "HNTINOUN, 'EIPON, 'ALLA= TOUTO KAI 'EPAITIWMAI0, MHDEMIAN
'AXIAN 'EINAI TWN NU*N KATASTASIN POLEW$ FILOSOFOU FUSEW$;
DIO KAI STREFESQAI TE-KAI 'ALLOIOUSQAI 'AUTHN, "WSPER XENIKON
SPERMA 'EN GHI 'ALLHI SPEIROMENON 'EXITHLON 'EI$ TO 'EPICWRION
FILEI0 KRATOUMENON 'IENAI, "OUTW KAI TOUTO TO GENO$ NU*N MEN
'OUK 'ISCEIN THN "AUTOU DUNAMIN, 'ALL' 'EI$ 'ALLOTRION 'HQO$
'EKPIPTEIN; 'EI DE LHYETAI THN 'ARISTHN POLITEIAN, "WSPER
<P 497C>
KAI 'AUTO 'ARISTON 'ESTIN, TO=TE DHLWSEI2 "OTI4 TOUTO MEN TW*I-'ONTI
QEION 'H*N, TA DE 'A=LLA 'ANQRWPINA, TA TE TWN FUSEWN KAI
TWN 'EPITHDEUMATWN. DHLO$ DH-'OUN 'EI* "OTI4 META TOUTO 'ERHSHI2
TI=$ "AU=TH "H POLITEIA.
'OUK 'EGNW$, 'EFH; 'OU-GAR TOUTO 'EMELLON, 'ALL' 'EI "AUTH=
"HN "HMEI$ DIELHLUQAMEN 'OIKIZONTE$ THN POLIN 'H= 'ALLH.
TA MEN 'A=LLA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "AU=TH; TOUTO DE 'AUTO 'ERRHQH
MEN-KAI TO=TE, "OTI4 DEHSOI TI 'AEI 'ENEINAI 'EN THI POLEI LOGON
<P 497D>
'ECON TH$ POLITEIA$ TON 'AUTON "ONPER KAI SU "O NOMOQETH$
'ECWN TOU$ NOMOU$ 'ETIQEI$.
'ERRHQH GAR, 'EFH.
'ALL' 'OUC "IKANW$, 'EIPON, 'EDHLWQH, FOBWI "WN "UMEI$ 'ANTILAMBANOMENOI
DEDHLWKATE MAKRAN KAI CALEPHN 'AUTOU4 THN
'APODEIXIN; 'EPEI KAI TO LOIPON 'OU PANTWN "RA*ISTON DIELQEIN.
TO POI*ON:
TI=NA TROPON METACEIRIZOMENH POLI$ FILOSOFIAN 'OU
DIOLEITAI. TA GAR-DH MEGALA PANTA 'EPISFALH, KAI TO
LEGOMENON TA KALA TW*I-'ONTI CALEPA.
<P 497E>
'ALL' "OMW$, 'EFH, LABETW TELO$ "H 'APODEIXI$ TOUTOU FANEROU
GENOMENOU.
'OU TO MH BOULESQAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ALL' 'EIPER, TO MH
DUNASQAI DIAKWLUSEI2; PARWN DE THN G' 'EMHN PROQUMIAN 'EISHI2.
SKOPEI5 DE-KAI NU*N "W$ PROQUMW$ KAI PARAKINDUNEUTIKW$ MELLW0
LEGEIN, "OTI4 'TOUNANTION 'H= NU*N DEI TOU* 'EPITHDEUMATO$ TOUTOU
POLIN "APTESQAI.
PW*$:
NU*N MEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OI KAI "APTOMENOI MEIRAKIA 'ONTA 'ARTI


<P 498A>
'EK PAIDWN TO METAXU 'OIKONOMIA$ KAI CRHMATISMOU PLHSIASANTE$
'AUTOU4 TW*I CALEPWTATWI 'APALLATTONTAI, "OI FILOSOFWTATOI
POIOUMENOI % LEGW0 DE CALEPWTATON TO PERI= TOU$ LOGOU$ %
'EN DE TW*I 'EPEITA, 'EA=N KAI 'ALLWN TOUTO PRATTONTWN0 PARAKALOUMENOI0
'EQELWSIN 'AKROATAI GIGNESQAI, MEGALA "HGOUNTAI,
PARERGON 'OIOMENOI 'AUTO DEIN PRATTEIN; PRO$ DE TO GHRA$
'EKTO$ DH TINWN 'OLIGWN 'APOSBENNUNTAI POLU MALLON TOU*
<P 498B>
"HRAKLEITEIOU "HLIOU, "OSON 'AUQI$ 'OUK 'EXAPTONTAI.
DEI DE PW*$: 'EFH.
PAN 'TOUNANTION; MEIRAKIA MEN 'ONTA KAI PAIDA$ MEIRAKIWDH
PAIDEIAN KAI FILOSOFIAN METACEIRIZESQAI, TWN TE SWMATWN,
'EN "WI BLASTANEI0 TE-KAI 'ANDROUTAI, 'EU MALA 'EPIMELEISQAI,
"UPHRESIAN FILOSOFIA\ KTWMENOU$; PROIOUSH$ DE TH$ "HLIKIA$,
'EN "HI "H YUCH TELEOUSQAI 'ARCETAI, 'EPITEINEIN TA 'EKEINH$
GUMNASIA; "OTAN DE LHGHI5 MEN "H "RWMH, POLITIKWN DE-KAI
<P 498C>
STRATEIWN 'EKTO$ GIGNHTAI, TO=TE 'HDH 'AFETOU$ NEMESQAI KAI
MHDEN 'ALLO PRATTEIN, "OTI2-MH PARERGON, TOU$ MELLONTA$
'EUDAIMONW$ BIWSESQAI KAI TELEUTHSANTA$ TW*I BIWI TW*I BEBIWMENWI
THN 'EKEI MOIRAN 'EPISTHSEIN PREPOUSAN.
"W$ 'ALHQW$ MOI DOKEI$, 'EFH, LEGEIN GE PROQUMW$, 'W*
SWKRATE$; 'OIMAI MENTOI TOU$ POLLOU$ TWN 'AKOUONTWN0 PROQUMOTERON
'ETI 'ANTITEINEIN 'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN PEISOMENOU$, 'APO
QRASUMACOU 'ARXAMENOU$
MH DIABALLE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EME KAI QRASUMACON 'ARTI
<P 498D>
FILOU$ GEGONOTA$, 'OUDE PRO TOU* 'ECQROU$ 'ONTA$. PEIRA$
GAR 'OUDEN 'ANHSOMEN, "EW$ 'AN4 'H= PEISWMEN KAI TOUTON KAI
TOU$ 'ALLOU$, 'H= 'PROURGOU TI POIHSWMEN 'EI$ 'EKEINON TON BION,
"OTAN 'AUQI$ GENOMENOI TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ 'ENTUCWSI LOGOI$.
'EI$ MIKRON G', 'EFH, CRONON 'EIRHKA$.
'EI$ 'OUDEN MEN-'OUN, 'EFHN, "W$ GE PRO$ TON "APANTA. TO
MENTOI MH PEIQESQAI TOI$ LEGOMENOI$ TOU$ POLLOU$ QAUMA
'OUDEN; 'OU-GAR PWPOTE 'EIDON GENOMENON TO NU*N LEGOMENON,
<P 498E>
'ALLA= POLU MALLON TOIAUT' 'ATTA "RHMATA 'EXEPITHDE$ 'ALLHLOI$
"WMOIWMENA, 'ALL' 'OUK 'APO TOU* 'AUTOMATOU "WSPER NU*N SUMPESONTA.
'ANDRA DE 'ARETHI PARISWMENON KAI "WMOIWMENON
MECRI TOU* DUNATOU TELEW$ 'ERGWI TE-KAI LOGWI, DUNASTEUONTA


<P 499A>
'EN POLEI "ETERA\ TOIAUTHI, 'OU PWPOTE "EWRAKASIN, 'OUTE "ENA 'OUTE
PLEIOU$. 'H= 'OIEI:
'OUDAMW$ GE.
'OUDE-GE 'AU LOGWN, 'W* MAKARIE, KALWN TE-KAI 'ELEUQERWN
"IKANW$ 'EPHKOOI GEGONASIN, "OIWN ZHTEIN MEN TO 'ALHQE$ SUNTETAMENW$
'EK PANTO$ TROPOU TOU* GNWNAI0 CARIN, TA DE KOMYA
TE-KAI 'ERISTIKA KAI MHDAMOSE 'ALLOSE TEINONTA 'H= PRO$ DOXAN
KAI 'ERIN KAI 'EN DIKAI$ KAI 'EN 'IDIAI$ SUNOUSIAI$ PORRWQEN
'ASPAZOMENWN.
'OUDE TOUTWN, 'EFH.
TOUTWN TOI CARIN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI TAUTA PROORWMENOI
<P 499B>
"HMEI$ TO=TE KAI DEDIOTE$ "OMW$ 'ELEGOMEN, "UPO 'TALHQOU$ 'HNAGKASMENOI,
"OTI4 'OUTE POLI$ 'OUTE POLITEIA 'OUDE-G' 'ANHR "OMOIW$
MH POTE GENHTAI TELEO$, PRIN 'AN4 TOI$ FILOSOFOI$ TOUTOI$
TOI$ 'OLIGOI$ KAI 'OU PONHROI$, 'ACRHSTOI$ DE NU*N KEKLHMENOI$,
'ANAGKH TI$ 'EK TUCH$ PERIBALHI6, 'EI=TE BOULONTAI 'EI=TE MH,
POLEW$ 'EPIMELHQHNAI, KAI THI POLEI KATHKOWI GENESQAI, 'H=
TWN NU*N 'EN DUNASTEIAI$ 'H= BASILEIAI$ 'ONTWN0 "UESIN 'H= 'AUTOI$
<P 499C>
'EK TINO$ QEIA$ 'EPIPNOIA$ 'ALHQINH$ FILOSOFIA$ 'ALHQINO$
'ERW$ 'EMPESHI6. TOUTWN DE PO=TERA GENESQAI 'H= 'AMFO=TERA
"W$ 'A=RA 'ESTIN 'ADUNATON, 'EGW MEN 'OUDENA FHMI 'ECEIN LOGON.
"OUTW GAR 'AN4 "HMEI$ DIKAIW$ KATAGELWIMEQA, "W$ 'ALLW$ 'EUCAI$
"O=MOIA LEGONTE$. 'H= 'OUC "OUTW$:
"OUTW$.
'EI TOINUN 'AKROI$ 'EI$ FILOSOFIAN POLEW$ TI$ 'ANAGKH
'EPIMELHQHNAI 'H= GEGONEN0 'EN TW*I 'APEIRWI TW*I PARELHLUQOTI
CRONWI 'H=-KAI NU*N 'ESTIN 'EN TINI BARBARIKWI TOPWI, PORRW POU
<P 499D>
'EKTO$ 'ONTI TH$ "HMETERA$ 'EPOYEW$, 'H=-KAI 'EPEITA GENHSETAI,
PERI= TOUTOU "ETOIMOI TW*I LOGWI DIAMACESQAI, "W$ GEGONEN0 "H
'EIRHMENH POLITEIA KAI 'ESTIN KAI GENHSETAI GE, "OTAN "AU=TH "H
MOUSA POLEW$ 'EGKRATH$ GENHTAI. 'OU-GAR 'ADUNATO$ GENESQAI,
'OUD' "HMEI$ 'ADUNATA LEGOMEN; CALEPA DE-KAI PAR' "HMWN
"OMOLOGEITAI.
KAI 'EMOI4, 'EFH, "OUTW DOKEI0.
TOI$ DE POLLOI$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OTI4 'OUK 'AU DOKEI0, 'EREI$2:
'ISW$, 'EFH.
'W* MAKARIE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, MH PANU "OUTW TWN POLLWN KATHGOREI5.
<P 499E>
'ALLOIAN TOI DOXAN "EXOUSIN2, 'EA=N 'AUTOI$ MH FILONIKWN
'ALLA= PARAMUQOUMENO$ KAI 'APOLUOMENO$ THN TH$ FILOMAQEIA$
DIABOLHN 'ENDEIKNUHI3 "OU$ LEGEI$ TOU$ FILOSOFOU$, KAI DIORIZHI3


<P 500A>
"WSPER 'ARTI THN TE FUSIN 'AUTWN KAI THN 'EPITHDEUSIN, "INA
MH "HGWNTAI SE LEGEIN "OU$ 'AUTOI 'OIONTAI. 'H=8-KAI8 'EA=N8 "OUTW8
QEWNTAI82, 'ALLOIAN8 TOI8 FHSEI$8 'AUTOU$8 DOXAN8 LHYESQAI8 KAI8
'A=LLA8 'APOKRINEISQAI8. 'H= 'OIEI TINA CALEPAINEIN TW*I MH CALEPWI
'H= FQONEIN TW*I MH FQONERWI 'AFQONON TE-KAI PRA*ION 'ONTA: 'EGW
MEN-GAR SE PROFQASA$ LEGW0 "OTI4 'EN 'OLIGOI$ TISIN "HGOUMAI,
'ALL' 'OUK 'EN TW*I PLHQEI, CALEPHN "OUTW FUSIN GIGNESQAI.
KAI 'EGW 'AMELEI, 'EFH, SUNOIOMAI.
<P 500B>
'OUKOU*N-KAI 'AUTO TOUTO SUNOIEI, TOU* CALEPW$ PRO$ FILOSOFIAN
TOU$ POLLOU$ DIAKEISQAI 'EKEINOU$ 'AITIOU$ 'EINAI TOU$
'EXWQEN 'OU PROSHKON0 'EPEISKEKWMAKOTA$, LOIDOROUMENOU$ TE
"AUTOI$ KAI FILAPECQHMONW$ 'ECONTA$ KAI 'AEI PERI= 'ANQRWPWN
TOU$ LOGOU$ POIOUMENOU$, "HKISTA FILOSOFIA\ PREPON
POIOUNTA$:
POLU G', 'EFH.
'OUDE-GAR-POU, 'W* 'ADEIMANTE, SCOLH TW*I GE "W$ 'ALHQW$
PRO$ TOI$ 'OUSI THN DIANOIAN 'ECONTI KATW BLEPEIN 'EI$ 'ANQRWPWN
<P 500C>
PRAGMATEIA$, KAI MACOMENON 'AUTOI$ FQONOU TE-KAI
DUSMENEIA$ 'EMPIMPLASQAI, 'ALL' 'EI$ TETAGMENA 'ATTA KAI KATA
'TAUTA 'AEI 'ECONTA "ORWNTA$ KAI QEWMENOU$ 'OUT' 'ADIKOUNTA 'OUT'
'ADIKOUMENA "UP' 'ALLHLWN, KOSMWI DE PANTA KAI KATA LOGON
'ECONTA, TAUTA MIMEISQAI TE-KAI "OTI2 MALISTA 'AFOMOIOUSQAI.
'H= 'OIEI TINA MHCANHN 'EINAI, "OTWI TI$ "OMILEI0 'AGAMENO$, MH
MIMEISQAI 'EKEINO:
'ADUNATON, 'EFH.
QEIWI DH-KAI KOSMIWI "O GE FILOSOFO$ "OMILWN KOSMIO$ TE-KAI
<P 500D>
QEIO$ 'EI$ TO DUNATON 'ANQRWPWI GIGNETAI; DIABOLH D' 'EN
PASI POLLH.
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
'AN2 'OUN TI$, 'EIPON, 'AUTWI 'ANAGKH GENHTAI "A 'EKEI "ORA*I0
MELETHSAI0 'EI$ 'ANQRWPWN 'HQH KAI 'IDIA\ KAI DHMOSIA\ TIQENAI
KAI MH MONON "EAUTON PLATTEIN, 'A*RA KAKON DHMIOURGON 'AUTON
'OIEI GENHSESQAI SWFROSUNH$ TE-KAI DIKAIOSUNH$ KAI SUMPASH$
TH$ DHMOTIKH$ 'ARETH$:
"HKISTA GE, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'ALL' 'EA=N DH 'AISQWNTAI "OI POLLOI "OTI4 'ALHQH PERI= 'AUTOU4
<P 500E>
LEGOMEN, CALEPANOUSI2 DH TOI$ FILOSOFOI$ KAI 'APISTHSOUSIN2
"HMIN LEGOUSIN4 "W$ 'OUK 'AN4 POTE 'ALLW$ 'EUDAIMONHSEIE POLI$,
'EI MH 'AUTHN DIAGRAYEIAN "OI TW*I QEIWI PARADEIGMATI CRWMENOI
ZWGRAFOI:
'OU CALEPANOUSIN2, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'EANPER 'AISQWNTAI. 'ALLA=-DH


<P 501A>
TI=NA LEGEI$ TROPON TH$ DIAGRAFH$:
LABONTE$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "WSPER PINAKA POLIN TE-KAI 'HQH
'ANQRWPWN, PRWTON MEN KAQARAN POIHSEIAN 'AN4, "O= 'OU PANU
"RA\DION; 'ALL'-'OUN 'OISQ' "OTI4 TOUTWI 'AN4 'EUQU$ TWN 'ALLWN
DIENEGKOIEN, TW*I MHTE 'IDIWTOU MHTE POLEW$ 'EQELHSAI0 'AN4
"AYASQAI MHDE GRAFEIN NOMOU$, PRIN 'H= PARALABEIN KAQARAN
'H= 'AUTOI POIHSAI0.
KAI 'ORQW$ G', 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N META TAUTA 'OIEI "UPOGRAYASQAI 'AN4 TO SCHMA TH$
POLITEIA$:
TI= MHN:
<P 501B>
'EPEITA 'OIMAI 'APERGAZOMENOI PUKNA 'AN4 "EKATERWS' 'APOBLEPOIEN,
PRO$ TE TO FUSEI DIKAION KAI KALON KAI SWFRON
KAI PANTA TA TOIAUTA, KAI PRO$ 'EKEIN' 'AU TO 'EN TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$
'EMPOIOIEN, SUMMEIGNUNTE$ TE-KAI KERANNUNTE$ 'EK TWN
'EPITHDEUMATWN TO 'ANDREIKELON, 'AP' 'EKEINOU TEKMAIROMENOI, "O=
DH-KAI "OMHRO$ 'EKALESEN 'EN TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ 'EGGIGNOMENON
QEOEIDE$1 TE-KAI QEOEIKELON1.
'ORQW$, 'EFH.
KAI TO MEN 'AN4 'OIMAI 'EXALEIFOIEN, TO DE PALIN 'EGGRAFOIEN,
<P 501C>
"EW$ "OTI2 MALISTA 'ANQRW=PEIA 'HQH 'EI$ "OSON 'ENDECETAI QEOFILH
POIHSEIAN.
KALLISTH GOUN 'AN4, 'EFH, "H GRAFH GENOITO.
'A*R'-'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PEIQOMEN PHI 'EKEINOU$, "OU$ DIATETAMENOU$
'EF' "HMA$ 'EFHSQA 'IENAI, "W$ TOIOUTO$ 'ESTI POLITEIWN
ZWGRAFO$ "ON TO=T' 'EPHINOUMEN PRO$ 'AUTOU$, DI' "ON 'EKEINOI
'ECALEPAINON "OTI4 TA$ POLEI$ 'AUTWI PAREDIDOMEN, KAI TI MALLON
'AUTO NU*N 'AKOUONTE$ PRAUNONTAI:
KAI POLU GE, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'EI SWFRONOUSIN0.
<P 501D>
PH*I GAR-DH "EXOUSIN2 'AMFISBHTHSAI0: POTERON MH TOU*
'ONTO$ TE-KAI 'ALHQEIA$ 'ERASTA$ 'EINAI TOU$ FILOSOFOU$:
'ATOPON 'MENTAN4, 'EFH, 'EIH.
'ALLA= MH THN FUSIN 'AUTWN 'OIKEIAN 'EINAI TOU* 'ARISTOU, "HN
"HMEI$ DIHLQOMEN:
'OUDE TOUTO.
TI= DE: THN TOIAUTHN TUCOUSAN TWN PROSHKONTWN0 'EPITHDEUMATWN
'OUK 'AGAQHN TELEW$ 'ESESQAI KAI FILOSOFON,
'EIPER TINA 'ALLHN: 'H= 'EKEINOU$ FHSEI2 MALLON, "OU$ "HMEI$
'AFWRISAMEN:
<P 501E>
'OU-DHPOU.
'ETI 'OUN 'AGRIANOUSI2 LEGONTWN0 "HMWN "OTI4 PRIN 'AN4 POLEW$ TO
FILOSOFON GENO$ 'EGKRATE$ GENHTAI, 'OUTE POLEI 'OUTE POLITAI$
KAKWN PAULA 'ESTAI, 'OUDE "H POLITEIA "HN MUQOLOGOUMEN LOGWI
'ERGWI TELO$ LHYETAI:
'ISW$, 'EFH, "HTTON.
BOULEI 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, MH "HTTON FWMEN 'AUTOU$ 'ALLA=


<P 502A>
PANTAPASI PRA\OU$ GEGONENAI KAI PEPEISQAI, "INA, 'EI MH TI,
'ALLA= 'AISCUNQENTE$ "OMOLOGHSWSIN:
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
"OUTOI MEN-TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TOUTO PEPEISMENOI-'ESTWN;
TOUDE DE PE=RI TI$ 'AMFISBHTHSEI2, "W$ 'OUK 'AN4 TUCOIEN GENOMENOI
BASILEWN 'EKGONOI 'H= DUNASTWN TA$ FUSEI$ FILOSOFOI:
'OUD' 'AN4 "EI$, 'EFH.
TOIOUTOU$ DE GENOMENOU$ "W$ POLLH 'ANAGKH DIAFQARHNAI,
'ECEI0 TI$ LEGEIN: "W$ MEN-GAR CALEPON SWQHNAI, KAI "HMEI$
<P 502B>
SUGCWROUMEN; "W$ DE 'EN PANTI TW*I CRONWI TWN PANTWN 'OUDEPOTE
'OUD' 'AN4 "EI$ SWQEIH, 'ESQ' "OSTI$ 'AMFISBHTHSEIE:
KAI PW*$:
'ALLA=-MHN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "EI$ "IKANO$ GENOMENO$, POLIN 'ECWN
PEIQOMENHN, PANT' 'EPITELESAI0 TA NU*N 'APISTOUMENA.
"IKANO$ GAR, 'EFH.
'ARCONTO$ GAR-POU, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TIQENTO$ TOU$ NOMOU$ KAI
TA 'EPITHDEUMATA "A DIELHLUQAMEN, 'OU-DHPOU 'ADUNATON 'EQELEIN
POIEIN TOU$ POLITA$.
'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN.
'ALLA=-DH, "APER "HMIN DOKEI0, DOXAI0 KAI 'ALLOI$ QAUMASTON
TI KAI 'ADUNATON:
<P 502C>
'OUK 'OIMAI 'EGWGE, 'H*-D'-"O$.
KAI-MHN "OTI4 GE BELTISTA, 'EIPER DUNATA, "IKANW$ 'EN TOI$
'EMPROSQEN, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, DIHLQOMEN.
"IKANW$ GAR.
NU*N DH, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, SUMBAINEI0 "HMIN PERI= TH$ NOMOQESIA$
'ARISTA MEN 'EINAI "A LEGOMEN, 'EI GENOITO, CALEPA DE GENESQAI,
'OU-MENTOI 'ADUNATA GE.
SUMBAINEI0 GAR, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N 'EPEIDH TOUTO MOGI$ TELO$ 'ESCEN, TA 'EPILOIPA DH
META TOUTO LEKTEON, TI=NA TROPON "HMIN KAI 'EK TI=NWN MAQHMATWN
<P 502D>
TE-KAI 'EPITHDEUMATWN "OI SWTHRE$ 'ENESONTAI TH$ POLITEIA$,
KAI KATA POI=A$ "HLIKIA$ "EKASTOI "EKASTWN "APTOMENOI:
LEKTEON MENTOI, 'EFH.
'OUDEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TO SOFON MOI 'EGENETO THN TE TWN
GUNAIKWN TH$ KTHSEW$ DUSCEREIAN 'EN TW*I PROSQEN PARALIPONTI
KAI PAIDOGONIAN KAI THN TWN 'ARCONTWN0 KATASTASIN,
'EIDOTI "W$ 'EPIFQONO$ TE-KAI CALEPH GIGNESQAI "H PANTELW$
'ALHQH$; NU*N GAR 'OUDEN "HTTON 'HLQEN TO DEIN 'AUTA DIELQEIN.
<P 502E>
KAI TA MEN-DH TWN GUNAIKWN TE-KAI PAIDWN PEPERANTAI, TO
DE TWN 'ARCONTWN0 "WSPER 'EX 'ARCH$ METELQEIN DEI. 'ELEGOMEN


<P 503A>
D', 'EI MNHMONEUEI$, DEIN 'AUTOU$ FILOPOLIDA$ TE FAINESQAI,
BASANIZOMENOU$ 'EN "HDONAI$ TE-KAI LUPAI$, KAI TO DOGMA
TOUTO MHT' 'EN PONOI$ MHT' 'EN FOBOI$ MHT' 'EN 'ALLHI MHDEMIA*I
METABOLHI FAINESQAI 'EKBALLONTA$, 'H= TON 'ADUNATOUNTA 'APOKRITEON,
TON DE PANTACOU 'AKHRATON 'EKBAINONTA "WSPER
CRUSON 'EN PURI BASANIZOMENON, STATEON 'ARCONTA KAI GERA
DOTEON KAI ZWNTI KAI TELEUTHSANTI KAI 'AQLA. TOIAUT' 'ATTA
'H*N TA LEGOMENA PAREXIONTO$ KAI PARAKALUPTOMENOU TOU*
<P 503B>
LOGOU, PEFOBHMENOU KINEIN TO NU*N PARON.
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH, LEGEI$; MEMNHMAI GAR.
'OKNO$ GAR, 'EFHN, 'W* FILE, 'EGW, 'EIPEIN TA NU*N 'APOTETOLMHMENA;
NU*N DE TOUTO MEN TETOLMHSQW 'EIPEIN, "OTI4 TOU$
'AKRIBESTATOU$ FULAKA$ FILOSOFOU$ DEI KAQISTANAI.
'EIRHSQW GAR, 'EFH.
NOHSON2 DH "W$ 'EIKOTW$ 'OLIGOI 'ESONTAI SOI4; "HN GAR
DIHLQOMEN FUSIN DEIN "UPARCEIN 'AUTOI$, 'EI$ 'TAUTON SUMFUESQAI
'AUTH$ TA MERH 'OLIGAKI$ 'EQELEI0, TA POLLA DE DIESPASMENH
FUETAI.
<P 503C>
PW*$, 'EFH, LEGEI$:
'EUMAQEI$ KAI MNHMONE$ KAI 'AGCINOI KAI 'OXEI$ KAI "OSA
'A=LLA TOUTOI$ "EPETAI 'OISQ' "OTI4 'OUK 'EQELOUSIN0 "AMA FUESQAI
KAI NEANIKOI TE-KAI MEGALOPREPEI$ TA$ DIANOIA$ "OIOI KOSMIW$
META "HSUCIA$ KAI BEBAIOTHTO$ 'EQELEIN ZHN, 'ALL' "OI TOIOUTOI
"UPO 'OXUTHTO$ FERONTAI "OPHI 'AN4 TUCWSIN, KAI TO BEBAION "APAN
'AUTWN 'EXOICETAI.
'ALHQH, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
'OUKOU*N TA BE=BAIA 'AU TAUTA 'HQH KAI 'OUK 'EUMETABOLA, "OI$
<P 503D>
'AN4 TI$ MALLON "W$ PISTOI$ CRHSAITO, KAI 'EN TW*I POLEMWI PRO$
TOU$ FOBOU$ DUSKINHTA 'ONTA, PRO$ TA$ MAQHSEI$ 'AU POIEI0
'TAUTON; DUSKINHTW$ 'ECEI0 KAI DUSMAQW$ "WSPER 'APONENARKWMENA,
KAI "UPNOU TE-KAI CASMH$ 'EMPIMPLANTAI, "OTAN TI DEHI5
TOIOUTON DIAPONEIN.
'ESTI TAUTA, 'EFH.
"HMEI$ DE-GE FAMEN 'AMFOTERWN DEIN 'EU TE-KAI KALW$
METECEIN, 'H= MHTE PAIDEIA$ TH$ 'AKRIBESTATH$ DEIN 'AUTWI
METADIDONAI MHTE TIMH$ MHTE 'ARCH$.
'ORQW$, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'OUKOU*N SPANION 'AUTO 'OIEI 'ESESQAI:
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
<P 503E>
BASANISTEON DH 'EN TE "OI$ TO=TE 'ELEGOMEN PONOI$ TE-KAI
FOBOI$ KAI "HDONAI$, KAI 'ETI DH "O= TO=TE PAREIMEN NU*N LEGOMEN,
"OTI4 KAI 'EN MAQHMASI POLLOI$ GUMNAZEIN DEI, SKOPOUNTA$ 'EI
KAI TA MEGISTA MAQHMATA DUNATH 'ESTAI 'ENEGKEIN 'EI=TE-KAI


<P 504A>
'APODEILIASEI2, "WSPER "OI 'EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$ 'APODEILIWNTE$.
PREPEI0 GE-TOI-DH, 'EFH, "OUTW SKOPEIN. 'ALLA= POI*A DH
LEGEI$ MAQHMATA MEGISTA:
MNHMONEUEI$ MEN-POU, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OTI4 TRITTA 'EIDH YUCH$
DIASTHSAMENOI SUNEBIBAZOMEN DIKAIOSUNH$ TE PE=RI KAI SWFROSUNH$
KAI 'ANDREIA$ KAI SOFIA$ "O= "EKASTON 'EIH.
MH-GAR MNHMONEUWN, 'EFH, TA LOIPA 'AN4 'EIHN DIKAIO$ MH
'AKOUEIN.
'H*-KAI TO PRORRHQEN 'AUTWN:
TO POI*ON DH:
<P 504B>
'ELEGOMEN POU "OTI4 "W$ MEN DUNATON 'H*N KALLISTA 'AUTA
KATIDEIN 'ALLH MAKROTE=RA 'EIH PERIODO$, "HN PERIELQONTI KATAFANH
GIGNOITO, TWN MENTOI 'EMPROSQEN PROEIRHMENWN "EPOMENA$
'APODEIXEI$ "OION-T'-'EIH PROSAYAI0. KAI "UMEI$ 'EXARKEIN 'EFATE,
KAI "OUTW DH 'ERRHQH TA TO=TE TH$ MEN 'AKRIBEIA$, "W$ 'EMOI4
'EFAINETO, 'ELLIPH, 'EI DE "UMIN 'ARESKONTW$, "UMEI$ 'AN4 TOUTO
'EIPOITE.
'ALL' 'EMOIGE, 'EFH, METRIW$; 'EFAINETO MHN-KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$.
<P 504C>
'ALL', 'W* FILE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, METRON TWN TOIOUTWN 'APOLEIPON
KAI "OTIOUN TOU* 'ONTO$ 'OU PANU METRIW$ GIGNETAI; 'ATELE$ GAR
'OUDEN 'OUDENO$ METRON. DOKEI0 D' 'ENIOTE TISIN "IKANW$ 'HDH 'ECEIN
KAI 'OUDEN DEIN PERAITERW ZHTEIN.
KAI MAL', 'EFH, SUCNOI PASCOUSIN0 'AUTO DIA= "RA\QUMIAN.
TOUTOU DE-GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TOU* PAQHMATO$ "HKISTA PROSDEI0
FULAKI POLEW$ TE-KAI NOMWN.
'EIKO$, 'H*-D'-"O$.
THN MAKROTERAN TOINUN, 'W* "ETAIRE, 'EFHN, PERIITEON TW*I
<P 504D>
TOIOUTWI, KAI 'OUC "HTTON MANQANONTI PONHTEON 'H= GUMNAZOMENWI;
'H=, "O= NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN, TOU* MEGISTOU TE-KAI MALISTA PROSHKONTO$
MAQHMATO$ 'EPI TELO$ 'OUPOTE "HXEI2.
'OU-GAR TAUTA, 'EFH, MEGISTA, 'ALL' 'ETI TI MEIZON DIKAIOSUNH$
TE-KAI "WN DIHLQOMEN:
KAI MEIZON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI 'AUTWN TOUTWN 'OUC "UPOGRAFHN
DEI "WSPER NU*N QEASASQAI, 'ALLA= THN TELEWTATHN 'APERGASIAN
MH PARIENAI. 'H= 'OU GELOION 'EPI MEN 'ALLOI$ SMIKROU 'AXIOI$
<P 504E>
PAN POIEIN SUNTEINOMENOU$ "OPW$ "OTI2 'AKRIBESTATA KAI KAQARWTATA
"EXEI2, TWN DE MEGISTWN MH MEGISTA$ 'AXIOUN0 'EINAI KAI
TA$ 'AKRIBEIA$:
KAI MALA, 'EFH, 'AXION8 TO8 DIANOHMA8; "O= MENTOI MEGISTON
MAQHMA KAI PERI= "OTI2 'AUTO LEGEI$, 'OIEI TIN' 'AN4 SE, 'EFH,
'AFEINAI0 MH 'ERWTHSANTA TI= 'ESTIN:
'OU PANU, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ALLA=-KAI SU 'ERWTA. PANTW$ 'AUTO
'OUK 'OLIGAKI$ 'AKHKOA$, NU*N DE 'H= 'OUK 'ENNOEI$ 'H= 'AU DIANOHI0


<P 505A>
'EMOI4 PRAGMATA PARECEIN 'ANTILAMBANOMENO$. 'OIMAI DE TOUTO
MALLON; 'EPEI "OTI4 GE "H TOU* 'AGAQOU 'IDEA MEGISTON MAQHMA,
POLLAKI$ 'AKHKOA$, "HI DH-KAI DI=KAIA KAI 'TALLA PROSCRHSAMENA
CRHSIMA KAI 'WFELIMA GIGNETAI. KAI NU*N SCEDON 'OISQ' "OTI4
MELLW0 TOUTO LEGEIN, KAI PRO$ TOUTWI "OTI4 'AUTHN 'OUC "IKANW$
'ISMEN; 'EI DE MH 'ISMEN, 'ANEU DE TAUTH$ 'EI "OTI2 MALISTA 'TALLA
'EPISTAIMEQA, 'OISQ' "OTI4 'OUDEN "HMIN 'OFELO$, "WSPER 'OUD' 'EI
<P 505B>
KEKTHIMEQA TI 'ANEU TOU* 'AGAQOU. 'H= 'OIEI TI PLEON 'EINAI PASAN
KTHSIN 'EKTHSQAI, MH-MENTOI 'AGAQHN: 'H= PANTA 'TALLA FRONEIN
'ANEU TOU* 'AGAQOU, KALON DE-KAI 'AGAQON MHDEN FRONEIN:
MA DI=' 'OUK 'EGWG', 'EFH.
'ALLA=-MHN-KAI TODE GE 'OISQA, "OTI4 TOI$ MEN POLLOI$ "HDONH
DOKEI0 'EINAI TO 'AGAQON, TOI$ DE KOMYOTEROI$ FRONHSI$.
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
KAI "OTI4 GE, 'W* FILE, "OI TOUTO "HGOUMENOI 'OUK 'ECOUSI0 DEIXAI0
"HTI$ FRONHSI$, 'ALL' 'ANAGKAZONTAI TELEUTWNTE$ THN TOU*
'AGAQOU FANAI.
KAI MALA, 'EFH, GELOIW$.
<P 505C>
PW*$ GAR 'OUCI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EI 'ONEIDIZONTE$ GE "OTI4 'OUK 'ISMEN
TO 'AGAQON LEGOUSI0 PALIN "W$ 'EIDOSIN: FRONHSIN GAR 'AUTO
FASIN0 'EINAI 'AGAQOU, "W$ 'AU SUNIENTWN0 "HMWN "OTI2 LEGOUSIN0,
'EPEIDAN TO TOU* 'AGAQOU FQEGXWNTAI 'ONOMA.
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH.
TI= DE "OI THN "HDONHN 'AGAQON "ORIZOMENOI: MWN MH TI
'ELATTONO$ PLANH$ 'EMPLEWI TWN "ETERWN: 'H= 'OU-KAI "OUTOI
'ANAGKAZONTAI "OMOLOGEIN "HDONA$ 'EINAI KAKA$:
SFODRA GE.
SUMBAINEI0 DH 'AUTOI$ 'OIMAI "OMOLOGEIN 'AGAQA 'EINAI KAI
KAKA 'TAUTA. 'H*-GAR:
<P 505D>
TI= MHN:
'OUKOU*N "OTI4 MEN MEGALAI KAI POLLAI 'AMFISBHTHSEI$ PERI=
'AUTOU4, FANERON:
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
TI= DE: TODE 'OU FANERON, "W$ DI=KAIA MEN-KAI KALA POLLOI
'AN4 "ELOINTO TA DOKOUNTA, 'KAN4 'EI7 MH 'EIH, "OMW$ TAUTA PRATTEIN
KAI KEKTHSQAI KAI DOKEIN, 'AGAQA DE 'OUDENI 'ETI 'ARKEI0 TA
DOKOUNTA KTASQAI, 'ALLA= TA 'ONTA ZHTOUSIN0, THN DE DOXAN
'ENTAUQA 'HDH PA$ 'ATIMAZEI0:
KAI MALA, 'EFH.
"O= DH DIWKEI0 MEN "APASA YUCH KAI TOUTOU "ENEKA PANTA
<P 505E>
PRATTEI0, 'APOMANTEUOMENH TI 'EINAI, 'APOROUSA DE-KAI 'OUK
'ECOUSA LABEIN "IKANW$ TI= POT' 'ESTIN 'OUDE PISTEI CRHSASQAI
MONIMWI "OIA\ KAI PERI= 'TALLA, DIA= TOUTO DE 'APOTUGCANEI0 KAI
TWN 'ALLWN 'EI TI 'OFELO$ 'H*N, PERI= DH TO TOIOUTON KAI TOSOUTON


<P 506A>
"OUTW FWMEN DEIN 'ESKOTWSQAI KAI 'EKEINOU$ TOU$ BELTISTOU$
'EN THI POLEI, "OI$ PANTA 'EGCEIRIOUMEN:
"HKISTA G', 'EFH.
'OIMAI GOUN, 'EIPON, DI=KAIA TE-KAI KALA 'AGNOOUMENA "OPHI
POTE 'AGAQA 'ESTIN, 'OU POLLOU TINO$ 'AXION FULAKA KEKTHSQAI
'AN4 "EAUTWN TON TOUTO 'AGNOOUNTA; MANTEUOMAI DE MHDENA 'AUTA
PROTERON GNWSESQAI "IKANW$.
KALW$ GAR, 'EFH, MANTEUHI0.
'OUKOU*N "HMIN "H POLITEIA TELEW$ KEKOSMHSETAI, 'EA=N "O
<P 506B>
TOIOUTO$ 'AUTHN 'EPISKOPHI5 FULAX, "O TOUTWN 'EPISTHMWN:
'ANAGKH, 'EFH. 'ALLA= SU DH, 'W* SWKRATE$, POTERON 'EPISTHMHN
TO 'AGAQON FH=I$ 'EINAI 'H= "HDONHN, 'H= 'ALLO TI PARA
TAUTA:
"OUTO$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ANHR, KALW$ 'HSQA KAI PALAI KATAFANH$
"OTI4 SOI4 'OUK 'APOCRHSOI TO TOI$ 'ALLOI$ DOKOUN PERI=
'AUTWN.
'OUDE-GAR DIKAION MOI, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, FAINETAI TA TWN
'ALLWN MEN 'ECEIN 'EIPEIN DOGMATA, TO D' "AUTOU MH, TOSOUTON
<P 506C>
CRONON PERI= TAUTA PRAGMATEUOMENON.
TI= DE: 'H*N-D'-'EGW; DOKEI0 SOI4 DIKAION 'EINAI PERI= "WN TI$ MH
'OIDEN LEGEIN "W$ 'EIDOTA:
'OUDAMW$ G', 'EFH, "W$ 'EIDOTA, "W$ MENTOI 'OIOMENON TAUQ' "A
'OIETAI 'EQELEIN LEGEIN.
TI= DE: 'EIPON; 'OUK 'HISQHSAI TA$ 'ANEU 'EPISTHMH$ DOXA$, "W$
PASAI 'AISCRAI: "WN "AI BELTISTAI TUFLAI % 'H= DOKOUSI0 TI SOI4
TUFLWN DIAFEREIN "ODON 'ORQW$ POREUOMENWN "OI 'ANEU NOU 'ALHQE$
TI DOXAZONTE$:
'OUDEN, 'EFH.
BOULEI 'OUN 'AISCRA QEASASQAI, TUFLA TE-KAI SKOLIA, 'EXON
<P 506D>
PAR' 'ALLWN 'AKOUEIN FANA TE-KAI KALA:
MH PRO$ DIO$, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'W* SWKRATE$, "O GLAUKWN, "WSPER
'EPI TELEI 'WN 'APOSTHI$. 'ARKESEI2 GAR "HMIN, 'KAN2 "WSPER
DIKAIOSUNH$ PE=RI KAI SWFROSUNH$ KAI TWN 'ALLWN DIHLQE$,
"OUTW KAI PERI= TOU* 'AGAQOU DIELQHI$.
KAI-GAR 'EMOI4, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* "ETAIRE, KAI MALA 'ARKESEI2;
'ALL' "OPW$ MH 'OUC "OIO$-T'-'ESOMAI, PROQUMOUMENO$ DE 'ASCHMONWN
GELWTA 'OFLHSW2. 'ALL', 'W* MAKARIOI, 'AUTO MEN TI= POT'
<P 506E>
'ESTI 'TAGAQON 'EASWMEN TO NU*N 'EINAI % PLEON GAR MOI FAINETAI
'H= KATA THN PAROUSAN "ORMHN 'EFIKESQAI TOU* GE DOKOUNTO$ 'EMOI4
TA NU*N % "O$4 DE 'EKGONO$ TE TOU* 'AGAQOU FAINETAI KAI "OMOIOTATO$
'EKEINWI, LEGEIN 'EQELW0, 'EI KAI "UMIN FILON, 'EI DE
MH, 'EA*N.
'ALL', 'EFH, LEGE; 'EI$ 'AUQI$ GAR TOU* PATRO$ 'APOTEISEI$ THN
DIHGHSIN.


<P 507A>
BOULOIMHN 'AN4, 'EIPON, 'EME TE DUNASQAI 'AUTHN 'APODOUNAI0
KAI "UMA$ KOMISASQAI, 'ALLA= MH "WSPER NU*N TOU$ TOKOU$ MONON.
TOUTON DE-DH-'OUN TON TOKON TE-KAI 'EKGONON 'AUTOU4 TOU* 'AGAQOU
KOMISASQE. 'EULABEISQE3 MENTOI MH PHI 'EXAPATHSW4 "UMA$
'AKWN, KIBDHLON 'APODIDOU$ TON LOGON TOU* TOKOU.
'EULABHSOMEQA, 'EFH, KATA DUNAMIN; 'ALLA= MONON LEGE.
DIOMOLOGHSAMENO$ G', 'EFHN 'EGW, KAI 'ANAMNHSA$ "UMA$ TA
T' 'EN TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN "RHQENTA KAI 'ALLOTE 'HDH POLLAKI$
'EIRHMENA.
<P 507B>
TA POI*A: 'H*-D'-"O$.
POLLA KALA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI POLLA 'AGAQA KAI "EKASTA
"OUTW$ 'EINAI FAMEN TE-KAI DIORIZOMEN TW*I LOGWI.
FAMEN GAR.
KAI 'AUTO DH KALON KAI 'AUTO 'AGAQON, KAI "OUTW PERI= PANTWN
"A TO=TE "W$ POLLA 'ETIQEMEN, PALIN 'AU KAT' 'IDEAN MIAN "EKASTOU
"W$ MIA$ 'OUSH$ TIQENTE$, "O= 'ESTIN "EKASTON PROSAGOREUOMEN.
'ESTI TAUTA.
KAI TA MEN-DH "ORASQAI FAMEN, NOEISQAI D' 'OU=, TA$ D' 'AU
'IDEA$ NOEISQAI MEN, "ORASQAI D' 'OU=.
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
<P 507C>
TW*I2 'OUN "ORWMEN0 "HMWN-'AMTWN TA "ORWMENA:
THI 'OYEI, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI 'AKOHI TA 'AKOUOMENA, KAI TAI$ 'ALLAI$
'AISQHSESI PANTA TA 'AISQHTA:
TI= MHN:
'A*R'-'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ENNENOHKA$ TON TWN 'AISQHSEWN
DHMIOURGON "OSWI POLUTELESTATHN THN TOU* "ORAN TE-KAI
"ORASQAI DUNAMIN 'EDHMIOURGHSEN:
'OU PANU, 'EFH.
'ALL' "WDE SKOPEI5. 'ESTIN "OTI2 PROSDEI0 'AKOHI KAI FWNHI
GENOU$ 'ALLOU 'EI$ TO THN MEN 'AKOUEIN, THN DE 'AKOUESQAI, "O=
<P 507D>
'EA=N MH PARAGENHTAI TRITON, "H MEN 'OUK 'AKOUSETAI, "H DE 'OUK
'AKOUSQHSETAI:
'OUDENO$, 'EFH.
'OIMAI DE-GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OUD' 'ALLAI$ POLLAI$, "INA MH 'EIPW
"OTI4 'OUDEMIA*I, TOIOUTOU PROSDEI0 'OUDENO$. 'H= SU TINA 'ECEI$
'EIPEIN:
'OUK 'EGWGE, 'H*-D'-"O$.
THN DE TH$ 'OYEW$ KAI TOU* "ORATOU 'OUK 'ENNOEI$ "OTI4
PROSDEITAI:
PW*$:
'ENOUSH$ POU 'EN 'OMMASIN 'OYEW$ KAI 'EPICEIROUNTO$ TOU*
'ECONTO$ CRHSQAI 'AUTHI, PAROUSH$ DE CROA$ 'EN 'AUTOI$, 'EA=N MH
<P 507E>
PARAGENHTAI GENO$ TRITON 'IDIA\ 'EP' 'AUTO TOUTO PEFUKO$, 'OISQA
"OTI4 "H TE 'OYI$ 'OUDEN 'OYETAI, TA TE CRWMATA 'ESTAI 'AORATA.
TI=NO$ DH LEGEI$, 'EFH, TOUTOU:
"O= DH SU KALEI$0, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, FW$.
'ALHQH, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
'OU SMIKRA*I 'A=RA 'IDEA\ "H TOU* "ORAN 'AISQHSI$ KAI "H TOU* "ORASQAI


<P 508A>
DUNAMI$ TWN 'ALLWN SUZEUXEWN TIMIWTERWI ZUGWI 'EZUGHSAN,
'EIPER MH 'ATIMON TO FW$.
'ALLA=-MHN, 'EFH, POLLOU GE DEI 'ATIMON 'EINAI.
TI=NA 'OUN 'ECEI$ 'AITIASASQAI TWN 'EN 'OURANWI QEWN TOUTOU
KURION, "OU2 "HMIN TO FW$ 'OYIN TE POIEI0 "ORAN "OTI2 KALLISTA KAI
TA "ORWMENA "ORASQAI:
"ONPER KAI SU, 'EFH, KAI "OI 'ALLOI; TON "HLION GAR DHLON
"OTI4 'ERWTA*I$0.
'A*R'-'OUN "WDE PEFUKEN0 'OYI$ PRO$ TOUTON TON QEON:
PW*$:
'OUK 'ESTIN "HLIO$ "H 'OYI$ 'OUTE 'AUTH 'OUT' 'EN "WI 'EGGIGNETAI, "O=
<P 508B>
DH KALOUMEN0 'OMMA.
'OU-GAR-'OUN.
'ALL' "HLIOEIDESTATON GE 'OIMAI TWN PERI= TA$ 'AISQHSEI$
'ORGANWN.
POLU GE.
'OUKOU*N-KAI THN DUNAMIN "HN 'ECEI0 'EK TOUTOU TAMIEUOMENHN
"WSPER 'EPIRRUTON KEKTHTAI:
PANU MEN-'OUN.
'A*R'-'OUN-'OU-KAI "O "HLIO$ 'OYI$ MEN 'OUK 'ESTIN, 'AITIO$ D' 'WN
'AUTH$ "ORATAI0 "UP' 'AUTH$ TAUTH$:
"OUTW$, 'H*-D'-"O$.
TOUTON TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, FANAI ME LEGEIN TON TOU* 'AGAQOU
'EKGONON, "ON 'TAGAQON 'EGENNHSEN 'ANALOGON "EAUTWI, "OTIPER2 'AUTO
<P 508C>
'EN TW*I NOHTWI TOPWI PRO$ TE NOUN KAI TA NOOUMENA, TOUTO TOUTON
'EN TW*I "ORATWI PRO$ TE 'OYIN KAI TA "ORWMENA.
PW*$: 'EFH; 'ETI DIELQE MOI.
'OFQALMOI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OISQ' "OTI4, "OTAN MHKETI 'EP' 'EKEINA TI$
'AUTOU$ TREPHI5 "WN 'AN4 TA$ CROA$ TO "HMERINON FW$ 'EPECHI5, 'ALLA=
"WN NUKTERINA FEGGH, 'AMBLUWTTOUSI0 TE-KAI 'EGGU$ FAINONTAI
TUFLWN, "WSPER 'OUK 'ENOUSH$ KAQARA$ 'OYEW$:
KAI MALA, 'EFH.
<P 508D>
"OTAN DE-G' 'OIMAI "WN "O "HLIO$ KATALAMPEI0, SAFW$ "ORWSI0,
KAI TOI$ 'AUTOI$ TOUTOI$ 'OMMASIN 'ENOUSA FAINETAI.
TI= MHN:
"OUTW TOINUN-KAI TO TH$ YUCH$ "WDE NOEI5; "OTAN MEN "OU2
KATALAMPEI0 'ALHQEIA TE-KAI TO 'ON, 'EI$ TOUTO 'APEREISHTAI,
'ENOHSEN TE-KAI 'EGNW 'AUTO KAI NOUN 'ECEIN FAINETAI; "OTAN DE 'EI$
TO TW*I SKOTWI KEKRAMENON, TO GIGNOMENON TE-KAI 'APOLLUMENON,
DOXAZEI0 TE-KAI 'AMBLUWTTEI0 'ANW KAI KATW TA$ DOXA$ METABALLON,
KAI 'EOIKEN0 'AU NOUN 'OUK 'ECONTI.
'EOIKE0 GAR.
<P 508E>
TOUTO TOINUN TO THN 'ALHQEIAN PARECON TOI$ GIGNWSKOMENOI$
KAI TW*I GIGNWSKONTI THN DUNAMIN 'APODIDON THN TOU*
'AGAQOU 'IDEAN FAQI 'EINAI; 'AITIAN D' 'EPISTHMH$ 'OUSAN KAI
'ALHQEIA$, "W$ GIGNWSKOMENH$ MEN DIANOOU, "OUTW DE KALWN
'AMFOTERWN 'ONTWN0, GNWSEW$ TE-KAI 'ALHQEIA$, 'ALLO KAI
KALLION 'ETI TOUTWN "HGOUMENO$ 'AUTO 'ORQW$ "HGHSHI2; 'EPISTHMHN


<P 509A>
DE-KAI 'ALHQEIAN, "WSPER 'EKEI FW$ TE-KAI 'OYIN "HLIOEIDH MEN
NOMIZEIN 'ORQON, "HLION D' "HGEISQAI 'OUK 'ORQW$ 'ECEI0, "OUTW KAI
'ENTAUQA 'AGAQOEIDH MEN NOMIZEIN TAUT' 'AMFO=TERA 'ORQON, 'AGAQON
DE "HGEISQAI "OPOTERON 'AUTWN 'OUK 'ORQON, 'ALL' 'ETI MEIZONW$
TIMHTEON THN TOU* 'AGAQOU "EXIN.
'AMHCANON KALLO$, 'EFH, LEGEI$, 'EI 'EPISTHMHN MEN-KAI
'ALHQEIAN PARECEI0, 'AUTO D' "UPER TAUTA KALLEI 'ESTIN; 'OU-GAR-DHPOU
SU GE "HDONHN 'AUTO LEGEI$.
'EUFHMEI5, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; 'ALL' "WDE MALLON THN 'EIKONA 'AUTOU4
'ETI 'EPISKOPEI5.
<P 509B>
PW*$:
TON "HLION TOI$ "ORWMENOI$ 'OU MONON 'OIMAI THN TOU* "ORASQAI
DUNAMIN PARECEIN FHSEI$, 'ALLA=-KAI THN GENESIN KAI 'AUXHN
KAI TROFHN, 'OU GENESIN 'AUTON 'ONTA.
PW*$ GAR:
KAI TOI$ GIGNWSKOMENOI$ TOINUN MH MONON TO GIGNWSKESQAI
FANAI "UPO TOU* 'AGAQOU PAREINAI, 'ALLA=-KAI TO 'EINAI TE-KAI THN
'OUSIAN "UP' 'EKEINOU 'AUTOI$ PROSEINAI, 'OUK 'OUSIA$ 'ONTO$ TOU*
'AGAQOU, 'ALL' 'ETI 'EPEKEINA TH$ 'OUSIA$ PRESBEIA\ KAI DUNAMEI
"UPERECONTO$.
<P 509C>
KAI "O GLAUKWN MALA GELOIW$, 'APOLLON, 'EFH, DAIMONIA$
"UPERBOLH$.
SU GAR, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'AITIO$, 'ANAGKAZWN TA 'EMOI4 DOKOUNTA
PERI= 'AUTOU4 LEGEIN.
KAI MHDAMW$ G', 'EFH, PAUSHI4, 'EI MH TI, 'ALLA= THN PERI= TON
"HLION "OMOIOTHTA 'AU DIEXIWN, 'EI PHI 'APOLEIPEI$.
'ALLA=-MHN, 'EIPON, SUCNA GE 'APOLEIPW0.
MHDE SMIKRON TOINUN, 'EFH, PARALIPHI$.
'OIMAI MEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI POLU; "OMW$ DE, "OSA G' 'EN TW*I
PARONTI DUNATON, "EKWN 'OUK 'APOLEIYW2.
MH-GAR, 'EFH.
<P 509D>
NOHSON2 TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "WSPER LEGOMEN, DUO 'AUTW 'EINAI,
KAI BASILEUEIN TO MEN NOHTOU GENOU$ TE-KAI TOPOU, TO D' 'AU
"ORATOU, "INA MH 'OURANOU 'EIPWN DOXW4 SOI4 SOFIZESQAI PERI= TO
'ONOMA. 'ALL'-'OUN 'ECEI$ TAUTA DITTA 'EIDH, "ORATON, NOHTON:
'ECW0.
"WSPER TOINUN GRAMMHN DICA TETMHMENHN LABWN 'ANISA
TMHMATA, PALIN TEMNE "EKATERON TO TMHMA 'ANA TON 'AUTON LOGON,
TO TE TOU* "ORWMENOU GENOU$ KAI TO TOU* NOOUMENOU, KAI SOI4
'ESTAI SAFHNEIA\ KAI 'ASAFEIA\ PRO$ 'ALLHLA 'EN MEN TW*I "ORWMENWI
<P 509E>
TO MEN "ETERON TMHMA 'EIKONE$ % LEGW0 DE TA$ 'EIKONA$ PRWTON


<P 510A>
MEN TA$ SKIA$, 'EPEITA TA 'EN TOI$ "UDASI FANTASMATA KAI 'EN
TOI$ "OSA PUKNA TE-KAI LEI*A KAI FANA SUNESTHKEN0, KAI PAN TO
TOIOUTON, 'EI KATANOEI$.
'ALLA= KATANOW0.
TO TOINUN "ETERON TIQEI "WI TOUTO 'EOIKEN0, TA TE PERI= "HMA$ ZWIA
KAI PAN TO FUTEUTON KAI TO SKEUASTON "OLON GENO$.
TIQHMI, 'EFH.
'H*-KAI 'EQELOI$ 'AN4 'AUTO FANAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DIHIRHSQAI
'ALHQEIA\ TE-KAI MH, "W$ TO DOXASTON PRO$ TO GNWSTON, "OUTW
TO "OMOIWQEN PRO$ TO "WI "WMOIWQH:
<P 510B>
'EGWG', 'EFH, KAI MALA.
SKOPEI5 DH 'AU KAI THN TOU* NOHTOU TOMHN "HI TMHTEON.
PH*I:
"HI TO MEN 'AUTOU4 TOI$ TO=TE MIMHQEISIN "W$ 'EIKOSIN CRWMENH
YUCH ZHTEIN 'ANAGKAZETAI 'EX "UPOQESEWN, 'OUK 'EP' 'ARCHN
POREUOMENH 'ALL' 'EPI TELEUTHN, TO D' 'AU "ETERON % TO 'EP'
'ARCHN 'ANUPOQETON % 'EX "UPOQESEW$ 'IOUSA KAI 'ANEU TWN PERI=
'EKEINO 'EIKONWN, 'AUTOI$ 'EIDESI DI' 'AUTWN THN MEQODON
POIOUMENH.
TAUT', 'EFH, "A LEGEI$, 'OUC "IKANW$ 'EMAQON.
<P 510C>
'ALL' 'AUQI$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; "RA*ION GAR TOUTWN PROEIRHMENWN
MAQHSHI2. 'OIMAI GAR SE 'EIDENAI "OTI4 "OI PERI= TA$ GEWMETRIA$
TE-KAI LOGISMOU$ KAI TA TOIAUTA PRAGMATEUOMENOI, "UPOQEMENOI
TO TE PERITTON KAI TO 'ARTION KAI TA SCHMATA KAI GWNIWN
TRITTA 'EIDH KAI 'A=LLA TOUTWN 'ADELFA KAQ' "EKASTHN MEQODON,
TAUTA MEN "W$ 'EIDOTE$, POIHSAMENOI "UPOQESEI$ 'AUTA, 'OUDENA
LOGON 'OUTE "AUTOI$ 'OUTE 'ALLOI$ 'ETI 'AXIOUSI0 PERI= 'AUTWN DIDONAI
<P 510D>
"W$ PANTI FANERWN, 'EK TOUTWN D' 'ARCOMENOI TA LOIPA 'HDH
DIEXIONTE$ TELEUTWSIN0 "OMOLOGOUMENW$ 'EPI TOUTO "OU2 'AN4 'EPI
SKEYIN "ORMHSWSI.
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH, TOUTO GE 'OIDA.
'OUKOU*N-KAI "OTI4 TOI$ "ORWMENOI$ 'EIDESI PROSCRWNTAI0 KAI TOU$
LOGOU$ PERI= 'AUTWN POIOUNTAI, 'OU PERI= TOUTWN DIANOOUMENOI,
'ALL' 'EKEINWN PE=RI "OI$ TAUTA 'EOIKE0, TOU* TETRAGWNOU 'AUTOU4
"ENEKA TOU$ LOGOU$ POIOUMENOI KAI DIAMETROU 'AUTH$, 'ALL' 'OU
<P 510E>
TAUTH$ "HN GRAFOUSIN0, KAI 'TALLA "OUTW$, 'AUTA MEN TAUTA "A
PLATTOUSIN0 TE-KAI GRAFOUSIN0, "WN KAI SKIAI KAI 'EN "UDASIN
'EIKONE$ 'EISIN, TOUTOI$ MEN "W$ 'EIKOSIN 'AU CRWMENOI, ZHTOUNTE$


<P 511A>
DE 'AUTA 'EKEINA 'IDEIN "A 'OUK 'AN4 'ALLW$ 'IDOI TI$ 'H= THI DIANOIA\.
'ALHQH, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
TOUTO TOINUN NOHTON MEN TO 'EIDO$ 'ELEGON, "UPOQESESI D'
'ANAGKAZOMENHN YUCHN CRHSQAI PERI= THN ZHTHSIN 'AUTOU4,
'OUK 'EP' 'ARCHN 'IOUSAN, "W$ 'OU DUNAMENHN TWN "UPOQESEWN
'ANWTERW 'EKBAINEIN, 'EIKOSI DE CRWMENHN 'AUTOI$ TOI$ "UPO TWN
KATW 'APEIKASQEISIN KAI 'EKEINOI$ PRO$ 'EKEINA "W$ 'ENARGESI
DEDOXASMENOI$ TE-KAI TETIMHMENOI$.
<P 511B>
MANQANW0, 'EFH, "OTI4 TO "UPO TAI$ GEWMETRIAI$ TE-KAI TAI$
TAUTH$ 'ADELFAI$ TECNAI$ LEGEI$.
TO TOINUN "ETERON MANQANE TMHMA TOU* NOHTOU LEGONTA ME
TOUTO "OU2 'AUTO$ "O LOGO$ "APTETAI THI TOU* DIALEGESQAI DUNAMEI,
TA$ "UPOQESEI$ POIOUMENO$ 'OUK 'ARCA$ 'ALLA= TW*I-'ONTI "UPOQESEI$,
"OION 'EPIBASEI$ TE-KAI "ORMA$, "INA MECRI TOU* 'ANUPOQETOU 'EPI
THN TOU* PANTO$ 'ARCHN 'IWN, "AYAMENO$ 'AUTH$, PALIN 'AU 'ECOMENO$
TWN 'EKEINH$ 'ECOMENWN, "OUTW$ 'EPI TELEUTHN KATABAINHI5,
<P 511C>
'AISQHTWI PANTAPASIN 'OUDENI PROSCRWMENO$, 'ALL' 'EIDESIN
'AUTOI$ DI' 'AUTWN 'EI$ 'AUTA, KAI TELEUTA*I2 'EI$ 'EIDH.
MANQANW0, 'EFH, "IKANW$ MEN 'OU= % DOKEI$ GAR MOI SUCNON
'ERGON LEGEIN % "OTI4 MENTOI BOULEI DIORIZEIN SAFESTERON 'EINAI
TO "UPO TH$ TOU* DIALEGESQAI 'EPISTHMH$ TOU* 'ONTO$ TE-KAI
NOHTOU QEWROUMENON 'H= TO "UPO TWN TECNWN KALOUMENWN0, "AI$
"AI "UPOQESEI$ 'ARCAI KAI DIANOIA\ MEN 'ANAGKAZONTAI 'ALLA= MH
'AISQHSESIN 'AUTA QEASQAI "OI QEWMENOI, DIA= DE TO MH 'EP' 'ARCHN
<P 511D>
'ANELQONTE$ SKOPEIN 'ALL' 'EX "UPOQESEWN, NOUN 'OUK 'ISCEIN PERI=
'AUTA DOKOUSI0 SOI4, KAITOI NOHTWN 'ONTWN0 META 'ARCH$. DIANOIAN
DE KALEIN0 MOI DOKEI$ THN TWN GEWMETRIKWN TE-KAI THN TWN
TOIOUTWN "EXIN 'ALL' 'OU NOUN, "W$ METAXU TI DOXH$ TE-KAI NOU
THN DIANOIAN 'OUSAN.
"IKANWTATA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'APEDEXW. KAI MOI 'EPI TOI$
TETTARSI TMHMASI TETTARA TAUTA PAQHMATA 'EN THI YUCHI
GIGNOMENA LABE, NOHSIN MEN 'EPI TW*I 'ANWTATW, DIANOIAN
<P 511E>
DE 'EPI TW*I DEUTERWI, TW*I TRITWI DE PISTIN 'APODO$ KAI TW*I
TELEUTAIWI 'EIKASIAN, KAI TAXON2 'AUTA 'ANA LOGON, "WSPER 'EF' "OI$
'ESTIN 'ALHQEIA$ METECEI0, "OUTW TAUTA SAFHNEIA$ "HGHSAMENO$
METECEIN.
MANQANW0, 'EFH, KAI SUGCWRW0 KAI TATTW0 "W$ LEGEI$.


<B REP7>


<P 514A>
META TAUTA DH, 'EIPON, 'APEIKASON2 TOIOUTWI PAQEI THN
"HMETERAN FUSIN PAIDEIA$ TE PE=RI KAI 'APAIDEUSIA$. 'IDE GAR
'ANQRWPOU$ "OION 'EN KATAGEIWI 'OIKHSEI SPHLAIWDEI, 'ANAPEPTAMENHN
PRO$ TO FW$ THN 'EISODON 'ECOUSHI MAKRAN PARA PAN
TO SPHLAION, 'EN TAUTHI 'EK PAIDWN 'ONTA$ 'EN DESMOI$ KAI TA
SKELH KAI TOU$ 'AUCENA$, "WSTE MENEIN0 TE 'AUTOU$ 'EI$ TE TO
<P 514B>
PROSQEN MONON "ORAN, KUKLWI DE TA$ KEFALA$ "UPO TOU* DESMOU
'ADUNATOU$ PERIAGEIN, FW$ DE 'AUTOI$ PURO$ 'ANWQEN KAI PORRWQEN
KAOMENON 'OPISQEN 'AUTWN, METAXU DE TOU* PURO$ KAI
TWN DESMWTWN 'EPANW "ODON, PAR' "HN 'IDE TEICION PARWIKODOMHMENON,
"WSPER TOI$ QAUMATOPOIOI$ PRO TWN 'ANQRWPWN
PROKEITAI TA PARAFRAGMATA, "UPER "WN TA QAUMATA DEIKNUASIN.
"ORW0, 'EFH.
"ORA TOINUN PARA TOUTO TO TEICION FERONTA$ 'ANQRWPOU$
<P 514C>
SKEUH TE PANTODAPA "UPERECONTA TOU* TEICIOU KAI 'ANDRIANTA$


<P 515A>
KAI 'A=LLA ZWIA LIQINA TE-KAI XULINA KAI PANTOI*A 'EIRGASMENA,
"OION 'EIKO$ TOU$ MEN FQEGGOMENOU$, TOU$ DE SIGWNTA$ TWN
PARAFERONTWN0.
'ATOPON, 'EFH, LEGEI$ 'EIKONA KAI DESMWTA$ 'ATOPOU$.
"OMOIOU$ "HMIN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; TOU$ GAR TOIOUTOU$ PRWTON MEN
"EAUTWN TE-KAI 'ALLHLWN 'OIEI 'AN4 TI "EWRAKENAI 'ALLO PLHN
TA$ SKIA$ TA$ "UPO TOU* PURO$ 'EI$ TO KATANTIKRU 'AUTWN TOU*
SPHLAIOU PROSPIPTOUSA$:
PW*$ GAR, 'EFH, 'EI 'AKINHTOU$ GE TA$ KEFALA$ 'ECEIN 'HNAGKASMENOI-'EIEN
<P 515B>
DIA= BIOU:
TI= DE TWN PARAFEROMENWN: 'OU 'TAUTON TOUTO:
TI= MHN:
'EI 'OUN DIALEGESQAI "OIOI-T'-'EIEN PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$, 'OU TAUTA
"HGHI0 'AN4 TA 'ONTA 'AUTOU$ NOMIZEIN "APER "ORWIEN:
'ANAGKH.
TI= D' 'EI KAI 'HCW TO DESMWTHRION 'EK TOU* KATANTIKRU 'ECOI:
"OPOTE TI$ TWN PARIONTWN0 FQEGXAITO, 'OIEI 'AN4 'ALLO TI 'AUTOU$
"HGEISQAI TO FQEGGOMENON 'H= THN PARIOUSAN SKIAN:
MA DI=' 'OUK 'EGWG', 'EFH.
<P 515C>
PANTAPASI DH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OI TOIOUTOI 'OUK 'AN4 'ALLO TI
NOMIZOIEN TO 'ALHQE$ 'H= TA$ TWN SKEUASTWN SKIA$.
POLLH 'ANAGKH, 'EFH.
SKOPEI5 DH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'AUTWN LUSIN TE-KAI 'IASIN TWN TE
DESMWN KAI TH$ 'AFROSUNH$, "OI=A TI$ 'AN4 'EIH, 'EI FUSEI TOIADE
SUMBAINOI 'AUTOI$; "OPOTE TI$ LUQEIH KAI 'ANAGKAZOITO 'EXAIFNH$
'ANISTASQAI TE-KAI PERIAGEIN TON 'AUCENA KAI BADIZEIN KAI
PRO$ TO FW$ 'ANABLEPEIN, PANTA DE TAUTA POIW*N 'ALGOI
TE-KAI DIA= TA$ MARMARUGA$ 'ADUNATOI KAQORAN 'EKEINA "WN
<P 515D>
TO=TE TA$ SKIA$ "EWRA, TI= 'AN4 'OIEI 'AUTON 'EIPEIN, 'EI TI$
'AUTWI LEGOI "OTI4 TO=TE MEN "EWRA FLUARIA$, NU*N DE MALLON
TI 'EGGUTERW TOU* 'ONTO$ KAI PRO$ MALLON 'ONTA TETRAMMENO$
'ORQOTERON BLEPOI, KAI-DH-KAI "EKASTON TWN PARIONTWN0 DEIKNU$
'AUTWI 'ANAGKAZOI 'ERWTWN 'APOKRINESQAI "OTI2 'ESTIN: 'OUK 'OIEI
'AUTON 'APOREIN TE 'AN4 KAI "HGEISQAI TA TO=TE "ORWMENA 'ALHQE=STERA
'H= TA NU*N DEIKNUMENA:
POLU G', 'EFH.
<P 515E>
'OUKOU*N 'KAN4 'EI PRO$ 'AUTO TO FW$ 'ANAGKAZOI 'AUTON BLEPEIN,
'ALGEIN TE 'AN4 TA 'OMMATA KAI FEUGEIN 'APOSTREFOMENON PRO$
'EKEINA "A DUNATAI KAQORAN, KAI NOMIZEIN TAUTA TW*I-'ONTI
SAFE=STERA TWN DEIKNUMENWN:
"OUTW$, 'EFH.
'EI DE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ENTEUQEN "ELKOI TI$ 'AUTON BIA\ DIA=
TRACEIA$ TH$ 'ANABASEW$ KAI 'ANANTOU$, KAI MH 'ANEIH PRIN
'EXELKUSEIEN 'EI$ TO TOU* "HLIOU FW$, 'A*RA 'OUCI 'ODUNASQAI TE


<P 516A>
'AN4 KAI 'AGANAKTEIN "ELKOMENON, KAI 'EPEIDH PRO$ TO FW$ 'ELQOI,
'AUGH$ 'AN4 'ECONTA TA 'OMMATA MESTA "ORAN 'OUD' 'AN4 "EN DUNASQAI
TWN NU*N LEGOMENWN 'ALHQWN:
'OU-GAR 'AN4, 'EFH, 'EXAIFNH$ GE.
SUNHQEIA$ DH 'OIMAI DEOIT' 'AN4, 'EI MELLOI TA 'ANW 'OYESQAI.
KAI PRWTON MEN TA$ SKIA$ 'AN4 "RA*ISTA KAQORWI, KAI META TOUTO
'EN TOI$ "UDASI TA TE TWN 'ANQRWPWN KAI TA TWN 'ALLWN 'EIDWLA,
"USTERON DE 'AUTA; 'EK DE TOUTWN TA 'EN TW*I 'OURANWI KAI 'AUTON
TON 'OURANON NUKTWR 'AN4 "RA*ION QEASAITO, PROSBLEPWN TO TWN
<P 516B>
'ASTRWN TE-KAI SELHNH$ FW$, 'H= MEQ' "HMERAN TON "HLION TE-KAI
TO TOU* "HLIOU.
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
TELEUTAION DH 'OIMAI TON "HLION, 'OUK 'EN "UDASIN 'OUD' 'EN
'ALLOTRIA\ "EDRA\ FANTASMATA 'AUTOU4, 'ALL' 'AUTON KAQ' "AUTON
'EN THI "AUTOU CWRA\ DUNAIT' 'AN4 KATIDEIN KAI QEASASQAI "OIO$
'ESTIN.
'ANAGKAION, 'EFH.
KAI META TAUT' 'AN4 'HDH SULLOGIZOITO PERI= 'AUTOU4 "OTI4 "OUTO$
"O TA$ TE "WRA$ PARECWN KAI 'ENIAUTOU$ KAI PANTA 'EPITROPEUWN
<P 516C>
TA 'EN TW*I "ORWMENWI TOPWI, KAI 'EKEINWN "WN SFEI$ "EWRWN
TROPON TINA PANTWN 'AITIO$.
DHLON, 'EFH, "OTI4 'EPI TAUTA 'AN4 MET' 'EKEINA 'ELQOI.
TI= 'OUN: 'ANAMIMNHISKOMENON 'AUTON TH$ PRWTH$ 'OIKHSEW$
KAI TH$ 'EKEI SOFIA$ KAI TWN TO=TE SUNDESMWTWN 'OUK 'AN4 'OIEI
"AUTON MEN 'EUDAIMONIZEIN TH$ METABOLH$, TOU$ DE 'ELEEIN:
KAI MALA.
TIMAI DE-KAI 'EPAINOI 'EI TINE$ 'AUTOI$ 'HSAN TO=TE PAR'
'ALLHLWN KAI GERA TW*I 'OXUTATA KAQORWNTI TA PARIONTA, KAI
MNHMONEUONTI MALISTA "OSA TE PRO=TERA 'AUTWN KAI "U=STERA
<P 516D>
'EIWQEI KAI "AMA POREUESQAI, KAI 'EK TOUTWN DH DUNATWTATA
'APOMANTEUOMENWI TO MELLON "HXEIN, DOKEI$ 'AN4 'AUTON 'EPIQUMHTIKW$
'AUTWN 'ECEIN KAI ZHLOUN0 TOU$ PAR' 'EKEINOI$ TIMWMENOU$
TE-KAI 'ENDUNASTEUONTA$, 'H= TO TOU* "OMHROU 'AN4 PEPONQENAI
KAI SFO=DRA BOULESQAI 'EPAROURON1 'EONTA1 QHTEUEMEN9
'ALLWI9 'ANDRI9 PAR'9 'AKLHRWI9 KAI "OTIOUN 'AN4 PEPONQENAI
MALLON 'H= 'KEINA TE DOXAZEIN KAI 'EKEINW$ ZHN:
<P 516E>
"OUTW$, 'EFH, 'EGWGE 'OIMAI, PAN MALLON PEPONQENAI 'AN4
DEXASQAI 'H= ZHN 'EKEINW$.
KAI TODE DH 'ENNOHSON2, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. 'EI PALIN "O TOIOUTO$
KATABA$ 'EI$ TON 'AUTON QAKON KAQIZOITO, 'A*R' 'OU SKOTOU$ 'AN74
'ANAPLEW$ SCOIH TOU$ 'OFQALMOU$, 'EXAIFNH$ "HKWN 'EK TOU*
"HLIOU:
KAI MALA G', 'EFH.
TA$ DE-DH SKIA$ 'EKEINA$ PALIN 'EI DEOI 'AUTON GNWMATEUONTA
DIAMILLASQAI TOI$ 'AEI DESMWTAI$ 'EKEINOI$, 'EN "WI 'AMBLUWTTEI0,


<P 517A>
PRIN KATASTHNAI0 TA 'OMMATA, "OUTO$ D' "O CRONO$ MH PANU
'OLIGO$ 'EIH TH$ SUNHQEIA$, 'A*R' 'OU GELWT' 'AN4 PARASCOI, KAI
LEGOITO 'AN4 PERI= 'AUTOU4 "W$ 'ANABA$ 'ANW DIEFQARMENO$ "HKEI0
TA 'OMMATA, KAI "OTI4 'OUK 'AXION 'OUDE PEIRASQAI 'ANW 'IENAI: KAI
TON 'EPICEIROUNTA LUEIN TE-KAI 'ANAGEIN, 'EI PW$ 'EN TAI$ CERSI
DUNAINTO LABEIN KAI 'APOKTEINEIN, 'APOKTEINUNAI 'AN4:
SFODRA G', 'EFH.
TAUTHN TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, THN 'EIKONA, 'W* FILE GLAUKWN,
<P 517B>
PROSAPTEON "APASAN TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN LEGOMENOI$, THN MEN
DI' 'OYEW$ FAINOMENHN "EDRAN THI TOU* DESMWTHRIOU 'OIKHSEI
'AFOMOIOUNTA, TO DE TOU* PURO$ 'EN 'AUTHI FW$ THI TOU* "HLIOU
DUNAMEI; THN DE 'ANW 'ANABASIN KAI QEAN TWN 'ANW THN 'EI$
TON NOHTON TOPON TH$ YUCH$ 'ANODON TIQEI=$ 'OUC "AMARTHSHI2
TH$ G' 'EMH$ 'ELPIDO$, 'EPEIDH TAUTH$ 'EPIQUMEI$ 'AKOUEIN. QEO$
DE-POU 'OIDEN 'EI 'ALHQH$ 'OUSA TUGCANEI0. TA D'-'OUN 'EMOI4
FAINOMENA "OUTW FAINETAI, 'EN TW*I GNWSTWI TELEUTAI=A "H TOU*
<P 517C>
'AGAQOU 'IDEA KAI MOGI$ "ORASQAI, 'OFQEISA DE SULLOGISTEA
'EINAI "W$ 'A=RA PASI PANTWN "AU=TH 'ORQWN TE-KAI KALWN 'AITIA,
'EN TE "ORATWI FW$ KAI TON TOUTOU KURION TEKOUSA, 'EN TE NOHTWI
'AUTH KURIA 'ALHQEIAN KAI NOUN PARASCOMENH, KAI "OTI4 DEI TAUTHN
'IDEIN TON MELLONTA 'EMFRONW$ PRAXEIN 'H= 'IDIA\ 'H= DHMOSIA\.
SUNOIOMAI, 'EFH, KAI 'EGW, "ON GE-DH TROPON DUNAMAI.
'IQI TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI TODE SUNOIHQHTI KAI MH QAUMASHI$
"OTI4 "OI 'ENTAUQA 'ELQONTE$ 'OUK 'EQELOUSIN0 TA TWN 'ANQRWPWN
PRATTEIN, 'ALL' 'ANW 'AEI 'EPEIGONTAI 'AUTWN "AI YUCAI DIATRIBEIN;
<P 517D>
'EIKO$ GAR-POU "OUTW$, 'EIPER 'AU KATA THN PROEIRHMENHN 'EIKONA
TOUT' 'ECEI0.
'EIKO$ MENTOI, 'EFH.
TI= DE: TODE 'OIEI TI QAUMASTON, 'EI 'APO QEIWN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW,
QEWRIWN 'EPI TA 'ANQRW=PEIA TI$ 'ELQWN KAKA 'ASCHMONEI0 TE-KAI
FAINETAI SFODRA GELOIO$ 'ETI 'AMBLUWTTWN KAI PRIN
"IKANW$ SUNHQH$ GENESQAI TW*I PARONTI SKOTWI 'ANAGKAZOMENO$
'EN DIKASTHRIOI$ 'H= 'ALLOQI POU 'AGWNIZESQAI PERI= TWN TOU*
DIKAIOU SKIWN 'H= 'AGALMATWN "WN "AI SKIAI, KAI DIAMILLASQAI
<P 517E>
PERI= TOUTOU, "OPHI POTE "UPOLAMBANETAI TAUTA "UPO TWN 'AUTHN
DIKAIOSUNHN MH PWPOTE 'IDONTWN3:
'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN QAUMASTON, 'EFH.


<P 518A>
'ALL' 'EI NOUN GE 'ECOI TI$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, MEMNHIT' 'AN4 "OTI4
DITTAI KAI 'APO DITTWN GIGNONTAI 'EPITARAXEI$ 'OMMASIN, 'EK TE
FWTO$ 'EI$ SKOTO$ MEQISTAMENWN KAI 'EK SKOTOU$ 'EI$ FW$.
'TAUTA DE TAUTA NOMISA$ GIGNESQAI KAI PERI= YUCHN, "OPOTE
'IDOI QORUBOUMENHN TINA KAI 'ADUNATOUSAN TI KAQORAN, 'OUK
'AN4 'ALOGISTW$ GELWI, 'ALL' 'EPISKOPOI 'AN4 POTERON 'EK FANOTEROU
BIOU "HKOUSA "UPO 'AHQEIA$ 'ESKOTWTAI, 'H= 'EX 'AMAQIA$
PLEIONO$ 'EI$ FANOTERON 'IOUSA "UPO LAMPROTEROU MARMARUGH$
<P 518B>
'EMPEPLHSTAI, KAI "OUTW DH THN MEN 'EUDAIMONISEIEN 'AN4 TOU*
PAQOU$ TE-KAI BIOU, THN DE 'ELEHSEIEN, KAI 'EI GELAN 'EP' 'AUTHI
BOULOITO, "HTTON 'AN4 KATAGELASTO$ "O GELW$ 'AUTWI 'EIH 'H= "O
'EPI THI 'ANWQEN 'EK FWTO$ "HKOUSHI.
KAI MALA, 'EFH, METRIW$ LEGEI$.
DEI DH, 'EIPON, "HMA$ TOIONDE NOMISAI0 PERI= 'AUTWN, 'EI TAUT'
'ALHQH; THN PAIDEIAN 'OUC "OIAN TINE$ 'EPAGGELLOMENOI FASIN0
'EINAI TOIAUTHN KAI 'EINAI. FASI0 DE-POU 'OUK 'ENOUSH$ 'EN THI
<P 518C>
YUCHI 'EPISTHMH$ SFEI$ 'ENTIQENAI, "OION TUFLOI$ 'OFQALMOI$
'OYIN 'ENTIQENTE$.
FASI0 GAR-'OUN, 'EFH.
"O DE-GE NU*N LOGO$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, SHMAINEI0 TAUTHN THN
'ENOUSAN "EKASTOU DUNAMIN 'EN THI YUCHI KAI TO 'ORGANON "WI
KATAMANQANEI0 "EKASTO$, "OION 'EI 'OMMA MH DUNATON 'H*N 'ALLW$
'H= SUN "OLWI TW*I SWMATI STREFEIN PRO$ TO FANON 'EK TOU*
SKOTWDOU$, "OUTW SUN "OLHI THI YUCHI 'EK TOU* GIGNOMENOU PERIAKTEON
'EINAI, "EW$ 'AN4 'EI$ TO 'ON KAI TOU* 'ONTO$ TO FANOTATON
DUNATH GENHTAI 'ANASCESQAI QEWMENH; TOUTO D' 'EINAI FAMEN
<P 518D>
'TAGAQON. 'H*-GAR:
NAI.
TOUTOU TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'AUTOU4 TECNH 'AN4 'EIH, TH$
PERIAGWGH$, TI=NA TROPON "W$ "RA*ISTA TE-KAI 'ANUSIMWTATA
METASTRAFHSETAI, 'OU TOU* 'EMPOIHSAI0 'AUTWI TO "ORAN, 'ALL' "W$
'ECONTI MEN 'AUTO, 'OUK 'ORQW$ DE TETRAMMENWI 'OUDE BLEPONTI
"OI*4 'EDEI, TOUTO DIAMHCANHSASQAI.
'EOIKEN0 GAR, 'EFH.
"AI MEN-TOINUN 'ALLAI 'ARETAI KALOUMENAI0 YUCH$ KINDUNEUOUSIN0
'EGGU$ TI 'EINAI TWN TOU* SWMATO$ % TW*I-'ONTI GAR
<P 518E>
'OUK 'ENOUSAI PROTERON "USTERON 'EMPOIEISQAI 'EQESI KAI 'ASKHSESIN %
"H DE TOU* FRONHSAI0 PANTO$ MALLON QEIOTEROU TINO$
TUGCANEI0, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'OUSA, "O= THN MEN DUNAMIN 'OUDEPOTE
'APOLLUSIN0, "UPO DE TH$ PERIAGWGH$ CRHSIMON TE-KAI 'WFELIMON


<P 519A>
KAI 'ACRHSTON 'AU KAI BLABERON GIGNETAI. 'H= 'OUPW 'ENNENOHKA$,
TWN LEGOMENWN PONHRWN MEN, SOFWN DE, "W$ DRIMU MEN BLEPEI0
TO YUCARION KAI 'OXEW$ DIORA*I0 TAUTA 'EF' "A TETRAPTAI, "W$
'OU FAULHN 'ECON THN 'OYIN, KAKIA\ D' 'HNAGKASMENON "UPHRETEIN,
"WSTE "OSWI 'AN4 'OXUTERON BLEPHI5, TOSOUTWI PLEIW KAKA
'ERGAZOMENON:
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
TOUTO MENTOI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TO TH$ TOIAUTH$ FUSEW$ 'EI
'EK PAIDO$ 'EUQU$ KOPTOMENON PERIEKOPH TA$ TH$ GENESEW$
<P 519B>
SUGGENEI$ "WSPER MOLUBDIDA$, "AI=4 DH 'EDWDAI$ TE-KAI TOIOUTWN
"HDONAI$ TE-KAI LICNEIAI$ PROSFUEI$ GIGNOMENAI PERI=8 KATW
STREFOUSI0 THN TH$ YUCH$ 'OYIN; "WN 'EI 'APALLAGEN PERIESTREFETO
'EI$ TA 'ALHQH, KAI 'EKEINA 'AN4 TO 'AUTO TOUTO TWN 'AUTWN
'ANQRWPWN 'OXUTATA "EWRA, "WSPER KAI 'EF' "A NU*N TETRAPTAI.
'EIKO$ GE, 'EFH.
TI= DE: TODE 'OUK 'EIKO$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI 'ANAGKH 'EK TWN
PROEIRHMENWN, MHTE TOU$ 'APAIDEUTOU$ KAI 'ALHQEIA$ 'APEIROU$
<P 519C>
"IKANW$ 'AN4 POTE POLIN 'EPITROPEUSAI0, MHTE TOU$ 'EN PAIDEIA\
'EWMENOU$ DIATRIBEIN DIA= TELOU$, TOU$ MEN "OTI4 SKOPON 'EN
TW*I BIWI 'OUK 'ECOUSIN0 "ENA, "OU2 STOCAZOMENOU$ DEI "APANTA
PRATTEIN "A 'AN4 PRATTWSIN 'IDIA\ TE-KAI DHMOSIA\, TOU$ DE "OTI4
"EKONTE$ 'EINAI 'OU PRAXOUSIN2, "HGOUMENOI 'EN MAKARWN NHSOI$
ZWNTE$ 'ETI 'APWIKISQAI:
'ALHQH, 'EFH.
"HMETERON DH 'ERGON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TWN 'OIKISTWN TA$ TE
BELTISTA$ FUSEI$ 'ANAGKASAI0 'AFIKESQAI PRO$ TO MAQHMA
"O= 'EN TW*I PROSQEN 'EFAMEN 'EINAI MEGISTON, 'IDEIN TE TO 'AGAQON
<P 519D>
KAI 'ANABHNAI0 'EKEINHN THN 'ANABASIN, KAI 'EPEIDAN 'ANABANTE$
"IKANW$ 'IDWSI, MH 'EPITREPEIN 'AUTOI$ "O= NU*N 'EPITREPETAI.
TO POI*ON DH:
TO 'AUTOU2, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KATAMENEIN0 KAI MH 'EQELEIN PALIN
KATABAINEIN PAR' 'EKEINOU$ TOU$ DESMWTA$ MHDE METECEIN TWN
PAR' 'EKEINOI$ PONWN TE-KAI TIMWN, 'EI=TE FAULOTERAI 'EI=TE
SPOUDAIOTERAI.
'EPEIT', 'EFH, 'ADIKHSOMEN 'AUTOU$, KAI POIHSOMEN CEIRON
ZHN, DUNATON 'AUTOI$ 'ON 'AMEINON:
<P 519E>
'EPELAQOU, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PALIN, 'W* FILE, "OTI4 NOMWI 'OU TOUTO
MELEI0, "OPW$ "EN TI GENO$ 'EN POLEI DIAFERONTW$ 'EU PRAXEI2,
'ALL' 'EN "OLHI THI POLEI TOUTO MHCANATAI0 'EGGENESQAI, SUNARMOTTWN
TOU$ POLITA$ PEIQOI TE-KAI 'ANAGKHI, POIW*N METADIDONAI


<P 520A>
'ALLHLOI$ TH$ 'WFELIA$ "HN 'AN4 "EKASTOI TO KOINON DUNATOI
'WSIN 'WFELEIN KAI 'AUTO$ 'EMPOIWN TOIOUTOU$ 'ANDRA$ 'EN THI
POLEI, 'OUC "INA 'AFIHI5 TREPESQAI "OPHI "EKASTO$ BOULETAI, 'ALL'
"INA KATACRHTAI2 'AUTO$ 'AUTOI$ 'EPI TON SUNDESMON TH$ POLEW$.
'ALHQH, 'EFH; 'EPELAQOMHN GAR.
SKEYAI TOINUN, 'EIPON, 'W* GLAUKWN, "OTI4 'OUD' 'ADIKHSOMEN
TOU$ PAR' "HMIN FILOSOFOU$ GIGNOMENOU$, 'ALLA= DI=KAIA PRO$
'AUTOU$ 'EROUMEN2, PROSANAGKAZONTE$ TWN 'ALLWN 'EPIMELEISQAI
TE-KAI FULATTEIN. 'EROUMEN2 GAR "OTI4 "OI MEN 'EN TAI$ 'ALLAI$
<P 520B>
POLESI TOIOUTOI GIGNOMENOI 'EIKOTW$ 'OU METECOUSI0 TWN 'EN
'AUTAI$ PONWN; 'AUTOMATOI GAR 'EMFUONTAI 'AKOUSH$ TH$ 'EN
"EKASTHI POLITEIA$, DIKHN D' 'ECEI0 TO GE 'AUTOFUE$ MHDENI
TROFHN 'OFEILON MHD' 'EKTINEIN TWI PROQUMEISQAI TA TROFEIA;
"UMA$ D' "HMEI$ "UMIN TE 'AUTOI$ THI TE 'ALLHI POLEI "WSPER 'EN
SMHNESIN "HGEMONA$ TE-KAI BASILEA$ 'EGENNHSAMEN, 'AMEINON
TE-KAI TELEWTERON 'EKEINWN PEPAIDEUMENOU$ KAI MALLON DUNATOU$
<P 520C>
'AMFOTERWN METECEIN. KATABATEON 'OUN 'EN MEREI
"EKASTWI 'EI$ THN TWN 'ALLWN SUNOIKHSIN KAI SUNEQISTEON
TA SKOTEINA QEASASQAI; SUNEQIZOMENOI GAR MURIWI BELTION
'OYESQE TWN 'EKEI KAI GNWSESQE "EKASTA TA 'EIDWLA "ATTA
'ESTI KAI "WN, DIA= TO 'TALHQH "EWRAKENAI KALWN TE-KAI DIKAIWN
KAI 'AGAQWN PE=RI. KAI "OUTW "UPAR "HMIN KAI "UMIN "H POLI$
'OIKHSETAI 'ALL' 'OUK 'ONAR, "W$ NU*N "AI POLLAI "UPO SKIAMACOUNTWN0
TE PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ KAI STASIAZONTWN0 PERI= TOU* 'ARCEIN
<P 520D>
'OIKOUNTAI, "W$ MEGALOU TINO$ 'AGAQOU 'ONTO$. TO DE-POU
'ALHQE$ "WD' 'ECEI0; 'EN POLEI "HI "HKISTA PROQUMOI 'ARCEIN "OI MELLONTE$
'ARXEIN, TAUTHN 'ARISTA KAI 'ASTASIASTOTATA 'ANAGKH
'OIKEISQAI, THN D' 'ENANTIOU$ 'ARCONTA$ SCOUSAN 'ENANTIW$.
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
'APEIQHSOUSIN2 'OUN "HMIN 'OIEI "OI TROFIMOI TAUT' 'AKOUONTE$,
KAI 'OUK 'EQELHSOUSIN2 SUMPONEIN 'EN THI POLEI "EKASTOI 'EN MEREI,
TON DE POLUN CRONON MET' 'ALLHLWN 'OIKEIN 'EN TW*I KAQARWI:
<P 520E>
'ADUNATON, 'EFH; DI=KAIA GAR-DH DIKAIOI$ 'EPITAXOMEN.
PANTO$ MHN MALLON "W$ 'EP' 'ANAGKAION 'AUTWN "EKASTO$ 'EI*SI
TO 'ARCEIN, 'TOUNANTION TWN NU*N 'EN "EKASTHI POLEI 'ARCONTWN0.
"OUTW GAR 'ECEI0, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* "ETAIRE; 'EI MEN BION 'EXEURHSEI$


<P 521A>
'AMEINW TOU* 'ARCEIN TOI$ MELLOUSIN4 'ARXEIN, 'ESTI SOI4 DUNATH
GENESQAI POLI$ 'EU 'OIKOUMENH; 'EN MONHI GAR 'AUTHI 'ARXOUSIN2
"OI TW*I-'ONTI PLOUSIOI, 'OU CRUSIOU 'ALL' "OU2 DEI TON 'EUDAIMONA
PLOUTEIN, ZWH$ 'AGAQH$ TE-KAI 'EMFRONO$. 'EI DE PTWCOI KAI
PEINWNTE$ 'AGAQWN 'IDIWN 'EPI TA DHMO=SIA 'IASIN, 'ENTEUQEN
'OIOMENOI 'TAGAQON DEIN "ARPAZEIN, 'OUK 'ESTI; PERIMACHTON
GAR TO 'ARCEIN GIGNOMENON, 'OIKEIO$ 'WN KAI 'ENDON "O TOIOUTO$
POLEMO$ 'AUTOU$ TE 'APOLLUSI0 KAI THN 'ALLHN POLIN.
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH.
<P 521B>
'ECEI$ 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, BION 'ALLON TINA POLITIKWN 'ARCWN
KATAFRONOUNTA 'H= TON TH$ 'ALHQINH$ FILOSOFIA$:
'OU MA TON DI=A 'H*-D'-"O$.
'ALLA=-MENTOI DEI GE MH 'ERASTA$ TOU* 'ARCEIN 'IENAI 'EP'
'AUTO; 'EI DE MH, "OI GE 'ANTERASTAI MACOUNTAI.
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
TI=NA$ 'OUN 'ALLOU$ 'ANAGKASEI$ 'IENAI 'EPI FULAKHN TH$
POLEW$ 'H= "OI=4 PERI= TOUTWN TE FRONIMWTATOI DI' "WN 'ARISTA
POLI$ 'OIKEITAI, 'ECOUSI0 TE TIMA$ 'ALLA$ KAI BION 'AMEINW TOU*
POLITIKOU:
'OUDENA$ 'ALLOU$, 'EFH.
<P 521C>
BOULEI 'OUN TOUT' 'HDH SKOPWMEN, TI=NA TROPON "OI TOIOUTOI
'EGGENHSONTAI, KAI PW*$ TI$ 'ANAXEI2 'AUTOU$ 'EI$ FW$, "WSPER
'EX "AIDOU LEGONTAI DH TINE$ 'EI$ QEOU$ 'ANELQEIN:
PW*$ GAR 'OU BOULOMAI: 'EFH.
TOUTO DH, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'OUK 'OSTRAKOU 'AN4 'EIH PERISTROFH,
'ALLA= YUCH$ PERIAGWGH 'EK NUKTERINH$ TINO$ "HMERA$ 'EI$
'ALHQINHN, TOU* 'ONTO$ 'OUSAN 'EPANODON, "HN DH FILOSOFIAN
'ALHQH FHSOMEN 'EINAI.
PANU MEN-'OUN.
'OUKOU*N DEI SKOPEISQAI TI= TWN MAQHMATWN 'ECEI0 TOIAUTHN
<P 521D>
DUNAMIN:
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
TI= 'AN4 'OUN 'EIH, 'W* GLAUKWN, MAQHMA YUCH$ "OLKON 'APO
TOU* GIGNOMENOU 'EPI TO 'ON: TODE D' 'ENNOW0 LEGWN "AMA; 'OUK
'AQLHTA$ MENTOI POLEMOU 'EFAMEN TOUTOU$ 'ANAGKAION 'EINAI
NEOU$ 'ONTA$:
'EFAMEN GAR.
DEI 'A=RA-KAI TOUTO PROSECEIN TO MAQHMA "O= ZHTOUMEN
PRO$ 'EKEINWI.
TO POI*ON:
MH 'ACRHSTON POLEMIKOI$ 'ANDRASIN 'EINAI.
DEI MENTOI, 'EFH, 'EIPER "OION-TE.
GUMNASTIKHI MHN-KAI MOUSIKHI 'EN GE TW*I PROSQEN 'EPAIDEUONTO
<P 521E>
"HMIN.
'H*N TAUTA, 'EFH.
KAI GUMNASTIKH MEN-POU PERI= GIGNOMENON KAI 'APOLLUMENON
TETEUTAKEN0; SWMATO$ GAR 'AUXH$ KAI FQISEW$
'EPISTATEI0.
FAINETAI.
TOUTO MEN-DH 'OUK 'AN4 'EIH "O= ZHTOUMEN MAQHMA.


<P 522A>
'OU-GAR.
'ALL' 'A*RA MOUSIKH "OSHN TO PROTERON DIHLQOMEN:
'ALL' 'H*N 'EKEINH G', 'EFH, 'ANTISTROFO$ TH$ GUMNASTIKH$,
'EI MEMNHSAI, 'EQESI PAIDEUOUSA TOU$ FULAKA$, KATA TE "ARMONIAN
'EUARMOSTIAN TINA, 'OUK 'EPISTHMHN, PARADIDOUSA, KAI
KATA "RUQMON 'EURUQMIAN, 'EN TE TOI$ LOGOI$ "E=TERA TOUTWN
'ADELFA 'EQH 'ATTA 'ECOUSA, KAI "OSOI MUQWDEI$ TWN LOGWN
KAI "OSOI 'ALHQINWTEROI 'HSAN; MAQHMA DE PRO$ TOIOUTON TI
<P 522B>
'AGON, "OION SU NU*N ZHTEI$, 'OUDEN 'H*N 'EN 'AUTHI.
'AKRIBESTATA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ANAMIMNHISKEI$ ME; TW*I GAR 'ONTI
TOIOUTON 'OUDEN 'EICEN. 'ALL', 'W* DAIMONIE GLAUKWN, TI= 'AN4
'EIH TOIOUTON: "AI TE-GAR TECNAI BANAUSOI POU "APASAI
'EDOXAN 'EINAI %
PW*$ D' 'OU=: KAI-MHN TI= 'ET' 'ALLO LEIPETAI MAQHMA, MOUSIKH$
KAI GUMNASTIKH$ KAI TWN TECNWN KECWRISMENON:
FERE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EI MHDEN 'ETI 'EKTO$ TOUTWN 'ECOMEN
LABEIN, TWN 'EPI PANTA TEINONTWN0 TI LABWMEN.
TO POI*ON:
<P 522C>
"OION TOUTO TO KOINON, "WI PASAI PROSCRWNTAI0 TECNAI TE-KAI
DIANOIAI KAI 'EPISTHMAI % "O= KAI PANTI 'EN PRWTOI$ 'ANAGKH
MANQANEIN.
TO POI*ON: 'EFH.
TO FAULON TOUTO, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TO "EN TE-KAI TA DUO KAI
TA TRIA DIAGIGNWSKEIN; LEGW0 DE 'AUTO 'EN KEFALAIWI 'ARIQMON
TE-KAI LOGISMON. 'H= 'OUC "OUTW PERI= TOUTWN 'ECEI0, "W$ PASA
TECNH TE-KAI 'EPISTHMH 'ANAGKAZETAI 'AUTWN METOCO$ GIGNESQAI:
KAI MALA, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI "H POLEMIKH:
POLLH, 'EFH, 'ANAGKH.
<P 522D>
PAGGELOION GOUN, 'EFHN, STRATHGON 'AGAMEMNONA 'EN
TAI$ TRAGWIDIAI$ PALAMHDH$ "EKASTOTE 'APOFAINEI0. 'H= 'OUK
'ENNENOHKA$ "OTI4 FHSIN 'ARIQMON "EURWN TA$ TE TAXEI$ TW*I
STRATOPEDWI KATASTHSAI0 'EN 'ILIWI KAI 'EXARIQMHSAI0 NAU$ TE-KAI
'TALLA PANTA, "W$ PRO TOU* 'ANARIQMHTWN 'ONTWN0 KAI TOU*
'AGAMEMNONO$, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'OUD' "OSOU$ PODA$ 'EICEN 'EIDOTO$,
'EIPER 'ARIQMEIN MH 'HPISTATO: KAITOI POI*ON TIN' 'AUTON 'OIEI
STRATHGON 'EINAI:
'ATOPON TIN', 'EFH, 'EGWGE, 'EI 'H*N TOUT' 'ALHQE$.
<P 522E>
'ALLO TI 'OUN, 'H*N D' 'EGW, MAQHMA 'ANAGKAION POLEMIKWI
'ANDRI QHSOMEN LOGIZESQAI TE-KAI 'ARIQMEIN DUNASQAI:
PANTWN G', 'EFH, MALISTA, 'EI KAI "OTIOUN MELLEI0 TAXEWN
'EPAIEIN, MALLON D' 'EI KAI 'ANQRWPO$ 'ESESQAI.
'ENNOEI$ 'OUN, 'EIPON, PERI= TOUTO TO MAQHMA "OPER 'EGW:
TO POI*ON:


<P 523A>
KINDUNEUEI0 TWN PRO$ THN NOHSIN 'AGONTWN0 FUSEI 'EINAI
"WN ZHTOUMEN, CRHSQAI D' 'OUDEI$ 'AUTWI 'ORQW$, "ELKTIKWI 'ONTI
PANTAPASI PRO$ 'OUSIAN.
PW*$, 'EFH, LEGEI$:
'EGW PEIRASOMAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TO G' 'EMOI4 DOKOUN DHLWSAI0.
"A GAR DIAIROUMAI PAR' 'EMAUTWI 'AGWGA TE 'EINAI "OI*4 LEGOMEN
KAI MH, SUNQEATH$ GENOMENO$ SUMFAQI 'H= 'APEIPE, "INA KAI
TOUTO SAFESTERON 'IDWMEN 'EI 'ESTIN "OION MANTEUOMAI.
DEIKNU' 'EFH.
DEIKNUMI DH, 'EIPON, 'EI KAQORA*I$0, TA MEN 'EN TAI$ 'AISQHSESIN
<P 523B>
'OU PARAKALOUNTA0 THN NOHSIN 'EI$ 'EPISKEYIN, "W$ "IKANW$
"UPO TH$ 'AISQHSEW$ KRINOMENA, TA DE PANTAPASI DIAKELEUOMENA
'EKEINHN 'EPISKEYASQAI, "W$ TH$ 'AISQHSEW$ 'OUDEN "UGIE$
POIOUSH$.
TA PORRWQEN, 'EFH, FAINOMENA DHLON "OTI4 LEGEI$ KAI TA
'ESKIAGRAFHMENA.
'OU PANU, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ETUCE$ "OU2 LEGW0.
POI*A MHN, 'EFH, LEGEI$:
TA MEN 'OU PARAKALOUNTA0, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OSA MH 'EKBAINEI0
<P 523C>
'EI$ 'ENANTIAN 'AISQHSIN "AMA; TA D' 'EKBAINONTA "W$ PARAKALOUNTA0
TIQHMI, 'EPEIDAN "H 'AISQHSI$ MHDEN MALLON TOUTO
'H= TO 'ENANTION DHLOI2, 'EI=T' 'EGGUQEN PROSPIPTOUSA 'EI=TE PORRWQEN.
"WDE DE "A LEGW0 SAFESTERON 'EISHI2. "OUTOI FAMEN
TREI$ 'AN4 'EIEN DAKTULOI, "O TE SMIKROTATO$ KAI "O DEUTERO$ KAI
"O MESO$.
PANU G', 'EFH.
"W$ 'EGGUQEN TOINUN "ORWMENOU$ LEGONTO$ MOU DIANOOU.
'ALLA= MOI PERI= 'AUTWN TODE SKOPEI5.
TO POI*ON:
DAKTULO$ MEN-POU 'AUTWN FAINETAI "OMOIW$ "EKASTO$, KAI
<P 523D>
TAUTHI GE 'OUDEN DIAFEREI0, 'EANTE 'EN MESWI "ORATAI2 'EANT' 'EP'
'ESCATWI, 'EANTE LEUKO$ 'EANTE MELA$, 'EANTE PACU$ 'EANTE LEPTO$,
KAI PAN "OTI2 TOIOUTON. 'EN PASI GAR TOUTOI$ 'OUK 'ANAGKAZETAI
TWN POLLWN "H YUCH THN NOHSIN 'EPERESQAI TI= POT' 'ESTI
DAKTULO$; 'OUDAMOU GAR "H 'OYI$ 'AUTHI "AMA 'ESHMHNEN TON
DAKTULON 'TOUNANTION 'H= DAKTULON 'EINAI.
'OU-GAR-'OUN, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EIKOTW$ TO GE TOIOUTON NOHSEW$ 'OUK
<P 523E>
'AN4 PARAKLHTIKON 'OUD' 'EGERTIKON 'EIH.
'EIKOTW$.
TI= DE-DH: TO MEGEQO$ 'AUTWN KAI THN SMIKROTHTA "H 'OYI$
'A*RA "IKANW$ "ORA*I0, KAI 'OUDEN 'AUTHI DIAFEREI0 'EN MESWI TINA
'AUTWN KEISQAI 'H= 'EP' 'ESCATWI: KAI "WSAUTW$ PACO$ KAI
LEPTOTHTA 'H= MALAKOTHTA KAI SKLHROTHTA "H "AFH: KAI "AI
'ALLAI 'AISQHSEI$ 'A*R' 'OUK 'ENDEW$ TA TOIAUTA DHLOUSIN0: 'H=


<P 524A>
"WDE POIEI0 "EKASTH 'AUTWN; PRWTON MEN "H 'EPI TW*I SKLHRWI
TETAGMENH 'AISQHSI$ 'HNAGKASTAI KAI 'EPI TW*I MALAKWI TETACQAI,
KAI PARAGGELLEI0 THI YUCHI "W$ 'TAUTON SKLHRON TE-KAI MALAKON
'AISQANOMENH:
"OUTW$, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ANAGKAION 'EN GE TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ 'AU
THN YUCHN 'APOREIN TI= POTE SHMAINEI0 "AU=TH "H 'AISQHSI$ TO
SKLHRON, 'EIPER TO 'AUTO KAI MALAKON LEGEI0, KAI "H TOU* KOUFOU
KAI "H TOU* BAREO$, TI= TO KOUFON KAI BARU, 'EI TO TE BARU
KOUFON KAI TO KOUFON BARU SHMAINEI0:
<P 524B>
KAI-GAR, 'EFH, "AUTAI GE 'ATOPOI THI YUCHI "AI "ERMHNEIAI
KAI 'EPISKEYEW$ DEOMENAI.
'EIKOTW$ 'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EN TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ PRWTON MEN
PEIRATAI0 LOGISMON TE-KAI NOHSIN YUCH PARAKALOUSA0 'EPISKOPEIN
'EI=TE "EN 'EI=TE DUO 'ESTIN "EKASTA TWN 'EISAGGELLOMENWN.
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
'OUKOU*N 'EA=N DUO FAINHTAI, "ETERON TE-KAI "EN "EKATERON
FAINETAI:
NAI.
'EI 'A=RA "EN "EKATERON, 'AMFO=TERA DE DUO, TA GE DUO KECWRISMENA
<P 524C>
NOHSEI2; 'OU-GAR 'AN4 'ACWRISTA GE DUO 'ENOEI, 'ALL' "EN.
'ORQW$.
MEGA MHN-KAI 'OYI$ KAI SMIKRON "EWRA, FAMEN, 'ALL' 'OU
KECWRISMENON 'ALLA= SUGKECUMENON TI. 'H*-GAR:
NAI.
DIA= DE THN TOUTOU SAFHNEIAN MEGA 'AU KAI SMIKRON "H
NOHSI$ 'HNAGKASQH 'IDEIN, 'OU SUGKECUMENA 'ALLA= DIWRISMENA,
'TOUNANTION 'H= 'KEINH.
'ALHQH.
'OUKOU*N 'ENTEUQEN POQEN PRWTON 'EPERCETAI 'ERESQAI "HMIN
TI= 'OUN POT' 'ESTI TO MEGA 'AU KAI TO SMIKRON:
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
KAI "OUTW DH TO MEN NOHTON, TO D' "ORATON 'EKALESAMEN.
<P 524D>
'ORQOTAT', 'EFH.
TAUTA TOINUN-KAI 'ARTI 'EPECEIROUN LEGEIN, "W$ TA MEN
PARAKLHTIKA TH$ DIANOIA$ 'ESTI, TA D' 'OU= "A MEN 'EI$ THN
'AISQHSIN "AMA TOI$ 'ENANTIOI$ "EAUTOI$ 'EMPIPTEI0, PARAKLHTIKA
"ORIZOMENO$, "OSA DE MH, 'OUK 'EGERTIKA TH$ NOHSEW$.
MANQANW0 TOINUN 'HDH, 'EFH, KAI DOKEI0 MOI "OUTW.
TI= 'OUN: 'ARIQMO$ TE-KAI TO "EN POTERWN DOKEI0 'EINAI:
'OU SUNNOW0, 'EFH.
'ALL' 'EK TWN PROEIRHMENWN, 'EFHN, 'ANALOGIZOU. 'EI MEN-GAR
"IKANW$ 'AUTO KAQ' "AUTO "ORATAI0 'H= 'ALLHI TINI 'AISQHSEI
<P 524E>
LAMBANETAI TO "EN, 'OUK 'AN4 "OLKON 'EIH 'EPI THN 'OUSIAN, "WSPER
'EPI TOU* DAKTULOU 'ELEGOMEN; 'EI D' 'AEI TI 'AUTWI "AMA "ORATAI0
'ENANTIWMA, "WSTE MHDEN MALLON "EN 'H=-KAI 'TOUNANTION FAINESQAI,
TOU* 'EPIKRINOUNTO$ DH DEOI 'AN4 'HDH KAI 'ANAGKAZOIT' 'AN4 'EN
'AUTWI YUCH 'APOREIN KAI ZHTEIN, KINOUSA 'EN "EAUTHI THN 'ENNOIAN,
KAI 'ANERWTAN TI= POTE 'ESTIN 'AUTO TO "EN, KAI "OUTW TWN


<P 525A>
'AGWGWN 'AN4 'EIH KAI METASTREPTIKWN 'EPI THN TOU* 'ONTO$ QEAN
"H PERI= TO "EN MAQHSI$.
'ALLA=-MENTOI, 'EFH, TOUTO G' 'ECEI0 'OUC "HKISTA "H PERI=
'AUTO 'OYI$; "AMA GAR 'TAUTON "W$ "EN TE "ORWMEN0 KAI "W$ 'APEIRA
TO PLHQO$.
'OUKOU*N 'EIPER TO "EN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI SUMPA$ 'ARIQMO$
'TAUTON PEPONQE0 TOUTO:
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
'ALLA=-MHN LOGISTIKH TE-KAI 'ARIQMHTIKH PERI= 'ARIQMON
PASA.
KAI MALA.
<P 525B>
TAUTA DE-GE FAINETAI 'AGWGA PRO$ 'ALHQEIAN.
"UPERFUW$ MEN-'OUN.
"WN ZHTOUMEN 'A=RA, "W$ 'EOIKE0, MAQHMATWN 'AN4 'EIH; POLEMIKWI
MEN-GAR DIA= TA$ TAXEI$ 'ANAGKAION MAQEIN TAUTA,
FILOSOFWI DE DIA= TO TH$ 'OUSIA$ "APTEON 'EINAI GENESEW$
'EXANADUNTI, 'H= MHDEPOTE LOGISTIKWI GENESQAI.
'ESTI TAUT', 'EFH.
"O DE-GE "HMETERO$ FULAX POLEMIKO$ TE-KAI FILOSOFO$
TUGCANEI0 'WN.
TI= MHN:
PROSHKON0 DH TO MAQHMA 'AN4 'EIH, 'W* GLAUKWN, NOMOQETHSAI0
KAI PEIQEIN TOU$ MELLONTA$ 'EN THI POLEI TWN MEGISTWN
<P 525C>
MEQEXEIN 'EPI LOGISTIKHN 'IENAI KAI 'ANQAPTESQAI 'AUTH$ MH
'IDIWTIKW$, 'ALL' "EW$ 'AN4 'EPI QEAN TH$ TWN 'ARIQMWN FUSEW$
'AFIKWNTAI THI NOHSEI 'AUTHI, 'OUK 'WNH$ 'OUDE PRASEW$ CARIN
"W$ 'EMPOROU$ 'H= KAPHLOU$ MELETWNTA$, 'ALL' "ENEKA POLEMOU TE-KAI
'AUTH$ TH$ YUCH$ "RA\STWNH$ METASTROFH$ 'APO GENESEW$
'EP' 'ALHQEIAN TE-KAI 'OUSIAN.
KALLIST', 'EFH, LEGEI$.
KAI-MHN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, NU*N KAI 'ENNOW0, "RHQENTO$ TOU* PERI=
<P 525D>
TOU$ LOGISMOU$ MAQHMATO$, "W$ KOMYON 'ESTI KAI POLLACHI
CRHSIMON "HMIN PRO$ "O= BOULOMEQA, 'EA=N TOU* GNWRIZEIN "ENEKA
TI$ 'AUTO 'EPITHDEUHI5 'ALLA= MH TOU* KAPHLEUEIN.
PH*I DH: 'EFH.
TOUTO GE, "O= NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN, "W$ SFODRA 'ANW POI 'AGEI0
THN YUCHN KAI PERI= 'AUTWN TWN 'ARIQMWN 'ANAGKAZEI0 DIALEGESQAI,
'OUDAMHI 'APODECOMENON 'EA=N TI$ 'AUTHI "ORATA 'H= "APTA
SWMATA 'ECONTA$ 'ARIQMOU$ PROTEINOMENO$ DIALEGHTAI. 'OISQA
GAR-POU TOU$ PERI= TAUTA DEINOU$ 'AU "W$, 'EA=N TI$ 'AUTO TO
<P 525E>
"EN 'EPICEIRHI5 TW*I LOGWI TEMNEIN, KATAGELWSI0 TE-KAI 'OUK 'APODECONTAI,
'ALL' 'EA=N SU KERMATIZHI$ 'AUTO, 'EKEINOI POLLAPLASIOUSIN0,
'EULABOUMENOI MH POTE FANHI TO "EN MH "EN 'ALLA=
POLLA MORIA.
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH, LEGEI$.


<P 526A>
TI= 'OUN 'OIEI, 'W* GLAUKWN, 'EI TI$ 'EROITO 'AUTOU$; 'W* QAUMASIOI,
PERI= POI=WN 'ARIQMWN DIALEGESQE0, 'EN "OI$ TO "EN "OION
"UMEI$ 'AXIOUTE0 'ESTIN, 'ISON TE "EKASTON PAN PANTI KAI-'OUDE
SMIKRON DIAFERON, MORION TE 'ECON 'EN "EAUTWI 'OUDEN: TI= 'AN4
'OIEI 'AUTOU$ 'APOKRINASQAI:
TOUTO 'EGWGE, "OTI4 PERI= TOUTWN LEGOUSIN0 "WN DIANOHQHNAI
MONON 'EGCWREI0, 'ALLW$ D' 'OUDAMW$ METACEIRIZESQAI DUNATON.
"ORA*I$0 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* FILE, "OTI4 TW*I-'ONTI 'ANAGKAION
<P 526B>
"HMIN KINDUNEUEI0 'EINAI TO MAQHMA, 'EPEIDH FAINETAI GE PROSANAGKAZON
'AUTHI THI NOHSEI CRHSQAI THN YUCHN 'EP' 'AUTHN
THN 'ALHQEIAN:
KAI-MEN-DH, 'EFH, SFO=DRA GE POIEI0 'AUTO.
TI= DE: TODE 'HDH 'EPESKEYW, "W$ "OI TE FUSEI LOGISTIKOI
'EI$ PANTA TA MAQHMATA "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN 'OXEI$ FUONTAI, "OI
TE BRADEI$, 'AN2 'EN TOUTWI PAIDEUQWSIN KAI GUMNASWNTAI, 'KAN2
MHDEN 'ALLO 'WFELHQWSIN, "OMW$ 'EI$ GE TO 'OXUTEROI 'AUTOI
"AUTWN GIGNESQAI PANTE$ 'EPIDIDOASIN:
'ESTIN, 'EFH, "OUTW.
<P 526C>
KAI-MHN, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, "A GE MEIZW PONON PARECEI0 MANQANONTI
KAI MELETWNTI, 'OUK 'AN4 "RA\DIW$ 'OUDE POLLA 'AN4 "EUROI$
"W$ TOUTO.
'OU-GAR-'OUN.
PANTWN DH "ENEKA TOUTWN 'OUK 'AFETEON TO MAQHMA, 'ALL'
"OI 'ARISTOI TA$ FUSEI$ PAIDEUTEOI 'EN 'AUTWI.
SUMFHMI, 'H*-D'-"O$.
TOUTO MEN-TOINUN, 'EIPON, "EN "HMIN KEISQW; DEUTERON DE TO
'ECOMENON TOUTOU SKEYWMEQA 'A*RA TI PROSHKEI0 "HMIN.
TO POI*ON: 'H= GEWMETRIAN, 'EFH, LEGEI$:
'AUTO TOUTO, 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
<P 526D>
"OSON MEN, 'EFH, PRO$ TA POLEMIKA 'AUTOU4 TEINEI0, DHLON "OTI4
PROSHKEI0; PRO$ GAR TA$ STRATOPEDEUSEI$ KAI KATALHYEI$
CWRIWN KAI SUNAGWGA$ KAI 'EKTASEI$ STRATIA$ KAI "OSA DH
'A=LLA SCHMATIZOUSI0 TA STRATOPEDA 'EN 'AUTAI$ TE TAI$ MACAI$
KAI POREIAI$ DIAFEROI 'AN4 'AUTO$ "AUTOU GEWMETRIKO$ TE-KAI
MH 'WN.
'ALL'-'OUN-DH, 'EIPON, PRO$ MEN TA TOIAUTA KAI BRACU TI
'AN4 'EXARKOI GEWMETRIA$ TE-KAI LOGISMWN MORION; TO DE POLU
'AUTH$ KAI PORRWTERW PROION SKOPEISQAI DEI 'EI TI PRO$ 'EKEINO
<P 526E>
TEINEI0, PRO$ TO POIEIN KATIDEIN "RA*ION THN TOU* 'AGAQOU 'IDEAN.
TEINEI0 DE, FAMEN, PANTA 'AUTOSE, "OSA 'ANAGKAZEI0 YUCHN 'EI$
'EKEINON TON TOPON METASTREFESQAI 'EN "WI 'ESTI TO 'EUDAIMONESTATON
TOU* 'ONTO$, "O= DEI 'AUTHN PANTI TROPWI 'IDEIN.
'ORQW$, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
'OUKOU*N 'EI MEN 'OUSIAN 'ANAGKAZEI0 QEASASQAI, PROSHKEI0, 'EI
DE GENESIN, 'OU PROSHKEI0.
FAMEN GE-DH.


<P 527A>
'OU-TOINUN TOUTO GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'AMFISBHTHSOUSIN2 "HMIN
"OSOI KAI SMIKRA GEWMETRIA$ 'EMPEIROI, "OTI4 "AU=TH "H 'EPISTHMH
PAN 'TOUNANTION 'ECEI0 TOI$ 'EN 'AUTHI LOGOI$ LEGOMENOI$ "UPO TWN
METACEIRIZOMENWN.
PW*$: 'EFH.
LEGOUSI0 MEN-POU MALA GELOIW$ TE-KAI 'ANAGKAIW$; "W$
GAR PRATTONTE$ TE-KAI PRAXEW$ "ENEKA PANTA$ TOU$ LOGOU$
POIOUMENOI LEGOUSIN0 TETRAGWNIZEIN TE-KAI PARATEINEIN KAI
PROSTIQENAI KAI PANTA "OUTW FQEGGOMENOI, TO D' 'ESTI POU
<P 527B>
PAN TO MAQHMA GNWSEW$ "ENEKA 'EPITHDEUOMENON.
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N TOUTO 'ETI DIOMOLOGHTEON:
TO POI*ON:
"W$ TOU* 'AEI 'ONTO$ GNWSEW$, 'ALLA= 'OU TOU* POTE TI GIGNOMENOU
KAI 'APOLLUMENOU.
'EUOMOLOGHTON, 'EFH; TOU* GAR 'AEI 'ONTO$ "H GEWMETRIKH
GNWSI$ 'ESTIN.
"OLKON 'A=RA, 'W* GENNAIE, YUCH$ PRO$ 'ALHQEIAN 'EIH 'AN4 KAI
'APERGASTIKON FILOSOFOU DIANOIA$ PRO$ TO 'ANW SCEIN "A NU*N
KATW 'OU DEON 'ECOMEN.
"W$ "OION-TE MALISTA, 'EFH.
<P 527C>
"W$ "OION-T' 'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, MALISTA PROSTAKTEON "OPW$ "OI
'EN THI KALLIPOLEI SOI4 MHDENI TROPWI GEWMETRIA$ 'AFEXONTAI.
KAI-GAR TA PARERGA 'AUTOU4 'OU SMIKRA.
POI*A: 'H*-D'-"O$.
"A TE-DH SU 'EIPE$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TA PERI= TON POLEMON, KAI-DH-KAI
PRO$ PASA$ MAQHSEI$, "WSTE KALLION 'APODECESQAI, 'ISMEN
POU "OTI4 TW*I "OLWI KAI PANTI DIOISEI2 "HMMENO$ TE GEWMETRIA$
KAI MH.
TW*I PANTI MENTOI NH DI=', 'EFH.
DEUTERON DH TOUTO TIQWMEN MAQHMA TOI$ NEOI$:
TIQWMEN, 'EFH.
<P 527D>
TI= DE: TRITON QWMEN 'ASTRONOMIAN: 'H= 'OU DOKEI0:
'EMOI4 GOUN, 'EFH; TO GAR PERI= "WRA$ 'EUAISQHTOTERW$ 'ECEIN
KAI MHNWN KAI 'ENIAUTWN 'OU MONON GEWRGIA\ 'OUDE NAUTILIA\
PROSHKEI0, 'ALLA=-KAI STRATHGIA\ 'OUC "HTTON.
"HDU$ 'EI*, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OTI4 'EOIKA$ DEDIOTI TOU$ POLLOU$, MH
DOKHI$ 'ACRHSTA MAQHMATA PROSTATTEIN. TO D' 'ESTIN 'OU
PANU FAULON 'ALLA= CALEPON PISTEUSAI0 "OTI4 'EN TOUTOI$ TOI$
MAQHMASIN "EKASTOU 'ORGANON TI YUCH$ 'EKKAQAIRETAI TE-KAI
<P 527E>
'ANAZWPUREITAI 'APOLLUMENON KAI TUFLOUMENON "UPO TWN 'ALLWN
'EPITHDEUMATWN, KREITTON 'ON SWQHNAI MURIWN 'OMMATWN; MONWI
GAR 'AUTWI 'ALHQEIA "ORATAI0. "OI$ MEN-'OUN TAUTA SUNDOKEI0
'AMHCANW$ "W$ 'EU DOXEI$ LEGEIN, "OSOI DE TOUTOU MHDAMHI
'HISQHMENOI-'EISIN 'EIKOTW$ "HGHSONTAI SE LEGEIN 'OUDEN; 'ALLHN
GAR 'AP' 'AUTWN 'OUC "ORWSIN0 'AXIAN LOGOU 'WFELIAN. SKOPEI5


<P 528A>
'OUN 'AUTOQEN PRO$ POTEROU$ DIALEGHI0; 'H= 'OUDE PRO$ "ETEROU$,
'ALLA= SAUTOU "ENEKA TO MEGISTON POIHI0 TOU$ LOGOU$, FQONOI$
MHN-'OUD' 'AN4 'ALLWI, 'EI TI$ TI DUNAITO 'AP' 'AUTWN 'ONASQAI.
"OUTW$, 'EFH, "AIROUMAI, 'EMAUTOU "ENEKA TO PLEISTON LEGEIN
TE-KAI 'ERWTAN KAI 'APOKRINESQAI.
'ANAGE TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EI$ 'TOUPISW; NUNDH GAR 'OUK
'ORQW$ TO "EXH$ 'ELABOMEN THI GEWMETRIA\.
PW*$ LABONTE$: 'EFH.
META 'EPIPEDON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EN PERIFORA*I 'ON 'HDH STEREON
<P 528B>
LABONTE$, PRIN 'AUTO KAQ' "AUTO LABEIN; 'ORQW$ DE 'ECEI0 "EXH$
META DEUTERAN 'AUXHN TRITHN LAMBANEIN. 'ESTI DE-POU TOUTO
PERI= THN TWN KUBWN 'AUXHN KAI TO BAQOU$ METECON.
'ESTI GAR, 'EFH; 'ALLA= TAUTA GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, DOKEI0 'OUPW
"HURHSQAI.
DITTA GAR, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TA 'AITIA; "OTI4 TE 'OUDEMIA POLI$
'ENTIMW$ 'AUTA 'ECEI0, 'ASQENW$ ZHTEITAI CALEPA 'ONTA, 'EPISTATOU
TE DEONTAI "OI ZHTOUNTE$, 'ANEU "OU2 'OUK 'AN4 "EUROIEN, "ON PRWTON
MEN GENESQAI CALEPON, 'EPEITA KAI GENOMENOU, "W$ NU*N 'ECEI0,
<P 528C>
'OUK 'AN4 PEIQOINTO "OI PERI= TAUTA ZHTHTIKOI MEGALOFRONOUMENOI.
'EI DE POLI$ "OLH SUNEPISTATOI 'ENTIMW$ 'AGOUSA 'AUTA, "OUTOI
TE 'AN4 PEIQOINTO KAI SUNECW$ TE 'AN4 KAI 'ENTONW$ ZHTOUMENA
'EKFANH GENOITO "OPHI 'ECEI0; 'EPEI KAI NU*N "UPO TWN POLLWN
'ATIMAZOMENA KAI KOLOUOMENA, "UPO DE TWN ZHTOUNTWN0 LOGON
'OUK 'ECONTWN0 KAQ' "OTI2 CRHSIMA, "OMW$ PRO$ "APANTA TAUTA
BIA\ "UPO CARITO$ 'AUXANETAI, KAI 'OUDEN QAUMASTON 'AUTA
FANHNAI.
<P 528D>
KAI-MEN-DH, 'EFH, TO GE 'EPICARI KAI DIAFERONTW$ 'ECEI0.
'ALLA= MOI SAFESTERON 'EIPE= "A NUNDH 'ELEGE$. THN MEN-GAR-POU
TOU* 'EPIPEDOU PRAGMATEIAN GEWMETRIAN 'ETIQEI$.
NAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
'EITA G', 'EFH, TO MEN PRWTON 'ASTRONOMIAN META TAUTHN,
"USTERON D' 'ANECWRHSA$.
SPEUDWN GAR, 'EFHN, TACU PANTA DIEXELQEIN MALLON
BRADUNW0; "EXH$ GAR 'OUSAN THN BAQOU$ 'AUXH$ MEQODON, "OTI4
THI ZHTHSEI GELOIW$ 'ECEI0, "UPERBA$ 'AUTHN META GEWMETRIAN
<P 528E>
'ASTRONOMIAN 'ELEGON, FORAN 'OUSAN BAQOU$.
'ORQW$, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
TETARTON TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TIQWMEN MAQHMA 'ASTRONOMIAN,
"W$ "UPARCOUSH$ TH$ NU*N PARALEIPOMENH$, 'EA=N 'AUTHN POLI$
METIHI5.
'EIKO$, 'H*-D'-"O$. KAI "O= GE NUNDH MOI, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EPEPLHXA$
PERI= 'ASTRONOMIA$ "W$ FORTIKW$ 'EPAINOUNTI, NU*N "HI SU METERCHI0


<P 529A>
'EPAINW0; PANTI GAR MOI DOKEI0 DHLON "OTI4 "AU=TH GE 'ANAGKAZEI0
YUCHN 'EI$ TO 'ANW "ORAN KAI 'APO TWN 'ENQENDE 'EKEISE 'AGEI0.
'ISW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PANTI DHLON PLHN 'EMOI4; 'EMOI4 GAR 'OU
DOKEI0 "OUTW$.
'ALLA= PW*$: 'EFH.
"W$ MEN NU*N 'AUTHN METACEIRIZONTAI "OI 'EI$ FILOSOFIAN
'ANAGONTE$, PANU POIEIN KATW BLEPEIN.
PW*$, 'EFH, LEGEI$:
'OUK 'AGENNW$ MOI DOKEI$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, THN PERI= TA 'ANW
MAQHSIN LAMBANEIN PARA SAUTWI "H=4 'ESTI; KINDUNEUEI$ GAR-KAI
<P 529B>
'EI TI$ 'EN 'OROFHI POIKILMATA QEWMENO$ 'ANAKUPTWN KATAMANQANOI
TI, "HGEISQAI 'AN4 'AUTON NOHSEI 'ALL' 'OUK 'OMMASI
QEWREIN. 'ISW$ 'OUN KALW$ "HGHI0, 'EGW D' 'EUHQIKW$. 'EGW GAR
'AU 'OU DUNAMAI 'ALLO TI NOMISAI0 'ANW POIOUN YUCHN BLEPEIN
MAQHMA 'H= 'EKEINO "O= 'AN4 PERI= TO 'ON TE 'HI KAI TO 'AORATON, 'EA=N
TE TI$ 'ANW KECHNW$ 'H= KATW SUMMEMUKW$ TWN 'AISQHTWN TI
'EPICEIRHI5 MANQANEIN, 'OUTE MAQEIN 'AN4 POTE FHMI 'AUTON % 'EPISTHMHN
<P 529C>
GAR 'OUDEN 'ECEIN TWN TOIOUTWN % 'OUTE 'ANW 'ALLA= KATW
'AUTOU4 BLEPEIN THN YUCHN, 'KAN2 'EX "UPTIA$ NEWN 'EN GHI 'H= 'EN
QALATTHI MANQANHI5.
DIKHN, 'EFH, 'ECW0; 'ORQW$ GAR MOI 'EPEPLHXA$. 'ALLA= PW*$ DH
'ELEGE$ DEIN 'ASTRONOMIAN MANQANEIN PARA "A NU*N MANQANOUSIN0,
'EI MELLOIEN 'WFELIMW$ PRO$ "A LEGOMEN MAQHSESQAI:
"WDE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. TAUTA MEN TA 'EN TW*I 'OURANWI POIKILMATA,
'EPEIPER 'EN "ORATWI PEPOIKILTAI, KALLISTA MEN "HGEISQAI KAI
<P 529D>
'AKRIBESTATA TWN TOIOUTWN 'ECEIN, TWN DE 'ALHQINWN POLU
'ENDEIN, "A$ TO 'ON TACO$ KAI "H 'OUSA BRADUTH$ 'EN TW*I 'ALHQINWI
'ARIQMWI KAI PASI TOI$ 'ALHQESI SCHMASI FORA$ TE PRO$
'ALLHLA FERETAI KAI TA 'ENONTA FEREI0, "A DH LOGWI MEN-KAI
DIANOIA\ LHPTA, 'OYEI D' 'OU=; 'H= SU 'OIEI:
'OUDAMW$ GE, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N, 'EIPON, THI PERI= TON 'OURANON POIKILIA\ PARADEIGMASI
CRHSTEON TH$ PRO$ 'EKEINA MAQHSEW$ "ENEKA, "OMOIW$ "WSPER 'AN4
<P 529E>
'EI TI$ 'ENTUCOI "UPO DAIDALOU 'H= TINO$ 'ALLOU DHMIOURGOU 'H=
GRAFEW$ DIAFERONTW$ GEGRAMMENOI$ KAI 'EKPEPONHMENOI$ DIAGRAMMASIN.
"HGHSAITO GAR 'AN4 POU TI$ 'EMPEIRO$ GEWMETRIA$,
'IDWN TA TOIAUTA, KALLISTA MEN 'ECEIN 'APERGASIA\, GELOION MHN
'EPISKOPEIN 'AUTA SPOUDHI "W$ THN 'ALHQEIAN 'EN 'AUTOI$ LHYOMENON


<P 530A>
'ISWN 'H= DIPLASIWN 'H= 'ALLH$ TINO$ SUMMETRIA$.
TI= D' 'OU MELLEI0 GELOION 'EINAI: 'EFH.
TW*I-'ONTI DH 'ASTRONOMIKON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ONTA 'OUK 'OIEI 'TAUTON
PEISESQAI 'EI$ TA$ TWN 'ASTRWN FORA$ 'APOBLEPONTA: NOMIEIN
MEN "W$ "OION-TE KALLISTA TA TOIAUTA 'ERGA SUSTHSASQAI, "OUTW
SUNESTANAI TW*I TOU* 'OURANOU DHMIOURGWI 'AUTON TE-KAI TA 'EN
'AUTWI; THN DE NUKTO$ PRO$ "HMERAN SUMMETRIAN KAI TOUTWN
PRO$ MHNA KAI MHNO$ PRO$ 'ENIAUTON KAI TWN 'ALLWN 'ASTRWN
<P 530B>
PRO$ TE TAUTA KAI PRO$ 'ALLHLA, 'OUK 'ATOPON, 'OIEI, "HGHSETAI
TON NOMIZONTA GIGNESQAI TE TAUTA 'AEI "WSAUTW$ KAI 'OUDAMHI
'OUDEN PARALLATTEIN, SWMA TE 'ECONTA KAI "ORWMENA, KAI ZHTEIN
PANTI TROPWI THN 'ALHQEIAN 'AUTWN LABEIN:
'EMOI4 GOUN DOKEI0, 'EFH, SOU4 NU*N 'AKOUONTI.
PROBLHMASIN 'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, CRWMENOI "WSPER GEWMETRIAN
"OUTW KAI 'ASTRONOMIAN METIMEN0, TA D' 'EN TW*I 'OURANWI 'EASOMEN,
'EI MELLOMEN 'ONTW$ 'ASTRONOMIA$ METALAMBANONTE$ CRHSIMON
<P 530C>
TO FUSEI FRONIMON 'EN THI YUCHI 'EX 'ACRHSTOU POIHSEIN.
'H* POLLAPLASION, 'EFH, TO 'ERGON 'H= "W$ NU*N 'ASTRONOMEITAI
PROSTATTEI$.
'OIMAI DE-GE, 'EIPON, KAI 'TALLA KATA TON 'AUTON TROPON
PROSTAXEIN "HMA$, 'EA=N TI "HMWN "W$ NOMOQETWN 'OFELO$ 'HI. 'ALLA=-GAR
TI 'ECEI$ "UPOMNHSAI0 TWN PROSHKONTWN0 MAQHMATWN:
'OUK 'ECW0, 'EFH, NU*N G' "OUTWSI.
'OU-MHN "EN, 'ALLA= PLEIW, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EIDH PARECETAI "H FORA,
<P 530D>
"W$ 'EGWIMAI. TA MEN-'OUN PANTA 'ISW$ "OSTI$ SOFO$ "EXEI2 'EIPEIN;
"A DE-KAI "HMIN PROFANH, DUO.
POI*A DH:
PRO$ TOUTWI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ANTISTROFON 'AUTOU4.
TO POI*ON:
KINDUNEUEI0, 'EFHN, "W$ PRO$ 'ASTRONOMIAN 'OMMATA PEPHGEN0,
"W=$ PRO$ 'ENARMONION FORAN 'WTA PAGHNAI, KAI "AUTAI 'ALLHLWN
'ADELFAI TINE$ "AI 'EPISTHMAI 'EINAI, "W$ "OI TE PUQAGOREIOI
FASI0 KAI "HMEI$, 'W* GLAUKWN, SUGCWROUMEN. 'H= PW*$
POIOUMEN:
"OUTW$, 'EFH.
<P 530E>
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EPEIDH POLU TO 'ERGON, 'EKEINWN PEUSOMEQA
PW*$ LEGOUSI0 PERI= 'AUTWN KAI 'EI TI 'ALLO PRO$ TOUTOI$;
"HMEI$ DE PARA PANTA TAUTA FULAXOMEN TO "HMETERON.
POI*ON:
MH POT' 'AUTWN TI 'ATELE$ 'EPICEIRWSIN "HMIN MANQANEIN "OU$
QREYOMEN, KAI 'OUK 'EXHKON0 'EKEISE 'AEI, "OI*4 PANTA DEI 'AFHKEIN,
"OION 'ARTI PERI= TH$ 'ASTRONOMIA$ 'ELEGOMEN. 'H= 'OUK 'OISQ' "OTI4


<P 531A>
KAI PERI= "ARMONIA$ "ETERON TOIOUTON POIOUSI0: TA$ GAR 'AKOUOMENA$
'AU SUMFWNIA$ KAI FQOGGOU$ 'ALLHLOI$ 'ANAMETROUNTE$
'ANHNUTA, "WSPER "OI 'ASTRONOMOI, PONOUSIN0.
NH TOU$ QEOU$, 'EFH, KAI GELOIW$ GE, PUKNWMAT' 'ATTA
'ONOMAZONTE$ KAI PARABALLONTE$ TA 'WTA, "OION 'EK GEITONWN
FWNHN QHREUOMENOI, "OI MEN FASIN0 'ETI KATAKOUEIN 'EN MESWI
TINA 'HCHN KAI SMIKROTATON 'EINAI TOUTO DIASTHMA, "WI METRHTEON,
"OI DE 'AMFISBHTOUNTE$ "W$ "OMOION 'HDH FQEGGOMENWN, 'AMFOTEROI
<P 531B>
'WTA TOU* NOU PROSTHSAMENOI.
SU MEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TOU$ CRHSTOU$ LEGEI$ TOU$ TAI$ CORDAI$
PRAGMATA PARECONTA$ KAI BASANIZONTA$, 'EPI TWN KOLLOPWN
STREBLOUNTA$; "INA DE MH MAKROTE=RA "H 'EIKWN GIGNHTAI
PLHKTRWI TE PLHGWN GIGNOMENWN KAI KATHGORIA$ PE=RI KAI
'EXARNHSEW$ KAI 'ALAZONEIA$ CORDWN, PAUOMAI TH$ 'EIKONO$
KAI 'OU FHMI TOUTOU$ LEGEIN, 'ALL' 'EKEINOU$ "OU$ 'EFAMEN NUNDH
PERI= "ARMONIA$ 'ERHSESQAI. 'TAUTON GAR POIOUSI0 TOI$ 'EN THI
<P 531C>
'ASTRONOMIA\; TOU$ GAR 'EN TAUTAI$ TAI$ SUMFWNIAI$ TAI$
'AKOUOMENAI$ 'ARIQMOU$ ZHTOUSIN0, 'ALL' 'OUK 'EI$ PROBLHMATA
'ANIASIN, 'EPISKOPEIN TI=NE$ SUMFWNOI 'ARIQMOI KAI TI=NE$ 'OU=,
KAI DIA= TI= "EKATEROI.
DAIMONION GAR, 'EFH, PRAGMA LEGEI$.
CRHSIMON MEN-'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PRO$ THN TOU* KALOU TE-KAI
'AGAQOU ZHTHSIN, 'ALLW$ DE METADIWKOMENON 'ACRHSTON.
'EIKO$ G', 'EFH.
'OIMAI DE-GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI "H TOUTWN PANTWN "WN DIELHLUQAMEN
<P 531D>
MEQODO$ 'EA=N MEN 'EPI THN 'ALLHLWN KOINWNIAN 'AFIKHTAI
KAI SUGGENEIAN, KAI SULLOGISQHI TAUTA "HI 'ESTIN 'ALLHLOI$
'OIKEI*A, FEREIN TI 'AUTWN 'EI$ "A BOULOMEQA THN PRAGMATEIAN
KAI 'OUK 'ANONHTA PONEISQAI, 'EI DE MH, 'ANONHTA.
KAI 'EGW, 'EFH, "OUTW MANTEUOMAI. 'ALLA= PAMPOLU 'ERGON
LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
TOU* PROOIMIOU, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'H= TI=NO$ LEGEI$: 'H= 'OUK 'ISMEN "OTI4
PANTA TAUTA PROOIMIA 'ESTIN 'AUTOU4 TOU* NOMOU "ON DEI MAQEIN:
'OU-GAR-POU DOKOUSI0 GE SOI4 "OI TAUTA DEINOI DIALEKTIKOI
<P 531E>
'EINAI.
'OU MA TON DI=', 'EFH, 'EI MH MALA GE TINE$ 'OLIGOI "WN 'EGW
'ENTETUCHKA.
'ALLA=-DH, 'EIPON, MH DUNATOI "OITINE$ DOUNAI0 TE-KAI 'APODEXASQAI
LOGON 'EISESQAI POTE TI "WN FAMEN DEIN 'EIDENAI:
'OUD' 'AU, 'EFH, TOUTO GE.


<P 532A>
'OUKOU*N, 'EIPON, 'W* GLAUKWN, "OUTO$ 'HDH 'AUTO$ 'ESTIN "O NOMO$
"ON TO DIALEGESQAI PERAINEI0: "ON KAI 'ONTA NOHTON MIMOIT' 'AN4
"H TH$ 'OYEW$ DUNAMI$, "HN 'ELEGOMEN PRO$ 'AUTA 'HDH TA ZWIA
'EPICEIREIN 'APOBLEPEIN KAI PRO$ 'AUTA TA7 'ASTRA TE-KAI
TELEUTAION DH PRO$ 'AUTON TON "HLION. "OUTW KAI "OTAN TI$ TW*I
DIALEGESQAI 'EPICEIRHI5 'ANEU PASWN TWN 'AISQHSEWN DIA= TOU*
LOGOU 'EP' 'AUTO "O= 'ESTIN "EKASTON "ORMAN, KAI MH 'APOSTHI6 PRIN
<P 532B>
'AN4 'AUTO "O= 'ESTIN 'AGAQON 'AUTHI NOHSEI LABHI6, 'EP' 'AUTWI GIGNETAI
TW*I TOU* NOHTOU TELEI, "WSPER 'EKEINO$ TO=TE 'EPI TW*I TOU* "ORATOU.
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
TI= 'OUN: 'OU DIALEKTIKHN TAUTHN THN POREIAN KALEI$0:
TI= MHN:
"H DE-GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, LUSI$ TE 'APO TWN DESMWN KAI
METASTROFH 'APO TWN SKIWN 'EPI TA 'EIDWLA KAI TO FW$ KAI 'EK
TOU* KATAGEIOU 'EI$ TON "HLION 'EPANODO$, KAI 'EKEI PRO$ MEN
TA ZWIA TE-KAI FUTA KAI TO TOU* "HLIOU FW$ 'ETI 'ADUNAMIA
<P 532C>
BLEPEIN, PRO$ DE TA 'EN "UDASI FANTASMATA QEI*A KAI SKIA$
TWN 'ONTWN0, 'ALL' 'OUK 'EIDWLWN SKIA$ DI' "ETEROU TOIOUTOU FWTO$
"W$ PRO$ "HLION KRINEIN0 'APOSKIAZOMENA$ % PASA "AU=TH "H PRAGMATEIA
TWN TECNWN "A$ DIHLQOMEN TAUTHN 'ECEI0 THN DUNAMIN
KAI 'EPANAGWGHN TOU* BELTISTOU 'EN YUCHI PRO$ THN TOU*
'ARISTOU 'EN TOI$ 'OUSI QEAN, "WSPER TO=TE TOU* SAFESTATOU 'EN
SWMATI PRO$ THN TOU* FANOTATOU 'EN TW*I SWMATOEIDEI TE-KAI
<P 532D>
"ORATWI TOPWI.
'EGW MEN, 'EFH, 'APODECOMAI "OUTW. KAITOI PANTAPASI GE
MOI DOKEI0 CALEPA MEN 'APODECESQAI 'EINAI, 'ALLON D' 'AU TROPON
CALEPA MH 'APODECESQAI. "OMW$ DE % 'OU-GAR 'EN TW*I NU*N
PARONTI MONON 'AKOUSTEA, 'ALLA=-KAI 'AUQI$ POLLAKI$ 'EPANITEON %
TAUTA QENTE$ 'ECEIN "W$ NU*N LEGETAI, 'EP' 'AUTON DH TON NOMON
'IWMEN, KAI DIELQWMEN "OUTW$ "WSPER TO PROOIMION DIHLQOMEN.
LEGE 'OUN TI=$ "O TROPO$ TH$ TOU* DIALEGESQAI DUNAMEW$, KAI
<P 532E>
KATA POI*A DH 'EIDH DIESTHKEN0, KAI TI=NE$ 'AU "ODOI; "AUTAI GAR 'AN4
'HDH, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "AI PRO$ 'AUTO 'AGOUSAI 'EIEN, "OI*4 'AFIKOMENWI
"WSPER "ODOU 'ANAPAULA 'AN4 'EIH KAI TELO$ TH$ POREIA$.


<P 533A>
'OUKET', 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* FILE GLAUKWN, "OIO$-T'-'ESHI 'AKOLOUQEIN %
'EPEI TO G' 'EMON 'OUDEN 'AN4 PROQUMIA$ 'APOLIPOI % 'OUD'
'EIKONA 'AN4 'ETI "OU2 LEGOMEN 'IDOI$, 'ALL' 'AUTO TO 'ALHQE$, "O= GE-DH
MOI FAINETAI % 'EI D' 'ONTW$ 'H= MH, 'OUKET' 'AXION TOUTO DIISCURIZESQAI;
'ALL' "OTI4 MEN-DH TOIOUTON TI 'IDEIN, 'ISCURISTEON.
'H*-GAR:
TI= MHN:
'OUKOU*N-KAI "OTI4 "H TOU* DIALEGESQAI DUNAMI$ MONH 'AN4
FHNEIEN 'EMPEIRWI 'ONTI "WN NUNDH DIHLQOMEN, 'ALLHI DE 'OUDAMHI
DUNATON:
KAI TOUT', 'EFH, 'AXION DIISCURIZESQAI.
<P 533B>
TODE GOUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OUDEI$ "HMIN 'AMFISBHTHSEI2 LEGOUSIN4,
"W$ 'AUTOU4 GE "EKASTOU PE=RI "O= 'ESTIN "EKASTON 'ALLH TI$ 'EPICEIREI0
MEQODO$ "ODWI PERI= PANTO$ LAMBANEIN. 'ALL' "AI MEN
'ALLAI PASAI TECNAI 'H= PRO$ DOXA$ 'ANQRWPWN KAI 'EPIQUMIA$
'EISIN 'H= PRO$ GENESEI$ TE-KAI SUNQESEI$, 'H= PRO$ QERAPEIAN TWN
FUOMENWN TE-KAI SUNTIQEMENWN "APASAI TETRAFATAI; "AI DE
LOIPAI, "A$ TOU* 'ONTO$ TI 'EFAMEN 'EPILAMBANESQAI, GEWMETRIA$
TE-KAI TA$ TAUTHI "EPOMENA$, "ORWMEN0 "W$ 'ONEIRWTTOUSI0 MEN
<P 533C>
PERI= TO 'ON, "UPAR DE 'ADUNATON 'AUTAI$ 'IDEIN, "EW$ 'AN4 "UPOQESESI
CRWMENAI TAUTA$ 'AKINHTOU$ 'EWSI3, MH DUNAMENAI LOGON DIDONAI
'AUTWN. "WI GAR 'ARCH MEN "O= MH 'OIDE, TELEUTH DE-KAI TA
METAXU 'EX "OU2 MH 'OIDEN SUMPEPLEKTAI, TI=$ MHCANH THN TOIAUTHN
"OMOLOGIAN POTE 'EPISTHMHN GENESQAI:
'OUDEMIA, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "H DIALEKTIKH MEQODO$ MONH TAUTHI
POREUETAI, TA$ "UPOQESEI$ 'ANAIROUSA, 'EP' 'AUTHN THN 'ARCHN
<P 533D>
"INA BEBAIWSHTAI, KAI TW*I-'ONTI 'EN BORBORWI BARBARIKWI TINI
TO TH$ YUCH$ 'OMMA KATORWRUGMENON 'HREMA "ELKEI0 KAI 'ANAGEI0
'ANW SUNERIQOI$ KAI SUMPERIAGWGOI$ CRWMENH "AI$ DIHLQOMEN
TECNAI$; "A$ 'EPISTHMA$ MEN POLLAKI$ PROSEIPOMEN DIA= TO
'EQO$, DEONTAI DE 'ONOMATO$ 'ALLOU, 'ENARGESTEROU MEN 'H= DOXH$,
'AMUDROTEROU DE 'H= 'EPISTHMH$ % DIANOIAN DE 'AUTHN 'EN GE TW*I
PROSQEN POU "WRISAMEQA % 'ESTI D', "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0, 'OU PERI=
<P 533E>
'ONOMATO$ 'AMFISBHTHSI$, "OI$ TOSOUTWN PE=RI SKEYI$ "OSWN
"HMIN PROKEITAI.
'OU-GAR-'OUN, 'EFH.
'ALL' "O= 'AN4 MONON DHLOI2 PW$ THN "EXIN SAFHNEIA\ LEGEIN 'EN
YUCHI 'ARKESEI72:
NAI7.
'ARKESEI2 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "WSPER TO PROTERON, THN MEN
PRWTHN MOIRAN 'EPISTHMHN KALEIN0, DEUTERAN DE DIANOIAN, TRITHN


<P 534A>
DE PISTIN KAI 'EIKASIAN TETARTHN; KAI SUNAMFO=TERA MEN
TAUTA DOXAN, SUNAMFO=TERA D' 'EKEINA NOHSIN; KAI DOXAN MEN
PERI= GENESIN, NOHSIN DE PERI= 'OUSIAN; KAI "OTI2 'OUSIA PRO$
GENESIN, NOHSIN PRO$ DOXAN, KAI "OTI2 NOHSI$ PRO$ DOXAN, 'EPISTHMHN
PRO$ PISTIN KAI DIANOIAN PRO$ 'EIKASIAN; THN D' 'EF'
"OI$ TAUTA 'ANALOGIAN KAI DIAIRESIN DICHI "EKATEROU, DOXASTOU
TE-KAI NOHTOU, 'EWMEN2, 'W* GLAUKWN, "INA MH "HMA$ POLLAPLASIWN
LOGWN 'EMPLHSHI6 'H= "OSWN "OI PARELHLUQOTE$.
<P 534B>
'ALLA=-MHN 'EMOIG', 'EFH, TA GE 'A=LLA, KAQ' "OSON DUNAMAI
"EPESQAI, SUNDOKEI0.
'H*-KAI DIALEKTIKON KALEI$0 TON LOGON "EKASTOU LAMBANONTA
TH$ 'OUSIA$: KAI TON MH 'ECONTA, KAQ' "OSON 'AN4 MH 'ECHI5 LOGON
"AUTWI TE-KAI 'ALLWI DIDONAI, KATA TOSOUTON NOUN PERI= TOUTOU
'OU FHSEI$ 'ECEIN:
PW*$ GAR 'AN4, 'H*-D'-"O$, FAIHN:
'OUKOU*N-KAI PERI= TOU* 'AGAQOU "WSAUTW$; "O$4 'AN4 MH 'ECHI5
DIORISASQAI TW*I LOGWI 'APO TWN 'ALLWN PANTWN 'AFELWN THN
<P 534C>
TOU* 'AGAQOU 'IDEAN, KAI "WSPER 'EN MACHI DIA= PANTWN 'ELEGCWN
DIEXIWN, MH KATA DOXAN 'ALLA= KAT' 'OUSIAN PROQUMOUMENO$
'ELEGCEIN, 'EN PASI TOUTOI$ 'APTWTI TW*I LOGWI DIAPOREUHTAI,
'OUTE 'AUTO TO 'AGAQON FHSEI$ 'EIDENAI TON "OUTW$ 'ECONTA 'OUTE
'ALLO 'AGAQON 'OUDEN, 'ALL' 'EI PHI 'EIDWLOU TINO$ 'EFAPTETAI,
DOXHI, 'OUK 'EPISTHMHI 'EFAPTESQAI, KAI TON NU*N BION 'ONEIROPOLOUNTA
KAI "UPNWTTONTA, PRIN 'ENQAD' 'EXEGRESQAI, 'EI$ "AIDOU
<P 534D>
PROTERON 'AFIKOMENON TELEW$ 'EPIKATADARQEIN:
NH TON DI=A, 'H*-D'-"O$, SFODRA GE PANTA TAUTA FHSW2.
'ALLA=-MHN TOU$ GE SAUTOU PAIDA$, "OU$ TW*I LOGWI TREFEI$
TE-KAI PAIDEUEI$, 'EI POTE 'ERGWI TREFOI$, 'OUK 'AN4 'EASAI$, "W$
'EGWIMAI, 'ALOGOU$ 'ONTA$ "WSPER GRAMMA$, 'ARCONTA$ 'EN THI
POLEI KURIOU$ TWN MEGISTWN 'EINAI.
'OU-GAR-'OUN, 'EFH.
NOMOQETHSEI$ DH 'AUTOI$ TAUTH$ MALISTA TH$ PAIDEIA$
'ANTILAMBANESQAI, 'EX "H$ 'ERWTAN TE-KAI 'APOKRINESQAI 'EPISTHMONESTATA
"OIOI-T'-'ESONTAI:
<P 534E>
NOMOQETHSW2, 'EFH, META GE SOU4.
'A*R'-'OUN DOKEI0 SOI4, 'EFHN 'EGW, "WSPER QRIGKO$ TOI$ MAQHMASIN
"H DIALEKTIKH "HMIN 'EPANW KEISQAI, KAI 'OUKET' 'ALLO
TOUTOU MAQHMA 'ANWTERW 'ORQW$ 'AN4 'EPITIQESQAI, 'ALL' 'ECEIN


<P 535A>
'HDH TELO$ TA TWN MAQHMATWN:
'EMOIG', 'EFH.
DIANOMH TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TO LOIPON SOI4, TI=SIN TAUTA TA
MAQHMATA DWSOMEN KAI TI=NA TROPON.
DHLON, 'EFH.
MEMNHSAI 'OUN THN PROTERAN 'EKLOGHN TWN 'ARCONTWN0, "OIOU$
'EXELEXAMEN:
PW*$ GAR, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'OU=:
TA MEN 'A=LLA TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EKEINA$ TA$ FUSEI$ 'OIOU
DEIN 'EKLEKTEA$ 'EINAI; TOU$ TE-GAR BEBAIOTATOU$ KAI TOU$
'ANDREIOTATOU$ PROAIRETEON, KAI KATA DUNAMIN TOU$ 'EUEIDESTATOU$;
<P 535B>
PRO$ DE TOUTOI$ ZHTHTEON MH MONON GENNAIOU$ TE-KAI
BLOSUROU$ TA 'HQH, 'ALLA=-KAI "A THIDE THI PAIDEIA\ TH$ FUSEW$
PROSFORA "EKTEON 'AUTOI$.
POI*A DH DIASTELLHI0:
DRIMUTHTA, 'W* MAKARIE, 'EFHN, DEI 'AUTOI$ PRO$ TA MAQHMATA
"UPARCEIN, KAI MH CALEPW$ MANQANEIN. POLU GAR-TOI
MALLON 'APODEILIWSI0 YUCAI 'EN 'ISCUROI$ MAQHMASIN 'H= 'EN
GUMNASIOI$; 'OIKEIOTERO$ GAR 'AUTAI$ "O PONO$, 'IDIO$ 'ALL' 'OU
KOINO$ 'WN META TOU* SWMATO$.
'ALHQH, 'EFH.
<P 535C>
KAI MNHMONA DH-KAI 'ARRATON KAI PANTHI FILOPONON ZHTHTEON.
'H= TI=NI TROPWI 'OIEI TA TE TOU* SWMATO$ 'EQELHSEIN TINA
DIAPONEIN KAI TOSAUTHN MAQHSIN TE-KAI MELETHN 'EPITELEIN0:
'OUDENA, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'EA=N MH PANTAPASI G' 'HI 'EUFUH$.
TO GOUN NU*N "AMARTHMA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI "H 'ATIMIA FILOSOFIA\
DIA= TAUTA PROSPEPTWKEN0, "O= KAI PROTERON 'EIPOMEN, "OTI4
'OU KAT' 'AXIAN 'AUTH$ "APTONTAI; 'OU-GAR NOQOU$ 'EDEI "APTESQAI,
'ALLA= GNHSIOU$.
PW*$: 'EFH.
<P 535D>
PRWTON MEN, 'EIPON, FILOPONIA\ 'OU CWLON DEI 'EINAI TON
"AYOMENON, TA MEN "HMISEA FILOPONON 'ONTA, TA D' "HMISEA
'APONON. 'ESTI DE TOUTO, "OTAN TI$ FILOGUMNASTH$ MEN-KAI
FILOQHRO$ 'HI KAI PANTA TA DIA= TOU* SWMATO$ FILOPONHI5, FILOMAQH$
DE MH, MHDE FILHKOO$ MHDE ZHTHTIKO$, 'ALL' 'EN PASI
TOUTOI$ MISOPONHI5; CWLO$ DE-KAI "O 'TANANTIA TOUTOU METABEBLHKW$
THN FILOPONIAN.
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
'OUKOU*N-KAI PRO$ 'ALHQEIAN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'TAUTON TOUTO 'ANAPHRON
<P 535E>
YUCHN QHSOMEN, "H=4 'AN4 TO MEN "EKOUSION YEUDO$ MISHI5
KAI CALEPW$ FERHI5 'AUTH TE-KAI "ETERWN YEUDOMENWN "UPERAGANAKTHI5
TO D' 'AKOUSION 'EUKOLW$ PROSDECHTAI KAI 'AMAQAINOUSA
POU "ALISKOMENH MH 'AGANAKTHI5, 'ALL' 'EUCERW$ "WSPER QHRION
"UEION 'EN 'AMAQIA\ MOLUNHTAI:


<P 536A>
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
KAI PRO$ SWFROSUNHN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI 'ANDREIAN KAI
MEGALOPREPEIAN KAI PANTA TA TH$ 'ARETH$ MERH 'OUC "HKISTA
DEI FULATTEIN TON NOQON TE-KAI TON GNHSION. "OTAN GAR TI$
MH 'EPISTHTAI PANTHI TA TOIAUTA SKOPEIN KAI 'IDIWTH$ KAI
POLI$, LANQANOUSI0 CWLOI$ TE-KAI NOQOI$ CRWMENOI PRO$ "OTI2
'AN4 TUCWSI TOUTWN, "OI MEN FILOI$, "OI DE 'ARCOUSI4.
KAI MALA, 'EFH, "OUTW$ 'ECEI0.
"HMIN DH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PANTA TA TOIAUTA DIEULABHTEON;
<P 536B>
"W$ 'EA=N MEN 'ARTIMELEI$ TE-KAI 'ARTIFRONA$ 'EPI TOSAUTHN
MAQHSIN KAI TOSAUTHN 'ASKHSIN KOMISANTE$ PAIDEUWMEN, "H TE
DIKH "HMIN 'OU MEMYETAI 'AUTH, THN TE POLIN KAI POLITEIAN
SWSOMEN, 'ALLOIOU$ DE 'AGONTE$ 'EPI TAUTA 'TANANTIA PANTA
KAI PRAXOMEN KAI FILOSOFIA$ 'ETI PLEIW GELWTA
KATANTLHSOMEN.
'AISCRON 'MENTAN4 'EIH, 'H*-D'-"O$.
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EIPON; GELOION D' 'EGWGE KAI 'EN TW*I PARONTI
TI7 'EOIKA PAQEIN.
TO POI*ON: 'EFH.
<P 536C>
'EPELAQOMHN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OTI4 'EPAIZOMEN, KAI MALLON
'ENTEINAMENO$ 'EIPON. LEGWN GAR "AMA 'EBLEYA PRO$ FILOSOFIAN,
KAI 'IDWN PROPEPHLAKISMENHN 'ANAXIW$ 'AGANAKTHSA$
MOI DOKW0 KAI "WSPER QUMWQEI$ TOI$ 'AITIOI$ SPOUDAIOTERON
'EIPEIN "A 'EIPON.
'OU MA TON DI=', 'EFH, 'OU=KOUN "W$ G' 'EMOI4 'AKROATHI.
'ALL' "W$ 'EMOI4, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "RHTORI. TODE DE MH 'EPILANQANWMEQA,
"OTI4 'EN MEN THI PROTERA\ 'EKLOGHI PRESBUTA$ 'EXELEGOMEN,
<P 536D>
'EN DE TAUTHI 'OUK 'EGCWRHSEI2; SOLWNI GAR 'OU PEISTEON
"W$ GHRASKWN TI$ POLLA DUNATO$ MANQANEIN, 'ALL' "HTTON 'H=
TRECEIN, NEWN DE PANTE$ "OI MEGALOI KAI "OI POLLOI PONOI.
'ANAGKH, 'EFH.
TA MEN-TOINUN LOGISMWN TE-KAI GEWMETRIWN KAI PASH$
TH$ PROPAIDEIA$, "HN TH$ DIALEKTIKH$ DEI PROPAIDEUQHNAI,
PAISIN 'OUSI CRH PROBALLEIN, 'OUC "W$ 'EPANAGKE$ MAQEIN TO
SCHMA TH$ DIDACH$ POIOUMENOU$.
TI= DH:
<P 536E>
"OTI4, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OUDEN MAQHMA META DOULEIA$ TON 'ELEUQERON
CRH MANQANEIN. "OI MEN-GAR TOU* SWMATO$ PONOI BIA\
PONOUMENOI CEIRON 'OUDEN TO SWMA 'APERGAZONTAI, YUCHI DE
BIAION 'OUDEN 'EMMONON MAQHMA.
'ALHQH, 'EFH.
MH-TOINUN BIA\, 'EIPON, 'W* 'ARISTE, TOU$ PAIDA$ 'EN TOI$


<P 537A>
MAQHMASIN 'ALLA= PAIZONTA$ TREFE, "INA KAI MALLON "OIO$-T'-'HI$
KAQORAN 'EF' "O= "EKASTO$ PEFUKEN0.
'ECEI0 "O= LEGEI$, 'EFH, LOGON.
'OUKOU*N MNHMONEUEI$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OTI4 KAI 'EI$ TON POLEMON
'EFAMEN TOU$ PAIDA$ 'EINAI 'AKTEON 'EPI TWN "IPPWN QEWROU$, KAI
'EA=N POU 'ASFALE$ 'HI, PROSAKTEON 'EGGU$ KAI GEUSTEON "AIMATO$,
"WSPER TOU$ SKULAKA$:
MEMNHMAI, 'EFH.
'EN PASI DH TOUTOI$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TOI$ TE PONOI$ KAI MAQHMASI
KAI FOBOI$ "O$4 'AN4 'ENTRECESTATO$ 'AEI FAINHTAI, 'EI$
'ARIQMON TINA 'EGKRITEON.
<P 537B>
'EN TI=NI, 'EFH, "HLIKIA\:
"HNIKA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TWN 'ANAGKAIWN GUMNASIWN MEQIENTAI;
"OUTO$ GAR "O CRONO$, 'EANTE DUO 'EANTE TRIA 'ETH GIGNHTAI,
'ADUNATO$ TI 'ALLO PRAXAI0; KOPOI GAR-KAI "UPNOI MAQHMASI
POLEMIOI. KAI "AMA MIA KAI "AU=TH TWN BASANWN 'OUK 'ELACISTH,
TI=$ "EKASTO$ 'EN TOI$ GUMNASIOI$ FANEITAI.
PW*$ GAR 'OU=K: 'EFH.
META DH TOUTON TON CRONON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EK TWN 'EIKOSIETWN
"OI PROKRIQENTE$ TIMA$ TE MEIZOU$ TWN 'ALLWN 'OISONTAI
<P 537C>
TA TE CUDHN MAQHMATA PAISIN 'EN THI PAIDEIA\ GENOMENA TOUTOI$
SUNAKTEON 'EI$ SUNOYIN 'OIKEIOTHTO$ TE 'ALLHLWN TWN MAQHMATWN
KAI TH$ TOU* 'ONTO$ FUSEW$.
MONH GOUN, 'EI*PEN, "H TOIAUTH MAQHSI$ BEBAIO$, 'EN "OI$ 'AN4
'EGGENHTAI.
KAI MEGISTH GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PEIRA DIALEKTIKH$ FUSEW$
KAI MH; "O MEN-GAR SUNOPTIKO$ DIALEKTIKO$, "O DE MH 'OU=.
SUNOIOMAI, 'H*-D'-"O$.
TAUTA TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DEHSEI2 SE 'EPISKOPOUNTA "OI=4 'AN4
<P 537D>
MALISTA TOIOUTOI 'EN 'AUTOI$ 'WSI KAI MONIMOI MEN 'EN MAQHMASI,
MONIMOI D' 'EN POLEMWI KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ NOMIMOI$, TOUTOU$
'AU, 'EPEIDAN TA TRIAKONTA 'ETH 'EKBAINWSIN, 'EK TWN PROKRITWN
PROKRINAMENON 'EI$ MEIZOU$ TE TIMA$ KAQISTANAI KAI SKOPEIN,
THI TOU* DIALEGESQAI DUNAMEI BASANIZONTA TI=$ 'OMMATWN KAI
TH$ 'ALLH$ 'AISQHSEW$ DUNATO$ MEQIEMENO$ 'EP' 'AUTO TO 'ON MET'
'ALHQEIA$ 'IENAI. KAI 'ENTAUQA DH POLLH$ FULAKH$ 'ERGON, 'W*
"ETAIRE.
TI= MALISTA: 'H*-D'-"O$.
<P 537E>
'OUK 'ENNOEI$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TO NU*N PERI= TO DIALEGESQAI
KAKON GIGNOMENON "OSON GIGNETAI:
TO POI*ON: 'EFH.
PARANOMIA$ POU, 'EFHN 'EGW, 'EMPIMPLANTAI.
KAI MALA, 'EFH.
QAUMASTON 'OUN TI 'OIEI, 'EIPON, PASCEIN 'AUTOU$, KAI 'OU
SUGGIGNWSKEI$:
PH*I MALISTA: 'EFH.
"OION, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EI TI$ "UPOBOLIMAIO$ TRAFEIH 'EN POLLOI$


<P 538A>
MEN CRHMASI, POLLWI DE-KAI MEGALWI GENEI KAI KOLAXI POLLOI$,
'ANHR DE GENOMENO$ 'AISQOITO "OTI4 'OU TOUTWN 'ESTI TWN
FASKONTWN0 GONEWN, TOU$ DE TW*I-'ONTI GENNHSANTA$ MH "EUROI,
TOUTON 'ECEI$ MANTEUSASQAI PW*$ 'AN4 DIATEQEIH PRO$ TE TOU$
KOLAKA$ KAI PRO$ TOU$ "UPOBALOMENOU$ 'EN 'EKEINWI TE TW*I
CRONWI "WI 'OUK 'HIDEI TA PERI= TH$ "UPOBOLH$, KAI 'EN "WI 'AU 'HIDEI:
'H= BOULEI 'EMOU4 MANTEUOMENOU 'AKOUSAI0:
BOULOMAI, 'EFH.
MANTEUOMAI TOINUN, 'EIPON, MALLON 'AUTON TIMAN 'AN4 TON
<P 538B>
PATERA KAI THN MHTERA KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ 'OIKEIOU$ DOKOUNTA$
'H= TOU$ KOLAKEUONTA$, KAI "HTTON MEN 'AN4 PERIIDEIN 'ENDEEI$
TINO$, "HTTON DE PARANOMON TI DRASAI0 'H= 'EIPEIN 'EI$ 'AUTOU$,
"HTTON DE 'APEIQEIN TA MEGALA 'EKEINOI$ 'H= TOI$ KOLAXIN, 'EN "WI
CRONWI TO 'ALHQE$ MH 'EIDEIH.
'EIKO$, 'EFH.
'AISQOMENON TOINUN TO 'ON MANTEUOMAI 'AU PERI= MEN TOUTOU$
'ANEINAI0 'AN4 TO TIMAN TE-KAI SPOUDAZEIN, PERI= DE TOU$ KOLAKA$
'EPITEINAI0, KAI PEIQESQAI TE 'AUTOI$ DIAFERONTW$ 'H= PROTERON
<P 538C>
KAI ZHN 'AN4 'HDH KAT' 'EKEINOU$, SUNONTA 'AUTOI$ 'APARAKALUPTW$,
PATRO$ DE 'EKEINOU KAI TWN 'ALLWN POIOUMENWN 'OIKEIWN, 'EI MH
PANU 'EIH FUSEI 'EPIEIKH$, MELEIN TO MHDEN.
PANT', 'EFH, LEGEI$ "OI*A PER 'AN4 GENOITO. 'ALLA= PH*I PRO$
TOU$ "APTOMENOU$ TWN LOGWN "AU=TH FEREI0 "H 'EIKWN:
THIDE. 'ESTI POU "HMIN DOGMATA 'EK PAIDWN PERI= DIKAIWN
KAI KALWN, 'EN "OI$ 'EKTEQRAMMEQA "WSPER "UPO GONEUSI, PEIQARCOUNTE$
TE-KAI TIMWNTE$ 'AUTA.
'ESTI GAR.
<P 538D>
'OUKOU*N-KAI 'A=LLA 'ENANTIA TOUTWN 'EPITHDEUMATA "HDONA$
'ECONTA, "A KOLAKEUEI0 MEN "HMWN THN YUCHN KAI "ELKEI0 'EF'
"AUTA, PEIQEI0 D' 'OU= TOU$ KAI "OPHIOUN METRIOU$; 'ALL' 'EKEINA
TIMWSI0 TA PA=TRIA KAI 'EKEINOI$ PEIQARCOUSIN0.
'ESTI TAUTA.
TI= 'OUN: 'H*N-D'-'EGW; "OTAN TON "OUTW$ 'ECONTA 'ELQON 'ERWTHMA
'ERHTAI; TI= 'ESTI TO KALON, KAI 'APOKRINAMENOU "O= TOU*
NOMOQETOU 'HKOUEN 'EXELEGCHI5 "O LOGO$, KAI POLLAKI$ KAI POLLACHI
'ELEGCWN 'EI$ DOXAN KATABALHI6 "W$ TOUTO 'OUDEN MALLON
<P 538E>
KALON 'H= 'AISCRON, KAI PERI= DIKAIOU "WSAUTW$ KAI 'AGAQOU KAI
"A MALISTA 'HGEN 'EN TIMHI, META TOUTO TI= 'OIEI POIHSEIN 'AUTON
PRO$ 'AUTA TIMH$ TE PE=RI KAI PEIQARCIA$:
'ANAGKH, 'EFH, MHTE TIMAN 'ETI "OMOIW$ MHTE PEIQESQAI.
"OTAN 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, MHTE TAUTA "HGHTAI TI=MIA KAI 'OIKEI*A
"WSPER PRO TOU*, TA TE 'ALHQH MH "EURISKHI5, 'ESTI PRO$ "OPOION


<P 539A>
BION 'ALLON 'H= TON KOLAKEUONTA 'EIKOTW$ PROSCWRHSETAI:
'OUK 'ESTIN, 'EFH.
PARANOMO$ DH 'OIMAI DOXEI2 GEGONENAI 'EK NOMIMOU.
'ANAGKH.
'OUKOU*N 'EFHN, 'EIKO$ TO PAQO$ TWN "OUTW LOGWN "APTOMENWN
KAI, "O= 'ARTI 'ELEGON, POLLH$ SUGGNWMH$ 'AXION:
KAI 'ELEOU G', 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N "INA MH GIGNHTAI "O 'ELEO$ "OUTO$ PERI= TOU$ TRIAKONTOUTA$
SOI4, 'EULABOUMENWI PANTI TROPWI TWN LOGWN "APTEON:
KAI MAL', 'H*-D'-"O$.
<P 539B>
'A*R'-'OUN 'OU MIA MEN 'EULABEIA "AU=TH SUCNH, TO MH NEOU$
'ONTA$ 'AUTWN GEUESQAI: 'OIMAI GAR SE 'OU LELHQENAI "OTI4 "OI
MEIRAKISKOI, "OTAN TO PRWTON LOGWN GEUWNTAI, "W$ PAIDIA*I
'AUTOI$ KATACRWNTAI0, 'AEI 'EI$ 'ANTILOGIAN CRWMENOI, KAI MIMOUMENOI
TOU$ 'EXELEGCONTA$ 'AUTOI 'ALLOU$ 'ELEGCOUSI0, CAIRONTE$
"WSPER SKULAKIA TW*I "ELKEIN TE-KAI SPARATTEIN TW*I LOGWI TOU$
PLHSION 'AEI.
"UPERFUW$ MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N "OTAN DH POLLOU$ MEN 'AUTOI 'ELEGXWSIN, "UPO POLLWN
<P 539C>
DE 'ELEGCQWSI, SFODRA KAI TACU 'EMPIPTOUSIN0 'EI$ TO
MHDEN "HGEISQAI "WNPER PROTERON; KAI 'EK TOUTWN DH 'AUTOI TE-KAI
TO "OLON FILOSOFIA$ PE=RI 'EI$ TOU$ 'ALLOU$ DIABEBLHNTAI.
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH.
"O DE-DH PRESBUTERO$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TH$ MEN TOIAUTH$
MANIA$ 'OUK 'AN4 'EQELOI METECEIN, TON DE DIALEGESQAI 'EQELONTA
KAI SKOPEIN 'TALHQE$ MALLON MIMHSETAI 'H= TON PAIDIA$ CARIN
PAIZONTA KAI 'ANTILEGONTA, KAI 'AUTO$ TE METRIWTERO$ 'ESTAI
<P 539D>
KAI TO 'EPITHDEUMA TIMIWTERON 'ANTI 'ATIMOTEROU POIHSEI2.
'ORQW$, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N-KAI TA PROEIRHMENA TOUTOU 'EP' 'EULABEIA\ PANTA
PROEIRHTAI, TO TA$ FUSEI$ KOSMIOU$ 'EINAI KAI STASIMOU$ "OI$
TI$ METADWSEI2 TWN LOGWN, KAI MH "W$ NU*N "O TUCWN KAI 'OUDEN
PROSHKWN 'ERCETAI 'EP' 'AUTO:
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
'ARKEI0 DH 'EPI LOGWN METALHYEI MEINAI0 'ENDELECW$ KAI
SUNTONW$ MHDEN 'ALLO PRATTONTI, 'ALL' 'ANTISTROFW$ GUMNAZOMENWI
TOI$ PERI= TO SWMA GUMNASIOI$, 'ETH DIPLA=SIA 'H= TO=TE:
<P 539E>
"EX, 'EFH, 'H= TETTARA LEGEI$:
'AMELEI5, 'EIPON, PENTE QE$. META GAR TOUTO KATABIBASTEOI
'ESONTAI SOI4 'EI$ TO SPHLAION PALIN 'EKEINO, KAI 'ANAGKASTEOI
'ARCEIN TA TE PERI= TON POLEMON KAI "OSAI NEWN 'ARCAI, "INA
MHD' 'EMPEIRIA\ "USTERWSI TWN 'ALLWN; KAI 'ETI KAI 'EN TOUTOI$


<P 540A>
BASANISTEOI 'EI 'EMMENOUSIN2 "ELKOMENOI PANTACOSE 'H= TI KAI
PARAKINHSOUSI2.
CRONON DE, 'H*-D'-"O$, PO=SON TOUTON TIQEI*$:
PENTEKAIDEKA 'ETH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. GENOMENWN DE PENTHKONTOUTWN
TOU$ DIASWQENTA$ KAI 'ARISTEUSANTA$ PANTA PANTHI
'EN 'ERGOI$ TE-KAI 'EPISTHMAI$ PRO$ TELO$ 'HDH 'AKTEON, KAI
'ANAGKASTEON 'ANAKLINANTA$ THN TH$ YUCH$ 'AUGHN 'EI$ 'AUTO
'APOBLEYAI0 TO PASI FW$ PARECON, KAI 'IDONTA$ TO 'AGAQON
'AUTO, PARADEIGMATI CRWMENOU$ 'EKEINWI, KAI POLIN KAI 'IDIWTA$
<P 540B>
KAI "EAUTOU$ KOSMEIN TON 'EPILOIPON BION 'EN MEREI "EKASTOU$,
TO MEN POLU PRO$ FILOSOFIA\ DIATRIBONTA$, "OTAN DE TO
MERO$ "HKHI5, PRO$ POLITIKOI$ 'EPITALAIPWROUNTA$ KAI 'ARCONTA$
"EKASTOU$ TH$ POLEW$ "ENEKA, 'OUC "W$ KALON TI 'ALL' "W$
'ANAGKAION PRATTONTA$, KAI "OUTW$ 'ALLOU$ 'AEI PAIDEUSANTA$
TOIOUTOU$, 'ANTIKATALIPONTA$ TH$ POLEW$ FULAKA$, 'EI$ MAKARWN
NHSOU$ 'APIONTA$ 'OIKEIN; MNHMEIA D' 'AUTOI$ KAI QUSIA$
<P 540C>
THN POLIN DHMOSIA\ POIEIN, 'EA=N KAI "H PUQIA SUNANAIRHI5, "W$
DAIMOSIN, 'EI DE MH, "W$ 'EUDAIMOSI TE-KAI QEIOI$.
PAGKALOU$, 'EFH, TOU$ 'ARCONTA$, 'W* SWKRATE$, "WSPER
'ANDRIANTOPOIO$ 'APEIRGASAI.
KAI TA$ 'ARCOUSA$ GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* GLAUKWN; MHDEN
GAR TI 'OIOU ME PERI= 'ANDRWN 'EIRHKENAI MALLON "A 'EIRHKA 'H=
PERI= GUNAIKWN, "OSAI 'AN4 'AUTWN "IKANAI TA$ FUSEI$ 'EGGIGNWNTAI.
'ORQW$, 'EFH, 'EIPER 'ISA GE PANTA TOI$ 'ANDRASI KOINWNHSOUSIN2,
"W$ DIHLQOMEN.
<P 540D>
TI= 'OUN: 'EFHN; SUGCWREITE0 PERI= TH$ POLEW$ TE-KAI
POLITEIA$ MH PANTAPASIN "HMA$ 'EUCA$ 'EIRHKENAI, 'ALLA= CALEPA
MEN, DUNATA DE PHI, KAI 'OUK 'ALLHI 'H= 'EIRHTAI, "OTAN "OI "W$
'ALHQW$ FILOSOFOI DUNASTAI, 'H= PLEIOU$ 'H= "EI$, 'EN POLEI
GENOMENOI TWN MEN NU*N TIMWN KATAFRONHSWSIN, "HGHSAMENOI
'ANELEUQEROU$ 'EINAI KAI 'OUDENO$ 'AXIA$, TO DE 'ORQON PERI=
<P 540E>
PLEISTOU POIHSAMENOI KAI TA$ 'APO TOUTOU TIMA$, MEGISTON
DE-KAI 'ANAGKAIOTATON TO DIKAION, KAI TOUTWI DH "UPHRETOUNTE$
TE-KAI 'AUXONTE$ 'AUTO DIASKEUWRHSWNTAI THN "EAUTWN POLIN:
PW*$: 'EFH.
"OSOI MEN 'AN4, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PRESBUTEROI TUGCANWSI DEKETWN


<P 541A>
'EN THI POLEI, PANTA$ 'EKPEMYWSIN 'EI$ TOU$ 'AGROU$, TOU$ DE
PAIDA$ 'AUTWN PARALABONTE$ 'EKTO$ TWN NU*N 'HQWN, "A KAI "OI
GONH$ 'ECOUSI0, QREYWNTAI 'EN TOI$ SFETEROI$ TROPOISI KAI
NOMOI$, 'OUSIN "OIOI$ DIELHLUQAMEN TO=TE; KAI "OUTW TACISTA
TE-KAI "RA*ISTA POLIN TE-KAI POLITEIAN, "HN 'ELEGOMEN, KATASTASAN
'AUTHN TE 'EUDAIMONHSEIN KAI TO 'EQNO$ 'EN "WI 'AN4
'EGGENHTAI PLEISTA 'ONHSEIN:
POLU G', 'EFH; KAI "W$ 'AN4 GENOITO, 'EIPER POTE GIGNOITO,
<P 541B>
DOKEI$ MOI, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EU 'EIRHKENAI.
'OUKOU*N "ADHN 'HDH, 'EIPON 'EGW, 'ECOUSIN0 "HMIN "OI LOGOI PERI=
TE TH$ POLEW$ TAUTH$ KAI TOU* "OMOIOU TAUTHI 'ANDRO$: DHLO$
GAR-POU-KAI "OUTO$ "OION FHSOMEN DEIN 'AUTON 'EINAI.
DHLO$, 'EFH; KAI "OPER 'ERWTA*I$0, DOKEI0 MOI TELO$ 'ECEIN.


<B REP8>


<P 543A>
'EIEN; TAUTA MEN-DH "WMOLOGHTAI, 'W* GLAUKWN, THI MELLOUSHI
'AKRW$ 'OIKEIN POLEI KOINA$ MEN GUNAIKA$, KOINOU$ DE
PAIDA$ 'EINAI KAI PASAN PAIDEIAN, "WSAUTW$ DE TA 'EPITHDEUMATA
KOINA 'EN POLEMWI TE-KAI 'EIRHNHI, BASILEA$ DE 'AUTWN
'EINAI TOU$ 'EN FILOSOFIA\ TE-KAI PRO$ TON POLEMON GEGONOTA$
'ARISTOU$.
"WMOLOGHTAI, 'EFH.
<P 543B>
KAI-MHN-KAI TADE SUNECWRHSAMEN, "W$ "OTAN DH KATASTWSIN
"OI 'ARCONTE$, 'AGONTE$ TOU$ STRATIWTA$ KATOIKIOUSIN2 'EI$
'OIKHSEI$ "OIA$ PROEIPOMEN, 'IDION MEN 'OUDEN 'OUDENI 'ECOUSA$,
KOINA$ DE PASI; PRO$ DE TAI$ TOIAUTAI$ 'OIKHSESI, KAI TA$
KTHSEI$, 'EI MNHMONEUEI$, DIWMOLOGHSAMEQA POU "OIAI 'ESONTAI
'AUTOI$.
'ALLA= MNHMONEUW0, 'EFH, "OTI4 GE 'OUDEN 'OUDENA 'WIOMEQA DEIN
KEKTHSQAI "WN NU*N "OI 'ALLOI, "WSPER DE 'AQLHTA$ TE POLEMOU
<P 543C>
KAI FULAKA$ MISQON TH$ FULAKH$ DECOMENOU$ 'EI$ 'ENIAUTON
THN 'EI$ TAUTA TROFHN PARA TWN 'ALLWN, "AUTWN TE DEIN KAI
TH$ 'ALLH$ POLEW$ 'EPIMELEISQAI.
'ORQW$, 'EFHN, LEGEI$. 'ALL' 'AG', 'EPEIDH TOUT' 'APETELESAMEN,
'ANAMNHSQWMEN PO=QEN DEURO 'EXETRAPOMEQA, "INA PALIN
THN 'AUTHN 'IWMEN.
'OU CALEPON, 'EFH. SCEDON GAR, KAQAPER NU*N, "W$ DIELHLUQW$
PERI= TH$ POLEW$ TOU$ LOGOU$ 'EPOIOU, LEGWN "W$
'AGAQHN MEN THN TOIAUTHN, "OIAN TO=TE DIHLQE$, TIQEIH$ POLIN,
<P 543D>
KAI 'ANDRA TON 'EKEINHI "OMOION, KAI TAUTA, "W$ 'EOIKA$, KALLIW


<P 544A>
'ETI 'ECWN 'EIPEIN POLIN TE-KAI 'ANDRA. 'ALL'-'OUN-DH TA$
'ALLA$ "HMARTHMENA$ 'ELEGE$, 'EI "AU=TH 'ORQH. TWN DE LOIPWN
POLITEIWN 'EFHSQA, "W$ MNHMONEUW0, TETTARA 'EIDH 'EINAI, "WN
KAI PE=RI LOGON 'AXION 'EIH 'ECEIN KAI 'IDEIN 'AUTWN TA "AMARTHMATA
KAI TOU$ 'EKEINAI$ 'AU "OMOIOU$, "INA PANTA$ 'AUTOU$ 'IDONTE$,
KAI "OMOLOGHSAMENOI TON 'ARISTON KAI TON KAKISTON 'ANDRA,
'EPISKEYAIMEQA 'EI "O 'ARISTO$ 'EUDAIMONESTATO$ KAI "O KAKISTO$
'AQLIWTATO$, 'H= 'ALLW$ 'ECOI; KAI 'EMOU4 'EROMENOU TI=NA$ LEGOI$
<P 544B>
TA$ TETTARA$ POLITEIA$, 'EN TOUTWI "UPELABE POLEMARCO$ TE-KAI
'ADEIMANTO$, KAI "OUTW DH SU 'ANALABWN TON LOGON DEUR'
'AFIXAI.
'ORQOTATA, 'EIPON, 'EMNHMONEUSA$.
PALIN TOINUN, "WSPER PALAISTH$, THN 'AUTHN LABHN PARECE,
KAI TO 'AUTO 'EMOU4 'EROMENOU PEIRW5 'EIPEIN "APER TO=TE 'EMELLE$
LEGEIN.
'EANPER, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DUNWMAI.
KAI-MHN, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'EPIQUMW0 GE-KAI 'AUTO$ 'AKOUSAI0 TI=NA$
'ELEGE$ TA$ TETTARA$ POLITEIA$.
<P 544C>
'OU CALEPW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'AKOUSHI2. 'EISI GAR "A$ LEGW0,
"AIPER KAI 'ONOMATA 'ECOUSIN0, "H TE "UPO TWN POLLWN 'EPAINOUMENH,
"H KRHTIKH TE-KAI LAKWNIKH "AU=TH; KAI DEUTE=RA KAI
DEUTERW$ 'EPAINOUMENH, KALOUMENH0 D' 'OLIGARCIA, SUCNWN
GEMOUSA KAKWN POLITEIA; "H TE TAUTHI DIAFORO$ KAI 'EFEXH$
GIGNOMENH DHMOKRATIA, KAI "H GENNAI=A DH TURANNI$ KAI PASWN
TOUTWN DIAFEROUSA, TETARTON TE-KAI 'ESCATON POLEW$ NOSHMA.
'H= TINA 'ALLHN 'ECEI$ 'IDEAN POLITEIA$, "HTI$ KAI 'EN 'EIDEI DIAFANEI
<P 544D>
TINI KEITAI: DUNASTEIAI GAR-KAI 'WNHTAI BASILEIAI
KAI TOIAUTAI TINE$ POLITEIAI METAXU TI TOUTWN POU 'EISIN,
"EUROI D' 'AN4 TI$ 'AUTA$ 'OUK 'ELATTOU$ PERI= TOU$ BARBAROU$
'H= TOU$ "ELLHNA$.
POLLAI GOUN-KAI 'ATOPOI, 'EFH, LEGONTAI.
'OISQ' 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OTI4 KAI 'ANQRWPWN 'EIDH TOSAUTA
'ANAGKH TROPWN 'EINAI, "OSAPER KAI POLITEIWN: 'H= 'OIEI 'EK
DRUO$ POQEN 'H= 'EK PETRA$ TA$ POLITEIA$ GIGNESQAI, 'ALL'
<P 544E>
'OUCI 'EK TWN 'HQWN TWN 'EN TAI$ POLESIN, "A 'AN4 "WSPER "REYANTA
'TALLA 'EFELKUSHTAI:
'OUDAMW$ 'EGWG', 'EFH, 'ALLOQEN 'H= 'ENTEUQEN.
'OUKOU*N 'EI TA TWN POLEWN PENTE, KAI "AI TWN 'IDIWTWN
KATASKEUAI TH$ YUCH$ PENTE 'AN4 'EIEN.
TI= MHN:
TON MEN-DH THI 'ARISTOKRATIA\ "OMOION DIELHLUQAMEN 'HDH,
"ON 'AGAQON TE-KAI DIKAION 'ORQW$ FAMEN 'EINAI.


<P 545A>
DIELHLUQAMEN.
'A*R'-'OUN TO META TOUTO DIITEON TOU$ CEIROU$, TON FILONIKON
TE-KAI FILOTIMON, KATA THN LAKWNIKHN "ESTWTA POLITEIAN,
KAI 'OLIGARCIKON 'AU KAI DHMOKRATIKON KAI TON TURANNIKON,
"INA TON 'ADIKWTATON 'IDONTE$ 'ANTIQWMEN TW*I DIKAIOTATWI KAI
"HMIN TELE=A "H SKEYI$ 'HI, PW*$ POTE "H 'AKRATO$ DIKAIOSUNH
PRO$ 'ADIKIAN THN 'AKRATON 'ECEI0 'EUDAIMONIA$ TE PE=RI TOU*
'ECONTO$ KAI 'AQLIOTHTO$, "INA 'H= QRASUMACWI PEIQOMENOI
<P 545B>
DIWKWMEN 'ADIKIAN 'H= TW*I NU*N PROFAINOMENWI LOGWI DIKAIOSUNHN:
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN, 'EFH, "OUTW POIHTEON.
'A*R'-'OUN, "WSPER 'HRXAMEQA 'EN TAI$ POLITEIAI$ PROTERON
SKOPEIN TA 'HQH 'H= 'EN TOI$ 'IDIWTAI$, "W$ 'ENARGESTERON 'ON,
KAI NU*N "OUTW PRWTON MEN THN FILOTIMON SKEPTEON POLITEIAN %
'ONOMA GAR 'OUK 'ECW0 LEGOMENON 'ALLO; 'H= TIMOKRATIAN 'H=
TIMARCIAN 'AUTHN KLHTEON % PRO$ DE TAUTHN TON TOIOUTON
<P 545C>
'ANDRA SKEYOMEQA, 'EPEITA 'OLIGARCIAN KAI 'ANDRA 'OLIGARCIKON,
'AUQI$ DE 'EI$ DHMOKRATIAN 'APOBLEYANTE$ QEASOMEQA 'ANDRA
DHMOKRATIKON, TO DE TETARTON 'EI$ TURANNOUMENHN POLIN
'ELQONTE$ KAI 'IDONTE$, PALIN 'EI$ TURANNIKHN YUCHN BLEPONTE$,
PEIRASOMEQA PERI= "WN PROUQEMEQA "IKANOI KRITAI GENESQAI:
KATA LOGON GE-TOI 'AN4, 'EFH, "OUTW GIGNOITO "H TE QEA KAI
"H KRISI$.
FERE TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PEIRWMEQA2 LEGEIN TI=NA TROPON
TIMOKRATIA GENOIT' 'AN4 'EX 'ARISTOKRATIA$. 'H= TODE MEN "APLOUN,
<P 545D>
"OTI4 PASA POLITEIA METABALLEI0 'EX 'AUTOU4 TOU* 'ECONTO$ TA$
'ARCA$, "OTAN 'EN 'AUTWI TOUTWI STASI$ 'EGGENHTAI; "OMONOOUNTO$
DE, 'KAN2 PANU 'OLIGON 'HI, 'ADUNATON KINHQHNAI:
'ESTI GAR "OUTW.
PW*$ 'OUN-DH, 'EIPON, 'W* GLAUKWN, "H POLI$ "HMIN KINHQHSETAI,
KAI PH*I STASIASOUSIN2 "OI 'EPIKOUROI KAI "OI 'ARCONTE$
PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ TE-KAI PRO$ "EAUTOU$: 'H= BOULEI, "WSPER
"OMHRO$, 'EUCWMEQA TAI$ MOUSAI$ 'EIPEIN "HMIN "OPW$9 DH9
<P 545E>
PRWTON9 STASI$ 'EMPESE9, KAI FWMEN 'AUTA$ TRAGIKW$ "W$
PRO$ PAIDA$ "HMA$ PAIZOUSA$ KAI 'ERESCHLOUSA$, "W$ DH
SPOUDHI LEGOUSA$, "UYHLOLOGOUMENA$ LEGEIN:
PW*$:


<P 546A>
"WDE PW$. CALEPON MEN KINHQHNAI POLIN "OUTW SUSTASAN;
'ALL' 'EPEI GENOMENWI PANTI FQORA 'ESTIN, 'OUD' "H TOIAUTH
SUSTASI$ TON "APANTA MENEI2 CRONON, 'ALLA= LUQHSETAI. LUSI$
DE "HDE; 'OU MONON FUTOI$ 'EGGEIOI$, 'ALLA=-KAI 'EN 'EPIGEIOI$
ZWIOI$ FORA KAI 'AFORIA YUCH$ TE-KAI SWMATWN GIGNONTAI,
"OTAN PERITROPAI "EKASTOI$ KUKLWN PERIFORA$ SUNAPTWSI,
BRACUBIOI$ MEN BRACUPOROU$, 'ENANTIOI$ DE 'ENANTIA$. GENOU$
DE "UMETEROU 'EUGONIA$ TE-KAI 'AFORIA$, KAIPER 'ONTE$ SOFOI,
<P 546B>
"OU$ "HGEMONA$ POLEW$ 'EPAIDEUSASQE, 'OUDEN MALLON LOGISMWI
MET' 'AISQHSEW$ TEUXONTAI, 'ALLA= PAREISIN 'AUTOU$ KAI GENNHSOUSI2
PAIDA$ POTE 'OU DEON. 'ESTI DE QEIWI MEN GENNHTWI
PERIODO$ "HN 'ARIQMO$ PERILAMBANEI0 TELEIO$, 'ANQRWPEIWI DE
'EN "WI PRWTWI 'AUXHSEI$ DUNAMENAI TE-KAI DUNASTEUOMENAI, TREI$
'APOSTASEI$, TETTARA$ DE "OROU$ LABOUSAI "OMOIOUNTWN0 TE-KAI
'ANOMOIOUNTWN0 KAI 'AUXONTWN0 KAI FQINONTWN0, PANTA PROSHGORA
<P 546C>
KAI "RHTA PRO$ 'ALLHLA 'APEFHNAN; "WN 'EPITRITO$ PUQMHN
PEMPADI SUZUGEI$ DUO "ARMONIA$ PARECETAI TRI$ 'AUXHQEI$,
THN MEN 'ISHN 'ISAKI$, "EKATON TOSAUTAKI$, THN DE 'ISOMHKH
MEN THI, PROMHKH DE, "EKATON MEN 'ARIQMWN 'APO DIAMETRWN
"RHTWN PEMPADO$, DEOMENWN "ENO$ "EKASTWN, 'ARRHTWN DE DUOIN,
"EKATON DE KUBWN TRIADO$. SUMPA$ DE "OUTO$ 'ARIQMO$ GEWMETRIKO$,
TOIOUTOU KURIO$, 'AMEINONWN TE-KAI CEIRONWN GENESEWN,
<P 546D>
"A$ "OTAN 'AGNOHSANTE$ "UMIN "OI FULAKE$ SUNOIKIZWSIN
NUMFA$ NUMFIOI$ PARA KAIRON, 'OUK 'EUFUEI$ 'OUD' 'EUTUCEI$
PAIDE$ 'ESONTAI; "WN KATASTHSOUSI2 MEN TOU$ 'ARISTOU$ "OI
PROTEROI, "OMW$ DE 'ONTE$ 'ANAXIOI, 'EI$ TA$ TWN PATERWN 'AU
DUNAMEI$ 'ELQONTE$, "HMWN PRWTON 'ARXONTAI 'AMELEIN FULAKE$
'ONTE$, PAR' 'ELATTON TOU* DEONTO$ "HGHSAMENOI TA MOUSIKH$,
DEUTERON DE TA GUMNASTIKH$, "OQEN 'AMOUSOTEROI GENHSONTAI
"UMIN "OI NEOI. 'EK DE TOUTWN 'ARCONTE$ 'OU PANU FULAKIKOI
<P 546E>
KATASTHSONTAI PRO$ TO DOKIMAZEIN TA "HSIODOU TE-KAI TA PAR'


<P 547A>
"UMIN GENH, CRUSOUN TE-KAI 'ARGUROUN KAI CALKOUN KAI SIDHROUN;
"OMOU DE MIGENTO$ SIDHROU 'ARGURWI KAI CALKOU CRUSWI 'ANOMOIOTH$
'EGGENHSETAI KAI 'ANWMALIA 'ANARMOSTO$, "A GENOMENA,
"OU4 'AN4 'EGGENHTAI, 'AEI TIKTEI0 POLEMON KAI 'E=CQRAN. TAUTH$9 TOI9
GENEH$9 CRH FANAI 'EINAI STASIN, "OPOU 'AN4 GIGNHTAI 'AEI.
KAI 'ORQW$ G', 'EFH, 'AUTA$ 'APOKRINESQAI FHSOMEN.
KAI-GAR, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ANAGKH MOUSA$ GE 'OUSA$.
<P 547B>
TI= 'OUN, 'H*-D'-"O$, TO META TOUTO LEGOUSIN0 "AI MOUSAI:
STASEW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, GENOMENH$ "EILKETHN 'A=RA "EKATERW
TW GENEI, TO MEN SIDHROUN KAI CALKOUN 'EPI CRHMATISMON
KAI GH$ KTHSIN KAI 'OIKIA$ CRUSIOU TE-KAI 'ARGUROU, TW D' 'AU,
TO CRUSOUN TE-KAI 'ARGUROUN, "ATE 'OU PENOMENW 'ALLA= FUSEI
'ONTE PLOUSIW, TA$ YUCA$ 'EPI THN 'ARETHN KAI THN 'ARCAIAN
KATASTASIN 'HGETHN; BIAZOMENWN DE-KAI 'ANTITEINONTWN0 'ALLHLOI$,
'EI$ MESON "WMOLOGHSAN GHN MEN-KAI 'OIKIA$ KATANEIMAMENOU$
<P 547C>
'IDIWSASQAI, TOU$ DE PRIN FULATTOMENOU$ "UP'
'AUTWN "W$ 'ELEUQEROU$ FILOU$ TE-KAI TROFEA$, DOULWSAMENOI
TO=TE PERIOIKOU$ TE-KAI 'OIKETA$ 'ECONTE$, 'AUTOI POLEMOU TE-KAI
FULAKH$ 'AUTWN 'EPIMELEISQAI.
DOKEI0 MOI, 'EFH, "AU=TH "H METABASI$ 'ENTEUQEN GIGNESQAI.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EN MESWI TI$ 'AN4 'EIH 'ARISTOKRATIA$ TE-KAI
'OLIGARCIA$ "AU=TH "H POLITEIA:
PANU MEN-'OUN.
METABHSETAI MEN-DH "OUTW; METABASA DE PW*$ 'OIKHSEI2: 'H=
<P 547D>
FANERON "OTI4 TA MEN MIMHSETAI THN PROTERAN POLITEIAN, TA DE
THN 'OLIGARCIAN, "AT' 'EN MESWI 'OUSA, TO DE TI KAI "AUTH$ "EXEI2 'IDION:
"OUTW$, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N TW*I MEN TIMAN TOU$ 'ARCONTA$ KAI GEWRGIWN
'APECESQAI TO PROPOLEMOUN 'AUTH$ KAI CEIROTECNIWN KAI
TOU* 'ALLOU CRHMATISMOU, SUSSITIA DE KATESKEUASQAI KAI
GUMNASTIKH$ TE-KAI TH$ TOU* POLEMOU 'AGWNIA$ 'EPIMELEISQAI,
PASI TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ THN PROTERAN MIMHSETAI:
NAI.
<P 547E>
TW*I DE-GE FOBEISQAI TOU$ SOFOU$ 'EPI TA$ 'ARCA$ 'AGEIN,
"ATE 'OUKETI KEKTHMENHN "APLOU$ TE-KAI 'ATENEI$ TOU$ TOIOUTOU$
'ANDRA$ 'ALLA= MEIKTOU$, 'EPI DE QUMOEIDEI$ TE-KAI "APLOUSTEROU$
'APOKLINEIN0, TOU$ PRO$ POLEMON MALLON PEFUKOTA$ 'H= PRO$


<P 548A>
'EIRHNHN, KAI TOU$ PERI= TAUTA DOLOU$ TE-KAI MHCANA$ 'ENTIMW$
'ECEIN, KAI POLEMOUSA TON 'AEI CRONON DIAGEIN, 'AUTH "EAUTH$
'AU TA POLLA TWN TOIOUTWN 'I=DIA "EXEI2:
NAI.
'EPIQUMHTAI DE-GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, CRHMATWN "OI TOIOUTOI
'ESONTAI, "WSPER "OI 'EN TAI$ 'OLIGARCIAI$, KAI TIMWNTE$ 'AGRIW$
"UPO SKOTOU CRUSON TE-KAI 'ARGURON, "ATE KEKTHMENOI TAMIEIA
KAI 'OIKEIOU$ QHSAUROU$, "OI*4 QEMENOI 'AN4 'AUTA KRUYEIAN, KAI
'AU PERIBOLOU$ 'OIKHSEWN, 'ATECNW$ NEOTTIA$ 'IDIA$, 'EN "AI$
<P 548B>
'ANALISKONTE$ GUNAIXI TE-KAI "OI$ 'EQELOIEN 'ALLOI$ POLLA 'AN4
DAPANWINTO.
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N-KAI FEIDWLOI CRHMATWN, "ATE TIMWNTE$ KAI 'OU
FANERW$ KTWMENOI, FILANALWTAI DE 'ALLOTRIWN DI' 'EPIQUMIAN,
KAI LAQRA\ TA$ "HDONA$ KARPOUMENOI, "WSPER PAIDE$ PATERA
TON NOMON 'APODIDRASKONTE$, 'OUC "UPO PEIQOU$ 'ALL' "UPO BIA$
PEPAIDEUMENOI DIA= TO TH$ 'ALHQINH$ MOUSH$ TH$ META LOGWN
<P 548C>
TE-KAI FILOSOFIA$ 'HMELHKENAI KAI PRESBUTERW$ GUMNASTIKHN
MOUSIKH$ TETIMHKENAI.
PANTAPASIN, 'EFH, LEGEI$ MEMEIGMENHN POLITEIAN 'EK KAKOU
TE-KAI 'AGAQOU.
MEMEIKTAI GAR, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; DIAFANESTATON D' 'EN 'AUTHI
'ESTIN "EN TI MONON "UPO TOU* QUMOEIDOU$ KRATOUNTO$, FILONIKIAI
KAI FILOTIMIAI.
SFO=DRA GE, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "AU=TH MEN "H POLITEIA "OUTW GEGONUIA
KAI TOIAUTH 'AN4 TI$ 'EIH, "W$ LOGWI SCHMA POLITEIA$ "UPOGRAYANTA
<P 548D>
MH 'AKRIBW$ 'APERGASASQAI DIA= TO 'EXARKEIN MEN 'IDEIN
KAI 'EK TH$ "UPOGRAFH$ TON TE DIKAIOTATON KAI TON 'ADIKWTATON,
'AMHCANON DE MHKEI 'ERGON 'EINAI PASA$ MEN POLITEIA$, PANTA
DE 'HQH MHDEN PARALIPONTA DIELQEIN.
KAI 'ORQW$, 'EFH.
TI=$ 'OUN "O KATA TAUTHN THN POLITEIAN 'ANHR: PW*$ TE
GENOMENO$ POI*O$ TE TI$ 'WN:
'OIMAI MEN, 'EFH "O 'ADEIMANTO$, 'EGGU$ TI 'AUTON GLAUKWNO$
TOUTOUI TEINEIN "ENEKA GE FILONIKIA$.
<P 548E>
'ISW$ 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TOUTO GE; 'ALLA= MOI DOKEI0 TADE 'OU KATA
TOUTON PEFUKENAI.
TA POI*A:
'AUQADESTERON TE DEI 'AUTON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EINAI KAI "UPOAMOUSOTERON,
FILOMOUSON DE, KAI FILHKOON MEN, "RHTORIKON D'


<P 549A>
'OUDAMW$. KAI DOULOI$ MEN TI$ 'AN4 'AGRIO$ 'EIH "O TOIOUTO$,
'OU KATAFRONWN DOULWN, "WSPER "O "IKANW$ PEPAIDEUMENO$,
'ELEUQEROI$ DE "HMERO$, 'ARCONTWN0 DE SFO=DRA "UPHKOO$, FILARCO$
DE-KAI FILOTIMO$, 'OUK 'APO TOU* LEGEIN 'AXIWN 'ARCEIN 'OUD'
'APO TOIOUTOU 'OUDENO$, 'ALL' 'APO 'ERGWN TWN TE POLEMIKWN
KAI TWN PERI= TA POLEMIKA, FILOGUMNASTH$ TE TI$ 'WN KAI
FILOQHRO$.
'ESTI GAR, 'EFH, TOUTO TO 'HQO$ 'EKEINH$ TH$ POLITEIA$.
'OUKOU*N-KAI CRHMATWN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "O TOIOUTO$ NEO$ MEN 'WN
<P 549B>
KATAFRONOI 'AN4, "OSWI DE PRESBUTERO$ GIGNOITO, MALLON 'AEI
'ASPAZOITO 'AN4 TW*I TE METECEIN TH$ TOU* FILOCRHMATOU FUSEW$
KAI MH 'EINAI 'EILIKRINH$ PRO$ 'ARETHN DIA= TO 'APOLEIFQHNAI TOU*
'ARISTOU FULAKO$:
TI=NO$: 'H*-D'-"O$ "O 'ADEIMANTO$.
LOGOU, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, MOUSIKHI KEKRAMENOU; "O$4 MONO$ 'EGGENOMENO$
SWTHR 'ARETH$ DIA= BIOU 'ENOIKEI0 TW*I 'ECONTI.
KALW$, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
KAI 'ESTI MEN-G', 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TOIOUTO$ "O TIMOKRATIKO$
NEANIA$, THI TOIAUTHI POLEI 'EOIKW$.
<P 549C>
PANU MEN-'OUN.
GIGNETAI DE-G', 'EIPON, "OUTO$ "WDE PW$; 'ENIOTE PATRO$
'AGAQOU 'WN NEO$ "UO$ 'EN POLEI 'OIKOUNTO$ 'OUK 'EU POLITEUOMENHI,
FEUGONTO$ TA$ TE TIMA$ KAI 'ARCA$ KAI DIKA$ KAI THN TOIAUTHN
PASAN FILOPRAGMOSUNHN KAI 'EQELONTO$ 'ELATTOUSQAI "WSTE
PRAGMATA MH 'ECEIN %
PH*I DH, 'EFH, GIGNETAI:
"OTAN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PRWTON MEN TH$ MHTRO$ 'AKOUHI5 'ACQOMENH$
"OTI4 'OU TWN 'ARCONTWN0 'AUTHI "O 'ANHR 'ESTIN, KAI 'ELATTOUMENH$ DIA=
<P 549D>
TAUTA 'EN TAI$ 'ALLAI$ GUNAIXIN, 'EPEITA "ORWSH$ MH SFO=DRA
PERI= CRHMATA SPOUDAZONTA MHDE MACOMENON KAI LOIDOROUMENON
'IDIA\ TE 'EN DIKASTHRIOI$ KAI DHMOSIA\, 'ALLA= "RA\QUMW$ PANTA TA
TOIAUTA FERONTA, KAI "EAUTWI MEN TON NOUN PROSECONTA 'AEI
'AISQANHTAI, "EAUTHN DE-MHTE PANU TIMWNTA MHTE 'ATIMAZONTA,
'EX "APANTWN TOUTWN 'ACQOMENH$ TE-KAI LEGOUSH$ "W$ 'ANANDRO$
TE 'AUTWI "O PATHR KAI LIAN 'ANEIMENO$, KAI 'A=LLA DH "OSA KAI
<P 549E>
"OI*A FILOUSIN0 "AI GUNAIKE$ PERI= TWN TOIOUTWN "UMNEIN.
KAI MAL', 'EFH "O 'ADEIMANTO$, POLLA TE-KAI "O=MOIA "EAUTAI$.
'OISQA 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OTI4 KAI "OI 'OIKETAI TWN TOIOUTWN
'ENIOTE LAQRA\ PRO$ TOU$ "UEI$ TOIAUTA LEGOUSIN0, "OI DOKOUNTE$
'EUNOI 'EINAI, KAI 'EA=N TINA 'IDWSIN 'H= 'OFEILONTA CRHMATA, "WI MH
'EPEXERCETAI "O PATHR, 'H= TI 'ALLO 'ADIKOUNTA, DIAKELEUONTAI
"OPW$, 'EPEIDAN 'ANHR GENHTAI, TIMWRHSETAI PANTA$ TOU$ TOIOUTOU$


<P 550A>
KAI 'ANHR MALLON 'ESTAI TOU* PATRO$. KAI 'EXIWN "E=TERA
TOIAUTA 'AKOUEI0 KAI "ORA*I0, TOU$ MEN TA "AUTWN PRATTONTA$ 'EN THI
POLEI 'HLIQIOU$ TE KALOUMENOU$0 KAI 'EN SMIKRWI LOGWI 'ONTA$,
TOU$ DE MH TA "AUTWN TIMWMENOU$ TE-KAI 'EPAINOUMENOU$. TO=TE
DH "O NEO$ PANTA TA TOIAUTA 'AKOUWN TE-KAI "ORWN, KAI 'AU
TOU$ TOU* PATRO$ LOGOU$ 'AKOUWN TE-KAI "ORWN TA 'EPITHDEUMATA
'AUTOU4 'EGGUQEN PARA TA TWN 'ALLWN, "ELKOMENO$ "UP' 'AMFOTERWN
<P 550B>
TOUTWN, TOU* MEN PATRO$ 'AUTOU4 TO LOGISTIKON 'EN THI YUCHI
'ARDONTO$ TE-KAI 'AUXONTO$, TWN DE 'ALLWN TO TE 'EPIQUMHTIKON
KAI TO QUMOEIDE$, DIA= TO MH KAKOU 'ANDRO$ 'EINAI THN FUSIN,
"OMILIAI$ DE TAI$ TWN 'ALLWN KAKAI$ KECRHSQAI, 'EI$ TO MESON
"ELKOMENO$ "UP' 'AMFOTERWN TOUTWN 'HLQE, KAI THN 'EN "EAUTWI
'ARCHN PAREDWKE TW*I MESWI TE-KAI FILONIKWI KAI QUMOEIDEI, KAI
'EGENETO "UYHLOFRWN TE-KAI FILOTIMO$ 'ANHR.
KOMIDHI MOI, 'EFH, DOKEI$ THN TOUTOU GENESIN DIELHLUQENAI.
<P 550C>
'ECOMEN 'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, THN TE DEUTERAN POLITEIAN KAI TON
DEUTERON 'ANDRA.
'ECOMEN, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N META TOUTO, TO TOU* 'AISCULOU, LEGWMEN, 'ALLON1
'ALLHI1 PRO$1 POLEI1 TETAGMENON1, MALLON DE KATA THN
"UPOQESIN PROTERAN THN POLIN:
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
'EIH DE-G' 'AN4, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, 'OLIGARCIA "H META THN TOIAUTHN
POLITEIAN.
LEGEI$ DE, 'H*-D'-"O$, THN POI=AN KATASTASIN 'OLIGARCIAN:
THN 'APO TIMHMATWN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, POLITEIAN, 'EN "HI "OI MEN
<P 550D>
PLOUSIOI 'ARCOUSIN0, PENHTI DE 'OU METESTIN 'ARCH$.
MANQANW0, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'OUKOU*N "W$ METABAINEI0 PRWTON 'EK TH$ TIMARCIA$ 'EI$ THN
'OLIGARCIAN, "RHTEON:
NAI.
KAI-MHN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI TUFLWI GE DHLON "W$
METABAINEI0.
PW*$:
TO TAMIEION, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EKEINO "EKASTWI CRUSIOU PLHROUMENON
'APOLLUSI0 THN TOIAUTHN POLITEIAN. PRWTON MEN-GAR
DAPANA$ "AUTOI$ 'EXEURISKOUSIN0, KAI TOU$ NOMOU$ 'EPI TOUTO
PARAGOUSIN0, 'APEIQOUNTE$ 'AUTOI TE-KAI GUNAIKE$ 'AUTWN.
'EIKO$, 'EFH.
<P 550E>
'EPEITA GE 'OIMAI 'ALLO$ 'ALLON "ORWN KAI 'EI$ ZHLON 'IWN TO
PLHQO$ TOIOUTON "AUTWN 'APHRGASANTO.
'EIKO$.
'TOUNTEUQEN TOINUN, 'EIPON, PROIONTE$ 'EI$ TO PROSQEN TOU*
CRHMATIZESQAI, "OSWI 'AN4 TOUTO TIMIWTERON "HGWNTAI, TOSOUTWI
'ARETHN 'ATIMOTERAN. 'H= 'OUC "OUTW PLOUTOU 'ARETH DIESTHKEN0,
"WSPER 'EN PLASTIGGI ZUGOU KEIMENOU "EKATEROU, 'AEI 'TOUNANTION
"REPONTE:
KAI MAL', 'EFH.


<P 551A>
TIMWMENOU DH PLOUTOU 'EN POLEI KAI TWN PLOUSIWN
'ATIMOTE=RA 'ARETH TE-KAI "OI 'AGAQOI.
DHLON.
'ASKEITAI DH TO 'AEI TIMWMENON, 'AMELEITAI DE TO
'ATIMAZOMENON.
"OUTW.
'ANTI DH FILONIKWN KAI FILOTIMWN 'ANDRWN FILOCRHMATISTAI
KAI FILOCRHMATOI TELEUTWNTE$ 'EGENONTO, KAI TON
MEN PLOUSION 'EPAINOUSIN0 TE-KAI QAUMAZOUSI0 KAI 'EI$ TA$ 'ARCA$
'AGOUSI0, TON DE PENHTA 'ATIMAZOUSI0.
PANU GE.
'OUKOU*N TO=TE DH NOMON TIQENTAI "ORON POLITEIA$ 'OLIGARCIKH$
<P 551B>
TAXAMENOI PLHQO$ CRHMATWN, "OU4 MEN MALLON 'OLIGARCIA,
PLEON, "OU4 D' "HTTON, 'ELATTON, PROEIPONTE$ 'ARCWN MH METECEIN
"WI 'AN4 MH 'HI 'OUSIA 'EI$ TO TACQEN TIMHMA, TAUTA DE 'H= BIA\
MEQ' "OPLWN DIAPRATTONTAI, 'H=-KAI PRO TOUTOU FOBHSANTE$
KATESTHSANTO THN TOIAUTHN POLITEIAN. 'H= 'OUC "OUTW$:
"OUTW MEN-'OUN.
"H MEN-DH KATASTASI$ "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN "AU=TH.
NAI, 'EFH; 'ALLA= TI=$ DH "O TROPO$ TH$ POLITEIA$: KAI POI*A
<P 551C>
'ESTIN "A 'EFAMEN 'AUTHN "AMARTHMATA 'ECEIN:
PRWTON MEN, 'EFHN, TOUTO 'AUTO, "ORO$ 'AUTH$ "OIO$ 'ESTIN.
'AQREI5 GAR, 'EI NEWN "OUTW TI$ POIOITO KUBERNHTA$, 'APO
TIMHMATWN, TW*I DE PENHTI, 'EI KAI KUBERNHTIKWTERO$ 'EIH, MH
'EPITREPOI %
PONHRAN, 'H*-D'-"O$, THN NAUTILIAN 'AUTOU$ NAUTILLESQAI.
'OUKOU*N-KAI PERI= 'ALLOU "OUTW$ "OTOUOUN 'H=8 TINO$8 'ARCH$:
'OIMAI 'EGWGE.
PLHN POLEW$: 'H*N-D'-'EGW; 'H=-KAI POLEW$ PE=RI:
POLU G', 'EFH, MALISTA, "OSWI CALEPWTATH KAI MEGISTH "H
'ARCH.
<P 551D>
"EN MEN-DH TOUTO TOSOUTON 'OLIGARCIA 'AN4 'ECOI "AMARTHMA.
FAINETAI.
TI= DE: TODE 'A*RA TI TOUTOU 'ELATTON:
TO POI*ON:
TO MH MIAN 'ALLA= DUO 'ANAGKHI 'EINAI THN TOIAUTHN POLIN,
THN MEN PENHTWN, THN DE PLOUSIWN, 'OIKOUNTA$ 'EN TW*I 'AUTWI,
'AEI 'EPIBOULEUONTA$ 'ALLHLOI$.
'OUDEN MA DI=', 'EFH, 'ELATTON.
'ALLA=-MHN-'OUDE TODE KALON, TO 'ADUNATOU$ 'EINAI 'ISW$
POLEMON TINA POLEMEIN DIA= TO 'ANAGKAZESQAI 'H= CRWMENOU$
<P 551E>
TW*I PLHQEI "WPLISMENWI DEDIENAI MALLON 'H= TOU$ POLEMIOU$, 'H=
MH CRWMENOU$ "W$ 'ALHQW$ 'OLIGARCIKOU$ FANHNAI 'EN 'AUTWI TW*I
MACESQAI, KAI "AMA CRHMATA MH 'EQELEIN 'EISFEREIN, "ATE
FILOCRHMATOU$.
'OU KALON.
TI= DE: "O= PALAI 'ELOIDOROUMEN, TO POLUPRAGMONEIN GEWRGOUNTA$


<P 552A>
KAI CRHMATIZOMENOU$ KAI POLEMOUNTA$ "AMA TOU$
'AUTOU$ 'EN THI TOIAUTHI POLITEIA\, 'H* DOKEI0 'ORQW$ 'ECEIN:
'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN.
"ORA DH, TOUTWN PANTWN TWN KAKWN 'EI TODE MEGISTON
"AU=TH PRWTH PARADECETAI.
TO POI*ON:
TO 'EXEINAI PANTA TA "AUTOU 'APODOSQAI, KAI 'ALLWI KTHSASQAI
TA TOUTOU, KAI 'APODOMENON 'OIKEIN 'EN THI POLEI MHDEN 'ONTA TWN
TH$ POLEW$ MERWN, MHTE CRHMATISTHN MHTE DHMIOURGON MHTE
"IPPEA MHTE "OPLITHN, 'ALLA= PENHTA KAI 'APORON KEKLHMENON.
<P 552B>
PRWTH, 'EFH.
'OU=KOUN DIAKWLUETAI GE 'EN TAI$ 'OLIGARCOUMENAI$ TO
TOIOUTON; 'OU-GAR 'AN4 "OI MEN "UPERPLOUTOI 'HSAN, "OI DE
PANTAPASI PENHTE$.
'ORQW$.
TODE DE 'AQREI5; 'A*RA "OTE PLOUSIO$ 'WN 'ANHLISKEN "O TOIOUTO$,
MALLON TI TO=T' 'H*N 'OFELO$ THI POLEI 'EI$ "A NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN: 'H=
'EDOKEI MEN TWN 'ARCONTWN0 'EINAI, THI DE 'ALHQEIA\ 'OUTE 'ARCWN
'OUTE "UPHRETH$ 'H*N 'AUTH$, 'ALLA= TWN "ETOIMWN 'ANALWTH$:
<P 552C>
"OUTW$, 'EFH; 'EDOKEI, 'H*N DE 'OUDEN 'ALLO 'H= 'ANALWTH$.
BOULEI 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, FWMEN 'AUTON, "W$ 'EN KHRIWI KHFHN
'EGGIGNETAI, SMHNOU$ NOSHMA, "OUTW KAI TON TOIOUTON 'EN 'OIKIA\
KHFHNA 'EGGIGNESQAI, NOSHMA POLEW$:
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$.
'OUKOU*N, 'W* 'ADEIMANTE, TOU$ MEN PTHNOU$ KHFHNA$ PANTA$
'AKENTROU$ "O QEO$ PEPOIHKEN0, TOU$ DE PEZOU$ TOUTOU$ 'ENIOU$ MEN
'AUTWN 'AKENTROU$, 'ENIOU$ DE DEINA KENTRA 'ECONTA$: KAI 'EK
MEN TWN 'AKENTRWN PTWCOI PRO$ TO GHRA$ TELEUTWSIN0, 'EK DE
<P 552D>
TWN KEKENTRWMENWN PANTE$ "OSOI KEKLHNTAI KAKOURGOI:
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH.
DHLON 'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EN POLEI "OU4 'AN4 'IDHI$ PTWCOU$, "OTI4
'EISI POU 'EN TOUTWI TW*I TOPWI 'APOKEKRUMMENOI KLEPTAI TE-KAI
BALLANTIATOMOI KAI "IEROSULOI KAI PANTWN TWN TOIOUTWN KAKWN
DHMIOURGOI.
DHLON, 'EFH.
TI= 'OUN: 'EN TAI$ 'OLIGARCOUMENAI$ POLESI PTWCOU$ 'OUC
"ORA*I$0 'ENONTA$:
'OLIGOU G', 'EFH, PANTA$ TOU$ 'EKTO$ TWN 'ARCONTWN0.
<P 552E>
MH-'OUN 'OIOMEQA, 'EFHN 'EGW, KAI KAKOURGOU$ POLLOU$ 'EN
'AUTAI$ 'EINAI KENTRA 'ECONTA$, "OU$ 'EPIMELEIA\ BIA\ KATECOUSIN0
"AI 'ARCAI:
'OIOMEQA MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
'A*R'-'OUN 'OU DI' 'APAIDEUSIAN KAI KAKHN TROFHN KAI
KATASTASIN TH$ POLITEIA$ FHSOMEN TOU$ TOIOUTOU$ 'AUTOQI
'EGGIGNESQAI:
FHSOMEN.
'ALL'-'OUN-DH TOIAUTH GE TI$ 'AN4 'EIH "H 'OLIGARCOUMENH POLI$
KAI TOSAUTA KAKA 'ECOUSA, 'ISW$ DE-KAI PLEIW.
SCEDON TI, 'EFH.


<P 553A>
'APEIRGASQW DH "HMIN KAI "AU=TH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "H POLITEIA, "HN
'OLIGARCIAN KALOUSIN0, 'EK TIMHMATWN 'ECOUSA TOU$ 'ARCONTA$;
TON DE TAUTHI "OMOION META TAUTA SKOPWMEN, "W$ TE GIGNETAI
"OIO$ TE GENOMENO$ 'ESTIN.
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
'A*R'-'OUN "WDE MALISTA 'EI$ 'OLIGARCIKON 'EK TOU* TIMOKRATIKOU
'EKEINOU METABALLEI0:
PW*$:
"OTAN 'AUTOU4 PAI$ GENOMENO$ TO MEN PRWTON ZHLOI2 TE TON
PATERA KAI TA 'EKEINOU 'ICNH DIWKHI5, 'EPEITA 'AUTON 'IDHI6 'EXAIFNH$
<P 553B>
PTAISANTA "WSPER PRO$ "ERMATI PRO$ THI POLEI, KAI 'EKCEANTA
TA TE "AUTOU KAI "EAUTON, 'H= STRATHGHSANTA 'H= TIN' 'ALLHN
MEGALHN 'ARCHN 'ARXANTA, 'EITA 'EI$ DIKASTHRION 'EMPESONTA
BLAPTOMENON8 "UPO SUKOFANTWN 'H= 'APOQANONTA 'H= 'EKPESONTA
'H= 'ATIMWQENTA KAI THN 'OUSIAN "APASAN 'APOBALONTA.
'EIKO$ G', 'EFH.
'IDWN DE-GE, 'W* FILE, TAUTA KAI PAQWN KAI 'APOLESA$ TA
'ONTA, DEISA$ 'OIMAI 'EUQU$ 'EPI KEFALHN 'WQEI0 'EK TOU* QRONOU
<P 553C>
TOU* 'EN THI "EAUTOU YUCHI FILOTIMIAN TE-KAI TO QUMOEIDE$
'EKEINO, KAI TAPEINWQEI$ "UPO PENIA$ PRO$ CRHMATISMON TRAPOMENO$
GLISCRW$ KAI KATA SMIKRON FEIDOMENO$ KAI 'ERGAZOMENO$
CRHMATA SULLEGETAI. 'A*R' 'OUK 'OIEI TON TOIOUTON TO=TE 'EI$ MEN
TON QRONON 'EKEINON TO 'EPIQUMHTIKON TE-KAI FILOCRHMATON
'EGKAQIZEIN KAI MEGAN BASILEA POIEIN 'EN "EAUTWI, TIARA$ TE-KAI
STREPTOU$ KAI 'AKINAKA$ PARAZWNNUNTA:
'EGWG', 'EFH.
<P 553D>
TO DE-GE 'OIMAI LOGISTIKON TE-KAI QUMOEIDE$ CAMAI 'ENQEN
KAI 'ENQEN PARAKAQISA$ "UP' 'EKEINWI KAI KATADOULWSAMENO$, TO
MEN 'OUDEN 'ALLO 'EA*I0 LOGIZESQAI 'OUDE SKOPEIN 'ALL'-'H= "OPOQEN
'EX 'ELATTONWN CRHMATWN PLEIW 'ESTAI, TO DE 'AU QAUMAZEIN
KAI TIMAN MHDEN 'ALLO 'H= PLOUTON TE-KAI PLOUSIOU$, KAI
FILOTIMEISQAI MHD' 'EF' "ENI 'ALLWI 'H= 'EPI CRHMATWN KTHSEI
KAI 'EA=N TI 'ALLO 'EI$ TOUTO FERHI5.
'OUK 'EST' 'ALLH, 'EFH, METABOLH "OUTW TACEIA TE-KAI 'ISCURA
'EK FILOTIMOU NEOU 'EI$ FILOCRHMATON.
<P 553E>
'A*R'-'OUN "OUTO$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OLIGARCIKO$ 'ESTIN:
"H GOUN METABOLH 'AUTOU4 'EX "OMOIOU 'ANDRO$ 'ESTI THI POLITEIA\,
'EX "H$ "H 'OLIGARCIA METESTH.
SKOPWMEN DH 'EI "OMOIO$ 'AN4 'EIH.


<P 554A>
SKOPWMEN.
'OUKOU*N PRWTON MEN TW*I CRHMATA PERI= PLEISTOU POIEISQAI
"OMOIO$ 'AN4 'EIH:
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
KAI-MHN TW*I GE FEIDWLO$ 'EINAI KAI 'ERGATH$, TA$ 'ANAGKAIOU$
'EPIQUMIA$ MONON TWN PAR' "AUTWI 'APOPIMPLA$, TA DE 'A=LLA
'ANALWMATA MH PARECOMENO$, 'ALLA= DOULOUMENO$ TA$ 'ALLA$
'EPIQUMIA$ "W$ MATAIOU$.
PANU MEN-'OUN.
'AUCMHRO$ GE TI$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'WN KAI 'APO PANTO$ PERIOUSIAN
POIOUMENO$, QHSAUROPOIO$ 'ANHR % "OU$ DH-KAI 'EPAINEI0 TO PLHQO$
<P 554B> %
'H= 'OUC "OUTO$ 'AN4 'EIH "O THI TOIAUTHI POLITEIA\ "OMOIO$:
'EMOI4 GOUN, 'EFH, DOKEI0; CRHMATA GOUN MALISTA 'ENTIMA THI
TE POLEI KAI PARA TW*I TOIOUTWI.
'OU-GAR 'OIMAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PAIDEIA\ "O TOIOUTO$ PROSESCHKEN0.
'OU DOKW0, 'EFH; 'OU-GAR 'AN4 TUFLON "HGEMONA TOU* COROU
'ESTHSATO KAI 'ETIMA7 MALISTA.
'EU, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. TODE DE SKOPEI5; KHFHNWDEI$ 'EPIQUMIA$ 'EN
'AUTWI DIA= THN 'APAIDEUSIAN MH FWMEN 'EGGIGNESQAI, TA$ MEN
<P 554C>
PTWCIKA$, TA$ DE KAKOURGOU$, KATECOMENA$ BIA\ "UPO TH$ 'ALLH$
'EPIMELEIA$:
KAI MAL', 'EFH.
'OISQ' 'OUN, 'EIPON, "OI*4 'APOBLEYA$ KATOYEI 'AUTWN TA$
KAKOURGIA$:
POI*: 'EFH.
'EI$ TA$ TWN 'ORFANWN 'EPITROPEUSEI$, KAI 'EI POU TI 'AUTOI$
TOIOUTON SUMBAINEI0, "WSTE POLLH$ 'EXOUSIA$ LABESQAI TOU*
'ADIKEIN.
'ALHQH.
'A*R'-'OUN 'OU TOUTWI DHLON "OTI4 'EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$ SUMBOLAIOI$
"O TOIOUTO$, 'EN "OI$ 'EUDOKIMEI0 DOKWN DIKAIO$ 'EINAI, 'EPIEIKEI
<P 554D>
TINI "EAUTOU BIA\ KATECEI0 'ALLA$ KAKA$ 'EPIQUMIA$ 'ENOUSA$,
'OU PEIQWN "OTI4 'OUK 'AMEINON, 'OUD' "HMERWN LOGWI, 'ALL' 'ANAGKHI
KAI FOBWI, PERI= TH$ 'ALLH$ 'OUSIA$ TREMWN:
KAI PANU G', 'EFH.
KAI NH DI=A, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* FILE, TOI$ POLLOI$ GE 'AUTWN
'ENEURHSEI$, "OTAN DEHI5 'TALLOTRIA 'ANALISKEIN, TA$ TOU* KHFHNO$
SUGGENEI$ 'ENOUSA$ 'EPIQUMIA$.
KAI MALA, 'H*-D'-"O$, SFO=DRA.
'OUK-'A=R' 'AN4 'EIH 'ASTASIASTO$ "O TOIOUTO$ 'EN "EAUTWI, 'OUDE
"EI$ 'ALLA= DIPLOU$ TI$, 'EPIQUMIA$ DE 'EPIQUMIWN "W$ TO POLU
<P 554E>
KRATOUSA$ 'AN4 'ECOI BELTIOU$ CEIRONWN.
'ESTIN "OUTW.
DIA= TAUTA DH 'OIMAI 'EUSCHMONESTERO$ 'AN4 POLLWN "O
TOIOUTO$ 'EIH; "OMONOHTIKH$ DE-KAI "HRMOSMENH$ TH$ YUCH$
'ALHQH$ 'ARETH PORRW POI 'EKFEUGOI 'AN4 'AUTON.
DOKEI0 MOI.
KAI-MHN 'ANTAGWNISTH$ GE 'IDIA\ 'EN POLEI "O FEIDWLO$


<P 555A>
FAULO$ 'H= TINO$ NIKH$ 'H= 'ALLH$ FILOTIMIA$ TWN KALWN, CRHMATA
TE 'OUK 'EQELWN 'EUDOXIA$ "ENEKA KAI TWN TOIOUTWN 'AGWNWN
'ANALISKEIN, DEDIW$ TA$ 'EPIQUMIA$ TA$ 'ANALWTIKA$ 'EGEIREIN
KAI SUMPARAKALEIN0 'EPI SUMMACIAN TE-KAI FILONIKIAN, 'OLIGOI$
TISIN "EAUTOU POLEMWN 'OLIGARCIKW$ TA POLLA "HTTATAI0 KAI
PLOUTEI0.
KAI MALA, 'EFH.
'ETI 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'APISTOUMEN MH KATA THN 'OLIGARCOUMENHN
POLIN "OMOIOTHTI TON FEIDWLON TE-KAI CRHMATISTHN
<P 555B>
TETACQAI:
'OUDAMW$, 'EFH.
DHMOKRATIAN DH, "W$ 'EOIKE0, META TOUTO SKEPTEON, TI=NA TE
GIGNETAI TROPON, GENOMENH TE POI*ON TINA 'ECEI0, "IN' 'AU TON
TOU* TOIOUTOU 'ANDRO$ TROPON GNONTE$ PARASTHSWMEQ' 'AUTON
'EI$ KRISIN.
"OMOIW$ GOUN 'AN4, 'EFH, "HMIN-'AUTOI$ POREUOIMEQA.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, METABALLEI0 MEN TROPON TINA TOIONDE
'EX 'OLIGARCIA$ 'EI$ DHMOKRATIAN, DI' 'APLHSTIAN TOU* PROKEIMENOU
'AGAQOU, TOU* "W$ PLOUSIWTATON DEIN GIGNESQAI:
PW*$ DH:
<P 555C>
"ATE 'OIMAI 'ARCONTE$ 'EN 'AUTHI "OI 'ARCONTE$ DIA= TO POLLA
KEKTHSQAI, 'OUK 'EQELOUSIN0 'EIRGEIN NOMWI TWN NEWN "OSOI 'AN4
'AKOLASTOI GIGNWNTAI, MH 'EXEINAI 'AUTOI$ 'ANALISKEIN TE-KAI
'APOLLUNAI TA "AUTWN, "INA 'WNOUMENOI TA TWN TOIOUTWN KAI
'EISDANEIZONTE$ 'ETI PLOUSIWTEROI KAI 'ENTIMOTEROI GIGNWNTAI.
PANTO$ GE MALLON.
'OUKOU*N DHLON 'HDH TOUTO 'EN POLEI, "OTI4 PLOUTON TIMAN
KAI SWFROSUNHN "AMA "IKANW$ KTASQAI 'EN TOI$ POLITAI$
<P 555D>
'ADUNATON, 'ALL' 'ANAGKH 'H= TOU* "ETEROU 'AMELEIN 'H= TOU* "ETEROU:
'EPIEIKW$, 'EFH, DHLON.
PARAMELOUNTE$ DH 'EN TAI$ 'OLIGARCIAI$ KAI 'EFIENTE$ 'AKOLASTAINEIN
'OUK 'AGENNEI$ 'ENIOTE 'ANQRWPOU$ PENHTA$ 'HNAGKASAN
GENESQAI.
MALA GE.
KAQHNTAI DH 'OIMAI "OUTOI 'EN THI POLEI KEKENTRWMENOI TE-KAI
'EXWPLISMENOI, "OI MEN 'OFEILONTE$ CREA, "OI DE 'ATIMOI
GEGONOTE$, "OI DE 'AMFO=TERA, MISOUNTE$ TE-KAI 'EPIBOULEUONTE$
TOI$ KTHSAMENOI$ TA "AUTWN KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$, NEWTERISMOU
<P 555E>
'ERWNTE$.
'ESTI TAUTA.
"OI DE-DH CRHMATISTAI 'EGKUYANTE$, 'OUDE DOKOUNTE$ TOUTOU$
"ORAN, TWN LOIPWN TON 'AEI "UPEIKONTA 'ENIENTE$ 'ARGURION
TITRWSKONTE$, KAI TOU* PATRO$ 'EKGONOU$ TOKOU$ POLLAPLASIOU$


<P 556A>
KOMIZOMENOI, POLUN TON KHFHNA KAI PTWCON 'EMPOIOUSI0
THI POLEI.
PW*$ GAR, 'EFH, 'OU POLUN:
KAI-'OUTE-G' 'EKEINHI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TO TOIOUTON KAKON 'EKKAOMENON
'EQELOUSIN0 'APOSBENNUNAI, 'EIRGONTE$ TA "AUTOU "OPHI TI$
BOULETAI TREPEIN, 'OUTE THIDE, "HI 'AU KATA "ETERON NOMON TA
TOIAUTA LUETAI.
KATA DH TI=NA:
"O$4 MET' 'EKEINON 'ESTI DEUTERO$ KAI 'ANAGKAZWN 'ARETH$
'EPIMELEISQAI TOU$ POLITA$. 'EA=N GAR 'EPI TW*I "AUTOU KINDUNWI
<P 556B>
TA POLLA TI$ TWN "EKOUSIWN SUMBOLAIWN PROSTATTHI5 SUMBALLEIN,
CRHMATIZOINTO MEN 'AN4 "HTTON 'ANAIDW$ 'EN THI POLEI,
'ELATTW D' 'EN 'AUTHI FUOITO TWN TOIOUTWN KAKWN "OIWN NUNDH
'EIPOMEN.
KAI POLU GE, 'H*-D'-"O$.
NU*N DE-G', 'EFHN 'EGW, DIA= PANTA TA TOIAUTA TOU$ MEN-DH
'ARCOMENOU$ "OUTW DIATIQEASIN 'EN THI POLEI "OI 'ARCONTE$;
SFA$ DE 'AUTOU$ KAI TOU$ "AUTWN % 'A*R' 'OU TRUFWNTA$ MEN
TOU$ NEOU$ KAI 'APONOU$ KAI PRO$ TA TOU* SWMATO$ KAI PRO$
<P 556C>
TA TH$ YUCH$, MALAKOU$ DE KARTEREIN PRO$ "HDONA$ TE-KAI
LUPA$ KAI 'ARGOU$:
TI= MHN:
"AUTOU$ DE PLHN CRHMATISMOU TWN 'ALLWN 'HMELHKOTA$,
KAI 'OUDEN PLEIW 'EPIMELEIAN PEPOIHMENOU$ 'ARETH$ 'H= TOU$
PENHTA$:
'OU-GAR-'OUN.
"OUTW DH PARESKEUASMENOI "OTAN PARABALLWSIN 'ALLHLOI$
"OI TE 'ARCONTE$ KAI "OI 'ARCOMENOI 'H= 'EN "ODWN POREIAI$ 'H= 'EN
'ALLAI$ TISI KOINWNIAI$, 'H= KATA QEWRIA$ 'H= KATA STRATEIA$,
'H= SUMPLOI GIGNOMENOI 'H= SUSTRATIWTAI, 'H=-KAI 'EN 'AUTOI$ TOI$
<P 556D>
KINDUNOI$ 'ALLHLOU$ QEWMENOI MHDAMHI TAUTHI KATAFRONWNTAI
"OI PENHTE$ "UPO TWN PLOUSIWN, 'ALLA= POLLAKI$ 'ISCNO$ 'ANHR
PENH$, "HLIWMENO$, PARATACQEI$ 'EN MACHI PLOUSIWI 'ESKIATROFHKOTI,
POLLA$ 'ECONTI SARKA$ 'ALLOTRIA$, 'IDHI6 'ASQMATO$
TE-KAI 'APORIA$ MESTON, 'A*R' 'OIEI 'AUTON 'OUC "HGEISQAI KAKIA\
THI SFETERA\ PLOUTEIN TOU$ TOIOUTO$, KAI 'ALLON 'ALLWI PARAGGELLEIN,
"OTAN 'IDIA\ SUGGIGNWNTAI, "OTI4 "ANDRE$ "HMETEROI;
<P 556E>
'EISI GAR 'OUDEN:
'EU 'OIDA MEN-'OUN, 'EFH, 'EGWGE, "OTI4 "OUTW POIOUSIN0.
'OUKOU*N "WSPER SWMA NOSWDE$ MIKRA$ "ROPH$ 'EXWQEN DEITAI
PROSLABESQAI PRO$ TO KAMNEIN, 'ENIOTE DE-KAI 'ANEU TWN 'EXW
STASIAZEI0 'AUTO "AUTWI, "OUTW DH-KAI "H KATA 'TAUTA 'EKEINWI
DIAKEIMENH POLI$ 'APO SMIKRA$ PROFASEW$, 'EXWQEN 'EPAGOMENWN
'H= TWN "ETERWN 'EX 'OLIGARCOUMENH$ POLEW$ SUMMACIAN
'H= TWN "ETERWN 'EK DHMOKRATOUMENH$, NOSEI0 TE-KAI 'AUTH "AUTHI
MACETAI, 'ENIOTE DE-KAI 'ANEU TWN 'EXW STASIAZEI0:


<P 557A>
KAI SFO=DRA GE.
DHMOKRATIA DH 'OIMAI GIGNETAI "OTAN "OI PENHTE$ NIKHSANTE$
TOU$ MEN 'APOKTEINWSI TWN "ETERWN, TOU$ DE 'EKBALWSI,
TOI$ DE LOIPOI$ 'EX 'ISOU METADWSI POLITEIA$ TE-KAI 'ARCWN,
KAI "W$ TO POLU 'APO KLHRWN "AI 'ARCAI 'EN 'AUTHI GIGNONTAI.
'ESTI GAR, 'EFH, "AU=TH "H KATASTASI$ DHMOKRATIA$, 'EANTE-KAI
DI' "OPLWN GENHTAI 'EANTE-KAI DIA= FOBON "UPEXELQONTWN3
TWN "ETERWN.
TI=NA DH-'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OUTOI TROPON 'OIKOUSI0: KAI POI=A
<P 557B>
TI$ "H TOIAUTH 'AU POLITEIA: DHLON GAR "OTI4 "O TOIOUTO$ 'ANHR
DHMOKRATIKO$ TI$ 'ANAFANHSETAI.
DHLON, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N PRWTON MEN-DH 'ELEUQEROI, KAI 'ELEUQERIA$ "H POLI$
MESTH KAI PARRHSIA$ GIGNETAI, KAI 'EXOUSIA 'EN 'AUTHI POIEIN
"OTI2 TI$ BOULETAI:
LEGETAI GE-DH, 'EFH.
"OPOU DE-GE 'EXOUSIA, DHLON "OTI4 'IDIAN "EKASTO$ 'AN4 KATASKEUHN
TOU* "AUTOU BIOU KATASKEUAZOITO 'EN 'AUTHI, "HTI$ "EKASTON
'ARESKOI.
DHLON.
<P 557C>
PANTODAPOI DH 'AN4 'OIMAI 'EN TAUTHI THI POLITEIA\ MALIST'
'EGGIGNOINTO 'ANQRWPOI.
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
KINDUNEUEI0, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KALLISTH "AU=TH TWN POLITEIWN
'EINAI; "WSPER "IMATION POIKILON PASIN 'ANQESI PEPOIKILMENON,
"OUTW KAI "AU=TH PASIN 'HQESIN PEPOIKILMENH KALLISTH 'AN4
FAINOITO. KAI 'ISW$ MEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI TAUTHN, "WSPER "OI
PAIDE$ TE-KAI "AI GUNAIKE$ TA POIKILA QEWMENOI, KALLISTHN
'AN4 POLLOI KRINEIAN.
KAI MAL', 'EFH.
<P 557D>
KAI 'ESTIN GE, 'W* MAKARIE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EPITHDEION ZHTEIN 'EN
'AUTHI POLITEIAN.
TI= DH:
"OTI4 PANTA GENH POLITEIWN 'ECEI0 DIA= THN 'EXOUSIAN, KAI
KINDUNEUEI0 TW*I BOULOMENWI POLIN KATASKEUAZEIN, "O= NUNDH "HMEI$
'EPOIOUMEN, 'ANAGKAION 'EINAI 'EI$ DHMOKRATOUMENHN 'ELQONTI
POLIN, "O$4 'AN4 'AUTON 'ARESKHI5 TROPO$, TOUTON 'EKLEXASQAI,
"WSPER 'EI$ PANTOPWLION 'AFIKOMENWI POLITEIWN, KAI 'EKLEXAMENWI
"OUTW KATOIKIZEIN.
<P 557E>
'ISW$ GOUN, 'EFH, 'OUK 'AN4 'APOROI PARADEIGMATWN.
TO DE MHDEMIAN 'ANAGKHN, 'EIPON, 'EINAI 'ARCEIN 'EN TAUTHI
THI POLEI, MHD' 'AN2 'HI$ "IKANO$ 'ARCEIN, MHDE 'AU 'ARCESQAI, 'EA=N
MH BOULHI3, MHDE POLEMEIN POLEMOUNTWN0, MHDE 'EIRHNHN 'AGEIN
TWN 'ALLWN 'AGONTWN0, 'EA=N MH 'EPIQUMHI$ 'EIRHNH$, MHDE 'AU, 'EA=N
TI$ 'ARCEIN NOMO$ SE DIAKWLUHI5 'H= DIKAZEIN, MHDEN "HTTON KAI


<P 558A>
'ARCEIN KAI DIKAZEIN, 'EA=N 'AUTWI SOI4 'EPIHI5, 'A*R' 'OU QESPESI=A
KAI "HDEIA "H TOIAUTH DIAGWGH 'EN TW*I PARAUTIKA:
'ISW$, 'EFH, 'EN GE TOUTWI.
TI= DE: "H PRA\OTH$ 'ENIWN TWN DIKASQENTWN5 'OU KOMYH: 'H=
'OUPW 'EIDE$, 'EN TOIAUTHI POLITEIA\ 'ANQRWPWN8 KATAYHFISQENTWN5
QANATOU 'H= FUGH$, 'OUDEN "HTTON 'AUTWN MENONTWN0 TE-KAI
'ANASTREFOMENWN 'EN MESWI, KAI8 "W$ 'OUTE FRONTIZONTO$ 'OUTE
"ORWNTO$ 'OUDENO$ PERINOSTEI0 "WSPER "HRW$:
KAI POLLOU$ G', 'EFH.
<P 558B>
"H DE SUGGNWMH KAI-'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN SMIKROLOGIA 'AUTH$,
'ALLA= KATAFRONHSI$ "WN "HMEI$ 'ELEGOMEN SEMNUNONTE$, "OTE THN
POLIN 'WIKIZOMEN, "W$ 'EI MH TI$ "UPERBEBLHMENHN FUSIN 'ECOI,
'OUPOT' 'AN4 GENOITO 'ANHR 'AGAQO$, 'EI MH PAI$ 'WN 'EUQU$ PAIZOI
'EN KALOI$ KAI 'EPITHDEUOI TA TOIAUTA PANTA, "W$ MEGALOPREPW$
KATAPATHSAS' "APANT' 'AUTA 'OUDEN FRONTIZEI0 'EX "OPOIWN 'AN4
TI$ 'EPITHDEUMATWN 'EPI TA POLITIKA 'IWN PRATTHI5, 'ALLA= TIMA*I0,
<P 558C>
'EA=N FHI5 MONON 'EUNOU$ 'EINAI TW*I PLHQEI:
PANU G', 'EFH, GENNAI=A.
TAUTA TE-DH, 'EFHN, 'ECOI 'AN4 KAI TOUTWN 'A=LLA 'ADELFA
DHMOKRATIA, KAI 'EIH, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "HDEIA POLITEIA KAI 'ANARCO$
KAI POIKILH, 'ISOTHTA TINA "OMOIW$ 'ISOI$ TE-KAI 'ANISOI$
DIANEMOUSA.
KAI MAL', 'EFH, GNWRIMA LEGEI$.
'AQREI5 DH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TI=$ "O TOIOUTO$ 'IDIA\. 'H= PRWTON SKEPTEON,
"WSPER THN POLITEIAN 'ESKEYAMEQA, TI=NA TROPON GIGNETAI:
NAI, 'EFH.
'A*R'-'OUN 'OUC "WDE: TOU* FEIDWLOU 'EKEINOU KAI 'OLIGARCIKOU
<P 558D>
GENOIT' 'AN4 'OIMAI "UO$ "UPO TW*I PATRI TEQRAMMENO$ 'EN TOI$
'EKEINOU 'HQESI:
TI= GAR 'OU=:
BIA\ DH-KAI "OUTO$ 'ARCWN TWN 'EN "AUTWI "HDONWN, "OSAI
'ANALWTIKAI MEN, CRHMATISTIKAI DE MH; "AI=4 DH 'OUK 'ANAGKAIAI
KEKLHNTAI %
DHLON, 'EFH.
BOULEI 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "INA MH SKOTEINW$ DIALEGWMEQA,
PRWTON "ORISWMEQA TA$ TE 'ANAGKAIOU$ 'EPIQUMIA$ KAI TA$ MH:
BOULOMAI, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'OUKOU*N "A$ TE 'OUK 'AN4 "OIOI-T'-'EIMEN 'APOTREYAI0, DIKAIW$
<P 558E>
'AN4 'ANAGKAIAI KALOINTO0, KAI "OSAI 'APOTELOUMENAI0 'WFELOUSIN0
"HMA$: TOUTWN GAR 'AMFOTERWN 'EFIESQAI "HMWN THI FUSEI
'ANAGKH. 'H= 'OU=:
KAI MALA.


<P 559A>
DIKAIW$ DH TOUTO 'EP' 'AUTAI$ 'EROUMEN2, TO 'ANAGKAION.
DIKAIW$.
TI= DE: "A$ GE TI$ 'APALLAXEIEN 'AN4, 'EI MELETWI 'EK NEOU, KAI
PRO$ 'OUDEN 'AGAQON 'ENOUSAI DRWSIN0, "AI DE-KAI 'TOUNANTION,
PASA$ TAUTA$ 'EI MH 'ANAGKAIOU$ FAIMEN 'EINAI, 'A*R' 'OU KALW$
'AN4 LEGOIMEN:
KALW$ MEN-'OUN.
PROELWMEQA DH TI PARADEIGMA "EKATERWN "AI=4 'EISIN, "INA
TUPWI LABWMEN 'AUTA$:
'OUKOU*N CRH.
'A*R'-'OUN 'OUC "H TOU* FAGEIN MECRI "UGIEIA$ TE-KAI 'EUEXIA$
<P 559B>
KAI 'AUTOU4 SITOU TE-KAI 'OYOU 'ANAGKAIO$ 'AN4 'EIH:
'OIMAI.
"H MEN-GE-POU TOU* SITOU KAT' 'AMFO=TERA 'ANAGKAI=A, "HI TE
'WFELIMO$ "HI TE MH7 PAUSAI0 ZWNTA DUNATH.
NAI.
"H DE 'OYOU, 'EI PHI TINA 'WFELIAN PRO$ 'EUEXIAN PARECETAI.
PANU MEN-'OUN.
TI= DE "H PERA TOUTWN KAI 'ALLOIWN 'EDESMATWN 'H= TOIOUTWN
'EPIQUMIA, DUNATH DE KOLAZOMENH 'EK NEWN KAI PAIDEUOMENH
'EK TWN POLLWN 'APALLATTESQAI, KAI BLABERA MEN SWMATI,
BLABERA DE YUCHI PRO$ TE FRONHSIN KAI TO SWFRONEIN: 'A*RA-GE
<P 559C>
'ORQW$ 'OUK 'ANAGKAI=A 'AN4 KALOITO0:
'ORQOTATA MEN-'OUN.
'OUKOU*N-KAI 'ANALWTIKA$ FWMEN 'EINAI TAUTA$, 'EKEINA$ DE
CRHMATISTIKA$ DIA= TO CRHSIMOU$ PRO$ TA 'ERGA 'EINAI:
TI= MHN:
"OUTW DH-KAI PERI= 'AFRODISIWN KAI TWN 'ALLWN FHSOMEN:
"OUTW.
'A*R'-'OUN-KAI "ON NUNDH KHFHNA 'WNOMAZOMEN, TOUTON 'ELEGOMEN
TON TWN TOIOUTWN "HDONWN KAI 'EPIQUMIWN GEMONTA KAI
<P 559D>
'ARCOMENON "UPO TWN MH 'ANAGKAIWN, TON DE "UPO TWN 'ANAGKAIWN
FEIDWLON TE-KAI 'OLIGARCIKON:
'ALLA= TI= MHN:
PALIN TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, LEGWMEN "W$ 'EX 'OLIGARCIKOU DHMOKRATIKO$
GIGNETAI. FAINETAI DE MOI TA GE POLLA "WDE GIGNESQAI.
PW*$:
"OTAN NEO$, TEQRAMMENO$ "W$ NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN, 'APAIDEUTW$
TE-KAI FEIDWLW$, GEUSHTAI KHFHNWN MELITO$, KAI SUGGENHTAI
'AIQWSI QHRSI KAI DEINOI$, PANTODAPA$ "HDONA$ KAI POIKILA$
KAI PANTOIW$ 'ECOUSA$ DUNAMENOI$ SKEUAZEIN, 'ENTAUQA POU
<P 559E>
'OIOU 'EINAI 'ARCHN 'AUTWI METABOLH$ 'OLIGARCIKH$ TH$ 'EN
"EAUTWI 'EI$ DHMOKRATIKHN.
POLLH 'ANAGKH, 'EFH.
'A*R'-'OUN, "WSPER "H POLI$ METEBALLE BOHQHSASH$ TW*I
"ETERWI MEREI SUMMACIA$ 'EXWQEN, "OMOIA$ "OMOIWI, "OUTW KAI "O
NEANIA$ METABALLEI0 BOHQOUNTO$ 'AU 'EIDOU$ 'EPIQUMIWN 'EXWQEN
TW*I "ETERWI TWN PAR' 'EKEINWI, SUGGENOU$ TE-KAI "OMOIOU:
PANTAPASIN MEN-'OUN.
KAI 'EA=N MEN-GE 'OIMAI 'ANTIBOHQHSHI6 TI$ TW*I 'EN "EAUTWI
'OLIGARCIKWI SUMMACIA, 'H= POQEN PARA TOU* PATRO$ 'H=-KAI TWN


<P 560A>
'ALLWN 'OIKEIWN NOUQETOUNTWN0 TE-KAI KAKIZONTWN0, STASI$ DH-KAI
'ANTISTASI$ KAI MACH 'EN 'AUTWI PRO$ "AUTON TO=TE GIGNETAI.
TI= MHN:
KAI POTE MEN 'OIMAI TO DHMOKRATIKON "UPECWRHSE TW*I
'OLIGARCIKWI, KAI TINE$ TWN 'EPIQUMIWN "AI MEN DIEFQARHSAN,
"AI DE-KAI 'EXEPESON, 'AIDOU$ TINO$ 'EGGENOMENH$ 'EN THI TOU*
NEOU YUCHI, KAI KATEKOSMHQH PALIN.
GIGNETAI GAR 'ENIOTE, 'EFH.
'AUQI$ DE 'OIMAI TWN 'EKPESOUSWN 'EPIQUMIWN 'ALLAI "UPOTREFOMENAI
<P 560B>
SUGGENEI$ DI' 'ANEPISTHMOSUNHN TROFH$ PATRO$
POLLAI TE-KAI 'ISCURAI 'EGENONTO.
FILEI0 GOUN, 'EFH, "OUTW GIGNESQAI.
'OUKOU*N "EILKUSAN TE PRO$ TA$ 'AUTA$ "OMILIA$, KAI LAQRA\
SUGGIGNOMENAI PLHQO$ 'ENETEKON.
TI= MHN:
TELEUTWSAI DH 'OIMAI KATELABON THN TOU* NEOU TH$ YUCH$
'AKROPOLIN, 'AISQOMENAI KENHN MAQHMATWN TE-KAI 'EPITHDEUMATWN
KALWN KAI LOGWN 'ALHQWN, "OI=4 DH 'ARISTOI FROUROI TE-KAI
FULAKE$ 'EN 'ANDRWN QEOFILWN 'EISI DIANOIAI$.
<P 560C>
KAI POLU G', 'EFH.
YEUDEI$ DH-KAI 'ALAZONE$ 'OIMAI LOGOI TE-KAI DOXAI 'ANT'
'EKEINWN 'ANADRAMONTE$ KATESCON TON 'AUTON TOPON TOU* TOIOUTOU.
SFO=DRA G', 'EFH.
'A*R'-'OUN 'OU PALIN TE 'EI$ 'EKEINOU$ TOU$ LWTOFAGOU$ 'ELQWN
FANERW$ KATOIKEI0, KAI 'EA=N PAR' 'OIKEIWN TI$ BOHQEIA TW*I
FEIDWLWI 'AUTOU4 TH$ YUCH$ 'AFIKNHTAI, KLHISANTE$ "OI 'ALAZONE$
LOGOI 'EKEINOI TA$ TOU* BASILIKOU TEICOU$ 'EN 'AUTWI PULA$ 'OUTE
'AUTHN THN SUMMACIAN PARIASIN, 'OUTE PRESBEI$ PRESBUTERWN
<P 560D>
LOGOU$ 'IDIWTWN 'EISDECONTAI, 'AUTOI TE KRATOUSI0 MACOMENOI,
KAI THN MEN 'AIDW 'HLIQIOTHTA 'ONOMAZONTE$ 'WQOUSIN0 'EXW
'ATIMW$ FUGADA, SWFROSUNHN DE 'ANANDRIAN KALOUNTE$0 TE-KAI
PROPHLAKIZONTE$ 'EKBALLOUSI0, METRIOTHTA DE-KAI KOSMIAN
DAPANHN "W$ 'AGROIKIAN KAI 'ANELEUQERIAN 'OUSAN PEIQONTE$
"UPERORIZOUSI0 META POLLWN KAI 'ANWFELWN 'EPIQUMIWN.
SFO=DRA GE.
TOUTWN DE-GE-POU KENWSANTE$ KAI KAQHRANTE$ THN TOU*
<P 560E>
KATECOMENOU TE "UP' 'AUTWN KAI TELOUMENOU20 YUCHN MEGALOISI
TELESI, TO META TOUTO 'HDH "UBRIN KAI 'ANARCIAN KAI 'ASWTIAN
KAI 'ANAIDEIAN LAMPRA$ META POLLOU COROU KATAGOUSIN0 'ESTEFANWMENA$,
'EGKWMIAZONTE$ KAI "UPOKORIZOMENOI, "UBRIN MEN
'EUPAIDEUSIAN KALOUNTE$0, 'ANARCIAN DE 'ELEUQERIAN, 'ASWTIAN


<P 561A>
DE MEGALOPREPEIAN, 'ANAIDEIAN DE 'ANDREIAN. 'A*R' 'OUC "OUTW
PW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, NEO$ 'WN METABALLEI0 'EK TOU* 'EN 'ANAGKAIOI$
'EPIQUMIAI$ TREFOMENOU THN TWN MH 'ANAGKAIWN KAI 'ANWFELWN
"HDONWN 'ELEUQERWSIN TE-KAI 'ANESIN:
KAI MALA G', 'H*-D'-"O$, 'ENARGW$.
ZHI0 DH 'OIMAI META TAUTA "O TOIOUTO$ 'OUDEN MALLON 'EI$
'ANAGKAIOU$ 'H= MH 'ANAGKAIOU$ "HDONA$ 'ANALISKWN KAI CRHMATA
KAI PONOU$ KAI DIATRIBA$; 'ALL' 'EA=N 'EUTUCH$ 'HI KAI MH PERA
'EKBAKCEUQHI, 'ALLA= TI KAI PRESBUTERO$ GENOMENO$ TOU* POLLOU
<P 561B>
QORUBOU PARELQONTO$ MERH TE KATADEXHTAI TWN 'EKPESONTWN3
KAI TOI$ 'EPEISELQOUSI MH "OLON "EAUTON 'ENDWI0, 'EI$ 'ISON DH TI
KATASTHSA$ TA$ "HDONA$ DIAGEI0, THI PARAPIPTOUSHI 'AEI "WSPER
LACOUSHI THN "EAUTOU 'ARCHN PARADIDOU$ "EW$ 'AN4 PLHRWQHI,
KAI 'AUQI$ 'ALLHI, 'OUDEMIAN 'ATIMAZWN 'ALL' 'EX 'ISOU TREFWN.
PANU MEN-'OUN.
KAI LOGON GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ALHQH 'OU PROSDECOMENO$ 'OUDE
PARIEI=$ 'EI$ TO FROURION, 'EA=N TI$ LEGHI5 "W$ "AI MEN 'EISI TWN
<P 561C>
KALWN TE-KAI 'AGAQWN 'EPIQUMIWN "HDONAI, "AI DE TWN PONHRWN,
KAI TA$ MEN CRH 'EPITHDEUEIN KAI TIMAN, TA$ DE KOLAZEIN
TE-KAI DOULOUSQAI; 'ALL' 'EN PASI TOUTOI$ 'ANANEUEI0 TE-KAI
"OMOIA$ FHSIN "APASA$ 'EINAI KAI TIMHTEA$ 'EX 'ISOU.
SFO=DRA GAR, 'EFH, "OUTW DIAKEIMENO$ TOUTO DRA*I0.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI DIAZHI0 TO KAQ' "HMERAN "OUTW CARIZOMENO$
THI PROSPIPTOUSHI 'EPIQUMIA\, TOTE= MEN MEQUWN KAI
KATAULOUMENO$, 'AUQI$ DE "UDROPOTWN KAI KATISCNAINOMENO$,
<P 561D>
TOTE= D' 'AU GUMNAZOMENO$, 'ESTIN D' "OTE 'ARGWN KAI PANTWN
'AMELWN, TOTE= D' "W$ 'EN FILOSOFIA\ DIATRIBWN. POLLAKI$ DE
POLITEUETAI, KAI 'ANAPHDWN "OTI2 'AN4 TUCHI6 LEGEI0 TE-KAI PRATTEI0;
'KAN2 POTE TINA$ POLEMIKOU$ ZHLWSHI6, TAUTHI FERETAI, 'H= CRHMATISTIKOU$,
'EPI TOUT' 'AU. KAI-'OUTE TI$ TAXI$ 'OUTE 'ANAGKH
'EPESTIN 'AUTOU4 TW*I BIWI, 'ALL' "HDUN TE-DH-KAI 'ELEUQERION KAI
MAKARION KALWN0 TON BION TOUTON CRHTAI0 'AUTWI DIA= PANTO$.
<P 561E>
PANTAPASIN, 'H*-D'-"O$, DIELHLUQA$ BION 'ISONOMIKOU TINO$
'ANDRO$.
'OIMAI DE-GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI PANTODAPON TE-KAI PLEISTWN
'HQWN MESTON, KAI TON KALON TE-KAI POIKILON, "WSPER 'EKEINHN
THN POLIN, TOUTON TON 'ANDRA 'EINAI; "ON POLLOI 'AN4 KAI POLLAI
ZHLWSEIAN TOU* BIOU, PARADEIGMATA POLITEIWN TE-KAI TROPWN
PLEISTA 'EN 'AUTWI 'ECONTA.
"OUTO$ GAR, 'EFH, 'ESTIN.


<P 562A>
TI= 'OUN: TETACQW "HMIN KATA DHMOKRATIAN "O TOIOUTO$ 'ANHR,
"W$ DHMOKRATIKO$ 'ORQW$ 'AN4 PROSAGOREUOMENO$:
TETACQW, 'EFH.
"H KALLISTH DH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, POLITEIA TE-KAI "O KALLISTO$
'ANHR LOIPA 'AN4 "HMIN 'EIH DIELQEIN, TURANNI$ TE-KAI TURANNO$.
KOMIDHI G', 'EFH.
FERE DH, TI=$ TROPO$ TURANNIDO$, 'W* FILE "ETAIRE, GIGNETAI:
"OTI4 MEN-GAR 'EK DHMOKRATIA$ METABALLEI0 SCEDON DHLON.
DHLON.
'A*R'-'OUN TROPON TINA TON 'AUTON 'EK TE 'OLIGARCIA$ DHMOKRATIA
<P 562B>
GIGNETAI KAI 'EK DHMOKRATIA$ TURANNI$:
PW*$:
"O= PROUQENTO, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'AGAQON, KAI DI' "O= "H 'OLIGARCIA
KAQISTATO % TOUTO D' 'H*N "UPERPLOUTO$8; 'H*-GAR:
NAI.
"H PLOUTOU TOINUN 'APLHSTIA KAI "H TWN 'ALLWN 'AMELEIA
DIA= CRHMATISMON 'AUTHN 'APWLLU.
'ALHQH, 'EFH.
'A*R'-'OUN-KAI "O= DHMOKRATIA "ORIZETAI 'AGAQON, "H TOUTOU
'APLHSTIA KAI TAUTHN KATALUEI0:
LEGEI$ D' 'AUTHN TI= "ORIZESQAI:
THN 'ELEUQERIAN, 'EIPON. TOUTO GAR-POU 'EN DHMOKRATOUMENHI
<P 562C>
POLEI 'AKOUSAI$ 'AN4 "W$ 'ECEI0 TE KALLISTON KAI DIA= TAUTA 'EN
MONHI TAUTHI 'AXION 'OIKEIN "OSTI$ FUSEI 'ELEUQERO$.
LEGETAI GAR-DH, 'EFH, KAI POLU TOUTO TO "RHMA.
'A*R'-'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OPER 'HIA NUNDH 'ERWN2, "H TOU* TOIOUTOU
'APLHSTIA KAI "H TWN 'ALLWN 'AMELEIA KAI TAUTHN THN POLITEIAN
MEQISTHSIN TE-KAI PARASKEUAZEI0 TURANNIDO$ DEHQHNAI:
PW*$: 'EFH.
"OTAN 'OIMAI DHMOKRATOUMENH POLI$ 'ELEUQERIA$ DIYHSASA
<P 562D>
KAKWN 'OINOCOWN PROSTATOUNTWN0 TUCHI6, KAI PORRWTERW TOU*
DEONTO$ 'AKRATOU 'AUTH$ MEQUSQHI, TOU$ 'ARCONTA$ DH, 'AN2 MH
PANU PRA*IOI 'WSI KAI POLLHN PARECWSI THN 'ELEUQERIAN, KOLAZEI0
'AITIWMENH "W$ MIAROU$ TE-KAI 'OLIGARCIKOU$.
DRWSIN0 GAR, 'EFH, TOUTO.
TOU$ DE-GE, 'EIPON, TWN 'ARCONTWN0 KATHKOOU$ PROPHLAKIZEI0
"W$ 'EQELODOULOU$ TE-KAI 'OUDEN 'ONTA$, TOU$ DE 'ARCONTA$ MEN
'ARCOMENOI$, 'ARCOMENOU$ DE 'ARCOUSIN4 "OMOIOU$ 'IDIA\ TE-KAI
DHMOSIA\ 'EPAINEI0 TE-KAI TIMA*I0. 'A*R' 'OUK 'ANAGKH 'EN TOIAUTHI
<P 562E>
POLEI 'EPI PAN TO TH$ 'ELEUQERIA$ 'IENAI:
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
KAI KATADUESQAI GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* FILE, 'EI$ TE TA$ 'IDIA$
'OIKIA$ KAI TELEUTAN MECRI TWN QHRIWN THN 'ANARCIAN
'EMFUOMENHN.
PW*$, 'H*-D'-"O$, TO TOIOUTON LEGOMEN:
"OION, 'EFHN, PATERA MEN 'EQIZESQAI PAIDI "OMOION GIGNESQAI
KAI FOBEISQAI TOU$ "UEI$, "UON DE PATRI, KAI-MHTE 'AISCUNESQAI
MHTE DEDIENAI TOU$ GONEA$, "INA DH 'ELEUQERO$ 'HI; METOIKON DE


<P 563A>
'ASTWI KAI 'ASTON METOIKWI 'EXISOUSQAI, KAI XENON "WSAUTW$.
GIGNETAI GAR "OUTW$, 'EFH.
TAUTA TE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI SMIKRA TOIADE 'A=LLA GIGNETAI;
DIDASKALO$ TE 'EN TW*I TOIOUTWI FOITHTA$ FOBEITAI KAI QWPEUEI0,
FOITHTAI TE DIDASKALWN 'OLIGWROUSIN0, "OUTW DE-KAI PAIDAGWGWN;
KAI "OLW$ "OI MEN NEOI PRESBUTEROI$ 'APEIKAZONTAI KAI
DIAMILLWNTAI0 KAI 'EN LOGOI$ KAI 'EN 'ERGOI$, "OI DE GERONTE$
SUGKAQIENTE$ TOI$ NEOI$ 'EUTRAPELIA$ TE-KAI CARIENTISMOU
<P 563B>
'EMPIMPLANTAI, MIMOUMENOI TOU$ NEOU$, "INA DH MH DOKWSIN
'AHDEI$ 'EINAI MHDE DESPOTIKOI.
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
TO DE-GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ESCATON, 'W* FILE, TH$ 'ELEUQERIA$
TOU* PLHQOU$, "OSON GIGNETAI 'EN THI TOIAUTHI POLEI, "OTAN DH "OI
'EWNHMENOI KAI "AI 'EWNHMENAI MHDEN "HTTON 'ELEUQEROI 'WSI TWN
PRIAMENWN. 'EN GUNAIXI DE PRO$ 'ANDRA$ KAI 'ANDRASI PRO$
GUNAIKA$ "OSH "H 'ISONOMIA KAI 'ELEUQERIA GIGNETAI, 'OLIGOU
'EPELAQOMEQ' 'EIPEIN.
<P 563C>
'OUKOU*N KAT' 'AISCULON, 'EFH, 'EROUMEN2 "OTI21 NU*N9 'HLQ'9 'EPI9
STOMA9:
PANU GE, 'EIPON; KAI 'EGWGE "OUTW LEGW0; TO MEN-GAR TWN
QHRIWN TWN "UPO TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ "OSWI 'ELEUQERW=TERA 'ESTIN
'ENTAUQA 'H= 'EN 'ALLHI, 'OUK 'AN4 TI$ PEIQOITO 'APEIRO$. 'ATECNW$
GAR "AI TE KUNE$ KATA THN PAROIMIAN "OIAIPER "AI DESPOINAI
GIGNONTAI TE-DH-KAI "IPPOI KAI 'ONOI, PANU 'ELEUQERW$ KAI
SEMNW$ 'EIQISMENOI POREUESQAI, KATA TA$ "ODOU$ 'EMBALLONTE$
TW*I 'AEI 'APANTWNTI, 'EA=N MH 'EXISTHTAI, KAI 'TALLA PANTA "OUTW
<P 563D>
MESTA 'ELEUQERIA$ GIGNETAI.
TO 'EMON G', 'EFH, 'EMOI4 LEGEI$ 'ONAR; 'AUTO$ GAR 'EI$ 'AGRON
POREUOMENO$ QAMA 'AUTO PASCW0.
TO DE-DH KEFALAION, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PANTWN TOUTWN SUNHQROISMENWN,
'ENNOEI$ "W$ "APALHN THN YUCHN TWN POLITWN POIEI0,
"WSTE 'KAN2 "OTIOUN DOULEIA$ TI$ PROSFERHTAI, 'AGANAKTEIN KAI
MH 'ANECESQAI: TELEUTWNTE$ GAR-POU 'OISQ' "OTI4 'OUDE TWN
NOMWN FRONTIZOUSIN0 GEGRAMMENWN 'H= 'AGRAFWN, "INA DH MHDAMHI
<P 563E>
MHDEI$ 'AUTOI$ 'HI DESPOTH$.
KAI MAL', 'EFH, 'OIDA.
"AU=TH MEN-TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* FILE, "H 'ARCH "OUTWSI KALH
KAI NEANIKH, "OQEN TURANNI$ FUETAI, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0.
NEANIKH DHTA, 'EFH; 'ALLA= TI= TO META TOUTO:
'TAUTON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OPER 'EN THI 'OLIGARCIA\ NOSHMA 'EGGENOMENON
'APWLESEN 'AUTHN, TOUTO KAI 'EN TAUTHI PLEON TE-KAI
'ISCUROTERON 'EK TH$ 'EXOUSIA$ 'EGGENOMENON KATADOULOUTAI
DHMOKRATIAN. KAI TW*I-'ONTI TO 'AGAN TI POIEIN MEGALHN FILEI0
'EI$ 'TOUNANTION METABOLHN 'ANTAPODIDONAI, 'EN "WRAI$ TE-KAI 'EN


<P 564A>
FUTOI$ KAI 'EN SWMASIN, KAI-DH-KAI 'EN POLITEIAI$ 'OUC "HKISTA.
'EIKO$, 'EFH.
"H GAR 'AGAN 'ELEUQERIA 'EOIKEN0 'OUK 'EI$ 'ALLO TI 'H= 'EI$ 'AGAN
DOULEIAN METABALLEIN KAI 'IDIWTHI KAI POLEI.
'EIKO$ GAR.
'EIKOTW$ TOINUN, 'EIPON, 'OUK 'EX 'ALLH$ POLITEIA$ TURANNI$
KAQISTATAI 'H= 'EK DHMOKRATIA$, 'EX 'OIMAI TH$ 'AKROTATH$
'ELEUQERIA$ DOULEIA PLEISTH TE-KAI 'AGRIWTATH.
'ECEI0 GAR, 'EFH, LOGON.
'ALL' 'OU TOUT' 'OIMAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'HRWTA$, 'ALLA= POI*ON
<P 564B>
NOSHMA 'EN 'OLIGARCIA\ TE FUOMENON 'TAUTON KAI 'EN DHMOKRATIA\
DOULOUTAI 'AUTHN.
'ALHQH, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
'EKEINO TOINUN, 'EFHN, 'ELEGON TO TWN 'ARGWN TE-KAI DAPANHRWN
'ANDRWN GENO$, TO MEN 'ANDREIOTATON "HGOUMENON 'AUTWN,
TO D' 'ANANDROTERON "EPOMENON; "OU$ DH 'AFOMOIOUMEN KHFHSI,
TOU$ MEN KENTRA 'ECOUSI4, TOU$ DE 'AKENTROI$.
KAI 'ORQW$ G', 'EFH.
TOUTW TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TARATTETON0 'EN PASHI POLITEIA\
'EGGIGNOMENW, "OION PERI= SWMA FLEGMA TE-KAI COLH; "W DH-KAI
<P 564C>
DEI TON 'AGAQON 'IATRON TE-KAI NOMOQETHN POLEW$ MH "HTTON
'H= SOFON MELITTOURGON PORRWQEN 'EULABEISQAI, MALISTA MEN
"OPW$ MH 'EGGENHSESQON, 'AN2 DE 'EGGENHSQON, "OPW$ "OTI2 TACISTA
SUN 'AUTOISI TOI$ KHRIOI$ 'EKTETMHSESQON.
NAI MA DI=A, 'H*-D'-"O$, PANTAPASI GE.
"WDE TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, LABWMEN, "IN' 'EUKRINESTERON
'IDWMEN "O= BOULOMEQA.
PW*$:
TRICHI DIASTHSWMEQA TW*I LOGWI DHMOKRATOUMENHN POLIN,
<P 564D>
"WSPER 'OUN-KAI 'ECEI0. "EN MEN-GAR-POU TO TOIOUTON GENO$ 'EN 'AUTHI
'EMFUETAI DI' 'EXOUSIAN 'OUK 'ELATTON 'H= 'EN THI 'OLIGARCOUMENHI.
'ESTIN "OUTW.
POLU DE-GE DRIMUTERON 'EN TAUTHI 'H= 'EN 'EKEINHI.
PW*$:
'EKEI MEN DIA= TO MH 'ENTIMON 'EINAI, 'ALL' 'APELAUNESQAI TWN
'ARCWN, 'AGUMNASTON KAI 'OUK 'ERRWMENON GIGNETAI; 'EN DHMOKRATIA\
DE TOUTO POU TO PROESTO$ 'AUTH$, 'EKTO$ 'OLIGWN, KAI
TO MEN DRIMUTATON 'AUTOU4 LEGEI0 TE-KAI PRATTEI0, TO D' 'ALLO
PERI= TA BHMATA PROSIZON0 BOMBEI0 TE-KAI 'OUK 'ANECETAI TOU*
<P 564E>
'A=LLA LEGONTO$, "WSTE PANTA "UPO TOU* TOIOUTOU DIOIKEITAI 'EN
THI TOIAUTHI POLITEIA\ CWRI$ TINWN 'OLIGWN.
MALA GE, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'ALLO TOINUN TOIONDE 'AEI 'APOKRINETAI 'EK TOU* PLHQOU$.
TO POI*ON:
CRHMATIZOMENWN POU PANTWN, "OI KOSMIWTATOI FUSEI "W$ TO
POLU PLOUSIWTATOI GIGNONTAI.
'EIKO$.
PLEISTON DH 'OIMAI TOI$ KHFHSI MELI KAI 'EUPORWTATON
'ENTEUQEN BLITTEI0.
PW*$ GAR 'AN4, 'EFH, PARA GE TWN SMIKRA 'ECONTWN0 TI$
BLISEIEN:
PLOUSIOI DH 'OIMAI "OI TOIOUTOI KALOUNTAI0 KHFHNWN BOTANH.
SCEDON TI, 'EFH.


<P 565A>
DHMO$ D' 'AN4 'EIH TRITON GENO$, "OSOI 'AUTOURGOI TE-KAI
'APRAGMONE$, 'OU PANU POLLA KEKTHMENOI; "O= DH PLEISTON TE-KAI
KURIWTATON 'EN DHMOKRATIA\ "OTANPER "AQROISQHI.
'ESTIN GAR, 'EFH; 'ALL' 'OU QAMA 'EQELEI0 POIEIN TOUTO, 'EA=N MH
MELITO$ TI METALAMBANHI5.
'OUKOU*N METALAMBANEI0, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'AEI, KAQ' "OSON DUNANTAI
"OI PROESTWTE$, TOU$ 'ECONTA$ THN 'OUSIAN 'AFAIROUMENOI,
DIANEMONTE$ TW*I DHMWI, TO PLEISTON 'AUTOI 'ECEIN.
<P 565B>
METALAMBANEI0 GAR-'OUN, 'H*-D'-"O$, "OUTW$.
'ANAGKAZONTAI DH 'OIMAI 'AMUNESQAI, LEGONTE$ TE 'EN TW*I DHMWI
KAI PRATTONTE$ "OPHI DUNANTAI, "OUTOI "WN 'AFAIROUNTAI.
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
'AITIAN DH 'ESCON "UPO TWN "ETERWN, 'KAN2 MH 'EPIQUMWSI
NEWTERIZEIN, "W$ 'EPIBOULEUOUSI0 TW*I DHMWI KAI 'EISIN
'OLIGARCIKOI.
TI= MHN:
'OUKOU*N-KAI TELEUTWNTE$, 'EPEIDAN "ORWSI3 TON DHMON, 'OUC
"EKONTA 'ALL' 'AGNOHSANTA TE-KAI 'EXAPATHQENTA "UPO TWN
<P 565C>
DIABALLONTWN0, 'EPICEIROUNTA SFA$ 'ADIKEIN, TO=T' 'HDH, 'EI=TE
BOULONTAI 'EI=TE MH, "W$ 'ALHQW$ 'OLIGARCIKOI GIGNONTAI, 'OUC
"EKONTE$, 'ALLA=-KAI TOUTO TO KAKON 'EKEINO$ "O KHFHN 'ENTIKTEI0
KENTWN 'AUTOU$.
KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN.
'EISAGGELIAI DH-KAI KRISEI$ KAI 'AGWNE$ PERI= 'ALLHLWN
GIGNONTAI.
KAI MALA.
'OUKOU*N "ENA TINA 'AEI DHMO$ 'EIWQEN0 DIAFERONTW$ PROISTASQAI
"EAUTOU, KAI TOUTON TREFEIN TE-KAI 'AUXEIN MEGAN:
'EIWQE0 GAR.
<P 565D>
TOUTO MEN-'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DHLON, "OTI4, "OTANPER FUHTAI
TURANNO$, 'EK PROSTATIKH$ "RIZH$ KAI 'OUK 'ALLOQEN 'EKBLASTANEI0.
KAI MALA DHLON.
TI=$ 'ARCH 'OUN METABOLH$ 'EK PROSTATOU 'EPI TURANNON: 'H=
DHLON "OTI4 'EPEIDAN 'TAUTON 'ARXHTAI DRAN "O PROSTATH$ TW*I 'EN
TW*I MUQWI "O$4 PERI= TO 'EN 'ARKADIA\ TO TOU* DIO$ TOU* LUKAIOU
"IERON LEGETAI:
TI=$: 'EFH.
"W$ 'A=RA "O GEUSAMENO$ TOU* 'ANQRWPINOU SPLAGCNOU, 'EN
'ALLOI$ 'ALLWN "IEREIWN "ENO$ 'EGKATATETMHMENOU, 'ANAGKH DH
<P 565E>
TOUTWI LUKWI GENESQAI. 'H= 'OUK 'AKHKOA$ TON LOGON:
'EGWGE.
'A*R'-'OUN "OUTW KAI "O$4 'AN4 DHMOU PROESTW$, LABWN SFO=DRA
PEIQOMENON 'OCLON, MH 'APOSCHTAI 'EMFULIOU "AIMATO$, 'ALL'
'ADIKW$ 'EPAITIWMENO$, "OI*A DH FILOUSIN0, 'EI$ DIKASTHRIA 'AGWN
MIAIFONHI5, BION 'ANDRO$ 'AFANIZWN, GLWTTHI TE-KAI STOMATI
'ANOSIWI GEUOMENO$ FONOU SUGGENOU$, KAI 'ANDRHLATHI5 KAI


<P 566A>
'APOKTEINUHI5 KAI "UPOSHMAINHI5 CREWN TE 'APOKOPA$ KAI GH$
'ANADASMON, 'A*RA TW*I TOIOUTWI 'ANAGKH DH TO META TOUTO
KAI "EIMARTAI 'H= 'APOLWLENAI "UPO TWN 'ECQRWN 'H= TURANNEIN KAI
LUKWI 'EX 'ANQRWPOU GENESQAI:
POLLH 'ANAGKH, 'EFH.
"OUTO$ DH, 'EFHN, "O STASIAZWN GIGNETAI PRO$ TOU$ 'ECONTA$
TA$ 'OUSIA$.
"OUTO$.
'A*R'-'OUN 'EKPESWN MEN-KAI KATELQWN BIA\ TWN 'ECQRWN
TURANNO$ 'APEIRGASMENO$ KATERCETAI:
DHLON.
<P 566B>
'EA=N DE 'ADUNATOI 'EKBALLEIN 'AUTON 'WSIN 'H= 'APOKTEINAI0
DIABALLONTE$ THI POLEI, BIAIWI DH QANATWI 'EPIBOULEUOUSIN0
'APOKTEINUNAI LAQRA\.
FILEI0 GOUN, 'H*-D'-"O$, "OUTW GIGNESQAI.
TO DH TURANNIKON 'AITHMA TO POLUQRULHTON 'EPI TOUTWI
PANTE$ "OI 'EI$ TOUTO PROBEBHKOTE$ 'EXEURISKOUSIN0, 'AITEIN TON
DHMON FULAKA$ TINA$ TOU* SWMATO$, "INA SW$ 'AUTOI$ 'HI "O TOU*
DHMOU BOHQO$.
KAI MAL', 'EFH.
DIDOASI DH 'OIMAI DEISANTE$ MEN "UPER 'EKEINOU, QARRHSANTE$
DE "UPER "EAUTWN.
<P 566C>
KAI MALA.
'OUKOU*N TOUTO "OTAN 'IDHI6 'ANHR CRHMATA 'ECWN KAI META TWN
CRHMATWN 'AITIAN MISODHMO$ 'EINAI, TO=TE DH "OUTO$, 'W* "ETAIRE,
KATA TON KROISWI GENOMENON CRHSMON %
POLUYHFIDA9 PAR'9 "ERMON9
FEUGEI10, 'OUDE1 MENEI10, 'OUD'1 'AIDEITAI1 KAKO$9 'EINAI9.
'OU-GAR 'AN4, 'EFH, DEUTERON 'AUQI$ 'AIDESQEIH.
"O DE-GE 'OIMAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KATALHFQEI$ QANATWI DIDOTAI.
'ANAGKH.
"O DE-DH PROSTATH$ 'EKEINO$ 'AUTO$ DHLON DH "OTI4 MEGA$9
<P 566D>
MEGALWSTI9 'OU KEITAI1, 'ALLA= KATABALWN2 'ALLOU$ POLLOU$
"ESTHKEN0 'EN TW*I DIFRWI TH$ POLEW$, TURANNO$ 'ANTI PROSTATOU
'APOTETELESMENO$.
TI= D' 'OU MELLEI0: 'EFH.
DIELQWMEN DH THN 'EUDAIMONIAN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TOU* TE 'ANDRO$
KAI TH$ POLEW$, 'EN "HI 'AN4 "O TOIOUTO$ BROTO$ 'EGGENHTAI:
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH, DIELQWMEN.
'A*R'-'OUN, 'EIPON, 'OU TAI$ MEN PRWTAI$ "HMERAI$ TE-KAI CRONWI
PROSGELA*I0 TE-KAI 'ASPAZETAI PANTA$, "WI 'AN4 PERITUGCANHI5, KAI
<P 566E>
'OUTE TURANNO$ FHSIN 'EINAI "UPISCNEITAI TE POLLA KAI 'IDIA\
KAI DHMOSIA\, CREWN TE 'HLEUQERWSE KAI GHN DIENEIME DHMWI TE-KAI
TOI$ PERI= "EAUTON KAI PASIN "ILEW$ TE-KAI PRA*IO$ 'EINAI
PROSPOIEITAI:
'ANAGKH, 'EFH.
"OTAN DE-GE 'OIMAI PRO$ TOU$ 'EXW 'ECQROU$ TOI$ MEN KATALLAGHI,
TOU$ DE-KAI DIAFQEIRHI65, KAI "HSUCIA 'EKEINWN GENHTAI,
PRWTON MEN POLEMOU$ TINA$ 'AEI KINEI0, "IN' 'EN CREIA\ "HGEMONO$
"O DHMO$ 'HI.
'EIKO$ GE.


<P 567A>
'OUKOU*N-KAI "INA CRHMATA 'EISFERONTE$ PENHTE$ GIGNOMENOI
PRO$ TW*I KAQ' "HMERAN 'ANAGKAZWNTAI 'EINAI KAI "HTTON 'AUTWI
'EPIBOULEUWSI:
DHLON.
KAI 'AN2 GE TINA$ 'OIMAI "UPOPTEUHI5 'ELEU=QERA FRONHMATA
'ECONTA$ MH 'EPITREYEIN 'AUTWI 'ARCEIN, "OPW$ 'AN4 TOUTOU$ META
PROFASEW$ 'APOLLUHI5 'ENDOU$ TOI$ POLEMIOI$: TOUTWN PANTWN
"ENEKA TURANNWI 'AEI 'ANAGKH POLEMON TARATTEIN:
'ANAGKH.
TAUTA DH POIOUNTA "ETOIMON MALLON 'APECQANESQAI TOI$
<P 567B>
POLITAI$:
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
'OUKOU*N-KAI TINA$ TWN SUGKATASTHSANTWN0 KAI 'EN DUNAMEI
'ONTWN0 PARRHSIAZESQAI KAI PRO$ 'AUTON KAI PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$,
'EPIPLHTTONTA$ TOI$ GIGNOMENOI$, "OI=4 'AN4 TUGCANWSIN 'ANDRIKWTATOI
'ONTE$:
'EIKO$ GE.
"UPEXAIREIN DH TOUTOU$ PANTA$ DEI TON TURANNON, 'EI MELLEI0
'ARXEIN, "EW$ 'AN4 MHTE FILWN MHT' 'ECQRWN LIPHI6 MHDENA
"OTOU TI 'OFELO$.
DHLON.
'OXEW$ 'A=RA DEI "ORAN 'AUTON TI=$ 'ANDREIO$, TI=$ MEGALOFRWN,
<P 567C>
TI=$ FRONIMO$, TI=$ PLOUSIO$; KAI "OUTW$ 'EUDAIMWN 'ESTIN, "WSTE
TOUTOI$ "APASIN 'ANAGKH 'AUTWI, 'EI=TE BOULETAI 'EI=TE MH, POLEMIWI
'EINAI KAI 'EPIBOULEUEIN, "EW$ 'AN4 KAQHRHI6 THN POLIN.
KALON GE, 'EFH, KAQARMON.
NAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TON 'ENANTION 'H= "OI 'IATROI TA SWMATA; "OI
MEN-GAR TO CEIRISTON 'AFAIROUNTE$ LEIPOUSI0 TO BELTISTON, "O
DE 'TOUNANTION.
"W$ 'EOIKE0 GAR, 'AUTWI, 'EFH, 'ANAGKH, 'EIPER 'ARXEI2.
<P 567D>
'EN MAKARIA\ 'A=RA, 'EIPON 'EGW, 'ANAGKHI DEDETAI, "H=4 PROSTATTEI0
'AUTWI 'H= META FAULWN TWN POLLWN 'OIKEIN, KAI "UPO TOUTWN
MISOUMENON, 'H= MH ZHN.
'EN TOIAUTHI, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'A*R'-'OUN 'OUCI "OSWI 'AN4 MALLON TOI$ POLITAI$ 'APECQANHTAI
TAUTA DRWN, TOSOUTWI PLEIONWN KAI PISTOTERWN DORUFORWN
DEHSETAI:
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
TI=NE$ 'OUN "OI PISTOI: KAI PO=QEN 'AUTOU$ METAPEMYETAI:
'AUTOMATOI, 'EFH, POLLOI "HXOUSI2 PETOMENOI, 'EA=N TON MISQON
DIDWI0.
KHFHNA$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, NH TON KUNA, DOKEI$ 'AU TINA$ MOI
<P 567E>
LEGEIN XENIKOU$ TE-KAI PANTODAPOU$.
'ALHQH GAR, 'EFH, DOKW0 SOI4.
TI=$ DE 'AUTOQEN: 'A*R' 'OUK 'AN4 'EQELHSEIEN %
PW*$:
TOU$ DOULOU$ 'AFELOMENO$ TOU$ POLITA$, 'ELEUQERWSA$,
TWN PERI= "EAUTON DORUFORWN POIHSASQAI.
SFO=DRA G', 'EFH; 'EPEI TOI-KAI PISTOTATOI 'AUTWI "OUTOI 'EISIN.
'H* MAKARION, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, LEGEI$ TURANNOU CRHMA, 'EI TOIOUTOI$


<P 568A>
FILOI$ TE-KAI PISTOI$ 'ANDRASI CRHTAI0, TOU$ PROTEROU$
'EKEINOU$ 'APOLESA$.
'ALLA=-MHN, 'EFH, TOIOUTOI$ GE CRHTAI0.
KAI QAUMAZOUSI0 DH, 'EIPON, "OUTOI "OI "ETAIROI 'AUTON KAI
SUNEISIN "OI NEOI POLITAI, "OI D' 'EPIEIKEI$ MISOUSI0 TE-KAI
FEUGOUSI0:
TI= D' 'OU MELLOUSIN0:
'OUK 'ETO$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "H TE TRAGWIDIA "OLW$ SOFON DOKEI0
'EINAI KAI "O 'EURIPIDH$ DIAFERWN 'EN 'AUTHI.
TI= DH:
"OTI4 KAI TOUTO PUKNH$ DIANOIA$ 'ECOMENON 'EFQEGXATO, "W$
<P 568B>
'A=RA SOFOI9 TURANNOI9 'EISI TWN9 SOFWN9 SUNOUSIA\9. KAI
'ELEGE DHLON "OTI4 TOUTOU$ 'EINAI TOU$ SOFOU$ "OI$ SUNESTIN.
KAI "W$ 'ISOQEON G', 'EFH, THN TURANNIDA 'EGKWMIAZEI0, KAI
"E=TERA POLLA, KAI "OUTO$ KAI "OI 'ALLOI POIHTAI.
TOIGARTOI, 'EFHN, "ATE SOFOI 'ONTE$ "OI TH$ TRAGWIDIA$ POIHTAI
SUGGIGNWSKOUSIN0 "HMIN TE-KAI 'EKEINOI$ "OSOI "HMWN 'EGGU$
POLITEUONTAI, "OTI4 'AUTOU$ 'EI$ THN POLITEIAN 'OU PARADEXOMEQA
"ATE TURANNIDO$ "UMNHTA$.
'OIMAI 'EGWG', 'EFH, SUGGIGNWSKOUSIN0 "OSOIPER GE 'AUTWN
<P 568C>
KOMYOI.
'EI$ DE-GE 'OIMAI TA$ 'ALLA$ PERIIONTE$ POLEI$, SULLEGONTE$
TOU$ 'OCLOU$, KALA$ FWNA$ KAI MEGALA$ KAI PIQANA$ MISQWSAMENOI,
'EI$ TURANNIDA$ TE-KAI DHMOKRATIA$ "ELKOUSI0 TA$
POLITEIA$.
MALA GE.
'OUKOU*N-KAI PROSETI TOUTWN MISQOU$ LAMBANOUSI0 KAI
TIMWNTAI0, MALISTA MEN, "WSPER TO 'EIKO$, "UPO TURANNWN, DEUTERON
DE "UPO DHMOKRATIA$; "OSWI D' 'AN4 'ANWTERW 'IWSIN PRO$
<P 568D>
TO 'ANANTE$ TWN POLITEIWN, MALLON 'APAGOREUEI0 'AUTWN "H TIMH,
"WSPER "UPO 'ASQMATO$ 'ADUNATOUSA POREUESQAI.
PANU MEN-'OUN.
'ALLA=-DH, 'EIPON, 'ENTAUQA MEN 'EXEBHMEN; LEGWMEN DE
PALIN 'EKEINO TO TOU* TURANNOU STRATOPEDON, TO KALON TE-KAI
POLU KAI POIKILON KAI 'OUDEPOTE 'TAUTON, PO=QEN QREYETAI.
DHLON, 'EFH, "OTI4, 'EA=N TE "IERA CRHMATA 'HI 'EN THI POLEI,
TAUTA 'ANALWSEI2, "OPOI POTE 'AN4 'AEI 'EXARKHI5 TA TWN 'APODOMENWN,
'ELATTOU$ 'EISFORA$ 'ANAGKAZWN TON DHMON 'EISFEREIN.
<P 568E>
TI= D' "OTAN DH TAUTA 'EPILIPHI6:
DHLON, 'EFH, "OTI4 'EK TWN PATRWIWN QREYETAI 'AUTO$ TE-KAI
"OI SUMPOTAI TE-KAI "ETAIROI KAI "ETAIRAI.
MANQANW0, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; "OTI4 "O DHMO$ "O GENNHSA$ TON
TURANNON QREYEI2 'AUTON TE-KAI "ETAIROU$.
POLLH 'AUTWI, 'EFH, 'ANAGKH.
PW*$ DE8 LEGEI$: 'EIPON; 'EA=N DE 'AGANAKTHI5 TE-KAI LEGHI5 "O
DHMO$ "OTI4 'OUTE DIKAION TREFESQAI "UPO PATRO$ "UON "HBWNTA,
'ALLA= 'TOUNANTION "UPO "UEO$ PATERA, 'OUTE TOUTOU 'AUTON "ENEKA


<P 569A>
'EGENNHSEN TE-KAI KATESTHSEN, "INA, 'EPEIDH MEGA$ GENOITO, TO=TE
'AUTO$ DOULEUWN TOI$ "AUTOU DOULOI$ TREFOI 'EKEINON TE-KAI
TOU$ DOULOU$ META SUGKLUDWN 'ALLWN, 'ALL' "INA 'APO TWN
PLOUSIWN TE-KAI KALWN 'KAGAQWN LEGOMENWN 'EN THI POLEI
'ELEUQERWQEIH 'EKEINOU PROSTANTO$, KAI NU*N KELEUEI0 'APIENAI
'EK TH$ POLEW$ 'AUTON TE-KAI TOU$ "ETAIROU$, "WSPER PATHR "UON
'EX 'OIKIA$ META 'OCLHRWN SUMPOTWN 'EXELAUNWN:
GNWSETAI GE, NH DI=A, 'H*-D'-"O$, TO=T' 'HDH "O DHMO$ "OIO$ "OION
<P 569B>
QREMMA GENNWN 'HSPAZETO TE-KAI 'HUXEN, KAI "OTI4 'ASQENESTERO$
'WN 'ISCUROTEROU$ 'EXELAUNEI0.
PW*$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, LEGEI$: TOLMHSEI2 TON PATERA BIAZESQAI,
'KAN2 MH PEIQHTAI, TUPTEIN "O TURANNO$:
NAI, 'EFH, 'AFELOMENO$ GE TA "OPLA.
PATRALOIAN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, LEGEI$ TURANNON KAI CALEPON
GHROTROFON, KAI "W$ 'EOIKE0 TOUTO DH "OMOLOGOUMENH 'AN4 'HDH
TURANNI$ 'EIH, KAI, TO LEGOMENON, "O DHMO$ FEUGWN 'AN4 KAPNON
<P 569C>
DOULEIA$ 'ELEUQERWN 'EI$ PUR DOULWN DESPOTEIA$ 'AN4 'EMPEPTWKW$-'EIH,
'ANTI TH$ POLLH$ 'EKEINH$ KAI 'AKAIROU 'ELEUQERIA$
THN CALEPWTATHN TE-KAI PIKROTATHN DOULWN DOULEIAN
METAMPISCOMENO$.
KAI MALA, 'EFH, TAUTA "OUTW GIGNETAI.
TI= 'OUN: 'EIPON; 'OUK 'EMMELW$ "HMIN 'EIRHSETAI, 'EA=N FWMEN
"IKANW$ DIELHLUQENAI "W$ METABAINEI0 TURANNI$ 'EK DHMOKRATIA$,
GENOMENH TE "OI=A 'ESTIN:
PANU MEN-'OUN "IKANW$, 'EFH.


<B REP9>


<P 571A>
'AUTO$ DH LOIPO$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "O TURANNIKO$ 'ANHR SKEYASQAI,
PW*$ TE MEQISTATAI 'EK DHMOKRATIKOU, GENOMENO$ TE POI*O$
TI$ 'ESTIN KAI TI=NA TROPON ZHI0, 'AQLION 'H= MAKARION.
LOIPO$ GAR-'OUN 'ETI "OUTO$, 'EFH.
'OISQ' 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "O= POQW0 'ETI:
TO POI*ON:
TO TWN 'EPIQUMIWN, "OIAI TE-KAI "OSAI 'EISIN, 'OU MOI DOKOUMEN
"IKANW$ DIHIRHSQAI. TOUTOU DH 'ENDEW$ 'ECONTO$, 'ASAFESTE=RA
<P 571B>
'ESTAI "H ZHTHSI$ "OU2 ZHTOUMEN.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'ET' 'EN KALWI:
PANU MEN-'OUN; KAI SKOPEI5 GE "O= 'EN 'AUTAI$ BOULOMAI 'IDEIN.
'ESTIN DE TODE. TWN MH 'ANAGKAIWN "HDONWN TE-KAI 'EPIQUMIWN
DOKOUSI0 TINE$ MOI 'EINAI PARANOMOI, "AI=4 KINDUNEUOUSI0 MEN 'EGGIGNESQAI
PANTI, KOLAZOMENAI DE "UPO TE TWN NOMWN KAI TWN
BELTIONWN 'EPIQUMIWN META LOGOU 'ENIWN MEN 'ANQRWPWN 'H=
PANTAPASIN 'APALLATTESQAI 'H= 'OLIGAI LEIPESQAI KAI 'ASQENEI$,
<P 571C>
TWN DE 'ISCUROTERAI KAI PLEIOU$.
LEGEI$ DE-KAI TI=NA$, 'EFH, TAUTA$:
TA$ PERI= TON "UPNON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EGEIROMENA$, "OTAN TO MEN
'ALLO TH$ YUCH$ "EUDHI5, "OSON LOGISTIKON KAI "HMERON KAI 'ARCON
'EKEINOU, TO DE QHRIWDE$ TE-KAI 'AGRION, 'H= SITWN 'H= MEQH$
PLHSQEN, SKIRTA*I2 TE-KAI 'APWSAMENON TON "UPNON ZHTHI5 'IENAI
KAI 'APOPIMPLANAI TA "AUTOU 'HQH; 'OISQ' "OTI4 PANTA 'EN TW*I
TOIOUTWI TOLMA*I0 POIEIN, "W$ 'APO PASH$ LELUMENON TE-KAI
'APHLLAGMENON 'AISCUNH$ KAI FRONHSEW$. MHTRI TE-GAR 'EPICEIREIN
<P 571D>
MEIGNUSQAI, "W$ 'OIETAI, 'OUDEN 'OKNEI0, 'ALLWI TE "OTWIOUN
'ANQRWPWN KAI QEWN KAI QHRIWN, MIAIFONEIN TE "OTIOUN, BRWMATO$
TE 'APECESQAI MHDENO$; KAI "ENI LOGWI 'OUTE 'ANOIA$
'OUDEN 'ELLEIPEI0 'OUT' 'ANAISCUNTIA$.
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
"OTAN DE-GE 'OIMAI "UGIEINW$ TI$ 'ECHI5 'AUTO$ "AUTOU KAI
SWFRONW$, KAI 'EI$ TON "UPNON 'IHI5 TO LOGISTIKON MEN 'EGEIRA$
"EAUTOU KAI "ESTIASA$ LOGWN KALWN KAI SKEYEWN, 'EI$ SUNNOIAN
<P 571E>
'AUTO$ "AUTWI 'AFIKOMENO$, TO 'EPIQUMHTIKON DE-MHTE 'ENDEIA\ DOU$
MHTE PLHSMONHI, "OPW$ 'AN4 KOIMHQHI KAI MH PARECHI5 QORUBON


<P 572A>
TW*I BELTISTWI CAIRON 'H= LUPOUMENON, 'ALL' 'EA*I2 'AUTO KAQ' "AUTO
MONON KAQARON SKOPEIN KAI 'OREGESQAI TOU 'AISQANESQAI "O= MH
'OIDEN, 'H= TI TWN GEGONOTWN 'H= 'ONTWN0 'H=-KAI MELLONTWN0, "WSAUTW$
DE-KAI TO QUMOEIDE$ PRAUNA$ KAI MH TISIN 'EI$ 'ORGA$
'ELQWN KEKINHMENWI TW*I QUMWI KAQEUDHI5, 'ALL' "HSUCASA$ MEN TW
DUO 'EIDH, TO TRITON DE KINHSA$ 'EN "WI TO FRONEIN 'EGGIGNETAI,
"OUTW$ 'ANAPAUHTAI, 'OISQ' "OTI4 TH$ T' 'ALHQEIA$ 'EN TW*I TOIOUTWI
MALISTA "APTETAI KAI "HKISTA PARANOMOI TO=TE "AI 'OYEI$
<P 572B>
FANTAZONTAI TWN 'ENUPNIWN.
PANTELW$ MEN-'OUN, 'EFH, 'OIMAI "OUTW$.
TAUTA MEN-TOINUN 'EPI PLEON 'EXHCQHMEN 'EIPEIN; "O= DE
BOULOMEQA GNWNAI0 TOD' 'ESTIN, "W$ 'A=RA DEINON TI KAI 'AGRION
KAI 'ANOMON 'EPIQUMIWN 'EIDO$ "EKASTWI 'ENESTI, KAI PANU DOKOUSIN4
"HMWN 'ENIOI$ METRIOI$ 'EINAI; TOUTO DE-'A=RA 'EN TOI$ "UPNOI$
GIGNETAI 'ENDHLON. 'EI 'OUN TI DOKW0 LEGEIN KAI SUGCWREI$,
'AQREI5.
'ALLA= SUGCWRW0.
TON TOINUN DHMOTIKON 'ANAMNHSQHTI "OION 'EFAMEN 'EINAI.
<P 572C>
'H*N DE-POU GEGONW$ 'EK NEOU "UPO FEIDWLWI PATRI TEQRAMMENO$,
TA$ CRHMATISTIKA$ 'EPIQUMIA$ TIMWNTI MONA$, TA$ DE MH
'ANAGKAIOU$ 'ALLA= PAIDIA$ TE-KAI KALLWPISMOU "ENEKA GIGNOMENA$
'ATIMAZONTI. 'H*-GAR:
NAI.
SUGGENOMENO$ DE KOMYOTEROI$ 'ANDRASI KAI MESTOI$ "WN
'ARTI DIHLQOMEN 'EPIQUMIWN, "ORMHSA$ 'EI$ "UBRIN TE PASAN KAI
TO 'EKEINWN 'EIDO$ MISEI TH$ TOU* PATRO$ FEIDWLIA$, FUSIN DE
TWN DIAFQEIRONTWN0 BELTIW 'ECWN, 'AGOMENO$ 'AMFOTERWSE
<P 572D>
KATESTH 'EI$ MESON 'AMFOIN TOIN TROPOIN, KAI METRIW$ DH, "W$
'WIETO, "EKASTWN 'APOLAUWN 'OUTE 'ANELEUQERON 'OUTE PARANOMON
BION ZHI0, DHMOTIKO$ 'EX 'OLIGARCIKOU GEGONW$.
'H*N GAR, 'EFH, KAI 'ESTIN "AU=TH "H DOXA PERI= TON TOIOUTON.
QE$ TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PALIN TOU* TOIOUTOU 'HDH PRESBUTEROU
GEGONOTO$ NEON "UON 'EN TOI$ TOUTOU 'AU 'HQESIN TEQRAMMENON.
TIQHMI.
TIQEI5 TOINUN-KAI TA 'AUTA 'EKEINA PERI= 'AUTON GIGNOMENA
"APER KAI PERI= TON PATERA 'AUTOU4, 'AGOMENON TE 'EI$ PASAN
<P 572E>
PARANOMIAN, 'ONOMAZOMENHN D' "UPO TWN 'AGONTWN0 'ELEUQERIAN
"APASAN, BOHQOUNTA TE TAI$ 'EN MESWI TAUTAI$ 'EPIQUMIAI$
PATERA TE-KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ 'OIKEIOU$, TOU$ D' 'AU PARABOHQOUNTA$;
"OTAN D' 'ELPISWSIN "OI DEINOI MAGOI TE-KAI TURANNOPOIOI
"OUTOI MH 'ALLW$ TON NEON KAQEXEIN, 'ERWTA TINA 'AUTWI
MHCANWMENOU$ 'EMPOIHSAI0 PROSTATHN TWN 'ARGWN KAI TA


<P 573A>
"ETOIMA DIANEMOMENWN 'EPIQUMIWN, "UPOPTERON KAI MEGAN KHFHNA
TINA % 'H= TI= 'ALLO 'OIEI 'EINAI TON TWN TOIOUTWN 'ERWTA:
'OUDEN 'EGWGE, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'A=LL'2 'H= TOUTO.
'OUKOU*N "OTAN DH PERI= 'AUTON BOMBOUSAI "AI 'ALLAI 'EPIQUMIAI,
QUMIAMATWN TE GEMOUSAI KAI MURWN KAI STEFANWN KAI 'OINWN
KAI TWN 'EN TAI$ TOIAUTAI$ SUNOUSIAI$ "HDONWN 'ANEIMENWN, 'EPI
TO 'ESCATON 'AUXOUSAI TE-KAI TREFOUSAI POQOU KENTRON 'EMPOIHSWSI
TW*I KHFHNI, TO=TE DH DORUFOREITAI TE "UPO MANIA$ KAI
<P 573B>
'OISTRA*I0 "OUTO$ "O PROSTATH$ TH$ YUCH$, KAI 'EA=N TINA$ 'EN 'AUTWI
DOXA$ 'H= 'EPIQUMIA$ LABHI6 POIOUMENA$ CRHSTA$ KAI 'ETI 'EPAISCUNOMENA$,
'APOKTEINEI0 TE-KAI 'EXW 'WQEI0 PAR' "AUTOU, "EW$ 'AN4
KAQHRHI6 SWFROSUNH$, MANIA$ DE PLHRWSHI6 'EPAKTOU.
PANTELW$, 'EFH, TURANNIKOU 'ANDRO$ LEGEI$ GENESIN.
'A*R'-'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI TO PALAI DIA= TO TOIOUTON TURANNO$
"O 'ERW$ LEGETAI:
KINDUNEUEI0, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N, 'W* FILE, 'EIPON, KAI MEQUSQEI$ 'ANHR TURANNIKON TI
<P 573C>
FRONHMA 'ISCEI0:
'ISCEI0 GAR.
KAI-MHN "O GE MAINOMENO$ KAI "UPOKEKINHKW$ 'OU MONON
'ANQRWPWN 'ALLA=-KAI QEWN 'EPICEIREI0 TE-KAI 'ELPIZEI0 DUNATO$
'EINAI 'ARCEIN.
KAI MAL', 'EFH.
TURANNIKO$ DE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* DAIMONIE, 'ANHR 'AKRIBW$
GIGNETAI, "OTAN 'H= FUSEI 'H= 'EPITHDEUMASIN 'H= 'AMFOTEROI$
MEQUSTIKO$ TE-KAI 'ERWTIKO$ KAI MELAGCOLIKO$ GENHTAI.
PANTELW$ MEN-'OUN.
GIGNETAI MEN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "OUTW KAI TOIOUTO$ "ANHR; ZHI0 DE-DH
PW*$:
<P 573D>
TO TWN PAIZONTWN0, 'EFH, TOUTO SU KAI 'EMOI4 'EREI$2.
LEGW0 DH, 'EFHN. 'OIMAI GAR TO META TOUTO "EORTAI GIGNONTAI
PAR' 'AUTOI$ KAI KWMOI KAI QALEIAI KAI "ETAIRAI KAI
TA TOIAUTA PANTA, "WN 'AN4 'ERW$ TURANNO$ 'ENDON 'OIKWN DIAKUBERNA*I2
TA TH$ YUCH$ "APANTA.
'ANAGKH, 'EFH.
'A*R'-'OUN 'OU POLLAI KAI DEINAI PARABLASTANOUSIN0 'EPIQUMIAI
"HMERA$ TE-KAI NUKTO$ "EKASTH$, POLLWN DEOMENAI:
POLLAI MENTOI.
TACU 'A=RA 'ANALISKONTAI 'EA=N TINE$ 'WSI PROSODOI.
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
<P 573E>
KAI META TOUTO DH DANEISMOI KAI TH$ 'OUSIA$ PARAIRESEI$.
TI= MHN:
"OTAN DE-DH PANT' 'EPILEIPHI5, 'A*RA 'OUK 'ANAGKH MEN TA$
'EPIQUMIA$ BOAN PUKNA$ TE-KAI SFODRA$ 'ENNENEOTTEUMENA$,
TOU$ D' "WSPER "UPO KENTRWN 'ELAUNOMENOU$ TWN TE 'ALLWN
'EPIQUMIWN KAI DIAFERONTW$ "UP' 'AUTOU4 TOU* 'ERWTO$, PASAI$
TAI$ 'ALLAI$ "WSPER DORUFOROI$ "HGOUMENOU, 'OISTRAN KAI
SKOPEIN TI=$ TI 'ECEI0, "ON DUNATON 'AFELESQAI 'APATHSANTA 'H=


<P 574A>
BIASAMENON:
SFO=DRA G', 'EFH.
'ANAGKAION DH PANTACOQEN FEREIN, 'H= MEGALAI$ 'WDISI TE-KAI
'ODUNAI$ SUNECESQAI.
'ANAGKAION.
'A*R'-'OUN, "WSPER "AI 'EN 'AUTWI "HDONAI 'EPIGIGNOMENAI TWN
'ARCAIWN PLEON 'EICON KAI TA 'EKEINWN 'AFHIROUNTO, "OUTW KAI
'AUTO$ 'AXIWSEI2 NEWTERO$ 'WN PATRO$ TE-KAI MHTRO$ PLEON
'ECEIN, KAI 'AFAIREISQAI, 'EA=N TO "AUTOU MERO$ 'ANALWSHI6,
'APONEIMAMENO$ TWN PATRWIWN:
'ALLA= TI= MHN: 'EFH.
<P 574B>
'AN2 DE-DH 'AUTWI MH 'EPITREPWSIN, 'A*R' 'OU TO MEN PRWTON
'EPICEIROI 'AN4 KLEPTEIN KAI 'APATAN TOU$ GONEA$:
PANTW$.
"OPOTE DE MH DUNAITO, "ARPAZOI 'AN4 KAI BIAZOITO META
TOUTO:
'OIMAI, 'EFH.
'ANTECOMENWN DH-KAI MACOMENWN, 'W* QAUMASIE, GERONTO$
TE-KAI GRAO$, 'A*R' 'EULABHQEIH 'AN4 KAI FEISAITO MH TI DRASAI0
TWN TURANNIKWN:
'OU PANU, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'EGWGE QARRW0 PERI= TWN GONEWN TOU*
TOIOUTOU.
'ALL', 'W* 'ADEIMANTE, PRO$ DIO$, "ENEKA NEWSTI FILH$ KAI
'OUK 'ANAGKAIA$ "ETAIRA$ GEGONUIA$ THN PALAI FILHN KAI 'ANAGKAIAN
<P 574C>
MHTERA, 'H= "ENEKA "WRAIOU NEWSTI FILOU GEGONOTO$ 'OUK
'ANAGKAIOU TON 'AWRON TE-KAI 'ANAGKAION PRESBUTHN PATERA
KAI TWN FILWN 'ARCAIOTATON DOKEI0 'AN4 SOI4 "O TOIOUTO$ PLHGAI$
TE DOUNAI0 KAI KATADOULWSASQAI 'AN4 'AUTOU$ "UP' 'EKEINOI$, 'EI
'EI$ THN 'AUTHN 'OIKIAN 'AGAGOITO:
NAI MA DI=A, 'H*-D'-"O$.
SFO=DRA GE MAKARION, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EOIKEN0 'EINAI TO TURANNIKON
"UON TEKEIN.
PANU G', 'EFH.
<P 574D>
TI= D', "OTAN DH TA PATRO$ KAI MHTRO$ 'EPILEIPHI5 TON TOIOUTON,
POLU DE 'HDH SUNEILEGMENON 'EN 'AUTWI 'HI TO TWN "HDONWN
SMHNO$, 'OU PRWTON MEN 'OIKIA$ TINO$ 'EFAYETAI TOICOU 'H= TINO$
'OYE NUKTWR 'IONTO$ TOU* "IMATIOU, META DE TAUTA "IERON TI
NEWKORHSEI2: KAI 'EN TOUTOI$ DH PASIN, "A$ PALAI 'EICEN DOXA$
'EK PAIDO$ PERI= KALWN TE-KAI 'AISCRWN, TA$ DIKAIA$ POIOUMENA$,
"AI NEWSTI 'EK DOULEIA$ LELUMENAI, DORUFOROUSAI TON
'ERWTA, KRATHSOUSI2 MET' 'EKEINOU, "AI=4 PROTERON MEN 'ONAR
<P 574E>
'ELUONTO 'EN "UPNWI, "OTE 'H*N 'AUTO$ 'ETI "UPO NOMOI$ TE-KAI PATRI
DHMOKRATOUMENO$ 'EN "EAUTWI; TURANNEUQEI$ DE "UPO 'ERWTO$,
"OIO$ 'OLIGAKI$ 'EGIGNETO 'ONAR, "UPAR TOIOUTO$ 'AEI GENOMENO$,
'OUTE TINO$ FONOU DEINOU 'AFEXETAI 'OUTE BRWMATO$ 'OUT' 'ERGOU,


<P 575A>
'ALLA= TURANNIKW$ 'EN 'AUTWI "O 'ERW$ 'EN PASHI 'ANARCIA\ KAI
'ANOMIA\ ZWN, "ATE 'AUTO$ 'WN MONARCO$, TON 'ECONTA TE 'AUTON
"WSPER POLIN 'AXEI2 'EPI PASAN TOLMAN, "OQEN "AUTON TE-KAI TON
PERI= "AUTON QORUBON QREYEI2, TON MEN 'EXWQEN 'EISELHLUQOTA
'APO KAKH$ "OMILIA$, TON D' 'ENDOQEN "UPO TWN 'AUTWN TROPWN
KAI "EAUTOU 'ANEQENTA KAI 'ELEUQERWQENTA; 'H= 'OUC "OUTO$ "O BIO$
TOU* TOIOUTOU:
"OUTO$ MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
KAI 'AN2 MEN-GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OLIGOI "OI TOIOUTOI 'EN POLEI
<P 575B>
'WSI KAI TO 'ALLO PLHQO$ SWFRONHI5, 'EXELQONTE$ 'ALLON TINA
DORUFOROUSI0 TURANNON 'H= MISQOU 'EPIKOUROUSIN0, 'EA=N POU
POLEMO$ 'HI; 'EA=N D' 'EN 'EIRHNHI TE-KAI "HSUCIA\ GENWNTAI, 'AUTOU2
DH 'EN THI POLEI KAKA DRWSI0 SMIKRA POLLA.
TA POI*A DH LEGEI$:
"OI*A KLEPTOUSI0, TOICWRUCOUSI0, BALLANTIOTOMOUSI0, LWPODUTOUSIN0,
"IEROSULOUSIN0, 'ANDRAPODIZONTAI; 'ESTI D' "OTE SUKOFANTOUSIN0,
'EA=N DUNATOI 'WSI LEGEIN, KAI YEUDOMARTUROUSI0
KAI DWRODOKOUSIN0.
<P 575C>
SMIKRA G', 'EFH, KAKA LEGEI$, 'EA=N 'OLIGOI 'WSIN "OI TOIOUTOI.
TA GAR SMIKRA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PRO$ TA MEGALA SMIKRA 'ESTIN,
KAI TAUTA DH PANTA PRO$ TURANNON PONHRIA\ TE-KAI 'AQLIOTHTI
POLEW$, TO LEGOMENON, 'OUD' "IKTAR BALLEI0. "OTAN GAR-DH
POLLOI 'EN POLEI GENWNTAI "OI TOIOUTOI KAI 'ALLOI "OI SUNEPOMENOI
'AUTOI$, KAI 'AISQWNTAI "EAUTWN TO PLHQO$, TO=TE "OUTOI
'EISIN "OI TON TURANNON GENNWNTE$ META DHMOU 'ANOIA$ 'EKEINON,
"O$4 'AN4 'AUTWN MALISTA 'AUTO$ 'EN "AUTWI MEGISTON KAI PLEISTON
<P 575D>
'EN THI YUCHI TURANNON 'ECHI5.
'EIKOTW$ G', 'EFH; TURANNIKWTATO$ GAR 'AN4 'EIH.
'OUKOU*N 'EA=N MEN "EKONTE$ "UPEIKWSIN; 'EA=N DE MH 'EPITREPHI5
"H POLI$, "WSPER TO=TE MHTERA KAI PATERA 'EKOLAZEN, "OUTW
PALIN THN PATRIDA, 'EA=N "OIO$-T'-'HI, KOLASETAI 'EPEISAGOMENO$
NEOU$ "ETAIROU$, KAI "UPO TOUTOI$ DH DOULEUOUSAN THN PALAI
FILHN MHTRIDA TE, KRHTE$ FASI0, KAI PATRIDA "EXEI2 TE-KAI
QREYEI2. KAI TOUTO DH TO TELO$ 'AN4 'EIH TH$ 'EPIQUMIA$ TOU*
TOIOUTOU 'ANDRO$.
<P 575E>
TOUTO, 'H*-D'-"O$, PANTAPASI GE.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OUTOI GE TOIOIDE GIGNONTAI 'IDIA\ KAI
PRIN 'ARCEIN; PRWTON MEN "OI$ 'AN4 SUNWSIN, 'H= KOLAXIN "EAUTWN
SUNONTE$ KAI PAN "ETOIMOI$ "UPHRETEIN, 'H= 'EA=N TOU TI DEWNTAI,


<P 576A>
'AUTOI "UPOPESONTE$, PANTA SCHMATA TOLMWNTE$ POIEIN "W$
'OIKEIOI, DIAPRAXAMENOI DE 'ALLOTRIOI:
KAI SFO=DRA GE.
'EN PANTI 'A=RA TW*I BIWI ZWSI0 FILOI MEN 'OUDEPOTE 'OUDENI,
'AEI DE TOU DESPOZONTE$ 'H= DOULEUONTE$ 'ALLWI, 'ELEUQERIA$ DE-KAI
FILIA$ 'ALHQOU$ TURANNIKH FUSI$ 'AEI 'AGEUSTO$.
PANU MEN-'OUN.
'A*R'-'OUN 'OUK 'ORQW$ 'AN4 TOU$ TOIOUTOU$ 'APISTOU$ KALOIMEN0:
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
KAI-MHN 'ADIKOU$ GE "W$ "OION-TE MALISTA, 'EIPER 'ORQW$
<P 576B>
'EN TOI$ PROSQEN "WMOLOGHSAMEN PERI= DIKAIOSUNH$ "OION
'ESTIN.
'ALLA=-MHN, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'ORQW$ GE.
KEFALAIWSWMEQA TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TON KAKISTON. 'ESTIN
DE-POU, "OION 'ONAR DIHLQOMEN, "O$4 'AN4 "UPAR TOIOUTO$ 'HI.
PANU MEN-'OUN.
'OUKOU*N "OUTO$ GIGNETAI "O$4 'AN4 TURANNIKWTATO$ FUSEI 'WN
MONARCHSHI6, KAI "OSWI 'AN4 PLEIW CRONON 'EN TURANNIDI BIWI2,
TOSOUTWI MALLON TOIOUTO$.
'ANAGKH, 'EFH DIADEXAMENO$ TON LOGON "O GLAUKWN.
'A*R'-'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "O$4 'AN4 FAINHTAI PONHROTATO$, KAI
<P 576C>
'AQLIWTATO$ FANHSETAI: KAI "O$4 'AN4 PLEISTON CRONON KAI
MALISTA TURANNEUSHI6, MALISTA TE-KAI PLEISTON CRONON
TOIOUTO$ GEGONW$ THI 'ALHQEIA\: TOI$ DE POLLOI$ POLLA KAI
DOKEI0.
'ANAGKH, 'EFH, TAUTA GOUN "OUTW$ 'ECEIN.
'ALLO TI 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "O GE TURANNIKO$ KATA THN
TURANNOUMENHN POLIN 'AN4 'EIH "OMOIOTHTI, DHMOTIKO$ DE KATA
DHMOKRATOUMENHN, KAI "OI 'ALLOI "OUTW:
TI= MHN:
'OUKOU*N, "OTI2 POLI$ PRO$ POLIN 'ARETHI KAI 'EUDAIMONIA\,
TOUTO KAI 'ANHR PRO$ 'ANDRA:
<P 576D>
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
TI= 'OUN 'ARETHI TURANNOUMENH POLI$ PRO$ BASILEUOMENHN
"OIAN TO PRWTON DIHLQOMEN:
PAN 'TOUNANTION, 'EFH; "H MEN-GAR 'ARISTH, "H DE
KAKISTH.
'OUK 'ERHSOMAI, 'EIPON, "OPOTERAN LEGEI$; DHLON GAR. 'ALL'
'EUDAIMONIA$ TE 'AU KAI 'AQLIOTHTO$ "WSAUTW$ 'H= 'ALLW$ KRINEI$0:
KAI MH 'EKPLHTTWMEQA PRO$ TON TURANNON "ENA 'ONTA BLEPONTE$,
MHD' 'EI TINE$ 'OLIGOI PERI= 'EKEINON, 'ALL' "W$ CRH "OLHN
<P 576E>
THN POLIN 'EISELQONTA$ QEASASQAI, KATADUNTE$ 'EI$ "APASAN
KAI 'IDONTE$, "OUTW DOXAN 'APOFAINWMEQA.
'ALL' 'ORQW$, 'EFH, PROKALHI0; KAI DHLON PANTI "OTI4 TURANNOUMENH$
MEN 'OUK 'ESTIN 'AQLIWTE=RA, BASILEUOMENH$ DE 'OUK
'EUDAIMONESTE=RA.
'A*R'-'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI PERI= TWN 'ANDRWN TA 'AUTA TAUTA


<P 577A>
PROKALOUMENO$0 'ORQW$ 'AN4 PROKALOIMHN0, 'AXIWN KRINEIN0 PERI=
'AUTWN 'EKEINON, "O$4 DUNATAI THI DIANOIA\ 'EI$ 'ANDRO$ 'HQO$ 'ENDU$
DIIDEIN KAI MH KAQAPER PAI$ 'EXWQEN "ORWN 'EKPLHTTETAI "UPO
TH$ TWN TURANNIKWN PROSTASEW$ "HN PRO$ TOU$ 'EXW SCHMATIZONTAI,
'ALL' "IKANW$ DIORA*I0: 'EI 'OUN 'OIOIMHN DEIN 'EKEINOU
PANTA$ "HMA$ 'AKOUEIN, TOU* DUNATOU MEN KRINAI0, SUNWIKHKOTO$
DE 'EN TW*I 'AUTWI KAI PARAGEGONOTO$ 'EN TE TAI$ KAT' 'OIKIAN
PRAXESIN, "W$ PRO$ "EKASTOU$ TOU$ 'OIKEIOU$ 'ECEI0, 'EN "OI$
<P 577B>
MALISTA GUMNO$ 'AN4 'OFQEIH TH$ TRAGIKH$ SKEUH$, KAI 'EN 'AU
TOI$ DHMOSIOI$ KINDUNOI$, KAI TAUTA PANTA 'IDONTA KELEUOIMEN
'EXAGGELLEIN PW*$ 'ECEI0 'EUDAIMONIA$ KAI 'AQLIOTHTO$ "O TURANNO$
PRO$ TOU$ 'ALLOU$:
'ORQOTAT' 'AN4, 'EFH, KAI TAUTA PROKALOIO0.
BOULEI 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PROSPOIHSWMEQA "HMEI$ 'EINAI TWN
DUNATWN 'AN4 KRINAI0 KAI 'HDH 'ENTUCONTWN3 TOIOUTOI$, "INA 'ECWMEN
"OSTI$ 'APOKRINEITAI "A 'ERWTWMEN0:
PANU GE.
<P 577C>
'IQI DH MOI, 'EFHN, "WDE SKOPEI5. THN "OMOIOTHTA 'ANAMIMNHISKOMENO$
TH$ TE POLEW$ KAI TOU* 'ANDRO$, "OUTW KAQ' "EKASTON
'EN MEREI 'AQRWN, TA PAQHMATA "EKATEROU LEGE.
TA POI*A: 'EFH.
PRWTON MEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "W$ POLIN 'EIPEIN, 'ELEUQERAN 'H=
DOULHN THN TURANNOUMENHN 'EREI$2:
"W$ "OION-T', 'EFH, MALISTA DOULHN.
KAI-MHN "ORA*I$0 GE 'EN 'AUTHI DESPOTA$ KAI 'ELEUQEROU$.
"ORW0, 'EFH, SMIKRON GE TI TOUTO; TO DE "OLON, "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN,
'EN 'AUTHI KAI TO 'EPIEIKESTATON 'ATIMW$ TE-KAI 'AQLIW$ DOULON.
<P 577D>
'EI 'OUN, 'EIPON, "OMOIO$ 'ANHR THI POLEI, 'OU-KAI 'EN 'EKEINWI
'ANAGKH THN 'AUTHN TAXIN 'ENEINAI, KAI POLLH$ MEN DOULEIA$ TE-KAI
'ANELEUQERIA$ GEMEIN THN YUCHN 'AUTOU4, KAI TAUTA 'AUTH$
TA MERH DOULEUEIN, "APER 'H*N 'EPIEIKESTATA, MIKRON DE-KAI TO
MOCQHROTATON KAI MANIKWTATON DESPOZEIN:
'ANAGKH, 'EFH.
TI= 'OUN: DOULHN 'H= 'ELEUQERAN THN TOIAUTHN FHSEI$ 'EINAI
YUCHN:
DOULHN DHPOU 'EGWGE.
'OUKOU*N "H GE 'AU DOULH KAI TURANNOUMENH POLI$ "HKISTA
POIEI0 "A BOULETAI:
POLU GE.
<P 577E>
KAI "H TURANNOUMENH 'A=RA YUCH "HKISTA POIHSEI2 "A 'AN4
BOULHQHI, "W$ PERI= "OLH$ 'EIPEIN YUCH$; "UPO DE 'OISTROU 'AEI
"ELKOMENH BIA\ TARACH$ KAI METAMELEIA$ MESTH 'ESTAI.
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
PLOUSIAN DE 'H= PENOMENHN 'ANAGKH THN TURANNOUMENHN
POLIN 'EINAI:
PENOMENHN.


<P 578A>
KAI YUCHN 'A=RA TURANNIKHN PENICRAN KAI 'APLHSTON
'ANAGKH 'AEI 'EINAI.
"OUTW$, 'H*-D'-"O$.
TI= DE: FOBOU GEMEIN 'A*R' 'OUK 'ANAGKH THN TE TOIAUTHN
POLIN TON TE TOIOUTON 'ANDRA:
POLLH GE.
'ODURMOU$ TE-KAI STENAGMOU$ KAI QRHNOU$ KAI 'ALGHDONA$
'OIEI 'EN TINI 'ALLHI PLEIOU$ "EURHSEIN:
'OUDAMW$.
'EN 'ANDRI DE "HGHI0 TA TOIAUTA 'EN 'ALLWI TINI PLEIW 'EINAI 'H=
'EN TW*I MAINOMENWI "UPO 'EPIQUMIWN TE-KAI 'ERWTWN TOUTWI TW*I
TURANNIKWI:
PW*$ GAR 'AN4: 'EFH.
<P 578B>
'EI$ PANTA DH 'OIMAI TAUTA TE-KAI 'A=LLA TOIAUTA 'APOBLEYA$
THN TE POLIN TWN POLEWN 'AQLIWTATHN 'EKRINA$ %
'OUKOU*N 'ORQW$: 'EFH.
KAI MALA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. 'ALLA= PERI= TOU* 'ANDRO$ 'AU TOU*
TURANNIKOU TI= LEGEI$ 'EI$ 'TAUTA TAUTA 'APOBLEPWN:
MAKRWI, 'EFH, 'AQLIWTATON 'EINAI TWN 'ALLWN "APANTWN.
TOUTO, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OUKET' 'ORQW$ LEGEI$.
PW*$: 'H*-D'-"O$.
'OUPW, 'EFHN, 'OIMAI, "OUTO$ 'ESTIN "O TOIOUTO$ MALISTA.
'ALLA= TI=$ MHN:
"ODE 'ISW$ SOI4 'ETI DOXEI2 'EINAI TOUTOU 'AQLIWTERO$.
POI*O$:
<P 578C>
"O$4 'AN4, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TURANNIKO$ 'WN MH 'IDIWTHN BION KATABIWI2,
'ALLA= DUSTUCH$ 'HI KAI 'AUTWI "UPO TINO$ SUMFORA$
'EKPORISQHI "WSTE TURANNWI GENESQAI.
TEKMAIROMAI SE, 'EFH, 'EK TWN PROEIRHMENWN 'ALHQH LEGEIN.
NAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ALL' 'OUK 'OIESQAI CRH TA TOIAUTA, 'ALL'
'EU MALA TW*I TOIOUTWI LOGWI SKOPEIN; PERI= GAR-TOI TOU*
MEGISTOU "H SKEYI$, 'AGAQOU TE BIOU KAI KAKOU.
'ORQOTATA, 'H*-D'-"O$.
SKOPEI5 DH 'EI 'A=RA TI LEGW0. DOKEI0 GAR MOI DEIN 'ENNOHSAI0
<P 578D>
'EK TWNDE PERI= 'AUTOU4 SKOPOUNTA$.
'EK TI=NWN:
'EX "ENO$ "EKASTOU TWN 'IDIWTWN, "OSOI PLOUSIOI 'EN POLESIN
'ANDRAPODA POLLA KEKTHNTAI. "OUTOI GAR TOUTO GE PROSOMOION
'ECOUSIN0 TOI$ TURANNOI$, TO POLLWN 'ARCEIN; DIAFEREI0 DE TO
'EKEINOU PLHQO$.
DIAFEREI0 GAR.
'OISQ' 'OUN "OTI4 "OUTOI 'ADEW$ 'ECOUSIN0 KAI 'OU FOBOUNTAI
TOU$ 'OIKETA$:
TI= GAR 'AN4 FOBOINTO:
'OUDEN, 'EIPON; 'ALLA= TO 'AITION 'ENNOEI$:
NAI, "OTI4 GE PASA "H POLI$ "ENI "EKASTWI BOHQEI0 TWN 'IDIWTWN.
<P 578E>
KALW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, LEGEI$. TI= DE: 'EI TI$ QEWN 'ANDRA
"ENA, "OTWI 'ESTIN 'ANDRAPODA PENTHKONTA 'H=-KAI PLEIW, 'ARA$ 'EK
TH$ POLEW$ 'AUTON TE-KAI GUNAIKA KAI PAIDA$ QEIH 'EI$ 'ERHMIAN
META TH$ 'ALLH$ 'OUSIA$ TE-KAI TWN 'OIKETWN, "OPOU 'AUTWI
MHDEI$ TWN 'ELEUQERWN MELLOI BOHQHSEIN, 'EN POI=WI 'AN4 TINI
KAI "OPOSWI FOBWI 'OIEI GENESQAI 'AUTON PERI= TE "AUTOU KAI
PAIDWN KAI GUNAIKO$, MH 'APOLOINTO "UPO TWN 'OIKETWN:
'EN PANTI, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'EGWGE.


<P 579A>
'OUKOU*N 'ANAGKAZOITO 'AN4 TINA$ 'HDH QWPEUEIN 'AUTWN TWN
DOULWN KAI "UPISCNEISQAI POLLA KAI 'ELEUQEROUN0 'OUDEN
DEOMENO$, KAI KOLAX 'AUTO$ 'AN4 QERAPONTWN 'ANAFANEIH:
POLLH 'ANAGKH, 'EFH, 'AUTWI, 'H= 'APOLWLENAI.
TI= D', 'EI KAI 'ALLOU$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "O QEO$ KUKLWI KATOIKISEIEN
GEITONA$ POLLOU$ 'AUTWI, "OI=4 MH 'ANECOINTO 'EI TI$ 'ALLO$ 'ALLOU
DESPOZEIN 'AXIOI3, 'ALL' 'EI POU TINA TOIOUTON LAMBANOIEN, TAI$
'ESCATAI$ TIMWROINTO TIMWRIAI$:
<P 579B>
'ETI 'AN4, 'EFH, 'OIMAI, MALLON 'EN PANTI KAKOU 'EIH, KUKLWI
FROUROUMENO$ "UPO PANTWN POLEMIWN.
'A*R'-'OUN 'OUK 'EN TOIOUTWI MEN DESMWTHRIWI DEDETAI "O TURANNO$,
FUSEI 'WN "OION DIELHLUQAMEN, POLLWN KAI PANTODAPWN
FOBWN KAI 'ERWTWN MESTO$; LICNWI DE 'ONTI 'AUTWI THN YUCHN
MONWI TWN 'EN THI POLEI 'OUTE 'APODHMHSAI0 'EXESTIN 'OUDAMOSE,
'OUTE QEWRHSAI0 "OSWN DH-KAI "OI 'ALLOI 'ELEUQEROI 'EPIQUMHTAI
'EISIN, KATADEDUKW$ DE 'EN THI 'OIKIA\ TA POLLA "W$ GUNH ZHI0,
<P 579C>
FQONWN KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ POLITAI$, 'EA=N TI$ 'EXW 'APODHMHI5 KAI
TI 'AGAQON "ORA*I2:
PANTAPASIN MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ KAKOI$ PLEIW KARPOUTAI 'ANHR "O$4
'AN4 KAKW$ 'EN "EAUTWI POLITEUOMENO$, "ON NUNDH SU 'AQLIWTATON
'EKRINA$, TON TURANNIKON, "W$ MH 'IDIWTH$ KATABIWI2, 'ALLA=
'ANAGKASQHI "UPO TINO$ TUCH$ TURANNEUSAI0 KAI "EAUTOU 'WN
'AKRATWR 'ALLWN 'EPICEIRHSHI6 'ARCEIN, "WSPER 'EI TI$ KAMNONTI
SWMATI KAI 'AKRATORI "EAUTOU MH 'IDIWTEUWN 'ALL' 'AGWNIZOMENO$
<P 579D>
PRO$ 'A=LLA SWMATA KAI MACOMENO$ 'ANAGKAZOITO DIAGEIN TON
BION.
PANTAPASIN, 'EFH, "OMOIOTATA TE-KAI 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$,
'W* SWKRATE$.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* FILE GLAUKWN, PANTELW$ TO PAQO$
'AQLION, KAI TOU* "UPO SOU4 KRIQENTO$ CALEPWTATA ZHN CALEPWTERON
'ETI ZHI0 "O TURANNWN:
KOMIDHI G', 'EFH.
'ESTIN 'A=RA THI 'ALHQEIA\, 'KAN4 'EI MH TWI DOKEI0, "O TW*I-'ONTI
TURANNO$ TW*I-'ONTI DOULO$ TA$ MEGISTA$ QWPEIA$ KAI DOULEIA$
<P 579E>
KAI KOLAX TWN PONHROTATWN, KAI TA$ 'EPIQUMIA$ 'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN
'APOPIMPLA$, 'ALLA= PLEISTWN 'EPIDEESTATO$ KAI PENH$
THI 'ALHQEIA\ FAINETAI, 'EA=N TI$ "OLHN YUCHN 'EPISTHTAI QEASASQAI,
KAI FOBOU GEMWN DIA= PANTO$ TOU* BIOU, SFADA\SMWN
TE-KAI 'ODUNWN PLHRH$, 'EIPER THI TH$ POLEW$ DIAQESEI "H$
'ARCEI0 'EOIKEN0. 'EOIKEN0 DE; 'H*-GAR:
KAI MALA, 'EFH.


<P 580A>
'OUKOU*N-KAI PRO$ TOUTOI$ 'ETI 'APODWSOMEN TW*I 'ANDRI KAI
"A TO PROTERON 'EIPOMEN, "OTI4 'ANAGKH KAI 'EINAI KAI 'ETI MALLON
GIGNESQAI 'AUTWI 'H= PROTERON DIA= THN 'ARCHN FQONERWI, 'APISTWI,
'ADIKWI, 'AFILWI, 'ANOSIWI KAI PASH$ KAKIA$ PANDOKEI TE-KAI
TROFEI, KAI 'EX "APANTWN TOUTWN MALISTA MEN 'AUTWI DUSTUCEI
'EINAI, 'EPEITA DE-KAI TOU$ PLHSION "AUTWI TOIOUTOU$
'APERGAZESQAI.
'OUDEI$ SOI4, 'EFH, TWN NOUN 'ECONTWN0 'ANTEREI2.
'IQI DH MOI, 'EFHN 'EGW, NU*N 'HDH "WSPER "O DIA= PANTWN
<P 580B>
KRITH$ 'APOFAINETAI, KAI SU "OUTW, TI=$ PRWTO$ KATA THN SHN
DOXAN 'EUDAIMONIA\ KAI TI=$ DEUTERO$, KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ "EXH$
PENTE 'ONTA$ KRINE, BASILIKON, TIMOKRATIKON, 'OLIGARCIKON,
DHMOKRATIKON, TURANNIKON.
'ALLA= "RA\DI=A 'EFH, "H KRISI$. KAQAPER GAR 'EISHLQON
'EGWGE "WSPER COROU$ KRINW0 'ARETHI KAI KAKIA\ KAI 'EUDAIMONIA\
KAI TW*I 'ENANTIWI.
MISQWSWMEQA 'OUN KHRUKA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'H= 'AUTO$ 'ANEIPW
"OTI4 "O 'ARISTWNO$ "UO$ TON 'ARISTON TE-KAI DIKAIOTATON 'EUDAIMONESTATON
<P 580C>
'EKRINE, TOUTON D' 'EINAI TON BASILIKWTATON KAI
BASILEUONTA "AUTOU, TON DE KAKISTON TE-KAI 'ADIKWTATON
'AQLIWTATON, TOUTON DE 'AU TUGCANEIN 'ONTA "O$4 'AN4 TURANNIKWTATO$
'WN "EAUTOU TE "OTI2 MALISTA TURANNHI5 KAI TH$ POLEW$:
'ANEIRHSQW SOI4, 'EFH.
'H*-'OUN PROSANAGOREUW3, 'EIPON, 'EANTE LANQANWSIN TOIOUTOI
'ONTE$ 'EANTE MH PANTA$ 'ANQRWPOU$ TE-KAI QEOU$:
PROSANAGOREUE, 'EFH.
'EIEN DH, 'EIPON; "AU=TH MEN "HMIN "H 'APODEIXI$ MIA 'AN4 'EIH,
<P 580D>
DEUTERAN DE 'IDE THNDE, 'EA=N TI DOXHI6 'EINAI.
TI=$ "AU=TH:
'EPEIDH, "WSPER POLI$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DIHIRHTAI KATA TRIA 'EIDH,
"OUTW KAI YUCH "ENO$ "EKASTOU TRICHI, LOGISTIKON8 DEXETAI, "W$
'EMOI4 DOKEI0, KAI "ETERAN 'APODEIXIN.
TI=NA TAUTHN:
THNDE. TRIWN 'ONTWN0 TRITTAI KAI "HDONAI MOI FAINONTAI,
"ENO$ "EKASTOU MIA 'IDI=A; 'EPIQUMIAI TE "WSAUTW$ KAI 'ARCAI.
PW*$ LEGEI$: 'EFH.
TO MEN, FAMEN, 'H*N "WI MANQANEI0 'ANQRWPO$, TO DE "WI QUMOUTAI,
TO DE TRITON DIA= POLUEIDIAN "ENI 'OUK 'ESCOMEN 'ONOMATI PROSEIPEIN
<P 580E>
'IDIWI 'AUTOU4, 'ALLA= "O= MEGISTON KAI 'ISCUROTATON 'EICEN
'EN "AUTWI, TOUTWI 'EPWNOMASAMEN; 'EPIQUMHTIKON GAR 'AUTO
KEKLHKAMEN DIA= SFODROTHTA TWN TE PERI= THN 'EDWDHN 'EPIQUMIWN
KAI POSIN KAI 'AFRODI=SIA KAI "OSA 'A=LLA TOUTOI$ 'AKOLOUQA,
KAI FILOCRHMATON DH, "OTI4 DIA= CRHMATWN MALISTA 'APOTELOUNTAI0


<P 581A>
"AI TOIAUTAI 'EPIQUMIAI.
KAI 'ORQW$ G', 'EFH.
'A*R'-'OUN-KAI THN "HDONHN 'AUTOU4 KAI FILIAN 'EI FAIMEN 'EINAI
TOU* KERDOU$, MALIST' 'AN4 'EI$ "EN KEFALAION 'APEREIDOIMEQA TW*I
LOGWI, "WSTE TI "HMIN-'AUTOI$ DHLOUN0, "OPOTE TOUTO TH$ YUCH$
TO MERO$ LEGOIMEN, KAI KALOUNTE$0 'AUTO FILOCRHMATON KAI
FILOKERDE$ 'ORQW$ 'AN4 KALOIMEN0:
'EMOI4 GOUN DOKEI0, 'EFH.
TI= DE: TO QUMOEIDE$ 'OU PRO$ TO KRATEIN MENTOI FAMEN
KAI NIKAN KAI 'EUDOKIMEIN 'AEI "OLON "WRMHSQAI:
<P 581B>
KAI MALA.
'EI 'OUN FILONIKON 'AUTO KAI FILOTIMON PROSAGOREUOIMEN,
'H* 'EMMELW$ 'AN4 'ECOI:
'EMMELESTATA MEN-'OUN.
'ALLA=-MHN "WI GE MANQANOMEN, PANTI DHLON "OTI4 PRO$ TO
'EIDENAI THN 'ALHQEIAN "OPHI 'ECEI0 PAN 'AEI TETATAI, KAI CRHMATWN
TE-KAI DOXH$ "HKISTA TOUTWN TOUTWI MELEI0.
POLU GE.
FILOMAQE$ DH-KAI FILOSOFON KALOUNTE$0 'AUTO KATA TROPON
'AN4 KALOIMEN0:
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI 'ARCEI0 'EN TAI$ YUCAI$ TWN MEN
<P 581C>
TOUTO, TWN DE TO "ETERON 'EKEINWN, "OPOTERON 'AN4 TUCHI6:
"OUTW$, 'EFH.
DIA= TAUTA DH-KAI 'ANQRWPWN LEGOMEN TA PRWTA TRITTA
GENH 'EINAI, FILOSOFON, FILONIKON, FILOKERDE$:
KOMIDHI GE.
KAI "HDONWN DH TRIA 'EIDH, "UPOKEIMENON "EN "EKASTWI TOUTWN:
PANU GE.
'OISQ' 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OTI4 'EI 'QELOI$ TREI$ TOIOUTOU$
'ANQRWPOU$ 'EN MEREI "EKASTON 'ANERWTAN TI=$ TOUTWN TWN BIWN
"HDISTO$, TON "EAUTOU "EKASTO$ MALISTA 'EGKWMIASETAI: "O TE
<P 581D>
CRHMATISTIKO$ PRO$ TO KERDAINEIN THN TOU* TIMASQAI "HDONHN
'H= THN TOU* MANQANEIN 'OUDENO$ 'AXIAN FHSEI2 'EINAI, 'EI MH 'EI TI
'AUTWN 'ARGURION POIEI0:
'ALHQH, 'EFH.
TI= DE "O FILOTIMO$: 'H*N-D'-'EGW; 'OU THN MEN 'APO TWN
CRHMATWN "HDONHN FORTIKHN TINA "HGEITAI, KAI 'AU THN 'APO
TOU* MANQANEIN, "OTI2-MH MAQHMA TIMHN FEREI0, KAPNON KAI
FLUARIAN:
"OUTW$, 'EFH, 'ECEI0.
TON DE FILOSOFON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TI= 'OIWMEQA TA$ 'ALLA$
<P 581E>
"HDONA$ NOMIZEIN PRO$ THN TOU* 'EIDENAI 'TALHQE$ "OPHI 'ECEI0 KAI
'EN TOIOUTWI TINI 'AEI 'EINAI MANQANONTA: TH$8 "HDONH$8 'OU PANU
PORRW: KAI KALEIN0 TW*I-'ONTI 'ANAGKAIA$, "W$ 'OUDEN TWN 'ALLWN
DEOMENON, 'EI MH 'ANAGKH 'H*N:
'EU, 'EFH, DEI 'EIDENAI:
"OTE DH-'OUN, 'EIPON, 'AMFISBHTOUNTAI "EKASTOU TOU* 'EIDOU$
"AI "HDONAI KAI 'AUTO$ "O BIO$, MH-"OTI4 PRO$ TO KALLION KAI
'AISCION ZHN MHDE TO CEIRON KAI 'AMEINON, 'ALLA= PRO$ 'AUTO TO


<P 582A>
"HDION KAI 'ALUPOTERON, PW*$ 'AN4 'EIDEIMEN TI=$ 'AUTWN 'ALHQESTATA
LEGEI0:
'OU PANU, 'EFH, 'EGWGE 'ECW0 'EIPEIN.
'ALL' "WDE SKOPEI5; TI=NI CRH KRINESQAI TA MELLONTA KALW$
KRIQHSESQAI: 'A*R' 'OUK 'EMPEIRIA\ TE-KAI FRONHSEI KAI LOGWI:
'H= TOUTWN 'ECOI 'AN4 TI$ BELTION KRITHRION:
KAI PW*$ 'AN4: 'EFH.
SKOPEI5 DH; TRIWN 'ONTWN0 TWN 'ANDRWN TI=$ 'EMPEIROTATO$ PASWN
"WN 'EIPOMEN "HDONWN: POTERON "O FILOKERDH$, MANQANWN 'AUTHN
THN 'ALHQEIAN "OION 'ESTIN, 'EMPEIROTERO$ DOKEI0 SOI4 'EINAI TH$
<P 582B>
'APO TOU* 'EIDENAI "HDONH$, 'H= "O FILOSOFO$ TH$ 'APO TOU* KERDAINEIN:
POLU, 'EFH, DIAFEREI0. TW*I MEN-GAR 'ANAGKH GEUESQAI TWN
"ETERWN 'EK PAIDO$ 'ARXAMENWI; TW*I DE FILOKERDEI, "OPHI PEFUKE0
TA 'ONTA MANQANONTI, TH$ "HDONH$ TAUTH$, "W$ GLUKEIA 'ESTIN,
'OUK 'ANAGKH GEUESQAI 'OUD' 'EMPEIRWI GIGNESQAI, MALLON DE-KAI
PROQUMOUMENWI 'OU "RA&DION.
POLU 'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, DIAFEREI0 TOU* GE FILOKERDOU$ "O
FILOSOFO$ 'EMPEIRIA\ 'AMFOTERWN TWN "HDONWN.
<P 582C>
POLU MENTOI.
TI= DE TOU* FILOTIMOU: 'A*RA MALLON 'APEIRO$ 'ESTI TH$ 'APO
TOU* TIMASQAI "HDONH$ 'H= 'EKEINO$ TH$ 'APO TOU* FRONEIN:
'ALLA= TIMH MEN, 'EFH, 'EANPER 'EXERGAZWNTAI 'EPI "O= "EKASTO$
"WRMHKE0, PASIN 'AUTOI$ "EPETAI % KAI-GAR "O PLOUSIO$ "UPO
POLLWN TIMATAI0 KAI "O 'ANDREIO$ KAI SOFO$ % "WSTE 'APO GE TOU*
TIMASQAI, "OION 'ESTIN, PANTE$ TH$ "HDONH$ 'EMPEIROI; TH$ DE
TOU* 'ONTO$ QEA$, "OIAN "HDONHN 'ECEI0, 'ADUNATON 'ALLWI GEGEUSQAI
PLHN TW*I FILOSOFWI.
<P 582D>
'EMPEIRIA$ MEN-'A=RA, 'EIPON, "ENEKA KALLISTA TWN 'ANDRWN
KRINEI0 "OUTO$.
POLU GE.
KAI-MHN META GE FRONHSEW$ MONO$ 'EMPEIRO$
GEGONW$-'ESTAI.
TI= MHN:
'ALLA=-MHN-KAI DI' "OU2 GE DEI 'ORGANOU KRINESQAI, 'OU TOU*
FILOKERDOU$ TOUTO 'ORGANON 'OUDE TOU* FILOTIMOU, 'ALLA= TOU*
FILOSOFOU.
TO POI*ON:
DIA= LOGWN POU 'EFAMEN DEIN KRINESQAI. 'H*-GAR:
NAI.
LOGOI DE TOUTOU MALISTA 'ORGANON.
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
'OUKOU*N 'EI MEN PLOUTWI KAI KERDEI 'ARISTA 'EKRINETO TA
<P 582E>
KRINOMENA, "A 'EPHINEI "O FILOKERDH$ KAI 'EYEGEN, 'ANAGKH 'AN4
'H*N TAUTA 'ALHQESTATA 'EINAI.
POLLH GE.
'EI DE TIMHI TE-KAI NIKHI KAI 'ANDREIA\, 'A*R' 'OUC "A "O FILOTIMO$
TE-KAI FILONIKO$:
DHLON.
'EPEIDH D' 'EMPEIRIA\ KAI FRONHSEI KAI LOGWI:
'ANAGKH, 'EFH, "A "O FILOSOFO$ TE-KAI "O FILOLOGO$ 'EPAINEI0,
'ALHQESTATA 'EINAI.


<P 583A>
TRIWN 'A=R' 'OUSWN TWN "HDONWN "H TOUTOU TOU* MEROU$ TH$
YUCH$ "WI MANQANOMEN "HDISTH 'AN4 'EIH, KAI 'EN "WI "HMWN TOUTO
'ARCEI0, "O TOUTOU BIO$ "HDISTO$:
PW*$ D' 'OU MELLEI0: 'EFH; KURIO$ GOUN 'EPAINETH$ 'WN
'EPAINEI0 TON "EAUTOU BION "O FRONIMO$.
TI=NA DE DEUTERON, 'EIPON, BION KAI TI=NA DEUTERAN "HDONHN
FHSIN "O KRITH$ 'EINAI:
DHLON "OTI4 THN TOU* POLEMIKOU TE-KAI FILOTIMOU; 'EGGUTERW
GAR 'AUTOU4 'ESTIN 'H= "H TOU* CRHMATISTOU.
"USTATHN DH THN TOU* FILOKERDOU$, "W$ 'EOIKEN0.
TI= MHN: 'H*-D'-"O$.
<P 583B>
TAUTA MEN-TOINUN "OUTW DU' 'EFEXH$ 'AN4 'EIH KAI DI$ NENIKHKW$
"O DIKAIO$ TON 'ADIKON; TO DE TRITON 'OLUMPIKW$ TW*I SWTHRI TE-KAI
TW*I 'OLUMPIWI DII, 'AQREI5 "OTI4 'OUDE PANALHQH$ 'ESTIN "H
TWN 'ALLWN "HDONH PLHN TH$ TOU* FRONIMOU 'OUDE KAQARA, 'ALL'
'ESKIAGRAFHMENH TI$, "W$ 'EGW DOKW0 MOI TWN SOFWN TINO$
'AKHKOENAI. KAITOI TOUT' 'AN4 'EIH MEGISTON TE-KAI KURIWTATON
TWN PTWMATWN.
POLU GE; 'ALLA= PW*$ LEGEI$:
<P 583C>
"WD', 'EIPON, 'EXEURHSW2, SOU4 'APOKRINOMENOU ZHTWN "AMA.
'ERWTA DH, 'EFH.
LEGE DH, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; 'OUK 'ENANTION FAMEN LUPHN "HDONHI:
KAI MALA.
'OUKOU*N-KAI TO MHTE CAIREIN MHTE LUPEISQAI 'EINAI TI:
'EINAI MENTOI.
METAXU TOUTOIN 'AMFOIN 'EN MESWI 'ON "HSUCIAN TINA PERI=
TAUTA TH$ YUCH$: 'H= 'OUC "OUTW$ 'AUTO LEGEI$:
"OUTW$, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'A*R'-'OUN MNHMONEUEI$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TOU$ TWN KAMNONTWN0
LOGOU$, "OU$ LEGOUSIN0 "OTAN KAMNWSIN:
POI=OU$:
"W$ 'OUDEN 'A=RA 'ESTIN "HDION TOU* "UGIAINEIN, 'ALLA= SFA$
<P 583D>
'ELELHQEI, PRIN KAMNEIN, "HDISTON 'ON.
MEMNHMAI, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N-KAI TWN PERIWDUNIA\ TINI 'ECOMENWN 'AKOUEI$ LEGONTWN0
"W$ 'OUDEN "HDION TOU* PAUSASQAI 'ODUNWMENON:
'AKOUW0.
KAI 'EN 'ALLOI$ GE 'OIMAI POLLOI$ TOIOUTOI$ 'AISQANHI0 GIGNOMENOU$
TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$, 'EN "OI$, "OTAN LUPWNTAI, TO MH
LUPEISQAI KAI THN "HSUCIAN TOU* TOIOUTOU 'EGKWMIAZOUSIN0 "W$
"HDISTON, 'OU TO CAIREIN.
TOUTO GAR, 'EFH, TO=TE "HDU 'ISW$ KAI 'AGAPHTON GIGNETAI,
"HSUCIA.
<P 583E>
KAI "OTAN PAUSHTAI 'A=RA, 'EIPON, CAIRWN TI$, "H TH$ "HDONH$
"HSUCIA LUPHRON 'ESTAI.
'ISW$, 'EFH.
"O= METAXU 'A=RA NUNDH 'AMFOTERWN 'EFAMEN 'EINAI, THN
"HSUCIAN, TOUTO POTE 'AMFO=TERA 'ESTAI, LUPH TE-KAI "HDONH.
'EOIKEN0.
'H*-KAI DUNATON TO MHDE=TERA 'ON 'AMFO=TERA GIGNESQAI:
'OU MOI DOKEI0.
KAI-MHN TO GE "HDU 'EN YUCHI GIGNOMENON KAI TO LUPHRON
KINHSI$ TI$ 'AMFOTERW 'ESTON0; 'H= 'OU=:
NAI.


<P 584A>
TO DE-MHTE LUPHRON MHTE "HDU 'OUCI "HSUCIA MENTOI-KAI
'EN MESWI TOUTOIN 'EFANH 'ARTI:
'EFANH GAR.
PW*$ 'OUN 'ORQW$ 'ESTI20 TO MH 'ALGEIN "HDU "HGEISQAI 'H= TO MH
CAIREIN 'ANIARON:
'OUDAMW$.
'OUK 'ESTIN 'A=RA TOUTO, 'ALLA= FAINETAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PARA
TO 'ALGEINON "HDU KAI PARA TO "HDU 'ALGEINON TO=TE "H "HSUCIA,
KAI 'OUDEN "UGIE$ TOUTWN TWN FANTASMATWN PRO$ "HDONH$
'ALHQEIAN, 'ALLA= GOHTEIA TI$.
"W$ GOUN "O LOGO$, 'EFH, SHMAINEI0.
<P 584B>
'IDE TOINUN, 'EFHN 'EGW, "HDONA$, "AI=4 'OUK 'EK LUPWN 'EISIN,
"INA MH POLLAKI$ 'OIHQHI$ 'EN TW*I PARONTI "OUTW TOUTO PEFUKENAI,
"HDONHN MEN PAULAN LUPH$ 'EINAI, LUPHN DE "HDONH$.
POU* DH, 'EFH, KAI POI=A$ LEGEI$:
POLLAI MEN, 'EIPON, KAI 'ALLAI, MALISTA D' 'EI 'QELEI$
'ENNOHSAI0 TA$ PERI= TA$ 'OSMA$ "HDONA$. "AUTAI GAR 'OU PROLUPHQENTI
'EXAIFNH$ 'AMHCANOI TO MEGEQO$ GIGNONTAI, PAUSAMENAI
TE LUPHN 'OUDEMIAN KATALEIPOUSIN0.
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH.
<P 584C>
MH-'A=RA PEIQWMEQA KAQARAN "HDONHN 'EINAI THN LUPH$
'APALLAGHN, MHDE LUPHN THN "HDONH$.
MH-GAR.
'ALLA=-MENTOI, 'EIPON, "AI GE DIA= TOU* SWMATO$ 'EPI THN
YUCHN TEINOUSAI KAI LEGOMENAI "HDONAI, SCEDON "AI PLEISTAI
TE-KAI MEGISTAI, TOUTOU TOU* 'EIDOU$ 'EISI, LUPWN TINE$
'APALLAGAI.
'EISI GAR.
'OUKOU*N-KAI "AI PRO MELLONTWN0 TOUTWN 'EK PROSDOKIA$
GIGNOMENAI PROHSQHSEI$ TE-KAI PROLUPHSEI$ KATA 'TAUTA
'ECOUSIN0:
KATA 'TAUTA.
<P 584D>
'OISQ' 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OIAI 'EISIN KAI "WI MALISTA 'EOIKASIN:
TW*I2: 'EFH.
NOMIZEI$ TI, 'EIPON, 'EN THI FUSEI 'EINAI TO MEN 'ANW, TO DE
KATW, TO DE MESON:
'EGWGE.
'OIEI 'OUN 'AN4 TINA 'EK TOU* KATW FEROMENON PRO$ MESON
'ALLO TI 'OIESQAI 'H= 'ANW FERESQAI: KAI 'EN MESWI STANTA,
'AFORWNTA "OQEN 'ENHNEKTAI, 'ALLOQI POU 'AN4 "HGEISQAI 'EINAI 'H=
'EN TW*I 'ANW, MH "EWRAKOTA TO 'ALHQW$ 'ANW:
MA DI=', 'OUK 'EGWGE, 'EFH, 'ALLW$ 'OIMAI 'OIHQHNAI 'AN4 TON
TOIOUTON.
<P 584E>
'ALL' 'EI PALIN G', 'EFHN, FEROITO, KATW T' 'AN4 'OIOITO
FERESQAI KAI 'ALHQH 'OIOITO:
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
'OUKOU*N TAUTA PASCOI 'AN4 PANTA DIA= TO MH 'EMPEIRO$ 'EINAI
TOU* 'ALHQINW$ 'ANW TE 'ONTO$ KAI 'EN MESWI KAI KATW:
DHLON DH.
QAUMAZOI$ 'AN4 'OUN 'EI KAI "OI 'APEIROI 'ALHQEIA$ PERI= POLLWN
TE 'ALLWN MH "UGIEI$ DOXA$ 'ECOUSIN0, PRO$ TE "HDONHN KAI LUPHN
KAI TO METAXU TOUTWN "OUTW DIAKEINTAI, "WSTE, "OTAN MEN 'EPI TO


<P 585A>
LUPHRON FERWNTAI, 'ALHQH TE 'OIONTAI KAI TW*I-'ONTI LUPOUNTAI,
"OTAN DE 'APO LUPH$ 'EPI TO METAXU, SFO=DRA MEN 'OIONTAI
PRO$ PLHRWSEI TE-KAI "HDONHI GIGNESQAI, "WSPER PRO$ MELAN
FAION 'APOSKOPOUNTE$ 'APEIRIA\ LEUKOU, KAI PRO$ TO 'ALUPON
"OUTW LUPHN 'AFORWNTE$ 'APEIRIA\ "HDONH$ 'APATWNTAI0:
MA DI=A, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'OUK 'AN4 QAUMASAIMI, 'ALLA= POLU MALLON,
'EI MH "OUTW$ 'ECEI0.
"WDE G'-'OUN, 'EIPON, 'ENNOEI5; 'OUCI PEINA KAI DIYA KAI TA
<P 585B>
TOIAUTA KENWSEI$ TINE$ 'EISIN TH$ PERI= TO SWMA "EXEW$:
TI= MHN:
'AGNOIA DE-KAI 'AFROSUNH 'A*R' 'OU KENOTH$ 'ESTI TH$ PERI=
YUCHN 'AU "EXEW$:
MALA GE.
'OUKOU*N PLHROIT' 'AN4 "O TE TROFH$ METALAMBANWN KAI "O
NOUN 'ISCWN:
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
PLHRWSI$ DE 'ALHQESTE=RA TOU* "HTTON 'H= TOU* MALLON
'ONTO$:
DHLON "OTI4 TOU* MALLON.
PO=TERA 'OUN "HGHI0 TA GENH MALLON KAQARA$ 'OUSIA$ METECEIN,
TA "OION SITOU TE-KAI POTOU KAI 'OYOU KAI SUMPASH$ TROFH$,
'H= TO DOXH$ TE 'ALHQOU$ 'EIDO$ KAI 'EPISTHMH$ KAI NOU* KAI
<P 585C>
SULLHBDHN 'AU PASH$ 'ARETH$: "WDE DE KRINE; TO TOU* 'AEI
"OMOIOU 'ECOMENON KAI 'AQANATOU KAI 'ALHQEIA$, KAI 'AUTO TOIOUTON
'ON KAI 'EN TOIOUTWI GIGNOMENON, MALLON 'EINAI SOI4 DOKEI0, 'H= TO
MHDEPOTE "OMOIOU KAI QNHTOU, KAI 'AUTO TOIOUTON KAI 'EN TOIOUTWI
GIGNOMENON:
POLU, 'EFH, DIAFEREI0 TO TOU* 'AEI "OMOIOU.
"H 'OUN 'AEI "OMOIOU 'OUSIA 'OUSIA$ TI MALLON 'H= 'EPISTHMH$
METECEI0:
'OUDAMW$.
TI= D': 'ALHQEIA$:
'OUDE TOUTO.
'EI DE 'ALHQEIA$ "HTTON, 'OU-KAI 'OUSIA$:
'ANAGKH.
<P 585D>
'OUKOU*N "OLW$ TA PERI= THN TOU* SWMATO$ QERAPEIAN GENH
TWN GENWN 'AU TWN PERI= THN TH$ YUCH$ QERAPEIAN "HTTON
'ALHQEIA$ TE-KAI 'OUSIA$ METECEI0:
POLU GE.
SWMA DE 'AUTO YUCH$ 'OUK 'OIEI "OUTW$:
'EGWGE.
'OUKOU*N TO TWN MALLON 'ONTWN0 PLHROUMENON KAI 'AUTO
MALLON 'ON 'ONTW$ MALLON PLHROUTAI 'H= TO TWN "HTTON 'ONTWN0
KAI 'AUTO "HTTON 'ON:
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
'EI 'A=RA TO PLHROUSQAI TWN FUSEI PROSHKONTWN0 "HDU 'ESTI,
TO TW*I-'ONTI KAI TWN 'ONTWN0 PLHROUMENON MALLON MALLON
<P 585E>
'ONTW$ TE-KAI 'ALHQESTERW$ CAIREIN 'AN4 POIOI* "HDONHI 'ALHQEI,
TO DE TWN "HTTON 'ONTWN0 METALAMBANON "HTTON TE 'AN4 'ALHQW$
KAI BEBAIW$ PLHROITO KAI 'APISTOTERA$ 'AN4 "HDONH$ KAI "HTTON
'ALHQOU$ METALAMBANOI.
'ANAGKAIOTATA, 'EFH.


<P 586A>
"OI 'A=RA FRONHSEW$ KAI 'ARETH$ 'APEIROI, 'EUWCIAI$ DE-KAI
TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ 'AEI SUNONTE$, KATW, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, KAI MECRI PALIN
PRO$ TO METAXU FERONTAI TE-KAI TAUTHI PLANWNTAI0 DIA= BIOU,
"UPERBANTE$ DE TOUTO PRO$ TO 'ALHQW$ 'ANW 'OUTE 'ANEBLEYAN
PWPOTE 'OUTE 'HNECQHSAN, 'OUDE TOU* 'ONTO$ TW*I-'ONTI 'EPLHRWQHSAN,
'OUDE BEBAIOU TE-KAI KAQARA$ "HDONH$ 'EGEUSANTO, 'ALLA=
BOSKHMATWN DIKHN KATW 'AEI BLEPONTE$ KAI KEKUFOTE$ 'EI$
GHN KAI 'EI$ TRAPEZA$ BOSKONTAI CORTAZOMENOI KAI 'OCEUONTE$,
<P 586B>
KAI "ENEKA TH$ TOUTWN PLEONEXIA$ LAKTIZONTE$ KAI KURITTONTE$
'ALLHLOU$ SIDHROI$ KERASI TE-KAI "OPLAI$ 'APOKTEINUASI DI'
'APLHSTIAN, "ATE 'OUCI TOI$ 'OUSIN 'OUDE TO 'ON 'OUDE TO STEGON
"EAUTWN PIMPLANTE$.
PANTELW$, 'EFH "O GLAUKWN, TON TWN POLLWN, 'W* SWKRATE$,
CRHSMWIDEI$ BION.
'A*R'-'OUN 'OUK 'ANAGKH KAI "HDONAI$ SUNEINAI MEMEIGMENAI$
LUPAI$, 'EIDWLOI$ TH$ 'ALHQOU$ "HDONH$ KAI 'ESKIAGRAFHMENAI$,
<P 586C>
"UPO TH$ PAR' 'ALLHLA$ QESEW$ 'APOCRAINOMENAI$, "WSTE SFODROU$
"EKATERA$ FAINESQAI, KAI 'ERWTA$ "EAUTWN LUTTWNTA$
TOI$ 'AFROSIN 'ENTIKTEIN KAI PERIMACHTOU$ 'EINAI, "WSPER TO
TH$ "ELENH$ 'EIDWLON "UPO TWN 'EN TROIA\ STHSICORO$ FHSI
GENESQAI PERIMACHTON 'AGNOIA\ TOU* 'ALHQOU$:
POLLH 'ANAGKH, 'EFH, TOIOUTON TI 'AUTO 'EINAI.
TI= DE: PERI= TO QUMOEIDE$ 'OUC "E=TERA TOIAUTA 'ANAGKH
GIGNESQAI, "O$4 'AN4 'AUTO TOUTO DIAPRATTHTAI 'H= FQONWI DIA=
FILOTIMIAN 'H= BIA\ DIA= FILONIKIAN 'H= QUMWI DIA= DUSKOLIAN,
<P 586D>
PLHSMONHN TIMH$ TE-KAI NIKH$ KAI QUMOU DIWKWN 'ANEU
LOGISMOU TE-KAI NOU:
TOIAUTA, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'ANAGKH KAI PERI= TOUTO 'EINAI.
TI= 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; QARROUNTE$ LEGWMEN "OTI4 KAI PERI= TO
FILOKERDE$ KAI TO FILONIKON "OSAI 'EPIQUMIAI 'EISIN, "AI=4 MEN
'AN4 THI 'EPISTHMHI KAI LOGWI "EPOMENAI KAI META TOUTWN TA$
"HDONA$ DIWKOUSAI, "A$ 'AN4 TO FRONIMON 'EXHGHTAI, LAMBANWSI,
TA$ 'ALHQESTATA$ TE LHYONTAI, "W$ "OION-TE 'AUTAI$ 'ALHQEI$
<P 586E>
LABEIN, "ATE 'ALHQEIA\ "EPOMENWN, KAI TA$ "EAUTWN 'OIKEIA$, 'EIPER
TO BELTISTON "EKASTWI, TOUTO KAI 'OIKEIOTATON:
'ALLA=-MHN, 'EFH, 'OIKEIOTATON GE.
TW*I FILOSOFWI 'A=RA "EPOMENH$ "APASH$ TH$ YUCH$ KAI MH
STASIAZOUSH$ "EKASTWI TW*I MEREI "UPARCEI0 'EI$ TE 'TALLA TA
"EAUTOU PRATTEIN KAI DIKAIWI 'EINAI, KAI-DH-KAI TA$ "HDONA$ TA$
"EAUTOU "EKASTON KAI TA$ BELTISTA$ KAI 'EI$ TO DUNATON TA$


<P 587A>
'ALHQESTATA$ KARPOUSQAI.
KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN.
"OTAN DE-'A=RA TWN "ETERWN TI KRATHSHI6, "UPARCEI0 'AUTWI
MHTE THN "EAUTOU "HDONHN 'EXEURISKEIN, TA TE 'A=LL'0 'ANAGKAZEIN
'ALLOTRIAN KAI MH 'ALHQH "HDONHN DIWKEIN.
"OUTW$, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N "A PLEISTON FILOSOFIA$ TE-KAI LOGOU 'AFESTHKEN0,
MALIST' 'AN4 TOIAUTA 'EXERGAZOITO:
POLU GE.
PLEISTON DE LOGOU 'AFISTATAI 'OUC "OPER NOMOU TE-KAI
TAXEW$:
DHLON DH.
'EFANHSAN DE PLEISTON 'AFESTWSAI 'OUC "AI 'ERWTIKAI TE-KAI
<P 587B>
TURANNIKAI 'EPIQUMIAI:
POLU GE.
'ELACISTON DE "AI BASILIKAI TE-KAI KOSMIAI:
NAI.
PLEISTON DH 'OIMAI 'ALHQOU$ "HDONH$ KAI 'OIKEIA$ "O TURANNO$
'AFESTHXEI2, "O DE 'OLIGISTON.
'ANAGKH.
KAI 'AHDESTATA 'A=RA, 'EIPON, "O TURANNO$ BIWSETAI, "O DE
BASILEU$ "HDISTA.
POLLH 'ANAGKH.
'OISQ' 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OSWI 'AHDESTERON ZHI0 TURANNO$
BASILEW$:
'AN2 'EIPHI$ 'EFH.
TRIWN "HDONWN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'OUSWN, MIA$ MEN GNHSIA$, DUOIN
<P 587C>
DE NOQAIN, TWN NOQWN 'EI$ TO 'EPEKEINA "UPERBA$ "O TURANNO$,
FUGWN NOMON TE-KAI LOGON, DOULAI$ TISI DORUFOROI$ "HDONAI$
SUNOIKEI0, KAI "OPOSWI 'ELATTOUTAI 'OUDE PANU "RA\DION 'EIPEIN,
PLHN 'ISW$ "WDE.
PW*$: 'EFH.
'APO TOU* 'OLIGARCIKOU TRITO$ POU "O TURANNO$ 'AFEISTHKEI;
'EN MESWI GAR 'AUTWN "O DHMOTIKO$ 'H*N.
NAI.
'OUKOU*N-KAI "HDONH$ TRITWI 'EIDWLWI PRO$ 'ALHQEIAN 'AP'
'EKEINOU SUNOIKOI 'AN4, 'EI TA PROSQEN 'ALHQH:
"OUTW.
"O DE-GE 'OLIGARCIKO$ 'APO TOU* BASILIKOU 'AU TRITO$, 'EA=N
<P 587D>
'EI$ 'TAUTON 'ARISTOKRATIKON KAI BASILIKON TIQWMEN.
TRITO$ GAR.
TRIPLASIOU 'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TRIPLASION 'ARIQMWI 'ALHQOU$
"HDONH$ 'AFESTHKEN0 TURANNO$.
FAINETAI.
'EPIPEDON 'A=R', 'EFHN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, TO 'EIDWLON KATA TON TOU*
MHKOU$ 'ARIQMON "HDONH$ TURANNIKH$ 'AN4 'EIH.
KOMIDHI GE.
KATA DE DUNAMIN KAI TRITHN 'AUXHN DHLON DH 'APOSTASIN
"OSHN 'AFESTHKW$ GIGNETAI.
DHLON, 'EFH, TW*I GE LOGISTIKWI.
'OUKOU*N 'EA=N TI$ METASTREYA$ 'ALHQEIA\ "HDONH$ TON BASILEA
<P 587E>
TOU* TURANNOU 'AFESTHKOTA LEGHI5 "OSON 'AFESTHKEN0, 'ENNEAKAIEIKOSIKAIEPTAKOSIOPLASIAKI$
"HDION 'AUTON ZWNTA "EURHSEI2
TELEIWQEISHI THI POLLAPLASIWSEI, TON DE TURANNON 'ANIAROTERON
THI 'AUTHI TAUTHI 'APOSTASEI.
'AMHCANON, 'EFH, LOGISMON KATAPEFORHKA$ TH$ DIAFOROTHTO$


<P 588A>
TOIN 'ANDROIN, TOU* TE DIKAIOU KAI TOU* 'ADIKOU, PRO$
"HDONHN TE-KAI LUPHN.
KAI-MENTOI-KAI 'ALHQH KAI PROSHKONTA GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW,
BIOI$ 'ARIQMON, 'EIPER 'AUTOI$ PROSHKOUSIN0 "HMERAI KAI NUKTE$
KAI MHNE$ KAI 'ENIAUTOI.
'ALLA=-MHN, 'EFH, PROSHKOUSIN0.
'OUKOU*N 'EI TOSOUTON "HDONHI NIKA*I0 "O 'AGAQO$ TE-KAI
DIKAIO$ TON KAKON TE-KAI 'ADIKON, 'AMHCANWI DH "OSWI
PLEIONI NIKHSEI2 'EUSCHMOSUNHI TE BIOU KAI KALLEI KAI
'ARETHI:
'AMHCANWI MENTOI NH DI=A, 'EFH.
<P 588B>
'EIEN DH, 'EIPON; 'EPEIDH 'ENTAUQA LOGOU GEGONAMEN, 'ANALABWMEN
TA PRWTA LECQENTA, DI' "A DEUR' "HKOMEN. 'H*N DE-POU
LEGOMENON LUSITELEIN0 'ADIKEIN TW*I TELEW$ MEN 'ADIKWI, DOXAZOMENWI
DE DIKAIWI; 'H= 'OUC "OUTW$ 'ELECQH:
"OUTW MEN-'OUN.
NU*N DH, 'EFHN, 'AUTWI DIALEGWMEQA, 'EPEIDH DIWMOLOGHSAMEQA
TO TE 'ADIKEIN KAI TO DI=KAIA PRATTEIN "HN "EKATERON 'ECEI0
DUNAMIN.
PW*$: 'EFH.
'EIKONA PLASANTE$ TH$ YUCH$ LOGWI, "INA 'EIDHI5 "O 'EKEINA
LEGWN "OI*A 'ELEGEN.
<P 588C>
POI=AN TINA: 'H*-D'-"O$.
TWN TOIOUTWN TINA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OIAI MUQOLOGOUNTAI PALAIAI
GENESQAI FUSEI$, "H TE CIMAIRA$ KAI "H SKULLH$ KAI KERBEROU,
KAI 'ALLAI TINE$ SUCNAI LEGONTAI SUMPEFUKUIAI 'IDEAI
POLLAI 'EI$ "EN GENESQAI.
LEGONTAI GAR, 'EFH.
PLATTE TOINUN MIAN MEN 'IDEAN QHRIOU POIKILOU KAI POLUKEFALOU,
"HMERWN DE QHRIWN 'ECONTO$ KEFALA$ KUKLWI KAI
'AGRIWN, KAI DUNATOU METABALLEIN KAI FUEIN 'EX "AUTOU PANTA
TAUTA.
<P 588D>
DEINOU PLASTOU, 'EFH, TO 'ERGON; "OMW$ DE, 'EPEIDH 'EUPLASTOTERON
KHROU KAI TWN TOIOUTWN LOGO$, PEPLASQW.
MIAN DH-TOINUN 'ALLHN 'IDEAN LEONTO$, MIAN DE 'ANQRWPOU;
POLU DE MEGISTON 'ESTW TO PRWTON KAI DEUTERON TO
DEUTERON.
TAUTA, 'EFH, "RA\W, KAI PEPLASTAI.
SUNAPTE TOINUN 'AUTA 'EI$ "EN TRIA 'ONTA, "WSTE PHI SUMPEFUKENAI
'ALLHLOI$.
SUNHPTAI, 'EFH.
PERIPLASON2 DH 'AUTOI$ 'EXWQEN "ENO$ 'EIKONA, THN TOU*
'ANQRWPOU, "WSTE TW*I MH DUNAMENWI TA 'ENTO$ "ORAN, 'ALLA= TO
<P 588E>
'EXW MONON 'ELUTRON "ORWNTI, "EN ZWION FAINESQAI, 'ANQRWPON.
PERIPEPLASTAI, 'EFH.
LEGWMEN DH TW*I LEGONTI "W$ LUSITELEI0 TOUTWI 'ADIKEIN TW*I
'ANQRWPWI, DI=KAIA DE PRATTEIN 'OU SUMFEREI0, "OTI4 'OUDEN 'ALLO
FHSIN 'H= LUSITELEIN0 'AUTWI TO PANTODAPON QHRION 'EUWCOUNTI
POIEIN 'ISCURON KAI TON LEONTA KAI TA PERI= TON LEONTA, TON


<P 589A>
DE 'ANQRWPON LIMOKTONEIN KAI POIEIN 'ASQENH, "WSTE "ELKESQAI
"OPHI 'AN4 'EKEINWN "OPOTERON 'AGHI5, KAI MHDEN "ETERON "ETERWI
SUNEQIZEIN MHDE FILON POIEIN, 'ALL' 'EA*N 'AUTA 'EN "AUTOI$
DAKNESQAI TE-KAI MACOMENA 'ESQIEIN 'ALLHLA.
PANTAPASI GAR, 'EFH, TAUT' 'AN4 LEGOI "O TO 'ADIKEIN 'EPAINWN.
'OUKOU*N 'AU "O TA DI=KAIA LEGWN LUSITELEIN0 FAIH 'AN4 DEIN
TAUTA PRATTEIN KAI TAUTA LEGEIN, "OQEN TOU* 'ANQRWPOU "O 'ENTO$
<P 589B>
'ANQRWPO$ 'ESTAI 'EGKRATESTATO$, KAI TOU* POLUKEFALOU QREMMATO$
'EPIMELHSETAI "WSPER GEWRGO$, TA MEN "H=MERA TREFWN
KAI TIQASEUWN, TA DE 'A=GRIA 'APOKWLUWN FUESQAI, SUMMACON
POIHSAMENO$ THN TOU* LEONTO$ FUSIN, KAI KOINHI PANTWN
KHDOMENO$, FILA POIHSAMENO$ 'ALLHLOI$ TE-KAI "AUTWI, "OUTW
QREYEI2:
KOMIDHI GAR 'AU LEGEI0 TAUTA "O TO DIKAION 'EPAINWN.
KATA PANTA TROPON DH "O MEN TA DI=KAIA 'EGKWMIAZWN 'ALHQH
<P 589C>
'AN4 LEGOI, "O DE TA 'ADIKA YEUDOITO. PRO$ TE-GAR "HDONHN
KAI PRO$ 'EUDOXIAN KAI 'WFELIAN SKOPOUMENWI "O MEN 'EPAINETH$
TOU* DIKAIOU 'ALHQEUEI0, "O DE YEKTH$ 'OUDEN "UGIE$ 'OUD' 'EIDW$
YEGEI0 "OTI2 YEGEI0.
'OU MOI DOKEI0, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'OUDAMHI GE.
PEIQWMEN TOINUN 'AUTON PRA\W$ % 'OU-GAR "EKWN "AMARTANEI0 %
'ERWTWNTE$; 'W* MAKARIE, 'OU-KAI TA KALA KAI 'AISCRA NOMIMA
DIA= TA TOIAUT' 'AN4 FAIMEN GEGONENAI; TA MEN KALA TA "UPO
<P 589D>
TW*I 'ANQRWPWI, MALLON DE 'ISW$ TA "UPO TW*I QEIWI TA QHRIWDH
POIOUNTA TH$ FUSEW$, 'AISCRA DE TA "UPO TW*I 'AGRIWI TO "HMERON
DOULOUMENA: SUMFHSEI2; 'H= PW*$:
'EA=N MOI, 'EFH, PEIQHTAI.
'ESTIN 'OUN, 'EIPON, "OTWI LUSITELEI0 'EK TOUTOU TOU* LOGOU
CRUSION LAMBANEIN 'ADIKW$, 'EIPER TOIONDE TI GIGNETAI, LAMBANWN
TO CRUSION "AMA KATADOULOUTAI TO BELTISTON "EAUTOU
<P 589E>
TW*I MOCQHROTATWI: 'H= 'EI MEN LABWN CRUSION "UON 'H= QUGATERA
'EDOULOUTO, KAI TAUT' 'EI$ 'AGRIWN TE-KAI KAKWN 'ANDRWN, 'OUK
'AN4 'AUTWI 'ELUSITELEI 'OUD' 'AN4 PAMPOLU 'EPI TOUTWI LAMBANEIN,
'EI DE TO "EAUTOU QEIOTATON "UPO TW*I 'AQEWTATWI TE-KAI MIARWTATWI
DOULOUTAI KAI MHDEN 'ELEEI0, 'OUK-'A=RA 'AQLIO$ 'ESTI KAI POLU


<P 590A>
'EPI DEINOTERWI 'OLEQRWI CRUSON DWRODOKEI0 'H= 'ERIFULH 'EPI THI
TOU* 'ANDRO$ YUCHI TON "ORMON DEXAMENH:
POLU MENTOI, 'H*-D'-"O$ "O GLAUKWN; 'EGW GAR SOI4 "UPER
'EKEINOU 'APOKRINOUMAI.
'OUKOU*N-KAI TO 'AKOLASTAINEIN 'OIEI DIA= TOIAUTA PALAI
YEGESQAI, "OTI4 'ANIETAI 'EN TW*I TOIOUTWI TO DEINON, TO MEGA
'EKEINO KAI POLUEIDE$ QREMMA, PERA TOU* DEONTO$:
DHLON, 'EFH.
"H D' 'AUQADEIA KAI DUSKOLIA YEGETAI 'OUC "OTAN TO LEONTWDE$
<P 590B>
TE-KAI 'OFEWDE$ 'AUXHTAI KAI SUNTEINHTAI 'ANARMOSTW$:
PANU MEN-'OUN.
TRUFH DE-KAI MALQAKIA 'OUK 'EPI THI 'AUTOU4 TOUTOU CALASEI
TE-KAI 'ANESEI YEGETAI, "OTAN 'EN 'AUTWI DEILIAN 'EMPOIHI5:
TI= MHN:
KOLAKEIA DE-KAI 'ANELEUQERIA 'OUC "OTAN TI$ TO 'AUTO TOUTO,
TO QUMOEIDE$, "UPO TW*I 'OCLWDEI QHRIWI POIHI5 KAI "ENEKA CRHMATWN
KAI TH$ 'EKEINOU 'APLHSTIA$ PROPHLAKIZOMENON 'EQIZHI5
'EK NEOU 'ANTI LEONTO$ PIQHKON GIGNESQAI:
<P 590C>
KAI MALA, 'EFH.
BANAUSIA DE-KAI CEIROTECNIA DIA= TI= 'OIEI 'ONEIDO$ FEREI0:
'H= DI' 'ALLO TI FHSOMEN 'H= "OTAN TI$ 'ASQENE$ FUSEI 'ECHI5 TO TOU*
BELTISTOU 'EIDO$, "WSTE MH 'AN4 DUNASQAI 'ARCEIN TWN 'EN "AUTWI
QREMMATWN, 'ALLA= QERAPEUEIN 'EKEINA, KAI TA QWPEUMATA 'AUTWN
MONON DUNHTAI MANQANEIN:
'EOIKEN0, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N "INA KAI "O TOIOUTO$ "UPO "OMOIOU 'ARCHTAI "OIOUPER "O
BELTISTO$, DOULON 'AUTON FAMEN DEIN 'EINAI 'EKEINOU TOU* BELTISTOU
<P 590D>
KAI 'ECONTO$ 'EN "AUTWI TO QEION 'ARCON, 'OUK 'EPI BLABHI
THI TOU* DOULOU 'OIOMENOI DEIN 'ARCESQAI 'AUTON, "WSPER QRASUMACO$
'WIETO TOU$ 'ARCOMENOU$, 'ALL' "W$ 'AMEINON 'ON PANTI "UPO
QEIOU KAI FRONIMOU 'ARCESQAI, MALISTA MEN 'OIKEION 'ECONTO$
'EN "AUTWI, 'EI DE MH, 'EXWQEN 'EFESTWTO$, "INA 'EI$ DUNAMIN PANTE$
"OMOIOI 'WMEN KAI FILOI, TW*I 'AUTWI KUBERNWMENOI:
KAI 'ORQW$ G', 'EFH.
<P 590E>
DHLOI0 DE-GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI "O NOMO$ "OTI4 TOIOUTON BOULETAI,
PASI TOI$ 'EN THI POLEI SUMMACO$ 'WN; KAI "H TWN
PAIDWN 'ARCH, TO MH 'EA*N 'ELEUQEROU$ 'EINAI, "EW$ 'AN4 'EN 'AUTOI$
"WSPER 'EN POLEI POLITEIAN KATASTHSWMEN, KAI TO BELTISTON


<P 591A>
QERAPEUSANTE$ TW*I PAR' "HMIN TOIOUTWI 'ANTIKATASTHSWMEN
FULAKA "OMOION KAI 'ARCONTA 'EN 'AUTWI, KAI TO=TE DH 'ELEUQERON
'AFIEMEN.
DHLOI0 GAR, 'H*-D'-"O$.
PH*I DH-'OUN FHSOMEN, 'W* GLAUKWN, KAI KATA TI=NA LOGON
LUSITELEIN0 'ADIKEIN, 'H= 'AKOLASTAINEIN 'H= TI 'AISCRON POIEIN, 'EX
"WN PONHROTERO$ MEN 'ESTAI, PLEIW DE CRHMATA 'H= 'ALLHN TINA
DUNAMIN KEKTHSETAI:
'OUDAMHI, 'H*-D'-"O$.
PH*I D' 'ADIKOUNTA LANQANEIN KAI MH DIDONAI DIKHN LUSITELEIN0:
<P 591B>
'H= 'OUCI "O MEN LANQANWN 'ETI PONHROTERO$ GIGNETAI, TOU*
DE MH LANQANONTO$ KAI KOLAZOMENOU TO MEN QHRIWDE$ KOIMIZETAI
KAI "HMEROUTAI, TO DE "HMERON 'ELEUQEROUTAI, KAI "OLH "H
YUCH 'EI$ THN BELTISTHN FUSIN KAQISTAMENH TIMIWTERAN "EXIN
LAMBANEI0, SWFROSUNHN TE-KAI DIKAIOSUNHN META FRONHSEW$
KTWMENH, 'H= SWMA 'ISCUN TE-KAI KALLO$ META "UGIEIA$ LAMBANON,
TOSOUTWI "OSWIPER YUCH SWMATO$ TIMIWTE=RA:
PANTAPASIN MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
<P 591C>
'OUKOU*N "O GE NOUN 'ECWN PANTA TA "AUTOU 'EI$ TOUTO SUNTEINA$
BIWSETAI, PRWTON MEN TA MAQHMATA TIMWN, "A TOIAUTHN
'AUTOU4 THN YUCHN 'APERGASETAI, TA DE 'A=LLA 'ATIMAZWN:
DHLON, 'EFH.
'EPEITA G', 'EIPON, THN TOU* SWMATO$ "EXIN KAI TROFHN 'OUC
"OPW$ THI QHRIWDEI KAI 'ALOGWI "HDONHI 'EPITREYA$ 'ENTAUQA TETRAMMENO$
ZHSEI2, 'ALL'-'OUDE PRO$ "UGIEIAN BLEPWN, 'OUDE TOUTO
PRESBEUWN, "OPW$ 'ISCURO$ 'H= "UGIH$ 'H= KALO$ 'ESTAI, 'EA=N MH
<P 591D>
KAI SWFRONHSEIN MELLHI5 'AP' 'AUTWN, 'ALL' 'AEI THN 'EN TW*I
SWMATI "ARMONIAN TH$ 'EN THI YUCHI "ENEKA SUMFWNIA$ "ARMOTTOMENO$
FANEITAI.
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN, 'EFH, 'EANPER MELLHI5 THI 'ALHQEIA\
MOUSIKO$ 'EINAI.
'OUKOU*N, 'EIPON, KAI THN 'EN THI TWN CRHMATWN KTHSEI SUNTAXIN
TE-KAI SUMFWNIAN: KAI TON 'OGKON TOU* PLHQOU$ 'OUK
'EKPLHTTOMENO$ "UPO TOU* TWN POLLWN MAKARISMOU 'APEIRON
'AUXHSEI2, 'APERANTA KAKA 'ECWN:
'OUK 'OIOMAI, 'EFH.
<P 591E>
'ALL' 'APOBLEPWN GE, 'EIPON, PRO$ THN 'EN "AUTWI POLITEIAN,
KAI FULATTWN MH TI PARAKINHI5 "AUTOU TWN 'EKEI DIA= PLHQO$
'OUSIA$ 'H= DI' 'OLIGOTHTA, "OUTW$ KUBERNWN PROSQHSEI2 KAI
'ANALWSEI2 TH$ 'OUSIA$ KAQ' "OSON 'AN4 "OIO$-T'-'HI.
KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.


<P 592A>
'ALLA=-MHN-KAI TIMA$ GE, 'EI$ 'TAUTON 'APOBLEPWN, TWN MEN
MEQEXEI2 KAI GEUSETAI "EKWN, "A$ 'AN4 "HGHTAI 'AMEINW "AUTON
POIHSEIN, "A$ D' 'AN4 LUSEIN THN "UPARCOUSAN "EXIN, FEUXETAI
'IDIA\ KAI DHMOSIA\.
'OUK-'A=RA, 'EFH, TA GE POLITIKA 'EQELHSEI2 PRATTEIN 'EANPER
TOUTOU KHDHTAI.
NH TON KUNA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EN GE THI "EAUTOU POLEI KAI MALA,
'OU-MENTOI 'ISW$ 'EN GE THI PATRIDI, 'EA=N MH QEI=A TI$ SUMBHI6
TUCH.
MANQANW0, 'EFH; 'EN "HI NU*N DIHLQOMEN 'OIKIZONTE$ POLEI
LEGEI$, THI 'EN LOGOI$ KEIMENHI, 'EPEI GH$ GE 'OUDAMOU 'OIMAI
<P 592B>
'AUTHN 'EINAI.
'ALL', 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EN 'OURANWI 'ISW$ PARADEIGMA 'ANAKEITAI
TW*I BOULOMENWI "ORAN KAI "ORWNTI "EAUTON KATOIKIZEIN. DIAFEREI0
DE 'OUDEN 'EI=TE-POU 'ESTIN 'EI=TE 'ESTAI; TA GAR TAUTH$ MONH$ 'AN4
PRAXEIEN, 'ALLH$ DE 'OUDEMIA$.
'EIKO$ G', 'EFH.


<B REP10>


<P 595A>
KAI-MHN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, POLLA MEN-KAI 'A=LLA PERI= 'AUTH$
'ENNOW0, "W$ PANTO$ 'A=RA MALLON 'ORQW$ 'WIKIZOMEN THN POLIN,
'OUC "HKISTA DE 'ENQUMHQEI$ PERI= POIHSEW$ LEGW0.
TO POI*ON: 'EFH.
TO MHDAMHI PARADECESQAI 'AUTH$ "OSH MIMHTIKH; PANTO$
GAR MALLON 'OU PARADEKTEA NU*N KAI 'ENARGESTERON, "W$ 'EMOI4
DOKEI0, FAINETAI, 'EPEIDH CWRI$ "EKASTA DIHIRHTAI TA TH$ YUCH$
<P 595B>
'EIDH.
PW*$ LEGEI$:
"W$ MEN PRO$ "UMA$ 'EIRHSQAI % 'OU-GAR MOU KATEREITE2 PRO$
TOU$ TH$ TRAGWIDIA$ POIHTA$ KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ "APANTA$ TOU$
MIMHTIKOU$ % LWBH 'EOIKEN0 'EINAI PANTA TA TOIAUTA TH$ TWN
'AKOUONTWN0 DIANOIA$, "OSOI MH 'ECOUSI0 FARMAKON TO 'EIDENAI
'AUTA "OI*A TUGCANEI0 'ONTA.
PH*I DH, 'EFH, DIANOOUMENO$ LEGEI$:
"RHTEON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; KAITOI FILIA GE TI$ ME KAI 'AIDW$ 'EK
PAIDO$ 'ECOUSA PERI= "OMHROU 'APOKWLUEI0 LEGEIN. 'EOIKE0 MEN-GAR
<P 595C>
TWN KALWN "APANTWN TOUTWN TWN TRAGIKWN PRWTO$ DIDASKALO$
TE-KAI "HGEMWN GENESQAI. 'ALL'-'OU-GAR PRO GE TH$
'ALHQEIA$ TIMHTEO$ 'ANHR, 'ALL', "O= LEGW0, "RHTEON.
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
'AKOUE DH, MALLON DE 'APOKRINOU.
'ERWTA.
MIMHSIN "OLW$ 'ECOI$ 'AN4 MOI 'EIPEIN "OTI2 POT' 'ESTIN: 'OUDE-GAR-TOI
'AUTO$ PANU TI SUNNOW0 TI= BOULETAI 'EINAI.
'H*-POU-'A=R', 'EFH, 'EGW SUNNOHSW2.
'OUDEN GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ATOPON, 'EPEI POLLA TOI 'OXUTERON


<P 596A>
BLEPONTWN0 'AMBLUTERON "ORWNTE$ PROTEROI 'EIDON.
'ESTIN, 'EFH, "OUTW$; 'ALLA= SOU4 PARONTO$ 'OUD' 'AN4 PROQUMHQHNAI
"OIO$-TE-'EIHN 'EIPEIN, 'EI TI MOI KATAFAINETAI, 'ALL'
'AUTO$ "ORA.
BOULEI 'OUN 'ENQENDE 'ARXWMEQA 'EPISKOPOUNTE$, 'EK TH$
'EIWQUIA$ MEQODOU: 'EIDO$ GAR-POU TI "EN "EKASTON 'EIWQAMEN
TIQESQAI PERI= "EKASTA TA POLLA, "OI$ 'TAUTON 'ONOMA 'EPIFEROMEN.
'H= 'OU MANQANEI$:
MANQANW0.
QWMEN DH-KAI NU*N "OTI2 BOULEI TWN POLLWN. "OION, 'EI
<P 596B>
'QELEI$, POLLAI POU 'EISI KLINAI KAI TRAPEZAI.
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
'ALLA= 'IDEAI GE-POU PERI= TAUTA TA SKEUH DUO, MIA MEN
KLINH$, MIA DE TRAPEZH$.
NAI.
'OUKOU*N-KAI 'EIWQAMEN LEGEIN "OTI4 "O DHMIOURGO$ "EKATEROU
TOU* SKEUOU$ PRO$ THN 'IDEAN BLEPWN "OUTW POIEI0 "O MEN TA$
KLINA$, "O DE TA$ TRAPEZA$, "AI$ "HMEI$ CRWMEQA0, KAI 'TALLA
KATA 'TAUTA: 'OU-GAR-POU THN GE 'IDEAN 'AUTHN DHMIOURGEI0
'OUDEI$ TWN DHMIOURGWN; PW*$ GAR:
'OUDAMW$.
'ALL' "ORA DH-KAI TONDE TI=NA KALEI$0 TON DHMIOURGON.
<P 596C>
TON POI*ON:
"O$4 PANTA POIEI0, "OSAPER "EI$ "EKASTO$ TWN CEIROTECNWN.
DEINON TINA LEGEI$ KAI QAUMASTON 'ANDRA.
'OUPW GE, 'ALLA= TACA MALLON FHSEI$. "O 'AUTO$ GAR "OUTO$
CEIROTECNH$ 'OU MONON PANTA "OIO$-TE SKEUH POIHSAI0, 'ALLA=-KAI
TA 'EK TH$ GH$ FUOMENA "APANTA POIEI0 KAI ZWIA PANTA
'ERGAZETAI, TA TE 'A=LLA KAI "EAUTON, KAI PRO$ TOUTOI$ GHN KAI
'OURANON KAI QEOU$ KAI PANTA TA 'EN 'OURANWI KAI TA 'EN "AIDOU
"UPO GH$ "APANTA 'ERGAZETAI.
<P 596D>
PANU QAUMASTON, 'EFH, LEGEI$ SOFISTHN.
'APISTEI$: 'H*N-D'-'EGW. KAI MOI 'EIPE=, TO PARAPAN 'OUK 'AN4
SOI4 DOKEI0 'EINAI TOIOUTO$ DHMIOURGO$, 'H= TINI MEN TROPWI GENESQAI
'AN4 TOUTWN "APANTWN POIHTH$, TINI DE 'OUK 'AN4: 'H= 'OUK
'AISQANHI0 "OTI4 'KAN4 'AUTO$ "OIO$-T'-'EIH$ PANTA TAUTA POIHSAI0
TROPWI GE TINI:
KAI TI=$, 'EFH, "O TROPO$ "OUTO$:
'OU CALEPO$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ALLA= POLLACHI KAI TACU DHMIOURGOUMENO$,
TACISTA DE-POU, 'EI 'QELEI$ LABWN KATOPTRON
<P 596E>
PERIFEREIN PANTACHI; TACU MEN "HLION POIHSEI$ KAI TA 'EN TW*I
'OURANWI, TACU DE GHN, TACU DE SAUTON TE-KAI 'TALLA ZWIA KAI
SKEUH KAI FUTA KAI PANTA "OSA NUNDH 'ELEGETO.
NAI, 'EFH, FAINOMENA, 'OU-MENTOI 'ONTA GE-POU THI 'ALHQEIA\.
KALW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KAI 'EI$ DEON 'ERCHI0 TW*I LOGWI. TWN
TOIOUTWN GAR 'OIMAI DHMIOURGWN KAI "O ZWGRAFO$ 'ESTIN.
'H*-GAR:
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
'ALLA= FHSEI$ 'OUK 'ALHQH 'OIMAI 'AUTON POIEIN "A POIEI0.
KAITOI TROPWI GE TINI KAI "O ZWGRAFO$ KLINHN POIEI0; 'H= 'OU=:
NAI, 'EFH, FAINOMENHN GE-KAI "OUTO$.


<P 597A>
TI= DE "O KLINOPOIO$: 'OUK 'ARTI MENTOI 'ELEGE$ "OTI4 'OU TO
'EIDO$ POIEI0, "O= DH FAMEN 'EINAI "O= 'ESTI KLINH, 'ALLA= KLINHN TINA:
'ELEGON GAR.
'OUKOU*N 'EI MH "O= 'ESTIN POIEI0, 'OUK 'AN4 TO 'ON POIOI*, 'ALLA= TI
TOIOUTON "OION TO 'ON, 'ON DE 'OU=; TELEW$ DE 'EINAI 'ON TO TOU*
KLINOURGOU 'ERGON 'H= 'ALLOU TINO$ CEIROTECNOU 'EI TI$ FAIH,
KINDUNEUEI0 'OUK 'AN4 'ALHQH LEGEIN:
'OU=KOUN, 'EFH, "W$ G' 'AN4 DOXEIEN TOI$ PERI= TOU$ TOIOUSDE
LOGOU$ DIATRIBOUSIN4.
MHDEN 'A=RA QAUMAZWMEN 'EI KAI TOUTO 'AMUDRON TI TUGCANEI0
'ON PRO$ 'ALHQEIAN.
<P 597B>
MH-GAR.
BOULEI 'OUN, 'EFHN, 'EP' 'AUTWN TOUTWN ZHTHSWMEN TON
MIMHTHN TOUTON, TI=$ POT' 'ESTIN:
'EI BOULEI, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N TRITTAI TINE$ KLINAI "AUTAI GIGNONTAI; MIA MEN "H
'EN THI FUSEI 'OUSA, "HN FAIMEN 'AN4, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, QEON 'ERGASASQAI.
'H= TI=N' 'ALLON:
'OUDENA, 'OIMAI.
MIA DE-GE "HN "O TEKTWN.
NAI, 'EFH.
MIA DE "HN "O ZWGRAFO$. 'H*-GAR:
'ESTW.
ZWGRAFO$ DH, KLINOPOIO$, QEO$, TREI$ "OUTOI 'EPISTATAI
TRISIN 'EIDESI KLINWN.
NAI TREI$.
<P 597C>
"O MEN-DH QEO$, 'EI=TE 'OUK 'EBOULETO, 'EI=TE TI$ 'ANAGKH 'EPHN
MH PLEON 'H= MIAN 'EN THI FUSEI 'APERGASASQAI 'AUTON KLINHN,
"OUTW$ 'EPOIHSEN MIAN MONON 'AUTHN 'EKEINHN "O= 'ESTIN KLINH;
DUO DE TOIAUTAI 'H= PLEIOU$ 'OUTE 'EFUTEUQHSAN "UPO TOU* QEOU
'OUTE MH FUWSIN.
PW*$ DH: 'EFH.
"OTI4, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EI DUO MONA$ POIHSEIEN, PALIN 'AN4 MIA
'ANAFANEIH "H$ 'EKEINAI 'AN4 'AU 'AMFOTERAI TO 'EIDO$ 'ECOIEN, KAI
'EIH 'AN4 "O= 'ESTIN KLINH 'EKEINH 'ALL' 'OUC "AI DUO.
'ORQW$, 'EFH.
<P 597D>
TAUTA DH 'OIMAI 'EIDW$ "O QEO$, BOULOMENO$ 'EINAI 'ONTW$
KLINH$ POIHTH$ 'ONTW$ 'OUSH$, 'ALLA= MH KLINH$ TINO$ MHDE
KLINOPOIO$ TI$, MIAN FUSEI 'AUTHN 'EFUSEN.
'EOIKEN0.
BOULEI 'OUN TOUTON MEN FUTOURGON TOUTOU PROSAGOREUWMEN,
'H= TI TOIOUTON:
DIKAION GOUN, 'EFH, 'EPEIDHPER FUSEI GE-KAI TOUTO KAI
'TALLA PANTA PEPOIHKEN0.
TI= DE TON TEKTONA: 'A*R' 'OU DHMIOURGON KLINH$:
NAI.
'H*-KAI TON ZWGRAFON DHMIOURGON KAI POIHTHN TOU* TOIOUTOU:
'OUDAMW$.
'ALLA= TI= 'AUTON KLINH$ FHSEI$ 'EINAI:
<P 597E>
TOUTO, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'EMOIGE DOKEI0 METRIWTAT' 'AN4 PROSAGOREUESQAI,
MIMHTH$ "OU2 'EKEINOI DHMIOURGOI.
'EIEN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; TON TOU* TRITOU 'A=RA GENNHMATO$ 'APO TH$
FUSEW$ MIMHTHN KALEI$0:
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
TOUT' 'A=RA 'ESTAI KAI "O TRAGWIDOPOIO$, 'EIPER MIMHTH$ 'ESTI,
TRITO$ TI$ 'APO BASILEW$ KAI TH$ 'ALHQEIA$ PEFUKW$, KAI
PANTE$ "OI 'ALLOI MIMHTAI.
KINDUNEUEI0.
TON MEN-DH MIMHTHN "WMOLOGHKAMEN. 'EIPE= DE MOI PERI=


<P 598A>
TOU* ZWGRAFOU TODE; PO=TERA 'EKEINO 'AUTO TO 'EN THI FUSEI
"EKASTON DOKEI0 SOI4 'EPICEIREIN MIMEISQAI 'H= TA TWN DHMIOURGWN
'ERGA:
TA TWN DHMIOURGWN, 'EFH.
'A*RA "OI*A 'ESTIN 'H= "OI*A FAINETAI: TOUTO GAR 'ETI DIORISON2.
PW*$ LEGEI$: 'EFH.
"WDE; KLINH, 'EANTE 'EK PLAGIOU 'AUTHN QEA*I4 'EANTE KATANTIKRU
'H= "OPHIOUN, MH TI DIAFEREI0 'AUTH "EAUTH$, 'H= DIAFEREI0 MEN 'OUDEN,
FAINETAI DE 'ALLOI=A: KAI 'TALLA "WSAUTW$:
"OUTW$, 'EFH; FAINETAI, DIAFEREI0 D' 'OUDEN.
<P 598B>
TOUTO DH 'AUTO SKOPEI5; PRO$ POTERON "H GRAFIKH PEPOIHTAI
PERI= "EKASTON: PO=TERA PRO$ TO 'ON, "W$ 'ECEI0, MIMHSASQAI, 'H=
PRO$ TO FAINOMENON, "W$ FAINETAI, FANTASMATO$ 'H= 'ALHQEIA$
'OUSA MIMHSI$:
FANTASMATO$, 'EFH.
PORRW 'A=RA-POU TOU* 'ALHQOU$ "H MIMHTIKH 'ESTIN KAI, "W$
'EOIKEN0, DIA= TOUTO PANTA 'APERGAZETAI, "OTI4 SMIKRON TI "EKASTOU
'EFAPTETAI, KAI TOUTO 'EIDWLON. "OION "O ZWGRAFO$, FAMEN,
ZWGRAFHSEI2 "HMIN SKUTOTOMON, TEKTONA, TOU$ 'ALLOU$ DHMIOURGOU$,
<P 598C>
PERI= 'OUDENO$ TOUTWN 'EPAIWN TWN TECNWN; 'ALL' "OMW$
PAIDA$ GE-KAI 'AFRONA$ 'ANQRWPOU$, 'EI 'AGAQO$ 'EIH ZWGRAFO$,
GRAYA$ 'AN4 TEKTONA KAI PORRWQEN 'EPIDEIKNU$ 'EXAPATWI 'AN4 TW*I
DOKEIN "W$ 'ALHQW$ TEKTONA 'EINAI.
TI= D' 'OU=:
'ALLA=-GAR 'OIMAI, 'W* FILE, TODE DEI PERI= PANTWN TWN TOIOUTWN
DIANOEISQAI; 'EPEIDAN TI$ "HMIN 'APAGGELLHI3 PERI= TOU,
"W$ 'ENETUCEN 'ANQRWPWI PASA$ 'EPISTAMENWI TA$ DHMIOURGIA$
KAI 'TALLA PANTA "OSA "EI$ "EKASTO$ 'OIDEN, 'OUDEN "OTI2 'OUCI
<P 598D>
'AKRIBESTERON "OTOUOUN 'EPISTAMENWI, "UPOLAMBANEIN DEI TW*I
TOIOUTWI "OTI4 'EUHQH$ TI$ 'ANQRWPO$, KAI, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'ENTUCWN
GOHTI TINI KAI MIMHTHI 'EXHPATHQH, "WSTE 'EDOXEN 'AUTWI PASSOFO$
'EINAI, DIA= TO 'AUTO$ MH "OIO$-T'-'EINAI 'EPISTHMHN KAI
'ANEPISTHMOSUNHN KAI MIMHSIN 'EXETASAI0.
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, META TOUTO 'EPISKEPTEON THN TE
TRAGWIDIAN KAI TON "HGEMONA 'AUTH$ "OMHRON, 'EPEIDH TINWN
<P 598E>
'AKOUOMEN "OTI4 "OUTOI PASA$ MEN TECNA$ 'EPISTANTAI, PANTA DE
TA 'ANQRW=PEIA TA PRO$ 'ARETHN KAI KAKIAN, KAI TA GE QEI*A;
'ANAGKH GAR TON 'AGAQON POIHTHN, 'EI MELLEI0 PERI= "WN 'AN4 POIHI5
KALW$ POIHSEIN, 'EIDOTA 'A=RA POIEIN, 'H= MH "OION-TE-'EINAI
POIEIN. DEI DH 'EPISKEYASQAI POTERON MIMHTAI$ TOUTOI$
"OUTOI 'ENTUCONTE$ 'EXHPATHNTAI KAI TA 'ERGA 'AUTWN "ORWNTE$


<P 599A>
'OUK 'AISQANONTAI TRITTA 'APECONTA TOU* 'ONTO$ KAI "RA\DIA POIEIN
MH 'EIDOTI THN 'ALHQEIAN % FANTASMATA GAR 'ALL' 'OUK 'ONTA
POIOUSIN0 % 'H= TI KAI LEGOUSIN0 KAI TW*I-'ONTI "OI 'AGAQOI POIHTAI
'ISASIN PERI= "WN DOKOUSIN0 TOI$ POLLOI$ 'EU LEGEIN.
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH, 'EXETASTEON.
'OIEI 'OUN, 'EI TI$ 'AMFO=TERA DUNAITO POIEIN, TO TE MIMHQHSOMENON
KAI TO 'EIDWLON, 'EPI THI TWN 'EIDWLWN DHMIOURGIA\
"EAUTON 'AFEINAI0 'AN4 SPOUDAZEIN KAI TOUTO PROSTHSASQAI TOU*
<P 599B>
"EAUTOU BIOU "W$ BELTISTON 'ECONTA:
'OUK 'EGWGE.
'ALL' 'EIPER GE 'OIMAI 'EPISTHMWN 'EIH THI 'ALHQEIA\ TOUTWN
PE=RI "APER KAI MIMEITAI, POLU PROTERON 'EN TOI$ 'ERGOI$ 'AN4
SPOUDASEIEN 'H= 'EPI TOI$ MIMHMASI, KAI PEIRWITO 'AN4 POLLA KAI
KALA 'ERGA "EAUTOU KATALIPEIN MNHMEIA, KAI 'EINAI PROQUMOIT'
'AN4 MALLON "O 'EGKWMIAZOMENO$ 'H= "O 'EGKWMIAZWN.
'OIMAI, 'EFH; 'OU-GAR 'EX 'ISOU "H TE TIMH KAI "H 'WFELIA.
TWN MEN-TOINUN 'ALLWN PE=RI MH 'APAITWMEN LOGON "OMHRON
<P 599C>
'H= 'ALLON "ONTINOUN TWN POIHTWN, 'ERWTWNTE$ 'EI 'IATRIKO$
'H*N TI$ 'AUTWN 'ALLA= MH MIMHTH$ MONON 'IATRIKWN LOGWN, TI=NA$
"UGIEI$ POIHTH$ TI$ TWN PALAIWN 'H= TWN NEWN LEGETAI PEPOIHKENAI,
"WSPER 'ASKLHPIO$, 'H= TI=NA$ MAQHTA$ 'IATRIKH$ KATELIPETO,
"WSPER 'EKEINO$ TOU$ 'EKGONOU$, MHD' 'AU PERI= TA$
'ALLA$ TECNA$ 'AUTOU$ 'ERWTWMEN2, 'ALL' 'EWMEN2; PERI= DE "WN
MEGISTWN TE-KAI KALLISTWN 'EPICEIREI0 LEGEIN "OMHRO$, POLEMWN
TE PE=RI KAI STRATHGIWN KAI DIOIKHSEWN POLEWN, KAI
<P 599D>
PAIDEIA$ PE=RI 'ANQRWPOU, DIKAION POU 'ERWTAN 'AUTON PUNQANOMENOU$;
'W* FILE "OMHRE, 'EIPER MH TRITO$ 'APO TH$ 'ALHQEIA$
'EI* 'ARETH$ PE=RI, 'EIDWLOU DHMIOURGO$, "ON DH MIMHTHN "WRISAMEQA,
'ALLA=-KAI DEUTERO$, KAI "OIO$-TE-'HSQA GIGNWSKEIN POI*A
'EPITHDEUMATA BELTIOU$ 'H= CEIROU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ POIEI0 'IDIA\ KAI
DHMOSIA\, LEGE "HMIN TI=$ TWN POLEWN DIA= SE BELTION 'WIKHSEN,
"WSPER DIA= LUKOURGON LAKEDAIMWN KAI DI' 'ALLOU$ POLLOU$
<P 599E>
POLLAI MEGALAI TE-KAI SMIKRAI: SE DE TI=$ 'AITIATAI0 POLI$
NOMOQETHN 'AGAQON GEGONENAI KAI SFA$ 'WFELHKENAI: CARWNDAN
MEN-GAR 'ITALIA KAI SIKELIA, KAI "HMEI$ SOLWNA; SE DE
TI=$: "EXEI2 TINA 'EIPEIN:
'OUK 'OIMAI, 'EFH "O GLAUKWN; 'OU=KOUN LEGETAI GE-'OUD' "UP'
'AUTWN "OMHRIDWN.


<P 600A>
'ALLA=-DH TI$ POLEMO$ 'EPI "OMHROU "UP' 'EKEINOU 'ARCONTO$
'H= SUMBOULEUONTO$ 'EU POLEMHQEI$ MNHMONEUETAI:
'OUDEI$.
'ALL' "OI*A DH 'EI$ TA 'ERGA SOFOU 'ANDRO$ POLLAI 'EPINOIAI
KAI 'EUMHCANOI 'EI$ TECNA$ 'H= TINA$ 'ALLA$ PRAXEI$ LEGONTAI,
"WSPER 'AU QALEW TE PE=RI TOU* MILHSIOU KAI 'ANACARSIO$
TOU* SKUQOU:
'OUDAMW$ TOIOUTON 'OUDEN.
'ALLA=-DH 'EI MH DHMOSIA\, 'IDIA\ TISIN "HGEMWN PAIDEIA$
'AUTO$ ZWN LEGETAI "OMHRO$ GENESQAI, "OI=4 'EKEINON 'HGAPWN 'EPI
<P 600B>
SUNOUSIA\ KAI TOI$ "USTEROI$ "ODON TINA PAREDOSAN BIOU
"OMHRIKHN, "WSPER PUQAGORA$ 'AUTO$ TE DIAFERONTW$ 'EPI
TOUTWI 'HGAPHQH, KAI "OI "USTEROI 'ETI KAI NU*N PUQAGOREION
TROPON 'EPONOMAZONTE$ TOU* BIOU DIAFANEI$ PHI DOKOUSIN0 'EINAI
'EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$:
'OUD' 'AU, 'EFH, TOIOUTON 'OUDEN LEGETAI. "O GAR KREWFULO$,
'W* SWKRATE$, 'ISW$, "O TOU* "OMHROU "ETAIRO$, TOU* 'ONOMATO$ 'AN4
GELOIOTERO$ 'ETI PRO$ PAIDEIAN FANEIH, 'EI TA LEGOMENA PERI=
"OMHROU 'ALHQH. LEGETAI GAR "W$ POLLH TI$ 'AMELEIA PERI=
<P 600C>
'AUTON 'H*N 'EP' 'AUTOU4 'EKEINOU, "OTE 'EZH.
LEGETAI GAR-'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. 'ALL' 'OIEI, 'W* GLAUKWN, 'EI
TW*I-'ONTI "OIO$-T'-'H*N PAIDEUEIN 'ANQRWPOU$ KAI BELTIOU$ 'APERGAZESQAI
"OMHRO$, "ATE PERI= TOUTWN 'OU MIMEISQAI 'ALLA=
GIGNWSKEIN DUNAMENO$, 'OUK-'A=R' 'AN4 POLLOU$ "ETAIROU$ 'EPOIHSATO
KAI 'ETIMATO KAI 'HGAPATO "UP' 'AUTWN, 'ALLA= PRWTAGORA$
MEN-'A=RA "O 'ABDHRITH$ KAI PRODIKO$ "O KEIO$ KAI 'ALLOI PAMPOLLOI
DUNANTAI TOI$ 'EF' "EAUTWN PARISTANAI 'IDIA\ SUGGIGNOMENOI
<P 600D>
"W$ 'OUTE 'OIKIAN 'OUTE POLIN THN "AUTWN DIOIKEIN "OIOI-T'-'ESONTAI,
'EA=N MH SFEI$ 'AUTWN 'EPISTATHSWSIN TH$ PAIDEIA$,
KAI 'EPI TAUTHI THI SOFIA\ "OUTW SFO=DRA FILOUNTAI, "WSTE MONON
'OUK 'EPI TAI$ KEFALAI$ PERIFEROUSIN0 'AUTOU$ "OI "ETAIROI;
"OMHRON D'-'A=RA "OI 'EP' 'EKEINOU, 'EIPER "OIO$-T'-'H*N PRO$ 'ARETHN
'ONHSAI0 'ANQRWPOU$, 'H= "HSIODON "RAYWIDEIN 'AN4 PERIIONTA$ 'EIWN,
KAI 'OUCI MALLON 'AN4 'AUTWN 'ANTEICONTO 'H= TOU* CRUSOU KAI
<P 600E>
'HNAGKAZON PARA SFISIN 'OIKOI 'EINAI, 'H= 'EI MH 'EPEIQON, 'AUTOI 'AN4
'EPAIDAGWGOUN "OPHI 'HISAN, "EW$ "IKANW$ PAIDEIA$ METALABOIEN:
PANTAPASIN, 'EFH, DOKEI$ MOI, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALHQH LEGEIN.
'OUKOU*N TIQWMEN 'APO "OMHROU 'ARXAMENOU$ PANTA$ TOU$
POIHTIKOU$ MIMHTA$ 'EIDWLWN 'ARETH$ 'EINAI KAI TWN 'ALLWN
PERI= "WN POIOUSIN0, TH$ DE 'ALHQEIA$ 'OUC "APTESQAI, 'ALL' "WSPER
NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN, "O ZWGRAFO$ SKUTOTOMON POIHSEI2 DOKOUNTA


<P 601A>
'EINAI, 'AUTO$ TE 'OUK 'EPAIWN PERI= SKUTOTOMIA$ KAI TOI$ MH
'EPAIOUSIN4, 'EK TWN CRWMATWN DE-KAI SCHMATWN QEWROUSIN4:
PANU MEN-'OUN.
"OUTW DH 'OIMAI KAI TON POIHTIKON FHSOMEN CRWMATA 'ATTA
"EKASTWN TWN TECNWN TOI$ 'ONOMASI KAI "RHMASIN 'EPICRWMATIZEIN
'AUTON 'OUK 'EPAIONTA 'ALL'-'H= MIMEISQAI, "WSTE "ETEROI$
TOIOUTOI$ 'EK TWN LOGWN QEWROUSI4 DOKEIN, 'EANTE PERI= SKUTOTOMIA$
TI$ LEGHI5 'EN METRWI KAI "RUQMWI KAI "ARMONIA\, PANU 'EU
DOKEIN LEGESQAI, 'EANTE PERI= STRATHGIA$ 'EANTE PERI= 'ALLOU
<P 601B>
"OTOUOUN; "OUTW FUSEI 'AUTA TAUTA MEGALHN TINA KHLHSIN
'ECEIN. 'EPEI GUMNWQENTA GE TWN TH$ MOUSIKH$ CRWMATWN
TA TWN POIHTWN, 'AUTA 'EF' "AUTWN LEGOMENA, 'OIMAI SE 'EIDENAI
"OI*A FAINETAI. TEQEASAI GAR-POU.
'EGWG', 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EOIKEN0 TOI$ TWN "WRAIWN PROSWPOI$,
KALWN DE MH, "OI*A GIGNETAI 'IDEIN "OTAN 'AUTA TO 'ANQO$ PROLIPHI6:
PANTAPASIN, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'IQI DH, TODE 'AQREI5; "O TOU* 'EIDWLOU POIHTH$, "O MIMHTH$,
FAMEN, TOU* MEN 'ONTO$ 'OUDEN 'EPAIEI0, TOU* DE FAINOMENOU; 'OUC
<P 601C>
"OUTW$:
NAI.
MH-TOINUN "HMISEW$ 'AUTO KATALIPWMEN "RHQEN, 'ALL' "IKANW$
'IDWMEN.
LEGE, 'EFH.
ZWGRAFO$, FAMEN, "HNIA$ TE GRAYEI2 KAI CALINON:
NAI.
POIHSEI2 DE-GE SKUTOTOMO$ KAI CALKEU$:
PANU GE.
'A*R'-'OUN 'EPAIEI0 "OIA$ DEI TA$ "HNIA$ 'EINAI KAI TON CALINON
"O GRAFEU$: 'H= 'OUD' "O POIHSA$, "O TE CALKEU$ KAI "O SKUTEU$,
'ALL' 'EKEINO$ "OSPER TOUTOI$ 'EPISTATAI CRHSQAI, MONO$ "O
"IPPIKO$:
'ALHQESTATA.
'A*R'-'OUN 'OU PERI= PANTA "OUTW FHSOMEN 'ECEIN:
PW*$:
<P 601D>
PERI= "EKASTON TAUTA$ TINA$ TREI$ TECNA$ 'EINAI, CRHSOMENHN,
POIHSOUSAN, MIMHSOMENHN:
NAI.
'OUKOU*N 'ARETH KAI KALLO$ KAI 'ORQOTH$ "EKASTOU SKEUOU$
KAI ZWIOU KAI PRAXEW$ 'OU PRO$ 'ALLO TI 'H= THN CREIAN 'ESTIN,
PRO$ "HN 'AN4 "EKASTON 'HI-PEPOIHMENON 'H= PEFUKO$:
"OUTW$.
POLLH 'A=RA 'ANAGKH TON CRWMENON "EKASTWI 'EMPEIROTATON
TE 'EINAI KAI 'AGGELON GIGNESQAI TW*I POIHTHI "OI*A 'AGAQA 'H= KAKA
POIEI0 'EN THI CREIA\ "WI CRHTAI0; "OION 'AULHTH$ POU 'AULOPOIWI
<P 601E>
'EXAGGELLEI0 PERI= TWN 'AULWN, "OI=4 'AN4 "UPHRETWSIN 'EN TW*I 'AULEIN,
KAI 'EPITAXEI2 "OIOU$ DEI POIEIN, "O D' "UPHRETHSEI2.
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
'OUKOU*N "O MEN 'EIDW$ 'EXAGGELLEI0 PERI= CRHSTWN KAI PONHRWN
'AULWN, "O DE PISTEUWN POIHSEI2:
NAI.
TOU* 'AUTOU4 'A=RA SKEUOU$ "O MEN POIHTH$ PISTIN 'ORQHN "EXEI2
PERI= KALLOU$ TE-KAI PONHRIA$, SUNWN TW*I 'EIDOTI KAI 'ANAGKAZOMENO$


<P 602A>
'AKOUEIN PARA TOU* 'EIDOTO$, "O DE CRWMENO$ 'EPISTHMHN.
PANU GE.
"O DE MIMHTH$ POTERON 'EK TOU* CRHSQAI 'EPISTHMHN "EXEI2
PERI= "WN 'AN4 GRAFHI5, 'EI=TE KALA KAI 'ORQA 'EI=TE MH, 'H= DOXAN
'ORQHN DIA= TO 'EX 'ANAGKH$ SUNEINAI TW*I 'EIDOTI KAI 'EPITATTESQAI
"OI*A CRH GRAFEIN:
'OUDE=TERA.
'OUTE-'A=RA 'EISETAI 'OUTE 'ORQA DOXASEI2 "O MIMHTH$ PERI= "WN
'AN4 MIMHTAI PRO$ KALLO$ 'H= PONHRIAN.
'OUK 'EOIKEN0.
CARIEI$ 'AN4 'EIH "O 'EN THI POIHSEI MIMHTIKO$ PRO$ SOFIAN
PERI= "WN 'AN4 POIHI5.
'OU PANU.
<P 602B>
'ALL'-'OUN-DH "OMW$ GE MIMHSETAI, 'OUK 'EIDW$ PERI= "EKASTOU
"OPHI PONHRON 'H= CRHSTON; 'ALL', "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "OION FAINETAI
KALON 'EINAI TOI$ POLLOI$ TE-KAI MHDEN 'EIDOSIN, TOUTO
MIMHSETAI.
TI= GAR 'ALLO:
TAUTA MEN-DH, "W$ GE FAINETAI, 'EPIEIKW$ "HMIN DIWMOLOGHTAI,
TON TE MIMHTIKON MHDEN 'EIDENAI 'AXION LOGOU PERI= "WN MIMEITAI,
'ALL' 'EINAI PAIDIAN TINA KAI 'OU SPOUDHN THN MIMHSIN, TOU$
TE TH$ TRAGIKH$ POIHSEW$ "APTOMENOU$ 'EN 'IAMBEIOI$ KAI 'EN
'EPESI PANTA$ 'EINAI MIMHTIKOU$ "W$ "OION-TE MALISTA.
PANU MEN-'OUN.
<P 602C>
PRO$ DIO$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TO DE-DH MIMEISQAI TOUTO 'OU PERI=
TRITON MEN TI 'ESTIN 'APO TH$ 'ALHQEIA$: 'H*-GAR:
NAI.
PRO$ DE-DH POI*ON TI 'ESTIN TWN TOU* 'ANQRWPOU 'ECON THN
DUNAMIN "HN 'ECEI0:
TOU* POI=OU TINO$ PE=RI LEGEI$:
TOU* TOIOUDE; 'TAUTON POU "HMIN MEGEQO$ 'EGGUQEN TE-KAI
PORRWQEN DIA= TH$ 'OYEW$ 'OUK 'ISON FAINETAI.
'OU-GAR.
KAI 'TAUTA KAMPULA TE-KAI 'EUQEA 'EN "UDATI TE QEWMENOI$
KAI 'EXW, KAI KOILA TE-DH-KAI 'EXECONTA DIA= THN PERI= TA
CRWMATA 'AU PLANHN TH$ 'OYEW$, KAI PASA TI$ TARACH DHLH
<P 602D>
"HMIN 'ENOUSA "AU=TH 'EN THI YUCHI; "WI DH "HMWN TW*I PAQHMATI
TH$ FUSEW$ "H SKIAGRAFIA 'EPIQEMENH GOHTEIA$ 'OUDEN 'APOLEIPEI0,
KAI "H QAUMATOPOIIA KAI "AI 'ALLAI POLLAI TOIAUTAI
MHCANAI.
'ALHQH.
'A*R'-'OUN 'OU TO METREIN KAI 'ARIQMEIN KAI "ISTANAI BOHQEIAI
CARIESTATAI PRO$ 'AUTA 'EFANHSAN, "WSTE MH 'ARCEIN 'EN "HMIN
TO FAINOMENON MEIZON 'H= 'ELATTON 'H= PLEON 'H= BARUTERON, 'ALLA=
TO LOGISAMENON KAI METRHSAN 'H=-KAI STHSAN:
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
<P 602E>
'ALLA=-MHN TOUTO GE TOU* LOGISTIKOU 'AN4 'EIH TOU* 'EN YUCHI
'ERGON.
TOUTOU GAR-'OUN.
TOUTWI DE POLLAKI$ METRHSANTI KAI SHMAINONTI MEIZW
'ATTA 'EINAI 'H= 'ELATTW "E=TERA "ETERWN 'H= 'ISA 'TANANTIA FAINETAI
"AMA PERI= 'TAUTA.
NAI.
'OUKOU*N 'EFAMEN TW*I 'AUTWI "AMA PERI= 'TAUTA 'ENANTIA DOXAZEIN
'ADUNATON 'EINAI:
KAI 'ORQW$ G' 'EFAMEN.


<P 603A>
TO PARA TA METRA 'A=RA DOXAZON TH$ YUCH$ TW*I KATA TA
METRA 'OUK 'AN4 'EIH 'TAUTON.
'OU-GAR-'OUN.
'ALLA=-MHN TO METRWI GE-KAI LOGISMWI PISTEUON BELTISTON
'AN4 'EIH TH$ YUCH$.
TI= MHN:
TO 'A=RA TOUTWI 'ENANTIOUMENON TWN FAULWN 'AN4 TI 'EIH 'EN
"HMIN.
'ANAGKH.
TOUTO TOINUN DIOMOLOGHSASQAI BOULOMENO$ 'ELEGON "OTI4 "H
GRAFIKH KAI "OLW$ "H MIMHTIKH PORRW MEN TH$ 'ALHQEIA$ 'ON TO
"AUTH$ 'ERGON 'APERGAZETAI, PORRW D' 'AU FRONHSEW$ 'ONTI TW*I
<P 603B>
'EN "HMIN PROSOMILEI0 TE-KAI "ETAIRA KAI FILH 'ESTIN 'EP' 'OUDENI
"UGIEI 'OUD' 'ALHQEI.
PANTAPASIN, 'H*-D'-"O$.
FAULH 'A=RA FAULWI SUGGIGNOMENH FAULA GENNA*I0 "H MIMHTIKH.
'EOIKEN0.
POTERON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "H KATA THN 'OYIN MONON, 'H=-KAI KATA
THN 'AKOHN, "H=N DH POIHSIN 'ONOMAZOMEN:
'EIKO$ G', 'EFH, KAI TAUTHN.
MH-TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TW*I 'EIKOTI MONON PISTEUSWMEN 'EK
TH$ GRAFIKH$, 'ALLA=-KAI 'EP' 'AUTO 'AU 'ELQWMEN TH$ DIANOIA$
<P 603C>
TOUTO "WI PROSOMILEI0 "H TH$ POIHSEW$ MIMHTIKH, KAI 'IDWMEN
FAULON 'H= SPOUDAION 'ESTIN.
'ALLA= CRH.
"WDE DH PROQWMEQA; PRATTONTA$, FAMEN, 'ANQRWPOU$
MIMEITAI "H MIMHTIKH BIAIOU$ 'H= "EKOUSIA$ PRAXEI$, KAI 'EK TOU*
PRATTEIN 'H= 'EU 'OIOMENOU$ 'H= KAKW$ PEPRAGENAI, KAI 'EN TOUTOI$
DH PASIN 'H= LUPOUMENOU$ 'H= CAIRONTA$. MH TI 'ALLO 'H*N PARA
TAUTA:
'OUDEN.
'A*R'-'OUN 'EN "APASI TOUTOI$ "OMONOHTIKW$ 'ANQRWPO$ DIAKEITAI:
<P 603D>
'H= "WSPER KATA THN 'OYIN 'ESTASIAZEN KAI 'ENANTIA$ 'EICEN
'EN "EAUTWI DOXA$ "AMA PERI= TWN 'AUTWN, "OUTW KAI 'EN TAI$
PRAXESI STASIAZEI0 TE-KAI MACETAI 'AUTO$ "AUTWI: 'ANAMIMNHISKOMAI
DE "OTI4 TOUTO GE NU*N 'OUDEN DEI "HMA$ DIOMOLOGEISQAI;
'EN GAR TOI$ 'ANW LOGOI$ "IKANW$ PANTA TAUTA DIWMOLOGHSAMEQA,
"OTI4 MURIWN TOIOUTWN 'ENANTIWMATWN "AMA GIGNOMENWN "H
YUCH GEMEI0 "HMWN.
'ORQW$, 'EFH.
'ORQW$ GAR, 'H*N-D'-'EGW; 'ALL' "O= TO=TE 'APELIPOMEN, NU*N MOI
<P 603E>
DOKEI0 'ANAGKAION 'EINAI DIEXELQEIN.
TO POI*ON: 'EFH.
'ANHR, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EPIEIKH$ TOIASDE TUCH$ METASCWN, "UON
'APOLESA$ 'H= TI 'ALLO "WN PERI= PLEISTOU POIEITAI, 'ELEGOMEN
POU-KAI TO=TE "OTI4 "RA*ISTA 'OISEI2 TWN 'ALLWN.
PANU GE.
NU*N DE-GE TOD' 'EPISKEYWMEQA, POTERON 'OUDEN 'ACQESETAI,
'H= TOUTO MEN 'ADUNATON, METRIASEI2 DE PW$ PRO$ LUPHN.
"OUTW MALLON, 'EFH, TO GE 'ALHQE$.


<P 604A>
TODE NU*N MOI PERI= 'AUTOU4 'EIPE=; POTERON MALLON 'AUTON
'OIEI THI LUPHI MACEISQAI TE-KAI 'ANTITEINEIN, "OTAN "ORATAI2 "UPO
TWN "OMOIWN, 'H= "OTAN 'EN 'ERHMIA\ MONO$ 'AUTO$ KAQ' "AUTON
GIGNHTAI:
POLU POU, 'EFH, DIOISEI2, "OTAN "ORATAI2.
MONWQEI$ DE-GE 'OIMAI POLLA MEN TOLMHSEI2 FQEGXASQAI,
"A 'EI TI$ 'AUTOU4 'AKOUOI 'AISCUNOIT' 'AN4, POLLA DE POIHSEI2, "A 'OUK
'AN4 DEXAITO TINA 'IDEIN DRWNTA.
"OUTW$ 'ECEI0, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N TO MEN 'ANTITEINEIN DIAKELEUOMENON LOGO$ KAI NOMO$
<P 604B>
'ESTIN, TO DE "ELKON 'EPI TA$ LUPA$ 'AUTO TO PAQO$:
'ALHQH.
'ENANTIA$ DE 'AGWGH$ GIGNOMENH$ 'EN TW*I 'ANQRWPWI PERI= TO
'AUTO "AMA, DUO FAMEN 'AUTW 'ANAGKAION 'EINAI.
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
'OUKOU*N TO MEN "ETERON TW*I NOMWI "ETOIMON PEIQESQAI, "HI "O
NOMO$ 'EXHGEITAI:
PW*$:
LEGEI0 POU "O NOMO$ "OTI4 KALLISTON "OTI2 MALISTA "HSUCIAN
'AGEIN 'EN TAI$ SUMFORAI$ KAI MH 'AGANAKTEIN, "W$ 'OUTE DHLOU
'ONTO$ TOU* 'AGAQOU TE-KAI KAKOU TWN TOIOUTWN, 'OUTE 'EI$ TO
PROSQEN 'OUDEN PROBAINON TW*I CALEPW$ FERONTI, 'OUTE TI TWN
<P 604C>
'ANQRWPINWN 'AXION 'ON MEGALH$ SPOUDH$, "O= TE DEI 'EN 'AUTOI$
"OTI2 TACISTA PARAGIGNESQAI "HMIN, TOUTWI 'EMPODWN GIGNOMENON
TO LUPEISQAI.
TI=NI, 'H*-D'-"O$, LEGEI$:
TW*I BOULEUESQAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PERI= TO GEGONO$ KAI "WSPER
'EN PTWSEI KUBWN PRO$ TA PEPTWKOTA TIQESQAI TA "AUTOU
PRAGMATA, "OPHI "O LOGO$ "AIREI0 BELTIST' 'AN4 'ECEIN, 'ALLA= MH
PROSPTAISANTA$ KAQAPER PAIDA$ 'ECOMENOU$ TOU* PLHGENTO$
'EN TW*I BOAN DIATRIBEIN, 'ALL' 'AEI 'EQIZEIN THN YUCHN "OTI2
<P 604D>
TACISTA GIGNESQAI PRO$ TO 'IASQAI TE-KAI 'EPANORQOUN0 TO
PESON TE-KAI NOSHSAN, 'IATRIKHI QRHNWIDIAN 'AFANIZONTA.
'ORQOTATA GOUN 'AN4 TI$, 'EFH, PRO$ TA$ TUCA$ "OUTW
PROSFEROITO.
'OUKOU*N, FAMEN, TO MEN BELTISTON TOUTWI TW*I LOGISMWI
'EQELEI0 "EPESQAI.
DHLON DH.
TO DE PRO$ TA$ 'ANAMNHSEI$ TE TOU* PAQOU$ KAI PRO$ TOU$
'ODURMOU$ 'AGON KAI 'APLHSTW$ 'ECON 'AUTWN 'A*R' 'OUK 'ALOGISTON
TE FHSOMEN 'EINAI KAI 'ARGON KAI DEILIA$ FILON:
FHSOMEN MEN-'OUN.
<P 604E>
'OUKOU*N TO MEN POLLHN MIMHSIN KAI POIKILHN 'ECEI0, TO
'AGANAKTHTIKON, TO DE FRONIMON TE-KAI "HSUCION 'HQO$, PARAPLHSION
'ON 'AEI 'AUTO "AUTWI, 'OUTE "RA\DION MIMHSASQAI 'OUTE
MIMOUMENOU 'EUPETE$ KATAMAQEIN, 'ALLW$ TE KAI PANHGUREI KAI
PANTODAPOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ 'EI$ QEATRA SULLEGOMENOI$; 'ALLOTRIOU
GAR-POU PAQOU$ "H MIMHSI$ 'AUTOI$ GIGNETAI.


<P 605A>
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
"O DH MIMHTIKO$ POIHTH$ DHLON "OTI4 'OU PRO$ TO TOIOUTON
TH$ YUCH$ PEFUKE0 TE-KAI "H SOFIA 'AUTOU4 TOUTWI 'ARESKEIN
PEPHGEN0, 'EI MELLEI0 'EUDOKIMHSEIN 'EN TOI$ POLLOI$, 'ALLA=
PRO$ TO 'AGANAKTHTIKON TE-KAI POIKILON 'HQO$ DIA= TO 'EUMIMHTON
'EINAI.
DHLON.
'OUKOU*N DIKAIW$ 'AN4 'AUTOU4 'HDH 'EPILAMBANOIMEQA, KAI
TIQEIMEN 'ANTISTROFON 'AUTON TW*I ZWGRAFWI; KAI-GAR TW*I FAULA
POIEIN PRO$ 'ALHQEIAN 'EOIKEN0 'AUTWI, KAI TW*I PRO$ "ETERON TOIOUTON
<P 605B>
"OMILEIN TH$ YUCH$ 'ALLA= MH PRO$ TO BELTISTON, KAI
TAUTHI "WMOIWTAI. KAI "OUTW$ 'HDH 'AN4 'EN DIKHI 'OU PARADECOIMEQA
'EI$ MELLOUSAN 'EUNOMEISQAI POLIN, "OTI4 TOUTO 'EGEIREI0
TH$ YUCH$ KAI TREFEI0 KAI 'ISCURON POIWN 'APOLLUSI0 TO
LOGISTIKON, "WSPER 'EN POLEI "OTAN TI$ MOCQHROU$ 'EGKRATEI$
POIW*N PARADIDWI0 THN POLIN, TOU$ DE CARIESTEROU$ FQEIRHI5;
'TAUTON KAI TON MIMHTIKON POIHTHN FHSOMEN KAKHN POLITEIAN
'IDIA\ "EKASTOU THI YUCHI 'EMPOIEIN, TW*I 'ANOHTWI 'AUTH$
<P 605C>
CARIZOMENON KAI-'OUTE TA MEIZW 'OUTE TA 'ELATTW DIAGIGNWSKONTI,
'ALLA= TA 'AUTA TOTE= MEN MEGALA "HGOUMENWI, TOTE= DE
SMIKRA, 'EIDWLA 'EIDWLOPOIOUNTA, TOU* DE 'ALHQOU$ PORRW PANU
'AFESTWTA.
PANU MEN-'OUN.
'OU-MENTOI PW TO GE MEGISTON KATHGORHKAMEN 'AUTH$. TO
GAR-KAI TOU$ 'EPIEIKEI$ "IKANHN 'EINAI LWBASQAI, 'EKTO$ PANU
TINWN 'OLIGWN, PANDEINON POU.
TI= D' 'OU MELLEI0, 'EIPER GE DRA*I0 'AUTO:
'AKOUWN SKOPEI5. "OI GAR-POU BELTISTOI "HMWN 'AKROWMENOI
"OMHROU 'H= 'ALLOU TINO$ TWN TRAGWIDOPOIWN MIMOUMENOU
<P 605D>
TINA TWN "HRWWN 'EN PENQEI 'ONTA KAI MAKRAN "RHSIN 'APOTEINONTA
'EN TOI$ 'ODURMOI$ 'H=-KAI 'A\DONTA$ TE-KAI KOPTOMENOU$,
'OISQ' "OTI4 CAIROMEN TE-KAI 'ENDONTE$ "HMA$-'AUTOU$ "EPOMEQA
SUMPASCONTE$ KAI SPOUDAZONTE$ 'EPAINOUMEN "W$ 'AGAQON
POIHTHN, "O$4 'AN4 "HMA$ "OTI2 MALISTA "OUTW DIAQHI6.
'OIDA; PW*$ D' 'OU=:
"OTAN DE 'OIKEION TINI "HMWN KHDO$ GENHTAI, 'ENNOEI$ 'AU "OTI4
'EPI TW*I 'ENANTIWI KALLWPIZOMEQA, 'AN2 DUNWMEQA "HSUCIAN 'AGEIN
<P 605E>
KAI KARTEREIN, "W$ TOUTO MEN 'ANDRO$ 'ON, 'EKEINO DE GUNAIKO$,
"O= TO=TE 'EPHINOUMEN.
'ENNOW0, 'EFH.
'H* KALW$ 'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OUTO$ "O 'EPAINO$ 'ECEI0, TO "ORWNTA
TOIOUTON 'ANDRA, "OION "EAUTON TI$ MH 'AXIOI3 'EINAI 'ALL' 'AISCUNOITO
'AN4, MH BDELUTTESQAI 'ALLA= CAIREIN TE-KAI 'EPAINEIN:
'OU MA TON DI=', 'EFH, 'OUK 'EULOGWI 'EOIKEN0.


<P 606A>
NAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EI 'EKEINHI G' 'AUTO SKOPOIH$.
PH*I:
'EI 'ENQUMOIO "OTI4 TO BIA\ KATECOMENON TO=TE 'EN TAI$ 'OIKEIAI$
SUMFORAI$ KAI PEPEINHKO$ TOU* DAKRUSAI0 TE-KAI 'APODURASQAI
"IKANW$ KAI 'APOPLHSQHNAI, FUSEI 'ON TOIOUTON "OION TOUTWN 'EPIQUMEIN,
TO=T' 'ESTIN TOUTO TO "UPO TWN POIHTWN PIMPLAMENON
KAI CAIRON; TO DE FUSEI BELTISTON "HMWN, "ATE 'OUC "IKANW$
PEPAIDEUMENON LOGWI 'OUDE 'EQEI, 'ANIHSIN THN FULAKHN TOU*
<P 606B>
QRHNWDOU$ TOUTOU, "ATE 'ALLO=TRIA PAQH QEWROUN KAI "EAUTWI
'OUDEN 'AISCRON 'ON 'EI 'ALLO$ 'ANHR 'AGAQO$ FASKWN 'EINAI 'AKAIRW$
PENQEI0, TOUTON 'EPAINEIN KAI 'ELEEIN, 'ALL' 'EKEINO KERDAINEIN
"HGEITAI, THN "HDONHN, KAI 'OUK 'AN4 DEXAITO 'AUTH$ STERHQHNAI
KATAFRONHSA$ "OLOU TOU* POIHMATO$. LOGIZESQAI GAR 'OIMAI
'OLIGOI$ TISIN METESTIN "OTI4 'APOLAUEIN 'ANAGKH 'APO TWN 'ALLOTRIWN
'EI$ TA 'OIKEI*A; QREYANTA GAR 'EN 'EKEINOI$ 'ISCURON TO
'ELEINON 'OU "RA\DION 'EN TOI$ "AUTOU PAQESI KATECEIN.
<P 606C>
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH.
'A*R'-'OUN 'OUC "O 'AUTO$ LOGO$ KAI PERI= TOU* GELOIOU: "OTI4,
"AN 'AUTO$ 'AISCUNOIO GELWTOPOIWN, 'EN MIMHSEI DE KWMWIDIKHI 'H=
KAI 'IDIA\ 'AKOUWN SFO=DRA CARHI$ KAI MH MISHI$ "W$ PONHRA,
'TAUTON POIEI$ "OPER 'EN TOI$ 'ELEOI$: "O= GAR TW*I LOGWI 'AU
KATEICE$ 'EN SAUTWI BOULOMENON GELWTOPOIEIN, FOBOUMENO$
DOXAN BWMOLOCIA$, TO=T' 'AU 'ANIEI*$, KAI 'EKEI NEANIKON POIHSA$
'ELAQE$ POLLAKI$ 'EN TOI$ 'OIKEIOI$ 'EXENECQEI$ "WSTE KWMWIDOPOIO$
GENESQAI.
KAI MALA, 'EFH.
<P 606D>
KAI PERI= 'AFRODISIWN DH-KAI QUMOU KAI PERI= PANTWN TWN
'EPIQUMHTIKWN TE-KAI LUPHRWN KAI "HDEWN 'EN THI YUCHI, "A DH
FAMEN PASHI PRAXEI "HMIN "EPESQAI, "OTI4 TOIAUTA "HMA$ "H
POIHTIKH MIMHSI$ 'ERGAZETAI; TREFEI0 GAR TAUTA 'ARDOUSA, DEON
'AUCMEIN, KAI 'ARCONTA "HMIN KAQISTHSIN, DEON 'ARCESQAI 'AUTA
"INA BELTIOU$ TE-KAI 'EUDAIMONESTEROI 'ANTI CEIRONWN KAI
'AQLIWTERWN GIGNWMEQA.
'OUK 'ECW0 'ALLW$ FANAI, 'H*-D'-"O$.
<P 606E>
'OUKOU*N, 'EIPON, 'W* GLAUKWN, "OTAN "OMHROU 'EPAINETAI$
'ENTUCHI$ LEGOUSIN4 "W$ THN "ELLADA PEPAIDEUKEN0 "OUTO$ "O
POIHTH$ KAI PRO$ DIOIKHSIN TE-KAI PAIDEIAN TWN 'ANQRWPINWN
PRAGMATWN 'AXIO$ 'ANALABONTI MANQANEIN TE-KAI KATA TOUTON
TON POIHTHN PANTA TON "AUTOU BION KATASKEUASAMENON ZHN,


<P 607A>
FILEIN MEN CRH KAI 'ASPAZESQAI "W$ 'ONTA$ BELTISTOU$ 'EI$
"OSON DUNANTAI, KAI SUGCWREIN "OMHRON POIHTIKWTATON 'EINAI
KAI PRWTON TWN TRAGWIDOPOIWN, 'EIDENAI DE "OTI4 "OSON MONON
"UMNOU$ QEOI$ KAI 'EGKWMIA TOI$ 'AGAQOI$ POIHSEW$ PARADEKTEON
'EI$ POLIN; 'EI DE THN "HDUSMENHN MOUSAN PARADEXHI2 'EN MELESIN
'H= 'EPESIN, "HDONH SOI4 KAI LUPH 'EN THI POLEI BASILEUSETON
'ANTI NOMOU TE-KAI TOU* KOINHI 'AEI DOXANTO$ 'EINAI BELTISTOU
LOGOU.
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH.
<P 607B>
TAUTA DH, 'EFHN, 'APOLELOGHSQW "HMIN 'ANAMNHSQEISIN PERI=
POIHSEW$, "OTI4 'EIKOTW$ 'A=RA TO=TE 'AUTHN 'EK TH$ POLEW$ 'APESTELLOMEN
TOIAUTHN 'OUSAN; "O GAR LOGO$ "HMA$ "HIREI. PROSEIPWMEN
DE 'AUTHI, MH KAI TINA SKLHROTHTA "HMWN KAI 'AGROIKIAN
KATAGNWI, "OTI4 PALAIA MEN TI$ DIAFORA FILOSOFIA\ TE-KAI
POIHTIKHI; KAI-GAR "H LAKERUZA9 PRO$9 DESPOTAN9 KUWN9
'EKEINH KRAUGAZOUSA9 KAI MEGA$9 'EN9 'AFRONWN9 KENEAGORIAISI9
<P 607C>
KAI "O TWN9 DIASOFWN9 'OCLO$9 KRATWN9
KAI "OI LEPTW$9 MERIMNWNTE$9, "OTI4 'A=RA PENONTAI9,
KAI 'A=LLA MURIA SHMEIA PALAIA$ 'ENANTIWSEW$ TOUTWN. "OMW$
DE 'EIRHSQW "OTI4 "HMEI$ GE, 'EI TINA 'ECOI LOGON 'EIPEIN "H PRO$
"HDONHN POIHTIKH KAI "H MIMHSI$, "W$ CRH 'AUTHN 'EINAI 'EN POLEI
'EUNOMOUMENHI, "ASMENOI 'AN4 KATADECOIMEQA, "W$ SUNISMEN GE "HMIN-'AUTOI$
KHLOUMENOI$ "UP' 'AUTH$; 'ALLA=-GAR TO DOKOUN 'ALHQE$
'OUC "OSION PRODIDONAI. 'H*-GAR, 'W* FILE, 'OU KHLHI0 "UP' 'AUTH$
<P 607D>
KAI SU, KAI MALISTA "OTAN DI' "OMHROU QEWRHI$ 'AUTHN:
POLU GE.
'OUKOU*N DIKAI=A 'ESTIN "OUTW KATIENAI, 'APOLOGHSAMENH 'EN
MELEI 'H= TINI 'ALLWI METRWI:
PANU MEN-'OUN.
DOIMEN DE-GE-POU 'AN4 KAI TOI$ PROSTATAI$ 'AUTH$, "OSOI MH
POIHTIKOI, FILOPOIHTAI DE, 'ANEU METROU LOGON "UPER 'AUTH$
'EIPEIN, "W$ 'OU MONON "HDEIA 'ALLA=-KAI 'WFELIMH PRO$ TA$ POLITEIA$
KAI TON BION TON 'ANQRWPINON 'ESTIN; KAI 'EUMENW$ 'AKOUSOMEQA.
<P 607E>
KERDANOUMEN GAR-POU 'EA=N MH MONON "HDEIA FANHI 'ALLA=-KAI
'WFELIMH.
PW*$ D' 'OU MELLOMEN, 'EFH, KERDAINEIN:
'EI DE-GE MH, 'W* FILE "ETAIRE, "WSPER "OI POTE TOU 'ERASQENTE$,
'EA=N "HGHSWNTAI MH 'WFELIMON 'EINAI TON 'ERWTA, BIA\
MEN, "OMW$ DE 'APECONTAI, KAI "HMEI$ "OUTW$, DIA= TON 'EGGEGONOTA
MEN 'ERWTA TH$ TOIAUTH$ POIHSEW$ "UPO TH$ TWN KALWN POLITEIWN


<P 608A>
TROFH$, 'EUNOI MEN 'ESOMEQA FANHNAI 'AUTHN "W$ BELTISTHN
KAI 'ALHQESTATHN, "EW$ D' 'AN4 MH "OI=A-T'-'HI 'APOLOGHSASQAI,
'AKROASOMEQ' 'AUTH$ 'EPA\DONTE$ "HMIN-'AUTOI$ TOUTON TON LOGON,
"ON LEGOMEN, KAI TAUTHN THN 'EPWIDHN, 'EULABOUMENOI PALIN
'EMPESEIN 'EI$ TON PAIDIKON TE-KAI TON TWN POLLWN 'ERWTA.
'A\SOMEQA D'-'OUN "W$ 'OU SPOUDASTEON 'EPI THI TOIAUTHI POIHSEI
"W$ 'ALHQEIA$ TE "APTOMENHI KAI SPOUDAIA\, 'ALL' 'EULABHTEON
<P 608B>
'AUTHN 'ON TW*I 'AKROWMENWI, PERI= TH$ 'EN "AUTWI POLITEIA$ DEDIOTI,
KAI NOMISTEA "APER 'EIRHKAMEN PERI= POIHSEW$.
PANTAPASIN, 'H*-D'-"O$, SUMFHMI.
MEGA$ GAR, 'EFHN, "O 'AGWN, 'W* FILE GLAUKWN, MEGA$,
'OUC "OSO$ DOKEI0, TO CRHSTON 'H= KAKON GENESQAI, "WSTE 'OUTE
TIMHI 'EPARQENTA 'OUTE CRHMASIN 'OUTE 'ARCHI 'OUDEMIA*I 'OUDE-GE
POIHTIKHI 'AXION 'AMELHSAI0 DIKAIOSUNH$ TE-KAI TH$ 'ALLH$
'ARETH$.
SUMFHMI SOI4, 'EFH, 'EX "WN DIELHLUQAMEN; 'OIMAI DE-KAI
'ALLON "ONTINOUN.
<P 608C>
KAI-MHN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TA GE MEGISTA 'EPICEIRA 'ARETH$ KAI
PROKEIMENA 'AQLA 'OU DIELHLUQAMEN.
'AMHCANON TI, 'EFH, LEGEI$ MEGEQO$, 'EI TWN 'EIRHMENWN
MEIZW 'ESTIN 'A=LLA.
TI= D' 'AN4, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EN GE 'OLIGWI CRONWI MEGA GENOITO:
PA$ GAR "OUTO$ GE "O 'EK PAIDO$ MECRI PRESBUTOU CRONO$ PRO$
PANTA 'OLIGO$ POU TI$ 'AN4 'EIH.
'OUDEN MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
TI= 'OUN: 'OIEI 'AQANATWI PRAGMATI "UPER TOSOUTOU DEIN
<P 608D>
CRONOU 'ESPOUDAKENAI, 'ALL' 'OUC "UPER TOU* PANTO$:
'OIMAI 'EGWG', 'EFH; 'ALLA= TI= TOUTO LEGEI$:
'OUK 'HISQHSAI, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OTI4 'AQANATO$ "HMWN "H YUCH KAI
'OUDEPOTE 'APOLLUTAI:
KAI "O$6 'EMBLEYA$ MOI KAI QAUMASA$ 'EI*PE; MA DI=', 'OUK
'EGWGE; SU DE TOUT' 'ECEI$ LEGEIN:
'EI MH 'ADIKW0 G', 'EFHN. 'OIMAI DE-KAI SU; 'OUDEN GAR
CALEPON.
'EMOIG', 'EFH; SOU4 D' 'AN4 "HDEW$ 'AKOUSAIMI TO 'OU CALEPON
TOUTO.
'AKOUOI$ 'AN4, 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
LEGE MONON, 'EFH.
'AGAQON TI, 'EIPON, KAI KAKON KALEI$0:
'EGWGE.
<P 608E>
'A*R'-'OUN "WSPER 'EGW PERI= 'AUTWN DIANOHI0:
TO POI*ON:
TO MEN 'APOLLUON KAI DIAFQEIRON PAN TO KAKON 'EINAI, TO
DE SWIZON KAI 'WFELOUN TO 'AGAQON.
'EGWG', 'EFH.
TI= DE: KAKON "EKASTWI TI KAI 'AGAQON LEGEI$: "OION 'OFQALMOI$


<P 609A>
'OFQALMIAN KAI SUMPANTI TW*I SWMATI NOSON, SITWI TE
'ERUSIBHN, SHPEDONA TE XULOI$, CALKWI DE-KAI SIDHRWI 'ION,
KAI, "OPER LEGW0, SCEDON PASI SUMFUTON "EKASTWI KAKON TE-KAI
NOSHMA:
'EGWG', 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N "OTAN TWI TI TOUTWN PROSGENHTAI, PONHRON TE POIEI0
"WI PROSEGENETO, KAI TELEUTWN "OLON DIELUSEN KAI 'APWLESEN:
PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
TO SUMFUTON 'A=RA KAKON "EKASTOU KAI "H PONHRIA "EKASTON
'APOLLUSIN0, 'H= 'EI MH TOUTO 'APOLEI2, 'OUK 'AN4 'ALLO GE 'AUTO 'ETI
<P 609B>
DIAFQEIREIEN. 'OU-GAR TO GE 'AGAQON MH POTE TI 'APOLESHI6,
'OUDE 'AU TO MHTE KAKON MHTE 'AGAQON.
PW*$ GAR 'AN4: 'EFH.
'EA=N 'A=RA TI "EURISKWMEN TWN 'ONTWN0, "WI 'ESTI MEN KAKON "O=
POIEI0 'AUTO MOCQHRON, TOUTO MENTOI 'OUC "OION-TE 'AUTO LUEIN
'APOLLUON, 'OUK 'HDH 'EISOMEQA "OTI4 TOU* PEFUKOTO$ "OUTW$ 'OLEQRO$
'OUK 'H*N:
"OUTW$, 'EFH, 'EIKO$.
TI= 'OUN: 'H*N-D'-'EGW; YUCHI 'A*R' 'OUK 'ESTIN "O= POIEI0 'AUTHN
KAKHN:
KAI MALA, 'EFH; "A NUNDH DIHIMEN PANTA, 'ADIKIA TE-KAI
<P 609C>
'AKOLASIA KAI DEILIA KAI 'AMAQIA.
'H*-'OUN TI TOUTWN 'AUTHN DIALUEI0 TE-KAI 'APOLLUSI0: KAI
'ENNOEI5 MH 'EXAPATHQWMEN 'OIHQENTE$ TON 'ADIKON 'ANQRWPON KAI
'ANOHTON, "OTAN LHFQHI 'ADIKWN, TO=TE 'APOLWLENAI "UPO TH$
'ADIKIA$, PONHRIA$ 'OUSH$ YUCH$. 'ALL' "WDE POIEI5; "WSPER
SWMA "H SWMATO$ PONHRIA NOSO$ 'OUSA THKEI0 KAI DIOLLUSI0
KAI 'AGEI0 'EI$ TO MHDE SWMA 'EINAI, KAI "A NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN
<P 609D>
"APANTA "UPO TH$ 'OIKEIA$ KAKIA$, TW*I PROSKAQHSQAI KAI 'ENEINAI
DIAFQEIROUSH$, 'EI$ TO MH 'EINAI 'AFIKNEITAI % 'OUC "OUTW:
NAI.
'IQI DH, KAI YUCHN KATA TON 'AUTON TROPON SKOPEI5. 'A*RA
'ENOUSA 'EN 'AUTHI 'ADIKIA KAI "H 'ALLH KAKIA TW*I 'ENEINAI KAI
PROSKAQHSQAI FQEIREI0 'AUTHN KAI MARAINEI0, "EW$ 'AN4 'EI$ QANATON
'AGAGOUSA TOU* SWMATO$ CWRISHI6:
'OUDAMW$, 'EFH, TOUTO GE.
'ALLA=-MENTOI 'EKEINO GE 'ALOGON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, THN MEN 'ALLOU
PONHRIAN 'APOLLUNAI0 TI, THN DE "AUTOU MH.
'ALOGON.
<P 609E>
'ENNOEI5 GAR, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* GLAUKWN, "OTI4 'OUD' "UPO TH$
TWN SITIWN PONHRIA$, "H=4 'AN4 'HI 'AUTWN 'EKEINWN, 'EI=TE PALAIOTH$
'EI=TE SAPROTH$ 'EI=TE "HTISOUN 'OUSA, 'OUK 'OIOMEQA DEIN SWMA
'APOLLUSQAI; 'ALL' 'EA=N MEN 'EMPOIHI5 "H 'AUTWN PONHRIA TWN
SITIWN TW*I SWMATI SWMATO$ MOCQHRIAN, FHSOMEN 'AUTO DI'
'EKEINA "UPO TH$ "AUTOU KAKIA$ NOSOU 'OUSH$ 'APOLWLENAI; "UPO


<P 610A>
DE SITIWN PONHRIA$ 'ALLWN 'ONTWN0 'ALLO 'ON TO SWMA, "UP'
'ALLOTRIOU KAKOU MH 'EMPOIHSANTO$ TO 'EMFUTON KAKON, 'OUDEPOTE
'AXIWSOMEN DIAFQEIRESQAI.
'ORQOTAT' 'AU, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
KATA TON 'AUTON TOINUN LOGON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EA=N MH SWMATO$
PONHRIA YUCHI YUCH$ PONHRIAN 'EMPOIHI5, MH POTE 'AXIWMEN "UPO
'ALLOTRIOU KAKOU 'ANEU TH$ 'IDIA$ PONHRIA$ YUCHN 'APOLLUSQAI,
TW*I "ETEROU KAKWI "ETERON.
'ECEI0 GAR, 'EFH, LOGON.
'H= TOINUN TAUTA 'EXELEGXWMEN "OTI4 'OU KALW$ LEGOMEN, 'H=
<P 610B>
"EW$ 'AN4 'HI 'ANELEGKTA MH POTE FWMEN "UPO PURETOU MHD' 'AU
"UP' 'ALLH$ NOSOU MHD' 'AU "UPO SFAGH$, MHD' 'EI TI$ "OTI2
SMIKROTATA "OLON TO SWMA KATATEMOI, "ENEKA TOUTWN MHDEN
MALLON POTE YUCHN 'APOLLUSQAI, PRIN 'AN4 TI$ 'APODEIXHI6
"W$ DIA= TAUTA TA PAQHMATA TOU* SWMATO$ 'AUTH 'EKEINH
'ADIKWTE=RA KAI 'ANOSIWTE=RA GIGNETAI; 'ALLOTRIOU DE KAKOU
'EN 'ALLWI GIGNOMENOU, TOU* DE 'IDIOU "EKASTWI MH 'EGGIGNOMENOU,
<P 610C>
MHTE YUCHN MHTE 'ALLO MHDEN 'EWMEN2 FANAI TINA
'APOLLUSQAI.
'ALLA=-MENTOI, 'EFH, TOUTO GE 'OUDEI$ POTE DEIXEI2, "W$ TWN
'APOQNHISKONTWN0 'ADIKWTERAI "AI YUCAI DIA= TON QANATON
GIGNONTAI.
'EA=N DE-GE TI$, 'EFHN 'EGW, "OMOSE TW*I LOGWI TOLMA*I2 'IENAI
KAI LEGEIN "W$ PONHROTERO$ KAI 'ADIKWTERO$ GIGNETAI "O 'APOQNHISKWN,
"INA DH MH 'ANAGKAZHTAI 'AQANATOU$ TA$ YUCA$ "OMOLOGEIN,
'AXIWSOMEN POU, 'EI 'ALHQH LEGEI0 "O TAUTA LEGWN, THN
'ADIKIAN 'EINAI QANASIMON TW*I 'ECONTI "WSPER NOSON, KAI "UP'
<P 610D>
'AUTOU4, TOU* 'APOKTEINUNTO$ THI "EAUTOU FUSEI, 'APOQNHISKEIN
TOU$ LAMBANONTA$ 'AUTO, TOU$ MEN MALISTA QATTON, TOU$ D'
"HTTON SCOLAITERON, 'ALLA= MH "WSPER NU*N DIA= TOUTO "UP' 'ALLWN
DIKHN 'EPITIQENTWN0 'APOQNHISKOUSIN0 "OI 'ADIKOI.
MA DI=', 'H*-D'-"O$, 'OUK-'A=RA PANDEINON FANEITAI "H 'ADIKIA,
'EI QANASIMON 'ESTAI TW*I LAMBANONTI % 'APALLAGH GAR 'AN4 'EIH
KAKWN % 'ALLA= MALLON 'OIMAI 'AUTHN FANHSESQAI PAN 'TOUNANTION
<P 610E>
TOU$ 'ALLOU$ 'APOKTEINUSAN, 'EIPER "OION-TE, TON D' 'ECONTA
KAI MALA ZWTIKON PARECOUSAN, KAI PRO$ G' 'ETI TW*I ZWTIKWI
'AGRUPNON; "OUTW PORRW POU, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'ESKHNHTAI TOU*
QANASIMO$ 'EINAI.
KALW$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, LEGEI$. "OPOTE GAR-DH MH "IKANH "H GE
'OIKEI=A PONHRIA KAI TO 'OIKEION KAKON 'APOKTEINAI0 KAI 'APOLESAI0
YUCHN, SCOLHI TO GE 'EP' 'ALLOU 'OLEQRWI TETAGMENON KAKON
YUCHN 'H= TI 'ALLO 'APOLEI2, PLHN 'EF' "WI TETAKTAI.
SCOLHI G', 'EFH, "W$ GE TO 'EIKO$.
'OUKOU*N "OPOTE MHD' "UF' "ENO$ 'APOLLUTAI KAKOU, MHTE


<P 611A>
'OIKEIOU MHTE 'ALLOTRIOU, DHLON "OTI4 'ANAGKH 'AUTO 'AEI 'ON 'EINAI;
'EI D' 'AEI 'ON, 'AQANATON.
'ANAGKH, 'EFH.
TOUTO MEN-TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OUTW$ 'ECETW; 'EI D' 'ECEI0,
'ENNOEI$ "OTI4 'AEI 'AN4 'EIEN "AI 'AUTAI. 'OUTE-GAR 'AN4 POU 'ELATTOU$
GENOINTO MHDEMIA$ 'APOLLUMENH$, 'OUTE 'AU PLEIOU$; 'EI GAR
"OTIOUN TWN 'AQANATWN PLEON GIGNOITO, 'OISQ' "OTI4 'EK TOU* QNHTOU
'AN4 GIGNOITO KAI PANTA 'AN4 'EIH TELEUTWNTA 'AQANATA.
'ALHQH LEGEI$.
'ALL', 'H*N-D'-'EGW, MHTE TOUTO 'OIWMEQA % "O GAR LOGO$ 'OUK
<P 611B>
'EASEI2 % MHTE-GE 'AU THI 'ALHQESTATHI FUSEI TOIOUTON 'EINAI
YUCHN, "WSTE POLLH$ POIKILIA$ KAI 'ANOMOIOTHTO$ TE-KAI
DIAFORA$ GEMEIN 'AUTO PRO$ "AUTO.
PW*$ LEGEI$: 'EFH.
'OU "RA\DION, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'AIDION 'EINAI SUNQETON TE 'EK POLLWN
KAI MH THI KALLISTHI KECRHMENON SUNQESEI, "W$ NU*N "HMIN
'EFANH "H YUCH.
'OU=KOUN 'EIKO$ GE.
"OTI4 MEN-TOINUN 'AQANATON YUCH, KAI "O 'ARTI LOGO$ KAI "OI
'ALLOI 'ANAGKASEIAN 'AN4; "OION D' 'ESTIN THI 'ALHQEIA\, 'OU LELWBHMENON
<P 611C>
DEI 'AUTO QEASASQAI "UPO TE TH$ TOU* SWMATO$ KOINWNIA$
KAI 'ALLWN KAKWN, "WSPER NU*N "HMEI$ QEWMEQA0, 'ALL' "OION
'ESTIN KAQARON GIGNOMENON, TOIOUTON "IKANW$ LOGISMWI DIAQEATEON,
KAI POLU GE KALLION 'AUTO "EURHSEI2 KAI 'ENARGESTERON
DIKAIOSUNA$ TE-KAI 'ADIKIA$ DIOYETAI KAI PANTA "A NU*N DIHLQOMEN.
NU*N DE 'EIPOMEN MEN 'ALHQH PERI= 'AUTOU4, "OION 'EN TW*I PARONTI
FAINETAI; TEQEAMEQA MENTOI DIAKEIMENON 'AUTO, "WSPER "OI TON
<P 611D>
QALATTION GLAUKON "ORWNTE$ 'OUK 'AN4 'ETI "RA\DIW$ 'AUTOU4 'IDOIEN
THN 'ARCAIAN FUSIN, "UPO TOU* TA TE PALAIA TOU* SWMATO$
MERH TA MEN 'EKKEKLASQAI, TA DE SUNTETRIFQAI KAI PANTW$
LELWBHSQAI "UPO TWN KUMATWN, 'A=LLA DE PROSPEFUKENAI,
'OSTREA TE-KAI FUKIA KAI PETRA$, "WSTE PANTI MALLON QHRIWI
'EOIKENAI 'H= "OIO$ 'H*N FUSEI, "OUTW KAI THN YUCHN "HMEI$ QEWMEQA0
DIAKEIMENHN "UPO MURIWN KAKWN. 'ALLA= DEI, 'W* GLAUKWN, 'EKEISE
BLEPEIN.
POI*: 'H*-D'-"O$.
<P 611E>
'EI$ THN FILOSOFIAN 'AUTH$, KAI 'ENNOEIN "WN "APTETAI KAI
"OIWN 'EFIETAI "OMILIWN, "W$ SUGGENH$ 'OUSA TW*I TE QEIWI KAI
'AQANATWI KAI TW*I 'AEI 'ONTI, KAI "OI=A 'AN4 GENOITO TW*I TOIOUTWI
PASA 'EPISPOMENH KAI "UPO TAUTH$ TH$ "ORMH$ 'EKKOMISQEISA
'EK TOU* PONTOU 'EN "WI NU*N 'ESTIN, KAI PERIKROUSQEISA PETRA$


<P 612A>
TE-KAI 'OSTREA "A NU*N 'AUTHI, "ATE GHN "ESTIWMENHI, GEHRA KAI
PETRWDH POLLA KAI 'A=GRIA PERIPEFUKEN0 "UPO TWN 'EUDAIMONWN
LEGOMENWN "ESTIASEWN. KAI TO=T' 'AN4 TI$ 'IDOI 'AUTH$ THN 'ALHQH
FUSIN, 'EI=TE POLUEIDH$ 'EI=TE MONOEIDH$, 'EI=TE "OPHI 'ECEI0 KAI
"OPW$; NU*N DE TA 'EN TW*I 'ANQRWPINWI BIWI PAQH TE-KAI 'EIDH,
"W$ 'EGWIMAI, 'EPIEIKW$ 'AUTH$ DIELHLUQAMEN.
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, TA TE 'A=LLA 'APELUSAMEQA 'EN TW*I LOGWI,
<P 612B>
KAI 'OU TOU$ MISQOU$ 'OUDE TA$ DOXA$ DIKAIOSUNH$ 'EPHINEKAMEN,
"WSPER "HSIODON TE-KAI "OMHRON "UMEI$ 'EFATE, 'ALL' 'AUTO
DIKAIOSUNHN 'AUTHI YUCHI 'ARISTON "HUROMEN, KAI POIHTEON 'EINAI
'AUTHI TA DI=KAIA, 'EANT' 'ECHI5 TON GUGOU DAKTULION, 'EANTE MH,
KAI PRO$ TOIOUTWI DAKTULIWI THN 'AIDO$ KUNHN:
'ALHQESTATA, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
'A*R'-'OUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'W* GLAUKWN, NU*N 'HDH 'ANEPIFQONON
'ESTIN PRO$ 'EKEINOI$ KAI TOU$ MISQOU$ THI DIKAIOSUNHI KAI THI
<P 612C>
'ALLHI 'ARETHI 'APODOUNAI0, "OSOU$ TE-KAI "OIOU$ THI YUCHI PARECEI0
PAR' 'ANQRWPWN TE-KAI QEWN, ZWNTO$ TE 'ETI TOU* 'ANQRWPOU
KAI 'EPEIDAN TELEUTHSHI6:
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN, 'H*-D'-"O$.
'A*R'-'OUN 'APODWSETE MOI "A 'EDANEISASQE 'EN TW*I LOGWI:
TI= MALISTA:
'EDWKA "UMIN TON DIKAION DOKEIN 'ADIKON 'EINAI KAI TON
'ADIKON DIKAION; "UMEI$ GAR 'HITEISQE, 'KAN4 'EI MH DUNATON 'EIH
TAUTA LANQANEIN KAI QEOU$ KAI 'ANQRWPOU$, "OMW$ DOTEON 'EINAI
TOU* LOGOU "ENEKA, "INA 'AUTH DIKAIOSUNH PRO$ 'ADIKIAN 'AUTHN
<P 612D>
KRIQEIH. 'H= 'OU MNHMONEUEI$:
'ADIKOIHN 'MENTAN4, 'EFH, 'EI MH.
'EPEIDH TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, KEKRIMENAI-'EISI, PALIN 'APAITW0
"UPER DIKAIOSUNH$, "WSPER 'ECEI0 DOXH$ KAI PARA QEWN KAI PAR'
'ANQRWPWN, KAI "HMA$ "OMOLOGEIN PERI= 'AUTH$ DOKEISQAI "OUTW,
"INA KAI TA NIKHTHRIA KOMISHTAI, 'APO TOU* DOKEIN KTWMENH "A
DIDWSI TOI$ 'ECOUSIN4 'AUTHN, 'EPEIDH KAI TA 'APO TOU* 'EINAI
'AGAQA DIDOUSA 'EFANH KAI 'OUK 'EXAPATWSA TOU$ TW*I-'ONTI
LAMBANONTA$ 'AUTHN.
<P 612E>
DI=KAIA, 'EFH, 'AITHI0.
'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PRWTON MEN TOUTO 'APODWSETE, "OTI4
QEOU$ GE 'OU LANQANEI0 "EKATERO$ 'AUTWN "OIO$ 'ESTIN:
'APODWSOMEN, 'EFH.
'EI DE MH LANQANETON0, "O MEN QEOFILH$ 'AN4 'EIH, "O DE
QEOMISH$, "WSPER KAI KAT' 'ARCA$ "WMOLOGOUMEN.
'ESTI TAUTA.
TW*I DE QEOFILEI 'OUC "OMOLOGHSOMEN, "OSA GE 'APO QEWN


<P 613A>
GIGNETAI, PANTA GIGNESQAI "W$ "OION-TE 'ARISTA, 'EI MH TI
'ANAGKAION 'AUTWI KAKON 'EK PROTERA$ "AMARTIA$ "UPHRCEN:
PANU MEN-'OUN.
"OUTW$ 'A=RA "UPOLHPTEON PERI= TOU* DIKAIOU 'ANDRO$, 'EANT'
'EN PENIA\ GIGNHTAI 'EANT' 'EN NOSOI$ 'H= TINI 'ALLWI TWN DOKOUNTWN0
KAKWN, "W$ TOUTWI TAUTA 'EI$ 'AGAQON TI TELEUTHSEI2 ZWNTI
'H=-KAI 'APOQANONTI. 'OU-GAR-DH "UPO GE QEWN POTE 'AMELEITAI
"O$4 'AN4 PROQUMEISQAI 'EQELHI5 DIKAIO$ GIGNESQAI KAI 'EPITHDEUWN
<P 613B>
'ARETHN 'EI$ "OSON DUNATON 'ANQRWPWI "OMOIOUSQAI QEWI.
'EIKO$ G', 'EFH, TON TOIOUTON MH 'AMELEISQAI "UPO TOU*
"OMOIOU.
'OUKOU*N PERI= TOU* 'ADIKOU 'TANANTIA TOUTWN DEI DIANOEISQAI:
SFO=DRA GE.
TA MEN-DH PARA QEWN TOIAUT' 'ATT' 'AN4 'EIH NIKHTHRIA TW*I
DIKAIWI.
KATA GOUN 'EMHN DOXAN, 'EFH.
TI= DE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PAR' 'ANQRWPWN: 'A*R' 'OUC "WDE 'ECEI0, 'EI
DEI TO 'ON TIQENAI: 'OUC "OI MEN DEINOI TE-KAI 'ADIKOI DRWSIN0
"OPER "OI DROMH$ "OSOI 'AN4 QEWSIN3 'EU 'APO TWN KATW, 'APO DE
TWN 'ANW MH: TO MEN PRWTON 'OXEW$ 'APOPHDWSIN0, TELEUTWNTE$
<P 613C>
DE KATAGELASTOI GIGNONTAI, TA 'WTA 'EPI TWN 'WMWN 'ECONTE$
KAI 'ASTEFANWTOI 'APOTRECONTE$; "OI DE THI 'ALHQEIA\ DROMIKOI
'EI$ TELO$ 'ELQONTE$ TA TE 'AQLA LAMBANOUSIN0 KAI STEFANOUNTAI.
'OUC "OUTW KAI PERI= TWN DIKAIWN TO POLU SUMBAINEI0:
PRO$ TO TELO$ "EKASTH$ PRAXEW$ KAI "OMILIA$ KAI TOU* BIOU
'EUDOKIMOUSI0 TE-KAI TA 'AQLA PARA TWN 'ANQRWPWN FERONTAI:
KAI MALA.
'ANEXHI2 'A=RA LEGONTO$ 'EMOU4 PERI= TOUTWN "APER 'AUTO$ 'ELEGE$
<P 613D>
PERI= TWN 'ADIKWN: 'ERW2 GAR-DH "OTI4 "OI MEN DIKAIOI, 'EPEIDAN
PRESBUTEROI GENWNTAI, 'EN THI "AUTWN POLEI 'ARCOUSI0 TE 'AN2
BOULWNTAI TA$ 'ARCA$, GAMOUSI0 TE "OPOQEN 'AN4 BOULWNTAI,
'EKDIDOASI TE 'EI$ "OU$ 'AN4 'EQELWSI; KAI PANTA "A SU PERI=
'EKEINWN, 'EGW NU*N LEGW0 PERI= TWNDE. KAI 'AU KAI PERI= TWN
'ADIKWN, "OTI4 "OI POLLOI 'AUTWN, KAI 'EA=N NEOI 'ONTE$ LAQWSIN,
'EPI TELOU$ TOU* DROMOU "AIREQENTE$ KATAGELASTOI 'EISIN KAI
GERONTE$ GIGNOMENOI 'AQLIOI PROPHLAKIZONTAI "UPO XENWN TE-KAI
<P 613E>
'ASTWN, MASTIGOUMENOI KAI "A 'AGROIKA 'EFHSQA SU 'EINAI,
'ALHQH LEGWN % 'EITA STREBLWSONTAI KAI 'EKKAUQHSONTAI %
PANTA 'EKEINA 'OIOU KAI 'EMOU4 'AKHKOENAI "W$ PASCOUSIN0. 'ALL'
"O= LEGW0, "ORA 'EI 'ANEXHI2.
KAI PANU, 'EFH; DI=KAIA GAR LEGEI$.
"A MEN-TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, ZWNTI TW*I DIKAIWI PARA QEWN TE-KAI


<P 614A>
'ANQRWPWN 'AQLA TE-KAI MISQOI KAI DWRA GIGNETAI PRO$
'EKEINOI$ TOI$ 'AGAQOI$ "OI$ 'AUTH PAREICETO "H DIKAIOSUNH, TOIAUT'
'AN4 'EIH.
KAI MAL', 'EFH, KALA TE-KAI BE=BAIA.
TAUTA TOINUN, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OUDEN 'ESTI PLHQEI 'OUDE MEGEQEI
PRO$ 'EKEINA "A TELEUTHSANTA "EKATERON PERIMENEI0; CRH D'
'AUTA 'AKOUSAI0, "INA TELEW$ "EKATERO$ 'AUTWN 'APEILHFHI TA "UPO
TOU* LOGOU 'OFEILOMENA 'AKOUSAI0.
<P 614B>
LEGOI$ 'AN4, 'EFH, "W$ 'OU POLLA 'A=LL'0 "HDION 'AKOUONTI.
'ALL'-'OU-MENTOI SOI4, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'ALKINOU GE 'APOLOGON
'ERW2, 'ALL' 'ALKIMOU MEN 'ANDRO$, 'HRO$ TOU* 'ARMENIOU, TO
GENO$ PAMFULOU; "O$4 POTE 'EN POLEMWI TELEUTHSA$, 'ANAIREQENTWN5
DEKATAIWN TWN NEKRWN 'HDH DIEFQARMENWN, "UGIH$ MEN
'ANHIREQH, KOMISQEI$ D' 'OIKADE MELLWN QAPTESQAI DWDEKATAIO$
'EPI THI PURA*I KEIMENO$ 'ANEBIW, 'ANABIOU$ D' 'ELEGEN "A 'EKEI
'IDOI. 'EFH DE, 'EPEIDH "OU0 'EKBHNAI0, THN YUCHN POREUESQAI
<P 614C>
META POLLWN, KAI 'AFIKNEISQAI SFA$ 'EI$ TOPON TINA DAIMONION,
'EN "WI TH$ TE GH$ DU' 'EINAI CASMATA 'ECOMENW 'ALLHLOIN KAI
TOU* 'OURANOU 'AU 'EN TW*I 'ANW 'A=LLA KATANTIKRU. DIKASTA$ DE
METAXU TOUTWN KAQHSQAI, "OU$, 'EPEIDH DIADIKASEIAN, TOU$ MEN
DIKAIOU$ KELEUEIN POREUESQAI THN 'EI$ DEXIAN TE-KAI 'ANW DIA=
TOU* 'OURANOU, SHMEIA PERIAYANTA$ TWN DEDIKASMENWN 'EN TW*I
PROSQEN, TOU$ DE 'ADIKOU$ THN 'EI$ 'ARISTERAN TE-KAI KATW,
'ECONTA$ KAI TOUTOU$ 'EN TW*I 'OPISQEN SHMEIA PANTWN "WN
<P 614D>
'EPRAXAN. "EAUTOU DE PROSELQONTO$ 'EIPEIN "OTI4 DEOI 'AUTON
'AGGELON 'ANQRWPOI$ GENESQAI TWN 'EKEI KAI DIAKELEUOINTO "OI2
'AKOUEIN TE-KAI QEASQAI PANTA TA 'EN TW*I TOPWI. "ORAN DH
TAUTHI MEN KAQ' "EKATERON TO CASMA TOU* 'OURANOU TE-KAI TH$
GH$ 'APIOUSA$ TA$ YUCA$, 'EPEIDH 'AUTAI$ DIKASQEIH, KATA DE
TW "ETERW 'EK MEN TOU* 'ANIENAI 'EK TH$ GH$ MESTA$ 'AUCMOU TE-KAI
KONEW$, 'EK DE TOU* "ETEROU KATABAINEIN "ETERA$ 'EK TOU*
<P 614E>
'OURANOU KAQARA$. KAI TA$ 'AEI 'AFIKNOUMENA$ "WSPER 'EK
POLLH$ POREIA$ FAINESQAI "HKEIN, KAI "ASMENA$ 'EI$ TON LEIMWNA
'APIOUSA$ "OION 'EN PANHGUREI KATASKHNASQAI, KAI 'ASPAZESQAI
TE 'ALLHLA$ "OSAI GNWRIMAI, KAI PUNQANESQAI TA$ TE
'EK TH$ GH$ "HKOUSA$ PARA TWN "ETERWN TA 'EKEI KAI TA$ 'EK
TOU* 'OURANOU TA PAR' 'EKEINAI$. DIHGEISQAI DE 'ALLHLAI$ TA$


<P 615A>
MEN 'ODUROMENA$ TE-KAI KLAOUSA$, 'ANAMIMNHISKOMENA$ "OSA TE-KAI
"OI*A PAQOIEN KAI 'IDOIEN 'EN THI "UPO GH$ POREIA\ % 'EINAI DE
THN POREIAN CILIETH % TA$ D' 'AU 'EK TOU* 'OURANOU 'EUPAQEIA$
DIHGEISQAI KAI QEA$ 'AMHCANOU$ TO KALLO$. TA MEN-'OUN
POLLA, 'W* GLAUKWN, POLLOU CRONOU DIHGHSASQAI; TO D'-'OUN
KEFALAION 'EFH TODE 'EINAI, "OSA PWPOTE TINA 'HDIKHSAN KAI
"OSOU$ "EKASTOI, "UPER "APANTWN DIKHN DEDWKENAI 'EN MEREI,
"UPER "EKASTOU DEKAKI$ % TOUTO D' 'EINAI KATA "EKATONTAETHRIDA
<P 615B>
"EKASTHN, "W$ BIOU 'ONTO$ TOSOUTOU TOU* 'ANQRWPINOU % "INA DEKAPLASION
TO 'EKTEISMA TOU* 'ADIKHMATO$ 'EKTINOIEN, KAI "OION 'EI
TINE$ POLLOI$ QANATWN 'HSAN 'AITIOI, 'H= POLEI$ PRODONTE$ 'H=
STRATOPEDA, KAI 'EI$ DOULEIA$ 'EMBEBLHKOTE$ 'H= TINO$ 'ALLH$
KAKOUCIA$ METAITIOI, PANTWN TOUTWN DEKAPLASIA$ 'ALGHDONA$
"UPER "EKASTOU KOMISAINTO, KAI 'AU 'EI TINA$ 'EUERGESIA$ 'EUERGETHKOTE$
KAI DIKAIOI KAI "OSIOI GEGONOTE$-'EIEN, KATA 'TAUTA
<P 615C>
THN 'AXIAN KOMIZOINTO. TWN DE 'EUQU$ GENOMENWN KAI 'OLIGON
CRONON BIOUNTWN0 PE=RI 'A=LLA 'ELEGEN 'OUK 'A=XIA MNHMH$. 'EI$
DE QEOU$ 'ASEBEIA$ TE-KAI 'EUSEBEIA$ KAI GONEA$ KAI 'AUTOCEIRO$
FONOU MEIZOU$ 'ETI TOU$ MISQOU$ DIHGEITO.
'EFH GAR-DH PARAGENESQAI 'ERWTWMENWI "ETERWI "UPO "ETEROU
"OPOU 'EIH 'ARDIAIO$ "O MEGA$. "O DE 'ARDIAIO$ "OUTO$ TH$
PAMFULIA$ 'EN TINI POLEI TURANNO$ 'EGEGONEI, 'HDH CILIOSTON
'ETO$ 'EI$ 'EKEINON TON CRONON, GERONTA TE PATERA 'APOKTEINA$
<P 615D>
KAI PRESBUTERON 'ADELFON, KAI 'A=LLA DH POLLA TE-KAI 'ANO=SIA
'EIRGASMENO$, "W$ 'ELEGETO. 'EFH 'OUN TON 'ERWTWMENON 'EIPEIN,
'OUC "HKEI0, FANAI, 'OUD' 'AN4 "HXEI2 DEURO. 'EQEASAMEQA GAR-'OUN-DH-KAI
TOUTO TWN DEINWN QEAMATWN; 'EPEIDH 'EGGU$ TOU*
STOMIOU 'HMEN MELLONTE$ 'ANIENAI KAI 'TALLA PANTA PEPONQOTE$,
'EKEINON TE KATEIDOMEN 'EXAIFNH$ KAI 'ALLOU$ % SCEDON TI 'AUTWN
TOU$ PLEISTOU$ TURANNOU$; 'HSAN DE-KAI 'IDIWTAI TINE$ TWN
<P 615E>
MEGALA "HMARTHKOTWN % "OU$ 'OIOMENOU$ 'HDH 'ANABHSESQAI 'OUK
'EDECETO TO STOMION, 'ALL' 'EMUKATO "OPOTE TI$ TWN "OUTW$
'ANIATW$ 'ECONTWN0 'EI$ PONHRIAN 'H= MH "IKANW$ DEDWKW$ DIKHN
'EPICEIROI 'ANIENAI. 'ENTAUQA DH 'ANDRE$, 'EFH, 'AGRIOI, DIAPUROI
'IDEIN, PARESTWTE$ KAI KATAMANQANONTE$ TO FQEGMA, TOU$ MEN
DIALABONTE$ 'HGON, TON DE 'ARDIAION KAI 'ALLOU$ SUMPODISANTE$


<P 616A>
CEIRA$ TE-KAI PODA$ KAI KEFALHN, KATABALONTE$ KAI
'EKDEIRANTE$, "EILKON PARA THN "ODON 'EKTO$ 'EP' 'ASPALAQWN
KNAMPTONTE$, KAI TOI$ 'AEI PARIOUSI SHMAINONTE$ "WN "ENEKA
TE-KAI "OTI4 'EI$ TON TARTARON 'EMPESOUMENOI 'AGOINTO. 'ENQA
DH FOBWN, 'EFH, POLLWN KAI PANTODAPWN SFISI GEGONOTWN,
TOUTON "UPERBALLEIN, MH GENOITO "EKASTWI TO FQEGMA "OTE
'ANABAINOI, KAI "ASMENESTATA "EKASTON SIGHSANTO$ 'ANABHNAI0.
KAI TA$ MEN-DH DIKA$ TE-KAI TIMWRIA$ TOIAUTA$ TINA$
<P 616B>
'EINAI, KAI 'AU TA$ 'EUERGESIA$ TAUTAI$ 'ANTISTROFOU$. 'EPEIDH
DE TOI$ 'EN TW*I LEIMWNI "EKASTOI$ "EPTA "HMERAI GENOINTO, 'ANASTANTA$
'ENTEUQEN DEIN THI 'OGDOHI POREUESQAI, KAI 'AFIKNEISQAI
TETARTAIOU$ "OQEN KAQORAN 'ANWQEN DIA= PANTO$ TOU* 'OURANOU
KAI GH$ TETAMENON FW$ 'EUQU, "OION KIONA, MALISTA THI 'IRIDI
PROSFERH, LAMPROTERON DE-KAI KAQARWTERON; 'EI$ "O= 'AFIKESQAI
PROELQONTE$ "HMERHSIAN "ODON, KAI 'IDEIN 'AUTOQI KATA
<P 616C>
MESON TO FW$ 'EK TOU* 'OURANOU TA 'AKRA 'AUTOU4 TWN DESMWN
TETAMENA % 'EINAI GAR TOUTO TO FW$ SUNDESMON TOU* 'OURANOU,
"OION TA "UPOZWMATA TWN TRIHRWN, "OUTW PASAN SUNECON THN
PERIFORAN % 'EK DE TWN 'AKRWN TETAMENON 'ANAGKH$ 'ATRAKTON,
DI' "OU2 PASA$ 'EPISTREFESQAI TA$ PERIFORA$; "OU2 THN MEN
'HLAKATHN TE-KAI TO 'AGKISTRON 'EINAI 'EX 'ADAMANTO$, TON DE
SFONDULON MEIKTON 'EK TE TOUTOU KAI 'ALLWN GENWN. THN DE
<P 616D>
TOU* SFONDULOU FUSIN 'EINAI TOIANDE; TO MEN SCHMA "OI=APER "H
TOU* 'ENQADE, NOHSAI0 DE DEI 'EX "WN 'ELEGEN TOIONDE 'AUTON 'EINAI,
"WSPER 'AN4 'EI 'EN "ENI MEGALWI SFONDULWI KOILWI KAI 'EXEGLUMMENWI
DIAMPERE$ 'ALLO$ TOIOUTO$ 'ELATTWN 'EGKEOITO "ARMOTTWN,
KAQAPER "OI KADOI "OI 'EI$ 'ALLHLOU$ "ARMOTTONTE$, KAI "OUTW DH
TRITON 'ALLON KAI TETARTON KAI 'ALLOU$ TETTARA$. 'OKTW GAR
'EINAI TOU$ SUMPANTA$ SFONDULOU$, 'EN 'ALLHLOI$ 'EGKEIMENOU$,
<P 616E>
KUKLOU$ 'ANWQEN TA CEILH FAINONTA$, NWTON SUNECE$ "ENO$
SFONDULOU 'APERGAZOMENOU$ PERI= THN 'HLAKATHN; 'EKEINHN DE
DIA= MESOU TOU* 'OGDOOU DIAMPERE$ 'ELHLASQAI. TON MEN-'OUN
PRWTON TE-KAI 'EXWTATW SFONDULON PLATUTATON TON TOU*
CEILOU$ KUKLON 'ECEIN, TON DE TOU* "EKTOU DEUTERON, TRITON DE
TON TOU* TETARTOU, TETARTON DE TON TOU* 'OGDOOU, PEMPTON DE
TON TOU* "EBDOMOU, "EKTON DE TON TOU* PEMPTOU, "EBDOMON DE TON
TOU* TRITOU, 'OGDOON DE TON TOU* DEUTEROU. KAI TON MEN TOU*
MEGISTOU POIKILON, TON DE TOU* "EBDOMOU LAMPROTATON, TON DE


<P 617A>
TOU* 'OGDOOU TO CRWMA 'APO TOU* "EBDOMOU 'ECEIN PROSLAMPONTO$,
TON DE TOU* DEUTEROU KAI PEMPTOU PARAPLH=SIA 'ALLHLOI$,
XANQO=TERA 'EKEINWN, TRITON DE LEUKOTATON CRWMA 'ECEIN, TETARTON
DE "UPERUQRON, DEUTERON DE LEUKOTHTI TON "EKTON. KUKLEISQAI
DE-DH STREFOMENON TON 'ATRAKTON "OLON MEN THN 'AUTHN
FORAN, 'EN DE TW*I "OLWI PERIFEROMENWI TOU$ MEN 'ENTO$ "EPTA
KUKLOU$ THN 'ENANTIAN TW*I "OLWI 'HREMA PERIFERESQAI, 'AUTWN DE
TOUTWN TACISTA MEN 'IENAI TON 'OGDOON, DEUTEROU$ DE-KAI "AMA
<P 617B>
'ALLHLOI$ TON TE "EBDOMON KAI "EKTON KAI PEMPTON; TON8 TRITON
DE FORA*I 'IENAI, "W$ SFISI FAINESQAI, 'EPANAKUKLOUMENON TON
TETARTON, TETARTON DE TON TRITON KAI PEMPTON TON DEUTERON.
STREFESQAI DE 'AUTON 'EN TOI$ TH$ 'ANAGKH$ GONASIN. 'EPI DE
TWN KUKLWN 'AUTOU4 'ANWQEN 'EF' "EKASTOU BEBHKENAI SEIRHNA
SUMPERIFEROMENHN, FWNHN MIAN "IEISAN, "ENA TONON; 'EK PASWN
DE 'OKTW 'OUSWN MIAN "ARMONIAN SUMFWNEIN. 'ALLA$ DE KAQHMENA$
<P 617C>
PERIX DI' 'ISOU TREI$, 'EN QRONWI "EKASTHN, QUGATERA$ TH$
'ANAGKH$, MOIRA$, LEUCEIMONOUSA$, STEMMATA 'EPI TWN KEFALWN
'ECOUSA$, LACESIN TE-KAI KLWQW KAI 'ATROPON, "UMNEIN
PRO$ THN TWN SEIRHNWN "ARMONIAN, LACESIN MEN TA GEGONOTA,
KLWQW DE TA 'ONTA, 'ATROPON DE TA MELLONTA. KAI THN MEN
KLWQW THI DEXIA*I CEIRI 'EFAPTOMENHN SUNEPISTREFEIN TOU*
'ATRAKTOU THN 'EXW PERIFORAN, DIALEIPOUSAN CRONON, THN DE
'ATROPON THI 'ARISTERA*I TA$ 'ENTO$ 'AU "WSAUTW$; THN DE LACESIN
<P 617D>
'EN MEREI "EKATERA$ "EKATERA\ THI CEIRI 'EFAPTESQAI. SFA$ 'OUN,
'EPEIDH 'AFIKESQAI, 'EUQU$ DEIN 'IENAI PRO$ THN LACESIN. PROFHTHN
'OUN TINA SFA$ PRWTON MEN 'EN TAXEI DIASTHSAI0, 'EPEITA
LABONTA 'EK TWN TH$ LACESEW$ GONATWN KLHROU$ TE-KAI BIWN
PARADEIGMATA, 'ANABANTA 'EPI TI BHMA "UYHLON 'EIPEIN %
'ANAGKH$ QUGATRO$ KORH$ LACESEW$ LOGO$. YUCAI
'EFHMEROI, 'ARCH 'ALLH$ PERIODOU QNHTOU GENOU$ QANATHFOROU.
<P 617E>
'OUC "UMA$ DAIMWN LHXETAI, 'ALL' "UMEI$ DAIMONA "AIRHSESQE.
PRWTO$ D' "O LACWN PRWTO$ "AIREISQW BION "WI SUNESTAI 'EX
'ANAGKH$. 'ARETH DE 'ADESPOTON, "HN TIMWN KAI 'ATIMAZWN
PLEON KAI 'ELATTON 'AUTH$ "EKASTO$ "EXEI2. 'AITIA "ELOMENOU;
QEO$ 'ANAITIO$.
TAUTA 'EIPONTA "RIYAI0 'EPI PANTA$ TOU$ KLHROU$, TON
DE PAR' "AUTON PESONTA "EKASTON 'ANAIREISQAI PLHN "OU0, "E
DE 'OUK 'EA*N; TW*I DE 'ANELOMENWI DHLON 'EINAI "OPOSTO$ 'EILHCEI.


<P 618A>
META DE TOUTO 'AUQI$ TA TWN BIWN PARADEIGMATA 'EI$
TO PROSQEN SFWN QEINAI0 'EPI THN GHN, POLU PLEIW TWN
PARONTWN0. 'EINAI DE PANTODAPA; ZWIWN TE-GAR PANTWN BIOU$
KAI-DH-KAI TOU$ 'ANQRWPINOU$ "APANTA$. TURANNIDA$ TE-GAR
'EN 'AUTOI$ 'EINAI, TA$ MEN DIATELEI$, TA$ DE-KAI METAXU
DIAFQEIROMENA$ KAI 'EI$ PENIA$ TE-KAI FUGA$ KAI 'EI$ PTWCEIA$
TELEUTWSA$; 'EINAI DE-KAI DOKIMWN 'ANDRWN BIOU$,
TOU$ MEN 'EPI 'EIDESIN KAI KATA KALLH KAI THN 'ALLHN 'ISCUN
<P 618B>
TE-KAI 'AGWNIAN, TOU$ D' 'EPI GENESIN KAI PROGONWN 'ARETAI$,
KAI 'ADOKIMWN KATA TAUTA, "WSAUTW$ DE-KAI GUNAIKWN. YUCH$
DE TAXIN 'OUK 'ENEINAI DIA= TO 'ANAGKAIW$ 'ECEIN 'ALLON "ELOMENHN
BION 'ALLOIAN GIGNESQAI; TA D' 'A=LLA 'ALLHLOI$ TE-KAI PLOUTOI$
KAI PENIAI$, TA DE NOSOI$, TA D' "UGIEIAI$ MEMEICQAI,
TA DE-KAI MESOUN0 TOUTWN. 'ENQA DH, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'W* FILE
GLAUKWN, "O PA$ KINDUNO$ 'ANQRWPWI, KAI DIA= TAUTA MALISTA
<P 618C>
'EPIMELHTEON "OPW$ "EKASTO$ "HMWN TWN 'ALLWN MAQHMATWN
'AMELHSA$ TOUTOU TOU* MAQHMATO$ KAI ZHTHTH$ KAI MAQHTH$
'ESTAI, 'EA=N POQEN "OIO$-T'-'HI MAQEIN KAI 'EXEUREIN TI=$ 'AUTON
POIHSEI2 DUNATON KAI 'EPISTHMONA, BION KAI CRHSTON KAI PONHRON
DIAGIGNWSKONTA, TON BELTIW 'EK TWN DUNATWN 'AEI PANTACOU
"AIREISQAI; 'ANALOGIZOMENON PANTA TA NUNDH "RHQENTA
KAI SUNTIQEMENA 'ALLHLOI$ KAI DIAIROUMENA PRO$ 'ARETHN BIOU
PW*$ 'ECEI0, 'EIDENAI TI= KALLO$ PENIA\ 'H= PLOUTWI KRAQEN KAI
<P 618D>
META POI=A$ TINO$ YUCH$ "EXEW$ KAKON 'H= 'AGAQON 'ERGAZETAI,
KAI TI= 'EUGENEIAI KAI DUSGENEIAI KAI 'IDIWTEIAI KAI 'ARCAI KAI
'ISCUE$ KAI 'ASQENEIAI KAI 'EUMAQIAI KAI DUSMAQIAI KAI PANTA
TA TOIAUTA TWN FUSEI PERI= YUCHN 'ONTWN0 KAI TWN 'EPIKTHTWN
TI= SUGKERANNUMENA PRO$ 'ALLHLA 'ERGAZETAI, "WSTE 'EX "APANTWN
'AUTWN DUNATON 'EINAI SULLOGISAMENON "AIREISQAI, PRO$ THN
TH$ YUCH$ FUSIN 'APOBLEPONTA, TON TE CEIRW KAI TON 'AMEINW
<P 618E>
BION, CEIRW MEN KALOUNTA0 "O$4 'AUTHN 'EKEISE 'AXEI2, 'EI$ TO 'ADIKWTERAN
GIGNESQAI, 'AMEINW DE "OSTI$ 'EI$ TO DIKAIOTERAN. TA DE
'A=LLA PANTA CAIREIN 'EASEI2; "EWRAKAMEN GAR "OTI4 ZWNTI TE-KAI
TELEUTHSANTI "AU=TH KRATISTH "AIRESI$. 'ADAMANTINW$ DH


<P 619A>
DEI TAUTHN THN DOXAN 'ECONTA 'EI$ "AIDOU 'IENAI, "OPW$ 'AN4 'HI KAI
'EKEI 'ANEKPLHKTO$ "UPO PLOUTWN TE-KAI TWN TOIOUTWN KAKWN,
KAI MH 'EMPESWN 'EI$ TURANNIDA$ KAI 'ALLA$ TOIAUTA$ PRAXEI$
POLLA MEN 'ERGASHTAI KAI 'ANHKESTA KAKA, 'ETI DE 'AUTO$ MEIZW
PAQHI6, 'ALLA= GNWI TON MESON 'AEI TWN TOIOUTWN BION "AIREISQAI
KAI FEUGEIN TA "UPERBALLONTA "EKATERWSE KAI 'EN TWIDE TW*I
BIWI KATA TO DUNATON KAI 'EN PANTI TW*I 'EPEITA; "OUTW GAR
<P 619B>
'EUDAIMONESTATO$ GIGNETAI 'ANQRWPO$.
KAI-DH-'OUN-KAI TO=TE "O 'EKEIQEN 'AGGELO$ 'HGGELLE TON
MEN PROFHTHN "OUTW$ 'EIPEIN; KAI TELEUTAIWI 'EPIONTI, XUN
NWI "ELOMENWI, SUNTONW$ ZWNTI KEITAI BIO$ 'AGAPHTO$, 'OU
KAKO$. MHTE "O 'ARCWN "AIRESEW$ 'AMELEITW MHTE "O TELEUTWN
'AQUMEITW.
'EIPONTO$ DE TAUTA TON PRWTON LACONTA 'EFH 'EUQU$ 'EPIONTA
THN MEGISTHN TURANNIDA "ELESQAI, KAI "UPO 'AFROSUNH$ TE-KAI
LAIMARGIA$ 'OU PANTA "IKANW$ 'ANASKEYAMENON "ELESQAI, 'ALL'
<P 619C>
'AUTON LAQEIN 'ENOUSAN "EIMARMENHN PAIDWN "AUTOU BRWSEI$ KAI
'A=LLA KAKA; 'EPEIDH DE KATA SCOLHN SKEYASQAI, KOPTESQAI
TE-KAI 'ODURESQAI THN "AIRESIN, 'OUK 'EMMENONTA TOI$ PRORRHQEISIN
"UPO TOU* PROFHTOU; 'OU-GAR "EAUTON 'AITIASQAI TWN
KAKWN, 'ALLA= TUCHN TE-KAI DAIMONA$ KAI PANTA MALLON 'ANQ'
"EAUTOU. 'EINAI DE 'AUTON TWN 'EK TOU* 'OURANOU "HKONTWN0, 'EN
TETAGMENHI POLITEIA\ 'EN TW*I PROTERWI BIWI BEBIWKOTA, 'EQEI
<P 619D>
'ANEU FILOSOFIA$ 'ARETH$ METEILHFOTA. "W$ DE-KAI 'EIPEIN, 'OUK
'ELATTOU$ 'EINAI 'EN TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ "ALISKOMENOU$ TOU$ 'EK TOU*
'OURANOU "HKONTA$, "ATE PONWN 'AGUMNASTOU$; TWN D' 'EK TH$
GH$ TOU$ POLLOU$, "ATE 'AUTOU$ TE PEPONHKOTA$ 'ALLOU$ TE
"EWRAKOTA$, 'OUK 'EX 'EPIDROMH$ TA$ "AIRESEI$ POIEISQAI. DIO
DH-KAI METABOLHN TWN KAKWN KAI TWN 'AGAQWN TAI$ POLLAI$
TWN YUCWN GIGNESQAI KAI DIA= THN TOU* KLHROU TUCHN; 'EPEI
'EI TI$ 'AEI, "OPOTE 'EI$ TON 'ENQADE BION 'AFIKNOITO, "UGIW$ FILOSOFOI
<P 619E>
KAI "O KLHRO$ 'AUTWI TH$ "AIRESEW$ MH 'EN TELEUTAIOI$
PIPTOI, KINDUNEUEI0 'EK TWN 'EKEIQEN 'APAGGELLOMENWN 'OU MONON
'ENQADE 'EUDAIMONEIN 'AN4, 'ALLA=-KAI THN 'ENQENDE 'EKEISE KAI DEURO
PALIN POREIAN 'OUK 'AN4 CQONIAN KAI TRACEIAN POREUESQAI,
'ALLA= LEIAN TE-KAI 'OURANIAN.
TAUTHN GAR-DH 'EFH THN QEAN 'AXIAN 'EINAI 'IDEIN, "W$ "EKASTAI


<P 620A>
"AI YUCAI "HIROUNTO TOU$ BIOU$; 'ELEINHN TE-GAR 'IDEIN 'EINAI KAI
GELOIAN KAI QAUMASIAN. KATA SUNHQEIAN GAR TOU* PROTEROU
BIOU TA POLLA "AIREISQAI. 'IDEIN MEN-GAR YUCHN 'EFH THN
POTE 'ORFEW$ GENOMENHN KUKNOU BION "AIROUMENHN, MISEI TOU*
GUNAIKEIOU GENOU$ DIA= TON "UP' 'EKEINWN QANATON 'OUK 'EQELOUSAN
'EN GUNAIKI GENNHQEISAN GENESQAI; 'IDEIN DE THN QAMUROU
'AHDONO$ "ELOMENHN; 'IDEIN DE-KAI KUKNON METABALLONTA 'EI$
'ANQRWPINOU BIOU "AIRESIN, KAI 'A=LLA ZWIA MOUSIKA "WSAUTW$.
<P 620B>
'EIKOSTHN DE LACOUSAN YUCHN "ELESQAI LEONTO$ BION; 'EINAI
DE THN 'AIANTO$ TOU* TELAMWNIOU, FEUGOUSAN 'ANQRWPON GENESQAI,
MEMNHMENHN TH$ TWN "OPLWN KRISEW$. THN D' 'EPI
TOUTWI 'AGAMEMNONO$; 'ECQRA\ DE-KAI TAUTHN TOU* 'ANQRWPINOU
GENOU$ DIA= TA PAQH 'AETOU DIALLAXAI0 BION. 'EN MESOI$ DE
LACOUSAN THN 'ATALANTH$ YUCHN, KATIDOUSAN MEGALA$ TIMA$
'AQLHTOU 'ANDRO$, 'OU DUNASQAI PARELQEIN, 'ALLA= LABEIN. META
<P 620C>
DE TAUTHN 'IDEIN THN 'EPEIOU TOU* PANOPEW$ 'EI$ TECNIKH$
GUNAIKO$ 'IOUSAN FUSIN; PORRW D' 'EN "USTATOI$ 'IDEIN THN TOU*
GELWTOPOIOU QERSITOU PIQHKON 'ENDUOMENHN. KATA TUCHN DE
THN 'ODUSSEW$ LACOUSAN PASWN "USTATHN "AIRHSOMENHN 'IENAI,
MNHMHI DE TWN PROTERWN PONWN FILOTIMIA$ LELWFHKUIAN
ZHTEIN PERIIOUSAN CRONON POLUN BION 'ANDRO$ 'IDIWTOU 'APRAGMONO$,
KAI MOGI$ "EUREIN KEIMENON POU-KAI PARHMELHMENON
<P 620D>
"UPO TWN 'ALLWN, KAI 'EIPEIN 'IDOUSAN "OTI4 TA 'AUTA 'AN4 'EPRAXEN
KAI PRWTH LACOUSA, KAI "ASMENHN "ELESQAI. KAI 'EK TWN
'ALLWN DH QHRIWN "WSAUTW$ 'EI$ 'ANQRWPOU$ 'IENAI KAI 'EI$
'ALLHLA, TA MEN 'ADIKA 'EI$ TA 'A=GRIA, TA DE DI=KAIA 'EI$ TA
"H=MERA METABALLONTA, KAI PASA$ MEIXEI$ MEIGNUSQAI.
'EPEIDH D'-'OUN PASA$ TA$ YUCA$ TOU$ BIOU$ "HIRHSQAI,
"WSPER 'ELACON 'EN TAXEI PROSIENAI PRO$ THN LACESIN;
'EKEINHN D' "EKASTWI "ON "EILETO DAIMONA, TOUTON FULAKA SUMPEMPEIN
<P 620E>
TOU* BIOU KAI 'APOPLHRWTHN TWN "AIREQENTWN5. "ON
PRWTON MEN 'AGEIN 'AUTHN PRO$ THN KLWQW "UPO THN 'EKEINH$
CEIRA TE-KAI 'EPISTROFHN TH$ TOU* 'ATRAKTOU DINH$, KUROUNTA
"HN LACWN "EILETO MOIRAN; TAUTH$ D' 'EFAYAMENON 'AUQI$ 'EPI
THN TH$ 'ATROPOU 'AGEIN NHSIN, 'AMETASTROFA TA 'EPIKLWSQENTA
POIOUNTA; 'ENTEUQEN DE-DH 'AMETASTREPTI "UPO TON TH$


<P 621A>
'ANAGKH$ 'IENAI QRONON, KAI DI' 'EKEINOU DIEXELQONTA, 'EPEIDH
KAI "OI 'ALLOI DIHLQON, POREUESQAI "APANTA$ 'EI$ TO TH$ LHQH$
PEDION DIA= KAUMATO$ TE-KAI PNIGOU$ DEINOU; KAI-GAR 'EINAI
'AUTO KENON DENDRWN TE-KAI "OSA GH FUEI0. SKHNASQAI 'OUN
SFA$ 'HDH "ESPERA$ GIGNOMENH$ PARA TON 'AMELHTA POTAMON,
"OU2 TO "UDWR 'AGGEION 'OUDEN STEGEIN. METRON MEN-'OUN TI TOU*
"UDATO$ PASIN 'ANAGKAION 'EINAI PIEIN, TOU$ DE FRONHSEI MH
SWIZOMENOU$ PLEON PINEIN TOU* METROU; TON DE 'AEI PIONTA
<P 621B>
PANTWN 'EPILANQANESQAI. 'EPEIDH DE KOIMHQHNAI KAI MESA$
NUKTA$ GENESQAI, BRONTHN TE-KAI SEISMON GENESQAI, KAI
'ENTEUQEN 'EXAPINH$ 'ALLON 'ALLHI FERESQAI 'ANW 'EI$ THN GENESIN,
'A\TTONTA$ "WSPER 'ASTERA$. 'AUTO$ DE TOU* MEN "UDATO$ KWLUQHNAI
PIEIN; "OPHI MENTOI-KAI "OPW$ 'EI$ TO SWMA 'AFIKOITO,
'OUK 'EIDENAI, 'ALL' 'EXAIFNH$ 'ANABLEYA$ 'IDEIN "EWQEN "AUTON
KEIMENON 'EPI THI PURA*I.
KAI "OUTW$, 'W* GLAUKWN, MUQO$ 'ESWQH KAI 'OUK 'APWLETO,
<P 621C>
KAI "HMA$ 'AN4 SWSEIEN, 'AN2 PEIQWMEQA 'AUTWI, KAI TON TH$ LHQH$
POTAMON 'EU DIABHSOMEQA KAI THN YUCHN 'OU MIANQHSOMEQA.
'ALL' 'AN2 'EMOI4 PEIQWMEQA, NOMIZONTE$ 'AQANATON YUCHN KAI
DUNATHN PANTA MEN KAKA 'ANECESQAI, PANTA DE 'AGAQA, TH$
'ANW "ODOU 'AEI "EXOMEQA KAI DIKAIOSUNHN META FRONHSEW$ PANTI
TROPWI 'EPITHDEUSOMEN, "INA KAI "HMIN-'AUTOI$ FILOI 'WMEN KAI
TOI$ QEOI$, 'AUTOU2 TE MENONTE$ 'ENQADE, KAI 'EPEIDAN TA 'AQLA
<P 621D>
'AUTH$ KOMIZWMEQA, "WSPER "OI NIKHFOROI PERIAGEIROMENOI, KAI
'ENQADE KAI 'EN THI CILIETEI POREIA\, "HN DIELHLUQAMEN, 'EU
PRATTWMEN.


<B PARM>


<P 126A>
'EPEIDH 'AQHNAZE 'OIKOQEN 'EK KLAZOMENWN 'AFIKOMEQA,
KAT' 'AGORAN 'ENETUCOMEN 'ADEIMANTWI TE-KAI GLAUKWNI; KAI
MOU LABOMENO$ TH$ CEIRO$ "O 'ADEIMANTO$, CAIR', 'EFH, 'W*
KEFALE, KAI 'EI TOU DEHI0 TWN THIDE "WN "HMEI$ DUNATOI, FRAZE.
'ALLA=-MEN-DH, 'EIPON 'EGW, PAREIMI GE 'EP' 'AUTO TOUTO,
DEHSOMENO$ "UMWN.
LEGOI$ 'AN4, 'EFH, THN DEHSIN.
<P 126B>
KAI 'EGW 'EIPON; TW*I 'ADELFWI "UMWN TW*I "OMOMHTRIWI TI= 'H*N
'ONOMA: 'OU-GAR MEMNHMAI. PAI$ DE-POU 'H*N, "OTE TO PROTERON
'EPEDHMHSA DEURO 'EK KLAZOMENWN; POLU$ DE 'HDH CRONO$ 'EX
'EKEINOU. TW*I MEN-GAR PATRI, DOKW0, PURILAMPH$ 'ONOMA.
PANU GE, 'EFH.
'AUTWI DE-GE:
'ANTIFWN. 'ALLA= TI= MALISTA PUNQANHI0:
"OIDE, 'EIPON 'EGW, POLITAI T' 'EMOI42 'EISI, MALA FILOSOFOI,
'AKHKOASI TE "OTI4 "OUTO$ "O 'ANTIFWN PUQODWRWI TINI ZHNWNO$
<P 126C>
"ETAIRWI POLLA 'ENTETUCHKE0, KAI TOU$ LOGOU$, "OU$ POTE SWKRATH$
KAI ZHNWN KAI PARMENIDH$ DIELECQHSAN, POLLAKI$
'AKOUSA$ TOU* PUQODWROU 'APOMNHMONEUEI0.
'ALHQH, 'EFH, LEGEI$.
TOUTWN TOINUN, 'EIPON, DEOMEQA DIAKOUSAI0.
'ALL' 'OU CALEPON, 'EFH; MEIRAKION GAR 'WN 'AUTOU$ 'EU
MALA DIEMELETHSEN, 'EPEI NU*N GE KATA TON PAPPON TE-KAI
"OMWNUMON PRO$ "IPPIKHI TA POLLA DIATRIBEI0. 'ALL' 'EI DEI,
'IWMEN PAR' 'AUTON; 'ARTI GAR 'ENQENDE 'OIKADE 'OICETAI, 'OIKEI0 DE
'EGGU$ 'EN MELITHI.


<P 127A>
TAUTA 'EIPONTE$ 'EBADIZOMEN, KAI KATELABOMEN TON 'ANTIFWNTA
'OIKOI, CALINON TINA CALKEI 'EKDIDONTA SKEUASAI0;
'EPEIDH DE 'EKEINOU 'APHLLAGH "OI TE 'ADELFOI 'ELEGON 'AUTWI
"WN "ENEKA PAREIMEN, 'ANEGNWRISEN TE ME 'EK TH$ PROTERA$
'EPIDHMIA$ KAI ME 'HSPAZETO, KAI DEOMENWN "HMWN DIELQEIN TOU$
LOGOU$, TO MEN PRWTON 'WKNEI % POLU GAR 'EFH 'ERGON 'EINAI %
'EPEITA MENTOI DIHGEITO. 'EFH DE-DH "O 'ANTIFWN LEGEIN TON
PUQODWRON "OTI4 'AFIKOINTO POTE 'EI$ PANAQHNAIA TA MEGALA
<P 127B>
ZHNWN TE-KAI PARMENIDH$. TON MEN-'OUN PARMENIDHN 'EU
MALA 'HDH PRESBUTHN 'EINAI, SFO=DRA POLION, KALON DE
'KAGAQON THN 'OYIN, PERI= 'ETH MALISTA PENTE KAI "EXHKONTA;
ZHNWNA DE 'EGGU$ TWN TETTARAKONTA TO=TE 'EINAI, 'EUMHKH
DE-KAI CARIENTA 'IDEIN, KAI LEGESQAI 'AUTON PAIDIKA TOU*
PARMENIDOU GEGONENAI. KATALUEIN DE 'AUTOU$ 'EFH PARA TW*I
<P 127C>
PUQODWRWI 'EKTO$ TEICOU$ 'EN KERAMEIKWI; "OI4 DH-KAI 'AFIKESQAI
TON TE SWKRATH KAI 'ALLOU$ TINA$ MET' 'AUTOU4 POLLOU$,
'EPIQUMOUNTA$ 'AKOUSAI0 TWN TOU* ZHNWNO$ GRAMMATWN % TO=TE
GAR 'AUTA PRWTON "UP' 'EKEINWN KOMISQHNAI % SWKRATH DE 'EINAI
TO=TE SFO=DRA NEON. 'ANAGIGNWSKEIN 'OUN 'AUTOI$ TON ZHNWNA
'AUTON, TON DE PARMENIDHN TUCEIN 'EXW 'ONTA; KAI 'EINAI PANU
BRACU 'ETI LOIPON TWN LOGWN 'ANAGIGNWSKOMENWN, "HNIKA
<P 127D>
'AUTO$ TE 'EPEISELQEIN 'EFH "O PUQODWRO$ 'EXWQEN KAI TON
PARMENIDHN MET' 'AUTOU4 KAI 'ARISTOTELH TON TWN TRIAKONTA
GENOMENON, KAI SMIKR' 'ATTA 'ETI 'EPAKOUSAI0 TWN GRAMMATWN;
'OU-MHN 'AUTO$ GE, 'ALLA=-KAI PROTERON 'AKHKOENAI TOU*
ZHNWNO$.
TON 'OUN SWKRATH 'AKOUSANTA PALIN TE KELEUSAI0 THN
PRWTHN "UPOQESIN TOU* PRWTOU LOGOU 'ANAGNWNAI0, KAI 'ANAGNWSQEISH$,
<P 127E>
PW*$, FANAI0, 'W* ZHNWN, TOUTO LEGEI$: 'EI POLLA
'ESTI TA 'ONTA, "W$ 'A=RA DEI 'AUTA "O=MOIA TE 'EINAI KAI 'ANO=MOIA,
TOUTO DE-DH 'ADUNATON; 'OUTE-GAR TA 'ANO=MOIA "O=MOIA 'OUTE TA
"O=MOIA 'ANO=MOIA "OION-TE-'EINAI: 'OUC "OUTW LEGEI$:
"OUTW, FANAI0 TON ZHNWNA.
'OUKOU*N 'EI 'ADUNATON TA TE 'ANO=MOIA "O=MOIA 'EINAI KAI TA
"O=MOIA 'ANO=MOIA, 'ADUNATON DH-KAI POLLA 'EINAI: 'EI GAR POLLA
'EIH, PASCOI 'AN4 TA 'ADUNATA. 'A*RA TOUTO 'ESTIN "O= BOULONTAI
SOU4 "OI LOGOI, 'OUK 'ALLO TI 'H= DIAMACESQAI PARA PANTA TA
LEGOMENA "W$ 'OU POLLA 'ESTI: KAI TOUTOU 'AUTOU4 'OIEI SOI4
TEKMHRION 'EINAI "EKASTON TWN LOGWN, "WSTE KAI "HGHI0 TOSAUTA
TEKMHRIA PARECESQAI, "OSOUSPER LOGOU$ GEGRAFA$, "W$ 'OUK


<P 128A>
'ESTI POLLA: "OUTW LEGEI$, 'H= 'EGW 'OUK 'ORQW$ KATAMANQANW0:
'OU=K, 'ALLA=, FANAI0 TON ZHNWNA, KALW$ SUNHKA$ "OLON TO
GRAMMA "O= BOULETAI.
MANQANW0, 'EIPEIN TON SWKRATH, 'W* PARMENIDH, "OTI4 ZHNWN
"ODE 'OU MONON THI 'ALLHI SOU4 FILIA\ BOULETAI 'WIKEIWSQAI, 'ALLA=-KAI
TW*I SUGGRAMMATI. 'TAUTON GAR GEGRAFE0 TROPON TINA
"OPER SU, METABALLWN DE "HMA$ PEIRATAI0 'EXAPATAN "W$ "ETERON
TI LEGWN. SU MEN-GAR 'EN TOI$ POIHMASIN "EN FH=I$ 'EINAI TO
<P 128B>
PAN, KAI TOUTWN TEKMHRIA PARECHI0 KALW$ TE-KAI 'EU; "ODE DE
'AU 'OU POLLA FHSIN 'EINAI, TEKMHRIA DE-KAI 'AUTO$ PAMPOLLA
KAI PAMMEGEQH PARECETAI. TO 'OUN TON MEN "EN FANAI0, TON
DE MH POLLA, KAI "OUTW$ "EKATERON LEGEIN "WSTE MHDEN TWN
'AUTWN 'EIRHKENAI DOKEIN SCEDON TI LEGONTA$ 'TAUTA, "UPER
"HMA$ TOU$ 'ALLOU$ FAINETAI "UMIN TA 'EIRHMENA 'EIRHSQAI.
NAI, FANAI0 TON ZHNWNA, 'W* SWKRATE$. SU D'-'OUN THN
'ALHQEIAN TOU* GRAMMATO$ 'OU PANTACOU 'HISQHSAI. KAITOI
<P 128C>
"WSPER GE "AI LAKAINAI SKULAKE$ 'EU METAQEI$ TE-KAI 'ICNEUEI$
TA LECQENTA; 'ALLA= PRWTON MEN SE TOUTO LANQANEI0, "OTI4 'OU
PANTAPASIN "OUTW SEMNUNETAI TO GRAMMA, "WSTE "APER SU
LEGEI$ DIANOHQEN GRAFHNAI, TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ DE 'EPIKRUPTOMENON
"W$ TI MEGA DIAPRATTOMENON; 'ALLA= SU MEN 'EIPE$ TWN
SUMBEBHKOTWN TI, 'ESTI DE TO GE 'ALHQE$ BOHQEIA TI$ TAUTA
TA8 GRAMMATA8 TW*I PARMENIDOU LOGWI PRO$ TOU$ 'EPICEIROUNTA$
<P 128D>
'AUTON KWMWIDEIN "W$ 'EI "EN 'ESTI, POLLA KAI GELOI*A SUMBAINEI0
PASCEIN TW*I LOGWI KAI 'ENANTIA "AUTWI. 'ANTILEGEI0 DH-'OUN
TOUTO TO GRAMMA PRO$ TOU$ TA POLLA LEGONTA$, KAI 'ANTAPODIDWSI
'TAUTA KAI PLEIW, TOUTO BOULOMENON DHLOUN0, "W$
'ETI GELOIO=TERA PASCOI 'AN4 'AUTWN "H "UPOQESI$, 'EI POLLA
'ESTIN, 'H= "H TOU* "EN 'EINAI, 'EI TI$ "IKANW$ 'EPEXIOI. DIA= TOIAUTHN
DH FILONIKIAN "UPO NEOU 'ONTO$ 'EMOU4 'EGRAFH, KAI TI$ 'AUTO
'EKLEYE GRAFEN, "WSTE 'OUDE BOULEUSASQAI 'EXEGENETO 'EI=T'
<P 128E>
'EXOISTEON 'AUTO 'EI$ TO FW$ 'EITE MH. TAUTHI 'OUN SE LANQANEI0,
'W* SWKRATE$, "OTI4 'OUC "UPO NEOU FILONIKIA$ 'OIEI 'AUTO GEGRAFQAI,
'ALL' "UPO PRESBUTEROU FILOTIMIA$; 'EPEI, "OPER G'
'EIPON, 'OU KAKW$ 'APHIKASA$.
'ALL' 'APODECOMAI, FANAI0 TON SWKRATH, KAI "HGOUMAI "W$
LEGEI$ 'ECEIN. TODE DE MOI 'EIPE=; 'OU NOMIZEI$ 'EINAI 'AUTO KAQ'


<P 129A>
"AUTO 'EIDO$ TI "OMOIOTHTO$, KAI TW*I TOIOUTWI 'AU 'ALLO TI 'ENANTION,
"O= 'ESTIN 'ANOMOION; TOUTOIN DE DUOIN 'ONTOIN KAI 'EME KAI
SE KAI 'TALLA "A DH POLLA KALOUMEN0 METALAMBANEIN: KAI
TA MEN TH$ "OMOIOTHTO$ METALAMBANONTA "O=MOIA GIGNESQAI
TAUTHI TE-KAI KATA TOSOUTON "OSON 'AN4 METALAMBANHI5, TA DE
TH$ 'ANOMOIOTHTO$ 'ANO=MOIA, TA DE 'AMFOTERWN 'AMFO=TERA: 'EI
DE-KAI PANTA 'ENANTIWN 'ONTWN0 'AMFOTERWN METALAMBANEI0,
KAI 'ESTI TW*I METECEIN 'AMFOIN "O=MOIA TE-KAI 'ANO=MOIA 'AUTA
<P 129B>
"AUTOI$, TI= QAUMASTON: 'EI MEN-GAR 'AUTA TA "O=MOIA TI$ 'APEFAINEN
'ANO=MOIA GIGNOMENA 'H= TA 'ANO=MOIA "O=MOIA, TERA$ 'AN4
'OIMAI 'H*N; 'EI DE TA TOUTWN METECONTA 'AMFOTERWN 'AMFO=TERA
'APOFAINEI0 PEPONQOTA, 'OUDEN 'EMOIGE, 'W* ZHNWN, 'ATOPON DOKEI0,
'OUDE-GE 'EI "EN "APANTA 'APOFAINEI0 TI$ TW*I METECEIN TOU* "ENO$
KAI 'TAUTA TAUTA POLLA TW*I PLHQOU$ 'AU METECEIN. 'ALL' 'EI
"O= 'ESTIN "EN, 'AUTO TOUTO POLLA 'APODEIXEI2 KAI 'AU TA POLLA DH
<P 129C>
"EN, TOUTO 'HDH QAUMASOMAI. KAI PERI= TWN 'ALLWN "APANTWN
"WSAUTW$; 'EI MEN 'AUTA TA GENH TE-KAI 'EIDH 'EN "AUTOI$ 'APOFAINOI
'TANANTIA TAUTA PAQH PASCONTA, 'AXION QAUMAZEIN;
'EI D' 'EME "EN TI$ 'APODEIXEI2 'ONTA KAI POLLA, TI= QAUMASTON,
LEGWN, "OTAN MEN BOULHTAI POLLA 'APOFHNAI0, "W$ "E=TERA MEN
TA 'EPI DEXIA MOU 'ESTIN, "E=TERA DE TA 'EP' 'ARISTERA, KAI "E=TERA
MEN TA PROSQEN, "E=TERA DE TA 'OPISQEN, KAI 'ANW KAI KATW
"WSAUTW$ % PLHQOU$ GAR 'OIMAI METECW0 % "OTAN DE "EN, 'EREI2 "W$
<P 129D>
"EPTA "HMWN 'ONTWN0 "EI$ 'EGW 'EIMI 'ANQRWPO$ METECWN KAI TOU*
"ENO$; "WSTE 'ALHQH 'APOFAINEI0 'AMFO=TERA. 'EA=N 'OUN TI$ TOIAUTA
'EPICEIRHI5 POLLA KAI "EN 'TAUTON 'APOFAINEIN, LIQOU$ KAI XULA
KAI TA TOIAUTA, TI FHSOMEN 'AUTON POLLA KAI "EN 'APODEIKNUNAI,
'OU TO "EN POLLA 'OUDE TA POLLA "EN, 'OUDE TI QAUMASTON
LEGEIN, 'ALL' "APER 'AN4 PANTE$ "OMOLOGOIMEN; 'EA=N DE TI$ "WN
NUNDH 'EGW 'ELEGON PRWTON MEN DIAIRHTAI CWRI$ 'AUTA KAQ'
"AUTA TA 'EIDH, "OION "OMOIOTHTA TE-KAI 'ANOMOIOTHTA KAI PLHQO$
<P 129E>
KAI TO "EN KAI STASIN KAI KINHSIN KAI PANTA TA TOIAUTA,
'EITA 'EN "EAUTOI$ TAUTA DUNAMENA SUGKERANNUSQAI KAI DIAKRINESQAI
'APOFAINHI5, 'AGAIMHN 'AN4 'EGWG', 'EFH, QAUMASTW$, 'W*
ZHNWN. TAUTA DE 'ANDREIW$ MEN PANU "HGOUMAI PEPRAGMATEUSQAI;
POLU 'MENTAN "WDE MALLON, "W$ LEGW0, 'AGASQEIHN 'EI
TI$ 'ECOI THN 'AUTHN TAUTHN 'APORIAN 'EN 'AUTOI$ TOI$ 'EIDESI


<P 130A>
PANTODAPW$ PLEKOMENHN, "WSPER 'EN TOI$ "ORWMENOI$ DIHLQETE,
"OUTW$ KAI 'EN TOI$ LOGISMWI LAMBANOMENOI$ 'EPIDEIXAI0.
LEGONTO$ DH, 'EFH "O PUQODWRO$, TOU* SWKRATOU$ TAUTA
'AUTO$ MEN 'AN74 'OIESQAI 'EF' "EKASTOU 'ACQESQAI TON TE PARMENIDHN
KAI TON ZHNWNA, TOU$ DE PANU TE 'AUTWI PROSECEIN
TON NOUN KAI QAMA 'EI$ 'ALLHLOU$ BLEPONTA$ MEIDIAN "W$
'AGAMENOU$ TON SWKRATH. "OPER 'OUN-KAI PAUSAMENOU 'AUTOU4
'EIPEIN TON PARMENIDHN; 'W* SWKRATE$, FANAI0, "W$ 'AXIO$ 'EI*
<P 130B>
'AGASQAI TH$ "ORMH$ TH$ 'EPI TOU$ LOGOU$. KAI MOI 'EIPE=,
'AUTO$ SU "OUTW DIHIRHSAI "W$ LEGEI$, CWRI$ MEN 'EIDH 'AUTA
'ATTA, CWRI$ DE TA TOUTWN 'AU METECONTA: KAI TI SOI4 DOKEI0
'EINAI 'AUTH "OMOIOTH$ CWRI$ "H$ "HMEI$ "OMOIOTHTO$ 'ECOMEN, KAI
"EN DH-KAI POLLA KAI PANTA "OSA NUNDH ZHNWNO$ 'HKOUE$:
'EMOIGE, FANAI0 TON SWKRATH.
'H*-KAI TA TOIAUTA, 'EIPEIN TON PARMENIDHN, "OION DIKAIOU
TI 'EIDO$ 'AUTO KAQ' "AUTO KAI KALOU KAI 'AGAQOU KAI PANTWN
'AU TWN TOIOUTWN:
NAI, FANAI0.
<P 130C>
TI= D', 'ANQRWPOU 'EIDO$ CWRI$ "HMWN KAI TWN "OIOI "HMEI$ 'ESMEN
PANTWN, 'AUTO TI 'EIDO$ 'ANQRWPOU 'H= PURO$ 'H=-KAI "UDATO$:
'EN 'APORIA\, FANAI0, POLLAKI$ DH, 'W* PARMENIDH, PERI= 'AUTWN
GEGONA, PO=TERA CRH FANAI0 "WSPER PERI= 'EKEINWN 'H= 'ALLW$.
'H*-KAI PERI= TWNDE, 'W* SWKRATE$, "A KAI GELOI*A DOXEIEN 'AN4
'EINAI, "OION QRIX KAI PHLO$ KAI "RUPO$ 'H= 'ALLO TI 'ATIMOTATON
TE-KAI FAULOTATON, 'APOREI$ 'EITE CRH FANAI0 KAI TOUTWN
<P 130D>
"EKASTOU 'EIDO$ 'EINAI CWRI$, 'ON 'ALLO 'AU 'H= "WN TI7 "HMEI$
METACEIRIZOMEQA, 'EITE-KAI MH:
'OUDAMW$, FANAI0 TON SWKRATH, 'ALLA= TAUTA MEN-GE "APER
"ORWMEN0, TAUTA KAI 'EINAI; 'EIDO$ DE TI 'AUTWN 'OIHQHNAI 'EINAI
MH LIAN 'HI 'ATOPON. 'HDH MENTOI POTE ME KAI 'EQRAXE MH TI
'HI PERI= PANTWN 'TAUTON; 'EPEITA "OTAN TAUTHI STW, FEUGWN
'OICOMAI, DEISA$ MH POTE 'EI$ TINA BUQON FLUARIA$ 'EMPESWN
DIAFQARW; 'EKEISE D'-'OUN 'AFIKOMENO$, 'EI$ "A NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN
'EIDH 'ECEIN, PERI= 'EKEINA PRAGMATEUOMENO$ DIATRIBW0.
<P 130E>
NEO$ GAR 'EI* 'ETI, FANAI0 TON PARMENIDHN, 'W* SWKRATE$,
KAI 'OUPW SOU4 'ANTEILHPTAI FILOSOFIA "W$ 'ETI 'ANTILHYETAI
KAT' 'EMHN DOXAN, "OTE 'OUDEN 'AUTWN 'ATIMASEI$; NU*N DE 'ETI
PRO$ 'ANQRWPWN 'APOBLEPEI$ DOXA$ DIA= THN "HLIKIAN. TODE
D'-'OUN MOI 'EIPE=. DOKEI0 SOI4, "W$ FH=I$, 'EINAI 'EIDH 'ATTA, "WN TADE
TA 'A=LLA METALAMBANONTA TA$ 'EPWNUMIA$ 'AUTWN 'ISCEIN, "OION


<P 131A>
"OMOIOTHTO$ MEN METALABONTA "O=MOIA, MEGEQOU$ DE MEGALA,
KALLOU$ DE-KAI DIKAIOSUNH$ DI=KAIA TE-KAI KALA GIGNESQAI:
PANU GE, FANAI0 TON SWKRATH.
'OUKOU*N 'HTOI "OLOU TOU* 'EIDOU$ 'H= MEROU$ "EKASTON TO METALAMBANON
METALAMBANEI0: 'H= 'ALLH TI$ 'AN4 METALHYI$ CWRI$
TOUTWN BENOITO:
KAI PW*$ 'AN4: 'EI*PEN.
POTERON 'OUN DOKEI0 SOI4 "OLON TO 'EIDO$ 'EN "EKASTWI 'EINAI
TWN POLLWN "EN 'ON, 'H= PW*$:
TI= GAR KWLUEI0, FANAI0 TON SWKRATH, 'W* PARMENIDH, "EN8
'EINAI8:
<P 131B>
"EN 'A=RA 'ON KAI 'TAUTON 'EN POLLOI$ KAI CWRI$ 'OUSIN "OLON
"AMA 'ENESTAI, KAI "OUTW$ 'AUTO "AUTOU CWRI$ 'AN4 'EIH.
'OUK 'AN4, 'EI GE, FANAI0, "OION 'EI8 "HMERA 'EIH8 MIA KAI "H
'AUTH 'OUSA POLLACOU "AMA 'ESTI KAI 'OUDEN TI MALLON 'AUTH
"AUTH$ CWRI$ 'ESTIN, 'EI "OUTW KAI "EKASTON TWN 'EIDWN "EN 'EN
PASIN "AMA 'TAUTON 'EIH.
"HDEW$ GE, FANAI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, "EN 'TAUTON "AMA POLLACOU
POIEI$, "OION 'EI "ISTIWI KATAPETASA$ POLLOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ FAIH$
"EN 'EPI POLLOI$ 'EINAI "OLON; 'H= 'OU TO TOIOUTON "HGHI0 LEGEIN:
<P 131C>
'ISW$, FANAI0.
'H*-'OUN "OLON 'EF' "EKASTWI TO "ISTION 'EIH 'AN4, 'H= MERO$ 'AUTOU4
'ALLO 'EP' 'ALLWI:
MERO$.
MERISTA 'A=RA, FANAI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ESTIN 'AUTA TA 'EIDH,
KAI TA METECONTA 'AUTWN MEROU$ 'AN4 METECOI, KAI 'OUKETI 'EN
"EKASTWI "OLON, 'ALLA= MERO$ "EKASTOU 'AN4 'EIH.
FAINETAI "OUTW GE.
'H*-'OUN 'EQELHSEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$, FANAI0 TO "EN 'EIDO$ "HMIN
THI 'ALHQEIA\ MERIZESQAI, KAI 'ETI "EN 'ESTAI:
'OUDAMW$, 'EIPEIN.
"ORA GAR, FANAI0; 'EI 'AUTO TO MEGEQO$ MERIEI$ KAI "EKASTON
<P 131D>
TWN POLLWN MEGALWN MEGEQOU$ MEREI SMIKROTERWI 'AUTOU4 TOU*
MEGEQOU$ MEGA 'ESTAI, 'A*RA 'OUK 'ALOGON FANEITAI:
PANU G', 'EFH.
TI= DE: TOU* 'ISOU MERO$ "EKASTON SMIKRON 'APOLABON TI
"EXEI2 "WI 'ELATTONI 'ONTI 'AUTOU4 TOU* 'ISOU TO 'ECON 'ISON TWI 'ESTAI:
'ADUNATON.
'ALLA= TOU* SMIKROU MERO$ TI$ "HMWN "EXEI2, TOUTOU DE 'AUTOU4
TO SMIKRON MEIZON 'ESTAI "ATE MEROU$ "EAUTOU 'ONTO$, KAI "OUTW
DH 'AUTO TO SMIKRON MEIZON 'ESTAI; "WI D' 'AN4 PROSTEQHI TO
<P 131E>
'AFAIREQEN, TOUTO SMIKROTERON 'ESTAI 'ALL' 'OU MEIZON 'H= PRIN.
'OUK 'AN4 GENOITO, FANAI0, TOUTO GE.
TI=NA 'OUN TROPON, 'EIPEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$, TWN 'EIDWN SOI4
TA 'A=LLA METALHYETAI, MHTE KATA MERH MHTE KATA "OLA
METALAMBANEIN DUNAMENA:
'OU MA TON DI=A, FANAI0, 'OU MOI DOKEI0 'EUKOLON 'EINAI TO
TOIOUTON 'OUDAMW$ DIORISASQAI.
TI= DE-DH: PRO$ TODE PW*$ 'ECEI$:
TO POI*ON:


<P 132A>
'OIMAI SE 'EK TOU* TOIOUDE "EN "EKASTON 'EIDO$ 'OIESQAI 'EINAI;
"OTAN POLL' 'ATTA MEGALA SOI4 DOXHI6 'EINAI, MIA TI$ 'ISW$ DOKEI0
'IDEA "H 'AUTH 'EINAI 'EPI PANTA 'IDONTI, "OQEN "EN TO MEGA "HGHI0
'EINAI.
'ALHQH LEGEI$, FANAI0.
TI= D' 'AUTO TO MEGA KAI 'TALLA TA MEGALA, 'EA=N "WSAUTW$
THI YUCHI 'EPI PANTA 'IDHI$, 'OUCI "EN TI 'AU MEGA FANEITAI, "WI
TAUTA PANTA MEGALA FAINESQAI:
'EOIKEN0.
'ALLO 'A=RA 'EIDO$ MEGEQOU$ 'ANAFANHSETAI, PAR' 'AUTO TE TO
MEGEQO$ GEGONO$ KAI TA METECONTA 'AUTOU4; KAI 'EPI TOUTOI$ 'AU
<P 132B>
PASIN "ETERON, "WI TAUTA PANTA MEGALA 'ESTAI; KAI 'OUKETI DH
"EN "EKASTON SOI4 TWN 'EIDWN 'ESTAI, 'ALLA= 'APEIRA TO PLHQO$.
'ALLA=, FANAI0, 'W* PARMENIDH, TON SWKRATH, MH TWN 'EIDWN
"EKASTON 'HI TOUTWN NOHMA, KAI 'OUDAMOU 'AUTWI PROSHKHI5 'EGGIGNESQAI
'ALLOQI 'H= 'EN YUCAI$; "OUTW GAR 'AN4 "EN GE "EKASTON 'EIH
KAI 'OUK 'AN4 'ETI PASCOI "A NUNDH 'ELEGETO.
TI= 'OUN: FANAI0, "EN "EKASTON 'ESTI TWN NOHMATWN, NOHMA DE
'OUDENO$:
'ALL' 'ADUNATON, 'EIPEIN.
'ALLA= TINO$:
NAI.
<P 132C>
'ONTO$ 'H= 'OUK 'ONTO$:
'ONTO$.
'OUC "ENO$ TINO$, "O= 'EPI PASIN 'EKEINO TO NOHMA 'EPON NOEI0,
MIAN TINA 'OUSAN 'IDEAN:
NAI.
'EITA 'OUK 'EIDO$ 'ESTAI TOUTO TO NOOUMENON "EN 'EINAI, 'AEI 'ON
TO 'AUTO 'EPI PASIN:
'ANAGKH 'AU FAINETAI.
TI= DE-DH: 'EIPEIN TON PARMENIDHN, 'OUK 'ANAGKHI "HI 'TALLA
FH=I$ TWN 'EIDWN METECEIN 'H= DOKEI0 SOI4 'EK NOHMATWN "EKASTON
'EINAI KAI PANTA NOEIN, 'H= NOHMATA 'ONTA 'ANOHTA 'EINAI:
'ALL'-'OUDE TOUTO, FANAI0, 'ECEI0 LOGON, 'ALL', 'W* PARMENIDH,
<P 132D>
MALISTA 'EMOIGE KATAFAINETAI "WDE 'ECEIN; TA MEN 'EIDH TAUTA
"WSPER PARADEIGMATA "ESTANAI 'EN THI FUSEI, TA DE 'A=LLA TOUTOI$
'EOIKENAI KAI 'EINAI "OMOIWMATA, KAI "H MEQEXI$ "AU=TH TOI$ 'ALLOI$
GIGNESQAI TWN 'EIDWN 'OUK 'ALLH TI$ 'H= 'EIKASQHNAI 'AUTOI$.
'EI 'OUN TI, 'EFH, 'EOIKEN0 TW*I 'EIDEI, "OION-TE 'EKEINO TO 'EIDO$
MH "OMOION 'EINAI TW*I 'EIKASQENTI, KAQ' "OSON 'AUTWI 'AFWMOIWQH:
'H= 'ESTI TI$ MHCANH TO "OMOION MH "OMOIWI "OMOION 'EINAI:
'OUK 'ESTI.
TO DE "OMOION TW*I "OMOIWI 'A*R' 'OU MEGALH 'ANAGKH "ENO$ TOU*
<P 132E>
'AUTOU 'EIDOU$8 METECEIN:
'ANAGKH.
"OU D' 'AN4 TA "O=MOIA METECONTA "O=MOIA 'HI, 'OUK 'EKEINO 'ESTAI
'AUTO TO 'EIDO$:
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
'OUK-'A=RA "OION-TE TI TW*I 'EIDEI "OMOION 'EINAI, 'OUDE TO 'EIDO$
'ALLWI; 'EI DE MH, PARA TO 'EIDO$ 'AEI 'ALLO 'ANAFANHSETAI 'EIDO$,


<P 133A>
KAI 'AN2 'EKEINO TWI "OMOION 'HI, "ETERON 'AU, KAI 'OUDEPOTE PAUSETAI
'AEI KAINON 'EIDO$ GIGNOMENON, 'EA=N TO 'EIDO$ TW*I "EAUTOU METECONTI
"OMOION GIGNHTAI.
'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
'OUK-'A=RA "OMOIOTHTI 'TALLA TWN 'EIDWN METALAMBANEI0, 'ALLA=
TI 'ALLO DEI ZHTEIN "WI METALAMBANEI0.
'EOIKEN0.
"ORA*I$0 'OUN, FANAI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OSH "H 'APORIA 'EA=N TI$ "W$
'EIDH 'ONTA 'AUTA KAQ' "AUTA DIORIZHTAI:
KAI MALA.
'EU TOINUN 'ISQI, FANAI0, "OTI4 "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN 'OUDEPW "APTHI0
<P 133B>
'AUTH$ "OSH 'ESTIN "H 'APORIA, 'EI "EN 'EIDO$ "EKASTON TWN 'ONTWN0
'AEI TI 'AFORIZOMENO$ QHSEI$.
PW*$ DH: 'EIPEIN.
POLLA MEN-KAI 'A=LLA, FANAI0, MEGISTON DE TODE. 'EI TI$
FAIH MHDE PROSHKEIN 'AUTA GIGNWSKESQAI 'ONTA TOIAUTA "OI*A
FAMEN DEIN 'EINAI TA 'EIDH, TW*I TAUTA LEGONTI 'OUK 'AN4 'ECOI TI$
'ENDEIXASQAI "OTI4 YEUDETAI, 'EI MH POLLWN MEN TUCOI 'EMPEIRO$
'WN "O 'AMFISBHTWN KAI MH 'AFUH$, 'EQELOI DE PANU POLLA KAI
PORRWQEN PRAGMATEUOMENOU TOU* 'ENDEIKNUMENOU "EPESQAI, 'ALL'
<P 133C>
'APIQANO$ 'EIH "O 'AGNWSTA 'ANAGKAZWN 'AUTA 'EINAI.
PH*I DH, 'W* PARMENIDH: FANAI0 TON SWKRATH.
"OTI4, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OIMAI 'AN4 KAI SE KAI 'ALLON, "OSTI$
'AUTHN TINA KAQ' "AUTHN "EKASTOU 'OUSIAN TIQETAI 'EINAI, "OMOLOGHSAI0
'AN4 PRWTON MEN MHDEMIAN 'AUTWN 'EINAI 'EN "HMIN.
PW*$ GAR 'AN4 'AUTH KAQ' "AUTHN 'ETI 'EIH: FANAI0 TON SWKRATH.
KALW$ LEGEI$, 'EIPEIN.
'OUKOU*N-KAI "OSAI TWN 'IDEWN PRO$ 'ALLHLA$ 'EISIN "AI= 'EISIN,
'AUTAI PRO$ "AUTA$ THN 'OUSIAN 'ECOUSIN0, 'ALL' 'OU PRO$ TA PAR'
<P 133D>
"HMIN 'EITE "OMOIWMATA 'EITE "OPHI DH TI$ 'AUTA TIQETAI, "WN "HMEI$
METECONTE$ 'EINAI "EKASTA 'EPONOMAZOMEQA; TA DE PAR' "HMIN
TAUTA "OMWNUMA 'ONTA 'EKEINOI$ 'AUTA 'AU PRO$ "AUTA 'ESTIN
'ALL' 'OU PRO$ TA 'EIDH, KAI "EAUTWN 'ALL' 'OUK 'EKEINWN "OSA 'AU
'ONOMAZETAI "OUTW$.
PW*$ LEGEI$: FANAI0 TON SWKRATH.
"OION, FANAI0 TON PARMENIDHN, 'EI TI$ "HMWN TOU DESPOTH$ 'H=
DOULO$ 'ESTIN, 'OUK 'AUTOU4 DESPOTOU DHPOU, "O= 'ESTI DESPOTH$,
<P 133E>
'EKEINOU DOULO$ 'ESTIN, 'OUDE 'AUTOU4 DOULOU, "O= 'ESTI DOULO$,
DESPOTH$ "O DESPOTH$, 'ALL' 'ANQRWPO$ 'WN 'ANQRWPOU 'AMFO=TERA
TAUT' 'ESTIN; 'AUTH DE DESPOTEIA 'AUTH$ DOULEIA$ 'ESTIN "O= 'ESTI,
KAI DOULEIA "WSAUTW$ 'AUTH DOULEIA 'AUTH$ DESPOTEIA$, 'ALL' 'OU
TA 'EN "HMIN PRO$ 'EKEINA THN DUNAMIN 'ECEI0 'OUDE 'EKEINA PRO$ "HMA$,
'ALL', "O= LEGW0, 'AUTA "AUTWN KAI PRO$ "AUTA 'EKEINA TE 'ESTI, KAI


<P 134A>
TA PAR' "HMIN "WSAUTW$ PRO$ "AUTA. 'H= 'OU MANQANEI$ "O= LEGW0:
PANU G', 'EIPEIN TON SWKRATH, MANQANW0.
'OUKOU*N-KAI 'EPISTHMH, FANAI0, 'AUTH MEN "O= 'ESTI 'EPISTHMH
TH$ "O= 'ESTIN 'ALHQEIA 'AUTH$ 'AN4 'EKEINH$ 'EIH 'EPISTHMH:
PANU GE.
"EKASTH DE 'AU TWN 'EPISTHMWN, "H= 'ESTIN, "EKASTOU TWN
'ONTWN0, "O= 'ESTIN, 'EIH 'AN4 'EPISTHMH; 'H= 'OU=:
NAI.
"H DE PAR' "HMIN 'EPISTHMH 'OU TH$ PAR' "HMIN 'AN4 'ALHQEIA$
'EIH, KAI 'AU "EKASTH "H PAR' "HMIN 'EPISTHMH TWN PAR' "HMIN
<P 134B>
'ONTWN0 "EKASTOU 'AN4 'EPISTHMH SUMBAINOI 'EINAI:
'ANAGKH.
'ALLA=-MHN 'AUTA GE TA 'EIDH, "W$ "OMOLOGEI$, 'OUTE 'ECOMEN
'OUTE PAR' "HMIN "OION-TE-'EINAI.
'OU-GAR-'OUN.
GIGNWSKETAI DE-GE-POU "UP' 'AUTOU4 TOU* 'EIDOU$ TOU* TH$
'EPISTHMH$ 'AUTA TA GENH "A 'ESTIN "EKASTA:
NAI.
"O= GE "HMEI$ 'OUK 'ECOMEN.
'OU-GAR.
'OUK-'A=RA "UPO GE "HMWN GIGNWSKETAI TWN 'EIDWN 'OUDEN,
'EPEIDH 'AUTH$ 'EPISTHMH$ 'OU METECOMEN.
'OUK 'EOIKEN0.
'AGNWSTON 'A=RA "HMIN KAI 'AUTO TO KALON "O= 'ESTI KAI
<P 134C>
TO 'AGAQON KAI PANTA "A DH "W$ 'IDEA$ 'AUTA$ 'OUSA$
"UPOLAMBANOMEN.
KINDUNEUEI0.
"ORA DH 'ETI TOUTOU DEINOTERON TODE.
TO POI*ON:
FAIH$ 'AN4 POU, 'EIPER 'ESTIN 'AUTO TI GENO$ 'EPISTHMH$, POLU
'AUTO 'AKRIBESTERON 'EINAI 'H= THN PAR' "HMIN 'EPISTHMHN, KAI
KALLO$ KAI 'TALLA PANTA "OUTW.
NAI.
'OUKOU*N 'EIPER TI 'ALLO 'AUTH$ 'EPISTHMH$ METECEI0, 'OUK 'AN4 TINA
MALLON 'H= QEON FAIH$ 'ECEIN THN 'AKRIBESTATHN 'EPISTHMHN:
'ANAGKH.
<P 134D>
'A*R'-'OUN "OIO$-TE 'AU 'ESTAI "O QEO$ TA PAR' "HMIN GIGNWSKEIN
'AUTHN 'EPISTHMHN 'ECWN:
TI= GAR 'OU=:
"OTI4, 'EFH "O PARMENIDH$, "WMOLOGHTAI "HMIN, 'W* SWKRATE$,
MHTE 'EKEINA TA 'EIDH PRO$ TA PAR' "HMIN THN DUNAMIN 'ECEIN "HN
'ECEI0, MHTE TA PAR' "HMIN PRO$ 'EKEINA, 'ALL' 'AUTA PRO$ "AUTA
"EKA=TERA.
"WMOLOGHTAI GAR.
'OUKOU*N 'EI PARA TW*I QEWI "AU=TH 'ESTIN "H 'AKRIBESTATH
DESPOTEIA KAI "AU=TH "H 'AKRIBESTATH 'EPISTHMH, 'OUT' 'AN4 "H
DESPOTEIA "H 'EKEINWN "HMWN POTE 'AN4 DESPOSEIEN, 'OUT' 'AN4
<P 134E>
'EPISTHMH "HMA$ GNOIH 'OUDE TI 'ALLO TWN PAR' "HMIN, 'ALLA=
"OMOIW$ "HMEI$ TE 'EKEINWN 'OUK 'ARCOMEN THI PAR' "HMIN 'ARCHI
'OUDE GIGNWSKOMEN TOU* QEIOU 'OUDEN THI "HMETERA\ 'EPISTHMHI,
'EKEINOI TE 'AU KATA TON 'AUTON LOGON 'OUTE DESPOTAI "HMWN
'EISIN 'OUTE GIGNWSKOUSI0 TA 'ANQRW=PEIA PRAGMATA QEOI
'ONTE$.
'ALLA= MH LIAN, 'EFH, 'HI7 QAUMASTO$ "O LOGO$, 'EI TI$ TON
QEON 'APOSTERHSEI2 TOU* 'EIDENAI.
TAUTA MENTOI, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EFH "O PARMENIDH$, KAI 'ETI


<P 135A>
'A=LLA PRO$ TOUTOI$ PANU POLLA 'ANAGKAION 'ECEIN TA 'EIDH, 'EI
'EISIN "AUTAI "AI 'IDEAI TWN 'ONTWN0 KAI "ORIEITAI TI$ 'AUTO TI
"EKASTON 'EIDO$; "WSTE 'APOREIN TE TON 'AKOUONTA KAI 'AMFISBHTEIN
"W$ 'OUTE 'ESTI TAUTA, 'EI TE "OTI2 MALISTA 'EIH, POLLH 'ANAGKH
'AUTA 'EINAI THI 'ANQRWPINHI FUSEI 'AGNWSTA, KAI TAUTA LEGONTA
DOKEIN TE TI LEGEIN KAI, "O= 'ARTI 'ELEGOMEN, QAUMASTW$ "W$
DUSANAPEISTON 'EINAI. KAI 'ANDRO$ PANU MEN 'EUFUOU$ TOU*
DUNHSOMENOU MAQEIN "W$ 'ESTI GENO$ TI "EKASTOU KAI 'OUSIA 'AUTH
<P 135B>
KAQ' "AUTHN, 'ETI DE QAUMASTOTEROU TOU* "EURHSONTO$ KAI 'ALLON
DUNHSOMENOU DIDAXAI0 TAUTA PANTA "IKANW$ DIEUKRINHSAMENON.
SUGCWRW0 SOI4, 'EFH, 'W* PARMENIDH, "O SWKRATH$; PANU GAR
MOI KATA NOUN LEGEI$.
'ALLA=-MENTOI, 'EI*PEN "O PARMENIDH$, 'EI GE TI$ DH, 'W*
SWKRATE$, 'AU MH 'EASEI2 'EIDH TWN 'ONTWN0 'EINAI, 'EI$ PANTA TA
NUNDH KAI 'A=LLA TOIAUTA 'APOBLEYA$, MHDE TI "ORIEITAI 'EIDO$
"ENO$ "EKASTOU, 'OUDE "OPOI TREYEI2 THN DIANOIAN "EXEI2, MH 'EWN
<P 135C>
'IDEAN TWN 'ONTWN0 "EKASTOU THN 'AUTHN 'AEI 'EINAI, KAI "OUTW$ THN
TOU* DIALEGESQAI DUNAMIN PANTAPASI DIAFQEREI2. TOU* TOIOUTOU
MEN-'OUN MOI DOKEI$ KAI MALLON 'HISQHSQAI.
'ALHQH LEGEI$, FANAI0.
TI= 'OUN POIHSEI$ FILOSOFIA$ PE=RI: PH*I TREYHI2 'AGNOOUMENWN
TOUTWN:
'OU PANU MOI DOKW0 KAQORAN 'EN GE TW*I PARONTI.
PRWI GAR, 'EIPEIN, PRIN GUMNASQHNAI, 'W* SWKRATE$, "ORIZESQAI
'EPICEIREI$ KALON TE TI KAI DIKAION KAI 'AGAQON KAI "EN
<P 135D>
"EKASTON TWN 'EIDWN. 'ENENOHSA GAR-KAI PRWIHN SOU4 'AKOUWN
DIALEGOMENOU 'ENQADE 'ARISTOTELEI TWIDE. KALH MEN-'OUN-KAI
QEI=A, 'EU 'ISQI, "H "ORMH "HN "ORMA*I$0 'EPI TOU$ LOGOU$; "ELKUSON2 DE
SAUTON KAI GUMNASAI2 MALLON DIA= TH$ DOKOUSH$ 'ACRHSTOU
'EINAI KAI KALOUMENH$ "UPO TWN POLLWN 'ADOLESCIA$, "EW$ 'ETI
NEO$ 'EI*; 'EI DE MH, SE DIAFEUXETAI "H 'ALHQEIA.
TI=$ 'OUN "O TROPO$, FANAI0, 'W* PARMENIDH, TH$ GUMNASIA$:
"OUTO$, 'EI*PEN, "ONPER 'HKOUSA$ ZHNWNO$. PLHN TOUTO GE
<P 135E>
SOU4 KAI PRO$ TOUTON 'HGASQHN 'EIPONTO$, "OTI4 'OUK 'EIA$ 'EN TOI$
"ORWMENOI$ 'OUDE PERI= TAUTA THN PLANHN 'EPISKOPEIN, 'ALLA= PERI=
'EKEINA "A MALISTA TI$ 'AN4 LOGWI LABOI KAI 'EIDH 'AN4 "HGHSAITO
'EINAI.
DOKEI0 GAR MOI, 'EFH, TAUTHI GE 'OUDEN CALEPON 'EINAI KAI
"O=MOIA KAI 'ANO=MOIA KAI 'ALLO "OTIOUN TA 'ONTA PASCONTA
'APOFAINEIN.
KAI KALW$ G', 'EFH. CRH DE-KAI TODE 'ETI PRO$ TOUTWI
POIEIN, MH MONON 'EI 'ESTIN "EKASTON "UPOTIQEMENON SKOPEIN TA


<P 136A>
SUMBAINONTA 'EK TH$ "UPOQESEW$, 'ALLA=-KAI 'EI MH 'ESTI TO 'AUTO
TOUTO "UPOTIQESQAI, 'EI BOULEI MALLON GUMNASQHNAI.
PW*$ LEGEI$: FANAI0.
"OION, 'EFH, 'EI BOULEI, PERI= TAUTH$ TH$ "UPOQESEW$ "HN
ZHNWN "UPEQETO, 'EI POLLA 'ESTI, TI= CRH SUMBAINEIN KAI 'AUTOI$
TOI$ POLLOI$ PRO$ "AUTA KAI PRO$ TO "EN KAI TW*I "ENI PRO$ TE
"AUTO KAI PRO$ TA POLLA; KAI 'AU 'EI MH 'ESTI POLLA, PALIN
SKOPEIN TI= SUMBHSETAI KAI TW*I "ENI KAI TOI$ POLLOI$ KAI PRO$
<P 136B>
"AUTA KAI PRO$ 'ALLHLA; KAI 'AUQI$ 'AU 'EA=N "UPOQHI4 'EI 'ESTIN
"OMOIOTH$ 'H= 'EI MH 'ESTIN, TI= 'EF' "EKATERA$ TH$ "UPOQESEW$
SUMBHSETAI KAI 'AUTOI$ TOI$ "UPOTEQEISIN KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ KAI
PRO$ "AUTA KAI PRO$ 'ALLHLA. KAI PERI= 'ANOMOIOU "O 'AUTO$
LOGO$ KAI PERI= KINHSEW$ KAI PERI= STASEW$ KAI PERI= GENESEW$
KAI FQORA$ KAI PERI= 'AUTOU4 TOU* 'EINAI KAI TOU* MH 'EINAI; KAI
"ENI LOGWI, PERI= "OTOU 'AN4 'AEI "UPOQHI4 "W$ 'ONTO$ KAI "W$ 'OUK 'ONTO$
KAI "OTIOUN 'ALLO PAQO$ PASCONTO$, DEI SKOPEIN TA SUMBAINONTA
<P 136C>
PRO$ "AUTO KAI PRO$ "EN "EKASTON TWN 'ALLWN, "OTI2 'AN4
PROELHI4, KAI PRO$ PLEIW KAI PRO$ SUMPANTA "WSAUTW$; KAI
'TALLA 'AU PRO$ "AUTA TE-KAI PRO$ 'ALLO "OTI2 'AN4 PROAIRHI3 'AEI,
'EANTE "W$ 'ON "UPOQHI4 "O= "UPETIQESO, 'ANTE "W$ MH 'ON, 'EI MELLEI$
TELEW$ GUMNASAMENO$ KURIW$ DIOYESQAI TO 'ALHQE$.
'AMHCANON G' 'EFH, LEGEI$, 'W* PARMENIDH, PRAGMATEIAN,
KAI 'OU SFO=DRA MANQANW0. 'ALLA= MOI TI= 'OU DIHLQE$ 'AUTO$
"UPOQEMENO$ TI, "INA MALLON KATAMAQW:
<P 136D>
POLU 'ERGON, FANAI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, PROSTATTEI$ "W$ THLIKWIDE.
'ALLA= SU, 'EIPEIN TON SWKRATH, ZHNWN, TI= 'OU DIHLQE$
"HMIN:
KAI TON ZHNWNA 'EFH GELASANTA FANAI0; 'AUTOU4, 'W*
SWKRATE$, DEWMEQA PARMENIDOU; MH-GAR 'OU FAULON 'HI "O=
LEGEI0. 'H= 'OUC "ORA*I$0 "OSON 'ERGON PROSTATTEI$: 'EI MEN-'OUN
PLEIOU$ 'HMEN, 'OUK 'AN4 'AXION 'H*N DEISQAI; 'APREPH GAR TA
TOIAUTA POLLWN 'ENANTION LEGEIN 'ALLW$ TE KAI THLIKOUTWI;
<P 136E>
'AGNOOUSIN0 GAR "OI POLLOI "OTI4 'ANEU TAUTH$ TH$ DIA= PANTWN
DIEXODOU TE-KAI PLANH$ 'ADUNATON 'ENTUCONTA TW*I 'ALHQEI NOUN
SCEIN. 'EGW MEN-'OUN, 'W* PARMENIDH, SWKRATEI SUNDEOMAI, "INA
KAI 'AUTO$ DIAKOUSW4 DIA= CRONOU.
TAUTA DH 'EIPONTO$ TOU* ZHNWNO$, 'EFH "O 'ANTIFWN FANAI0
TON PUQODWRON, 'AUTON TE DEISQAI TOU* PARMENIDOU KAI TON
'ARISTOTELH KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$, 'ENDEIXASQAI "O= LEGOI KAI
MH 'ALLW$ POIEIN. TON 'OUN PARMENIDHN; 'ANAGKH, FANAI0,
PEIQESQAI. KAITOI DOKW0 MOI TO TOU* 'IBUKEIOU "IPPOU PEPONQENAI,


<P 137A>
"WI 'EKEINO$ 'AQLHTHI 'ONTI KAI PRESBUTERWI, "UF' "ARMATI
MELLONTI 'AGWNIEISQAI KAI DI' 'EMPEIRIAN TREMONTI TO MELLON,
"EAUTON 'APEIKAZWN 'AKWN 'EFH KAI 'AUTO$ "OUTW PRESBUTH$ 'WN
'EI$ TON 'ERWTA 'ANAGKAZESQAI 'IENAI; 'KAGW MOI DOKW0 MEMNHMENO$
MALA FOBEISQAI PW*$ CRH THLIKONDE 'ONTA DIANEUSAI0 TOIOUTON
TE-KAI TOSOUTON PELAGO$ LOGWN; "OMW$ DE DEI GAR CARIZESQAI,
'EPEIDH KAI, "O= ZHNWN LEGEI0, 'AUTOI 'ESMEN. PO=QEN 'OUN-DH
<P 137B>
'ARXOMEQA KAI TI= PRWTON "UPOQHSOMEQA: 'H= BOULESQE0, 'EPEIDHPER
DOKEI0 PRAGMATEIWDH PAIDIAN PAIZEIN, 'AP' 'EMAUTOU
'ARXWMAI KAI TH$ 'EMAUTOU "UPOQESEW$, PERI= TOU* "ENO$ 'AUTOU4
"UPOQEMENO$, 'EITE "EN 'ESTIN 'EITE MH "EN, TI= CRH SUMBAINEIN:
PANU MEN-'OUN, FANAI0 TON ZHNWNA.
TI=$ 'OUN, 'EIPEIN, MOI 'APOKRINEITAI: 'H= "O NEWTATO$: "HKISTA
GAR 'AN4 POLUPRAGMONOI, KAI "A 'OIETAI MALISTA 'AN4 'APOKRINOITO0;
KAI "AMA 'EMOI4 'ANAPAULA 'AN4 'EIH "H 'EKEINOU 'APOKRISI$.
<P 137C>
"ETOIMO$ SOI4, 'W* PARMENIDH, FANAI0, TOUTO, TON 'ARISTOTELH;
'EME GAR LEGEI$ TON NEWTATON LEGWN. 'ALLA= 'ERWTA "W$
'APOKRINOUMENOU.
'EIEN DH, FANAI0; 'EI "EN 'ESTIN, 'ALLO TI 'OUK 'AN4 'EIH POLLA
TO "EN: PW*$ GAR 'AN4: 'OUTE-'A=RA MERO$ 'AUTOU4 'OUTE "OLON
'AUTO DEI 'EINAI. TI= DH: TO MERO$ POU "OLOU MERO$ 'ESTIN.
NAI. TI= DE TO "OLON: 'OUCI "OU 'AN4 MERO$ MHDEN 'APHI "OLON 'AN4
'EIH: PANU GE. 'AMFOTERW$ 'A=RA TO "EN 'EK MERWN 'AN4 'EIH,
"OLON TE 'ON KAI MERH 'ECON. 'ANAGKH. 'AMFOTERW$ 'AN4 'A=RA
<P 137D>
"OUTW$ TO "EN POLLA 'EIH 'ALL' 'OUC "EN. 'ALHQH. DEI DE-GE
MH POLLA 'ALL' "EN 'AUTO 'EINAI. DEI. 'OUT'-'A=RA "OLON 'ESTAI
'OUTE MERH "EXEI2, 'EI "EN 'ESTAI TO "EN. 'OU-GAR.
'OUKOU*N 'EI MHDEN 'ECEI0 MERO$, 'OUT' 'AN4 'ARCHN 'OUTE TELEUTHN
'OUTE MESON 'ECOI; MERH GAR 'AN4 'HDH 'AUTOU4 TA TOIAUTA 'EIH.
'ORQW$. KAI-MHN TELEUTH GE-KAI 'ARCH PERA$ "EKASTOU.
PW*$ D' 'OU=: 'APEIRON 'A=RA TO "EN, 'EI MHTE 'ARCHN MHTE TELEUTHN
'ECEI0. 'APEIRON. KAI 'ANEU SCHMATO$ 'A=RA; 'OUTE-GAR
<P 137E>
STROGGULOU 'OUTE 'EUQEO$ METECEI0. PW*$: STROGGULON GE-POU
'ESTI TOUTO "OU 'AN4 TA 'ESCATA PANTACHI 'APO TOU* MESOU 'ISON
'APECHI5. NAI. KAI-MHN 'EUQU GE, "OU 'AN4 TO MESON 'AMFOIN
TOIN 'ESCATOIN 'EPIPROSQEN 'HI. "OUTW$. 'OUKOU*N MERH 'AN4
'ECOI TO "EN KAI POLLA 'AN4 'EIH, 'EI=TE 'EUQEO$ SCHMATO$ 'EI=TE
PERIFEROU$ METECOI. PANU MEN-'OUN. 'OUTE-'A=RA 'EUQU 'OUTE


<P 138A>
PERIFERE$ 'ESTIN, 'EPEIPER 'OUDE MERH 'ECEI0. 'ORQW$.
KAI-MHN TOIOUTON GE 'ON 'OUDAMOU 'AN4 'EIH; 'OUTE-GAR 'EN
'ALLWI 'OUTE 'EN "EAUTWI 'EIH. PW*$ DH: 'EN 'ALLWI MEN 'ON
KUKLWI POU 'AN4 PERIECOITO "UP' 'EKEINOU 'EN "WI 'ENEIH, KAI
POLLACOU 'AN4 'AUTOU4 "APTOITO POLLOI$; TOU* DE "ENO$ TE-KAI
'AMEROU$ KAI KUKLOU MH METECONTO$ 'ADUNATON POLLACHI KUKLWI
"APTESQAI. 'ADUNATON. 'ALLA=-MHN 'AUTO GE 'EN "EAUTWI 'ON
'KAN4 "EAUTWI 'EIH PERIECON 'OUK 'ALLO 'H= "AUTO, 'EIPER KAI 'EN
<P 138B>
"EAUTWI 'EIH; 'EN TWI GAR TI 'EINAI MH PERIECONTI 'ADUNATON.
'ADUNATON GAR. 'OUKOU*N "ETERON MEN 'AN4 TI 'EIH 'AUTO TO
PERIECON, "ETERON DE TO PERIECOMENON; 'OU-GAR "OLON GE 'AMFW
'TAUTON "AMA PEISETAI KAI POIHSEI2; KAI "OUTW TO "EN 'OUK 'AN4
'EIH 'ETI "EN 'ALLA= DUO. 'OU-GAR-'OUN. 'OUK-'A=RA 'ESTIN POU
TO "EN, MHTE 'EN "AUTWI MHTE 'EN 'ALLWI 'ENON. 'OUK 'ESTIN.
"ORA DH, "OUTW$ 'ECON 'EI "OION-TE-'ESTIN "ESTANAI 'H= KINEISQAI.
TI= DH-GAR 'OU=: "OTI4 KINOUMENON GE 'H= FEROITO 'H=
<P 138C>
'ALLOIOITO 'AN4; "AUTAI GAR MONAI KINHSEI$. NAI. 'ALLOIOUMENON
DE TO "EN "EAUTOU 'ADUNATON POU "EN 'ETI 'EINAI. 'ADUNATON.
'OUK-'A=RA KAT' 'ALLOIWSIN GE KINEITAI. 'OU FAINETAI.
'ALL'-'A*RA TW*I FERESQAI: 'ISW$. KAI-MHN 'EI FEROITO
TO "EN, 'HTOI 'EN TW*I 'AUTWI 'AN4 PERIFEROITO KUKLWI 'H= METALLATTOI
CWRAN "ETERAN 'EX "ETERA$. 'ANAGKH. 'OUKOU*N KUKLWI
MEN PERIFEROMENON 'EPI MESOU BEBHKENAI 'ANAGKH, KAI TA
PERI= TO MESON FEROMENA 'A=LLA MERH 'ECEIN "EAUTOU; "WI DE-MHTE
<P 138D>
MESOU MHTE MERWN PROSHKEI0, TI=$ MHCANH TOUTO KUKLWI
POT' 'EPI TOU* MESOU 'ENECQHNAI: 'OUDEMIA. 'ALLA=-DH CWRAN
'AMEIBON 'ALLOT' 'ALLOQI GIGNETAI KAI "OUTW KINEITAI: 'EIPER
GE-DH. 'OUKOU*N 'EINAI MEN-POU 'EN TINI 'AUTWI 'ADUNATON
'EFANH: NAI. 'A*R'-'OUN GIGNESQAI 'ETI 'ADUNATWTERON:
'OUK 'ENNOW0 "OPHI. 'EI 'EN TWI TI GIGNETAI, 'OUK 'ANAGKH MHTE
PW 'EN 'EKEINWI 'EINAI 'ETI 'EGGIGNOMENON, MHT' 'ETI 'EXW 'EKEINOU
PANTAPASIN, 'EIPER 'HDH 'EGGIGNETAI: 'ANAGKH. 'EI 'A=RA TI
<P 138E>
'ALLO PEISETAI TOUTO, 'EKEINO 'AN4 MONON PASCOI "OU MERH 'EIH;
TO MEN-GAR 'AN4 TI 'AUTOU4 'HDH 'EN 'EKEINWI, TO DE 'EXW 'EIH "AMA;
TO DE MH 'ECON MERH 'OUC "OION-TE POU 'ESTAI TROPWI 'OUDENI
"OLON "AMA MHTE 'ENTO$ 'EINAI TINO$ MHTE 'EXW. 'ALHQH. "OU
DE-MHTE MERH 'EISI MHTE "OLON TUGCANEI0 'ON, 'OU POLU 'ETI
'ADUNATWTERON 'EGGIGNESQAI POU, MHTE KATA MERH MHTE KATA
"OLON 'EGGIGNOMENON: FAINETAI. 'OUT'-'A=RA POI 'ION KAI 'EN


<P 139A>
TWI GIGNOMENON CWRAN 'ALLATTEI0, 'OUT' 'EN TW*I 'AUTWI PERIFEROMENON
'OUTE 'ALLOIOUMENON. 'OUK 'EOIKE0. KATA PASAN 'A=RA
KINHSIN TO "EN 'AKINHTON. 'AKINHTON. 'ALLA=-MHN-KAI 'EINAI
GE FAMEN 'EN TINI 'AUTO 'ADUNATON. FAMEN GAR. 'OUD'-'A=RA
POTE 'EN TW*I 'AUTWI 'ESTIN. TI= DH: "OTI4 'HDH 'AN4 'EN 'EKEINWI
'EIH 'EN "WI TW*I 'AUTWI 'ESTIN. PANU MEN-'OUN. 'ALL'-'OUTE 'EN
"AUTWI 'OUTE 'EN 'ALLWI "OION-TE-'H*N 'AUTWI 'ENEINAI. 'OU-GAR-'OUN.
'OUDEPOTE 'A=RA 'ESTI TO "EN 'EN TW*I 'AUTWI. 'OUK 'EOIKEN0.
<P 139B>
'ALLA=-MHN TO GE MHDEPOTE 'EN TW*I 'AUTWI 'ON 'OUTE "HSUCIAN
'AGEI0 'OUQ' "ESTHKEN0. 'OU-GAR "OION-TE. TO "EN 'A=RA "W$ 'EOIKEN0,
'OUTE "ESTHKEN0 'OUTE KINEITAI. 'OU=KOUN-DH FAINETAI GE.
'OUDE-MHN 'TAUTON GE-'OUTE "ETERWI 'OUTE "EAUTWI 'ESTAI, 'OUD'
'AU "ETERON 'OUTE "AUTOU 'OUTE "ETEROU 'AN4 'EIH. PH*I DH: "ETERON
MEN-POU "EAUTOU 'ON "ENO$ "ETERON 'AN4 'EIH KAI 'OUK 'AN4 'EIH "EN.
'ALHQH. KAI-MHN 'TAUTON GE "ETERWI 'ON 'EKEINO 'AN4 'EIH, 'AUTO
<P 139C>
D' 'OUK 'AN4 'EIH; "WSTE 'OUD' 'AN4 "OUTW$ 'EIH "OPER 'ESTIN, "EN, 'ALL'
"ETERON "ENO$. 'OU-GAR-'OUN. 'TAUTON MEN-'A=RA "ETERWI 'H= "ETERON
"EAUTOU 'OUK 'ESTAI. 'OU-GAR. "ETERON DE-GE "ETEROU 'OUK
'ESTAI, "EW$ 'AN4 'HI "EN; 'OU-GAR "ENI PROSHKEI0 "ETERWI TINO$
'EINAI, 'ALLA= MONWI "ETERWI "ETEROU, 'ALLWI DE 'OUDENI. 'ORQW$.
TW*I MEN-'A=RA "EN 'EINAI 'OUK 'ESTAI "ETERON; 'H= 'OIEI: 'OU-DHTA.
'ALLA=-MHN 'EI MH TOUTWI, 'OUC "EAUTWI 'ESTAI, 'EI DE MH
"AUTWI, 'OUDE 'AUTO; 'AUTO DE MHDAMHI 'ON "ETERON 'OUDENO$ 'ESTAI
<P 139D>
"ETERON. 'ORQW$. 'OUDE-MHN 'TAUTON GE "EAUTWI 'ESTAI. PW*$
D' 'OU=: 'OUC "HPER TOU* "ENO$ FUSI$, "AUTH= DHPOU-KAI TOU*
'TAUTOU. TI= DH: "OTI4 'OUK, 'EPEIDAN 'TAUTON GENHTAI TWI TI,
"EN GIGNETAI. 'ALLA= TI= MHN: TOI$ POLLOI$ 'TAUTON GENOMENON
POLLA 'ANAGKH GIGNESQAI 'ALL' 'OUC "EN. 'ALHQH.
'ALL' 'EI TO "EN KAI TO 'TAUTON MHDAMHI DIAFEREI0, "OPOTE TI
'TAUTON 'EGIGNETO, 'AEI 'AN4 "EN 'EGIGNETO, KAI "OPOTE "EN, 'TAUTON.
<P 139E>
PANU GE. 'EI 'A=RA TO "EN "EAUTWI 'TAUTON 'ESTAI, 'OUC
"EN "EAUTWI 'ESTAI; KAI "OUTW "EN 'ON 'OUC "EN 'ESTAI. 'ALLA=-MHN
TOUTO GE 'ADUNATON; 'ADUNATON 'A=RA-KAI TW*I "ENI 'H= "ETEROU "ETERON
'EINAI 'H= "EAUTWI 'TAUTON. 'ADUNATON. "OUTW DH "ETERON GE
'H= 'TAUTON TO "EN 'OUT' 'AN4 "AUTWI 'OUT' 'AN4 "ETERWI 'EIH.
'OU-GAR-'OUN.
'OUDE-MHN "OMOION TINI 'ESTAI 'OUD' 'ANOMOION 'OUTE "AUTWI 'OUTE
"ETERWI. TI= DH: "OTI4 TO 'TAUTON POU PEPONQO$ "OMOION.
NAI. TOU* DE-GE "ENO$ CWRI$ 'EFANH THN FUSIN TO 'TAUTON.


<P 140A>
'EFANH GAR. 'ALLA=-MHN 'EI TI PEPONQE0 CWRI$ TOU*
"EN 'EINAI TO "EN, PLEIW 'AN4 'EINAI PEPONQOI 'H= "EN, TOUTO DE
'ADUNATON. NAI. 'OUDAMW$ 'ESTIN 'A=RA 'TAUTON PEPONQO$
'EINAI TO "EN 'OUTE 'ALLWI 'OUTE "EAUTWI. 'OU FAINETAI. 'OUDE
"OMOION 'A=RA DUNATON 'AUTO 'EINAI 'OUTE 'ALLWI 'OUTE "EAUTWI. 'OUK
'EOIKEN0. 'OUDE-MHN "ETERON GE PEPONQEN0 'EINAI TO "EN; KAI-GAR
"OUTW PLEIW 'AN4 PEPONQOI 'EINAI 'H= "EN. PLEIW GAR. TO GE-MHN
"ETERON PEPONQO$ 'H= "EAUTOU 'H= 'ALLOU 'ANOMOION 'AN4 'EIH 'H= "EAUTWI
<P 140B>
'H= 'ALLWI, 'EIPER TO 'TAUTON PEPONQO$ "OMOION. 'ORQW$. TO
DE-GE "EN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'OUDAMW$ "ETERON PEPONQO$ 'OUDAMW$
'ANOMOION 'ESTIN 'OUTE "AUTWI 'OUTE "ETERWI. 'OU-GAR-'OUN.
'OUTE-'A=RA "OMOION 'OUTE 'ANOMOION 'OUQ' "ETERWI 'OUTE "EAUTWI 'AN4 'EIH
TO "EN. 'OU FAINETAI.
KAI-MHN TOIOUTON GE 'ON 'OUTE 'ISON 'OUTE 'ANISON 'ESTAI
'OUTE "EAUTWI 'OUTE 'ALLWI. PH*I: 'ISON MEN 'ON TWN 'AUTWN
METRWN 'ESTAI 'EKEINWI "WI 'AN4 'ISON 'HI. NAI. MEIZON DE-POU
<P 140C>
'H= 'ELATTON 'ON, "OI$ MEN 'AN4 SUMMETRON 'HI, TWN MEN 'ELATTONWN
PLEIW METRA "EXEI2, TWN DE MEIZONWN 'ELATTW. NAI. "OI$ D'
'AN4 MH SUMMETRON, TWN MEN SMIKROTERWN, TWN DE MEIZONWN
METRWN 'ESTAI. PW*$ GAR 'OU=: 'OUKOU*N 'ADUNATON TO MH
METECON TOU* 'AUTOU4 'H= METRWN TWN 'AUTWN 'EINAI 'H= 'ALLWN
"WNTINWNOUN TWN 'AUTWN: 'ADUNATON. 'ISON MEN-'A=RA-'OUT'
'AN4 "EAUTWI 'OUTE 'ALLWI 'EIH MH TWN 'AUTWN METRWN 'ON. 'OU=KOUN
FAINETAI GE. 'ALLA=-MHN PLEIONWN GE METRWN 'ON 'H= 'ELATTONWN,
"OSWNPER METRWN, TOSOUTWN KAI MERWN 'AN4 'EIH; KAI
<P 140D>
"OUTW 'AU 'OUKETI "EN 'ESTAI 'ALLA= TOSAUTA "OSAPER KAI TA
METRA. 'ORQW$. 'EI DE-GE "ENO$ METROU 'EIH, 'ISON 'AN4 GIGNOITO
TW*I METRWI; TOUTO DE 'ADUNATON 'EFANH, 'ISON TWI 'AUTO
'EINAI. 'EFANH GAR. 'OUTE-'A=RA "ENO$ METROU METECON 'OUTE
POLLWN 'OUTE 'OLIGWN, 'OUTE TO PARAPAN TOU* 'AUTOU4 METECON,
'OUTE "EAUTWI POTE, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'ESTAI 'ISON 'OUTE 'ALLWI; 'OUTE 'AU
MEIZON 'OUDE 'ELATTON 'OUTE "EAUTOU 'OUTE "ETEROU. PANTAPASI
MEN-'OUN "OUTW.
<P 140E>
TI= DE: PRESBUTERON 'H= NEWTERON 'H= THN 'AUTHN "HLIKIAN
'ECEIN TO "EN DOKEI0 TWI DUNATON 'EINAI: TI= DH-GAR 'OU=: "OTI4
POU "HLIKIAN MEN THN 'AUTHN 'ECON 'H= "AUTWI 'H= 'ALLWI 'ISOTHTO$
CRONOU KAI "OMOIOTHTO$ MEQEXEI2, "WN 'ELEGOMEN 'OU METEINAI
TW*I "ENI, 'OUTE "OMOIOTHTO$ 'OUTE 'ISOTHTO$. 'ELEGOMEN GAR-'OUN.
KAI-MHN-KAI "OTI4 'ANOMOIOTHTO$ TE-KAI 'ANISOTHTO$ 'OU
METECEI0, KAI TOUTO 'ELEGOMEN. PANU MEN-'OUN. PW*$ 'OUN


<P 141A>
"OION-TE-'ESTAI TINO$ 'H= PRESBUTERON 'H= NEWTERON 'EINAI 'H= THN
'AUTHN "HLIKIAN 'ECEIN TWI TOIOUTON 'ON: 'OUDAMW$. 'OUK-'A=RA
'AN4 'EIH NEWTERON GE-'OUDE PRESBUTERON 'OUDE THN 'AUTHN
"HLIKIAN 'ECON TO "EN 'OUTE "AUTWI 'OUTE 'ALLWI. 'OU FAINETAI.
'A*R'-'OUN-'OUDE 'EN CRONWI TO PARAPAN DUNAITO 'AN4 'EINAI TO "EN,
'EI TOIOUTON 'EIH: 'H= 'OUK 'ANAGKH, 'EA=N TI 'HI 'EN CRONWI, 'AEI
'AUTO "AUTOU PRESBUTERON GIGNESQAI: 'ANAGKH. 'OUKOU*N
TO GE PRESBUTERON 'AEI NEWTEROU PRESBUTERON: TI= MHN:
<P 141B>
TO PRESBUTERON 'A=RA "EAUTOU GIGNOMENON KAI NEWTERON
"EAUTOU "AMA GIGNETAI, 'EIPER MELLEI0 'ECEIN "OTOU PRESBUTERON
GIGNHTAI. PW*$ LEGEI$: "WDE; DIAFORON "ETERON "ETEROU
'OUDEN DEI GIGNESQAI 'HDH 'ONTO$ DIAFOROU, 'ALLA= TOU* MEN
'HDH 'ONTO$ 'HDH 'EINAI, TOU* DE GEGONOTO$ GEGONENAI, TOU* DE
MELLONTO$ MELLEIN, TOU* DE GIGNOMENOU 'OUTE GEGONENAI 'OUTE
MELLEIN 'OUTE 'EINAI PW DIAFORON, 'ALLA= GIGNESQAI KAI 'ALLW$
<P 141C>
'OUK 'EINAI. 'ANAGKH GAR-DH. 'ALLA=-MHN TO GE PRESBUTERON
DIAFOROTH$ NEWTEROU 'ESTIN KAI 'OUDENO$ 'ALLOU. 'ESTI GAR?=
TO 'A=RA PRESBUTERON "EAUTOU GIGNOMENON 'ANAGKH KAI
NEWTERON "AMA "EAUTOU GIGNESQAI. 'EOIKEN0. 'ALLA=-MHN-KAI-MHTE
PLEIW "EAUTOU GIGNESQAI CRONON MHTE 'ELATTW, 'ALLA=
TON 'ISON CRONON KAI GIGNESQAI "EAUTWI KAI 'EINAI KAI GEGONENAI
KAI MELLEIN 'ESESQAI. 'ANAGKH GAR-'OUN-KAI TAUTA.
'ANAGKH 'A=RA 'ESTIN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "OSA GE 'EN CRONWI 'ESTIN
<P 141D>
KAI METECEI0 TOU* TOIOUTOU, "EKASTON 'AUTWN THN 'AUTHN TE
'AUTO 'AUTWI "HLIKIAN 'ECEIN KAI PRESBUTERON TE "AUTOU "AMA KAI
NEWTERON GIGNESQAI. KINDUNEUEI0. 'ALLA=-MHN TW*I GE "ENI TWN
TOIOUTWN PAQHMATWN 'OUDEN METHN. 'OU-GAR METHN. 'OUDE-'A=RA
CRONOU 'AUTWI METESTIN, 'OUD' 'ESTIN 'EN TINI CRONWI.
'OU=KOUN-DH, "W$ GE "O LOGO$ "AIREI0.
TI= 'OUN: TO 'H*N KAI TO GEGONE0 KAI TO 'EGIGNETO 'OU CRONOU
MEQEXIN DOKEI0 SHMAINEIN TOU* POTE GEGONOTO$: KAI MALA.
<P 141E>
TI= DE: TO 'ESTAI KAI TO GENHSETAI KAI TO GENHQHSETAI 'OU
TOU* 'EPEITA TOU*8 MELLONTO$8: NAI. TO DE-DH 'ESTI KAI
TO GIGNETAI 'OU TOU* NU*N PARONTO$: PANU MEN-'OUN. 'EI
'A=RA TO "EN MHDAMHI MHDENO$ METECEI0 CRONOU, 'OUTE POTE
GEGONEN0 'OUT' 'EGIGNETO 'OUT' 'H*N POTE, 'OUTE NU*N GEGONEN0 'OUTE
GIGNETAI 'OUTE 'ESTIN, 'OUT' 'EPEITA GENHSETAI 'OUTE GENHQHSETAI
'OUTE 'ESTAI. 'ALHQESTATA. 'ESTIN 'OUN 'OUSIA$ "OPW$
'AN4 TI METASCOI 'ALLW$ 'H= KATA TOUTWN TI: 'OUK 'ESTIN.
'OUDAMW$ 'A=RA TO "EN 'OUSIA$ METECEI0. 'OUK 'EOIKEN0. 'OUDAMW$
'A=RA 'ESTI TO "EN. 'OU FAINETAI. 'OUD'-'A=RA "OUTW$ 'ESTIN
"WSTE "EN 'EINAI; 'EIH GAR 'AN4 'HDH 'ON KAI 'OUSIA$ METECON;
'ALL' "W$ 'EOIKEN0, TO "EN 'OUTE "EN 'ESTIN 'OUTE 'ESTIN, 'EI DEI TW*I


<P 142A>
TOIWIDE LOGWI PISTEUEIN. KINDUNEUEI0. "O= DE MH 'ESTI,
TOUTWI TW*I MH 'ONTI 'EIH 'AN4 TI 'AUTWI 'H= 'AUTOU4: KAI PW*$:
'OUD'-'A=RA 'ONOMA 'ESTIN 'AUTWI 'OUDE LOGO$ 'OUDE TI$ 'EPISTHMH
'OUDE 'AISQHSI$ 'OUDE DOXA. 'OU FAINETAI. 'OUD' 'ONOMAZETAI
'A=RA-'OUDE LEGETAI 'OUDE DOXAZETAI 'OUDE GIGNWSKETAI,
'OUDE TI TWN 'ONTWN0 'AUTOU4 'AISQANETAI. 'OUK 'EOIKEN0. 'H*
DUNATON 'OUN PERI= TO "EN TAUTA "OUTW$ 'ECEIN: 'OU=KOUN 'EMOIGE
DOKEI0.
<P 142B>
BOULEI 'OUN 'EPI THN "UPOQESIN PALIN 'EX 'ARCH$ 'EPANELQWMEN,
'EA=N TI "HMIN 'EPANIOUSIN 'ALLOION FANHI: PANU MEN-'OUN
BOULOMAI. 'OUKOU*N "EN 'EI 'ESTIN, FAMEN, TA SUMBAINONTA
PERI= 'AUTOU4, POI*A POTE TUGCANEI0 'ONTA, DIOMOLOGHTEA
TAUTA; 'OUC "OUTW: NAI. "ORA DH 'EX 'ARCH$. "EN 'EI 'ESTIN,
'A*RA "OION-TE 'AUTO 'EINAI MEN, 'OUSIA$ DE MH METECEIN: 'OUC
"OION-TE. 'OUKOU*N-KAI "H 'OUSIA TOU* "ENO$ 'EIH 'AN4 'OU 'TAUTON
'OUSA TW*I "ENI; 'OU-GAR 'AN4 'EKEINH 'H*N 'EKEINOU 'OUSIA, 'OUD' 'AN4
<P 142C>
'EKEINO, TO "EN, 'EKEINH$ METEICEN, 'ALL' "OMOION 'AN4 'H*N LEGEIN "EN
TE 'EINAI KAI "EN "EN. NU*N DE 'OUC "AU=TH 'ESTIN "H "UPOQESI$,
'EI "EN "EN, TI= CRH SUMBAINEIN, 'ALL' 'EI "EN 'ESTIN; 'OUC
"OUTW: PANU MEN-'OUN. 'OUKOU*N "W$ 'ALLO TI SHMAINON TO
'ESTI TOU* "EN: 'ANAGKH. 'A*RA-'OUN 'ALLO 'H= "OTI4 'OUSIA$
METECEI0 TO "EN, TOUT' 'AN4 'EIH TO LEGOMENON, 'EPEIDAN TI$
SULLHBDHN 'EIPHI6 "OTI4 "EN 'ESTIN: PANU GE. PALIN DH LEGWMEN,
"EN 'EI 'ESTIN, TI= SUMBHSETAI. SKOPEI5 'OUN 'EI 'OUK 'ANAGKH
TAUTHN THN "UPOQESIN TOIOUTON 'ON TO "EN SHMAINEIN, "OION
<P 142D>
MERH 'ECEIN: PW*$: "WDE; 'EI TO 'ESTI TOU* "ENO$ 'ONTO$
LEGETAI KAI TO "EN TOU* 'ONTO$ "ENO$, 'ESTI DE 'OU TO 'AUTO "H TE
'OUSIA KAI TO "EN, TOU* 'AUTOU4 DE 'EKEINOU "OU "UPEQEMEQA, TOU*
"ENO$ 'ONTO$, 'A*RA 'OUK 'ANAGKH TO MEN "OLON "EN 'ON 'EINAI 'AUTO,
TOUTOU DE GIGNESQAI MORIA TO TE "EN KAI TO 'EINAI: 'ANAGKH.
POTERON 'OUN "EKATERON TWN MORIWN TOUTWN MORION MONON
PROSEROUMEN2, 'H= TOU* "OLOU MORION TO GE MORION PROSRHTEON:
TOU* "OLOU. KAI "OLON 'A=RA 'ESTI, "O= 'AN4 "EN 'HI, KAI
MORION 'ECEI0. PANU GE. TI= 'OUN: TWN MORIWN "EKATERON
<P 142E>
TOUTWN TOU* "ENO$ 'ONTO$, TO TE "EN KAI TO 'ON, 'A*RA 'APOLEIPESQON0
'H= TO "EN TOU* 'EINAI MORIOU 'H= TO 'ON TOU* "ENO$ MORIOU: 'OUK
'AN4 'EIH. PALIN 'A=RA-KAI TWN MORIWN "EKATERON TO TE "EN
'ISCEI0 KAI TO 'ON, KAI GIGNETAI TO 'ELACISTON 'EK DUOIN 'AU
MORIOIN TO MORION, KAI KATA TON 'AUTON LOGON "OUTW$ 'AEI,
"OTIPER2 'AN4 MORION GENHTAI, TOUTW TW MORIW 'AEI 'ISCEI0; TO
TE-GAR "EN TO 'ON 'AEI 'ISCEI0 KAI TO 'ON TO "EN; "WSTE 'ANAGKH


<P 143A>
DU' 'AEI GIGNOMENON MHDEPOTE "EN 'EINAI. PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
'OUKOU*N 'APEIRON 'AN4 TO PLHQO$ "OUTW TO "EN 'ON 'EIH:
'EOIKEN0.
'IQI DH-KAI THIDE 'ETI. PH*I: 'OUSIA$ FAMEN METECEIN TO
"EN, DIO 'ESTIN: NAI. KAI DIA= TAUTA DH TO "EN 'ON POLLA
'EFANH. "OUTW. TI= DE: 'AUTO TO "EN, "O= DH FAMEN 'OUSIA$
METECEIN, 'EA=N 'AUTO THI DIANOIA\ MONON KAQ' "AUTO LABWMEN
'ANEU TOUTOU "OU FAMEN METECEIN, 'A*RA-GE "EN MONON FANHSETAI
'H=-KAI POLLA TO 'AUTO TOUTO: "EN, 'OIMAI 'EGWGE.
<P 143B>
'IDWMEN DH; 'ALLO TI "ETERON MEN 'ANAGKH THN 'OUSIAN 'AUTOU4
'EINAI, "ETERON DE 'AUTO, 'EIPER MH 'OUSIA TO "EN, 'ALL' "W$ "EN
'OUSIA$ METESCEN. 'ANAGKH. 'OUKOU*N 'EI "ETERON MEN "H 'OUSIA,
"ETERON DE TO "EN, 'OUTE TW*I "EN TO "EN TH$ 'OUSIA$ "ETERON
'OUTE TW*I 'OUSIA 'EINAI "H 'OUSIA TOU* "ENO$ 'ALLO, 'ALLA= TW*I "ETERWI
TE-KAI 'ALLWI "E=TERA 'ALLHLWN. PANU MEN-'OUN. "WSTE
'OU 'TAUTON 'ESTIN 'OUTE TW*I "ENI 'OUTE THI 'OUSIA\ TO "ETERON.
PW*$ GAR:
<P 143C>
TI= 'OUN: 'EA=N PROELWMEQA 'AUTWN 'EI=TE BOULEI THN 'OUSIAN
KAI TO "ETERON 'EI=TE THN 'OUSIAN KAI TO "EN 'EI=TE TO "EN KAI TO
"ETERON, 'A*R' 'OUK 'EN "EKASTHI THI PROAIRESEI PROAIROUMEQA TINE
"W 'ORQW$ 'ECEI0 KALEISQAI0 'AMFOTERW: PW*$: "WDE; 'ESTIN2
'OUSIAN 'EIPEIN: 'ESTIN2. KAI 'AUQI$ 'EIPEIN "EN: KAI
TOUTO. 'A*R'-'OUN 'OUC "EKATERON 'AUTOIN 'EIRHTHI: NAI. TI=
D' "OTAN 'EIPW 'OUSIA TE-KAI "EN, 'A*RA 'OUK 'AMFOTERW: PANU
GE. 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'EA=N 'OUSIA TE-KAI "ETERON 'H= "ETERON TE-KAI
"EN, KAI "OUTW PANTACW$ 'EF' "EKASTOU 'AMFW LEGW0: NAI.
<P 143D>
"W D' 'AN4 'AMFW 'ORQW$ PROSAGOREUHSQON, 'A*RA "OION-TE 'AMFW
MEN 'AUTW 'EINAI, DUO DE MH: 'OUC "OION-TE. "W D' 'AN4 DUO
'HTON, 'ESTI TI$ MHCANH MH 'OUC "EKATERON 'AUTOIN "EN 'EINAI:
'OUDEMIA. TOUTWN 'A=RA 'EPEIPER SUNDUO "EKASTA SUMBAINEI0
'EINAI, KAI "EN 'AN4 'EIH "EKASTON. FAINETAI. 'EI DE "EN "EKASTON
'AUTWN 'ESTI, SUNTEQENTO$ "ENO$ "OPOIOUOUN "HITINIOUN SUZUGIA\
'OU TRIA GIGNETAI TA PANTA: NAI. TRIA DE 'OU PERITTA
KAI DUO 'A=RTIA: PW*$ D' 'OU=: TI= DE: DUOIN 'ONTOIN 'OUK
<P 143E>
'ANAGKH 'EINAI KAI DI$, KAI TRIWN 'ONTWN0 TRI$, 'EIPER "UPARCEI0
TW*I TE DUO TO DI$ "EN KAI TW*I TRIA TO TRI$ "EN: 'ANAGKH.
DUOIN DE 'ONTOIN KAI DI$ 'OUK 'ANAGKH DUO DI$ 'EINAI: KAI
TRIWN KAI TRI$ 'OUK 'ANAGKH 'AU TRIA TRI$ 'EINAI: PW*$ D'
'OU=: TI= DE: TRIWN 'ONTWN0 KAI DI$ 'ONTWN0 KAI DUOIN 'ONTOIN
KAI TRI$ 'ONTOIN 'OUK 'ANAGKH TE TRIA DI$ 'EINAI KAI DUO
TRI$: POLLH GE. 'A=RTIA TE-'A=RA 'ARTIAKI$ 'AN4 'EIH KAI


<P 144A>
PERITTA PERITTAKI$ KAI 'A=RTIA PERITTAKI$ KAI PERITTA 'ARTIAKI$.
'ESTIN "OUTW. 'EI 'OUN TAUTA "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, 'OIEI TINA
'ARIQMON "UPOLEIPESQAI "ON 'OUK 'ANAGKH 'EINAI: 'OUDAMW$
GE. 'EI 'A=RA 'ESTIN "EN, 'ANAGKH KAI 'ARIQMON 'EINAI. 'ANAGKH.
'ALLA=-MHN 'ARIQMOU GE 'ONTO$ POLLA 'AN4 'EIH KAI
PLHQO$ 'APEIRON TWN 'ONTWN0; 'H= 'OUK 'APEIRO$ 'ARIQMO$ PLHQEI
KAI METECWN 'OUSIA$ GIGNETAI: KAI PANU GE. 'OUKOU*N 'EI
PA$ 'ARIQMO$ 'OUSIA$ METECEI0, KAI TO MORION "EKASTON TOU*
'ARIQMOU METECOI 'AN4 'AUTH$: NAI.
<P 144B>
'EPI PANTA 'A=RA POLLA 'ONTA "H 'OUSIA NENEMHTAI KAI
'OUDENO$ 'APOSTATEI0 TWN 'ONTWN0, 'OUTE TOU* SMIKROTATOU 'OUTE
TOU* MEGISTOU: 'H= TOUTO MEN-KAI 'ALOGON 'ERESQAI: PW*$ GAR 'AN4
DH 'OUSIA GE TWN 'ONTWN0 TOU 'APOSTATOI: 'OUDAMW$. KATAKEKERMATISTAI
'A=RA "W$ "OION-TE SMIKROTATA KAI MEGISTA KAI
PANTACW$ 'ONTA, KAI MEMERISTAI PANTWN MALISTA, KAI 'ESTI
<P 144C>
MERH 'APERANTA TH$ 'OUSIA$. 'ECEI0 "OUTW. PLEISTA 'A=RA 'ESTI
TA MERH 'AUTH$. PLEISTA MENTOI. TI= 'OUN: 'ESTI TI 'AUTWN "O=
'ESTI MEN MERO$ TH$ 'OUSIA$, 'OUDEN MENTOI MERO$: KAI PW*$
'AN4 TOI8 TOUTO GENOITO: 'ALL' 'EIPER GE 'OIMAI 'ESTIN, 'ANAGKH
'AUTO 'AEI, "EWSPER 'AN4 'HI, "EN GE TI 'EINAI, MHDEN DE 'ADUNATON.
'ANAGKH. PRO$ "APANTI 'A=RA "EKASTWI8 TW*I TH$ 'OUSIA$ MEREI
PROSESTIN TO "EN, 'OUK 'APOLEIPOMENON 'OUTE SMIKROTEROU 'OUTE
MEIZONO$ MEROU$ 'OUTE 'ALLOU 'OUDENO$. "OUTW. 'A*RA-'OUN "EN
<P 144D>
'ON POLLACOU "AMA "OLON 'ESTI: TOUTO 'AQREI5. 'ALL' 'AQRW0
KAI "ORW0 "OTI4 'ADUNATON. MEMERISMENON 'A=RA, 'EIPER MH "OLON;
'ALLW$ GAR-POU 'OUDAMW$ "AMA "APASI TOI$ TH$ 'OUSIA$ MERESIN
PARESTAI 'H= MEMERISMENON. NAI. KAI-MHN TO GE MERISTON
POLLH 'ANAGKH 'EINAI TOSAUTA "OSAPER MERH. 'ANAGKH. 'OUK-'A=RA
'ALHQH 'ARTI 'ELEGOMEN LEGONTE$ "W$ PLEISTA MERH "H 'OUSIA
NENEMHMENH-'EIH. 'OUDE-GAR PLEIW TOU* "ENO$ NENEMHTAI, 'ALL'
<P 144E>
'ISA, "W$ 'EOIKE0, TW*I "ENI; 'OUTE-GAR TO 'ON TOU* "ENO$ 'APOLEIPETAI
'OUTE TO "EN TOU* 'ONTO$, 'ALL' 'EXISOUSQON0 DUO 'ONTE 'AEI PARA
PANTA. PANTAPASIN "OUTW FAINETAI. TO "EN 'A=RA 'AUTO
KEKERMATISMENON "UPO TH$ 'OUSIA$ POLLA TE-KAI 'APEIRA TO
PLHQO$ 'ESTIN. FAINETAI. 'OU MONON 'A=RA TO 'ON "EN POLLA
'ESTIN, 'ALLA=-KAI 'AUTO TO "EN "UPO TOU* 'ONTO$ DIANENEMHMENON
POLLA 'ANAGKH 'EINAI. PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
KAI-MHN "OTI4 GE "OLOU TA MORIA MORIA, PEPERASMENON 'AN4
'EIH KATA TO "OLON TO "EN; 'H= 'OU PERIECETAI "UPO TOU* "OLOU TA


<P 145A>
MORIA: 'ANAGKH. 'ALLA=-MHN TO GE PERIECON PERA$ 'AN4 'EIH.
PW*$ D' 'OU=: TO "EN 'A=RA 'ON "EN TE 'ESTI POU-KAI POLLA, KAI
"OLON KAI MORIA, KAI PEPERASMENON KAI 'APEIRON PLHQEI.
FAINETAI. 'A*R'-'OUN 'OUK, 'EPEIPER PEPERASMENON, KAI 'ESCATA
'ECON: 'ANAGKH. TI= DE: 'EI "OLON, 'OU-KAI 'ARCHN 'AN4 'ECOI KAI
MESON KAI TELEUTHN: 'H= "OION-TE TI "OLON 'EINAI 'ANEU TRIWN
TOUTWN: 'KAN2 TOU "EN "OTIOUN 'AUTWN 'APOSTATHI5, 'EQELHSEI2 'ETI
"OLON 'EINAI: 'OUK 'EQELHSEI2. KAI 'ARCHN DH, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, KAI
<P 145B>
TELEUTHN KAI MESON 'ECOI 'AN4 TO "EN. 'ECOI. 'ALLA=-MHN TO
GE MESON 'ISON TWN 'ESCATWN 'APECEI0; 'OU-GAR 'AN4 'ALLW$ MESON
'EIH. 'OU-GAR. KAI SCHMATO$ DH TINO$, "W$ 'EOIKE0, TOIOUTON
'ON METECOI 'AN4 TO "EN, 'HTOI 'EUQEO$ 'H= STROGGULOU 'H= TINO$
MEIKTOU 'EX 'AMFOIN. METECOI GAR 'AN4.
'A*R'-'OUN "OUTW$ 'ECON 'OUK 'AUTO TE 'EN "EAUTWI 'ESTAI KAI 'EN
'ALLWI: PW*$: TWN MERWN POU "EKASTON 'EN TW*I "OLWI 'ESTI KAI
'OUDEN 'EKTO$ TOU* "OLOU. "OUTW. PANTA DE TA MERH "UPO TOU*
<P 145C>
"OLOU PERIECETAI: NAI. KAI-MHN TA GE PANTA MERH TA
"AUTOU TO "EN 'ESTI, KAI-'OUTE TI PLEON 'OUTE 'ELATTON 'H= PANTA.
'OU-GAR. 'OUKOU*N-KAI TO "OLON TO "EN 'ESTIN: PW*$ D' 'OU=:
'EI 'A=RA PANTA TA MERH 'EN "OLWI TUGCANEI0 'ONTA, 'ESTI DE TA TE
PANTA TO "EN KAI 'AUTO TO "OLON, PERIECETAI DE "UPO TOU* "OLOU
TA PANTA, "UPO TOU* "ENO$ 'AN4 PERIECOITO TO "EN, KAI "OUTW$ 'AN4
'HDH TO "EN 'AUTO 'EN "EAUTWI 'EIH. FAINETAI. 'ALLA=-MENTOI TO
GE "OLON 'AU 'OUK 'EN TOI$ MERESIN 'ESTIN, 'OUTE 'EN PASIN 'OUTE
<P 145D>
'EN TINI. 'EI GAR 'EN PASIN, 'ANAGKH KAI 'EN "ENI; 'EN TINI GAR
"ENI MH 'ON 'OUK 'AN4 'ETI POU DUNAITO 'EN GE "APASIN 'EINAI; 'EI DE
TOUTO MEN TO "EN TWN "APANTWN 'ESTI, TO DE "OLON 'EN TOUTWI
MH 'ENI, PW*$ 'ETI 'EN GE TOI$ PASIN 'ENESTAI: 'OUDAMW$.
'OUDE-MHN 'EN TISI TWN MERWN; 'EI GAR 'EN TISI TO "OLON 'EIH,
TO PLEON 'AN4 'EN TW*I 'ELATTONI 'EIH, "O= 'ESTIN 'ADUNATON. 'ADUNATON
GAR. MH 'ON D' 'EN PLEOSIN MHD' 'EN "ENI MHD' 'EN "APASI
TOI$ MERESI TO "OLON 'OUK 'ANAGKH 'EN "ETERWI TINI 'EINAI 'H= MHDAMOU
<P 145E>
'ETI 'EINAI: 'ANAGKH. 'OUKOU*N MHDAMOU MEN 'ON 'OUDEN 'AN4 'EIH,
"OLON DE 'ON, 'EPEIDH 'OUK 'EN "AUTWI 'ESTIN, 'ANAGKH 'EN 'ALLWI
'EINAI: PANU GE. "HI MEN-'A=RA TO "EN "OLON, 'EN 'ALLWI 'ESTIN;
"HI DE TA PANTA MERH 'ONTA TUGCANEI0, 'AUTO 'EN "EAUTWI; KAI
"OUTW TO "EN 'ANAGKH 'AUTO TE 'EN "EAUTWI 'EINAI KAI 'EN "ETERWI.
'ANAGKH.
"OUTW DH PEFUKO$ TO "EN 'A*R' 'OUK 'ANAGKH KAI KINEISQAI
KAI "ESTANAI: PH*I: "ESTHKE0 MEN-POU, 'EIPER 'AUTO 'EN "EAUTWI


<P 146A>
'ESTIN; 'EN GAR "ENI 'ON KAI 'EK TOUTOU MH METABAINON 'EN TW*I
'AUTWI 'AN4 'EIH, 'EN "EAUTWI. 'ESTI GAR. TO DE-GE 'EN TW*I 'AUTWI
'AEI 'ON "ESTO$ DHPOU 'ANAGKH 'AEI 'EINAI. PANU GE. TI= DE: TO
'EN "ETERWI 'AEI 'ON 'OU TO 'ENANTION 'ANAGKH MHDEPOT' 'EN 'TAUTWI
'EINAI, MHDEPOTE DE 'ON 'EN TW*I 'AUTWI MHDE "ESTANAI, MH "ESTO$
DE KINEISQAI: "OUTW$. 'ANAGKH 'A=RA TO "EN, 'AUTO TE 'EN
"EAUTWI 'AEI 'ON KAI 'EN "ETERWI, 'AEI KINEISQAI TE-KAI "ESTANAI.
FAINETAI.
KAI-MHN 'TAUTON GE DEI 'EINAI 'AUTO "EAUTWI KAI "ETERON
<P 146B>
"EAUTOU, KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ "WSAUTW$ 'TAUTON TE-KAI "ETERON 'EINAI,
'EIPER KAI TA PROSQEN PEPONQEN0. PW*$: PAN POU PRO$
"APAN "WDE 'ECEI0, 'H= 'TAUTON 'ESTIN 'H= "ETERON; 'H= 'EA=N MH 'TAUTON
'HI MHD' "ETERON, MERO$ 'AN4 'EIH TOUTOU PRO$ "O= "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, 'H= "W$
PRO$ MERO$ "OLON 'AN4 'EIH. FAINETAI. 'A*R'-'OUN TO "EN 'AUTO
"AUTOU MERO$ 'ESTIN: 'OUDAMW$. 'OUD'-'A=RA "W$ PRO$ MERO$
'AUTO "AUTOU "OLON 'AN4 'EIH, PRO$ "EAUTO MERO$ 'ON. 'OU-GAR "OION-TE.
<P 146C>
'ALL'-'A*RA "ETERON 'ESTIN "ENO$ TO "EN: 'OU-DHTA. 'OUD'-'A=RA
"EAUTOU GE "ETERON 'AN4 'EIH. 'OU-MENTOI. 'EI 'OUN-MHTE
"ETERON MHTE "OLON MHTE MERO$ 'AUTO PRO$ "EAUTO 'ESTIN, 'OUK
'ANAGKH 'HDH 'TAUTON 'EINAI 'AUTO "EAUTWI: 'ANAGKH. TI= DE: TO
"ETERWQI 'ON 'AUTO "EAUTOU 'EN TW*I 'AUTWI 'ONTO$ "EAUTWI 'OUK 'ANAGKH
'AUTO "EAUTOU "ETERON 'EINAI, 'EIPER KAI "ETERWQI 'ESTAI: 'EMOIGE
DOKEI0. "OUTW MHN 'EFANH 'ECON TO "EN, 'AUTO TE 'EN "EAUTWI 'ON
"AMA KAI 'EN "ETERWI. 'EFANH GAR. "ETERON 'A=RA, "W$ 'EOIKEN0,
<P 146D>
'EIH TAUTHI 'AN4 "EAUTOU TO "EN. 'EOIKEN0. TI= 'OUN: 'EI TOU TI
"ETERON 'ESTIN, 'OUC "ETEROU 'ONTO$ "ETERON 'ESTAI: 'ANAGKH.
'OUKOU*N "OSA MH "EN 'ESTIN, "APANQ' "E=TERA TOU* "ENO$, KAI TO "EN
TWN MH "EN: PW*$ D' 'OU=: "ETERON 'A=RA 'AN4 'EIH TO "EN TWN
'ALLWN. "ETERON. "ORA DH; 'AUTO TE 'TAUTON KAI TO "ETERON
'A*R' 'OUK 'ENANTIA 'ALLHLOI$: PW*$ D' 'OU=: 'H*-'OUN 'EQELHSEI2
'TAUTON 'EN TW*I "ETERWI 'H= TO "ETERON 'EN 'TAUTWI POTE 'EINAI: 'OUK
'EQELHSEI2. 'EI 'A=RA TO "ETERON 'EN TW*I 'AUTWI MHDEPOTE 'ESTAI,
'OUDEN 'ESTI TWN 'ONTWN0 'EN "WI 'ESTIN TO "ETERON CRONON 'OUDENA;
<P 146E>
'EI GAR "ONTINOUN 'EIH 'EN TWI 'EKEINON 'AN4 TON CRONON 'EN 'TAUTWI
'EIH TO "ETERON. 'OUC "OUTW$: "OUTW$. 'EPEIDH D' 'OUDEPOTE
'EN TW*I 'AUTWI 'ESTIN, 'OUDEPOTE 'EN TINI TWN 'ONTWN0 'AN4 'EIH TO
"ETERON. 'ALHQH. 'OUT'-'A=RA 'EN TOI$ MH "EN 'OUTE 'EN TW*I "ENI
'ENEIH 'AN4 TO "ETERON. 'OU-GAR-'OUN. 'OUK-'A=RA TW*I "ETERWI G' 'AN4
'EIH TO "EN TWN MH "EN 'OUDE TA MH "EN TOU* "ENO$ "E=TERA. 'OU-GAR.
'OUDE-MHN "EAUTOI$ GE "E=TER' 'AN4 'EIH 'ALLHLWN, MH METECONTA


<P 147A>
TOU* "ETEROU. PW*$ GAR: 'EI DE-MHTE "AUTOI$ "E=TERA 'ESTI MHTE
TW*I "ETERWI, 'OU PANTHI 'HDH 'AN4 'EKFEUGOI TO MH "E=TERA 'EINAI
'ALLHLWN: 'EKFEUGOI. 'ALLA=-MHN-'OUDE TOU* "ENO$ GE METECEI0
TA MH "EN; 'OU-GAR 'AN4 MH "EN 'H*N, 'ALLA= PHI 'AN4 "EN 'H*N. 'ALHQH.
'OUD' 'AN4 'ARIQMO$ 'EIH 'A=RA TA MH "EN; 'OUDE-GAR 'AN4 "OUTW MH "EN
'H*N PANTAPASIN, 'ARIQMON GE 'ECONTA. 'OU-GAR-'OUN. TI= DE:
TA MH "EN TOU* "ENO$ 'A*RA MORIA 'ESTIN: 'H= 'KAN4 "OUTW METEICE TOU*
"ENO$ TA MH "EN: METEICEN. 'EI 'A=RA PANTHI TO MEN "EN 'ESTI,
<P 147B>
TA DE MH "EN, 'OUT' 'AN4 MORION TWN MH "EN TO "EN 'EIH 'OUTE "OLON
"W$ MORIWN; 'OUTE 'AU TA MH "EN TOU* "ENO$ MORIA 'OUTE "OLA "W$
MORIWI TW*I "ENI. 'OU-GAR. 'ALLA=-MHN 'EFAMEN TA MHTE MORIA
MHTE "OLA MHTE "E=TERA 'ALLHLWN 'TAUTA 'ESESQAI 'ALLHLOI$.
'EFAMEN GAR. FWMEN 'A=RA-KAI TO "EN PRO$ TA MH "EN "OUTW$
'ECON TO 'AUTO 'EINAI 'AUTOI$: FWMEN. TO "EN 'A=RA, "W$ 'EOIKEN0,
"ETERON TE TWN 'ALLWN 'ESTIN KAI "EAUTOU KAI 'TAUTON 'EKEINOI$ TE-KAI
"EAUTWI. KINDUNEUEI0 FAINESQAI 'EK GE TOU* LOGOU.
<P 147C>
'A*R'-'OUN-KAI "OMOION TE-KAI 'ANOMOION "EAUTWI TE-KAI TOI$
'ALLOI$: 'ISW$. 'EPEIDH GOUN "ETERON TWN 'ALLWN 'EFANH,
KAI 'TALLA POU "E=TERA 'AN4 'EKEINOU 'EIH. TI= MHN: 'OUKOU*N
"OUTW$ "ETERON TWN 'ALLWN, "WSPER KAI 'TALLA 'EKEINOU, KAI-'OUTE
MALLON 'OUTE "HTTON: TI= GAR 'AN4: 'EI 'A=RA-MHTE MALLON
MHTE "HTTON, "OMOIW$. NAI. 'OUKOU*N "HI "ETERON 'EINAI PEPONQEN0
TWN 'ALLWN KAI 'TALLA 'EKEINOU "WSAUTW$, TAUTHI 'TAUTON 'AN4
PEPONQOTA 'EIEN TO TE "EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$ KAI 'TALLA TW*I "ENI.
<P 147D>
PW*$ LEGEI$: "WDE; "EKASTON TWN 'ONOMATWN 'OUK 'EPI TINI
KALEI$0: 'EGWGE. TI= 'OUN: TO 'AUTO 'ONOMA 'EIPOI$ 'AN4 PLEONAKI$
'H= "APAX: 'EGWGE. POTERON 'OUN 'EA=N MEN "APAX 'EIPHI$,
'EKEINO PROSAGOREUEI$ "OUPER 'ESTI 'TOUNOMA, 'EA=N DE POLLAKI$,
'OUK 'EKEINO: 'H= 'EANTE "APAX 'EANTE POLLAKI$ 'TAUTON 'ONOMA
FQEGXHI4, POLLH 'ANAGKH SE 'TAUTON KAI LEGEIN 'AEI: TI= MHN:
'OUKOU*N-KAI TO "ETERON 'ONOMA 'ESTIN 'EPI TINI: PANU GE.
<P 147E>
"OTAN 'A=RA 'AUTO FQEGGHI3, 'EANTE "APAX 'EANTE POLLAKI$, 'OUK
'EP' 'ALLWI 'OUDE 'ALLO TI 'ONOMAZEI$ 'H= 'EKEINO "OUPER 'H*N 'ONOMA.
'ANAGKH. "OTAN DH LEGWMEN "OTI4 "ETERON MEN 'TALLA TOU* "ENO$,
"ETERON DE TO "EN TWN 'ALLWN, DI$ TO "ETERON 'EIPONTE$ 'OUDEN TI
MALLON 'EP' 'ALLHI, 'ALL' 'EP' 'EKEINHI THI FUSEI 'AUTO 'AEI LEGOMEN
"HSPER 'H*N 'TOUNOMA. PANU MEN-'OUN. "HI 'A=RA "ETERON TWN


<P 148A>
'ALLWN TO "EN KAI 'TALLA TOU* "ENO$, KAT' 'AUTO TO "ETERON PEPONQENAI
'OUK 'ALLO 'ALLA= TO 'AUTO 'AN4 PEPONQO$ 'EIH TO "EN TOI$
'ALLOI$; TO DE-POU 'TAUTON PEPONQO$ "OMOION; 'OUCI: NAI.
"HI DH TO "EN "ETERON TWN 'ALLWN PEPONQEN0 'EINAI, KAT' 'AUTO
TOUTO "APAN "APASIN "OMOION 'AN4 'EIH; "APAN GAR "APANTWN "ETERON
'ESTIN. 'EOIKEN0. 'ALLA=-MHN TO GE "OMOION TW*I 'ANOMOIWI
'ENANTION. NAI. 'OUKOU*N-KAI TO "ETERON TW*I 'TAUTWI. KAI
TOUTO. 'ALLA=-MHN-KAI TOUTO G' 'EFANH, "W$ 'A=RA TO "EN TOI$
<P 148B>
'ALLOI$ 'TAUTON. 'EFANH GAR. 'TOUNANTION DE-GE PAQO$ 'ESTI
TO 'EINAI 'TAUTON TOI$ 'ALLOI$ TW*I "ETERON 'EINAI TWN 'ALLWN.
PANU GE. "HI GE-MHN "ETERON, "OMOION 'EFANH. NAI. "HI
'A=RA 'TAUTON, 'ANOMOION 'ESTAI KATA 'TOUNANTION PAQO$ TW*I
"OMOIOUNTI PAQEI. "WMOIOU DE-POU TO "ETERON: NAI. 'ANOMOIWSEI2
'A=RA TO 'TAUTON, 'H= 'OUK 'ENANTION 'ESTAI TW*I "ETERWI.
<P 148C>
'EOIKEN0. "OMOION 'A=RA-KAI 'ANOMOION 'ESTAI TO "EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$
"HI MEN "ETERON, "OMOION, "HI DE 'TAUTON, 'ANOMOION. 'ECEI0 GAR-'OUN-DH,
"W$ 'EOIKEN0, KAI TOIOUTON LOGON. KAI-GAR TONDE 'ECEI0.
TI=NA: "HI 'TAUTON PEPONQE0, MH 'ALLOION PEPONQENAI, MH
'ALLOION DE PEPONQO$ MH 'ANOMOION, MH 'ANOMOION DE "OMOION
'EINAI; "HI D' 'ALLO PEPONQEN0, 'ALLOION, 'ALLOION DE 'ON 'ANOMOION
'EINAI. 'ALHQH LEGEI$. 'TAUTON TE-'A=RA 'ON TO "EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$
KAI "OTI4 "ETERON 'ESTI, KAT' 'AMFO=TERA KAI KATA "EKATERON, "OMOION
<P 148D>
TE 'AN4 'EIH KAI 'ANOMOION TOI$ 'ALLOI$. PANU GE. 'OUKOU*N-KAI
"EAUTWI "WSAUTW$, 'EPEIPER "ETERON TE "EAUTOU KAI 'TAUTON
"EAUTWI 'EFANH, KAT' 'AMFO=TERA KAI KATA "EKATERON "OMOION TE-KAI
'ANOMOION FANHSETAI: 'ANAGKH.
TI= DE-DH: PERI= TOU* "APTESQAI TO "EN "AUTOU KAI TWN 'ALLWN
KAI TOU* MH "APTESQAI PE=RI PW*$ 'ECEI0, SKOPEI5. SKOPW0. 'AUTO
GAR-POU 'EN "EAUTWI "OLWI TO "EN 'EFANH 'ON. 'ORQW$. 'OUKOU*N-KAI
'EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$ TO "EN: NAI. "HI MEN-'A=RA 'EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$,
<P 148E>
TWN 'ALLWN "APTOITO 'AN4; "HI DE 'AUTO 'EN "EAUTWI, TWN MEN 'ALLWN
'APEIRGOITO "APTESQAI, 'AUTO DE "AUTOU "APTOITO 'AN4 'EN "EAUTWI
'ON. FAINETAI. "OUTW MEN-DH "APTOITO 'AN4 TO "EN "AUTOU TE-KAI
TWN 'ALLWN. "APTOITO. TI= DE THIDE: 'A*R' 'OU PAN TO
MELLON "AYESQAI TINO$ 'EFEXH$ DEI KEISQAI 'EKEINWI "OU MELLEI0
"APTESQAI, TAUTHN THN "EDRAN KATECON "H= 'AN42 MET' 'EKEINHN 'HI
"EDRA8 "HI 'AN42 KEHTAI, "APTETAI: 'ANAGKH. KAI TO "EN 'A=RA
'EI MELLEI0 'AUTO "AUTOU "AYESQAI, 'EFEXH$ DEI 'EUQU$ META "EAUTO
KEISQAI, THN 'ECOMENHN CWRAN KATECON 'EKEINH$ 'EN "HI 'AUTO
'ESTIN. DEI GAR-'OUN. 'OUKOU*N DUO MEN 'ON TO "EN POIHSEIEN


<P 149A>
'AN4 TAUTA KAI 'EN DUOIN CWRAIN "AMA GENOITO; "EW$ D' 'AN4 'HI "EN,
'OUK 'EQELHSEI2: 'OU-GAR-'OUN. "H 'AUTH 'A=RA 'ANAGKH TW*I "ENI
MHTE DUO 'EINAI MHTE "APTESQAI 'AUTWI "AUTOU. "H 'AUTH. 'ALL'-'OUDE-MHN
TWN 'ALLWN "AYETAI. TI= DH: "OTI4, FAMEN, TO
MELLON "AYESQAI CWRI$ 'ON 'EFEXH$ DEI 'EKEINWI 'EINAI "OU MELLEI0
"AYESQAI, TRITON DE 'AUTWN 'EN MESWI MHDEN 'EINAI. 'ALHQH.
DUO 'A=RA DEI TO 'OLIGISTON 'EINAI, 'EI MELLEI0 "AYI$ 'EINAI. DEI.
'EA=N DE TOIN DUOIN "OROIN TRITON PROSGENHTAI "EXH$, 'AUTA
<P 149B>
MEN TRIA 'ESTAI, "AI DE "AYEI$ DUO. NAI. KAI "OUTW DH
'AEI "ENO$ PROSGIGNOMENOU MIA KAI "AYI$ PROSGIGNETAI, KAI
SUMBAINEI0 TA$ "AYEI$ TOU* PLHQOU$ TWN 'ARIQMWN MIA*I 'ELATTOU$
'EINAI. "WI GAR TA PRWTA DUO 'EPLEONEKTHSEN TWN "AYEWN 'EI$
TO PLEIW 'EINAI TON 'ARIQMON 'H= TA$ "AYEI$, TW*I 'ISWI TOUTWI KAI
"O 'EPEITA 'ARIQMO$ PA$ PASWN TWN "AYEWN PLEONEKTEI0; 'HDH
<P 149C>
GAR TO LOIPON "AMA "EN TE TW*I 'ARIQMWI PROSGIGNETAI KAI MIA
"AYI$ TAI$ "AYESIN. 'ORQW$. "OSA 'A=RA 'ESTIN TA 'ONTA TON
'ARIQMON, 'AEI MIA*I "AI "AYEI$ 'ELATTOU$ 'EISIN 'AUTWN. 'ALHQH.
'EI DE-GE "EN MONON 'ESTIN, DUA$ DE MH 'ESTIN, "AYI$ 'OUK 'AN4
'EIH. PW*$ GAR: 'OU=KOUN, FAMEN, TA 'A=LLA TOU* "ENO$ 'OUTE
"EN 'ESTIN 'OUTE METECEI0 'AUTOU4, 'EIPER 'A=LLA 'ESTIN. 'OU-GAR.
'OUK-'A=RA 'ENESTIN 'ARIQMO$ 'EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$, "ENO$ MH 'ENONTO$ 'EN
'AUTOI$. PW*$ GAR: 'OUT'-'A=RA "EN 'ESTI TA 'A=LLA 'OUTE DUO 'OUTE
<P 149D>
'ALLOU 'ARIQMOU 'ECONTA 'ONOMA 'OUDEN. 'OU=. TO "EN 'A=RA MONON
'ESTIN "EN, KAI DUA$ 'OUK 'AN4 'EIH. 'OU FAINETAI. "AYI$ 'A=RA
'OUK 'ESTIN DUOIN MH 'ONTOIN. 'OUK 'ESTIN. 'OUT'-'A=RA TO "EN TWN
'ALLWN "APTETAI 'OUTE TA 'A=LLA TOU* "ENO$, 'EPEIPER "AYI$ 'OUK
'ESTIN. 'OU-GAR-'OUN. "OUTW DH KATA PANTA TAUTA TO "EN
TWN TE 'ALLWN KAI "EAUTOU "APTETAI TE-KAI 'OUC "APTETAI.
'EOIKEN0.
'A*R'-'OUN-KAI 'ISON 'ESTI KAI 'ANISON "AUTWI TE-KAI TOI$
'ALLOI$: PW*$: 'EI MEIZON 'EIH TO "EN 'H= 'TALLA 'H= 'ELATTON,
<P 149E>
'H= 'AU TA 'A=LLA TOU* "ENO$ MEIZW 'H= 'ELATTW, 'A*RA 'OUK 'AN4 TW*I MEN
"EN 'EINAI TO "EN KAI 'TALLA 'A=LLA TOU* "ENO$ 'OUTE TI MEIZW
'OUTE TI 'ELATTW 'AN4 'EIH 'ALLHLWN 'AUTAI$ GE TAUTAI$ TAI$
'OUSIAI$: 'ALL' 'EI MEN PRO$ TW*I TOIAUTA 'EINAI "EKA=TERA 'ISOTHTA
'ECOIEN, 'ISA 'AN4 'EIH PRO$ 'ALLHLA; 'EI DE TA MEN MEGEQO$, TO
DE SMIKROTHTA, 'H=-KAI MEGEQO$ MEN TO "EN, SMIKROTHTA DE
'TALLA, "OPOTERWI MEN TW*I 'EIDEI MEGEQO$ PROSEIH, MEIZON 'AN4
'EIH, "WI DE SMIKROTH$, 'ELATTON: 'ANAGKH. 'OUKOU*N 'ESTON0
GE TINE TOUTW 'EIDH, TO TE MEGEQO$ KAI "H SMIKROTH$: 'OU-GAR
'AN4 POU MH 'ONTE GE 'ENANTIW TE 'ALLHLOIN 'EITHN KAI 'EN TOI$


<P 150A>
'OUSIN 'EGGIGNOISQHN. PW*$ GAR 'AN4: 'EI 'A=RA 'EN TW*I "ENI
SMIKROTH$ 'EGGIGNETAI, 'HTOI 'EN "OLWI 'AN4 'H= 'EN MEREI 'AUTOU4
'ENEIH. 'ANAGKH. TI= D' 'EI 'EN "OLWI 'EGGIGNOITO: 'OUCI 'H= 'EX
'ISOU 'AN4 TW*I "ENI DI' "OLOU 'AUTOU4 TETAMENH 'EIH 'H= PERIECOUSA
'AUTO: DHLON DH. 'A*R'-'OUN 'OUK 'EX 'ISOU MEN 'OUSA "H SMIKROTH$
TW*I "ENI 'ISH 'AN4 'AUTWI 'EIH, PERIECOUSA DE MEIZWN:
PW*$ D' 'OU=: DUNATON 'OUN SMIKROTHTA 'ISHN TWI 'EINAI 'H= MEIZW
TINO$, KAI PRATTEIN TA MEGEQOU$ TE-KAI 'ISOTHTO$, 'ALLA=
<P 150B>
MH TA "EAUTH$: 'ADUNATON. 'EN MEN "OLWI 'A=RA TW*I "ENI 'OUK
'AN4 'EIH SMIKROTH$, 'ALL' 'EIPER, 'EN MEREI. NAI. 'OUDE-GE 'EN
PANTI 'AU TW*I MEREI; 'EI DE MH, 'TAUTA POIHSEI2 "APER PRO$ TO
"OLON; 'ISH 'ESTAI 'H= MEIZWN TOU* MEROU$ 'EN "WI 'AN4 'AEI 'ENHI.
'ANAGKH. 'OUDENI POTE 'A=RA 'ENESTAI TWN 'ONTWN0 SMIKROTH$,
MHT' 'EN MEREI MHT' 'EN "OLWI 'EGGIGNOMENH; 'OUDE TI 'ESTAI
SMIKRON PLHN 'AUTH$ SMIKROTHTO$. 'OUK 'EOIKEN0. 'OUD'-'A=RA
MEGEQO$ 'ENESTAI 'EN 'AUTWI; MEIZON GAR 'AN4 TI 'EIH 'ALLO KAI
<P 150C>
PLHN 'AUTOU4 MEGEQOU$, 'EKEINO 'EN "WI TO MEGEQO$ 'ENEIH, KAI
TAUTA SMIKROU 'AUTWI 'OUK 'ONTO$, "OU 'ANAGKH "UPERECEIN, 'EANPER
'HI MEGA; TOUTO DE 'ADUNATON, 'EPEIDH SMIKROTH$ 'OUDAMOU 'ENI.
'ALHQH. 'ALLA=-MHN 'AUTO MEGEQO$ 'OUK 'ALLOU MEIZON 'H=
'AUTH$ SMIKROTHTO$, 'OUDE SMIKROTH$ 'ALLOU 'ELATTON 'H= 'AUTOU4
MEGEQOU$. 'OU-GAR. 'OUTE-'A=RA TA 'A=LLA MEIZW TOU* "ENO$
'OUDE 'ELATTW, MHTE MEGEQO$ MHTE SMIKROTHTA 'ECONTA, 'OUTE
<P 150D>
'AUTW TOUTW PRO$ TO "EN 'ECETON0 THN DUNAMIN THN TOU* "UPERECEIN
KAI "UPERECESQAI, 'ALLA= PRO$ 'ALLHLW, 'OUTE 'AU TO "EN
TOUTOIN 'OUDE TWN 'ALLWN MEIZON 'AN4 'OUD' 'ELATTON 'EIH, MHTE
MEGEQO$ MHTE SMIKROTHTA 'ECON. 'OU=KOUN FAINETAI GE. 'A*R'-'OUN,
'EI MHTE MEIZON MHTE 'ELATTON TO "EN TWN 'ALLWN, 'ANAGKH
'AUTO 'EKEINWN MHTE "UPERECEIN MHTE "UPERECESQAI: 'ANAGKH.
'OUKOU*N TO GE-MHTE "UPERECON MHTE "UPERECOMENON POLLH
'ANAGKH 'EX 'ISOU 'EINAI, 'EX 'ISOU DE 'ON 'ISON 'EINAI. PW*$ GAR
<P 150E>
'OU=: KAI-MHN-KAI 'AUTO GE TO "EN PRO$ "EAUTO "OUTW$ 'AN4 'ECOI;
MHTE MEGEQO$ 'EN "EAUTWI MHTE SMIKROTHTA 'ECON 'OUT' 'AN4 "UPERECOITO
'OUT' 'AN4 "UPERECOI "EAUTOU, 'ALL' 'EX 'ISOU 'ON 'ISON 'AN4 'EIH
"EAUTWI. PANU MEN-'OUN. TO "EN 'A=RA "EAUTWI TE-KAI TOI$
'ALLOI$ 'ISON 'AN4 'EIH. FAINETAI. KAI-MHN 'AUTO GE 'EN "EAUTWI
'ON KAI PERI= "EAUTO 'AN4 'EIH 'EXWQEN, KAI PERIECON MEN MEIZON


<P 151A>
'AN4 "EAUTOU 'EIH, PERIECOMENON DE 'ELATTON, KAI "OUTW MEIZON 'AN4
KAI 'ELATTON 'EIH 'AUTO "EAUTOU TO "EN. 'EIH GAR 'AN4. 'OUKOU*N-KAI
TODE 'ANAGKH, MHDEN 'EINAI 'EKTO$ TOU* "ENO$ TE-KAI TWN
'ALLWN: PW*$ GAR 'OU=: 'ALLA=-MHN-KAI 'EINAI POU DEI TO GE
'ON 'AEI. NAI. 'OUKOU*N TO GE 'EN TWI 'ON 'EN MEIZONI 'ESTAI
'ELATTON 'ON: 'OU-GAR 'AN4 'ALLW$ "ETERON 'EN "ETERWI 'EIH. 'OU-GAR.
'EPEIDH DE 'OUDEN "ETERON 'ESTI CWRI$ TWN 'ALLWN KAI
TOU* "ENO$, DEI DE 'AUTA 'EN TWI 'EINAI, 'OUK 'ANAGKH 'HDH 'EN 'ALLHLOI$
'EINAI, TA TE 'A=LLA 'EN TW*I "ENI KAI TO "EN 'EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$,
<P 151B>
'H= MHDAMOU 'EINAI: FAINETAI. "OTI4 MEN-'A=RA TO "EN 'EN TOI$
'ALLOI$ 'ENESTI, MEIZW 'AN4 'EIH TA 'A=LLA TOU* "ENO$, PERIECONTA
'AUTO, TO DE "EN 'ELATTON TWN 'ALLWN, PERIECOMENON; "OTI4 DE TA
'A=LLA 'EN TW*I "ENI, TO "EN TWN 'ALLWN KATA TON 'AUTON LOGON
MEIZON 'AN4 'EIH, TA DE 'A=LLA TOU* "ENO$ 'ELATTW. 'EOIKEN0. TO
"EN 'A=RA 'ISON TE-KAI MEIZON KAI 'ELATTON 'ESTIN 'AUTO TE "AUTOU
KAI TWN 'ALLWN. FAINETAI. KAI-MHN 'EIPER MEIZON KAI 'ELATTON
KAI 'ISON, 'ISWN 'AN4 'EIH METRWN KAI PLEIONWN KAI 'ELATTONWN
<P 151C>
"AUTWI KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$, 'EPEIDH DE METRWN, KAI MERWN. PW*$
D' 'OU=: 'ISWN MEN-'A=RA METRWN 'ON KAI PLEIONWN KAI 'ELATTONWN,
KAI 'ARIQMWI 'ELATTON 'AN4 KAI PLEON 'EIH 'AUTO TE "AUTOU
KAI TWN 'ALLWN KAI 'ISON "AUTWI TE-KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ KATA
'TAUTA. PW*$: "WNPER MEIZON 'ESTI, PLEIONWN POU-KAI
METRWN 'AN4 'EIH 'AUTWN, "OSWN DE METRWN, KAI MERWN; KAI "WN
'ELATTON, "WSAUTW$; KAI "OI$ 'ISON, KATA 'TAUTA. "OUTW$.
'OUKOU*N "EAUTOU MEIZON KAI 'ELATTON 'ON KAI 'ISON 'ISWN 'AN4 'EIH
<P 151D>
METRWN KAI PLEIONWN KAI 'ELATTONWN "AUTWI, 'EPEIDH DE METRWN,
KAI MERWN: PW*$ D' 'OU=: 'ISWN MEN-'A=RA MERWN 'ON "AUTWI
'ISON 'AN4 TO PLHQO$ "AUTWI 'EIH, PLEIONWN DE PLEON, 'ELATTONWN
DE 'ELATTON TON 'ARIQMON "AUTOU. FAINETAI. 'OUKOU*N-KAI
PRO$ 'TALLA "WSAUTW$ "EXEI2 TO "EN: "OTI4 MEN MEIZON 'AUTWN
FAINETAI, 'ANAGKH PLEON 'EINAI KAI TON 'ARIQMON 'AUTWN; "OTI4
DE SMIKROTERON, 'ELATTON; "OTI4 DE 'ISON MEGEQEI, 'ISON KAI TO
PLHQO$ 'EINAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$: 'ANAGKH. "OUTW DH 'AU, "W$
<P 151E>
'EOIKE0, TO "EN KAI 'ISON KAI PLEON KAI 'ELATTON TON 'ARIQMON
'AUTO TE "AUTOU 'ESTAI KAI TWN 'ALLWN. 'ESTAI.
'A*R'-'OUN-KAI CRONOU METECEI0 TO "EN, KAI 'ESTI TE-KAI GIGNETAI
NEWTERON TE-KAI PRESBUTERON 'AUTO TE "EAUTOU KAI TWN
'ALLWN, KAI-'OUTE NEWTERON 'OUTE PRESBUTERON 'OUTE "EAUTOU
'OUTE TWN 'ALLWN, CRONOU METECON: PW*$: 'EINAI MEN-POU
'AUTWI "UPARCEI0, 'EIPER "EN 'ESTIN. NAI. TO DE 'EINAI 'ALLO TI
'ESTIN 'H= MEQEXI$ 'OUSIA$ META CRONOU TOU* PARONTO$, "WSPER


<P 152A>
TO 'H*N META TOU* PARELHLUQOTO$ KAI 'AU TO 'ESTAI META TOU*
MELLONTO$ 'OUSIA$ 'ESTI KOINWNIA: 'ESTI GAR. METECEI0 MEN-'A=RA
CRONOU, 'EIPER KAI TOU* 'EINAI. PANU GE. 'OUKOU*N POREUOMENOU
TOU* CRONOU: NAI. 'AEI 'A=RA PRESBUTERON GIGNETAI
"EAUTOU, 'EIPER PROERCETAI KATA CRONON. 'ANAGKH. 'A*R'-'OUN
MEMNHMEQA "OTI4 NEWTEROU GIGNOMENOU TO PRESBUTERON PRESBUTERON
GIGNETAI: MEMNHMEQA. 'OUKOU*N 'EPEIDH PRESBUTERON
"EAUTOU GIGNETAI TO "EN, NEWTEROU 'AN4 GIGNOMENOU "EAUTOU PRESBUTERON
<P 152B>
GIGNOITO: 'ANAGKH. GIGNETAI MEN-DH NEWTERON
TE-KAI PRESBUTERON "AUTOU "OUTW. NAI. 'ESTI DE PRESBUTERON
'A*R' 'OUC "OTAN KATA TON NU*N CRONON 'HI GIGNOMENON TON
METAXU TOU* 'H*N TE-KAI 'ESTAI: 'OU-GAR-POU POREUOMENON GE
'EK TOU* POTE 'EI$ TO 'EPEITA "UPERBHSETAI TO NU*N. 'OU-GAR.
'A*R'-'OUN 'OUK 'EPISCEI0 TO=TE TOU* GIGNESQAI PRESBUTERON, 'EPEIDAN
<P 152C>
TW*I NU*N 'ENTUCHI6, KAI 'OU GIGNETAI, 'ALL' 'ESTI TO=T' 'HDH
PRESBUTERON: PROION GAR 'OUK 'AN4 POTE LHFQEIH "UPO TOU*
NU*N. TO GAR PROION "OUTW$ 'ECEI0 "W$ 'AMFOTERWN 'EFAPTESQAI,
TOU* TE NU*N KAI TOU* 'EPEITA, TOU* MEN NU*N 'AFIEMENON, TOU* D'
'EPEITA 'EPILAMBANOMENON, METAXU 'AMFOTERWN GIGNOMENON,
TOU* TE 'EPEITA KAI TOU* NU*N. 'ALHQH. 'EI DE-GE 'ANAGKH MH
PARELQEIN TO NU*N PAN TO GIGNOMENON, 'EPEIDAN KATA TOUTO 'HI,
<P 152D>
'EPISCEI0 'AEI TOU* GIGNESQAI KAI 'ESTI TO=TE TOUTO "OTI2 'AN4 TUCHI6
GIGNOMENON. FAINETAI. KAI TO "EN 'A=RA, "OTAN PRESBUTERON
GIGNOMENON 'ENTUCHI6 TW*I NU*N, 'EPESCEN TOU* GIGNESQAI KAI 'ESTI
TO=TE PRESBUTERON. PANU MEN-'OUN. 'OUKOU*N "OUPER 'EGIGNETO
PRESBUTERON, TOUTOU KAI 'ESTIN; 'EGIGNETO DE "AUTOU: NAI.
'ESTI DE TO PRESBUTERON NEWTEROU PRESBUTERON: 'ESTIN.
KAI NEWTERON 'A=RA TO=TE "AUTOU 'ESTI TO "EN, "OTAN PRESBUTERON
GIGNOMENON 'ENTUCHI6 TW*I NU*N. 'ANAGKH. TO GE-MHN
<P 152E>
NU*N 'AEI PARESTI TW*I "ENI DIA= PANTO$ TOU* 'EINAI; 'ESTI GAR 'AEI
NU*N "OTANPER 'HI. PW*$ GAR 'OU=: 'AEI 'A=RA 'ESTI TE-KAI GIGNETAI
PRESBUTERON "EAUTOU KAI NEWTERON TO "EN. 'EOIKEN0. PLEIW DE
CRONON 'AUTO "EAUTOU 'ESTIN 'H= GIGNETAI, 'H= TON 'ISON: TON 'ISON.
'ALLA=-MHN TON GE 'ISON CRONON 'H= GIGNOMENON 'H= 'ON THN
'AUTHN "HLIKIAN 'ECEI0. PW*$ D' 'OU=: TO DE THN 'AUTHN "HLIKIAN
'ECON 'OUTE PRESBUTERON 'OUTE NEWTERON 'ESTIN. 'OU-GAR.
TO "EN 'A=RA TON 'ISON CRONON 'AUTO "EAUTWI KAI GIGNOMENON KAI
'ON 'OUTE NEWTERON 'OUTE PRESBUTERON "EAUTOU 'ESTIN 'OUDE GIGNETAI.
'OU MOI DOKEI0. TI= DE: TWN 'ALLWN: 'OUK 'ECW0 LEGEIN.


<P 153A>
TODE GE-MHN 'ECEI$ LEGEIN, "OTI4 TA 'A=LLA TOU* "ENO$, 'EIPER
"E=TERA 'ESTIN, 'ALLA= MH "ETERON, PLEIW 'ESTIN "ENO$; "ETERON MEN-GAR
'ON "EN 'AN4 'H*N, "E=TERA DE 'ONTA PLEIW "ENO$ 'ESTI KAI PLHQO$
'AN4 'ECOI. 'ECOI GAR 'AN4. PLHQO$ DE 'ON 'ARIQMOU PLEIONO$
'AN4 METECOI 'H= TOU* "ENO$. PW*$ D' 'OU=: TI= 'OUN: 'ARIQMOU
FHSOMEN TA PLEIW GIGNESQAI TE-KAI GEGONENAI PROTERON, 'H=
TA 'ELATTW: TA 'ELATTW. TO 'OLIGISTON 'A=RA PRWTON; TOUTO
<P 153B>
D' 'ESTI TO "EN. 'H*-GAR: NAI. PANTWN 'A=RA TO "EN PRWTON
GEGONE0 TWN 'ARIQMON 'ECONTWN0; 'ECEI0 DE-KAI 'TALLA PANTA
'ARIQMON, 'EIPER 'A=LLA KAI MH 'ALLO 'ESTIN. 'ECEI0 GAR.
PRWTON DE-GE 'OIMAI GEGONO$ PROTERON GEGONE0, TA DE 'A=LLA
"USTERON, TA D' "USTERON GEGONOTA NEW=TERA TOU* PROTERON
GEGONOTO$; KAI "OUTW$ 'AN4 'EIH 'TALLA NEW=TERA TOU* "ENO$, TO DE
"EN PRESBUTERON TWN 'ALLWN. 'EIH GAR 'AN4.
TI= DE TODE: 'A*R' 'AN4 'EIH TO "EN PARA FUSIN THN "AUTOU
<P 153C>
GEGONO$, 'H= 'ADUNATON: 'ADUNATON. 'ALLA=-MHN MERH GE 'ECON
'EFANH TO "EN, 'EI DE MERH, KAI 'ARCHN KAI TELEUTHN KAI MESON.
NAI. 'OUKOU*N PANTWN PRWTON 'ARCH GIGNETAI, KAI 'AUTOU4
TOU* "ENO$ KAI "EKASTOU TWN 'ALLWN, KAI META THN 'ARCHN KAI
'TALLA PANTA MECRI TOU* TELOU$: TI= MHN: KAI-MHN MORIA
GE FHSOMEN TAUT' 'EINAI PANTA 'TALLA TOU* "OLOU TE-KAI "ENO$,
'AUTO DE 'EKEINO "AMA THI TELEUTHI GEGONENAI "EN TE-KAI "OLON.
FHSOMEN GAR. TELEUTH DE-GE 'OIMAI "USTATON GIGNETAI, TOUTWI
<P 153D>
D' "AMA TO "EN PEFUKE0 GIGNESQAI; "WST' 'EIPER 'ANAGKH 'AUTO TO
"EN MH PARA FUSIN GIGNESQAI, "AMA TELEUTHI 'AN4 GEGONO$ "USTATON
'AN4 TWN 'ALLWN PEFUKO$ 'EIH GIGNESQAI. FAINETAI. NEWTERON
'A=RA TWN 'ALLWN TO "EN 'ESTI, TA D' 'A=LLA TOU* "ENO$ PRESBU=TERA.
"OUTW$ 'AU MOI FAINETAI. TI= DE-DH: 'ARCHN 'H= 'ALLO MERO$
"OTIOUN TOU* "ENO$ 'H= 'ALLOU "OTOUOUN, 'EANPER MERO$ 'HI 'ALLA= MH
MERH, 'OUK 'ANAGKAION "EN 'EINAI, MERO$ GE 'ON: 'ANAGKH.
'OUKOU*N TO "EN "AMA TE TW*I PRWTWI GIGNOMENWI GIGNOIT' 'AN4 KAI
<P 153E>
"AMA TW*I DEUTERWI, KAI 'OUDENO$ 'APOLEIPETAI TWN 'ALLWN GIGNOMENWN,
"OTIPER2 'AN4 PROSGIGNHTAI "OTWIOUN, "EW$ 'AN4 PRO$ TO
'ESCATON DIELQON "OLON "EN GENHTAI, 'OUTE MESOU 'OUTE PRWTOU
'OUTE 'ESCATOU 'OUTE 'ALLOU 'OUDENO$ 'APOLEIFQEN 'EN THI GENESEI.
'ALHQH. PASIN 'A=RA TOI$ 'ALLOI$ THN 'AUTHN "HLIKIAN 'ISCEI0 TO
"EN; "WST' 'EI MH PARA FUSIN PEFUKEN0 'AUTO TO "EN, 'OUTE
PROTERON 'OUTE "USTERON TWN 'ALLWN GEGONO$ 'AN4 'EIH, 'ALL' "AMA.


<P 154A>
KAI KATA TOUTON TON LOGON TO "EN TWN 'ALLWN 'OUTE PRESBUTERON
'OUTE NEWTERON 'AN4 'EIH, 'OUDE 'TALLA TOU* "ENO$; KATA DE TON
PROSQEN PRESBUTERON TE-KAI NEWTERON, KAI 'TALLA 'EKEINOU
"WSAUTW$. PANU MEN-'OUN. 'ESTI MEN-DH "OUTW$ 'ECON TE-KAI
GEGONO$. 'ALLA= TI= 'AU PERI= TOU* GIGNESQAI 'AUTO PRESBUTERON
TE-KAI NEWTERON TWN 'ALLWN KAI 'TALLA TOU* "ENO$, KAI-MHTE
NEWTERON MHTE PRESBUTERON GIGNESQAI: 'A*RA "WSPER PERI= TOU*
'EINAI, "OUTW KAI PERI= TOU* GIGNESQAI 'ECEI0, 'H= "ETERW$: 'OUK
<P 154B>
'ECW0 LEGEIN. 'ALL' 'EGW TOSONDE GE; 'EI KAI 'ESTIN PRESBUTERON
"ETERON "ETEROU, GIGNESQAI GE 'AUTO PRESBUTERON 'ETI 'H= "W$ TO
PRWTON 'EUQU$ GENOMENON DIHNEGKE THI "HLIKIA\ 'OUK 'AN4 'ETI
DUNAITO, 'OUD' 'AU TO NEWTERON 'ON 'ETI NEWTERON GIGNESQAI;
'ANISOI$ GAR 'ISA PROSTIQEMENA, CRONWI TE-KAI 'ALLWI "OTWIOUN,
'ISWI POIEI0 DIAFEREIN 'AEI "OSWIPER 'AN4 TO PRWTON DIENEGKHI.
PW*$ GAR 'OU=: 'OUK-'A=RA TO GE 'ON TOU* "ENO$8 'ONTO$ GIGNOIT'
<P 154C>
'AN4 POTE PRESBUTERON 'OUDE NEWTERON, 'EIPER 'ISWI DIAFEREI0 'AEI
THN "HLIKIAN; 'ALL' 'ESTI KAI GEGONE0 PRESBUTERON, TO DE
NEWTERON, GIGNETAI D' 'OU=. 'ALHQH. KAI TO "EN 'A=RA 'ON TWN
'ALLWN 'ONTWN0 'OUTE PRESBUTERON POTE 'OUTE NEWTERON GIGNETAI.
'OU-GAR-'OUN. "ORA DE 'EI THIDE PRESBU=TERA KAI NEW=TERA
GIGNETAI. PH*I DH: "HI TO TE "EN TWN 'ALLWN 'EFANH PRESBUTERON
KAI 'TALLA TOU* "ENO$. TI= 'OUN: "OTAN TO "EN TWN
'ALLWN PRESBUTERON 'HI, PLEIW POU CRONON GEGONEN0 'H= TA
<P 154D>
'A=LLA. NAI. PALIN DH SKOPEI5; 'EA=N PLEONI KAI 'ELATTONI
CRONWI PROSTIQWMEN TON 'ISON CRONON, 'A*RA TW*I 'ISWI MORIWI
DIOISEI2 TO PLEON TOU* 'ELATTONO$ 'H= SMIKROTERWI: SMIKROTERWI.
'OUK-'A=RA 'ESTAI, "OTIPER2 TO PRWTON 'H*N PRO$ 'TALLA "HLIKIA\
DIAFERON TO "EN, TOUTO KAI 'EI$ TO 'EPEITA, 'ALLA= 'ISON LAMBANON
CRONON TOI$ 'ALLOI$ 'ELATTON 'AEI THI "HLIKIA\ DIOISEI2 'AUTWN 'H=
PROTERON; 'H= 'OU=: NAI. 'OUKOU*N TO GE 'ELATTON DIAFERON
<P 154E>
"HLIKIA\ PRO$ TI 'H= PROTERON NEWTERON GIGNOIT' 'AN4 'H= 'EN TW*I
PROSQEN PRO$ 'EKEINA PRO$ "A 'H*N PRESBUTERON PROTERON:
NEWTERON. 'EI DE 'EKEINO NEWTERON, 'OUK 'EKEINA 'AU TA 'A=LLA
PRO$ TO "EN PRESBU=TERA 'H= PROTERON: PANU GE. TO MEN
NEWTERON 'A=RA GEGONO$ PRESBUTERON GIGNETAI PRO$ TO PROTERON
GEGONO$ TE-KAI PRESBUTERON 'ON, 'ESTI DE 'OUDEPOTE
PRESBUTERON, 'ALLA= GIGNETAI 'AEI 'EKEINOU PRESBUTERON; 'EKEINO
MEN-GAR 'EPI TO NEWTERON 'EPIDIDWSIN, TO D' 'EPI TO PRESBUTERON.


<P 155A>
TO D' 'AU PRESBUTERON TOU* NEWTEROU NEWTERON GIGNETAI
"WSAUTW$. 'IONTE GAR 'AUTOIN 'EI$ TO 'ENANTION TO 'ENANTION
'ALLHLOIN GIGNESQON0, TO MEN NEWTERON PRESBUTERON TOU*
PRESBUTEROU, TO DE PRESBUTERON NEWTERON TOU* NEWTEROU;
GENESQAI DE 'OUK 'AN4 "OIW-TE-'EITHN. 'EI GAR GENOINTO, 'OUK
'AN4 'ETI GIGNOINTO, 'ALL' 'EIEN 'AN4. NU*N DE GIGNONTAI MEN
PRESBU=TERA 'ALLHLWN KAI NEW=TERA; TO MEN "EN TWN 'ALLWN
NEWTERON GIGNETAI, "OTI4 PRESBUTERON 'EFANH 'ON KAI PROTERON
<P 155B>
GEGONO$, TA DE 'A=LLA TOU* "ENO$ PRESBU=TERA, "OTI4 "U=STERA
GEGONE0. KATA DE TON 'AUTON LOGON KAI 'TALLA "OUTW PRO$
TO "EN 'ISCEI0, 'EPEIDHPER 'AUTOU4 PRESBU=TERA 'EFANH KAI PRO=TERA
GEGONOTA. FAINETAI GAR-'OUN "OUTW$. 'OUKOU*N "HI MEN
'OUDEN "ETERON "ETEROU PRESBUTERON GIGNETAI 'OUDE NEWTERON,
KATA TO 'ISWI 'ARIQMWI 'ALLHLWN 'AEI DIAFEREIN, 'OUTE TO "EN
TWN 'ALLWN PRESBUTERON GIGNOIT' 'AN4 'OUDE NEWTERON, 'OUTE
'TALLA TOU* "ENO$; "HI DE 'ALLWI 'AEI MORIWI DIAFEREIN 'ANAGKH
<P 155C>
TA PRO=TERA TWN "USTERWN GENOMENA KAI TA "U=STERA TWN
PROTERWN, TAUTHI DH 'ANAGKH PRESBU=TERA TE-KAI NEW=TERA
'ALLHLWN GIGNESQAI TA TE 'A=LLA TOU* "ENO$ KAI TO "EN TWN
'ALLWN: PANU MEN-'OUN. KATA DH PANTA TAUTA TO "EN 'AUTO
TE "AUTOU KAI TWN 'ALLWN PRESBUTERON KAI NEWTERON 'ESTI
TE-KAI GIGNETAI, KAI-'OUTE PRESBUTERON 'OUTE NEWTERON 'OUT'
'ESTIN 'OUTE GIGNETAI 'OUTE "AUTOU 'OUTE TWN 'ALLWN. PANTELW$
MEN-'OUN. 'EPEIDH DE CRONOU METECEI0 TO "EN KAI TOU*
<P 155D>
PRESBUTERON TE-KAI NEWTERON GIGNESQAI, 'A*R' 'OUK 'ANAGKH KAI
TOU* POTE METECEIN KAI TOU* 'EPEITA KAI TOU* NU*N, 'EIPER CRONOU
METECEI0: 'ANAGKH. 'H*N 'A=RA TO "EN KAI 'ESTI KAI 'ESTAI KAI
'EGIGNETO KAI GIGNETAI KAI GENHSETAI. TI= MHN: KAI 'EIH 'AN4
TI 'EKEINWI KAI 'EKEINOU, KAI 'H*N KAI 'ESTIN KAI 'ESTAI. PANU
GE. KAI 'EPISTHMH DH 'EIH 'AN4 'AUTOU4 KAI DOXA KAI 'AISQHSI$,
'EIPER KAI NU*N "HMEI$ PERI= 'AUTOU4 PANTA TAUTA PRATTOMEN.
'ORQW$ LEGEI$. KAI 'ONOMA DH-KAI LOGO$ 'ESTIN 'AUTWI, KAI
<P 155E>
'ONOMAZETAI KAI LEGETAI; KAI "OSAPER KAI PERI= TA 'A=LLA TWN
TOIOUTWN TUGCANEI0 'ONTA, KAI PERI= TO "EN 'ESTIN. PANTELW$
MEN-'OUN 'ECEI0 "OUTW$.
'ETI DH TO TRITON LEGWMEN. TO "EN 'EI 'ESTIN "OION
DIELHLUQAMEN, 'A*R' 'OUK 'ANAGKH 'AUTO, "EN TE 'ON KAI POLLA KAI
MHTE "EN MHTE POLLA KAI METECON CRONOU, "OTI4 MEN 'ESTIN "EN,
'OUSIA$ METECEIN POTE, "OTI4 D' 'OUK 'ESTI, MH METECEIN 'AU POTE
'OUSIA$: 'ANAGKH. 'A*R'-'OUN, "OTE METECEI0, "OION-TE-'ESTAI
TO=TE MH METECEIN, 'H= "OTE MH METECEI0, METECEIN: 'OUC "OION-TE.
'EN 'ALLWI 'A=RA CRONWI METECEI0 KAI 'EN 'ALLWI 'OU METECEI0;
"OUTW GAR 'AN4 MONW$ TOU* 'AUTOU4 METECOI TE-KAI 'OU METECOI.


<P 156A>
'ORQW$. 'OUKOU*N 'ESTI KAI "OUTO$ CRONO$, "OTE METALAMBANEI0
TOU* 'EINAI KAI "OTE 'APALLATTETAI 'AUTOU4: 'H= PW*$ "OION-TE-'ESTAI
TOTE= MEN 'ECEIN TO 'AUTO, TOTE= DE MH 'ECEIN, 'EA=N MH POTE KAI
LAMBANHI5 'AUTO KAI 'AFIHI5: 'OUDAMW$. TO DH 'OUSIA$ METALAMBANEIN
'A*RA-GE 'OU GIGNESQAI KALEI$0: 'EGWGE. TO DE
'APALLATTESQAI 'OUSIA$ 'A*RA 'OUK 'APOLLUSQAI: KAI PANU GE.
TO "EN DH, "W$ 'EOIKE0, LAMBANON TE-KAI 'AFIEN 'OUSIAN GIGNETAI
<P 156B>
TE-KAI 'APOLLUTAI. 'ANAGKH. "EN DE-KAI POLLA 'ON KAI
GIGNOMENON KAI 'APOLLUMENON 'A*R' 'OUC, "OTAN MEN GIGNHTAI "EN,
TO POLLA 'EINAI 'APOLLUTAI, "OTAN DE POLLA, TO "EN 'EINAI
'APOLLUTAI: PANU GE. "EN DE GIGNOMENON KAI POLLA 'A*R'
'OUK 'ANAGKH DIAKRINESQAI TE-KAI SUGKRINESQAI: POLLH GE.
KAI-MHN 'ANOMOION GE-KAI "OMOION "OTAN GIGNHTAI, "OMOIOUSQAI
TE-KAI 'ANOMOIOUSQAI: NAI. KAI "OTAN MEIZON KAI 'ELATTON
KAI 'ISON, 'AUXANESQAI TE-KAI FQINEIN KAI 'ISOUSQAI: "OUTW$.
<P 156C>
"OTAN DE KINOUMENON TE "ISTHTAI KAI "OTAN "ESTO$ 'EPI TO
KINEISQAI METABALLHI5, DEI DHPOU 'AUTO GE-MHD' 'EN "ENI CRONWI
'EINAI. PW*$ DH: "ESTO$ TE PROTERON "USTERON KINEISQAI KAI
PROTERON KINOUMENON "USTERON "ESTANAI, 'ANEU MEN TOU* METABALLEIN
'OUC "OION-TE-'ESTAI TAUTA PASCEIN. PW*$ GAR:
CRONO$ DE-GE 'OUDEI$ 'ESTIN, 'EN "WI TI "OION-TE "AMA MHTE KINEISQAI
MHTE "ESTANAI. 'OU-GAR-'OUN. 'ALL'-'OUDE-MHN METABALLEI0
'ANEU TOU* METABALLEIN. 'OUK 'EIKO$. PO=T' 'OUN METABALLEI0:
'OUTE-GAR "ESTO$ 'ON 'OUTE KINOUMENON METABALLEI0, 'OUTE 'EN
<P 156D>
CRONWI 'ON. 'OU-GAR-'OUN. 'A*R'-'OUN 'ESTI TO 'ATOPON TOUTO,
'EN "WI TO=T' 'AN4 'EIH, "OTE METABALLEI0: TO POI*ON DH: TO
'EXAIFNH$. TO GAR 'EXAIFNH$ TOIONDE TI 'EOIKE0 SHMAINEIN, "W$
'EX 'EKEINOU METABALLON 'EI$ "EKATERON. 'OU-GAR 'EK GE TOU*
"ESTANAI "ESTWTO$ 'ETI METABALLEI0, 'OUD' 'EK TH$ KINHSEW$
KINOUMENH$ 'ETI METABALLEI0; 'ALLA= "H 'EXAIFNH$ "AU=TH FUSI$
'ATOPO$ TI$ 'EGKAQHTAI METAXU TH$ KINHSEW$ TE-KAI STASEW$,
<P 156E>
'EN CRONWI 'OUDENI 'OUSA, KAI 'EI$ TAUTHN DH-KAI 'EK TAUTH$ TO TE
KINOUMENON METABALLEI0 'EPI TO "ESTANAI KAI TO "ESTO$ 'EPI TO
KINEISQAI. KINDUNEUEI0. KAI TO "EN DH, 'EIPER "ESTHKE0 TE-KAI
KINEITAI, METABALLOI 'AN4 'EF' "EKA=TERA % MONW$ GAR 'AN4 "OUTW$
'AMFO=TERA POIOI* % METABALLON D' 'EXAIFNH$ METABALLEI0, KAI
"OTE METABALLEI0, 'EN 'OUDENI CRONWI 'AN4 'EIH, 'OUDE KINOIT' 'AN4
TO=TE, 'OUD' 'AN4 STAIH. 'OU-GAR. 'A*R'-'OUN "OUTW KAI PRO$ TA$
'ALLA$ METABOLA$ 'ECEI0, "OTAN 'EK TOU* 'EINAI 'EI$ TO 'APOLLUSQAI


<P 157A>
METABALLHI5 'H= 'EK TOU* MH 'EINAI 'EI$ TO GIGNESQAI, METAXU
TINWN TO=TE GIGNETAI KINHSEWN TE-KAI STASEWN, KAI-'OUTE
'ESTI TO=TE 'OUTE 'OUK 'ESTI, 'OUTE GIGNETAI 'OUTE 'APOLLUTAI:
'EOIKE0 GOUN. KATA DH TON 'AUTON LOGON KAI 'EX "ENO$
'EPI POLLA 'ION KAI 'EK POLLWN 'EF' "EN 'OUTE "EN 'ESTIN 'OUTE
POLLA, 'OUTE DIAKRINETAI 'OUTE SUGKRINETAI. KAI 'EX "OMOIOU
'EPI 'ANOMOION KAI 'EX 'ANOMOIOU 'EPI "OMOION 'ION 'OUTE "OMOION
'OUTE 'ANOMOION, 'OUTE "OMOIOUMENON 'OUTE 'ANOMOIOUMENON; KAI
<P 157B>
'EK SMIKROU 'EPI MEGA KAI 'EPI 'ISON KAI 'EI$ TA 'ENANTIA
'ION 'OUTE SMIKRON 'OUTE MEGA 'OUTE 'ISON, 'OUTE 'AUXANOMENON
'OUTE FQINON 'OUTE 'ISOUMENON 'EIH 'AN4. 'OUK 'EOIKE0. TAUTA
DH TA PAQHMATA PANT' 'AN4 PASCOI TO "EN, 'EI 'ESTIN. PW*$
D' 'OU=:
TI= DE TOI$ 'ALLOI$ PROSHKOI 'AN4 PASCEIN, "EN 'EI 'ESTIN,
'A*RA 'OU SKEPTEON: SKEPTEON. LEGWMEN DH, "EN 'EI 'ESTI,
'TALLA TOU* "ENO$ TI= CRH PEPONQENAI: LEGWMEN. 'OUKOU*N
'EPEIPER 'A=LLA TOU* "ENO$ 'ESTIN, 'OUTE TO "EN 'ESTI 'TALLA; 'OU-GAR
<P 157C>
'AN4 'A=LLA TOU* "ENO$ 'H*N. 'ORQW$. 'OUDE-MHN STERETAI
GE PANTAPASI TOU* "ENO$ 'TALLA, 'ALLA= METECEI0 PHI. PH*I DH:
"OTI4 POU TA 'A=LLA TOU* "ENO$ MORIA 'ECONTA 'A=LLA 'ESTIN; 'EI GAR
MORIA MH 'ECOI, PANTELW$ 'AN4 "EN 'EIH. 'ORQW$. MORIA DE-GE,
FAMEN, TOUTOU 'ESTIN "O= 'AN4 "OLON 'HI. FAMEN GAR. 'ALLA=-MHN
TO GE "OLON "EN 'EK POLLWN 'ANAGKH 'EINAI, "OU 'ESTAI MORIA
TA MORIA; "EKASTON GAR TWN MORIWN 'OU POLLWN MORION CRH
'EINAI, 'ALLA= "OLOU. PW*$ TOUTO: 'EI TI POLLWN MORION 'EIH,
<P 157D>
'EN "OI$ 'AUTO 'EIH, "EAUTOU TE-DHPOU MORION 'ESTAI, "O= 'ESTIN
'ADUNATON, KAI TWN 'ALLWN DH "ENO$ "EKASTOU, 'EIPER KAI PANTWN.
"ENO$ GAR MH 'ON MORION, PLHN TOUTOU TWN 'ALLWN 'ESTAI, KAI
"OUTW$ "ENO$ "EKASTOU 'OUK 'ESTAI MORION, MH 'ON DE MORION "EKASTOU
'OUDENO$ TWN POLLWN 'ESTAI. MHDENO$ DE 'ON PANTWN TOUTWN
TI 'EINAI, "WN 'OUDENO$ 'OUDEN 'ESTI, KAI MORION KAI 'ALLO "OTIOUN
'ADUNATON 'EINAI8. FAINETAI GE-DH. 'OUK-'A=RA TWN POLLWN
'OUDE PANTWN TO MORION MORION, 'ALLA= MIA$ TINO$ 'IDEA$ KAI
<P 157E>
"ENO$ TINO$ "O= KALOUMEN0 "OLON, 'EX "APANTWN "EN TELEION GEGONO$,
TOUTOU MORION 'AN4 TO MORION 'EIH. PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN. 'EI
'A=RA 'TALLA MORIA 'ECEI0, 'KAN4 TOU* "OLOU TE-KAI "ENO$ METECOI.
PANU GE. "EN 'A=RA "OLON TELEION MORIA 'ECON 'ANAGKH 'EINAI
'TALLA TOU* "ENO$. 'ANAGKH. KAI-MHN-KAI PERI= TOU* MORIOU GE
"EKASTOU "O 'AUTO$ LOGO$; KAI-GAR TOUTO 'ANAGKH METECEIN


<P 158A>
TOU* "ENO$. 'EI GAR "EKASTON 'AUTWN MORION 'ESTI, TO GE "EKASTON
'EINAI "EN DHPOU SHMAINEI0, 'AFWRISMENON MEN TWN 'ALLWN, KAQ'
"AUTO DE 'ON, 'EIPER "EKASTON 'ESTAI. 'ORQW$. METECOI DE-GE
'AN4 TOU* "ENO$ DHLON "OTI4 'ALLO 'ON 'H= "EN; 'OU-GAR 'AN4 METEICEN,
'ALL' 'H*N 'AN4 'AUTO "EN. NU*N DE "ENI MEN 'EINAI PLHN 'AUTWI TW*I "ENI
'ADUNATON POU. 'ADUNATON. METECEIN DE-GE TOU* "ENO$ 'ANAGKH
TW*I TE "OLWI KAI TW*I MORIWI. TO MEN-GAR "EN "OLON 'ESTAI, "OU
MORIA TA MORIA; TO D' 'AU "EKASTON "EN MORION TOU* "OLOU, "O= 'AN4 'HI
<P 158B>
MORION "OLOU. "OUTW$. 'OUKOU*N "E=TERA 'ONTA TOU* "ENO$ MEQEXEI2
TA METECONTA 'AUTOU4: PW*$ D' 'OU=: TA D' "E=TERA TOU* "ENO$
POLLA POU 'AN4 'EIH; 'EI GAR-MHTE "EN MHTE "ENO$ PLEIW 'EIH
'TALLA TOU* "ENO$, 'OUDEN 'AN4 'EIH. 'OU-GAR-'OUN.
'EPEI DE-GE PLEIW "ENO$ 'ESTI TA TE TOU* "ENO$ MORIOU KAI TA
TOU* "ENO$ "OLOU METECONTA, 'OUK 'ANAGKH 'HDH PLHQEI 'APEIRA
'EINAI 'AUTA GE 'EKEINA TA METALAMBANONTA TOU* "ENO$: PW*$:
"WDE 'IDWMEN. 'ALLO TI 'OUC "EN 'ONTA 'OUDE METECONTA TOU* "ENO$
TO=TE, "OTE METALAMBANEI0 'AUTOU4, METALAMBANEI0: DHLA DH.
<P 158C>
'OUKOU*N PLHQH 'ONTA, 'EN "OI$ TO "EN 'OUK 'ENI: PLHQH MENTOI.
TI= 'OUN: 'EI 'EQELOIMEN THI DIANOIA\ TWN TOIOUTWN 'AFELEIN "W$
"OIOI-TE-'ESMEN "OTI2 'OLIGISTON, 'OUK 'ANAGKH KAI TO 'AFAIREQEN
'EKEINO, 'EIPER TOU* "ENO$ MH METECOI, PLHQO$ 'EINAI KAI 'OUC "EN:
'ANAGKH. 'OUKOU*N "OUTW$ 'AEI SKOPOUNTE$ 'AUTHN KAQ' "AUTHN
THN "ETERAN FUSIN TOU* 'EIDOU$ "OSON 'AN4 'AUTH$ 'AEI "ORWMEN2 'APEIRON
'ESTAI PLHQEI: PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN. KAI-MHN 'EPEIDAN GE
<P 158D>
"EN "EKASTON MORION MORION GENHTAI, PERA$ 'HDH 'ECEI0 PRO$
'ALLHLA KAI PRO$ TO "OLON, KAI TO "OLON PRO$ TA MORIA.
KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN. TOI$ 'ALLOI$ DH TOU* "ENO$ SUMBAINEI0 'EK MEN
TOU* "ENO$ KAI 'EX "EAUTWN KOINWNHSANTWN0, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "ETERON TI
GIGNESQAI 'EN "EAUTOI$, "O= DH PERA$ PARESCE PRO$ 'ALLHLA; "H
D' "EAUTWN FUSI$ KAQ' "EAUTA 'APEIRIAN. FAINETAI. "OUTW DH
TA 'A=LLA TOU* "ENO$ KAI "OLA KAI KATA MORIA 'APEIRA TE 'ESTI
KAI PERATO$ METECEI0. PANU GE.
<P 158E>
'OUKOU*N-KAI "O=MOIA TE-KAI 'ANO=MOIA 'ALLHLOI$ TE-KAI "EAUTOI$:
PH*I DH: "HI MEN-POU 'APEIRA 'ESTI KATA THN "EAUTWN FUSIN
PANTA, 'TAUTON PEPONQOTA 'AN4 'EIH TAUTHI. PANU GE. KAI-MHN
"HI GE "APANTA PERATO$ METECEI0, KAI TAUTHI PANT' 'AN4 'EIH 'TAUTON
PEPONQOTA. PW*$ D' 'OU=: "HI DE-GE PEPERASMENA TE 'EINAI
KAI 'APEIRA PEPONQEN0, 'ENANTIA PAQH 'ALLHLOI$ 'ONTA TAUTA TA


<P 159A>
PAQH PEPONQEN0. NAI. TA D' 'ENANTIA GE "W$ "OION-TE 'ANOMOIOTATA.
TI= MHN: KATA MEN-'A=RA "EKATERON TO PAQO$
"O=MOIA 'AN4 'EIH 'AUTA TE "AUTOI$ KAI 'ALLHLOI$, KATA D' 'AMFO=TERA
'AMFOTERW$ 'ENANTIWTATA TE-KAI 'ANOMOIOTATA. KINDUNEUEI0.
"OUTW DH TA 'A=LLA 'AUTA TE "AUTOI$ KAI 'ALLHLOI$ "O=MOIA TE-KAI
'ANO=MOIA 'AN4 'EIH. "OUTW$. KAI 'TAUTA DH-KAI "E=TERA 'ALLHLWN,
KAI KINOUMENA KAI "ESTWTA, KAI PANTA TA 'ENANTIA PAQH 'OUKETI
CALEPW$ "EURHSOMEN PEPONQOTA 'TALLA TOU* "ENO$, 'EPEIPER KAI
<P 159B>
TAUTA 'EFANH PEPONQOTA. 'ORQW$ LEGEI$.
'OUKOU*N 'EI TAUTA MEN 'HDH 'EWIMEN "W$ FANERA, 'EPISKOPOIMEN
DE PALIN "EN 'EI 'ESTIN, 'A*RA-KAI 'OUC "OUTW$ 'ECEI0 TA 'A=LLA TOU*
"ENO$ 'H= "OUTW MONON: PANU MEN-'OUN. LEGWMEN DH 'EX 'ARCH$
"EN 'EI 'ESTI, TI= CRH TA 'A=LLA TOU* "ENO$ PEPONQENAI. LEGWMEN
GAR. 'A*R'-'OUN 'OU CWRI$ MEN TO "EN TWN 'ALLWN, CWRI$ DE
'TALLA TOU* "ENO$ 'EINAI: TI= DH: "OTI4 POU 'OUK 'ESTI PARA
TAUTA "ETERON, "O= 'ALLO MEN 'ESTI TOU* "ENO$, 'ALLO DE TWN 'ALLWN;
<P 159C>
PANTA GAR 'EIRHTAI, "OTAN "RHQHI TO TE "EN KAI 'TALLA. PANTA
GAR. 'OUK-'A=RA 'ET' 'ESTIN "ETERON TOUTWN, 'EN "WI TO TE "EN 'AN4
'EIH TW*I 'AUTWI KAI 'TALLA. 'OU-GAR. 'OUDEPOTE 'A=RA 'EN 'TAUTWI
'ESTI TO "EN KAI 'TALLA. 'OUK 'EOIKEN0. CWRI$ 'A=RA: NAI.
'OUDE-MHN MORIA GE 'ECEIN FAMEN TO "W$ 'ALHQW$ "EN. PW*$
GAR: 'OUT'-'A=RA "OLON 'EIH 'AN4 TO "EN 'EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$ 'OUTE MORIA
'AUTOU4, 'EI CWRI$ TE 'ESTI TWN 'ALLWN KAI MORIA MH 'ECEI0. PW*$
<P 159D>
GAR: 'OUDENI 'A=RA TROPWI METECOI 'AN4 'TALLA TOU* "ENO$, MHTE
KATA MORION TI 'AUTOU4 MHTE KATA "OLON METECONTA. 'OUK
'EOIKEN0. 'OUDAMHI 'A=RA "EN 'TALLA 'ESTIN, 'OUD' 'ECEI0 'EN "EAUTOI$
"EN 'OUDEN. 'OU-GAR-'OUN. 'OUD'-'A=RA POLLA 'ESTI 'TALLA; "EN
GAR 'AN4 'H*N "EKASTON 'AUTWN MORION TOU* "OLOU, 'EI POLLA 'H*N;
NU*N DE-'OUTE "EN 'OUTE POLLA 'OUTE "OLON 'OUTE MORIA 'ESTI 'TALLA
TOU* "ENO$, 'EPEIDH 'AUTOU4 'OUDAMHI METECEI0. 'ORQW$. 'OUD'-'A=RA
DUO 'OUDE TRIA 'OUTE 'AUTA 'ESTI TA 'A=LLA 'OUTE 'ENESTIN 'EN 'AUTOI$,
<P 159E>
'EIPER TOU* "ENO$ PANTACHI STERETAI. "OUTW$.
'OUDE "O=MOIA 'A=RA-KAI 'ANO=MOIA 'OUTE 'AUTA 'ESTI TW*I "ENI TA
'A=LLA, 'OUTE 'ENESTIN 'EN 'AUTOI$ "OMOIOTH$ KAI 'ANOMOIOTH$; 'EI
GAR "O=MOIA KAI 'ANO=MOIA 'AUTA 'EIH 'H= 'ECOI 'EN "EAUTOI$ "OMOIOTHTA
KAI 'ANOMOIOTHTA, DUO POU 'EIDH 'ENANTIA 'ALLHLOI$ 'ECOI 'AN4 'EN
"EAUTOI$ TA 'A=LLA TOU* "ENO$. FAINETAI. 'H*N DE-GE 'ADUNATON
DUOIN TINOIN METECEIN "A MHD' "ENO$ METECOI. 'ADUNATON.
'OUT'-'A=RA "O=MOIA 'OUT' 'ANO=MOIA 'ESTIN 'OUT' 'AMFO=TERA 'TALLA.


<P 160A>
"O=MOIA MEN-GAR 'AN4 'ONTA 'H= 'ANO=MOIA "ENO$ 'AN4 TOU* "ETEROU 'EIDOU$
METECOI, 'AMFO=TERA DE 'ONTA DUOIN TOIN 'ENANTIOIN; TAUTA DE
'ADUNATON 'EFANH. 'ALHQH.
'OUD'-'A=RA TA 'AUTA 'OUD' "E=TERA, 'OUDE KINOUMENA 'OUDE "ESTWTA,
'OUDE GIGNOMENA 'OUDE 'APOLLUMENA, 'OUDE MEIZW 'OUDE 'ELATTW
'OUDE 'ISA; 'OUDE 'ALLO 'OUDEN PEPONQE0 TWN TOIOUTWN; 'EI GAR
TI TOIOUTON PEPONQENAI "UPOMENEI0 TA 'A=LLA, KAI "ENO$ KAI DUOIN
KAI TRIWN KAI PERITTOU KAI 'ARTIOU MEQEXEI2, "WN 'AUTOI$ 'ADUNATON
<P 160B>
'EFANH METECEIN TOU* "ENO$ GE PANTHI PANTW$ STEROMENOI$.
'ALHQESTATA. "OUTW DH "EN 'EI 'ESTIN, PANTA TE 'ESTI TO "EN
KAI-'OUDE "EN 'ESTI KAI PRO$ "EAUTO KAI PRO$ TA 'A=LLA "WSAUTW$.
PANTELW$ MEN-'OUN.
'EIEN; 'EI DE-DH MH 'ESTI TO "EN, TI= CRH SUMBAINEIN 'A*R' 'OU
SKEPTEON META TOUTO: SKEPTEON GAR. TI=$ 'OUN 'AN4 'EIH "AU=TH
"H "UPOQESI$, 'EI "EN MH 'ESTIN: 'A*RA TI DIAFEREI0 THSDE, 'EI MH
"EN MH 'ESTIN: DIAFEREI0 MENTOI. DIAFEREI0 MONON, 'H=-KAI PAN
<P 160C>
'TOUNANTION 'ESTIN 'EIPEIN 'EI MH "EN MH 'ESTI TOU* 'EI "EN MH
'ESTIN: PAN 'TOUNANTION. TI= D' 'EI TI$ LEGOI 'EI MEGEQO$
MH 'ESTIN 'H= SMIKROTH$ MH 'ESTIN 'H= TI 'ALLO TWN TOIOUTWN,
'A*RA 'EF' "EKASTOU 'AN4 DHLOI3 "OTI4 "ETERON TI LEGOI TO MH 'ON:
PANU GE. 'OUKOU*N-KAI NU*N DHLOI0 "OTI4 "ETERON LEGEI0 TWN 'ALLWN
TO MH 'ON, "OTAN 'EIPHI6 "EN 'EI MH 'ESTI, KAI 'ISMEN "O= LEGEI0:
'ISMEN. PRWTON MEN-'A=RA GNWSTON TI LEGEI0, 'EPEITA "ETERON
TWN 'ALLWN, "OTAN 'EIPHI6 "EN, 'EI=TE TO 'EINAI 'AUTWI PROSQEI$ 'EI=TE
<P 160D>
TO MH 'EINAI; 'OUDEN GAR7 "HTTON GIGNWSKETAI, TI= TO LEGOMENON
MH 'EINAI, KAI "OTI4 DIAFORON TWN 'ALLWN. 'H= 'OU=: 'ANAGKH.
"WDE 'A=RA LEKTEON 'EX 'ARCH$, "EN 'EI MH 'ESTI, TI= CRH 'EINAI.
PRWTON MEN-'OUN 'AUTWI TOUTO "UPARCEIN DEI, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'EINAI
'AUTOU4 'EPISTHMHN, 'H= MHDE "OTI3 LEGETAI GIGNWSKESQAI, "OTAN TI$
'EIPHI6 "EN 'EI MH 'ESTIN. 'ALHQH. 'OUKOU*N-KAI TA 'A=LLA "E=TERA
'AUTOU4 'EINAI, 'H= MHDE 'EKEINO "ETERON TWN 'ALLWN LEGESQAI:
PANU GE. KAI "ETEROIOTH$ 'A=RA 'ESTIN 'AUTWI PRO$ THI 'EPISTHMHI.
<P 160E>
'OU-GAR THN TWN 'ALLWN "ETEROIOTHTA LEGEI0, "OTAN TO "EN "ETERON
TWN 'ALLWN LEGHI5, 'ALLA= THN 'EKEINOU. FAINETAI. KAI-MHN
TOU* GE 'EKEINOU KAI TOU* TINO$ KAI TOUTOU KAI TOUTWI KAI TOUTWN
KAI PANTWN TWN TOIOUTWN METECEI0 TO MH 'ON "EN; 'OU-GAR 'AN4
TO "EN 'ELEGETO 'OUD' 'AN4 TOU* "ENO$ "E=TERA, 'OUD' 'EKEINWI 'AN4 TI 'H*N
'OUD' 'EKEINOU, 'OUD' 'AN4 TI 'ELEGETO, 'EI MHTE TOU* TINO$ 'AUTWI METHN
MHTE TWN 'ALLWN TOUTWN. 'ORQW$. 'EINAI MEN-DH TW*I "ENI
'OUC "OION-TE, 'EIPER GE MH 'ESTI, METECEIN DE POLLWN 'OUDEN


<P 161A>
KWLUEI0, 'ALLA=-KAI 'ANAGKH, 'EIPER TO GE "EN 'EKEINO KAI MH 'ALLO
MH 'ESTIN. 'EI MENTOI-MHTE TO "EN MHT' 'EKEINO MH 'ESTAI, 'ALLA=
PERI= 'ALLOU TOU "O LOGO$, 'OUDE FQEGGESQAI DEI 'OUDEN; 'EI DE TO
"EN 'EKEINO KAI MH 'ALLO "UPOKEITAI MH 'EINAI, KAI TOU* 'EKEINOU
KAI 'ALLWN POLLWN 'ANAGKH 'AUTWI METEINAI. KAI PANU GE.
KAI 'ANOMOIOTH$ 'A=RA 'ESTIN 'AUTWI PRO$ TA 'A=LLA; TA GAR
'A=LLA TOU* "ENO$ "E=TERA 'ONTA "ETEROI*A KAI 'EIH 'AN4. NAI. TA
D' "ETEROI*A 'OUK 'ALLOI*A: PW*$ D' 'OU=: TA D' 'ALLOI*A 'OUK
<P 161B>
'ANO=MOIA: 'ANO=MOIA MEN-'OUN. 'OUKOU*N 'EIPER TW*I "ENI 'ANO=MOIA
'ESTI, DHLON "OTI4 'ANOMOIWI TA GE 'ANO=MOIA 'ANO=MOIA 'AN4 'EIH.
DHLON. 'EIH DH 'AN4 KAI TW*I "ENI 'ANOMOIOTH$, PRO$ "HN TA
'A=LLA 'ANO=MOIA 'AUTWI 'ESTIN. 'EOIKEN0. 'EI DE-DH TWN 'ALLWN
'ANOMOIOTH$ 'ESTIN 'AUTWI, 'A*R' 'OUK 'ANAGKH "EAUTOU "OMOIOTHTA
'AUTWI 'EINAI: PW*$: 'EI "ENO$ 'ANOMOIOTH$ 'ESTI TW*I "ENI, 'OUK
'AN4 POU PERI= TOU* TOIOUTOU "O LOGO$ 'EIH "OIOU TOU* "ENO$, 'OUD' 'AN4
"H "UPOQESI$ 'EIH PERI= "ENO$, 'ALLA= PERI= 'ALLOU 'H= "ENO$. PANU
<P 161C>
GE. 'OU DEI DE-GE. 'OU-DHTA. DEI 'A=RA "OMOIOTHTA TW*I "ENI
'AUTOU4 "EAUTWI 'EINAI. DEI.
KAI-MHN-'OUD' 'AU 'ISON G' 'ESTI TOI$ 'ALLOI$; 'EI GAR 'EIH
'ISON, 'EIH TE 'AN4 'HDH KAI "OMOION 'AN4 'EIH 'AUTOI$ KATA THN
'ISOTHTA. TAUTA D' 'AMFO=TERA 'ADUNATA, 'EIPER MH 'ESTIN "EN.
'ADUNATA. 'EPEIDH DE 'OUK 'ESTI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ 'ISON, 'A*RA 'OUK
'ANAGKH KAI 'TALLA 'EKEINWI MH 'ISA 'EINAI: 'ANAGKH. TA DE
MH 'ISA 'OUK 'ANISA: NAI. TA DE 'ANISA 'OU TW*I 'ANISWI
'ANISA: PW*$ D' 'OU=: KAI 'ANISOTHTO$ DH METECEI0 TO "EN
<P 161D>
PRO$ "HN 'TALLA 'AUTWI 'ESTIN 'ANISA: METECEI0. 'ALLA=-MENTOI
'ANISOTHTO$ GE 'ESTI MEGEQO$ TE-KAI SMIKROTH$. 'ESTI GAR.
'ESTIN 'A=RA-KAI MEGEQO$ TE-KAI SMIKROTH$ TW*I TOIOUTWI
"ENI: KINDUNEUEI0. MEGEQO$ MHN-KAI SMIKROTH$ 'AEI 'AFESTATON
'ALLHLOIN. PANU GE. METAXU 'A=RA TI 'AUTOIN 'AEI
'ESTIN. 'ESTIN. 'ECEI$ 'OUN TI 'ALLO 'EIPEIN METAXU 'AUTOIN
'H= 'ISOTHTA: 'OU=K, 'ALLA= TOUTO. "OTWI 'A=RA 'ESTI MEGEQO$ KAI
SMIKROTH$, 'ESTI KAI 'ISOTH$ 'AUTWI METAXU TOUTOIN 'OUSA.
<P 161E>
FAINETAI. TW*I DH "ENI MH 'ONTI, "W$ 'EOIKE0, KAI 'ISOTHTO$ 'AN4
METEIH KAI MEGEQOU$ KAI SMIKROTHTO$. 'EOIKEN0.
KAI-MHN-KAI 'OUSIA$ GE DEI 'AUTO METECEIN PHI. PW*$
DH: 'ECEIN 'AUTO DEI "OUTW$ "W$ LEGOMEN; 'EI GAR MH "OUTW$ 'ECEI0,
'OUK 'AN4 'ALHQH LEGOIMEN "HMEI$ LEGONTE$ TO "EN MH 'EINAI; 'EI
DE 'ALHQH, DHLON "OTI4 'ONTA 'AUTA LEGOMEN. 'H= 'OUC "OUTW$:
"OUTW MEN-'OUN. 'EPEIDH DE FAMEN 'ALHQH LEGEIN, 'ANAGKH


<P 162A>
"HMIN FANAI0 KAI 'ONTA LEGEIN. 'ANAGKH. 'ESTIN 'A=RA, "W$
'EOIKE0, TO "EN 'OUK 'ON; 'EI GAR MH 'ESTAI MH 'ON, 'ALLA= PHI TOU*
'EINAI 'ANHSEI2 PRO$ TO MH 'EINAI, 'EUQU$ 'ESTAI 'ON. PANTAPASI
MEN-'OUN. DEI 'A=RA 'AUTO DESMON 'ECEIN TOU* MH 'EINAI TO 'EINAI
MH 'ON, 'EI MELLEI0 MH 'EINAI, "OMOIW$ "WSPER TO 'ON TO MH 'ON
'ECEIN MH 'EINAI, "INA TELEW$ 'AU 'EINAI8 'HI; "OUTW$ GAR 'AN4 TO TE
'ON MALIST' 'AN4 'EIH KAI TO MH 'ON 'OUK 'AN4 'EIH, METECONTA TO
MEN 'ON 'OUSIA$ TOU* 'EINAI 'ON, MH 'OUSIA$ DE TOU* MH7 'EINAI MH
<P 162B>
'ON, 'EI MELLEI0 TELEW$ 'EINAI, TO DE MH 'ON MH 'OUSIA$ MEN TOU* MH
'EINAI MH8 'ON, 'OUSIA$ DE TOU* 'EINAI MH 'ON, 'EI KAI TO MH 'ON 'AU
TELEW$ MH 'ESTAI. 'ALHQESTATA. 'OUKOU*N 'EPEIPER TW*I TE
'ONTI TOU* MH 'EINAI KAI TW*I MH 'ONTI TOU* 'EINAI METESTI, KAI TW*I
"ENI, 'EPEIDH 'OUK 'ESTI, TOU* 'EINAI 'ANAGKH METEINAI 'EI$ TO MH
'EINAI. 'ANAGKH. KAI 'OUSIA DH FAINETAI TW*I "ENI, 'EI MH
'ESTIN. FAINETAI. KAI MH 'OUSIA 'A=RA, 'EIPER MH 'ESTIN.
PW*$ D' 'OU=:
"OION-TE 'OUN TO 'ECON PW$ MH 'ECEIN "OUTW, MH METABALLON
'EK TAUTH$ TH$ "EXEW$: 'OUC "OION-TE. PAN 'A=RA TO TOIOUTON
<P 162C>
METABOLHN SHMAINEI0, "O= 'AN4 "OUTW TE-KAI MH "OUTW$ 'ECHI5.
PW*$ D' 'OU=: METABOLH DE KINHSI$; 'H= TI= FHSOMEN: KINHSI$.
'OUKOU*N TO "EN 'ON TE-KAI 'OUK 'ON 'EFANH: NAI. "OUTW$
'A=RA-KAI 'OUC "OUTW$ 'ECON FAINETAI. 'EOIKEN0. KAI KINOUMENON
'A=RA TO 'OUK 'ON "EN PEFANTAI, 'EPEIPER KAI METABOLHN
'EK TOU* 'EINAI 'EPI TO MH 'EINAI 'ECON. KINDUNEUEI0. 'ALLA=-MHN
'EI MHDAMOU GE 'ESTI TWN 'ONTWN0, "W$ 'OUK 'ESTIN 'EIPER MH 'ESTIN,
'OUD' 'AN4 MEQISTAITO POQEN POI. PW*$ GAR: 'OUK-'A=RA TW*I GE
<P 162D>
METABAINEIN KINOIT' 'AN4. 'OU-GAR. 'OUDE-MHN 'EN TW*I 'AUTWI
'AN4 STREFOITO; 'TAUTOU GAR 'OUDAMOU "APTETAI. 'ON GAR 'ESTI
TO 'TAUTON; TO DE MH 'ON 'EN TWI TWN 'ONTWN0 'ADUNATON 'EINAI.
'ADUNATON GAR. 'OUK-'A=RA TO "EN GE MH 'ON STREFESQAI 'AN4
DUNAITO 'EN 'EKEINWI 'EN "WI MH 'ESTIN. 'OU-GAR-'OUN. 'OUDE-MHN
'ALLOIOUTAI POU TO "EN "EAUTOU, 'OUTE TO 'ON 'OUTE TO MH 'ON;
'OU-GAR 'AN4 'H*N "O LOGO$ 'ETI PERI= TOU* "ENO$, 'EIPER 'HLLOIOUTO
'AUTO "EAUTOU, 'ALLA= PERI= 'ALLOU TINO$. 'ORQW$. 'EI DE-MHT'
'ALLOIOUTAI MHTE 'EN 'TAUTWI STREFETAI MHTE METABAINEI0, 'A*R'
<P 162E>
'AN4 PHI 'ETI KINOITO: PW*$ GAR: TO GE-MHN 'AKINHTON 'ANAGKH
"HSUCIAN 'AGEIN, TO DE "HSUCAZON0 "ESTANAI. 'ANAGKH. TO "EN
'A=RA, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'OUK 'ON "ESTHKE0 TE-KAI KINEITAI. 'EOIKEN0.
KAI-MHN 'EIPER GE KINEITAI, MEGALH 'ANAGKH 'AUTWI 'ALLOIOUSQAI;


<P 163A>
"OPHI GAR 'AN4 TI KINHQHI, KATA TOSOUTON 'OUKEQ' "WSAUTW$
'ECEI0 "W$ 'EICEN, 'ALL' "ETERW$. "OUTW$. KINOUMENON DH TO "EN
KAI 'ALLOIOUTAI. NAI. KAI-MHN MHDAMHI GE KINOUMENON
'OUDAMHI 'AN4 'ALLOIOITO. 'OU-GAR. "HI MEN-'A=RA KINEITAI TO
'OUK 'ON "EN, 'ALLOIOUTAI; "HI DE MH KINEITAI, 'OUK 'ALLOIOUTAI.
'OU-GAR. TO "EN 'A=RA MH 'ON 'ALLOIOUTAI TE-KAI 'OUK 'ALLOIOUTAI.
FAINETAI. TO D' 'ALLOIOUMENON 'A*R' 'OUK 'ANAGKH
GIGNESQAI MEN "ETERON 'H= PROTERON, 'APOLLUSQAI DE 'EK TH$
<P 163B>
PROTERA$ "EXEW$; TO DE MH 'ALLOIOUMENON MHTE GIGNESQAI
MHTE 'APOLLUSQAI: 'ANAGKH. KAI TO "EN 'A=RA MH 'ON 'ALLOIOUMENON
MEN GIGNETAI TE-KAI 'APOLLUTAI, MH 'ALLOIOUMENON DE-'OUTE
GIGNETAI 'OUTE 'APOLLUTAI; KAI "OUTW TO "EN MH 'ON GIGNETAI
TE-KAI 'APOLLUTAI, KAI-'OUTE GIGNETAI 'OUT' 'APOLLUTAI.
'OU-GAR-'OUN.
'AUQI$ DH 'EPI THN 'ARCHN 'IWMEN PALIN 'OYOMENOI 'EI 'TAUTA
"HMIN FANEITAI "APER KAI NU*N 'H= "E=TERA. 'ALLA= CRH. 'OUKOU*N
<P 163C>
"EN 'EI MH 'ESTI, FAMEN, TI= CRH PERI= 'AUTOU4 SUMBAINEIN:
NAI. TO DE MH 'ESTIN "OTAN LEGWMEN, 'A*RA MH TI 'ALLO
SHMAINEI0 'H= 'OUSIA$ 'APOUSIAN TOUTWI "WI 'AN4 FWMEN MH 'EINAI:
'OUDEN 'ALLO. POTERON 'OUN, "OTAN FWMEN MH 'EINAI TI, PW$
'OUK 'EINAI FAMEN 'AUTO, PW$ DE 'EINAI: 'H= TOUTO TO MH 'ESTI
LEGOMENON "APLW$ SHMAINEI0 "OTI4 'OUDAMW$ 'OUDAMHI 'ESTIN 'OUDE
PHI METECEI0 'OUSIA$ TO GE MH 'ON: "APLOUSTATA MEN-'OUN.
'OUTE-'A=RA 'EINAI DUNAITO 'AN4 TO MH 'ON 'OUTE 'ALLW$ 'OUDAMW$
<P 163D>
'OUSIA$ METECEIN. 'OU-GAR. TO DE GIGNESQAI KAI TO 'APOLLUSQAI
MH TI 'ALLO 'H*N 'H= TO MEN 'OUSIA$ METALAMBANEIN, TO
D' 'APOLLUNAI 'OUSIAN: 'OUDEN 'ALLO. "WI DE-GE MHDEN
TOUTOU METESTIN, 'OUT' 'AN4 LAMBANOI 'OUT' 'APOLLUOI 'AUTO.
PW*$ GAR: TW*I "ENI 'A=RA, 'EPEIDH 'OUDAMHI 'ESTIN, 'OUTE "EKTEON
'OUTE 'APALLAKTEON 'OUTE METALHPTEON 'OUSIA$ 'OUDAMW$.
'EIKO$. 'OUTE-'A=RA 'APOLLUTAI TO MH 'ON "EN 'OUTE GIGNETAI,
'EPEIPER 'OUDAMHI METECEI0 'OUSIA$. 'OU FAINETAI. 'OUD'-'A=R'
<P 163E>
'ALLOIOUTAI 'OUDAMHI; 'HDH GAR 'AN4 GIGNOITO TE-KAI 'APOLLUOITO
TOUTO PASCON. 'ALHQH. 'EI DE MH 'ALLOIOUTAI, 'OUK 'ANAGKH
MHDE KINEISQAI: 'ANAGKH. 'OUDE-MHN "ESTANAI FHSOMEN TO
MHDAMOU 'ON; TO GAR "ESTO$ 'EN TW*I 'AUTWI TINI DEI 'AEI 'EINAI.
TW*I 'AUTWI; PW*$ GAR 'OU=: "OUTW DH 'AU TO MH 'ON MHTE POTE
"ESTANAI MHTE KINEISQAI LEGWMEN. MH-GAR-'OUN. 'ALLA=-MHN-'OUD'
'ESTI GE 'AUTWI TI TWN 'ONTWN0; 'HDH GAR 'AN4 TOUTOU


<P 164A>
METECON 'ONTO$8 'OUSIA$ METECOI. DHLON. 'OUTE-'A=RA MEGEQO$
'OUTE SMIKROTH$ 'OUTE 'ISOTH$ 'AUTWI 'ESTIN. 'OU-GAR. 'OUDE-MHN
"OMOIOTH$ GE-'OUDE "ETEROIOTH$ 'OUTE PRO$ "AUTO 'OUTE PRO$
'TALLA 'EIH 'AN4 'AUTWI. 'OU FAINETAI. TI= DE: 'TALLA 'ESQ'
"OPW$ 'AN4 'EIH 'AUTWI, 'EI MHDEN 'AUTWI DEI 'EINAI: 'OUK 'ESTIN.
'OUTE-'A=RA "O=MOIA 'OUTE 'ANO=MOIA 'OUTE 'TAUTA 'OUQ' "E=TERA 'ESTIN
'AUTWI TA 'A=LLA. 'OU-GAR. TI= DE: TO 'EKEINOU 'H= TO 'EKEINWI
'H= TO TI 'H= TO TOUTO 'H= TO TOUTOU 'H= 'ALLOU 'H= 'ALLWI 'H= POTE 'H=
<P 164B>
'EPEITA 'H= NU*N 'H= 'EPISTHMH 'H= DOXA 'H= 'AISQHSI$ 'H= LOGO$ 'H=
'ONOMA 'H= 'ALLO "OTIOUN TWN 'ONTWN0 PERI= TO MH 'ON 'ESTAI: 'OUK
'ESTAI. "OUTW DH "EN 'OUK 'ON 'OUK 'ECEI0 PW$ 'OUDAMHI. 'OU=KOUN-DH
'EOIKEN0 GE 'OUDAMHI 'ECEIN.
'ETI DH LEGWMEN, "EN 'EI MH 'ESTI, 'TALLA TI= CRH PEPONQENAI.
LEGWMEN GAR. 'A=LLA MEN-POU DEI 'AUTA 'EINAI;
'EI GAR-MHDE 'A=LLA 'ESTIN, 'OUK 'AN4 PERI= TWN 'ALLWN LEGOITO.
"OUTW. 'EI DE PERI= TWN 'ALLWN "O LOGO$, TA GE 'A=LLA "E=TERA
'ESTIN. 'H= 'OUK 'EPI TW*I 'AUTWI KALEI$0 TO TE 'ALLO KAI TO
<P 164C>
"ETERON: 'EGWGE. "ETERON DE-GE-POU FAMEN TO "ETERON 'EINAI
"ETEROU, KAI TO 'ALLO DH 'ALLO 'EINAI 'ALLOU: NAI. KAI TOI$
'ALLOI$ 'A=RA, 'EI MELLEI0 'A=LLA 'EINAI, 'ESTI TI "OU 'A=LLA 'ESTAI.
'ANAGKH. TI= DH-'OUN 'AN4 'EIH: TOU* MEN-GAR "ENO$ 'OUK 'ESTAI
'A=LLA, MH 'ONTO$ GE. 'OU-GAR. 'ALLHLWN 'A=RA 'ESTI; TOUTO
GAR 'AUTOI$ 'ETI LEIPETAI, 'H= MHDENO$ 'EINAI 'ALLOI$. 'ORQW$.
KATA PLHQH 'A=RA "EKASTA 'ALLHLWN 'A=LLA 'ESTI; KATA "EN
GAR 'OUK 'AN4 "OI*A-TE-'EIH, MH 'ONTO$ "ENO$. 'ALL' "EKASTO$, "W$
<P 164D>
'EOIKEN0, "O 'OGKO$ 'AUTWN 'APEIRO$ 'ESTI PLHQEI, 'KAN2 TO SMIKROTATON
DOKOUN 'EINAI LABHI6 TI$, "WSPER 'ONAR 'EN "UPNWI FAINETAI
'EXAIFNH$ 'ANTI "ENO$ DOXANTO$ 'EINAI POLLA KAI 'ANTI SMIKROTATOU
PAMMEGEQE$ PRO$ TA KERMATIZOMENA 'EX 'AUTOU4. 'ORQOTATA.
TOIOUTWN DH 'OGKWN 'A=LLA 'ALLHLWN 'AN4 'EIH 'TALLA,
'EI "ENO$ MH 'ONTO$ 'A=LLA 'ESTIN. KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN. 'OUKOU*N
POLLOI 'OGKOI 'ESONTAI, "EI$ "EKASTO$ FAINOMENO$, 'WN DE 'OU=,
'EIPER "EN MH 'ESTAI: "OUTW. KAI 'ARIQMO$ DE 'EINAI 'AUTWN
<P 164E>
DOXEI2, 'EIPER KAI "EN "EKASTON, POLLWN 'ONTWN0. PANU GE.
KAI TA MEN-DH 'A=RTIA, TA DE PERITTA 'EN 'AUTOI$ 'ONTA 'OUK
'ALHQW$ FAINETAI, 'EIPER "EN MH 'ESTAI. 'OU-GAR-'OUN. KAI-MHN-KAI
SMIKROTATON GE, FAMEN, DOXEI2 'EN 'AUTOI$ 'ENEINAI;
FAINETAI DE TOUTO POLLA KAI MEGALA PRO$ "EKASTON TWN


<P 165A>
POLLWN "W$ SMIKRWN 'ONTWN0. PW*$ D' 'OU=: KAI 'ISO$ MHN
TOI$ POLLOI$ KAI SMIKROI$ "EKASTO$ 'OGKO$ DOXASQHSETAI
'EINAI; 'OU-GAR 'AN4 METEBAINEN 'EK MEIZONO$ 'EI$ 'ELATTON FAINOMENO$,
PRIN 'EI$ TO METAXU DOXEIEN 'ELQEIN, TOUTO D' 'EIH 'AN4
FANTASMA 'ISOTHTO$. 'EIKO$. 'OUKOU*N-KAI PRO$ 'ALLON 'OGKON
PERA$ 'ECWN, 'AUTO$ GE PRO$ "AUTON 'OUTE 'ARCHN 'OUTE PERA$
'OUTE MESON 'ECWN: PH*I DH: "OTI4 'AEI 'AUTWN "OTAN TI$ TI
LABHI6 THI DIANOIA\ "W$ TI TOUTWN 'ON, PRO TE TH$ 'ARCH$ 'ALLH
<P 165B>
'AEI FAINETAI 'ARCH, META TE THN TELEUTHN "ETE=RA "UPOLEIPOMENH
TELEUTH, 'EN TE TW*I MESWI 'A=LLA MESAI=TERA TOU* MESOU, SMIKRO=TERA
DE, DIA= TO MH DUNASQAI "ENO$ 'AUTWN "EKASTOU LAMBANESQAI,
"ATE 'OUK 'ONTO$ TOU* "ENO$. 'ALHQESTATA. QRUPTESQAI
DH 'OIMAI KERMATIZOMENON 'ANAGKH PAN TO 'ON, "O= 'AN4 TI$ LABHI6
THI DIANOIA\; 'OGKO$ GAR-POU 'ANEU "ENO$ 'AEI LAMBANOIT' 'AN4.
PANU MEN-'OUN. 'OUKOU*N TO GE TOIOUTON PORRWQEN MEN
<P 165C>
"ORWNTI KAI 'AMBLU "EN FAINESQAI 'ANAGKH, 'EGGUQEN DE-KAI 'OXU
NOOUNTI PLHQEI 'APEIRON "EN "EKASTON FANHNAI, 'EIPER STERETAI
TOU* "ENO$ MH 'ONTO$: 'ANAGKAIOTATON MEN-'OUN. "OUTW DH
'APEIRA TE-KAI PERA$ 'ECONTA KAI "EN KAI POLLA "EKASTA 'TALLA
DEI FAINESQAI, "EN 'EI MH 'ESTIN, 'TALLA DE TOU* "ENO$. DEI
GAR. 'OUKOU*N-KAI "O=MOIA TE-KAI 'ANO=MOIA DOXEI2 'EINAI: PH*I
DH: "OION 'ESKIAGRAFHMENA 'APOSTANTI MEN "EN PANTA FAINOMENA
'TAUTON FAINESQAI PEPONQENAI KAI "O=MOIA 'EINAI. PANU
<P 165D>
GE. PROSELQONTI DE-GE POLLA KAI "E=TERA KAI TW*I TOU* "ETEROU
FANTASMATI "ETEROI*A KAI 'ANO=MOIA "EAUTOI$. "OUTW. KAI
"OMOIOU$ DH-KAI 'ANOMOIOU$ TOU$ 'OGKOU$ 'AUTOU$ TE "AUTOI$
'ANAGKH FAINESQAI KAI 'ALLHLOI$. PANU MEN-'OUN. 'OUKOU*N-KAI
TOU$ 'AUTOU$ KAI "ETEROU$ 'ALLHLWN, KAI "APTOMENOU$ KAI
CWRI$ "EAUTWN, KAI KINOUMENOU$ PASA$ KINHSEI$ KAI "ESTWTA$
PANTHI, KAI GIGNOMENOU$ KAI 'APOLLUMENOU$ KAI MHDE=TERA, KAI
PANTA POU TA TOIAUTA, "A DIELQEIN 'EUPETE$ 'HDH "HMIN, 'EI "ENO$
<P 165E>
MH 'ONTO$ POLLA 'ESTIN. 'ALHQESTATA MEN-'OUN.
'ETI DH "APAX 'ELQONTE$ PALIN 'EPI THN 'ARCHN 'EIPWMEN, "EN
'EI MH 'ESTI, 'TALLA DE TOU* "ENO$, TI= CRH 'EINAI. 'EIPWMEN
GAR-'OUN. 'OUKOU*N "EN MEN 'OUK 'ESTAI 'TALLA. PW*$ GAR:
'OUDE-MHN POLLA GE; 'EN GAR POLLOI$ 'OUSIN 'ENEIH 'AN4 KAI "EN.
'EI GAR MHDEN 'AUTWN 'ESTIN "EN, "APANTA 'OUDEN 'ESTIN, "WSTE
'OUD' 'AN4 POLLA 'EIH. 'ALHQH. MH 'ENONTO$ DE "ENO$ 'EN TOI$
'ALLOI$, 'OUTE POLLA 'OUTE "EN 'ESTI 'TALLA. 'OU-GAR. 'OUDE-GE


<P 166A>
FAINETAI "EN 'OUDE POLLA. TI= DH: "OTI4 'TALLA TWN MH
'ONTWN0 'OUDENI 'OUDAMHI 'OUDAMW$ 'OUDEMIAN KOINWNIAN 'ECEI0, 'OUDE
TI TWN MH 'ONTWN0 PARA TWN 'ALLWN TWI 'ESTIN; 'OUDEN GAR
MERO$ 'ESTI TOI$ MH 'OUSIN. 'ALHQH. 'OUD'-'A=RA DOXA TOU*
MH 'ONTO$ PARA TOI$ 'ALLOI$ 'ESTIN 'OUDE TI FANTASMA, 'OUDE
DOXAZETAI 'OUDAMHI 'OUDAMW$ TO MH 'ON 'EPI TWN 'ALLWN. 'OU-GAR-'OUN.
"EN 'A=RA 'EI MH 'ESTIN, 'OUDE DOXAZETAI TI TWN
<P 166B>
'ALLWN "EN 'EINAI 'OUDE POLLA; 'ANEU GAR "ENO$ POLLA DOXASAI0
'ADUNATON. 'ADUNATON GAR. "EN 'A=RA 'EI MH 'ESTI, 'TALLA 'OUTE
'ESTIN 'OUTE DOXAZETAI "EN 'OUDE POLLA. 'OUK 'EOIKEN0. 'OUD'-'A=RA
"O=MOIA 'OUDE 'ANO=MOIA. 'OU-GAR. 'OUDE-MHN TA 'AUTA GE-'OUD'
"E=TERA, 'OUDE "APTOMENA 'OUDE CWRI$, 'OUDE 'A=LLA "OSA 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN
DIHLQOMEN "W$ FAINOMENA 'AUTA, TOUTWN 'OUTE TI 'ESTIN 'OUTE
FAINETAI 'TALLA, "EN 'EI MH 'ESTIN. 'ALHQH. 'OUKOU*N-KAI
<P 166C>
SULLHBDHN 'EI 'EIPOIMEN, "EN 'EI MH 'ESTIN, 'OUDEN 'ESTIN, 'ORQW$
'AN4 'EIPOIMEN: PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN. 'EIRHSQW TOINUN TOUTO
TE-KAI "OTI4, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "EN 'EI=T' 'ESTIN 'EI=TE MH 'ESTIN, 'AUTO TE-KAI
'TALLA KAI PRO$ "AUTA KAI PRO$ 'ALLHLA PANTA PANTW$ 'ESTI TE-KAI
'OUK 'ESTI KAI FAINETAI TE-KAI 'OU FAINETAI. 'ALHQESTATA.


<B QEAIT>


<P 142A>
EU ^ 'ARTI, 'W* TERYIWN, 'H= PALAI 'EX 'AGROU:
TER ^ 'EPIEIKW$ PALAI. KAI SE GE 'EZHTOUN KAT' 'AGORAN
KAI 'EQAUMAZON "OTI4 'OUC "OIO$-T'-'H*2 "EUREIN.
EU ^ 'OU-GAR 'H*2 KATA POLIN.
TER ^ POU* MHN:
EU ^ 'EI$ LIMENA KATABAINWN QEAITHTWI 'ENETUCON FEROMENWI
'EK KORINQOU 'APO TOU* STRATOPEDOU 'AQHNAZE.
TER ^ ZWNTI 'H= TETELEUTHKOTI:
<P 142B>
EU ^ ZWNTI KAI MALA MOLI$; CALEPW$ MEN-GAR 'ECEI0 KAI
"UPO TRAUMATWN TINWN, MALLON MHN 'AUTON "AIREI0 TO GEGONO$
NOSHMA 'EN TW*I STRATEUMATI.
TER ^ MWN "H DUSENTERIA:
EU ^ NAI.
TER ^ "OION 'ANDRA LEGEI$ 'EN KINDUNWI 'EINAI.
EU ^ KALON TE-KAI 'AGAQON, 'W* TERYIWN, 'EPEI TOI-KAI NU*N
'HKOUON TINWN MALA 'EGKWMIAZONTWN0 'AUTON PERI= THN MACHN.
TER ^ KAI 'OUDEN G' 'ATOPON, 'ALLA= POLU QAUMASTOTERON 'EI
<P 142C>
MH TOIOUTO$ 'H*N. 'ATAR PW*$ 'OUK 'AUTOU2 MEGAROI KATELUEN:
EU ^ 'HPEIGETO 'OIKADE; 'EPEI 'EGWG' 'EDEOMHN KAI SUNEBOULEUON,
'ALL' 'OUK 'HQELEN. KAI-DHTA PROPEMYA$ 'AUTON,
'APIWN PALIN 'ANEMNHSQHN KAI 'EQAUMASA SWKRATOU$ "W$ MANTIKW$
'A=LLA TE-DH 'EI*PE KAI PERI= TOUTOU. DOKEI0 GAR MOI
'OLIGON PRO TOU* QANATOU 'ENTUCEIN 'AUTWI MEIRAKIWI 'ONTI, KAI
SUGGENOMENO$ TE-KAI DIALECQEI$ PANU 'AGASQHNAI 'AUTOU4 THN
FUSIN. KAI MOI 'ELQONTI 'AQHNAZE TOU$ TE LOGOU$ "OU$ DIELECQH
<P 142D>
'AUTWI DIHGHSATO KAI MALA 'AXIOU$ 'AKOH$, 'EI*PE TE "OTI4
PASA 'ANAGKH 'EIH TOUTON 'ELLOGIMON GENESQAI, 'EIPER 'EI$
"HLIKIAN 'ELQOI.
TER ^ KAI 'ALHQH GE, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'EI*PEN. 'ATAR TI=NE$ 'HSAN
"OI LOGOI: 'ECOI$ 'AN4 DIHGHSASQAI:
EU ^ 'OU MA TON DI=A, 'OU=KOUN "OUTW GE 'APO STOMATO$;


<P 143A>
'ALL' 'EGRAYAMHN MEN TO=T' 'EUQU$ 'OIKAD' 'ELQWN "UPOMNHMATA,
"USTERON DE KATA SCOLHN 'ANAMIMNHISKOMENO$ 'EGRAFON, KAI
"OSAKI$ 'AQHNAZE 'AFIKOIMHN, 'EPANHRWTWN TON SWKRATH "O= MH
'EMEMNHMHN, KAI DEURO 'ELQWN 'EPHNORQOUMHN; "WSTE MOI SCEDON
TI PA$ "O LOGO$ GEGRAPTAI.
TER ^ 'ALHQH; 'HKOUSA SOU4 KAI PROTERON, KAI-MENTOI 'AEI
MELLWN KELEUSEIN 'EPIDEIXAI0 DIATETRIFA DEURO. 'ALLA= TI=
KWLUEI0 NU*N "HMA$ DIELQEIN: PANTW$ 'EGWGE KAI 'ANAPAUSASQAI
DEOMAI "W$ 'EX 'AGROU "HKWN.
<P 143B>
EU ^ 'ALLA=-MEN-DH-KAI 'AUTO$ MECRI 'ERINOU QEAITHTON
PROUPEMYA, "WSTE 'OUK 'AN4 'AHDW$ 'ANAPAUOIMHN. 'ALL' 'IWMEN,
KAI "HMIN "AMA 'ANAPAUOMENOI$ "O PAI$ 'ANAGNWSETAI.
TER ^ 'ORQW$ LEGEI$.
EU ^ TO MEN-DH BIBLION, 'W* TERYIWN, TOUTI; 'EGRAYAMHN
DE-DH "OUTWSI TON LOGON, 'OUK 'EMOI4 SWKRATH DIHGOUMENON "W$
DIHGEITO, 'ALLA= DIALEGOMENON "OI$ 'EFH DIALECQHNAI. 'EFH DE
TW*I TE GEWMETRHI QEODWRWI KAI TW*I QEAITHTWI. "INA 'OUN 'EN THI
<P 143C>
GRAFHI MH PARECOIEN PRAGMATA "AI METAXU TWN LOGWN DIHGHSEI$
PERI= "AUTOU TE "OPOTE LEGOI "O SWKRATH$, "OION KAI 'EGW 'EFHN 'H=
KAI 'EGW 'EIPON, 'H= 'AU PERI= TOU* 'APOKRINOMENOU "OTI4 SUNEFH
'H= 'OUC "WMOLOGEI, TOUTWN "ENEKA "W$ 'AUTON 'AUTOI$ DIALEGOMENON
'EGRAYA, 'EXELWN TA TOIAUTA.
TER ^ KAI 'OUDEN GE 'APO TROPOU, 'W* 'EUKLEIDH.
EU ^ 'ALLA=, PAI, LABE TO BIBLION KAI LEGE.
<P 143D>
SW ^ 'EI MEN TWN 'EN KURHNHI MALLON 'EKHDOMHN, 'W* QEODWRE,
TA 'EKEI 'AN4 SE KAI PERI= 'EKEINWN 'ANHRWTWN, 'EI TINE$
'AUTOQI PERI= GEWMETRIAN 'H= TINA 'ALLHN FILOSOFIAN 'EISI TWN
NEWN 'EPIMELEIAN POIOUMENOI; NU*N DE "HTTON GAR 'EKEINOU$ 'H=
TOUSDE FILW0, KAI MALLON 'EPIQUMW0 'EIDENAI TI=NE$ "HMIN TWN
NEWN 'EPIDOXOI GENESQAI 'EPIEIKEI$. TAUTA DH 'AUTO$ TE SKOPW0
KAQ' "OSON DUNAMAI, KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ 'ERWTW0 "OI$ 'AN4 "ORW3 TOU$
NEOU$ 'EQELONTA$ SUGGIGNESQAI. SOI4 DH 'OUK 'OLIGISTOI PLHSIAZOUSI0,
<P 143E>
KAI DIKAIW$; 'AXIO$ GAR TA TE 'A=LLA KAI GEWMETRIA$
"ENEKA. 'EI DH-'OUN TINI 'ENETUCE$ 'AXIWI LOGOU, "HDEW$ 'AN4
PUQOIMHN.
QEO ^ KAI-MHN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EMOI4 TE 'EIPEIN KAI SOI4
'AKOUSAI0 PANU 'AXION "OIWI "UMIN TWN POLITWN MEIRAKIWI 'ENTETUCHKA.
KAI 'EI MEN 'H*N KALO$, 'EFOBOUMHN 'AN4 SFO=DRA LEGEIN,
MH KAI TWI DOXW4 'EN 'EPIQUMIA\ 'AUTOU4 'EINAI. NU*N DE % KAI MH
MOI 'ACQOU % 'OUK 'ESTI KALO$, PROSEOIKE0 DE SOI4 THN TE SIMOTHTA
KAI TO 'EXW TWN 'OMMATWN; "HTTON DE 'H= SU TAUT' 'ECEI0.


<P 144A>
'ADEW$ DH LEGW0. 'EU GAR 'ISQI "OTI4 "WN DH PWPOTE 'ENETUCON %
KAI PANU POLLOI$ PEPLHSIAKA % 'OUDENA PW 'HISQOMHN "OUTW
QAUMASTW$ 'EU PEFUKOTA. TO GAR 'EUMAQH 'ONTA "W$ 'ALLWI
CALEPON PRA*ION 'AU 'EINAI DIAFERONTW$, KAI 'EPI TOUTOI$
'ANDREION PAR' "ONTINOUN, 'EGW MEN-'OUT' 'AN4 'WIOMHN GENESQAI
'OUTE "ORW0 GIGNOMENON; 'ALL' "OI TE 'OXEI$ "WSPER "OUTO$ KAI
'AGCINOI KAI MNHMONE$ "W$ TA POLLA KAI PRO$ TA$ 'ORGA$
'OXURROPOI 'EISI, KAI 'A\TTONTE$ FERONTAI "WSPER TA 'ANERMATISTA
<P 144B>
PLOIA, KAI MANIKWTEROI 'H= 'ANDREIOTEROI FUONTAI, "OI TE
'AU 'EMBRIQESTEROI NWQROI PW$ 'APANTWSI0 PRO$ TA$ MAQHSEI$
KAI LHQH$ GEMONTE$. "O DE "OUTW LEIW$ TE-KAI 'APTAISTW$
KAI 'ANUSIMW$ 'ERCETAI 'EPI TA$ MAQHSEI$ TE-KAI ZHTHSEI$
META POLLH$ PRA\OTHTO$, "OION 'ELAIOU "REUMA 'AYOFHTI "REONTO$,
"WSTE QAUMASAI0 TO THLIKOUTON 'ONTA "OUTW$ TAUTA
DIAPRATTESQAI.
SW _ 'EU 'AGGELLEI$. TI=NO$ DE-KAI 'ESTI TWN POLITWN:
QEO ^ 'AKHKOA MEN 'TOUNOMA, MNHMONEUW0 DE 'OU=. 'ALLA=-GAR
<P 144C>
'ESTI TWNDE TWN PROSIONTWN0 "O 'EN TW*I MESWI; 'ARTI GAR 'EN
TW*I 'EXW DROMWI 'HLEIFONTO "ETAIROI TE TINE$ "OUTOI 'AUTOU4 KAI
'AUTO$, NU*N DE MOI DOKOUSIN0 'ALEIYAMENOI DEURO 'IENAI. 'ALLA=
SKOPEI5 'EI GIGNWSKEI$ 'AUTON.
SW ^ GIGNWSKW0; "O TOU* SOUNIW$ 'EUFRONIOU 'ESTIN, KAI
PANU GE, 'W* FILE, 'ANDRO$ "OION KAI SU TOUTON DIHGHI0, KAI
'ALLW$ 'EUDOKIMOU, KAI-MENTOI-KAI 'OUSIAN MALA POLLHN
KATELIPEN. TO D' 'ONOMA 'OUK 'OIDA TOU* MEIRAKIOU.
<P 144D>
QEO ^ QEAITHTO$, 'W* SWKRATE$, TO GE 'ONOMA; THN MENTOI
'OUSIAN DOKOUSI0 MOI 'EPITROPOI TINE$ DIEFQARKENAI. 'ALL' "OMW$
KAI PRO$ THN TWN CRHMATWN 'ELEUQERIOTHTA QAUMASTO$, 'W*
SWKRATE$.
SW ^ GENNIKON LEGEI$ TON 'ANDRA. KAI MOI KELEUE 'AUTON
'ENQADE PARAKAQIZESQAI.
QEO ^ 'ESTAI TAUTA. QEAITHTE, DEURO PARA SWKRATH.
SW ^ PANU MEN-'OUN, 'W* QEAITHTE, "INA 'KAGW 'EMAUTON
'ANASKEYWMAI POI*ON TI 'ECW0 TO PROSWPON; FHSIN GAR QEODWRO$
<P 144E>
'ECEIN ME SOI4 "OMOION. 'ATAR 'EI NWIN 'ECONTOIN "EKATEROU
LURAN 'EFH 'AUTA$ "HRMOSQAI "OMOIW$, POTERON 'EUQU$ 'AN4
'EPISTEUOMEN 'H= 'EPESKEYAMEQ' 'AN4 'EI MOUSIKO$ 'WN LEGEI0:
QEAI ^ 'EPESKEYAMEQ' 'AN4.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N TOIOUTON MEN "EURONTE$ 'EPEIQOMEQ' 'AN4, 'AMOUSON
DE, 'HPISTOUMEN:
QEAI ^ 'ALHQH.
SW ^ NU*N DE-G', 'OIMAI, 'EI TI MELEI0 "HMIN TH$ TWN PROSWPWN


<P 145A>
"OMOIOTHTO$, SKEPTEON 'EI GRAFIKO$ 'WN LEGEI0 'H= 'OU=.
QEAI ^ DOKEI0 MOI.
SW ^ 'H*-'OUN ZWGRAFIKO$ QEODWRO$:
QEAI ^ 'OU=C, "OSON GE ME 'EIDENAI.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUDE GEWMETRIKO$:
QEAI ^ PANTW$ DHPOU, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ 'H*-KAI 'ASTRONOMIKO$ KAI LOGISTIKO$ TE-KAI MOUSIKO$
KAI "OSA PAIDEIA$ 'ECETAI:
QEAI ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW ^ 'EI MEN-'A=RA "HMA$ TOU* SWMATO$ TI "OMOIOU$ FHSIN
'EINAI 'EPAINWN PHI 'H= YEGWN, 'OU PANU 'AUTWI 'AXION TON NOUN
PROSECEIN.
QEAI ^ 'ISW$ 'OU=.
<P 145B>
SW ^ TI= D' 'EI POTEROU THN YUCHN 'EPAINOI PRO$ 'ARETHN
TE-KAI SOFIAN: 'A*R' 'OUK 'AXION TW*I MEN 'AKOUSANTI PROQUMEISQAI
'ANASKEYASQAI TON 'EPAINEQENTA, TW*I DE PROQUMW$ "EAUTON
'EPIDEIKNUNAI:
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ "WRA TOINUN, 'W* FILE QEAITHTE, SOI4 MEN 'EPIDEIKNUNAI,
'EMOI4 DE SKOPEISQAI; "W$ 'EU 'ISQI "OTI4 QEODWRO$ POLLOU$ DH
PRO$ ME 'EPAINESA$ XENOU$ TE-KAI 'ASTOU$ 'OUDENA PW 'EPHINESEN
"W$ SE NUNDH.
QEAI ^ 'EU 'AN4 'ECOI, 'W* SWKRATE$; 'ALL' "ORA MH PAIZWN
<P 145C>
'ELEGEN.
SW ^ 'OUC "OUTO$ "O TROPO$ QEODWROU; 'ALLA= MH 'ANADUOU
TA "WMOLOGHMENA SKHPTOMENO$ PAIZONTA LEGEIN TONDE, "INA MH
KAI 'ANAGKASQHI MARTUREIN % PANTW$ GAR 'OUDEI$ 'EPISKHYET'
'AUTWI % 'ALLA= QARRWN 'EMMENE THI "OMOLOGIA\.
QEAI ^ 'ALLA= CRH TAUTA POIEIN, 'EI SOI4 DOKEI0.
SW ^ LEGE DH MOI; MANQANEI$ POU PARA QEODWROU
GEWMETRIA$ 'ATTA:
QEAI ^ 'EGWGE.
<P 145D>
SW ^ KAI TWN PERI= 'ASTRONOMIAN TE-KAI "ARMONIA$ KAI
LOGISMOU$:
QEAI ^ PROQUMOUMAI GE-DH.
SW ^ KAI-GAR 'EGW, 'W* PAI, PARA TE TOUTOU KAI PAR'
'ALLWN "OU$ 'AN4 'OIWMAI TI TOUTWN 'EPAIEIN. 'ALL' "OMW$ TA
MEN 'A=LLA 'ECW0 PERI= 'AUTA METRIW$, MIKRON DE TI 'APORW0 "O=
META SOU4 TE-KAI TWNDE SKEPTEON. KAI MOI LEGE; 'A*R' 'OU TO
MANQANEIN 'ESTIN TO SOFWTERON GIGNESQAI PERI= "O= MANQANEI0
TI$:
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW ^ SOFIA\ DE-G' 'OIMAI SOFOI "OI SOFOI.
QEAI ^ NAI.
<P 145E>
SW ^ TOUTO DE-MWN DIAFEREI0 TI 'EPISTHMH$:
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON:
SW ^ "H SOFIA. 'H= 'OUC "APER 'EPISTHMONE$ TAUTA KAI
SOFOI:
QEAI ^ TI= MHN:
SW ^ 'TAUTON 'A=RA 'EPISTHMH KAI SOFIA:
QEAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ TOUT' 'AUTO TOINUN 'ESTIN "O= 'APORW0 KAI 'OU DUNAMAI
LABEIN "IKANW$ PAR' 'EMAUTWI, 'EPISTHMH "OTI2 POTE TUGCANEI0 'ON.


<P 146A>
'A*R'-'OUN-DH 'ECOMEN LEGEIN 'AUTO: TI= FATE0: TI=$ 'AN4 "HMWN
PRWTO$ 'EIPOI: "O DE "AMARTWN, KAI "O$ 'AN4 'AEI "AMARTANHI5,
KAQEDEITAI, "WSPER FASIN0 "OI PAIDE$ "OI SFAIRIZONTE$, 'ONO$; "O$
D' 'AN4 PERIGENHTAI 'ANAMARTHTO$, BASILEUSEI2 "HMWN KAI 'EPITAXEI2
"OTI2 'AN4 BOULHTAI 'APOKRINESQAI. TI= SIGATE0: 'OU TI POU, 'W*
QEODWRE, 'EGW "UPO FILOLOGIA$ 'AGROIKIZOMAI, PROQUMOUMENO$
"HMA$ POIHSAI0 DIALEGESQAI KAI FILOU$ TE-KAI PROSHGOROU$
'ALLHLOI$ GIGNESQAI:
<P 146B>
QEO ^ "HKISTA MEN, 'W* SWKRATE$, TO TOIOUTON 'AN4 'EIH
'AGROIKON, 'ALLA= TWN MEIRAKIWN TI KELEUE SOI4 'APOKRINESQAI;
'EGW MEN-GAR 'AHQH$ TH$ TOIAUTH$ DIALEKTOU, KAI-'OUD' 'AU
SUNEQIZESQAI "HLIKIAN 'ECW0. TOISDE DE PREPOI TE 'AN4 TOUTO
KAI POLU PLEON 'EPIDIDOIEN; TW*I GAR 'ONTI "H NEOTH$ 'EI$ PAN
'EPIDOSIN 'ECEI0. 'ALL', "WSPER 'HRXW, MH 'AFIESO TOU* QEAITHTOU
'ALL' 'ERWTA.
SW ^ 'AKOUEI$ DH, 'W* QEAITHTE, "A LEGEI0 QEODWRO$, "WI
<P 146C>
'APEIQEIN, "W$ 'EGW 'OIMAI, 'OUTE SU 'EQELHSEI$, 'OUTE QEMI$ PERI=
TA TOIAUTA 'ANDRI SOFWI 'EPITATTONTI NEWTERON 'APEIQEIN.
'ALL' 'EU KAI GENNAIW$ 'EIPE=; TI= SOI4 DOKEI0 'EINAI 'EPISTHMH:
QEAI ^ 'ALLA= CRH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EPEIDHPER "UMEI$ KELEUETE0.
PANTW$ GAR, 'AN2 TI KAI "AMARTW, 'EPANORQWSETE.
SW ^ PANU MEN-'OUN, 'ANPER2 GE "OIOI-TE-'WMEN.
QEAI ^ DOKEI0 TOINUN MOI KAI "A PARA QEODWROU 'AN4 TI$
MAQOI 'EPISTHMAI 'EINAI, GEWMETRIA TE-KAI "A$ NUNDH SU DIHLQE$,
<P 146D>
KAI 'AU SKUTOTOMIKH TE-KAI "AI TWN 'ALLWN DHMIOURGWN TECNAI,
PASAI TE-KAI "EKASTH TOUTWN, 'OUK 'ALLO TI 'H= 'EPISTHMH 'EINAI.
SW ^ GENNAIW$ GE-KAI FILODWRW$, 'W* FILE, "EN 'AITHQEI$
POLLA DIDW$ KAI POIKILA 'ANTI "APLOU.
QEAI ^ PW*$ TI= TOUTO LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW ^ 'ISW$ MEN 'OUDEN; "O= MENTOI 'OIMAI, FRASW2. "OTAN
LEGHI$ SKUTIKHN, MH TI 'ALLO FRAZEI$ 'H= 'EPISTHMHN "UPODHMATWN
'ERGASIA$:
QEAI ^ 'OUDEN.
<P 146E>
SW ^ TI= D' "OTAN TEKTONIKHN: MH TI 'ALLO 'H= 'EPISTHMHN TH$
TWN XULINWN SKEUWN 'ERGASIA$:
QEAI ^ 'OUDE TOUTO.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EN 'AMFOIN, "OU2 "EKATE=RA 'EPISTHMH, TOUTO
"ORIZEI$:
QEAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ TO DE-G' 'ERWTHQEN, 'W* QEAITHTE, 'OU TOUTO 'H*N, TI=NWN
"H 'EPISTHMH, 'OUDE "OPOSAI TINE$; 'OU-GAR 'ARIQMHSAI0 'AUTA$
BOULOMENOI 'HROMEQA 'ALLA= GNWNAI0 'EPISTHMHN 'AUTO "OTI2 POT'
'ESTIN. 'H= 'OUDEN LEGW0:
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN 'ORQW$.


<P 147A>
SW ^ SKEYAI DH-KAI TODE. 'EI TI$ "HMA$ TWN FAULWN TI
KAI PROCEIRWN 'EROITO, "OION PERI= PHLOU "OTI2 POT' 'ESTIN, 'EI
'APOKRINAIMEQA 'AUTWI PHLO$ "O TWN CUTREWN KAI PHLO$ "O TWN
'IPNOPLAQWN KAI PHLO$ "O TWN PLINQOURGWN, 'OUK 'AN4 GELOIOI
'EIMEN:
QEAI ^ 'ISW$.
SW ^ PRWTON MEN-GE-POU 'OIOMENOI SUNIENAI 'EK TH$ "HMETERA$
'APOKRISEW$ TON 'ERWTWNTA, "OTAN 'EIPWMEN PHLO$, 'EI=TE "O TWN
<P 147B>
KOROPLAQWN PROSQENTE$ 'EI=TE 'ALLWN "WNTINWNOUN DHMIOURGWN.
'H= 'OIEI TI$ TI SUNIHSIN TINO$ 'ONOMA, "O= MH 'OIDEN TI= 'ESTIN:
QEAI ^ 'OUDAMW$.
SW ^ 'OUD'-'A=RA 'EPISTHMHN "UPODHMATWN SUNIHSIN "O 'EPISTHMHN
MH 'EIDW$.
QEAI ^ 'OU-GAR.
SW ^ SKUTIKHN 'A=RA 'OU SUNIHSIN "O$ 'AN4 'EPISTHMHN 'AGNOHI5,
'OUDE TINA 'ALLHN TECNHN.
QEAI ^ 'ESTIN "OUTW$.
SW ^ GELOI=A 'A=RA "H 'APOKRISI$ TW*I 'ERWTHQENTI 'EPISTHMH TI=
'ESTIN, "OTAN 'APOKRINHTAI TECNH$ TINO$ 'ONOMA. TINO$ GAR
<P 147C>
'EPISTHMHN 'APOKRINETAI 'OU TOUT' 'ERWTHQEI$.
QEAI ^ 'EOIKEN0.
SW ^ 'EPEITA GE-POU 'EXON FAULW$ KAI BRACEW$ 'APOKRINASQAI
PERIERCETAI 'APERANTON "ODON. "OION KAI 'EN THI TOU*
PHLOU 'ERWTHSEI FAULON POU-KAI "APLOUN 'EIPEIN "OTI4 GH "UGRWI
FURAQEISA PHLO$ 'AN4 'EIH, TO D' "OTOU 'EA*N CAIREIN.
QEAI ^ "RA\DION, 'W* SWKRATE$, NU*N GE "OUTW FAINETAI; 'ATAR
KINDUNEUEI$ 'ERWTAN "OION KAI 'AUTOI$-"HMIN 'ENAGCO$ 'EISHLQE
<P 147D>
DIALEGOMENOI$, 'EMOI4 TE-KAI TW*I SWI "OMWNUMWI TOUTWI SWKRATEI.
SW ^ TO POI*ON DH, 'W* QEAITHTE:
QEAI ^ PERI= DUNAMEWN TI "HMIN QEODWRO$ "ODE 'EGRAFE, TH$
TE TRIPODO$ PE=RI KAI PENTEPODO$ 'APOFAINWN8 "OTI4 MHKEI 'OU
SUMMETROI THI PODIAIA\, KAI "OUTW KATA MIAN "EKASTHN PROAIROUMENO$
MECRI TH$ "EPTAKAIDEKAPODO$; 'EN DE TAUTHI PW$ 'ENESCETO.
"HMIN 'OUN 'EISHLQE TI TOIOUTON, 'EPEIDH 'APEIROI TO PLHQO$ "AI
DUNAMEI$ 'EFAINONTO, PEIRAQHNAI SULLABEIN 'EI$ "EN, "OTWI PASA$
<P 147E>
TAUTA$ PROSAGOREUSOMEN TA$ DUNAMEI$.
SW ^ 'H*-KAI "HURETE TI TOIOUTON:
QEAI ^ 'EMOIGE DOKOUMEN; SKOPEI5 DE-KAI SU.
SW ^ LEGE.
QEAI ^ TON 'ARIQMON PANTA DICA DIELABOMEN; TON MEN
DUNAMENON 'ISON 'ISAKI$ GIGNESQAI TW*I TETRAGWNWI TO SCHMA
'APEIKASANTE$ TETRAGWNON TE-KAI 'ISOPLEURON PROSEIPOMEN.
SW ^ KAI 'EU GE.
QEAI ^ TON TOINUN METAXU TOUTOU, "WN KAI TA TRIA KAI


<P 148A>
TA PENTE KAI PA$ "O$ 'ADUNATO$ 'ISO$ 'ISAKI$ GENESQAI, 'ALL'-'H=
PLEIWN 'ELATTONAKI$ 'H= 'ELATTWN PLEONAKI$ GIGNETAI, MEIZWN
DE-KAI 'ELATTWN 'AEI PLEURA 'AUTON PERILAMBANEI0, TW*I PROMHKEI
'AU SCHMATI 'APEIKASANTE$ PROMHKH 'ARIQMON 'EKALESAMEN.
SW ^ KALLISTA. 'ALLA= TI= TO META TOUTO:
QEAI ^ "OSAI MEN GRAMMAI TON 'ISOPLEURON KAI 'EPIPEDON
'ARIQMON TETRAGWNIZOUSI0, MHKO$ "WRISAMEQA, "OSAI DE TON "ETEROMHKH,
<P 148B>
DUNAMEI$, "W$ MHKEI MEN 'OU SUMMETROU$ 'EKEINAI$, TOI$ D'
'EPIPEDOI$ "A DUNANTAI. KAI PERI= TA STEREA 'ALLO TOIOUTON.
SW ^ 'ARISTA G' 'ANQRWPWN, 'W* PAIDE$; "WSTE MOI DOKEI0 "O
QEODWRO$ 'OUK 'ENOCO$ TOI$ YEUDOMARTURIOI$ 'ESESQAI.
QEAI ^ KAI-MHN, 'W* SWKRATE$, "O= GE 'ERWTA*I$0 PERI= 'EPISTHMH$
'OUK 'AN4 DUNAIMHN 'APOKRINASQAI "WSPER PERI= TOU*
MHKOU$ TE-KAI TH$ DUNAMEW$. KAITOI SU GE MOI DOKEI$ TOIOUTON
TI ZHTEIN; "WSTE PALIN 'AU FAINETAI YEUDH$ "O QEODWRO$.
<P 148C>
SW ^ TI= DE: 'EI SE PRO$ DROMON 'EPAINWN MHDENI "OUTW
DROMIKWI 'EFH TWN NEWN 'ENTETUCHKENAI, 'EITA DIAQEWN TOU*
'AKMAZONTO$ KAI TACISTOU "HTTHQH$, "HTTON TI 'AN4 'OIEI 'ALHQH
TOND' 'EPAINESAI0:
QEAI ^ 'OUK 'EGWGE.
SW ^ 'ALLA= THN 'EPISTHMHN, "WSPER NUNDH 'EGW 'ELEGON,
SMIKRON TI 'OIEI 'EINAI 'EXEUREIN KAI 'OU TWN PANTHI 'AKRWN:
QEAI ^ NH TON DI=' 'EGWGE KAI MALA GE TWN 'AKROTATWN.
SW ^ QARREI5 TOINUN PERI= SAUTWI KAI TI 'OIOU QEODWRON
<P 148D>
LEGEIN, PROQUMHQHTI DE PANTI TROPWI TWN TE 'ALLWN PE=RI KAI
'EPISTHMH$ LABEIN LOGON TI= POTE TUGCANEI0 'ON.
QEAI ^ PROQUMIA$ MEN "ENEKA, 'W* SWKRATE$, FANEITAI.
SW ^ 'IQI DH % KALW$ GAR 'ARTI "UFHGHSW % PEIRW5 MIMOUMENO$
THN PERI= TWN DUNAMEWN 'APOKRISIN, "WSPER TAUTA$
POLLA$ 'OUSA$ "ENI 'EIDEI PERIELABE$, "OUTW KAI TA$ POLLA$
'EPISTHMA$ "ENI LOGWI PROSEIPEIN.
<P 148E>
QEAI ^ 'ALL' 'EU 'ISQI, 'W* SWKRATE$, POLLAKI$ DH 'AUTO
'EPECEIRHSA SKEYASQAI, 'AKOUWN TA$ PARA SOU4 'APOFEROMENA$
'ERWTHSEI$. 'ALLA=-GAR-'OUT' 'AUTO$ DUNAMAI PEISAI0 'EMAUTON "W$
"IKANW$ TI LEGW0 'OUT' 'ALLOU 'AKOUSAI0 LEGONTO$ "OUTW$ "W$ SU DIAKELEUHI0,
'OU-MEN-DH 'AU 'OUD' 'APALLAGHNAI TOU* MELEIN.
SW ^ 'WDINEI$ GAR, 'W* FILE QEAITHTE, DIA= TO MH KENO$
'ALL' 'EGKUMWN 'EINAI.
QEAI ^ 'OUK 'OIDA, 'W* SWKRATE$; "O= MENTOI PEPONQA LEGW0.


<P 149A>
SW ^ 'EITA, 'W* KATAGELASTE, 'OUK 'AKHKOA$ "W$ 'EGW 'EIMI "UO$
MAIA$ MALA GENNAIA$ TE-KAI BLOSURA$, FAINARETH$:
QEAI ^ 'HDH TOUTO GE 'HKOUSA.
SW ^ 'A*RA-KAI "OTI4 'EPITHDEUW0 THN 'AUTHN TECNHN 'AKHKOA$:
QEAI ^ 'OUDAMW$.
SW ^ 'ALL' 'EU 'ISQ' "OTI4; MH-MENTOI MOU KATEIPHI$ PRO$ TOU$
'ALLOU$. LELHQA GAR, 'W* "ETAIRE, TAUTHN 'ECWN THN TECNHN;
"OI DE, "ATE 'OUK 'EIDOTE$, TOUTO MEN 'OU LEGOUSI0 PERI= 'EMOU4, "OTI4
DE 'ATOPWTATO$ 'EIMI KAI POIW0 TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ 'APOREIN. 'H*-KAI
TOUTO 'AKHKOA$:
<P 149B>
QEAI ^ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ 'EIPW 'OUN SOI4 TO 'AITION:
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ 'ENNOHSON2 DH TO PERI= TA$ MAIA$ "APAN "W$ 'ECEI0, KAI
"RA*ION MAQHSHI2 "O= BOULOMAI. 'OISQA GAR-POU "W$ 'OUDEMIA 'AUTWN
'ETI 'AUTH KUISKOMENH TE-KAI TIKTOUSA 'ALLA$ MAIEUETAI, 'ALL'
"AI 'HDH 'ADUNATOI TIKTEIN.
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ 'AITIAN DE-GE TOUTOU FASIN0 'EINAI THN 'ARTEMIN, "OTI4
'ALOCO$ 'OUSA THN LOCEIAN 'EILHCE0. STERIFAI$ MEN-'OUN-'A=RA
<P 149C>
'OUK 'EDWKE MAIEUESQAI, "OTI4 "H 'ANQRWPINH FUSI$ 'ASQENESTE=RA 'H=
LABEIN TECNHN "WN 'AN4 'HI 'APEIRO$; TAI$ DE DI' "HLIKIAN 'ATOKOI$
PROSETAXE TIMWSA THN "AUTH$ "OMOIOTHTA.
QEAI ^ 'EIKO$.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TODE 'EIKO$ TE-KAI 'ANAGKAION, TA$
KUOUSA$ KAI MH GIGNWSKESQAI MALLON "UPO TWN MAIWN 'H= TWN
'ALLWN:
QEAI ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ KAI-MHN-KAI DIDOUSAI GE "AI MAIAI FARMAKIA KAI
<P 149D>
'EPA\DOUSAI DUNANTAI 'EGEIREIN TE TA$ 'WDINA$ KAI MALQAKWTERA$
'AN2 BOULWNTAI POIEIN, KAI TIKTEIN TE-DH TA$ DUSTOKOUSA$,
KAI 'EA=N NEON88 'ON88 DOXHI6 'AMBLISKEIN, 'AMBLISKOUSIN0:
QEAI ^ 'ESTI TAUTA.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN 'ETI KAI TODE 'AUTWN 'HISQHSAI, "OTI4 KAI
PROMNHSTRIAI 'EISI DEINOTATAI, "W$ PASSOFOI 'OUSAI PERI= TOU*
GNWNAI0 POI=AN CRH POI=WI 'ANDRI SUNOUSAN "W$ 'ARISTOU$ PAIDA$
TIKTEIN:
QEAI ^ 'OU PANU TOUTO 'OIDA.
SW ^ 'ALL' 'ISQ' "OTI4 'EPI TOUTWI MEIZON FRONOUSIN0 'H= 'EPI
<P 149E>
THI 'OMFALHTOMIA\. 'ENNOEI5 GAR; TH$ 'AUTH$ 'H= 'ALLH$ 'OIEI
TECNH$ 'EINAI QERAPEIAN TE-KAI SUGKOMIDHN TWN 'EK GH$
KARPWN KAI 'AU TO GIGNWSKEIN 'EI$ POI=AN GHN POI*ON FUTON
TE-KAI SPERMA KATABLHTEON:
QEAI ^ 'OU=K, 'ALLA= TH$ 'AUTH$.
SW ^ 'EI$ GUNAIKA DE, 'W* FILE, 'ALLHN MEN 'OIEI TOU*
TOIOUTOU, 'ALLHN DE SUGKOMIDH$:
QEAI ^ 'OU=KOUN 'EIKO$ GE.


<P 150A>
SW ^ 'OU-GAR. 'ALLA= DIA= THN 'ADIKON TE-KAI 'ATECNON
SUNAGWGHN 'ANDRO$ KAI GUNAIKO$, "HI DH PROAGWGIA 'ONOMA,
FEUGOUSI0 KAI THN PROMNHSTIKHN "ATE SEMNAI 'OUSAI "AI MAIAI,
FOBOUMENAI MH 'EI$ 'EKEINHN THN 'AITIAN DIA= TAUTHN 'EMPESWSIN;
'EPEI TAI$ GE 'ONTW$ MAIAI$ MONAI$ POU PROSHKEI0 KAI PROMNHSASQAI
'ORQW$.
QEAI ^ FAINETAI.
SW ^ TO MEN-TOINUN TWN MAIWN TOSOUTON, 'ELATTON DE
TOU* 'EMOU2 DRAMATO$. 'OU-GAR PROSESTI GUNAIXIN 'ENIOTE MEN
<P 150B>
'EIDWLA TIKTEIN, 'ESTI D' "OTE 'ALHQINA, TOUTO DE MH "RA\DION
'EINAI DIAGNWNAI0. 'EI GAR PROSHN, MEGISTON TE-KAI KALLISTON
'ERGON 'H*N 'AN4 TAI$ MAIAI$ TO KRINEIN0 TO 'ALHQE$ TE-KAI MH; 'H=
'OUK 'OIEI:
QEAI ^ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ THI DE-G' 'EMHI TECNHI TH$ MAIEUSEW$ TA MEN 'A=LLA
"UPARCEI0 "OSA 'EKEINAI$, DIAFEREI0 DE TW*I TE 'ANDRA$ 'ALLA= MH
GUNAIKA$ MAIEUESQAI KAI TW*I TA$ YUCA$ 'AUTWN TIKTOUSA$
'EPISKOPEIN 'ALLA= MH TA SWMATA. MEGISTON DE TOUT' 'ENI
<P 150C>
THI "HMETERA\ TECNHI, BASANIZEIN DUNATON 'EINAI PANTI TROPWI
POTERON 'EIDWLON KAI YEUDO$ 'APOTIKTEI0 TOU* NEOU "H DIANOIA
'H= GONIMON TE-KAI 'ALHQE$. 'EPEI TODE GE-KAI 'EMOI4 "UPARCEI0
"OPER TAI$ MAIAI$; 'AGONO$ 'EIMI SOFIA$, KAI "OPER 'HDH POLLOI
MOI 'WNEIDISAN, "W$ TOU$ MEN 'ALLOU$ 'ERWTW0, 'AUTO$ DE 'OUDEN
'APOFAINOMAI PERI= 'OUDENO$ DIA= TO MHDEN 'ECEIN SOFON, 'ALHQE$
'ONEIDIZOUSIN0. TO DE 'AITION TOUTOU TODE; MAIEUESQAI ME "O
QEO$ 'ANAGKAZEI0, GENNAN DE 'APEKWLUSEN. 'EIMI DH-'OUN 'AUTO$
<P 150D>
MEN 'OU PANU TI SOFO$, 'OUDE TI MOI 'ESTIN "EURHMA TOIOUTON
GEGONO$ TH$ 'EMH$ YUCH$ 'EKGONON; "OI D' 'EMOI4 SUGGIGNOMENOI
TO MEN PRWTON FAINONTAI 'ENIOI MEN-KAI PANU 'AMAQEI$, PANTE$
DE PROIOUSH$ TH$ SUNOUSIA$, "OISPER 'AN4 "O QEO$ PAREIKHI5,
QAUMASTON "OSON 'EPIDIDONTE$, "W$ "AUTOI$ TE-KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$
DOKOUSI0; KAI TOUTO 'ENARGE$ "OTI4 PAR' 'EMOU4 'OUDEN PWPOTE
MAQONTE$, 'ALL' 'AUTOI PAR' "AUTWN POLLA KAI KALA "EURONTE$
TE-KAI TEKONTE$. TH$ MENTOI MAIEIA$ "O QEO$ TE-KAI 'EGW
<P 150E>
'AITIO$. "WDE DE DHLON; POLLOI 'HDH TOUTO 'AGNOHSANTE$ KAI
"EAUTOU$ 'AITIASAMENOI, 'EMOU4 DE KATAFRONHSANTE$, 'H= 'AUTOI 'H=
"UP' 'ALLWN PEISQENTE$ 'APHLQON PRWIAITERON TOU* DEONTO$,
'APELQONTE$ DE TA TE LOIPA 'EXHMBLWSAN DIA= PONHRAN
SUNOUSIAN KAI TA "UP' 'EMOU4 MAIEUQENTA KAKW$ TREFONTE$
'APWLESAN, YEUDH KAI 'EIDWLA PERI= PLEIONO$ POIHSAMENOI
TOU* 'ALHQOU$, TELEUTWNTE$ D' "AUTOI$ TE-KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$


<P 151A>
'EDOXAN 'AMAQEI$ 'EINAI. "WN "EI$ GEGONEN0 'ARISTEIDH$ "O LUSIMACOU
KAI 'ALLOI PANU POLLOI; "OU$, "OTAN PALIN 'ELQWSI
DEOMENOI TH$ 'EMH$ SUNOUSIA$ KAI QAUMASTA DRWNTE$, 'ENIOI$
MEN TO GIGNOMENON MOI DAIMONION 'APOKWLUEI0 SUNEINAI, 'ENIOI$
DE 'EA*I0 KAI PALIN "OUTOI 'EPIDIDOASI. PASCOUSI0 DE-DH "OI 'EMOI4
SUGGIGNOMENOI KAI TOUTO 'TAUTON TAI$ TIKTOUSAI$; 'WDINOUSI0
GAR-KAI 'APORIA$ 'EMPIMPLANTAI NUKTA$ TE-KAI "HMERA$ POLU
MALLON 'H= 'KEINAI; TAUTHN DE THN 'WDINA 'EGEIREIN TE-KAI
<P 151B>
'APOPAUEIN "H 'EMH TECNH DUNATAI. KAI "OUTOI MEN-DH "OUTW$.
'ENIOI$ DE, 'W* QEAITHTE, "OI= 'AN4 MOI MH DOXWSI PW$ 'EGKUMONE$
'EINAI, GNOU$ "OTI4 'OUDEN 'EMOU4 DEONTAI, PANU 'EUMENW$ PROMNWMAI0
KAI, SUN QEWI 'EIPEIN, PANU "IKANW$ TOPAZW0 "OI$ 'AN4 SUGGENOMENOI
'ONAINTO; "WN POLLOU$ MEN-DH 'EXEDWKA PRODIKWI POLLOU$
DE 'ALLOI$ SOFOI$ TE-KAI QESPESIOI$ 'ANDRASI. TAUTA DH
SOI4, 'W* 'ARISTE, "ENEKA TOUDE 'EMHKUNA; "UPOPTEUW0 SE, "WSPER
KAI 'AUTO$ 'OIEI, 'WDINEIN TI KUOUNTA 'ENDON. PROSFEROU 'OUN
<P 151C>
PRO$ ME "W$ PRO$ MAIA$ "UON KAI 'AUTON MAIEUTIKON, KAI "A 'AN4
'ERWTW3 PROQUMOU "OPW$ "OIO$-T'-'EI* "OUTW$ 'APOKRINASQAI; KAI
'EA=N 'A=RA SKOPOUMENO$ TI "WN 'AN4 LEGHI$ "HGHSWMAI 'EIDWLON
KAI MH 'ALHQE$, 'EITA "UPEXAIRWMAI KAI 'APOBALLW3, MH 'AGRIAINE
"WSPER "AI PRWTOTOKOI PERI= TA PAIDIA. POLLOI GAR 'HDH,
'W* QAUMASIE, PRO$ ME "OUTW DIETEQHSAN, "WSTE 'ATECNW$ DAKNEIN
"ETOIMOI 'EINAI, 'EPEIDAN TINA LHRON 'AUTWN 'AFAIRWMAI, KAI 'OUK
'OIONTAI ME 'EUNOIA\ TOUTO POIEIN, PORRW 'ONTE$ TOU* 'EIDENAI "OTI4
<P 151D>
'OUDEI$ QEO$ DUSNOU$ 'ANQRWPOI$, 'OUD' 'EGW DUSNOIA\ TOIOUTON
'OUDEN DRW0, 'ALLA= MOI YEUDO$ TE SUGCWRHSAI0 KAI 'ALHQE$
'AFANISAI0 'OUDAMW$ QEMI$. PALIN DH-'OUN 'EX 'ARCH$, 'W*
QEAITHTE, "OTI2 POT' 'ESTIN 'EPISTHMH, PEIRW5 LEGEIN; "W$ D' 'OUC
"OIO$-T'-'EI*, MHDEPOT' 'EIPHI$. 'EA=N GAR QEO$ 'EQELHI5 KAI 'ANDRIZHI3,
"OIO$-T'-'ESHI2.
QEAI ^ 'ALLA=-MENTOI, 'W* SWKRATE$, SOU4 GE "OUTW PARAKELEUOMENOU
'AISCRON MH 'OU PANTI TROPWI PROQUMEISQAI "OTI2
<P 151E>
TI$ 'ECEI0 LEGEIN. DOKEI0 'OUN MOI "O 'EPISTAMENO$ TI 'AISQANESQAI
TOUTO "O= 'EPISTATAI, KAI "W$ GE NUNI FAINETAI, 'OUK 'ALLO TI
'ESTIN 'EPISTHMH 'H= 'AISQHSI$.
SW ^ 'EU GE-KAI GENNAIW$, 'W* PAI; CRH GAR "OUTW$ 'APOFAINOMENON
LEGEIN. 'ALLA= FERE DH 'AUTO KOINHI SKEYWMEQA,
GONIMON 'H= 'ANEMIAION TUGCANEI0 'ON. 'AISQHSI$, FH=I$, 'EPISTHMH:
QEAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ KINDUNEUEI$ MENTOI LOGON 'OU FAULON 'EIRHKENAI PERI=


<P 152A>
'EPISTHMH$, 'ALL' "ON 'ELEGE KAI PRWTAGORA$. TROPON DE TINA
'ALLON 'EIRHKE0 TA 'AUTA TAUTA. FHSI GAR-POU PANTWN9
CRHMATWN9 METRON9 'ANQRWPON9 'EINAI9, TWN9 MEN9 'ONTWN90 "W$9 'ESTI9,
TWN9 DE9 MH9 'ONTWN90 "W$9 'OUK9 'ESTIN9. 'ANEGNWKA$ GAR-POU:
QEAI ^ 'ANEGNWKA KAI POLLAKI$.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N "OUTW PW$ LEGEI0, "W$ "OI*A MEN "EKASTA 'EMOI4
FAINETAI TOIAUTA MEN 'ESTIN 'EMOI4, "OI*A DE SOI4, TOIAUTA DE 'AU
SOI4; 'ANQRWPO$ DE SU TE 'KAGW:
QEAI ^ LEGEI0 GAR-'OUN "OUTW.
<P 152B>
SW ^ 'EIKO$ MENTOI SOFON 'ANDRA MH LHREIN; 'EPAKOLOUQHSWMEN
'OUN 'AUTWI. 'A*R' 'OUK 'ENIOTE PNEONTO$ 'ANEMOU TOU* 'AUTOU4
"O MEN "HMWN "RIGWI0, "O D' 'OU=: KAI "O MEN 'HREMA, "O DE SFO=DRA:
QEAI ^ KAI MALA.
SW ^ POTERON 'OUN TO=TE 'AUTO 'EF' "EAUTOU TO PNEUMA
YUCRON 'H= 'OU YUCRON FHSOMEN: 'H= PEISOMEQA TW*I PRWTAGORA\
"OTI4 TW*I MEN "RIGWNTI YUCRON, TW*I DE MH 'OU=:
QEAI ^ 'EOIKEN0.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI FAINETAI "OUTW "EKATERWI:
QEAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ TO DE-GE FAINETAI 'AISQANESQAI 'ESTIN:
QEAI ^ 'ESTIN GAR.
<P 152C>
SW ^ FANTASIA 'A=RA-KAI 'AISQHSI$ 'TAUTON 'EN TE QERMOI$
KAI PASI TOI$ TOIOUTOI$. "OI*A GAR 'AISQANETAI "EKASTO$,
TOIAUTA "EKASTWI KAI KINDUNEUEI0 'EINAI.
QEAI ^ 'EOIKEN0.
SW ^ 'AISQHSI$ 'A=RA TOU* 'ONTO$ 'AEI 'ESTIN KAI 'AYEUDE$ "W$
'EPISTHMH 'OUSA.
QEAI ^ FAINETAI.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN PRO$ CARITWN PASSOFO$ TI$ 'H*N "O PRWTAGORA$,
KAI TOUTO "HMIN MEN 'HINIXATO TW*I POLLWI SURFETWI,
TOI$ DE MAQHTAI$ 'EN 'APORRHTWI THN 'ALHQEIAN 'ELEGEN:
<P 152D>
QEAI ^ PW*$ DH, 'W* SWKRATE$, TOUTO LEGEI$:
SW ^ 'EGW 'ERW2 KAI MAL' 'OU FAULON LOGON, "W$ 'A=RA "EN
MEN 'AUTO KAQ' "AUTO 'OUDEN 'ESTIN, 'OUD' 'AN4 TI PROSEIPOI$
'ORQW$ 'OUD' "OPOIONOUN TI, 'ALL' 'EA=N "W$ MEGA PROSAGOREUHI$,
KAI SMIKRON FANEITAI, KAI 'EA=N BARU, KOUFON, SUMPANTA TE
"OUTW$, "W$ MHDENO$ 'ONTO$ "ENO$ MHTE TINO$ MHTE "OPOIOUOUN;
'EK DE-DH FORA$ TE-KAI KINHSEW$ KAI KRASEW$ PRO$ 'ALLHLA
GIGNETAI PANTA "A DH FAMEN 'EINAI, 'OUK 'ORQW$ PROSAGOREUONTE$;
<P 152E>
'ESTI MEN-GAR 'OUDEPOT' 'OUDEN, 'AEI DE GIGNETAI.
KAI PERI= TOUTOU PANTE$ "EXH$ "OI SOFOI PLHN PARMENIDOU
SUMFERESQWN, PRWTAGORA$ TE-KAI "HRAKLEITO$ KAI 'EMPEDOKLH$,
KAI TWN POIHTWN "OI 'AKROI TH$ POIHSEW$ "EKATERA$,
KWMWIDIA$ MEN 'EPICARMO$, TRAGWIDIA$ DE "OMHRO$, "O$7
'EIPWN %
'WKEANON9 TE9 QEWN9 GENESIN9 KAI9 MHTERA9 THQUN9
PANTA 'EIRHKEN0 'EKGONA "ROH$ TE-KAI KINHSEW$; 'H= 'OU DOKEI0
TOUTO LEGEIN:
QEAI ^ 'EMOIGE.


<P 153A>
SW ^ TI=$ 'OUN 'AN4 'ETI PRO$ GE TOSOUTON STRATOPEDON KAI
STRATHGON "OMHRON DUNAITO 'AMFISBHTHSA$ MH 'OU KATAGELASTO$
GENESQAI:
QEAI ^ 'OU "RA\DION, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ 'OU-GAR, 'W* QEAITHTE. 'EPEI KAI TADE TW*I LOGWI
SHMEIA "IKANA, "OTI4 TO MEN 'EINAI DOKOUN KAI TO GIGNESQAI
KINHSI$ PARECEI0, TO DE MH 'EINAI KAI 'APOLLUSQAI "HSUCIA; TO
GAR QERMON TE-KAI PUR, "O= DH-KAI 'TALLA GENNA*I0 KAI 'EPITROPEUEI0,
'AUTO GENNATAI0 'EK FORA$ KAI TRIYEW$; TOUTW DE
KINHSEI$. 'H= 'OUC "AUTAI GENESEI$ PURO$:
<P 153B>
QEAI ^ "AUTAI MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ KAI-MHN TO GE TWN ZWIWN GENO$ 'EK TWN 'AUTWN
TOUTWN FUETAI.
QEAI ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
SW ^ TI= DE: "H TWN SWMATWN "EXI$ 'OUC "UPO "HSUCIA$ MEN-KAI
'ARGIA$ DIOLLUTAI, "UPO GUMNASIWN DE-KAI KINHSEW$ 'EPI
POLU SWIZETAI:
QEAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ "H D' 'EN THI YUCHI "EXI$ 'OUC "UPO MAQHSEW$ MEN-KAI
MELETH$, KINHSEWN 'ONTWN0, KTATAI0 TE MAQHMATA KAI SWIZETAI
KAI GIGNETAI BELTIWN, "UPO D' "HSUCIA$, 'AMELETHSIA$ TE-KAI
<P 153C>
'AMAQIA$ 'OUSH$, 'OUTE TI MANQANEI0 "A TE 'AN4 MAQHI6 'EPILANQANETAI:
QEAI ^ KAI MALA.
SW ^ TO MEN-'A=RA 'AGAQON KINHSI$ KATA TE YUCHN KAI
KATA SWMA, TO DE 'TOUNANTION:
QEAI ^ 'EOIKEN0.
SW ^ 'ETI 'OUN SOI4 LEGW3 NHNEMIA$ TE-KAI GALHNA$ KAI
"OSA TOIAUTA, "OTI4 "AI MEN "HSUCIAI SHPOUSI0 KAI 'APOLLUASI,
TA D' "E=TERA SWIZEI0: KAI 'EPI TOUTOI$ TON KOLOFWNA, 'ANAGKAZW83
PROSBIBAZW3 THN CRUSHN SEIRAN "W$ 'OUDEN 'ALLO 'H= TON "HLION
<P 153D>
"OMHRO$ LEGEI0, KAI DHLOI0 "OTI4 "EW$ MEN 'AN4 "H PERIFORA 'HI
KINOUMENH KAI "O "HLIO$, PANTA 'ESTI KAI SWIZETAI TA 'EN QEOI$
TE-KAI 'ANQRWPOI$, 'EI DE STAIH TOUTO "WSPER DEQEN, PANTA
CRHMAT' 'AN4 DIAFQAREIH KAI GENOIT' 'AN4 TO LEGOMENON 'ANW
KATW PANTA:
QEAI ^ 'ALL' 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, TAUTA DHLOUN0
"APER LEGEI$.
SW ^ "UPOLABE TOINUN, 'W* 'ARISTE, "OUTWSI; KATA TA
'OMMATA PRWTON, "O= DH KALEI$0 CRWMA LEUKON, MH 'EINAI 'AUTO
"ETERON TI 'EXW TWN SWN 'OMMATWN MHD' 'EN TOI$ 'OMMASI MHDE
<P 153E>
TIN' 'AUTWI CWRAN 'APOTAXHI$; 'HDH GAR 'AN4 'EIH TE-DHPOU 'EN
TAXEI KAI MENON KAI 'OUK 'AN4 'EN GENESEI GIGNOITO.
QEAI ^ 'ALLA= PW*$:
SW ^ "EPWMEQA TW*I 'ARTI LOGWI, MHDEN 'AUTO KAQ' "AUTO "EN
'ON TIQENTE$; KAI "HMIN "OUTW MELAN TE-KAI LEUKON KAI "OTIOUN
'ALLO CRWMA 'EK TH$ PROSBOLH$ TWN 'OMMATWN PRO$ THN
PROSHKOUSAN FORAN FANEITAI GEGENHMENON, KAI "O= DH "EKASTON


<P 154A>
'EINAI FAMEN CRWMA 'OUTE TO PROSBALLON 'OUTE TO PROSBALLOMENON
'ESTAI, 'ALLA= METAXU TI "EKASTWI 'IDION GEGONO$; 'H=
SU DIISCURISAIO 'AN4 "W$ "OION SOI4 FAINETAI "EKASTON CRWMA,
TOIOUTON KAI KUNI KAI "OTWIOUN ZWIWI:
QEAI ^ MA DI=' 'OUK 'EGWGE.
SW ^ TI= DE: 'ALLWI 'ANQRWPWI 'A*R' "OMOION KAI SOI4 FAINETAI
"OTIOUN: 'ECEI$ TOUTO 'ISCURW$, 'H= POLU MALLON "OTI4 'OUDE SOI4
'AUTWI 'TAUTON DIA= TO MHDEPOTE "OMOIW$ 'AUTON SEAUTWI 'ECEIN:
QEAI ^ TOUTO MALLON MOI DOKEI0 'H= 'EKEINO.
<P 154B>
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EI MEN "WI PARAMETROUMEQA 'H= "OU2 'EFAPTOMEQA
MEGA 'H= LEUKON 'H= QERMON 'H*N, 'OUK 'AN4 POTE 'ALLWI PROSPESON
'ALLO 'AN4 'EGEGONEI, 'AUTO GE MHDEN METABALLON; 'EI DE 'AU TO
PARAMETROUMENON 'H= 'EFAPTOMENON "EKASTON 'H*N TOUTWN, 'OUK
'AN4 'AU 'ALLOU PROSELQONTO$ 'H= TI PAQONTO$ 'AUTO MHDEN PAQON
'ALLO 'AN4 'EGENETO. 'EPEI NU*N GE, 'W* FILE, QAUMASTA TE-KAI
GELOI*A 'EUCERW$ PW$ 'ANAGKAZOMEQA LEGEIN, "W$ FAIH 'AN4
PRWTAGORA$ TE-KAI PA$ "O TA 'AUTA 'EKEINWI 'EPICEIRWN LEGEIN.
QEAI ^ PW*$ DH-KAI POI*A LEGEI$:
<P 154C>
SW ^ SMIKRON LABE PARADEIGMA, KAI PANTA 'EISHI2 "A BOULOMAI.
'ASTRAGALOU$ GAR-POU "EX, 'AN2 MEN TETTARA$ 'AUTOI$
PROSENEGKHI$, PLEIOU$ FAMEN 'EINAI TWN TETTARWN KAI "HMIOLIOU$,
'EA=N DE DWDEKA, 'ELATTOU$ KAI "HMISEI$, KAI-'OUDE 'ANEKTON
'ALLW$ LEGEIN; 'H= SU 'ANEXHI2:
QEAI ^ 'OUK 'EGWGE.
SW ^ TI= 'OUN: 'AN2 SE PRWTAGORA$ 'ERHTAI 'H= TI$ 'ALLO$;
'W* QEAITHTE, 'ESQ' "OPW$ TI MEIZON 'H= PLEON GIGNETAI 'ALLW$
'H= 'AUXHQEN: TI= 'APOKRINHI2:
QEAI ^ 'EA=N MEN, 'W* SWKRATE$, TO DOKOUN PRO$ THN NU*N
<P 154D>
'ERWTHSIN 'APOKRINWMAI, "OTI4 'OUK 'ESTIN; 'EA=N DE PRO$ THN
PROTERAN, FULATTWN MH 'ENANTIA 'EIPW, "OTI4 'ESTIN.
SW ^ 'EU GE NH THN "HRAN, 'W* FILE, KAI QEIW$. 'ATAR, "W$
'EOIKEN0, 'EA=N 'APOKRINHI43 "OTI4 'ESTIN, 'EURIPIDEION TI SUMBHSETAI;
"H9 MEN-GAR GLWTTA9 'ANELEGKTO$ "HMIN 'ESTAI, "H9 DE9 FRHN9 'OUK
'ANELEGKTO$.
QEAI ^ 'ALHQH.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EI MEN DEINOI KAI SOFOI 'EGW TE-KAI SU
'HMEN, PANTA TA TWN FRENWN 'EXHTAKOTE$, 'HDH 'AN4 TO LOIPON
<P 154E>
'EK PERIOUSIA$ 'ALLHLWN 'APOPEIRWMENOI, SUNELQONTE$ SOFISTIKW$
'EI$ MACHN TOIAUTHN, 'ALLHLWN TOU$ LOGOU$ TOI$ LOGOI$
'EKROUOMEN; NU*N DE "ATE 'IDIWTAI PRWTON BOULHSOMEQA QEASASQAI
'AUTA PRO$ "AUTA TI= POT' 'ESTIN "A DIANOOUMEQA, POTERON
"HMIN 'ALLHLOI$ SUMFWNEI0 'H= 'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN.
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN 'EGWGE TOUT' 'AN4 BOULOIMHN.
SW ^ KAI-MHN 'EGW. "OTE D' "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, 'ALLO TI 'H= 'HREMA,
"W$ PANU POLLHN SCOLHN 'AGONTE$, PALIN 'EPANASKEYOMEQA,


<P 155A>
'OU DUSKOLAINONTE$ 'ALLA= TW*I-'ONTI "HMA$-'AUTOU$ 'EXETAZONTE$,
"ATTA POT' 'ESTI TAUTA TA FASMATA 'EN "HMIN: "WN PRWTON
'EPISKOPOUNTE$ FHSOMEN, "W$ 'EGW 'OIMAI, MHDEPOTE MHDEN 'AN4
MEIZON MHDE 'ELATTON GENESQAI MHTE 'OGKWI MHTE 'ARIQMWI, "EW$
'ISON 'EIH 'AUTO "EAUTWI. 'OUC "OUTW$:
QEAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ DEUTERON DE-GE, "WI MHTE PROSTIQOITO MHTE 'AFAIROITO,
TOUTO MHTE 'AUXANESQAI POTE MHTE FQINEIN, 'AEI DE 'ISON
'EINAI.
QEAI ^ KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN.
<P 155B>
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN-'OU-KAI TRITON, "O= MH PROTERON 'H*N, "USTERON
'ALLA= TOUTO 'EINAI 'ANEU TOU* GENESQAI KAI GIGNESQAI 'ADUNATON:
QEAI ^ DOKEI0 GE-DH.
SW ^ TAUTA DH, 'OIOMAI, "OMOLOGHMATA TRIA MACETAI 'AUTA
"AUTOI$ 'EN THI "HMETERA\ YUCHI, "OTAN TA PERI TWN 'ASTRAGALWN
LEGWMEN, 'H= "OTAN FWMEN 'EME THLIKONDE 'ONTA, MHTE 'AUXHQENTA
MHTE 'TOUNANTION PAQONTA, 'EN 'ENIAUTWI SOU4 TOU* NEOU NU*N MEN
MEIZW 'EINAI, "USTERON DE 'ELATTW, MHDEN TOU* 'EMOU2 'OGKOU
<P 155C>
'AFAIREQENTO$ 'ALLA= SOU4 'AUXHQENTO$. 'EIMI GAR-DH "USTERON
"O= PROTERON 'OUK 'H*2, 'OU GENOMENO$; 'ANEU GAR TOU* GIGNESQAI
GENESQAI 'ADUNATON, MHDEN DE 'APOLLU$ TOU* 'OGKOU 'OUK 'AN4
POTE 'EGIGNOMHN 'ELATTWN. KAI 'A=LLA DH MURIA 'EPI MURIOI$
"OUTW$ 'ECEI0, 'EIPER KAI TAUTA PARADEXOMEQA. "EPHI0 GAR-POU,
'W* QEAITHTE; DOKEI$ GOUN MOI 'OUK 'APEIRO$ TWN TOIOUTWN
'EINAI.
QEAI ^ KAI NH TOU$ QEOU$ GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, "UPERFUW$
"W$ QAUMAZW0 TI= POT' 'ESTI TAUTA, KAI 'ENIOTE "W$ 'ALHQW$
BLEPWN 'EI$ 'AUTA SKOTODINIW0.
<P 155D>
SW ^ QEODWRO$ GAR, 'W* FILE, FAINETAI 'OU KAKW$ TOPAZEIN
PERI= TH$ FUSEW$ SOU4. MALA GAR FILOSOFOU TOUTO TO
PAQO$, TO QAUMAZEIN; 'OU-GAR 'ALLH 'ARCH FILOSOFIA$ 'H=
"AU=TH, KAI 'EOIKEN0 "O THN 'IRIN QAUMANTO$ 'EKGONON FHSA$ 'OU
KAKW$ GENEALOGEIN. 'ALLA= POTERON MANQANEI$ 'HDH DI' "O=
TAUTA TOIAUT' 'ESTIN 'EX "WN TON PRWTAGORAN FAMEN LEGEIN,
'H= 'OUPW:
QEAI ^ 'OUPW MOI DOKW0.
SW ^ CARIN 'OUN MOI 'EISHI2 'EA=N SOI4 'ANDRO$, MALLON DE
'ANDRWN 'ONOMASTWN TH$ DIANOIA$ THN 'ALHQEIAN 'APOKEKRUMMENHN
<P 155E>
SUNEXEREUNHSWMAI 'AUTWN:
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OUK 'EISOMAI, KAI PANU GE POLLHN:
SW ^ 'AQREI5 DH PERISKOPWN MH TI$ TWN 'AMUHTWN 'EPAKOUHI5.
'EISIN DE "OUTOI "OI 'OUDEN 'ALLO 'OIOMENOI 'EINAI 'H= "OU2 'AN4 DUNWNTAI
'APRIX TOIN CEROIN LABESQAI, PRAXEI$ DE-KAI GENESEI$ KAI PAN
TO 'AORATON 'OUK 'APODECOMENOI "W$ 'EN 'OUSIA$ MEREI.
QEAI ^ KAI-MEN-DH, 'W* SWKRATE$, SKLHROU$ GE LEGEI$ KAI


<P 156A>
'ANTITUPOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$.
SW ^ 'EISIN GAR, 'W* PAI, MAL' 'EU 'AMOUSOI; "ALLOI DE POLU
KOMYOTEROI, "WN MELLW0 SOI4 TA MUSTHRIA LEGEIN. 'ARCH DE,
'EX "H$ KAI "A NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN PANTA 'HRTHTAI, "HDE 'AUTWN, "W$
TO PAN KINHSI$ 'H*N KAI 'ALLO PARA TOUTO 'OUDEN, TH$ DE KINHSEW$
DUO 'EIDH, PLHQEI MEN 'APEIRON "EKATERON, DUNAMIN DE TO
MEN POIEIN 'ECON, TO DE PASCEIN. 'EK DE TH$ TOUTWN "OMILIA$
TE-KAI TRIYEW$ PRO$ 'ALLHLA GIGNETAI 'EKGONA PLHQEI MEN
<P 156B>
'APEIRA, DIDUMA DE, TO MEN 'AISQHTON, TO DE 'AISQHSI$, 'AEI
SUNEKPIPTOUSA KAI GENNWMENH META TOU* 'AISQHTOU. "AI MEN-'OUN
'AISQHSEI$ TA TOIADE "HMIN 'ECOUSIN0 'ONOMATA, 'OYEI$ TE-KAI
'AKOAI KAI 'OSFRHSEI$ KAI YUXEI$ TE-KAI KAUSEI$ KAI "HDONAI
GE-DH-KAI LUPAI KAI 'EPIQUMIAI KAI FOBOI KEKLHMENAI KAI
'ALLAI, 'APERANTOI MEN "AI 'ANWNUMOI, PAMPLHQEI$ DE "AI 'WNOMASMENAI;
TO D' 'AU 'AISQHTON GENO$ TOUTWN "EKASTAI$ "OMOGONON,
<P 156C>
'OYESI MEN CRWMATA PANTODAPAI$ PANTODAPA, 'AKOAI$
DE "WSAUTW$ FWNAI, KAI TAI$ 'ALLAI$ 'AISQHSESI TA 'A=LLA
'AISQHTA SUGGENH GIGNOMENA. TI= DH-'OUN "HMIN BOULETAI "OUTO$
"O MUQO$, 'W* QEAITHTE, PRO$ TA PRO=TERA: 'A*RA 'ENNOEI$:
QEAI ^ 'OU PANU, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ 'ALL' 'AQREI5 'EA=N PW$ 'APOTELESQHI. BOULETAI GAR-DH
LEGEIN "W$ TAUTA PANTA MEN "WSPER LEGOMEN KINEITAI,
TACO$ DE-KAI BRADUTH$ 'ENI THI KINHSEI 'AUTWN. "OSON MEN-'OUN
BRADU, 'EN TW*I 'AUTWI KAI PRO$ TA PLHSIAZONTA THN
<P 156D>
KINHSIN 'ISCEI0 KAI "OUTW DH GENNA*I0, TA DE GENNWMENA "OUTW
DH QATTW 'ESTIN. FERETAI GAR-KAI 'EN FORA*I 'AUTWN "H KINHSI$
PEFUKEN0. 'EPEIDAN 'OUN 'OMMA KAI 'ALLO TI TWN TOUTWI SUMMETRWN
PLHSIASAN GENNHSHI6 THN LEUKOTHTA TE-KAI 'AISQHSIN
'AUTHI SUMFUTON, "A 'OUK 'AN4 POTE 'EGENETO "EKATEROU 'EKEINWN
PRO$ 'ALLO 'ELQONTO$, TO=TE DH METAXU FEROMENWN TH$ MEN
<P 156E>
'OYEW$ PRO$ TWN 'OFQALMWN, TH$ DE LEUKOTHTO$ PRO$ TOU*
SUNAPOTIKTONTO$ TO CRWMA, "O MEN 'OFQALMO$ 'A=RA 'OYEW$
'EMPLEW$ 'EGENETO KAI "ORA*I0 DH TO=TE KAI 'EGENETO 'OU TI 'OYI$
'ALL' 'OFQALMO$ "ORWN, TO DE SUGGENNHSAN TO CRWMA LEUKOTHTO$
PERIEPLHSQH KAI 'EGENETO 'OU LEUKOTH$ 'AU 'ALLA= LEUKON, 'EI=TE
XULON 'EI=TE LIQO$ 'EI=TE "OTWIOUN SUNEBH CRHMA CRWSQHNAI TW*I
TOIOUTWI CRWMATI. KAI 'TALLA DH "OUTW, SKLHRON KAI QERMON
KAI PANTA, TON 'AUTON TROPON "UPOLHPTEON, 'AUTO MEN KAQ'


<P 157A>
"AUTO MHDEN 'EINAI, "O= DH-KAI TO=TE 'ELEGOMEN, 'EN DE THI PRO$
'ALLHLA "OMILIA\ PANTA GIGNESQAI KAI PANTOI*A 'APO TH$
KINHSEW$, 'EPEI KAI TO POIOUN 'EINAI TI KAI TO PASCON 'AUTWN
'EPI "ENO$ NOHSAI0, "W$ FASIN0, 'OUK 'EINAI20 PAGIW$. 'OUTE-GAR
POIOUN 'ESTI TI PRIN 'AN4 TW*I PASCONTI SUNELQHI6, 'OUTE PASCON
PRIN 'AN4 TW*I POIOUNTI; TO TE TINI SUNELQON KAI POIOUN 'ALLWI
'AU PROSPESON PASCON 'ANEFANH. "WSTE 'EX "APANTWN TOUTWN,
"OPER 'EX 'ARCH$ 'ELEGOMEN, 'OUDEN 'EINAI "EN 'AUTO KAQ' "AUTO, 'ALLA=
<P 157B>
TINI 'AEI GIGNESQAI, TO D' 'EINAI PANTACOQEN 'EXAIRETEON, 'OUC-"OTI
"HMEI$ POLLA KAI 'ARTI 'HNAGKASMEQA "UPO SUNHQEIA$ KAI
'ANEPISTHMOSUNH$ CRHSQAI 'AUTWI. TO D' 'OU DEI, "W$ "O TWN
SOFWN LOGO$, 'OUTE TI SUGCWREIN 'OUTE TOU 'OUT' 'EMOU4 'OUTE
TODE 'OUT' 'EKEINO 'OUTE 'ALLO 'OUDEN 'ONOMA "OTI2 'AN4 "ISTHI5, 'ALLA=
KATA FUSIN FQEGGESQAI GIGNOMENA KAI POIOUMENA KAI 'APOLLUMENA
KAI 'ALLOIOUMENA; "W$ 'EA=N TI TI$ STHSHI6 TW*I LOGWI,
'EUELEGKTO$ "O TOUTO POIW*N. DEI DE-KAI KATA MERO$ "OUTW
LEGEIN KAI PERI= POLLWN "AQROISQENTWN5, "WI DH "AQROISMATI
<P 157C>
'ANQRWPON TE TIQENTAI KAI LIQON KAI "EKASTON ZWION TE-KAI
'EIDO$. TAUTA DH, 'W* QEAITHTE, 'A*R' "HDEA DOKEI0 SOI4 'EINAI, KAI
GEUOIO 'AN4 'AUTWN "W$ 'ARESKONTWN0:
QEAI ^ 'OUK 'OIDA 'EGWGE, 'W* SWKRATE$; KAI-GAR-'OUDE PERI=
SOU4 DUNAMAI KATANOHSAI0 PO=TERA DOKOUNTA SOI4 LEGEI$ 'AUTA 'H=
'EMOU4 'APOPEIRA*I3.
SW ^ 'OU MNHMONEUEI$, 'W* FILE, "OTI4 'EGW MEN-'OUT' 'OIDA 'OUTE
POIOUMAI TWN TOIOUTWN 'OUDEN 'EMON, 'ALL' 'EIMI 'AUTWN 'AGONO$,
SE DE MAIEUOMAI KAI TOUTOU "ENEKA 'EPA\DW0 TE-KAI PARATIQHMI
<P 157D>
"EKASTWN TWN SOFWN 'APOGEUSASQAI, "EW$ 'AN4 'EI$ FW$ TO SON
DOGMA SUNEXAGAGW; 'EXACQENTO$ DE TO=T' 'HDH SKEYOMAI 'EI=T'
'ANEMIAION 'EI=TE GONIMON 'ANAFANHSETAI. 'ALLA= QARRWN KAI
KARTERWN 'EU KAI 'ANDREIW$ 'APOKRINOU "A 'AN4 FAINHTAI SOI4 PERI=
"WN 'AN4 'ERWTW3.
QEAI ^ 'ERWTA DH.
SW ^ LEGE TOINUN PALIN 'EI SOI4 'ARESKEI0 TO MH TI 'EINAI 'ALLA=
GIGNESQAI 'AEI 'AGAQON KAI KALON KAI PANTA "A 'ARTI DIHIMEN.
QEAI ^ 'ALL' 'EMOIGE, 'EPEIDH SOU4 'AKOUW0 "OUTW DIEXIONTO$,
QAUMASIW$ FAINETAI "W$ 'ECEIN LOGON KAI "UPOLHPTEON "HIPER
DIELHLUQA$.
<P 157E>
SW ^ MH-TOINUN 'APOLIPWMEN "OSON 'ELLEIPON 'AUTOU4. LEIPETAI
DE 'ENUPNIWN TE PE=RI KAI NOSWN TWN TE 'ALLWN KAI
MANIA$, "OSA TE PARAKOUEIN 'H= PARORAN 'H= TI 'ALLO PARAISQANESQAI
LEGETAI. 'OISQA GAR-POU "OTI4 'EN PASI TOUTOI$
"OMOLOGOUMENW$ 'ELEGCESQAI DOKEI0 "ON 'ARTI DIHIMEN LOGON,


<P 158A>
"W$ PANTO$ MALLON "HMIN YEUDEI$ 'AISQHSEI$ 'EN 'AUTOI$ GIGNOMENA$,
KAI POLLOU DEI TA FAINOMENA "EKASTWI TAUTA KAI 'EINAI,
'ALLA= PAN 'TOUNANTION 'OUDEN "WN FAINETAI 'EINAI.
QEAI ^ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ TI=$ DH-'OUN, 'W* PAI, LEIPETAI LOGO$ TW*I THN 'AISQHSIN
'EPISTHMHN TIQEMENWI KAI TA FAINOMENA "EKASTWI TAUTA KAI
'EINAI TOUTWI "WI FAINETAI:
QEAI ^ 'EGW MEN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OKNW0 'EIPEIN "OTI4 'OUK 'ECW0
TI= LEGW3, DIOTI MOI NUNDH 'EPEPLHXA$ 'EIPONTI 'AUTO. 'EPEI "W$
<P 158B>
'ALHQW$ GE 'OUK 'AN4 DUNAIMHN 'AMFISBHTHSAI0 "W$ "OI MAINOMENOI
'H= "OI8 'ONEIRWTTONTE$ 'OU YEUDH DOXAZOUSIN0, "OTAN "OI MEN QEOI
'AUTWN 'OIWNTAI 'EINAI, "OI DE PTHNOI TE-KAI "W$ PETOMENOI 'EN TW*I
"UPNWI DIANOWNTAI.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN-'OUDE TO TOIONDE 'AMFISBHTHMA 'ENNOEI$ PERI=
'AUTWN, MALISTA DE PERI= TOU* 'ONAR TE-KAI "UPAR:
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON:
SW ^ "O= POLLAKI$ SE 'OIMAI 'AKHKOENAI 'ERWTWNTWN0, TI= 'AN4
TI$ 'ECOI TEKMHRION 'APODEIXAI0, 'EI TI$ 'EROITO NU*N "OUTW$ 'EN TW*I
PARONTI POTERON KAQEUDOMEN KAI PANTA "A DIANOOUMEQA 'ONEIRWTTOMEN,
<P 158C>
'H= 'EGRHGORAMEN TE-KAI "UPAR 'ALLHLOI$ DIALEGOMEQA.
QEAI ^ KAI-MHN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'APORON GE "OTWI CRH
'EPIDEIXAI0 TEKMHRIWI; PANTA GAR "WSPER 'ANTISTROFA TA 'AUTA
PARAKOLOUQEI0. "A TE-GAR NUNI DIEILEGMEQA 'OUDEN KWLUEI0 KAI
'EN TW*I "UPNWI DOKEIN 'ALLHLOI$ DIALEGESQAI; KAI "OTAN DH 'ONAR
'ONEIRATA DOKWMEN DIHGEISQAI, 'ATOPO$ "H "OMOIOTH$ TOUTWN
'EKEINOI$.
SW ^ "ORA*I$0 'OUN "OTI4 TO GE 'AMFISBHTHSAI0 'OU CALEPON, "OTE
<P 158D>
KAI POTERON 'ESTIN "UPAR 'H= 'ONAR 'AMFISBHTEITAI, KAI-DH 'ISOU
'ONTO$ TOU* CRONOU "ON KAQEUDOMEN "WI 'EGRHGORAMEN, 'EN "EKATERWI
DIAMACETAI "HMWN "H YUCH TA 'AEI PARONTA DOGMATA PANTO$
MALLON 'EINAI 'ALHQH, "WSTE 'ISON MEN CRONON TADE FAMEN
'ONTA 'EINAI, 'ISON DE 'EKEINA, KAI "OMOIW$ 'EF' "EKATEROI$
DIISCURIZOMEQA.
QEAI ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI PERI= NOSWN TE-KAI MANIWN "O 'AUTO$ LOGO$,
PLHN TOU* CRONOU "OTI4 'OUCI 'ISO$:
QEAI ^ 'ORQW$.
SW ^ TI= 'OUN: PLHQEI CRONOU KAI 'OLIGOTHTI TO 'ALHQE$
"ORISQHSETAI:
<P 158E>
QEAI ^ GELOION 'MENTAN4 'EIH POLLACHI.
SW ^ 'ALLA= TI 'ALLO 'ECEI$ SAFE$ 'ENDEIXASQAI "OPOI*A TOUTWN
TWN DOXASMATWN 'ALHQH:
QEAI ^ 'OU MOI DOKW0.
SW ^ 'EMOU4 TOINUN 'AKOUE "OI*A PERI= 'AUTWN 'AN4 LEGOIEN "OI TA
'AEI DOKOUNTA "ORIZOMENOI TW*I DOKOUNTI 'EINAI 'ALHQH. LEGOUSI0
DE, "W$ 'EGW 'OIMAI, "OUTW$ 'ERWTWNTE$; 'W* QEAITHTE, "O= 'AN4
"ETERON 'HI PANTAPASIN, MH PHI TINA DUNAMIN THN 'AUTHN "EXEI2
TW*I "ETERWI: KAI MH "UPOLABWMEN THI MEN 'TAUTON 'EINAI "O=
'ERWTWMEN0 THI DE "ETERON, 'ALL' "OLW$ "ETERON.


<P 159A>
QEAI ^ 'ADUNATON TOINUN 'TAUTON TI 'ECEIN 'H= 'EN DUNAMEI 'H=
'EN 'ALLWI "OTWIOUN, "OTAN 'HI KOMIDHI "ETERON.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN-'OU-KAI 'ANOMOION 'ANAGKAION TO TOIOUTON
"OMOLOGEIN:
QEAI ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW ^ 'EI 'A=RA TI SUMBAINEI0 "OMOION TWI GIGNESQAI 'H= 'ANOMOION,
'EI=TE "EAUTWI 'EI=TE 'ALLWI, "OMOIOUMENON MEN 'TAUTON FHSOMEN
GIGNESQAI, 'ANOMOIOUMENON DE "ETERON:
QEAI ^ 'ANAGKH.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N PROSQEN 'ELEGOMEN "W$ POLLA MEN 'EIH TA
POIOUNTA KAI 'APEIRA, "WSAUTW$ DE-GE TA PASCONTA:
QEAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ KAI-MHN "OTI4 GE 'ALLO 'ALLWI SUMMEIGNUMENON KAI
'ALLWI 'OU 'TAUTA 'ALL' "E=TERA GENNHSEI2:
<P 159B>
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ LEGWMEN DH 'EME TE-KAI SE KAI 'TALLA 'HDH KATA
TON 'AUTON LOGON, SWKRATH "UGIAINONTA KAI SWKRATH 'AU
'ASQENOUNTA. POTERON "OMOION TOUT' 'EKEINWI 'H= 'ANOMOION
FHSOMEN:
QEAI ^ 'A*RA TON 'ASQENOUNTA SWKRATH, "OLON TOUTO LEGEI$
"OLWI 'EKEINWI, TW*I "UGIAINONTI SWKRATEI:
SW ^ KALLISTA "UPELABE$; 'AUTO TOUTO LEGW0.
QEAI ^ 'ANOMOION DHPOU.
SW ^ KAI "ETERON 'A=RA "OUTW$ "WSPER 'ANOMOION:
QEAI ^ 'ANAGKH.
<P 159C>
SW ^ KAI KAQEUDONTA DH-KAI PANTA "A NUNDH DIHLQOMEN,
"WSAUTW$ FHSEI$:
QEAI ^ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ "EKASTON DH TWN PEFUKOTWN TI POIEIN, 'ALLO TI, "OTAN
MEN LABHI6 "UGIAINONTA SWKRATH, "W$ "ETERWI MOI CRHSETAI,
"OTAN DE 'ASQENOUNTA, "W$ "ETERWI:
QEAI ^ TI= D' 'OU MELLEI0:
SW ^ KAI "E=TERA DH 'EF' "EKATEROU GENNHSOMEN 'EGW TE "O
PASCWN KAI 'EKEINO TO POIOUN:
QEAI ^ TI= MHN:
SW ^ "OTAN DH 'OINON PINW3 "UGIAINWN, "HDU$ MOI FAINETAI
KAI GLUKU$:
QEAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'EGENNHSE GAR-DH 'EK TWN PROWMOLOGHMENWN TO TE
<P 159D>
POIOUN KAI TO PASCON GLUKUTHTA TE-KAI 'AISQHSIN, "AMA
FEROMENA 'AMFO=TERA, KAI "H MEN 'AISQHSI$ PRO$ TOU* PASCONTO$
'OUSA 'AISQANOMENHN THN GLWTTAN 'APHRGASATO, "H DE GLUKUTH$
PRO$ TOU* 'OINOU PERI= 'AUTON FEROMENH GLUKUN TON 'OINON THI
"UGIAINOUSHI GLWTTHI 'EPOIHSEN KAI 'EINAI KAI FAINESQAI.
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN TA PRO=TERA "HMIN "OUTW$ "WMOLOGHTO.
SW ^ "OTAN DE 'ASQENOUNTA, 'ALLO TI PRWTON MEN THI 'ALHQEIA\
'OU TON 'AUTON 'ELABEN: 'ANOMOIWI GAR-DH PROSHLQEN.
QEAI ^ NAI.
<P 159E>
SW ^ "E=TERA DH 'AU 'EGENNHSATHN "O TE TOIOUTO$ SWKRATH$
KAI "H TOU* 'OINOU POSI$, PERI= MEN THN GLWTTAN 'AISQHSIN
PIKROTHTO$, PERI= DE TON 'OINON GIGNOMENHN KAI FEROMENHN
PIKROTHTA, KAI TON MEN 'OU PIKROTHTA 'ALLA= PIKRON, 'EME DE
'OUK 'AISQHSIN 'ALL' 'AISQANOMENON:
QEAI ^ KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ 'OU=KOUN 'EGW TE 'OUDEN 'ALLO POTE GENHSOMAI "OUTW$
'AISQANOMENO$; TOU* GAR 'ALLOU 'ALLH 'AISQHSI$, KAI 'ALLOION


<P 160A>
KAI 'ALLON POIEI0 TON 'AISQANOMENON; 'OUT' 'EKEINO TO POIOUN 'EME
MHPOT' 'ALLWI SUNELQON 'TAUTON GENNHSAN TOIOUTON GENHTAI;
'APO GAR 'ALLOU 'ALLO GENNHSAN 'ALLOION GENHSETAI.
QEAI ^ 'ESTI TAUTA.
SW ^ 'OUDE-MHN 'EGWGE 'EMAUTWI TOIOUTO$, 'EKEINO TE "EAUTWI
TOIOUTON GENHSETAI.
QEAI ^ 'OU-GAR-'OUN.
SW ^ 'ANAGKH DE-GE 'EME TE TINO$ GIGNESQAI, "OTAN 'AISQANOMENO$
GIGNWMAI; 'AISQANOMENON GAR, MHDENO$ DE 'AISQANOMENON,
<P 160B>
'ADUNATON GIGNESQAI; 'EKEINO TE TINI GIGNESQAI, "OTAN GLUKU 'H=
PIKRON 'H= TI TOIOUTON GIGNHTAI; GLUKU GAR, MHDENI DE GLUKU
'ADUNATON GENESQAI.
QEAI ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ LEIPETAI DH 'OIMAI "HMIN 'ALLHLOI$, 'EI=T' 'ESMEN, 'EINAI,
'EI=TE GIGNOMEQA, GIGNESQAI, 'EPEIPER "HMWN "H 'ANAGKH THN 'OUSIAN
SUNDEI0 MEN, SUNDEI0 DE 'OUDENI TWN 'ALLWN 'OUD' 'AU "HMIN-'AUTOI$.
'ALLHLOI$ DH LEIPETAI SUNDEDESQAI. "WSTE 'EI=TE TI$ 'EINAI TI
'ONOMAZEI0, TINI 'EINAI 'H= TINO$ 'H= PRO$ TI "RHTEON 'AUTWI, 'EI=TE
GIGNESQAI; 'AUTO DE 'EF' "AUTOU TI 'H= 'ON 'H= GIGNOMENON 'OUTE
<P 160C>
'AUTWI LEKTEON 'OUT' 'ALLOU LEGONTO$ 'APODEKTEON, "W$ "O LOGO$
"ON DIELHLUQAMEN SHMAINEI0.
QEAI ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N "OTE DH TO 'EME POIOUN 'EMOI4 'ESTIN KAI 'OUK
'ALLWI, 'EGW KAI 'AISQANOMAI 'AUTOU4, 'ALLO$ D' 'OU=:
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW ^ 'ALHQH$ 'A=RA 'EMOI4 "H 'EMH 'AISQHSI$ % TH$ GAR 'EMH$
'OUSIA$ 'AEI 'ESTIN % KAI 'EGW KRITH$ KATA TON PRWTAGORAN
TWN1 TE 'ONTWN10 'EMOI4 "W$1 'ESTI1, KAI TWN1 MH1 'ONTWN10 "W$1 'OUK1 'ESTIN1.
QEAI ^ 'EOIKEN0.
<P 160D>
SW ^ PW*$ 'AN4 'OUN 'AYEUDH$ 'WN KAI MH PTAIWN THI DIANOIA\
PERI= TA 'ONTA 'H= GIGNOMENA 'OUK 'EPISTHMWN 'AN4 'EIHN "WNPER
'AISQHTH$:
QEAI ^ 'OUDAMW$ "OPW$ 'OU=.
SW ^ PAGKALW$ 'A=RA SOI4 'EIRHTAI "OTI4 'EPISTHMH 'OUK 'ALLO
TI 'ESTIN 'H= 'AISQHSI$, KAI 'EI$ 'TAUTON SUMPEPTWKEN0, KATA MEN
"OMHRON KAI "HRAKLEITON KAI PAN TO TOIOUTON FULON "OION
"REUMATA KINEISQAI TA PANTA, KATA DE PRWTAGORAN TON
SOFWTATON PANTWN1 CRHMATWN1 'ANQRWPON1 METRON1 'EINAI1, KATA
<P 160E>
DE QEAITHTON TOUTWN "OUTW$ 'ECONTWN0 'AISQHSIN 'EPISTHMHN
GIGNESQAI. 'H*-GAR, 'W* QEAITHTE: FWMEN TOUTO SON MEN
'EINAI "OION NEOGENE$ PAIDION, 'EMON DE MAIEUMA: 'H= PW*$ LEGEI$:
QEAI ^ "OUTW$ 'ANAGKH, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ TOUTO MEN-DH, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, MOLI$ POTE 'EGENNHSAMEN,
"OTI2 DH POTE TUGCANEI0 'ON. META DE TON TOKON TA 'AMFIDROMIA
'AUTOU4 "W$ 'ALHQW$ 'EN KUKLWI PERIQREKTEON TW*I LOGWI, SKOPOUMENOU$
MH LAQHI6 "HMA$ 'OUK 'AXION 'ON TROFH$ TO GIGNOMENON,


<P 161A>
'ALLA= 'ANEMIAION TE-KAI YEUDO$. 'H= SU 'OIEI PANTW$ DEIN TO GE
SON TREFEIN KAI MH 'APOTIQENAI, 'H=-KAI 'ANEXHI2 'ELEGCOMENON
"ORWN, KAI 'OU SFO=DRA CALEPANEI$ 'EA=N TI$ SOU4 "W$ PRWTOTOKOU
'AUTO "UFAIRHI5:
QEO ^ 'ANEXETAI, 'W* SWKRATE$, QEAITHTO$; 'OUDAMW$ GAR
DUSKOLO$. 'ALLA= PRO$ QEWN 'EIPE= "HI 'AU 'OUC "OUTW$ 'ECEI0:
SW ^ FILOLOGO$ G' 'EI* 'ATECNW$ KAI CRHSTO$, 'W* QEODWRE,
"OTI4 ME 'OIEI LOGWN TINA 'EINAI QULAKON KAI "RA\DIW$ 'EXELONTA
<P 161B>
'EREIN2 "W$ 'OUK 'AU 'ECEI0 "OUTW TAUTA; TO DE GIGNOMENON 'OUK
'ENNOEI$, "OTI4 'OUDEI$ TWN LOGWN 'EXERCETAI PAR' 'EMOU4 'ALL' 'AEI
PARA TOU* 'EMOI4 PROSDIALEGOMENOU, 'EGW DE 'OUDEN 'EPISTAMAI
PLEON PLHN BRACEO$, "OSON LOGON PAR' "ETEROU SOFOU LABEIN
KAI 'APODEXASQAI METRIW$. KAI NU*N TOUTO PARA TOUDE PEIRASOMAI,
'OU TI 'AUTO$ 'EIPEIN.
QEO ^ SU KALLION, 'W* SWKRATE$, LEGEI$; KAI POIEI5 "OUTW$.
SW ^ 'OISQ' 'OUN, 'W* QEODWRE, "O= QAUMAZW0 TOU* "ETAIROU SOU4
PRWTAGOROU:
<P 161C>
QEO ^ TO POI*ON:
SW ^ TA MEN 'A=LLA MOI PANU "HDEW$ 'EIRHKEN0, "W$ TO DOKOUN
"EKASTWI TOUTO KAI 'ESTIN; THN D' 'ARCHN TOU* LOGOU TEQAUMAKA,
"OTI4 'OUK 'EI*PEN 'ARCOMENO$ TH$ 'ALHQEIA$ "OTI4 PANTWN1 CRHMATWN1
METRON1 'ESTIN1 "U$ 'H= KUNOKEFALO$ 'H= TI 'ALLO 'ATOPWTERON
TWN 'ECONTWN0 'AISQHSIN, "INA MEGALOPREPW$ KAI PANU
KATAFRONHTIKW$ 'HRXATO "HMIN LEGEIN, 'ENDEIKNUMENO$ "OTI4 "HMEI$
MEN 'AUTON "WSPER QEON 'EQAUMAZOMEN 'EPI SOFIA\, "O D'-'A=RA
<P 161D>
'ETUGCANEN 'WN 'EI$ FRONHSIN 'OUDEN BELTIWN BATRACOU GURINOU,
MH-"OTI 'ALLOU TOU 'ANQRWPWN. 'H= PW*$ LEGWMEN, 'W* QEODWRE:
'EI GAR-DH "EKASTWI 'ALHQE$ 'ESTAI "O= 'AN4 DI' 'AISQHSEW$ DOXAZHI5,
KAI-MHTE TO 'ALLOU PAQO$ 'ALLO$ BELTION DIAKRINEI2, MHTE THN
DOXAN KURIWTERO$ 'ESTAI 'EPISKEYASQAI "ETERO$ THN "ETEROU
'ORQH 'H= YEUDH$, 'ALL' "O= POLLAKI$ 'EIRHTAI, 'AUTO$ TA "AUTOU
"EKASTO$ MONO$ DOXASEI2, TAUTA DE PANTA 'ORQA KAI 'ALHQH, TI=
DH POTE, 'W* "ETAIRE, PRWTAGORA$ MEN SOFO$, "WSTE KAI 'ALLWN
<P 161E>
DIDASKALO$ 'AXIOUSQAI DIKAIW$ META MEGALWN MISQWN, "HMEI$
DE 'AMAQESTEROI TE-KAI FOITHTEON "HMIN 'H*N PAR' 'EKEINON, METRWI
'ONTI 'AUTWI "EKASTWI TH$ "AUTOU SOFIA$: TAUTA PW*$ MH FWMEN
DHMOUMENON LEGEIN TON PRWTAGORAN: TO DE-DH 'EMON TE-KAI
TH$ 'EMH$ TECNH$ TH$ MAIEUTIKH$ SIGW0 "OSON GELWTA 'OFLISKANOMEN,
'OIMAI DE-KAI SUMPASA "H TOU* DIALEGESQAI PRAGMATEIA.
TO GAR 'EPISKOPEIN KAI 'EPICEIREIN 'ELEGCEIN TA$ 'ALLHLWN
FANTASIA$ TE-KAI DOXA$, 'ORQA$ "EKASTOU 'OUSA$, 'OU MAKRA


<P 162A>
MEN-KAI DIWLUGIO$ FLUARIA, 'EI 'ALHQH$ "H 'ALHQEIA PRWTAGOROU
'ALLA= MH PAIZOUSA 'EK TOU* 'ADUTOU TH$ BIBLOU
'EFQEGXATO:
QEO ^ 'W* SWKRATE$, FILO$ "ANHR, "WSPER SU NUNDH 'EIPE$.
'OUK 'AN4 'OUN DEXAIMHN DI' 'EMOU4 "OMOLOGOUNTO$ 'ELEGCESQAI
PRWTAGORAN, 'OUD' 'AU SOI4 PARA DOXAN 'ANTITEINEIN. TON 'OUN
QEAITHTON PALIN LABE; PANTW$ KAI NUNDH MAL' 'EMMELW$ SOI4
'EFAINETO "UPAKOUEIN.
<P 162B>
SW ^ 'A*RA 'KAN4 'EI$ LAKEDAIMONA 'ELQWN, 'W* QEODWRE, PRO$
TA$ PALAISTRA$ 'AXIOI$3 'AN4 'ALLOU$ QEWMENO$ GUMNOU$, 'ENIOU$
FAULOU$, 'AUTO$ MH 'ANTEPIDEIKNUNAI TO 'EIDO$ PARAPODUOMENO$:
QEO ^ 'ALLA= TI= MHN DOKEI$, 'EIPER MELLOIEN MOI 'EPITREYEIN
KAI PEISESQAI: "WSPER NU*N 'OIMAI "UMA$ PEISEIN 'EME MEN 'EA*N
QEASQAI KAI MH "ELKEIN PRO$ TO GUMNASION SKLHRON 'HDH 'ONTA,
TW*I DE-DH NEWTERWI TE-KAI "UGROTERWI 'ONTI PROSPALAIEIN.
SW ^ 'ALL' 'EI "OUTW$, 'W* QEODWRE, SOI4 FILON, 'OUD' 'EMOI4
<P 162C>
'ECQRON, FASIN0 "OI PAROIMIAZOMENOI. PALIN DH-'OUN 'EPI TON
SOFON QEAITHTON 'ITEON. LEGE DH, 'W* QEAITHTE, PRWTON
MEN "A NUNDH DIHLQOMEN, 'A*RA 'OU SU QAUMAZEI$ 'EI 'EXAIFNH$
"OUTW$ 'ANAFANHSHI MHDEN CEIRWN 'EI$ SOFIAN "OTOUOUN 'ANQRWPWN
'H=-KAI QEWN: 'H= "HTTON TI 'OIEI TO PRWTAGOREION METRON 'EI$
QEOU$ 'H= 'EI$ 'ANQRWPOU$ LEGESQAI:
QEAI ^ MA DI=' 'OUK 'EGWGE; KAI "OPER GE 'ERWTA*I$0, PANU
QAUMAZW0. "HNIKA GAR DIHIMEN "ON TROPON LEGOIEN TO DOKOUN
<P 162D>
"EKASTWI TOUTO KAI 'EINAI TW*I DOKOUNTI, PANU MOI 'EU 'EFAINETO
LEGESQAI; NU*N DE 'TOUNANTION TACA METAPEPTWKEN0.
SW ^ NEO$ GAR 'EI*, 'W* FILE PAI; TH$ 'OUN DHMHGORIA$ 'OXEW$
"UPAKOUEI$ KAI PEIQHI0. PRO$ GAR TAUTA 'EREI2 PRWTAGORA$ 'H= TI$
'ALLO$ "UPER 'AUTOU4; 'W* GENNAIOI PAIDE$ TE-KAI GERONTE$,
DHMHGOREITE0 SUGKAQEZOMENOI, QEOU$ TE 'EI$ TO MESON 'AGONTE$,
<P 162E>
"OU$ 'EGW 'EK TE TOU* LEGEIN KAI TOU* GRAFEIN PERI= 'AUTWN "W$
'EISIN 'H= "W$ 'OUK 'EISIN, 'EXAIRW0, KAI "A "OI POLLOI 'AN4 'APODECOINTO
'AKOUONTE$, LEGETE0 TAUTA, "W$ DEINON 'EI MHDEN DIOISEI2 'EI$ SOFIAN
"EKASTO$ TWN 'ANQRWPWN BOSKHMATO$ "OTOUOUN; 'APODEIXIN DE-KAI
'ANAGKHN 'OUD' "HNTINOUN LEGETE0 'ALLA= TW*I 'EIKOTI CRHSQE0,
"WI 'EI 'EQELOI QEODWRO$ 'H= 'ALLO$ TI$ TWN GEWMETRWN CRWMENO$
GEWMETREIN, 'AXIO$ 'OUD' "ENO$ MONOU 'AN4 'EIH. SKOPEITE3 'OUN SU
TE-KAI QEODWRO$ 'EI 'APODEXESQE PIQANOLOGIA\ TE-KAI 'EIKOSI


<P 163A>
PERI= THLIKOUTWN LEGOMENOU$ LOGOU$.
QEAI ^ 'ALL' 'OU DIKAION, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUTE SU 'OUTE 'AN4
"HMEI$ FAIMEN.
SW ^ 'ALLHI DH SKEPTEON, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "W$ "O TE SO$ KAI "O
QEODWROU LOGO$.
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN 'ALLHI.
SW ^ THIDE DH SKOPWMEN 'EI 'A=RA 'ESTIN 'EPISTHMH TE-KAI
'AISQHSI$ 'TAUTON 'H= "ETERON. 'EI$ GAR TOUTO POU PA$ "O LOGO$
"HMIN 'ETEINEN, KAI TOUTOU CARIN TA POLLA KAI 'ATOPA TAUTA
'EKINHSAMEN. 'OU-GAR:
QEAI ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
<P 163B>
SW ^ 'H*-'OUN "OMOLOGHSOMEN, "A TW*I "ORAN 'AISQANOMEQA 'H=
TW*I 'AKOUEIN, PANTA TAUTA "AMA KAI 'EPISTASQAI: "OION TWN
BARBARWN PRIN MAQEIN THN FWNHN POTERON 'OU FHSOMEN
'AKOUEIN "OTAN FQEGGWNTAI, 'H= 'AKOUEIN TE-KAI 'EPISTASQAI
"A LEGOUSI0: KAI 'AU GRAMMATA MH 'EPISTAMENOI, BLEPONTE$
'EI$ 'AUTA POTERON 'OUC "ORAN 'H= 'EPISTASQAI 'EIPER "ORWMEN0
DIISCURIOUMEQA:
QEAI ^ 'AUTO GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, TOUTO 'AUTWN, "OPER "ORWMEN0
TE-KAI 'AKOUOMEN, 'EPISTASQAI FHSOMEN; TWN MEN-GAR TO
SCHMA KAI TO CRWMA "ORAN TE-KAI 'EPISTASQAI, TWN DE THN
<P 163C>
'OXUTHTA KAI BARUTHTA 'AKOUEIN TE "AMA KAI 'EIDENAI; "A DE "OI TE
GRAMMATISTAI PERI= 'AUTWN KAI "OI "ERMHNH$ DIDASKOUSIN0, 'OUTE
'AISQANESQAI TW*I "ORAN 'H= 'AKOUEIN 'OUTE 'EPISTASQAI.
SW ^ 'ARISTA G', 'W* QEAITHTE, KAI 'OUK 'AXION SOI4 PRO$
TAUTA 'AMFISBHTHSAI0, "INA KAI 'AUXANHI3. 'ALL' "ORA DH-KAI
TODE 'ALLO PROSION, KAI SKOPEI5 PH*I 'AUTO DIWSOMEQA.
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON DH:
<P 163D>
SW ^ TO TOIONDE; 'EI TI$ 'EROITO; 'A*RA DUNATON "OTOU TI$
'EPISTHMWN GENOITO POTE, 'ETI 'ECONTA MNHMHN 'AUTOU4 TOUTOU
KAI SWIZOMENON, TO=TE "OTE MEMNHTAI MH 'EPISTASQAI 'AUTO TOUTO
"O= MEMNHTAI: MAKROLOGW0 DE, "W$ 'EOIKE0, BOULOMENO$ 'ERESQAI
'EI MAQWN TI$ TI MEMNHMENO$ MH 'OIDE.
QEAI ^ KAI PW*$, 'W* SWKRATE$: TERA$ GAR 'AN4 'EIH "O= LEGEI$.
SW ^ MH-'OUN 'EGW LHRW30: SKOPEI5 DE. 'A*RA TO "ORAN 'OUK
'AISQANESQAI LEGEI$ KAI THN 'OYIN 'AISQHSIN:
QEAI ^ 'EGWGE.
<P 163E>
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N "O 'IDWN TI 'EPISTHMWN 'EKEINOU GEGONEN0 "O= 'EIDEN
KATA TON 'ARTI LOGON:
QEAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ TI= DE: MNHMHN 'OU LEGEI$ MENTOI TI:
QEAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ POTERON 'OUDENO$ 'H= TINO$:
QEAI ^ TINO$ DHPOU.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N "WN 'EMAQE KAI "WN 'HISQETO, TOIOUTWNI TINWN:
QEAI ^ TI= MHN:
SW ^ "O= DH 'EIDE TI$, MEMNHTAI POU 'ENIOTE:
QEAI ^ MEMNHTAI.
SW ^ 'H*-KAI MUSA$: 'H= TOUTO DRASA$ 'EPELAQETO:
QEAI ^ 'ALLA= DEINON, 'W* SWKRATE$, TOUTO GE FANAI0.


<P 164A>
SW ^ DEI GE-MENTOI, 'EI SWSOMEN TON PROSQE LOGON; 'EI
DE MH, 'OICETAI.
QEAI ^ KAI 'EGW, NH TON DI=A, "UPOPTEUW0, 'OU-MHN "IKANW$
GE SUNNOW0; 'ALL' 'EIPE= PH*I.
SW ^ THIDE; "O MEN "ORWN 'EPISTHMWN, FAMEN, TOUTOU GEGONEN0
"OUPER2 "ORWN; 'OYI$ GAR-KAI 'AISQHSI$ KAI 'EPISTHMH 'TAUTON
"WMOLOGHTAI.
QEAI ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ "O DE-GE "ORWN KAI 'EPISTHMWN GEGONW$ "OU2 "EWRA, 'EA=N
MUSHI6, MEMNHTAI MEN, 'OUC "ORA*I0 DE 'AUTO. 'H*-GAR:
QEAI ^ NAI.
<P 164B>
SW ^ TO DE-GE 'OUC "ORA*I0 'OUK 'EPISTATAI 'ESTIN, 'EIPER
KAI TO "ORA*I0 'EPISTATAI.
QEAI ^ 'ALHQH.
SW ^ SUMBAINEI0 'A=RA, "OU2 TI$ 'EPISTHMWN 'EGENETO, 'ETI MEMNHMENON
'AUTON MH 'EPISTASQAI, 'EPEIDH 'OUC "ORA*I0; "O= TERA$ 'EFAMEN
'AN4 'EINAI 'EI GIGNOITO.
QEAI ^ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
SW ^ TWN 'ADUNATWN DH TI SUMBAINEIN FAINETAI 'EA=N TI$
'EPISTHMHN KAI 'AISQHSIN 'TAUTON FHI5 'EINAI.
QEAI ^ 'EOIKEN0.
SW ^ 'ALLO 'A=RA "EKATERON FATEON.
QEAI ^ KINDUNEUEI0.
<P 164C>
SW ^ TI= 'OUN-DHT' 'AN4 'EIH 'EPISTHMH: PALIN 'EX 'ARCH$, "W$
'EOIKEN0, LEKTEON. KAITOI TI= POTE MELLOMEN, 'W* QEAITHTE, DRAN:
QEAI ^ TI=NO$ PE=RI:
SW ^ FAINOMEQA MOI 'ALEKTRUONO$ 'AGENNOU$ DIKHN PRIN
NENIKHKENAI 'APOPHDHSANTE$ 'APO TOU* LOGOU 'A\DEIN.
QEAI ^ PW*$ DH:
SW ^ 'ANTILOGIKW$ 'EOIKAMEN PRO$ TA$ TWN 'ONOMATWN
"OMOLOGIA$ 'ANOMOLOGHSAMENOI KAI TOIOUTWI TINI PERIGENOMENOI
TOU* LOGOU 'AGAPAN, KAI 'OU FASKONTE$ 'AGWNISTAI 'ALLA= FILOSOFOI
<P 164D>
'EINAI LANQANOMEN 'TAUTA 'EKEINOI$ TOI$ DEINOI$ 'ANDRASIN
POIOUNTE$.
QEAI ^ 'OUPW MANQANW0 "OPW$ LEGEI$.
SW ^ 'ALL' 'EGW PEIRASOMAI DHLWSAI0 PERI= 'AUTWN "O= GE-DH
NOW0. 'HROMEQA GAR-DH 'EI MAQWN KAI MEMNHMENO$ TI$ TI
MH 'EPISTATAI, KAI TON 'IDONTA KAI MUSANTA MEMNHMENON
"ORWNTA DE 'OU= 'APODEIXANTE$, 'OUK 'EIDOTA 'APEDEIXAMEN KAI
"AMA MEMNHMENON; TOUTO D' 'EINAI 'ADUNATON. KAI "OUTW DH
MUQO$ 'APWLETO "O PRWTAGOREIO$, KAI "O SO$ "AMA "O TH$
'EPISTHMH$ KAI 'AISQHSEW$ "OTI4 'TAUTON 'ESTIN.
<P 164E>
QEAI ^ FAINETAI.
SW ^ 'OU TI 'AN4, 'OIMAI, 'W* FILE, 'EIPER GE "O PATHR TOU* "ETEROU
MUQOU 'EZH, 'ALLA= POLLA 'AN4 'HMUNE; NU*N DE 'ORFANON 'AUTON
"HMEI$ PROPHLAKIZOMEN. KAI-GAR-'OUD' "OI 'EPITROPOI, "OU$ PRWTAGORA$
KATELIPEN, BOHQEIN 'EQELOUSIN0, "WN QEODWRO$ "EI$ "ODE.
'ALLA=-DH 'AUTOI KINDUNEUSOMEN TOU* DIKAIOU "ENEK' 'AUTWI BOHQEIN.
QEO ^ 'OU-GAR 'EGW, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALLA= MALLON KALLIA$


<P 165A>
"O "IPPONIKOU TWN 'EKEINOU 'EPITROPO$; "HMEI$ DE PW$ QATTON
'EK TWN YILWN LOGWN PRO$ THN GEWMETRIAN 'APENEUSAMEN.
CARIN GE-MENTOI SOI4 "EXOMEN 'EA=N 'AUTWI BOHQHI$.
SW ^ KALW$ LEGEI$, 'W* QEODWRE. SKEYAI 'OUN THN G'
'EMHN BOHQEIAN. TWN GAR 'ARTI DEINO=TERA 'AN4 TI$ "OMOLOGHSEIEN
MH PROSECWN TOI$ "RHMASI TON NOUN, "HI TO POLU
'EIQISMEQA FANAI0 TE-KAI 'APARNEISQAI. SOI4 LEGW3 "OPHI, 'H=
QEAITHTWI.
QEO ^ 'EI$ TO KOINON MEN-'OUN, 'APOKRINESQW DE "O NEWTERO$;
<P 165B>
SFALEI=$ GAR "HTTON 'ASCHMONHSEI2.
SW ^ LEGW0 DH TO DEINOTATON 'ERWTHMA, 'ESTI DE 'OIMAI
TOIONDE TI; 'A*RA "OION-TE TON 'AUTON 'EIDOTA TI TOUTO "O= 'OIDEN
MH 'EIDENAI:
QEO ^ TI= DH-'OUN 'APOKRINOUMEQA, 'W* QEAITHTE:
QEAI ^ 'ADUNATON POU, 'OIMAI 'EGWGE.
SW ^ 'OU=K, 'EI TO "ORAN GE 'EPISTASQAI QHSEI$. TI= GAR
CRHSHI2 'AFUKTWI 'ERWTHMATI, TO LEGOMENON 'EN FREATI SUSCOMENO$,
"OTAN 'ERWTA*I2 'ANEKPLHKTO$ 'ANHR, KATALABWN THI CEIRI
<P 165C>
SOU4 TON "ETERON 'OFQALMON, 'EI "ORA*I$0 TO "IMATION TW*I
KATEILHMMENWI:
QEAI ^ 'OU FHSW2 'OIMAI TOUTWI GE, TW*I MENTOI "ETERWI.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N "ORA*I$0 TE-KAI 'OUC "ORA*I$0 "AMA 'TAUTON:
QEAI ^ "OUTW GE PW$.
SW ^ 'OUDEN 'EGW, FHSEI2, TOUTO 'OUTE TATTW0 'OUT' 'HROMHN
TO "OPW$, 'ALL' 'EI "O= 'EPISTASAI, TOUTO KAI 'OUK 'EPISTASAI.
NU*N DE "O= 'OUC "ORA*I$0 "ORWN FAINHI0. "WMOLOGHKW$ DE TUGCANEI$
TO "ORAN 'EPISTASQAI KAI TO MH "ORAN MH 'EPISTASQAI. 'EX
'OUN TOUTWN LOGIZOU TI= SOI4 SUMBAINEI0.
<P 165D>
QEAI ^ 'ALLA= LOGIZOMAI "OTI4 'TANANTIA "OI$ "UPEQEMHN.
SW ^ 'ISW$ DE-G', 'W* QAUMASIE, PLEIW 'AN4 TOIAUT' 'EPAQE$
'EI TI$ SE PROSHRWTA 'EI 'EPISTASQAI 'ESTI20 MEN 'OXU, 'ESTI20 DE
'AMBLU, KAI 'EGGUQEN MEN 'EPISTASQAI, PORRWQEN DE MH, KAI
SFO=DRA KAI 'HREMA TO 'AUTO, KAI 'A=LLA MURIA, "A 'ELLOCWN 'AN4
PELTASTIKO$ 'ANHR MISQOFORO$ 'EN LOGOI$ 'EROMENO$, "HNIK'
'EPISTHMHN KAI 'AISQHSIN 'TAUTON 'EQOU, 'EMBALWN 'AN4 'EI$ TO
'AKOUEIN KAI 'OSFRAINESQAI KAI TA$ TOIAUTA$ 'AISQHSEI$, 'HLEGCEN
<P 165E>
'AN4 'EPECWN KAI 'OUK 'ANIEI=$ PRIN QAUMASA$ THN POLUARATON
SOFIAN SUNEPODISQH$ "UP' 'AUTOU4, "OU4 DH SE CEIRWSAMENO$ TE-KAI
SUNDHSA$ 'HDH 'AN4 TO=TE 'ELUTROU CRHMATWN "OSWN SOI4 TE
'KAKEINWI 'EDOKEI. TI=N' 'OUN-DH "O PRWTAGORA$, FAIH$ 'AN4 'ISW$,
LOGON 'EPIKOURON TOI$ "AUTOU 'EREI2: 'ALLO TI PEIRWMEQA2 LEGEIN:
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ TAUTA TE-DH PANTA "OSA "HMEI$ 'EPAMUNONTE$ 'AUTWI


<P 166A>
LEGOMEN, KAI "OMOSE 'OIMAI CWRHSETAI KATAFRONWN "HMWN KAI
LEGWN; "OUTO$ DH "O SWKRATH$ "O CRHSTO$, 'EPEIDH 'AUTWI
PAIDION TI 'ERWTHQEN 'EDEISEN 'EI "OION-TE TON 'AUTON TO 'AUTO
MEMNHSQAI "AMA KAI MH 'EIDENAI, KAI DEISAN 'APEFHSEN DIA= TO
MH DUNASQAI PROORAN, GELWTA DH TON 'EME 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$
'APEDEIXEN. TO DE, 'W* "RA\QUMOTATE SWKRATE$, THID' 'ECEI0; "OTAN
TI TWN 'EMWN DI' 'ERWTHSEW$ SKOPHI$, 'EA=N MEN "O 'ERWTHQEI$
"OI*APER 'AN4 'EGW 'APOKRINAIMHN 'APOKRINAMENO$ SFALLHTAI, 'EGW
<P 166B>
'ELEGCOMAI, 'EI DE 'ALLOI*A, 'AUTO$ "O 'ERWTHQEI$. 'AUTIKA GAR
DOKEI$ TINA SOI4 SUGCWRHSESQAI MNHMHN PAREINAI TWI "WN
'EPAQE, TOIOUTON TI 'OUSAN PAQO$ "OION "OTE 'EPASCE, MHKETI
PASCONTI: POLLOU GE DEI. 'H= 'AU 'APOKNHSEIN "OMOLOGEIN "OION-T'-'EINAI
'EIDENAI KAI MH 'EIDENAI TON 'AUTON TO 'AUTO: 'H= 'EANPER
TOUTO DEISHI6, DWSEIN POTE TON 'AUTON 'EINAI TON 'ANOMOIOUMENON
TW*I PRIN 'ANOMOIOUSQAI 'ONTI: MALLON DE TON 'EINAI TINA
'ALL' 'OUCI TOU$, KAI TOUTOU$ GIGNOMENOU$ 'APEIROU$, 'EANPER
<P 166C>
'ANOMOIWSI$ GIGNHTAI, 'EI DH 'ONOMATWN GE DEHSEI2 QHREUSEI$
DIEULABEISQAI 'ALLHLWN: 'ALL', 'W* MAKARIE, FHSEI2, GENNAIOTERW$
'EP' 'AUTO 'ELQWN "O= LEGW0, 'EI DUNASAI, 'EXELEGXON2 "W$ 'OUCI
'IDIAI 'AISQHSEI$ "EKASTWI "HMWN GIGNONTAI, 'H= "W$ 'IDIWN GIGNOMENWN
'OUDEN TI 'AN4 MALLON TO FAINOMENON MONWI 'EKEINWI
GIGNOITO, 'H= 'EI 'EINAI DEI 'ONOMAZEIN, 'EIH "WIPER FAINETAI; "U$ DE-DH-KAI
KUNOKEFALOU$ LEGWN 'OU MONON 'AUTO$ "UHNEI$, 'ALLA=-KAI
TOU$ 'AKOUONTA$ TOUTO DRAN 'EI$ TA SUGGRAMMATA MOU 'ANAPEIQEI$,
<P 166D>
'OU KALW$ POIW*N. 'EGW GAR FHMI MEN THN 'ALHQEIAN
'ECEIN "W$ GEGRAFA; METRON GAR "EKASTON "HMWN 'EINAI TWN TE
'ONTWN0 KAI MH, MURION MENTOI DIAFEREIN "ETERON "ETEROU 'AUTWI
TOUTWI, "OTI4 TW*I MEN 'A=LLA 'ESTI TE-KAI FAINETAI, TW*I DE 'A=LLA.
KAI SOFIAN KAI SOFON 'ANDRA POLLOU DEW0 TO MH FANAI0 'EINAI,
'ALL' 'AUTON TOUTON KAI LEGW0 SOFON, "O$ 'AN4 TINI "HMWN,
"WI FAINETAI KAI 'ESTI KAKA, METABALLWN POIHSHI6 'AGAQA FAINESQAI
TE-KAI 'EINAI. TON DE LOGON 'AU MH TW*I "RHMATI MOU
<P 166E>
DIWKE, 'ALL' "WDE 'ETI SAFESTERON MAQE TI= LEGW0. "OION GAR 'EN
TOI$ PROSQEN 'ELEGETO 'ANAMNHSQHTI, "OTI4 TW*I MEN 'ASQENOUNTI
PIKRA FAINETAI "A 'ESQIEI0 KAI 'ESTI, TW*I DE "UGIAINONTI 'TANANTIA
'ESTI KAI FAINETAI. SOFWTERON MEN-'OUN TOUTWN 'OUDETERON DEI


<P 167A>
POIHSAI0 % 'OUDE-GAR DUNATON % 'OUDE KATHGORHTEON "W$ "O MEN
KAMNWN 'AMAQH$ "OTI4 TOIAUTA DOXAZEI0, "O DE "UGIAINWN SOFO$
"OTI4 'ALLOI*A, METABLHTEON D' 'EPI QATERA; 'AMEINWN GAR "H "ETE=RA
"EXI$. "OUTW DE-KAI 'EN THI PAIDEIA\ 'APO "ETERA$ "EXEW$ 'EPI THN
'AMEINW METABLHTEON; 'ALL' "O MEN 'IATRO$ FARMAKOI$ METABALLEI0,
"O DE SOFISTH$ LOGOI$. 'EPEI 'OU TI GE YEUDH DOXAZONTA
TI$ TINA "USTERON 'ALHQH 'EPOIHSE DOXAZEIN; 'OUTE-GAR TA MH
'ONTA DUNATON DOXASAI0, 'OUTE 'A=LLA PAR' "A 'AN4 PASCHI5, TAUTA
<P 167B>
DE 'AEI 'ALHQH. 'ALL' 'OIMAI PONHRA$ YUCH$ "EXEI DOXAZONTA
SUGGENH "EAUTH$ CRHSTH 'EPOIHSE DOXASAI0 "E=TERA TOIAUTA, "A DH
TINE$ TA FANTASMATA "UPO 'APEIRIA$ 'ALHQH KALOUSIN0, 'EGW
DE BELTIW MEN TA "E=TERA TWN "ETERWN, 'ALHQE=STERA DE 'OUDEN.
KAI TOU$ SOFOU$, 'W* FILE SWKRATE$, POLLOU DEW0 BATRACOU$
LEGEIN, 'ALLA= KATA MEN SWMATA 'IATROU$ LEGW0, KATA DE FUTA
GEWRGOU$. FHMI GAR-KAI TOUTOU$ TOI$ FUTOI$ 'ANTI PONHRWN
<P 167C>
'AISQHSEWN, "OTAN TI 'AUTWN 'ASQENHI5, CRHSTA$ KAI "UGIEINA$
'AISQHSEI$ TE-KAI 'ALHQEI$ 'EMPOIEIN, TOU$ DE-GE SOFOU$ TE-KAI
'AGAQOU$ "RHTORA$ TAI$ POLESI TA CRHSTA 'ANTI TWN PONHRWN
DI=KAIA DOKEIN 'EINAI POIEIN. 'EPEI "OI*A G' 'AN4 "EKASTHI POLEI DI=KAIA
KAI KALA DOKHI5, TAUTA KAI 'EINAI 'AUTHI, "EW$ 'AN4 'AUTA NOMIZHI5; 'ALL'
"O SOFO$ 'ANTI PONHRWN 'ONTWN0 'AUTOI$ "EKASTWN CRHSTA 'EPOIHSEN
'EINAI KAI DOKEIN. KATA DE TON 'AUTON LOGON KAI "O SOFISTH$
TOU$ PAIDEUOMENOU$ "OUTW DUNAMENO$ PAIDAGWGEIN SOFO$ TE-KAI
<P 167D>
'AXIO$ POLLWN CRHMATWN TOI$ PAIDEUQEISIN. KAI "OUTW
SOFWTEROI TE 'EISIN "ETEROI "ETERWN KAI 'OUDEI$ YEUDH DOXAZEI0,
KAI SOI4, 'EANTE BOULHI3 'EANTE MH, 'ANEKTEON 'ONTI METRWI; SWIZETAI
GAR 'EN TOUTOI$ "O LOGO$ "OUTO$. "WI SU 'EI MEN 'ECEI$ 'EX 'ARCH$
'AMFISBHTEIN, 'AMFISBHTEI5 LOGWI 'ANTIDIEXELQWN; 'EI DE DI'
'ERWTHSEWN BOULEI, DI' 'ERWTHSEWN; 'OUDE-GAR TOUTO FEUKTEON,
'ALLA= PANTWN MALISTA DIWKTEON TW*I NOUN 'ECONTI. POIEI5
<P 167E>
MENTOI "OUTWSI; MH 'ADIKEI5 'EN TW*I 'ERWTAN. KAI-GAR POLLH
'ALOGIA 'ARETH$ FASKONTA 'EPIMELEISQAI MHDEN 'ALL'-'H= 'ADIKOUNTA
'EN LOGOI$ DIATELEIN0. 'ADIKEIN D' 'ESTIN 'EN TW*I TOIOUTWI, "OTAN
TI$ MH CWRI$ MEN "W$ 'AGWNIZOMENO$ TA$ DIATRIBA$ POIHTAI,
CWRI$ DE DIALEGOMENO$, KAI 'EN MEN TW*I PAIZHI5 TE-KAI SFALLHI5
KAQ' "OSON 'AN4 DUNHTAI, 'EN DE TW*I DIALEGESQAI SPOUDAZHI5 TE-KAI
'EPANORQOI2 TON PROSDIALEGOMENON, 'EKEINA MONA 'AUTWI 'ENDEIKNUMENO$


<P 168A>
TA SFALMATA, "A 'AUTO$ "UF' "EAUTOU KAI TWN PROTERWN
SUNOUSIWN PAREKEKROUSTO. 'AN2 MEN-GAR "OUTW POIHI$, "EAUTOU$
'AITIASONTAI "OI PROSDIATRIBONTE$ SOI4 TH$ "AUTWN TARACH$ KAI
'APORIA$ 'ALL' 'OU SE, KAI SE MEN DIWXONTAI KAI FILHSOUSIN2,
"AUTOU$ DE MISHSOUSI2 KAI FEUXONTAI 'AF' "EAUTWN 'EI$ FILOSOFIAN,
"IN' 'ALLOI GENOMENOI 'APALLAGWSI TWN "OI= PROTERON
'HSAN; 'EA=N DE 'TANANTIA TOUTWN DRA*I$2 "WSPER "OI POLLOI,
'TANANTIA SUMBHSETAI SOI4 KAI TOU$ SUNONTA$ 'ANTI FILOSOFWN
<P 168B>
MISOUNTA$ TOUTO TO PRAGMA 'APOFANEI*$ 'EPEIDAN PRESBUTEROI
GENWNTAI. 'EA=N 'OUN 'EMOI4 PEIQHI3, "O= KAI PROTERON 'ERRHQH, 'OU
DUSMENW$ 'OUDE MACHTIKW$ 'ALL' "ILEWI THI DIANOIA\ SUGKAQEI$
"W$ 'ALHQW$ SKEYHI2 TI= POTE LEGOMEN, KINEISQAI TE 'APOFAINOMENOI
TA PANTA TO TE DOKOUN "EKASTWI TOUTO KAI 'EINAI 'IDIWTHI
TE-KAI POLEI. KAI 'EK TOUTWN 'EPISKEYHI2 'EI=TE 'TAUTON 'EI=TE-KAI
'ALLO 'EPISTHMH KAI 'AISQHSI$, 'ALL' 'OUC "WSPER 'ARTI 'EK SUNHQEIA$
<P 168C>
"RHMATWN TE-KAI 'ONOMATWN, "A "OI POLLOI "OPHI 'AN4 TUCWSIN
"ELKONTE$ 'APORIA$ 'ALLHLOI$ PANTODAPA$ PARECOUSI0. TAUTA,
'W* QEODWRE, TW*I "ETAIRWI SOU4 'EI$ BOHQEIAN PROSHRXAMHN KAT'
'EMHN DUNAMIN SMIKRA 'APO SMIKRWN; 'EI D' 'AUTO$ 'EZH, MEGALEIOTERON
'AN4 TOI$ "AUTOU 'EBOHQHSEN.
QEO ^ PAIZEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$; PANU GAR NEANIKW$ TW*I 'ANDRI
BEBOHQHKA$.
SW ^ 'EU LEGEI$, 'W* "ETAIRE. KAI MOI 'EIPE=; 'ENENOHSA$ POU
LEGONTO$ 'ARTI TOU* PRWTAGOROU KAI 'ONEIDIZONTO$ "HMIN "OTI4
<P 168D>
PRO$ PAIDION TOU$ LOGOU$ POIOUMENOI TW*I TOU* PAIDO$ FOBWI
'AGWNIZOIMEQA 'EI$ TA "EAUTOU, KAI CARIENTISMON TINA 'APOKALWN0,
'APOSEMNUNWN DE TO PANTWN METRON, SPOUDASAI0 "HMA$
DIEKELEUSATO PERI= TON "AUTOU LOGON:
QEO ^ PW*$ GAR 'OUK 'ENENOHSA, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW ^ TI= 'OUN: KELEUEI$ PEIQESQAI 'AUTWI:
QEO ^ SFO=DRA GE.
SW ^ "ORA*I$0 'OUN "OTI4 TADE PANTA PLHN SOU4 PAIDIA 'ESTIN.
'EI 'OUN PEISOMEQA TW*I 'ANDRI, 'EME KAI SE DEI 'ERWTWNTA$ TE-KAI
<P 168E>
'APOKRINOMENOU$ 'ALLHLOI$ SPOUDASAI0 'AUTOU4 PERI= TON LOGON,
"INA MH TOUTO GE 'ECHI5 'EGKALEIN0, "W$ PAIZONTE$ PRO$ MEIRAKIA
DIESKEYAMEQ' 'AUTOU4 TON LOGON.
QEO ^ TI= D': 'OU POLLWN TOI QEAITHTO$ MEGALOU$ PWGWNA$
'ECONTWN0 'AMEINON 'AN4 'EPAKOLOUQHSEIE LOGWI DIEREUNWMENWI:
SW ^ 'ALL' 'OU TI SOU4 GE, 'W* QEODWRE, 'AMEINON. MH-'OUN
'OIOU 'EME MEN TW*I SWI "ETAIRWI TETELEUTHKOTI DEIN PANTI TROPWI


<P 169A>
'EPAMUNEIN0, SE DE MHDENI. 'ALL' 'IQI, 'W* 'ARISTE, 'OLIGON 'EPISPOU,
MECRI TOUTOU 'AUTOU4 "EW$ 'AN4 'EIDWMEN 'EI=TE-'A=RA SE DEI DIAGRAMMATWN
PE=RI METRON 'EINAI, 'EI=TE PANTE$ "OMOIW$ SOI4 "IKANOI
"EAUTOI$ 'EI$ TE 'ASTRONOMIAN KAI 'TALLA "WN DH SU PE=RI 'AITIAN
'ECEI$ DIAFEREIN.
QEO ^ 'OU "RA\DION, 'W* SWKRATE$, SOI4 PARAKAQHMENON MH
DIDONAI LOGON, 'ALL' 'EGW 'ARTI PARELHRHSA FASKWN SE 'EPITREYEIN
MOI MH 'APODUESQAI, KAI 'OUCI 'ANAGKASEIN KAQAPER
LAKEDAIMONIOI; SU DE MOI DOKEI$ PRO$ TON SKIRWNA MALLON
<P 169B>
TEINEIN. LAKEDAIMONIOI MEN-GAR 'APIENAI 'H= 'APODUESQAI
KELEUOUSI0, SU DE KAT' 'ANTAION TI MOI MALLON DOKEI$ TO
DRAMA DRAN; TON GAR PROSELQONTA 'OUK 'ANIH$ PRIN 'AN74
'ANAGKASHI$ 'APODUSA$ 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$ PROSPALAISAI0.
SW ^ 'ARISTA GE, 'W* QEODWRE, THN NOSON MOU 'APHIKASA$;
'ISCURIKWTERO$ MENTOI 'EGW 'EKEINWN. MURIOI GAR 'HDH MOI
"HRAKLEE$ TE-KAI QHSEE$ 'ENTUCONTE$ KARTEROI PRO$ TO LEGEIN
MAL' 'EU SUGKEKOFASIN, 'ALL' 'EGW 'OUDEN TI MALLON 'AFISTAMAI;
<P 169C>
"OUTW TI$ 'ERW$ DEINO$ 'ENDEDUKE0 TH$ PERI= TAUTA GUMNASIA$.
MH-'OUN-MHDE SU FQONHSHI$ PROSANATRIYAMENO$ SAUTON TE
"AMA KAI 'EME 'ONHSAI0.
QEO ^ 'OUDEN 'ETI 'ANTILEGW0, 'ALL' 'AGE "OPHI 'QELEI$; PANTW$
THN PERI= TAUTA "EIMARMENHN "HN 'AN74 SU 'EPIKLWSHI$ DEI 'ANATLHNAI0
'ELEGCOMENON. 'OU-MENTOI PERAITERW GE "WN PROTIQESAI
"OIO$-T'-'ESOMAI PARASCEIN 'EMAUTON SOI4.
SW ^ 'ALL' 'ARKEI0 KAI MECRI TOUTWN. KAI MOI PANU THREI5
TO TOIONDE, MH POU PAIDIKON TI LAQWMEN 'EIDO$ TWN LOGWN
<P 169D>
POIOUMENOI, KAI TI$ PALIN "HMIN 'AUTO 'ONEIDISHI6.
QEO ^ 'ALLA=-DH PEIRASOMAI GE KAQ' "OSON 'AN4 DUNWMAI.
SW ^ TOUDE TOINUN PRWTON PALIN 'ANTILABWMEQA "OUPER2 TO
PROTERON, KAI 'IDWMEN 'ORQW$ 'H= 'OUK 'ORQW$ 'EDUSCERAINOMEN
'EPITIMWNTE$ TW*I LOGWI "OTI4 'AUTARKH "EKASTON 'EI$ FRONHSIN
'EPOIEI, KAI "HMIN SUNECWRHSEN "O PRWTAGORA$ PERI= TE TOU*
'AMEINONO$ KAI CEIRONO$ DIAFEREIN TINA$, "OU$ DH-KAI 'EINAI
SOFOU$. 'OUCI:
QEO ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'EI MEN-TOINUN 'AUTO$ PARWN "WMOLOGEI 'ALLA= MH "HMEI$
<P 169E>
BOHQOUNTE$ "UPER 'AUTOU4 SUNECWRHSAMEN, 'OUDEN 'AN4 PALIN 'EDEI
'EPANALABONTA$ BEBAIOUSQAI; NU*N DE TAC' 'AN4 TI$ "HMA$ 'AKUROU$
TIQEIH TH$ "UPER 'EKEINOU "OMOLOGIA$. DIO KALLIONW$ 'ECEI0
SAFESTERON PERI= TOUTOU 'AUTOU4 DIOMOLOGHSASQAI; 'OU-GAR TI
SMIKRON PARALLATTEI0 "OUTW$ 'ECON 'H= 'ALLW$.
QEO ^ LEGEI$ 'ALHQH.
SW ^ MH-TOINUN DI' 'ALLWN 'ALL' 'EK TOU* 'EKEINOU LOGOU "W$


<P 170A>
DIA= BRACUTATWN LABWMEN THN "OMOLOGIAN.
QEO ^ PW*$:
SW ^ "OUTWSI; TO DOKOUN "EKASTWI TOUTO KAI 'EINAI FHSI
POU "WI DOKEI0:
QEO ^ FHSI GAR-'OUN.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N, 'W* PRWTAGORA, KAI "HMEI$ 'ANQRWPOU, MALLON
DE PANTWN 'ANQRWPWN DOXA$ LEGOMEN, KAI FAMEN 'OUDENA
"ONTINA 'OU TA MEN "AUTON "HGEISQAI TWN 'ALLWN SOFWTERON, TA
DE 'ALLOU$ "EAUTOU, KAI 'EN GE TOI$ MEGISTOI$ KINDUNOI$, "OTAN
'EN STRATEIAI$ 'H= NOSOI$ 'H= 'EN QALATTHI CEIMAZWNTAI, "WSPER
PRO$ QEOU$ 'ECEIN TOU$ 'EN "EKASTOI$ 'ARCONTA$, SWTHRA$ SFWN
<P 170B>
PROSDOKWNTA$, 'OUK 'ALLWI TWI DIAFERONTA$ 'H= TW*I 'EIDENAI; KAI
PANTA POU MESTA 'TANQRWPINA ZHTOUNTWN0 DIDASKALOU$ TE-KAI
'ARCONTA$ "EAUTWN TE-KAI TWN 'ALLWN ZWIWN TWN TE 'ERGASIWN,
'OIOMENWN TE 'AU "IKANWN MEN DIDASKEIN, "IKANWN DE 'ARCEIN
'EINAI. KAI 'EN TOUTOI$ "APASI TI= 'ALLO FHSOMEN 'H= 'AUTOU$ TOU$
'ANQRWPOU$ "HGEISQAI SOFIAN KAI 'AMAQIAN 'EINAI PARA SFISIN:
QEO ^ 'OUDEN 'ALLO.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N THN MEN SOFIAN 'ALHQH DIANOIAN "HGOUNTAI,
THN DE 'AMAQIAN YEUDH DOXAN:
<P 170C>
QEO ^ TI= MHN:
SW ^ TI= 'OUN, 'W* PRWTAGORA, CRHSOMEQA TW*I LOGWI: POTERON
'ALHQH FWMEN 'AEI TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ DOXAZEIN, 'H= TOTE= MEN
'ALHQH, TOTE= DE YEUDH: 'EX 'AMFOTERWN GAR-POU SUMBAINEI0 MH
'AEI 'ALHQH 'ALL' 'AMFO=TERA 'AUTOU$ DOXAZEIN. SKOPEI5 GAR, 'W*
QEODWRE, 'EI 'EQELOI 'AN4 TI$ TWN 'AMFI PRWTAGORAN 'H= SU
'AUTO$ DIAMACESQAI "W$ 'OUDEI$ "HGEITAI "ETERO$ "ETERON 'AMAQH
TE 'EINAI KAI YEUDH DOXAZEIN.
QEO ^ 'ALL' 'APISTON, 'W* SWKRATE$.
<P 170D>
SW ^ KAI-MHN 'EI$ TOUTO GE 'ANAGKH$ "O LOGO$ "HKEI0 "O
PANTWN1 CRHMATWN1 METRON1 'ANQRWPON1 LEGWN.
QEO ^ PW*$ DH:
SW ^ "OTAN SU KRINA$ TI PARA SAUTWI PRO$ ME 'APOFAINHI3
PERI= TINO$ DOXAN, SOI4 MEN-DH TOUTO KATA TON 'EKEINOU LOGON
'ALHQE$ 'ESTW, "HMIN DE-DH TOI$ 'ALLOI$ PERI= TH$ SH$ KRISEW$
POTERON 'OUK 'ESTIN2 KRITAI$ GENESQAI, 'H= 'AEI SE KRINOMEN
'ALHQH DOXAZEIN: 'H= MURIOI "EKASTOTE SOI4 MACONTAI 'ANTIDOXAZONTE$,
"HGOUMENOI YEUDH KRINEIN0 TE-KAI 'OIESQAI:
<P 170E>
QEO ^ NH TON DI=A, 'W* SWKRATE$, MALA9 MURIOI9 DHTA,
FHSIN "OMHRO$, "OI= GE MOI TA 'EX 'ANQRWPWN PRAGMATA
PARECOUSIN0.
SW ^ TI= 'OUN: BOULEI LEGWMEN "W$ SU TO=TE SAUTWI MEN
'ALHQH DOXAZEI$, TOI$ DE MURIOI$ YEUDH:
QEO ^ 'EOIKEN0 'EK GE TOU* LOGOU 'ANAGKH 'EINAI.
SW ^ TI= DE 'AUTWI PRWTAGORA\: 'A*R' 'OUCI 'ANAGKH, 'EI MEN-MHDE
'AUTO$ 'WIETO METRON 'EINAI 'ANQRWPON MHDE "OI POLLOI,
"WSPER 'OUDE 'OIONTAI, MHDENI DH 'EINAI TAUTHN THN 'ALHQEIAN


<P 171A>
"HN 'EKEINO$ 'EGRAYEN: 'EI DE 'AUTO$ MEN 'WIETO, TO DE PLHQO$ MH
SUNOIETAI, 'OISQ' "OTI4 PRWTON MEN "OSWI PLEIOU$ "OI$ MH DOKEI0 'H=
"OI$ DOKEI0, TOSOUTWI MALLON 'OUK 'ESTIN 'H= 'ESTIN.
QEO ^ 'ANAGKH, 'EIPER GE KAQ' "EKASTHN DOXAN 'ESTAI KAI
'OUK 'ESTAI.
SW ^ 'EPEITA GE TOUT' 'ECEI0 KOMYOTATON; 'EKEINO$ MEN PERI=
TH$ "AUTOU 'OIHSEW$ THN TWN 'ANTIDOXAZONTWN0 'OIHSIN, "HI 'EKEINON
"HGOUNTAI YEUDESQAI, SUGCWREI0 POU 'ALHQH 'EINAI "OMOLOGWN
TA 'ONTA DOXAZEIN "APANTA$.
QEO ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
<P 171B>
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N THN "AUTOU 'AN4 YEUDH SUGCWROI, 'EI THN TWN
"HGOUMENWN 'AUTON YEUDESQAI "OMOLOGEI0 'ALHQH 'EINAI:
QEO ^ 'ANAGKH.
SW ^ "OI DE-G' 'ALLOI 'OU SUGCWROUSIN0 "EAUTOI$ YEUDESQAI:
QEO ^ 'OU-GAR-'OUN.
SW ^ "O DE-G' 'AU "OMOLOGEI0 KAI TAUTHN 'ALHQH THN DOXAN
'EX "WN GEGRAFEN0.
QEO ^ FAINETAI.
SW ^ 'EX "APANTWN 'A=RA 'APO PRWTAGOROU 'ARXAMENWN
'AMFISBHTHSETAI, MALLON DE "UPO GE 'EKEINOU "OMOLOGHSETAI,
"OTAN TW*I 'TANANTIA LEGONTI SUGCWRHI5 'ALHQH 'AUTON DOXAZEIN,
<P 171C>
TO=TE KAI "O PRWTAGORA$ 'AUTO$ SUGCWRHSETAI MHTE KUNA MHTE
TON 'EPITUCONTA 'ANQRWPON METRON 'EINAI MHDE PERI= "ENO$ "OU2 'AN4
MH MAQHI6. 'OUC "OUTW$:
QEO ^ "OUTW$.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EPEIDH 'AMFISBHTEITAI "UPO PANTWN, 'OUDENI
'AN4 'EIH "H PRWTAGOROU 'ALHQEIA 'ALHQH$, 'OUTE TINI 'ALLWI 'OUT'
'AUTWI 'EKEINWI.
QEO ^ 'AGAN, 'W* SWKRATE$, TON "ETAIRON MOU KATAQEOMEN.
SW ^ 'ALLA=-TOI, 'W* FILE, 'ADHLON 'EI KAI PARAQEOMEN TO
'ORQON. 'EIKO$ GE-'A=RA 'EKEINON PRESBUTERON 'ONTA SOFWTERON
<P 171D>
"HMWN 'EINAI; KAI 'EI 'AUTIKA 'ENTEUQEN 'ANAKUYEIE MECRI TOU*
'AUCENO$, POLLA 'AN4 'EME TE 'ELEGXA$ LHROUNTA, "W$ TO 'EIKO$,
KAI SE "OMOLOGOUNTA, KATADU$ 'AN4 'OICOITO 'APOTRECWN. 'ALL'
"HMIN 'ANAGKH 'OIMAI CRHSQAI "HMIN-'AUTOI$ "OPOIOI TINE$ 'ESMEN,
KAI TA DOKOUNTA 'AEI TAUTA LEGEIN. KAI-DHTA-KAI NU*N 'ALLO
TI FWMEN "OMOLOGEIN 'AN4 TOUTO GE "ONTINOUN, TO 'EINAI SOFWTERON
"ETERON "ETEROU, 'EINAI DE-KAI 'AMAQESTERON:
QEO ^ 'EMOI4 GOUN DOKEI0.
SW ^ 'H*-KAI TAUTHI 'AN4 MALISTA "ISTASQAI TON LOGON, "HI
<P 171E>
"HMEI$ "UPEGRAYAMEN BOHQOUNTE$ PRWTAGORA\, "W$ TA MEN
POLLA "HI DOKEI0, TAUTHI KAI 'ESTIN "EKASTWI, QERMA, XHRA,
GLUKEA, PANTA "OSA TOU* TUPOU TOUTOU; 'EI DE-POU 'EN TISI
SUGCWRHSETAI DIAFEREIN 'ALLON 'ALLOU, PERI= TA "UGIEINA KAI
NOSWDH 'EQELHSAI0 'AN4 FANAI0 MH PAN GUNAION KAI PAIDION, KAI
QHRION DE, "IKANON 'EINAI 'IASQAI "AUTO GIGNWSKON "EAUTWI TO
"UGIEINON, 'ALLA= 'ENTAUQA DH 'ALLON 'ALLOU DIAFEREIN, 'EIPER
POU:
QEO ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0 "OUTW$.


<P 172A>
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI PERI= POLITIKWN, KALA MEN-KAI 'AISCRA
KAI DI=KAIA KAI 'ADIKA KAI "O=SIA KAI MH, "OI*A 'AN4 "EKASTH POLI$
'OIHQEISA QHTAI NOMIMA "AUTHI, TAUTA KAI 'EINAI THI 'ALHQEIA\
"EKASTHI, KAI 'EN TOUTOI$ MEN 'OUDEN SOFWTERON 'OUTE 'IDIWTHN
'IDIWTOU 'OUTE POLIN POLEW$ 'EINAI; 'EN DE TW*I SUMFERONTA
"EAUTHI 'H= MH SUMFERONTA TIQESQAI, 'ENTAUQ', 'EIPER POU, 'AU
"OMOLOGHSEI2 SUMBOULON TE SUMBOULOU DIAFEREIN KAI POLEW$
DOXAN "ETERAN "ETERA$ PRO$ 'ALHQEIAN, KAI 'OUK 'AN4 PANU TOLMHSEIE
<P 172B>
FHSAI0, "A 'AN4 QHTAI POLI$ SUMFERONTA 'OIHQEISA "AUTHI,
PANTO$ MALLON TAUTA KAI SUNOISEIN; 'ALL' 'EKEI "OU4 LEGW0, 'EN
TOI$ DIKAIOI$ KAI 'ADIKOI$ KAI "OSIOI$ KAI 'ANOSIOI$, 'EQELOUSIN0
'ISCURIZESQAI "W$ 'OUK 'ESTI FUSEI 'AUTWN 'OUDEN 'OUSIAN "EAUTOU
'ECON, 'ALLA= TO KOINHI DOXAN TOUTO GIGNETAI 'ALHQE$ TO=TE, "OTAN
DOXHI6 KAI "OSON 'AN4 DOKHI5 CRONON. KAI "OSOI GE 'AN4 MH PANTAPASI
TON PRWTAGOROU LOGON LEGWSIN, "WDE PW$ THN SOFIAN 'AGOUSI0.
LOGO$ DE "HMA$, 'W* QEODWRE, 'EK LOGOU MEIZWN 'EX 'ELATTONO$
<P 172C>
KATALAMBANEI0.
QEO ^ 'OUKOU*N SCOLHN 'AGOMEN, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW ^ FAINOMEQA. KAI POLLAKI$ MEN-GE-DH, 'W* DAIMONIE,
KAI 'ALLOTE KATENOHSA, 'ATAR-KAI NU*N, "W$ 'EIKOTW$ "OI 'EN TAI$
FILOSOFIAI$ POLUN CRONON DIATRIYANTE$ 'EI$ TA DIKASTHRIA
'IONTE$ GELOIOI FAINONTAI "RHTORE$.
QEO ^ PW*$ DH-'OUN LEGEI$:
SW ^ KINDUNEUOUSIN0 "OI 'EN DIKASTHRIOI$ KAI TOI$ TOIOUTOI$
'EK NEWN KULINDOUMENOI PRO$ TOU$ 'EN FILOSOFIA\ KAI THI
<P 172D>
TOIA*IDE DIATRIBHI TEQRAMMENOU$ "W$ 'OIKETAI PRO$ 'ELEUQEROU$
TEQRAFQAI.
QEO ^ PH*I DH:
SW ^ "HI TOI$ MEN TOUTO "O= SU 'EIPE$ 'AEI PARESTI, SCOLH,
KAI TOU$ LOGOU$ 'EN 'EIRHNHI 'EPI SCOLH$ POIOUNTAI; "WSPER
"HMEI$ NUNI TRITON 'HDH LOGON 'EK LOGOU METALAMBANOMEN,
"OUTW 'KAKEINOI, 'EA=N 'AUTOU$ "O 'EPELQWN TOU* PROKEIMENOU MALLON
KAQAPER "HMA$ 'ARESHI6. KAI DIA= MAKRWN 'H= BRACEWN MELEI0
'OUDEN LEGEIN, 'AN2 MONON TUCWSI TOU* 'ONTO$; "OI DE 'EN 'ASCOLIA\
<P 172E>
TE 'AEI LEGOUSI0 % KATEPEIGEI0 GAR "UDWR "REON % KAI 'OUK 'EGCWREI0
PERI= "OU2 'AN4 'EPIQUMHSWSI TOU$ LOGOU$ POIEISQAI, 'ALL' 'ANAGKHN
'ECWN "O 'ANTIDIKO$ 'EFESTHKEN0 KAI "UPOGRAFHN PARANAGIGNWSKOMENHN
"WN 'EKTO$ 'OU "RHTEON "HN8 'ANTWMOSIAN8 KALOUSIN80;
"OI DE LOGOI 'AEI PERI= "OMODOULOU PRO$ DESPOTHN KAQHMENON,
'EN CEIRI TINA DIKHN 'ECONTA, KAI "OI 'AGWNE$ 'OUDEPOTE THN
'ALLW$ 'ALL' 'AEI THN PERI= 'AUTOU4, POLLAKI$ DE-KAI PERI= YUCH$


<P 173A>
"O DROMO$; "WST' 'EX "APANTWN TOUTWN 'ENTONOI KAI DRIMEI$
GIGNONTAI, 'EPISTAMENOI TON DESPOTHN LOGWI TE QWPEUSAI0 KAI
'ERGWI "UPELQEIN, SMIKROI DE-KAI 'OUK 'ORQOI TA$ YUCA$. THN
GAR 'AUXHN KAI TO 'EUQU TE-KAI TO 'ELEUQERION "H 'EK NEWN DOULEIA
'AFHIRHTAI, 'ANAGKAZOUSA PRATTEIN SKOLIA, MEGALOU$
KINDUNOU$ KAI FOBOU$ 'ETI "APALAI$ YUCAI$ 'EPIBALLOUSA, "OU$
'OU DUNAMENOI META TOU* DIKAIOU KAI 'ALHQOU$ "UPOFEREIN, 'EUQU$
'EPI TO YEUDO$ TE-KAI TO 'ALLHLOU$ 'ANTADIKEIN TREPOMENOI
<P 173B>
POLLA KAMPTONTAI KAI SUGKLWNTAI0, "WSQ' "UGIE$ 'OUDEN 'ECONTE$
TH$ DIANOIA$ 'EI$ 'ANDRA$ 'EK MEIRAKIWN TELEUTWSI0, DEINOI TE-KAI
SOFOI GEGONOTE$, "W$ 'OIONTAI. KAI "OUTOI MEN-DH TOIOUTOI,
'W* QEODWRE; TOU$ DE TOU* "HMETEROU COROU POTERON BOULEI
DIELQONTE$ 'H= 'EASANTE$ PALIN 'EPI TON LOGON TREPWMEQA, "INA
MH KAI, "O= NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN, LIAN POLU THI 'ELEUQERIA\ KAI
METALHYEI TWN LOGWN KATACRWMEQA2:
QEO ^ MHDAMW$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALLA= DIELQONTE$. PANU
<P 173C>
GAR 'EU TOUTO 'EIRHKA$, "OTI4 'OUC "HMEI$ "OI 'EN TW*I TOIWIDE COREUONTE$
TWN LOGWN "UPHRETAI, 'ALL' "OI LOGOI "HMETEROI "WSPER
'OIKETAI, KAI "EKASTO$ 'AUTWN PERIMENEI0 'APOTELESQHNAI "OTAN
"HMIN DOKHI5; 'OUTE-GAR DIKASTH$ 'OUTE QEATH$ "WSPER POIHTAI$
'EPITIMHSWN TE-KAI 'ARXWN 'EPISTATEI0 PAR' "HMIN.
SW ^ LEGWMEN DH, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'EPEI SOI4 GE DOKEI0, PERI= TWN
KORUFAIWN; TI= GAR 'AN4 TI$ TOU$ GE FAULW$ DIATRIBONTA$ 'EN
FILOSOFIA\ LEGOI: "OUTOI DE-POU 'EK NEWN PRWTON MEN 'EI$
<P 173D>
'AGORAN 'OUK 'ISASI THN "ODON, 'OUDE "OPOU DIKASTHRION 'H= BOULEUTHRION
'H= TI KOINON 'ALLO TH$ POLEW$ SUNEDRION; NOMOU$
DE-KAI YHFISMATA LEGOMENA 'H= GEGRAMMENA 'OUTE "ORWSIN0 'OUTE
'AKOUOUSI0; SPOUDAI DE "ETAIRIWN 'EP' 'ARCA$ KAI SUNODOI KAI DEIPNA
KAI SUN 'AULHTRISI KWMOI, 'OUDE 'ONAR PRATTEIN PROSISTATAI
'AUTOI$. 'EU DE 'H= KAKW$ TI$ GEGONEN0 'EN POLEI, 'H= TI TWI
KAKON 'ESTIN 'EK PROGONWN GEGONO$ 'H= PRO$ 'ANDRWN 'H= GUNAIKWN,
MALLON 'AUTON LELHQEN0 'H= "OI TH$ QALATTH$ LEGOMENOI
<P 173E>
COE$. KAI TAUTA PANT' 'OUD' "OTI4 'OUK 'OIDEN, 'OIDEN; 'OUDE-GAR
'AUTWN 'APECETAI TOU* 'EUDOKIMEIN CARIN, 'ALLA= TW*I-'ONTI TO SWMA
MONON 'EN THI POLEI KEITAI 'AUTOU4 KAI 'EPIDHMEI0, "H DE DIANOIA,
TAUTA PANTA "HGHSAMENH SMIKRA KAI 'OUDEN, 'ATIMASASA PANTACHI
PETETAI1 KATA PINDARON TA$1 TE1 GA$1 "UPENERQE1 KAI
TA 'EPIPEDA GEWMETROUSA, 'OURANOU1 Q'1 "UPER1 'ASTRONOMOUSA,


<P 174A>
KAI PASAN PANTHI FUSIN 'EREUNWMENH TWN 'ONTWN0 "EKASTOU "OLOU,
'EI$ TWN 'EGGU$ 'OUDEN "AUTHN SUGKAQIEISA.
QEO ^ PW*$ TOUTO LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW ^ "WSPER KAI QALHN 'ASTRONOMOUNTA, 'W* QEODWRE, KAI
'ANW BLEPONTA, PESONTA 'EI$ FREAR, QRA*ITTA TI$ 'EMMELH$ KAI
CARIESSA QERAPAINI$ 'APOSKWYAI0 LEGETAI "W$ TA MEN 'EN
'OURANWI PROQUMOITO 'EIDENAI, TA D' 'EMPROSQEN 'AUTOU4 KAI PARA
PODA$ LANQANOI 'AUTON. 'TAUTON DE 'ARKEI0 SKWMMA 'EPI PANTA$
<P 174B>
"OSOI 'EN FILOSOFIA\ DIAGOUSI0. TW*I GAR 'ONTI TON TOIOUTON
"O MEN PLHSION KAI "O GEITWN LELHQEN0, 'OU MONON "OTI2 PRATTEI0,
'ALL' 'OLIGOU KAI 'EI 'ANQRWPO$ 'ESTIN 'H= TI 'ALLO QREMMA; TI= DE
POT' 'ESTIN 'ANQRWPO$ KAI TI= THI TOIAUTHI FUSEI PROSHKEI0
DIAFORON TWN 'ALLWN POIEIN 'H= PASCEIN, ZHTEI0 TE-KAI PRAGMAT'
'ECEI0 DIEREUNWMENO$. MANQANEI$ GAR-POU, 'W* QEODWRE; 'H= 'OU=:
QEO ^ 'EGWGE; KAI 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW ^ TOIGARTOI, 'W* FILE, 'IDIA\ TE SUGGIGNOMENO$ "O TOIOUTO$
<P 174C>
"EKASTWI KAI DHMOSIA\, "OPER 'ARCOMENO$ 'ELEGON, "OTAN 'EN
DIKASTHRIWI 'H= POU 'ALLOQI 'ANAGKASQHI PERI= TWN PARA PODA$
KAI TWN 'EN 'OFQALMOI$ DIALEGESQAI, GELWTA PARECEI0 'OU
MONON QRA\TTAI$ 'ALLA=-KAI TW*I 'ALLWI 'OCLWI, 'EI$ FREATA TE-KAI
PASAN 'APORIAN 'EMPIPTWN "UPO 'APEIRIA$, KAI "H 'ASCHMOSUNH
DEINH, DOXAN 'ABELTERIA$ PARECOMENH; 'EN TE-GAR
TAI$ LOIDORIAI$ 'IDION 'ECEI0 'OUDEN 'OUDENA LOIDOREIN, "AT' 'OUK
'EIDW$ KAKON 'OUDEN 'OUDENO$ 'EK TOU* MH MEMELETHKENAI; 'APORWN
<P 174D>
'OUN GELOIO$ FAINETAI. 'EN TE TOI$ 'EPAINOI$ KAI TAI$ TWN
'ALLWN MEGALAUCIAI$ 'OU PROSPOIHTW$ 'ALLA= TW*I-'ONTI GELWN
'ENDHLO$ GIGNOMENO$ LHRWDH$ DOKEI0 'EINAI. TURANNON TE-GAR
'H= BASILEA 'EGKWMIAZOMENON, "ENA TWN NOMEWN, "OION SUBWTHN
'H= POIMENA 'H= TINA BOUKOLON, "HGEITAI 'AKOUEIN 'EUDAIMONIZOMENON
POLU BDALLONTA; DUSKOLWTERON DE 'EKEINWN ZWION KAI
'EPIBOULOTERON POIMAINEIN TE-KAI BDALLEIN NOMIZEI0 'AUTOU$,
'AGROIKON DE-KAI 'APAIDEUTON "UPO 'ASCOLIA$ 'OUDEN "HTTON TWN
<P 174E>
NOMEWN TON TOIOUTON 'ANAGKAION GIGNESQAI, SHKON 'EN 'OREI TO
TEICO$ PERIBEBLHMENON. GH$ DE "OTAN MURIA PLEQRA 'H= 'ETI
PLEIW 'AKOUSHI6 "W$ TI$ 'A=RA KEKTHMENO$ QAUMASTA PLHQEI
KEKTHTAI, PANSMIKRA DOKEI0 'AKOUEIN 'EI$ "APASAN 'EIWQW$ THN
GHN BLEPEIN. TA DE-DH GENH "UMNOUNTWN0, "W$ GENNAIO$ TI$
"EPTA PAPPOU$ PLOUSIOU$ 'ECWN 'APOFHNAI0, PANTAPASIN
'AMBLU KAI 'EPI SMIKRON "ORWNTWN0 "HGEITAI TON 'EPAINON, "UPO


<P 175A>
'APAIDEUSIA$ 'OU DUNAMENWN 'EI$ TO PAN 'AEI BLEPEIN 'OUDE LOGIZESQAI
"OTI4 PAPPWN KAI PROGONWN MURIADE$ "EKASTWI GEGONASIN
'ANARIQMHTOI, 'EN "AI$ PLOUSIOI KAI PTWCOI KAI BASILH$ KAI
DOULOI BARBAROI TE-KAI "ELLHNE$ POLLAKI$ MURIOI GEGONASIN
"OTWIOUN; 'ALL' 'EPI PENTE KAI 'EIKOSI KATALOGWI PROGONWN
SEMNUNOMENWN KAI 'ANAFERONTWN0 'EI$ "HRAKLEA TON 'AMFITRUWNO$
'ATOPA 'AUTWI KATAFAINETAI TH$ SMIKROLOGIA$, "OTI4
<P 175B>
DE "O 'AP' 'AMFITRUWNO$ 'EI$ TO 'ANW PENTEKAIEIKOSTO$ TOIOUTO$
'H*N "OI=A SUNEBAINEN 'AUTWI TUCH, KAI "O PENTHKOSTO$ 'AP'
'AUTOU4, GELA*I0 'OU DUNAMENWN LOGIZESQAI TE-KAI CAUNOTHTA
'ANOHTOU YUCH$ 'APALLATTEIN. 'EN "APASI DH TOUTOI$ "O TOIOUTO$
"UPO TWN POLLWN KATAGELATAI0, TA MEN "UPERHFANW$
'ECWN, "W$ DOKEI0, TA D' 'EN POSIN 'AGNOWN TE-KAI 'EN "EKASTOI$
'APORWN.
QEO ^ PANTAPASI TA GIGNOMENA LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ "OTAN DE-GE TINA 'AUTO$, 'W* FILE, "ELKUSHI6 'ANW, KAI
<P 175C>
'EQELHSHI6 TI$ 'AUTWI 'EKBHNAI0 'EK TOU* TI=1 'EGW1 SE1 'ADIKW10 'H=1 SU1
'EME1: 'EI$ SKEYIN 'AUTH$ DIKAIOSUNH$ TE-KAI 'ADIKIA$, TI= TE
"EKATERON 'AUTOIN KAI TI= TWN PANTWN 'H= 'ALLHLWN DIAFERETON0,
'H= 'EK TOU* 'EI1 BASILEU$1 'EUDAIMWN1, KEKTHMENO$1 T'1 'AU1
CRUSION1, BASILEIA$ PE=RI KAI 'ANQRWPINH$ "OLW$ 'EUDAIMONIA$
KAI 'AQLIOTHTO$ 'EPI SKEYIN, POI=W TE TINE 'ESTON0 KAI TI=NA
TROPON 'ANQRWPOU FUSEI PROSHKEI0 TO MEN KTHSASQAI 'AUTOIN,
TO DE 'APOFUGEIN % PERI= TOUTWN "APANTWN "OTAN 'AU DEHI5 LOGON
<P 175D>
DIDONAI TON SMIKRON 'EKEINON THN YUCHN KAI DRIMUN KAI
DIKANIKON, PALIN 'AU TA 'ANTISTROFA 'APODIDWSIN; 'EILIGGIWN
TE 'APO "UYHLOU KREMASQEI$ KAI BLEPWN METEWRO$ 'ANWQEN
"UPO 'AHQEIA$ 'ADHMONWN TE-KAI 'APORWN KAI BATTARIZWN GELWTA
QRA\TTAI$ MEN 'OU PARECEI0 'OUD' 'ALLWI 'APAIDEUTWI 'OUDENI, 'OU-GAR
'AISQANONTAI, TOI$ D' 'ENANTIW$ 'H= "W$ 'ANDRAPODOI$ TRAFEISI
PASIN. "OUTO$ DH "EKATEROU TROPO$, 'W* QEODWRE, "O
<P 175E>
MEN TW*I-'ONTI 'EN 'ELEUQERIA\ TE-KAI SCOLHI TEQRAMMENOU, "ON
DH FILOSOFON KALEI$0, "WI 'ANEMESHTON 'EUHQEI DOKEIN KAI
'OUDENI 'EINAI "OTAN 'EI$ DOULIKA 'EMPESHI6 DIAKONHMATA, "OION
STRWMATODESMON MH 'EPISTAMENOU SUSKEUASASQAI MHDE 'OYON
"HDUNAI0 'H= QWPA$ LOGOU$; "O D' 'AU TA MEN TOIAUTA PANTA
DUNAMENOU TORW$ TE-KAI 'OXEW$ DIAKONEIN, 'ANABALLESQAI DE
'OUK 'EPISTAMENOU 'EPIDEXIA 'ELEUQERIW$ 'OUDE-G' "ARMONIAN LOGWN


<P 176A>
LABONTO$ 'ORQW$ "UMNHSAI0 QEWN TE-KAI 'ANDRWN 'EUDAIMONWN
BION 'ALHQH8.
QEO ^ 'EI PANTA$, 'W* SWKRATE$, PEIQOI$ "A LEGEI$ "WSPER
'EME, PLEIWN 'AN4 'EIRHNH KAI KAKA 'ELATTW KAT' 'ANQRWPOU$ 'EIH.
SW ^ 'ALL'-'OUT' 'APOLESQAI TA KAKA DUNATON, 'W* QEODWRE %
"UPENANTION GAR TI TW*I 'AGAQWI 'AEI 'EINAI 'ANAGKH % 'OUT' 'EN
QEOI$ 'AUTA "IDRUSQAI, THN DE QNHTHN FUSIN KAI TONDE TON
TOPON PERIPOLEI0 'EX 'ANAGKH$. DIO KAI PEIRASQAI CRH 'ENQENDE
<P 176B>
'EKEISE FEUGEIN "OTI2 TACISTA. FUGH DE "OMOIWSI$ QEWI KATA
TO DUNATON; "OMOIWSI$ DE DIKAION KAI "OSION META FRONHSEW$
GENESQAI. 'ALLA=-GAR, 'W* 'ARISTE, 'OU PANU TI "RA\DION PEISAI0
"W$ 'A=RA 'OUC "WN "ENEKA "OI POLLOI FASI0 DEIN PONHRIAN MEN
FEUGEIN, 'ARETHN DE DIWKEIN, TOUTWN CARIN TO MEN 'EPITHDEUTEON,
TO D' 'OU=, "INA DH MH KAKO$ KAI "INA 'AGAQO$ DOKHI5
'EINAI; TAUTA MEN-GAR 'ESTIN "O LEGOMENO$ GRAWN "UQLO$, "W$
'EMOI4 FAINETAI; TO DE 'ALHQE$ "WDE LEGWMEN. QEO$ 'OUDAMHI
<P 176C>
'OUDAMW$ 'ADIKO$, 'ALL' "W$ "OION-TE DIKAIOTATO$, KAI 'OUK 'ESTIN
'AUTWI "OMOIOTERON 'OUDEN 'H= "O$ 'AN4 "HMWN 'AU GENHTAI "OTI2 DIKAIOTATO$.
PERI= TOUTO KAI "H "W$ 'ALHQW$ DEINOTH$ 'ANDRO$ KAI
'OUDENIA TE-KAI 'ANANDRIA. "H MEN-GAR TOUTOU GNWSI$ SOFIA
KAI 'ARETH 'ALHQINH, "H DE 'AGNOIA 'AMAQIA KAI KAKIA 'ENARGH$;
"AI D' 'ALLAI DEINOTHTE$ TE DOKOUSAI KAI SOFIAI 'EN MEN
POLITIKAI$ DUNASTEIAI$ GIGNOMENAI FORTIKAI, 'EN DE TECNAI$
<P 176D>
BANAUSOI. TW*I 'OUN 'ADIKOUNTI KAI 'ANO=SIA LEGONTI 'H= PRATTONTI
MAKRWI 'ARIST' 'ECEI0 TO MH SUGCWREIN DEINWI "UPO PANOURGIA$
'EINAI; 'AGALLONTAI GAR TW*I 'ONEIDEI KAI 'OIONTAI 'AKOUEIN "OTI4
'OU LHROI 'EISI, GH$ 'ALLW$ 'ACQH, 'ALL' 'ANDRE$ "OIOU$ DEI
'EN POLEI TOU$ SWQHSOMENOU$. LEKTEON 'OUN 'TALHQE$, "OTI4
TOSOUTWI MALLON 'EISIN "OIOI 'OUK 'OIONTAI, "OTI4 'OUCI 'OIONTAI;
'AGNOOUSI0 GAR ZHMIAN 'ADIKIA$, "O= DEI "HKISTA 'AGNOEIN. 'OU-GAR
'ESTIN "HN DOKOUSIN0, PLHGAI TE-KAI QANATOI, "WN 'ENIOTE PASCOUSIN0
<P 176E>
'OUDEN 'ADIKOUNTE$, 'ALLA= "HN 'ADUNATON 'EKFUGEIN.
QEO ^ TI=NA DH LEGEI$:
SW ^ PARADEIGMATWN, 'W* FILE, 'EN TW*I 'ONTI "ESTWTWN, TOU*
MEN QEIOU 'EUDAIMONESTATOU, TOU* DE 'AQEOU 'AQLIWTATOU, 'OUC
"ORWNTE$ "OTI4 "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, "UPO 'HLIQIOTHTO$ TE-KAI TH$ 'ESCATH$


<P 177A>
'ANOIA$ LANQANOUSI0 TW*I MEN "OMOIOUMENOI DIA= TA$ 'ADIKOU$
PRAXEI$, TW*I DE 'ANOMOIOUMENOI. "OU2 DH TINOUSI0 DIKHN ZWNTE$
TON 'EIKOTA BION "WI "OMOIOUNTAI; 'EA=N D' 'EIPWMEN "OTI4, 'AN2 MH
'APALLAGWSI TH$ DEINOTHTO$, KAI TELEUTHSANTA$ 'AUTOU$
'EKEINO$ MEN "O TWN KAKWN KAQARO$ TOPO$ 'OU DEXETAI, 'ENQADE
DE THN "AUTOI$ "OMOIOTHTA TH$ DIAGWGH$ 'AEI "EXOUSI2, KAKOI
KAKOI$ SUNONTE$, TAUTA DH-KAI PANTAPASIN "W$ DEINOI KAI
PANOURGOI 'ANOHTWN TINWN 'AKOUSONTAI.
QEO ^ KAI MALA DH, 'W* SWKRATE$.
<P 177B>
SW ^ 'OIDA TOI, 'W* "ETAIRE. "EN MENTOI TI 'AUTOI$ SUMBEBHKEN0;
"OTAN 'IDIA\ LOGON DEHI5 DOUNAI0 TE-KAI DEXASQAI
PERI= "WN YEGOUSI0, KAI 'EQELHSWSIN 'ANDRIKW$ POLUN CRONON
"UPOMEINAI0 KAI MH 'ANANDRW$ FUGEIN, TO=TE 'ATOPW$, 'W* DAIMONIE,
TELEUTWNTE$ 'OUK 'ARESKOUSIN0 'AUTOI "AUTOI$ PERI= "WN LEGOUSI0,
KAI "H "RHTORIKH 'EKEINH PW$ 'APOMARAINETAI, "WSTE PAIDWN
MHDEN DOKEIN DIAFEREIN. PERI= MEN-'OUN TOUTWN, 'EPEIDH KAI
PARERGA TUGCANEI0 LEGOMENA, 'APOSTWMEN % 'EI DE MH, PLEIW
<P 177C>
'AEI 'EPIRREONTA KATACWSEI2 "HMWN TON 'EX 'ARCH$ LOGON % 'EPI
DE TA 'EMPROSQEN 'IWMEN, 'EI KAI SOI4 DOKEI0.
QEO ^ 'EMOI4 MEN TA TOIAUTA, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUK 'AHDE=STERA
'AKOUEIN; "RA\W GAR THLIKWIDE 'ONTI 'EPAKOLOUQEIN. 'EI MENTOI
DOKEI0, PALIN 'EPANIWMEN.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'ENTAUQA POU 'HMEN TOU* LOGOU, 'EN "WI 'EFAMEN
TOU$ THN FEROMENHN 'OUSIAN LEGONTA$, KAI TO 'AEI DOKOUN
"EKASTWI TOUTO KAI 'EINAI TOUTWI "WI DOKEI0, 'EN MEN TOI$ 'ALLOI$
'EQELEIN DIISCURIZESQAI KAI 'OUC "HKISTA PERI= TA DI=KAIA, "W$
<P 177D>
PANTO$ MALLON "A 'AN4 QHTAI POLI$ DOXANTA "AUTHI, TAUTA KAI
'ESTI DI=KAIA THI QEMENHI, "EWSPER 'AN4 KEHTAI; PERI= DE 'TAGAQA
'OUDENA 'ANDREION 'EQ' "OUTW$ 'EINAI "WSTE TOLMAN DIAMACESQAI "OTI4
KAI "A 'AN4 'WFELIMA 'OIHQEISA POLI$ "EAUTHI QHTAI, KAI 'ESTI TOSOUTON
CRONON "OSON 'AN4 KEHTAI 'WFELIMA, PLHN 'EI TI$ TO 'ONOMA
LEGOI; TOUTO DE-POU SKWMM' 'AN4 'EIH PRO$ "O= LEGOMEN. 'H= 'OUCI:
QEO ^ PANU GE.
<P 177E>
SW ^ MH-GAR LEGETW TO 'ONOMA, 'ALLA= TO PRAGMA TO
'ONOMAZOMENON QEWREITW.
QEO ^ MH-GAR.
SW ^ 'ALL' "O= 'AN4 TOUTO 'ONOMAZHI5, TOUTOU DHPOU STOCAZETAI
NOMOQETOUMENH, KAI PANTA$ TOU$ NOMOU$, KAQ' "OSON 'OIETAI TE-KAI
DUNATAI, "W$ 'WFELIMWTATOU$ "EAUTHI TIQETAI; 'H= PRO$ 'ALLO
TI BLEPOUSA NOMOQETEITAI:


<P 178A>
QEO ^ 'OUDAMW$.
SW ^ 'H*-'OUN-KAI TUGCANEI0 'AEI, 'H= POLLA KAI DIAMARTANEI0
"EKASTH:
QEO ^ 'OIMAI 'EGWGE KAI "AMARTANEIN.
SW ^ 'ETI TOINUN 'ENQENDE 'AN4 MALLON PA$ TI$ "OMOLOGHSEIEN
'TAUTA TAUTA, 'EI PERI= PANTO$ TI$ TOU* 'EIDOU$ 'ERWTWIH 'EN "WI
KAI TO 'WFELIMON TUGCANEI0 'ON; 'ESTI DE-POU-KAI PERI= TON
MELLONTA CRONON. "OTAN GAR NOMOQETWMEQA, "W$ 'ESOMENOU$
'WFELIMOU$ TOU$ NOMOU$ TIQEMEQA 'EI$ TON 'EPEITA CRONON;
TOUTO DE MELLON 'ORQW$ 'AN4 LEGOIMEN.
<P 178B>
QEO ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ 'IQI DH, "OUTWSI 'ERWTWMEN2 PRWTAGORAN 'H= 'ALLON
TINA TWN 'EKEINWI TA 'AUTA LEGONTWN0; PANTWN1 METRON1
'ANQRWPO$1 'ESTIN1, "W$ FATE0, 'W* PRWTAGORA, LEUKWN BAREWN
KOUFWN, 'OUDENO$ "OTOU 'OU TWN TOIOUTWN; 'ECWN GAR 'AUTWN
TO KRITHRION 'EN "AUTWI, "OI*A PASCEI0 TOIAUTA 'OIOMENO$, 'ALHQH
TE 'OIETAI "AUTWI KAI 'ONTA. 'OUC "OUTW:
QEO ^ "OUTW.
SW ^ 'H*-KAI TWN MELLONTWN0 'ESESQAI, FHSOMEN, 'W* PRWTAGORA,
<P 178C>
'ECEI0 TO KRITHRION 'EN "AUTWI, KAI "OI*A 'AN4 'OIHQHI 'ESESQAI,
TAUTA KAI GIGNETAI 'EKEINWI TW*I 'OIHQENTI: "OION QERMH; 'A*R'
"OTAN TI$ 'OIHQHI 'IDIWTH$ "AUTON PURETON LHYESQAI KAI 'ESESQAI
TAUTHN THN QERMOTHTA, KAI "ETERO$, 'IATRO$ DE, 'ANTOIHQHI, KATA
THN POTEROU DOXAN FWMEN TO MELLON 'APOBHSESQAI, 'H= KATA
THN 'AMFOTERWN, KAI TW*I MEN 'IATRWI 'OU QERMO$ 'OUDE PURETTWN
GENHSETAI, "EAUTWI DE 'AMFO=TERA:
QEO ^ GELOION 'MENTAN4 'EIH.
SW ^ 'ALL' 'OIMAI PERI= 'OINOU GLUKUTHTO$ KAI 'AUSTHROTHTO$
<P 178D>
MELLOUSH$ 'ESESQAI "H TOU* GEWRGOU DOXA 'ALL' 'OUC "H TOU*
KIQARISTOU KURI=A.
QEO ^ TI= MHN:
SW ^ 'OUD' 'AN4 'AU PERI= 'ANARMOSTOU TE-KAI 'EUARMOSTOU
'ESOMENOU PAIDOTRIBH$ 'AN4 BELTION DOXASEIEN MOUSIKOU, "O= KAI
'EPEITA 'AUTWI TW*I PAIDOTRIBHI DOXEI2 'EUARMOSTON 'EINAI.
QEO ^ 'OUDAMW$.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TOU* MELLONTO$ "ESTIASESQAI MH MAGEIRIKOU
'ONTO$, SKEUAZOMENH$ QOINH$, 'AKUROTE=RA "H KRISI$ TH$
TOU* 'OYOPOIOU PERI= TH$ 'ESOMENH$ "HDONH$. PERI= MEN-GAR TOU*
<P 178E>
'HDH 'ONTO$ "EKASTWI "HDEO$ 'H= GEGONOTO$ MHDEN PW TW*I LOGWI
DIAMACWMEQA, 'ALLA= PERI= TOU* MELLONTO$ "EKASTWI KAI DOXEIN
KAI 'ESESQAI POTERON 'AUTO$ "AUTWI 'ARISTO$ KRITH$, 'H= SU, 'W*
PRWTAGORA, TO GE PERI= LOGOU$ PIQANON "EKASTWI "HMWN
'ESOMENON 'EI$ DIKASTHRION BELTION 'AN4 PRODOXASAI$ 'H= TWN
'IDIWTWN "OSTISOUN:
QEO ^ KAI MALA, 'W* SWKRATE$, TOUTO GE SFO=DRA "UPISCNEITO
PANTWN DIAFEREIN 'AUTO$.
SW ^ NH DI=A, 'W* MELE; 'H= 'OUDEI$ G' 'AN4 'AUTWI DIELEGETO


<P 179A>
DIDOU$ POLU 'ARGURION, 'EI MH TOU$ SUNONTA$ 'EPEIQEN "OTI4 KAI
TO MELLON 'ESESQAI TE-KAI DOXEIN 'OUTE MANTI$ 'OUTE TI$ 'ALLO$
'AMEINON KRINEIEN 'AN4 'H= 'AUTO$ "AUTWI8.
QEO ^ 'ALHQESTATA.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI "AI NOMOQESIAI KAI TO 'WFELIMON PERI=
TO MELLON 'ESTI, KAI PA$ 'AN4 "OMOLOGOI NOMOQETOUMENHN
POLIN POLLAKI$ 'ANAGKHN 'EINAI TOU* 'WFELIMWTATOU
'APOTUGCANEIN:
QEO ^ MALA GE.
SW ^ METRIW$ 'A=RA "HMIN PRO$ TON DIDASKALON SOU4 'EIRHSETAI
<P 179B>
"OTI4 'ANAGKH 'AUTWI "OMOLOGEIN SOFWTERON TE 'ALLON
'ALLOU 'EINAI KAI TON MEN TOIOUTON METRON 'EINAI, 'EMOI4 DE TW*I
'ANEPISTHMONI MHDE "OPWSTIOUN 'ANAGKHN 'EINAI METRWI GIGNESQAI,
"W$ 'ARTI ME 'HNAGKAZEN "O "UPER 'EKEINOU LOGO$, 'EI=T' 'EBOULOMHN
'EI=TE MH, TOIOUTON 'EINAI.
QEO ^ 'EKEINHI MOI DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, MALISTA "ALISKESQAI
"O LOGO$, "ALISKOMENO$ KAI TAUTHI, "HI TA$ TWN 'ALLWN
DOXA$ KURIA$ POIEI0, "AUTAI DE 'EFANHSAN TOU$ 'EKEINOU LOGOU$
'OUDAMHI 'ALHQEI$ "HGOUMENAI.
<P 179C>
SW ^ POLLACHI, 'W* QEODWRE, KAI 'ALLHI 'AN4 TO GE TOIOUTON
"ALOIH MH PASAN PANTO$ 'ALHQH DOXAN 'EINAI; PERI= DE TO
PARON "EKASTWI PAQO$, 'EX "WN "AI 'AISQHSEI$ KAI "AI KATA TAUTA$
DOXAI GIGNONTAI, CALEPWTERON "ELEIN "W$ 'OUK 'ALHQEI$. 'ISW$
DE 'OUDEN LEGW0; 'ANALWTOI GAR, 'EI 'ETUCON, 'EISIN, KAI "OI
FASKONTE$ 'AUTA$ 'ENARGEI$ TE 'EINAI KAI 'EPISTHMA$ TACA 'AN4
'ONTA LEGOIEN, KAI QEAITHTO$ "ODE 'OUK 'APO SKOPOU 'EIRHKEN0
<P 179D>
'AISQHSIN KAI 'EPISTHMHN 'TAUTON QEMENO$. PROSITEON 'OUN 'EGGUTERW,
"W$ "O "UPER PRWTAGOROU LOGO$ 'EPETATTE, KAI SKEPTEON
THN FEROMENHN TAUTHN 'OUSIAN DIAKROUONTA 'EI=TE "UGIE$ 'EI=TE
SAQRON FQEGGETAI; MACH D'-'OUN PERI= 'AUTH$ 'OU FAULH 'OUD'
'OLIGOI$ GEGONEN0.
QEO ^ POLLOU KAI DEI FAULH 'EINAI, 'ALLA= PERI= MEN THN
'IWNIAN KAI 'EPIDIDWSI PAMPOLU. "OI GAR TOU* "HRAKLEITOU
"ETAIROI CORHGOUSI0 TOUTOU TOU* LOGOU MALA 'ERRWMENW$.
SW ^ TW*I TOI, 'W* FILE QEODWRE, MALLON SKEPTEON KAI 'EX
<P 179E>
'ARCH$, "WSPER 'AUTOI "UPOTEINONTAI.
QEO ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN. KAI-GAR, 'W* SWKRATE$, PERI=
TOUTWN TWN "HRAKLEITEIWN 'H=, "WSPER SU LEGEI$, "OMHREIWN
KAI 'ETI PALAIOTERWN, 'AUTOI$ MEN TOI$ PERI= THN 'EFESON, "OSOI
PROSPOIOUNTAI 'EMPEIROI, 'OUDEN MALLON "OION-TE DIALECQHNAI
'H= TOI$ 'OISTRWSIN. 'ATECNW$ GAR KATA TA SUGGRAMMATA
FERONTAI, TO D' 'EPIMEINAI0 'EPI LOGWI KAI 'ERWTHMATI KAI "HSUCIW$


<P 180A>
'EN MEREI 'APOKRINASQAI KAI 'ERESQAI "HTTON 'AUTOI$ 'ENI 'H= TO
MHDEN; MALLON DE "UPERBALLEI0 TO 'OUD' 'OUDEN PRO$ TO MHDE
SMIKRON 'ENEINAI TOI$ 'ANDRASIN "HSUCIA$. 'ALL' 'AN2 TINA TI
'ERHI3, "WSPER 'EK FARETRA$ "RHMATISKIA 'AINIGMATWDH 'ANASPWNTE$
'APOTOXEUOUSI0, 'KAN2 TOUTOU ZHTHI$ LOGON LABEIN TI= 'EIRHKEN0,
"ETERWI PEPLHXHI KAINW$ METWNOMASMENWI. PERANEI$ DE 'OUDEPOTE
'OUDEN PRO$ 'OUDENA 'AUTWN; 'OUDE-GE 'EKEINOI 'AUTOI PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$,
'ALL' 'EU PANU FULATTOUSI0 TO MHDEN BEBAION 'EA*N 'EINAI
<P 180B>
MHT' 'EN LOGWI MHT' 'EN TAI$ "AUTWN YUCAI$, "HGOUMENOI, "W$ 'EMOI4
DOKEI0, 'AUTO STASIMON 'EINAI; TOUTWI DE PANU POLEMOUSIN0, KAI
KAQ' "OSON DUNANTAI PANTACOQEN 'EKBALLOUSIN0.
SW ^ 'ISW$, 'W* QEODWRE, TOU$ 'ANDRA$ MACOMENOU$ "EWRAKA$,
'EIRHNEUOUSIN4 DE 'OU SUGGEGONA$; 'OU-GAR SOI3 "ETAIROI 'EISIN.
'ALL' 'OIMAI TA TOIAUTA TOI$ MAQHTAI$ 'EPI SCOLH$ FRAZOUSIN0,
"OU$ 'AN4 BOULWNTAI "OMOIOU$ "AUTOI$ POIHSAI0.
QEO ^ POI=OI$ MAQHTAI$, 'W* DAIMONIE: 'OUDE GIGNETAI TWN
<P 180C>
TOIOUTWN "ETERO$ "ETEROU MAQHTH$, 'ALL' 'AUTOMATOI 'ANAFUONTAI
"OPOQEN 'AN4 TUCHI6 "EKASTO$ 'AUTWN 'ENQOUSIASA$, KAI TON "ETERON
"O "ETERO$ 'OUDEN "HGEITAI 'EIDENAI. PARA MEN-'OUN TOUTWN, "OPER
'HIA 'ERWN2, 'OUK 'AN4 POTE LABOI$ LOGON 'OUTE "EKONTWN 'OUTE
'AKONTWN; 'AUTOU$ DE DEI PARALABONTA$ "WSPER PROBLHMA
'EPISKOPEISQAI.
SW ^ KAI METRIW$ GE LEGEI$. TO DE-DH PROBLHMA 'ALLO
TI PAREILHFAMEN PARA MEN TWN 'ARCAIWN META POIHSEW$
<P 180D>
'EPIKRUPTOMENWN TOU$ POLLOU$, "W$ "H GENESI$ TWN 'ALLWN
PANTWN 'WKEANO$ TE-KAI THQU$ "REUMATA 'ONTA7 TUGCANEI0 KAI
'OUDEN "ESTHKE0, PARA DE TWN "USTERWN "ATE SOFWTERWN 'ANAFANDON
'APODEIKNUMENWN, "INA KAI "OI SKUTOTOMOI 'AUTWN THN
SOFIAN MAQWSIN 'AKOUSANTE$ KAI PAUSWNTAI 'HLIQIW$ 'OIOMENOI
TA MEN "ESTANAI, TA DE KINEISQAI TWN 'ONTWN0, MAQONTE$ DE "OTI4
PANTA KINEITAI TIMWSIN3 'AUTOU$: 'OLIGOU DE 'EPELAQOMHN, 'W*
QEODWRE, "OTI4 'ALLOI 'AU 'TANANTIA TOUTOI$ 'APEFHNANTO
<P 180E>
"OION881 'AKINHTON881 TELEQEI8810 TW*I881 PANTI881 'ONOM'881 'EINAI881
KAI 'A=LLA "OSA MELISSOI TE-KAI PARMENIDAI 'ENANTIOUMENOI
PASI TOUTOI$ DIISCURIZONTAI, "W$ "EN TE PANTA 'ESTI KAI "ESTHKEN0
'AUTO 'EN "AUTWI 'OUK 'ECON CWRAN 'EN "HI KINEITAI. TOUTOI$ 'OUN, 'W*
"ETAIRE, PASI TI= CRHSOMEQA: KATA SMIKRON GAR PROIONTE$
LELHQAMEN 'AMFOTERWN 'EI$ TO MESON PEPTWKOTE$, KAI 'AN2 MH


<P 181A>
PHI 'AMUNOMENOI DIAFUGWMEN, DIKHN DWSOMEN "WSPER "OI 'EN TAI$
PALAISTRAI$ DIA= GRAMMH$ PAIZONTE$, "OTAN "UP' 'AMFOTERWN
LHFQENTE$ "ELKWNTAI 'EI$ 'TANANTIA. DOKEI0 'OUN MOI TOU$ "ETEROU$
PROTERON SKEPTEON, 'EF' "OUSPER "WRMHSAMEN, TOU$ "REONTA$, KAI
'EA=N MEN TI FAINWNTAI LEGONTE$, SUNELXOMEN MET' 'AUTWN "HMA$-'AUTOU$,
TOU$ "ETEROU$ 'EKFUGEIN PEIRWMENOI; 'EA=N DE "OI TOU*
"OLOU STASIWTAI 'ALHQE=STERA LEGEIN DOKWSI, FEUXOMEQA PAR'
<P 181B>
'AUTOU$ 'AP' 'AU TWN TA 'AKINHTA KINOUNTWN0. 'AMFOTEROI D' 'AN2
FANWSI MHDEN METRION LEGONTE$, GELOIOI 'ESOMEQA "HGOUMENOI
"HMA$ MEN TI LEGEIN FAULOU$ 'ONTA$, PAMPALAIOU$ DE-KAI
PASSOFOU$ 'ANDRA$ 'APODEDOKIMAKOTE$. "ORA 'OUN, 'W* QEODWRE,
'EI LUSITELEI0 'EI$ TOSOUTON PROIENAI KINDUNON.
QEO ^ 'OUDEN MEN-'OUN 'ANEKTON, 'W* SWKRATE$, MH 'OU
DIASKEYASQAI TI= LEGOUSIN0 "EKATEROI TWN 'ANDRWN.
SW ^ SKEPTEON 'AN4 'EIH SOU4 GE "OUTW PROQUMOUMENOU. DOKEI0
<P 181C>
'OUN MOI 'ARCH 'EINAI TH$ SKEYEW$ KINHSEW$ PE=RI, POI*ON TI
POTE 'A=RA LEGONTE$ FASI0 TA PANTA KINEISQAI. BOULOMAI DE
LEGEIN TO TOIONDE; POTERON "EN TI 'EIDO$ 'AUTH$ LEGOUSIN0 'H=
"WSPER 'EMOI4 FAINETAI, DUO: MH-MENTOI MONON 'EMOI4 DOKEITW,
'ALLA= SUMMETECE KAI SU, "INA KOINHI PASCWMEN 'AN2 TI KAI DEHI5.
KAI MOI LEGE; 'A*RA KINEISQAI KALEI$0 "OTAN TI CWRAN 'EK CWRA$
METABALLHI5 'H=-KAI 'EN TW*I 'AUTWI STREFHTAI:
QEO ^ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ TOUTO MEN-TOINUN "EN 'ESTW 'EIDO$. "OTAN DE 'HI MEN 'EN
<P 181D>
TW*I 'AUTWI, GHRASKHI5 DE, 'H= MELAN 'EK LEUKOU 'H= SKLHRON 'EK
MALAKOU GIGNHTAI, 'H= TINA 'ALLHN 'ALLOIWSIN 'ALLOIWTAI, 'A*RA
'OUK 'AXION "ETERON 'EIDO$ FANAI0 KINHSEW$:
QEO ^ 'EMOIGE8 DOKEI80 'ANAGKAION MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ DUO DH LEGW0 TOUTW 'EIDEI KINHSEW$, 'ALLOIWSIN, THN
DE FORAN.
QEO ^ 'ORQW$ GE LEGWN.
SW ^ TOUTO TOINUN "OUTW DIELOMENOI DIALEGWMEQA 'HDH TOI$
TA PANTA FASKOUSIN4 KINEISQAI KAI 'ERWTWMEN2; POTERON PAN
<P 181E>
FATE0 'AMFOTERW$ KINEISQAI, FEROMENON TE-KAI 'ALLOIOUMENON,
'H= TO MEN TI 'AMFOTERW$, TO D' "ETERW$:
QEO ^ 'ALLA= MA DI=' 'EGWGE 'OUK 'ECW0 'EIPEIN; 'OIMAI D' 'AN4
FANAI0 'AMFOTERW$.
SW ^ 'EI DE-GE MH, 'W* "ETAIRE, KINOUMENA TE 'AUTOI$ KAI
"ESTWTA FANEITAI, KAI 'OUDEN MALLON 'ORQW$ "EXEI2 'EIPEIN "OTI4
KINEITAI TA PANTA 'H= "OTI4 "ESTHKEN0.
QEO ^ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EPEIDH KINEISQAI 'AUTA DEI, TO DE MH KINEISQAI


<P 182A>
MH 'ENEINAI MHDENI, PANTA DH PASAN KINHSIN 'AEI KINEITAI.
QEO ^ 'ANAGKH.
SW ^ SKOPEI5 DH MOI TODE 'AUTWN; TH$ QERMOTHTO$ 'H= LEUKOTHTO$
'H= "OTOUOUN GENESIN 'OUC "OUTW PW$ 'ELEGOMEN FANAI0
'AUTOU$, FERESQAI "EKASTON TOUTWN "AMA 'AISQHSEI METAXU TOU*
POIOUNTO$ TE-KAI PASCONTO$, KAI TO MEN PASCON 'AISQHTIKON
'ALL' 'OUK 'AISQHSIN 'ETI8 GIGNESQAI, TO DE POIOUN POIO=N TI
'ALL' 'OU POIOTHTA: 'ISW$ 'OUN "H POIOTH$ "AMA 'ALLOKOTON TE
FAINETAI 'ONOMA KAI 'OU MANQANEI$ "AQROON LEGOMENON; KATA
<P 182B>
MERH 'OUN 'AKOUE. TO GAR POIOUN 'OUTE QERMOTH$ 'OUTE LEUKOTH$,
QERMON DE-KAI LEUKON GIGNETAI, KAI 'TALLA "OUTW; MEMNHSAI
GAR-POU 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN "OTI4 "OUTW$ 'ELEGOMEN, "EN MHDEN 'AUTO
KAQ' "AUTO 'EINAI, MHD' 'AU TO POIOUN 'H= PASCON, 'ALL' 'EX 'AMFOTERWN
PRO$ 'ALLHLA SUGGIGNOMENWN TA$ 'AISQHSEI$ KAI TA
'AISQHTA 'APOTIKTONTA TA MEN POI' 'ATTA GIGNESQAI, TA DE
'AISQANOMENA.
QEO ^ MEMNHMAI; PW*$ D' 'OU=:
<P 182C>
SW ^ TA MEN-TOINUN 'A=LLA CAIREIN 'EASWMEN, 'EI=TE 'ALLW$
'EI=TE "OUTW$ LEGOUSIN0; "OU2 D' "ENEKA LEGOMEN, TOUTO MONON
FULATTWMEN, 'ERWTWNTE$; KINEITAI KAI "REI0, "W$ FATE0, TA
PANTA: 'H*-GAR:
QEO ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'AMFOTERA$ "A$ DIEILOMEQA KINHSEI$, FEROMENA
TE-KAI 'ALLOIOUMENA:
QEO ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=: 'EIPER GE-DH TELEW$ KINHSETAI.
SW ^ 'EI MEN-TOINUN 'EFERETO MONON, 'HLLOIOUTO DE MH,
'EICOMEN 'AN4 POU 'EIPEIN "OI*A 'ATTA "REI0 TA FEROMENA; 'H= PW*$
LEGOMEN:
QEO ^ "OUTW$.
<P 182D>
SW ^ 'EPEIDH DE-'OUDE TOUTO MENEI0, TO LEUKON "REIN TO "REON,
'ALLA= METABALLEI0, "WSTE KAI 'AUTOU4 TOUTOU 'EINAI "ROHN, TH$
LEUKOTHTO$, KAI METABOLHN 'EI$ 'ALLHN CROAN, "INA MH "ALWI
TAUTHI MENON, 'A*RA POTE "OION-TE TI PROSEIPEIN CRWMA, "WSTE
KAI 'ORQW$ PROSAGOREUEIN:
QEO ^ KAI TI=$ MHCANH, 'W* SWKRATE$: 'H= 'ALLO GE TI TWN
TOIOUTWN, 'EIPER 'AEI LEGONTO$ "UPEXERCETAI "ATE DH "REON:
SW ^ TI= DE PERI= 'AISQHSEW$ 'EROUMEN2 "OPOIASOUN, "OION TH$
<P 182E>
TOU* "ORAN 'H= 'AKOUEIN: MENEIN0 POTE 'EN 'AUTWI TW*I "ORAN 'H= 'AKOUEIN:
QEO ^ 'OU=KOUN DEI GE, 'EIPER PANTA KINEITAI.
SW ^ 'OUTE-'A=RA "ORAN PROSRHTEON TI MALLON 'H= MH "ORAN,
'OUDE TIN' 'ALLHN 'AISQHSIN MALLON 'H= MH, PANTWN GE PANTW$
KINOUMENWN.
QEO ^ 'OU-GAR-'OUN.
SW ^ KAI-MHN 'AISQHSI$ GE 'EPISTHMH, "W$ 'EFAMEN 'EGW TE-KAI
QEAITHTO$.
QEO ^ 'H*N TAUTA.
SW ^ 'OUDEN 'A=RA 'EPISTHMHN MALLON 'H= MH 'EPISTHMHN
'APEKRINAMEQA 'ERWTWMENOI "OTI2 'ESTIN 'EPISTHMH.


<P 183A>
QEO ^ 'EOIKATE.
SW ^ KALON 'AN4 "HMIN SUMBAINOI TO 'EPANORQWMA TH$ 'APOKRISEW$,
PROQUMHQEISIN 'APODEIXAI0 "OTI4 PANTA KINEITAI, "INA DH
'EKEINH "H 'APOKRISI$ 'ORQH FANHI. TO D', "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'EFANH, 'EI
PANTA KINEITAI, PASA 'APOKRISI$, PERI= "OTOU 'AN4 TI$ 'APOKRINHTAI,
"OMOIW$ 'ORQH 'EINAI, "OUTW T' 'ECEIN FANAI0 KAI MH "OUTW, 'EI DE
BOULEI, GIGNESQAI, "INA MH STHSWMEN 'AUTOU$ TW*I LOGWI.
QEO ^ 'ORQW$ LEGEI$.
SW ^ PLHN GE, 'W* QEODWRE, "OTI4 "OUTW TE 'EIPON KAI
'OUC "OUTW. DEI DE-'OUDE TOUTO TO7 "OUTW LEGEIN % 'OUDE-GAR
<P 183B>
'AN4 'ETI KINOITO TO7 "OUTW % 'OUD' 'AU MH "OUTW %
'OUDE-GAR TOUTO KINHSI$ % 'ALLA= TIN' 'ALLHN FWNHN QETEON TOI$
TON LOGON TOUTON LEGOUSIN4, "W$ NU*N GE PRO$ THN "AUTWN "UPOQESIN
'OUK 'ECOUSI40 "RHMATA, 'EI MH 'A=RA TO 'OUD' "OUTW$ MALISTA
D'8 "OUTW$8 'AN4 'AUTOI$ "ARMOTTOI, 'APEIRON LEGOMENON.
QEO ^ 'OIKEIOTATH GOUN DIALEKTO$ "AU=TH 'AUTOI$.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N, 'W* QEODWRE, TOU* TE SOU2 "ETAIROU 'APHLLAGMEQA,
KAI 'OUPW SUGCWROUMEN 'AUTWI PANT' 'ANDRA PANTWN1
<P 183C>
CRHMATWN1 METRON1 'EINAI1, 'AN2 MH FRONIMO$ TI$ 'HI; 'EPISTHMHN
TE 'AISQHSIN 'OU SUGCWRHSOMEQA KATA GE THN TOU* PANTA
KINEISQAI MEQODON, 'H=8 'EI MH TI8 PW$ 'ALLW$ QEAITHTO$ "ODE
LEGEI0.
QEO ^ 'ARIST' 'EIRHKA$, 'W* SWKRATE$; TOUTWN GAR PERANQENTWN5
KAI 'EME 'EDEI 'APHLLACQAI SOI4 'APOKRINOMENON KATA TA$
SUNQHKA$, 'EPEIDH TO PERI= TOU* PRWTAGOROU LOGOU TELO$ SCOIH.
QEAI ^ MH PRIN G' 'AN4, 'W* QEODWRE, SWKRATH$ TE-KAI SU
<P 183D>
TOU$ FASKONTA$ 'AU TO PAN "ESTANAI DIELQHTE, "WSPER 'ARTI
PROUQESQE.
QEO ^ NEO$ 'WN, 'W* QEAITHTE, TOU$ PRESBUTEROU$ 'ADIKEIN
DIDASKEI$ "OMOLOGIA$ PARABAINONTA$: 'ALLA= PARASKEUAZOU
"OPW$ TWN 'EPILOIPWN SWKRATEI DWSEI$ LOGON.
QEAI ^ 'EANPER GE BOULHTAI. "HDISTA 'MENTAN4 'HKOUSA
PERI= "WN LEGW0.
QEO ^ "IPPEA$ 'EI$ PEDION PROKALHI20 SWKRATH 'EI$ LOGOU$
PROKALOUMENO$0; 'ERWTA 'OUN-KAI 'AKOUSHI2.
SW ^ 'ALLA= MOI DOKW0, 'W* QEODWRE, PERI= GE "WN KELEUEI0
<P 183E>
QEAITHTO$ 'OU PEISESQAI 'AUTWI.
QEO ^ TI= DH-'OUN 'OU PEISESQAI:
SW ^ MELISSON MEN-KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$, "OI= "EN "ESTO$ LEGOUSI0
TO PAN, 'AISCUNOMENO$ MH FORTIKW$ SKOPWMEN, "HTTON 'AISCUNOMAI
'H= "ENA 'ONTA PARMENIDHN. PARMENIDH$ DE MOI FAINETAI,
TO TOU* "OMHROU, 'AIDOIO$9 TE9 MOI9 'EINAI "AMA DEINO$9 TE9.
SUMPROSEMEIXA GAR-DH TW*I 'ANDRI PANU NEO$ PANU PRESBUTHI,


<P 184A>
KAI MOI 'EFANH BAQO$ TI 'ECEIN PANTAPASI GENNAION. FOBOUMAI
'OUN MH 'OUTE TA LEGOMENA SUNIWMEN, TI= TE DIANOOUMENO$ 'EI*PE
POLU PLEON LEIPWMEQA, KAI TO MEGISTON, "OU2 "ENEKA "O LOGO$
"WRMHTAI, 'EPISTHMH$ PE=RI TI= POT' 'ESTIN, 'ASKEPTON GENHTAI
"UPO TWN 'EPEISKWMAZONTWN0 LOGWN, 'EI TI$ 'AUTOI$ PEISETAI;
'ALLW$ TE KAI "ON NU*N 'EGEIROMEN PLHQEI 'AMHCANON, 'EI=TE TI$ 'EN
PARERGWI SKEYETAI, 'ANA=XI' 'AN4 PAQOI, 'EI=TE "IKANW$, MHKUNOMENO$
TO TH$ 'EPISTHMH$ 'AFANIEI2. DEI DE 'OUDE=TERA, 'ALLA= QEAITHTON
<P 184B>
"WN KUEI0 PERI= 'EPISTHMH$ PEIRASQAI "HMA$ THI MAIEUTIKHI TECNHI
'APOLUSAI0.
QEO ^ 'ALLA= CRH, 'EI DOKEI0, "OUTW POIEIN.
SW ^ 'ETI TOINUN, 'W* QEAITHTE, TOSONDE PERI= TWN 'EIRHMENWN
'EPISKEYAI. 'AISQHSIN GAR-DH 'EPISTHMHN 'APEKRINW;
'H*-GAR:
QEAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'EI 'OUN TI$ SE "WD' 'ERWTWIH; TW*I2 TA LEUKA KAI MELANA
"ORA*I0 'ANQRWPO$ KAI TW*I2 TA 'OXEA KAI BAREA 'AKOUEI0: 'EIPOI$ 'AN4
'OIMAI 'OMMASI TE-KAI 'WSIN.
QEAI ^ 'EGWGE.
<P 184C>
SW ^ TO DE 'EUCERE$ TWN 'ONOMATWN TE-KAI "RHMATWN KAI
MH DI' 'AKRIBEIA$ 'EXETAZOMENON TA MEN POLLA 'OUK 'AGENNE$,
'ALLA= MALLON TO TOUTOU 'ENANTION 'ANELEUQERON, 'ESTI DE "OTE
'ANAGKAION, "OION KAI NU*N 'ANAGKH 'EPILABESQAI TH$ 'APOKRISEW$
"HN 'APOKRINHI0, "HI 'OUK 'ORQH. SKOPEI5 GAR; 'APOKRISI$ POTE=RA
'ORQOTE=RA, "WI "ORWMEN0 TOUTO 'EINAI 'OFQALMOU$, 'H= DI' "OU2 "ORWMEN0,
KAI "WI 'AKOUOMEN 'WTA, 'H= DI' "OU2 'AKOUOMEN:
QEAI ^ DI' "WN "EKASTA 'AISQANOMEQA, 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'W*
SWKRATE$, MALLON 'H= "OI$.
<P 184D>
SW ^ DEINON GAR-POU, 'W* PAI, 'EI POLLAI TINE$ 'EN "HMIN
"WSPER 'EN DOUREIOI$ "IPPOI$ 'AISQHSEI$ 'EGKAQHNTAI, 'ALLA= MH
'EI$ MIAN TINA 'IDEAN, 'EI=TE YUCHN 'EI=TE "OTI2 DEI KALEIN0, PANTA
TAUTA SUNTEINEI0, "HI DIA= TOUTWN "OION 'ORGANWN 'AISQANOMEQA
"OSA 'AISQHTA.
QEAI ^ 'ALLA= MOI DOKEI0 "OUTW MALLON 'H= 'EKEINW$.
SW ^ TOUDE TOI "ENEKA 'AUTA SOI4 DIAKRIBOUMAI, 'EI TINI "HMWN-'AUTWN
TW*I 'AUTWI DIA= MEN 'OFQALMWN 'EFIKNOUMEQA LEUKWN TE-KAI
<P 184E>
MELANWN, DIA= DE TWN 'ALLWN "ETERWN 'AU TINWN; KAI "EXEI$
'ERWTWMENO$ PANTA TA TOIAUTA 'EI$ TO SWMA 'ANAFEREIN: 'ISW$
DE BELTION SE LEGEIN 'AUTA 'APOKRINOMENON MALLON 'H= 'EME
"UPER SOU4 POLUPRAGMONEIN. KAI MOI LEGE; QERMA KAI SKLHRA
KAI KOUFA KAI GLUKEA DI' "WN 'AISQANHI0, 'A*RA 'OU TOU* SWMATO$
"EKASTA TIQH$: 'H= 'ALLOU TINO$:
QEAI ^ 'OUDENO$ 'ALLOU.
SW ^ 'H*-KAI 'EQELHSEI$ "OMOLOGEIN "A DI' "ETERA$ DUNAMEW$


<P 185A>
'AISQANHI0 'ADUNATON 'EINAI DI' 'ALLH$ TAUT' 'AISQESQAI, "OION "A
DI' 'AKOH$, DI' 'OYEW$, 'H= "A DI' 'OYEW$, DI' 'AKOH$:
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OUK 'EQELHSW2:
SW ^ 'EI TI 'A=RA PERI= 'AMFOTERWN DIANOHI0, 'OUK 'AN4 DIA= GE
TOU* "ETEROU 'ORGANOU, 'OUD' 'AU DIA= TOU* "ETEROU PERI= 'AMFOTERWN
'AISQANOI' 'AN4.
QEAI ^ 'OU-GAR-'OUN.
SW ^ PERI= DH FWNH$ KAI PERI= CROA$ PRWTON MEN 'AUTO
TOUTO PERI= 'AMFOTERWN 'H* DIANOHI0, "OTI4 'AMFOTERW 'ESTON0:
QEAI ^ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI "OTI4 "EKATERON "EKATEROU MEN "ETERON, "EAUTWI
DE 'TAUTON:
<P 185B>
QEAI ^ TI= MHN:
SW ^ KAI "OTI4 'AMFOTERW DUO, "EKATERON DE "EN:
QEAI ^ KAI TOUTO.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'EI=TE 'ANOMOIW 'EI=TE "OMOIW 'ALLHLOIN,
DUNATO$ 'EI*0 'EPISKEYASQAI:
QEAI ^ 'ISW$.
SW ^ TAUTA DH PANTA DIA= TI=NO$ PERI= 'AUTOIN DIANOHI0: 'OUTE-GAR
DI' 'AKOH$ 'OUTE DI' 'OYEW$ "OION-TE TO KOINON LAMBANEIN
PERI= 'AUTWN. 'ETI DE-KAI TODE TEKMHRION PERI= "OU2 LEGOMEN; 'EI
GAR DUNATON 'EIH 'AMFOTERW SKEYASQAI 'A*R' 'ESTON0 "ALMURW 'H= 'OU=,
<P 185C>
'OISQ' "OTI4 "EXEI$ 'EIPEIN "WI 'EPISKEYHI42, KAI TOUTO 'OUTE 'OYI$ 'OUTE
'AKOH FAINETAI, 'ALLA= TI 'ALLO.
QEAI ^ TI= D' 'OU MELLEI0, "H GE DIA= TH$ GLWTTH$ DUNAMI$:
SW ^ KALW$ LEGEI$. "H DE-DH DIA= TI=NO$ DUNAMI$ TO T' 'EPI
PASI KOINON KAI TO 'EPI TOUTOI$ DHLOI0 SOI4, "WI TO 'ESTIN
'EPONOMAZEI$ KAI TO 'OUK 'ESTI KAI "A NUNDH 'HRWTWMEN
PERI= 'AUTWN: TOUTOI$ PASI POI*A 'APODWSEI$ 'ORGANA DI' "WN
'AISQANETAI "HMWN TO 'AISQANOMENON "EKASTA:
QEAI ^ 'OUSIAN LEGEI$ KAI TO MH 'EINAI, KAI "OMOIOTHTA
KAI 'ANOMOIOTHTA, KAI TO 'TAUTON TE-KAI TO8 "ETERON, 'ETI DE
<P 185D>
"EN TE-KAI TON 'ALLON 'ARIQMON PERI= 'AUTWN. DHLON DE "OTI4
KAI 'ARTION TE-KAI PERITTON 'ERWTA*I$0, KAI 'TALLA "OSA TOUTOI$
"EPETAI, DIA= TI=NO$ POTE TWN TOU* SWMATO$ THI YUCHI
'AISQANOMEQA.
SW ^ "UPEREU, 'W* QEAITHTE, 'AKOLOUQEI$, KAI 'ESTIN "A 'ERWTW0
'AUTA TAUTA.
QEAI ^ 'ALLA= MA DI=A, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EGWGE 'OUK 'AN4
'ECOIMI 'EIPEIN, PLHN G' "OTI4 MOI DOKEI0 THN 'ARCHN 'OUD' 'EINAI
TOIOUTON 'OUDEN TOUTOI$ 'ORGANON 'IDION "WSPER 'EKEINOI$, 'ALL'
<P 185E>
'AUTH DI' "AUTH$ "H YUCH TA KOINA MOI FAINETAI PERI= PANTWN
'EPISKOPEIN.
SW ^ KALO$ GAR 'EI*, 'W* QEAITHTE, KAI 'OUC, "W$ 'ELEGE
QEODWRO$, 'AISCRO$; "O GAR KALW$ LEGWN KALO$ TE-KAI
'AGAQO$. PRO$ DE TW*I KALWI 'EU 'EPOIHSA$ ME MALA SUCNOU LOGOU
'APALLAXA$, 'EI FAINETAI SOI4 TA MEN 'AUTH DI' "AUTH$ "H YUCH
'EPISKOPEIN, TA DE DIA= TWN TOU* SWMATO$ DUNAMEWN. TOUTO GAR
'H*N "O= KAI 'AUTWI MOI 'EDOKEI, 'EBOULOMHN DE-KAI SOI4 DOXAI0.


<P 186A>
QEAI ^ 'ALLA=-MHN FAINETAI GE.
SW ^ POTERWN 'OUN TIQH$ THN 'OUSIAN: TOUTO GAR MALISTA
'EPI PANTWN PAREPETAI.
QEAI ^ 'EGW MEN "WN 'AUTH "H YUCH KAQ' "AUTHN 'EPOREGETAI.
SW ^ 'H*-KAI TO "OMOION KAI TO 'ANOMOION KAI TO 'TAUTON KAI
"ETERON:
QEAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ TI= DE: KALON KAI 'AISCRON KAI 'AGAQON KAI KAKON:
QEAI ^ KAI TOUTWN MOI DOKEI0 'EN TOI$ MALISTA PRO$
'ALLHLA SKOPEISQAI THN 'OUSIAN, 'ANALOGIZOMENH 'EN "EAUTHI TA
<P 186B>
GEGONOTA KAI TA PARONTA PRO$ TA MELLONTA.
SW ^ 'ECE DH; 'ALLO TI TOU* MEN SKLHROU THN SKLHROTHTA
DIA= TH$ 'EPAFH$ 'AISQHSETAI, KAI TOU* MALAKOU THN MALAKOTHTA
"WSAUTW$:
QEAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ THN DE-GE 'OUSIAN KAI "OTI4 'ESTON0 KAI THN 'ENANTIOTHTA
PRO$ 'ALLHLW KAI THN 'OUSIAN 'AU TH$ 'ENANTIOTHTO$ 'AUTH "H
YUCH 'EPANIOUSA KAI SUMBALLOUSA PRO$ 'ALLHLA KRINEIN0
PEIRATAI0 "HMIN.
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N TA MEN 'EUQU$ GENOMENOI$ PARESTI FUSEI
<P 186C>
'AISQANESQAI 'ANQRWPOI$ TE-KAI QHRIOI$, "OSA DIA= TOU* SWMATO$
PAQHMATA 'EPI THN YUCHN TEINEI0; TA DE PERI= TOUTWN 'ANALOGISMATA
PRO$ TE 'OUSIAN KAI 'WFELEIAN MOGI$ KAI 'EN CRONWI
DIA= POLLWN PRAGMATWN KAI PAIDEIA$ PARAGIGNETAI "OI$ 'AN4 KAI
PARAGIGNHTAI:
QEAI ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ "OION-TE 'OUN 'ALHQEIA$ TUCEIN, "WI MHDE 'OUSIA$:
QEAI ^ 'ADUNATON.
SW ^ "OU2 DE 'ALHQEIA$ TI$ 'ATUCHSEI2, POTE TOUTOU 'EPISTHMWN
'ESTAI:
<P 186D>
QEAI ^ KAI PW*$ 'AN4, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW ^ 'EN MEN-'A=RA TOI$ PAQHMASIN 'OUK 'ENI 'EPISTHMH,
'EN DE TW*I PERI= 'EKEINWN SULLOGISMWI; 'OUSIA$ GAR-KAI 'ALHQEIA$
'ENTAUQA MEN, "W$ 'EOIKE0, DUNATON "AYASQAI, 'EKEI DE
'ADUNATON.
QEAI ^ FAINETAI.
SW ^ 'H*-'OUN 'TAUTON 'EKEINO TE-KAI TOUTO KALEI$20, TOSAUTA$
DIAFORA$ 'ECONTE:
QEAI ^ 'OU=KOUN-DH DIKAION GE.
SW ^ TI= 'OUN-DH 'EKEINWI 'APODIDW$ 'ONOMA, TW*I "ORAN 'AKOUEIN
'OSFRAINESQAI YUCESQAI QERMAINESQAI:
<P 186E>
QEAI ^ 'AISQANESQAI 'EGWGE; TI= GAR 'ALLO:
SW ^ SUMPAN 'A=R' 'AUTO KALEI$0 'AISQHSIN:
QEAI ^ 'ANAGKH.
SW ^ "WI GE, FAMEN, 'OU METESTIN 'ALHQEIA$ "AYASQAI; 'OUDE-GAR
'OUSIA$.
QEAI ^ 'OU-GAR-'OUN.
SW ^ 'OUD'-'A=R' 'EPISTHMH$.
QEAI ^ 'OU-GAR.
SW ^ 'OUK-'A=R' 'AN4 'EIH POTE, 'W* QEAITHTE, 'AISQHSI$ TE-KAI
'EPISTHMH 'TAUTON.
QEAI ^ 'OU FAINETAI, 'W* SWKRATE$. KAI MALISTA GE NU*N
KATAFANESTATON GEGONEN0 'ALLO 'ON 'AISQHSEW$ 'EPISTHMH.


<P 187A>
SW ^ 'ALL' 'OU TI MEN-DH TOUTOU GE "ENEKA 'HRCOMEQA DIALEGOMENOI,
"INA "EURWMEN TI= POT' 'OUK 'EST' 'EPISTHMH, 'ALLA= TI=
'ESTIN. "OMW$ DE TOSOUTON GE PROBEBHKAMEN, "WSTE MH ZHTEIN
'AUTHN 'EN 'AISQHSEI TO PARAPAN 'ALL' 'EN 'EKEINWI TW*I 'ONOMATI,
"OTI2 POT' 'ECEI0 "H YUCH, "OTAN 'AUTH KAQ' "AUTHN PRAGMATEUHTAI
PERI= TA 'ONTA.
QEAI ^ 'ALLA=-MHN TOUTO GE KALEITAI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, "W$
'EGWIMAI, DOXAZEIN.
SW ^ 'ORQW$ GAR 'OIEI, 'W* FILE. KAI "ORA DH NU*N PALIN 'EX
<P 187B>
'ARCH$, PANTA TA PROSQEN 'EXALEIYA$, 'EI TI MALLON KAQORA*I$0,
'EPEIDH 'ENTAUQA PROELHLUQA$. KAI LEGE 'AUQI$ TI= POT' 'ESTIN
'EPISTHMH.
QEAI ^ DOXAN MEN PASAN 'EIPEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ADUNATON,
'EPEIDH KAI YEUDH$ 'ESTI DOXA; KINDUNEUEI0 DE "H 'ALHQH$ DOXA
'EPISTHMH 'EINAI, KAI MOI TOUTO 'APOKEKRISQW. 'EA=N GAR MH
FANHI PROIOUSIN "WSPER TO NU*N 'ALLO TI PEIRASOMEQA LEGEIN.
SW ^ "OUTW MENTOI CRH, 'W* QEAITHTE, LEGEIN PROQUMW$
MALLON, 'H= "W$ TO PRWTON 'WKNEI$ 'APOKRINESQAI. 'EA=N GAR
<P 187C>
"OUTW DRWMEN2, DUOIN QATERA, 'H= "EURHSOMEN 'EF' "O= 'ERCOMEQA, 'H=
"HTTON 'OIHSOMEQA 'EIDENAI "O= MHDAMHI 'ISMEN; KAITOI 'OUK 'AN4 'EIH
MEMPTO$ MISQO$ "O TOIOUTO$. KAI-DH-KAI NU*N TI= FH=I$: DUOIN
'ONTOIN 'IDEAIN DOXH$, TOU* MEN 'ALHQINOU, YEUDOU$ DE TOU* "ETEROU,
THN 'ALHQH DOXAN 'EPISTHMHN "ORIZHI0:
QEAI ^ 'EGWGE; TOUTO GAR 'AU NU*N MOI FAINETAI.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN 'ET' 'AXION PERI= DOXH$ 'ANALABEIN PALIN %
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON DH LEGEI$:
<P 187D>
SW ^ QRATTEI0 ME PW$ NU*N TE-KAI 'ALLOTE DH POLLAKI$,
"WST' 'EN 'APORIA\ POLLHI PRO$ 'EMAUTON KAI PRO$ 'ALLON GEGONENAI,
'OUK 'ECONTA 'EIPEIN TI= POT' 'ESTI TOUTO TO PAQO$ PAR'
"HMIN KAI TI=NA TROPON 'EGGIGNOMENON.
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON DH:
SW ^ TO DOXAZEIN TINA YEUDH. SKOPW0 DH-KAI NU*N 'ETI
DISTAZWN, POTERON 'EASWMEN 'AUTO 'H= 'EPISKEYWMEQA 'ALLON
TROPON 'H= 'OLIGON PROTERON.
QEAI ^ TI= MHN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EIPER GE-KAI "OPHITIOUN FAINETAI
DEIN: 'ARTI GAR 'OU KAKW$ GE SU KAI QEODWRO$ 'ELEGETE
SCOLH$ PE=RI, "W$ 'OUDEN 'EN TOI$ TOIOISDE KATEPEIGEI0.
<P 187E>
SW ^ 'ORQW$ "UPEMNHSA$; 'ISW$ GAR 'OUK 'APO KAIROU PALIN
"WSPER 'ICNO$ METELQEIN. KREITTON GAR-POU SMIKRON 'EU 'H= POLU
MH "IKANW$ PERANAI0.
QEAI ^ TI= MHN:
SW ^ PW*$ 'OUN: TI= DH-KAI LEGOMEN: YEUDH FAMEN "EKASTOTE
'EINAI DOXAN, KAI TINA "HMWN DOXAZEIN YEUDH, TON D' 'AU 'ALHQH,
"W$ FUSEI "OUTW$ 'ECONTWN0:
QEAI ^ FAMEN GAR-DH.


<P 188A>
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N TODE G' 'ESQ'20 "HMIN PERI= PANTA KAI KAQ'
"EKASTON, 'HTOI 'EIDENAI 'H= MH 'EIDENAI: MANQANEIN GAR-KAI
'EPILANQANESQAI METAXU TOUTWN "W$ 'ONTA CAIREIN LEGW0 'EN TW*I
PARONTI; NU*N GAR "HMIN PRO$ LOGON 'ESTIN 'OUDEN.
QEAI ^ 'ALLA=-MHN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALLO G' 'OUDEN LEIPETAI
PERI= "EKASTON PLHN 'EIDENAI 'H= MH 'EIDENAI.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'HDH 'ANAGKH TON DOXAZONTA DOXAZEIN 'H= "WN TI
'OIDEN 'H= MH 'OIDEN:
QEAI ^ 'ANAGKH.
SW ^ KAI-MHN 'EIDOTA GE MH 'EIDENAI TO 'AUTO 'H= MH 'EIDOTA
<P 188B>
'EIDENAI 'ADUNATON.
QEAI ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN "O TA YEUDH DOXAZWN, "A 'OIDE, TAUTA 'OIETAI
'OU TAUTA 'EINAI 'ALLA= "E=TERA 'ATTA "WN 'OIDE, KAI 'AMFO=TERA 'EIDW$
'AGNOEI0 'AU 'AMFO=TERA:
QEAI ^ 'ALL' 'ADUNATON, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ 'ALL'-'A*RA, "A MH 'OIDEN, "HGEITAI 'AUTA 'EINAI "E=TERA
'ATTA "WN MH 'OIDE, KAI TOUT' 'ESTI20 TW*I MHTE QEAITHTON MHTE
SWKRATH 'EIDOTI 'EI$ THN DIANOIAN LABEIN "W$ "O SWKRATH$
QEAITHTO$ 'H= "O8 QEAITHTO$ SWKRATH$:
<P 188C>
QEAI ^ KAI PW*$ 'AN4:
SW ^ 'ALL'-'OU-MHN, "A GE TI$ 'OIDEN, 'OIETAI POU "A MH 'OIDEN
'AUTA 'EINAI, 'OUD' 'AU "A MH 'OIDEN, "A 'OIDEN.
QEAI ^ TERA$ GAR 'ESTAI.
SW ^ PW*$ 'OUN 'AN4 'ETI YEUDH DOXASEIEN: 'EKTO$ GAR TOUTWN
'ADUNATON POU DOXAZEIN, 'EPEIPER PANT' 'H= 'ISMEN 'H= 'OUK 'ISMEN,
'EN DE TOUTOI$ 'OUDAMOU FAINETAI DUNATON YEUDH DOXASAI0.
QEAI ^ 'ALHQESTATA.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OU TAUTHI SKEPTEON "O= ZHTOUMEN, KATA TO
<P 188D>
'EIDENAI KAI MH 'EIDENAI 'IONTA$, 'ALLA= KATA TO 'EINAI KAI MH:
QEAI ^ PW*$ LEGEI$:
SW ^ MH "APLOUN 'HI "OTI4 "O TA MH 'ONTA PERI= "OTOUOUN DOXAZWN
'OUK 'ESQ' "W$ 'OU YEUDH DOXASEI2, 'KAN2 "OPWSOUN 'ALLW$ TA TH$
DIANOIA$ 'ECHI5.
QEAI ^ 'EIKO$ G' 'AU, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ PW*$ 'OUN: TI= 'EROUMEN2, 'W* QEAITHTE, 'EA=N TI$ "HMA$
'ANAKRINHI65; DUNATON DE "OTWIOUN "O= LEGETAI, KAI TI$ 'ANQRWPWN
TO MH 'ON DOXASEI2, 'EI=TE PERI= TWN 'ONTWN0 TOU 'EI=TE 'AUTO KAQ'
"AUTO: KAI "HMEI$ DH, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, PRO$ TAUTA FHSOMEN; "OTAN
<P 188E>
GE MH 'ALHQH 'OIHTAI 'OIOMENO$; 'H= PW*$ 'EROUMEN2:
QEAI ^ "OUTW$.
SW ^ 'H*-'OUN-KAI 'ALLOQI POU TO TOIOUTON 'ESTIN:
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON:
SW ^ 'EI TI$ "ORA*I0 MEN TI, "ORA*I0 DE 'OUDEN.
QEAI ^ KAI PW*$:
SW ^ 'ALLA=-MHN 'EI "EN GE TI "ORA*I0, TWN 'ONTWN0 TI "ORA*I0. 'H= SU
'OIEI POTE TO "EN 'EN TOI$ MH 'OUSIN 'EINAI:
QEAI ^ 'OUK 'EGWGE.
SW ^ "O 'A=RA "EN GE TI "ORWN 'ON TI "ORA*I0.
QEAI ^ FAINETAI.


<P 189A>
SW ^ KAI "O 'A=RA TI 'AKOUWN "EN GE TI 'AKOUEI0 KAI 'ON 'AKOUEI80.
QEAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ KAI "O "APTOMENO$ DH TOU "ENO$ GE TOU "APTETAI KAI
'ONTO$, 'EIPER "ENO$:
QEAI ^ KAI TOUTO.
SW ^ "O DE-DH DOXAZWN 'OUC "EN GE TI DOXAZEI0:
QEAI ^ 'ANAGKH.
SW ^ "O D' "EN TI DOXAZWN 'OUK 'ON TI:
QEAI ^ SUGCWRW0.
SW ^ "O 'A=RA MH 'ON DOXAZWN 'OUDEN DOXAZEI0.
QEAI ^ 'OU FAINETAI.
SW ^ 'ALLA=-MHN "O GE MHDEN DOXAZWN TO PARAPAN 'OUDE
DOXAZEI0.
QEAI ^ DHLON, "W$ 'EOIKEN0.
<P 189B>
SW ^ 'OUK-'A=RA "OION-TE TO MH 'ON DOXAZEIN, 'OUTE PERI= TWN
'ONTWN0 'OUTE 'AUTO KAQ' "AUTO.
QEAI ^ 'OU FAINETAI.
SW ^ 'ALLO TI 'A=R' 'ESTI TO YEUDH DOXAZEIN TOU* TA MH 'ONTA
DOXAZEIN.
QEAI ^ 'ALLO 'EOIKEN0.
SW ^ 'OUT'-'A=R' "OUTW$ 'OUTE "W$ 'OLIGON PROTERON 'ESKOPOUMEN,
YEUDH$ 'ESTI DOXA 'EN "HMIN.
QEAI ^ 'OU-GAR-'OUN-DH.
SW ^ 'ALL'-'A*RA "WDE GIGNOMENON TOUTO PROSAGOREUOMEN:
QEAI ^ PW*$:
SW ^ 'ALLODOXIAN TINA 'OUSAN YEUDH FAMEN 'EINAI DOXAN,
<P 189C>
"OTAN TI$ TI7 TWN 'ONTWN0 'ALLO 'AU TWN 'ONTWN0 'ANTALLAXAMENO$
THI DIANOIA\ FHI5 'EINAI. "OUTW GAR 'ON MEN 'AEI DOXAZEI0, "ETERON
DE 'ANQ' "ETEROU, KAI "AMARTANWN "OU2 'ESKOPEI DIKAIW$ 'AN4 KALOITO
YEUDH DOXAZWN.
QEAI ^ 'ORQOTATA MOI NU*N DOKEI$ 'EIRHKENAI. "OTAN GAR
TI$ 'ANTI KALOU 'AISCRON 'H= 'ANTI 'AISCROU KALON DOXAZHI5, TO=TE
"W$ 'ALHQW$ DOXAZEI0 YEUDH.
SW ^ DHLO$ 'EI*0, 'W* QEAITHTE, KATAFRONWN MOU KAI 'OU
DEDIW$.
QEAI ^ TI= MALISTA:
SW ^ 'OUK 'AN4 'OIMAI SOI4 DOKW0 TOU* 'ALHQW$ YEUDOU$ 'ANTILABESQAI,
<P 189D>
'EROMENO$ 'EI "OION-TE TACU BRADEW$ 'H= KOUFON
BAREW$ 'H= 'ALLO TI 'ENANTION MH KATA THN "AUTOU FUSIN 'ALLA=
KATA THN TOU* 'ENANTIOU GIGNESQAI "EAUTWI 'ENANTIW$. TOUTO
MEN-'OUN, "INA MH MATHN QARRHSHI$, 'AFIHMI. 'ARESKEI0 DE, "W$
FH=I$, TO TA YEUDH DOXAZEIN 'ALLODOXEIN 'EINAI:
QEAI ^ 'EMOIGE.
SW ^ 'ESTIN2 'A=RA KATA THN SHN DOXAN "ETERON TI "W$ "ETERON
KAI MH "W$ 'EKEINO THI DIANOIA\ TIQESQAI.
QEAI ^ 'ESTI2 MENTOI.
<P 189E>
SW ^ "OTAN 'OUN TOUQ' "H DIANOIA TOU DRA*I2, 'OU-KAI 'ANAGKH
'AUTHN 'HTOI 'AMFO=TERA 'H= TO "ETERON DIANOEISQAI:
QEAI ^ 'ANAGKH MEN-'OUN; 'HTOI "AMA GE 'H= 'EN MEREI.
SW ^ KALLISTA. TO DE DIANOEISQAI 'A*R' "OPER 'EGW KALEI$0:
QEAI ^ TI= KALWN0:
SW ^ LOGON "ON 'AUTH PRO$ "AUTHN "H YUCH DIEXERCETAI PERI=
"WN 'AN4 SKOPHI5. "W$ GE MH 'EIDW$ SOI4 'APOFAINOMAI. TOUTO GAR
MOI 'INDALLETAI DIANOOUMENH 'OUK 'ALLO TI 'H= DIALEGESQAI, 'AUTH


<P 190A>
"EAUTHN 'ERWTWSA KAI 'APOKRINOMENH, KAI FASKOUSA KAI 'OU
FASKOUSA. "OTAN DE "ORISASA, 'EI=TE BRADUTERON 'EI=TE-KAI
'OXUTERON 'EPA\XASA, TO 'AUTO 'HDH FHI5 KAI MH DISTAZHI5, DOXAN
TAUTHN TIQEMEN 'AUTH$. "WST' 'EGWGE TO DOXAZEIN LEGEIN KALW0
KAI THN DOXAN LOGON 'EIRHMENON, 'OU-MENTOI PRO$ 'ALLON 'OUDE
FWNHI, 'ALLA= SIGHI PRO$ "AUTON; SU DE TI=:
QEAI ^ 'KAGW.
SW ^ "OTAN 'A=RA TI$ TO "ETERON "ETERON DOXAZHI5, KAI FHSIN,
"W$ 'EOIKE0, TO "ETERON "ETERON 'EINAI PRO$ "EAUTON.
<P 190B>
QEAI ^ TI= MHN:
SW ^ 'ANAMIMNHISKOU DH 'EI PWPOT' 'EIPE$ PRO$ SEAUTON "OTI4
PANTO$ MALLON TO TOI KALON 'AISCRON 'ESTIN 'H= TO 'ADIKON
DIKAION. 'H=-KAI, TO PANTWN KEFALAION, SKOPEI5 'EI POT' 'EPECEIRHSA$
SEAUTON PEIQEIN "W$ PANTO$ MALLON TO "ETERON "ETERON
'ESTIN, 'H= PAN 'TOUNANTION 'OUD' 'EN "UPNWI PWPOTE 'ETOLMHSA$
'EIPEIN PRO$ SEAUTON "W$ PANTAPASIN 'A=RA TA PERITTA 'A=RTIA
'ESTIN 'H= TI 'ALLO TOIOUTON.
QEAI ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
<P 190C>
SW ^ 'ALLON DE TINA 'OIEI "UGIAINONTA 'H= MAINOMENON TOLMHSAI0
SPOUDHI PRO$ "EAUTON 'EIPEIN 'ANAPEIQONTA "AUTON "W$ 'ANAGKH TON
BOUN "IPPON 'EINAI 'H= TA DUO "EN:
QEAI ^ MA DI=' 'OUK 'EGWGE.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EI TO LEGEIN PRO$ "EAUTON DOXAZEIN 'ESTIN,
'OUDEI$ 'AMFO=TERA GE LEGWN KAI DOXAZWN KAI8 'EFAPTOMENO$
'AMFOIN THI YUCHI 'EIPOI 'AN4 KAI DOXASEIEN "W$ TO "ETERON "ETERON
'ESTIN. 'EATEON DE-KAI SOI4 TO "RHMA PERI=8 TOU*8 "ETEROU8; LEGW0
<P 190D>
GAR 'AUTO THIDE, MHDENA DOXAZEIN "W$ TO 'AISCRON KALON 'H= 'ALLO
TI TWN TOIOUTWN.
QEAI ^ 'ALL', 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EW0 TE-KAI MOI DOKEI0 "W$ LEGEI$.
SW ^ 'AMFW MEN-'A=RA DOXAZONTA 'ADUNATON TO GE "ETERON
"ETERON DOXAZEIN.
QEAI ^ 'EOIKEN0.
SW ^ 'ALLA=-MHN TO "ETERON GE MONON DOXAZWN, TO DE "ETERON
MHDAMHI, 'OUDEPOTE DOXASEI2 TO "ETERON "ETERON 'EINAI.
QEAI ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$; 'ANAGKAZOITO GAR 'AN4 'EFAPTESQAI
KAI "OU2 MH DOXAZEI0.
SW ^ 'OUT'-'A=R' 'AMFO=TERA 'OUTE TO "ETERON DOXAZONTI 'EGCWREI0
<P 190E>
'ALLODOXEIN. "WST' 'EI TI$ "ORIEITAI DOXAN 'EINAI YEUDH TO
"ETERODOXEIN, 'OUDEN 'AN4 LEGOI; 'OUTE-GAR TAUTHI 'OUTE KATA TA
PRO=TERA FAINETAI YEUDH$ 'EN "HMIN 'OUSA DOXA.
QEAI ^ 'OUK 'EOIKEN0.
SW ^ 'ALLA=-MENTOI, 'W* QEAITHTE, 'EI TOUTO MH FANHSETAI
'ON, POLLA 'ANAGKASQHSOMEQA "OMOLOGEIN KAI 'ATOPA.
QEAI ^ TA POI*A DH:
SW ^ 'OUK 'ERW2 SOI4 PRIN 'AN4 PANTACHI PEIRAQW SKOPWN.
'AISCUNOIMHN GAR 'AN4 "UPER "HMWN, 'EN "WI 'APOROUMEN, 'ANAGKAZOMENWN


<P 191A>
"OMOLOGEIN "OI*A LEGW0. 'ALL' 'EA=N "EURWMEN KAI 'ELEUQEROI
GENWMEQA, TO=T' 'HDH PERI= TWN 'ALLWN 'EROUMEN2 "W$ PASCONTWN0
'AUTA 'EKTO$ TOU* GELOIOU "ESTWTE$; 'EA=N DE PANTHI 'APORHSWMEN,
TAPEINWQENTE$ 'OIMAI TW*I LOGWI PAREXOMEN "W$ NAUTIWNTE$
PATEIN TE-KAI CRHSQAI "OTI2 'AN4 BOULHTAI. "HI 'OUN 'ETI PORON
TINA "EURISKW0 TOU* ZHTHMATO$ "HMIN, 'AKOUE.
QEAI ^ LEGE MONON.
SW ^ 'OU FHSW2 "HMA$ 'ORQW$ "OMOLOGHSAI0, "HNIKA "WMOLOGHSAMEN
"A TI$ 'OIDEN, 'ADUNATON DOXASAI0 "A MH 'OIDEN 'EINAI 'AUTA
<P 191B>
KAI YEUSQHNAI; 'ALLA= PHI DUNATON.
QEAI ^ 'A*RA LEGEI$ "O= KAI 'EGW TO=TE "UPWPTEUSA, "HNIK'
'AUTO 'EFAMEN TOIOUTON 'EINAI, "OTI4 'ENIOT' 'EGW GIGNWSKWN
SWKRATH, PORRWQEN DE "ORWN 'ALLON "ON 'OU GIGNWSKW0, 'WIHQHN
'EINAI SWKRATH "ON 'OIDA: GIGNETAI GAR-DH 'EN TW*I TOIOUTWI
"OION LEGEI$.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'APESTHMEN 'AUTOU4, "OTI4 "A 'ISMEN 'EPOIEI "HMA$
'EIDOTA$ MH 'EIDENAI:
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ MH-GAR "OUTW TIQWMEN, 'ALL' "WDE; 'ISW$ PHI "HMIN
<P 191C>
SUGCWRHSETAI, 'ISW$ DE 'ANTITENEI2. 'ALLA=-GAR 'EN TOIOUTWI
'ECOMEQA, 'EN "WI 'ANAGKH PANTA METASTREFONTA LOGON BASANIZEIN.
SKOPEI5 'OUN 'EI TI LEGW0. 'A*RA 'ESTIN20 MH 'EIDOTA TI
PROTERON "USTERON MAQEIN:
QEAI ^ 'ESTI20 MENTOI.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'AUQI$ "ETERON KAI "ETERON:
QEAI ^ TI= D' 'OU=:
SW ^ QE$ DH MOI LOGOU "ENEKA 'EN TAI$ YUCAI$ "HMWN 'ENON
KHRINON 'EKMAGEION, TW*I MEN MEIZON, TW*I D' 'ELATTON, KAI TW*I
MEN KAQARWTEROU KHROU, TW*I DE KOPRWDESTEROU, KAI SKLHROTEROU,
<P 191D>
'ENIOI$ DE "UGROTEROU, 'ESTI D' "OI$ METRIW$ 'ECONTO$.
QEAI ^ TIQHMI.
SW ^ DWRON TOINUN 'AUTO FWMEN 'EINAI TH$ TWN MOUSWN
MHTRO$ MNHMOSUNH$, KAI 'EI$ TOUTO "OTI2 'AN4 BOULHQWMEN MNHMONEUSAI0
"WN 'AN4 'IDWMEN 'H= 'AKOUSWMEN 'H= 'AUTOI 'ENNOHSWMEN,
"UPECONTA$ 'AUTO TAI$ 'AISQHSESI KAI 'ENNOIAI$, 'APOTUPOUSQAI,
"WSPER DAKTULIWN SHMEIA 'ENSHMAINOMENOU$; KAI "O= MEN 'AN4
'EKMAGHI, MNHMONEUEIN TE-KAI 'EPISTASQAI "EW$ 'AN4 'ENHI TO
'EIDWLON 'AUTOU4; "O= D' 'AN4 'EXALEIFQHI 'H= MH "OION-TE-GENHTAI
<P 191E>
'EKMAGHNAI, 'EPILELHSQAI TE-KAI MH 'EPISTASQAI.
QEAI ^ 'ESTW "OUTW$.
SW ^ "O TOINUN 'EPISTAMENO$ MEN 'AUTA, SKOPWN DE TI "WN
"ORA*I0 'H= 'AKOUEI0, 'AQREI5 'EI 'A=RA TOIWIDE TROPWI YEUDH 'AN4 DOXASAI0.
QEAI ^ POI=WI DH TINI:
SW ^ "A 'OIDEN, 'OIHQEI$ 'EINAI TOTE= MEN "A 'OIDE, TOTE= DE
"A MH. TAUTA GAR 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN 'OU KALW$ "WMOLOGHSAMEN
"OMOLOGOUNTE$ 'ADUNATA.
QEAI ^ NU*N DE PW*$ LEGEI$:


<P 192A>
SW ^ DEI "WDE LEGESQAI PERI= 'AUTWN 'EX 'ARCH$ DIORIZOMENOU$
"OTI4 "O= MEN TI$ 'OIDEN, SCWN 'AUTOU4 MNHMEION 'EN THI
YUCHI, 'AISQANETAI DE 'AUTO MH, 'OIHQHNAI "ETERON TI "WN 'OIDEN,
'ECONTA KAI 'EKEINOU TUPON, 'AISQANOMENON DE MH, 'ADUNATON.
KAI "O= GE 'OIDEN 'AU, 'OIHQHNAI 'EINAI "O= MH 'OIDE MHD' 'ECEI0 'AUTOU4
SFRAGIDA; KAI "O= MH 'OIDEN, "O= MH 'OIDEN 'AU; KAI "O= MH 'OIDEN,
"O= 'OIDE; KAI "O= 'AISQANETAI GE, "ETERON TI "WN 'AISQANETAI
'OIHQHNAI 'EINAI; KAI "O= 'AISQANETAI, "WN TI MH 'AISQANETAI; KAI
<P 192B>
"O= MH 'AISQANETAI, "WN MH 'AISQANETAI; KAI "O= MH 'AISQANETAI,
"WN 'AISQANETAI. KAI 'ETI GE 'AU KAI "O= 'OIDE KAI 'AISQANETAI KAI
'ECEI0 TO SHMEION KATA THN 'AISQHSIN, 'OIQHNAI 'AU "ETERON TI
"WN 'OIDE KAI 'AISQANETAI KAI 'ECEI0 'AU KAI 'EKEINOU TO SHMEION
KATA THN 'AISQHSIN, 'ADUNATWTERON 'ETI 'EKEINWN, 'EI "OION-TE.
KAI "O= 'OIDE KAI "O=8 'AISQANETAI 'ECWN TO MNHMEION 'ORQW$, "O=
'OIDEN 'OIHQHNAI 'ADUNATON; KAI "O= 'OIDE KAI 'AISQANETAI 'ECWN
<P 192C>
KATA 'TAUTA, "O= 'AISQANETAI; KAI "O= 'AU MH 'OIDE MHDE 'AISQANETAI,
"O= MH 'OIDE MHDE 'AISQANETAI; KAI "O= MH 'OIDE MHDE 'AISQANETAI,
"O= MH 'OIDE; KAI "O= MH 'OIDE MHDE 'AISQANETAI, "O= MH
'AISQANETAI; PANTA TAUTA "UPERBALLEI0 'ADUNAMIA\ TOU* 'EN
'AUTOI$ YEUDH TINA DOXASAI0. LEIPETAI DH 'EN TOI$ TOIOISDE,
'EIPER POU 'ALLOQI TO TOIOUTON GENESQAI.
QEAI ^ 'EN TI=SI DH: 'EA=N 'A=RA 'EX 'AUTWN TI MALLON MAQW;
NU*N MEN-GAR 'OUC "EPOMAI.
SW ^ 'EN "OI$ 'OIDEN, 'OIHQHNAI 'AUTA "E=TER' 'ATTA 'EINAI "WN
'OIDE KAI 'AISQANETAI; 'H= "WN MH 'OIDEN, 'AISQANETAI DE; 'H= "WN
<P 192D>
'OIDE KAI 'AISQANETAI, "WN 'OIDEN 'AU KAI 'AISQANETAI.
QEAI ^ NU*N POLU PLEON 'APELEIFQHN 'H= TO=TE.
SW ^ "WDE DH 'ANAPALIN 'AKOUE. 'EGW 'EIDW$ QEODWRON KAI
'EN 'EMAUTWI MEMNHMENO$ "OIO$ 'ESTI, KAI QEAITHTON KATA 'TAUTA,
'ALLO TI 'ENIOTE MEN "ORW0 'AUTOU$, 'ENIOTE DE 'OU=, KAI "APTOMAI POT'
'AUTWN, TOTE= D' 'OU=, KAI 'AKOUW0 'H= TINA 'ALLHN 'AISQHSIN 'AISQANOMAI,
TOTE= D' 'AISQHSIN MEN 'OUDEMIAN 'ECW0 PERI= "UMWN, MEMNHMAI
DE "UMA$ 'OUDEN "HTTON KAI 'EPISTAMAI 'AUTO$ 'EN 'EMAUTWI:
<P 192E>
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ TOUTO TOINUN PRWTON MAQE "WN BOULOMAI DHLWSAI0,
"OTI4 'ESTI20 MEN "A 'OIDE MH 'AISQANESQAI, 'ESTIN20 DE 'AISQANESQAI.
QEAI ^ 'ALHQH.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI "A MH 'OIDE, POLLAKI$ MEN 'ESTI20 MHDE
'AISQANESQAI, POLLAKI$ DE 'AISQANESQAI MONON:
QEAI ^ 'ESTI20 KAI TOUTO.
SW ^ 'IDE DH 'EA=N TI MALLON NU*N 'EPISPHI4. SWKRATH$


<P 193A>
'EI GIGNWSKEI0 QEODWRON KAI QEAITHTON, "ORA*I0 DE MHDETERON,
MHDE 'ALLH 'AISQHSI$ 'AUTWI PARESTI PERI= 'AUTWN, 'OUK 'AN4 POTE
'EN "EAUTWI DOXASEIEN "W$ "O QEAITHTO$ 'ESTI QEODWRO$. LEGW0
TI 'H= 'OUDEN:
QEAI ^ NAI, 'ALHQH GE.
SW ^ TOUTO MEN-TOINUN 'EKEINWN PRWTON 'H*N "WN 'ELEGON.
QEAI ^ 'H*N GAR.
SW ^ DEUTERON TOINUN, "OTI4 TON MEN GIGNWSKWN "UMWN, TON
DE MH GIGNWSKWN, 'AISQANOMENO$ DE MHDETERON, 'OUK 'AN4 POTE
'AU 'OIHQEIHN "ON 'OIDA 'EINAI "ON MH 'OIDA.
QEAI ^ 'ORQW$.
<P 193B>
SW ^ TRITON DE, MHDETERON GIGNWSKWN MHDE 'AISQANOMENO$
'OUK 'AN4 'OIHQEIHN "ON MH 'OIDA "ETERON TIN' 'EINAI "WN MH
'OIDA. KAI 'TALLA TA PRO=TERA PANQ' "EXH$ NOMIZE PALIN
'AKHKOENAI, 'EN "OI$ 'OUDEPOT' 'EGW PERI= SOU4 KAI QEODWROU TA
YEUDH DOXASW2, 'OUTE GIGNWSKWN 'OUTE 'AGNOWN 'AMFW, 'OUTE
TON MEN, TON D' 'OU GIGNWSKWN; KAI PERI= 'AISQHSEWN KATA
'TAUTA, 'EI 'A=RA "EPHI0.
QEAI ^ "EPOMAI.
SW ^ LEIPETAI TOINUN TA YEUDH DOXASAI0 'EN TWIDE, "OTAN
GIGNWSKWN SE KAI QEODWRON, KAI 'ECWN 'EN 'EKEINWI TW*I KHRINWI
<P 193C>
"WSPER DAKTULIWN SFWIN 'AMFOIN TA SHMEIA, DIA= MAKROU KAI
MH "IKANW$ "ORWN 'AMFW PROQUMHQW, TO 'OIKEION "EKATEROU SHMEION
'APODOU$ THI 'OIKEIA\ 'OYEI, 'EMBIBASA$ PROSARMOSAI0 'EI$ TO
"EAUTH$ 'ICNO$, "INA GENHTAI 'ANAGNWRISI$, 'EITA TOUTWN 'APOTUCWN
KAI "WSPER "OI 'EMPALIN "UPODOUMENOI PARALLAXA$
PROSBALW4 THN "EKATEROU 'OYIN PRO$ TO 'ALLOTRION SHMEION,
'H=-KAI "OI*A TA 'EN TOI$ KATOPTROI$ TH$ 'OYEW$ PAQH, DEXIA 'EI$
<P 193D>
'ARISTERA METARREOUSH$, 'TAUTON PAQWN DIAMARTW; TO=TE DH
SUMBAINEI0 "H "ETERODOXIA KAI TO YEUDH DOXAZEIN.
QEAI ^ 'EOIKE0 GAR, 'W* SWKRATE$. QAUMASIW$ "W$ LEGEI$
TO TH$ DOXH$ PAQO$.
SW ^ 'ETI TOINUN-KAI "OTAN 'AMFOTEROU$ GIGNWSKWN TON
MEN PRO$ TW*I GIGNWSKEIN 'AISQANWMAI, TON DE MH, THN DE
GNWSIN TOU* "ETEROU MH KATA THN 'AISQHSIN 'ECW3, "O= 'EN TOI$
PROSQEN "OUTW$ 'ELEGON KAI MOU TO=TE 'OUK 'EMANQANE$.
QEAI ^ 'OU-GAR-'OUN.
SW ^ TOUTO MHN 'ELEGON, "OTI4 GIGNWSKWN TON "ETERON KAI
<P 193E>
'AISQANOMENO$, KAI THN GNWSIN KATA THN 'AISQHSIN 'AUTOU4 'ECWN,
'OUDEPOTE 'OIHSETAI 'EINAI 'AUTON "ETERON TINA "ON GIGNWSKEI0 TE-KAI
'AISQANETAI KAI THN GNWSIN 'AU KAI 'EKEINOU 'ECEI0 KATA THN
'AISQHSIN. 'H*N GAR TOUTO:
QEAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ PARELEIPETO DE-GE-POU TO NU*N LEGOMENON, 'EN "WI DH
FAMEN THN YEUDH DOXAN GIGNESQAI TO 'AMFW GIGNWSKONTA


<P 194A>
KAI 'AMFW "ORWNTA 'H= TINA 'ALLHN 'AISQHSIN 'ECONTA 'AMFOIN TW
SHMEIW MH KATA THN 'AUTOU4 'AISQHSIN "EKATERON 'ECEIN, 'ALL'
"OION TOXOTHN FAULON "IENTA PARALLAXAI0 TOU* SKOPOU KAI
"AMARTEIN, "O= DH-KAI YEUDO$ 'A=RA 'WNOMASTAI.
QEAI ^ 'EIKOTW$ GE.
SW ^ KAI "OTAN TOINUN TW*I MEN PARHI 'AISQHSI$ TWN SHMEIWN,
TW*I DE MH, TO DE TH$ 'APOUSH$ 'AISQHSEW$ THI PAROUSHI PROSARMOSHI6,
PANTHI TAUTHI YEUDETAI "H DIANOIA. KAI "ENI LOGWI,
PERI= "WN MEN MH 'OIDE TI$ MHD' 'EPHISQETO PWPOTE, 'OUK 'ESTIN,
<P 194B>
"W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'OUTE YEUDESQAI 'OUTE YEUDH$ DOXA, 'EI TI NU*N "HMEI$
"UGIE$ LEGOMEN; PERI= DE "WN 'ISMEN TE-KAI 'AISQANOMEQA, 'EN 'AUTOI$
TOUTOI$ STREFETAI KAI "ELITTETAI "H DOXA YEUDH$ KAI 'ALHQH$
GIGNOMENH, KATANTIKRU MEN-KAI KATA TO 'EUQU TA 'OIKEI*A SUNAGOUSA
'APOTUPWMATA KAI TUPOU$ 'ALHQH$, 'EI$ PLA=GIA DE-KAI
SKOLIA YEUDH$.
QEAI ^ 'OUKOU*N KALW$, 'W* SWKRATE$, LEGETAI:
<P 194C>
SW ^ 'ETI TOINUN-KAI TADE 'AKOUSA$ MALLON 'AUTO 'EREI$2. TO
MEN-GAR 'TALHQE$ DOXAZEIN KALON, TO DE YEUDESQAI 'AISCRON.
QEAI ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
SW ^ TAUTA TOINUN FASIN0 'ENQENDE GIGNESQAI. "OTAN MEN
"O KHRO$ TOU 'EN THI YUCHI BAQU$ TE-KAI POLU$ KAI LEIO$ KAI
METRIW$ 'WRGASMENO$-'HI, TA 'IONTA DIA= TWN 'AISQHSEWN, 'ENSHMAINOMENA
'EI$ TOUTO TO TH$ YUCH$ KEAR9, "O= 'EFH "OMHRO$
'AINITTOMENO$ THN TOU* KHROU "OMOIOTHTA, TO=TE MEN-KAI TOUTOI$
<P 194D>
KAQARA TA SHMEIA 'EGGIGNOMENA KAI "IKANW$ TOU* BAQOU$ 'ECONTA
POLUCRO=NIA TE GIGNETAI KAI 'EISIN "OI TOIOUTOI PRWTON MEN
'EUMAQEI$, 'EPEITA MNHMONE$, 'EITA 'OU PARALLATTOUSI0 TWN 'AISQHSEWN
TA SHMEIA 'ALLA= DOXAZOUSIN0 'ALHQH. SAFH GAR-KAI 'EN
'EURUCWRIA\ 'ONTA TACU DIANEMOUSIN0 'EPI TA "AUTWN "EKASTA
'EKMAGEIA, "A DH 'ONTA KALEITAI0, KAI SOFOI DH "OUTOI KALOUNTAI0.
'H= 'OU DOKEI0 SOI4:
QEAI ^ "UPERFUW$ MEN-'OUN.
<P 194E>
SW ^ "OTAN TOINUN LASION9 TOU TO KEAR9 'HI, "O= DH 'EPHINESEN
"O PASSOFO$ POIHTH$, 'H= "OTAN KOPRWDE$ KAI MH KAQAROU TOU*
KHROU, 'H= "UGRON SFO=DRA 'H= SKLHRON, "WN MEN "UGRON 'EUMAQEI$
MEN, 'EPILHSMONE$ DE GIGNONTAI, "WN DE SKLHRON, 'TANANTIA.
"OI DE-DH LASION1 KAI TRACU LIQWDE$ TI 'H= GH$ 'H= KOPROU SUMMIGEISH$
'EMPLEWN 'ECONTE$ 'ASAFH TA 'EKMAGEIA 'ISCOUSIN0.
'ASAFH DE-KAI "OI TA SKLHRA; BAQO$ GAR 'OUK 'ENI. 'ASAFH


<P 195A>
DE-KAI "OI TA "UGRA; "UPO GAR TOU* SUGCEISQAI TACU GIGNETAI
'AMUDRA. 'EA=N DE PRO$ PASI TOUTOI$ 'EP' 'ALLHLWN SUMPEPTWKOTA-'HI
"UPO STENOCWRIA$, 'EA=N TOU SMIKRON 'HI TO YUCARION,
'ETI 'ASAFE=STERA 'EKEINWN. PANTE$ 'OUN "OUTOI GIGNONTAI "OIOI
DOXAZEIN YEUDH. "OTAN GAR TI "ORWSIN3 'H= 'AKOUWSIN 'H= 'EPINOWSIN,
"EKASTA 'APONEMEIN0 TACU "EKASTOI$ 'OU DUNAMENOI BRADEI$
TE 'EISI KAI 'ALLOTRIONOMOUNTE$ PARORWSI0 TE-KAI PARAKOUOUSI0
KAI PARANOOUSI0 PLEISTA, KAI KALOUNTAI0 'AU "OUTOI 'EYEUSMENOI
TE-DH TWN 'ONTWN0 KAI 'AMAQEI$.
<P 195B>
QEAI ^ 'ORQOTATA 'ANQRWPWN LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ FWMEN 'A=RA 'EN "HMIN YEUDEI$ DOXA$ 'EINAI:
QEAI ^ SFO=DRA GE.
SW ^ KAI 'ALHQEI$ DH:
QEAI ^ KAI 'ALHQEI$.
SW ^ 'HDH 'OUN 'OIOMEQA "IKANW$ "WMOLOGHSQAI "OTI4 PANTO$
MALLON 'ESTON0 'AMFOTE=RA TOUTW TW DOXA:
QEAI ^ "UPERFUW$ MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ DEINON TE, 'W* QEAITHTE, "W$ 'ALHQW$ KINDUNEUEI0 KAI
'AHDE$ 'EINAI 'ANHR 'ADOLESCH$.
QEAI ^ TI= DE: PRO$ TI= TOUT' 'EIPE$:
<P 195C>
SW ^ THN 'EMAUTOU DUSMAQIAN DUSCERANA$ KAI "W$ 'ALHQW$
'ADOLESCIAN. TI= GAR 'AN4 TI$ 'ALLO QEITO 'ONOMA, "OTAN 'ANW
KATW TOU$ LOGOU$ "ELKHI5 TI$ "UPO NWQEIA$ 'OU DUNAMENO$
PEISQHNAI, KAI 'HI DUSAPALLAKTO$ 'AF' "EKASTOU LOGOU:
QEAI ^ SU DE-DH TI= DUSCERAINEI$:
SW ^ 'OU DUSCERAINW0 MONON 'ALLA=-KAI DEDOIKA "OTI2 'APOKRINOUMAI
'AN2 TI$ 'ERHTAI ME; 'W* SWKRATE$, "HURHKA$ DH YEUDH
DOXAN, "OTI4 'OUTE 'EN TAI$ 'AISQHSESIN 'ESTI PRO$ 'ALLHLA$ 'OUT'
<P 195D>
'EN TAI$ DIANOIAI$ 'ALL' 'EN THI SUNAYEI 'AISQHSEW$ PRO$
DIANOIAN: FHSW2 DE 'EGW 'OIMAI KALLWPIZOMENO$ "W$ TI
"HURHKOTWN "HMWN KALON.
QEAI ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUK 'AISCRON 'EINAI TO
NU*N 'APODEDEIGMENON.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N, FHSI, LEGEI$ "OTI4 'AU TON 'ANQRWPON
"ON DIANOOUMEQA MONON, "ORWMEN0 D' 'OU=, "IPPON 'OUK 'AN4 POTE
'OIHQEIHMEN 'EINAI, "ON 'AU 'OUTE "ORWMEN0 'OUTE "APTOMEQA, DIANOOUMEQA
DE MONON KAI 'ALL'2 'OUDEN 'AISQANOMEQA PERI= 'AUTOU4:
TAUTA 'OIMAI FHSW2 LEGEIN.
QEAI ^ KAI 'ORQW$ GE.
<P 195E>
SW ^ TI= 'OUN, FHSI, TA "ENDEKA "A MHDEN 'ALLO 'H= DIANOEITAI
TI$, 'ALLO TI 'EK TOUTOU TOU* LOGOU 'OUK 'AN4 POTE 'OIHQEIH
DWDEKA 'EINAI "A MONON 'AU DIANOEITAI: 'IQI 'OUN-DH, SU
'APOKRINOU.
QEAI ^ 'ALL' 'APOKRINOUMAI "OTI4 "ORWN MEN 'AN4 TI$ 'H= 'EFAPTOMENO$
'OIHQEIH TA "ENDEKA DWDEKA 'EINAI, "A MENTOI 'EN THI DIANOIA\
'ECEI0, 'OUK 'AN4 POTE PERI= 'AUTWN TAUTA DOXASEIEN "OUTW$.
SW ^ TI= 'OUN: 'OIEI TINA PWPOTE 'AUTON 'EN "AUTWI PENTE KAI


<P 196A>
"EPTA, LEGW0 DE MH 'ANQRWPOU$ "EPTA KAI PENTE PROQEMENON
SKOPEIN MHD' 'ALLO TOIOUTON, 'ALL' 'AUTA PENTE KAI "EPTA, "A
FAMEN 'EKEI MNHMEIA 'EN TW*I 'EKMAGEIWI 'EINAI KAI YEUDH 'EN 'AUTOI$
'OUK 'EINAI20 DOXASAI0, TAUTA 'AUTA 'EI TI$ 'ANQRWPWN 'HDH PWPOTE
'ESKEYATO LEGWN PRO$ "AUTON KAI 'ERWTWN PO=SA POT' 'ESTIN,
KAI "O MEN TI$ 'EI*PEN 'OIHQEI$ "ENDEKA 'AUTA 'EINAI, "O DE DWDEKA,
'H= PANTE$ LEGOUSI0 TE-KAI 'OIONTAI DWDEKA 'AUTA 'EINAI:
<P 196B>
QEAI ^ 'OU MA TON DI=A, 'ALLA= POLLOI DH-KAI "ENDEKA; 'EA=N
DE-GE 'EN PLEIONI 'ARIQMWI TI$ SKOPHTAI, MALLON SFALLETAI.
'OIMAI GAR SE PERI= PANTO$ MALLON8 'ARIQMOU LEGEIN.
SW ^ 'ORQW$ GAR 'OIEI; KAI 'ENQUMOU MH TI TO=TE GIGNETAI
'ALLO 'H= 'AUTA TA DWDEKA TA 'EN TW*I 'EKMAGEIWI "ENDEKA
'OIHQHNAI.
QEAI ^ 'EOIKE0 GE.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EI$ TOU$ PRWTOU$ PALIN 'ANHKEI0 LOGOU$: "O GAR
TOUTO PAQWN, "O= 'OIDEN, "ETERON 'AUTO 'OIETAI 'EINAI "WN 'AU 'OIDEN,
"O= 'EFAMEN 'ADUNATON, KAI TOUTWI 'AUTWI 'HNAGKAZOMEN MH 'EINAI
<P 196C>
YEUDH DOXAN, "INA MH TA 'AUTA "O 'AUTO$ 'ANAGKAZOITO 'EIDW$ MH
'EIDENAI "AMA.
QEAI ^ 'ALHQESTATA.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'ALL'2 "OTIOUN DEI 'APOFAINEIN TO TA YEUDH
DOXAZEIN 'H= DIANOIA$ PRO$ 'AISQHSIN PARALLAGHN. 'EI GAR
TOUT' 'H*N, 'OUK 'AN4 POTE 'EN 'AUTOI$ TOI$ DIANOHMASIN 'EYEUDOMEQA.
NU*N DE 'HTOI 'OUK 'ESTI YEUDH$ DOXA, 'H= "A TI$ 'OIDEN, "OION-TE MH
'EIDENAI. KAI TOUTWN PO=TERA "AIRHI0:
QEAI ^ 'APORON "AIRESIN PROTIQH$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
<P 196D>
SW ^ 'ALLA=-MENTOI 'AMFO=TERA GE KINDUNEUEI0 "O LOGO$ 'OUK
'EASEIN. "OMW$ DE % PANTA GAR TOLMHTEON % TI= 'EI 'EPICEIRHSAIMEN
'ANAISCUNTEIN:
QEAI ^ PW*$:
SW ^ 'EQELHSANTE$ 'EIPEIN POI*ON TI POT' 'ESTI TO 'EPISTASQAI.
QEAI ^ KAI TI= TOUTO 'ANAISCUNTON:
SW ^ 'EOIKA$ 'OUK 'ENNOEIN "OTI4 PA$ "HMIN 'EX 'ARCH$ "O LOGO$
ZHTHSI$ GEGONEN0 'EPISTHMH$ "W$ 'OUK 'EIDOSI TI= POT' 'ESTIN.
QEAI ^ 'ENNOW0 MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ 'EPEIT' 'OUK 'ANAIDE$ DOKEI0 MH 'EIDOTA$ 'EPISTHMHN
'APOFAINESQAI TO 'EPISTASQAI "OION 'ESTIN: 'ALLA=-GAR, 'W*
<P 196E>
QEAITHTE, PALAI 'ESMEN 'ANAPLEWI TOU* MH KAQARW$ DIALEGESQAI.
MURIAKI$ GAR 'EIRHKAMEN TO GIGNWSKOMEN KAI
'OU GIGNWSKOMEN, KAI 'EPISTAMEQA KAI 'OUK 'EPISTAMEQA,
"W$ TI SUNIENTE$ 'ALLHLWN 'EN "WI 'ETI 'EPISTHMHN 'AGNOOUMEN;
'EI DE BOULEI, KAI NU*N 'EN TW*I PARONTI KECRHMEQ' 'AU TW*I
'AGNOEIN TE-KAI SUNIENAI, "W$ PROSHKON0 'AUTOI$ CRHSQAI
'EIPER STEROMEQA 'EPISTHMH$.
QEAI ^ 'ALLA= TI=NA TROPON DIALEXHI2, 'W* SWKRATE$, TOUTWN
'APECOMENO$:


<P 197A>
SW ^ 'OUDENA 'WN GE "O$ 'EIMI, 'EI MENTOI 'H*2 'ANTILOGIKO$; "OIO$
'ANHR 'EI KAI NU*N PARHN, TOUTWN T' 'AN4 'EFH 'APECESQAI KAI
"HMIN SFO=DR' 'AN4 "A 'EGW LEGW0 'EPEPLHTTEN. 'EPEIDH 'OUN 'ESMEN
FAULOI, BOULEI TOLMHSW4 'EIPEIN "OION 'ESTI TO 'EPISTASQAI:
FAINETAI GAR MOI 'PROURGOU TI 'AN4 GENESQAI.
QEAI ^ TOLMA TOINUN NH DI=A. TOUTWN DE MH 'APECOMENWI
SOI4 'ESTAI POLLH SUGGNWMH.
SW ^ 'AKHKOA$ 'OUN "O= NU*N LEGOUSIN0 TO 'EPISTASQAI:
QEAI ^ 'ISW$; 'OU-MENTOI 'EN GE TW*I PARONTI MNHMONEUW0.
<P 197B>
SW ^ 'EPISTHMH$ POU "EXIN FASIN0 'AUTO 'EINAI.
QEAI ^ 'ALHQH.
SW ^ "HMEI$ TOINUN SMIKRON METAQWMEQA KAI 'EIPWMEN
'EPISTHMH$ KTHSIN.
QEAI ^ TI= 'OUN-DH FHSEI$ TOUTO 'EKEINOU DIAFEREIN:
SW ^ 'ISW$ MEN 'OUDEN; "O= D'-'OUN DOKEI0 'AKOUSA$ SUNDOKIMAZE.
QEAI ^ 'EANPER GE "OIO$-T'-'W*2.
SW ^ 'OU-TOINUN MOI 'TAUTON FAINETAI TW*I KEKTHSQAI TO
'ECEIN. "OION "IMATION PRIAMENO$ TI$ KAI 'EGKRATH$ 'WN MH FORWN,
'ECEIN MEN 'OUK 'AN4 'AUTON 'AUTO, KEKTHSQAI GE-MHN FAIMEN.
QEAI ^ 'ORQW$ GE.
<P 197C>
SW ^ "ORA DH-KAI 'EPISTHMHN 'EI DUNATON "OUTW KEKTHMENON
MH 'ECEIN, 'ALL' "WSPER 'EI TI$ 'ORNIQA$ 'AGRIA$, PERISTERA$ 'H=
TI 'ALLO, QHREUSA$ 'OIKOI KATASKEUASAMENO$ PERISTEREWNA
TREFOI, TROPON MEN-GAR8 'AN4 POU TINA FAIMEN 'AUTON 'AUTA$
'AEI 'ECEIN, "OTI4 DH KEKTHTAI. 'H*-GAR:
QEAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ TROPON DE-G' 'ALLON 'OUDEMIAN 'ECEIN, 'ALLA= DUNAMIN
MEN 'AUTWI PERI= 'AUTA$ PARAGEGONENAI, 'EPEIDH 'EN 'OIKEIWI PERIBOLWI
"UPOCEIRIOU$ 'EPOIHSATO, LABEIN KAI SCEIN 'EPEIDAN
<P 197D>
BOULHTAI, QHREUSAMENWI "HN 'AN4 'AEI 'EQELHI5, KAI PALIN 'AFIENAI,
KAI TOUTO 'EXEINAI POIEIN "OPOSAKI$ 'AN4 DOKHI5 'AUTWI.
QEAI ^ 'ESTI TAUTA.
SW ^ PALIN DH, "WSPER 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN KHRINON TI 'EN TAI$
YUCAI$ KATESKEUAZOMEN 'OUK 'OID' "OTI2 PLASMA, NU*N 'AU 'EN "EKASTHI
YUCHI POIHSWMEN PERISTEREWNA TINA PANTODAPWN 'ORNIQWN,
TA$ MEN KAT' 'AGELA$ 'OUSA$ CWRI$ TWN 'ALLWN, TA$ DE KAT'
'OLIGA$, 'ENIA$ DE MONA$ DIA= PASWN "OPHI 'AN4 TUCWSI PETOMENA$.
<P 197E>
QEAI ^ PEPOIHSQW DH. 'ALLA= TI= 'TOUNTEUQEN:
SW ^ PAIDIWN MEN 'ONTWN0 FANAI0 CRH 'EINAI TOUTO TO 'AGGEION
KENON, 'ANTI DE TWN 'ORNIQWN 'EPISTHMA$ NOHSAI0; "HN D' 'AN4
'EPISTHMHN KTHSAMENO$ KAQEIRXHI6 'EI$ TON PERIBOLON, FANAI0
'AUTON MEMAQHKENAI 'H= "HURHKENAI TO PRAGMA "OU2 'H*N "AU=TH "H
'EPISTHMH, KAI TO 'EPISTASQAI TOUT' 'EINAI.
QEAI ^ 'ESTW.


<P 198A>
SW ^ TO TOINUN PALIN "HN 'AN4 BOULHTAI TWN 'EPISTHMWN
QHREUEIN KAI LABONTA 'ISCEIN KAI 'AUQI$ 'AFIENAI SKOPEI5 TI=NWN
DEITAI 'ONOMATWN, 'EI=TE TWN 'AUTWN "WN TO PRWTON "OTE 'EKTATO
'EI=TE "ETERWN. MAQHSHI2 D' 'ENQENDE SAFESTERON TI= LEGW0.
'ARIQMHTIKHN MEN-GAR LEGEI$ TECNHN:
QEAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ TAUTHN DH "UPOLABE QHRAN 'EPISTHMWN 'ARTIOU TE-KAI
PERITTOU PANTO$.
QEAI ^ "UPOLAMBANW0.
SW ^ TAUTHI DH 'OIMAI THI TECNHI 'AUTO$ TE "UPOCEIRIOU$ TA$
<P 198B>
'EPISTHMA$ TWN 'ARIQMWN 'ECEI0 KAI 'ALLWI PARADIDWSIN "O
PARADIDOU$.
QEAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ KAI KALOUMEN0 GE PARADIDONTA MEN DIDASKEIN, PARALAMBANONTA
DE MANQANEIN, 'ECONTA DE-DH TW*I KEKTHSQAI 'EN TW*I
PERISTEREWNI 'EKEINWI 'EPISTASQAI.
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ TW*I DE-DH 'ENTEUQEN 'HDH PROSSCE$ TON NOUN. 'ARIQMHTIKO$
GAR 'WN TELEW$ 'ALLO TI PANTA$ 'ARIQMOU$ 'EPISTATAI:
PANTWN GAR 'ARIQMWN 'EISIN 'AUTWI 'EN THI YUCHI 'EPISTHMAI.
QEAI ^ TI= MHN:
<P 198C>
SW ^ 'H*-'OUN "O TOIOUTO$ 'ARIQMOI 'AN4 POTE TI 'H= 'AUTO$ PRO$
"AUTON 'AUTA 'H= 'ALLO TI TWN 'EXW "OSA 'ECEI0 'ARIQMON:
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW ^ TO DE 'ARIQMEIN GE 'OUK 'ALLO TI QHSOMEN TOU*
SKOPEISQAI PO=SO$ TI$ 'ARIQMO$ TUGCANEI0 'WN.
QEAI ^ "OUTW$.
SW ^ "O= 'A=RA 'EPISTATAI, SKOPOUMENO$ FAINETAI "W$ 'OUK
'EIDW$, "ON "WMOLOGHKAMEN "APANTA 'ARIQMON 'EIDENAI. 'AKOUEI$
GAR-POU TA$ TOIAUTA$ 'AMFISBHTHSEI$.
QEAI ^ 'EGWGE.
<P 198D>
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N "HMEI$ 'APEIKAZONTE$ THI TWN PERISTERWN KTHSEI
TE-KAI QHRA\ 'EROUMEN2 "OTI4 DITTH 'H*N "H QHRA, "H MEN PRIN 'EKTHSQAI
TOU* KEKTHSQAI "ENEKA, "H DE KEKTHMENWI TOU* LABEIN KAI 'ECEIN
'EN TAI$ CERSIN "A PALAI 'EKEKTHTO. "OUTW$ DE-KAI "WN PALAI
'EPISTHMAI 'HSAN 'AUTWI MAQONTI KAI 'HPISTATO 'AUTA, PALIN 'ESTI20
KATAMANQANEIN 'TAUTA TAUTA 'ANALAMBANONTA THN 'EPISTHMHN
"EKASTOU KAI 'ISCONTA, "HN 'EKEKTHTO MEN PALAI, PROCEIRON D'
'OUK 'EICE THI DIANOIA\:
QEAI ^ 'ALHQH.
<P 198E>
SW ^ TOUTO DH 'ARTI 'HRWTWN, "OPW$ CRH TOI$ 'ONOMASI
CRWMENON LEGEIN PERI= 'AUTWN, "OTAN 'ARIQMHSWN 'IHI5 "O 'ARIQMHTIKO$
'H= TI 'ANAGNWSOMENO$ "O GRAMMATIKO$, "W$ 'EPISTAMENO$
'A=RA 'EN TW*I TOIOUTWI PALIN 'ERCETAI MAQHSOMENO$ PAR' "EAUTOU
"A 'EPISTATAI:
QEAI ^ 'ALL' 'ATOPON, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ 'ALL' "A 'OUK 'EPISTATAI FWMEN 'AUTON 'ANAGNWSESQAI


<P 199A>
KAI 'ARIQMHSEIN, DEDWKOTE$ 'AUTWI PANTA MEN GRAMMATA PANTA
DE 'ARIQMON 'EPISTASQAI:
QEAI ^ 'ALLA=-KAI TOUT' 'ALOGON.
SW ^ BOULEI 'OUN LEGWMEN "OTI4 TWN MEN 'ONOMATWN 'OUDEN
"HMIN MELEI0, "OPHI TI$ CAIREI0 "ELKWN TO 'EPISTASQAI KAI MANQANEIN,
'EPEIDH DE "WRISAMEQA "ETERON MEN TI TO KEKTHSQAI THN 'EPISTHMHN,
"ETERON DE TO 'ECEIN, "O= MEN TI$ 'EKTHTAI MH KEKTHSQAI
'ADUNATON FAMEN 'EINAI, "WSTE 'OUDEPOTE SUMBAINEI0 "O= TI$ 'OIDEN MH
'EIDENAI, YEUDH MENTOI DOXAN "OION-T'-'EINAI PERI= 'AUTOU4 LABEIN:
<P 199B>
MH-GAR 'ECEIN THN 'EPISTHMHN TOUTOU "OION-TE, 'ALL' "ETERAN 'ANT'
'EKEINH$ "OTAN QHREUWN TINA POU POT' 'EPISTHMHN DIAPETOMENWN
'ANQ' "ETERA$ "ETERAN "AMARTWN LABHI6, TO=TE 'A=RA TA "ENDEKA DWDEKA
'WIHQH 'EINAI, THN TWN "ENDEKA 'EPISTHMHN 'ANTI TH$ TWN
DWDEKA LABWN THN 'EN "EAUTWI "OION FATTAN 'ANTI PERISTERA$.
QEAI ^ 'ECEI0 GAR-'OUN LOGON.
SW ^ "OTAN DE-GE "HN 'EPICEIREI0 LABEIN LABHI6, 'AYEUDEIN TE-KAI
TA 'ONTA DOXAZEIN TO=TE, KAI "OUTW DH 'EINAI 'ALHQH TE-KAI
<P 199C>
YEUDH DOXAN, KAI "WN 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN 'EDUSCERAINOMEN 'OUDEN
'EMPODWN GIGNESQAI: 'ISW$ 'OUN MOI SUMFHSEI$; 'H= PW*$
POIHSEI$:
QEAI ^ "OUTW$.
SW ^ KAI-GAR TOU* MEN "A 'EPISTANTAI MH 'EPISTASQAI
'APHLLAGMEQA; "A GAR KEKTHMEQA MH KEKTHSQAI 'OUDAMOU 'ETI
SUMBAINEI0, 'OUTE YEUSQEISI TINO$ 'OUTE MH. DEINOTERON MENTOI
PAQO$ 'ALLO PARAFAINESQAI MOI DOKEI0.
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON:
SW ^ 'EI "H TWN 'EPISTHMWN METALLAGH YEUDH$ GENHSETAI
POTE DOXA.
QEAI ^ PW*$ DH:
<P 199D>
SW ^ PRWTON MEN TO TINO$ 'ECONTA 'EPISTHMHN TOUTO 'AUTO
'AGNOEIN, MH 'AGNWMOSUNHI 'ALLA= THI "EAUTOU 'EPISTHMHI; 'EPEITA
"ETERON 'AU TOUTO DOXAZEIN, TO D' "ETERON TOUTO, PW*$ 'OU POLLH
'ALOGIA, 'EPISTHMH$ PARAGENOMENH$ GNWNAI0 MEN THN YUCHN
MHDEN, 'AGNOHSAI0 DE PANTA: 'EK GAR TOUTOU TOU* LOGOU KWLUEI
'OUDEN KAI 'AGNOIAN PARAGENOMENHN GNWNAI0 TI POIHSAI0 KAI
TUFLOTHTA 'IDEIN, 'EIPER KAI 'EPISTHMH 'AGNOHSAI0 POTE TINA
POIHSEI2.
<P 199E>
QEAI ^ 'ISW$ GAR, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OU KALW$ TA$ 'ORNIQA$
'ETIQEMEN 'EPISTHMA$ MONON TIQENTE$, 'EDEI DE-KAI 'ANEPISTHMOSUNA$
TIQENAI "OMOU SUNDIAPETOMENA$ 'EN THI YUCHI, KAI
TON QHREUONTA TOTE= MEN 'EPISTHMHN LAMBANONTA, TOTE= D'
'ANEPISTHMOSUNHN TOU* 'AUTOU4 PE=RI YEUDH MEN DOXAZEIN THI
'ANEPISTHMOSUNHI, 'ALHQH DE THI 'EPISTHMHI.
SW ^ 'OU "RA\DION GE, 'W* QEAITHTE, MH 'EPAINEIN SE; "O= MENTOI
'EIPE$ PALIN 'EPISKEYAI. 'ESTW MEN-GAR "W$ LEGEI$; "O DE-DH THN


<P 200A>
'ANEPISTHMOSUNHN LABWN YEUDH MEN, FH=I$, DOXASEI2. 'H*-GAR:
QEAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'OU-DHPOU-KAI "HGHSETAI GE YEUDH DOXAZEIN.
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR:
SW ^ 'ALL' 'ALHQH GE, KAI "W$ 'EIDW$ DIAKEISETAI PERI= "WN
'EYEUSTAI.
QEAI ^ TI= MHN:
SW ^ 'EPISTHMHN 'A=RA 'OIHSETAI TEQHREUKW$ 'ECEIN 'ALL' 'OUK
'ANEPISTHMOSUNHN.
QEAI ^ DHLON.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N MAKRAN PERIELQONTE$ PALIN 'EPI THN PRWTHN
PARESMEN 'APORIAN. "O GAR 'ELEGKTIKO$ 'EKEINO$ GELASA$ FHSEI2;
<P 200B>
POTERON, 'W* BELTISTOI, 'AMFOTERA$ TI$ 'EIDW$, 'EPISTHMHN
TE-KAI 'ANEPISTHMOSUNHN, "HN 'OIDEN, "ETERAN 'AUTHN 'OIETAI TINA
'EINAI "WN 'OIDEN: 'H= 'OUDETERAN 'AUTHN8 'EIDW$, "HN MH 'OIDE, DOXAZEI0
"ETERAN "WN 'OUK 'OIDEN: 'H= THN MEN 'EIDW$, THN D' 'OU=, "HN 'OIDEN,
"HN MH 'OIDEN: 'H= "HN MH 'OIDEN, "HN 'OIDEN "HGEITAI: 'H= PALIN 'AU
MOI 'EREITE4 "OTI4 TWN 'EPISTHMWN KAI 'ANEPISTHMOSUNWN 'EISIN
'AU 'EPISTHMAI, "A$ "O KEKTHMENO$ 'EN "ETEROI$ TISI GELOIOI$
<P 200C>
PERISTEREWSIN 'H= KHRINOI$ PLASMASI KAQEIRXA$, "EWSPER 'AN4
KEKTHTAI 'EPISTATAI, KAI 'EA=N MH PROCEIROU$ 'ECHI5 'EN THI YUCHI:
KAI "OUTW DH 'ANAGKASQHSESQE 'EI$ 'TAUTON PERITRECEIN MURIAKI$
'OUDEN PLEON POIOUNTE$: TI= PRO$ TAUTA, 'W* QEAITHTE,
'APOKRINOUMEQA:
QEAI ^ 'ALLA= MA DI=', 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EGWGE 'OUK 'ECW0 TI=
CRH LEGEIN.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN "HMIN, 'W* PAI, KALW$ "O LOGO$ 'EPIPLHTTEI0
KAI 'ENDEIKNUTAI "OTI4 'OUK 'ORQW$ YEUDH DOXAN PROTERAN ZHTOUMEN
<P 200D>
'EPISTHMH$, 'EKEINHN 'AFENTE$: TO D' 'ESTIN 'ADUNATON GNWNAI0
PRIN 'AN4 TI$ 'EPISTHMHN "IKANW$ LABHI6 TI= POT' 'ESTIN.
QEAI ^ 'ANAGKH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EN TW*I PARONTI "W$ LEGEI$
'OIESQAI.
SW ^ TI= 'OUN TI$ 'EREI2 PALIN 'EX 'ARCH$ 'EPISTHMHN: 'OU-GAR-POU
'APEROUMEN2 GE PW:
QEAI ^ "HKISTA, 'EANPER MH SU GE 'APAGOREUHI$.
SW ^ LEGE DH, TI= 'AN4 'AUTO MALISTA 'EIPONTE$ "HKIST' 'AN4
"HMIN-'AUTOI$ 'ENANTIWQEIMEN:
<P 200E>
QEAI ^ "OPER 'EPECEIROUMEN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EN TW*I PROSQEN;
'OU-GAR 'ECW0 'EGWGE 'ALLO 'OUDEN.
SW ^ TO POI*ON:
QEAI ^ THN 'ALHQH DOXAN 'EPISTHMHN 'EINAI. 'ANAMARTHTON
GE-POU 'ESTIN TO DOXAZEIN 'ALHQH, KAI TA "UP' 'AUTOU4 GIGNOMENA
PANTA KALA KAI 'AGAQA GIGNETAI.
SW ^ "O TON POTAMON KAQHGOUMENO$, 'W* QEAITHTE, 'EFH 'A=RA
DEIXEIN 'AUTO; KAI TOUTO 'EA=N 'IONTE$ 'EREUNWMEN2, TAC' 'AN4


<P 201A>
'EMPODION GENOMENON 'AUTO FHNEIEN TO ZHTOUMENON, MENOUSI4
DE DHLON 'OUDEN.
QEAI ^ 'ORQW$ LEGEI$; 'ALL' 'IWMEN GE-KAI SKOPWMEN.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N TOUTO GE BRACEIA$ SKEYEW$; TECNH GAR
SOI4 "OLH SHMAINEI0 MH 'EINAI 'EPISTHMHN 'AUTO.
QEAI ^ PW*$ DH: KAI TI=$ "AU=TH:
SW ^ "H TWN MEGISTWN 'EI$ SOFIAN, "OU$ DH KALOUSIN0
"RHTORA$ TE-KAI DIKANIKOU$. "OUTOI GAR-POU THI "EAUTWN TECNHI
PEIQOUSIN0 'OU DIDASKONTE$ 'ALLA= DOXAZEIN POIOUNTE$ "A 'AN4
BOULWNTAI. 'H= SU 'OIEI DEINOU$ TINA$ "OUTW DIDASKALOU$ 'EINAI,
<P 201B>
"WSTE "OI$ MH PAREGENONTO TINE$ 'APOSTEROUMENOI$ CRHMATA
'H= TI 'ALLO BIAZOMENOI$, TOUTOI$ DUNASQAI PRO$ "UDWR SMIKRON
DIDAXAI0 "IKANW$ TWN GENOMENWN THN 'ALHQEIAN:
QEAI ^ 'OUDAMW$ 'EGWGE 'OIMAI, 'ALLA= PEISAI0 MEN.
SW ^ TO PEISAI0 D' 'OUCI DOXASAI0 LEGEI$ POIHSAI0:
QEAI ^ TI= MHN:
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N "OTAN DIKAIW$ PEISQWSIN DIKASTAI PERI= "WN
'IDONTI MONON 'ESTIN20 'EIDENAI, 'ALLW$ DE MH, TAUTA TO=TE 'EX
<P 201C>
'AKOH$ KRINONTE$, 'ALHQH DOXAN LABONTE$, 'ANEU 'EPISTHMH$
'EKRINAN, 'ORQA PEISQENTE$, 'EIPER 'EU 'EDIKASAN:
QEAI ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ 'OUK 'AN4, 'W* FILE, 'EI GE 'TAUTON 'H*N DOXA TE 'ALHQH$
KAI88 DIKASTHRIA88 KAI 'EPISTHMH, 'ORQA POT' 'AN4 DIKASTH$
'AKRO$ 'EDOXAZEN 'ANEU 'EPISTHMH$; NU*N DE 'EOIKEN0 'ALLO TI
"EKATERON 'EINAI.
QEAI ^ "O= GE 'EGW, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EIPONTO$ TOU 'AKOUSA$
'EPELELHSMHN, NU*N D' 'ENNOW0; 'EFH DE THN MEN META LOGOU
<P 201D>
'ALHQH DOXAN 'EPISTHMHN 'EINAI, THN DE 'ALOGON 'EKTO$ 'EPISTHMH$;
KAI "WN MEN MH 'ESTI LOGO$, 'OUK 'EPISTHTA 'EINAI, "OUTWSI
KAI 'ONOMAZWN, "A D' 'ECEI0, 'EPISTHTA.
SW ^ 'H* KALW$ LEGEI$. TA DE-DH 'EPISTHTA TAUTA KAI MH
PH*I DIHIREI, LEGE, 'EI 'A=RA KATA 'TAUTA SU TE 'KAGW 'AKHKOAMEN.
QEAI ^ 'ALL' 'OUK 'OIDA 'EI 'EXEURHSW2; LEGONTO$ 'MENTAN4
"ETEROU, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, 'AKOLOUQHSAIM' 'AN4.
SW ^ 'AKOUE DH 'ONAR 'ANTI 'ONEIRATO$. 'EGW GAR 'AU 'EDOKOUN
<P 201E>
'AKOUEIN TINWN "OTI4 TA MEN PRWTA "OIONPEREI STOICEIA, 'EX "WN
"HMEI$ TE SUGKEIMEQA KAI 'TALLA, LOGON 'OUK 'ECOI. 'AUTO GAR
KAQ' "AUTO "EKASTON 'ONOMASAI0 MONON 'EIH20, PROSEIPEIN DE 'OUDEN
'ALLO DUNATON, 'OUQ' "W$ 'ESTIN, 'OUQ' "W$ 'OUK 'ESTIN; 'HDH GAR


<P 202A>
'AN4 'OUSIAN 'H= MH 'OUSIAN 'AUTWI PROSTIQESQAI, DEIN DE 'OUDEN
PROSFEREIN, 'EIPER 'AUTO 'EKEINO MONON TI$ 'EREI2. 'EPEI 'OUDE
TO 'AUTO 'OUDE TO 'EKEINO 'OUDE TO "EKASTON 'OUDE TO
MONON 'OUDE TOUTO PROSOISTEON 'OUD' 'A=LLA POLLA
TOIAUTA; TAUTA MEN-GAR PERITRECONTA PASI PROSFERESQAI,
"E=TERA 'ONTA 'EKEINWN "OI$ PROSTIQETAI, DEIN DE, 'EIPER 'H*N
DUNATON 'AUTO LEGESQAI KAI 'EICEN 'OIKEION "AUTOU LOGON, 'ANEU
TWN 'ALLWN "APANTWN LEGESQAI. NU*N DE 'ADUNATON 'EINAI
<P 202B>
"OTIOUN TWN PRWTWN "RHQHNAI LOGWI; 'OU-GAR 'EINAI20 'AUTWI 'ALL'-'H=
'ONOMAZESQAI MONON % 'ONOMA GAR MONON 'ECEIN % TA DE 'EK
TOUTWN 'HDH SUGKEIMENA, "WSPER 'AUTA PEPLEKTAI, "OUTW KAI
TA 'ONOMATA 'AUTWN SUMPLAKENTA LOGON GEGONENAI; 'ONOMATWN
GAR SUMPLOKHN 'EINAI LOGOU 'OUSIAN. "OUTW DH TA MEN
STOICEIA 'ALOGA KAI 'AGNWSTA 'EINAI, 'AISQHTA DE; TA$ DE
SULLABA$ GNWSTA$ TE-KAI "RHTA$ KAI 'ALHQEI DOXHI DOXASTA$.
"OTAN MEN-'OUN 'ANEU LOGOU THN 'ALHQH DOXAN TINO$ TI$ LABHI6,
<P 202C>
'ALHQEUEIN MEN 'AUTOU4 THN YUCHN PERI= 'AUTO, GIGNWSKEIN D'
'OU=; TON GAR MH DUNAMENON DOUNAI0 TE-KAI DEXASQAI LOGON
'ANEPISTHMONA 'EINAI PERI= TOUTOU; PROSLABONTA DE LOGON
DUNATON TE TAUTA PANTA GEGONENAI KAI TELEIW$ PRO$ 'EPISTHMHN
'ECEIN. "OUTW$ SU TO 'ENUPNION 'H= 'ALLW$ 'AKHKOA$:
QEAI ^ "OUTW MEN-'OUN PANTAPASIN.
SW ^ 'ARESKEI0 'OUN SE KAI TIQESAI TAUTHI, DOXAN 'ALHQH
META LOGOU 'EPISTHMHN 'EINAI:
QEAI ^ KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN.
<P 202D>
SW ^ 'A*R', 'W* QEAITHTE, NU*N "OUTW THIDE THI "HMERA\ 'EILHFAMEN
"O= PALAI KAI POLLOI TWN SOFWN ZHTOUNTE$ PRIN "EUREIN
KATEGHRASAN:
QEAI ^ 'EMOI4 GOUN DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, KALW$ LEGESQAI
TO NU*N "RHQEN.
SW ^ KAI 'EIKO$ GE 'AUTO TOUTO "OUTW$ 'ECEIN; TI=$ GAR 'AN4
KAI 'ETI 'EPISTHMH 'EIH CWRI$ TOU* LOGOU TE-KAI 'ORQH$ DOXH$:
"EN MENTOI TI ME TWN "RHQENTWN5 'APARESKEI0.
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON DH:
SW ^ "O= KAI DOKEI0 LEGESQAI KOMYOTATA, "W$ TA MEN
<P 202E>
STOICEIA 'AGNWSTA, TO DE TWN SULLABWN GENO$ GNWSTON.
QEAI ^ 'OUKOU*N 'ORQW$:
SW ^ 'ISTEON DH; "WSPER GAR "OMHROU$ 'ECOMEN TOU* LOGOU
TA PARADEIGMATA "OI$ CRWMENO$ 'EI*PE PANTA TAUTA.
QEAI ^ POI*A DH:
SW ^ TA TWN GRAMMATWN STOICEIA TE-KAI SULLABA$. 'H= 'OIEI
'ALLOSE POI BLEPONTA TAUTA 'EIPEIN TON 'EIPONTA "A LEGOMEN:
QEAI ^ 'OU=K, 'ALL' 'EI$ TAUTA.


<P 203A>
SW ^ BASANIZWMEN DH 'AUTA 'ANALAMBANONTE$, MALLON DE
"HMA$-'AUTOU$, "OUTW$ 'H= 'OUC "OUTW$ GRAMMATA 'EMAQOMEN. FERE
PRWTON; 'A*R' "AI MEN SULLABAI LOGON 'ECOUSI0, TA DE STOICEIA
'ALOGA:
QEAI ^ 'ISW$.
SW ^ PANU MEN-'OUN-KAI 'EMOI4 FAINETAI. SWKRATOU$ GOUN
'EI TI$ 'EROITO THN PRWTHN SULLABHN "OUTWSI; 'W* QEAITHTE,
LEGE TI= 'ESTI SW: TI= 'APOKRINHI2:
QEAI ^ "OTI4 SIGMA KAI 'W*4.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N TOUTON 'ECEI$ LOGON TH$ SULLABH$:
QEAI ^ 'EGWGE.
<P 203B>
SW ^ 'IQI DH, "OUTW$ 'EIPE= KAI TON TOU* SIGMA LOGON.
QEAI ^ KAI PW*$ TOU* STOICEIOU TI$ 'EREI2 STOICEIA: KAI-GAR-DH,
'W* SWKRATE$, TO TE SIGMA TWN 'AFWNWN 'ESTI, YOFO$
TI$ MONON, "OION SURITTOUSH$ TH$ GLWTTH$; TOU* D' 'AU BHTA
'OUTE FWNH 'OUTE YOFO$, 'OUDE TWN PLEISTWN STOICEIWN. "WSTE
PANU 'EU 'ECEI0 TO LEGESQAI 'AUTA 'ALOGA, "WN GE TA 'ENARGESTATA
'AUTA TA "EPTA FWNHN MONON 'ECEI0, LOGON DE-'OUD' "ONTINOUN.
SW ^ TOUTI MEN-'A=RA, 'W* "ETAIRE, KATWRQWKAMEN PERI=
'EPISTHMH$.
QEAI ^ FAINOMEQA.
<P 203C>
SW ^ TI= DE: TO MH GNWSTON 'EINAI TO STOICEION 'ALLA=
THN SULLABHN 'A*R' 'ORQW$ 'APODEDEIGMEQA:
QEAI ^ 'EIKO$ GE.
SW ^ FERE DH, THN SULLABHN POTERON LEGOMEN TA 'AMFO=TERA
STOICEIA, KAI 'EA=N PLEIW 'HI 'H= DUO, TA PANTA, 'H= MIAN
TINA 'IDEAN GEGONUIAN SUNTEQENTWN5 'AUTWN:
QEAI ^ TA "APANTA 'EMOIGE DOKOUMEN.
SW ^ "ORA DH 'EPI DUOIN, SIGMA KAI 'W*4. 'AMFO=TERA 'ESTIN
"H PRWTH SULLABH TOU* 'EMOU2 'ONOMATO$. 'ALLO TI "O GIGNWSKWN
'AUTHN TA 'AMFO=TERA GIGNWSKEI0:
<P 203D>
QEAI ^ TI= MHN:
SW ^ TO SIGMA KAI TO 'W*4 'A=RA GIGNWSKEI0.
QEAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ TI= D': "EKATERON 'A=R' 'AGNOEI0 KAI 'OUDETERON 'EIDW$
'AMFO=TERA GIGNWSKEI0:
QEAI ^ 'ALLA= DEINON KAI 'ALOGON, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ 'ALLA=-MENTOI 'EI GE 'ANAGKH "EKATERON GIGNWSKEIN,
'EIPER 'AMFO=TERA TI$ GNWSETAI, PROGIGNWSKEIN TA STOICEIA
"APASA 'ANAGKH TW*I MELLONTI POTE GNWSESQAI SULLABHN,
KAI "OUTW$ "HMIN "O KALO$ LOGO$ 'APODEDRAKW$ 'OICHSETAI.
<P 203E>
QEAI ^ KAI MALA GE 'EXAIFNH$.
SW ^ 'OU-GAR KALW$ 'AUTON FULATTOMEN. CRHN GAR 'ISW$
THN SULLABHN TIQESQAI MH TA STOICEIA 'ALL' 'EX 'EKEINWN "EN
TI GEGONO$ 'EIDO$, 'IDEAN MIAN 'AUTO "AUTOU 'ECON, "ETERON DE
TWN STOICEIWN.
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN; KAI TACA G' 'AN4 MALLON "OUTW$ 'H=
'KEINW$ 'ECOI.
SW ^ SKEPTEON KAI 'OU PRODOTEON "OUTW$ 'ANANDRW$ MEGAN
TE-KAI SEMNON LOGON.
QEAI ^ 'OU-GAR-'OUN.


<P 204A>
SW ^ 'ECETW DH "W$ NU*N FAMEN, MIA 'IDEA 'EX "EKASTWN TWN
SUNARMOTTONTWN0 STOICEIWN GIGNOMENH "H SULLABH, "OMOIW$
'EN TE GRAMMASI KAI 'EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$ "APASI.
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N MERH 'AUTH$ 'OU DEI 'EINAI.
QEAI ^ TI= DH:
SW ^ "OTI4 "OU2 'AN4 'HI MERH, TO "OLON 'ANAGKH TA PANTA MERH
'EINAI. 'H=-KAI TO "OLON 'EK TWN MERWN LEGEI$ GEGONO$ "EN TI
'EIDO$ "ETERON TWN PANTWN MERWN:
QEAI ^ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ TO DE-DH PAN KAI TO "OLON POTERON 'TAUTON KALEI$0 'H=
<P 204B>
"ETERON "EKATERON:
QEAI ^ 'ECW0 MEN 'OUDEN SAFE$, "OTI4 DE KELEUEI$ PROQUMW$
'APOKRINASQAI, PARAKINDUNEUWN LEGW0 "OTI4 "ETERON.
SW ^ "H MEN PROQUMIA, 'W* QEAITHTE, 'ORQH; 'EI DE-KAI "H
'APOKRISI$, SKEPTEON.
QEAI ^ DEI GE-DH.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N DIAFEROI 'AN4 TO "OLON TOU* PANTO$, "W$ "O NU*N
LOGO$:
QEAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ TI= DE-DH: TA PANTA KAI TO PAN 'ESQ' "OTI2 DIAFEREI0:
"OION 'EPEIDAN LEGWMEN "EN, DUO, TRIA, TETTARA, PENTE, "EX, KAI
<P 204C>
'EA=N DI$ TRIA 'H= TRI$ DUO 'H= TETTARA TE-KAI DUO 'H= TRIA KAI DUO
KAI "EN, POTERON 'EN PASI TOUTOI$ TO 'AUTO 'H= "ETERON LEGOMEN:
QEAI ^ TO 'AUTO.
SW ^ 'A*R' 'ALLO TI 'H= "EX:
QEAI ^ 'OUDEN.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EF' "EKASTH$ LEXEW$ PANTA "EX 'EIRHKAMEN:
QEAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ PAN D' 'OUDEN LEGOMEN TA PANTA LEGONTE$:
QEAI ^ 'ANAGKH.
SW ^ 'H* 'ALLO TI 'H= TA "EX:
QEAI ^ 'OUDEN.
<P 204D>
SW ^ 'TAUTON 'A=RA 'EN GE TOI$ "OSA 'EX 'ARIQMOU 'ESTI TO TE
PAN PROSAGOREUOMEN KAI TA "APANTA:
QEAI ^ FAINETAI.
SW ^ "WDE DH PERI= 'AUTWN LEGWMEN. "O TOU* PLEQROU
'ARIQMO$ KAI TO PLEQRON 'TAUTON; 'H*-GAR:
QEAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ KAI "O TOU* STADIOU DH "WSAUTW$.
QEAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ KAI-MHN-KAI "O TOU* STRATOPEDOU GE-KAI TO STRATOPEDON,
KAI PANTA TA TOIAUTA "OMOIW$: "O GAR 'ARIQMO$ PA$
TO 'ON PAN "EKASTON 'AUTWN 'ESTIN.
QEAI ^ NAI.
<P 204E>
SW ^ "O DE "EKASTWN 'ARIQMO$ MWN 'ALLO TI 'H= MERH 'ESTIN:
QEAI ^ 'OUDEN.
SW ^ "OSA 'A=RA 'ECEI0 MERH, 'EK MERWN 'AN4 'EIH:
QEAI ^ FAINETAI.
SW ^ TA DE-GE PANTA MERH TO PAN 'EINAI "WMOLOGHTAI,
'EIPER KAI "O PA$ 'ARIQMO$ TO PAN 'ESTAI.
QEAI ^ "OUTW$.
SW ^ TO "OLON 'A=R' 'OUK 'ESTIN 'EK MERWN. PAN GAR 'AN4 'EIH
TA PANTA 'ON MERH.
QEAI ^ 'OUK 'EOIKEN0.
SW ^ MERO$ D' 'ESQ' "OTOU 'ALLOU 'ESTIN "OPER 'ESTIN 'H= TOU*
"OLOU:
QEAI ^ TOU* PANTO$ GE.


<P 205A>
SW ^ 'ANDRIKW$ GE, 'W* QEAITHTE, MACHI0. TO PAN DE 'OUC
"OTAN MHDEN 'APHI, 'AUTO TOUTO PAN 'ESTIN:
QEAI ^ 'ANAGKH.
SW ^ "OLON DE 'OU 'TAUTON TOUTO 'ESTAI, "OU2 'AN4 MHDAMHI
MHDEN 'APOSTATHI5: "OU2 D' 'AN4 'APOSTATHI5, 'OUTE "OLON 'OUTE PAN,
"AMA GENOMENON 'EK TOU* 'AUTOU4 TO 'AUTO:
QEAI ^ DOKEI0 MOI NU*N 'OUDEN DIAFEREIN PAN TE-KAI "OLON.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'ELEGOMEN "OTI4 "OU2 'AN4 MERH 'HI, TO "OLON TE-KAI
PAN TA PANTA MERH 'ESTAI:
QEAI ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ PALIN DH, "OPER 'ARTI 'EPECEIROUN, 'OUK, 'EIPER "H
<P 205B>
SULLABH MH TA STOICEIA 'ESTIN, 'ANAGKH 'AUTHN MH "W$ MERH
'ECEIN "EAUTH$ TA STOICEIA, 'H= 'TAUTON 'OUSAN 'AUTOI$ "OMOIW$
'EKEINOI$ GNWSTHN 'EINAI:
QEAI ^ "OUTW$.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N TOUTO "INA MH GENHTAI, "ETERON 'AUTWN 'AUTHN
'EQEMEQA:
QEAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ TI= D': 'EI MH TA STOICEIA SULLABH$ MERH 'ESTIN,
'ECEI$ 'A=LL'0 'ATTA 'EIPEIN "A MERH MEN 'ESTI SULLABH$, 'OU-MENTOI
STOICEIA G' 'EKEINH$:
QEAI ^ 'OUDAMW$. 'EI GAR, 'W* SWKRATE$, MORI' 'ATT' 'AUTH$
SUGCWROIHN, GELOION POU TA STOICEIA 'AFENTA 'EP' 'A=LLA
'IENAI.
<P 205C>
SW ^ PANTAPASI DH, 'W* QEAITHTE, KATA TON NU*N LOGON
MIA TI$ 'IDEA 'AMERISTO$ SULLABH 'AN4 'EIH.
QEAI ^ 'EOIKEN0.
SW ^ MEMNHSAI 'OUN, 'W* FILE, "OTI4 'OLIGON 'EN TW*I PROSQEN
'APEDECOMEQA "HGOUMENOI 'EU LEGESQAI "OTI4 TWN PRWTWN 'OUK
'EIH LOGO$ 'EX "WN 'TALLA SUGKEITAI, DIOTI 'AUTO KAQ' "AUTO
"EKASTON 'EIH 'ASUNQETON, KAI-'OUDE TO 'EINAI PERI= 'AUTOU4
'ORQW$ 'ECOI PROSFERONTA 'EIPEIN, 'OUDE TOUTO, "W$ "E=TERA
KAI 'ALLO=TRIA LEGOMENA, KAI "AU=TH DH "H 'AITIA 'ALOGON TE-KAI
'AGNWSTON 'AUTO POIOI*:
QEAI ^ MEMNHMAI.
<P 205D>
SW ^ 'H*-'OUN 'ALLH TI$ 'H= "AU=TH "H 'AITIA TOU* MONOEIDE$ TE-KAI
'AMERISTON 'AUTO 'EINAI: 'EGW MEN-GAR 'OUC "ORW0 'ALLHN.
QEAI ^ 'OU-GAR-'OUN-DH FAINETAI.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EI$ 'TAUTON 'EMPEPTWKEN0 "H SULLABH 'EIDO$
'EKEINWI, 'EIPER MERH TE MH 'ECEI0 KAI MIA 'ESTIN 'IDEA:
QEAI ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ 'EI MEN-'A=RA POLLA STOICEIA "H SULLABH 'ESTIN KAI
"OLON TI, MERH D' 'AUTH$ TAUTA, "OMOIW$ "AI TE SULLABAI GNWSTAI
KAI "RHTAI KAI TA STOICEIA, 'EPEIPER TA PANTA MERH TW*I
"OLWI 'TAUTON 'EFANH.
<P 205E>
QEAI ^ KAI MALA.
SW ^ 'EI DE-GE "EN TE-KAI 'AMERE$, "OMOIW$ MEN SULLABH,
"WSAUTW$ DE STOICEION 'ALOGON TE-KAI 'AGNWSTON; "H GAR
'AUTH 'AITIA POIHSEI2 'AUTA TOIAUTA.
QEAI ^ 'OUK 'ECW0 'ALLW$ 'EIPEIN.
SW ^ TOUTO MEN-'A=RA MH 'APODECWMEQA, "O$ 'AN4 LEGHI5 SULLABHN
MEN GNWSTON KAI "RHTON, STOICEION DE 'TOUNANTION.
QEAI ^ MH-GAR, 'EIPER TW*I LOGWI PEIQOMEQA.


<P 206A>
SW ^ TI= D' 'AU: 'TOUNANTION LEGONTO$ 'A*R' 'OU MALLON 'AN4
'APODEXAIO 'EX "WN 'AUTO$ SUNOISQA SAUTWI 'EN THI TWN GRAMMATWN
MAQHSEI:
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON:
SW ^ "W$ 'OUDEN 'ALLO MANQANWN DIETELESA$ 'H= TA STOICEIA
'EN TE THI 'OYEI DIAGIGNWSKEIN PEIRWMENO$ KAI 'EN THI 'AKOHI 'AUTO
KAQ' "AUTO "EKASTON, "INA MH "H QESI$ SE TARATTOI LEGOMENWN
TE-KAI GRAFOMENWN.
QEAI ^ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
SW ^ 'EN DE KIQARISTOU TELEW$ MEMAQHKENAI MWN 'ALLO TI
<P 206B>
'H*N 'H= TO TW*I FQOGGWI "EKASTWI DUNASQAI 'EPAKOLOUQEIN, POI=A$
CORDH$ 'EIH; "A DH STOICEIA PA$ 'AN4 "OMOLOGHSEIE MOUSIKH$
LEGESQAI:
QEAI ^ 'OUDEN 'ALLO.
SW ^ "WN MEN-'A=R' 'AUTOI 'EMPEIROI 'ESMEN STOICEIWN KAI
SULLABWN, 'EI DEI 'APO TOUTWN TEKMAIRESQAI KAI 'EI$ TA 'A=LLA,
POLU TO TWN STOICEIWN GENO$ 'ENARGESTERAN TE THN GNWSIN
'ECEIN FHSOMEN KAI KURIWTERAN TH$ SULLABH$ PRO$ TO LABEIN
TELEW$ "EKASTON MAQHMA, KAI 'EA=N TI$ FHI5 SULLABHN MEN GNWSTON,
'AGNWSTON DE PEFUKENAI STOICEION, "EKONTA 'H= 'AKONTA
PAIZEIN "HGHSOMEQ' 'AUTON.
QEAI ^ KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN.
<P 206C>
SW ^ 'ALLA=-DH TOUTOU MEN 'ETI 'KAN4 'ALLAI FANEIEN 'APODEIXEI$,
"W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0; TO DE PROKEIMENON MH 'EPILAQWMEQA
DI' 'AUTA 'IDEIN, "OTI2 DH POTE KAI LEGETAI TO META DOXH$
'ALHQOU$ LOGON PROSGENOMENON THN TELEWTATHN 'EPISTHMHN
GEGONENAI.
QEAI ^ 'OUKOU*N CRH "ORAN.
SW ^ FERE DH, TI= POTE BOULETAI TON LOGON "HMIN SHMAINEIN:
TRIWN GAR "EN TI MOI DOKEI0 LEGEIN.
QEAI ^ TI=NWN DH:
<P 206D>
SW ^ TO MEN PRWTON 'EIH 'AN4 TO THN "AUTOU DIANOIAN 'EMFANH
POIEIN DIA= FWNH$ META "RHMATWN TE-KAI 'ONOMATWN,
"WSPER 'EI$ KATOPTRON 'H= "UDWR THN DOXAN 'EKTUPOUMENON 'EI$
THN DIA= TOU* STOMATO$ "ROHN. 'H= 'OU DOKEI0 SOI4 TO TOIOUTON
LOGO$ 'EINAI:
QEAI ^ 'EMOIGE. TON GOUN 'AUTO DRWNTA LEGEIN FAMEN.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'AU TOUTO GE PA$ POIEIN DUNATO$ QATTON 'H=
SCOLAITERON, TO 'ENDEIXASQAI TI= DOKEI0 PERI= "EKASTOU 'AUTWI,
"O MH 'ENEO$ 'H= KWFO$ 'AP' 'ARCH$; KAI "OUTW$ "OSOI TI 'ORQON
<P 206E>
DOXAZOUSI0, PANTE$ 'AUTO META LOGOU FANOUNTAI 'ECONTE$, KAI
'OUDAMOU 'ETI 'ORQH DOXA CWRI$ 'EPISTHMH$ GENHSETAI.
QEAI ^ 'ALHQH.
SW ^ MH-TOINUN "RA\DIW$ KATAGIGNWSKWMEN TO MHDEN 'EIRHKENAI
TON 'APOFHNAMENON 'EPISTHMHN "O= NU*N SKOPOUMEN. 'ISW$
GAR "O LEGWN 'OU TOUTO 'ELEGEN, 'ALLA= TO 'ERWTHQENTA TI=
"EKASTON DUNATON 'EINAI THN 'APOKRISIN DIA= TWN STOICEIWN


<P 207A>
'APODOUNAI0 TW*I 'EROMENWI.
QEAI ^ "OION TI= LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW ^ "OION KAI "HSIODO$ PERI= "AMAXH$ LEGEI0 TO "EKATON9
DE9-TE9 DOURAQ'9 "AMAXH$9. "A 'EGW MEN 'OUK 'AN4 DUNAIMHN 'EIPEIN,
'OIMAI DE-'OUDE SU; 'ALL' 'AGAPWIMEN 'AN4 'ERWTHQENTE$ "OTI2 'ESTIN
"AMAXA, 'EI 'ECOIMEN 'EIPEIN TROCOI, 'AXWN, "UPERTERIA, 'ANTUGE$,
ZUGON.
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ "O DE-GE 'ISW$ 'OIOIT' 'AN4 "HMA$, "WSPER 'AN4 TO SON
'ONOMA 'ERWTHQENTA$ KAI 'APOKRINOMENOU$ KATA SULLABHN,
<P 207B>
GELOIOU$ 'EINAI, 'ORQW$ MEN DOXAZONTA$ KAI LEGONTA$ "A LEGOMEN,
'OIOMENOU$ DE GRAMMATIKOU$ 'EINAI KAI 'ECEIN TE-KAI
LEGEIN GRAMMATIKW$ TON TOU* QEAITHTOU 'ONOMATO$ LOGON; TO
D' 'OUK 'EINAI2 'EPISTHMONW$ 'OUDEN LEGEIN, PRIN 'AN4 DIA= TWN
STOICEIWN META TH$ 'ALHQOU$ DOXH$ "EKASTON PERAINHI5 TI$,
"OPER KAI 'EN TOI$ PROSQE POU 'ERRHQH.
QEAI ^ 'ERRHQH GAR.
SW ^ "OUTW TOINUN-KAI PERI= "AMAXH$ "HMA$ MEN 'ORQHN 'ECEIN
DOXAN, TON DE DIA= TWN "EKATON 'EKEINWN DUNAMENON DIELQEIN
<P 207C>
'AUTH$ THN 'OUSIAN, PROSLABONTA TOUTO, LOGON TE PROSEILHFENAI
THI 'ALHQEI DOXHI KAI 'ANTI DOXASTIKOU TECNIKON TE-KAI
'EPISTHMONA PERI= "AMAXH$ 'OUSIA$ GEGONENAI, DIA= STOICEIWN TO
"OLON PERANANTA.
QEAI ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EU DOKEI0 SOI4, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW ^ 'EI SOI4, 'W* "ETAIRE, DOKEI0, KAI 'APODECHI0 THN DIA= STOICEIOU
DIEXODON PERI= "EKASTOU LOGON 'EINAI, THN DE KATA
SULLABA$ 'H=-KAI KATA MEIZON 'ETI 'ALOGIAN, TOUTO MOI LEGE,
<P 207D>
"IN' 'AUTO 'EPISKOPWMEN.
QEAI ^ 'ALLA= PANU 'APODECOMAI.
SW ^ POTERON "HGOUMENO$ 'EPISTHMONA 'EINAI "ONTINOUN
"OTOUOUN, "OTAN TO 'AUTO TOTE= MEN TOU* 'AUTOU4 DOKHI5 'AUTWI 'EINAI,
TOTE= DE "ETEROU, 'H=-KAI "OTAN TOU* 'AUTOU4 TOTE= MEN "ETERON, TOTE=
DE "ETERON DOXAZHI5:
QEAI ^ MA DI=' 'OUK 'EGWGE.
SW ^ 'EITA 'AMNHMONEI$ 'EN THI TWN GRAMMATWN MAQHSEI
KAT' 'ARCA$ SAUTON TE-KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ DRWNTA$ 'AUTA:
QEAI ^ 'A*RA LEGEI$ TH$ 'AUTH$ SULLABH$ TOTE= MEN "ETERON,
<P 207E>
TOTE= DE "ETERON "HGOUMENOU$ GRAMMA, KAI TO 'AUTO TOTE=
MEN 'EI$ THN PROSHKOUSAN, TOTE= DE 'EI$ 'ALLHN TIQENTA$
SULLABHN:
SW ^ TAUTA LEGW0.
QEAI ^ MA DI=' 'OU-TOINUN 'AMNHMONW0, 'OUDE-GE PW
"HGOUMAI 'EPISTASQAI TOU$ "OUTW$ 'ECONTA$.
SW ^ TI= 'OUN: "OTAN 'EN TW*I TOIOUTWI KAIRWI QEAITHTON
GRAFWN TI$ QHTA KAI 'EI*4 'OIHTAI TE DEIN GRAFEIN KAI GRAYHI6,


<P 208A>
KAI 'AU QEODWRON 'EPICEIRWN GRAFEIN TAU KAI 'EI*4 'OIHTAI
TE DEIN GRAFEIN KAI GRAYHI6, 'A*R' 'EPISTASQAI FHSOMEN 'AUTON
THN PRWTHN TWN "UMETERWN 'ONOMATWN SULLABHN:
QEAI ^ 'ALL' 'ARTI "WMOLOGHSAMEN TON "OUTW$ 'ECONTA
MHPW 'EIDENAI.
SW ^ KWLUEI0 'OUN TI KAI PERI= THN DEUTERAN SULLABHN KAI
TRITHN KAI TETARTHN "OUTW$ 'ECEIN TON 'AUTON:
QEAI ^ 'OUDEN GE.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN TO=TE THN DIA= STOICEIOU DIEXODON 'ECWN
GRAYEI2 QEAITHTON META 'ORQH$ DOXH$, "OTAN "EXH$ GRAFHI5:
QEAI ^ DHLON DH.
<P 208B>
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'ETI 'ANEPISTHMWN 'WN, 'ORQA DE DOXAZWN, "W$
FAMEN:
QEAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ LOGON GE 'ECWN META 'ORQH$ DOXH$. THN GAR DIA=
TOU* STOICEIOU "ODON 'ECWN 'EGRAFEN, "HN DH LOGON
"WMOLOGHSAMEN.
QEAI ^ 'ALHQH.
SW ^ 'ESTIN 'A=RA, 'W* "ETAIRE, META LOGOU 'ORQH DOXA, "HN
'OUPW DEI 'EPISTHMHN KALEIN0.
QEAI ^ KINDUNEUEI0.
SW ^ 'ONAR DH, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'EPLOUTHSAMEN 'OIHQENTE$ 'ECEIN
TON 'ALHQESTATON 'EPISTHMH$ LOGON. 'H= MHPW KATHGORWMEN:
<P 208C>
'ISW$ GAR 'OU TOUTO TI$ 'AUTON "ORIEITAI, 'ALLA= TO LOIPON
'EIDO$ TWN TRIWN, "WN "EN GE TI 'EFAMEN LOGON QHSESQAI TON
'EPISTHMHN "ORIZOMENON DOXAN 'EINAI 'ORQHN META LOGOU.
QEAI ^ 'ORQW$ "UPEMNHSA$; 'ETI GAR "EN LOIPON. TO MEN-GAR
'H*N DIANOIA$ 'EN FWNHI "WSPER 'EIDWLON, TO D' 'ARTI LECQEN
DIA= STOICEIOU "ODO$ 'EPI TO "OLON; TO DE-DH TRITON TI= LEGEI$:
SW ^ "OPER 'AN4 "OI POLLOI 'EIPOIEN, TO 'ECEIN TI SHMEION
'EIPEIN "WI TWN "APANTWN DIAFEREI0 TO 'ERWTHQEN.
QEAI ^ "OION TI=NA TI=NO$ 'ECEI$ MOI LOGON 'EIPEIN:
<P 208D>
SW ^ "OION, 'EI BOULEI, "HLIOU PE=RI "IKANON 'OIMAI SOI4 'EINAI
'APODEXASQAI, "OTI4 TO LAMPROTATON 'ESTI TWN KATA TON 'OURANON
'IONTWN0 PERI= GHN.
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ LABE DH "OU2 CARIN 'EIRHTAI. 'ESTI DE "OPER 'ARTI
'ELEGOMEN, "W$ 'A=RA THN DIAFORAN "EKASTOU 'AN2 LAMBANHI$ "HI TWN
'ALLWN DIAFEREI0, LOGON, "W$ FASI0 TINE$, LHYHI2; "EW$ D' 'AN4
KOINOU TINO$ 'EFAPTHI3, 'EKEINWN PE=RI SOI4 'ESTAI "O LOGO$ "WN 'AN4
"H KOINOTH$ 'HI.
<P 208E>
QEAI ^ MANQANW0; KAI MOI DOKEI0 KALW$ 'ECEIN LOGON TO
TOIOUTON KALEIN0.
SW ^ "O$ D' 'AN4 MET' 'ORQH$ DOXH$ PERI= "OTOUOUN TWN 'ONTWN0
THN DIAFORAN TWN 'ALLWN PROSLABHI6, 'AUTOU4 'EPISTHMWN GEGONW$
'ESTAI "OU2 PROTERON 'H*N DOXASTH$.
QEAI ^ FAMEN GE-MHN "OUTW.
SW ^ NU*N DHTA, 'W* QEAITHTE, PANTAPASIN 'EGWGE, 'EPEIDH
'EGGU$ "WSPER SKIAGRAFHMATO$ GEGONA TOU* LEGOMENOU, SUNIHMI
'OUDE SMIKRON; "EW$ DE 'AFEISTHKH PORRWQEN, 'EFAINETO TI MOI
LEGESQAI.
QEAI ^ PW*$ TI= TOUTO:


<P 209A>
SW ^ FRASW2, 'EA=N "OIO$-TE-GENWMAI. 'ORQHN 'EGWGE 'ECWN
DOXAN PERI= SOU4, 'EA=N MEN PROSLABW TON SON LOGON, GIGNWSKW0
DH SE, 'EI DE MH, DOXAZW0 MONON.
QEAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ LOGO$ DE-GE 'H*N "H TH$ SH$ DIAFOROTHTO$ "ERMHNEIA.
QEAI ^ "OUTW$.
SW ^ "HNIK' 'OUN 'EDOXAZON MONON, 'ALLO TI "WI TWN 'ALLWN
DIAFEREI$, TOUTWN 'OUDENO$ "HPTOMHN THI DIANOIA\:
QEAI ^ 'OUK 'EOIKE0.
SW ^ TWN KOINWN TI 'A=RA DIENOOUMHN, "WN 'OUDEN SU MALLON
'H= TI$ 'ALLO$ 'ECEI0.
<P 209B>
QEAI ^ 'ANAGKH.
SW ^ FERE DH PRO$ DIO$; PW*$ POTE 'EN TW*I TOIOUTWI SE
MALLON 'EDOXAZON 'H= 'ALLON "ONTINOUN: QE$ GAR ME DIANOOUMENON
"W$ 'ESTIN "OUTO$ QEAITHTO$, "O$ 'AN4 'HI TE 'ANQRWPO$ KAI 'ECHI5
"RINA KAI 'OFQALMOU$ KAI STOMA KAI "OUTW DH "EN "EKASTON TWN
MELWN. "AU=TH 'OUN "H DIANOIA 'ESQ' "OTI2 MALLON POIHSEI2 ME
QEAITHTON 'H= QEODWRON DIANOEISQAI, 'H= TWN LEGOMENWN
MUSWN TON 'ESCATON:
QEAI ^ TI= GAR:
SW ^ 'ALL' 'EA=N DH MH MONON TON 'ECONTA "RINA KAI 'OFQALMOU$
<P 209C>
DIANOHQW, 'ALLA=-KAI TON SIMON TE-KAI 'EXOFQALMON, MH
TI SE 'AU MALLON DOXASW2 'H= 'EMAUTON 'H= "OSOI TOIOUTOI:
QEAI ^ 'OUDEN.
SW ^ 'ALL' 'OU PROTERON GE, 'OIMAI, QEAITHTO$ 'EN 'EMOI4
DOXASQHSETAI, PRIN 'AN4 "H SIMOTH$ "AU=TH TWN 'ALLWN SIMOTHTWN
"WN 'EGW "EWRAKA DIAFORON TI MNHMEION PAR' 'EMOI4 'ENSHMHNAMENH
KATAQHTAI % KAI 'TALLA "OUTW 'EX "WN 'EI* SU % "H= ME, KAI
'EA=N 'AURION 'APANTHSW4, 'ANAMNHSEI2 KAI POIHSEI2 'ORQA DOXAZEIN
PERI= SOU4.
QEAI ^ 'ALHQESTATA.
<P 209D>
SW ^ PERI= THN DIAFOROTHTA 'A=RA-KAI "H 'ORQH DOXA 'AN4 'EIH
"EKASTOU PE=RI.
QEAI ^ FAINETAI GE.
SW ^ TO 'OUN PROSLABEIN LOGON THI 'ORQHI DOXHI TI= 'AN4 'ETI
'EIH: 'EI MEN-GAR PROSDOXASAI0 LEGEI0 "HI DIAFEREI0 TI TWN
'ALLWN, PANU GELOI=A GIGNETAI "H 'EPITAXI$.
QEAI ^ PW*$:
SW ^ "WN 'ORQHN DOXAN 'ECOMEN "HI TWN 'ALLWN DIAFEREI0,
TOUTWN PROSLABEIN KELEUEI0 "HMA$ 'ORQHN DOXAN "HI TWN 'ALLWN
DIAFEREI0. KAI "OUTW$ "H MEN SKUTALH$ 'H= "UPEROU 'H= "OTOU DH
<P 209E>
LEGETAI PERITROPH PRO$ TAUTHN THN 'EPITAXIN 'OUDEN 'AN4 LEGOI,
TUFLOU DE PARAKELEUSI$ 'AN4 KALOITO0 DIKAIOTERON; TO GAR,
"A 'ECOMEN, TAUTA PROSLABEIN KELEUEIN, "INA MAQWMEN "A
DOXAZOMEN, PANU GENNAIW$ 'EOIKEN0 'ESKOTWMENWI.
QEAI ^ 'EIPE= DH TI= NUNDH "W$ 'ERWN2 'EPUQOU:
SW ^ 'EI TO LOGON, 'W* PAI, PROSLABEIN GNWNAI0 KELEUEI0,
'ALLA= MH DOXASAI0 THN DIAFOROTHTA, "HDU CRHM' 'AN4 'EIH TOU*
KALLISTOU TWN PERI= 'EPISTHMH$ LOGOU. TO GAR GNWNAI0


<P 210A>
'EPISTHMHN POU LABEIN 'ESTIN; 'H*-GAR:
QEAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'ERWTHQEI$, "W$ 'EOIKE0, TI= 'ESTIN 'EPISTHMH,
'APOKRINEITAI "OTI4 DOXA 'ORQH META 'EPISTHMH$ DIAFOROTHTO$.
LOGOU GAR PROSLHYI$ TOUT' 'AN4 'EIH KAT' 'EKEINON.
QEAI ^ 'EOIKEN0.
SW ^ KAI PANTAPASI GE 'EUHQE$, ZHTOUNTWN0 "HMWN 'EPISTHMHN,
DOXAN FANAI0 'ORQHN 'EINAI MET' 'EPISTHMH$ 'EI=TE DIAFOROTHTO$
'EI=TE "OTOUOUN. 'OUTE-'A=RA 'AISQHSI$, 'W* QEAITHTE, 'OUTE
<P 210B>
DOXA 'ALHQH$ 'OUTE MET' 'ALHQOU$ DOXH$ LOGO$ PROSGIGNOMENO$
'EPISTHMH 'AN4 'EIH.
QEAI ^ 'OUK 'EOIKEN0.
SW ^ 'H*-'OUN 'ETI KUOUMEN TI KAI 'WDINOMEN, 'W* FILE, PERI=
'EPISTHMH$, 'H= PANTA 'EKTETOKAMEN:
QEAI ^ KAI NAI MA DI=' 'EGWGE PLEIW 'H= "OSA 'EICON 'EN
'EMAUTWI DIA= SE 'EIRHKA.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N TAUTA MEN PANTA "H MAIEUTIKH "HMIN TECNH
'ANEMIAI*A FHSI GEGENHSQAI KAI 'OUK 'A=XIA TROFH$:
QEAI ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ 'EA=N TOINUN 'ALLWN META TAUTA 'EGKUMWN 'EPICEIRHI$
<P 210C>
GIGNESQAI, 'W* QEAITHTE, 'EANTE GIGNHI3, BELTIONWN 'ESHI2 PLHRH$
DIA= THN NU*N 'EXETASIN, 'EANTE KENO$ 'HI$, "HTTON 'ESHI2 BARU$ TOI$
SUNOUSI KAI "HMERWTERO$ SWFRONW$ 'OUK 'OIOMENO$ 'EIDENAI "A
MH 'OISQA. TOSOUTON GAR MONON "H 'EMH TECNH DUNATAI, PLEON
DE 'OUDEN, 'OUDE TI 'OIDA "WN "OI 'ALLOI, "OSOI MEGALOI KAI QAUMASIOI
'ANDRE$ 'EISI TE-KAI GEGONASIN; THN DE MAIEIAN TAUTHN
'EGW TE-KAI "H MHTHR 'EK QEOU 'ELACOMEN, "H MEN TWN GUNAIKWN,
<P 210D>
'EGW DE TWN NEWN TE-KAI GENNAIWN KAI "OSOI KALOI. NU*N MEN-'OUN
'APANTHTEON MOI 'EI$ THN TOU* BASILEW$ STOAN 'EPI THN
MELHTOU GRAFHN "HN ME GEGRAPTAI; "EWQEN DE, 'W* QEODWRE,
DEURO PALIN 'APANTWMEN2.


<B FAIDR>


<P 227A>
SW ^ 'W* FILE FAIDRE, POI* DH-KAI PO=QEN:
FAI ^ PARA LUSIOU, 'W* SWKRATE$, TOU* KEFALOU, POREUOMAI
DE PRO$ PERIPATON 'EXW TEICOU$; SUCNON GAR 'EKEI
DIETRIYA CRONON KAQHMENO$ 'EX "EWQINOU. TW*I DE SWI KAI
'EMWI "ETAIRWI PEIQOMENO$ 'AKOUMENWI KATA TA$ "ODOU$ POIOUMAI
TOU$ PERIPATOU$; FHSI GAR 'AKOPWTEROU$ 'EINAI TWN 'EN TOI$
<P 227B>
DROMOI$.
SW ^ KALW$ GAR, 'W* "ETAIRE, LEGEI0. 'ATAR LUSIA$ 'H*N, "W$
'EOIKEN0, 'EN 'ASTEI.
FAI ^ NAI, PAR' 'EPIKRATEI, 'EN THIDE THI PLHSION TOU*
'OLUMPIOU 'OIKIA\ THI MORUCIA\.
SW ^ TI=$ 'OUN-DH 'H*N "H DIATRIBH: 'H= DHLON "OTI4 TWN LOGWN
"UMA$ LUSIA$ "EISTIA:
FAI ^ PEUSHI2, 'EI SOI4 SCOLH PROIONTI 'AKOUEIN.
SW ^ TI= DE: 'OUK 'AN4 'OIEI ME KATA PINDARON KAI9 'ASCOLIA$9
"UPERTERON9 PRAGMA9 POIHSASQAI TO TEHN1 TE-KAI
LUSIOU DIATRIBHN 'AKOUSAI0:
<P 227C>
FAI ^ PROAGE DH.
SW ^ LEGOI$ 'AN4.
FAI ^ KAI-MHN, 'W* SWKRATE$, PROSHKOUSA GE SOI4 "H 'AKOH;
"O GAR-TOI LOGO$ 'H*N, PERI= "ON DIETRIBOMEN, 'OUK 'OID' "ONTINA
TROPON 'ERWTIKO$. GEGRAFE0 GAR-DH "O LUSIA$ PEIRWMENON
TINA TWN KALWN, 'OUC "UP' 'ERASTOU DE, 'ALL' 'AUTO DH TOUTO
KAI KEKOMYEUTAI; LEGEI0 GAR "W$ CARISTEON MH 'ERWNTI MALLON
'H= 'ERWNTI.
SW ^ 'W= GENNAIO$. 'EIQE GRAYEIEN "W$ CRH PENHTI MALLON
'H= PLOUSIWI, KAI PRESBUTERWI 'H= NEWTERWI, KAI "OSA 'A=LLA
<P 227D>
'EMOI4 TE PROSESTI KAI TOI$ POLLOI$ "HMWN; 'H*-GAR 'AN4 'ASTEIOI
KAI DHMWFELEI$ 'EIEN "OI LOGOI. 'EGWG' 'OUN "OUTW$ 'EPITEQUMHKA
'AKOUSAI0, "WST' 'EA=N BADIZWN POIHI3 TON PERIPATON MEGARADE
KAI KATA "HRODIKON PROSBA$ TW*I TEICEI PALIN 'APIHI$,
'OU MH SOU4 'APOLEIFQW.
FAI ^ PW*$ LEGEI$, 'W* BELTISTE SWKRATE$: 'OIEI ME, "A


<P 228A>
LUSIA$ 'EN POLLWI CRONWI KATA SCOLHN SUNEQHKE, DEINOTATO$
'WN TWN NU*N GRAFEIN, TAUTA 'IDIWTHN 'ONTA 'APOMNHMONEUSEIN
'AXIW$ 'EKEINOU: POLLOU GE DEW0. KAITOI 'EBOULOMHN G' 'AN4
MALLON 'H= MOI POLU CRUSION GENESQAI.
SW ^ 'W* FAIDRE, 'EI EGW FAIDRON 'AGNOW0, KAI 'EMAUTOU
'EPILELHSMAI. 'ALLA=-GAR 'OUDE=TERA 'ESTI TOUTWN; 'EU 'OIDA "OTI4
LUSIOU LOGON 'AKOUWN 'EKEINO$ 'OU MONON "APAX 'HKOUSEN, 'ALLA=
POLLAKI$ 'EPANALAMBANWN 'EKELEUEN "OI2 LEGEIN, "O DE 'EPEIQETO
<P 228B>
PROQUMW$. TW*I DE-'OUDE TAUTA 'H*N "IKANA, 'ALLA= TELEUTWN
PARALABWN TO BIBLION "A MALISTA 'EPEQUMEI 'EPESKOPEI, KAI
TOUTO DRWN 'EX "EWQINOU KAQHMENO$ 'APEIPWN 'EI$ PERIPATON
'HIEI, "W$ MEN 'EGW 'OIMAI, NH TON KUNA, 'EXEPISTAMENO$ TON
LOGON, 'EI MH PANU TI 'H*N MAKRO$. 'EPOREUETO D' 'EKTO$ TEICOU$
"INA MELETWIH. 'APANTHSA$ DE TW*I NOSOUNTI PERI= LOGWN
'AKOHN, 'IDWN MEN, 'IDWN, "HSQH "OTI4 "EXOI TON SUGKORUBANTIWNTA,
<P 228C>
KAI PROAGEIN 'EKELEUE. DEOMENOU DE LEGEIN TOU* TWN LOGWN
'ERASTOU, 'EQRUPTETO "W$ DH 'OUK 'EPIQUMWN LEGEIN; TELEUTWN
DE 'EMELLE KAI 'EI MH TI$ "EKWN 'AKOUOI BIA\ 'EREIN2. SU 'OUN,
'W* FAIDRE, 'AUTOU4 DEHQHTI "OPER TACA PANTW$ POIHSEI2 NU*N 'HDH
POIEIN.
FAI ^ 'EMOI4 "W$ 'ALHQW$ POLU KRATISTON 'ESTIN "OUTW$
"OPW$ DUNAMAI LEGEIN, "W$ MOI DOKEI$ SU 'OUDAMW$ ME 'AFHSEIN
PRIN 'AN4 'EIPW "AMW$ GE PW$.
SW ^ PANU GAR SOI4 'ALHQH DOKW0.
<P 228D>
FAI ^ "OUTWSI TOINUN POIHSW2. TW*I-'ONTI GAR, 'W* SWKRATE$,
PANTO$ MALLON TA GE "RHMATA 'OUK 'EXEMAQON; THN
MENTOI DIANOIAN SCEDON "APANTWN, "OI$ 'EFH DIAFEREIN TA TOU*
'ERWNTO$ 'H= TA TOU* MH, 'EN KEFALAIOI$ "EKASTON 'EFEXH$ DIEIMI,
'ARXAMENO$ 'APO TOU* PRWTOU.
SW ^ DEIXA$ GE PRWTON, 'W* FILOTH$, TI= 'A=RA 'EN THI 'ARISTERA*I
'ECEI$ "UPO TW*I "IMATIWI; TOPAZW0 GAR SE 'ECEIN TON LOGON
'AUTON. 'EI DE TOUTO 'ESTIN, "OUTWSI DIANOOU PERI= 'EMOU4, "W$
<P 228E>
'EGW SE PANU MEN FILW0, PARONTO$ DE-KAI LUSIOU, 'EMAUTON SOI4
'EMMELETAN PARECEIN 'OU PANU DEDOKTAI. 'ALL' 'IQI, DEIKNUE.
FAI ^ PAUE. 'EKKEKROUKA$ ME 'ELPIDO$, 'W* SWKRATE$, "HN
'EICON 'EN SOI4 "W$ 'EGGUMNASOMENO$. 'ALLA= POU* DH BOULEI
KAQIZOMENOI 'ANAGNWMEN:


<P 229A>
SW ^ DEUR' 'EKTRAPOMENOI KATA TON 'ILISON 'IWMEN, 'EITA
"OPOU 'AN4 DOXHI6 'EN "HSUCIA\ KAQIZHSOMEQA.
FAI ^ 'EI$ KAIRON, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'ANUPODHTO$ 'WN 'ETUCON; SU
MEN-GAR-DH 'AEI. "RA*ISTON 'OUN "HMIN KATA TO "UDATION BRECOUSI4
TOU$ PODA$ 'IENAI, KAI 'OUK 'AHDE$, 'ALLW$ TE KAI THNDE THN
"WRAN TOU* 'ETOU$ TE-KAI TH$ "HMERA$.
SW ^ PROAGE DH, KAI SKOPEI5 "AMA "OPOU KAQIZHSOMEQA.
FAI ^ "ORA*I$ 'OUN 'EKEINHN THN "UYHLOTATHN PLATANON:
SW ^ TI= MHN:
<P 229B>
FAI ^ 'EKEI SKIA T' 'ESTIN KAI PNEUMA METRION, KAI POA
KAQIZESQAI 'H= 'AN2 BOULWMEQA KATAKLINHNAI.
SW ^ PROAGOI$ 'AN4.
FAI ^ 'EIPE= MOI, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUK 'ENQENDE MENTOI POQEN
'APO TOU* 'ILISOU LEGETAI "O BOREA$ THN 'WREIQUIAN "ARPASAI0:
SW ^ LEGETAI GAR.
FAI ^ 'A*R'-'OUN 'ENQENDE: CARIENTA GOUN-KAI KAQARA KAI
DIAFANH TA "UDATIA FAINETAI, KAI 'EPITH=DEIA KORAI$ PAIZEIN
PAR' 'AUTA.
<P 229C>
SW ^ 'OU=K, 'ALLA= KATWQEN "OSON DU' 'H= TRIA STADIA, "HI
PRO$ TO 'EN 'AGRA$ DIABAINOMEN; KAI-POU TI$ 'ESTI BWMO$
'AUTOQI BOREOU.
FAI ^ 'OU PANU NENOHKA; 'ALL' 'EIPE= PRO$ DIO$, 'W* SWKRATE$,
SU TOUTO TO MUQOLOGHMA PEIQHI0 'ALHQE$ 'EINAI:
SW ^ 'ALL' 'EI 'APISTOIHN, "WSPER "OI SOFOI, 'OUK 'AN4 'ATOPO$
'EIHN, 'EITA SOFIZOMENO$ FAIHN 'AUTHN PNEUMA BOREOU KATA
TWN PLHSION PETRWN SUN FARMAKEIA\ PAIZOUSAN 'WSAI0, KAI
"OUTW DH TELEUTHSASAN LECQHNAI "UPO TOU* BOREOU 'ANARPASTON
<P 229D>
GEGONENAI % 'H= 'EX 'AREIOU PAGOU; LEGETAI GAR 'AU KAI "OUTO$
"O LOGO$, "W$ 'EKEIQEN 'ALL' 'OUK 'ENQENDE "HRPASQH. 'EGW DE,
'W* FAIDRE, 'ALLW$ MEN TA TOIAUTA CARIENTA "HGOUMAI, LIAN DE
DEINOU KAI 'EPIPONOU KAI 'OU PANU 'EUTUCOU$ 'ANDRO$, KAT' 'ALLO
MEN 'OUDEN, "OTI4 D' 'AUTWI 'ANAGKH META TOUTO TO TWN "IPPOKENTAURWN
'EIDO$ 'EPANORQOUSQAI, KAI 'AUQI$ TO TH$ CIMAIRA$, KAI
'EPIRREI0 DE 'OCLO$ TOIOUTWN GORGONWN KAI PHGASWN KAI
<P 229E>
'ALLWN 'AMHCANWN PLHQH TE-KAI 'ATOPIAI TERATOLOGWN TINWN
FUSEWN; "AI$ 'EI TI$ 'APISTWN PROSBIBA*I0 KATA TO 'EIKO$ "EKASTON,
"ATE 'AGROIKWI TINI SOFIA\ CRWMENO$, POLLH$ 'AUTWI SCOLH$
DEHSEI2. 'EMOI4 DE PRO$ 'AUTA 'OUDAMW$ 'ESTI SCOLH; TO DE
'AITION, 'W* FILE, TOUTOU TODE. 'OU DUNAMAI PW KATA TO DELFIKON
GRAMMA GNWNAI0 'EMAUTON; GELOION DH MOI FAINETAI


<P 230A>
TOUTO 'ETI 'AGNOOUNTA TA 'ALLO=TRIA SKOPEIN. "OQEN DH CAIREIN
'EASA$ TAUTA, PEIQOMENO$ DE TW*I NOMIZOMENWI PERI= 'AUTWN, "O=
NUNDH 'ELEGON, SKOPW0 'OU TAUTA 'ALL' 'EMAUTON, 'EI=TE TI QHRION
'ON TUGCANW0 TUFWNO$ POLUPLOKWTERON KAI MALLON 'EPITEQUMMENON,
'EI=TE "HMERWTERON TE-KAI "APLOUSTERON ZWION, QEIA$ TINO$
KAI 'ATUFOU MOIRA$ FUSEI METECON. 'ATAR, 'W* "ETAIRE, METAXU
TWN LOGWN, 'A*R' 'OU TODE 'H*N TO DENDRON 'EF' "OPER 'HGE$ "HMA$:
<P 230B>
FAI ^ TOUTO MEN-'OUN 'AUTO.
SW ^ NH THN "HRAN, KALH GE "H KATAGWGH. "H TE-GAR
PLATANO$ "AU=TH MAL' 'AMFILAFH$ TE-KAI "UYHLH, TOU* TE 'AGNOU
TO "UYO$ KAI TO SUSKION PAGKALON, KAI "W$ 'AKMHN 'ECEI0 TH$
'ANQH$, "W$ 'AN4 'EUWDESTATON PARECOI TON TOPON; "H TE 'AU
PHGH CARIESTATH "UPO TH$ PLATANOU "REI0 MALA YUCROU "UDATO$,
"WSTE GE TW*I PODI TEKMHRASQAI. NUMFWN TE TINWN KAI 'ACELWIOU
"IERON 'APO TWN KORWN TE-KAI 'AGALMATWN 'EOIKEN0 'EINAI.
<P 230C>
'EI D' 'AU BOULEI, TO 'EUPNOUN TOU* TOPOU "W$ 'AGAPHTON KAI
SFO=DRA "HDU; QERINON TE-KAI LIGURON "UPHCEI0 TW*I TWN TETTIGWN
CORWI. PANTWN DE KOMYOTATON TO TH$ POA$, "OTI4 'EN 'HREMA
PROSANTEI "IKANH PEFUKE0 KATAKLINENTI THN KEFALHN PAGKALW$
'ECEIN. "WSTE 'ARISTA SOI4 'EXENAGHTAI, 'W* FILE FAIDRE.
FAI ^ SU DE-GE, 'W* QAUMASIE, 'ATOPWTATO$ TI$ FAINHI0.
'ATECNW$ GAR, "O= LEGEI$, XENAGOUMENWI TINI KAI 'OUK 'EPICWRIWI
<P 230D>
'EOIKA$; "OUTW$ 'EK TOU* 'ASTEO$ 'OUT' 'EI$ THN "UPERORIAN 'APODHMEI$,
'OUT' 'EXW TEICOU$ 'EMOIGE DOKEI$ TO PARAPAN 'EXIENAI.
SW ^ SUGGIGNWSKE MOI, 'W* 'ARISTE. FILOMAQH$ GAR 'EIMI;
TA MEN-'OUN CWRIA KAI TA DENDRA 'OUDEN M' 'EQELEI0 DIDASKEIN,
"OI D' 'EN TW*I 'ASTEI 'ANQRWPOI. SU MENTOI DOKEI$ MOI TH$
'EMH$ 'EXODOU TO FARMAKON "HURHKENAI. "WSPER GAR "OI TA
PEINWNTA QREMMATA QALLON 'H= TINA KARPON PROSEIONTE$
'AGOUSIN0, SU 'EMOI4 LOGOU$ "OUTW PROTEINWN 'EN BIBLIOI$ THN TE
<P 230E>
'ATTIKHN FAINHI0 PERIAXEIN "APASAN KAI "OPOI 'AN4 'ALLOSE BOULHI3.
NU*N D'-'OUN 'EN TW*I PARONTI DEUR' 'AFIKOMENO$ 'EGW MEN MOI
DOKW0 KATAKEISESQAI, SU D' 'EN "OPOIWI SCHMATI 'OIEI "RA*ISTA
'ANAGNWSESQAI, TOUQ' "ELOMENO$ 'ANAGIGNWSKE.
FAI ^ 'AKOUE DH.
PERI=99 MEN99 TWN99 'EMWN99 PRAGMATWN99 'EPISTASAI99, KAI99 "W$99 NOMIZW990
SUMFEREIN99 "HMIN99 GENOMENWN99 TOUTWN99 'AKHKOA$99; 'AXIW990 DE99 MH99 DIA=99


<P 231A>
TOUTO99 'ATUCHSAI990 "WN99 DEOMAI99, "OTI994 'OUK99 'ERASTH$99 'WN99 SOU994 TUGCANW990.
"W$99 'EKEINOI$99 MEN99 TO=TE99 METAMELEI990 "WN99 'AN994 'EU99 POIHSWSIN99,
'EPEIDAN99 TH$99 'EPIQUMIA$99 PAUSWNTAI99; TOI$99 DE99 'OUK99 'ESTI99 CRONO$99
'EN99 "WI99 METAGNWNAI990 PROSHKEI990. 'OU99-GAR99 "UP'99 'ANAGKH$99 'ALL'99
"EKONTE$99, "W$99 'AN994 'ARISTA99 PERI=99 TWN99 'OIKEIWN99 BOULEUSAINTO99, PRO$99
THN99 DUNAMIN99 THN99 "AUTWN99 'EU99 POIOUSIN990. 'ETI99 DE99 "OI99 MEN99 'ERWNTE$99
SKOPOUSIN990 "A99 TE99 KAKW$99 DIEQENTO99 TWN99 "AUTWN99 DIA=99 TON99 'ERWTA99
KAI99 "A99 PEPOIHKASIN99 'EU99, KAI99 "ON99 'EICON99 PONON99 PROSTIQENTE$99
<P 231B>
"HGOUNTAI99 PALAI99 THN99 'AXIAN99 'APODEDWKENAI99 CARIN99 TOI$99 'ERWMENOI$99;
TOI$99 DE99 MH99 'ERWSIN994 'OUTE99 THN99 TWN99 'OIKEIWN99 'AMELEIAN99
DIA=99 TOUTO99 'ESTIN992 PROFASIZESQAI99, 'OUTE99 TOU$99 PARELHLUQOTA$99
PONOU$99 "UPOLOGIZESQAI99, 'OUTE99 TA$99 PRO$99 TOU$99 PROSHKONTA$99
DIAFORA$99 'AITIASASQAI99; "WSTE99 PERIHIRHMENWN99 TOSOUTWN99 KAKWN99
'OUDEN99 "UPOLEIPETAI99 'ALL'99-'H=99 POIEIN99 PROQUMW$99 "OTI992 'AN994 'AUTOI$99
'OIWNTAI99 PRAXANTE$99 CARIEISQAI99. 'ETI99 DE99 'EI99 DIA=99 TOUTO99 'AXION99
<P 231C>
TOU$99 'ERWNTA$99 PERI=99 POLLOU99 POIEISQAI99, "OTI994 TOUTOU$99 MALISTA99
FASIN990 FILEIN99 "WN99 'AN994 'ERWSIN993, KAI99 "ETOIMOI99 'EISI99 KAI99 'EK99 TWN99 LOGWN99
KAI99 'EK99 TWN99 'ERGWN99 TOI$99 'ALLOI$99 'APECQANOMENOI99 TOI$99 'ERWMENOI$99
CARIZESQAI99, "RA\DION99 GNWNAI990, 'EI99 'ALHQH99 LEGOUSIN990, "OTI994 "OSWN99 'AN994
"USTERON99 'ERASQWSIN99, 'EKEINOU$99 'AUTWN99 PERI=99 PLEIONO$99 POIHSONTAI99,
KAI99 DHLON99 "OTI994, 'EA=N99 'EKEINOI$99 DOKHI995, KAI99 TOUTOU$99 KAKW$99 POIHSOUSIN992.
KAITOI99 PW*$99 'EIKO$99 'ESTI99 TOIOUTON99 PRAGMA99 PROESQAI99
<P 231D>
TOIAUTHN99 'ECONTI99 SUMFORAN99, "HN99 'OUD'99 'AN994 'EPICEIRHSEIEN99 'OUDEI$99
'EMPEIRO$99 'WN99 'APOTREPEIN99: KAI99-GAR99 'AUTOI99 "OMOLOGOUSI990 NOSEIN99
MALLON99 'H=99 SWFRONEIN99, KAI99 'EIDENAI99 "OTI994 KAKW$99 FRONOUSIN990, 'ALL'99
'OU99 DUNASQAI99 "AUTWN99 KRATEIN99; "WSTE99 PW*$99 'AN994 'EU99 FRONHSANTE$99
TAUTA99 KALW$99 'ECEIN99 "HGHSAINTO99 PERI=99 "WN99 "OUTW99 DIAKEIMENOI99
BOULEUONTAI99: KAI99-MEN99-DH99 'EI99 MEN99 'EK99 TWN99 'ERWNTWN990 TON99 BELTISTON99
"AIROIO99, 'EX99 'OLIGWN99 'AN994 SOI994 "H99 'EKLEXI$99 'EIH99; 'EI99 D'99 'EK99 TWN99
'ALLWN99 TON99 SAUTWI99 'EPITHDEIOTATON99, 'EK99 POLLWN99; "WSTE99 POLU99
<P 231E>
PLEIWN99 'ELPI$99 'EN99 TOI$99 POLLOI$99 'ONTA99 TUCEIN99 TON99 'AXION99 TH$99 SH$99
FILIA$99.
'EI99 TOINUN99 TON99 NOMON99 TON99 KAQESTHKOTA99 DEDOIKA$99, MH99
PUQOMENWN99 TWN99 'ANQRWPWN99 'ONEIDO$99 SOI994 GENHTAI99, 'EIKO$99 'ESTI99


<P 232A>
TOU$99 MEN99 'ERWNTA$99, "OUTW$99 'AN994 'OIOMENOU$99 KAI99 "UPO99 TWN99 'ALLWN99
ZHLOUSQAI99 "WSPER99 'AUTOU$99 "UF'99 "AUTWN99, 'EPARQHNAI99 TW*I99 LEGEIN99
KAI99 FILOTIMOUMENOU$99 'EPIDEIKNUSQAI99 PRO$99 "APANTA$99 "OTI994 'OUK99
'ALLW$99 'AUTOI$99 PEPONHTAI99; TOU$99 DE99 MH99 'ERWNTA$99, KREITTOU$99
"AUTWN99 'ONTA$99, TO99 BELTISTON99 'ANTI99 TH$99 DOXH$99 TH$99 PARA99 TWN99
'ANQRWPWN99 "AIREISQAI99. 'ETI99 DE99 TOU$99 MEN99 'ERWNTA$99 POLLOU$99
'ANAGKH99 PUQESQAI99 KAI99 'IDEIN99 'AKOLOUQOUNTA$99 TOI$99 'ERWMENOI$99
KAI99 'ERGON99 TOUTO99 POIOUMENOU$99, "WSTE99 "OTAN99 'OFQWSI99 DIALEGOMENOI99
<P 232B>
'ALLHLOI$99, TO=TE99 'AUTOU$99 'OIONTAI99 'H=99 GEGENHMENH$99 'H=99 MELLOUSH$99
'ESESQAI99 TH$99 'EPIQUMIA$99 SUNEINAI99; TOU$99 DE99 MH99 'ERWNTA$99
'OUD'99 'AITIASQAI99 DIA=99 THN99 SUNOUSIAN99 'EPICEIROUSIN990, 'EIDOTE$99 "OTI994
'ANAGKAION99 'ESTIN99 'H=99 DIA=99 FILIAN99 TWI99 DIALEGESQAI99 'H=99 DI'99 'ALLHN99
TINA99 "HDONHN99. KAI99-MEN99-DH99 'EI99 SOI994 DEO$99 PARESTHKEN990 "HGOUMENWI99
CALEPON99 'EINAI99 FILIAN99 SUMMENEIN990, KAI99 'ALLWI99 MEN99 TROPWI99 DIAFORA$99
GENOMENH$99 KOINHN99 'AN9974 'AMFOTEROI$99 KATASTHNAI990 THN99
<P 232C>
SUMFORAN99, PROEMENOU99 DE99 SOU994 "A99 PERI=99 PLEISTOU99 POIHI990 MEGALHN99
'AN994 SOI994 BLABHN99 'AN994 GENESQAI99, 'EIKOTW$99 'AN994 TOU$99 'ERWNTA$99 MALLON99
'AN994 FOBOIO99; POLLA99 GAR99 'AUTOU$99 'ESTI99 TA99 LUPOUNTA99, KAI99
PANT'99 'EPI99 THI99 "AUTWN99 BLABHI99 NOMIZOUSI990 GIGNESQAI99. DIOPER99
KAI99 TA$99 PRO$99 TOU$99 'ALLOU$99 TWN99 'ERWMENWN99 SUNOUSIA$99 'APOTREPOUSIN990,
FOBOUMENOI99 TOU$99 MEN99 'OUSIAN99 KEKTHMENOU$99 MH99 CRHMASIN99
'AUTOU$99 "UPERBALWNTAI99, TOU$99 DE99 PEPAIDEUMENOU$99 MH99
SUNESEI99 KREITTOU$99 GENWNTAI99; TWN99 DE99 'ALLO99 TI99 KEKTHMENWN99
<P 232D>
'AGAQON99 THN99 DUNAMIN99 "EKASTOU99 FULATTONTAI99. PEISANTE$99 MEN99-'OUN99
'APECQESQAI99 SE99 TOUTOI$99 'EI$99 'ERHMIAN99 FILWN99 KAQISTASIN99,
'EA=N99 DE99 TO99 SEAUTOU99 SKOPWN99 'AMEINON99 'EKEINWN99 FRONHI$99, "HXEI$99
'AUTOI$99 'EI$99 DIAFORAN99; "OSOI99 DE99 MH99 'ERWNTE$99 'ETUCON99, 'ALLA=99 DI'99
'ARETHN99 'EPRAXAN99 "WN99 'EDEONTO99, 'OUK99 'AN994 TOI$99 SUNOUSI99 FQONOIEN99,
'ALLA=99 TOU$99 MH99 'EQELONTA$99 MISOIEN99, "HGOUMENOI99 "UP'99 'EKEINWN99 MEN99
"UPERORASQAI99, "UPO99 TWN99 SUNONTWN99 DE99 'WFELEISQAI99, "WSTE99 POLU99
<P 232E>
PLEIWN99 'ELPI$99 FILIAN99 'AUTOI$99 'EK99 TOU*99 PRAGMATO$99 'H=99 'ECQRAN99
GENESQAI99.
KAI99-MEN99-DH99 TWN99 MEN99 'ERWNTWN990 POLLOI99 PROTERON99 TOU*99 SWMATO$99
'EPEQUMHSAN99 'H=99 TON99 TROPON99 'EGNWSAN99 KAI99 TWN99 'ALLWN99
'OIKEIWN99 'EMPEIROI99 'EGENONTO99, "WSTE99 'ADHLON99 'AUTOI$99 'EI99 'ETI99 TO=TE99
BOULHSONTAI99 FILOI99 'EINAI99, 'EPEIDAN99 TH$99 'EPIQUMIA$99 PAUSWNTAI99;


<P 233A>
TOI$99 DE99 MH99 'ERWSIN994, "OI=994 KAI99 PROTERON99 'ALLHLOI$99 FILOI99 'ONTE$99
TAUTA99 'EPRAXAN99, 'OUK99 'EX99 "WN99 'AN994 'EU99 PAQWSI99 TAUTA99 'EIKO$99 'ELATTW99
THN99 FILIAN99 'AUTOI$99 POIHSAI990, 'ALLA=99 TAUTA99 MNHMEIA99 KATALEIFQHNAI99
TWN99 MELLONTWN990 'ESESQAI99. KAI99-MEN99-DH99 BELTIONI99 SOI994
PROSHKEI990 GENESQAI99 'EMOI994 PEIQOMENWI99 'H=99 'ERASTHI99. 'EKEINOI99 MEN99-GAR99-KAI99
PARA99 TO99 BELTISTON99 TA99 TE99 LEGOMENA99 KAI99 TA99 PRATTOMENA99
'EPAINOUSIN990, TA99 MEN99 DEDIOTE$99 MH99 'APECQWNTAI99, TA99 DE99-KAI99
<P 233B>
'AUTOI99 CEIRON99 DIA=99 THN99 'EPIQUMIAN99 GIGNWSKONTE$99. TOIAUTA99
GAR99 "O99 'ERW$99 'EPIDEIKNUTAI99; DUSTUCOUNTA$99 MEN99, "A99 MH99 LUPHN99
TOI$99 'ALLOI$99 PARECEI990, 'ANIARA99 POIEI990 NOMIZEIN99; 'EUTUCOUNTA$99 DE99-KAI99
TA99 MH99 "HDONH$99 'A=XIA99 PAR'99 'EKEINWN99 'EPAINOU99 'ANAGKAZEI990
TUGCANEIN99; "WSTE99 POLU99 MALLON99 'ELEEIN99 TOI$99 'ERWMENOI$99 'H=99
ZHLOUN990 'AUTOU$99 PROSHKEI990. 'EA=N99 DE99 MOI99 PEIQHI993, PRWTON99 MEN99 'OU99
THN99 PAROUSAN99 "HDONHN99 QERAPEUWN99 SUNESOMAI99 SOI994, 'ALLA=99-KAI99
<P 233C>
THN99 MELLOUSAN99 'WFELIAN99 'ESESQAI99, 'OUC99 "UP'99 'ERWTO$99 "HTTWMENO$99
'ALL'99 'EMAUTOU99 KRATWN99, 'OUDE99 DIA=99 SMIKRA99 'ISCURAN99 'ECQRAN99 'ANAIROUMENO$99
'ALLA=99 DIA=99 MEGALA99 BRADEW$99 'OLIGHN99 'ORGHN99 POIOUMENO$99,
TWN99 MEN99 'AKOUSIWN99 SUGGNWMHN99 'ECWN99, TA99 DE99 "EKOU=SIA99
PEIRWMENO$99 'APOTREPEIN99; TAUTA99 GAR99 'ESTI99 FILIA$99 POLUN99 CRONON99
'ESOMENH$99 TEKMHRIA99. 'EI99 D'99-'A=RA99 SOI994 TOUTO99 PARESTHKEN990, "W$99
'OUC99 "OION99-TE99 'ISCURAN99 FILIAN99 GENESQAI99 'EA=N99 MH99 TI$99 'ERWN99 TUGCANHI995,
<P 233D>
'ENQUMEISQAI99 CRH99 "OTI994 'OUT'99 'AN994 TOU$99 "UEI$99 PERI=99 POLLOU99 'EPOIOUMEQA99
'OUT'99 'AN994 TOU$99 PATERA$99 KAI99 TA$99 MHTERA$99, 'OUT'99 'AN994 PISTOU$99
FILOU$99 'EKEKTHMEQA99, "OI=994 'OUK99 'EX99 'EPIQUMIA$99 TOIAUTH$99 GEGONASIN99
'ALL'99 'EX99 "ETERWN99 'EPITHDEUMATWN99.
'ETI99 DE99 'EI99 CRH99 TOI$99 DEOMENOI$99 MALISTA99 CARIZESQAI99,
PROSHKEI990 KAI99 TOI$99 'ALLOI$99 MH99 TOU$99 BELTISTOU$99 'ALLA=99 TOU$99
'APORWTATOU$99 'EU99 POIEIN99; MEGISTWN99 GAR99 'APALLAGENTE$99 KAKWN99
PLEISTHN99 CARIN99 'AUTOI$99 'EISONTAI99. KAI99-MEN99-DH99-KAI99 'EN99 TAI$99
<P 233E>
'IDIAI$99 DAPANAI$99 'OU99 TOU$99 FILOU$99 'AXION99 PARAKALEIN990, 'ALLA=99
TOU$99 PROSAITOUNTA$99 KAI99 TOU$99 DEOMENOU$99 PLHSMONH$99; 'EKEINOI99
GAR99-KAI99 'AGAPHSOUSIN992 KAI99 'AKOLOUQHSOUSIN992 KAI99 'EPI99 TA$99 QURA$99
"HXOUSI992 KAI99 MALISTA99 "HSQHSONTAI99 KAI99 'OUK99 'ELACISTHN99 CARIN99
'EISONTAI99 KAI99 POLLA99 'AGAQA99 'AUTOI$99 'EUXONTAI99. 'ALL'99 'ISW$99
PROSHKEI990 'OU99 TOI$99 SFO=DRA99 DEOMENOI$99 CARIZESQAI99, 'ALLA=99 TOI$99
MALISTA99 'APODOUNAI990 CARIN99 DUNAMENOI$99; 'OUDE99 TOI$99 PROSAITOUSI994


<P 234A>
MONON99, 'ALLA=99 TOI$99 TOU*99 PRAGMATO$99 'AXIOI$99; 'OUDE99 "OSOI99 TH$99 SH$99
"WRA$99 'APOLAUSONTAI99, 'ALL'99 "OITINE$99 PRESBUTERWI99 GENOMENWI99 TWN99
SFETERWN99 'AGAQWN99 METADWSOUSIN992; 'OUDE99 "OI=994 DIAPRAXAMENOI99
PRO$99 TOU$99 'ALLOU$99 FILOTIMHSONTAI99, 'ALL'99 "OITINE$99 'AISCUNOMENOI99
PRO$99 "APANTA$99 SIWPHSONTAI99; 'OUDE99 TOI$99 'OLIGON99 CRONON99
SPOUDAZOUSIN994, 'ALLA=99 TOI$99 "OMOIW$99 DIA=99 PANTO$99 TOU*99 BIOU99 FILOI$99
'ESOMENOI$99; 'OUDE99 "OITINE$99 PAUOMENOI99 TH$99 'EPIQUMIA$99 'ECQRA$99
PROFASIN99 ZHTHSOUSIN992, 'ALL'99 "OI=994 PAUSAMENOU99 TH$99 "WRA$99 TO=TE99
<P 234B>
THN99 "AUTWN99 'ARETHN99 'EPIDEIXONTAI99. SU99 'OUN99 TWN99 TE99 'EIRHMENWN99
MEMNHSO99 KAI99 'EKEINO99 'ENQUMOU99, "OTI994 TOU$99 MEN99 'ERWNTA$99 "OI99 FILOI99
NOUQETOUSIN990 "W$99 'ONTO$99 KAKOU99 TOU*99 'EPITHDEUMATO$99, TOI$99 DE99 MH99
'ERWSIN994 'OUDEI$99 PWPOTE99 TWN99 'OIKEIWN99 'EMEMYATO99 "W$99 DIA=99 TOUTO99
KAKW$99 BOULEUOMENOI$99 PERI=99 "EAUTWN99.
'ISW$99 'AN994 'OUN99 'EROIO99 ME99 'EI99 "APASIN99 SOI994 PARAINW990 TOI$99 MH99
'ERWSI994 CARIZESQAI99. 'EGW99 MEN99 'OIMAI99 'OUD'99 'AN994 TON99 'ERWNTA99
PRO$99 "APANTA$99 SE99 KELEUEIN99 TOU$99 'ERWNTA$99 TAUTHN99 'ECEIN99 THN99
<P 234C>
DIANOIAN99. 'OUTE99-GAR99 TW*I99 LAMBANONTI99 CARITO$99 'ISH$99 'AXION99,
'OUTE99 SOI994 BOULOMENWI99 TOU$99 'ALLOU$99 LANQANEIN99 "OMOIW$99 DUNATON99;
DEI99 DE99 BLABHN99 MEN99 'AP'99 'AUTOU994 MHDEMIAN99, 'WFELIAN99 DE99 'AMFOIN99
GIGNESQAI99. 'EGW99 MEN99-'OUN99 "IKANA99 MOI99 NOMIZW990 TA99 'EIRHMENA99;
'EI99 D'99 'ETI99 TI997 SU99 POQEI$99, "HGOUMENO$99 PARALELEIFQAI99, 'ERWTA99.
FAI ^ TI= SOI4 FAINETAI, 'W* SWKRATE$, "O LOGO$: 'OUC
"UPERFUW$ TA TE 'A=LLA KAI TOI$ 'ONOMASIN 'EIRHSQAI:
<P 234D>
SW ^ DAIMONIW$ MEN-'OUN, 'W* "ETAIRE, "WSTE ME 'EKPLAGHNAI.
KAI TOUTO 'EGW 'EPAQON DIA= SE, 'W* FAIDRE, PRO$ SE 'APOBLEPWN,
"OTI4 'EMOI4 'EDOKEI$ GANUSQAI "UPO TOU* LOGOU METAXU
'ANAGIGNWSKWN; "HGOUMENO$ GAR SE MALLON 'H= 'EME 'EPAIEIN
PERI= TWN TOIOUTWN SOI4 "EIPOMHN, KAI "EPOMENO$ SUNEBAKCEUSA
META SOU4 TH$ QEIA$ KEFALH$.
FAI ^ 'EIEN; "OUTW DH DOKEI0 PAIZEIN:
SW ^ DOKW0 GAR SOI4 PAIZEIN KAI 'OUCI 'ESPOUDAKENAI:
<P 234E>
FAI ^ MHDAMW$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALL' "W$ 'ALHQW$ 'EIPE=
PRO$ DIO$ FILIOU, 'OIEI 'AN4 TINA 'ECEIN 'EIPEIN 'ALLON TWN
"ELLHNWN "E=TERA TOUTWN MEIZW KAI PLEIW PERI= TOU* 'AUTOU4
PRAGMATO$:
SW ^ TI= DE: KAI TAUTHI DEI "UP' 'EMOU4 TE-KAI SOU4 TON
LOGON 'EPAINEQHNAI, "W$ TA DEONTA 'EIRHKOTO$ TOU* POIHTOU,
'ALL' 'OUK 'EKEINHI MONON, "OTI4 SAFH KAI STROGGULA, KAI 'AKRIBW$
"EKASTA TWN 'ONOMATWN 'APOTETORNEUTAI: 'EI GAR DEI,
SUGCWRHTEON CARIN SHN, 'EPEI 'EME GE 'ELAQEN "UPO TH$ 'EMH$


<P 235A>
'OUDENIA$; TW*I GAR "RHTORIKWI 'AUTOU4 MONWI TON NOUN PROSEICON,
TOUTO DE-'OUD' 'AN74 'AUTON 'WIMHN LUSIAN 'OIESQAI "IKANON
'EINAI. KAI-'OUN MOI 'EDOXEN, 'W* FAIDRE, 'EI MH TI SU 'ALLO
LEGEI$, DI$ KAI TRI$ TA 'AUTA 'EIRHKENAI, "W$ 'OU PANU 'EUPORWN
TOU* POLLA LEGEIN PERI= TOU* 'AUTOU4, 'H= 'ISW$ 'OUDEN 'AUTWI MELON
TOU* TOIOUTOU; KAI 'EFAINETO DH MOI NEANIEUESQAI 'EPIDEIKNUMENO$
"W$ "OIO$-TE-'WN 'TAUTA "ETERW$ TE-KAI "ETERW$ LEGWN
'AMFOTERW$ 'EIPEIN 'ARISTA.
<P 235B>
FAI ^ 'OUDEN LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$; 'AUTO GAR TOUTO KAI
MALISTA "O LOGO$ 'ECEI0. TWN GAR 'ENONTWN0 'AXIW$ "RHQHNAI
'EN TW*I PRAGMATI 'OUDEN PARALELOIPEN0, "WSTE PARA TA 'EKEINWI
'EIRHMENA MHDEN' 'AN74 POTE DUNASQAI 'EIPEIN 'A=LLA PLEIW KAI
PLEIONO$ 'A=XIA.
SW ^ TOUTO 'EGW SOI4 'OUKETI "OIO$-T'-'ESOMAI PIQESQAI;
PALAIOI GAR-KAI SOFOI 'ANDRE$ TE-KAI GUNAIKE$ PERI= 'AUTWN
'EIRHKOTE$ KAI GEGRAFOTE$ 'EXELEGXOUSI2 ME, 'EA=N SOI4 CARIZOMENO$
SUGCWRW3.
<P 235C>
FAI ^ TI=NE$ "OUTOI: KAI POU* SU BELTIW TOUTWN 'AKHKOA$:
SW ^ NU*N MEN "OUTW$ 'OUK 'ECW0 'EIPEIN; DHLON DE "OTI4 TINWN
'AKHKOA, 'H= POU SAPFOU$ TH$ KALH$ 'H= 'ANAKREONTO$ TOU*
SOFOU 'H=-KAI SUGGRAFEWN TINWN. PO=QEN DH TEKMAIROMENO$
LEGW0: PLHRE$ PW$, 'W* DAIMONIE, TO STHQO$ 'ECWN 'AISQANOMAI
PARA TAUTA 'AN4 'ECEIN 'EIPEIN "E=TERA MH CEIRW. "OTI4 MEN-'OUN
PARA GE 'EMAUTOU 'OUDEN 'AUTWN 'ENNENOHKA, 'EU 'OIDA, SUNEIDW$
'EMAUTWI 'AMAQIAN; LEIPETAI DH 'OIMAI 'EX 'ALLOTRIWN POQEN
<P 235D>
NAMATWN DIA= TH$ 'AKOH$ PEPLHRWSQAI ME DIKHN 'AGGEIOU.
"UPO DE NWQEIA$ 'AU KAI 'AUTO TOUTO 'EPILELHSMAI, "OPW$ TE-KAI
"WNTINWN 'HKOUSA.
FAI ^ 'ALL', 'W* GENNAIOTATE, KALLISTA 'EIRHKA$. SU GAR
'EMOI4 "WNTINWN MEN-KAI "OPW$ 'HKOUSA$ MHD' 'AN2 KELEUW3 'EIPHI$,
TOUTO DE 'AUTO "O= LEGEI$ POIHSON2; TWN 'EN TW*I BIBLIWI BELTIW
TE-KAI MH 'ELATTW "E=TERA "UPESCHSAI 'EIPEIN TOUTWN 'APECOMENO$,
KAI SOI4 'EGW, "WSPER "OI 'ENNEA 'ARCONTE$, "UPISCNOUMAI
CRUSHN 'EIKONA 'ISOMETRHTON 'EI$ DELFOU$ 'ANAQHSEIN, 'OU
<P 235E>
MONON 'EMAUTOU 'ALLA=-KAI SHN.
SW ^ FILTATO$ 'EI* KAI "W$ 'ALHQW$ CRUSOU$, 'W* FAIDRE,
'EI ME 'OIEI LEGEIN "W$ LUSIA$ TOU* PANTO$ "HMARTHKEN0, KAI "OION-TE
DH PARA PANTA TAUTA 'A=LLA 'EIPEIN; TOUTO DE 'OIMAI 'OUD'
'AN4 TON FAULOTATON PAQEIN SUGGRAFEA. 'AUTIKA PERI= "OU2
"O LOGO$, TI=NA 'OIEI LEGONTA "W$ CRH MH 'ERWNTI MALLON 'H=
'ERWNTI CARIZESQAI, PARENTA TOU* MEN TO FRONIMON 'EGKWMIAZEIN,


<P 236A>
TOU* DE TO 'AFRON YEGEIN, 'ANAGKAI*A GOUN 'ONTA, 'EI*T'
'A=LL'0 'ATTA "EXEIN LEGEIN: 'ALL' 'OIMAI TA MEN TOIAUTA 'EATEA
KAI SUGGNWSTEA LEGONTI; KAI TWN MEN TOIOUTWN 'OU THN
"EURESIN 'ALLA= THN DIAQESIN 'EPAINETEON, TWN DE MH 'ANAGKAIWN
TE-KAI CALEPWN "EUREIN PRO$ THI DIAQESEI KAI THN
"EURESIN.
FAI ^ SUGCWRW0 "O= LEGEI$; METRIW$ GAR MOI DOKEI$ 'EIRHKENAI.
POIHSW2 'OUN-KAI 'EGW "OUTW$; TO MEN TON 'ERWNTA
<P 236B>
TOU* MH 'ERWNTO$ MALLON NOSEIN DWSW2 SOI4 "UPOTIQESQAI, TWN
DE LOIPWN "E=TERA PLEIW KAI PLEIONO$ 'A=XIA 'EIPWN TWNDE
LUSIOU8 PARA TO KUYELIDWN 'ANAQHMA SFURHLATO$ 'EN
'OLUMPIA\ STAQHTI.
SW ^ 'ESPOUDAKA$, 'W* FAIDRE, "OTI4 SOU4 TWN PAIDIKWN
'EPELABOMHN 'ERESCHLWN SE, KAI 'OIEI DH ME "W$ 'ALHQW$ 'EPICEIRHSEIN
'EIPEIN PARA THN 'EKEINOU SOFIAN "ETERON TI
POIKILWTERON:
FAI ^ PERI= MEN TOUTOU, 'W* FILE, 'EI$ TA$ "OMOIA$ LABA$
<P 236C>
'ELHLUQA$. "RHTEON MEN-GAR SOI4 PANTO$ MALLON "OUTW$ "OPW$
"OIO$-TE-'EI*, "INA MH TO TWN KWMWIDWN FORTIKON PRAGMA
'ANAGKAZWMEQA POIEIN 'ANTAPODIDONTE$ 'ALLHLOI$ 'EULABHQHTI8,
KAI MH BOULOU ME 'ANAGKASAI0 LEGEIN 'EKEINO TO 'EI 'EGW, 'W*
SWKRATE$, SWKRATHN 'AGNOW0, KAI 'EMAUTOU 'EPILELHSMAI,
KAI "OTI4 'EPEQUMEI MEN LEGEIN, 'EQRUPTETO DE;
'ALLA= DIANOHQHTI "OTI4 'ENTEUQEN 'OUK 'APIMEN0 PRIN 'AN4 SU 'EIPHI$
"A 'EFHSQA 'EN TW*I STHQEI 'ECEIN. 'ESMEN DE MONW 'EN 'ERHMIA\,
<P 236D>
'ISCUROTERO$ D' 'EGW KAI NEWTERO$, 'EK DE "APANTWN TOUTWN
SUNE$9 "O=9 TOI9 LEGW90, KAI MHDAMW$ PRO$ BIAN BOULHQHI$
MALLON 'H= "EKWN LEGEIN.
SW ^ 'ALL', 'W* MAKARIE FAIDRE, GELOIO$ 'ESOMAI PAR'
'AGAQON POIHTHN 'IDIWTH$ 'AUTOSCEDIAZWN PERI= TWN 'AUTWN.
FAI ^ 'OISQ' "W$ 'ECEI0: PAUSAI2 PRO$ ME KALLWPIZOMENO$;
SCEDON GAR 'ECW0 "O= 'EIPWN 'ANAGKASW2 SE LEGEIN.
SW ^ MHDAMW$ TOINUN 'EIPHI$.
FAI ^ 'OU=K, 'ALLA=-KAI-DH LEGW0; "O DE MOI LOGO$ "ORKO$
'ESTAI. 'OMNUMI GAR SOI4 % TI=NA MENTOI, TI=NA QEWN: 'H= BOULEI
<P 236E>
THN PLATANON TAUTHNI: 'H*-MHN, 'EA=N MOI MH 'EIPHI$ TON
LOGON 'ENANTION 'AUTH$ TAUTH$, MHDEPOTE SOI4 "ETERON LOGON
MHDENA MHDENO$ MHTE 'EPIDEIXEIN MHTE 'EXAGGELEIN.
SW ^ BABAI, 'W* MIARE, "W$ 'EU 'ANHURE$ THN 'ANAGKHN 'ANDRI
FILOLOGWI POIEIN "O= 'AN4 KELEUHI$.
FAI ^ TI= DHTA 'ECWN STREFHI0:
SW ^ 'OUDEN 'ETI, 'EPEIDH SU GE TAUTA 'OMWMOKA$. PW*$
GAR 'AN4 "OIO$-T'-'EIHN TOIAUTH$ QOINH$ 'APECESQAI:


<P 237A>
FAI ^ LEGE DH.
SW ^ 'OISQ' 'OUN "W$ POIHSW2:
FAI ^ TOU*2 PE=RI:
SW ^ 'EGKALUYAMENO$ 'ERW2, "IN' "OTI2 TACISTA DIADRAMW
TON LOGON KAI MH BLEPWN PRO$ SE "UP' 'AISCUNH$ DIAPORWMAI.
FAI ^ LEGE MONON, TA D' 'A=LLA "OPW$ BOULEI POIEI5.
SW ^ 'AGETE3 DH, 'W* MOUSAI, 'EI=TE DI' 'WIDH$ 'EIDO$ LIGEIAI,
'EI=TE DIA= GENO$ MOUSIKON TO LIGUWN TAUTHN 'ESCET' 'EPWNUMIAN,
XUM1 MOI1 LABESQE21 TOU* MUQOU, "ON ME 'ANAGKAZEI0
"O BELTISTO$ "OUTOSI LEGEIN, "IN' "O "ETAIRO$ 'AUTOU4, KAI PROTERON
<P 237B>
DOKWN TOUTWI SOFO$ 'EINAI, NU*N 'ETI MALLON DOXHI6.
'H*N "OUTW DH PAI$, MALLON DE MEIRAKISKO$, MALA KALO$;
TOUTWI DE 'HSAN 'ERASTAI PANU POLLOI. "EI$ DE TI$ 'AUTWN
"AIMULO$ 'H*N, "O$4 'OUDENO$ "HTTON 'ERWN 'EPEPEIKEI TON PAIDA "W$
'OUK 'ERWIH. KAI POTE 'AUTON 'AITWN 'EPEIQEN TOUT' 'AUTO, "W$ MH
'ERWNTI PRO TOU* 'ERWNTO$ DEOI CARIZESQAI, 'ELEGEN TE "WDE %
PERI= PANTO$, 'W* PAI, MIA 'ARCH TOI$ MELLOUSI4 KALW$
<P 237C>
BOULEUSESQAI; 'EIDENAI DEI PERI= "OU2 'AN4 'HI "H BOULH, 'H= PANTO$
"AMARTANEIN 'ANAGKH. TOU$ DE POLLOU$ LELHQEN0 "OTI4 'OUK
'ISASI THN 'OUSIAN "EKASTOU. "W$ 'OUN 'EIDOTE$ 'OU DIOMOLOGOUNTAI
'EN 'ARCHI TH$ SKEYEW$, PROELQONTE$ DE TO 'EIKO$ 'APODIDOASIN;
'OUTE-GAR "EAUTOI$ 'OUTE 'ALLHLOI$ "OMOLOGOUSIN0. 'EGW 'OUN-KAI
SU MH PAQWMEN "O= 'ALLOI$ 'EPITIMWMEN0, 'ALL' 'EPEIDH SOI4
KAI 'EMOI4 "O LOGO$ PROKEITAI PO=TERA 'ERWNTI 'H= MH MALLON 'EI$
FILIAN 'ITEON, PERI= 'ERWTO$ "OION T' 'ESTI KAI "HN 'ECEI0 DUNAMIN,
<P 237D>
"OMOLOGIA\ QEMENOI "ORON, 'EI$ TOUTO 'APOBLEPONTE$ KAI
'ANAFERONTE$ THN SKEYIN POIWMEQA 'EI=TE 'WFELIAN 'EI=TE
BLABHN PARECEI0. "OTI4 MEN-'OUN-DH 'EPIQUMIA TI$ "O 'ERW$,
"APANTI DHLON; "OTI4 D' 'AU KAI MH 'ERWNTE$ 'EPIQUMOUSI0 TWN
KALWN, 'ISMEN. TW*I2 DH TON 'ERWNTA TE-KAI MH KRINOUMEN:
DEI 'AU NOHSAI0 "OTI4 "HMWN 'EN "EKASTWI DUO TINE 'ESTON0 'IDEA
'ARCONTE KAI 'AGONTE, "OIN "EPOMEQA "HI 'AN4 'AGHTON, "H MEN 'EMFUTO$
'OUSA 'EPIQUMIA "HDONWN, 'ALLH DE 'EPIKTHTO$ DOXA,
'EFIEMENH TOU* 'ARISTOU. TOUTW DE 'EN "HMIN TOTE= MEN "OMONOEITON0,
<P 237E>
'ESTI DE "OTE STASIAZETON0; KAI TOTE= MEN "H "ETE=RA,
'ALLOTE DE "H "ETE=RA KRATEI0. DOXH$ MEN-'OUN 'EPI TO 'ARISTON
LOGWI 'AGOUSH$ KAI KRATOUSH$ TW*I KRATEI SWFROSUNH 'ONOMA;


<P 238A>
'EPIQUMIA$ DE 'ALOGW$ "ELKOUSH$ 'EPI "HDONA$ KAI 'ARXASH$ 'EN
"HMIN THI 'ARCHI "UBRI$ 'EPWNOMASQH. "UBRI$ DE-DH POLUWNUMON %
POLUMELE$ GAR-KAI POLUMERE$ % KAI TOUTWN TWN 'IDEWN
'EKPREPH$ "H=4 'AN4 TUCHI6 GENOMENH, THN "AUTH$ 'EPWNUMIAN 'ONOMAZOMENON
TON 'ECONTA PARECETAI, 'OUTE TINA KALHN 'OUT'
'EPAXIAN KEKTHSQAI. PERI= MEN-GAR 'EDWDHN KRATOUSA TOU*
LOGOU TE TOU* 'ARISTOU KAI TWN 'ALLWN 'EPIQUMIWN 'EPIQUMIA
<P 238B>
GASTRIMARGIA TE-KAI TON 'ECONTA 'TAUTON TOUTO KEKLHMENON
PAREXETAI; PERI= D' 'AU MEQA$ TURANNEUSASA, TON KEKTHMENON
TAUTHI 'AGOUSA, DHLON "OU2 TEUXETAI PROSRHMATO$; KAI 'TALLA
DH TA TOUTWN 'ADELFA KAI 'ADELFWN 'EPIQUMIWN 'ONOMATA TH$
'AEI DUNASTEUOUSH$ "HI PROSHKEI0 KALEISQAI0 PRODHLON. "H$ D'
"ENEKA PANTA TA PROSQEN 'EIRHTAI, SCEDON MEN 'HDH FANERON,
LECQEN DE 'H= MH LECQEN PANTW$ SAFESTERON; "H GAR 'ANEU
LOGOU DOXH$ 'EPI TO 'ORQON "ORMWSH$ KRATHSASA 'EPIQUMIA
<P 238C>
PRO$ "HDONHN 'ACQEISA KALLOU$, KAI "UPO 'AU TWN "EAUTH$ SUGGENWN
'EPIQUMIWN 'EPI SWMATWN KALLO$ 'ERRWMENW$ "RWSQEISA
NIKHSASA 'AGWGHI, 'AP' 'AUTH$ TH$ "RWMH$ 'EPWNUMIAN LABOUSA,
'ERW$ 'EKLHQH.
'ATAR, 'W* FILE FAIDRE, DOKW0 TI SOI4, "WSPER 'EMAUTWI,
QEION PAQO$ PEPONQENAI:
FAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN, 'W* SWKRATE$, PARA TO 'EIWQO$ 'EUROIA
TI$ SE 'EILHFEN0.
SW ^ SIGHI TOINUN MOU 'AKOUE. TW*I-'ONTI GAR QEIO$ 'EOIKEN0
<P 238D>
"O TOPO$ 'EINAI, "WSTE 'EA=N 'A=RA POLLAKI$ NUMFOLHPTO$ PROIONTO$
TOU* LOGOU GENWMAI, MH QAUMASHI$; TA NU*N GAR 'OUKETI PORRW
DIQURAMBWN FQEGGOMAI.
FAI ^ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
SW ^ TOUTWN MENTOI SU 'AITIO$. 'ALLA= TA LOIPA 'AKOUE;
'ISW$ GAR 'KAN4 'APOTRAPOITO TO 'EPION. TAUTA MEN-'OUN QEWI
MELHSEI2, "HMIN DE PRO$ TON PAIDA PALIN TW*I LOGWI 'ITEON.
'EIEN, 'W* FERISTE; "O= MEN-DH TUGCANEI0 'ON PERI= "OU2 BOULEUTEON,
'EIRHTAI TE-KAI "WRISTAI, BLEPONTE$ DE-DH PRO$ 'AUTO
<P 238E>
TA LOIPA LEGWMEN TI=$ 'WFELIA 'H= BLABH 'APO TE 'ERWNTO$
KAI MH TW*I CARIZOMENWI 'EX 'EIKOTO$ SUMBHSETAI. TW*I DH
"UPO 'EPIQUMIA$ 'ARCOMENWI DOULEUONTI TE "HDONHI 'ANAGKH POU
TON 'ERWMENON "W$ "HDISTON "EAUTWI PARASKEUAZEIN; NOSOUNTI
DE PAN "HDU TO MH 'ANTITEINON, KREITTON DE-KAI 'ISON 'ECQRON.


<P 239A>
'OUTE-DH KREITTW 'OUTE 'ISOUMENON "EKWN 'ERASTH$ PAIDIKA
'ANEXETAI, "HTTW DE-KAI "UPODEESTERON 'AEI 'APERGAZETAI; "HTTWN
DE 'AMAQH$ SOFOU, DEILO$ 'ANDREIOU, 'ADUNATO$ 'EIPEIN "RHTORIKOU,
BRADU$ 'AGCINOU. TOSOUTWN KAKWN KAI 'ETI PLEIONWN
KATA THN DIANOIAN 'ERASTHN 'ERWMENWI 'ANAGKH GIGNOMENWN TE-KAI
FUSEI 'ENONTWN0 TWN8 MEN "HDESQAI, TA DE PARASKEUAZEIN,
'H= STERESQAI TOU* PARAUTIKA "HDEO$. FQONERON DH 'ANAGKH
<P 239B>
'EINAI, KAI POLLWN MEN 'ALLWN SUNOUSIWN 'APEIRGONTA KAI
'WFELIMWN "OQEN 'AN4 MALIST' 'ANHR GIGNOITO, MEGALH$ 'AITION
'EINAI BLABH$, MEGISTH$ DE TH$ "OQEN 'AN4 FRONIMWTATO$ 'EIH.
TOUTO DE "H QEI=A FILOSOFIA TUGCANEI0 'ON, "H$ 'ERASTHN PAIDIKA
'ANAGKH PORRWQEN 'EIRGEIN, PERIFOBON 'ONTA TOU* KATAFRONHQHNAI;
TA TE 'A=LLA MHCANASQAI "OPW$ 'AN4 'HI PANTA 'AGNOWN
KAI PANTA 'APOBLEPWN 'EI$ TON 'ERASTHN, "OIO$ 'WN TW*I MEN
"HDISTO$, "EAUTWI DE BLABERWTATO$ 'AN4 'EIH. TA MEN-'OUN KATA
<P 239C>
DIANOIAN 'EPITROPO$ TE-KAI KOINWNO$ 'OUDAMHI LUSITELH$ 'ANHR
'ECWN 'ERWTA.
THN DE TOU* SWMATO$ "EXIN TE-KAI QERAPEIAN "OIAN TE-KAI
"W$ QERAPEUSEI2 "OU2 'AN4 GENHTAI KURIO$, "O$4 "HDU PRO 'AGAQOU
'HNAGKASTAI DIWKEIN, DEI META TAUTA 'IDEIN. 'OFQHSETAI DH
MALQAKON TINA KAI 'OU STEREON DIWKWN, 'OUD' 'EN "HLIWI KAQARWI
TEQRAMMENON 'ALLA= "UPO SUMMIGEI SKIA*I, PONWN MEN 'ANDREIWN
KAI "IDRWTWN XHRWN 'APEIRON, 'EMPEIRON DE "APALH$ KAI 'ANANDROU
<P 239D>
DIAITH$, 'ALLOTRIOI$ CRWMASI KAI KOSMOI$ CHTEI 'OIKEIWN
KOSMOUMENON, "OSA TE 'A=LLA TOUTOI$ "EPETAI PANTA 'EPITHDEUONTA,
"A DHLA KAI 'OUK 'AXION PERAITERW PROBAINEIN, 'ALLA=
"EN KEFALAION "ORISAMENOU$ 'EP' 'ALLO 'IENAI; TO GAR TOIOUTON
SWMA 'EN POLEMWI TE-KAI 'ALLAI$ CREIAI$ "OSAI MEGALAI "OI
MEN 'ECQROI QARROUSIN0, "OI DE FILOI KAI 'AUTOI "OI 'ERASTAI
FOBOUNTAI.
TOUTO MEN-'OUN "W$ DHLON 'EATEON, TO D' 'EFEXH$ "RHTEON,
<P 239E>
TI=NA "HMIN 'WFELIAN 'H= TI=NA BLABHN PERI= THN KTHSIN "H TOU*
'ERWNTO$ "OMILIA TE-KAI 'EPITROPEIA PAREXETAI. SAFE$ DH
TOUTO GE PANTI MEN, MALISTA DE TW*I 'ERASTHI, "OTI4 TWN FILTATWN
TE-KAI 'EUNOUSTATWN KAI QEIOTATWN KTHMATWN 'ORFANON
PRO PANTO$ 'EUXAIT' 'AN4 'EINAI TON 'ERWMENON; PATRO$ GAR-KAI
MHTRO$ KAI SUGGENWN KAI FILWN STERESQAI 'AN4 'AUTON DEXAITO,


<P 240A>
DIAKWLUTA$ KAI 'EPITIMHTA$ "HGOUMENO$ TH$ "HDISTH$ PRO$
'AUTON "OMILIA$. 'ALLA=-MHN 'OUSIAN G' 'ECONTA CRUSOU 'H= TINO$
'ALLH$ KTHSEW$ 'OUTE 'EUALWTON "OMOIW$ 'OUTE "ALONTA 'EUMETACEIRISTON
"HGHSETAI; 'EX "WN PASA 'ANAGKH 'ERASTHN PAIDIKOI$
FQONEIN MEN 'OUSIAN KEKTHMENOI$, 'APOLLUMENH$ DE CAIREIN.
'ETI TOINUN 'AGAMON, 'APAIDA, 'AOIKON "OTI2 PLEISTON CRONON
PAIDIKA 'ERASTH$ 'EUXAIT' 'AN4 GENESQAI, TO "AUTOU GLUKU "W$
PLEISTON CRONON KARPOUSQAI 'EPIQUMWN.
'ESTI MEN-DH-KAI 'A=LLA KAKA, 'ALLA= TI$ DAIMWN 'EMEIXE TOI$
<P 240B>
PLEISTOI$ 'EN TW*I PARAUTIKA "HDONHN, "OION KOLAKI, DEINWI QHRIWI
KAI BLABHI MEGALHI, "OMW$ 'EPEMEIXEN "H FUSI$ "HDONHN TINA 'OUK
'AMOUSON, KAI TI$ "ETAIRAN "W$ BLABERON YEXEIEN 'AN4, KAI 'A=LLA
POLLA TWN TOIOUTOTROPWN QREMMATWN TE-KAI 'EPITHDEUMATWN,
"OI$ TO GE KAQ' "HMERAN "HDISTOISIN 'EINAI "UPARCEI0; PAIDIKOI$ DE
'ERASTH$ PRO$ TW*I BLABERWI KAI 'EI$ TO SUNHMEREUEIN PANTWN
<P 240C>
'AHDESTATON. "HLIKA GAR-DH-KAI "O PALAIO$ LOGO$ TERPEIN TON
"HLIKA % "H GAR 'OIMAI CRONOU 'ISOTH$ 'EP' 'ISA$ "HDONA$ 'AGOUSA
DI' "OMOIOTHTA FILIAN PARECETAI % 'ALL' "OMW$ KORON GE-KAI "H
TOUTWN SUNOUSIA 'ECEI0. KAI-MHN TO GE 'ANAGKAION 'AU BARU
PANTI PERI= PAN LEGETAI; "O= DH PRO$ THI 'ANOMOIOTHTI MALISTA
'ERASTH$ PRO$ PAIDIKA 'ECEI0. NEWTERWI GAR PRESBUTERO$
SUNWN 'OUQ' "HMERA$ 'OUTE NUKTO$ "EKWN 'APOLEIPETAI, 'ALL' "UP'
<P 240D>
'ANAGKH$ TE-KAI 'OISTROU 'ELAUNETAI, "O$4 'EKEINWI MEN "HDONA$ 'AEI
DIDOU$ 'AGEI0, "ORWNTI, 'AKOUONTI, "APTOMENWI, KAI PASAN 'AISQHSIN
'AISQANOMENWI TOU* 'ERWMENOU, "WSTE MEQ' "HDONH$ 'ARAROTW$ 'AUTWI
"UPHRETEIN; TW*I DE-DH 'ERWMENWI POI*ON PARAMUQION 'H= TI=NA$
"HDONA$ DIDOU$ POIHSEI2 TON 'ISON CRONON SUNONTA MH 'OUCI 'EP'
'ESCATON 'ELQEIN 'AHDIA$ % "ORWNTI MEN 'OYIN PRESBUTERAN KAI
'OUK 'EN "WRA\ "EPOMENWN DE TWN 'ALLWN TAUTHI, "A KAI LOGWI
<P 240E>
'ESTIN 'AKOUEIN 'OUK 'EPITERPE$, MH-"OTI4 DH 'ERGWI 'ANAGKH$ 'AEI
PROSKEIMENH$ METACEIRIZESQAI, FULAKA$ TE-DH KACUPOTOPOU$
FULATTOMENWI DIA= PANTO$ KAI PRO$ "APANTA$, 'AKAIROU$ TE
'EPAINOU$ KAI "UPERBALLONTA$ 'AKOUONTI, "W$ D' "AUTW$ YOGOU$
NHFONTO$ MEN 'OUK 'ANEKTOU$, 'EI$ DE MEQHN 'IONTO$ PRO$ TW*I
MH 'ANEKTWI 'EPAISCEI$, PARRHSIA\ KATAKOREI KAI 'ANAPEPTAMENHI
CRWMENOU:
KAI 'ERWN MEN BLABERO$ TE-KAI 'AHDH$, LHXA$ DE TOU*
'ERWTO$ 'EI$ TON 'EPEITA CRONON 'APISTO$, 'EI$ "ON POLLA KAI
META POLLWN "ORKWN TE-KAI DEHSEWN "UPISCNOUMENO$ MOGI$


<P 241A>
KATEICE THN G' 'EN TW*I TO=TE SUNOUSIAN 'EPIPONON 'OUSAN FEREIN
DI' 'ELPIDA 'AGAQWN. TO=TE DH DEON 'EKTINEIN, METABALWN2 'ALLON
'ARCONTA 'EN "AUTWI KAI PROSTATHN, NOUN KAI SWFROSUNHN 'ANT'
'ERWTO$ KAI MANIA$, 'ALLO$ GEGONW$ LELHQEN0 TA PAIDIKA. KAI
"O MEN 'AUTON CARIN 'APAITEI0 TWN TO=TE, "UPOMIMNHISKWN TA
PRACQENTA KAI LECQENTA, "W$ TW*I 'AUTWI DIALEGOMENO$; "O DE "UP'
'AISCUNH$ 'OUTE 'EIPEIN TOLMA*I0 "OTI4 'ALLO$ GEGONEN0, 'OUQ' "OPW$ TA
TH$ PROTERA$ 'ANOHTOU 'ARCH$ "ORKWMOSIA TE-KAI "UPOSCESEI$
<P 241B>
'EMPEDWSHI6 'ECEI0, NOUN 'HDH 'ESCHKW$ KAI SESWFRONHKW$, "INA
MH PRATTWN 'TAUTA TW*I PROSQEN "OMOIO$ TE 'EKEINWI KAI "O 'AUTO$
PALIN GENHTAI. FUGA$ DH GIGNETAI 'EK TOUTWN, KAI 'APESTERHKW$
"UP' 'ANAGKH$ "O PRIN 'ERASTH$, 'OSTRAKOU METAPESONTO$,
"IETAI FUGHI METABALWN2; "O DE 'ANAGKAZETAI DIWKEIN
'AGANAKTWN KAI 'EPIQEAZWN, 'HGNOHKW$ TO "APAN 'EX 'ARCH$, "OTI4
'OUK 'A=RA 'EDEI POTE 'ERWNTI KAI "UP' 'ANAGKH$ 'ANOHTWI CARIZESQAI,
<P 241C>
'ALLA= POLU MALLON MH 'ERWNTI KAI NOUN 'ECONTI; 'EI DE MH,
'ANAGKAION 'EIH 'ENDOUNAI0 "AUTON 'APISTWI, DUSKOLWI, FQONERWI,
'AHDEI, BLABERWI MEN PRO$ 'OUSIAN, BLABERWI DE PRO$ THN
TOU* SWMATO$ "EXIN, POLU DE BLABERWTATWI PRO$ THN TH$
YUCH$ PAIDEUSIN, "H$ 'OUTE 'ANQRWPOI$ 'OUTE QEOI$ THI 'ALHQEIA\
TIMIWTERON 'OUTE 'ESTIN 'OUTE POTE 'ESTAI. TAUTA TE-'OUN CRH,
'W* PAI, SUNNOEIN, KAI 'EIDENAI THN 'ERASTOU FILIAN "OTI4 'OU MET'
'EUNOIA$ GIGNETAI, 'ALLA= SITIOU TROPON, CARIN PLHSMONH$,
<P 241D>
"W$ LUKOI 'ARNA$ 'AGAPWSIN0, "W=$ PAIDA FILOUSIN0 'ERASTAI.
TOUT' 'EKEINO, 'W* FAIDRE. 'OUKET' 'AN4 TO PERA 'AKOUSAI$ 'EMOU4
LEGONTO$, 'ALL' 'HDH SOI4 TELO$ 'ECETW "O LOGO$.
FAI ^ KAITOI 'WIMHN GE MESOUN0 'AUTON, KAI 'EREIN2 TA 'ISA
PERI= TOU* MH 'ERWNTO$, "W$ DEI 'EKEINWI CARIZESQAI MALLON,
LEGWN "OSA 'AU 'ECEI0 'AGAQA; NU*N DE-DH, 'W* SWKRATE$, TI=
'APOPAUHI0:
<P 241E>
SW ^ 'OUK 'HISQOU, 'W* MAKARIE, "OTI4 'HDH 'EPH FQEGGOMAI 'ALL'
'OUKETI DIQURAMBOU$, KAI TAUTA YEGWN: 'EA=N D' 'EPAINEIN TON
"ETERON 'ARXWMAI, TI= ME 'OIEI POIHSEIN: 'A*R' 'OISQ' "OTI4 "UPO
TWN NUMFWN, "AI$ ME SU PROUBALE$ 'EK PRONOIA$, SAFW$
'ENQOUSIASW2: LEGW0 'OUN "ENI LOGWI "OTI4 "OSA TON "ETERON LELOIDORHKAMEN,
TW*I "ETERWI 'TANANTIA TOUTWN 'AGAQA PROSESTIN. KAI
TI= DEI0 MAKROU LOGOU: PERI= GAR 'AMFOIN "IKANW$ 'EIRHTAI.
KAI "OUTW DH "O MUQO$ "OTI2 PASCEIN PROSHKEI0 'AUTWI, TOUTO


<P 242A>
PEISETAI; 'KAGW TON POTAMON TOUTON DIABA$ 'APERCOMAI PRIN
"UPO SOU4 TI MEIZON 'ANAGKASQHNAI.
FAI ^ MHPW GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, PRIN 'AN4 TO KAUMA PARELQHI6.
'H= 'OUC "ORA*I$0 "W$ SCEDON 'HDH MESHMBRIA "ISTATAI "H DH KALOUMENH0
STAQERA: 'ALLA= PERIMEINANTE$ KAI "AMA PERI= TWN 'EIRHMENWN
DIALECQENTE$, TACA 'EPEIDAN 'APOYUCHI 'IMEN0.
SW ^ QEIO$ G' 'EI* PERI= TOU$ LOGOU$, 'W* FAIDRE, KAI 'ATECNW$
QAUMASIO$. 'OIMAI GAR 'EGW TWN 'EPI TOU* SOU2 BIOU GEGONOTWN
<P 242B>
LOGWN MHDENA PLEIOU$ 'H= SE PEPOIHKENAI GEGENHSQAI 'HTOI
'AUTON LEGONTA 'H= 'ALLOU$ "ENI GE TWI TROPWI PROSANAGKAZONTA %
SIMMIAN QHBAION 'EXAIRW0 LOGOU; TWN DE 'ALLWN PAMPOLU
KRATEI$ % KAI NU*N 'AU DOKEI$ 'AITIO$ MOI GEGENHSQAI LOGWI TINI
"RHQHNAI.
FAI ^ 'OU POLEMON GE 'AGGELLEI$. 'ALLA= PW*$ DH-KAI TI=NI
TOUTWI:
SW ^ "HNIK' 'EMELLON, 'WGAQE, TON POTAMON DIABAINEIN, TO
DAIMONION TE-KAI TO 'EIWQO$ SHMEION MOI GIGNESQAI 'EGENETO
<P 242C> %
'AEI DE ME 'EPISCEI0 "O= 'AN4 MELLW3 PRATTEIN % KAI TINA
FWNHN 'EDOXA 'AUTOQEN 'AKOUSAI0, "H=4 ME 'OUK 'EA*I0 'APIENAI PRIN 'AN4
'AFOSIWSWMAI, "W$ DH TI "HMARTHKOTA 'EI$ TO QEION. 'EIMI DH-'OUN
MANTI$ MEN, 'OU PANU DE SPOUDAIO$, 'ALL' "WSPER "OI TA
GRAMMATA FAULOI, "OSON MEN 'EMAUTWI MONON "IKANO$; SAFW$
'OUN 'HDH MANQANW0 TO "AMARTHMA. "W$ DH-TOI, 'W* "ETAIRE,
MANTIKON GE TI KAI "H YUCH; 'EME GAR 'EQRAXE MEN TI KAI
PALAI LEGONTA TON LOGON, KAI PW$ 'EDUSWPOUMHN KAT' 'IBUKON,
MH9 TI9 PARA1 QEOI$9
<P 242D>
'AMBLAKWN9 TIMAN9 PRO$9 'ANQRWPWN9 'AMEIYW942;
NU*N D' 'HISQHMAI TO "AMARTHMA.
FAI ^ LEGEI$ DE-DH TI=:
SW ^ DEINON, 'W* FAIDRE, DEINON LOGON 'AUTO$ TE 'EKOMISA$
'EME TE 'HNAGKASA$ 'EIPEIN.
FAI ^ PW*$ DH:
SW ^ 'EUHQH KAI "UPO TI 'ASEBH; "OU2 TI=$ 'AN4 'EIH DEINOTERO$:
FAI ^ 'OUDEI$, 'EI GE SU 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW ^ TI= 'OUN: TON 'ERWTA 'OUK 'AFRODITH$ KAI QEON TINA "HGHI0:
FAI ^ LEGETAI GE-DH.
SW ^ 'OU TI "UPO GE LUSIOU, 'OUDE "UPO TOU* SOU2 LOGOU, "O$4
<P 242E>
DIA= TOU* 'EMOU2 STOMATO$ KATAFARMAKEUQENTO$ "UPO SOU4 'ELECQH.
'EI D' 'ESTIN, "WSPER 'OUN 'ESTI, QEO$ 'H= TI QEION "O 'ERW$, 'OUDEN
'AN4 KAKON 'EIH, TW DE LOGW TW NUNDH PERI= 'AUTOU4 'EIPETHN "W$
TOIOUTOU 'ONTO$; TAUTHI TE-'OUN "HMARTANETHN PERI= TON 'ERWTA,
'ETI TE "H 'EUHQEIA 'AUTOIN PANU 'ASTEI=A, TO MHDEN "UGIE$ LEGONTE


<P 243A>
MHDE 'ALHQE$ SEMNUNESQAI "W$ TI 'ONTE, 'EI 'A=RA 'ANQRWPISKOU$
TINA$ 'EXAPATHSANTE 'EUDOKIMHSETON 'EN 'AUTOI$. 'EMOI4 MEN-'OUN,
'W* FILE, KAQHRASQAI 'ANAGKH; 'ESTIN DE TOI$ "AMARTANOUSI4 PERI=
MUQOLOGIAN KAQARMO$ 'ARCAIO$, "ON "OMHRO$ MEN 'OUK 'HISQETO,
STHSICORO$ DE. TWN GAR 'OMMATWN STERHQEI$ DIA= THN "ELENH$
KAKHGORIAN 'OUK 'HGNOHSEN "WSPER "OMHRO$, 'ALL' "ATE MOUSIKO$
'WN 'EGNW THN 'AITIAN, KAI POIEI0 'EUQU$ %
'OUK9 'EST'9 'ETUMO$9 LOGO$9 "OUTO$9.
'OUD'9 'EBA$9 'EN9 NHUSIN9 'EUSELMOI$9,
<P 243B>
'OUD'9 "IKEO9 PERGAMA9 TROIA$9;
KAI POIHSA$ DH PASAN THN KALOUMENHN0 PALINWIDIAN PARACRHMA
'ANEBLEYEN. 'EGW 'OUN SOFWTERO$ 'EKEINWN GENHSOMAI
KAT' 'AUTO GE TOUTO; PRIN GAR TI PAQEIN DIA= THN TOU* 'ERWTO$
KAKHGORIAN PEIRASOMAI 'AUTWI 'APODOUNAI0 THN PALINWIDIAN,
GUMNHI THI KEFALHI KAI 'OUC "WSPER TO=TE "UP' 'AISCUNH$
'EGKEKALUMMENO$.
FAI ^ TOUTWNI, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUK 'ESTIN "ATT' 'AN4 'EMOI4 'EIPE$
"HDIW.
<P 243C>
SW ^ KAI-GAR, 'WGAQE FAIDRE, 'ENNOEI$ "W$ 'ANAIDW$ 'EIRHSQON
TW LOGW, "OUTO$ TE-KAI "O 'EK TOU* BIBLIOU "RHQEI$. 'EI GAR
'AKOUWN TI$ TUCOI "HMWN GENNADA$ KAI PRA*IO$ TO 'HQO$, "ETEROU
DE TOIOUTOU 'ERWN 'H=-KAI PROTERON POTE 'ERASQEI$, LEGONTWN0
"W$ DIA= SMIKRA MEGALA$ 'ECQRA$ "OI 'ERASTAI 'ANAIROUNTAI KAI
'ECOUSI0 PRO$ TA PAIDIKA FQONERW$ TE-KAI BLABERW$, PW*$ 'OUK
'AN4 'OIEI 'AUTON "HGEISQAI 'AKOUEIN 'EN NAUTAI$ POU TEQRAMMENWN
KAI 'OUDENA 'ELEUQERON 'ERWTA "EWRAKOTWN, POLLOU D' 'AN4 DEIN
<P 243D>
"HMIN "OMOLOGEIN "A YEGOMEN TON 'ERWTA:
FAI ^ 'ISW$ NH DI=', 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ TOUTON GE-TOINUN 'EGWGE 'AISCUNOMENO$, KAI 'AUTON
TON 'ERWTA DEDIW$, 'EPIQUMW0 POTIMWI LOGWI "OION "ALMURAN
'AKOHN 'APOKLUSASQAI; SUMBOULEUW0 DE-KAI LUSIA\ "OTI2 TACISTA
GRAYAI0 "W$ CRH 'ERASTHI MALLON 'H= MH 'ERWNTI 'EK TWN "OMOIWN
CARIZESQAI.
FAI ^ 'ALL' 'EU 'ISQI "OTI4 "EXEI2 TOUQ' "OUTW; SOU4 GAR 'EIPONTO$
TON TOU* 'ERASTOU 'EPAINON, PASA 'ANAGKH LUSIAN "UP' 'EMOU4
<P 243E>
'ANAGKASQHNAI GRAYAI0 'AU PERI= TOU* 'AUTOU4 LOGON.
SW ^ TOUTO MEN PISTEUW0, "EWSPER 'AN4 'HI$ "O$4 'EI*.
FAI ^ LEGE TOINUN QARRWN.
SW ^ POU* DH MOI "O PAI$ PRO$ "ON 'ELEGON: "INA KAI TOUTO
'AKOUSHI6, KAI MH 'ANHKOO$ 'WN FQASHI6 CARISAMENO$ TW*I MH
'ERWNTI.
FAI ^ "OUTO$ PARA SOI4 MALA PLHSION 'AEI PARESTIN, "OTAN
SU BOULHI3.
SW ^ "OUTWSI TOINUN, 'W* PAI KALE, 'ENNOHSON2, "W$ "O MEN


<P 244A>
PROTERO$ 'H*N LOGO$ FAIDROU TOU* PUQOKLEOU$, MURRINOUSIOU
'ANDRO$; "ON DE MELLW0 LEGEIN, STHSICOROU TOU* 'EUFHMOU,
"IMERAIOU. LEKTEO$ DE "WDE, "OTI4 'OUK9 'EST'9 'ETUMO$9 LOGO$9 "O$4 'AN4
PARONTO$ 'ERASTOU TW*I MH 'ERWNTI MALLON FHI5 DEIN CARIZESQAI,
DIOTI DH "O MEN MAINETAI, "O DE SWFRONEI0. 'EI MEN-GAR 'H*N
"APLOUN TO MANIAN KAKON 'EINAI, KALW$ 'AN4 'ELEGETO; NU*N DE TA
MEGISTA TWN 'AGAQWN "HMIN GIGNETAI DIA= MANIA$, QEIA\ MENTOI
DOSEI DIDOMENH$. "H TE-GAR-DH 'EN DELFOI$ PROFHTI$ "AI T' 'EN
<P 244B>
DWDWNHI "IEREIAI MANEISAI MEN POLLA DH-KAI KALA 'IDIA\ TE-KAI
DHMOSIA\ THN "ELLADA 'HRGASANTO, SWFRONOUSAI DE BRACEA 'H=
'OUDEN; KAI 'EA=N DH LEGWMEN SIBULLAN TE-KAI 'ALLOU$, "OSOI
MANTIKHI CRWMENOI 'ENQEWI POLLA DH POLLOI$ PROLEGONTE$ 'EI$
TO MELLON 'WRQWSAN, MHKUNOIMEN 'AN4 DHLA PANTI LEGONTE$.
TODE MHN 'AXION 'EPIMARTURASQAI, "OTI4 KAI TWN PALAIWN "OI TA
'ONOMATA TIQEMENOI 'OUK 'AISCRON "HGOUNTO 'OUDE 'ONEIDO$ MANIAN;
<P 244C>
'OU-GAR 'AN4 THI KALLISTHI TECNHI, "HI TO MELLON KRINETAI, 'AUTO
TOUTO 'TOUNOMA 'EMPLEKONTE$ MANIKHN 'EKALESAN. 'ALL' "W$
KALOU 'ONTO$, "OTAN QEIA\ MOIRA\ GIGNHTAI, "OUTW NOMISANTE$
'EQENTO, "OI DE NU*N 'APEIROKALW$ TO TAU 'EPEMBALLONTE$
MANTIKHN 'EKALESAN. 'EPEI KAI THN GE TWN 'EMFRONWN,
ZHTHSIN TOU* MELLONTO$ DIA= TE 'ORNIQWN POIOUMENWN KAI TWN
'ALLWN SHMEIWN, "AT' 'EK DIANOIA$ PORIZOMENWN 'ANQRWPINHI
'OIHSEI NOUN TE-KAI "ISTORIAN, 'OIONOISTIKHN 'EPWNOMASAN,
<P 244D>
"HN NU*N 'OIWNISTIKHN TW*I W SEMNUNONTE$ "OI NEOI KALOUSIN0;
"OSWI DH-'OUN TELEWTERON KAI 'ENTIMOTERON MANTIKH 'OIWNISTIKH$,
TO TE 'ONOMA TOU* 'ONOMATO$ 'ERGON T' 'ERGOU, TOSWI KALLION
MARTUROUSIN0 "OI PALAIOI MANIAN SWFROSUNH$ THN 'EK QEOU TH$
PAR' 'ANQRWPWN GIGNOMENH$. 'ALLA=-MHN NOSWN GE-KAI PONWN
TWN MEGISTWN, "A DH PALAIWN9 'EK9 MHNIMATWN9 POQEN 'EN TISI
TWN GENWN "H MANIA 'EGGENOMENH KAI PROFHTEUSASA, "OI$ 'EDEI
<P 244E>
'APALLAGHN "HURETO, KATAFUGOUSA PRO$ QEWN 'EUCA$ TE-KAI
LATREIA$, "OQEN DH KAQARMWN TE-KAI TELETWN TUCOUSA 'EXANTH
'EPOIHSE TON "EAUTH$8 'ECONTA PRO$ TE TON PARONTA KAI TON
'EPEITA CRONON, LUSIN TW*I 'ORQW$ MANENTI TE-KAI KATASCOMENWI


<P 245A>
TWN PARONTWN0 KAKWN "EUROMENH. TRITH DE 'APO MOUSWN
KATOKWCH TE-KAI MANIA, LABOUSA "APALHN KAI 'ABATON YUCHN,
'EGEIROUSA KAI 'EKBAKCEUOUSA KATA TE 'WIDA$ KAI KATA THN
'ALLHN POIHSIN, MURIA TWN PALAIWN 'ERGA KOSMOUSA TOU$
'EPIGIGNOMENOU$ PAIDEUEI0; "O$4 D' 'AN4 'ANEU MANIA$ MOUSWN 'EPI
POIHTIKA$ QURA$ 'AFIKHTAI, PEISQEI$ "W$ 'A=RA 'EK TECNH$ "IKANO$
POIHTH$ 'ESOMENO$, 'ATELH$ 'AUTO$ TE-KAI "H POIHSI$ "UPO TH$
TWN MAINOMENWN "H TOU* SWFRONOUNTO$ 'HFANISQH.
<P 245B>
TOSAUTA MEN SOI4 KAI 'ETI PLEIW 'ECW0 MANIA$ GIGNOMENH$
'APO QEWN LEGEIN KALA 'ERGA. "WSTE TOUTO GE 'AUTO MH FOBWMEQA,
MHDE TI$ "HMA$ LOGO$ QORUBEITW DEDITTOMENO$ "W$ PRO
TOU* KEKINHMENOU TON SWFRONA DEI PROAIREISQAI FILON; 'ALLA=
TODE PRO$ 'EKEINWI DEIXA$ FERESQW TA NIKHTHRIA, "W$ 'OUK 'EP'
'WFELIA\ "O 'ERW$ TW*I 'ERWNTI KAI TW*I 'ERWMENWI 'EK QEWN 'EPIPEMPETAI.
"HMIN DE 'APODEIKTEON 'AU 'TOUNANTION, "W$ 'EP' 'EUTUCIA\ THI MEGISTHI
<P 245C>
PARA QEWN "H TOIAUTH MANIA DIDOTAI; "H DE-DH 'APODEIXI$ 'ESTAI
DEINOI$ MEN 'APISTO$, SOFOI$ DE PISTH. DEI 'OUN PRWTON YUCH$
FUSEW$ PE=RI QEIA$ TE-KAI 'ANQRWPINH$ 'IDONTA PAQH TE-KAI
'ERGA 'TALHQE$ NOHSAI0; 'ARCH DE 'APODEIXEW$ "HDE.
YUCH PASA 'AQANATO$. TO GAR 'AEIKINHTON 'AQANATON; TO
D' 'ALLO KINOUN KAI "UP' 'ALLOU KINOUMENON, PAULAN 'ECON
KINHSEW$, PAULAN 'ECEI0 ZWH$. MONON DH TO "AUTO KINOUN, "ATE
'OUK 'APOLEIPON "EAUTO, 'OUPOTE LHGEI0 KINOUMENON, 'ALLA=-KAI
TOI$ 'ALLOI$ "OSA KINEITAI TOUTO PHGH KAI 'ARCH KINHSEW$.
<P 245D>
'ARCH DE 'AGENHTON. 'EX 'ARCH$ GAR 'ANAGKH PAN TO GIGNOMENON
GIGNESQAI, 'AUTHN DE-MHD' 'EX "ENO$; 'EI GAR 'EK TOU 'ARCH
GIGNOITO, 'OUK 'AN4 'ETI 'ARCH GIGNOITO. 'EPEIDH DE 'AGENHTON
'ESTIN, KAI 'ADIAFQORON 'AUTO 'ANAGKH 'EINAI. 'ARCH$ GAR-DH
'APOLOMENH$ 'OUTE 'AUTH POTE 'EK TOU 'OUTE 'ALLO 'EX 'EKEINH$
GENHSETAI, 'EIPER 'EX 'ARCH$ DEI TA PANTA GIGNESQAI. "OUTW
DH KINHSEW$ MEN 'ARCH TO 'AUTO "AUTO KINOUN. TOUTO DE-'OUT'
'APOLLUSQAI 'OUTE GIGNESQAI DUNATON, 'H= PANTA TE 'OURANON
<P 245E>
PASAN TE GHN 'EI$ "EN SUMPESOUSAN STHNAI0 KAI MHPOTE 'AUQI$
'ECEIN "OQEN KINHQENTA GENHSETAI. 'AQANATOU DE PEFASMENOU
TOU* "UF' "EAUTOU KINOUMENOU, YUCH$ 'OUSIAN TE-KAI LOGON
TOUTON 'AUTON TI$ LEGWN 'OUK 'AISCUNEITAI. PAN GAR SWMA,
"WI MEN 'EXWQEN TO KINEISQAI, 'AYUCON, "WI DE 'ENDOQEN 'AUTWI
'EX "AUTOU, 'EMYUCON, "W$ TAUTH$ 'OUSH$ FUSEW$ YUCH$; 'EI
D' 'ESTIN TOUTO "OUTW$ 'ECON, MH 'ALLO TI 'EINAI TO 'AUTO "EAUTO


<P 246A>
KINOUN 'H= YUCHN, 'EX 'ANAGKH$ 'AGENHTON TE-KAI 'AQANATON YUCH
'AN4 'EIH.
PERI= MEN-'OUN 'AQANASIA$ 'AUTH$ "IKANW$; PERI= DE TH$ 'IDEA$
'AUTH$ "WDE LEKTEON. "OION MEN 'ESTI, PANTHI PANTW$ QEIA$
'EINAI KAI MAKRA$ DIHGHSEW$, "WI DE 'EOIKEN0, 'ANQRWPINH$ TE-KAI
'ELATTONO$; TAUTHI 'OUN LEGWMEN. 'EOIKETW DH SUMFUTWI
DUNAMEI "UPOPTEROU ZEUGOU$ TE-KAI "HNIOCOU. QEWN MEN-'OUN
"IPPOI TE-KAI "HNIOCOI PANTE$ 'AUTOI TE 'AGAQOI KAI 'EX 'AGAQWN,
<P 246B>
TO DE TWN 'ALLWN MEMEIKTAI. KAI PRWTON MEN "HMWN "O 'ARCWN
SUNWRIDO$ "HNIOCEI0, 'EITA TWN "IPPWN "O MEN 'AUTWI KALO$ TE-KAI
'AGAQO$ KAI 'EK TOIOUTWN, "O D' 'EX 'ENANTIWN TE-KAI 'ENANTIO$;
CALEPH DH-KAI DUSKOLO$ 'EX 'ANAGKH$ "H PERI= "HMA$ "HNIOCHSI$.
PH*I DH-'OUN QNHTON TE-KAI 'AQANATON ZWION 'EKLHQH PEIRATEON
'EIPEIN. YUCH PASA PANTO$ 'EPIMELEITAI TOU* 'AYUCOU, PANTA DE
'OURANON PERIPOLEI0, 'ALLOT' 'EN 'ALLOI$ 'EIDESI GIGNOMENH. TELE=A
<P 246C>
MEN-'OUN 'OUSA KAI 'EPTERWMENH METEWROPOREI0 TE-KAI PANTA
TON KOSMON DIOIKEI0, "H DE PTERORRUHSASA FERETAI "EW$ 'AN4
STEREOU TINO$ 'ANTILABHTAI, "OU4 KATOIKISQEISA, SWMA GHINON
LABOUSA, 'AUTO "AUTO DOKOUN KINEIN DIA= THN 'EKEINH$ DUNAMIN,
ZWION TO SUMPAN 'EKLHQH, YUCH KAI SWMA PAGEN, QNHTON T'
'ESCEN 'EPWNUMIAN; 'AQANATON DE-'OUD' 'EX "ENO$ LOGOU LELOGISMENOU,
'ALLA= PLATTOMEN 'OUTE 'IDONTE$ 'OUTE "IKANW$ NOHSANTE$
<P 246D>
QEON, 'AQANATON TI ZWION, 'ECON MEN YUCHN, 'ECON DE SWMA, TON
'AEI DE CRONON TAUTA SUMPEFUKOTA. 'ALLA= TAUTA MEN-DH,
"OPHI TW*I QEWI FILON, TAUTHI 'ECETW TE-KAI LEGESQW; THN DE
'AITIAN TH$ TWN PTERWN 'APOBOLH$, DI' "HN YUCH$ 'APORREI0,
LABWMEN. 'ESTI DE TI$ TOIADE.
PEFUKEN0 "H PTEROU DUNAMI$ TO 'EMBRIQE$ 'AGEIN 'ANW METEWRIZOUSA
"HI TO TWN QEWN GENO$ 'OIKEI0, KEKOINWNHKE0 DE PHI
MALISTA TWN PERI= TO SWMA TOU* QEIOU YUCH8, TO DE QEION
<P 246E>
KALON, SOFON, 'AGAQON, KAI PAN "OTI2 TOIOUTON; TOUTOI$ DH
TREFETAI TE-KAI 'AUXETAI MALISTA GE TO TH$ YUCH$ PTERWMA,
'AISCRWI DE-KAI KAKWI KAI TOI$ 'ENANTIOI$ FQINEI0 TE-KAI DIOLLUTAI.
"O MEN-DH MEGA$ "HGEMWN 'EN 'OURANWI ZEU$, 'ELAUNWN
PTHNON "ARMA, PRWTO$ POREUETAI, DIAKOSMWN PANTA KAI 'EPIMELOUMENO$;
TW*I D' "EPETAI STRATIA QEWN TE-KAI DAIMONWN,


<P 247A>
KATA "ENDEKA MERH KEKOSMHMENH. MENEI0 GAR "ESTIA 'EN QEWN
'OIKWI MONH; TWN DE 'ALLWN "OSOI 'EN TW*I TWN DWDEKA 'ARIQMWI
TETAGMENOI QEOI 'ARCONTE$ "HGOUNTAI KATA TAXIN "HN "EKASTO$
'ETACQH. POLLAI MEN-'OUN-KAI MAKARIAI QEAI TE-KAI DIEXODOI
'ENTO$ 'OURANOU, "A$ QEWN GENO$ 'EUDAIMONWN 'EPISTREFETAI
PRATTWN "EKASTO$ 'AUTWN TO "AUTOU, "EPETAI DE "O 'AEI 'EQELWN
TE-KAI DUNAMENO$; FQONO$ GAR 'EXW QEIOU COROU "ISTATAI.
"OTAN DE-DH PRO$ DAITA KAI 'EPI QOINHN 'IWSIN, 'AKRAN 'EPI THN
<P 247B>
"UPOURANION "AYIDA POREUONTAI PRO$ 'ANANTE$, "HI DH TA MEN QEWN
'OCHMATA 'ISORROPW$ 'EUH=NIA 'ONTA "RA\DIW$ POREUETAI, TA DE
'A=LLA MOGI$; BRIQEI0 GAR "O TH$ KAKH$ "IPPO$ METECWN, 'EPI
THN GHN "REPWN TE-KAI BARUNWN "WI MH KALW$ 'H*N-TEQRAMMENO$
TWN "HNIOCWN. 'ENQA DH PONO$ TE-KAI 'AGWN 'ESCATO$ YUCHI
PROKEITAI. "AI MEN-GAR 'AQANATOI KALOUMENAI0, "HNIK' 'AN4 PRO$
'AKRWI GENWNTAI, 'EXW POREUQEISAI 'ESTHSAN 'EPI TW*I TOU* 'OURANOU
<P 247C>
NWTWI, STASA$ DE 'AUTA$ PERIAGEI0 "H PERIFORA, "AI DE QEWROUSI0
TA 'EXW TOU* 'OURANOU.
TON DE "UPEROURANION TOPON 'OUTE TI$ "UMNHSE PW TWN THIDE
POIHTH$ 'OUTE POTE "UMNHSEI2 KAT' 'AXIAN. 'ECEI0 DE "WDE % TOLMHTEON
GAR-'OUN TO GE 'ALHQE$ 'EIPEIN, 'ALLW$ TE KAI PERI= 'ALHQEIA$
LEGONTA % "H GAR 'ACRWMATO$ TE-KAI 'ASCHMATISTO$ KAI
'ANAFH$ 'OUSIA 'ONTW$ 'OUSA, YUCH$ KUBERNHTHI MONWI QEATH
NWI, PERI= "HN TO TH$ 'ALHQOU$ 'EPISTHMH$ GENO$, TOUTON 'ECEI0
<P 247D>
TON TOPON. "AT' 'OUN QEOU DIANOIA NWI TE-KAI 'EPISTHMHI 'AKHRATWI
TREFOMENH, KAI "APASH$ YUCH$ "OSHI 'AN4 MELHI5 TO
PROSHKON0 DEXASQAI, 'IDOUSA DIA= CRONOU TO 'ON 'AGAPA*I0 TE-KAI
QEWROUSA 'TALHQH TREFETAI KAI 'EUPAQEI0, "EW$ 'AN4 KUKLWI "H
PERIFORA 'EI$ 'TAUTON PERIENEGKHI6. 'EN DE THI PERIODWI KAQORA*I0
MEN 'AUTHN DIKAIOSUNHN, KAQORA*I0 DE SWFROSUNHN, KAQORA*I0 DE
'EPISTHMHN, 'OUC "HI GENESI$ PROSESTIN, 'OUD' "H= 'ESTIN POU "ETE=RA
<P 247E>
'EN "ETERWI 'OUSA "WN "HMEI$ NU*N 'ONTWN0 KALOUMEN0, 'ALLA= THN 'EN
TW*I "O= 'ESTIN 'ON 'ONTW$ 'EPISTHMHN 'OUSAN; KAI 'TALLA "WSAUTW$
TA 'ONTA 'ONTW$ QEASAMENH KAI "ESTIAQEISA, DUSA PALIN 'EI$
TO 'EISW TOU* 'OURANOU, 'OIKADE 'HLQEN. 'ELQOUSH$ DE 'AUTH$ "O
"HNIOCO$ PRO$ THN FATNHN TOU$ "IPPOU$ STHSA$ PAREBALEN
'AMBROSIAN TE-KAI 'EP' 'AUTHI NEKTAR 'EPOTISEN.


<P 248A>
KAI "OUTO$ MEN QEWN BIO$; "AI DE 'ALLAI YUCAI, "H MEN
'ARISTA QEWI "EPOMENH KAI 'EIKASMENH "UPERHREN 'EI$ TON 'EXW
TOPON THN TOU* "HNIOCOU KEFALHN, KAI SUMPERIHNECQH THN
PERIFORAN, QORUBOUMENH "UPO TWN "IPPWN KAI MOGI$ KAQORWSA
TA 'ONTA; "H DE TOTE= MEN 'HREN, TOTE= D' 'EDU, BIAZOMENWN DE TWN
"IPPWN TA MEN 'EIDEN, TA D' 'OU=. "AI DE-DH 'ALLAI GLICOMENAI
MEN "APASAI TOU* 'ANW "EPONTAI, 'ADUNATOUSAI DE, "UPOBRUCIAI
SUMPERIFERONTAI, PATOUSAI 'ALLHLA$ KAI 'EPIBALLOUSAI, "ETE=RA
<P 248B>
PRO TH$ "ETERA$ PEIRWMENH GENESQAI. QORUBO$ 'OUN-KAI
"AMILLA KAI "IDRW$ 'ESCATO$ GIGNETAI, "OU4 DH KAKIA\ "HNIOCWN
POLLAI MEN CWLEUONTAI, POLLAI DE POLLA PTERA QRAUONTAI;
PASAI DE POLUN 'ECOUSAI PONON 'ATELEI$ TH$ TOU* 'ONTO$ QEA$
'APERCONTAI, KAI 'APELQOUSAI TROFHI DOXASTHI CRWNTAI0. "OU2
D' "ENEC' "H POLLH SPOUDH TO 'ALHQEIA$ 'IDEIN PEDION "OU4 'ESTIN,
"H TE-DH PROSHKOUSA YUCH$ TW*I 'ARISTWI NOMH 'EK TOU* 'EKEI
<P 248C>
LEIMWNO$ TUGCANEI0 'OUSA, "H TE TOU* PTEROU FUSI$, "WI YUCH
KOUFIZETAI, TOUTWI TREFETAI. QESMO$ TE 'ADRASTEIA$ "ODE.
"HTI$ 'AN4 YUCH QEWI SUNOPADO$ GENOMENH KATIDHI6 TI TWN 'ALHQWN,
MECRI TE TH$ "ETERA$ PERIODOU 'EINAI 'APHMONA, 'KAN2 'AEI
TOUTO DUNHTAI POIEIN, 'AEI 'ABLABH 'EINAI; "OTAN DE 'ADUNATHSASA
'EPISPESQAI MH 'IDHI6, KAI TINI SUNTUCIA\ CRHSAMENH
LHQH$ TE-KAI KAKIA$ PLHSQEISA BARUNQHI, BARUNQEISA DE
PTERORRUHSHI6 TE-KAI 'EPI THN GHN PESHI6, TO=TE NOMO$ TAUTHN
<P 248D>
MH FUTEUSAI0 'EI$ MHDEMIAN QHREION FUSIN 'EN THI PRWTHI
GENESEI, 'ALLA= THN MEN PLEISTA 'IDOUSAN 'EI$ GONHN 'ANDRO$
GENHSOMENOU FILOSOFOU 'H= FILOKALOU 'H= MOUSIKOU TINO$ KAI
'ERWTIKOU, THN DE DEUTERAN 'EI$ BASILEW$ 'ENNOMOU 'H= POLEMIKOU
KAI 'ARCIKOU, TRITHN 'EI$ POLITIKOU 'H= TINO$ 'OIKONOMIKOU 'H=
CRHMATISTIKOU, TETARTHN 'EI$ FILOPONOU 'H=7 GUMNASTIKOU 'H=
PERI= SWMATO$ 'IASIN TINO$ 'ESOMENOU, PEMPTHN MANTIKON BION
<P 248E>
'H= TINA TELESTIKON "EXOUSAN; "EKTHI POIHTIKO$ 'H= TWN PERI=
MIMHSIN TI$ 'ALLO$ "ARMOSEI2, "EBDOMHI DHMIOURGIKO$ 'H= GEWRGIKO$,
'OGDOHI SOFISTIKO$ 'H= DHMOKOPIKO$, 'ENATHI TURANNIKO$. 'EN DH
TOUTOI$ "APASIN "O$4 MEN 'AN4 DIKAIW$ DIAGAGHI6 'AMEINONO$ MOIRA$
METALAMBANEI0, "O$4 D' 'AN4 'ADIKW$, CEIRONO$; 'EI$ MEN-GAR TO
'AUTO "OQEN "HKEI0 "H YUCH "EKASTH 'OUK 'AFIKNEITAI 'ETWN MURIWN %


<P 249A>
'OU-GAR PTEROUTAI PRO TOSOUTOU CRONOU % PLHN "H TOU* FILOSOFHSANTO$
'ADOLW$ 'H= PAIDERASTHSANTO$ META FILOSOFIA$,
"AUTAI DE TRITHI PERIODWI THI CILIETEI, 'EA=N "ELWNTAI TRI$ 'EFEXH$
TON BION TOUTON, "OUTW PTERWQEISAI TRISCILIOSTWI 'ETEI 'APERCONTAI.
"AI DE 'ALLAI, "OTAN TON PRWTON BION TELEUTHSWSIN,
KRISEW$ 'ETUCON, KRIQEISAI DE "AI MEN 'EI$ TA "UPO GH$ DIKAIWTHRIA
'ELQOUSAI DIKHN 'EKTINOUSIN0, "AI D' 'EI$ 'TOURANOU TINA
TOPON "UPO TH$ DIKH$ KOUFISQEISAI DIAGOUSIN0 'AXIW$ "OU2 'EN
<P 249B>
'ANQRWPOU 'EIDEI 'EBIWSAN BIOU. TW*I DE CILIOSTWI 'AMFOTERAI
'AFIKNOUMENAI 'EPI KLHRWSIN TE-KAI "AIRESIN TOU* DEUTEROU
BIOU "AIROUNTAI "ON 'AN4 QELHI5 "EKASTH; 'ENQA KAI 'EI$ QHRIOU
BION 'ANQRWPINH YUCH 'AFIKNEITAI, KAI 'EK QHRIOU "O$4 POTE
'ANQRWPO$ 'H*N PALIN 'EI$ 'ANQRWPON. 'OU-GAR "H GE MHPOTE
'IDOUSA THN 'ALHQEIAN 'EI$ TODE "HXEI2 TO SCHMA. DEI GAR 'ANQRWPON
SUNIENAI KAT' 'EIDO$ LEGOMENON, 'EK POLLWN 'ION 'AISQHSEWN
<P 249C>
'EI$ "EN LOGISMWI SUNAIROUMENON; TOUTO D' 'ESTIN
'ANAMNHSI$ 'EKEINWN "A POT' 'EIDEN "HMWN "H YUCH SUMPOREUQEISA
QEWI KAI "UPERIDOUSA "A NU*N 'EINAI FAMEN, KAI 'ANAKUYASA 'EI$
TO 'ON 'ONTW$. DIO DH DIKAIW$ MONH PTEROUTAI "H TOU* FILOSOFOU
DIANOIA; PRO$ GAR 'EKEINOI$ 'AEI 'ESTIN MNHMHI KATA DUNAMIN,
PRO$ "OISPER QEO$ 'WN QEIO$ 'ESTIN. TOI$ DE-DH TOIOUTOI$ 'ANHR
"UPOMNHMASIN 'ORQW$ CRWMENO$, TELEOU$ 'AEI TELETA$ TELOUMENO$0,
TELEO$ 'ONTW$ MONO$ GIGNETAI; 'EXISTAMENO$ DE TWN
<P 249D>
'ANQRWPINWN SPOUDASMATWN KAI PRO$ TW*I QEIWI GIGNOMENO$,
NOUQETEITAI MEN "UPO TWN POLLWN "W$ PARAKINWN, 'ENQOUSIAZWN
DE LELHQEN0 TOU$ POLLOU$.
'ESTI DH-'OUN DEURO "O PA$ "HKWN LOGO$ PERI= TH$ TETARTH$
MANIA$ % "HN "OTAN TO THIDE TI$ "ORWN KALLO$, TOU* 'ALHQOU$
'ANAMIMNHISKOMENO$, PTERWTAI TE-KAI 'ANAPTEROUMENO$ PROQUMOUMENO$
'ANAPTESQAI, 'ADUNATWN DE, 'ORNIQO$ DIKHN BLEPWN
'ANW, TWN KATW DE 'AMELWN, 'AITIAN 'ECEI0 "W$ MANIKW$ DIAKEIMENO$ %
<P 249E>
"W$ 'A=RA "AU=TH PASWN TWN 'ENQOUSIASEWN 'ARISTH TE-KAI
'EX 'ARISTWN TW*I TE 'ECONTI KAI TW*I KOINWNOUNTI 'AUTH$
GIGNETAI, KAI "OTI4 TAUTH$ METECWN TH$ MANIA$ "O 'ERWN TWN
KALWN 'ERASTH$ KALEITAI0. KAQAPER GAR 'EIRHTAI, PASA MEN
'ANQRWPOU YUCH FUSEI TEQEATAI TA 'ONTA 'H= 'OUK 'AN4 'HLQEN


<P 250A>
'EI$ TODE TO ZWION; 'ANAMIMNHISKESQAI DE 'EK TWNDE 'EKEINA 'OU
"RA\DION "APASHI, 'OUTE "OSAI BRACEW$ 'EIDON TO=TE 'TAKEI, 'OUQ' "AI=4
DEURO PESOUSAI 'EDUSTUCHSAN, "WSTE "UPO TINWN "OMILIWN 'EPI
TO 'ADIKON TRAPOMENAI LHQHN "WN TO=TE 'EIDON "IERWN 'ECEIN.
'OLIGAI DH LEIPONTAI "AI$ TO TH$ MNHMH$ "IKANW$ PARESTIN;
"AUTAI DE, "OTAN TI TWN 'EKEI "OMOIWMA 'IDWSIN, 'EKPLHTTONTAI
KAI 'OUKET' 'EN7 "AUTWN GIGNONTAI, "O= D' 'ESTI TO PAQO$ 'AGNOOUSI0
<P 250B>
DIA= TO MH "IKANW$ DIAISQANESQAI. DIKAIOSUNH$ MEN-'OUN
KAI SWFROSUNH$ KAI "OSA 'A=LLA TI=MIA YUCAI$ 'OUK 'ENESTI
FEGGO$ 'OUDEN 'EN TOI$ THIDE "OMOIWMASIN, 'ALLA= DI' 'AMUDRWN
'ORGANWN MOGI$ 'AUTWN KAI 'OLIGOI 'EPI TA$ 'EIKONA$ 'IONTE$
QEWNTAI0 TO TOU* 'EIKASQENTO$ GENO$; KALLO$ DE TO=T' 'H*N 'IDEIN
LAMPRON, "OTE SUN 'EUDAIMONI CORWI MAKARIAN 'OYIN TE-KAI
QEAN, "EPOMENOI META MEN DIO$ "HMEI$, 'ALLOI DE MET' 'ALLOU
QEWN, 'EIDON TE-KAI 'ETELOUNTO TWN TELETWN "HN QEMI$ LEGEIN
<P 250C>
MAKARIWTATHN, "HN 'WRGIAZOMEN "OLOKLHROI MEN 'AUTOI 'ONTE$ KAI
'APAQEI$ KAKWN "OSA "HMA$ 'EN "USTERWI CRONWI "UPEMENEN, "OLOKLHRA
DE-KAI "APLA KAI 'ATREMH KAI 'EUDAIMONA FASMATA
MUOUMENOI TE-KAI 'EPOPTEUONTE$ 'EN 'AUGHI KAQARA*I, KAQAROI
'ONTE$ KAI 'ASHMANTOI TOUTOU "O= NU*N DH SWMA PERIFERONTE$
'ONOMAZOMEN, 'OSTREOU TROPON DEDESMEUMENOI.
TAUTA MEN-'OUN MNHMHI KECARISQW, DI' "HN POQWI TWN TO=TE
NU*N MAKRO=TERA 'EIRHTAI; PERI= DE KALLOU$, "WSPER 'EIPOMEN,
<P 250D>
MET' 'EKEINWN TE 'ELAMPEN 'ON, DEURO T' 'ELQONTE$ KATEILHFAMEN
'AUTO DIA= TH$ 'ENARGESTATH$ 'AISQHSEW$ TWN "HMETERWN STILBON
'ENARGESTATA. 'OYI$ GAR "HMIN 'OXUTATH TWN DIA= TOU* SWMATO$
'ERCETAI 'AISQHSEWN, "HI FRONHSI$ 'OUC "ORATAI0 % DEINOU$ GAR 'AN4
PAREICEN 'ERWTA$, 'EI TI TOIOUTON "EAUTH$ 'ENARGE$ 'EIDWLON
PAREICETO 'EI$ 'OYIN 'ION % KAI 'TALLA "OSA 'ERASTA; NU*N DE
KALLO$ MONON TAUTHN 'ESCE MOIRAN, "WST' 'EKFANESTATON 'EINAI
<P 250E>
KAI 'ERASMIWTATON. "O MEN-'OUN MH NEOTELH$ 'H= DIEFQARMENO$
'OUK 'OXEW$ 'ENQENDE 'EKEISE FERETAI PRO$ 'AUTO TO KALLO$,
QEWMENO$ 'AUTOU4 THN THIDE 'EPWNUMIAN, "WST' 'OU SEBETAI PROSORWN,
'ALL' "HDONHI PARADOU$ TETRAPODO$ NOMON BAINEIN
'EPICEIREI0 KAI PAIDOSPOREIN, KAI "UBREI PROSOMILWN 'OU DEDOIKEN0


<P 251A>
'OUD' 'AISCUNETAI PARA FUSIN "HDONHN DIWKWN; "O DE
'ARTITELH$, "O TWN TO=TE POLUQEAMWN, "OTAN QEOEIDE$ PROSWPON
'IDHI6 KALLO$ 'EU MEMIMHMENON 'H= TINA SWMATO$ 'IDEAN, PRWTON
MEN 'EFRIXE KAI TI TWN TO=TE "UPHLQEN 'AUTON DEIMATWN, 'EITA
PROSORWN "W$ QEON SEBETAI, KAI 'EI MH 'EDEDIEI THN TH$ SFO=DRA
MANIA$ DOXAN, QUOI 'AN4 "W$ 'AGALMATI KAI QEWI TOI$ PAIDIKOI$.
'IDONTA D' 'AUTON "OION 'EK TH$ FRIKH$ METABOLH TE-KAI
<P 251B>
"IDRW$ KAI QERMOTH$ 'AHQH$ LAMBANEI0; DEXAMENO$ GAR TOU*
KALLOU$ THN 'APORROHN DIA= TWN 'OMMATWN 'EQERMANQH "HI "H
TOU* PTEROU FUSI$ 'ARDETAI, QERMANQENTO$ DE 'ETAKH TA PERI=
THN 'EKFUSIN, "A PALAI "UPO SKLHROTHTO$ SUMMEMUKOTA 'EIRGE
MH BLASTANEIN, 'EPIRRUEISH$ DE TH$ TROFH$ 'WIDHSE TE-KAI
"WRMHSE FUESQAI 'APO TH$ "RIZH$ "O TOU* PTEROU KAULO$ "UPO
PAN TO TH$ YUCH$ 'EIDO$; PASA GAR 'H*N TO PALAI PTERWTH.
<P 251C>
ZEI0 'OUN 'EN TOUTWI "OLH KAI 'ANAKHKIEI0, KAI "OPER TO TWN 'ODONTOFUOUNTWN0
PAQO$ PERI= TOU$ 'ODONTA$ GIGNETAI "OTAN 'ARTI
FUWSIN, KNHSI$ TE-KAI 'AGANAKTHSI$ PERI= TA 'OULA, 'TAUTON
DH PEPONQEN0 "H TOU* PTEROFUEIN 'ARCOMENOU YUCH; ZEI0 TE-KAI
'AGANAKTEI0 KAI GARGALIZETAI FUOUSA TA PTERA. "OTAN MEN-'OUN
BLEPOUSA PRO$ TO TOU* PAIDO$ KALLO$, 'EKEIQEN MERH 'EPIONTA
KAI "REONT' % "A DH DIA= TAUTA "IMERO$ KALEITAI0 % DECOMENH
TON8 "IMERON8 'ARDHTAI TE-KAI QERMAINHTAI, LWFA*I0 TE TH$ 'ODUNH$
<P 251D>
KAI GEGHQEN0; "OTAN DE CWRI$ GENHTAI KAI 'AUCMHSHI6, TA TWN
DIEXODWN STOMATA "HI TO PTERON "ORMA*I0, SUNAUAINOMENA MUSANTA
'APOKLHIEI0 THN BLASTHN TOU* PTEROU, "H D' 'ENTO$ META TOU*
"IMEROU 'APOKEKLHIMENH, PHDWSA "OION TA SFUZONTA, THI DIEXODWI
'EGCRIEI0 "EKASTH THI KAQ' "AUTHN, "WSTE PASA KENTOUMENH KUKLWI
"H YUCH 'OISTRA*I0 KAI 'ODUNATAI0, MNHMHN D' 'AU 'ECOUSA TOU*
KALOU GEGHQEN0. 'EK DE 'AMFOTERWN MEMEIGMENWN 'ADHMONEI0 TE
THI 'ATOPIA\ TOU* PAQOU$ KAI 'APOROUSA LUTTA*I0, KAI 'EMMANH$
<P 251E>
'OUSA 'OUTE NUKTO$ DUNATAI KAQEUDEIN 'OUTE MEQ' "HMERAN "OU4 'AN4
'HI MENEIN0, QEI0 DE POQOUSA "OPOU 'AN4 'OIHTAI 'OYESQAI TON 'ECONTA
TO KALLO$; 'IDOUSA DE-KAI 'EPOCETEUSAMENH "IMERON 'ELUSE MEN
TA TO=TE SUMPEFRAGMENA, 'ANAPNOHN DE LABOUSA KENTRWN TE-KAI
'WDINWN 'ELHXEN, "HDONHN D' 'AU TAUTHN GLUKUTATHN 'EN TW*I


<P 252A>
PARONTI KARPOUTAI. "OQEN DH "EKOUSA 'EINAI 'OUK 'APOLEIPETAI,
'OUDE TINA TOU* KALOU PERI= PLEIONO$ POIEITAI, 'ALLA= MHTERWN
TE-KAI 'ADELFWN KAI "ETAIRWN PANTWN LELHSTAI, KAI 'OUSIA$
DI' 'AMELEIAN 'APOLLUMENH$ PAR' 'OUDEN TIQETAI, NOMIMWN DE-KAI
'EUSCHMONWN, "OI$ PRO TOU* 'EKALLWPIZETO, PANTWN KATAFRONHSASA
DOULEUEIN "ETOIMH KAI KOIMASQAI "OPOU 'AN4 'EA*I2 TI$
'EGGUTATW TOU* POQOU; PRO$ GAR TW*I SEBESQAI TON TO KALLO$
<P 252B>
'ECONTA 'IATRON "HURHKE0 MONON TWN MEGISTWN PONWN. TOUTO
DE TO PAQO$, 'W* PAI KALE, PRO$ "ON DH MOI "O LOGO$, 'ANQRWPOI
MEN 'ERWTA 'ONOMAZOUSIN0, QEOI DE "O= KALOUSIN0 'AKOUSA$ 'EIKOTW$
DIA= NEOTHTA GELASHI2. LEGOUSI0 DE 'OIMAI TINE$ "OMHRIDWN 'EK
TWN 'APOQETWN 'EPWN DUO 'EPH 'EI$ TON 'ERWTA, "WN TO "ETERON
"UBRISTIKON PANU KAI 'OU SFO=DRA TI 'EMMETRON; "UMNOUSI0 DE
"WDE %
TON1 D'1-'HTOI1 QNHTOI1 MEN1 'ERWTA1 KALOUSI10 POTHNON1,
'AQANATOI1 DE1 PTERWTA1, DIA=1 PTEROFUTOR'1 'ANAGKHN1.
<P 252C>
TOUTOI$ DH 'EXESTI MEN PEIQESQAI, 'EXESTIN DE MH; "OMW$ DE "H
GE 'AITIA KAI TO PAQO$ TWN 'ERWNTWN0 TOUTO 'EKEINO TUGCANEI0 'ON.
TWN MEN-'OUN DIO$ 'OPADWN "O LHFQEI$ 'EMBRIQESTERON
DUNATAI FEREIN TO TOU* PTERWNUMOU 'ACQO$; "OSOI DE 'AREW$
TE QERAPEUTAI KAI MET' 'EKEINOU PERIEPOLOUN, "OTAN "UP'
'ERWTO$ "ALWSI KAI TI 'OIHQWSIN 'ADIKEISQAI "UPO TOU* 'ERWMENOU,
FONIKOI KAI "ETOIMOI KAQIEREUEIN "AUTOU$ TE-KAI TA PAIDIKA.
<P 252D>
KAI "OUTW KAQ' "EKASTON QEON, "OU2 "EKASTO$ 'H*N COREUTH$, 'EKEINON
TIMWN TE-KAI MIMOUMENO$ 'EI$ TO DUNATON ZHI0, "EW$ 'AN4 'HI
'ADIAFQORO$ KAI THN THIDE PRWTHN GENESIN BIOTEUHI5, KAI
TOUTWI TW*I TROPWI PRO$ TE TOU$ 'ERWMENOU$ KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$
"OMILEI0 TE-KAI PROSFERETAI. TON TE-'OUN 'ERWTA TWN KALWN
PRO$ TROPOU 'EKLEGETAI "EKASTO$, KAI "W$ QEON 'AUTON 'EKEINON
'ONTA "EAUTWI "OION 'AGALMA TEKTAINETAI TE-KAI KATAKOSMEI0, "W$
<P 252E>
TIMHSWN TE-KAI 'ORGIASWN. "OI MEN-DH-'OUN DIO$ DION TINA
'EINAI ZHTOUSI0 THN YUCHN TON "UF' "AUTWN 'ERWMENON; SKOPOUSIN0
'OUN 'EI FILOSOFO$ TE-KAI "HGEMONIKO$ THN FUSIN, KAI
"OTAN 'AUTON "EURONTE$ 'ERASQWSI, PAN POIOUSIN0 "OPW$ TOIOUTO$
'ESTAI. 'EA=N 'OUN MH PROTERON 'EMBEBWSI TW*I 'EPITHDEUMATI,
TO=TE 'EPICEIRHSANTE$ MANQANOUSI0 TE "OQEN 'AN4 TI DUNWNTAI KAI
'AUTOI METERCONTAI, 'ICNEUONTE$ DE PAR' "EAUTWN 'ANEURISKEIN


<P 253A>
THN TOU* SFETEROU QEOU FUSIN 'EUPOROUSI0 DIA= TO SUNTONW$
'HNAGKASQAI PRO$ TON QEON BLEPEIN, KAI 'EFAPTOMENOI 'AUTOU4
THI MNHMHI 'ENQOUSIWNTE$ 'EX 'EKEINOU LAMBANOUSI0 TA 'EQH KAI
TA 'EPITHDEUMATA, KAQ' "OSON DUNATON QEOU 'ANQRWPWI METASCEIN;
KAI TOUTWN DH TON 'ERWMENON 'AITIWMENOI 'ETI TE MALLON
'AGAPWSI0, 'KAN2 'EK DIO$ 'ARUTWSIN "WSPER "AI BAKCAI, 'EPI THN
TOU* 'ERWMENOU YUCHN 'EPANTLOUNTE$ POIOUSIN0 "W$ DUNATON
<P 253B>
"OMOIOTATON TW*I SFETERWI QEWI. "OSOI D' 'AU MEQ' "HRA$ "EIPONTO,
BASILIKON ZHTOUSI0, KAI "EURONTE$ PERI= TOUTON PANTA DRWSIN0
TA 'AUTA. "OI DE 'APOLLWNO$ TE-KAI "EKASTOU TWN QEWN "OUTW
KATA TON QEON 'IONTE$ ZHTOUSI0 TON SFETERON PAIDA PEFUKENAI,
KAI "OTAN KTHSWNTAI, MIMOUMENOI 'AUTOI TE-KAI TA PAIDIKA
PEIQONTE$ KAI "RUQMIZONTE$ 'EI$ TO 'EKEINOU 'EPITHDEUMA KAI
'IDEAN 'AGOUSIN0, "OSH "EKASTWI DUNAMI$, 'OU FQONWI 'OUD' 'ANELEUQERWI
DUSMENEIA\ CRWMENOI PRO$ TA PAIDIKA, 'ALL' 'EI$ "OMOIOTHTA
<P 253C>
"AUTOI$ KAI TW*I QEWI "ON 'AN4 TIMWSI3 PASAN PANTW$ "OTI2 MALISTA
PEIRWMENOI 'AGEIN "OUTW POIOUSI0. PROQUMIA MEN-'OUN TWN "W$
'ALHQW$ 'ERWNTWN0 KAI TELETH, 'EA=N GE DIAPRAXWNTAI "O= PROQUMOUNTAI
"HI LEGW0, "OUTW KALH TE-KAI 'EUDAIMONIKH "UPO TOU*
DI' 'ERWTA MANENTO$ FILOU TW*I FILHQENTI GIGNETAI, 'EA=N
"AIREQHI; "ALISKETAI DE-DH "O "AIREQEI$ TOIWIDE TROPWI.
KAQAPER 'EN 'ARCHI TOUDE TOU* MUQOU TRICHI DIEILOMEN YUCHN
"EKASTHN, "IPPOMORFW MEN DUO TINE 'EIDH, "HNIOCIKON DE 'EIDO$
<P 253D>
TRITON, KAI NU*N 'ETI "HMIN TAUTA MENETW. TWN DE-DH "IPPWN
"O MEN, FAMEN, 'AGAQO$, "O D' 'OU=; 'ARETH DE TI=$ TOU* 'AGAQOU
'H= KAKOU KAKIA, 'OU DIEIPOMEN, NU*N DE LEKTEON. "O MEN-TOINUN
'AUTOIN 'EN THI KALLIONI STASEI 'WN TO TE 'EIDO$ 'ORQO$ KAI
DIHRQRWMENO$, "UYAUCHN, 'EPIGRUPO$, LEUKO$ 'IDEIN, MELANOMMATO$,
TIMH$ 'ERASTH$ META SWFROSUNH$ TE-KAI 'AIDOU$, KAI
'ALHQINH$ DOXH$ "ETAIRO$, 'APLHKTO$, KELEUSMATI MONON KAI
<P 253E>
LOGWI "HNIOCEITAI; "O D' 'AU SKOLIO$, POLU$, 'EIKHI SUMPEFORHMENO$,
KRATERAUCHN, BRACUTRACHLO$, SIMOPROSWPO$, MELAGCRW$,
GLAUKOMMATO$, "UFAIMO$, "UBREW$ KAI 'ALAZONEIA$ "ETAIRO$,
PERI= 'WTA LASIO$, KWFO$, MASTIGI META KENTRWN MOGI$ "UPEIKWN.
"OTAN D'-'OUN "O "HNIOCO$ 'IDWN TO 'ERWTIKON 'OMMA, PASAN
'AISQHSEI DIAQERMHNA$ THN YUCHN, GARGALISMOU TE-KAI POQOU


<P 254A>
KENTRWN "UPOPLHSQHI, "O MEN 'EUPEIQH$ TW*I "HNIOCWI TWN "IPPWN,
'AEI TE-KAI TO=TE 'AIDOI BIAZOMENO$, "EAUTON KATECEI0 MH 'EPIPHDAN
TW*I 'ERWMENWI; "O DE-'OUTE KENTRWN "HNIOCIKWN 'OUTE
MASTIGO$ 'ETI 'ENTREPETAI, SKIRTWN DE BIA\ FERETAI, KAI PANTA
PRAGMATA PARECWN TW*I SUZUGI TE-KAI "HNIOCWI 'ANAGKAZEI0
'IENAI TE PRO$ TA PAIDIKA KAI MNEIAN POIEISQAI TH$ TWN
'AFRODISIWN CARITO$. TW DE KAT' 'ARCA$ MEN 'ANTITEINETON0
<P 254B>
'AGANAKTOUNTE, "W$ DEINA KAI PARANOMA 'ANAGKAZOMENW; TELEUTWNTE
DE, "OTAN MHDEN 'HI PERA$ KAKOU, POREUESQON0 'AGOMENW,
'EIXANTE KAI "OMOLOGHSANTE POIHSEIN TO KELEUOMENON. KAI
PRO$ 'AUTWI T' 'EGENONTO KAI 'EIDON THN 'OYIN THN TWN PAIDIKWN
'ASTRAPTOUSAN. 'IDONTO$ DE TOU* "HNIOCOU "H MNHMH PRO$ THN
TOU* KALLOU$ FUSIN 'HNECQH, KAI PALIN 'EIDEN 'AUTHN META
SWFROSUNH$ 'EN "AGNWI BAQRWI BEBWSAN; 'IDOUSA DE 'EDEISE
TE-KAI SEFQEISA 'ANEPESEN "UPTI=A, KAI "AMA 'HNAGKASQH 'EI$
<P 254C>
'TOUPISW "ELKUSAI0 TA$ "HNIA$ "OUTW SFO=DRA, "WST' 'EPI TA
'ISCIA 'AMFW KAQISAI0 TW "IPPW, TON MEN "EKONTA DIA= TO MH
'ANTITEINEIN, TON DE "UBRISTHN MAL' 'AKONTA. 'APELQONTE DE
'APWTERW, "O MEN "UP' 'AISCUNH$ TE-KAI QAMBOU$ "IDRWTI PASAN
'EBREXE THN YUCHN, "O DE LHXA$ TH$ 'ODUNH$, "HN "UPO TOU*
CALINOU TE 'ESCEN KAI TOU* PTWMATO$, MOGI$ 'EXANAPNEUSA$
'ELOIDORHSEN 'ORGHI, POLLA KAKIZWN TON TE "HNIOCON KAI TON
"OMOZUGA "W$ DEILIA\ TE-KAI 'ANANDRIA\ LIPONTE THN TAXIN KAI
<P 254D>
"OMOLOGIAN; KAI PALIN 'OUK 'EQELONTA$ PROSIENAI 'ANAGKAZWN
MOGI$ SUNECWRHSEN DEOMENWN 'EI$ 'AUQI$ "UPERBALESQAI. 'ELQONTO$
DE TOU* SUNTEQENTO$ CRONOU "OU82 'AMNHMONEIN PROSPOIOUMENW
'ANAMIMNHISKWN, BIAZOMENO$, CREMETIZWN, "ELKWN
'HNAGKASEN 'AU PROSELQEIN TOI$ PAIDIKOI$ 'EPI TOU$ 'AUTOU$
LOGOU$, KAI 'EPEIDH 'EGGU$ 'HSAN, 'EGKUYA$ KAI 'EKTEINA$ THN
KERKON, 'ENDAKWN TON CALINON, MET' 'ANAIDEIA$ "ELKEI0; "O D'
<P 254E>
"HNIOCO$ 'ETI MALLON 'TAUTON PAQO$ PAQWN, "WSPER 'APO "USPLHGO$
'ANAPESWN, 'ETI MALLON TOU* "UBRISTOU "IPPOU 'EK TWN
'ODONTWN BIA\ 'OPISW SPASA$ TON CALINON, THN TE KAKHGORON
GLWTTAN KAI TA$ GNAQOU$ KAQHIMAXEN KAI TA SKELH TE-KAI
TA 'ISCIA PRO$ THN GHN 'EREISA$ 'ODUNAI$ 'EDWKEN. "OTAN DE
'TAUTON POLLAKI$ PASCWN "O PONHRO$ TH$ "UBREW$ LHXHI6,
TAPEINWQEI$ "EPETAI 'HDH THI TOU* "HNIOCOU PRONOIA\, KAI "OTAN
'IDHI6 TON KALON, FOBWI DIOLLUTAI; "WSTE SUMBAINEI0 TO=T' 'HDH THN
TOU* 'ERASTOU YUCHN TOI$ PAIDIKOI$ 'AIDOUMENHN TE-KAI DEDIUIAN


<P 255A>
"EPESQAI. "ATE 'OUN PASAN QERAPEIAN "W$ 'ISOQEO$ QERAPEUOMENO$
'OUC "UPO SCHMATIZOMENOU TOU* 'ERWNTO$ 'ALL' 'ALHQW$
TOUTO PEPONQOTO$, KAI 'AUTO$ 'WN FUSEI FILO$ TW*I QERAPEUONTI,
'EA=N 'A=RA-KAI 'EN TW*I PROSQEN "UPO SUMFOITHTWN 'H=
TINWN 'ALLWN DIABEBLHMENO$-'HI, LEGONTWN0 "W$ 'AISCRON 'ERWNTI
PLHSIAZEIN, KAI DIA= TOUTO 'APWQHI5 TON 'ERWNTA, PROIONTO$
DE 'HDH TOU* CRONOU "H TE "HLIKIA KAI TO CREWN 'HGAGEN 'EI$
<P 255B>
TO PROSESQAI 'AUTON 'EI$ "OMILIAN; 'OU-GAR-DHPOTE "EIMARTAI
KAKON KAKWI FILON 'OUD' 'AGAQON MH FILON 'AGAQWI 'EINAI.
PROSEMENOU DE-KAI LOGON KAI "OMILIAN DEXAMENOU, 'EGGUQEN
"H 'EUNOIA GIGNOMENH TOU* 'ERWNTO$ 'EKPLHTTEI0 TON 'ERWMENON
DIAISQANOMENON "OTI4 'OUD' "OI SUMPANTE$ 'ALLOI FILOI TE-KAI
'OIKEIOI MOIRAN FILIA$ 'OUDEMIAN PARECONTAI PRO$ TON 'ENQEON
FILON. "OTAN DE CRONIZHI5 TOUTO DRWN KAI PLHSIAZHI5 META
TOU* "APTESQAI 'EN TE GUMNASIOI$ KAI 'EN TAI$ 'ALLAI$ "OMILIAI$,
<P 255C>
TO=T' 'HDH "H TOU* "REUMATO$ 'EKEINOU PHGH, "ON "IMERON ZEU$
GANUMHDOU$ 'ERWN 'WNOMASE, POLLH FEROMENH PRO$ TON
'ERASTHN, "H MEN 'EI$ 'AUTON 'EDU, "H D' 'APOMESTOUMENOU 'EXW
'APORREI0; KAI "OION PNEUMA 'H= TI$ 'HCW 'APO LEIWN TE-KAI
STEREWN "ALLOMENH PALIN "OQEN "WRMHQH FERETAI, "OUTW TO
TOU* KALLOU$ "REUMA PALIN 'EI$ TON KALON DIA= TWN 'OMMATWN
'ION, "HI PEFUKEN0 'EPI THN YUCHN 'IENAI 'AFIKOMENON KAI 'ANAPTERWSAN,
<P 255D>
TA$ DIODOU$ TWN PTERWN 'ARDEI0 TE-KAI "WRMHSE
PTEROFUEIN TE-KAI THN TOU* 'ERWMENOU 'AU YUCHN 'ERWTO$
'ENEPLHSEN. 'ERA*I0 MEN-'OUN, "OTOU DE 'APOREI0; KAI-'OUQ' "OTI2
PEPONQEN0 'OIDEN 'OUD' 'ECEI0 FRASAI0, 'ALL' "OION 'AP' 'ALLOU
'OFQALMIA$ 'APOLELAUKW$ PROFASIN 'EIPEIN 'OUK 'ECEI0, "WSPER
DE 'EN KATOPTRWI 'EN TW*I 'ERWNTI "EAUTON "ORWN LELHQEN0. KAI
"OTAN MEN 'EKEINO$ PARHI5, LHGEI0 KATA 'TAUTA 'EKEINWI TH$ 'ODUNH$,
"OTAN DE 'APHI5, KATA 'TAUTA 'AU POQEI0 KAI POQEITAI, 'EIDWLON
<P 255E>
'ERWTO$ 'ANTERWTA 'ECWN; KALEI0 DE 'AUTON KAI 'OIETAI 'OUK 'ERWTA
'ALLA= FILIAN 'EINAI. 'EPIQUMEI0 DE 'EKEINWI PARAPLHSIW$ MEN,
'ASQENESTERW$ DE, "ORAN, "APTESQAI, FILEIN, SUGKATAKEISQAI;
KAI-DH, "OION 'EIKO$, POIEI0 TO META TOUTO TACU TAUTA. 'EN 'OUN
THI SUGKOIMHSEI TOU* MEN 'ERASTOU "O 'AKOLASTO$ "IPPO$ 'ECEI0
"OTI2 LEGHI5 PRO$ TON "HNIOCON, KAI 'AXIOI0 'ANTI POLLWN PONWN


<P 256A>
SMIKRA 'APOLAUSAI0; "O DE TWN PAIDIKWN 'ECEI0 MEN 'OUDEN 'EIPEIN,
SPARGWN DE-KAI 'APORWN PERIBALLEI0 TON 'ERASTHN KAI FILEI0,
"W$ SFO=DR' 'EUNOUN 'ASPAZOMENO$, "OTAN TE SUGKATAKEWNTAI,
"OIO$ 'ESTI MH 'AN4 'APARNHQHNAI TO "AUTOU MERO$ CARISASQAI
TW*I 'ERWNTI, 'EI DEHQEIH TUCEIN; "O DE "OMOZUX 'AU META TOU*
"HNIOCOU PRO$ TAUTA MET' 'AIDOU$ KAI LOGOU 'ANTITEINEI0.
'EA=N MEN-DH-'OUN 'EI$ TETAGMENHN TE DIAITAN KAI FILOSOFIAN
NIKHSHI6 TA BELTIW TH$ DIANOIA$ 'AGAGONTA, MAKARION MEN-KAI
<P 256B>
"OMONOHTIKON TON 'ENQADE BION DIAGOUSIN0, 'EGKRATEI$ "AUTWN
KAI KOSMIOI 'ONTE$, DOULWSAMENOI MEN "WI KAKIA YUCH$ 'ENEGIGNETO,
'ELEUQERWSANTE$ DE "WI 'ARETH; TELEUTHSANTE$ DE-DH
"UPOPTEROI KAI 'ELAFROI GEGONOTE$ TWN TRIWN PALAISMATWN
TWN "W$ 'ALHQW$ 'OLUMPIAKWN "EN NENIKHKASIN, "OU2 MEIZON
'AGAQON 'OUTE SWFROSUNH 'ANQRWPINH 'OUTE QEI=A MANIA DUNATH
PORISAI0 'ANQRWPWI. 'EA=N DE-DH DIAITHI FORTIKWTERA\ TE-KAI
<P 256C>
'AFILOSOFWI, FILOTIMWI DE CRHSWNTAI2, TAC' 'AN4 POU 'EN MEQAI$
'H= TINI 'ALLHI 'AMELEIA\ TW 'AKOLASTW 'AUTOIN "UPOZUGIW LABONTE
TA$ YUCA$ 'AFROUROU$, SUNAGAGONTE 'EI$ 'TAUTON, THN "UPO
TWN POLLWN MAKARISTHN "AIRESIN "EILESQHN TE-KAI DIEPRAXASQHN;
KAI DIAPRAXAMENW TO LOIPON 'HDH CRWNTAI0 MEN
'AUTHI, SPANIA\ DE, "ATE 'OU PASHI DEDOGMENA THI DIANOIA\ PRATTONTE$.
FILW MEN-'OUN-KAI TOUTW, "HTTON DE 'EKEINWN, 'ALLHLOIN
<P 256D>
DIA= TE TOU* 'ERWTO$ KAI 'EXW GENOMENW DIAGOUSI0, PISTEI$
TA$ MEGISTA$ "HGOUMENW 'ALLHLOIN DEDWKENAI TE-KAI DEDECQAI,
"A$ 'OU QEMITON 'EINAI LUSANTA$ 'EI$ 'ECQRAN POTE 'ELQEIN. 'EN
DE THI TELEUTHI 'APTEROI MEN, "WRMHKOTE$ DE PTEROUSQAI 'EKBAINOUSI0
TOU* SWMATO$, "WSTE 'OU SMIKRON 'AQLON TH$ 'ERWTIKH$
MANIA$ FERONTAI; 'EI$ GAR SKOTON KAI THN "UPO GH$ POREIAN
'OU NOMO$ 'ESTIN 'ETI 'ELQEIN TOI$ KATHRGMENOI$ 'HDH TH$ "UPOURANIOU
POREIA$, 'ALLA= FANON BION DIAGONTA$ 'EUDAIMONEIN
<P 256E>
MET' 'ALLHLWN POREUOMENOU$, KAI "OMOPTEROU$ 'ERWTO$ CARIN,
"OTAN GENWNTAI, GENESQAI.
TAUTA TOSAUTA, 'W* PAI, KAI QEI*A "OUTW SOI4 DWRHSETAI "H
PAR' 'ERASTOU FILIA; "H DE 'APO TOU* MH 'ERWNTO$ 'OIKEIOTH$,
SWFROSUNHI QNHTHI KEKRAMENH, QNHTA TE-KAI FEIDWLA 'OIKONOMOUSA,
'ANELEUQERIAN "UPO PLHQOU$ 'EPAINOUMENHN "W$ 'ARETHN


<P 257A>
THI FILHI YUCHI 'ENTEKOUSA, 'ENNEA CILIADA$ 'ETWN PERI= GHN
KULINDOUMENHN 'AUTHN KAI "UPO GH$ 'ANOUN PAREXEI2.
"AU=TH SOI4, 'W* FILE 'ERW$, 'EI$ "HMETERAN DUNAMIN "OTI2 KALLISTH
KAI 'ARISTH DEDOTAI TE-KAI 'EKTETEISTAI PALINWIDIA, TA
TE 'A=LLA KAI TOI$ 'ONOMASIN 'HNAGKASMENH POIHTIKOI$ TISIN DIA=
FAIDRON 'EIRHSQAI. 'ALLA= TWN PROTERWN TE SUGGNWMHN KAI
TWNDE CARIN 'ECWN, 'EUMENH$ KAI "ILEW$ THN 'ERWTIKHN MOI
TECNHN "HN 'EDWKA$ MHTE 'AFELHI4 MHTE PHRWSHI$ DI' 'ORGHN,
DIDOU T' 'ETI MALLON 'H= NU*N PARA TOI$ KALOI$ TIMION 'EINAI.
<P 257B>
'EN TW*I PROSQEN D' 'EI TI LOGWI SOI4 'APHCE$ 'EIPOMEN FAIDRO$
TE-KAI 'EGW, LUSIAN TON TOU* LOGOU PATERA 'AITIWMENO$ PAUE
TWN TOIOUTWN LOGWN, 'EPI FILOSOFIAN DE, "WSPER "ADELFO$
'AUTOU4 POLEMARCO$ TETRAPTAI, TREYON2, "INA KAI "O 'ERASTH$
"ODE 'AUTOU4 MHKETI 'EPAMFOTERIZHI5 KAQAPER NU*N, 'ALL' "APLW$
PRO$ 'ERWTA META FILOSOFWN LOGWN TON BION POIHTAI.
FAI ^ SUNEUCOMAI SOI4, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EIPER 'AMEINON TAUQ'
<P 257C>
"HMIN 'EINAI, TAUTA GIGNESQAI. TON LOGON DE SOU4 PALAI
QAUMASA$ 'ECW0, "OSWI KALLIW TOU* PROTEROU 'APHRGASW; "WSTE
'OKNW0 MH MOI "O LUSIA$ TAPEINO$ FANHI, 'EA=N 'A=RA-KAI 'EQELHSHI6
PRO$ 'AUTON 'ALLON 'ANTIPARATEINAI0. KAI-GAR TI$ 'AUTON, 'W*
QAUMASIE, 'ENAGCO$ TWN POLITIKWN TOUT' 'AUTO LOIDORWN
'WNEIDIZE, KAI DIA= PASH$ TH$ LOIDORIA$ 'EKALEI LOGOGRAFON;
TAC' 'OUN 'AN4 "UPO FILOTIMIA$ 'EPISCOI "HMIN 'AN4 TOU* GRAFEIN.
SW ^ GELOION G', 'W* NEANIA, TO DOGMA LEGEI$, KAI TOU*
<P 257D>
"ETAIROU SUCNON DIAMARTANEI$, 'EI 'AUTON "OUTW$ "HGHI0 TINA
YOFODEA. 'ISW$ DE-KAI TON LOIDOROUMENON 'AUTWI 'OIEI 'ONEIDIZONTA
LEGEIN "A 'ELEGEN.
FAI ^ 'EFAINETO GAR, 'W* SWKRATE$; KAI SUNOISQA POU
KAI 'AUTO$ "OTI4 "OI MEGISTON DUNAMENOI TE-KAI SEMNOTATOI 'EN
TAI$ POLESIN 'AISCUNONTAI LOGOU$ TE GRAFEIN KAI KATALEIPEIN
SUGGRAMMATA "EAUTWN, DOXAN FOBOUMENOI TOU* 'EPEITA CRONOU,
MH SOFISTAI KALWNTAI.
SW ^ GLUKU$ 'AGKWN, 'W* FAIDRE, LELHQEN0 SE "OTI4 'APO TOU*
<P 257E>
MAKROU 'AGKWNO$ TOU* KATA NEILON 'EKLHQH; KAI PRO$ TW*I
'AGKWNI LANQANEI0 SE "OTI4 "OI MEGISTON FRONOUNTE$ TWN POLITIKWN
MALISTA 'ERWSI0 LOGOGRAFIA$ TE-KAI KATALEIYEW$
SUGGRAMMATWN, "OI=4 GE-KAI 'EPEIDAN TINA GRAFWSI LOGON,
"OUTW$ 'AGAPWSI0 TOU$ 'EPAINETA$, "WSTE PROSPARAGRAFOUSI0
PRWTOU$ "OI=4 'AN4 "EKASTACOU 'EPAINWSIN 'AUTOU$.
FAI ^ PW*$ LEGEI$ TOUTO: 'OU-GAR MANQANW0.


<P 258A>
SW ^ 'OU MANQANEI$ "OTI4 'EN 'ARCHI 'ANDRO$ POLITIKOU SUGGRAMMATI8
PRWTO$ "O 'EPAINETH$ GEGRAPTAI.
FAI ^ PW*$:
SW ^ 'EDOXE POU FHSIN THI BOULHI 'H= TW*I DHMWI
'H= 'AMFOTEROI$, KAI "O$6 KAI7 "O$76 'EI*PEN % TON "AUTON DH LEGWN
MALA SEMNW$ KAI 'EGKWMIAZWN "O SUGGRAFEU$ % 'EPEITA LEGEI0
DH META TOUTO, 'EPIDEIKNUMENO$ TOI$ 'EPAINETAI$ THN "EAUTOU
SOFIAN, 'ENIOTE PANU MAKRON POIHSAMENO$ SUGGRAMMA; 'H= SOI4
'ALLO TI FAINETAI TO TOIOUTON 'H= LOGO$ SUGGEGRAMMENO$:
<P 258B>
FAI ^ 'OUK 'EMOIGE.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EA=N MEN "OUTO$ 'EMMENHI5, GEGHQW$ 'APERCETAI
'EK TOU* QEATROU "O POIHTH$; 'EA=N DE 'EXALEIFQHI KAI 'AMOIRO$
GENHTAI LOGOGRAFIA$ TE-KAI TOU* 'AXIO$ 'EINAI SUGGRAFEIN,
PENQEI0 'AUTO$ TE-KAI "OI "ETAIROI.
FAI ^ KAI MALA.
SW ^ DHLON GE "OTI4 'OUC "W$ "UPERFRONOUNTE$ TOU* 'EPITHDEUMATO$,
'ALL' "W$ TEQAUMAKOTE$.
FAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ TI= DE: "OTAN "IKANO$ GENHTAI "RHTWR 'H= BASILEU$, "WSTE
<P 258C>
LABWN THN LUKOURGOU 'H= SOLWNO$ 'H= DAREIOU DUNAMIN 'AQANATO$
GENESQAI LOGOGRAFO$ 'EN POLEI, 'A*R' 'OUK 'ISOQEON
"HGEITAI 'AUTO$ TE "AUTON 'ETI ZWN, KAI "OI 'EPEITA GIGNOMENOI
'TAUTA TAUTA PERI= 'AUTOU4 NOMIZOUSI0, QEWMENOI 'AUTOU4 TA
SUGGRAMMATA:
FAI ^ KAI MALA.
SW ^ 'OIEI TINA 'OUN TWN TOIOUTWN, "OSTI$ KAI "OPWSTIOUN
DUSNOU$ LUSIA\, 'ONEIDIZEIN 'AUTO TOUTO "OTI4 SUGGRAFEI0:
FAI ^ 'OU=KOUN 'EIKO$ GE 'EX "WN SU LEGEI$; KAI-GAR 'AN4 THI
"EAUTOU 'EPIQUMIA\, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'ONEIDIZOI.
<P 258D>
SW ^ TOUTO MEN-'A=RA PANTI DHLON, "OTI4 'OUK 'AISCRON 'AUTO
GE TO GRAFEIN LOGOU$.
FAI ^ TI= GAR:
SW ^ 'ALL' 'EKEINO 'OIMAI 'AISCRON 'HDH, TO MH KALW$ LEGEIN
TE-KAI GRAFEIN 'ALL' 'AISCRW$ TE-KAI KAKW$.
FAI ^ DHLON DH.
SW ^ TI=$ 'OUN "O TROPO$ TOU* KALW$ TE-KAI MH GRAFEIN:
DEOMEQA TI, 'W* FAIDRE, LUSIAN TE PERI= TOUTWN 'EXETASAI0 KAI
'ALLON "OSTI$ PWPOTE TI GEGRAFEN0 'H= GRAYEI2, 'EI=TE POLITIKON
SUGGRAMMA 'EI=TE 'IDIWTIKON, 'EN METRWI "W$ POIHTH$ 'H= 'ANEU
METROU "W$ 'IDIWTH$:
<P 258E>
FAI ^ 'ERWTA*I$0 'EI DEOMEQA: TI=NO$ MEN-'OUN "ENEKA 'KAN4
TI$ "W$ 'EIPEIN ZWIH, 'ALL'-'H= TWN TOIOUTWN "HDONWN "ENEKA: 'OU-GAR-POU
'EKEINWN GE "WN PROLUPHQHNAI DEI 'H= MHDE "HSQHNAI,
"O= DH 'OLIGOU PASAI "AI PERI= TO SWMA "HDONAI 'ECOUSI0; DIO KAI
DIKAIW$ 'ANDRAPODWDEI$ KEKLHNTAI.
SW ^ SCOLH MEN-DH, "W$ 'EOIKE0; KAI "AMA MOI DOKOUSIN0 "W$
'EN TW*I PNIGEI "UPER KEFALH$ "HMWN "OI TETTIGE$ 'A\DONTE$ KAI


<P 259A>
'ALLHLOI$ DIALEGOMENOI KAQORAN KAI "HMA$. 'EI 'OUN 'IDOIEN KAI
NW KAQAPER TOU$ POLLOU$ 'EN MESHMBRIA\ MH DIALEGOMENOU$
'ALLA= NUSTAZONTA$ KAI KHLOUMENOU$ "UF' "AUTWN DI' 'ARGIAN
TH$ DIANOIA$, DIKAIW$ 'AN4 KATAGELWIEN, "HGOUMENOI 'ANDRAPOD'
'ATTA SFISIN 'ELQONTA 'EI$ TO KATAGWGION "WSPER PROBATIA
MESHMBRIAZONTA PERI= THN KRHNHN "EUDEIN; 'EA=N DE "ORWSI3
DIALEGOMENOU$ KAI PARAPLEONTA$ SFA$ "WSPER SEIRHNA$
<P 259B>
'AKHLHTOU$, "O= GERA$ PARA QEWN 'ECOUSIN0 'ANQRWPOI$ DIDONAI,
TAC' 'AN4 DOIEN 'AGASQENTE$.
FAI ^ 'ECOUSI0 DE-DH TI= TOUTO: 'ANHKOO$ GAR, "W$ 'EOIKE0,
TUGCANW0 'WN.
SW ^ 'OU-MEN-DH PREPEI0 GE FILOMOUSON 'ANDRA TWN TOIOUTWN
'ANHKOON 'EINAI. LEGETAI D' "W$ POT' 'HSAN "OUTOI 'ANQRWPOI TWN
PRIN MOUSA$ GEGONENAI, GENOMENWN DE MOUSWN KAI FANEISH$
'WIDH$ "OUTW$ 'A=RA TINE$ TWN TO=TE 'EXEPLAGHSAN "UF' "HDONH$,
<P 259C>
"WSTE 'A\DONTE$ 'HMELHSAN SITWN TE-KAI POTWN, KAI 'ELAQON
TELEUTHSANTE$ "AUTOU$; 'EX "WN TO TETTIGWN GENO$ MET' 'EKEINO
FUETAI, GERA$ TOUTO PARA MOUSWN LABON, MHDEN TROFH$
DEISQAI GENOMENON, 'ALL' 'ASITON TE-KAI 'APOTON 'EUQU$ 'A\DEIN,
"EW$ 'AN4 TELEUTHSHI6, KAI META TAUTA 'ELQON PARA MOUSA$
'APAGGELLEIN TI=$ TI=NA 'AUTWN TIMA*I0 TWN 'ENQADE. TERYICORA\
MEN-'OUN TOU$ 'EN TOI$ COROI$ TETIMHKOTA$ 'AUTHN 'APAGGELLONTE$
<P 259D>
POIOUSI0 PROSFILESTEROU$, THI DE 'ERATOI TOU$ 'EN TOI$
'ERWTIKOI$, KAI TAI$ 'ALLAI$ "OUTW$, KATA TO 'EIDO$ "EKASTH$
TIMH$; THI DE PRESBUTATHI KALLIOPHI KAI THI MET' 'AUTHN
'OURANIA\ TOU$ 'EN FILOSOFIA\ DIAGONTA$ TE-KAI TIMWNTA$ THN
'EKEINWN MOUSIKHN 'AGGELLOUSIN0, "AI=4 DH MALISTA TWN MOUSWN
PERI= TE 'OURANON KAI LOGOU$ 'OUSAI QEIOU$ TE-KAI 'ANQRWPINOU$
"IASIN KALLISTHN FWNHN. POLLWN DH-'OUN "ENEKA LEKTEON TI
KAI 'OU KAQEUDHTEON 'EN THI MESHMBRIA\.
FAI ^ LEKTEON GAR-'OUN.
<P 259E>
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N, "OPER NU*N PROUQEMEQA SKEYASQAI, TON LOGON
"OPHI KALW$ 'ECEI0 LEGEIN TE-KAI GRAFEIN KAI "OPHI MH, SKEPTEON.
FAI ^ DHLON.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OUC "UPARCEIN DEI TOI$ 'EU GE-KAI KALW$
"RHQHSOMENOI$ THN TOU* LEGONTO$ DIANOIAN 'EIDUIAN TO 'ALHQE$
"WN 'AN4 'EREIN2 PE=RI MELLHI5:
FAI ^ "OUTWSI PERI= TOUTOU 'AKHKOA, 'W* FILE SWKRATE$, 'OUK


<P 260A>
'EINAI 'ANAGKHN TW*I MELLONTI "RHTORI 'ESESQAI TA TW*I-'ONTI DI=KAIA
MANQANEIN 'ALLA= TA DOXANT' 'AN4 PLHQEI "OI=PER DIKASOUSIN2,
'OUDE TA 'ONTW$ 'AGAQA 'H= KALA 'ALL' "OSA DOXEI2; 'EK GAR TOUTWN
'EINAI TO PEIQEIN 'ALL' 'OUK 'EK TH$ 'ALHQEIA$.
SW ^ 'OUTOI9 'APOBLHTON9 'EPO$9 'EINAI DEI, 'W* FAIDRE,
"O=1 'AN41 'EIPWSI1 SOFOI, 'ALLA= SKOPEIN MH TI LEGWSI; KAI-DH-KAI
TO NU*N LECQEN 'OUK 'AFETEON.
FAI ^ 'ORQW$ LEGEI$.
SW ^ "WDE DH SKOPWMEN 'AUTO.
FAI ^ PW*$:
<P 260B>
SW ^ 'EI SE PEIQOIMI 'EGW POLEMIOU$ 'AMUNEIN0 KTHSAMENON
"IPPON, 'AMFW DE "IPPON 'AGNOOIMEN, TOSONDE MENTOI TUGCANOIMI
'EIDW$ PERI= SOU4, "OTI4 FAIDRO$ "IPPON "HGEITAI TO TWN "HMERWN
ZWIWN MEGISTA 'ECON 'WTA %
FAI ^ GELOION G' 'AN4, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EIH.
SW ^ 'OUPW GE; 'ALL' "OTE DH SPOUDHI SE PEIQOIMI, SUNTIQEI=$
LOGON 'EPAINON KATA TOU* 'ONOU, "IPPON 'EPONOMAZWN KAI LEGWN "W$
PANTO$ 'AXION TO QREMMA 'OIKOI TE KEKTHSQAI KAI 'EPI STRATIA$,
'APOPOLEMEIN TE CRHSIMON KAI PRO$ G' 'ENEGKEIN DUNATON
<P 260C>
SKEUH KAI 'A=LLA POLLA 'WFELIMON.
FAI ^ PAGGELOION G' 'AN4 'HDH 'EIH.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OU KREITTON GELOION KAI FILON 'H= DEINON TE-KAI
'ECQRON 'EINAI8 'H=8 FILON8:
FAI ^ FAINETAI.
SW ^ "OTAN 'OUN "O "RHTORIKO$ 'AGNOWN 'AGAQON KAI KAKON,
LABWN POLIN "WSAUTW$ 'ECOUSAN PEIQHI5, MH PERI= 'ONOU SKIA$
"W$ "IPPOU TON 'EPAINON POIOUMENO$, 'ALLA= PERI= KAKOU "W$
'AGAQOU, DOXA$ DE PLHQOU$ MEMELETHKW$ PEISHI6 KAKA PRATTEIN
'ANT' 'AGAQWN, POI*ON TIN' 'AN74 'OIEI META TAUTA THN "RHTORIKHN
<P 260D>
KARPON "WN 'ESPEIRE QERIZEIN:
FAI ^ 'OU PANU GE 'EPIEIKH.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN, 'W* 'AGAQE, 'AGROIKOTERON TOU* DEONTO$ LELOIDORHKAMEN
THN TWN LOGWN TECNHN: "H D' 'ISW$ 'AN4 'EIPOI; TI=
POT', 'W* QAUMASIOI, LHREITE0: 'EGW GAR 'OUDEN' 'AGNOOUNTA
'TALHQE$ 'ANAGKAZW0 MANQANEIN LEGEIN, 'ALL', 'EI TI 'EMH
SUMBOULH, KTHSAMENON 'EKEINO "OUTW$ 'EME LAMBANEIN; TODE
D'-'OUN MEGA LEGW0, "W$ 'ANEU 'EMOU4 TW*I TA 'ONTA 'EIDOTI 'OUDEN TI
MALLON 'ESTAI PEIQEIN TECNHI.
<P 260E>
FAI ^ 'OUKOU*N DI=KAIA 'EREI2, LEGOUSA TAUTA:
SW ^ FHMI, 'EA=N "OI G' 'EPIONTE$ 'AUTHI LOGOI MARTURWSIN
'EINAI TECNHI. "WSPER GAR 'AKOUEIN DOKW0 TINWN PROSIONTWN0 KAI
DIAMARTUROMENWN LOGWN, "OTI4 YEUDETAI KAI 'OUK 'ESTI TECNH
'ALL' 'ATECNO$ TRIBH; TOU* DE LEGEIN, FHSIN "O LAKWN, 'ETUMO$
TECNH 'ANEU TOU* 'ALHQEIA$ "HFQAI 'OUT' 'ESTIN 'OUTE MH POTE
"USTERON GENHTAI.


<P 261A>
FAI ^ TOUTWN DEI0 TWN LOGWN, 'W* SWKRATE$; 'ALLA= DEURO
'AUTOU$ PARAGWN 'EXETAZE TI= KAI PW*$ LEGOUSIN0.
SW ^ PARITE2 DH, QREMMATA GENNAI*A, KALLIPAIDA TE FAIDRON
PEIQETE3 "W$ 'EA=N MH "IKANW$ FILOSOFHSHI6, 'OUDE "IKANO$
POTE LEGEIN 'ESTAI PERI= 'OUDENO$. 'APOKRINESQW DH "O FAIDRO$.
FAI ^ 'ERWTATE3.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OU TO MEN "OLON "H "RHTORIKH 'AN4 'EIH TECNH
YUCAGWGIA TI$ DIA= LOGWN, 'OU MONON 'EN DIKASTHRIOI$ KAI "OSOI
'ALLOI DHMOSIOI SULLOGOI, 'ALLA=-KAI 'EN 'IDIOI$, "H 'AUTH SMIKRWN
<P 261B>
TE-KAI MEGALWN PE=RI KAI 'OUDEN 'ENTIMOTERON TO GE 'ORQON PERI=
SPOUDAI*A 'H= PERI= FAULA GIGNOMENON: 'H= PW*$ SU TAUT' 'AKHKOA$:
FAI ^ 'OU MA TON DI=' 'OU PANTAPASIN "OUTW$, 'ALLA= MALISTA
MEN PW$ PERI= TA$ DIKA$ LEGETAI TE-KAI GRAFETAI TECNHI,
LEGETAI DE-KAI PERI= DHMHGORIA$; 'EPI PLEON DE 'OUK 'AKHKOA.
SW ^ 'ALL'-'H* TA$ NESTORO$ KAI 'ODUSSEW$ TECNA$ MONON
PERI= LOGWN 'AKHKOA$, "A$ 'EN 'ILIWI SCOLAZONTE$ SUNEGRAYATHN,
TWN DE PALAMHDOU$ 'ANHKOO$ GEGONA$:
<P 261C>
FAI ^ KAI NAI MA DI=' 'EGWGE TWN NESTORO$, 'EI MH
GORGIAN NESTORA TINA KATASKEUAZEI$, 'H= TINA QRASUMACON
TE-KAI QEODWRON 'ODUSSEA.
SW ^ 'ISW$. 'ALLA=-GAR TOUTOU$ 'EWMEN2; SU D' 'EIPE=, 'EN
DIKASTHRIOI$ "OI 'ANTIDIKOI TI= DRWSIN0: 'OUK 'ANTILEGOUSIN0 MENTOI:
'H= TI= FHSOMEN:
FAI ^ TOUT' 'AUTO.
SW ^ PERI= TOU* DIKAIOU TE-KAI 'ADIKOU:
FAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N "O TECNHI TOUTO DRWN POIHSEI2 FANHNAI TO
<P 261D>
'AUTO TOI$ 'AUTOI$ TOTE= MEN DIKAION, "OTAN DE BOULHTAI, 'ADIKON:
FAI ^ TI= MHN:
SW ^ KAI 'EN DHMHGORIA\ DH THI POLEI DOKEIN TA 'AUTA TOTE=
MEN 'AGAQA, TOTE= D' 'AU 'TANANTIA:
FAI ^ "OUTW$.
SW ^ TON 'OUN 'ELEATIKON PALAMHDHN LEGONTA 'OUK 'ISMEN
TECNHI, "WSTE FAINESQAI TOI$ 'AKOUOUSI4 TA 'AUTA "O=MOIA KAI
'ANO=MOIA, KAI "EN KAI POLLA, MENONTA TE 'AU KAI FEROMENA:
FAI ^ MALA GE.
SW ^ 'OUK-'A=RA MONON PERI= DIKASTHRIA TE 'ESTIN "H 'ANTILOGIKH
<P 261E>
KAI PERI= DHMHGORIAN, 'ALL', "W$ 'EOIKE0, PERI= PANTA TA LEGOMENA
MIA TI$ TECNH, 'EIPER 'ESTIN, "AU=TH 'AN4 'EIH, "HI TI$ "OIO$-T'-'ESTAI
PAN PANTI "OMOIOUN0 TWN DUNATWN KAI "OI$ DUNATON, KAI 'ALLOU
"OMOIOUNTO$ KAI 'APOKRUPTOMENOU 'EI$ FW$ 'AGEIN.
FAI ^ PW*$ DH TO TOIOUTON LEGEI$:
SW ^ THIDE DOKW0 ZHTOUSIN4 FANEISQAI. 'APATH POTERON 'EN
POLU DIAFEROUSI4 GIGNETAI MALLON 'H= 'OLIGON:


<P 262A>
FAI ^ 'EN TOI$ 'OLIGON.
SW ^ 'ALLA=-GE-DH KATA SMIKRON METABAINWN MALLON
LHSEI$ 'ELQWN 'EPI TO 'ENANTION 'H= KATA MEGA.
FAI ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
SW ^ DEI 'A=RA TON MELLONTA 'APATHSEIN MEN 'ALLON, 'AUTON
DE MH 'APATHSESQAI, THN "OMOIOTHTA TWN 'ONTWN0 KAI 'ANOMOIOTHTA
'AKRIBW$ DIEIDENAI.
FAI ^ 'ANAGKH MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ 'H*-'OUN "OIO$-TE-'ESTAI, 'ALHQEIAN 'AGNOWN "EKASTOU, THN
TOU* 'AGNOOUMENOU "OMOIOTHTA SMIKRAN TE-KAI MEGALHN 'EN TOI$
'ALLOI$ DIAGIGNWSKEIN:
<P 262B>
FAI ^ 'ADUNATON.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N TOI$ PARA TA 'ONTA DOXAZOUSI4 KAI 'APATWMENOI$
DHLON "W$ TO PAQO$ TOUTO DI' "OMOIOTHTWN TINWN 'EISERRUH.
FAI ^ GIGNETAI GOUN "OUTW$.
SW ^ 'ESTIN 'OUN "OPW$ TECNIKO$ 'ESTAI METABIBAZEIN KATA
SMIKRON DIA= TWN "OMOIOTHTWN 'APO TOU* 'ONTO$ "EKASTOTE 'EPI
'TOUNANTION 'APAGWN, 'H= 'AUTO$ TOUTO DIAFEUGEIN, "O MH 'EGNWRIKW$
"O= 'ESTIN "EKASTON TWN 'ONTWN0:
FAI ^ 'OU MH POTE.
<P 262C>
SW ^ LOGWN 'A=RA TECNHN, 'W* "ETAIRE, "O THN 'ALHQEIAN MH
'EIDW$, DOXA$ DE TEQHREUKW$, GELOIAN TINA, "W$ 'EOIKE0, KAI
'ATECNON PAREXETAI.
FAI ^ KINDUNEUEI0.
SW ^ BOULEI 'OUN 'EN TW*I LUSIOU LOGWI "ON FEREI$, KAI 'EN
"OI$ "HMEI$ 'EIPOMEN 'IDEIN TI "WN FAMEN 'ATECNWN TE-KAI 'ENTECNWN
'EINAI:
FAI ^ PANTWN GE-POU MALISTA, "W$ NU*N GE YILW$ PW$
LEGOMEN, 'OUK 'ECONTE$ "IKANA PARADEIGMATA.
SW ^ KAI-MHN KATA TUCHN GE TINA, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'ERRHQHTHN
<P 262D>
TW LOGW 'ECONTE TI PARADEIGMA, "W$ 'AN4 "O 'EIDW$ TO 'ALHQE$
PROSPAIZWN 'EN LOGOI$ PARAGOI TOU$ 'AKOUONTA$. KAI 'EGWGE,
'W* FAIDRE, 'AITIWMAI0 TOU$ 'ENTOPIOU$ QEOU$; 'ISW$ DE-KAI "OI TWN
MOUSWN PROFHTAI "OI "UPER KEFALH$ 'WIDOI 'EPIPEPNEUKOTE$ 'AN4
"HMIN 'EIEN TOUTO TO GERA$; 'OU-GAR-POU 'EGWGE TECNH$ TINO$
TOU* LEGEIN METOCO$.
FAI ^ 'ESTW "W$ LEGEI$; MONON DHLWSON2 "O= FH=I$.
SW ^ 'IQI DH MOI 'ANAGNWQI THN TOU* LUSIOU LOGOU 'ARCHN.
<P 262E>
FAI ^ PERI=99 MEN99 TWN99 'EMWN99 PRAGMATWN99 'EPISTASAI99, KAI99 "W$99
NOMIZW990 SUMFEREIN99 "HMIN99 TOUTWN99 GENOMENWN99, 'AKHKOA$99. 'AXIW990
DE99 MH99 DIA=99 TOUTO99 'ATUCHSAI990 "WN99 DEOMAI99, "OTI994 'OUK99 'ERASTH$99 'WN99 SOU994
TUGCANW990. "W$99 'EKEINOI$99 MEN99 TO=TE99 METAMELEI990 %
SW ^ PAUSAI2. TI= DH-'OUN "OUTO$ "AMARTANEI0 KAI 'ATECNON
POIEI0 LEKTEON; 'H*-GAR:


<P 263A>
FAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OU PANTI DHLON TO GE TOIONDE, "W$ PERI=
MEN 'ENIA TWN TOIOUTWN "OMONOHTIKW$ 'ECOMEN, PERI= D' 'ENIA
STASIWTIKW$:
FAI ^ DOKW0 MEN "O= LEGEI$ MANQANEIN, 'ETI D' 'EIPE= SAFESTERON.
SW ^ "OTAN TI$ 'ONOMA 'EIPHI6 SIDHROU 'H= 'ARGUROU, 'A*R' 'OU TO
'AUTO PANTE$ DIENOHQHMEN:
FAI ^ KAI MALA.
SW ^ TI= D' "OTAN DIKAIOU 'H= 'AGAQOU: 'OUK 'ALLO$ 'ALLHI
FERETAI, KAI 'AMFISBHTOUMEN 'ALLHLOI$ TE-KAI "HMIN-'AUTOI$:
FAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
<P 263B>
SW ^ 'EN MEN-'A=RA TOI$ SUMFWNOUMEN, 'EN DE TOI$ 'OU=.
FAI ^ "OUTW.
SW ^ POTERWQI 'OUN 'EUAPATHTOTEROI 'ESMEN, KAI "H "RHTORIKH
'EN POTEROI$ MEIZON DUNATAI:
FAI ^ DHLON "OTI4 'EN "OI$ PLANWMEQA0.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N TON MELLONTA TECNHN "RHTORIKHN METIENAI
PRWTON MEN DEI TAUTA "ODWI DIHIRHSQAI, KAI 'EILHFENAI TINA
CARAKTHRA "EKATEROU TOU* 'EIDOU$, 'EN "WI TE 'ANAGKH TO PLHQO$
PLANASQAI KAI 'EN "WI MH.
<P 263C>
FAI ^ KALON GOUN 'AN4, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EIDO$ 'EIH KATANENOHKW$
"O TOUTO LABWN.
SW ^ 'EPEITA GE 'OIMAI PRO$ "EKASTWI GIGNOMENON MH
LANQANEIN 'ALL' 'OXEW$ 'AISQANESQAI PERI= "OU2 'AN4 MELLHI5 'EREIN2
POTEROU 'ON TUGCANEI0 TOU* GENOU$.
FAI ^ TI= MHN:
SW ^ TI= 'OUN: TON 'ERWTA POTERON FWMEN 'EINAI TWN
'AMFISBHTHSIMWN 'H= TWN MH:
FAI ^ TWN 'AMFISBHTHSIMWN DHPOU; 'H= 'OIEI 'AN4 SOI4 'EGCWRHSAI0
'EIPEIN "A NUNDH 'EIPE$ PERI= 'AUTOU4, "W$ BLABH TE 'ESTI
TW*I 'ERWMENWI KAI 'ERWNTI, KAI 'AUQI$ "W$ MEGISTON 'ON7 TWN
'AGAQWN TUGCANEI0:
<P 263D>
SW ^ 'ARISTA LEGEI$; 'ALL' 'EIPE= KAI TODE % 'EGW GAR-TOI
DIA= TO 'ENQOUSIASTIKON 'OU PANU MEMNHMAI % 'EI "WRISAMHN 'ERWTA
'ARCOMENO$ TOU* LOGOU.
FAI ^ NH DI=A 'AMHCANW$ GE "W$ SFO=DRA.
SW ^ FEU, "OSWI LEGEI$ TECNIKWTERA$ NUMFA$ TA$ 'ACELWIOU
KAI PANA TON "ERMOU LUSIOU TOU* KEFALOU PRO$ LOGOU$ 'EINAI.
'H= 'OUDEN LEGW0, 'ALLA=-KAI "O LUSIA$ 'ARCOMENO$ TOU* 'ERWTIKOU
'HNAGKASEN "HMA$ "UPOLABEIN TON 'ERWTA "EN TI TWN 'ONTWN0 "O=
<P 263E>
'AUTO$ 'EBOULHQH, KAI PRO$ TOUTO 'HDH SUNTAXAMENO$ PANTA TON
"USTERON LOGON DIEPERANATO: BOULEI PALIN 'ANAGNWMEN THN
'ARCHN 'AUTOU4:
FAI ^ 'EI SOI4 GE DOKEI0; "O= MENTOI ZHTEI$ 'OUK 'EST' 'AUTOQI.
SW ^ LEGE, "INA 'AKOUSW4 'AUTOU4 'EKEINOU.
FAI ^ PERI=99 MEN99 TWN99 'EMWN99 PRAGMATWN99 'EPISTASAI99, KAI99 "W$99
NOMIZW990 SUMFEREIN99 "HMIN99 TOUTWN99 GENOMENWN99, 'AKHKOA$99. 'AXIW990


<P 264A>
DE99 MH99 DIA=99 TOUTO99 'ATUCHSAI990 "WN99 DEOMAI99, "OTI994 'OUK99 'ERASTH$99 'WN99
SOU994 TUGCANW990. "W$99 'EKEINOI$99 MEN99 TO=TE99 METAMELEI990 "WN99 'AN994 'EU99
POIHSWSIN99, 'EPEIDAN99 TH$99 'EPIQUMIA$99 PAUSWNTAI99;
SW ^ 'H* POLLOU DEIN 'EOIKE0 POIEIN "ODE GE "O= ZHTOUMEN, "O$4
'OUDE 'AP' 'ARCH$ 'ALL' 'APO TELEUTH$ 'EX "UPTIA$ 'ANAPALIN DIANEIN
'EPICEIREI0 TON LOGON, KAI 'ARCETAI 'AF' "WN PEPAUMENO$ 'AN4 'HDH
"O 'ERASTH$ LEGOI PRO$ TA PAIDIKA. 'H= 'OUDEN 'EIPON, FAIDRE,
FILH KEFALH:
<P 264B>
FAI ^ 'ESTIN GE-TOI-DH, 'W* SWKRATE$, TELEUTH, PERI= "OU2 TON
LOGON POIEITAI.
SW ^ TI= DE 'TALLA: 'OU CUDHN DOKEI0 BEBLHSQAI TA TOU*
LOGOU: 'H= FAINETAI TO DEUTERON 'EIRHMENON 'EK TINO$ 'ANAGKH$
DEUTERON DEIN TEQHNAI, 'H= TI 'ALLO TWN "RHQENTWN5: 'EMOI4 MEN-GAR
'EDOXEN, "W$ MHDEN 'EIDOTI, 'OUK 'AGENNW$ TO 'EPION 'EIRHSQAI
TW*I GRAFONTI; SU D' 'ECEI$ TINA 'ANAGKHN LOGOGRAFIKHN "HI
TAUTA 'EKEINO$ "OUTW$ 'EFEXH$ PAR' 'ALLHLA 'EQHKEN:
FAI ^ CRHSTO$ 'EI*, "OTI4 ME "HGHI0 "IKANON 'EINAI TA 'EKEINOU
<P 264C>
"OUTW$ 'AKRIBW$ DIIDEIN.
SW ^ 'ALLA= TODE GE 'OIMAI SE FANAI 'AN4, DEIN PANTA LOGON
"WSPER ZWION SUNESTANAI SWMA TI 'ECONTA 'AUTON "AUTOU, "WSTE
MHTE 'AKEFALON 'EINAI MHTE 'APOUN, 'ALLA= MESA TE 'ECEIN KAI
'AKRA, PREPONTA 'ALLHLOI$ KAI TW*I "OLWI GEGRAMMENA.
FAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW ^ SKEYAI TOINUN TON TOU* "ETAIROU SOU4 LOGON 'EI=TE
"OUTW$ 'EI=TE 'ALLW$ 'ECEI0, KAI "EURHSEI$ TOU* 'EPIGRAMMATO$ 'OUDEN
DIAFERONTA, "O= MIDA\ TW*I FRUGI FASIN0 TINE$ 'EPIGEGRAFQAI.
<P 264D>
FAI ^ POI*ON TOUTO, KAI TI= PEPONQO$:
SW ^ 'ESTI MEN TOUTO TODE %
CALKH1 PARQENO$9 'EIMI9, MIDA1 D'9 'EPI9 SHMATI9 KEIMAI9.
'OFR'1 'AN94 "UDWR9 TE9 NAHI95 KAI9 DENDREA9 MAKRA9 TEQHLHI9,
'AUTOU92 THIDE9 MENOUSA9 POLUKLAUTOU1 'EPI9 TUMBOU1,
'AGGELEW92 PARIOUSI9 MIDA$9 "OTI94 THIDE9 TEQAPTAI9.
<P 264E>
"OTI4 D' 'OUDEN DIAFEREI0 'AUTOU4 PRWTON 'H= "USTATON TI LEGESQAI,
'ENNOEI$ POU, "W$ 'EGWIMAI.
FAI ^ SKWPTEI$ TON LOGON "HMWN, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ TOUTON MEN-TOINUN, "INA MH SU 'ACQHI3, 'EASWMEN %
KAITOI SUCNA GE 'ECEIN MOI DOKEI0 PARADEIGMATA PRO$ "A TI$
BLEPWN 'ONINAIT' 'AN4, MIMEISQAI 'AUTA 'EPICEIRWN MH PANU TI %
'EI$ DE TOU$ "ETEROU$ LOGOU$ 'IWMEN. 'H*N GAR TI 'EN 'AUTOI$, "W$
DOKW0, PROSHKON0 'IDEIN TOI$ BOULOMENOI$ PERI= LOGWN SKOPEIN.


<P 265A>
FAI ^ TO POI*ON DH LEGEI$:
SW ^ 'ENANTIW POU 'HSTHN; "O MEN-GAR "W$ TW*I 'ERWNTI, "O D'
"W$ TW*I MH DEI CARIZESQAI, 'ELEGETHN.
FAI ^ KAI MAL' 'ANDRIKW$.
SW ^ 'WIMHN SE 'TALHQE$ 'EREIN2, "OTI4 MANIKW$; "O= MENTOI
'EZHTOUN 'ESTIN 'AUTO TOUTO. MANIAN GAR TINA 'EFHSAMEN 'EINAI
TON 'ERWTA. 'H*-GAR:
FAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ MANIA$ DE-GE 'EIDH DUO, THN MEN "UPO NOSHMATWN
'ANQRWPINWN, THN DE "UPO QEIA$ 'EXALLAGH$ TWN 'EIWQOTWN
NOMIMWN GIGNOMENHN.
<P 265B>
FAI ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ TH$ DE QEIA$ TETTARWN QEWN TETTARA MERH DIELOMENOI,
MANTIKHN MEN 'EPIPNOIAN 'APOLLWNO$ QENTE$, DIONUSOU DE
TELESTIKHN, MOUSWN D' 'AU POIHTIKHN, TETARTHN DE 'AFRODITH$
KAI 'ERWTO$, 'ERWTIKHN MANIAN 'EFHSAMEN TE 'ARISTHN 'EINAI,
KAI 'OUK 'OID' "OPHI TO 'ERWTIKON PAQO$ 'APEIKAZONTE$, 'ISW$
MEN 'ALHQOU$ TINO$ 'EFAPTOMENOI, TACA D' 'AN4 KAI 'ALLOSE
PARAFEROMENOI, KERASANTE$ 'OU PANTAPASIN 'APIQANON LOGON,
<P 265C>
MUQIKON TINA "UMNON PROSEPAISAMEN METRIW$ TE-KAI 'EUFHMW$
TON 'EMON TE-KAI SON DESPOTHN 'ERWTA, 'W* FAIDRE, KALWN
PAIDWN 'EFORON.
FAI ^ KAI MALA 'EMOIGE 'OUK 'AHDW$ 'AKOUSAI0.
SW ^ TODE TOINUN 'AUTOQEN LABWMEN, "W$ 'APO TOU* YEGEIN
PRO$ TO 'EPAINEIN 'ESCEN "O LOGO$ METABHNAI0.
FAI ^ PW*$ DH-'OUN 'AUTO LEGEI$:
SW ^ 'EMOI4 MEN FAINETAI TA MEN 'A=LLA TW*I-'ONTI PAIDIA*I
PEPAISQAI; TOUTWN DE TINWN 'EK TUCH$ "RHQENTWN5 DUOIN 'EIDOIN,
<P 265D>
'EI 'AUTOIN THN DUNAMIN TECNHI LABEIN DUNAITO TI$, 'OUK 'ACARI.
FAI ^ TI=NWN DH:
SW ^ 'EI$ MIAN TE 'IDEAN SUNORWNTA 'AGEIN TA POLLACHI
DIESPARMENA, "INA "EKASTON "ORIZOMENO$ DHLON POIHI5 PERI= "OU2 'AN4
'AEI DIDASKEIN 'EQELHI5. "WSPER TA NUNDH PERI= 'ERWTO$ % "O= 'ESTIN
"ORISQEN % 'EI=T' 'EU 'EI=TE KAKW$ 'ELECQH, TO GOUN SAFE$ KAI TO
'AUTO "AUTWI "OMOLOGOUMENON DIA= TAUTA 'ESCEN 'EIPEIN "O LOGO$.
FAI ^ TO D' "ETERON DH 'EIDO$ TI= LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$:
<P 265E>
SW ^ TO PALIN KAT' 'EIDH DUNASQAI DIATEMNEIN KAT' 'ARQRA
"HI PEFUKEN0, KAI MH 'EPICEIREIN KATAGNUNAI MERO$ MHDEN, KAKOU
MAGEIROU TROPWI CRWMENON; 'ALL' "WSPER 'ARTI TW LOGW TO
MEN 'AFRON TH$ DIANOIA$ "EN TI KOINHI 'EIDO$ 'ELABETHN, "WSPER


<P 266A>
DE SWMATO$ 'EX "ENO$ DIPLA KAI "OMWNUMA PEFUKE0, SKAIA, TA DE
DEXIA KLHQENTA, "OUTW KAI TO TH$ PARANOIA$ "W$ "EN7 'EN "HMIN
PEFUKO$ 'EIDO$ "HGHSAMENW TW LOGW, "O MEN TO 'EP' 'ARISTERA
TEMNOMENO$ MERO$, PALIN TOUTO TEMNWN 'OUK 'EPANHKEN PRIN 'EN
'AUTOI$ 'EFEURWN 'ONOMAZOMENON SKAION TINA 'ERWTA 'ELOIDORHSEN
MAL' 'EN DIKHI, "O D' 'EI$ TA 'EN DEXIA*I TH$ MANIA$ 'AGAGWN "HMA$,
"OMWNUMON MEN 'EKEINWI, QEION D' 'AU TINA 'ERWTA 'EFEURWN KAI
<P 266B>
PROTEINAMENO$ 'EPHINESEN "W$ MEGISTWN 'AITION "HMIN 'AGAQWN.
FAI ^ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
SW ^ TOUTWN DH 'EGWGE 'AUTO$ TE 'ERASTH$, 'W* FAIDRE, TWN
DIAIRESEWN KAI SUNAGWGWN, "INA "OIO$-TE-'W*2 LEGEIN TE-KAI
FRONEIN; 'EA=N TE TIN' 'ALLON "HGHSWMAI DUNATON 'EI$ "EN KAI 'EPI
POLLA PEFUKOQ' "ORAN, TOUTON DIWKW0 KATOPISQE1 MET'1
'ICNION1 "WSTE1 QEOIO1. KAI-MENTOI-KAI TOU$ DUNAMENOU$ 'AUTO
DRAN 'EI MEN 'ORQW$ 'H= MH PROSAGOREUW0, QEO$ 'OIDE, KALW0 DE-'OUN
<P 266C>
MECRI TOUDE DIALEKTIKOU$. TA DE NU*N PARA SOU4 TE-KAI
LUSIOU MAQONTA$ 'EIPE= TI= CRH KALEIN0; 'H= TOUTO 'EKEINO 'ESTIN "H
LOGWN TECNH, "HI QRASUMACO$ TE-KAI "OI 'ALLOI CRWMENOI SOFOI
MEN 'AUTOI LEGEIN GEGONASIN, 'ALLOU$ TE POIOUSIN0, "OI=4 'AN4
DWROFOREIN 'AUTOI$ "W$ BASILEUSIN 'EQELWSIN:
FAI ^ BASILIKOI MEN "ANDRE$, 'OU-MEN-DH 'EPISTHMONE$ GE "WN
'ERWTA*I$0. 'ALLA= TOUTO MEN TO 'EIDO$ 'ORQW$ 'EMOIGE DOKEI$ KALEIN0,
DIALEKTIKON KALWN0; TO DE "RHTORIKON DOKEI0 MOI DIAFEUGEIN 'EQ'
"HMA$.
<P 266D>
SW ^ PW*$ FH=I$: KALON POU TI 'AN4 'EIH, "O= TOUTWN 'APOLEIFQEN
"OMW$ TECNHI LAMBANETAI: PANTW$ D' 'OUK 'ATIMASTEON
'AUTO SOI4 TE-KAI 'EMOI4, LEKTEON DE TI= MENTOI-KAI 'ESTI TO
LEIPOMENON TH$ "RHTORIKH$.
FAI ^ KAI MALA POU SUCNA, 'W* SWKRATE$, TA G' 'EN TOI$
BIBLIOI$ TOI$ PERI= LOGWN TECNH$ GEGRAMMENOI$.
SW ^ KAI8 KALW$ GE "UPEMNHSA$. PROOIMION MEN 'OIMAI
PRWTON "W$ DEI TOU* LOGOU LEGESQAI 'EN 'ARCHI; TAUTA LEGEI$ %
'H*-GAR?& TA KOMYA TH$ TECNH$:
<P 266E>
FAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ DEUTERON DE-DH DIHGHSIN TINA MARTURIA$ T' 'EP'
'AUTHI, TRITON TEKMHRIA, TETARTON 'EIKOTA; KAI PISTWSIN
'OIMAI KAI 'EPIPISTWSIN LEGEIN TON GE BELTISTON LOGODAIDALON
BUZANTION 'ANDRA.
FAI ^ TON CRHSTON LEGEI$ QEODWRON:


<P 267A>
SW ^ TI= MHN: KAI 'ELEGCON GE-KAI 'EPEXELEGCON "W$
POIHTEON 'EN KATHGORIA\ TE-KAI 'APOLOGIA\. TON DE KALLISTON
PARION 'EUHNON 'E$ MESON 'OUK 'AGOMEN, "O$4 "UPODHLWSIN9 TE
PRWTO$ "HUREN KAI PAREPAINOU$9 % "OI D' 'AUTON KAI PARAYOGOU$9
FASIN0 'EN METRWI LEGEIN MNHMH$ CARIN % SOFO$ GAR "ANHR.
TEISIAN DE GORGIAN TE 'EASOMEN "EUDEIN, "OI=4 PRO TWN 'ALHQWN
TA 'EIKOTA 'EIDON "W$ TIMHTEA MALLON, TA TE 'AU SMIKRA MEGALA
KAI TA MEGALA SMIKRA FAINESQAI POIOUSIN0 DIA= "RWMHN LOGOU,
<P 267B>
KAINA TE 'ARCAIW$ TA T' 'ENANTIA KAINW$, SUNTOMIAN TE LOGWN
KAI 'APEIRA MHKH PERI= PANTWN 'ANHURON: TAUTA DE 'AKOUWN
POTE MOU PRODIKO$ 'EGELASEN, KAI MONO$ 'AUTO$ "HURHKENAI 'EFH
"WN DEI0 LOGWN TECNHN; DEIN DE-'OUTE MAKRWN 'OUTE BRACEWN
'ALLA= METRIWN.
FAI ^ SOFWTATA GE, 'W* PRODIKE.
SW ^ "IPPIAN DE 'OU LEGOMEN: 'OIMAI GAR 'AN4 SUMYHFON
'AUTWI KAI TON 'HLEION XENON GENESQAI.
FAI ^ TI= D' 'OU=:
SW ^ TA DE PWLOU PW*$ FRASWMEN 'AU MOUSEIA LOGWN % "W$
<P 267C>
DIPLASIOLOGIAN9 KAI GNWMOLOGIAN9 KAI 'EIKONOLOGIAN9 %
'ONOMATWN TE LIKUMNIWN "A 'EKEINWI 'EDWRHSATO PRO$ POIHSIN
'EUEPEIA$:
FAI ^ PRWTAGO=REIA DE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUK 'H*N MENTOI
TOIAUT' 'ATTA:
SW ^ 'ORQOEPEIA9 GE TI$, 'W* PAI, KAI 'A=LLA POLLA KAI
KALA. TWN GE-MHN 'OIKTROGOWN 'EPI GHRA$ KAI PENIAN
"ELKOMENWN LOGWN KEKRATHKENAI TECNHI MOI FAINETAI TO TOU*
CALKHDONIOU SQENO$, 'ORGISAI0 TE 'AU POLLOU$ "AMA DEINO$ "ANHR
<P 267D>
GEGONEN0, KAI PALIN 'WRGISMENOI$ 'EPA\DWN KHLEIN, "W$ 'EFH;
DIABALLEIN TE-KAI 'APOLUSASQAI DIABOLA$ "OQENDH KRATISTO$.
TO DE-DH TELO$ TWN LOGWN KOINHI PASIN 'EOIKE0 SUNDEDOGMENON-'EINAI,
"WI TINE$ MEN 'EPANODON, 'ALLOI D' 'ALLO TIQENTAI 'ONOMA.
FAI ^ TO 'EN KEFALAIWI "EKASTA LEGEI$ "UPOMNHSAI0 'EPI
TELEUTH$ TOU$ 'AKOUONTA$ PERI= TWN 'EIRHMENWN:
SW ^ TAUTA LEGW0, KAI 'EI TI SU 'ALLO 'ECEI$ 'EIPEIN LOGWN
TECNH$ PE=RI.
FAI ^ SMIKRA GE-KAI 'OUK 'A=XIA LEGEIN.


<P 268A>
SW ^ 'EWMEN2 DH TA GE SMIKRA; TAUTA DE "UP' 'AUGA$ MALLON
'IDWMEN, TI=NA KAI PO=T' 'ECEI0 THN TH$ TECNH$ DUNAMIN.
FAI ^ KAI MALA 'ERRWMENHN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EN GE-DH
PLHQOU$ SUNODOI$.
SW ^ 'ECEI0 GAR. 'ALL', 'W* DAIMONIE, 'IDE KAI SU 'EI 'A=RA-KAI
SOI4 FAINETAI DIESTHKO$ 'AUTWN TO 'HTRION "WSPER 'EMOI4.
FAI ^ DEIKNUE MONON.
SW ^ 'EIPE= DH MOI; 'EI TI$ PROSELQWN TW*I "ETAIRWI SOU4
'ERUXIMACWI 'H= TW*I PATRI 'AUTOU4 'AKOUMENWI 'EIPOI "OTI4 'EGW
'EPISTAMAI TOIAUT' 'ATTA SWMASI PROSFEREIN, "WSTE QERMAINEIN
<P 268B>
T' 'EA=N BOULWMAI KAI YUCEIN, KAI 'EA=N MEN DOXHI6 MOI, 'EMEIN
POIEIN, 'EA=N D' 'AU, KATW DIACWREIN, KAI 'A=LLA PAMPOLLA
TOIAUTA; KAI 'EPISTAMENO$ 'AUTA 'AXIW0 'IATRIKO$ 'EINAI KAI
'ALLON POIEIN "WI 'AN4 THN TOUTWN 'EPISTHMHN PARADW4, TI= 'AN4
'OIEI 'AKOUSANTA$ 'EIPEIN:
FAI ^ TI= D' 'ALLO GE 'H= 'ERESQAI 'EI PROSEPISTATAI KAI
"OUSTINA$ DEI KAI "OPOTE "EKASTA TOUTWN POIEIN, KAI MECRI
"OPOSOU:
SW ^ 'EI 'OUN 'EIPOI "OTI4 'OUDAMW$; 'ALL' 'AXIW0 TON TAUTA
<P 268C>
PAR' 'EMOU4 MAQONTA 'AUTON "OION-T'-'EINAI POIEIN8 "A 'ERWTA*I$0:
FAI ^ 'EIPEIN 'AN4 'OIMAI "OTI4 MAINETAI "ANQRWPO$, KAI 'EK
BIBLIOU POQEN 'AKOUSA$ 'H= PERITUCWN FARMAKIOI$ 'IATRO$
'OIETAI GEGONENAI, 'OUDEN 'EPAIWN TH$ TECNH$.
SW ^ TI= D' 'EI SOFOKLEI 'AU PROSELQWN KAI 'EURIPIDHI TI$
LEGOI "W$ 'EPISTATAI PERI= SMIKROU PRAGMATO$ "RHSEI$ PAMMHKEI$
POIEIN KAI PERI= MEGALOU PANU SMIKRA$, "OTAN TE BOULHTAI
'OIKTRA$, KAI 'TOUNANTION 'AU FOBERA$ KAI 'APEILHTIKA$ "OSA T'
<P 268D>
'A=LLA TOIAUTA, KAI DIDASKWN 'AUTA TRAGWIDIA$ POIHSIN 'OIETAI
PARADIDONAI:
FAI ^ KAI "OUTOI 'AN4, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OIMAI KATAGELWIEN 'EI
TI$ 'OIETAI TRAGWIDIAN 'ALLO TI 'EINAI 'H= THN TOUTWN SUSTASIN
PREPOUSAN 'ALLHLOI$ TE-KAI TW*I "OLWI SUNISTAMENHN.
SW ^ 'ALL' 'OUK 'AN4 'AGROIKW$ GE 'OIMAI LOIDORHSEIAN, 'ALL'
"WSPER 'AN4 MOUSIKO$ 'ENTUCWN 'ANDRI 'OIOMENWI "ARMONIKWI 'EINAI,
"OTI4 DH TUGCANEI0 'EPISTAMENO$ "W$ "OION-TE 'OXUTATHN KAI BARUTATHN
<P 268E>
CORDHN POIEIN, 'OUK 'AGRIW$ 'EIPOI 'AN4; 'W* MOCQHRE,
MELAGCOLA*I$0, 'ALL' "ATE MOUSIKO$ 'WN PRA\OTERON "OTI4 'W*
'ARISTE, 'ANAGKH MEN-KAI TAUT' 'EPISTASQAI TON MELLONTA
"ARMONIKON 'ESESQAI, 'OUDEN MHN KWLUEI0 MHDE SMIKRON "ARMONIA$
'EPAIEIN TON THN SHN "EXIN 'ECONTA; TA GAR PRO "ARMONIA$
'ANAGKAI*A MAQHMATA 'EPISTASAI 'ALL' 'OU TA "ARMONIKA.
FAI ^ 'ORQOTATA GE.


<P 269A>
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI "O SOFOKLH$ TON SFISIN 'EPIDEIKNUMENON
TA PRO TRAGWIDIA$ 'AN4 FAIH 'ALL' 'OU TA TRAGIKA, KAI "O 'AKOUMENO$
TA PRO 'IATRIKH$ 'ALL' 'OU TA 'IATRIKA.
FAI ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ TI= DE TON MELIGHRUN1 'ADRASTON1 'OIOMEQA 'H=-KAI
PERIKLEA, 'EI 'AKOUSEIAN "WN NUNDH "HMEI$ DIHIMEN TWN PAGKALWN
TECNHMATWN % BRACULOGIWN TE-KAI 'EIKONOLOGIWN KAI "OSA
'A=LLA DIELQONTE$ "UP' 'AUGA$ 'EFAMEN 'EINAI SKEPTEA % POTERON
<P 269B>
CALEPW$ 'AN4 'AUTOU$, "WSPER 'EGW TE-KAI SU, "UP' 'AGROIKIA$
"RHMA TI 'EIPEIN 'APAIDEUTON 'EI$ TOU$ TAUTA GEGRAFOTA$ TE-KAI
DIDASKONTA$ "W$ "RHTORIKHN TECNHN, 'H= "ATE "HMWN 'ONTA$ SOFWTEROU$
'KAN4 NWIN 'EPIPLHXAI0 'EIPONTA$; 'W* FAIDRE TE-KAI
SWKRATE$, 'OU CRH CALEPAINEIN 'ALLA= SUGGIGNWSKEIN, 'EI TINE$
MH 'EPISTAMENOI DIALEGESQAI 'ADUNATOI 'EGENONTO "ORISASQAI
TI= POT' 'ESTIN "RHTORIKH, 'EK DE TOUTOU TOU* PAQOU$ TA PRO
TH$ TECNH$ 'ANAGKAI*A MAQHMATA 'ECONTE$ "RHTORIKHN 'WIHQHSAN
<P 269C>
"HURHKENAI, KAI TAUTA DH DIDASKONTE$ 'ALLOU$ "HGOUNTAI SFISIN
TELEW$ "RHTORIKHN DEDIDACQAI, TO DE "EKASTA TOUTWN PIQANW$
LEGEIN TE-KAI TO "OLON SUNISTASQAI, 'OUDEN 'ERGON 'ON7, 'AUTOU$
DEIN PAR' "EAUTWN TOU$ MAQHTA$ SFWN PORIZESQAI 'EN TOI$
LOGOI$.
FAI ^ 'ALLA=-MHN, 'W* SWKRATE$, KINDUNEUEI0 GE TOIOUTON
TI 'EINAI TO TH$ TECNH$ "HN "OUTOI "OI 'ANDRE$ "W$ "RHTORIKHN
DIDASKOUSIN0 TE-KAI GRAFOUSIN0, KAI 'EMOIGE DOKEI$ 'ALHQH 'EIRHKENAI;
'ALLA=-DH THN TOU* TW*I-'ONTI "RHTORIKOU TE-KAI PIQANOU
<P 269D>
TECNHN PW*$ KAI PO=QEN 'AN4 TI$ DUNAITO PORISASQAI:
SW ^ TO MEN DUNASQAI, 'W* FAIDRE, "WSTE 'AGWNISTHN TELEON
GENESQAI, 'EIKO$ % 'ISW$ DE-KAI 'ANAGKAION % 'ECEIN "WSPER 'TALLA;
'EI MEN SOI4 "UPARCEI0 FUSEI "RHTORIKWI 'EINAI, 'ESHI2 "RHTWR 'ELLOGIMO$,
PROSLABWN 'EPISTHMHN TE-KAI MELETHN, "OTOU D' 'AN4
'ELLEIPHI$ TOUTWN, TAUTHI 'ATELH$ 'ESHI2. "OSON DE 'AUTOU4 TECNH,
'OUC "HI LUSIA$ TE-KAI QRASUMACO$ POREUETAI DOKEI0 MOI
FAINESQAI "H MEQODO$.
FAI ^ 'ALLA= PH*I DH:
<P 269E>
SW ^ KINDUNEUEI0, 'W* 'ARISTE, 'EIKOTW$ "O PERIKLH$ PANTWN
TELEWTATO$ 'EI$ THN "RHTORIKHN GENESQAI.
FAI ^ TI= DH:
SW ^ PASAI "OSAI MEGALAI TWN TECNWN PROSDEONTAI


<P 270A>
'ADOLESCIA$ KAI METEWROLOGIA$ FUSEW$ PE=RI; TO GAR "UYHLONOUN
TOUTO KAI PANTHI TELESIOURGON 'EOIKEN0 'ENTEUQEN POQEN
'EISIENAI. "O= KAI PERIKLH$ PRO$ TW*I 'EUFUH$ 'EINAI 'EKTHSATO;
PROSPESWN GAR 'OIMAI TOIOUTWI 'ONTI 'ANAXAGORA\, METEWROLOGIA$
'EMPLHSQEI$ KAI 'EPI FUSIN NOU TE-KAI DIANOIA$ 'AFIKOMENO$,
"WN DH PE=RI TON POLUN LOGON 'EPOIEITO 'ANAXAGORA$,
'ENTEUQEN "EILKUSEN 'EPI THN TWN LOGWN TECNHN TO PROSFORON
'AUTHI.
FAI ^ PW*$ TOUTO LEGEI$:
<P 270B>
SW ^ "O 'AUTO$ POU TROPO$ TECNH$ 'IATRIKH$ "OSPER KAI
"RHTORIKH$.
FAI ^ PW*$ DH:
SW ^ 'EN 'AMFOTERAI$ DEI DIELESQAI FUSIN, SWMATO$ MEN
'EN THI "ETERA\, YUCH$ DE 'EN THI "ETERA\, 'EI MELLEI$, MH TRIBHI
MONON KAI 'EMPEIRIA\ 'ALLA= TECNHI, TW*I MEN FARMAKA KAI TROFHN
PROSFERWN "UGIEIAN KAI "RWMHN 'EMPOIHSEIN, THI DE LOGOU$ TE-KAI
'EPITHDEUSEI$ NOMIMOU$ PEIQW "HN 'AN4 BOULHI3 KAI 'ARETHN
PARADWSEIN.
FAI ^ TO GOUN 'EIKO$, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OUTW$.
<P 270C>
SW ^ YUCH$ 'OUN FUSIN 'AXIW$ LOGOU KATANOHSAI0 'OIEI
DUNATON 'EINAI 'ANEU TH$ TOU* "OLOU FUSEW$:
FAI ^ 'EI MEN "IPPOKRATEI GE TW*I TWN 'ASKLHPIADWN
DEI TI PIQESQAI, 'OUDE PERI= SWMATO$ 'ANEU TH$ MEQODOU
TAUTH$.
SW ^ KALW$ GAR, 'W* "ETAIRE, LEGEI0; CRH MENTOI PRO$ TW*I
"IPPOKRATEI TON LOGON 'EXETAZONTA SKOPEIN 'EI SUMFWNEI0.
FAI ^ FHMI.
SW ^ TO TOINUN PERI= FUSEW$ SKOPEI5 TI= POTE LEGEI0 "IPPOKRATH$
TE-KAI "O 'ALHQH$ LOGO$. 'A*R' 'OUC "WDE DEI DIANOEISQAI
<P 270D>
PERI= "OTOUOUN FUSEW$; PRWTON MEN, "APLOUN 'H= POLUEIDE$
'ESTIN "OU2 PE=RI BOULHSOMEQA 'EINAI 'AUTOI TECNIKOI KAI 'ALLON
DUNATOI POIEIN, 'EPEITA DE, 'AN2 MEN "APLOUN 'HI, SKOPEIN THN
DUNAMIN 'AUTOU4, TI=NA PRO$ TI= PEFUKEN0 'EI$ TO DRAN 'ECON 'H=
TI=NA 'EI$ TO PAQEIN "UPO TOU*2, 'EA=N DE PLEIW 'EIDH 'ECHI5, TAUTA
'ARIQMHSAMENON, "OPER 'EF' "ENO$, TOUT' 'IDEIN 'EF' "EKASTOU, TW*I TI=
POIEIN 'AUTO PEFUKEN0 'H= TW*I TI= PAQEIN "UPO TOU*2:
FAI ^ KINDUNEUEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ "H GOUN 'ANEU TOUTWN MEQODO$ 'EOIKOI 'AN4 "WSPER
<P 270E>
TUFLOU POREIA\. 'ALL'-'OU-MHN 'APEIKASTEON TON GE TECNHI
METIONTA "OTIOUN TUFLWI 'OUDE KWFWI, 'ALLA= DHLON "W$, 'AN2
TWI TI$ TECNHI LOGOU$ DIDWI0, THN 'OUSIAN DEIXEI2 'AKRIBW$ TH$
FUSEW$ TOUTOU PRO$ "O= TOU$ LOGOU$ PROSOISEI2; 'ESTAI DE-POU
YUCH TOUTO.
FAI ^ TI= MHN:


<P 271A>
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N "H "AMILLA 'AUTWI TETATAI PRO$ TOUTO PASA;
PEIQW GAR 'EN TOUTWI POIEIN 'EPICEIREI0. 'H*-GAR:
FAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ DHLON 'A=RA "OTI4 "O QRASUMACO$ TE-KAI "O$4 'AN4 'ALLO$
SPOUDHI TECNHN "RHTORIKHN DIDWI0, PRWTON PASHI 'AKRIBEIA\ GRAYEI2
TE-KAI POIHSEI2 YUCHN 'IDEIN, POTERON "EN KAI "OMOION PEFUKEN0
'H= KATA SWMATO$ MORFHN POLUEIDE$; TOUTO GAR FAMEN FUSIN
'EINAI DEIKNUNAI.
FAI ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ DEUTERON DE-GE, "OTWI TI= POIEIN 'H= PAQEIN "UPO TOU*2
PEFUKEN0.
FAI ^ TI= MHN:
<P 271B>
SW ^ TRITON DE-DH DIATAXAMENO$ TA LOGWN TE-KAI YUCH$
GENH KAI TA TOUTWN PAQHMATA DIEISI PASA$ 'AITIA$, PROSARMOTTWN
"EKASTON "EKASTWI KAI DIDASKWN "OI=A 'OUSA "UF' "OIWN
LOGWN DI' "HN 'AITIAN 'EX 'ANAGKH$ "H MEN PEIQETAI, "H DE
'APEIQEI0.
FAI ^ KALLISTA GOUN 'AN4, "W$ 'EOIK'0, 'ECOI "OUTW$.
SW ^ 'OUTOI-MEN-'OUN, 'W* FILE, 'ALLW$ 'ENDEIKNUMENON 'H=
LEGOMENON TECNHI POTE LECQHSETAI 'H= GRAFHSETAI 'OUTE TI
<P 271C>
'ALLO 'OUTE TOUTO. 'ALL' "OI NU*N GRAFONTE$, "WN SU 'AKHKOA$,
TECNA$ LOGWN PANOURGOI 'EISIN KAI 'APOKRUPTONTAI, 'EIDOTE$
YUCH$ PE=RI PAGKALW$; PRIN 'AN4 'OUN TON TROPON TOUTON
LEGWSI TE-KAI GRAFWSI, MH PEIQWMEQA 'AUTOI$ TECNHI GRAFEIN.
FAI ^ TI=NA TOUTON:
SW ^ 'AUTA MEN TA "RHMATA 'EIPEIN 'OUK 'EUPETE$; "W$ DE DEI
GRAFEIN, 'EI MELLEI0 TECNIKW$ 'ECEIN KAQ' "OSON 'ENDECETAI,
LEGEIN 'EQELW0.
FAI ^ LEGE DH.
SW ^ 'EPEIDH LOGOU DUNAMI$ TUGCANEI0 YUCAGWGIA 'OUSA,
<P 271D>
TON MELLONTA "RHTORIKON 'ESESQAI 'ANAGKH 'EIDENAI YUCH "OSA
'EIDH 'ECEI0. 'ESTIN 'OUN TOSA KAI TOSA, KAI TOI*A KAI TOI*A,
"OQEN "OI MEN TOIOIDE, "OI DE TOIOIDE GIGNONTAI; TOUTWN DE-DH
"OUTW DIHIRHMENWN, LOGWN 'AU TOSA KAI TOSA 'ESTIN 'EIDH, TOIONDE
"EKASTON. "OI MEN-'OUN TOIOIDE "UPO TWN TOIWNDE LOGWN
DIA= THNDE THN 'AITIAN 'E$ TA TOIADE 'EUPEIQEI$, "OI DE TOIOIDE
DIA= TADE DUSPEIQEI$; DEI DH TAUTA "IKANW$ NOHSANTA, META
TAUTA QEWMENON 'AUTA 'EN TAI$ PRAXESIN 'ONTA TE-KAI PRATTOMENA,
<P 271E>
'OXEW$ THI 'AISQHSEI DUNASQAI 'EPAKOLOUQEIN, 'H= MHDEN
'EINAI PW PLEON 'AUTWI "WN TO=TE 'HKOUEN LOGWN SUNWN. "OTAN
DE 'EIPEIN TE "IKANW$ 'ECHI5 "OIO$ "UF' "OIWN PEIQETAI, PARAGIGNOMENON
TE DUNATO$ 'HI DIAISQANOMENO$ "EAUTWI 'ENDEIKNUSQAI "OTI4


<P 272A>
"OUTO$ 'ESTI KAI "AU=TH "H FUSI$ PERI= "H$ TO=TE 'HSAN "OI LOGOI,
NU*N 'ERGWI PAROUSA "OI2, "HI PROSOISTEON TOUSDE "WDE TOU$
LOGOU$ 'EPI THN TWNDE PEIQW, TAUTA D' 'HDH PANTA 'ECONTI,
PROSLABONTI KAIROU$ TOU* PO=TE LEKTEON KAI 'EPISCETEON,
BRACULOGIA$ TE 'AU KAI 'ELEINOLOGIA$ KAI DEINWSEW$ "EKASTWN
TE "OSA 'AN4 'EIDH MAQHI6 LOGWN, TOUTWN THN 'EUKAIRIAN TE-KAI
'AKAIRIAN DIAGNONTI, KALW$ TE-KAI TELEW$ 'ESTIN "H TECNH
'APEIRGASMENH, PROTERON D' 'OU=; 'ALL' "OTI2 'AN4 'AUTWN TI$
<P 272B>
'ELLEIPHI5 LEGWN 'H= DIDASKWN 'H= GRAFWN, FHI5 DE TECNHI LEGEIN,
"O MH PEIQOMENO$ KRATEI0. TI= DH-'OUN: FHSEI2 'ISW$ "O SUGGRAFEU$,
'W* FAIDRE TE-KAI SWKRATE$, DOKEI0 "OUTW$: MH 'ALLW$
PW$ 'APODEKTEON LEGOMENH$ LOGWN TECNH$:
FAI ^ 'ADUNATON POU, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALLW$; KAITOI 'OU
SMIKRON GE FAINETAI 'ERGON.
SW ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$. TOUTOU TOI "ENEKA CRH PANTA$ TOU$
LOGOU$ 'ANW KAI KATW METASTREFONTA 'EPISKOPEIN 'EI TI$ PHI
<P 272C>
"RA\WN KAI BRACUTE=RA FAINETAI 'EP' 'AUTHN "ODO$, "INA MH MATHN
POLLHN 'APIHI5 KAI TRACEIAN, 'EXON 'OLIGHN TE-KAI LEIAN. 'ALL'
'EI TINA PHI BOHQEIAN 'ECEI$ 'EPAKHKOW$ LUSIOU 'H= TINO$ 'ALLOU,
PEIRW5 LEGEIN 'ANAMIMNHISKOMENO$.
FAI ^ "ENEKA MEN PEIRA$ 'ECOIM' 'AN4, 'ALL' 'OUTI NU*N G'
"OUTW$ 'ECW0.
SW ^ BOULEI 'OUN 'EGW TIN' 'EIPW4 LOGON "ON TWN PERI= TAUTA
TINWN 'AKHKOA:
FAI ^ TI= MHN:
SW ^ LEGETAI GOUN, 'W* FAIDRE, DIKAION 'EINAI KAI TO TOU*
LUKOU 'EIPEIN.
<P 272D>
FAI ^ KAI SU GE "OUTW POIEI5.
SW ^ FASI0 TOINUN 'OUDEN "OUTW TAUTA DEIN SEMNUNEIN0 'OUD'
'ANAGEIN 'ANW MAKRAN PERIBALLOMENOU$; PANTAPASI GAR, "O=
KAI KAT' 'ARCA$ 'EIPOMEN TOUDE TOU* LOGOU, "OTI4 'OUDEN 'ALHQEIA$
METECEIN DEOI DIKAIWN 'H= 'AGAQWN PE=RI PRAGMATWN, 'H=-KAI
'ANQRWPWN GE TOIOUTWN FUSEI 'ONTWN0 'H= TROFHI, TON MELLONTA
"IKANW$ "RHTORIKON 'ESESQAI. TO PARAPAN GAR 'OUDEN 'EN TOI$
DIKASTHRIOI$ TOUTWN 'ALHQEIA$ MELEIN 'OUDENI, 'ALLA= TOU* PIQANOU;
<P 272E>
TOUTO D' 'EINAI TO 'EIKO$, "WI DEIN PROSECEIN TON MELLONTA
TECNHI 'EREIN2. 'OUDE-GAR 'AUTA TA7 PRACQENTA DEIN LEGEIN 'ENIOTE,
'EA=N MH 'EIKOTW$ 'HI-PEPRAGMENA, 'ALLA= TA 'EIKOTA, 'EN TE KATHGORIA\
KAI 'APOLOGIA\, KAI PANTW$ LEGONTA TO DH 'EIKO$ DIWKTEON
'EINAI, POLLA 'EIPONTA CAIREIN TW*I 'ALHQEI; TOUTO GAR DIA=


<P 273A>
PANTO$ TOU* LOGOU GIGNOMENON THN "APASAN TECNHN PORIZEIN.
FAI ^ 'AUTA GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, DIELHLUQA$ "A LEGOUSIN0 "OI
PERI= TOU$ LOGOU$ TECNIKOI PROSPOIOUMENOI 'EINAI; 'ANEMNHSQHN
GAR "OTI4 'EN TW*I PROSQEN BRACEW$ TOU* TOIOUTOU 'EFHYAMEQA,
DOKEI0 DE TOUTO PAMMEGA 'EINAI TOI$ PERI= TAUTA.
SW ^ 'ALLA=-MHN TON GE TEISIAN 'AUTON PEPATHKA$ 'AKRIBW$;
'EIPETW TOINUN-KAI TODE "HMIN "O TEISIA$, MH TI 'ALLO LEGEI0
<P 273B>
TO 'EIKO$ 'H= TO TW*I PLHQEI DOKOUN.
FAI ^ TI= GAR 'ALLO:
SW ^ TOUTO DH, "W$ 'EOIKE0, SOFON "EURWN "AMA KAI TECNIKON
'EGRAYEN "W$ 'EA=N TI$ 'ASQENH$ KAI 'ANDRIKO$ 'ISCURON KAI
DEILON SUGKOYA$, "IMATION 'H= TI 'ALLO 'AFELOMENO$, 'EI$ DIKASTHRION
'AGHTAI, DEI DH 'TALHQE$ MHDETERON LEGEIN, 'ALLA= TON
MEN DEILON MH "UPO MONOU FANAI TOU* 'ANDRIKOU SUGKEKOFQAI,
TON DE TOUTO MEN 'ELEGCEIN "W$ MONW 'HSTHN, 'EKEINWI DE KATACRHSASQAI
<P 273C>
TW*I PW*$1 D'1 'AN41 'EGW1 TOIOSDE1 TOIWIDE1 'EPECEIRHSA1:
"O D' 'OUK 'EREI2 DH THN "EAUTOU KA=KHN, 'ALLA= TI
'ALLO YEUDESQAI 'EPICEIRWN TAC' 'AN4 'ELEGCON PHI PARADOIH
TW*I 'ANTIDIKWI. KAI PERI= 'TALLA DH TOIAUT' 'ATTA 'ESTI TA
TECNHI LEGOMENA. 'OU-GAR, 'W* FAIDRE:
FAI ^ TI= MHN:
SW ^ FEU, DEINW$ G' 'EOIKEN0 'APOKEKRUMMENHN TECNHN 'ANEUREIN
"O TEISIA$ 'H= 'ALLO$ "OSTI$ DH POT' 'WN TUGCANEI0 KAI
"OPOQEN CAIREI0 'ONOMAZOMENO$. 'ATAR, 'W* "ETAIRE, TOUTWI "HMEI$
POTERON LEGWMEN 'H= MH %
<P 273D>
FAI ^ TO POI*ON:
SW ^ "OTI4, 'W* TEISIA, PALAI "HMEI$, PRIN KAI SE PARELQEIN,
TUGCANOMEN LEGONTE$ "W$ 'A=RA TOUTO TO 'EIKO$ TOI$ POLLOI$
DI' "OMOIOTHTA TOU* 'ALHQOU$ TUGCANEI0 'EGGIGNOMENON; TA$ DE
"OMOIOTHTA$ 'ARTI DIHLQOMEN "OTI4 PANTACOU "O THN 'ALHQEIAN
'EIDW$ KALLISTA 'EPISTATAI "EURISKEIN. "WST' 'EI MEN 'ALLO TI
PERI= TECNH$ LOGWN LEGEI$, 'AKOUOIMEN 'AN4; 'EI DE MH, "OI$
NUNDH DIHLQOMEN PEISOMEQA, "W$ 'EA=N MH TI$ TWN TE 'AKOUSOMENWN
<P 273E>
TA$ FUSEI$ DIARIQMHSHTAI, KAI KAT' 'EIDH TE DIAIREISQAI
TA 'ONTA KAI MIA*I 'IDEA\ DUNATO$ 'HI KAQ' "EN "EKASTON PERILAMBANEIN,
'OU POT' 'ESTAI TECNIKO$ LOGWN PE=RI KAQ' "OSON
DUNATON 'ANQRWPWI. TAUTA DE 'OU MH POTE KTHSHTAI 'ANEU
POLLH$ PRAGMATEIA$; "HN 'OUC "ENEKA TOU* LEGEIN KAI PRATTEIN
PRO$ 'ANQRWPOU$ DEI DIAPONEISQAI TON SWFRONA, 'ALLA= TOU*
QEOI$ KECARISMENA MEN LEGEIN DUNASQAI, KECARISMENW$ DE
PRATTEIN TO PAN 'EI$ DUNAMIN. 'OU-GAR-DH-'A=RA, 'W* TEISIA,
FASIN0 "OI SOFWTEROI "HMWN, "OMODOULOI$ DEI CARIZESQAI


<P 274A>
MELETAN TON NOUN 'ECONTA, "OTI2-MH PARERGON, 'ALLA= DESPOTAI$
'AGAQOI$ TE-KAI 'EX 'AGAQWN. "WST' 'EI MAKRA "H PERIODO$, MH
QAUMASHI$; MEGALWN GAR "ENEKA PERIITEON, 'OUC "W$ SU DOKEI$.
'ESTAI MHN, "W$ "O LOGO$ FHSIN, 'EA=N TI$ 'EQELHI5, KAI TAUTA
KALLISTA 'EX 'EKEINWN GIGNOMENA.
FAI ^ PAGKALW$ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0 LEGESQAI, 'W* SWKRATE$,
'EIPER "OIO$-TE TI$ 'EIH.
SW ^ 'ALLA=-KAI 'EPICEIROUNTI TOI TOI$ KALOI$ KALON KAI
<P 274B>
PASCEIN "OTI2 'AN4 TWI SUMBHI6 PAQEIN.
FAI ^ KAI MALA.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N TO MEN TECNH$ TE-KAI 'ATECNIA$ LOGWN PE=RI
"IKANW$ 'ECETW.
FAI ^ TI= MHN:
SW ^ TO D' 'EUPREPEIA$ DH GRAFH$ PE=RI KAI 'APREPEIA$, PH*I
GIGNOMENON KALW$ 'AN4 'ECOI KAI "OPHI 'APREPW$, LOIPON. 'H*-GAR:
FAI ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'OISQ' 'OUN "OPHI MALISTA QEWI CARIHI2 LOGWN PE=RI
PRATTWN 'H= LEGWN:
FAI ^ 'OUDAMW$; SU DE:
<P 274C>
SW ^ 'AKOHN G' 'ECW0 LEGEIN TWN PROTERWN, TO D' 'ALHQE$
'AUTOI 'ISASIN. 'EI DE TOUTO "EUROIMEN 'AUTOI, 'A*RA-G' 'AN4 'EQ'
"HMIN MELOI TI TWN 'ANQRWPINWN DOXASMATWN:
FAI ^ GELOION 'HROU; 'ALL' "A FH=I$ 'AKHKOENAI LEGE.
SW ^ 'HKOUSA TOINUN PERI= NAUKRATIN TH$ 'AIGUPTOU GENESQAI
TWN 'EKEI PALAIWN TINA QEWN, "OU2 KAI TO 'ORNEON "IERON
"O= DH KALOUSIN0 'IBIN; 'AUTWI DE 'ONOMA TW*I DAIMONI 'EINAI QEUQ.
TOUTON DH PRWTON 'ARIQMON TE-KAI LOGISMON "EUREIN KAI
<P 274D>
GEWMETRIAN KAI 'ASTRONOMIAN, 'ETI DE PETTEIA$ TE-KAI KUBEIA$,
KAI-DH-KAI GRAMMATA. BASILEW$ D' 'AU TO=TE 'ONTO$ 'AIGUPTOU
"OLH$ QAMOU PERI= THN MEGALHN POLIN TOU* 'ANW TOPOU "HN "OI
"ELLHNE$ 'AIGUPTIA$ QHBA$ KALOUSI0, KAI TON QEON 'AMMWNA,
PARA TOUTON 'ELQWN "O QEUQ TA$ TECNA$ 'EPEDEIXEN, KAI 'EFH
DEIN DIADOQHNAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ 'AIGUPTIOI$; "O DE 'HRETO "HNTINA
"EKASTH 'ECOI 'WFELIAN, DIEXIONTO$ DE, "OTI2 KALW$ 'H= MH
<P 274E>
KALW$ DOKOI LEGEIN, TO MEN 'EYEGEN, TO D' 'EPHINEI. POLLA
MEN-DH PERI= "EKASTH$ TH$ TECNH$ 'EP' 'AMFO=TERA QAMOUN TW*I
QEUQ LEGETAI 'APOFHNASQAI, "A LOGO$ POLU$ 'AN4 'EIH DIELQEIN;
'EPEIDH DE 'EPI TOI$ GRAMMASIN 'H*N, TOUTO DE, 'W* BASILEU, TO
MAQHMA, 'EFH "O QEUQ, SOFWTEROU$ 'AIGUPTIOU$ KAI MNHMONIKWTEROU$
PAREXEI2; MNHMH$ TE-GAR-KAI SOFIA$ FARMAKON
"HUREQH. "O D' 'EI*PEN; 'W* TECNIKWTATE QEUQ, 'ALLO$ MEN
TEKEIN DUNATO$ TA TECNH$, 'ALLO$ DE KRINAI0 TI=N' 'ECEI0 MOIRAN
BLABH$ TE-KAI 'WFELIA$ TOI$ MELLOUSI4 CRHSQAI; KAI NU*N


<P 275A>
SU, PATHR 'WN GRAMMATWN, DI' 'EUNOIAN 'TOUNANTION 'EIPE$ 'H=
DUNATAI. TOUTO GAR TWN MAQONTWN3 LHQHN MEN 'EN YUCAI$
PAREXEI2 MNHMH$ 'AMELETHSIA\, "ATE DIA= PISTIN GRAFH$ 'EXWQEN
"UP' 'ALLOTRIWN TUPWN, 'OUK 'ENDOQEN 'AUTOU$ "UF' "AUTWN 'ANAMIMNHISKOMENOU$;
'OU=KOUN MNHMH$ 'ALLA= "UPOMNHSEW$ FARMAKON
"HURE$. SOFIA$ DE TOI$ MAQHTAI$ DOXAN, 'OUK 'ALHQEIAN PORIZEI$;
POLUHKOOI GAR SOI4 GENOMENOI 'ANEU DIDACH$ POLUGNWMONE$
<P 275B>
'EINAI DOXOUSIN2, 'AGNWMONE$ "W$ 'EPI TO PLHQO$ 'ONTE$,
KAI CALEPOI SUNEINAI, DOXOSOFOI GEGONOTE$ 'ANTI SOFWN.
FAI ^ 'W* SWKRATE$, "RA\DIW$ SU 'AIGUPTIOU$ KAI "OPODAPOU$
'AN4 'EQELHI$ LOGOU$ POIEI$.
SW ^ "OI DE-G', 'W* FILE, 'EN TW*I TOU* DIO$ TOU* DWDWNAIOU
"IERWI DRUO$ LOGOU$ 'EFHSAN MANTIKOU$ PRWTOU$ GENESQAI.
TOI$ MEN-'OUN TO=TE, "ATE 'OUK 'OUSI SOFOI$ "WSPER "UMEI$ "OI NEOI,
'APECRH DRUO$ KAI PETRA$ 'AKOUEIN "UP' 'EUHQEIA$, 'EI MONON
<P 275C>
'ALHQH LEGOIEN; SOI4 D' 'ISW$ DIAFEREI0 TI=$ "O LEGWN KAI PODAPO$.
'OU-GAR 'EKEINO MONON SKOPEI$, 'EI=TE "OUTW$ 'EI=TE 'ALLW$ 'ECEI0:
FAI ^ 'ORQW$ 'EPEPLHXA$, KAI MOI DOKEI0 PERI= GRAMMATWN
'ECEIN "HIPER "O QHBAIO$ LEGEI0.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N "O TECNHN 'OIOMENO$ 'EN GRAMMASI KATALIPEIN,
KAI 'AU "O PARADECOMENO$ "W$ TI SAFE$ KAI BEBAION 'EK GRAMMATWN
'ESOMENON, POLLH$ 'AN4 'EUHQEIA$ GEMOI KAI TW*I-'ONTI THN
'AMMWNO$ MANTEIAN 'AGNOOI, PLEON TI 'OIOMENO$ 'EINAI LOGOU$
<P 275D>
GEGRAMMENOU$ TOU* TON 'EIDOTA "UPOMNHSAI0 PERI= "WN 'AN4 'HI TA
GEGRAMMENA.
FAI ^ 'ORQOTATA.
SW ^ DEINON GAR-POU, 'W* FAIDRE, TOUT' 'ECEI0 GRAFH, KAI
"W$ 'ALHQW$ "OMOION ZWGRAFIA\. KAI-GAR TA 'EKEINH$ 'EKGONA
"ESTHKE0 MEN "W$ ZWNTA, 'EA=N D' 'ANERHI3 TI, SEMNW$ PANU SIGA*I0.
'TAUTON DE-KAI "OI LOGOI; DOXAI$ MEN 'AN4 "W$ TI FRONOUNTA$
'AUTOU$ LEGEIN, 'EA=N DE TI 'ERHI3 TWN LEGOMENWN BOULOMENO$
MAQEIN, "EN TI SHMAINEI0 MONON 'TAUTON 'AEI. "OTAN DE "APAX
<P 275E>
GRAFHI, KULINDEITAI MEN PANTACOU PA$ LOGO$ "OMOIW$ PARA
TOI$ 'EPAIOUSIN4, "W$ D' "AUTW$ PAR' "OI$ 'OUDEN PROSHKEI0, KAI
'OUK 'EPISTATAI LEGEIN "OI$ DEI GE-KAI MH. PLHMMELOUMENO$
DE-KAI 'OUK 'EN DIKHI LOIDORHQEI$ TOU* PATRO$ 'AEI DEITAI BOHQOU;
'AUTO$ GAR-'OUT' 'AMUNASQAI 'OUTE BOHQHSAI0 DUNATO$ "AUTWI.
FAI ^ KAI TAUTA SOI4 'ORQOTATA 'EIRHTAI.


<P 276A>
SW ^ TI= D': 'ALLON "ORWMEN0 LOGON TOUTOU 'ADELFON GNHSION,
TW*I2 TROPWI TE GIGNETAI, KAI "OSWI 'AMEINWN KAI DUNATWTERO$
TOUTOU FUETAI:
FAI ^ TI=NA TOUTON KAI PW*$ LEGEI$ GIGNOMENON:
SW ^ "O$4 MET' 'EPISTHMH$ GRAFETAI 'EN THI TOU* MANQANONTO$
YUCHI, DUNATO$ MEN 'AMUNAI0 "EAUTWI, 'EPISTHMWN DE LEGEIN TE-KAI
SIGAN PRO$ "OU$ DEI.
FAI ^ TON TOU* 'EIDOTO$ LOGON LEGEI$ ZWNTA KAI 'EMYUCON,
"OU2 "O GEGRAMMENO$ 'EIDWLON 'AN4 TI LEGOITO DIKAIW$.
<P 276B>
SW ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN. TODE DH MOI 'EIPE=; "O NOUN
'ECWN GEWRGO$, "WN SPERMATWN KHDOITO KAI 'EGKARPA BOULOITO
GENESQAI, PO=TERA SPOUDHI 'AN4 QEROU$ 'EI$ 'ADWNIDO$ KHPOU$
'ARWN CAIROI QEWRWN KALOU$ 'EN "HMERAISIN 'OKTW GIGNOMENOU$,
'H= TAUTA MEN-DH PAIDIA$ TE-KAI "EORTH$ CARIN DRWIH 'AN4, "OTE
KAI POIOI*; 'EF' "OI$ DE 'ESPOUDAKEN0, THI GEWRGIKHI CRWMENO$ 'AN4
TECNHI, SPEIRA$ 'EI$ TO PROSHKON0, 'AGAPWIH 'AN4 'EN 'OGDOWI MHNI
"OSA 'ESPEIREN TELO$ LABONTA:
<P 276C>
FAI ^ "OUTW POU, 'W* SWKRATE$, TA MEN SPOUDHI, TA DE "W$
"ETERW$ 'AN4 "HI LEGEI$ POIOI*.
SW ^ TON DE DIKAIWN TE-KAI KALWN KAI 'AGAQWN 'EPISTHMA$
'ECONTA TOU* GEWRGOU FWMEN "HTTON NOUN 'ECEIN 'EI$ TA "EAUTOU
SPERMATA:
FAI ^ "HKISTA GE.
SW ^ 'OUK-'A=RA SPOUDHI 'AUTA 'EN "UDATI GRAYEI2 MELANI
SPEIRWN DIA= KALAMOU META LOGWN 'ADUNATWN MEN "AUTOI$
LOGWI BOHQEIN, 'ADUNATWN DE "IKANW$ 'TALHQH DIDAXAI0.
FAI ^ 'OU=KOUN-DH TO G' 'EIKO$.
<P 276D>
SW ^ 'OU-GAR; 'ALLA= TOU$ MEN 'EN GRAMMASI KHPOU$, "W$
'EOIKE0, PAIDIA$ CARIN SPEREI2 TE-KAI GRAYEI2, "OTAN DE8 GRAFHI5,
"EAUTWI TE "UPOMNHMATA QHSAURIZOMENO$, 'EI$ TO LHQH$1 GHRA$1
'EA=N "IKHTAI1, KAI PANTI TW*I 'TAUTON 'ICNO$ METIONTI, "HSQHSETAI
TE 'AUTOU$ QEWRWN FUOMENOU$ "APALOU$; "OTAN DE7
'ALLOI PAIDIAI$ 'ALLAI$ CRWNTAI2, SUMPOSIOI$ TE 'ARDONTE$ "AUTOU$
"ETEROI$ TE "OSA TOUTWN 'ADELFA, TO=T' 'EKEINO$, "W$ 'EOIKEN0,
'ANTI TOUTWN "OI$ LEGW0 PAIZWN DIAXEI2.
<P 276E>
FAI ^ PAGKALHN LEGEI$ PARA FAULHN PAIDIAN, 'W* SWKRATE$,
TOU* 'EN LOGOI$ DUNAMENOU PAIZEIN, DIKAIOSUNH$ TE-KAI
'ALLWN "WN LEGEI$ PE=RI MUQOLOGOUNTA.
SW ^ 'ESTI GAR, 'W* FILE FAIDRE, "OUTW; POLU D' 'OIMAI
KALLIWN SPOUDH PERI= 'AUTA GIGNETAI, "OTAN TI$ THI DIALEKTIKHI
TECNHI CRWMENO$, LABWN YUCHN PROSHKOUSAN, FUTEUHI5 TE-KAI
SPEIRHI5 MET' 'EPISTHMH$ LOGOU$, "OI=4 "EAUTOI$ TW*I TE FUTEUSANTI


<P 277A>
BOHQEIN "IKANOI KAI 'OUCI 'AKARPOI 'ALLA= 'ECONTE$ SPERMA, "OQEN
'ALLOI 'EN 'ALLOI$ 'HQESI FUOMENOI TOUT' 'AEI 'AQANATON PARECEIN
"IKANOI, KAI TON 'ECONTA 'EUDAIMONEIN POIOUNTE$ 'EI$ "OSON
'ANQRWPWI DUNATON MALISTA.
FAI ^ POLU GAR TOUT' 'ETI KALLION LEGEI$.
SW ^ NU*N DH 'EKEINA 'HDH, 'W* FAIDRE, DUNAMEQA KRINEIN0,
TOUTWN "WMOLOGHMENWN.
FAI ^ TA POI*A:
SW ^ "WN DH PE=RI BOULHQENTE$ 'IDEIN 'AFIKOMEQA 'EI$ TODE,
"OPW$ TO LUSIOU TE 'ONEIDO$ 'EXETASAIMEN TH$ TWN LOGWN
<P 277B>
GRAFH$ PE=RI, KAI 'AUTOU$ TOU$ LOGOU$ "OI=4 TECNHI KAI 'ANEU
TECNH$ GRAFOINTO. TO MEN-'OUN 'ENTECNON KAI MH DOKEI0 MOI
DEDHLWSQAI METRIW$.
FAI ^ 'EDOXE GE-DH; PALIN DE "UPOMNHSON2 ME PW*$.
SW ^ PRIN 'AN4 TI$ TO TE 'ALHQE$ "EKASTWN 'EIDHI PE=RI "WN
LEGEI0 'H= GRAFEI0, KAT' 'AUTO TE PAN "ORIZESQAI DUNATO$ GENHTAI,
"ORISAMENO$ TE PALIN KAT' 'EIDH MECRI TOU* 'ATMHTOU TEMNEIN
'EPISTHQHI, PERI= TE YUCH$ FUSEW$ DIIDWN KATA 'TAUTA, TO
<P 277C>
PROSARMOTTON "EKASTHI FUSEI 'EIDO$ 'ANEURISKWN, "OUTW TIQHI5
KAI DIAKOSMHI5 TON LOGON, POIKILHI MEN POIKILOU$ YUCHI KAI
PANARMONIOU$ DIDOU$ LOGOU$, "APLOU$ DE "APLHI, 'OU PROTERON
DUNATON TECNHI 'ESESQAI KAQ' "OSON PEFUKE0 METACEIRISQHNAI
TO LOGWN GENO$, 'OUTE TI PRO$ TO DIDAXAI0 'OUTE TI PRO$ TO
PEISAI0, "W$ "O 'EMPROSQEN PA$ MEMHNUKEN0 "HMIN LOGO$.
FAI ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN TOUTO GE "OUTW PW$ 'EFANH.
<P 277D>
SW ^ TI= D' 'AU PERI= TOU* KALON 'H= 'AISCRON 'EINAI TO LOGOU$
LEGEIN TE-KAI GRAFEIN, KAI "OPHI GIGNOMENON 'EN DIKHI LEGOIT'
'AN4 'ONEIDO$ 'H= MH, 'A*RA 'OU DEDHLWKEN0 TA LECQENTA 'OLIGON
'EMPROSQEN %
FAI ^ TA POI*A:
SW ^ "W$ 'EI=TE LUSIA$ 'H= TI$ 'ALLO$ PWPOTE 'EGRAYEN 'H=
GRAYEI2 'IDIA\ 'H= DHMOSIA\ NOMOU$ TIQEI=$, SUGGRAMMA POLITIKON
GRAFWN KAI MEGALHN TINA 'EN 'AUTWI BEBAIOTHTA "HGOUMENO$
KAI SAFHNEIAN, "OUTW MEN 'ONEIDO$ TW*I GRAFONTI, 'EI=TE TI$
FHSIN 'EI=TE MH; TO GAR 'AGNOEIN "UPAR TE-KAI 'ONAR DIKAIWN
<P 277E>
KAI 'ADIKWN PE=RI KAI KAKWN KAI 'AGAQWN 'OUK 'EKFEUGEI0 THI
'ALHQEIA\ MH 'OUK 'EPONEIDISTON 'EINAI, 'OUDE 'AN2 "O PA$ 'OCLO$
'AUTO 'EPAINESHI6.
FAI ^ 'OU-GAR-'OUN.
SW ^ "O DE-GE 'EN MEN TW*I GEGRAMMENWI LOGWI PERI= "EKASTOU
PAIDIAN TE "HGOUMENO$ POLLHN 'ANAGKAION 'EINAI, KAI 'OUDENA
PWPOTE LOGON 'EN METRWI 'OUD' 'ANEU METROU MEGALH$ 'AXION
SPOUDH$ GRAFHNAI, 'OUDE LECQHNAI "W$ "OI "RAYWIDOUMENOI 'ANEU
'ANAKRISEW$ KAI DIDACH$ PEIQOU$ "ENEKA 'ELECQHSAN, 'ALLA= TW*I-'ONTI


<P 278A>
'AUTWN TOU$ BELTISTOU$ 'EIDOTWN "UPOMNHSIN GEGONENAI,
'EN DE TOI$ DIDASKOMENOI$ KAI MAQHSEW$ CARIN LEGOMENOI$ KAI
TW*I-'ONTI GRAFOMENOI$ 'EN YUCHI PERI= DIKAIWN TE-KAI KALWN
KAI 'AGAQWN 'EN8 MONOI$ "HGOUMENO$ TO TE 'ENARGE$ 'EINAI KAI
TELEON KAI 'AXION SPOUDH$; DEIN DE TOU$ TOIOUTOU$ LOGOU$
"AUTOU LEGESQAI "OION "UEI$ GNHSIOU$ 'EINAI, PRWTON MEN TON
'EN "AUTWI, 'EA=N "EUREQEI$ 'ENHI5, 'EPEITA 'EI TINE$ TOUTOU 'EKGONOI
<P 278B>
TE-KAI 'ADELFOI "AMA 'EN 'ALLAISIN 'ALLWN YUCAI$ KAT' 'AXIAN
'ENEFUSAN; TOU$ DE 'ALLOU$ CAIREIN 'EWN % "OUTO$ DE "O TOIOUTO$
'ANHR KINDUNEUEI0, 'W* FAIDRE, 'EINAI "OION 'EGW TE-KAI SU 'EUXAIMEQ'
'AN4 SE TE-KAI 'EME GENESQAI.
FAI ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN 'EGWGE BOULOMAI TE-KAI 'EUCOMAI
"A LEGEI$.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'HDH PEPAISQW METRIW$ "HMIN TA PERI= LOGWN;
KAI SU TE 'ELQWN FRAZE LUSIA\ "OTI4 NW KATABANTE 'E$ TO
NUMFWN NAMA TE-KAI MOUSEION 'HKOUSAMEN LOGWN, "OI=4 'EPESTELLON
<P 278C>
LEGEIN LUSIA\ TE-KAI 'EI TI$ 'ALLO$ SUNTIQHSI LOGOU$,
KAI "OMHRWI KAI 'EI TI$ 'ALLO$ 'AU POIHSIN YILHN 'H= 'EN 'WIDHI
SUNTEQHKE0, TRITON DE SOLWNI KAI "OSTI$ 'EN POLITIKOI$ LOGOI$
NOMOU$ 'ONOMAZWN SUGGRAMMATA 'EGRAYEN; 'EI MEN 'EIDW$ "HI TO
'ALHQE$ 'ECEI0 SUNEQHKE TAUTA, KAI 'ECWN BOHQEIN, 'EI$ 'ELEGCON
'IWN PERI= "WN 'EGRAYE, KAI LEGWN 'AUTO$ DUNATO$ TA GEGRAMMENA
FAULA 'APODEIXAI0, 'OU TI TWNDE 'EPWNUMIAN 'ECONTA DEI
<P 278D>
LEGESQAI TON TOIOUTON, 'ALL' 'EF' "OI$ 'ESPOUDAKEN0 'EKEINWN.
FAI ^ TI=NA$ 'OUN TA$ 'EPWNUMIA$ 'AUTWI NEMEI$0:
SW ^ TO MEN SOFON, 'W* FAIDRE, KALEIN0 'EMOIGE MEGA
'EINAI DOKEI0 KAI QEWI MONWI PREPEIN; TO DE 'H= FILOSOFON 'H=
TOIOUTON TI MALLON TE 'AN4 'AUTWI KAI "ARMOTTOI KAI 'EMMELESTERW$
'ECOI.
FAI ^ KAI 'OUDEN GE 'APO TROPOU.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'AU TON MH 'ECONTA TIMIW=TERA "WN SUNEQHKEN
'H= 'EGRAYEN 'ANW KATW STREFWN 'EN CRONWI, PRO$ 'ALLHLA
<P 278E>
KOLLWN TE-KAI 'AFAIRWN, 'EN DIKHI POU POIHTHN 'H= LOGWN
SUGGRAFEA 'H= NOMOGRAFON PROSEREI$2:
FAI ^ TI= MHN:
SW ^ TAUTA TOINUN TW*I "ETAIRWI FRAZE.
FAI ^ TI= DE SU: PW*$ POIHSEI$: 'OUDE-GAR-'OUDE TON SON
"ETAIRON DEI PARELQEIN.
SW ^ TI=NA TOUTON:
FAI ^ 'ISOKRATH TON KALON; "WI TI= 'APAGGELEI$2, 'W* SWKRATE$:
TI=NA 'AUTON FHSOMEN 'EINAI:
SW ^ NEO$ 'ETI, 'W* FAIDRE, 'ISOKRATH$; "O= MENTOI MANTEUOMAI


<P 279A>
KAT' 'AUTOU4, LEGEIN 'EQELW0.
FAI ^ TO POI*ON DH:
SW ^ DOKEI0 MOI 'AMEINWN 'H= KATA TOU$ PERI= LUSIAN 'EINAI
LOGOU$ TA TH$ FUSEW$, 'ETI TE 'HQEI GENNIKWTERWI KEKRASQAI;
"WSTE 'OUDEN 'AN4 GENOITO QAUMASTON PROIOUSH$ TH$ "HLIKIA$ 'EI
PERI= 'AUTOU$ TE TOU$ LOGOU$, "OI$ NU*N 'EPICEIREI0, PLEON 'H=
PAIDWN DIENEGKOI TWN PWPOTE "AYAMENWN LOGWN, 'ETI TE 'EI
'AUTWI MH 'APOCRHSAI4 TAUTA, 'EPI MEIZW DE TI$ 'AUTON 'AGOI
"ORMH QEIOTE=RA; FUSEI GAR, 'W* FILE, 'ENESTI TI$ FILOSOFIA
<P 279B>
THI TOU* 'ANDRO$ DIANOIA\. TAUTA DH-'OUN 'EGW MEN PARA TWNDE
TWN QEWN "W$ 'EMOI$ PAIDIKOI$ 'ISOKRATEI 'EXAGGELLW0, SU D'
'EKEINA "W$ SOI$ LUSIA\.
FAI ^ TAUT' 'ESTAI; 'ALLA= 'IWMEN, 'EPEIDH KAI TO PNIGO$
'HPIWTERON GEGONEN0.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EUXAMENWI PREPEI0 TOISDE POREUESQAI:
FAI ^ TI= MHN:
SW ^ 'W* FILE PA=N TE-KAI 'ALLOI "OSOI THIDE QEOI, DOIHTE
MOI KALWI GENESQAI 'TANDOQEN; 'EXWQEN DE "OSA 'ECW0, TOI$ 'ENTO$
<P 279C>
'EINAI MOI FI=LIA. PLOUSION DE NOMIZOIMI TON SOFON; TO DE
CRUSOU PLHQO$ 'EIH MOI "OSON MHTE FEREIN MHTE 'AGEIN DUNAITO
'ALLO$ 'H= "O SWFRWN.
'ET' 'ALLOU TOU DEOMEQA, 'W* FAIDRE: 'EMOI4 MEN-GAR METRIW$
'HUKTAI.
FAI ^ KAI 'EMOI4 TAUTA SUNEUCOU; KOINA GAR TA TWN
FILWN.
SW ^ 'IWMEN.


<B TIM>


<P 17A>
SW ^ "EI$, DUO, TREI$; "O DE-DH TETARTO$ "HMIN, 'W* FILE TIMAIE,
POU* TWN CQE$ MEN DAITUMONWN, TA NU*N DE
"ESTIATORWN:
TI ^ 'ASQENEIA TI$ 'AUTWI SUNEPESEN, 'W* SWKRATE$; 'OU-GAR
'AN4 "EKWN THSDE 'APELEIPETO TH$ SUNOUSIA$.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N SON TWNDE TE 'ERGON KAI TO "UPER TOU* 'APONTO$
'ANAPLHROUN0 MERO$:
<P 17B>
TI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN, KAI KATA DUNAMIN GE 'OUDEN 'ELLEIYOMEN;
'OUDE-GAR 'AN4 'EIH DIKAION, CQE$ "UPO SOU4 XENISQENTA$
"OI$ 'H*N PREPON XENIOI$, MH 'OU PROQUMW$ SE TOU$ LOIPOU$ "HMWN
'ANTAFESTIAN.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN MEMNHSQE "OSA "UMIN KAI PERI= "WN 'EPETAXA
'EIPEIN:
TI ^ TA MEN MEMNHMEQA, "OSA DE MH, SU PARWN "UPOMNHSEI$;
MALLON DE, 'EI MH TI SOI4 CALEPON, 'EX 'ARCH$ DIA= BRACEWN PALIN
'EPANELQE 'AUTA, "INA BEBAIWQHI MALLON PAR' "HMIN.
<P 17C>
SW ^ TAUT' 'ESTAI. CQE$ POU TWN "UP' 'EMOU4 "RHQENTWN5
LOGWN PERI= POLITEIA$ 'H*N TO KEFALAION "OI=A TE-KAI 'EX "OIWN
'ANDRWN 'ARISTH KATEFAINET' 'AN4 MOI GENESQAI.
TI ^ KAI MALA GE "HMIN, 'W* SWKRATE$, "RHQEISA PASIN KATA
NOUN.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OU TO TWN GEWRGWN "OSAI TE 'ALLAI TECNAI
PRWTON 'EN 'AUTHI CWRI$ DIEILOMEQA 'APO TOU* GENOU$ TOU* TWN
PROPOLEMHSONTWN:
TI ^ NAI.
SW ^ KAI KATA FUSIN DH DONTE$ TO KAQ' "AUTON "EKASTWI
<P 17D>
PROSFORON "EN MONON 'EPITHDEUMA, MIAN "EKASTWI TECNHN, TOUTOU$
"OU$ PRO PANTWN 'EDEI POLEMEIN, 'EIPOMEN "W$ 'A=R' 'AUTOU$
DEOI FULAKA$ 'EINAI MONON TH$ POLEW$, 'EI=TE TI$ 'EXWQEN 'H=-KAI
TWN 'ENDOQEN 'IOI KAKOURGHSWN, DIKAZONTA$ MEN PRA\W$ TOI$


<P 18A>
'ARCOMENOI$ "UP' 'AUTWN KAI FUSEI FILOI$ 'OUSIN, CALEPOU$ DE
'EN TAI$ MACAI$ TOI$ 'ENTUGCANOUSIN4 TWN 'ECQRWN GIGNOMENOU$.
TI ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ FUSIN GAR 'OIMAI TINA TWN FULAKWN TH$ YUCH$
'ELEGOMEN "AMA MEN QUMOEIDH, "AMA DE FILOSOFON DEIN 'EINAI
DIAFERONTW$, "INA PRO$ "EKATEROU$ DUNAINTO 'ORQW$ PRA*IOI KAI
CALEPOI GIGNESQAI.
TI ^ NAI.
SW ^ TI= DE TROFHN: 'A*R' 'OU GUMNASTIKHI KAI MOUSIKHI MAQHMASIN
TE "OSA PROSHKEI0 TOUTOI$, 'EN "APASI TEQRAFQAI:
TI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
<P 18B>
SW ^ TOU$ DE-GE "OUTW TRAFENTA$ 'ELECQH POU-MHTE CRUSON
MHTE 'ARGURON MHTE 'ALLO POTE MHDEN KTHMA "EAUTWN 'IDION
NOMIZEIN DEIN, 'ALL' "W$ 'EPIKOUROU$ MISQON LAMBANONTA$ TH$
FULAKH$ PARA TWN SWIZOMENWN "UP' 'AUTWN, "OSO$ SWFROSIN
METRIO$, 'ANALISKEIN TE-DH KOINHI KAI SUNDIAITWMENOU$ META
'ALLHLWN ZHN, 'EPIMELEIAN 'ECONTA$ 'ARETH$ DIA= PANTO$, TWN
'ALLWN 'EPITHDEUMATWN 'AGONTA$ SCOLHN.
TI ^ 'ELECQH KAI TAUTA TAUTHI.
<P 18C>
SW ^ KAI-MEN-DH-KAI PERI= GUNAIKWN 'EPEMNHSQHMEN, "W$ TA$
FUSEI$ TOI$ 'ANDRASIN PARAPLHSIA$ 'EIH SUNARMOSTEON, KAI TA
'EPITHDEUMATA PANTA KOINA KATA TE POLEMON KAI KATA THN
'ALLHN DIAITAN DOTEON PASAI$.
TI ^ TAUTHI KAI TAUTA 'ELEGETO.
SW ^ TI= DE-DH TO PERI= TH$ PAIDOPOIIA$: 'H= TOUTO MEN DIA=
THN 'AHQEIAN TWN LECQENTWN5 'EUMNHMONEUTON, "OTI4 KOINA TA TWN
GAMWN KAI TA TWN PAIDWN PASIN "APANTWN 'ETIQEMEN, MHCANWMENOU$
"OPW$ MHDEI$ POTE TO GEGENHMENON 'AUTWN 'IDIA\ GNWSOITO,
<P 18D>
NOMIOUSIN2 DE PANTE$ PANTA$ 'AUTOU$ "OMOGENEI$, 'ADELFA$
MEN-KAI 'ADELFOU$ "OSOIPER 'AN4 TH$ PREPOUSH$ 'ENTO$ "HLIKIA$
GIGNWNTAI, TOU$ D' 'EMPROSQEN KAI 'ANWQEN GONEA$ TE-KAI
GONEWN PROGONOU$, TOU$ D' 'EI$ TO KATWQEN 'EKGONOU$ PAIDA$
TE 'EKGONWN:
TI ^ NAI, KAI TAUTA 'EUMNHMONEUTA "HI LEGEI$.
SW ^ "OPW$ DE-DH KATA DUNAMIN 'EUQU$ GIGNOINTO "W$ 'ARISTOI
TA$ FUSEI$, 'A*R' 'OU MEMNHMEQA "W$ TOU$ 'ARCONTA$ 'EFAMEN KAI
TA$ 'ARCOUSA$ DEIN 'EI$ THN TWN GAMWN SUNERXIN LAQRA\
<P 18E>
MHCANASQAI KLHROI$ TISIN "OPW$ "OI KAKOI CWRI$ "OI T' 'AGAQOI
TAI$ "OMOIAI$ "EKATEROI SULLHXONTAI, KAI MH TI$ 'AUTOI$ 'ECQRA DIA=
TAUTA GIGNHTAI, TUCHN "HGOUMENOI$ 'AITIAN TH$ SULLHXEW$:
TI ^ MEMNHMEQA.


<P 19A>
SW ^ KAI-MHN "OTI4 GE TA MEN TWN 'AGAQWN QREPTEON 'EFAMEN
'EINAI, TA DE TWN KAKWN 'EI$ THN 'ALLHN LAQRA\ DIADOTEON POLIN;
'EPAUXANOMENWN DE SKOPOUNTA$ 'AEI TOU$ 'AXIOU$ PALIN 'ANAGEIN
DEIN, TOU$ DE PARA SFISIN 'ANAXIOU$ 'EI$ THN TWN 'EPANIONTWN0
CWRAN METALLATTEIN:
TI ^ "OUTW$.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN-DH DIELHLUQAMEN 'HDH KAQAPER CQE$, "W$
'EN KEFALAIOI$ PALIN 'EPANELQEIN, 'H= POQOUMEN 'ETI TI TWN
"RHQENTWN5, 'W* FILE TIMAIE, "W$ 'APOLEIPOMENON:
<P 19B>
TI ^ 'OUDAMW$, 'ALLA= 'AUTA TAUT' 'H*N TA LECQENTA, 'W*
SWKRATE$.
SW ^ 'AKOUOIT' 'AN4 'HDH TA META TAUTA PERI= TH$ POLITEIA$
"HN DIHLQOMEN, "OION TI PRO$ 'AUTHN PEPONQW$ TUGCANW0. PROSEOIKEN0
DE-DH TINI MOI TOIWIDE TO PAQO$, "OION 'EI TI$ ZWIA KALA
POU QEASAMENO$, 'EI=TE "UPO GRAFH$ 'EIRGASMENA 'EI=TE-KAI ZWNTA
'ALHQINW$ "HSUCIAN DE 'AGONTA, 'EI$ 'EPIQUMIAN 'AFIKOITO QEASASQAI
KINOUMENA TE 'AUTA KAI TI TWN TOI$ SWMASIN DOKOUNTWN0
<P 19C>
PROSHKEIN KATA THN 'AGWNIAN 'AQLOUNTA; 'TAUTON KAI 'EGW
PEPONQA PRO$ THN POLIN "HN DIHLQOMEN. "HDEW$ GAR 'AN4 TOU
LOGWI DIEXIONTO$ 'AKOUSAIM' 'AN4 'AQLOU$ "OU$ POLI$ 'AQLEI0, TOUTOU$
'AUTHN 'AGWNIZOMENHN PRO$ POLEI$ 'ALLA$, PREPONTW$ 'EI$ TE
POLEMON 'AFIKOMENHN KAI 'EN TW*I POLEMEIN TA PROSHKONTA
'APODIDOUSAN THI PAIDEIA\ KAI TROFHI KATA TE TA$ 'EN TOI$
'ERGOI$ PRAXEI$ KAI KATA TA$ 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$ DIERMHNEUSEI$
PRO$ "EKASTA$ TWN POLEWN. TAUT' 'OUN, 'W* KRITIA KAI "ERMOKRATE$,
<P 19D>
'EMAUTOU MEN 'AUTO$ KATEGNWKA MH POT' 'AN4 DUNATO$
GENESQAI TOU$ 'ANDRA$ KAI THN POLIN "IKANW$ 'EGKWMIASAI0. KAI
TO MEN 'EMON 'OUDEN QAUMASTON; 'ALLA= THN 'AUTHN DOXAN 'EILHFA
KAI PERI= TWN PALAI GEGONOTWN KAI PERI= TWN NU*N 'ONTWN0
POIHTWN, 'OUTI TO POIHTIKON 'ATIMAZWN GENO$, 'ALLA= PANTI
DHLON "W$ TO MIMHTIKON 'EQNO$, "OI$ 'AN4 'ENTRAFHI, TAUTA MIMHSETAI
"RA*ISTA KAI 'ARISTA, TO D' 'EKTO$ TH$ TROFH$ "EKASTOI$
<P 19E>
GIGNOMENON CALEPON MEN 'ERGOI$, 'ETI DE CALEPWTERON LOGOI$
'EU MIMEISQAI. TO DE TWN SOFISTWN GENO$ 'AU POLLWN MEN
LOGWN KAI KALWN 'ALLWN MAL' 'EMPEIRON "HGHMAI, FOBOUMAI
DE MH PW$, "ATE PLANHTON 'ON KATA POLEI$ 'OIKHSEI$ TE 'IDIA$
'OUDAMHI DIWIKHKO$, 'ASTOCON "AMA FILOSOFWN 'ANDRWN 'HI KAI
POLITIKWN, "OS' 'AN4 "OI*A TE 'EN POLEMWI KAI MACAI$ PRATTONTE$
'ERGWI KAI LOGWI PROSOMILOUNTE$ "EKASTOI$ PRATTOIEN KAI
LEGOIEN. KATALELEIPTAI DH TO TH$ "UMETERA$ "EXEW$ GENO$,


<P 20A>
"AMA 'AMFOTERWN FUSEI KAI TROFHI METECON. TIMAIO$ TE-GAR
"ODE, 'EUNOMWTATH$ 'WN POLEW$ TH$ 'EN 'ITALIA\ LOKRIDO$, 'OUSIA\
KAI GENEI 'OUDENO$ "USTERO$ 'WN TWN 'EKEI, TA$ MEGISTA$ MEN
'ARCA$ TE-KAI TIMA$ TWN 'EN THI POLEI METAKECEIRISTAI, FILOSOFIA$
D' 'AU KAT' 'EMHN DOXAN 'EP' 'AKRON "APASH$ 'ELHLUQEN0;
KRITIAN DE-POU PANTE$ "OI THIDE 'ISMEN 'OUDENO$ 'IDIWTHN 'ONTA "WN
LEGOMEN. TH$ DE "ERMOKRATOU$ 'AU PERI= FUSEW$ KAI TROFH$,
PRO$ "APANTA TAUT' 'EINAI "IKANHN POLLWN MARTUROUNTWN0
<P 20B>
PISTEUTEON. DIO KAI CQE$ 'EGW DIANOOUMENO$, "UMWN DEOMENWN
TA PERI= TH$ POLITEIA$ DIELQEIN, PROQUMW$ 'ECARIZOMHN, 'EIDW$
"OTI4 TON "EXH$ LOGON 'OUDENE$ 'AN4 "UMWN 'EQELONTWN0 "IKANWTERON
'APODOIEN % 'EI$ GAR POLEMON PREPONTA KATASTHSANTE$ THN
POLIN "APANT' 'AUTHI TA PROSHKONTA 'APODOIT' 'AN4 MONOI TWN
NU*N % 'EIPWN DH 'TAPITACQENTA 'ANTEPETAXA "UMIN "A KAI NU*N
LEGW0. SUNWMOLOGHSAT' 'OUN KOINHI SKEYAMENOI PRO$ "UMA$-'AUTOU$
<P 20C>
'EI$ NU*N 'ANTAPODWSEIN MOI TA TWN LOGWN XENIA, PAREIMI
TE-'OUN-DH KEKOSMHMENO$ 'EP' 'AUTA KAI PANTWN "ETOIMOTATO$ 'WN
DECESQAI.
ER ^ KAI-MEN-DH, KAQAPER 'EI*PEN TIMAIO$ "ODE, 'W* SWKRATE$,
'OUTE 'ELLEIYOMEN PROQUMIA$ 'OUDEN 'OUTE 'ESTIN 'OUDEMIA PROFASI$
"HMIN TOU* MH DRAN TAUTA; "WSTE KAI CQE$, 'EUQU$ 'ENQENDE
'EPEIDH PARA KRITIAN PRO$ TON XENWNA "OU4 KAI KATALUOMEN
'AFIKOMEQA, KAI 'ETI PROTERON KAQ' "ODON 'AUTA TAUT' 'ESKOPOUMEN.
<P 20D>
"ODE 'OUN "HMIN LOGON 'EISHGHSATO 'EK PALAIA$ 'AKOH$; "ON KAI
NU*N LEGE, 'W* KRITIA, TWIDE, "INA SUNDOKIMASHI6 PRO$ THN 'EPITAXIN
'EI=T' 'EPITHDEIO$ 'EI=TE 'ANEPITHDEIO$ 'ESTI.
KR ^ TAUTA CRH DRAN, 'EI KAI TW*I TRITWI KOINWNWI TIMAIWI
SUNDOKEI0.
TI ^ DOKEI0 MHN.
KR ^ 'AKOUE DH, 'W* SWKRATE$, LOGOU MALA MEN 'ATOPOU,
PANTAPASI GE-MHN 'ALHQOU$, "W$ "O TWN "EPTA SOFWTATO$
<P 20E>
SOLWN POT' 'EFH. 'H*N MEN-'OUN 'OIKEIO$ KAI SFO=DRA FILO$ "HMIN
DRWPIDOU TOU* PROPAPPOU, KAQAPER LEGEI0 POLLACOU KAI
'AUTO$ 'EN THI POIHSEI; PRO$ DE KRITIAN TON "HMETERON PAPPON
'EI*PEN, "W$ 'APEMNHMONEUEN 'AU PRO$ "HMA$ "O GERWN, "OTI4 MEGALA
KAI QAUMASTA THSD' 'EIH PALAIA 'ERGA TH$ POLEW$ "UPO CRONOU
KAI FQORA$ 'ANQRWPWN 'HFANISMENA, PANTWN DE "EN MEGISTON,


<P 21A>
"OU2 NU*N 'EPIMNHSQEISIN PREPON 'AN4 "HMIN 'EIH SOI4 TE 'APODOUNAI0
CARIN KAI THN QEON "AMA 'EN THI PANHGUREI DIKAIW$ TE-KAI
'ALHQW$ "OIONPER "UMNOUNTA$ 'EGKWMIAZEIN.
SW ^ 'EU LEGEI$. 'ALLA=-DH POI*ON 'ERGON TOUTO KRITIA$ 'OU
LEGOMENON MEN, "W$ DE PRACQEN 'ONTW$ "UPO THSDE TH$ POLEW$
'ARCAION DIHGEITO KATA THN SOLWNO$ 'AKOHN:
KR ^ 'EGW FRASW2, PALAION 'AKHKOW$ LOGON 'OU NEOU 'ANDRO$.
'H*N MEN-GAR-DH TO=TE KRITIA$, "W$ 'EFH, SCEDON 'EGGU$
<P 21B>
'HDH TWN 'ENENHKONTA 'ETWN, 'EGW DE PHI MALISTA DEKETH$; "H
DE KOUREWTI$ "HMIN 'OUSA 'ETUGCANEN 'APATOURIWN. TO DH TH$
"EORTH$ SUNHQE$ "EKASTOTE KAI TO=TE SUNEBH TOI$ PAISIN; 'AQLA
GAR "HMIN "OI PATERE$ 'EQESAN "RAYWIDIA$. POLLWN MEN-'OUN-DH-KAI
POLLA 'ELECQH POIHTWN POIHMATA, "ATE DE NEA KAT'
'EKEINON TON CRONON 'ONTA TA SOLWNO$ POLLOI TWN PAIDWN
'HISAMEN. 'EI*PEN 'OUN TI$ TWN FRATERWN, 'EI=TE-DH DOKOUN 'AUTWI
TO=TE 'EI=TE-KAI CARIN TINA TW*I KRITIA\ FERWN, DOKEIN "OI2 TA TE
<P 21C>
'A=LLA SOFWTATON GEGONENAI SOLWNA KAI KATA THN POIHSIN
'AU TWN POIHTWN PANTWN 'ELEUQERIWTATON. "O DH GERWN %
SFO=DRA GAR-'OUN MEMNHMAI % MALA TE "HSQH KAI DIAMEIDIASA$
'EI*PEN; 'EI GE, 'W* 'AMUNANDRE, MH PARERGWI THI POIHSEI KATECRHSATO,
'ALL' 'ESPOUDAKEI KAQAPER 'ALLOI, TON TE LOGON "ON
'AP' 'AIGUPTOU DEURO 'HNEGKATO 'APETELESEN, KAI MH DIA= TA$
STASEI$ "UPO KAKWN TE 'ALLWN "OSA "HUREN 'ENQADE "HKWN 'HNAGKASQH
<P 21D>
KATAMELHSAI0, KATA GE 'EMHN DOXAN 'OUTE "HSIODO$ 'OUTE
"OMHRO$ 'OUTE 'ALLO$ 'OUDEI$ POIHTH$ 'EUDOKIMWTERO$ 'EGENETO
'AN4 POTE 'AUTOU4. TI=$ D' 'H*N "O LOGO$, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'W* KRITIA:
'H* PERI= MEGISTH$ 'EFH, KAI 'ONOMASTOTATH$ PASWN DIKAIOTAT'
'AN4 PRAXEW$ 'OUSH$, "HN "HDE "H POLI$ 'EPRAXE MEN, DIA=
DE CRONON KAI FQORAN TWN 'ERGASAMENWN 'OU DIHRKESE DEURO "O
LOGO$. LEGE 'EX 'ARCH$, 'H*-D'-"O$, TI= TE-KAI PW*$ KAI
PARA TI=NWN "W$ 'ALHQH DIAKHKOW$ 'ELEGEN "O SOLWN.
<P 21E>
'ESTIN TI$ KAT' 'AIGUPTON, 'H*-D'-"O$, 'EN TW*I DELTA, PERI=
"ON KATA KORUFHN SCIZETAI TO TOU* NEILOU "REUMA SAITIKO$
'EPIKALOUMENO$0 NOMO$, TOUTOU DE TOU* NOMOU MEGISTH POLI$
SA=I$ % "OQEN DH-KAI 'AMASI$ 'H*N "O BASILEU$ % "OI$ TH$ POLEW$
QEO$ 'ARCHGO$ TI$ 'ESTIN, 'AIGUPTISTI MEN 'TOUNOMA NHIQ, "ELLHNISTI
DE, "W$ "O 'EKEINWN LOGO$, 'AQHNA; MALA DE FILAQHNAIOI
KAI TINA TROPON 'OIKEIOI TWND' 'EINAI FASIN0. "OI*4 DH
SOLWN 'EFH POREUQEI$ SFO=DRA TE GENESQAI PAR' 'AUTOI$ 'ENTIMO$,


<P 22A>
KAI-DH-KAI TA PALAIA 'ANERWTWN POTE TOU$ MALISTA PERI=
TAUTA TWN "IEREWN 'EMPEIROU$, SCEDON 'OUTE "AUTON 'OUTE 'ALLON
"ELLHNA 'OUDENA 'OUDEN "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN 'EIDOTA PERI= TWN TOIOUTWN
'ANEUREIN. KAI POTE PROAGAGEIN BOULHQEI$ 'AUTOU$ PERI=
TWN 'ARCAIWN 'EI$ LOGOU$, TWN THIDE TA 'ARCAIOTATA LEGEIN
'EPICEIREIN, PERI= FORWNEW$ TE TOU* PRWTOU LECQENTO$ KAI
NIOBH$, KAI META TON KATAKLUSMON 'AU PERI= DEUKALIWNO$
<P 22B>
KAI PURRA$ "W$ DIEGENONTO MUQOLOGEIN, KAI TOU$ 'EX 'AUTWN
GENEALOGEIN, KAI TA TWN 'ETWN "OSA 'H*N "OI$ 'ELEGEN PEIRASQAI
DIAMNHMONEUWN TOU$ CRONOU$ 'ARIQMEIN; KAI TINA 'EIPEIN TWN
"IEREWN 'EU MALA PALAION; 'W* SOLWN, SOLWN, "ELLHNE$ 'AEI
PAIDE$ 'ESTE0, GERWN DE "ELLHN 'OUK 'ESTIN. 'AKOUSA$ 'OUN,
PW*$ TI= TOUTO LEGEI$: FANAI. NEOI 'ESTE0, 'EIPEIN, TA$
YUCA$ PANTE$; 'OUDEMIAN GAR 'EN 'AUTAI$ 'ECETE0 DI' 'ARCAIAN
'AKOHN PALAIAN DOXAN 'OUDE MAQHMA CRONWI POLION 'OUDEN. TO
<P 22C>
DE TOUTWN 'AITION TODE. POLLAI KATA POLLA FQORAI GEGONASIN
'ANQRWPWN KAI 'ESONTAI, PURI MEN-KAI "UDATI MEGISTAI,
MURIOI$ DE 'ALLOI$ "ETERAI BRACUTERAI. TO GAR-'OUN-KAI PAR'
"UMIN LEGOMENON, "W$ POTE FAEQWN "HLIOU PAI$ TO TOU* PATRO$
"ARMA ZEUXA$ DIA= TO MH DUNATO$ 'EINAI KATA THN TOU* PATRO$
"ODON 'ELAUNEIN TA T' 'EPI GH$ SUNEKAUSEN KAI 'AUTO$ KERAUNWQEI$
DIEFQARH, TOUTO MUQOU MEN SCHMA 'ECON LEGETAI, TO DE
<P 22D>
'ALHQE$ 'ESTI TWN PERI= GHN KAT' 'OURANON 'IONTWN0 PARALLAXI$
KAI DIA= MAKRWN CRONWN GIGNOMENH TWN 'EPI GH$ PURI POLLWI
FQORA. TO=TE 'OUN "OSOI KAT' 'ORH KAI 'EN "UYHLOI$ TOPOI$ KAI
'EN XHROI$ 'OIKOUSIN0 MALLON DIOLLUNTAI TWN POTAMOI$ KAI QALATTHI
PROSOIKOUNTWN0; "HMIN DE "O NEILO$ 'EI$ TE 'TALLA SWTHR
KAI TO=TE 'EK TAUTH$ TH$ 'APORIA$ SWIZEI0 LUOMENO$. "OTAN D'
'AU QEOI THN GHN "UDASIN KAQAIRONTE$ KATAKLUZWSIN, "OI MEN
'EN TOI$ 'ORESIN DIASWIZONTAI BOUKOLOI NOMH$ TE, "OI D' 'EN TAI$
<P 22E>
PAR' "UMIN POLESIN 'EI$ THN QALATTAN "UPO TWN POTAMWN FERONTAI;
KATA DE THNDE CWRAN 'OUTE TO=TE 'OUTE 'ALLOTE 'ANWQEN
'EPI TA$ 'AROURA$ "UDWR 'EPIRREI0, TO D' 'ENANTION KATWQEN PAN
'EPANIENAI PEFUKEN0. "OQEN KAI DI' "A$ 'AITIA$ 'TANQADE SWIZOMENA
LEGETAI PALAIOTATA; TO DE 'ALHQE$, 'EN PASIN TOI$
TOPOI$ "OPOU MH CEIMWN 'EXAISIO$ 'H= KAUMA 'APEIRGEI0, PLEON,


<P 23A>
TOTE= DE 'ELATTON 'AEI GENO$ 'ESTIN 'ANQRWPWN. "OSA DE 'H= PAR'
"UMIN 'H= THIDE 'H=-KAI KAT' 'ALLON TOPON "WN 'AKOHI 'ISMEN, 'EI POU
TI KALON 'H= MEGA GEGONEN0 'H=-KAI TINA DIAFORAN 'ALLHN 'ECON,
PANTA GEGRAMMENA 'EK PALAIOU THID' 'ESTIN 'EN TOI$ "IEROI$ KAI
SESWSMENA; TA DE PAR' "UMIN KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ 'ARTI KATESKEUASMENA
"EKASTOTE TUGCANEI0 GRAMMASI KAI "APASIN "OPOSWN
POLEI$ DEONTAI, KAI PALIN DI' 'EIWQOTWN 'ETWN "WSPER NOSHMA
"HKEI0 FEROMENON 'AUTOI$ "REUMA 'OURANION KAI TOU$ 'AGRAMMATOU$
<P 23B>
TE-KAI 'AMOUSOU$ 'ELIPEN "UMWN, "WSTE PALIN 'EX 'ARCH$ "OION
NEOI GIGNESQE0, 'OUDEN 'EIDOTE$ 'OUTE TWN THIDE 'OUTE TWN PAR'
"UMIN, "OSA 'H*N 'EN TOI$ PALAIOI$ CRONOI$. TA GOUN NUNDH
GENEALOGHQENTA, 'W* SOLWN, PERI= TWN PAR' "UMIN "A DIHLQE$,
PAIDWN BRACU TI DIAFEREI0 MUQWN, "OI=4 PRWTON MEN "ENA GH$
KATAKLUSMON MEMNHSQE POLLWN 'EMPROSQEN GEGONOTWN, 'ETI
DE TO KALLISTON KAI 'ARISTON GENO$ 'EP' 'ANQRWPOU$ 'EN THI
CWRA\ PAR' "UMIN 'OUK 'ISTE0 GEGONO$, 'EX "WN SU TE-KAI PASA "H
<P 23C>
POLI$ 'ESTIN TA NU*N "UMWN, PERILEIFQENTO$ POTE SPERMATO$
BRACEO$, 'ALL' "UMA$ LELHQEN0 DIA= TO TOU$ PERIGENOMENOU$ 'EPI
POLLA$ GENEA$ GRAMMASIN TELEUTAN 'AFWNOU$. 'H*N GAR-DH
POTE, 'W* SOLWN, "UPER THN MEGISTHN FQORAN "UDASIN "H NU*N
'AQHNAIWN 'OUSA POLI$ 'ARISTH PRO$ TE TON POLEMON KAI
KATA PANTA 'EUNOMWTATH DIAFERONTW$; "HI KALLISTA 'ERGA KAI
POLITEIAI GENESQAI LEGONTAI KALLISTAI PASWN "OPOSWN "UPO
<P 23D>
TON 'OURANON "HMEI$ 'AKOHN PAREDEXAMEQA. 'AKOUSA$ 'OUN "O
SOLWN 'EFH QAUMASAI0 KAI PASAN PROQUMIAN SCEIN DEOMENO$
TWN "IEREWN PANTA DI' 'AKRIBEIA$ "OI2 TA PERI= TWN PALAI POLITWN
"EXH$ DIELQEIN. TON 'OUN "IEREA FANAI; FQONO$ 'OUDEI$,
'W* SOLWN, 'ALLA= SOU4 TE "ENEKA 'ERW2 KAI TH$ POLEW$ "UMWN,
MALISTA DE TH$ QEOU CARIN, "H=4 THN TE "UMETERAN KAI THNDE
'ELACEN KAI 'EQREYEN KAI 'EPAIDEUSEN, PROTERAN MEN THN PAR'
<P 23E>
"UMIN 'ETESIN CILIOI$, 'EK GH$ TE-KAI "HFAISTOU TO SPERMA
PARALABOUSA "UMWN, THNDE DE "USTERAN. TH$ DE 'ENQADE DIAKOSMHSEW$
PAR' "HMIN 'EN TOI$ "IEROI$ GRAMMASIN 'OKTAKISCILIWN
'ETWN 'ARIQMO$ GEGRAPTAI. PERI= DH TWN 'ENAKISCI=LIA GEGONOTWN
'ETH POLITWN SOI4 DHLWSW2 DIA= BRACEWN NOMOU$, KAI TWN
'ERGWN 'AUTOI$ "O= KALLISTON 'EPRACQH; TO D' 'AKRIBE$ PERI=


<P 24A>
PANTWN 'EFEXH$ 'EI$ 'AUQI$ KATA SCOLHN 'AUTA TA GRAMMATA
LABONTE$ DIEXIMEN0. TOU$ MEN-'OUN NOMOU$ SKOPEI5 PRO$ TOU$
THIDE; POLLA GAR PARADEIGMATA TWN TO=TE PAR' "UMIN 'ONTWN0
'ENQADE NU*N 'ANEURHSEI$, PRWTON MEN TO TWN "IEREWN GENO$ 'APO
TWN 'ALLWN CWRI$ 'AFWRISMENON, META DE TOUTO TO TWN DHMIOURGWN,
"OTI4 KAQ' "AUTO "EKASTON 'ALLWI DE 'OUK 'EPIMEIGNUMENON
DHMIOURGEI0, TO TE TWN NOMEWN KAI TO TWN QHREUTWN TO TE
<P 24B>
TWN GEWRGWN. KAI-DH-KAI TO MACIMON GENO$ 'HISQHSAI POU
THIDE 'APO PANTWN TWN GENWN KECWRISMENON, "OI$ 'OUDEN 'ALLO
PLHN TA PERI= TON POLEMON "UPO TOU* NOMOU PROSETACQH MELEIN;
'ETI DE "H TH$ "OPLISEW$ 'AUTWN SCESI$ 'ASPIDWN KAI DORATWN,
"OI$ "HMEI$ PRWTOI TWN PERI= THN 'ASIAN "WPLISMEQA, TH$ QEOU
KAQAPER 'EN 'EKEINOI$ TOI$ TOPOI$ PAR' "UMIN PRWTOI$ 'ENDEIXAMENH$.
TO D' 'AU PERI= TH$ FRONHSEW$, "ORA*I$0 POU TON NOMON
THIDE "OSHN 'EPIMELEIAN 'EPOIHSATO 'EUQU$ KAT' 'ARCA$ PERI= TE
<P 24C>
TON KOSMON, "APANTA MECRI MANTIKH$ KAI 'IATRIKH$ PRO$
"UGIEIAN 'EK TOUTWN QEIWN 'ONTWN0 'EI$ TA 'ANQRWPINA 'ANEURWN,
"OSA TE 'A=LLA TOUTOI$ "EPETAI MAQHMATA PANTA KTHSAMENO$.
TAUTHN 'OUN-DH TO=TE SUMPASAN THN DIAKOSMHSIN KAI SUNTAXIN
"H QEO$ PROTEROU$ "UMA$ DIAKOSMHSASA KATWIKISEN, 'EKLEXAMENH
TON TOPON 'EN "WI GEGENHSQE, THN 'EUKRASIAN TWN "WRWN 'EN 'AUTWI
KATIDOUSA, "OTI4 FRONIMWTATOU$ 'ANDRA$ 'OISOI; "ATE 'OUN FILOPOLEMO$
<P 24D>
TE-KAI FILOSOFO$ "H QEO$ 'OUSA TON PROSFERESTATOU$
'AUTHI MELLONTA 'OISEIN TOPON 'ANDRA$, TOUTON 'EKLEXAMENH
PRWTON KATWIKISEN. 'WIKEITE DH-'OUN NOMOI$ TE TOIOUTOI$ CRWMENOI
KAI 'ETI MALLON 'EUNOMOUMENOI PASHI TE PARA PANTA$
'ANQRWPOU$ "UPERBEBLHKOTE$ 'ARETHI, KAQAPER 'EIKO$ GENNHMATA
KAI PAIDEUMATA QEWN 'ONTA$. POLLA MEN-'OUN "UMWN KAI MEGALA
'ERGA TH$ POLEW$ THIDE GEGRAMMENA QAUMAZETAI, PANTWN MHN
<P 24E>
"EN "UPERECEI0 MEGEQEI KAI 'ARETHI; LEGEI0 GAR TA GEGRAMMENA
"OSHN "H POLI$ "UMWN 'EPAUSEN POTE DUNAMIN "UBREI POREUOMENHN
"AMA 'EPI PASAN 'EURWPHN KAI 'ASIAN, 'EXWQEN "ORMHQEISAN
'EK TOU* 'ATLANTIKOU PELAGOU$. TO=TE GAR POREUSIMON
'H*N TO 'EKEI PELAGO$; NHSON GAR PRO TOU* STOMATO$ 'EICEN "O=
KALEITE0, "W$ FATE0, "UMEI$ "HRAKLEOU$ STHLA$, "H DE NHSO$ "AMA
LIBUH$ 'H*N KAI 'ASIA$ MEIZWN, 'EX "H$ 'EPIBATON 'EPI TA$ 'ALLA$
NHSOU$ TOI$ TO=TE 'EGIGNETO POREUOMENOI$, 'EK DE TWN NHSWN


<P 25A>
'EPI THN KATANTIKRU PASAN 'HPEIRON THN PERI= TON 'ALHQINON
'EKEINON PONTON. TADE MEN-GAR, "OSA 'ENTO$ TOU* STOMATO$ "OU2
LEGOMEN, FAINETAI LIMHN STENON TINA 'ECWN 'EISPLOUN; 'EKEINO
DE PELAGO$ 'ONTW$ "H TE PERIECOUSA 'AUTO GH PANTELW$ 'ALHQW$
'ORQOTAT' 'AN4 LEGOITO 'HPEIRO$. 'EN DE-DH THI 'ATLANTIDI NHSWI
TAUTHI MEGALH SUNESTH KAI QAUMASTH DUNAMI$ BASILEWN,
KRATOUSA MEN "APASH$ TH$ NHSOU, POLLWN DE 'ALLWN NHSWN
KAI MERWN TH$ 'HPEIROU; PRO$ DE TOUTOI$ 'ETI TWN 'ENTO$ THIDE
<P 25B>
LIBUH$ MEN 'HRCON MECRI PRO$ 'AIGUPTON, TH$ DE 'EURWPH$
MECRI TURRHNIA$. "AU=TH DH PASA SUNAQROISQEISA 'EI$ "EN "H
DUNAMI$ TON TE PAR' "UMIN KAI TON PAR' "HMIN KAI TON 'ENTO$ TOU*
STOMATO$ PANTA TOPON MIA*I POTE 'EPECEIRHSEN "ORMHI DOULOUSQAI.
TO=TE 'OUN "UMWN, 'W* SOLWN, TH$ POLEW$ "H DUNAMI$ 'EI$
"APANTA$ 'ANQRWPOU$ DIAFANH$ 'ARETHI TE-KAI "RWMHI 'EGENETO;
PANTWN GAR PROSTASA 'EUYUCIA\ KAI TECNAI$ "OSAI KATA POLEMON,
<P 25C>
TA MEN TWN "ELLHNWN "HGOUMENH, TA D' 'AUTH MONWQEISA
'EX 'ANAGKH$ TWN 'ALLWN 'APOSTANTWN0, 'EPI TOU$ 'ESCATOU$
'AFIKOMENH KINDUNOU$, KRATHSASA MEN TWN 'EPIONTWN0 TROPAION
'ESTHSEN, TOU$ DE MHPW DEDOULWMENOU$ DIEKWLUSEN
DOULWQHNAI, TOU$ D' 'ALLOU$, "OSOI KATOIKOUMEN 'ENTO$ "ORWN
"HRAKLEIWN, 'AFQONW$ "APANTA$ 'HLEUQERWSEN. "USTERWI DE
CRONWI SEISMWN 'EXAISIWN KAI KATAKLUSMWN GENOMENWN, MIA$
<P 25D>
"HMERA$ KAI NUKTO$ CALEPH$ 'EPELQOUSH$, TO TE PAR' "UMIN
MACIMON PAN "AQROON 'EDU KATA GH$, "H TE 'ATLANTI$ NHSO$
"WSAUTW$ KATA TH$ QALATTH$ DUSA 'HFANISQH; DIO KAI
NU*N 'APORON KAI 'ADIEREUNHTON GEGONEN0 'TOUKEI PELAGO$,
PHLOU KARTA BRACEO$ 'EMPODWN 'ONTO$, "ON "H NHSO$ "IZOMENH
PARESCETO.
TA MEN-DH "RHQENTA, 'W* SWKRATE$, "UPO TOU* PALAIOU
<P 25E>
KRITIOU KAT' 'AKOHN THN SOLWNO$, "W$ SUNTOMW$ 'EIPEIN,
'AKHKOA$; LEGONTO$ DE-DH CQE$ SOU4 PERI= POLITEIA$ TE-KAI
TWN 'ANDRWN "OU$ 'ELEGE$, 'EQAUMAZON 'ANAMIMNHISKOMENO$ 'AUTA
"A NU*N LEGW0, KATANOWN "W$ DAIMONIW$ 'EK TINO$ TUCH$ 'OUK 'APO
SKOPOU SUNHNECQH$ TA POLLA "OI$ SOLWN 'EI*PEN. 'OU-MHN


<P 26A>
'EBOULHQHN PARACRHMA 'EIPEIN; DIA= CRONOU GAR 'OUC "IKANW$
'EMEMNHMHN. 'ENENOHSA 'OUN "OTI4 CREWN 'EIH ME PRO$ 'EMAUTON
PRWTON "IKANW$ PANTA 'ANALABONTA LEGEIN "OUTW$. "OQEN TACU
SUNWMOLOGHSA SOI4 TA 'EPITACQENTA CQE$, "HGOUMENO$, "OPER
'EN "APASI TOI$ TOIOISDE MEGISTON 'ERGON, LOGON TINA PREPONTA
TOI$ BOULHMASIN "UPOQESQAI, TOUTOU METRIW$ "HMA$ 'EUPORHSEIN.
"OUTW DH, KAQAPER "OD' 'EI*PEN, CQE$ TE 'EUQU$ 'ENQENDE 'APIWN
<P 26B>
PRO$ TOUSDE 'ANEFERON 'AUTA 'ANAMIMNHISKOMENO$, 'APELQWN TE
SCEDON TI PANTA 'EPISKOPWN TH$ NUKTO$ 'ANELABON. "W$ DH-TOI,
TO LEGOMENON, TA PAIDWN MAQHMATA QAUMASTON 'ECEI0 TI
MNHMEION. 'EGW GAR "A MEN CQE$ 'HKOUSA, 'OUK 'AN4 'OID' 'EI
DUNAIMHN "APANTA 'EN MNHMHI PALIN LABEIN; TAUTA DE "A PAMPOLUN
CRONON DIAKHKOA, PANTAPASI QAUMASAIM' 'AN4 'EI TI ME
'AUTWN DIAPEFEUGEN0. 'H*N MEN-'OUN META POLLH$ "HDONH$ KAI
<P 26C>
PAIDIA$ TO=TE 'AKOUOMENA, KAI TOU* PRESBUTOU PROQUMW$ ME
DIDASKONTO$, "AT' 'EMOU4 POLLAKI$ 'EPANERWTWNTO$, "WSTE "OION
'EGKAUMATA 'ANEKPLUTOU GRAFH$ 'EMMONA MOI GEGONEN0; KAI-DH-KAI
TOISDE 'EUQU$ 'ELEGON "EWQEN 'AUTA TAUTA, "INA 'EUPOROIEN
LOGWN MET' 'EMOU4. NU*N 'OUN, "OUPER2 "ENEKA PANTA TAUTA 'EIRHTAI,
LEGEIN 'EIMI "ETOIMO$, 'W* SWKRATE$, MH MONON 'EN KEFALAIOI$
'ALL' "WSPER 'HKOUSA KAQ' "EKASTON; TOU$ DE POLITA$ KAI THN
POLIN "HN CQE$ "HMIN "W$ 'EN MUQWI DIHIEISQA SU, NU*N METENEGKONTE$
<P 26D>
'EPI 'TALHQE$ DEURO QHSOMEN "W$ 'EKEINHN THNDE 'OUSAN,
KAI TOU$ POLITA$ "OU$ DIENOOU FHSOMEN 'EKEINOU$ TOU$ 'ALHQINOU$
'EINAI PROGONOU$ "HMWN, "OU$ 'ELEGEN "O "IEREU$. PANTW$
"ARMOSOUSI2 KAI 'OUK 'APA\SOMEQA LEGONTE$ 'AUTOU$ 'EINAI TOU$ 'EN
TW*I TO=TE 'ONTA$ CRONWI. KOINHI DE DIALAMBANONTE$ "APANTE$
PEIRASOMEQA TO PREPON 'EI$ DUNAMIN "OI$ 'EPETAXA$ 'APODOUNAI0.
SKOPEIN 'OUN-DH CRH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EI KATA NOUN "O LOGO$ "HMIN
<P 26E>
"OUTO$, 'H= TINA 'ET' 'ALLON 'ANT' 'AUTOU4 ZHTHTEON.
SW ^ KAI TI=N' 'AN4, 'W* KRITIA, MALLON 'ANTI TOUTOU METALABOIMEN,
"O$4 THI TE PAROUSHI TH$ QEOU QUSIA\ DIA= THN 'OIKEIOTHT'
'AN4 PREPOI MALISTA, TO TE MH PLASQENTA MUQON 'ALL' 'ALHQINON
LOGON 'EINAI PAMMEGA POU. PW*$ GAR-KAI PO=QEN 'ALLOU$
'ANEURHSOMEN 'AFEMENOI TOUTWN: 'OUK 'ESTIN, 'ALL' 'AGAQHI TUCHI
CRH LEGEIN MEN "UMA$, 'EME DE 'ANTI TWN CQE$ LOGWN NU*N


<P 27A>
"HSUCIAN 'AGONTA 'ANTAKOUEIN.
KR ^ SKOPEI5 DH THN TWN XENIWN SOI4 DIAQESIN, 'W* SWKRATE$,
"HI DIEQEMEN. 'EDOXEN GAR "HMIN TIMAION MEN, "ATE 'ONTA 'ASTRONOMIKWTATON
"HMWN KAI PERI= FUSEW$ TOU* PANTO$ 'EIDENAI
MALISTA 'ERGON PEPOIHMENON, PRWTON LEGEIN 'ARCOMENON 'APO
TH$ TOU* KOSMOU GENESEW$, TELEUTAN DE 'EI$ 'ANQRWPWN FUSIN;
'EME DE META TOUTON, "W$ PARA MEN TOUTOU DEDEGMENON 'ANQRWPOU$
TW*I LOGWI GEGONOTA$, PARA SOU4 DE PEPAIDEUMENOU$ DIAFERONTW$
<P 27B>
'AUTWN TINA$, KATA DE TON SOLWNO$ LOGON TE-KAI
NOMON 'EISAGAGONTA 'AUTOU$ "W$ 'EI$ DIKASTA$ "HMA$ POIHSAI0
POLITA$ TH$ POLEW$ THSDE "W$ 'ONTA$ TOU$ TO=TE 'AQHNAIOU$,
"OU$ 'EMHNUSEN 'AFANEI$ 'ONTA$ "H TWN "IERWN GRAMMATWN FHMH,
TA LOIPA DE "W$ PERI= POLITWN KAI 'AQHNAIWN 'ONTWN0 'HDH
POIEISQAI TOU$ LOGOU$.
SW ^ TELEW$ TE-KAI LAMPRW$ 'EOIKA 'ANTAPOLHYESQAI THN
TWN LOGWN "ESTIASIN. SON 'OUN 'ERGON LEGEIN 'AN4, 'W* TIMAIE,
TO META TOUTO, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'EIH KALESANTA KATA NOMON QEOU$.
<P 27C>
TI ^ 'ALL', 'W* SWKRATE$, TOUTO GE-DH PANTE$ "OSOI KAI
KATA BRACU SWFROSUNH$ METECOUSIN0, 'EPI PANTO$ "ORMHI KAI
SMIKROU KAI MEGALOU PRAGMATO$ QEON 'AEI POU KALOUSIN0;
"HMA$ DE TOU$ PERI= TOU* PANTO$ LOGOU$ POIEISQAI PHI MELLONTA$,
"HI GEGONEN0 'H=-KAI 'AGENE$ 'ESTIN, 'EI MH PANTAPASI
PARALLATTOMEN, 'ANAGKH QEOU$ TE-KAI QEA$ 'EPIKALOUMENOU$0
'EUCESQAI PANTA KATA NOUN 'EKEINOI$ MEN MALISTA, "EPOMENW$
<P 27D>
DE "HMIN 'EIPEIN. KAI TA MEN PERI= QEWN TAUTHI PARAKEKLHSQW;
TO D' "HMETERON PARAKLHTEON, "HI "RA*IST' 'AN4 "UMEI$ MEN MAQOITE,
'EGW DE "HI DIANOOUMAI MALIST' 'AN4 PERI= TWN PROKEIMENWN
'ENDEIXAIMHN.
'ESTIN 'OUN-DH KAT' 'EMHN DOXAN PRWTON DIAIRETEON TADE;
TI= TO 'ON 'AEI, GENESIN DE 'OUK 'ECON, KAI TI= TO GIGNOMENON MEN


<P 28A>
'AEI, 'ON DE 'OUDEPOTE: TO MEN-DH NOHSEI META LOGOU PERILHPTON,
'AEI KATA 'TAUTA 'ON, TO D' 'AU DOXHI MET' 'AISQHSEW$
'ALOGOU DOXASTON, GIGNOMENON KAI 'APOLLUMENON, 'ONTW$ DE
'OUDEPOTE 'ON. PAN DE 'AU TO GIGNOMENON "UP' 'AITIOU TINO$ 'EX
'ANAGKH$ GIGNESQAI; PANTI GAR 'ADUNATON CWRI$ 'AITIOU GENESIN
SCEIN. "OTOU MEN-'OUN 'AN4 "O DHMIOURGO$ PRO$ TO KATA 'TAUTA
'ECON BLEPWN 'AEI, TOIOUTWI TINI PROSCRWMENO$ PARADEIGMATI,
THN 'IDEAN KAI DUNAMIN 'AUTOU4 'APERGAZHTAI, KALON 'EX 'ANAGKH$
<P 28B>
"OUTW$ 'APOTELEISQAI0 PAN; "OU2 D' 'AN4 'EI$ GEGONO$, GENNHTWI
PARADEIGMATI PROSCRWMENO$, 'OU KALON. "O DH PA$ 'OURANO$ %
'H= KOSMO$ 'H=-KAI 'ALLO "OTI2 POTE 'ONOMAZOMENO$ MALIST' 'AN4
DECOITO, TOUQ' "HMIN 'WNOMASQW % SKEPTEON D'-'OUN PERI= 'AUTOU4
PRWTON, "OPER "UPOKEITAI PERI= PANTO$ 'EN 'ARCHI DEIN SKOPEIN,
POTERON 'H*N 'AEI, GENESEW$ 'ARCHN 'ECWN 'OUDEMIAN, 'H= GEGONEN0,
'AP' 'ARCH$ TINO$ 'ARXAMENO$. GEGONEN0; "ORATO$ GAR "APTO$
TE 'ESTIN KAI SWMA 'ECWN, PANTA DE TA TOIAUTA 'AISQHTA, TA
<P 28C>
D' 'AISQHTA, DOXHI PERILHPTA MET' 'AISQHSEW$, GIGNOMENA KAI
GENNHTA 'EFANH. TW*I D' 'AU GENOMENWI FAMEN "UP' 'AITIOU TINO$
'ANAGKHN 'EINAI GENESQAI. TON MEN-'OUN POIHTHN KAI PATERA
TOUDE TOU* PANTO$ "EUREIN TE 'ERGON KAI "EURONTA 'EI$ PANTA$
'ADUNATON LEGEIN; TODE D'-'OUN PALIN 'EPISKEPTEON PERI= 'AUTOU4,
PRO$ POTERON TWN PARADEIGMATWN "O TEKTAINOMENO$ 'AUTON


<P 29A>
'APHRGAZETO, POTERON PRO$ TO KATA 'TAUTA KAI "WSAUTW$ 'ECON
'H= PRO$ TO GEGONO$. 'EI MEN-DH KALO$ 'ESTIN "ODE "O KOSMO$ "O
TE DHMIOURGO$ 'AGAQO$, DHLON "W$ PRO$ TO 'AIDION 'EBLEPEN; 'EI
DE "O= MHD' 'EIPEIN TINI QEMI$, PRO$ GEGONO$. PANTI DH SAFE$
"OTI4 PRO$ TO 'AIDION; "O MEN-GAR KALLISTO$ TWN GEGONOTWN, "O
D' 'ARISTO$ TWN 'AITIWN. "OUTW DH GEGENHMENO$ PRO$ TO LOGWI
KAI FRONHSEI PERILHPTON KAI KATA 'TAUTA 'ECON DEDHMIOURGHTAI;
<P 29B>
TOUTWN DE "UPARCONTWN0 'AU PASA 'ANAGKH TONDE TON
KOSMON 'EIKONA TINO$ 'EINAI. MEGISTON DH PANTO$ 'ARXASQAI
KATA FUSIN 'ARCHN. "WDE 'OUN PERI= TE 'EIKONO$ KAI PERI= TOU*
PARADEIGMATO$ 'AUTH$ DIORISTEON, "W$ 'A=RA TOU$ LOGOU$, "WNPER
'EISIN 'EXHGHTAI, TOUTWN 'AUTWN KAI SUGGENEI$ 'ONTA$; TOU*
MEN-'OUN MONIMOU KAI BEBAIOU KAI META NOU KATAFANOU$
MONIMOU$ KAI 'AMETAPTWTOU$ % KAQ' "OSON "OION-TE KAI 'ANELEGKTOI$
PROSHKEI0 LOGOI$ 'EINAI KAI 'ANIKHTOI$, TOUTOU DEI
<P 29C>
MHDEN 'ELLEIPEIN % TOU$ DE TOU* PRO$ MEN 'EKEINO 'APEIKASQENTO$,
'ONTO$ DE 'EIKONO$ 'EIKOTA$ 'ANA LOGON TE 'EKEINWN 'ONTA$;
"OTIPER2 PRO$ GENESIN 'OUSIA, TOUTO PRO$ PISTIN 'ALHQEIA.
'EA=N 'OUN, 'W* SWKRATE$, POLLA POLLWN PE=RI, QEWN KAI TH$
TOU* PANTO$ GENESEW$, MH DUNATOI GIGNWMEQA PANTHI PANTW$
'AUTOU$ "EAUTOI$ "OMOLOGOUMENOU$ LOGOU$ KAI 'APHKRIBWMENOU$
'APODOUNAI0, MH QAUMASHI$; 'ALL' 'EA=N 'A=RA MHDENO$ "HTTON PARECWMEQA
'EIKOTA$, 'AGAPAN CRH, MEMNHMENOU$ "W$ "O LEGWN 'EGW
<P 29D>
"UMEI$ TE "OI KRITAI FUSIN 'ANQRWPINHN 'ECOMEN, "WSTE PERI=
TOUTWN TON 'EIKOTA MUQON 'APODECOMENOU$ PREPEI0 TOUTOU MHDEN
'ETI PERA ZHTEIN.
SW ^ 'ARISTA, 'W* TIMAIE, PANTAPASI TE "W$ KELEUEI$ 'APODEKTEON;
TO MEN-'OUN PROOIMION QAUMASIW$ 'APEDEXAMEQA SOU4,
TON DE-DH NOMON "HMIN 'EFEXH$ PERAINE.
TI ^ LEGWMEN DH DI' "HNTINA 'AITIAN GENESIN KAI TO PAN
<P 29E>
TODE "O SUNISTA$ SUNESTHSEN. 'AGAQO$ 'H*N, 'AGAQWI DE 'OUDEI$
PERI= 'OUDENO$ 'OUDEPOTE 'EGGIGNETAI FQONO$; TOUTOU D' 'EKTO$
'WN PANTA "OTI2 MALISTA 'EBOULHQH GENESQAI PARAPLH=SIA "EAUTWI.
TAUTHN DH GENESEW$ KAI KOSMOU MALIST' 'AN4 TI$ 'ARCHN KURIWTATHN


<P 30A>
PAR' 'ANDRWN FRONIMWN 'APODECOMENO$ 'ORQOTATA 'APODECOIT'
'AN4. BOULHQEI$ GAR "O QEO$ 'AGAQA MEN PANTA, FLAURON
DE MHDEN 'EINAI KATA DUNAMIN, "OUTW DH PAN "OSON 'H*N "ORATON
PARALABWN 'OUC "HSUCIAN 'AGON 'ALLA= KINOUMENON PLHMMELW$
KAI 'ATAKTW$, 'EI$ TAXIN 'AUTO 'HGAGEN 'EK TH$ 'ATAXIA$, "HGHSAMENO$
'EKEINO TOUTOU PANTW$ 'AMEINON. QEMI$ D'-'OUT' 'H*N
'OUT' 'ESTIN TW*I 'ARISTWI DRAN 'ALLO PLHN TO KALLISTON;
<P 30B>
LOGISAMENO$ 'OUN "HURISKEN 'EK TWN KATA FUSIN "ORATWN 'OUDEN
'ANOHTON TOU* NOUN 'ECONTO$ "OLON "OLOU KALLION 'ESESQAI POTE
'ERGON, NOUN D' 'AU CWRI$ YUCH$ 'ADUNATON PARAGENESQAI TWI.
DIA= DH TON LOGISMON TONDE NOUN MEN 'EN YUCHI, YUCHN D' 'EN
SWMATI SUNISTA$ TO PAN SUNETEKTAINETO, "OPW$ "OTI2 KALLISTON
'EIH KATA FUSIN 'ARISTON TE 'ERGON 'APEIRGASMENO$. "OUTW$
'OUN-DH KATA LOGON TON 'EIKOTA DEI LEGEIN TONDE TON KOSMON
ZWION 'EMYUCON 'ENNOUN TE THI 'ALHQEIA\ DIA= THN TOU* QEOU
<P 30C>
GENESQAI PRONOIAN.
TOUTOU D' "UPARCONTO$ 'AU TA TOUTOI$ 'EFEXH$ "HMIN LEKTEON,
TI=NI TWN ZWIWN 'AUTON 'EI$ "OMOIOTHTA "O SUNISTA$ SUNESTHSEN.
TWN MEN-'OUN 'EN MEROU$ 'EIDEI PEFUKOTWN MHDENI KATAXIWSWMEN %
'ATELEI GAR 'EOIKO$ 'OUDEN POT' 'AN4 GENOITO KALON % "OU2 D'
'ESTIN 'TALLA ZWIA KAQ' "EN KAI KATA GENH MORIA, TOUTWI PANTWN
"OMOIOTATON 'AUTON 'EINAI TIQWMEN. TA GAR-DH NOHTA ZWIA
PANTA 'EKEINO 'EN "EAUTWI PERILABON 'ECEI0, KAQAPER "ODE "O
<P 30D>
KOSMO$ "HMA$ "OSA TE 'A=LLA QREMMATA SUNESTHKEN0 "ORATA. TW*I
GAR TWN NOOUMENWN KALLISTWI KAI KATA PANTA TELEWI MALISTA
'AUTON "O QEO$ "OMOIWSAI0 BOULHQEI$ ZWION "EN "ORATON, PANQ' "OSA


<P 31A>
'AUTOU4 KATA FUSIN SUGGENH ZWIA 'ENTO$ 'ECON "EAUTOU, SUNESTHSE.
POTERON 'OUN 'ORQW$ "ENA 'OURANON PROSEIRHKAMEN, 'H= POLLOU$
KAI 'APEIROU$ LEGEIN 'H*N 'ORQOTERON: "ENA, 'EIPER KATA TO
PARADEIGMA DEDHMIOURGHMENO$-'ESTAI. TO GAR PERIECON PANTA
"OPOSA NOHTA ZWIA MEQ' "ETEROU DEUTERON 'OUK 'AN4 POT' 'EIH;
PALIN GAR 'AN4 "ETERON 'EINAI TO PERI= 'EKEINW DEOI ZWION, "OU2 MERO$
'AN4 'EITHN 'EKEINW, KAI 'OUK 'AN4 'ETI 'EKEINOIN 'ALL' 'EKEINWI TW*I
PERIECONTI TOD' 'AN4 'AFWMOIWMENON LEGOITO 'ORQOTERON. "INA
<P 31B>
'OUN TODE KATA THN MONWSIN "OMOION 'HI TW*I PANTELEI ZWIWI, DIA=
TAUTA 'OUTE DUO 'OUT' 'APEIROU$ 'EPOIHSEN "O POIW*N KOSMOU$, 'ALL'
"EI$ "ODE MONOGENH$ 'OURANO$ GEGONW$ 'ESTIN KAI 'ET' 'ESTAI.
SWMATOEIDE$ DE-DH-KAI "ORATON "APTON TE DEI TO GENOMENON
'EINAI, CWRISQEN DE PURO$ 'OUDEN 'AN4 POTE "ORATON GENOITO, 'OUDE
"APTON 'ANEU TINO$ STEREOU, STEREON DE 'OUK 'ANEU GH$; "OQEN 'EK
PURO$ KAI GH$ TO TOU* PANTO$ 'ARCOMENO$ SUNISTANAI SWMA "O
QEO$ 'EPOIEI. DUO DE MONW KALW$ SUNISTASQAI TRITOU CWRI$
<P 31C>
'OU DUNATON; DESMON GAR 'EN MESWI DEI TINA 'AMFOIN SUNAGWGON
GIGNESQAI. DESMWN DE KALLISTO$ "O$4 'AN4 "AUTON KAI TA SUNDOUMENA
"OTI2 MALISTA "EN POIHI5, TOUTO DE PEFUKEN0 'ANALOGIA
KALLISTA 'APOTELEIN0. "OPOTAN GAR 'ARIQMWN TRIWN 'EI=TE 'OGKWN


<P 32A>
'EI=TE DUNAMEWN "WNTINWNOUN 'HI TO MESON, "OTIPER2 TO PRWTON PRO$
'AUTO, TOUTO 'AUTO PRO$ TO 'ESCATON, KAI PALIN 'AUQI$, "OTI2 TO
'ESCATON PRO$ TO MESON, TO MESON PRO$ TO PRWTON, TO=TE TO
MESON MEN PRWTON KAI 'ESCATON GIGNOMENON, TO D' 'ESCATON
KAI TO PRWTON 'AU MESA 'AMFO=TERA, PANQ' "OUTW$ 'EX 'ANAGKH$
TA 'AUTA 'EINAI SUMBHSETAI, TA 'AUTA DE GENOMENA 'ALLHLOI$ "EN
PANTA 'ESTAI. 'EI MEN-'OUN 'EPIPEDON MEN, BAQO$ DE MHDEN 'ECON
'EDEI GIGNESQAI TO TOU* PANTO$ SWMA, MIA MESOTH$ 'AN4 'EXHRKEI
<P 32B>
TA TE MEQ' "AUTH$ SUNDEIN KAI "EAUTHN, NU*N DE STEREOEIDH
GAR 'AUTON PROSHKEN2 'EINAI, TA DE STEREA MIA MEN 'OUDEPOTE,
DUO DE 'AEI MESOTHTE$ SUNARMOTTOUSIN0; "OUTW DH PURO$ TE-KAI
GH$ "UDWR 'AERA TE "O QEO$ 'EN MESWI QEI$, KAI PRO$ 'ALLHLA KAQ'
"OSON 'H*N DUNATON 'ANA TON 'AUTON LOGON 'APERGASAMENO$, "OTIPER2
PUR PRO$ 'AERA, TOUTO 'AERA PRO$ "UDWR, KAI "OTI2 'AHR PRO$
"UDWR, "UDWR PRO$ GHN, SUNEDHSEN KAI SUNESTHSATO 'OURANON
"ORATON KAI "APTON. KAI DIA= TAUTA 'EK TE-DH TOUTWN TOIOUTWN
<P 32C>
KAI TON 'ARIQMON TETTARWN TO TOU* KOSMOU SWMA 'EGENNHQH DI'
'ANALOGIA$ "OMOLOGHSAN, FILIAN TE 'ESCEN 'EK TOUTWN, "WSTE 'EI$
'TAUTON "AUTWI SUNELQON 'ALUTON "UPO TOU 'ALLOU PLHN "UPO TOU*
SUNDHSANTO$ GENESQAI.
TWN DE-DH TETTARWN "EN "OLON "EKASTON 'EILHFEN0 "H TOU*
KOSMOU SUSTASI$. 'EK GAR PURO$ PANTO$ "UDATO$ TE-KAI
'AERO$ KAI GH$ SUNESTHSEN 'AUTON "O SUNISTA$, MERO$ 'OUDEN
'OUDENO$ 'OUDE DUNAMIN 'EXWQEN "UPOLIPWN, TADE DIANOHQEI$,
<P 32D>
PRWTON MEN "INA "OLON "OTI2 MALISTA ZWION TELEON 'EK TELEWN


<P 33A>
TWN MERWN 'EIH, PRO$ DE TOUTOI$ "EN, "ATE 'OUC "UPOLELEIMMENWN
'EX "WN 'ALLO TOIOUTON GENOIT' 'AN4, 'ETI DE "IN' 'AGHRWN KAI 'ANOSON
'HI, KATANOWN "W$ SUSTATWI SWMATI QERMA KAI YUCRA KAI PANQ'
"OSA DUNAMEI$ 'ISCURA$ 'ECEI0 PERIISTAMENA 'EXWQEN KAI PROSPIPTONTA
'AKAIRW$ LUEI0 KAI NOSOU$ GHRA$ TE 'EPAGONTA
FQINEIN POIEI0. DIA= DH THN 'AITIAN KAI TON LOGISMON TONDE
"ENA "OLON "OLWN 'EX "APANTWN TELEON KAI 'AGHRWN KAI 'ANOSON
<P 33B>
'AUTON 'ETEKTHNATO. SCHMA DE 'EDWKEN 'AUTWI TO PREPON KAI TO
SUGGENE$. TW*I DE TA PANTA 'EN "AUTWI ZWIA PERIECEIN MELLONTI
ZWIWI PREPON 'AN4 'EIH SCHMA TO PERIEILHFO$ 'EN "AUTWI PANTA
"OPOSA SCHMATA; DIO KAI SFAIROEIDE$, 'EK MESOU PANTHI PRO$
TA$ TELEUTA$ 'ISON 'APECON, KUKLOTERE$ 'AUTO 'ETORNEUSATO,
PANTWN TELEWTATON "OMOIOTATON TE 'AUTO "EAUTWI SCHMATWN,
NOMISA$ MURIWI KALLION "OMOION 'ANOMOIOU. LEION DE-DH KUKLWI
<P 33C>
PAN 'EXWQEN 'AUTO 'APHKRIBOUTO POLLWN CARIN. 'OMMATWN TE-GAR
'EPEDEITO 'OUDEN, "ORATON GAR 'OUDEN "UPELEIPETO 'EXWQEN,
'OUD' 'AKOH$, 'OUDE-GAR 'AKOUSTON; PNEUMA TE 'OUK 'H*N PERIESTO$
DEOMENON 'ANAPNOH$, 'OUD' 'AU TINO$ 'EPIDEE$ 'H*N 'ORGANOU SCEIN
"WI THN MEN 'EI$ "EAUTO TROFHN DEXOITO, THN DE PROTERON
'EXIKMASMENHN 'APOPEMYOI PALIN. 'APHIEI TE-GAR 'OUDEN 'OUDE
PROSHIEIN 'AUTWI POQEN % 'OUDE-GAR 'H*N % 'AUTO GAR "EAUTWI TROFHN
THN "EAUTOU FQISIN PARECON KAI PANTA 'EN "EAUTWI KAI "UF'
<P 33D>
"EAUTOU PASCON KAI DRWN 'EK TECNH$ GEGONEN0; "HGHSATO GAR
'AUTO "O SUNQEI$ 'AUTARKE$ 'ON 'AMEINON 'ESESQAI MALLON 'H=
PROSDEE$ 'ALLWN. CEIRWN DE, "AI$ 'OUTE LABEIN 'OUTE 'AU
TINA 'AMUNASQAI CREIA TI$ 'H*N, MATHN 'OUK 'WIETO DEIN 'AUTWI
PROSAPTEIN, 'OUDE PODWN 'OUDE "OLW$ TH$ PERI= THN BASIN


<P 34A>
"UPHRESIA$. KINHSIN GAR 'APENEIMEN 'AUTWI THN TOU* SWMATO$
'OIKEIAN, TWN "EPTA THN PERI= NOUN KAI FRONHSIN MALISTA
'OUSAN; DIO DH KATA 'TAUTA 'EN TW*I 'AUTWI KAI 'EN "EAUTWI PERIAGAGWN
'AUTO 'EPOIHSE KUKLWI KINEISQAI STREFOMENON, TA$ DE "EX
"APASA$ KINHSEI$ 'AFEILEN KAI 'APLANE$ 'APHRGASATO 'EKEINWN.
'EPI DE THN PERIODON TAUTHN "AT' 'OUDEN PODWN DEON 'ASKELE$
KAI 'APOUN 'AUTO 'EGENNHSEN.
"OUTO$ DH PA$ 'ONTO$ 'AEI LOGISMO$ QEOU PERI= TON POTE
<P 34B>
'ESOMENON QEON LOGISQEI$ LEION KAI "OMALON PANTACHI TE 'EK
MESOU 'ISON KAI "OLON KAI TELEON 'EK TELEWN SWMATWN SWMA
'EPOIHSEN; YUCHN DE 'EI$ TO MESON 'AUTOU4 QEI$ DIA= PANTO$ TE
'ETEINEN KAI 'ETI 'EXWQEN TO SWMA 'AUTHI PERIEKALUYEN, KAI KUKLWI
DH KUKLON STREFOMENON 'OURANON "ENA MONON 'ERHMON KATESTHSEN,
DI' 'ARETHN DE 'AUTON "AUTWI DUNAMENON SUGGIGNESQAI
KAI 'OUDENO$ "ETEROU PROSDEOMENON, GNWRIMON DE-KAI FILON
"IKANW$ 'AUTON "AUTWI. DIA= PANTA DH TAUTA 'EUDAIMONA QEON
'AUTON 'EGENNHSATO.
THN DE-DH YUCHN 'OUC "W$ NU*N "USTERAN 'EPICEIROUMEN LEGEIN,
<P 34C>
"OUTW$ 'EMHCANHSATO KAI "O QEO$ NEWTERAN % 'OU-GAR 'AN4 'ARCESQAI
PRESBUTERON "UPO NEWTEROU SUNERXA$ 'EIASEN % 'ALLA= PW$ "HMEI$
POLU METECONTE$ TOU* PROSTUCONTO$ TE-KAI 'EIKHI TAUTHI PHI KAI
LEGOMEN, "O DE-KAI GENESEI KAI 'ARETHI PROTERAN KAI PRESBUTERAN
YUCHN SWMATO$ "W$ DESPOTIN KAI 'ARXOUSAN 'ARXOMENOU


<P 35A>
SUNESTHSATO 'EK TWNDE TE-KAI TOIWIDE TROPWI. TH$ 'AMERISTOU
KAI 'AEI KATA 'TAUTA 'ECOUSH$ 'OUSIA$ KAI TH$ 'AU PERI= TA SWMATA
GIGNOMENH$ MERISTH$ TRITON 'EX 'AMFOIN 'EN MESWI SUNEKERASATO
'OUSIA$ 'EIDO$, TH$ TE 'TAUTOU FUSEW$ 'AU8 PE=RI8 KAI TH$ TOU*
"ETEROU, KAI KATA 'TAUTA SUNESTHSEN 'EN MESWI TOU* TE 'AMEROU$
'AUTWN KAI TOU* KATA TA SWMATA MERISTOU; KAI TRIA LABWN
'AUTA 'ONTA SUNEKERASATO 'EI$ MIAN PANTA 'IDEAN, THN QATEROU
FUSIN DUSMEIKTON 'OUSAN 'EI$ 'TAUTON SUNARMOTTWN BIA\.
<P 35B>
MEIGNU$ DE META TH$ 'OUSIA$ KAI 'EK TRIWN POIHSAMENO$ "EN,
PALIN "OLON TOUTO MOIRA$ "OSA$ PROSHKEN2 DIENEIMEN, "EKASTHN
DE 'EK TE 'TAUTOU KAI QATEROU KAI TH$ 'OUSIA$ MEMEIGMENHN.
'HRCETO DE DIAIREIN "WDE. MIAN 'AFEILEN TO PRWTON 'APO PANTO$
MOIRAN, META DE TAUTHN 'AFHIREI DIPLASIAN TAUTH$, THN D' 'AU
TRITHN "HMIOLIAN MEN TH$ DEUTERA$, TRIPLASIAN DE TH$ PRWTH$,
TETARTHN DE TH$ DEUTERA$ DIPLHN, PEMPTHN DE TRIPLHN TH$
<P 35C>
TRITH$, THN D' "EKTHN TH$ PRWTH$ 'OKTAPLASIAN, "EBDOMHN D'
"EPTAKAIEIKOSIPLASIAN TH$ PRWTH$; META DE TAUTA SUNEPLHROUTO


<P 36A>
TA TE DIPLA=SIA KAI TRIPLA=SIA DIASTHMATA, MOIRA$
'ETI 'EKEIQEN 'APOTEMNWN KAI TIQEI=$ 'EI$ TO METAXU TOUTWN, "WSTE
'EN "EKASTWI DIASTHMATI DUO 'EINAI MESOTHTA$, THN MEN 'TAUTWI
MEREI TWN 'AKRWN 'AUTWN "UPERECOUSAN KAI "UPERECOMENHN, THN
DE 'ISWI MEN KAT' 'ARIQMON "UPERECOUSAN, 'ISWI DE "UPERECOMENHN.
"HMIOLIWN DE DIASTASEWN KAI 'EPITRITWN KAI 'EPOGDOWN GENOMENWN
'EK TOUTWN TWN DESMWN 'EN TAI$ PROSQEN DIASTASESIN,
<P 36B>
TW*I TOU* 'EPOGDOOU DIASTHMATI TA 'EPITRITA PANTA SUNEPLHROUTO,
LEIPWN 'AUTWN "EKASTOU MORION, TH$ TOU* MORIOU TAUTH$ DIASTASEW$
LEIFQEISH$ 'ARIQMOU PRO$ 'ARIQMON 'ECOUSH$ TOU$
"OROU$ "EX KAI PENTHKONTA KAI DIAKOSIWN PRO$ TRIA KAI
TETTARAKONTA KAI DIAKO=SIA. KAI-DH-KAI TO MEICQEN, 'EX
"OU2 TAUTA KATETEMNEN, "OUTW$ 'HDH PAN KATANHLWKEI. TAUTHN
'OUN THN SUSTASIN PASAN DIPLHN KATA MHKO$ SCISA$, MESHN
PRO$ MESHN "EKATERAN 'ALLHLAI$ "OION CEI PROSBALWN2 KATEKAMYEN
<P 36C>
'EI$ "EN KUKLWI, SUNAYA$ "AUTAI$ TE-KAI 'ALLHLAI$ 'EN
TW*I KATANTIKRU TH$ PROSBOLH$, KAI THI KATA 'TAUTA 'EN 'TAUTWI
PERIAGOMENHI KINHSEI PERIX 'AUTA$ 'ELABEN, KAI TON MEN 'EXW, TON
D' 'ENTO$ 'EPOIEITO TWN KUKLWN. THN MEN-'OUN 'EXW FORAN 'EPEFHMISEN
'EINAI TH$ 'TAUTOU FUSEW$, THN D' 'ENTO$ TH$ QATEROU. THN
MEN-DH 'TAUTOU KATA PLEURAN 'EPI DEXIA PERIHGAGEN, THN DE
QATEROU KATA DIAMETRON 'EP' 'ARISTERA, KRATO$ D' 'EDWKEN THI
<P 36D>
'TAUTOU KAI "OMOIOU PERIFORA*I; MIAN GAR 'AUTHN 'ASCISTON
'EIASEN, THN D' 'ENTO$ SCISA$ "EXACHI "EPTA KUKLOU$ 'ANISOU$
KATA THN TOU* DIPLASIOU KAI TRIPLASIOU DIASTASIN "EKASTHN,
'OUSWN "EKATERWN TRIWN, KATA 'TANANTIA MEN 'ALLHLOI$ PROSETAXEN
'IENAI TOU$ KUKLOU$, TACEI DE TREI$ MEN "OMOIW$, TOU$
DE TETTARA$ 'ALLHLOI$ KAI TOI$ TRISIN 'ANOMOIW$, 'EN LOGWI DE
FEROMENOU$.
'EPEI DE KATA NOUN TW*I SUNISTANTI PASA "H TH$ YUCH$
SUSTASI$ 'EGEGENHTO, META TOUTO PAN TO SWMATOEIDE$ 'ENTO$
<P 36E>
'AUTH$ 'ETEKTAINETO KAI MESON MESHI SUNAGAGWN PROSHRMOTTEN;
"H D' 'EK MESOU PRO$ TON 'ESCATON 'OURANON PANTHI DIAPLAKEISA
KUKLWI TE 'AUTON 'EXWQEN PERIKALUYASA, 'AUTH 'EN "AUTHI STREFOMENH,
QEIAN 'ARCHN 'HRXATO 'APAUSTOU KAI 'EMFRONO$ BIOU PRO$
TON SUMPANTA CRONON. KAI TO MEN-DH SWMA "ORATON 'OURANOU
GEGONEN0, 'AUTH DE 'AORATO$ MEN, LOGISMOU DE METECOUSA KAI


<P 37A>
"ARMONIA$ YUCH, TWN NOHTWN 'AEI TE 'ONTWN0 "UPO TOU* 'ARISTOU
'ARISTH GENOMENH TWN GENNHQENTWN5. "ATE 'OUN 'EK TH$ 'TAUTOU
KAI TH$ QATEROU FUSEW$ 'EK TE 'OUSIA$ TRIWN TOUTWN SUGKRAQEISA
MOIRWN, KAI 'ANA LOGON MERISQEISA KAI SUNDEQEISA,
'AUTH TE 'ANAKUKLOUMENH PRO$ "AUTHN, "OTAN 'OUSIAN SKEDASTHN
'ECONTO$ TINO$ 'EFAPTHTAI KAI "OTAN 'AMERISTON, LEGEI0 KINOUMENH
DIA= PASH$ "EAUTH$ "OTWI T' 'AN4 TI 'TAUTON 'HI KAI "OTOU 'AN4
<P 37B>
"ETERON, PRO$ "OTI2 TE MALISTA KAI "OPHI KAI "OPW$ KAI "OPOTE
SUMBAINEI0 KATA TA GIGNOMENA TE PRO$ "EKASTON "EKASTA 'EINAI
KAI PASCEIN KAI PRO$ TA KATA 'TAUTA 'ECONTA 'AEI. LOGO$ DE
"O KATA 'TAUTON 'ALHQH$ GIGNOMENO$ PERI= TE QATERON 'ON KAI
PERI= TO 'TAUTON, 'EN TW*I KINOUMENWI "UF' "AUTOU FEROMENO$ 'ANEU
FQOGGOU KAI 'HCH$, "OTAN MEN PERI= TO 'AISQHTON GIGNHTAI KAI
"O TOU* QATEROU KUKLO$ 'ORQO$ 'IWN 'EI$ PASAN 'AUTOU4 THN YUCHN
DIAGGEILHI6, DOXAI KAI PISTEI$ GIGNONTAI BEBAIOI KAI 'ALHQEI$,
<P 37C>
"OTAN DE 'AU PERI= TO LOGISTIKON 'HI KAI "O TOU* 'TAUTOU KUKLO$
'EUTROCO$ 'WN 'AUTA MHNUSHI6, NOU$ 'EPISTHMH TE 'EX 'ANAGKH$
'APOTELEITAI0; TOUTW DE 'EN "WI TWN 'ONTWN0 'EGGIGNESQON0, 'AN2
POTE TI$ 'AUTO 'ALLO PLHN YUCHN 'EIPHI6, PAN MALLON 'H=
'TALHQE$ 'EREI2.
"W$ DE KINHQEN 'AUTO KAI ZWN 'ENOHSEN TWN 'AIDIWN QEWN
GEGONO$ 'AGALMA "O GENNHSA$ PATHR, 'HGASQH TE-KAI 'EUFRANQEI$
'ETI DH MALLON "OMOION PRO$ TO PARADEIGMA 'EPENOHSEN 'APERGASASQAI.
<P 37D>
KAQAPER 'OUN 'AUTO TUGCANEI0 ZWION 'AIDION 'ON, KAI
TODE TO PAN "OUTW$ 'EI$ DUNAMIN 'EPECEIRHSE TOIOUTON 'APOTELEIN0.
"H MEN-'OUN TOU* ZWIOU FUSI$ 'ETUGCANEN 'OUSA 'AIWNIO$, KAI TOUTO
MEN-DH TW*I GENNHTWI PANTELW$ PROSAPTEIN 'OUK 'H*N DUNATON;
'EIKW D' 'EPENOEI KINHTON TINA 'AIWNO$ POIHSAI0, KAI DIAKOSMWN
"AMA 'OURANON POIEI0 MENONTO$ 'AIWNO$ 'EN "ENI KAT' 'ARIQMON
'IOUSAN 'AIWNION 'EIKONA, TOUTON "ON DH CRONON 'WNOMAKAMEN.
<P 37E>
"HMERA$ GAR-KAI NUKTA$ KAI MHNA$ KAI 'ENIAUTOU$, 'OUK 'ONTA$
PRIN 'OURANON GENESQAI, TO=TE "AMA 'EKEINWI SUNISTAMENWI THN
GENESIN 'AUTWN MHCANATAI0; TAUTA DE PANTA MERH CRONOU, KAI
TO T' 'H*N TO T' 'ESTAI CRONOU GEGONOTA 'EIDH, "A DH FERONTE$
LANQANOMEN 'EPI THN 'AIDION 'OUSIAN 'OUK 'ORQW$. LEGOMEN GAR-DH
"W$ 'H*N 'ESTIN TE-KAI 'ESTAI, THI DE TO 'ESTIN MONON KATA TON


<P 38A>
'ALHQH LOGON PROSHKEI0, TO DE 'H*N TO T' 'ESTAI PERI= THN 'EN
CRONWI GENESIN 'IOUSAN PREPEI0 LEGESQAI % KINHSEI$ GAR 'ESTON0,
TO DE 'AEI KATA 'TAUTA 'ECON 'AKINHTW$ 'OUTE PRESBUTERON 'OUTE
NEWTERON PROSHKEI0 GIGNESQAI DIA= CRONOU 'OUDE GENESQAI POTE
'OUDE GEGONENAI NU*N 'OUD' 'EI$ 'AUQI$ 'ESESQAI, TO PARAPAN TE
'OUDEN "OSA GENESI$ TOI$ 'EN 'AISQHSEI FEROMENOI$ PROSHYEN,
'ALLA= CRONOU TAUTA 'AIWNA MIMOUMENOU KAI KAT' 'ARIQMON
KUKLOUMENOU GEGONEN0 'EIDH % KAI PRO$ TOUTOI$ 'ETI TA TOIADE,
<P 38B>
TO TE GEGONO$ 'EINAI GEGONO$ KAI TO GIGNOMENON 'EINAI GIGNOMENON,
'ETI TE TO GENHSOMENON 'EINAI GENHSOMENON KAI TO MH
'ON MH 'ON 'EINAI, "WN 'OUDEN 'AKRIBE$ LEGOMEN. PERI= MEN-'OUN
TOUTWN TAC' 'AN4 'OUK 'EIH KAIRO$ PREPWN 'EN TW*I PARONTI
DIAKRIBOLOGEISQAI.
CRONO$ D'-'OUN MET' 'OURANOU GEGONEN0, "INA "AMA GENNHQENTE$
"AMA KAI LUQWSIN, 'AN2 POTE LUSI$ TI$ 'AUTWN GIGNHTAI, KAI
KATA TO PARADEIGMA TH$ DIAIWNIA$ FUSEW$, "IN' "W$ "OMOIOTATO$
<P 38C>
'AUTWI KATA DUNAMIN 'HI; TO MEN-GAR-DH PARADEIGMA PANTA
'AIWNA 'ESTIN 'ON, "O D' 'AU DIA= TELOU$ TON "APANTA CRONON
GEGONW$ TE-KAI 'WN KAI 'ESOMENO$. 'EX 'OUN LOGOU KAI DIANOIA$
QEOU TOIAUTH$ PRO$ CRONOU GENESIN, "INA GENNHQHI CRONO$,
"HLIO$ KAI SELHNH KAI PENTE 'A=LLA 'ASTRA, 'EPIKLHN 'ECONTA
PLANHTA, 'EI$ DIORISMON KAI FULAKHN 'ARIQMWN CRONOU GEGONEN0;
SWMATA DE 'AUTWN "EKASTWN POIHSA$ "O QEO$ 'EQHKEN 'EI$ TA$
PERIFORA$ "A$ "H QATEROU PERIODO$ 'HIEIN, "EPTA 'OUSA$ 'ONTA
<P 38D>
"EPTA, SELHNHN MEN 'EI$ TON PERI= GHN PRWTON, "HLION DE 'EI$
TON DEUTERON "UPER GH$, "EWSFORON DE-KAI TON "IERON "ERMOU
LEGOMENON 'EI$ TON8 TACEI MEN 'ISODROMON "HLIWI KUKLON 'IONTA$,
THN DE 'ENANTIAN 'EILHCOTA$ 'AUTWI DUNAMIN; "OQEN KATALAMBANOUSIN0
TE-KAI KATALAMBANONTAI KATA 'TAUTA "UP' 'ALLHLWN
"HLIO$ TE-KAI "O TOU* "ERMOU KAI "EWSFORO$. TA D' 'A=LLA "OI*4 DH-KAI
DI' "A$ 'AITIA$ "IDRUSATO, 'EI TI$ 'EPEXIOI PASA$, "O LOGO$
<P 38E>
PARERGO$ 'WN PLEON 'AN4 'ERGON "WN "ENEKA LEGETAI PARASCOI.
TAUTA MEN-'OUN 'ISW$ TAC' 'AN4 KATA SCOLHN "USTERON TH$ 'AXIA$
TUCOI DIHGHSEW$; 'EPEIDH DE-'OUN 'EI$ THN "EAUTWI PREPOUSAN
"EKASTON 'AFIKETO FORAN TWN "OSA 'EDEI SUNAPERGAZESQAI
CRONON, DESMOI$ TE 'EMYUCOI$ SWMATA DEQENTA ZWIA 'EGENNHQH
TO TE PROSTACQEN 'EMAQEN, KATA DH THN QATEROU FORAN


<P 39A>
PLAGIAN 'OUSAN, DIA= TH$ 'TAUTOU FORA$ 'IOUSH$ TE-KAI KRATOUMENH$,
TO MEN MEIZONA 'AUTWN, TO D' 'ELATTW KUKLON 'ION, QATTON
MEN TA TON 'ELATTW, TA DE TON MEIZW BRADUTERON PERIHIEIN.
THI DH 'TAUTOU FORA*I TA TACISTA PERIIONTA "UPO TWN BRADUTERON
'IONTWN0 'EFAINETO KATALAMBANONTA KATALAMBANESQAI; PANTA$
GAR TOU$ KUKLOU$ 'AUTWN STREFOUSA "ELIKA DIA= TO DICHI KATA
<P 39B>
TA 'ENANTIA "AMA PROIENAI TO BRADUTATA 'APION 'AF' "AUTH$ 'OUSH$
TACISTH$ 'EGGUTATA 'APEFAINEN. "INA D' 'EIH METRON 'ENARGE$
TI PRO$ 'ALLHLA BRADUTHTI KAI TACEI KAI TA PERI= TA$ 'OKTW
FORA$ POREUOITO, FW$ "O QEO$ 'ANHYEN 'EN THI PRO$ GHN DEUTERA\
TWN PERIODWN, "O= DH NU*N KEKLHKAMEN "HLION, "INA "OTI2 MALISTA
'EI$ "APANTA FAINOI TON 'OURANON METASCOI TE 'ARIQMOU TA ZWIA
"OSOI$ 'H*N PROSHKON0, MAQONTA PARA TH$ 'TAUTOU KAI "OMOIOU
<P 39C>
PERIFORA$. NUX MEN-'OUN "HMERA TE GEGONEN0 "OUTW$ KAI DIA=
TAUTA, "H TH$ MIA$ KAI FRONIMWTATH$ KUKLHSEW$ PERIODO$;
MEI$ DE 'EPEIDAN SELHNH PERIELQOUSA TON "EAUTH$ KUKLON "HLION
'EPIKATALABHI6 'ENIAUTO$ DE "OPOTAN "HLIO$ TON "EAUTOU PERIELQHI6
KUKLON. TWN D' 'ALLWN TA$ PERIODOU$ 'OUK 'ENNENOHKOTE$ 'ANQRWPOI,
PLHN 'OLIGOI TWN POLLWN, 'OUTE 'ONOMAZOUSIN0 'OUTE PRO$
'ALLHLA SUMMETROUNTAI SKOPOUNTE$ 'ARIQMOI$, "WSTE "W$ 'EPO$
<P 39D>
'EIPEIN 'OUK 'ISASIN CRONON 'ONTA TA$ TOUTWN PLANA$, PLHQEI
MEN 'AMHCANWI CRWMENA$, PEPOIKILMENA$ DE QAUMASTW$; 'ESTIN
D' "OMW$ 'OUDEN "HTTON KATANOHSAI0 DUNATON "W$ "O GE TELEO$
'ARIQMO$ CRONOU TON TELEON 'ENIAUTON PLHROI0 TO=TE, "OTAN "APASWN
TWN 'OKTW PERIODWN TA PRO$ 'ALLHLA SUMPERANQENTA TACH SCHI6
KEFALHN TW*I TOU* 'TAUTOU KAI "OMOIW$ 'IONTO$ 'ANAMETRHQENTA
KUKLWI. KATA TAUTA DH-KAI TOUTWN "ENEKA 'EGENNHQH TWN
'ASTRWN "OSA DI' 'OURANOU POREUOMENA 'ESCEN TROPA$, "INA TODE
<P 39E>
"W$ "OMOIOTATON 'HI TW*I TELEWI KAI NOHTWI ZWIWI PRO$ THN TH$
DIAIWNIA$ MIMHSIN FUSEW$.
KAI TA MEN 'A=LLA 'HDH MECRI CRONOU GENESEW$ 'APEIRGASTO
'EI$ "OMOIOTHTA "WIPER 'APEIKAZETO, TO DE MHPW TA PANTA ZWIA
'ENTO$ "AUTOU GEGENHMENA PERIEILHFENAI, TAUTHI 'ETI 'EICEN 'ANOMOIW$.
TOUTO DH TO KATALOIPON 'APHRGAZETO 'AUTOU4 PRO$ THN
TOU* PARADEIGMATO$ 'APOTUPOUMENO$ FUSIN. "HIPER 'OUN NOU$
'ENOUSA$ 'IDEA$ TW*I "O= 'ESTIN ZWION, "OIAI TE 'ENEISI KAI "OSAI
KAQORA*I0, TOIAUTA$ KAI TOSAUTA$ DIENOHQH DEIN KAI TODE SCEIN.
'EISIN DH TETTARE$, MIA MEN 'OURANION QEWN GENO$, 'ALLH DE


<P 40A>
PTHNON KAI 'AEROPORON, TRITH DE 'ENUDRON 'EIDO$, PEZON DE-KAI
CERSAION TETARTON. TOU* MEN-'OUN QEIOU THN PLEISTHN 'IDEAN
'EK PURO$ 'APHRGAZETO, "OPW$ "OTI2 LAMPROTATON 'IDEIN TE KALLISTON
'EIH, TW*I DE PANTI PROSEIKAZWN 'EUKUKLON 'EPOIEI, TIQHSIN
TE 'EI$ THN TOU* KRATISTOU FRONHSIN 'EKEINWI SUNEPOMENON, NEIMA$
PERI= PANTA KUKLWI TON 'OURANON, KOSMON 'ALHQINON 'AUTWI
PEPOIKILMENON 'EINAI KAQ' "OLON. KINHSEI$ DE DUO PROSHYEN
"EKASTWI, THN MEN 'EN 'TAUTWI KATA 'TAUTA, PERI= TWN 'AUTWN 'AEI
<P 40B>
TA 'AUTA "EAUTWI DIANOOUMENWI, THN DE 'EI$ TO PROSQEN, "UPO TH$
'TAUTOU KAI "OMOIOU PERIFORA$ KRATOUMENWI; TA$ DE PENTE
KINHSEI$ 'AKINHTON KAI "ESTO$, "INA "OTI2 MALISTA 'AUTWN "EKASTON
GENOITO "W$ 'ARISTON. 'EX "H$ DH TH$ 'AITIA$ GEGONEN0 "OS' 'APLANH
TWN 'ASTRWN ZWIA QEI*A 'ONTA KAI 'AI=DIA KAI KATA 'TAUTA 'EN
'TAUTWI STREFOMENA 'AEI MENEI0; TA DE TREPOMENA KAI PLANHN
TOIAUTHN 'ISCONTA, KAQAPER 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN 'ERRHQH, KAT'
'EKEINA GEGONEN0. GHN DE TROFON MEN "HMETERAN, 'ILLOMENHN DE
<P 40C>
THN PERI= TON DIA= PANTO$ POLON TETAMENON, FULAKA KAI DHMIOURGON
NUKTO$ TE-KAI "HMERA$ 'EMHCANHSATO, PRWTHN KAI
PRESBUTATHN QEWN "OSOI 'ENTO$ 'OURANOU GEGONASIN. COREIA$
DE TOUTWN 'AUTWN KAI PARABOLA$ 'ALLHLWN, KAI PERI=8 TA$
TWN KUKLWN PRO$ "EAUTOU$ 'EPANAKUKLHSEI$ KAI PROCWRHSEI$,
'EN TE TAI$ SUNAYESIN "OPOIOI TWN QEWN KAT' 'ALLHLOU$ GIGNOMENOI
KAI "OSOI KATANTIKRU, MEQ' "OUSTINA$ TE 'EPIPROSQEN
'ALLHLOI$ "HMIN TE KATA CRONOU$ "OUSTINA$ "EKASTOI KATAKALUPTONTAI
KAI PALIN 'ANAFAINOMENOI FOBOU$ KAI SHMEIA TWN
<P 40D>
META TAUTA GENHSOMENWN TOI$ 'OU DUNAMENOI$ LOGIZESQAI
PEMPOUSIN0, TO LEGEIN 'ANEU DI' 'OYEW$ TOUTWN 'AU TWN MIMHMATWN
MATAIO$ 'AN4 'EIH PONO$; 'ALLA= TAUTA TE "IKANW$ "HMIN
TAUTHI KAI TA PERI= QEWN "ORATWN KAI GENNHTWN 'EIRHMENA FUSEW$
'ECETW TELO$.
PERI= DE TWN 'ALLWN DAIMONWN 'EIPEIN KAI GNWNAI0 THN GENESIN
MEIZON 'H= KAQ' "HMA$, PEISTEON DE TOI$ 'EIRHKOSIN 'EMPROSQEN,
'EKGONOI$ MEN QEWN 'OUSIN, "W$ 'EFASAN, SAFW$ DE-POU
TOU$ GE "AUTWN PROGONOU$ 'EIDOSIN; 'ADUNATON 'OUN QEWN
<P 40E>
PAISIN 'APISTEIN, KAIPER 'ANEU TE 'EIKOTWN KAI 'ANAGKAIWN
'APODEIXEWN LEGOUSIN4, 'ALL' "W$ 'OIKEI*A FASKONTWN0 'APAGGELLEIN
"EPOMENOU$ TW*I NOMWI PISTEUTEON. "OUTW$ 'OUN KAT' 'EKEINOU$
"HMIN "H GENESI$ PERI= TOUTWN TWN QEWN 'ECETW KAI LEGESQW.
GH$ TE-KAI 'OURANOU PAIDE$ 'WKEANO$ TE-KAI THQU$ 'EGENESQHN,
TOUTWN DE FORKU$ KRONO$ TE-KAI "REA KAI "OSOI META


<P 41A>
TOUTWN, 'EK DE KRONOU KAI "REA$ ZEU$ "HRA TE-KAI PANTE$
"OSOU$ 'ISMEN 'ADELFOU$ LEGOMENOU$ 'AUTWN, 'ETI TE TOUTWN
'ALLOU$ 'EKGONOU$; 'EPEI D'-'OUN PANTE$ "OSOI TE PERIPOLOUSIN0
FANERW$ KAI "OSOI FAINONTAI KAQ' "OSON 'AN4 'EQELWSIN QEOI
GENESIN 'ESCON, LEGEI0 PRO$ 'AUTOU$ "O TODE TO PAN GENNHSA$
TADE %
QEOI QEWN, "WN 'EGW DHMIOURGO$ PATHR TE 'ERGWN, DI' 'EMOU4
GENOMENA 'ALUTA 'EMOU4 GE MH 'EQELONTO$. TO MEN-'OUN-DH
<P 41B>
DEQEN PAN LUTON, TO GE-MHN KALW$ "ARMOSQEN KAI 'ECON 'EU
LUEIN 'EQELEIN KAKOU; DI' "A KAI 'EPEIPER GEGENHSQE, 'AQANATOI
MEN 'OUK 'ESTE0 'OUD' 'ALUTOI TO PAMPAN, 'OUTI MEN-DH LUQHSESQE
GE-'OUDE TEUXESQE QANATOU MOIRA$, TH$ 'EMH$ BOULHSEW$
MEIZONO$ 'ETI DESMOU KAI KURIWTEROU LACONTE$ 'EKEINWN "OI$ "OT'
'EGIGNESQE SUNEDEISQE. NU*N 'OUN "O= LEGW0 PRO$ "UMA$ 'ENDEIKNUMENO$,
MAQETE3. QNHTA 'ETI GENH LOIPA TRIA 'AGENNHTA; TOUTWN
DE MH GENOMENWN 'OURANO$ 'ATELH$ 'ESTAI; TA GAR "APANT' 'EN
<P 41C>
"AUTWI GENH ZWIWN 'OUC "EXEI2, DEI DE, 'EI MELLEI0 TELEO$ "IKANW$
'EINAI. DI' 'EMOU4 DE TAUTA GENOMENA KAI BIOU METASCONTA
QEOI$ 'ISAZOIT' 'AN4; "INA 'OUN QNHTA TE 'HI TO TE PAN TODE 'ONTW$
"APAN 'HI, TREPESQE2 KATA FUSIN "UMEI$ 'EPI THN TWN ZWIWN DHMIOURGIAN,
MIMOUMENOI THN 'EMHN DUNAMIN PERI= THN "UMETERAN
GENESIN. KAI KAQ' "OSON MEN 'AUTWN 'AQANATOI$ "OMWNUMON
'EINAI PROSHKEI0, QEION LEGOMENON "HGEMONOUN TE 'EN 'AUTOI$ TWN
'AEI DIKHI KAI "UMIN 'EQELONTWN0 "EPESQAI, SPEIRA$ KAI "UPARXAMENO$
<P 41D>
'EGW PARADWSW2; TO DE LOIPON "UMEI$, 'AQANATWI QNHTON PROSUFAINONTE$,
'APERGAZESQE2 ZWIA KAI GENNATE3 TROFHN TE
DIDONTE$ 'AUXANETE3 KAI FQINONTA PALIN DECESQE2.
TAUT' 'EI*PE, KAI PALIN 'EPI TON PROTERON KRATHRA, 'EN "WI THN
TOU* PANTO$ YUCHN KERANNU$ 'EMISGEN, TA TWN PROSQEN "UPOLOIPA
KATECEITO MISGWN TROPON MEN TINA TON 'AUTON, 'AKHRATA
DE 'OUKETI KATA 'TAUTA "WSAUTW$, 'ALLA= DEU=TERA KAI TRITA.
SUSTHSA$ DE TO PAN DIEILEN YUCA$ 'ISARIQMOU$ TOI$ 'ASTROI$,
<P 41E>
'ENEIMEN Q' "EKASTHN PRO$ "EKASTON, KAI 'EMBIBASA$ "W$ 'E$
'OCHMA THN TOU* PANTO$ FUSIN 'EDEIXEN, NOMOU$ TE TOU$ "EIMARMENOU$
'EI*PEN 'AUTAI$, "OTI4 GENESI$ PRWTH MEN 'ESOITO TETAGMENH
MIA PASIN, "INA MHTI$ 'ELATTOITO "UP' 'AUTOU4, DEOI DE SPAREISA$
'AUTA$ 'EI$ TA PROSHKONTA "EKASTAI$ "EKASTA 'ORGANA CRONWN


<P 42A>
FUNAI0 ZWIWN TO QEOSEBESTATON, DIPLH$ DE 'OUSH$ TH$ 'ANQRWPINH$
FUSEW$, TO KREITTON TOIOUTON 'EIH GENO$ "O= KAI 'EPEITA
KEKLHSOITO 'ANHR. "OPOTE DH SWMASIN 'EMFUTEUQEIEN 'EX
'ANAGKH$, KAI TO MEN PROSIOI, TO D' 'APIOI TOU* SWMATO$ 'AUTWN,
PRWTON MEN 'AISQHSIN 'ANAGKAION 'EIH MIAN PASIN 'EK BIAIWN
PAQHMATWN SUMFUTON GIGNESQAI, DEUTERON DE "HDONHI KAI LUPHI
MEMEIGMENON 'ERWTA, PRO$ DE TOUTOI$ FOBON KAI QUMON "OSA
<P 42B>
TE "EPOMENA 'AUTOI$ KAI "OPOSA 'ENANTIW$ PEFUKE0 DIESTHKOTA;
"WN 'EI MEN KRATHSOIEN, DIKHI BIWSOINTO, KRATHQENTE$ DE 'ADIKIA\.
KAI "O MEN 'EU TON PROSHKONTA CRONON BIOU$, PALIN 'EI$ THN
TOU* SUNNOMOU POREUQEI$ 'OIKHSIN 'ASTROU, BION 'EUDAIMONA KAI
SUNHQH "EXOI, SFALEI=$ DE TOUTWN 'EI$ GUNAIKO$ FUSIN 'EN THI
<P 42C>
DEUTERA\ GENESEI METABALOI0; MH PAUOMENO$ TE 'EN TOUTOI$ 'ETI
KAKIA$, TROPON "ON KAKUNOITO0, KATA THN "OMSIOTHTA TH$ TOU*
TROPOU GENESEW$ 'EI$ TINA TOIAUTHN 'AEI METABALOI0 QHREION
FUSIN, 'ALLATTWN TE 'OU PROTERON PONWN LHXOI, PRIN THI 'TAUTOU
KAI "OMOIOU PERIODWI THI 'EN "AUTWI SUNEPISPWMENO$ TON POLUN
'OCLON KAI "USTERON PROSFUNTA 'EK PURO$ KAI "UDATO$ KAI 'AERO$
<P 42D>
KAI GH$, QORUBWDH KAI 'ALOGON 'ONTA, LOGWI KRATHSA$ 'EI$ TO
TH$ PRWTH$ KAI 'ARISTH$ 'AFIKOITO 'EIDO$ "EXEW$. DIAQESMOQETHSA$
DE PANTA 'AUTOI$ TAUTA, "INA TH$ 'EPEITA 'EIH KAKIA$
"EKASTWN 'ANAITIO$, 'ESPEIREN TOU$ MEN 'EI$ GHN, TOU$ D' 'EI$
SELHNHN, TOU$ D' 'EI$ 'TALLA "OSA 'ORGANA CRONOU; TO DE META
TON SPORON TOI$ NEOI$ PAREDWKEN QEOI$ SWMATA PLATTEIN
QNHTA, TO T' 'EPILOIPON, "OSON 'ETI 'H*N YUCH$ 'ANQRWPINH$ DEON
<P 42E>
PROSGENESQAI, TOUTO KAI PANQ' "OSA 'AKOLOUQA 'EKEINOI$ 'APERGASAMENOU$
'ARCEIN, KAI KATA DUNAMIN "OTI2 KALLISTA KAI
'ARISTA TO QNHTON DIAKUBERNAN ZWION, "OTI2-MH KAKWN 'AUTO
"EAUTWI GIGNOITO 'AITION.
KAI "O MEN-DH "APANTA TAUTA DIATAXA$ 'EMENEN 'EN TW*I "EAUTOU
KATA TROPON 'HQEI; MENONTO$ DE NOHSANTE$ "OI PAIDE$ THN TOU*
PATRO$ TAXIN 'EPEIQONTO 'AUTHI, KAI LABONTE$ 'AQANATON 'ARCHN
QNHTOU ZWIOU, MIMOUMENOI TON SFETERON DHMIOURGON, PURO$
KAI GH$ "UDATO$ TE-KAI 'AERO$ 'APO TOU* KOSMOU DANEIZOMENOI


<P 43A>
MORIA "W$ 'APODOQHSOMENA PALIN, 'EI$ 'TAUTON TA LAMBANOMENA
SUNEKOLLWN, 'OU TOI$ 'ALUTOI$ "OI$ 'AUTOI SUNEICONTO DESMOI$,
'ALLA= DIA= SMIKROTHTA 'AORATOI$ PUKNOI$ GOMFOI$ SUNTHKONTE$,
"EN 'EX "APANTWN 'APERGAZOMENOI SWMA "EKASTON, TA$ TH$ 'AQANATOU
YUCH$ PERIODOU$ 'ENEDOUN 'EI$ 'EPIRRUTON SWMA KAI
'APORRUTON. "AI D' 'EI$ POTAMON 'ENDEQEISAI POLUN 'OUT' 'EKRATOUN
'OUT' 'EKRATOUNTO, BIA\ DE 'EFERONTO KAI 'EFERON, "WSTE TO
<P 43B>
MEN "OLON KINEISQAI ZWION, 'ATAKTW$ MHN "OPHI TUCOI PROIENAI
KAI 'ALOGW$, TA$ "EX "APASA$ KINHSEI$ 'ECON; 'EI$ TE-GAR TO
PROSQE KAI 'OPISQEN KAI PALIN 'EI$ DEXIA KAI 'ARISTERA KATW
TE-KAI 'ANW KAI PANTHI KATA TOU$ "EX TOPOU$ PLANWMENA
PROHIEIN. POLLOU GAR 'ONTO$ TOU* KATAKLUZONTO$ KAI 'APORREONTO$
KUMATO$ "O= THN TROFHN PAREICEN, 'ETI MEIZW QORUBON
'APHRGAZETO TA TWN PROSPIPTONTWN0 PAQHMATA "EKASTOI$, "OTE
<P 43C>
PURI PROSKROUSEIE TO SWMA TINO$ 'EXWQEN 'ALLOTRIWI PERITUCON
'H=-KAI STEREWI GH$ PAGWI "UGROI$ TE 'OLISQHMASIN "UDATWN,
'EI=TE ZALHI PNEUMATWN "UPO 'AERO$ FEROMENWN KATALHFQEIH,
KAI "UPO PANTWN TOUTWN DIA= TOU* SWMATO$ "AI KINHSEI$ 'EPI
THN YUCHN FEROMENAI PROSPIPTOIEN; "AI=4 DH-KAI 'EPEITA DIA=
TAUTA 'EKLHQHSAN TE-KAI NU*N 'ETI 'AISQHSEI$ SUNAPASAI KEKLHNTAI.
KAI-DH-KAI TO=TE 'EN TW*I PARONTI PLEISTHN KAI
MEGISTHN PARECOMENAI KINHSIN, META TOU* "REONTO$ 'ENDELECW$
<P 43D>
'OCETOU KINOUSAI KAI SFODRW$ SEIOUSAI TA$ TH$ YUCH$ PERIODOU$,
THN MEN 'TAUTOU PANTAPASIN 'EPEDHSAN 'ENANTIA 'AUTHI
"REOUSAI KAI 'EPESCON 'ARCOUSAN KAI 'IOUSAN, THN D' 'AU QATEROU
DIESEISAN, "WSTE TA$ TOU* DIPLASIOU KAI TRIPLASIOU TREI$
"EKATERA$ 'APOSTASEI$ KAI TA$ TWN "HMIOLIWN KAI 'EPITRITWN
KAI 'EPOGDOWN MESOTHTA$ KAI SUNDESEI$, 'EPEIDH PANTELW$
LUTAI 'OUK 'HSAN PLHN "UPO TOU* SUNDHSANTO$, PASA$ MEN
<P 43E>
STREYAI0 STROFA$, PASA$ DE KLASEI$ KAI DIAFQORA$ TWN
KUKLWN 'EMPOIEIN, "OSACHIPER 'H*N DUNATON, "WSTE MET' 'ALLHLWN
MOGI$ SUNECOMENA$ FERESQAI MEN, 'ALOGW$ DE FERESQAI, TOTE=
MEN 'ANTIA$, 'ALLOTE DE PLAGIA$, TOTE= DE "UPTIA$; "OION "OTAN
TI$ "UPTIO$ 'EREISA$ THN KEFALHN MEN 'EPI GH$, TOU$ DE PODA$
'ANW PROSBALWN2 'ECHI5 PRO$ TINI, TO=TE 'EN TOUTWI TW*I PAQEI TOU*
TE PASCONTO$ KAI TWN "ORWNTWN0 TA TE DEXIA 'ARISTERA KAI
TA 'ARISTERA DEXIA "EKATEROI$ TA "EKATERWN FANTAZETAI. 'TAUTON
DH TOUTO KAI TOIAUTA "E=TERA "AI PERIFORAI PASCOUSAI SFODRW$,


<P 44A>
"OTAN TE TWI TWN 'EXWQEN TOU* 'TAUTOU GENOU$ 'H= TOU* QATEROU
PERITUCWSIN, TO=TE 'TAUTON TWI KAI QATERON TOU 'TANANTIA TWN
'ALHQWN PROSAGOREUOUSAI YEUDEI$ KAI 'ANOHTOI GEGONASIN,
'OUDEMIA TE 'EN 'AUTAI$ TO=TE PERIODO$ 'ARCOUSA 'OUD' "HGEMWN
'ESTIN; "AI$ D' 'AN4 'EXWQEN 'AISQHSEI$ TINE$ FEROMENAI KAI PROSPESOUSAI
SUNEPISPASWNTAI KAI TO TH$ YUCH$ "APAN KUTO$,
TO=Q' "AUTAI KRATOUMENAI KRATEIN DOKOUSI0. KAI DIA= DH TAUTA
PANTA TA PAQHMATA NU*N KAT' 'ARCA$ TE 'ANOU$ YUCH GIGNETAI
<P 44B>
TO PRWTON, "OTAN 'EI$ SWMA 'ENDEQHI QNHTON. "OTAN DE TO TH$
'AUXH$ KAI TROFH$ 'ELATTON 'EPIHI5 "REUMA, PALIN DE "AI PERIODOI
LAMBANOMENAI GALHNH$ THN "EAUTWN "ODON 'IWSI KAI KAQISTWNTAI
MALLON 'EPIONTO$ TOU* CRONOU, TO=TE 'HDH PRO$ TO KATA FUSIN
'IONTWN0 SCHMA "EKASTWN TWN KUKLWN "AI PERIFORAI KATEUQUNOMENAI
TO TE QATERON KAI TO 'TAUTON PROSAGOREUOUSAI KAT'
'ORQON, 'EMFRONA TON 'ECONTA 'AUTA$ GIGNOMENON 'APOTELOUSIN0.
'AN2 MEN-'OUN-DH-KAI SUNEPILAMBANHTAI TI$ 'ORQH TROFH PAIDEUSEW$,
<P 44C>
"OLOKLHRO$ "UGIH$ TE PANTELW$, THN MEGISTHN 'APOFUGWN
NOSON, GIGNETAI; KATAMELHSA$ DE, CWLHN TOU* BIOU
DIAPOREUQEI$ ZWHN, 'ATELH$ KAI 'ANOHTO$ 'EI$ "AIDOU PALIN
'ERCETAI. TAUTA MEN-'OUN "U=STERA POTE GIGNETAI; PERI= DE
TWN NU*N PROTEQENTWN5 DEI DIELQEIN 'AKRIBESTERON, TA DE PRO
TOUTWN, PERI= SWMATWN KATA MERH TH$ GENESEW$ KAI PERI=
YUCH$, DI' "A$ TE 'AITIA$ KAI PRONOIA$ GEGONE0 QEWN, TOU* MALISTA
<P 44D>
'EIKOTO$ 'ANTECOMENOI$, "OUTW KAI KATA TAUTA POREUOMENOI$
DIEXITEON.
TA$ MEN-DH QEIA$ PERIODOU$ DUO 'OUSA$, TO TOU* PANTO$
SCHMA 'APOMIMHSAMENOI PERIFERE$ 'ON, 'EI$ SFAIROEIDE$ SWMA
'ENEDHSAN, TOUTO "O= NU*N KEFALHN 'EPONOMAZOMEN, "O= QEIOTATON
TE 'ESTIN KAI TWN 'EN "HMIN PANTWN DESPOTOUN; "WI KAI PAN TO
SWMA PAREDOSAN "UPHRESIAN 'AUTWI SUNAQROISANTE$ QEOI, KATANOHSANTE$
"OTI4 PASWN "OSAI KINHSEI$ 'ESOINTO METECOI. "IN'
'OUN MH KULINDOUMENON 'EPI GH$ "UYH TE-KAI BAQH PANTODAPA
<P 44E>
'ECOUSH$ 'APOROI TA MEN "UPERBAINEIN, 'ENQEN DE 'EKBAINEIN,
'OCHMA 'AUTWI TOUTO KAI 'EUPORIAN 'EDOSAN; "OQEN DH MHKO$ TO
SWMA 'ESCEN, 'EKTATA TE KWLA KAI KAMPTA 'EFUSEN TETTARA
QEOU MHCANHSAMENOU POREIAN, "OI$ 'ANTILAMBANOMENON KAI
'APEREIDOMENON DIA= PANTWN TOPWN POREUESQAI DUNATON GEGONE0,


<P 45A>
THN TOU* QEIOTATOU KAI "IERWTATOU FERON 'OIKHSIN 'EPANWQEN
"HMWN. SKELH MEN-'OUN CEIRE$ TE TAUTHI KAI DIA= TAUTA PROSEFU
PASIN; TOU* D' 'OPISQEN TO PROSQEN TIMIWTERON KAI
'ARCIKWTERON NOMIZONTE$ QEOI TAUTHI TO POLU TH$ POREIA$ "HMIN
'EDOSAN. 'EDEI DH DIWRISMENON 'ECEIN KAI 'ANOMOION TOU* SWMATO$
TO PROSQEN 'ANQRWPON. DIO PRWTON MEN PERI= TO TH$ KEFALH$
KUTO$, "UPOQENTE$ 'AUTOSE TO PROSWPON, 'ORGANA 'ENEDHSAN
<P 45B>
TOUTWI PASHI THI TH$ YUCH$ PRONOIA\, KAI DIETAXAN TO METECON
"HGEMONIA$ TOUT' 'EINAI, TO KATA FUSIN PROSQEN; TWN DE 'ORGANWN
PRWTON MEN FWSFORA SUNETEKTHNANTO 'OMMATA, TOIA*IDE
'ENDHSANTE$ 'AITIA\. TOU* PURO$ "OSON TO MEN KAEIN 'OUK 'ESCE,
TO DE PARECEIN FW$ "HMERON, 'OIKEION "EKASTH$ "HMERA$, SWMA
'EMHCANHSANTO GIGNESQAI. TO GAR 'ENTO$ "HMWN 'ADELFON 'ON
TOUTOU PUR 'EILIKRINE$ 'EPOIHSAN DIA= TWN 'OMMATWN "REIN LEION
KAI PUKNON "OLON MEN, MALISTA DE TO MESON SUMPILHSANTE$
<P 45C>
TWN 'OMMATWN, "WSTE TO MEN 'ALLO "OSON PACUTERON STEGEIN
PAN, TO TOIOUTON DE MONON 'AUTO KAQARON DIHQEIN. "OTAN 'OUN
MEQHMERINON 'HI FW$ PERI= TO TH$ 'OYEW$ "REUMA, TO=TE 'EKPIPTON
"OMOION PRO$ "OMOION, SUMPAGE$ GENOMENON, "EN SWMA 'OIKEIWQEN
SUNESTH KATA THN TWN 'OMMATWN 'EUQUWRIAN, "OPHIPER 'AN4 'ANTEREIDHI5
TO PROSPIPTON 'ENDOQEN PRO$ "O= TWN 'EXW SUNEPESEN.
"OMOIOPAQE$ DH DI' "OMOIOTHTA PAN GENOMENON, "OTOU TE 'AN4 'AUTO
<P 45D>
POTE 'EFAPTHTAI KAI "O= 'AN4 'ALLO 'EKEINOU, TOUTWN TA$ KINHSEI$
DIADIDON 'EI$ "APAN TO SWMA MECRI TH$ YUCH$ 'AISQHSIN PARESCETO
TAUTHN "HI DH "ORAN FAMEN. 'APELQONTO$ DE 'EI$ NUKTA
TOU* SUGGENOU$ PURO$ 'APOTETMHTAI; PRO$ GAR 'ANOMOION 'EXION
'ALLOIOUTAI TE 'AUTO KAI KATASBENNUTAI, SUMFUE$ 'OUKETI TW*I
PLHSION 'AERI GIGNOMENON, "ATE PUR 'OUK 'ECONTI. PAUETAI TE-'OUN
"ORWN, 'ETI TE 'EPAGWGON "UPNOU GIGNETAI; SWTHRIAN GAR
"HN "OI QEOI TH$ 'OYEW$ 'EMHCANHSANTO, THN TWN BLEFARWN
<P 45E>
FUSIN, "OTAN TAUTA SUMMUSHI6, KAQEIRGNUSI0 THN TOU* PURO$ 'ENTO$
DUNAMIN, "H DE DIACEI0 TE-KAI "OMALUNEI0 TA$ 'ENTO$ KINHSEI$,
"OMALUNQEISWN DE "HSUCIA GIGNETAI, GENOMENH$ DE POLLH$ MEN
"HSUCIA$ BRACUONEIRO$ "UPNO$ 'EMPIPTEI0, KATALEIFQEISWN DE
TINWN KINHSEWN MEIZONWN, "OIAI KAI 'EN "OIOI$ 'AN4 TOPOI$ LEIPWNTAI,


<P 46A>
TOIAUTA KAI TOSAUTA PARESCONTO 'AFOMOIWQENTA 'ENTO$
'EXW TE 'EGERQEISIN 'APOMNHMONEUOMENA FANTASMATA. TO DE
PERI= THN TWN KATOPTRWN 'EIDWLOPOIIAN KAI PANTA "OSA 'EMFANH
KAI LEI*A, KATIDEIN 'OUDEN 'ETI CALEPON. 'EK GAR TH$ 'ENTO$
'EKTO$ TE TOU* PURO$ "EKATEROU KOINWNIA$ 'ALLHLOI$, "ENO$ TE 'AU
PERI= THN LEIOTHTA "EKASTOTE GENOMENOU KAI POLLACHI METARRUQMISQENTO$,
<P 46B>
PANTA TA TOIAUTA 'EX 'ANAGKH$ 'EMFAINETAI, TOU*
PERI= TO PROSWPON PURO$ TW*I PERI= THN 'OYIN PURI PERI= TO
LEION KAI LAMPRON SUMPAGOU$ GIGNOMENOU. DEXIA DE FANTAZETAI
TA 'ARISTERA, "OTI4 TOI$ 'ENANTIOI$ MERESIN TH$ 'OYEW$ PERI=
'TANANTIA MERH GIGNETAI 'EPAFH PARA TO KAQESTO$ 'EQO$ TH$
PROSBOLH$; DEXIA DE TA DEXIA KAI TA 'ARISTERA 'ARISTERA 'TOUNANTION,
"OTAN METAPESHI6 SUMPHGNUMENON "WI SUMPHGNUTAI FW$,
<P 46C>
TOUTO DE, "OTAN "H TWN KATOPTRWN LEIOTH$, 'ENQEN KAI 'ENQEN
"UYH LABOUSA, TO DEXION 'EI$ TO 'ARISTERON MERO$ 'APWSHI6 TH$
'OYEW$ KAI QATERON 'EPI QATERON. KATA DE TO MHKO$ STRAFEN
TOU* PROSWPOU 'TAUTON TOUTO "UPTION 'EPOIHSEN PAN FAINESQAI,
TO KATW PRO$ TO 'ANW TH$ 'AUGH$ TO T' 'ANW PRO$ TO KATW
PALIN 'APWSAN.
TAUT' 'OUN PANTA 'ESTIN TWN SUNAITIWN "OI$ QEO$ "UPHRETOUSIN4
CRHTAI0 THN TOU* 'ARISTOU KATA TO DUNATON 'IDEAN
<P 46D>
'APOTELWN0; DOXAZETAI DE "UPO TWN PLEISTWN 'OU SUNAITIA
'ALLA= 'AITIA 'EINAI TWN PANTWN, YUCONTA KAI QERMAINONTA
PHGNUNTA TE-KAI DIACEONTA KAI "OSA TOIAUTA 'APERGAZOMENA.
LOGON DE 'OUDENA 'OUDE NOUN 'EI$ 'OUDEN DUNATA 'ECEIN 'ESTIN.
TWN GAR 'ONTWN0 "WI NOUN MONWI KTASQAI PROSHKEI0, LEKTEON
YUCHN % TOUTO DE 'AORATON, PUR DE-KAI "UDWR KAI GH KAI 'AHR
SWMATA PANTA "ORATA GEGONEN0 % TON DE NOU KAI 'EPISTHMH$
'ERASTHN 'ANAGKH TA$ TH$ 'EMFRONO$ FUSEW$ 'AITIA$ PRWTA$
<P 46E>
METADIWKEIN, "OSAI DE "UP' 'ALLWN MEN KINOUMENWN, "E=TERA DE 'EX
'ANAGKH$ KINOUNTWN0 GIGNONTAI, DEUTERA$. POIHTEON DH KATA
TAUTA KAI "HMIN; LEKTEA MEN 'AMFO=TERA TA TWN 'AITIWN GENH,
CWRI$ DE "OSAI META NOU KALWN KAI 'AGAQWN DHMIOURGOI KAI
"OSAI MONWQEISAI FRONHSEW$ TO TUCON 'ATAKTON "EKASTOTE
'EXERGAZONTAI. TA MEN-'OUN TWN 'OMMATWN SUMMETAITIA PRO$
TO SCEIN THN DUNAMIN "HN NU*N 'EILHCEN0 'EIRHSQW; TO DE MEGISTON
'AUTWN 'EI$ 'WFELIAN 'ERGON, DI' "O= QEO$ 'AUQ' "HMIN


<P 47A>
DEDWRHTAI, META TOUTO "RHTEON. 'OYI$ DH KATA TON 'EMON
LOGON 'AITIA TH$ MEGISTH$ 'WFELIA$ GEGONEN0 "HMIN, "OTI4 TWN
NU*N LOGWN PERI= TOU* PANTO$ LEGOMENWN 'OUDEI$ 'AN4 POTE 'ERRHQH
MHTE 'ASTRA MHTE "HLION MHTE 'OURANON 'IDONTWN3. NU*N D' "HMERA TE-KAI
NUX 'OFQEISAI MHNE$ TE-KAI 'ENIAUTWN PERIODOI KAI 'ISHMERIAI
KAI TROPAI MEMHCANHNTAI MEN 'ARIQMON, CRONOU DE 'ENNOIAN
PERI= TE TH$ TOU* PANTO$ FUSEW$ ZHTHSIN 'EDOSAN; 'EX "WN
<P 47B>
'EPORISAMEQA FILOSOFIA$ GENO$, "OU2 MEIZON 'AGAQON 'OUT' 'HLQEN
'OUTE "HXEI2 POTE TW*I QNHTWI GENEI DWRHQEN 'EK QEWN. LEGW0 DH
TOUTO 'OMMATWN MEGISTON 'AGAQON; 'TALLA DE "OSA 'ELATTW TI=
'AN4 "UMNOIMEN, "WN "O MH FILOSOFO$ TUFLWQEI$ 'ODUROMENO$ 'AN4
QRHNOI MATHN: 'ALLA= TOUTOU LEGESQW PAR' "HMWN "AU=TH 'EPI
TAUTA 'AITIA, QEON "HMIN 'ANEUREIN DWRHSASQAI TE 'OYIN, "INA
TA$ 'EN 'OURANWI TOU* NOU KATIDONTE$ PERIODOU$ CRHSAIMEQA
'EPI TA$ PERIFORA$ TA$ TH$ PAR' "HMIN DIANOHSEW$, SUGGENEI$
<P 47C>
'EKEINAI$ 'OUSA$, 'ATARAKTOI$ TETARAGMENA$, 'EKMAQONTE$ DE-KAI
LOGISMWN KATA FUSIN 'ORQOTHTO$ METASCONTE$, MIMOUMENOI
TA$ TOU* QEOU PANTW$ 'APLANEI$ 'OUSA$, TA$ 'EN "HMIN PEPLANHMENA$
KATASTHSAIMEQA. FWNH$ TE-DH-KAI 'AKOH$ PE=RI PALIN
"O 'AUTO$ LOGO$, 'EPI 'TAUTA TWN 'AUTWN "ENEKA PARA QEWN
DEDWRHSQAI. LOGO$ TE-GAR 'EP' 'AUTA TAUTA TETAKTAI, THN
MEGISTHN SUMBALLOMENO$ 'EI$ 'AUTA MOIRAN, "OSON T' 'AU MOUSIKH$
<P 47D>
FWNHI CRHSIMON PRO$ 'AKOHN "ENEKA "ARMONIA$ 'ESTI DOQEN.
"H DE "ARMONIA, SUGGENEI$ 'ECOUSA FORA$ TAI$ 'EN "HMIN TH$
YUCH$ PERIODOI$, TW*I META NOU PROSCRWMENWI MOUSAI$ 'OUK
'EF' "HDONHN 'ALOGON KAQAPER NU*N 'EINAI DOKEI0 CRHSIMO$, 'ALL'
'EPI THN GEGONUIAN 'EN "HMIN 'ANARMOSTON YUCH$ PERIODON 'EI$
KATAKOSMHSIN KAI SUMFWNIAN "EAUTHI SUMMACO$ "UPO MOUSWN
DEDOTAI; KAI "RUQMO$ 'AU DIA= THN 'AMETRON 'EN "HMIN KAI CARITWN
<P 47E>
'EPIDEA GIGNOMENHN 'EN TOI$ PLEISTOI$ "EXIN 'EPIKOURO$ 'EPI
'TAUTA "UPO TWN 'AUTWN 'EDOQH.
TA MEN-'OUN PARELHLUQOTA TWN 'EIRHMENWN PLHN BRACEWN
'EPIDEDEIKTAI TA DIA= NOU DEDHMIOURGHMENA; DEI DE-KAI TA DI'
'ANAGKH$ GIGNOMENA TW*I LOGWI PARAQESQAI. MEMEIGMENH GAR-'OUN


<P 48A>
"H TOUDE TOU* KOSMOU GENESI$ 'EX 'ANAGKH$ TE-KAI NOU
SUSTASEW$ 'EGENNHQH; NOU DE 'ANAGKH$ 'ARCONTO$ TW*I PEIQEIN
'AUTHN TWN GIGNOMENWN TA PLEISTA 'EPI TO BELTISTON 'AGEIN,
TAUTHI KATA TAUTA TE DI' 'ANAGKH$ "HTTWMENH$ "UPO PEIQOU$
'EMFRONO$ "OUTW KAT' 'ARCA$ SUNISTATO TODE TO PAN. 'EI TI$
'OUN "HI GEGONEN0 KATA TAUTA 'ONTW$ 'EREI2, MEIKTEON KAI TO TH$
PLANWMENH$ 'EIDO$ 'AITIA$, "HI FEREIN PEFUKEN0; "WDE 'OUN PALIN
<P 48B>
'ANACWRHTEON, KAI LABOUSIN 'AUTWN TOUTWN PROSHKOUSAN
"ETERAN 'ARCHN 'AUQI$ 'AU, KAQAPER PERI= TWN TO=TE NU*N "OUTW
PERI= TOUTWN PALIN 'ARKTEON 'AP' 'ARCH$. THN DH PRO TH$ 'OURANOU
GENESEW$ PURO$ "UDATO$ TE-KAI 'AERO$ KAI GH$ FUSIN
QEATEON 'AUTHN KAI TA PRO TOUTOU PAQH; NU*N GAR 'OUDEI$ PW
GENESIN 'AUTWN MEMHNUKEN0, 'ALL' "W$ 'EIDOSIN PUR "OTI2 POTE
'ESTIN KAI "EKASTON 'AUTWN LEGOMEN 'ARCA$ 'AUTA TIQEMENOI
STOICEIA TOU* PANTO$, PROSHKON0 'AUTOI$ 'OUD' 'AN4 "W$ 'EN SULLABH$
<P 48C>
'EIDESIN MONON 'EIKOTW$ "UPO TOU* KAI BRACU FRONOUNTO$
'APEIKASQHNAI. NU*N DE-'OUN TO GE PAR' "HMWN "WDE 'ECETW; THN
MEN PERI= "APANTWN 'EI=TE 'ARCHN 'EI=TE 'ARCA$ 'EI=TE "OPHI DOKEI0
TOUTWN PE=RI TO NU*N 'OU "RHTEON, DI' 'ALLO MEN 'OUDEN, DIA= DE TO
CALEPON 'EINAI KATA TON PARONTA TROPON TH$ DIEXODOU DHLWSAI0
TA DOKOUNTA, MHT'-'OUN "UMEI$ 'OIESQE2 DEIN 'EME LEGEIN, 'OUT'
'AUTO$ 'AU PEIQEIN 'EMAUTON 'EIHN 'AN4 DUNATO$ "W$ 'ORQW$ 'EGCEIROIM'
<P 48D>
'AN4 TOSOUTON 'EPIBALLOMENO$ 'ERGON; TO DE KAT' 'ARCA$
"RHQEN DIAFULATTWN, THN TWN 'EIKOTWN LOGWN DUNAMIN, PEIRASOMAI
MHDENO$ "HTTON 'EIKOTA, MALLON DE, KAI 'EMPROSQEN 'AP'
'ARCH$ PERI= "EKASTWN KAI SUMPANTWN LEGEIN. QEON DH-KAI
NU*N 'EP' 'ARCHI TWN LEGOMENWN SWTHRA 'EX 'ATOPOU KAI 'AHQOU$
DIHGHSEW$ PRO$ TO TWN 'EIKOTWN DOGMA DIASWIZEIN "HMA$
<P 48E>
'EPIKALESAMENOI PALIN 'ARCWMEQA LEGEIN.
"H D'-'OUN 'AUQI$ 'ARCH PERI= TOU* PANTO$ 'ESTW MEIZONW$ TH$
PROSQEN DIHIRHMENH; TO=TE MEN-GAR DUO 'EIDH DIEILOMEQA, NU*N
DE TRITON 'ALLO GENO$ "HMIN DHLWTEON. TA MEN-GAR DUO "IKANA
'H*N 'EPI TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN LECQEISIN, "EN MEN "W$ PARADEIGMATO$
'EIDO$ "UPOTEQEN, NOHTON KAI 'AEI KATA 'TAUTA 'ON, MIMHMA DE


<P 49A>
PARADEIGMATO$ DEUTERON, GENESIN 'ECON KAI "ORATON. TRITON
DE TO=TE MEN 'OU DIEILOMEQA, NOMISANTE$ TA DUO "EXEIN "IKANW$;
NU*N DE "O LOGO$ 'EOIKEN0 'EISANAGKAZEIN CALEPON KAI 'AMUDRON
'EIDO$ 'EPICEIREIN LOGOI$ 'EMFANISAI0. TI=N' 'OUN 'ECON DUNAMIN
KAI FUSIN 'AUTO "UPOLHPTEON: TOIANDE MALISTA; PASH$ 'EINAI
GENESEW$ "UPODOCHN 'AUTHN "OION TIQHNHN. 'EIRHTAI MEN-'OUN
'TALHQE$, DEI DE 'ENARGESTERON 'EIPEIN PERI= 'AUTOU4, CALEPON
<P 49B>
DE 'ALLW$ TE KAI DIOTI PROAPORHQHNAI PERI= PURO$ KAI TWN
META PURO$ 'ANAGKAION TOUTOU CARIN; TOUTWN GAR 'EIPEIN
"EKASTON "OPOION 'ONTW$ "UDWR CRH LEGEIN MALLON 'H= PUR, KAI
"OPOION "OTIOUN MALLON 'H=-KAI "APANTA KAQ' "EKASTON TE, "OUTW$
"WSTE TINI PISTWI KAI BEBAIWI CRHSASQAI LOGWI, CALEPON.
PW*$ 'OUN-DH TOUT' 'AUTO KAI PH*I KAI TI= PERI= 'AUTWN 'EIKOTW$
DIAPORHQENTE$ 'AN4 LEGOIMEN: PRWTON MEN, "O= DH NU*N "UDWR
'WNOMAKAMEN, PHGNUMENON "W$ DOKOUMEN LIQOU$ KAI GHN GIGNOMENON
<P 49C>
"ORWMEN0, THKOMENON DE-KAI DIAKRINOMENON 'AU 'TAUTON
TOUTO PNEUMA KAI 'AERA, SUGKAUQENTA DE 'AERA PUR, 'ANAPALIN
DE SUGKRIQEN KAI KATASBESQEN 'EI$ 'IDEAN TE 'APION 'AUQI$ 'AERO$
PUR, KAI PALIN 'AERA SUNIONTA KAI PUKNOUMENON NEFO$ KAI
"OMICLHN, 'EK DE TOUTWN 'ETI MALLON SUMPILOUMENWN "REON "UDWR,
'EX "UDATO$ DE GHN KAI LIQOU$ 'AUQI$, KUKLON TE "OUTW DIADIDONTA
'EI$ 'ALLHLA, "W$ FAINETAI, THN GENESIN. "OUTW DH TOUTWN 'OUDEPOTE
<P 49D>
TWN 'AUTWN "EKASTWN FANTAZOMENWN, POI*ON 'AUTWN "W$
'ON "OTIOUN TOUTO KAI 'OUK 'ALLO PAGIW$ DIISCURIZOMENO$ 'OUK
'AISCUNEITAI TI$ "EAUTON: 'OUK 'ESTIN, 'ALL' 'ASFALESTATA MAKRWI
PERI= TOUTWN TIQEMENOU$ "WDE LEGEIN; 'AEI "O= KAQORWMEN0 'ALLOTE
'ALLHI GIGNOMENON, "W$ PUR, MH TOUTO 'ALLA= TO TOIOUTON "EKASTOTE
PROSAGOREUEIN PUR, MHDE "UDWR TOUTO 'ALLA= TO TOIOUTON
'AEI, MHDE 'ALLO POTE MHDEN "W$ TINA 'ECON BEBAIOTHTA, "OSA
<P 49E>
DEIKNUNTE$ TW*I "RHMATI TW*I TODE KAI TOUTO PROSCRWMENOI
DHLOUN0 "HGOUMEQA0 TI; FEUGEI0 GAR 'OUC "UPOMENON THN TOU* TODE
KAI TOUTO KAI THN TWIDE KAI PASAN "OSH MONIMA "W$ 'ONTA
'AUTA 'ENDEIKNUTAI FASI$. 'ALLA= TAUTA MEN "EKASTA MH LEGEIN,
TO DE TOIOUTON 'AEI PERIFEROMENON "OMOION "EKASTOU PE=RI KAI
SUMPANTWN "OUTW KALEIN0, KAI-DH-KAI PUR TO DIA= PANTO$
TOIOUTON, KAI "APAN "OSONPER 'AN4 'ECHI5 GENESIN; 'EN "WI DE 'EGGIGNOMENA
'AEI "EKASTA 'AUTWN FANTAZETAI KAI PALIN 'EKEIQEN 'APOLLUTAI,


<P 50A>
MONON 'EKEINO 'AU PROSAGOREUEIN TW*I TE TOUTO KAI TW*I
TODE PROSCRWMENOU$ 'ONOMATI, TO DE "OPOIONOUN TI, QERMON
'H= LEUKON 'H=-KAI "OTIOUN TWN 'ENANTIWN, KAI PANQ' "OSA 'EK
TOUTWN, MHDEN 'EKEINO 'AU TOUTWN KALEIN0. 'ETI DE SAFESTERON
'AUTOU4 PE=RI PROQUMHTEON 'AUQI$ 'EIPEIN. 'EI GAR PANTA TI$
SCHMATA PLASA$ 'EK CRUSOU MHDEN METAPLATTWN PAUOITO
"EKASTA 'EI$ "APANTA, DEIKNUNTO$ DH TINO$ 'AUTWN "EN KAI 'EROMENOU
<P 50B>
TI= POT' 'ESTI, MAKRWI PRO$ 'ALHQEIAN 'ASFALESTATON
'EIPEIN "OTI4 CRUSO$, TO DE TRIGWNON "OSA TE 'A=LLA SCHMATA
'ENEGIGNETO, MHDEPOTE LEGEIN TAUTA "W$ 'ONTA, "A GE METAXU
TIQEMENOU METAPIPTEI0, 'ALL' 'EA=N 'A=RA-KAI TO TOIOUTON MET'
'ASFALEIA$ 'EQELHI5 DECESQAI TINO$, 'AGAPAN. "O 'AUTO$ DH LOGO$
KAI PERI= TH$ TA PANTA DECOMENH$ SWMATA FUSEW$. 'TAUTON
'AUTHN 'AEI PROSRHTEON; 'EK GAR TH$ "EAUTH$ TO PARAPAN 'OUK
'EXISTATAI DUNAMEW$ % DECETAI TE-GAR 'AEI TA PANTA, KAI
<P 50C>
MORFHN 'OUDEMIAN POTE 'OUDENI TWN 'EISIONTWN0 "OMOIAN 'EILHFEN0
'OUDAMHI 'OUDAMW$; 'EKMAGEION GAR FUSEI PANTI KEITAI, KINOUMENON
TE-KAI DIASCHMATIZOMENON "UPO TWN 'EISIONTWN0, FAINETAI
DE DI' 'EKEINA 'ALLOTE 'ALLOION % TA DE 'EISIONTA KAI
'EXIONTA TWN 'ONTWN0 'AEI MIMHMATA, TUPWQENTA 'AP' 'AUTWN
TROPON TINA DUSFRASTON KAI QAUMASTON, "ON 'EI$ 'AUQI$ METIMEN0.
'EN D'-'OUN TW*I PARONTI CRH GENH DIANOHQHNAI TRITTA, TO MEN
<P 50D>
GIGNOMENON, TO D' 'EN "WI GIGNETAI, TO D' "OQEN 'AFOMOIOUMENON
FUETAI TO GIGNOMENON. KAI-DH-KAI PROSEIKASAI0 PREPEI0 TO MEN
DECOMENON MHTRI, TO D' "OQEN PATRI, THN DE METAXU TOUTWN
FUSIN 'EKGONWI, NOHSAI0 TE "W$ 'OUK 'AN4 'ALLW$, 'EKTUPWMATO$
'ESESQAI MELLONTO$ 'IDEIN POIKILOU PASA$ POIKILIA$, TOUT'
'AUTO 'EN "WI 'EKTUPOUMENON 'ENISTATAI GENOIT' 'AN4 PARESKEUASMENON
'EU, PLHN 'AMORFON 'ON 'EKEINWN "APASWN TWN 'IDEWN "OSA$
<P 50E>
MELLOI DECESQAI POQEN. "OMOION GAR 'ON TWN 'EPEISIONTWN0
TINI TA TH$ 'ENANTIA$ TA TE TH$ TO PARAPAN 'ALLH$ FUSEW$
"OPOT' 'ELQOI DECOMENON KAKW$ 'AN4 'AFOMOIOI3, THN "AUTOU PAREMFAINON
'OYIN. DIO KAI PANTWN 'EKTO$ 'EIDWN 'EINAI CREWN
TO TA PANTA 'EKDEXOMENON 'EN "AUTWI GENH, KAQAPER PERI= TA
'ALEIMMATA "OPOSA 'EUWDH TECNHI MHCANWNTAI0 PRWTON TOUT'
'AUTO "UPARCON, POIOUSIN0 "OTI2 MALISTA 'AWDH TA DEXOMENA "UGRA
TA$ 'OSMA$; "OSOI TE 'EN TISIN TWN MALAKWN SCHMATA 'APOMATTEIN
'EPICEIROUSI0, TO PARAPAN SCHMA 'OUDEN 'ENDHLON
"UPARCEIN 'EWSI0, PROOMALUNANTE$ DE "OTI2 LEIOTATON 'APERGAZONTAI.


<P 51A>
'TAUTON 'OUN-KAI TW*I TA TWN PANTWN 'AEI TE 'ONTWN0
KATA PAN "EAUTOU POLLAKI$ 'AFOMOIWMATA KALW$ MELLONTI
DECESQAI PANTWN 'EKTO$ 'AUTWI PROSHKEI0 PEFUKENAI TWN 'EIDWN.
DIO DH THN TOU* GEGONOTO$ "ORATOU KAI PANTW$ 'AISQHTOU MHTERA
KAI "UPODOCHN MHTE GHN MHTE 'AERA MHTE PUR MHTE "UDWR
LEGWMEN, MHTE "OSA 'EK TOUTWN MHTE 'EX "WN TAUTA GEGONEN0;
'ALL' 'ANORATON 'EIDO$ TI KAI 'AMORFON, PANDECE$, METALAMBANON
<P 51B>
DE 'APORWTATA PHI TOU* NOHTOU KAI DUSALWTOTATON 'AUTO
LEGONTE$ 'OU YEUSOMEQA. KAQ' "OSON D' 'EK TWN PROEIRHMENWN
DUNATON 'EFIKNEISQAI TH$ FUSEW$ 'AUTOU4, THID' 'AN4 TI$ 'ORQOTATA
LEGOI; PUR MEN "EKASTOTE 'AUTOU4 TO PEPURWMENON MERO$ FAINESQAI,
TO DE "UGRANQEN "UDWR, GHN TE-KAI 'AERA KAQ' "OSON
'AN4 MIMHMATA TOUTWN DECHTAI. LOGWI DE-DH MALLON TO
TOIONDE DIORIZOMENOU$ PERI= 'AUTWN DIASKEPTEON; 'A*RA 'ESTIN
TI PUR 'AUTO 'EF' "EAUTOU KAI PANTA PERI= "WN 'AEI LEGOMEN "OUTW$
<P 51C>
'AUTA KAQ' "AUTA 'ONTA "EKASTA, 'H= TAUTA "APER KAI BLEPOMEN,
"OSA TE 'A=LLA DIA= TOU* SWMATO$ 'AISQANOMEQA, MONA 'ESTIN
TOIAUTHN 'ECONTA 'ALHQEIAN, 'A=LLA DE 'OUK 'ESTI PARA TAUTA
'OUDAMHI 'OUDAMW$, 'ALLA= MATHN "EKASTOTE 'EINAI TI FAMEN 'EIDO$
"EKASTOU NOHTON, TO D' 'OUDEN 'A=R' 'H*N PLHN LOGO$: 'OUTE-'OUN-DH
TO PARON 'AKRITON KAI 'ADIKASTON 'AFENTA 'AXION FANAI
DIISCURIZOMENON 'ECEIN "OUTW$, 'OUT' 'EPI LOGOU MHKEI PARERGON
<P 51D>
'ALLO MHKO$ 'EPEMBLHTEON; 'EI DE TI$ "ORO$ "ORISQEI$ MEGA$ DIA=
BRACEWN FANEIH, TOUTO MALISTA 'EGKAIRIWTATON GENOIT' 'AN4.
"WDE 'OUN THN G' 'EMHN 'AUTO$ TIQEMAI YHFON. 'EI MEN NOU$ KAI
DOXA 'ALHQH$ 'ESTON0 DUO GENH, PANTAPASIN 'EINAI KAQ' "AUTA
TAUTA, 'ANAISQHTA "UF' "HMWN 'EIDH, NOOUMENA MONON; 'EI D', "W$
TISIN FAINETAI, DOXA 'ALHQH$ NOU DIAFEREI0 TO MHDEN, PANQ'
"OPOS' 'AU DIA= TOU* SWMATO$ 'AISQANOMEQA QETEON BEBAIOTATA.
<P 51E>
DUO DH LEKTEON 'EKEINW, DIOTI CWRI$ GEGONATON 'ANOMOIW$ TE
'ECETON0. TO MEN-GAR 'AUTWN DIA= DIDACH$, TO D' "UPO PEIQOU$
"HMIN 'EGGIGNETAI; KAI TO MEN 'AEI MET' 'ALHQOU$ LOGOU, TO DE
'ALOGON; KAI TO MEN 'AKINHTON PEIQOI, TO DE METAPEISTON;
KAI TOU* MEN PANTA 'ANDRA METECEIN FATEON, NOU DE QEOU$,
'ANQRWPWN DE GENO$ BRACU TI. TOUTWN DE "OUTW$ 'ECONTNW0


<P 52A>
"OMOLOGHTEON "EN MEN 'EINAI TO KATA 'TAUTA 'EIDO$ 'ECON, 'AGENNHTON
KAI 'ANWLEQRON, 'OUTE 'EI$ "EAUTO 'EISDECOMENON 'ALLO
'ALLOQEN 'OUTE 'AUTO 'EI$ 'ALLO POI 'ION, 'AORATON DE-KAI 'ALLW$
'ANAISQHTON, TOUTO "O= DH NOHSI$ 'EILHCEN0 'EPISKOPEIN; TO DE
"OMWNUMON "OMOION TE 'EKEINWI DEUTERON, 'AISQHTON, GENNHTON,
PEFORHMENON 'AEI, GIGNOMENON TE 'EN TINI TOPWI KAI PALIN
'EKEIQEN 'APOLLUMENON, DOXHI MET' 'AISQHSEW$ PERILHPTON;
TRITON DE 'AU GENO$ 'ON TO TH$ CWRA$ 'AEI, FQORAN 'OU PROSDECOMENON,
<P 52B>
"EDRAN DE PARECON "OSA 'ECEI0 GENESIN PASIN, 'AUTO
DE MET' 'ANAISQHSIA$ "APTON LOGISMWI TINI NOQWI, MOGI$ PISTON,
PRO$ "O= DH-KAI 'ONEIROPOLOUMEN BLEPONTE$ KAI FAMEN 'ANAGKAION
'EINAI POU TO 'ON "APAN 'EN TINI TOPWI KAI KATECON CWRAN
TINA, TO DE-MHT' 'EN GHI MHTE-POU KAT' 'OURANON 'OUDEN 'EINAI.
TAUTA DH PANTA KAI TOUTWN 'A=LLA 'ADELFA KAI PERI= THN
'AUPNON KAI 'ALHQW$ FUSIN "UPARCOUSAN "UPO TAUTH$ TH$ 'ONEIRWXEW$
<P 52C>
'OU DUNATOI GIGNOMEQA 'EGERQENTE$ DIORIZOMENOI 'TALHQE$
LEGEIN, "W$ 'EIKONI MEN, 'EPEIPER 'OUD' 'AUTO TOUTO 'EF' "WI GEGONEN0
"EAUTH$ 'ESTIN, "ETEROU DE TINO$ 'AEI FERETAI FANTASMA, DIA=
TAUTA 'EN "ETERWI PROSHKEI0 TINI GIGNESQAI, 'OUSIA$ "AMWSGEPW$
'ANTECOMENHN, 'H= MHDEN TO PARAPAN 'AUTHN 'EINAI, TW*I DE 'ONTW$
'ONTI BOHQO$ "O DI' 'AKRIBEIA$ 'ALHQH$ LOGO$, "W$ "EW$ 'AN4 TI TO
MEN 'ALLO 'HI, TO DE 'ALLO, 'OUDETERON 'EN 'OUDETERWI POTE GENOMENON
<P 52D>
"EN "AMA 'TAUTON KAI DUO GENHSESQON.
"OUTO$ MEN-'OUN-DH PARA TH$ 'EMH$ YHFOU LOGISQEI$ 'EN
KEFALAIWI DEDOSQW LOGO$, 'ON TE-KAI CWRAN KAI GENESIN 'EINAI,
TRIA TRICHI KAI PRIN 'OURANON GENESQAI; THN DE-DH GENESEW$
TIQHNHN "UGRAINOMENHN KAI PUROUMENHN KAI TA$ GH$ TE-KAI
'AERO$ MORFA$ DECOMENHN, KAI "OSA 'A=LLA TOUTOI$ PAQH SUNEPETAI
<P 52E>
PASCOUSAN, PANTODAPHN MEN 'IDEIN FAINESQAI, DIA= DE
TO MHQ' "OMOIWN DUNAMEWN MHTE 'ISORROPWN 'EMPIMPLASQAI KAT'
'OUDEN 'AUTH$ 'ISORROPEIN, 'ALL' 'ANWMALW$ PANTHI TALANTOUMENHN
SEIESQAI MEN "UP' 'EKEINWN 'AUTHN, KINOUMENHN D' 'AU
PALIN 'EKEINA SEIEIN; TA DE KINOUMENA 'A=LLA 'ALLOSE 'AEI
FERESQAI DIAKRINOMENA, "WSPER TA "UPO TWN PLOKANWN TE-KAI
'ORGANWN TWN PERI= THN TOU* SITOU KAQARSIN SEIOMENA KAI


<P 53A>
'ANIKMWMENA TA MEN PUKNA KAI BAREA 'ALLHI, TA DE MANA
KAI KOUFA 'EI$ "ETERAN "IZEI0 FEROMENA "EDRAN; TO=TE "OUTW TA
TETTARA GENH SEIOMENA "UPO TH$ DEXAMENH$, KINOUMENH$ 'AUTH$
"OION 'ORGANOU SEISMON PARECONTO$, TA MEN 'ANOMOIOTATA PLEISTON
'AUTA 'AF' "AUTWN "ORIZEIN, TA DE "OMOIOTATA MALISTA
'EI$ 'TAUTON SUNWQEIN, DIO DH-KAI CWRAN TAUTA 'A=LLA 'ALLHN
'ISCEIN, PRIN KAI TO PAN 'EX 'AUTWN DIAKOSMHQEN GENESQAI. KAI
TO MEN-DH PRO TOUTOU PANTA TAUT' 'EICEN 'ALOGW$ KAI 'AMETRW$;
<P 53B>
"OTE D' 'EPECEIREITO KOSMEISQAI TO PAN, PUR PRWTON KAI "UDWR
KAI GHN KAI 'AERA, 'ICNH MEN 'ECONTA "AUTWN 'ATTA, PANTAPASI
GE-MHN DIAKEIMENA "WSPER 'EIKO$ 'ECEIN "APAN "OTAN 'APHI5 TINO$
QEO$, "OUTW DH TO=TE PEFUKOTA TAUTA PRWTON DIESCHMATISATO
'EIDESI TE-KAI 'ARIQMOI$. TO DE "HI DUNATON "W$ KALLISTA
'ARISTA TE 'EX 'OUC "OUTW$ 'ECONTWN0 TON QEON 'AUTA SUNISTANAI,
PARA PANTA "HMIN "W$ 'AEI TOUTO LEGOMENON "UPARCETW; NU*N
D'-'OUN THN DIATAXIN 'AUTWN 'EPICEIRHTEON "EKASTWN KAI GENESIN
<P 53C>
'AHQEI LOGWI PRO$ "UMA$ DHLOUN0, 'ALLA=-GAR 'EPEI METECETE0 TWN
KATA PAIDEUSIN "ODWN DI' "WN 'ENDEIKNUSQAI TA LEGOMENA
'ANAGKH, SUNEYESQE.
PRWTON MEN-DH PUR KAI GH KAI "UDWR KAI 'AHR "OTI4 SWMATA
'ESTI, DHLON POU-KAI PANTI; TO DE TOU* SWMATO$ 'EIDO$ PAN
KAI BAQO$ 'ECEI0. TO DE BAQO$ 'AU PASA 'ANAGKH THN 'EPIPEDON
PERIEILHFENAI FUSIN; "H DE 'ORQH TH$ 'EPIPEDOU BASEW$ 'EK
TRIGWNWN SUNESTHKEN0. TA DE TRIGWNA PANTA 'EK DUOIN 'ARCETAI
<P 53D>
TRIGWNOIN, MIAN MEN 'ORQHN 'ECONTO$ "EKATEROU GWNIAN,
TA$ DE 'OXEIA$; "WN TO MEN "ETERON "EKATERWQEN 'ECEI0 MERO$
GWNIA$ 'ORQH$ PLEURAI$ 'ISAI$ DIHIRHMENH$, TO D' "ETERON 'ANISOI$
'ANISA MERH NENEMHMENH$. TAUTHN DH PURO$ 'ARCHN KAI TWN
'ALLWN SWMATWN "UPOTIQEMEQA KATA TON MET' 'ANAGKH$ 'EIKOTA
LOGON POREUOMENOI; TA$ D' 'ETI TOUTWN 'ARCA$ 'ANWQEN QEO$
'OIDEN KAI 'ANDRWN "O$4 'AN4 'EKEINWI FILO$ 'HI. DEI DH LEGEIN POI*A
<P 53E>
KALLISTA SWMATA GENOIT' 'AN4 TETTARA, 'ANO=MOIA MEN "EAUTOI$,
DUNATA DE 'EX 'ALLHLWN 'AUTWN 'ATTA DIALUOMENA GIGNESQAI;
TOUTOU GAR TUCONTE$ 'ECOMEN THN 'ALHQEIAN GENESEW$ PE=RI
GH$ TE-KAI PURO$ TWN TE 'ANA LOGON 'EN MESWI. TODE GAR
'OUDENI SUGCWRHSOMEQA, KALLIW TOUTWN "ORWMENA SWMATA
'EINAI POU KAQ' "EN GENO$ "EKASTON 'ON. TOUT' 'OUN PROQUMHTEON,
TA DIAFERONTA KALLEI SWMATWN TETTARA GENH SUNARMOSASQAI
KAI FANAI THN TOUTWN "HMA$ FUSIN "IKANW$ 'EILHFENAI.


<P 54A>
TOIN DH DUOIN TRIGWNOIN TO MEN 'ISOSKELE$ MIAN 'EILHCEN0
FUSIN, TO DE PROMHKE$ 'APERANTOU$; PROAIRETEON 'OUN 'AU TWN
'APEIRWN TO KALLISTON, 'EI MELLOMEN 'ARXESQAI KATA TROPON.
'AN2 'OUN TI$ 'ECHI5 KALLION 'EKLEXAMENO$ 'EIPEIN 'EI$ THN TOUTWN
SUSTASIN, 'EKEINO$ 'OUK 'ECQRO$ 'WN 'ALLA= FILO$ KRATEI0; TIQEMEQA
D'-'OUN TWN POLLWN TRIGWNWN KALLISTON "EN, "UPERBANTE$
'TALLA, 'EX "OU2 TO 'ISOPLEURON TRIGWNON 'EK TRITOU SUNESTHKEN0.
<P 54B>
DIOTI DE, LOGO$ PLEIWN; 'ALLA= TW*I TOUTO 'ELEGXANTI KAI 'ANEURONTI
DH "OUTW$ 'ECON KEITAI FI=LIA TA 'AQLA. PROHIRHSQW
DH DUO TRIGWNA 'EX "WN TO TE TOU* PURO$ KAI TA TWN 'ALLWN
SWMATA MEMHCANHTAI, TO MEN 'ISOSKELE$, TO DE TRIPLHN KATA
DUNAMIN 'ECON TH$ 'ELATTONO$ THN MEIZW PLEURAN 'AEI. TO
DH PROSQEN 'ASAFW$ "RHQEN NU*N MALLON DIORISTEON. TA GAR
TETTARA GENH DI' 'ALLHLWN 'EI$ 'ALLHLA 'EFAINETO PANTA GENESIN
'ECEIN, 'OUK 'ORQW$ FANTAZOMENA; GIGNETAI MEN-GAR 'EK
<P 54C>
TWN TRIGWNWN "WN PROHIRHMEQA GENH TETTARA, TRIA MEN 'EX
"ENO$ TOU* TA$ PLEURA$ 'ANISOU$ 'ECONTO$, TO DE TETARTON "EN
MONON 'EK TOU* 'ISOSKELOU$ TRIGWNOU SUNARMOSQEN. 'OU=KOUN
DUNATA PANTA 'EI$ 'ALLHLA DIALUOMENA 'EK POLLWN SMIKRWN
'OLIGA MEGALA KAI 'TOUNANTION GIGNESQAI, TA DE TRIA "OION-TE;
'EK GAR "ENO$ "APANTA PEFUKOTA LUQENTWN5 TE TWN MEIZONWN
POLLA SMIKRA 'EK TWN 'AUTWN SUSTHSETAI, DECOMENA TA PROSHKONTA
"EAUTOI$ SCHMATA, KAI SMIKRA "OTAN 'AU POLLA KATA
<P 54D>
TA TRIGWNA DIASPARHI, GENOMENO$ "EI$ 'ARIQMO$ "ENO$ 'OGKOU
MEGA 'APOTELESEIEN 'AN4 'ALLO 'EIDO$ "EN. TAUTA MEN-'OUN LELECQW
PERI= TH$ 'EI$ 'ALLHLA GENESEW$; "OION DE "EKASTON 'AUTWN
GEGONEN0 'EIDO$ KAI 'EX "OSWN SUMPESONTWN3 'ARIQMWN, LEGEIN
'AN4 "EPOMENON 'EIH. 'ARXEI2 DH TO TE PRWTON 'EIDO$ KAI SMIKROTATON
SUNISTAMENON, STOICEION D' 'AUTOU4 TO THN "UPOTEINOUSAN
TH$ 'ELATTONO$ PLEURA$ DIPLASIAN 'ECON MHKEI; SUNDUO DE
TOIOUTWN KATA DIAMETRON SUNTIQEMENWN KAI TRI$ TOUTOU
<P 54E>
GENOMENOU, TA$ DIAMETROU$ KAI TA$ BRACEIA$ PLEURA$ 'EI$
'TAUTON "W$ KENTRON 'EREISANTWN0, "EN 'ISOPLEURON TRIGWNON 'EX "EX
TON 'ARIQMON 'ONTWN0 GEGONEN0. TRIGWNA DE 'ISOPLEURA SUNISTAMENA
TETTARA KATA SUNTREI$ 'EPIPEDOU$ GWNIA$ MIAN STEREAN


<P 55A>
GWNIAN POIEI0, TH$ 'AMBLUTATH$ TWN 'EPIPEDWN GWNIWN 'EFEXH$
GEGONUIAN; TOIOUTWN DE 'APOTELESQEISWN TETTARWN PRWTON
'EIDO$ STEREON, "OLOU PERIFEROU$ DIANEMHTIKON 'EI$ 'ISA MERH
KAI "O=MOIA, SUNISTATAI. DEUTERON DE 'EK MEN TWN 'AUTWN
TRIGWNWN, KATA DE 'ISOPLEURA TRIGWNA 'OKTW SUSTANTWN0,
MIAN 'APERGASAMENWN STEREAN GWNIAN 'EK TETTARWN 'EPIPEDWN;
KAI GENOMENWN "EX TOIOUTWN TO DEUTERON 'AU SWMA "OUTW$ 'ESCEN
TELO$. TO DE TRITON 'EK DI$ "EXHKONTA TWN STOICEIWN SUMPAGENTWN5,
<P 55B>
STEREWN DE GWNIWN DWDEKA, "UPO PENTE 'EPIPEDWN
TRIGWNWN 'ISOPLEURWN PERIECOMENH$ "EKASTH$, 'EIKOSI BASEI$
'ECON 'ISOPLEUROU$ TRIGWNOU$ GEGONEN0. KAI TO MEN "ETERON
'APHLLAKTO TWN STOICEIWN TAUTA GENNHSAN, TO DE 'ISOSKELE$
TRIGWNON 'EGENNA THN TOU* TETARTOU FUSIN, KATA TETTARA
SUNISTAMENON, 'EI$ TO KENTRON TA$ 'ORQA$ GWNIA$ SUNAGON,
"EN 'ISOPLEURON TETRAGWNON 'APERGASAMENON; "EX DE TOIAUTA
<P 55C>
SUMPAGENTA GWNIA$ 'OKTW STEREA$ 'APETELESEN, KATA TREI$
'EPIPEDOU$ 'ORQA$ SUNARMOSQEISH$ "EKASTH$; TO DE SCHMA TOU*
SUSTANTO$ SWMATO$ GEGONEN0 KUBIKON, "EX 'EPIPEDOU$ TETRAGWNOU$
'ISOPLEUROU$ BASEI$ 'ECON. 'ETI DE 'OUSH$ SUSTASEW$
MIA$ PEMPTH$, 'EPI TO PAN "O QEO$ 'AUTHI KATECRHSATO 'EKEINO
DIAZWGRAFWN.
"A DH TI$ 'EI PANTA LOGIZOMENO$ 'EMMELW$ 'APOROI POTERON
'APEIROU$ CRH KOSMOU$ 'EINAI LEGEIN 'H= PERA$ 'ECONTA$, TO MEN
<P 55D>
'APEIROU$ "HGHSAIT' 'AN4 'ONTW$ 'APEIROU TINO$ 'EINAI DOGMA "WN
'EMPEIRON CREWN 'EINAI, POTERON DE "ENA 'H= PENTE 'AUTOU$ 'ALHQEIA\
PEFUKOTA$ LEGEIN POTE PROSHKEI0, MALLON 'AN4 TAUTHI STA$
'EIKOTW$ DIAPORHSAI4. TO MEN-'OUN-DH PAR' "HMWN "ENA 'AUTON
KATA TON 'EIKOTA LOGON PEFUKOTA MHNUEI0 QEON, 'ALLO$ DE 'EI$
'A=LLA PHI BLEYA$ "E=TERA DOXASEI2. KAI TOUTON MEN MEQETEON,
TA DE GEGONOTA NU*N TW*I LOGWI GENH DIANEIMWMEN 'EI$ PUR KAI
GHN KAI "UDWR KAI 'AERA. GHI MEN-DH TO KUBIKON 'EIDO$ DWMEN;
<P 55E>
'AKINHTOTATH GAR TWN TETTARWN GENWN GH KAI TWN SWMATWN
PLASTIKWTATH, MALISTA DE 'ANAGKH GEGONENAI TOIOUTON TO TA$
BASEI$ 'ASFALESTATA$ 'ECON; BASI$ DE "H TE TWN KAT' 'ARCA$
TRIGWNWN "UPOTEQENTWN5 'ASFALESTE=RA KATA FUSIN "H TWN 'ISWN
PLEURWN TH$ TWN 'ANISWN, TO TE 'EX "EKATEROU SUNTEQEN 'EPIPEDON
'ISOPLEURON 'ISOPLEUROU TETRAGWNON TRIGWNOU KATA TE
MERH KAI KAQ' "OLON STASIMWTERW$ 'EX 'ANAGKH$ BEBHKEN0. DIO


<P 56A>
GHI MEN TOUTO 'APONEMONTE$ TON 'EIKOTA LOGON DIASWIZOMEN,
"UDATI D' 'AU TWN LOIPWN TO DUSKINHTOTATON 'EIDO$, TO D'
'EUKINHTOTATON PURI, TO DE MESON 'AERI; KAI TO MEN SMIKROTATON
SWMA PURI, TO D' 'AU MEGISTON "UDATI, TO DE MESON
'AERI; KAI TO MEN 'OXUTATON 'AU PURI, TO DE DEUTERON 'AERI, TO
DE TRITON "UDATI. TAUT' 'OUN-DH PANTA, TO MEN 'ECON 'OLIGISTA$
BASEI$ 'EUKINHTOTATON 'ANAGKH PEFUKENAI, TMHTIKWTATON TE-KAI
<P 56B>
'OXUTATON 'ON PANTHI PANTWN, 'ETI TE 'ELAFROTATON, 'EX
'OLIGISTWN SUNESTO$ TWN 'AUTWN MERWN; TO DE DEUTERON
DEUTERW$ TA 'AUTA TAUT' 'ECEIN, TRITW$ DE TO TRITON. 'ESTW DH
KATA TON 'ORQON LOGON KAI KATA TON 'EIKOTA TO MEN TH$ PURAMIDO$
STEREON GEGONO$ 'EIDO$ PURO$ STOICEION KAI SPERMA; TO
DE DEUTERON KATA GENESIN 'EIPWMEN 'AERO$, TO DE TRITON "UDATO$.
PANTA 'OUN-DH TAUTA DEI DIANOEISQAI SMIKRA "OUTW$, "W$ KAQ'
<P 56C>
"EN "EKASTON MEN TOU* GENOU$ "EKASTOU DIA= SMIKROTHTA 'OUDEN
"ORWMENON "UF' "HMWN, SUNAQROISQENTWN5 DE POLLWN TOU$ 'OGKOU$
'AUTWN "ORASQAI; KAI-DH-KAI TO TWN 'ANALOGIWN PERI= TE TA
PLHQH KAI TA$ KINHSEI$ KAI TA$ 'ALLA$ DUNAMEI$ PANTACHI
TON QEON, "OPHIPER "H TH$ 'ANAGKH$ "EKOUSA PEISQEISA TE FUSI$
"UPEIKEN2, TAUTHI PANTHI DI' 'AKRIBEIA$ 'APOTELESQEISWN "UP' 'AUTOU4
SUNHRMOSQAI TAUTA 'ANA LOGON.
'EK DH PANTWN "WNPER TA GENH PROEIRHKAMEN "WD' 'AN4 KATA
<P 56D>
TO 'EIKO$ MALIST' 'AN4 'ECOI. GH MEN SUNTUGCANOUSA PURI
DIALUQEISA TE "UPO TH$ 'OXUTHTO$ 'AUTOU4 FEROIT' 'AN4, 'EI=T' 'EN
'AUTWI PURI LUQEISA 'EI=T' 'EN 'AERO$ 'EI=T' 'EN "UDATO$ 'OGKWI TUCOI,
MECRIPER 'AN4 'AUTH$ PHI SUNTUCONTA TA MERH, PALIN SUNARMOSQENTA
'AUTA "AUTOI$, GH GENOITO % 'OU-GAR 'EI$ 'ALLO GE 'EIDO$
'ELQOI POT' 'AN4 % "UDWR DE "UPO PURO$ MERISQEN, 'EI=TE-KAI "UP'
'AERO$, 'EGCWREI0 GIGNESQAI SUSTANTA "EN MEN PURO$ SWMA, DUO
<P 56E>
DE 'AERO$; TA DE 'AERO$ TMHMATA 'EX "ENO$ MEROU$ DIALUQENTO$
DU' 'AN4 GENOISQHN SWMATA PURO$. KAI PALIN, "OTAN 'AERI PUR
"UDASIN TE 'H= TINI GHI PERILAMBANOMENON 'EN POLLOI$ 'OLIGON,
KINOUMENON 'EN FEROMENOI$, MACOMENON KAI NIKHQEN KATAQRAUSQHI,
DUO PURO$ SWMATA 'EI$ "EN SUNISTASQON0 'EIDO$ 'AERO$;
KAI KRATHQENTO$ 'AERO$ KERMATISQENTO$ TE 'EK DUOIN "OLOIN KAI
"HMISEO$ "UDATO$ 'EIDO$ "EN "OLON 'ESTAI SUMPAGE$. "WDE GAR-DH
LOGISWMEQA 'AUTA PALIN, "W$ "OTAN 'EN PURI LAMBANOMENON TWN


<P 57A>
'ALLWN "UP' 'AUTOU4 TI GENO$ THI TWN GWNIWN KAI KATA TA$ PLEURA$
'OXUTHTI TEMNHTAI, SUSTAN MEN 'EI$ THN 'EKEINOU FUSIN PEPAUTAI
TEMNOMENON % TO GAR "OMOION KAI 'TAUTON "AUTWI GENO$ "EKASTON
'OUTE TINA METABOLHN 'EMPOIHSAI0 DUNATON 'OUTE TI PAQEIN "UPO
TOU* KATA 'TAUTA "OMOIW$ TE 'ECONTO$ % "EW$ D' 'AN4 'EI$ 'ALLO TI
GIGNOMENON "HTTON 'ON KREITTONI MACHTAI, LUOMENON 'OU PAUETAI.
TA TE 'AU SMIKRO=TERA "OTAN 'EN TOI$ MEIZOSIN POLLOI$ PERILAMBANOMENA
<P 57B>
'OLIGA DIAQRAUOMENA KATASBENNUHTAI, SUNISTASQAI
MEN 'EQELONTA 'EI$ THN TOU* KRATOUNTO$ 'IDEAN PEPAUTAI
KATASBENNUMENA GIGNETAI TE 'EK PURO$ 'AHR, 'EX 'AERO$ "UDWR;
'EA=N D' 'EI$ 'TAUTA 'IHI5 KAI TWN 'ALLWN TI SUNION GENWN MACHTAI,
LUOMENA 'OU PAUETAI, PRIN 'H= PANTAPASIN 'WQOUMENA KAI DIALUQENTA
'EKFUGHI6 PRO$ TO SUGGENE$, 'H= NIKHQENTA, "EN 'EK POLLWN
"OMOION TW*I KRATHSANTI GENOMENON, 'AUTOU42 SUNOIKON MEINHI6. KAI-DH-KAI
<P 57C>
KATA TAUTA TA PAQHMATA DIAMEIBETAI TA$ CWRA$
"APANTA; DIESTHKEN0 MEN-GAR TOU* GENOU$ "EKASTOU TA PLHQH
KATA TOPON 'IDION DIA= THN TH$ DECOMENH$ KINHSIN, TA DE
'ANOMOIOUMENA "EKASTOTE "EAUTOI$, 'ALLOI$ DE "OMOIOUMENA, FERETAI
DIA= TON SEISMON PRO$ TON 'EKEINWN "OI$ 'AN4 "OMOIWQHI
TOPON.
"OSA MEN-'OUN 'AKRATA KAI PRWTA SWMATA DIA= TOIOUTWN
'AITIWN GEGONEN0; TO D' 'EN TOI$ 'EIDESIN 'AUTWN "E=TERA 'EMPEFUKENAI
GENH THN "EKATEROU TWN STOICEIWN 'AITIATEON SUSTASIN,
<P 57D>
MH MONON "EN "EKATERAN MEGEQO$ 'ECON TO TRIGWNON FUTEUSAI0
KAT' 'ARCA$, 'ALL' 'ELATTW TE-KAI MEIZW, TON 'ARIQMON DE
'ECONTA TOSOUTON "OSAPER 'AN4 'HI 'TAN TOI$ 'EIDESI GENH. DIO
DH SUMMEIGNUMENA 'AUTA TE PRO$ "AUTA KAI PRO$ 'ALLHLA THN
POIKILIAN 'ESTIN 'APEIRA; "H$ DH DEI QEWROU$ GIGNESQAI TOU$
MELLONTA$ PERI= FUSEW$ 'EIKOTI LOGWI CRHSESQAI.
KINHSEW$ 'OUN STASEW$ TE PE=RI, TI=NA TROPON KAI MEQ'
"WNTINWN GIGNESQON0, 'EI MH TI$ DIOMOLOGHSETAI, POLL' 'AN4 'EIH
<P 57E>
'EMPODWN TW*I KATOPISQEN LOGISMWI. TA MEN-'OUN 'HDH PERI=
'AUTWN 'EIRHTAI, PRO$ D' 'EKEINOI$ 'ETI TADE, 'EN MEN "OMALOTHTI
MHDEPOTE 'EQELEIN KINHSIN 'ENEINAI. TO GAR KINHSOMENON 'ANEU
TOU* KINHSONTO$ 'H= TO KINHSON0 'ANEU TOU* KINHSOMENOU CALEPON,
MALLON DE 'ADUNATON, 'EINAI; KINHSI$ DE 'OUK 'ESTIN TOUTWN
'APONTWN0, TAUTA DE "OMALA 'EINAI POTE 'ADUNATON. "OUTW DH
STASIN MEN 'EN "OMALOTHTI, KINHSIN DE 'EI$ 'ANWMALOTHTA 'AEI


<P 58A>
TIQWMEN; 'AITIA DE 'ANISOTH$ 'AU TH$ 'ANWMALOU FUSEW$.
'ANISOTHTO$ DE GENESIN MEN DIELHLUQAMEN; PW*$ DE POTE 'OU
KATA GENH DIACWRISQENTA "EKASTA PEPAUTAI TH$ DI' 'ALLHLWN
KINHSEW$ KAI FORA$, 'OUK 'EIPOMEN. "WDE 'OUN PALIN 'EROUMEN2. "H
TOU* PANTO$ PERIODO$, 'EPEIDH SUMPERIELABEN TA GENH, KUKLOTERH$
'OUSA KAI PRO$ "AUTHN PEFUKUIA BOULESQAI SUNIENAI,
SFIGGEI0 PANTA KAI KENHN CWRAN 'OUDEMIAN 'EA*I0 LEIPESQAI. DIO
<P 58B>
DH PUR MEN 'EI$ "APANTA DIELHLUQE0 MALISTA 'AHR DE DEUTERON,
"W$ LEPTOTHTI DEUTERON 'EFU, KAI 'TALLA TAUTHI; TA GAR 'EK
MEGISTWN MERWN GEGONOTA MEGISTHN KENOTHTA 'EN THI SUSTASEI
PARALELOIPEN0, TA DE SMIKROTATA 'ELACISTHN. "H DH TH$ PILHSEW$
SUNODO$ TA SMIKRA 'EI$ TA TWN MEGALWN DIAKENA SUNWQEI0.
SMIKRWN 'OUN PARA MEGALA TIQEMENWN KAI TWN 'ELATTONWN TA
MEIZONA DIAKRINONTWN0, TWN DE MEIZONWN 'EKEINA SUGKRINONTWN0,
PANT' 'ANW KATW METAFERETAI PRO$ TOU$ "EAUTWN TOPOU$;
<P 58C>
METABALLON GAR TO MEGEQO$ "EKASTON KAI THN TOPWN METABALLEI0
STASIN. "OUTW DH DIA= TAUTA TE "H TH$ 'ANWMALOTHTO$
DIASWIZOMENH GENESI$ 'AEI THN 'AEI KINHSIN TOUTWN 'OUSAN
'ESOMENHN TE 'ENDELECW$ PARECETAI.
META DH TAUTA DEI NOEIN "OTI4 PURO$ TE GENH POLLA GEGONEN0,
"OION FLOX TO TE 'APO TH$ FLOGO$ 'APION, "O= KAEI0 MEN 'OU=, FW$
DE TOI$ 'OMMASIN PARECEI0, TO TE FLOGO$ 'APOSBESQEISH$ 'EN
<P 58D>
TOI$ DIAPUROI$ KATALEIPOMENON 'AUTOU4; KATA 'TAUTA DE 'AERO$,
TO MEN 'EUAGESTATON 'EPIKLHN 'AIQHR KALOUMENO$0, "O DE QOLERWTATO$
"OMICLH TE-KAI SKOTO$, "E=TERA TE 'ANWNUMA 'EIDH, GEGONOTA
DIA= THN TWN TRIGWNWN 'ANISOTHTA. TA DE "UDATO$ DICHI MEN
PRWTON, TO MEN "UGRON, TO DE CUTON GENO$ 'AUTOU4. TO MEN-'OUN
"UGRON DIA= TO METECON 'EINAI TWN GENWN TWN "UDATO$ "OSA SMIKRA,
'ANISWN 'ONTWN0, KINHTIKON 'AUTO TE KAQ' "AUTO KAI "UP' 'ALLOU DIA=
THN 'ANWMALOTHTA KAI THN TOU* SCHMATO$ 'IDEAN GEGONEN0; TO
<P 58E>
DE 'EK MEGALWN KAI "OMALWN STASIMWTERON MEN 'EKEINOU KAI
BARU PEPHGO$ "UPO "OMALOTHTO$ 'ESTIN, "UPO DE PURO$ 'EISIONTO$
KAI DIALUONTO$ 'AUTO THN "OMALOTHTA 'APOBALLEI0, TAUTHN DE
'APOLESAN METISCEI0 MALLON KINHSEW$, GENOMENON DE 'EUKINHTON,
"UPO TOU* PLHSION 'AERO$ 'WQOUMENON KAI KATATEINOMENON 'EPI
GHN, THKESQAI MEN THN TWN 'OGKWN KAQAIRESIN, "ROHN DE THN
KATATASIN 'EPI GHN 'EPWNUMIAN "EKATEROU TOU* PAQOU$ 'ELABEN.


<P 59A>
PALIN D' 'EKPIPTONTO$ 'AUTOQEN TOU* PURO$, "ATE 'OUK 'EI$ KENON
'EXIONTO$, 'WQOUMENO$ "O PLHSION 'AHR 'EUKINHTON 'ONTA 'ETI TON
"UGRON 'OGKON 'EI$ TA$ TOU* PURO$ "EDRA$ SUNWQWN 'AUTON "AUTWI
SUMMEIGNUSIN0; "O DE SUNWQOUMENO$ 'APOLAMBANWN TE THN
"OMALOTHTA PALIN, "ATE TOU* TH$ 'ANWMALOTHTO$ DHMIOURGOU
PURO$ 'APIONTO$, 'EI$ 'TAUTON "AUTWI KAQISTATAI. KAI THN MEN
TOU* PURO$ 'APALLAGHN YUXIN, THN DE SUNODON 'APELQONTO$
'EKEINOU PEPHGO$ 'EINAI GENO$ PROSERRHQH. TOUTWN DH PANTWN
<P 59B>
"OSA CUTA PROSEIPOMEN "UDATA, TO MEN 'EK LEPTOTATWN
KAI "OMALWTATWN PUKNOTATON GIGNOMENON, MONOEIDE$ GENO$,
STILBONTI KAI XANQWI CRWMATI KOINWQEN, TIMALFESTATON
KTHMA CRUSO$ 'HQHMENO$ DIA= PETRA$ 'EPAGH; CRUSOU DE 'OZO$,
DIA= PUKNOTHTA SKLHROTATON 'ON KAI MELANQEN, 'ADAMA$ 'EKLHQH.
TO D' 'EGGU$ MEN CRUSOU TWN MERWN, 'EIDH DE PLEIONA "ENO$ 'ECON,
PUKNOTHTI DE, THI MEN CRUSOU PUKNOTERON 'ON, KAI GH$ MORION
'OLIGON KAI LEPTON METASCON, "WSTE SKLHROTERON 'EINAI, TW*I
<P 59C>
DE MEGALA 'ENTO$ "AUTOU DIALEIMMATA 'ECEIN KOUFOTERON, TWN
LAMPRWN PHKTWN TE "EN GENO$ "UDATWN CALKO$ SUSTAQEI$
GEGONEN0; TO D' 'EK GH$ 'AUTWI MEICQEN, "OTAN PALAIOUMENW
DIACWRIZHSQON PALIN 'AP' 'ALLHLWN, 'EKFANE$ KAQ' "AUTO GIGNOMENON
'IO$ LEGETAI. 'TALLA DE TWN TOIOUTWN 'OUDEN POIKILON
'ETI DIALOGISASQAI THN TWN 'EIKOTWN MUQWN METADIWKONTA
'IDEAN; "HN "OTAN TI$ 'ANAPAUSEW$ "ENEKA TOU$ PERI= TWN 'ONTWN0
'AEI KATAQEMENO$ LOGOU$, TOU$ GENESEW$ PE=RI DIAQEWMENO$
<P 59D>
'EIKOTA$ 'AMETAMELHTON "HDONHN KTATAI2, METRION 'AN4 'EN TW*I BIWI
PAIDIAN KAI FRONIMON POIOITO. TAUTHI DH-KAI TA NU*N 'EFENTE$
TO META TOUTO TWN 'AUTWN PE=RI TA "EXH$ 'EIKOTA DIIMEN0 THIDE.
TO PURI MEMEIGMENON "UDWR, "OSON LEPTON "UGRON TE DIA= THN
KINHSIN KAI THN "ODON "HN KULINDOUMENON 'EPI GH$ "UGRON LEGETAI,
MALAKON TE 'AU TW*I TA$ BASEI$ "HTTON "EDRAIOU$ 'OUSA$ 'H= TA$ GH$
"UPEIKEIN, TOUTO "OTAN PURO$ 'APOCWRISQEN 'AERO$ TE MONWQHI,
<P 59E>
GEGONEN0 MEN "OMALWTERON, SUNEWSTAI DE "UPO TWN 'EXIONTWN0
'EI$ "AUTO, PAGEN TE "OUTW$ TO MEN "UPER GH$ MALISTA PAQON
TAUTA CALAZA, TO D' 'EPI GH$ KRUSTALLO$, TO DE "HTTON, "HMIPAGE$
TE 'ON 'ETI, TO MEN "UPER GH$ 'AU CIWN, TO D' 'EPI GH$ SUMPAGEN
'EK DROSOU GENOMENON PACNH LEGETAI. TA DE-DH PLEISTA
"UDATWN 'EIDH MEMEIGMENA 'ALLHLOI$ % SUMPAN MEN TO GENO$,


<P 60A>
DIA= TWN 'EK GH$ FUTWN 'HQHMENA, CUMOI LEGOMENOI % DIA= DE TA$
MEIXEI$ 'ANOMOIOTHTA "EKASTOI SCONTE$ TA MEN 'A=LLA POLLA
'ANWNUMA GENH PARESCONTO, TETTARA DE "OSA 'EMPURA 'EIDH,
DIAFANH MALISTA GENOMENA, 'EILHFEN0 'ONOMATA 'AUTWN, TO MEN
TH$ YUCH$ META TOU* SWMATO$ QERMANTIKON 'OINO$, TO DE LEION
KAI DIAKRITIKON 'OYEW$ DIA= TAUTA TE 'IDEIN LAMPRON KAI STILBON
LIPARON TE FANTAZOMENON 'ELAIHRON 'EIDO$, PITTA KAI KIKI KAI
'ELAION 'AUTO "OSA T' 'A=LLA TH$ 'AUTH$ DUNAMEW$; "OSON DE DIACUTIKON
<P 60B>
MECRI FUSEW$ TWN PERI= TO STOMA SUNODWN, TAUTHI
THI DUNAMEI GLUKUTHTA PARECOMENON, MELI TO KATA PANTWN
MALISTA PROSRHMA 'ESCEN, TO DE TH$ SARKO$ DIALUTIKON TW*I
KAEIN, 'AFRWDE$ GENO$, 'EK PANTWN 'AFORISQEN TWN CUMWN,
'OPO$ 'EPWNOMASQH.
GH$ DE 'EIDH, TO MEN 'HQHMENON DIA= "UDATO$ TOIWIDE TROPWI
GIGNETAI SWMA LIQINON. TO SUMMIGE$ "UDWR "OTAN 'EN THI
SUMMEIXEI KOPHI, METEBALEN 'EI$ 'AERO$ 'IDEAN; GENOMENO$ DE
<P 60C>
'AHR 'EI$ TON "EAUTOU TOPON 'ANAQEI0. KENON D' "UPEREICEN
'AUTWN 'OUDEN; TON 'OUN PLHSION 'EWSEN 'AERA. "O DE "ATE 'WN
BARU$, 'WSQEI$ KAI PERICUQEI$ TW*I TH$ GH$ 'OGKWI, SFO=DRA
'EQLIYEN SUNEWSEN TE 'AUTON 'EI$ TA$ "EDRA$ "OQEN 'ANHIEI "O NEO$
'AHR; SUNWSQEISA DE "UPO 'AERO$ 'ALUTW$ "UDATI GH SUNISTATAI
PETRA, KALLIWN MEN "H TWN 'ISWN KAI "OMALWN DIAFANH$ MERWN,
'AISCIWN DE "H 'ENANTIA. TO DE "UPO PURO$ TACOU$ TO NOTERON
<P 60D>
PAN 'EXARPASQEN KAI KRAUROTERON 'EKEINOU SUSTAN, "WI GENEI
KERAMON 'EPWNOMAKAMEN, TOUTO GEGONEN0; 'ESTIN DE "OTE NOTIDO$
"UPOLEIFQEISH$ CUTH GH GENOMENH DIA= PURO$ "OTAN YUCQHI,
GIGNETAI TO MELAN CRWMA 'ECON LIQO$. TW D' 'AU KATA 'TAUTA
MEN TAUTA 'EK SUMMEIXEW$ "UDATO$ 'APOMONOUMENW POLLOU,
LEPTOTERWN DE 'EK GH$ MERWN "ALMURW TE 'ONTE, "HMIPAGH GENOMENW
KAI LUTW PALIN "UF' "UDATO$, TO MEN 'ELAIOU KAI GH$
KAQARTIKON GENO$ LITRON, TO D' 'EUARMOSTON 'EN TAI$ KOINWNIAI$
<P 60E>
TAI$ PERI= THN TOU* STOMATO$ 'AISQHSIN "ALWN KATA LOGON
NOMOU8 QEOFILE$ SWMA 'EGENETO. TA DE KOINA 'EX 'AMFOIN
"UDATI MEN 'OU LUTA, PURI DE, DIA= TO TOIONDE "OUTW SUMPHGNUTAI.
GH$ 'OGKOU$ PUR MEN 'AHR TE 'OU THKEI0; TH$ GAR SUSTASEW$
TWN DIAKENWN 'AUTH$ SMIKROMERE=STERA PEFUKOTA, DIA= POLLH$
'EURUCWRIA$ 'IONTA, 'OU BIAZOMENA, 'ALUTON 'AUTHN 'EASANTA
'ATHKTON PARESCEN; TA DE "UDATO$ 'EPEIDH MEIZW PEFUKEN0 MERH,
BIAION POIOUMENA THN DIEXODON, LUONTA 'AUTHN THKEI0. GHN


<P 61A>
MEN-GAR 'ASUSTATON "UPO BIA$ "OUTW$ "UDWR MONON LUEI0,
SUNESTHKUIAN DE PLHN PURO$ 'OUDEN; 'EISODO$ GAR 'OUDENI PLHN
PURI LELEIPTAI. THN DE "UDATO$ 'AU SUNODON THN MEN BIAIOTATHN
PUR MONON, THN DE 'ASQENESTERAN 'AMFO=TERA, PUR TE-KAI
'AHR, DIACEITON0, "O MEN KATA TA DIAKENA, TO DE-KAI KATA
TA TRIGWNA; BIA\ DE 'AERA SUSTANTA 'OUDEN LUEI0 PLHN KATA
TO STOICEION, 'ABIASTON DE KATATHKEI0 MONON PUR. TA DH TWN
SUMMEIKTWN 'EK GH$ TE-KAI "UDATO$ SWMATWN, MECRIPER 'AN4
<P 61B>
"UDWR 'AUTOU4 TA TH$ GH$ DIAKENA KAI BIA\ SUMPEPILHMENA KATECHI5,
TA MEN "UDATO$ 'EPIONTA 'EXWQEN 'EISODON 'OUK 'ECONTA MERH
PERIRREONTA TON "OLON 'OGKON 'ATHKTON 'EIASEN, TA DE PURO$
'EI$ TA TWN "UDATWN DIAKENA 'EISIONTA, "OPER "UDWR GHN, TOUTO
PUR 'AERA8 'APERGAZOMENA, THCQENTI TW*I KOINWI SWMATI "REIN
MONA 'AITIA SUMBEBHKEN0; TUGCANEI0 DE TAUTA 'ONTA, TA MEN
'ELATTON 'ECONTA "UDATO$ 'H= GH$, TO TE PERI= THN "UALON GENO$
<P 61C>
"APAN "OSA TE LIQWN CUTA 'EIDH KALEITAI0, TA DE PLEON "UDATO$
'AU, PANTA "OSA KHROEIDH KAI QUMIATIKA SWMATA SUMPHGNUTAI.
KAI TA MEN-DH SCHMASI KOINWNIAI$ TE-KAI METALLAGAI$
'EI$ 'ALLHLA PEPOIKILMENA 'EIDH SCEDON 'EPIDEDEIKTAI; TA DE
PAQHMATA 'AUTWN DI' "A$ 'AITIA$ GEGONEN0 PEIRATEON 'EMFANIZEIN.
PRWTON MEN-'OUN "UPARCEIN 'AISQHSIN DEI TOI$ LEGOMENOI$ 'AEI,
SARKO$ DE-KAI TWN PERI= SARKA GENESIN, YUCH$ TE "OSON
QNHTON, 'OUPW DIELHLUQAMEN; TUGCANEI0 DE-'OUTE TAUTA CWRI$
<P 61D>
TWN PERI= TA PAQHMATA "OSA 'AISQHTIKA 'OUT' 'EKEINA 'ANEU TOUTWN
DUNATA "IKANW$ LECQHNAI, TO DE "AMA SCEDON 'OU DUNATON.
"UPOQETEON DH PROTERON QATERA, TA D' "UPOTEQENTA 'EPANIMEN0
'AUQI$. "INA 'OUN "EXH$ TA PAQHMATA LEGHTAI TOI$ GENESIN,
'ESTW PRO=TERA "HMIN TA PERI= SWMA KAI YUCHN 'ONTA. PRWTON
MEN-'OUN "HI PUR QERMON LEGOMEN, 'IDWMEN "WDE SKOPOUNTE$, THN
DIAKRISIN KAI TOMHN 'AUTOU4 PERI= TO SWMA "HMWN GIGNOMENHN
<P 61E>
'ENNOHQENTE$. "OTI4 MEN-GAR 'OXU TI TO PAQO$, PANTE$ SCEDON
'AISQANOMEQA; THN DE LEPTOTHTA TWN PLEURWN KAI GWNIWN
'OXUTHTA TWN TE MORIWN SMIKROTHTA KAI TH$ FORA$ TO TACO$,
"OI$ PASI SFODRON 'ON KAI TOMON 'OXEW$ TO PROSTUCON 'AEI


<P 62A>
TEMNEI0, LOGISTEON 'ANAMIMNHISKOMENOI$ THN TOU* SCHMATO$
'AUTOU4 GENESIN, "OTI4 MALISTA 'EKEINH KAI 'OUK 'ALLH FUSI$ DIAKRINOUSA0
"HMWN KATA SMIKRA TE TA SWMATA KERMATIZOUSA
TOUTO "O= NU*N QERMON LEGOMEN 'EIKOTW$ TO PAQHMA KAI 'TOUNOMA
PARESCEN. TO D' 'ENANTION TOUTWN KATADHLON MEN, "OMW$ DE
MHDEN 'EPIDEE$ 'ESTW LOGOU. TA GAR-DH TWN PERI= TO SWMA
"UGRWN MEGALOMERE=STERA 'EISIONTA, TA SMIKRO=TERA 'EXWQOUNTA,
'EI$ TA$ 'EKEINWN 'OU DUNAMENA "EDRA$ 'ENDUNAI0, SUNWQOUNTA "HMWN
<P 62B>
TO NOTERON, 'EX 'ANWMALOU KEKINHMENOU TE 'AKINHTON DI' "OMALOTHTA
KAI THN SUNWSIN 'APERGAZOMENA PHGNUSIN0; TO DE PARA
FUSIN SUNAGOMENON MACETAI KATA FUSIN 'AUTO "EAUTO 'EI$
'TOUNANTION 'APWQOUN. THI DH MACHI KAI TW*I SEISMWI TOUTWI
TROMO$ KAI "RIGO$ 'ETEQH, YUCRON TE TO PAQO$ "APAN TOUTO KAI
TO DRWN 'AUTO 'ESCEN 'ONOMA. SKLHRON DE, "OSOI$ 'AN4 "HMWN "H
SARX "UPEIKHI5, MALAKON DE, "OSA 'AN4 THI SARKI; PRO$ 'ALLHLA
TE "OUTW$. "UPEIKEI0 DE "OSON 'EPI SMIKROU BAINEI0; TO DE 'EK
<P 62C>
TETRAGWNWN 'ON BASEWN, "ATE BEBHKO$ SFO=DRA, 'ANTITUPWTATON
'EIDO$, "OTI2 TE 'AN4 'EI$ PUKNOTHTA SUNION PLEISTHN 'ANTITONON 'HI
MALISTA. BARU DE-KAI KOUFON META TH$ TOU* KATW FUSEW$
'ANW TE LEGOMENH$ 'EXETAZOMENON 'AN4 DHLWQEIH SAFESTATA.
FUSEI GAR-DH TINA$ TOPOU$ DUO 'EINAI DIEILHFOTA$ DICHI TO
PAN 'ENANTIOU$, TON MEN KATW, PRO$ "ON FERETAI PANQ' "OSA
TINA 'OGKON SWMATO$ 'ECEI0, TON DE 'ANW, PRO$ "ON "AKOUSIW$
'ERCETAI PAN, 'OUK 'ORQON 'OUDAMHI NOMIZEIN; TOU* GAR PANTO$
<P 62D>
'OURANOU SFAIROEIDOU$ 'ONTO$, "OSA MEN 'AFESTWTA 'ISON TOU*
MESOU GEGONEN0 'ESCATA, "OMOIW$ 'AUTA CRH 'ESCATA PEFUKENAI,
TO DE MESON TA 'AUTA METRA TWN 'ESCATWN 'AFESTHKO$ 'EN TW*I
KATANTIKRU NOMIZEIN DEI PANTWN 'EINAI. TOU* DH KOSMOU TAUTHI
PEFUKOTO$, TI= TWN 'EIRHMENWN 'ANW TI$ 'H= KATW TIQEMENO$ 'OUK
'EN DIKHI DOXEI2 TO MHDEN PROSHKON0 'ONOMA LEGEIN: "O MEN-GAR
MESO$ 'EN 'AUTWI TOPO$ 'OUTE KATW PEFUKW$ 'OUTE 'ANW LEGESQAI
DIKAIO$, 'ALL' 'AUTO 'EN MESWI; "O DE PERIX 'OUTE-DH MESO$ 'OUT'
'ECWN DIAFORON "AUTOU MERO$ "ETERON QATEROU MALLON PRO$ TO
MESON 'H= TI TWN KATANTIKRU. TOU* DE "OMOIW$ PANTHI PEFUKOTO$
POI*A TI$ 'EPIFERWN 'ONOMATA 'AUTWI 'ENANTIA KAI PH*I KALW$ 'AN4
"HGOITO LEGEIN: 'EI GAR TI KAI STEREON 'EIH KATA MESON TOU*


<P 63A>
PANTO$ 'ISOPALE$, 'EI$ 'OUDEN 'AN4 POTE TWN 'ESCATWN 'ENECQEIH DIA=
THN PANTHI "OMOIOTHTA 'AUTWN; 'ALL' 'EI KAI PERI= 'AUTO POREUOITO
TI$ 'EN KUKLWI POLLAKI$ 'AN4 STA$ 'ANTIPOU$ 'TAUTON 'AUTOU4 KATW
KAI 'ANW PROSEIPOI. TO MEN-GAR "OLON, KAQAPER 'EIRHTAI
NUNDH, SFAIROEIDE$ 'ON, TOPON TINA KATW, TON DE 'ANW LEGEIN
'ECEIN 'OUK 'EMFRONO$; "OQEN DE 'WNOMASQH TAUTA KAI 'EN "OI$
'ONTA 'EIQISMEQA DI' 'EKEINA KAI TON 'OURANON "OLON "OUTW DIAIROUMENOI
<P 63B>
LEGEIN, TAUTA DIOMOLOGHTEON "UPOQEMENOI$ TADE "HMIN.
'EI TI$ 'EN TW*I TOU* PANTO$ TOPWI KAQ' "ON "H TOU* PURO$ 'EILHCE0
MALISTA FUSI$, "OU4 KAI PLEISTON 'AN4 'HQROISMENON-'EIH PRO$ "O=
FERETAI, 'EPEMBA$ 'EP' 'EKEINO KAI DUNAMIN 'EI$ TOUTO 'ECWN,
MERH TOU* PURO$ 'AFAIRWN "ISTAIH TIQEI=$ 'EI$ PLASTIGGA$, 'AIRWN
TON ZUGON KAI TO PUR "ELKWN 'EI$ 'ANOMOION 'AERA BIAZOMENO$
<P 63C>
DHLON "W$ 'TOULATTON POU TOU* MEIZONO$ "RA*ION BIATAI; "RWMHI
GAR MIA*I DUOIN "AMA METEWRIZOMENOIN TO MEN 'ELATTON MALLON,
TO DE PLEON "HTTON 'ANAGKH POU KATATEINOMENON SUNEPESQAI
THI BIA\, KAI TO MEN POLU BARU KAI KATW FEROMENON KLHQHNAI,
TO DE SMIKRON 'ELAFRON KAI 'ANW. 'TAUTON DH TOUTO DEI
FWRASAI0 DRWNTA$ "HMA$ PERI= TONDE TON TOPON. 'EPI GAR GH$
BEBWTE$ GEWDH GENH DIISTAMENOI, KAI GHN 'ENIOTE 'AUTHN, "ELKOMEN
'EI$ 'ANOMOION 'AERA BIA\ KAI PARA FUSIN, 'AMFO=TERA TOU*
<P 63D>
SUGGENOU$ 'ANTECOMENA, TO DE SMIKROTERON "RA*ION TOU* MEIZONO$
BIAZOMENOI$ 'EI$ TO 'ANOMOION PROTERON SUNEPETAI; KOUFON 'OUN
'AUTO PROSEIRHKAMEN, KAI TON TOPON 'EI$ "ON BIAZOMEQA, 'ANW, TO
D' 'ENANTION TOUTOI$ PAQO$ BARU KAI KATW. TAUT' 'OUN-DH
DIAFORW$ 'ECEIN 'AUTA PRO$ "AUTA 'ANAGKH DIA= TO TA PLHQH TWN
GENWN TOPON 'ENANTION 'A=LLA 'ALLOI$ KATECEIN % TO GAR 'EN
"ETERWI KOUFON 'ON TOPWI TW*I KATA TON 'ENANTION TOPON 'ELAFRWI
<P 63E>
KAI TW*I BAREI TO BARU TW*I TE KATW TO KATW KAI TO 'ANW TW*I
'ANW PANT' 'ENANTIA KAI PLA=GIA KAI PANTW$ DIAFORA PRO$
'ALLHLA 'ANEUREQHSETAI GIGNOMENA KAI 'ONTA % TODE GE-MHN "EN
TI DIANOHTEON PERI= PANTWN 'AUTWN, "W$ "H MEN PRO$ TO SUGGENE$
"ODO$ "EKASTOI$ 'OUSA BARU MEN TO FEROMENON POIEI0, TON
DE TOPON 'EI$ "ON TO TOIOUTON FERETAI, KATW, TA DE TOUTOI$
'ECONTA "W$ "ETERW$ QATERA. PERI= DH TOUTWN 'AU TWN PAQHMATWN
TAUTA 'AITIA 'EIRHSQW. LEIOU D' 'AU KAI TRACEO$
PAQHMATO$ 'AITIAN PA$ POU KATIDWN KAI "ETERWI DUNATO$ 'AN4
'EIH LEGEIN; SKLHROTH$ GAR 'ANWMALOTHTI MEICQEISA, TO D'


<P 64A>
"OMALOTH$ PUKNOTHTI PARECETAI.
MEGISTON DE-KAI LOIPON TWN KOINWN PERI= "OLON TO SWMA
PAQHMATWN TO TWN "HDEWN KAI TWN 'ALGEINWN 'AITION 'EN "OI$
DIELHLUQAMEN, KAI "OSA DIA= TWN TOU* SWMATO$ MORIWN 'AISQHSEI$
KEKTHMENA KAI LUPA$ 'EN "AUTOI$ "HDONA$ Q' "AMA "EPOMENA$
'ECEI0. "WD' 'OUN KATA PANTO$ 'AISQHTOU KAI 'ANAISQHTOU PAQHMATO$
TA$ 'AITIA$ LAMBANWMEN, 'ANAMIMNHISKOMENOI TO TH$
<P 64B>
'EUKINHTOU TE-KAI DUSKINHTOU FUSEW$ "OTI4 DIEILOMEQA 'EN TOI$
PROSQEN; TAUTHI GAR-DH METADIWKTEON PANTA "OSA 'EPINOOUMEN
"ELEIN. TO MEN-GAR KATA FUSIN 'EUKINHTON, "OTAN KAI BRACU
PAQO$ 'EI$ 'AUTO 'EMPIPTHI5, DIADIDWSIN0 KUKLWI MORIA "E=TERA
"ETEROI$ 'TAUTON 'APERGAZOMENA, MECRIPER 'AN4 'EPI TO FRONIMON
'ELQONTA 'EXAGGEILHI6 TOU* POIHSANTO$ THN DUNAMIN; TO D'
'ENANTION "EDRAION 'ON KAT' 'OUDENA TE KUKLON 'ION PASCEI0 MONON,
<P 64C>
'ALLO DE 'OU KINEI0 TWN PLHSION, "WSTE 'OU DIADIDONTWN0 MORIWN
MORIOI$ 'ALLWN 'ALLOI$ TO PRWTON PAQO$ 'EN 'AUTOI$ 'AKINHTON
'EI$ TO PAN ZWION GENOMENON 'ANAISQHTON PARESCEN TO PAQON.
TAUTA DE PERI= TE 'OSTA KAI TA$ TRICA$ 'ESTIN KAI "OS' 'A=LLA
GHINA TO PLEISTON 'ECOMEN 'EN "HMIN MORIA; TA DE 'EMPROSQEN
PERI= TA TH$ 'OYEW$ KAI 'AKOH$ MALISTA, DIA= TO PURO$ 'AERO$
TE 'EN 'AUTOI$ DUNAMIN 'ENEINAI MEGISTHN. TO DH TH$ "HDONH$
KAI LUPH$ "WDE DEI DIANOEISQAI; TO MEN PARA FUSIN KAI
<P 64D>
BIAION GIGNOMENON "AQROON PAR' "HMIN PAQO$ 'ALGEINON, TO D'
'EI$ FUSIN 'APION PALIN "AQROON "HDU, TO DE 'HREMA KAI KATA
SMIKRON 'ANAISQHTON, TO D' 'ENANTION TOUTOI$ 'ENANTIW$. TO DE
MET' 'EUPETEIA$ GIGNOMENON "APAN 'AISQHTON MEN "OTI2 MALISTA,
LUPH$ DE-KAI "HDONH$ 'OU METECON, "OION TA PERI= THN 'OYIN
'AUTHN PAQHMATA, "H=4 DH SWMA 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN 'ERRHQH KAQ'
"HMERAN SUMFUE$ "HMWN GIGNESQAI. TAUTHI GAR TOMAI MEN-KAI
KAUSEI$ KAI "OSA 'A=LLA PASCEI0 LUPA$ 'OUK 'EMPOIOUSIN0, 'OUDE
<P 64E>
"HDONA$ PALIN 'EPI 'TAUTON 'APIOUSH$ 'EIDO$, MEGISTAI DE 'AISQHSEI$
KAI SAFESTATAI KAQ' "OTI2 T' 'AN4 PAQHI6 KAI "OSWN 'AN4 'AUTH
PHI PROSBALOUSA2 'EFAPTHTAI; BIA GAR TO PAMPAN 'OUK 'ENI
THI DIAKRISEI TE 'AUTH$ KAI SUGKRISEI. TA D' 'EK MEIZONWN
MERWN SWMATA MOGI$ 'EIKONTA TW*I DRWNTI, DIADIDONTA DE 'EI$
"OLON TA$ KINHSEI$, "HDONA$ 'ISCEI0 KAI LUPA$, 'ALLOTRIOUMENA


<P 65A>
MEN LUPA$, KAQISTAMENA DE 'EI$ TO 'AUTO PALIN "HDONA$. "OSA
DE KATA SMIKRON TA$ 'APOCWRHSEI$ "EAUTWN KAI KENWSEI$
'EILHFEN0, TA$ DE PLHRWSEI$ "AQROA$ KAI KATA MEGALA, KENWSEW$
MEN 'ANAISQHTA, PLHRWSEW$ DE 'AISQHTIKA GIGNOMENA,
LUPA$ MEN 'OU PARECEI0 TW*I QNHTWI TH$ YUCH$, MEGISTA$ DE
"HDONA$; 'ESTIN DE 'ENDHLA PERI= TA$ 'EUWDIA$. "OSA DE 'APALLOTRIOUTAI
MEN "AQROA, KATA SMIKRA DE MOGI$ TE 'EI$ 'TAUTON
<P 65B>
PALIN "EAUTOI$ KAQISTATAI, 'TOUNANTION TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN PANTA
'APODIDWSIN0; TAUTA D' 'AU PERI= TA$ KAUSEI$ KAI TOMA$ TOU*
SWMATO$ GIGNOMENA 'ESTIN KATADHLA.
KAI TA MEN-DH KOINA TOU* SWMATO$ PANTO$ PAQHMATA,
TWN T' 'EPWNUMIWN "OSAI TOI$ DRWSIN4 'AUTA GEGONASI, SCEDON
'EIRHTAI; TA D' 'EN 'IDIOI$ MERESIN "HMWN GIGNOMENA, TA TE PAQH
KAI TA$ 'AITIA$ 'AU TWN DRWNTWN0, PEIRATEON 'EIPEIN, 'AN2 PHI
<P 65C>
DUNWMEQA. PRWTON 'OUN "OSA TWN CUMWN PE=RI LEGONTE$ 'EN
TOI$ PROSQEN 'APELIPOMEN, 'I=DIA 'ONTA PAQHMATA PERI= THN
GLWTTAN, 'EMFANISTEON "HI DUNATON. FAINETAI DE-KAI TAUTA,
"WSPER 'OUN-KAI TA POLLA, DIA= SUGKRISEWN TE TINWN KAI
DIAKRISEWN GIGNESQAI, PRO$ DE 'AUTAI$ KECRHSQAI MALLON
TI TWN 'ALLWN TRACUTHSI TE-KAI LEIOTHSIN. "OSA MEN-GAR
'EISIONTA PERI= TA FLEBIA, "OIONPER DOKIMIA TH$ GLWTTH$
<P 65D>
TETAMENA 'EPI THN KARDIAN, 'EI$ TA NOTERA TH$ SARKO$ KAI
"APALA 'EMPIPTONTA GHINA MERH KATATHKOMENA SUNAGEI0 TA
FLEBIA KAI 'APOXHRAINEI0, TRACU=TERA MEN 'ONTA STRUFNA,
"HTTON DE TRACUNONTA 'AUSTHRA FAINETAI; TA DE TOUTWN TE
"RUPTIKA KAI PAN TO PERI= THN GLWTTAN 'APOPLUNONTA, PERA
MEN TOU* METRIOU TOUTO DRWNTA KAI PROSEPILAMBANOMENA
"WSTE 'APOTHKEIN 'AUTH$ TH$ FUSEW$, "OION "H TWN LITRWN
<P 65E>
DUNAMI$, PIKRA PANQ' "OUTW$ 'WNOMASTAI, TA DE "UPODEE=STERA
TH$ LITRWDOU$ "EXEW$ 'EPI TO METRION TE THI "RUYEI CRWMENA
"ALUKA 'ANEU PIKROTHTO$ TRACEIA$ KAI FILA MALLON "HMIN
FANTAZETAI. TA DE THI TOU* STOMATO$ QERMOTHTI KOINWNHSANTA
KAI LEAINOMENA "UP' 'AUTOU4, SUNEKPUROUMENA KAI PALIN
'AUTA 'ANTIKAONTA TO DIAQERMHNAN, FEROMENA TE "UPO KOUFOTHTO$
'ANW PRO$ TA$ TH$ KEFALH$ 'AISQHSEI$, TEMNONTA TE


<P 66A>
PANQ' "OPOSOI$ 'AN4 PROSPIPTHI5, DIA= TAUTA$ TA$ DUNAMEI$ DRIMEA
PANTA TA TOIAUTA 'ELECQH. TO DE 'AU TWN PROLELEPTUSMENWN
MEN "UPO SHPEDONO$, 'EI$ DE TA$ STENA$ FLEBA$ 'ENDUOMENWN,
KAI TOI$ 'ENOUSIN 'AUTOQI MERESIN GEWDESIN KAI "OSA 'AERO$
SUMMETRIAN 'ECONTA, "WSTE KINHSANTA PERI= 'ALLHLA POIEIN
KUKASQAI, KUKWMENA DE PERIPIPTEIN TE-KAI 'EI$ "E=TERA 'ENDUOMENA
"E=TERA KOILA 'APERGAZESQAI PERITEINOMENA TOI$ 'EISIOUSIN %
<P 66B>
"A DH NOTIDO$ PERI= 'AERA KOILH$ PERITAQEISH$, TOTE= MEN GEWDOU$,
TOTE= DE-KAI KAQARA$, NOTERA 'AGGEIA 'AERO$, "UDATA KOILA
PERIFERH TE GENESQAI, KAI TA MEN TH$ KAQARA$ DIAFANEI$
PERISTHNAI0 KLHQEISA$ 'ONOMA POMFOLUGA$, TA DE TH$ GEWDOU$
"OMOU KINOUMENH$ TE-KAI 'AIROMENH$ ZESIN TE-KAI ZUMWSIN
'EPIKLHN LECQHNAI % TO DE TOUTWN 'AITION TWN PAQHMATWN
'OXU PROSRHQHNAI. SUMPASIN DE TOI$ PERI= TAUTA 'EIRHMENOI$
<P 66C>
PAQO$ 'ENANTION 'AP' 'ENANTIA$ 'ESTI PROFASEW$; "OPOTAN "H TWN
'EISIONTWN0 SUSTASI$ 'EN "UGROI$, 'OIKEI=A THI TH$ GLWTTH$ "EXEI
PEFUKUIA, LEAINHI5 MEN 'EPALEIFOUSA TA TRACUNQENTA, TA DE
PARA FUSIN SUNESTWTA 'H= KECUMENA TA MEN SUNAGHI5, TA DE
CALA*I2, KAI PANQ' "OTI2 MALISTA "IDRUHI5 KATA FUSIN, "HDU KAI
PROSFILE$ PANTI PAN TO TOIOUTON 'IAMA TWN BIAIWN PAQHMATWN
GIGNOMENON KEKLHTAI GLUKU.
<P 66D>
KAI TA MEN TAUTHI TAUTA; PERI= DE-DH THN TWN MUKTHRWN
DUNAMIN, 'EIDH MEN 'OUK 'ENI. TO GAR TWN 'OSMWN PAN "HMIGENE$,
'EIDEI DE 'OUDENI SUMBEBHKEN0 SUMMETRIA PRO$ TO TINA SCEIN
'OSMHN; 'ALL' "HMWN "AI PERI= TAUTA FLEBE$ PRO$ MEN TA GH$
"UDATO$ TE GENH STENOTERAI SUNESTHSAN, PRO$ DE TA PURO$
'AERO$ TE 'EURUTERAI, DIO TOUTWN 'OUDEI$ 'OUDENO$ 'OSMH$ PWPOTE
'HISQETO TINO$, 'ALLA= 'H= BRECOMENWN 'H= SHPOMENWN 'H= THKOMENWN
'H= QUMIWMENWN GIGNONTAI TINWN. METABALLONTO$ GAR
<P 66E>
"UDATO$ 'EI$ 'AERA 'AERO$ TE 'EI$ "UDWR 'EN TW*I METAXU TOUTWN
GEGONASIN, 'EISIN TE 'OSMAI SUMPASAI KAPNO$ 'H= "OMICLH,
TOUTWN DE TO MEN 'EX 'AERO$ 'EI$ "UDWR 'ION "OMICLH, TO DE 'EX
"UDATO$ 'EI$ 'AERA KAPNO$; "OQEN LEPTOTERAI MEN "UDATO$, PACUTERAI
DE 'OSMAI SUMPASAI GEGONASIN 'AERO$. DHLOUNTAI DE
"OPOTAN TINO$ 'ANTIFRACQENTO$ PERI= THN 'ANAPNOHN 'AGHI5 TI$
BIA\ TO PNEUMA 'EI$ "AUTON; TO=TE GAR 'OSMH MEN 'OUDEMIA SUNDIHQEITAI,
TO DE PNEUMA TWN 'OSMWN 'ERHMWQEN 'AUTO MONON


<P 67A>
"EPETAI. DU' 'OUN TAUTA 'ANWNUMA TA TOUTWN POIKILMATA
GEGONEN0, 'OUK 'EK POLLWN 'OUDE "APLWN 'EIDWN 'ONTA, 'ALLA= DICHI
TO Q' "HDU KAI TO LUPHRON 'AUTOQI MONW DIAFANH LEGESQON0,
TO MEN TRACUNON0 TE-KAI BIAZOMENON TO KUTO$ "APAN, "OSON
"HMWN METAXU KORUFH$ TOU* TE 'OMFALOU KEITAI, TO DE 'TAUTON
TOUTO KATAPRAUNON0 KAI PALIN "HI PEFUKEN0 'AGAPHTW$ 'APODIDON.
TRITON DE 'AISQHTIKON 'EN "HMIN MERO$ 'EPISKOPOUSIN4 TO PERI=
<P 67B>
THN 'AKOHN, DI' "A$ 'AITIA$ TA PERI= 'AUTO SUMBAINEI0 PAQHMATA,
LEKTEON. "OLW$ MEN-'OUN FWNHN QWMEN THN DI' 'WTWN "UP'
'AERO$ 'EGKEFALOU TE-KAI "AIMATO$ MECRI YUCH$ PLHGHN DIADIDOMENHN,
THN DE "UP' 'AUTH$ KINHSIN, 'APO TH$ KEFALH$ MEN
'ARCOMENHN, TELEUTWSAN DE PERI= THN TOU* "HPATO$ "EDRAN, 'AKOHN;
"OSH D' 'AUTH$ TACEIA, 'OXEIAN, "OSH DE BRADUTE=RA, BARUTERAN;
THN DE "OMOIAN "OMALHN TE-KAI LEIAN, THN DE 'ENANTIAN TRACEIAN;
<P 67C>
MEGALHN DE THN POLLHN, "OSH DE 'ENANTIA, SMIKRAN.
TA DE PERI= SUMFWNIA$ 'AUTWN 'EN TOI$ "USTERON LECQHSOMENOI$
'ANAGKH "RHQHNAI.
TETARTON DH LOIPON 'ETI GENO$ "HMIN 'AISQHTIKON, "O= DIELESQAI
DEI SUCNA 'EN "EAUTWI POIKILMATA KEKTHMENON, "A SUMPANTA
MEN CROA$ 'EKALESAMEN, FLOGA TWN SWMATWN "EKASTWN
'APORREOUSAN, 'OYEI SUMMETRA MORIA 'ECOUSAN PRO$ 'AISQHSIN;
'OYEW$ D' 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN 'AUTO PERI= TWN 'AITIWN TH$ GENESEW$
<P 67D>
'ERRHQH. THID' 'OUN TWN CRWMATWN PE=RI MALISTA 'EIKO$
PREPOI T' 'AN4 'EPIEIKEI LOGWI DIEXELQEIN; TA FEROMENA 'APO TWN
'ALLWN MORIA 'EMPIPTONTA TE 'EI$ THN 'OYIN TA MEN 'ELATTW,
TA DE MEIZW, TA D' 'ISA TOI$ 'AUTH$ TH$ 'OYEW$ MERESIN 'EINAI;
TA MEN-'OUN 'ISA 'ANAISQHTA, "A DH-KAI DIAFANH LEGOMEN, TA
DE MEIZW KAI 'ELATTW, TA MEN SUGKRINONTA, TA DE DIAKRINONTA
'AUTHN, TOI$ PERI= THN SARKA QERMOI$ KAI YUCROI$ KAI TOI$
<P 67E>
PERI= THN GLWTTAN STRUFNOI$, KAI "OSA QERMANTIKA 'ONTA DRIMEA
'EKALESAMEN, 'ADELFA 'EINAI, TA TE LEUKA KAI TA MELANA, 'EKEINWN
PAQHMATA GEGONOTA 'EN 'ALLWI GENEI TA 'AUTA, FANTAZOMENA
DE 'A=LLA DIA= TAUTA$ TA$ 'AITIA$. "OUTW$ 'OUN 'AUTA
PROSRHTEON; TO MEN DIAKRITIKON TH$ 'OYEW$ LEUKON, TO D'
'ENANTION 'AUTOU4 MELAN, THN DE 'OXUTERAN FORAN KAI GENOU$
PURO$ "ETEROU PROSPIPTOUSAN KAI DIAKRINOUSAN0 THN 'OYIN
MECRI TWN 'OMMATWN, 'AUTA$ TE TWN 'OFQALMWN TA$ DIEXODOU$


<P 68A>
BIA\ DIWQOUSAN KAI THKOUSAN, PUR MEN "AQROON KAI "UDWR,
"O= DAKRUON KALOUMEN0, 'EKEIQEN 'EKCEOUSAN0, 'AUTHN DE 'OUSAN
PUR 'EX 'ENANTIA$ 'APANTWSAN, KAI TOU* MEN 'EKPHDWNTO$ PURO$
"OION 'AP' 'ASTRAPH$, TOU* D' 'EISIONTO$ KAI PERI= TO NOTERON
KATASBENNUMENOU, PANTODAPWN 'EN THI KUKHSEI TAUTHI GIGNOMENWN
CRWMATWN, MARMARUGA$ MEN TO PAQO$ PROSEIPOMEN,
TO DE TOUTO 'APERGAZOMENON LAMPRON TE-KAI STILBON 'EPWNOMASAMEN.
<P 68B>
TO DE TOUTWN 'AU METAXU PURO$ GENO$, PRO$ MEN
TO TWN 'OMMATWN "UGRON 'AFIKNOUMENON KAI KERANNUMENON 'AUTWI,
STILBON DE 'OU=; THI DE DIA= TH$ NOTIDO$ 'AUGHI TOU* PURO$ MEIGNUMENOU
CRWMA 'ENAIMON PARASCOMENHI, 'TOUNOMA 'ERUQRON
LEGOMEN. LAMPRON TE 'ERUQRWI LEUKWI TE MEIGNUMENON XANQON
GEGONEN0; TO DE "OSON METRON "OSOI$, 'OUD' 'EI TI$ 'EIDEIH, NOUN
'ECEI0 TO LEGEIN, "WN MHTE TINA 'ANAGKHN MHTE TON 'EIKOTA LOGON
KAI METRIW$ 'AN4 TI$ 'EIPEIN 'EIH DUNATO$. 'ERUQRON DE-DH
<P 68C>
MELANI LEUKWI TE KRAQEN "ALOURGON; 'ORFNINON DE, "OTAN TOUTOI$
MEMEIGMENOI$ KAUQEISIN TE MALLON SUGKRAQHI MELAN.
PURRON DE XANQOU TE-KAI FAIOU KRASEI GIGNETAI, FAION DE
LEUKOU TE-KAI MELANO$, TO DE 'WCRON LEUKOU XANQWI MEIGNUMENOU.
LAMPRWI DE LEUKON SUNELQON KAI 'EI$ MELAN KATAKORE$
'EMPESON KUANOUN CRWMA 'APOTELEITAI0, KUANOU DE LEUKWI
KERANNUMENOU GLAUKON, PURROU DE MELANI PRASION. TA DE
<P 68D>
'A=LLA 'APO TOUTWN SCEDON DHLA "AI$ 'AN4 'AFOMOIOUMENA MEIXESIN
DIASWIZOI TON 'EIKOTA MUQON. 'EI DE TI$ TOUTWN 'ERGWI
SKOPOUMENO$ BASANON LAMBANOI, TO TH$ 'ANQRWPINH$ KAI
QEIA$ FUSEW$ 'HGNOHKW$ 'AN4 'EIH DIAFORON, "OTI4 QEO$ MEN TA POLLA
'EI$ "EN SUGKERANNUNAI KAI PALIN 'EX "ENO$ 'EI$ POLLA DIALUEIN
"IKANW$ 'EPISTAMENO$ "AMA KAI DUNATO$, 'ANQRWPWN DE 'OUDEI$
'OUDE=TERA TOUTWN "IKANO$ 'OUTE 'ESTI NU*N 'OUTE 'EI$ 'AUQI$ POTE 'ESTAI.
<P 68E>
TAUTA DH PANTA TO=TE TAUTHI PEFUKOTA 'EX 'ANAGKH$ "O TOU*
KALLISTOU TE-KAI 'ARISTOU DHMIOURGO$ 'EN TOI$ GIGNOMENOI$
PARELAMBANEN, "HNIKA TON 'AUTARKH TE-KAI TON TELEWTATON
QEON 'EGENNA, CRWMENO$ MEN TAI$ PERI= TAUTA 'AITIAI$ "UPHRETOUSAI$,
TO DE 'EU TEKTAINOMENO$ 'EN PASIN TOI$ GIGNOMENOI$
'AUTO$. DIO DH CRH DU' 'AITIA$ 'EIDH DIORIZESQAI, TO MEN
'ANAGKAION, TO DE QEION, KAI TO MEN QEION 'EN "APASIN ZHTEIN


<P 69A>
KTHSEW$ "ENEKA 'EUDAIMONO$ BIOU, KAQ' "OSON "HMWN "H FUSI$
'ENDECETAI, TO DE 'ANAGKAION 'EKEINWN CARIN, LOGIZOMENON
"W$ 'ANEU TOUTWN 'OU DUNATA 'AUTA 'EKEINA 'EF' "OI$ SPOUDAZOMEN
MONA KATANOEIN 'OUD' 'AU LABEIN 'OUD' 'ALLW$ PW$
METASCEIN.
"OT' 'OUN-DH TA NU*N "OI*A TEKTOSIN "HMIN "ULH PARAKEITAI
TA TWN 'AITIWN GENH DIULISMENA, 'EX "WN TON 'EPILOIPON LOGON
DEI SUNUFANQHNAI, PALIN 'EP' 'ARCHN 'EPANELQWMEN DIA= BRACEWN,
TACU TE 'EI$ 'TAUTON POREUQWMEN "OQEN DEURO 'AFIKOMEQA,
<P 69B>
KAI TELEUTHN 'HDH KEFALHN TE TW*I MUQWI PEIRWMEQA2 "ARMOTTOUSAN
'EPIQEINAI0 TOI$ PROSQEN. "WSPER GAR-'OUN-KAI KAT' 'ARCA$
'ELECQH, TAUTA 'ATAKTW$ 'ECONTA "O QEO$ 'EN "EKASTWI TE 'AUTWI
PRO$ "AUTO KAI PRO$ 'ALLHLA SUMMETRIA$ 'ENEPOIHSEN, "OSA$
TE-KAI "OPHI DUNATON 'H*N 'ANALOGA KAI SUMMETRA 'EINAI. TO=TE
GAR-'OUTE TOUTWN, "OSON MH TUCHI TI METEICEN, 'OUTE TO PARAPAN
'ONOMASAI0 TWN NU*N 'ONOMAZOMENWN 'AXIOLOGON 'H*N 'OUDEN, "OION
PUR KAI "UDWR KAI 'EI TI TWN 'ALLWN; 'ALLA= PANTA TAUTA
<P 69C>
PRWTON DIEKOSMHSEN, 'EPEIT' 'EK TOUTWN PAN TODE SUNESTHSATO,
ZWION "EN ZWIA 'ECON TA PANTA 'EN "EAUTWI QNHTA 'AQANATA
TE. KAI TWN MEN QEIWN 'AUTO$ GIGNETAI DHMIOURGO$, TWN DE
QNHTWN THN GENESIN TOI$ "EAUTOU GENNHMASIN DHMIOURGEIN
PROSETAXEN. "OI DE MIMOUMENOI, PARALABONTE$ 'ARCHN YUCH$
'AQANATON, TO META TOUTO QNHTON SWMA 'AUTHI PERIETORNEUSAN
'OCHMA TE PAN TO SWMA 'EDOSAN 'ALLO TE 'EIDO$ 'EN 'AUTWI YUCH$
PROSWIKODOMOUN TO QNHTON, DEINA KAI 'ANAGKAI*A 'EN "EAUTWI
<P 69D>
PAQHMATA 'ECON, PRWTON MEN "HDONHN, MEGISTON KAKOU DELEAR,
'EPEITA LUPA$, 'AGAQWN FUGA$, 'ETI D' 'AU QARRO$ KAI FOBON,
'AFRONE SUMBOULW, QUMON DE DUSPARAMUQHTON, 'ELPIDA D'
'EUPARAGWGON; 'AISQHSEI DE 'ALOGWI KAI 'EPICEIRHTHI PANTO$
'ERWTI SUGKERASAMENOI TAUTA, 'ANAGKAIW$ TO QNHTON GENO$
SUNEQESAN. KAI DIA= TAUTA DH SEBOMENOI MIAINEIN TO QEION,
"OTI2-MH PASA 'H*N 'ANAGKH, CWRI$ 'EKEINOU KATOIKIZOUSIN0 'EI$
<P 69E>
'ALLHN TOU* SWMATO$ 'OIKHSIN TO QNHTON, 'ISQMON KAI "ORON
DIOIKODOMHSANTE$ TH$ TE KEFALH$ KAI TOU* STHQOU$, 'AUCENA
METAXU TIQENTE$, "IN' 'EIH CWRI$. 'EN DH TOI$ STHQESIN KAI
TW*I KALOUMENWI0 QWRAKI TO TH$ YUCH$ QNHTON GENO$ 'ENEDOUN.
KAI 'EPEIDH TO MEN 'AMEINON 'AUTH$, TO DE CEIRON 'EPEFUKEI,
DIOIKODOMOUSI0 TOU* QWRAKO$ 'AU TO KUTO$, DIORIZONTE$ "OION


<P 70A>
GUNAIKWN, THN DE 'ANDRWN CWRI$ 'OIKHSIN, TA$ FRENA$ DIAFRAGMA
'EI$ TO MESON 'AUTWN TIQENTE$. TO METECON 'OUN TH$
YUCH$ 'ANDREIA$ KAI QUMOU, FILONIKON 'ON, KATWIKISAN 'EGGUTERW
TH$ KEFALH$ METAXU TWN FRENWN TE-KAI 'AUCENO$, "INA TOU*
LOGOU KATHKOON 'ON KOINHI MET' 'EKEINOU BIA\ TO TWN 'EPIQUMIWN
KATECOI GENO$, "OPOT' 'EK TH$ 'AKROPOLEW$ TW*I T' 'EPITAGMATI
KAI LOGWI MHDAMHI PEIQESQAI "EKON 'EQELOI; THN DE-DH KARDIAN
<P 70B>
"AMMA TWN FLEBWN KAI PHGHN TOU* PERIFEROMENOU KATA PANTA
TA MELH SFODRW$ "AIMATO$ 'EI$ THN DORUFORIKHN 'OIKHSIN
KATESTHSAN, "INA, "OTE ZESEIEN TO TOU* QUMOU MENO$, TOU* LOGOU
PARAGGEILANTO$ "W$ TI$ 'ADIKO$ PERI= 'AUTA GIGNETAI PRAXI$
'EXWQEN 'H=-KAI TI$ 'APO TWN 'ENDOQEN 'EPIQUMIWN, 'OXEW$ DIA=
PANTWN TWN STENWPWN PAN "OSON 'AISQHTIKON 'EN TW*I SWMATI,
TWN TE PARAKELEUSEWN KAI 'APEILWN 'AISQANOMENON, GIGNOITO
'EPHKOON KAI "EPOITO PANTHI, KAI TO BELTISTON "OUTW$ 'EN 'AUTOI$
<P 70C>
PASIN "HGEMONEIN 'EWI. THI DE-DH PHDHSEI TH$ KARDIA$ 'EN THI
TWN DEINWN PROSDOKIA\ KAI THI TOU* QUMOU 'EGERSEI, PROGIGNWSKONTE$
"OTI4 DIA= PURO$ "H TOIAUTH PASA 'EMELLEN 'OIDHSI$
GIGNESQAI TWN QUMOUMENWN, 'EPIKOURIAN 'AUTHI MHCANWMENOI
THN TOU* PLEUMONO$ 'IDEAN 'ENEFUTEUSAN, PRWTON MEN MALAKHN
KAI 'ANAIMON, 'EITA SHRAGGA$ 'ENTO$ 'ECOUSAN "OION SPOGGOU
KATATETRHMENA$, "INA TO TE PNEUMA KAI TO PWMA DECOMENH,
<P 70D>
YUCOUSA, 'ANAPNOHN KAI "RA\STWNHN 'EN TW*I KAUMATI PARECOI;
DIO DH TH$ 'ARTHRIA$ 'OCETOU$ 'EPI TON PLEUMONA 'ETEMON, KAI
PERI= THN KARDIAN 'AUTON PERIESTHSAN "OION MALAGMA, "IN' "O
QUMO$ "HNIKA 'EN 'AUTHI 'AKMAZOI, PHDWSA 'EI$ "UPEIKON0 KAI 'ANAYUCOMENH,
PONOUSA "HTTON, MALLON TW*I LOGWI META QUMOU
DUNAITO "UPHRETEIN.
TO DE-DH SITWN TE-KAI POTWN 'EPIQUMHTIKON TH$ YUCH$
KAI "OSWN 'ENDEIAN DIA= THN TOU* SWMATO$ 'ISCEI0 FUSIN, TOUTO
<P 70E>
'EI$ TO METAXU TWN TE FRENWN KAI TOU* PRO$ TON 'OMFALON
"OROU KATWIKISAN, "OION FATNHN 'EN "APANTI TOUTWI TW*I TOPWI THI
TOU* SWMATO$ TROFHI TEKTHNAMENOI; KAI KATEDHSAN DH TO
TOIOUTON 'ENTAUQA "W$ QREMMA 'AGRION, TREFEIN DE SUNHMMENON
'ANAGKAION, 'EIPER TI MELLOI POTE QNHTON 'ESESQAI GENO$. "IN'
'OUN 'AEI NEMOMENON PRO$ FATNHI KAI "OTI2 PORRWTATW TOU* BOULEUOMENOU
KATOIKOUN, QORUBON KAI BOHN "W$ 'ELACISTHN PARECON,


<P 71A>
TO KRATISTON KAQ' "HSUCIAN PERI= TOU* PASI KOINHI KAI 'IDIA\ SUMFERONTO$
'EWI BOULEUESQAI, DIA= TAUTA 'ENTAUQ' 'EDOSAN 'AUTWI THN
TAXIN. 'EIDOTE$ DE 'AUTO "W$ LOGOU MEN-'OUTE SUNHSEIN 'EMELLEN,
'EI TE PHI KAI METALAMBANOI TINO$ 'AUTWN 'AISQHSEW$, 'OUK 'EMFUTON
'AUTWI TO MELEIN TINWN 'ESOITO LOGWN, "UPO DE 'EIDWLWN
KAI FANTASMATWN NUKTO$ TE-KAI MEQ' "HMERAN MALISTA YUCAGWGHSOITO,
TOUTWI DH QEO$ 'EPIBOULEUSA$ 'AUTWI THN "HPATO$
<P 71B>
'IDEAN SUNESTHSE KAI 'EQHKEN 'EI$ THN 'EKEINOU KATOIKHSIN,
PUKNON KAI LEION KAI LAMPRON KAI GLUKU KAI PIKROTHTA 'ECON
MHCANHSAMENO$, "INA 'EN 'AUTWI TWN DIANOHMATWN "H 'EK TOU* NOU
FEROMENH DUNAMI$, "OION 'EN KATOPTRWI DECOMENWI TUPOU$ KAI
KATIDEIN 'EIDWLA PARECONTI, FOBOI MEN 'AUTO, "OPOTE MEREI
TH$ PIKROTHTO$ CRWMENH SUGGENEI, CALEPH PROSENECQEISA
'APEILHI, KATA PAN "UPOMEIGNUSA 'OXEW$ TO "HPAR, COLWDH CRWMATA
'EMFAINOI, SUNAGOUSA TE PAN "RUSON KAI TRACU POIOI*,
<P 71C>
LOBON DE-KAI DOCA$ PULA$ TE TO MEN 'EX 'ORQOU KATAKAMPTOUSA
KAI SUSPWSA, TA DE 'EMFRATTOUSA SUGKLEIOUSA TE,
LUPA$ KAI 'ASA$ PARECOI, KAI "OT' 'AU 'TANANTIA FANTASMATA
'APOZWGRAFOI PRA\OTHTO$ TI$ 'EK DIANOIA$ 'EPIPNOIA, TH$ MEN
PIKROTHTO$ "HSUCIAN PARECOUSA TW*I MHTE KINEIN MHTE PROSAPTESQAI
TH$ 'ENANTIA$ "EAUTHI FUSEW$ 'EQELEIN, GLUKUTHTI
DE THI KAT' 'EKEINO SUMFUTWI PRO$ 'AUTO CRWMENH KAI PANTA
<P 71D>
'ORQA KAI LEI*A 'AUTOU4 KAI 'ELEU=QERA 'APEUQUNOUSA0, "ILEWN TE-KAI
'EUHMERON POIOI* THN PERI= TO "HPAR YUCH$ MOIRAN KATWIKISMENHN,
'EN TE THI NUKTI DIAGWGHN 'ECOUSAN METRIAN, MANTEIA\ CRWMENHN
KAQ' "UPNON, 'EPEIDH LOGOU KAI FRONHSEW$ 'OU METEICE.
MEMNHMENOI GAR TH$ TOU* PATRO$ 'EPISTOLH$ "OI SUSTHSANTE$
"HMA$ "OTE TO QNHTON 'EPESTELLEN GENO$ "W$ 'ARISTON
'EI$ DUNAMIN POIEIN, "OUTW DH KATORQOUNTE$ KAI TO FAULON
<P 71E>
"HMWN, "INA 'ALHQEIA$ PHI PROSAPTOITO, KATESTHSAN 'EN TOUTWI
TO MANTEION. "IKANON DE SHMEION "W$ MANTIKHN 'AFROSUNHI
QEO$ 'ANQRWPINHI DEDWKEN0; 'OUDEI$ GAR 'ENNOU$ 'EFAPTETAI
MANTIKH$ 'ENQEOU KAI 'ALHQOU$, 'ALL'-'H= KAQ' "UPNON THN TH$
FRONHSEW$ PEDHQEI$ DUNAMIN 'H= DIA= NOSON, 'H= DIA= TINA 'ENQOUSIASMON
PARALLAXA$. 'ALLA= SUNNOHSAI0 MEN 'EMFRONO$ TA
TE "RHQENTA 'ANAMNHSQENTA 'ONAR 'H= "UPAR "UPO TH$ MANTIKH$
TE-KAI 'ENQOUSIASTIKH$ FUSEW$, KAI "OSA 'AN4 FANTASMATA


<P 72A>
'OFQHI, PANTA LOGISMWI DIELESQAI "OPHI TI SHMAINEI0 KAI "OTWI
MELLONTO$ 'H= PARELQONTO$ 'H= PARONTO$ KAKOU 'H= 'AGAQOU; TOU*
DE MANENTO$ 'ETI TE 'EN TOUTWI MENONTO$ 'OUK 'ERGON TA FANENTA
KAI FWNHQENTA "UF' "EAUTOU KRINEIN0, 'ALL' 'EU KAI PALAI LEGETAI
TO PRATTEIN KAI GNWNAI0 TA TE "AUTOU KAI "EAUTON SWFRONI
MONWI PROSHKEIN. "OQEN DH-KAI TO TWN PROFHTWN GENO$ 'EPI
<P 72B>
TAI$ 'ENQEOI$ MANTEIAI$ KRITA$ 'EPIKAQISTANAI NOMO$; "OU$
MANTEI$ 'AUTOU$ 'ONOMAZOUSIN0 TINE$, TO PAN 'HGNOHKOTE$ "OTI4
TH$ DI' 'AINIGMWN "OUTOI FHMH$ KAI FANTASEW$ "UPOKRITAI,
KAI 'OUTI MANTEI$, PROFHTAI DE MANTEUOMENWN DIKAIOTATA
'ONOMAZOINT' 'AN4.
"H MEN-'OUN FUSI$ "HPATO$ DIA= TAUTA TOIAUTH TE-KAI 'EN
TOPWI "WI LEGOMEN PEFUKE0, CARIN MANTIKH$; KAI 'ETI MEN-DH
ZWNTO$ "EKASTOU TO TOIOUTON SHMEIA 'ENARGE=STERA 'ECEI0, STERHQEN
DE TOU* ZHN GEGONE0 TUFLON KAI TA MANTEIA 'AMUDRO=TERA
<P 72C>
'ESCEN TOU* TI SAFE$ SHMAINEIN. "H D' 'AU TOU* GEITONO$ 'AUTWI
SUSTASI$ KAI "EDRA SPLAGCNOU GEGONEN0 'EX 'ARISTERA$ CARIN
'EKEINOU, TOU* PARECEIN 'AUTO LAMPRON 'AEI KAI KAQARON, "OION
KATOPTRWI PARESKEUASMENON KAI "ETOIMON 'AEI PARAKEIMENON
'EKMAGEION. DIO DH-KAI "OTAN TINE$ 'AKAQARSIAI GIGNWNTAI DIA=
NOSOU$ SWMATO$ PERI= TO "HPAR, PANTA "H SPLHNO$ KAQAIROUSA
'AUTA DECETAI MANOTH$, "ATE KOILOU KAI 'ANAIMOU "UFANQENTO$;
<P 72D>
"OQEN PLHROUMENO$ TWN 'APOKAQAIROMENWN MEGA$ KAI "UPOULO$
'AUXANETAI, KAI PALIN, "OTAN KAQARQHI TO SWMA, TAPEINOUMENO$
'EI$ 'TAUTON SUNIZEI0.
TA MEN-'OUN PERI= YUCH$, "OSON QNHTON 'ECEI0 KAI "OSON QEION,
KAI "OPHI KAI MEQ' "WN KAI DI' "A CWRI$ 'WIKISQH, TO MEN 'ALHQE$
"W$ 'EIRHTAI QEOU SUMFHSANTO$ TO=T' 'AN4 "OUTW$ MONW$ DIISCURIZOIMEQA;
TO GE-MHN 'EIKO$ "HMIN 'EIRHSQAI, KAI NU*N KAI 'ETI
MALLON 'ANASKOPOUSI4 DIAKINDUNEUTEON TO FANAI KAI PEFASQW.
<P 72E>
TO D' "EXH$ DH TOUTOISIN KATA 'TAUTA METADIWKTEON; 'H*N DE
TO TOU* SWMATO$ 'EPILOIPON "HI GEGONEN0. 'EK DH LOGISMOU
TOIOUDE SUNISTASQAI MALIST' 'AN4 'AUTO PANTWN PREPOI. THN
'ESOMENHN 'EN "HMIN POTWN KAI 'EDESTWN 'AKOLASIAN 'HIDESAN "OI
SUNTIQENTE$ "HMWN TO GENO$, KAI "OTI4 TOU* METRIOU KAI 'ANAGKAIOU
DIA= MARGOTHTA POLLWI CRHSOIMEQA PLEONI; "IN' 'OUN MH
FQORA DIA= NOSOU$ 'OXEIA GIGNOITO KAI 'ATELE$ TO GENO$ 'EUQU$


<P 73A>
TO QNHTON TELEUTWI, TAUTA PROORWMENOI THI TOU* PERIGENHSOMENOU
PWMATO$ 'EDESMATO$ TE "EXEI THN 'ONOMAZOMENHN KATW
KOILIAN "UPODOCHN 'EQESAN, "EILIXAN TE PERIX THN TWN 'ENTERWN
GENESIN, "OPW$ MH TACU DIEKPERWSA "H TROFH TACU PALIN
TROFH$ "ETERA$ DEISQAI TO SWMA 'ANAGKAZOI, KAI PARECOUSA
'APLHSTIAN, DIA= GASTRIMARGIAN 'AFILOSOFON KAI 'AMOUSON
PAN 'APOTELOI0 TO GENO$, 'ANUPHKOON TOU* QEIOTATOU TWN PAR'
"HMIN.
<P 73B>
TO DE 'OSTWN KAI SARKWN KAI TH$ TOIAUTH$ FUSEW$ PE=RI
PASH$ "WDE 'ESCEN. TOUTOI$ SUMPASIN 'ARCH MEN "H TOU* MUELOU
GENESI$; "OI GAR TOU* BIOU DESMOI, TH$ YUCH$ TW*I SWMATI
SUNDOUMENH$, 'EN TOUTWI DIADOUMENOI KATERRIZOUN TO QNHTON
GENO$; 'AUTO$ DE "O MUELO$ GEGONEN0 'EX 'ALLWN. TWN GAR
TRIGWNWN "OSA PRWTA 'ASTRABH KAI LEI*A 'ONTA PUR TE-KAI
"UDWR KAI 'AERA KAI GHN DI' 'AKRIBEIA$ MALISTA 'H*N PARASCEIN
DUNATA, TAUTA "O QEO$ 'APO TWN "EAUTWN "EKASTA GENWN CWRI$
<P 73C>
'APOKRINWN0, MEIGNU$ DE 'ALLHLOI$ SUMMETRA, PANSPERMIAN
PANTI QNHTWI GENEI MHCANWMENO$, TON MUELON 'EX 'AUTWN
'APHRGASATO, KAI META TAUTA DH FUTEUWN 'EN 'AUTWI KATEDEI
TA TWN YUCWN GENH, SCHMATWN TE "OSA 'EMELLEN 'AU SCHSEIN
"OI*A TE KAQ' "EKASTA 'EIDH, TON MUELON 'AUTON TOSAUTA KAI TOIAUTA
DIHIREITO SCHMATA 'EUQU$ 'EN THI DIANOMHI THI KAT' 'ARCA$. KAI
THN MEN TO QEION SPERMA "OION 'AROURAN MELLOUSAN "EXEIN 'EN
"AUTHI PERIFERH PANTACHI PLASA$ 'EPWNOMASEN TOU* MUELOU
<P 73D>
TAUTHN THN MOIRAN 'EGKEFALON, "W$ 'APOTELESQENTO$ "EKASTOU
ZWIOU TO PERI= TOUT' 'AGGEION KEFALHN GENHSOMENON; "O= D' 'AU
TO LOIPON KAI QNHTON TH$ YUCH$ 'EMELLE KAQEXEIN, "AMA
STROGGULA KAI PROMHKH DIHIREITO SCHMATA, MUELON DE PANTA
'EPEFHMISEN, KAI KAQAPER 'EX 'AGKURWN BALLOMENO$ 'EK TOUTWN
PASH$ YUCH$ DESMOU$ PERI= TOUTO SUMPAN 'HDH TO SWMA "HMWN
'APHRGAZETO, STEGASMA MEN 'AUTWI PRWTON SUMPHGNU$ PERI=
<P 73E>
"OLON 'OSTEINON. TO DE 'OSTOUN SUNISTHSIN "WDE. GHN DIATTHSA$
KAQARAN KAI LEIAN 'EFURASE KAI 'EDEUSEN MUELWI, KAI META
TOUTO 'EI$ PUR 'AUTO 'ENTIQHSIN, MET' 'EKEINO DE 'EI$ "UDWR BAPTEI0,
PALIN DE 'EI$ PUR, 'AUQI$ TE 'EI$ "UDWR; METAFERWN D' "OUTW
POLLAKI$ 'EI$ "EKATERON "UP' 'AMFOIN 'ATHKTON 'APHRGASATO.
KATACRWMENO$ DH TOUTWI PERI= MEN TON 'EGKEFALON 'AUTOU4
SFAIRAN PERIETORNEUSEN 'OSTEINHN, TAUTHI DE STENHN DIEXODON


<P 74A>
KATELEIPETO; KAI PERI= TON DIAUCENION "AMA KAI NWTIAION
MUELON 'EX 'AUTOU4 SFONDULOU$ PLASA$ "UPETEINEN "OION STROFIGGA$,
'ARXAMENO$ 'APO TH$ KEFALH$, DIA= PANTO$ TOU* KUTOU$.
KAI TO PAN DH SPERMA DIASWIZWN "OUTW$ LIQOEIDEI PERIBOLWI
SUNEFRAXEN, 'EMPOIWN 'ARQRA, THI QATEROU PROSCRWMENO$ 'EN
'AUTOI$ "W$ MESHI 'ENISTAMENHI DUNAMEI, KINHSEW$ KAI KAMYEW$
"ENEKA. THN D' 'AU TH$ 'OSTEINH$ FUSEW$ "EXIN "HGHSAMENO$
<P 74B>
TOU* DEONTO$ KRAUROTERAN 'EINAI KAI 'AKAMPTOTERAN, DIAPURON
T' 'AU GIGNOMENHN KAI PALIN YUCOMENHN SFAKELISASAN TACU
DIAFQEREIN TO SPERMA 'ENTO$ "AUTH$, DIA= TAUTA "OUTW TO TWN
NEURWN KAI TO TH$ SARKO$ GENO$ 'EMHCANATO, "INA TW*I MEN
PANTA TA MELH SUNDHSA$ 'EPITEINOMENWI KAI 'ANIEMENWI PERI=
TOU$ STROFIGGA$ KAMPTOMENON TO SWMA KAI 'EKTEINOMENON
PARECOI, THN DE SARKA PROBOLHN MEN KAUMATWN, PROBLHMA
DE CEIMWNWN, 'ETI DE PTWMATWN "OION TA PILHTA 'ESESQAI KTHMATA,
<P 74C>
SWMASIN MALAKW$ KAI PRA\W$ "UPEIKOUSAN, QERMHN DE
NOTIDA 'ENTO$ "EAUTH$ 'ECOUSAN QEROU$ MEN 'ANIDIOUSAN KAI NOTIZOMENHN
'EXWQEN YUCO$ KATA PAN TO SWMA PAREXEIN 'OIKEION,
DIA= CEIMWNO$ DE PALIN 'AU TOUTWI TW*I PURI TON PROSFEROMENON
'EXWQEN KAI PERIISTAMENON PAGON 'AMUNEISQAI METRIW$. TAUTA
"HMWN DIANOHQEI$ "O KHROPLASTH$, "UDATI MEN-KAI PURI KAI GHI
SUMMEIXA$ KAI SUNARMOSA$, 'EX 'OXEO$ KAI "ALMUROU SUNQEI$
<P 74D>
ZUMWMA "UPOMEIXA$ 'AUTOI$, SARKA 'EGCUMON KAI MALAKHN SUNESTHSEN;
THN DE TWN NEURWN FUSIN 'EX 'OSTOU KAI SARKO$
'AZUMOU KRASEW$ MIAN 'EX 'AMFOIN MESHN DUNAMEI SUNEKERASATO,
XANQWI CRWMATI PROSCRWMENO$. "OQEN SUNTONWTERAN MEN-KAI
GLISCROTERAN SARKWN, MALAKWTERAN DE 'OSTWN "UGROTERAN TE
'EKTHSATO DUNAMIN NEURA; "OI$ SUMPERILABWN "O QEO$ 'OSTA KAI
MUELON, DHSA$ PRO$ 'ALLHLA NEUROI$, META TAUTA SARXIN
<P 74E>
PANTA 'AUTA KATESKIASEN 'ANWQEN. "OSA MEN-'OUN 'EMYUCOTATA
TWN 'OSTWN 'H*N, 'OLIGISTAI$ SUNEFRATTE SARXIN, "A D' 'AYUCOTATA
'ENTO$, PLEISTAI$ KAI PUKNOTATAI$, KAI-DH KATA TA$ SUMBOLA$
TWN 'OSTWN, "OPHI MHTINA 'ANAGKHN "O LOGO$ 'APEFAINEN DEIN 'AUTA$
'EINAI, BRACEIAN SARKA 'EFUSEN, "INA MHTE 'EMPODWN TAI$
KAMPAISIN 'OUSAI DUSFORA TA SWMATA 'APERGAZOINTO, "ATE
DUSKINHTA GIGNOMENA, MHT' 'AU POLLAI KAI PUKNAI SFO=DRA TE
'EN 'ALLHLAI$ 'EMPEPILHMENAI, DIA= STEREOTHTA 'ANAISQHSIAN
'EMPOIOUSAI, DUSMNHMONEUTO=TERA KAI KWFO=TERA TA PERI= THN
DIANOIAN POIOIEN. DIO DH TO TE TWN MHRWN KAI KNHMWN KAI


<P 75A>
TO PERI= THN TWN 'ISCIWN FUSIN TA TE PERI= TA TWN BRACIONWN
'OSTA KAI TA TWN PHCEWN, KAI "OSA 'A=LLA "HMWN 'ANARQRA, "OSA
TE 'ENTO$ 'OSTA DI' 'OLIGOTHTA YUCH$ 'EN MUELWI KENA 'ESTIN
FRONHSEW$, TAUTA PANTA SUMPEPLHRWTAI SARXIN; "OSA DE
'EMFRONA, "HTTON % 'EI MH POU TINA 'AUTHN KAQ' "AUTHN 'AISQHSEWN
"ENEKA SARKA "OUTW SUNESTHSEN, "OION TO TH$ GLWTTH$ 'EIDO$ %
TA DE PLEISTA 'EKEINW$; "H GAR 'EX 'ANAGKH$ GIGNOMENH KAI
<P 75B>
SUNTREFOMENH FUSI$ 'OUDAMHI PROSDECETAI PUKNON 'OSTOUN KAI
SARKA POLLHN "AMA TE 'AUTOI$ 'OXUHKOON 'AISQHSIN. MALISTA
GAR 'AN4 'AUTA PANTWN 'ESCEN "H PERI= THN KEFALHN SUSTASI$,
'EIPER "AMA SUMPIPTEIN 'HQELHSATHN, KAI TO TWN 'ANQRWPWN
GENO$ SARKWDH 'ECON 'EF' "EAUTWI KAI NEURWDH KRATERAN TE KEFALHN
BION 'AN4 DIPLOUN KAI POLLAPLOUN KAI "UGIEINOTERON KAI
'ALUPOTERON TOU* NU*N KATEKTHSATO. NU*N DE TOI$ PERI= THN "HMETERAN
GENESIN DHMIOURGOI$, 'ANALOGIZOMENOI$ POTERON POLUCRONIWTERON
<P 75C>
CEIRON 'H= BRACUCRONIWTERON BELTION 'APERGASAINTO
GENO$, SUNEDOXEN TOU* PLEIONO$ BIOU, FAULOTEROU DE, TON
'ELATTONA 'AMEINONA 'ONTA PANTI PANTW$ "AIRETEON; "OQEN DH MANWI
MEN 'OSTWI, SARXIN DE-KAI NEUROI$ KEFALHN, "ATE 'OUDE
KAMPA$ 'ECOUSAN, 'OU SUNESTEGASAN. KATA PANTA 'OUN TAUTA
'EUAISQHTOTE=RA MEN-KAI FRONIMWTE=RA, POLU DE 'ASQENESTE=RA
PANTO$ 'ANDRO$ PROSETEQH KEFALH SWMATI. TA DE NEURA DIA=
<P 75D>
TAUTA KAI "OUTW$ "O QEO$ 'EP' 'ESCATHN THN KEFALHN PERISTHSA$
KUKLWI PERI= TON TRACHLON 'EKOLLHSEN "OMOIOTHTI,
KAI TA$ SIAGONA$ 'AKRA$ 'AUTOI$ SUNEDHSEN "UPO THN FUSIN
TOU* PROSWPOU; TA D' 'A=LLA 'EI$ "APANTA TA MELH DIESPEIRE,
SUNAPTWN 'ARQRON 'ARQRWI. THN DE-DH TOU* STOMATO$ "HMWN
DUNAMIN 'ODOUSIN KAI GLWTTHI KAI CEILESIN "ENEKA TWN 'ANAGKAIWN
KAI TWN 'ARISTWN DIEKOSMHSAN "OI DIAKOSMOUNTE$ "HI NU*N
<P 75E>
DIATETAKTAI, THN MEN 'EISODON TWN 'ANAGKAIWN MHCANWMENOI
CARIN, THN D' 'EXODON TWN 'ARISTWN; 'ANAGKAION MEN-GAR PAN
"OSON 'EISERCETAI TROFHN DIDON TW*I SWMATI, TO DE LOGWN NAMA
'EXW "REON KAI "UPHRETOUN FRONHSEI KALLISTON KAI 'ARISTON
PANTWN NAMATWN. THN D' 'AU KEFALHN 'OUTE MONON 'OSTEINHN
YILHN DUNATON 'EA*N 'H*N DIA= THN 'EN TAI$ "WRAI$ 'EF' "EKATERON
"UPERBOLHN, 'OUT' 'AU SUSKIASQEISAN KWFHN KAI 'ANAISQHTON
DIA= TON TWN SARKWN 'OCLON PERIIDEIN GIGNOMENHN; TH$ DH


<P 76A>
SARKOEIDOU$ FUSEW$ 'OU KATAXHRAINOMENH$ LEMMA MEIZON
PERIGIGNOMENON 'ECWRIZETO, DERMA TO NU*N LEGOMENON. TOUTO
DE DIA= THN PERI= TON 'EGKEFALON NOTIDA SUNION 'AUTO PRO$
"AUTO KAI BLASTANON KUKLWI PERIHMFIENNUEN THN KEFALHN; "H
DE NOTI$ "UPO TA$ "RAFA$ 'ANIOUSA 'HRDE KAI SUNEKLEISEN 'AUTO
'EPI THN KORUFHN, "OION "AMMA SUNAGAGOUSA, TO DE TWN "RAFWN
PANTODAPON 'EIDO$ GEGONE0 DIA= THN TWN PERIODWN DUNAMIN KAI
TH$ TROFH$, MALLON MEN 'ALLHLOI$ MACOMENWN TOUTWN PLEIOU$,
<P 76B>
"HTTON DE 'ELATTOU$. TOUTO DH PAN TO DERMA KUKLWI KATEKENTEI
PURI TO QEION, TRHQENTO$ DE-KAI TH$ 'IKMADO$ 'EXW DI' 'AUTOU4
FEROMENH$ TO MEN "UGRON KAI QERMON "OSON 'EILIKRINE$ 'APHIEIN,
TO DE MEIKTON 'EX "WN KAI TO DERMA 'H*N, 'AIROMENON MEN "UPO
TH$ FORA$ 'EXW MAKRON 'ETEINETO, LEPTOTHTA 'ISHN 'ECON TW*I
KATAKENTHMATI, DIA= DE BRADUTHTA 'APWQOUMENON "UPO TOU*
PERIESTWTO$ 'EXWQEN PNEUMATO$ PALIN 'ENTO$ "UPO TO DERMA
<P 76C>
"EILLOMENON KATERRIZOUTO; KAI KATA TAUTA DH TA PAQH TO
TRICWN GENO$ 'EN TW*I DERMATI PEFUKEN0, SUGGENE$ MEN "IMANTWDE$
'ON 'AUTOU4, SKLHROTERON DE-KAI PUKNOTERON THI PILHSEI TH$
YUXEW$, "HN 'APOCWRIZOMENH DERMATO$ "EKASTH QRIX YUCQEISA
SUNEPILHQH. TOUTWI DH LASIAN "HMWN 'APHRGASATO THN
KEFALHN "O POIW*N, CRWMENO$ MEN 'AITIOI$ TOI$ 'EIRHMENOI$,
DIANOOUMENO$ DE 'ANTI SARKO$ 'AUTO DEIN 'EINAI STEGASMA TH$
<P 76D>
PERI= TON 'EGKEFALON "ENEKA 'ASFALEIA$ KOUFON KAI QEROU$
CEIMWNO$ TE "IKANON SKIAN KAI SKEPHN PARECEIN, 'EUAISQHSIA$
DE 'OUDEN DIAKWLUMA 'EMPODWN GENHSOMENON. TO D' 'EN THI PERI=
TOU$ DAKTULOU$ KATAPLOKHI TOU* NEUROU KAI TOU* DERMATO$ 'OSTOU
TE, SUMMEICQEN 'EK TRIWN, 'APOXHRANQEN "EN KOINON SUMPANTWN
SKLHRON GEGONEN0 DERMA, TOI$ MEN SUNAITIOI$ TOUTOI$ DHMIOURGHQEN,
THI DE 'AITIWTATHI DIANOIA\ TWN 'EPEITA 'ESOMENWN "ENEKA
'EIRGASMENON. "W$ GAR POTE 'EX 'ANDRWN GUNAIKE$ KAI 'TALLA
<P 76E>
QHRIA GENHSOINTO, 'HPISTANTO "OI SUNISTANTE$ "HMA$, KAI-DH-KAI
TH$ TWN 'ONUCWN CREIA$ "OTI4 POLLA TWN QREMMATWN KAI
'EPI POLLA DEHSOITO 'HIDESAN, "OQEN 'EN 'ANQRWPOI$ 'EUQU$ GIGNOMENOI$
"UPETUPWSANTO THN TWN 'ONUCWN GENESIN. TOUTWI DH TW*I
LOGWI KAI TAI$ PROFASESIN TAUTAI$ DERMA TRICA$ 'ONUCA$ TE
'EP' 'AKROI$ TOI$ KWLOI$ 'EFUSAN.
'EPEIDH DE PANT' 'H*N TA TOU* QNHTOU ZWIOU SUMPEFUKOTA


<P 77A>
MERH KAI MELH, THN DE ZWHN 'EN PURI KAI PNEUMATI SUNEBAINEN
'EX 'ANAGKH$ 'ECEIN 'AUTWI, KAI DIA= TAUTA "UPO TOUTWN THKOMENON
KENOUMENON T' 'EFQINEN, BOHQEIAN 'AUTWI QEOI MHCANWNTAI0. TH$
GAR 'ANQRWPINH$ SUGGENH FUSEW$ FUSIN 'ALLAI$ 'IDEAI$ KAI
'AISQHSESIN KERANNUNTE$, "WSQ' "ETERON ZWION 'EINAI, FUTEUOUSIN0;
"A DH NU*N "H=MERA DENDRA KAI FUTA KAI SPERMATA PAIDEUQENTA
"UPO GEWRGIA$ TIQASW$ PRO$ "HMA$ 'ESCEN, PRIN DE 'H*N MONA TA
<P 77B>
TWN 'AGRIWN GENH, PRESBU=TERA TWN "HMERWN 'ONTA. PAN GAR-'OUN
"OTIPER2 'AN4 METASCHI6 TOU* ZHN, ZWION MEN 'AN4 'EN DIKHI LEGOITO
'ORQOTATA; METECEI0 GE-MHN TOUTO "O= NU*N LEGOMEN TOU* TRITOU
YUCH$ 'EIDOU$, "O= METAXU FRENWN 'OMFALOU TE "IDRUSQAI LOGO$,
"WI DOXH$ MEN LOGISMOU TE-KAI NOU METESTIN TO MHDEN, 'AISQHSEW$
DE "HDEIA$ KAI 'ALGEINH$ META 'EPIQUMIWN. PASCON GAR
DIATELEI0 PANTA, STRAFENTI D' 'AUTWI 'EN "EAUTWI PERI= "EAUTO, THN
<P 77C>
MEN 'EXWQEN 'APWSAMENWI KINHSIN, THI D' 'OIKEIA\ CRHSAMENWI,
TWN "AUTOU TI LOGISASQAI KATIDONTI FUSEI 'OU PARADEDWKEN0 "H
GENESI$. DIO DH ZHI0 MEN 'ESTIN TE 'OUC "ETERON ZWIOU, MONIMON
DE-KAI KATERRIZWMENON PEPHGEN0 DIA= TO TH$ "UF' "EAUTOU
KINHSEW$ 'ESTERHSQAI.
TAUTA DH TA GENH PANTA FUTEUSANTE$ "OI KREITTOU$ TOI$
"HTTOSIN "HMIN TROFHN, TO SWMA 'AUTO "HMWN DIWCETEUSAN
TEMNONTE$ "OION 'EN KHPOI$ 'OCETOU$, "INA "WSPER 'EK NAMATO$
'EPIONTO$ 'ARDOITO. KAI PRWTON MEN 'OCETOU$ KRUFAIOU$ "UPO
<P 77D>
THN SUMFUSIN TOU* DERMATO$ KAI TH$ SARKO$ DUO FLEBA$
'ETEMON NWTIAIA$, DIDUMON "W$ TO SWMA 'ETUGCANEN DEXIOI$ TE-KAI
'ARISTEROI$ 'ON; TAUTA$ DE KAQHKAN PARA THN "RACIN, KAI TON
GONIMON METAXU LABONTE$ MUELON, "INA "OUTO$ TE "OTI2 MALISTA
QALLOI, KAI 'EPI 'TALLA 'EUROU$ 'ENTEUQEN "ATE 'EPI KATANTE$ "H
'EPICUSI$ GIGNOMENH PARECOI THN "UDREIAN "OMALHN. META DE
TAUTA SCISANTE$ PERI= THN KEFALHN TA$ FLEBA$ KAI DI'
<P 77E>
'ALLHLWN 'ENANTIA$ PLEXANTE$ DIEISAN, TA$ MEN 'EK TWN DEXIWN
'EPI 'TARISTERA TOU* SWMATO$, TA$ D' 'EK TWN 'ARISTERWN 'EPI TA
DEXIA KLINANTE$, "OPW$ DESMO$ "AMA THI KEFALHI PRO$ TO SWMA
'EIH META TOU* DERMATO$, 'EPEIDH NEUROI$ 'OUK 'H*N KUKLWI KATA
KORUFHN PERIEILHMMENH, KAI-DH-KAI TO TWN 'AISQHSEWN PAQO$
"IN' 'AF' "EKATERWN TWN MERWN 'EI$ "APAN TO SWMA 'EIH DIADHLON.
TO D' 'ENTEUQEN 'HDH THN "UDRAGWGIAN PARESKEUASAN TROPWI TINI


<P 78A>
TOIWIDE, "ON KATOYOMEQA "RA*ION PRODIOMOLOGHSAMENOI TO TOIONDE,
"OTI4 PANTA "OSA 'EX 'ELATTONWN SUNISTATAI STEGEI0 TA MEIZW,
TA DE 'EK MEIZONWN TA SMIKRO=TERA 'OU DUNATAI, PUR DE PANTWN
GENWN SMIKROMERESTATON, "OQEN DI' "UDATO$ KAI GH$ 'AERO$ TE-KAI
"OSA 'EK TOUTWN SUNISTATAI DIACWREI0 KAI STEGEIN 'OUDEN 'AUTO
DUNATAI. 'TAUTON DH-KAI PERI= TH$ PAR' "HMIN KOILIA$ DIANOHTEON,
"OTI4 SITIA MEN-KAI POTA "OTAN 'EI$ 'AUTHN 'EMPESHI6,
<P 78B>
STEGEI0, PNEUMA DE-KAI PUR SMIKROMERE=STERA 'ONTA TH$ "AUTH$
SUSTASEW$ 'OU DUNATAI. TOUTOI$ 'OUN KATECRHSATO "O QEO$ 'EI$
THN 'EK TH$ KOILIA$ 'EPI TA$ FLEBA$ "UDREIAN, PLEGMA 'EX 'AERO$
KAI PURO$ "OION "OI KURTOI SUNUFHNAMENO$, DIPLA KATA THN
'EISODON 'EGKURTIA 'ECON, "WN QATERON 'AU PALIN DIEPLEXEN
DIKROUN; KAI 'APO TWN 'EGKURTIWN DH DIETEINATO "OION SCOINOU$
KUKLWI DIA= PANTO$ PRO$ TA 'ESCATA TOU* PLEGMATO$. TA MEN-'OUN
<P 78C>
'ENDON 'EK PURO$ SUNESTHSATO TOU* PLOKANOU "APANTA, TA D'
'EGKURTIA KAI TO KUTO$ 'AEROEIDH, KAI LABWN 'AUTO PERIESTHSEN
TW*I PLASQENTI ZWIWI TROPON TOIONDE. TO MEN TWN 'EGKURTIWN
'EI$ TO STOMA MEQHKEN; DIPLOU DE 'ONTO$ 'AUTOU4 KATA MEN TA$
'ARTHRIA$ 'EI$ TON PLEUMONA KAQHKEN QATERON, TO D' 'EI$ THN
KOILIAN PARA TA$ 'ARTHRIA$; TO D' "ETERON SCISA$ TO MERO$
"EKATERON KATA TOU$ 'OCETOU$ TH$ "RINO$ 'AFHKEN KOINON, "WSQ'
"OTE MH KATA STOMA 'IOI QATERON, 'EK TOUTOU PANTA KAI TA
<P 78D>
'EKEINOU "REUMATA 'ANAPLHROUSQAI. TO DE 'ALLO KUTO$ TOU*
KURTOU PERI= TO SWMA "OSON KOILON "HMWN PERIEFUSEN, KAI PAN
DH TOUTO TOTE= MEN 'EI$ TA 'EGKURTIA SURREIN MALAKW$, "ATE 'AERA
'ONTA, 'EPOIHSEN, TOTE= DE 'ANARREIN MEN TA 'EGKURTIA, TO DE
PLEGMA, "W$ 'ONTO$ TOU* SWMATO$ MANOU, DUESQAI 'EISW DI'
'AUTOU4 KAI PALIN 'EXW, TA$ DE 'ENTO$ TOU* PURO$ 'AKTINA$ DIADEDEMENA$
'AKOLOUQEIN 'EF' "EKA=TERA 'IONTO$ TOU* 'AERO$, KAI TOUTO,
<P 78E>
"EWSPER 'AN4 TO QNHTON SUNESTHKHI ZWION, MH DIAPAUESQAI
GIGNOMENON; TOUTWI DE-DH TW*I GENEI TON TA$ 'EPWNUMIA$ QEMENON
'ANAPNOHN KAI 'EKPNOHN LEGOMEN QESQAI 'TOUNOMA. PAN DE-DH
TO T' 'ERGON KAI TO PAQO$ TOUQ' "HMWN TW*I SWMATI GEGONEN0
'ARDOMENWI KAI 'ANAYUCOMENWI TREFESQAI KAI ZHN; "OPOTAN GAR
'EISW KAI 'EXW TH$ 'ANAPNOH$ 'IOUSH$ TO PUR 'ENTO$ SUNHMMENON
"EPHTAI, DIAIWROUMENON DE 'AEI DIA= TH$ KOILIA$ 'EISELQON TA


<P 79A>
SITIA KAI POTA LABHI6, THKEI0 DH, KAI KATA SMIKRA DIAIROUN,
DIA= TWN 'EXODWN "HIPER POREUETAI DIAGON, "OION 'EK KRHNH$ 'EP'
'OCETOU$ 'EPI TA$ FLEBA$ 'ANTLOUN 'AUTA, "REIN "WSPER 'AULWNO$
DIA= TOU* SWMATO$ TA TWN FLEBWN POIEI0 "REUMATA.
PALIN DE TO TH$ 'ANAPNOH$ 'IDWMEN PAQO$, "AI$ CRWMENON
'AITIAI$ TOIOUTON GEGONEN0 "OIONPER TA NU*N 'ESTIN. "WD' 'OUN.
<P 79B>
'EPEIDH KENON 'OUDEN 'ESTIN 'EI$ "O= TWN FEROMENWN DUNAIT' 'AN4
'EISELQEIN TI, TO DE PNEUMA FERETAI PAR' "HMWN 'EXW, TO META
TOUTO 'HDH PANTI DHLON "W$ 'OUK 'EI$ KENON, 'ALLA= TO PLHSION
'EK TH$ "EDRA$ 'WQEI0; TO D' 'WQOUMENON 'EXELAUNEI0 TO PLHSION
'AEI, KAI KATA TAUTHN THN 'ANAGKHN PAN PERIELAUNOMENON 'EI$
THN "EDRAN "OQEN 'EXHLQEN TO PNEUMA, 'EISION 'EKEISE KAI 'ANAPLHROUN2
'AUTHN SUNEPETAI TW*I PNEUMATI, KAI TOUTO "AMA PAN
<P 79C>
"OION TROCOU PERIAGOMENOU GIGNETAI DIA= TO KENON MHDEN 'EINAI.
DIO DH TO TWN STHQWN KAI TO TOU* PLEUMONO$ 'EXW MEQIEN TO
PNEUMA PALIN "UPO TOU* PERI= TO SWMA 'AERO$, 'EISW DIA= MANWN
TWN SARKWN DUOMENOU KAI PERIELAUNOMENOU, GIGNETAI PLHRE$;
'AUQI$ DE 'APOTREPOMENO$ "O 'AHR KAI DIA= TOU* SWMATO$ 'EXW 'IWN
'EISW THN 'ANAPNOHN PERIWQEI0 KATA THN TOU* STOMATO$ KAI THN
TWN MUKTHRWN DIODON. THN D' 'AITIAN TH$ 'ARCH$ 'AUTWN QETEON
<P 79D>
THNDE. PAN ZWION "AUTOU 'TANTO$ PERI= TO "AIMA KAI TA$ FLEBA$
QERMOTATA 'ECEI0, "OION 'EN "EAUTWI PHGHN TINA 'ENOUSAN PURO$; "O=
DH-KAI PROSHIKAZOMEN TW*I TOU* KURTOU PLEGMATI, KATA MESON
DIATETAMENON 'EK PURO$ PEPLECQAI PAN, TA DE 'A=LLA "OSA
'EXWQEN, 'AERO$. TO QERMON DH KATA FUSIN 'EI$ THN "AUTOU
CWRAN 'EXW PRO$ TO SUGGENE$ "OMOLOGHTEON 'IENAI; DUOIN DE
TOIN DIEXODOIN 'OUSAIN, TH$ MEN KATA TO SWMA 'EXW, TH$ DE 'AU
<P 79E>
KATA TO STOMA KAI TA$ "RINA$, "OTAN MEN 'EPI QATERA "ORMHSHI6,
QATERA PERIWQEI0, TO DE PERIWSQEN 'EI$ TO PUR 'EMPIPTON
QERMAINETAI, TO D' 'EXION YUCETAI. METABALLOUSH$ DE TH$
QERMOTHTO$ KAI TWN KATA THN "ETERAN 'EXODON QERMOTERWN
GIGNOMENWN PALIN 'EKEINHI "REPON 'AU TO QERMOTERON MALLON,
PRO$ THN "AUTOU FUSIN FEROMENON, PERIWQEI0 TO KATA QATERA;
TO DE TA 'AUTA PASCON KAI TA 'AUTA 'ANTAPODIDON 'AEI, KUKLON
"OUTW SALEUOMENON 'ENQA KAI 'ENQA 'APEIRGASMENON "UP' 'AMFOTERWN
THN 'ANAPNOHN KAI 'EKPNOHN GIGNESQAI PARECETAI.
KAI-DH-KAI TA TWN PERI= TA$ 'IATRIKA$ SIKUA$ PAQHMATWN


<P 80A>
'AITIA KAI TA TH$ KATAPOSEW$ TA TE TWN "RIPTOUMENWN, "OSA
'AFEQENTA METEWRA KAI "OSA 'EPI GH$ FERETAI, TAUTHI DIWKTEON,
KAI "OSOI FQOGGOI TACEI$ TE-KAI BRADEI$ 'OXEI$ TE-KAI BAREI$
FAINONTAI, TOTE= MEN 'ANARMOSTOI FEROMENOI DI' 'ANOMOIOTHTA
TH$ 'EN "HMIN "UP' 'AUTWN KINHSEW$, TOTE= DE SUMFWNOI DI'
"OMOIOTHTA. TA$ GAR TWN PROTERWN KAI QATTONWN "OI BRADUTEROI
KINHSEI$ 'APOPAUOMENA$ 'HDH TE 'EI$ "OMOION 'ELHLUQUIA$,
<P 80B>
"AI$ "USTERON 'AUTOI PROSFEROMENOI KINOUSIN0 'EKEINA$, KATALAMBANOUSIN0
KATALAMBANONTE$ DE 'OUK 'ALLHN 'EPEMBALLONTE$
'ANETARAXAN KINHSIN, 'ALL' 'ARCHN BRADUTERA$ FORA$ KATA THN
TH$ QATTONO$, 'APOLHGOUSH$ DE, "OMOIOTHTA PROSAYANTE$, MIAN
'EX 'OXEIA$ KAI BAREIA$ SUNEKERASANTO PAQHN; "OQEN "HDONHN
MEN TOI$ 'AFROSIN, 'EUFROSUNHN DE TOI$ 'EMFROSIN DIA= THN TH$
QEIA$ "ARMONIA$ MIMHSIN 'EN QNHTAI$ GENOMENHN FORAI$ PARESCON.
KAI-DH-KAI TA TWN "UDATWN PANTA "REUMATA, 'ETI DE
<P 80C>
TA TWN KERAUNWN PTWMATA KAI TA QAUMAZOMENA 'HLEKTRWN
PERI= TH$ "ELXEW$ KAI TWN "HRAKLEIWN LIQWN, PANTWN TOUTWN
"OLKH MEN 'OUK 'ESTIN 'OUDENI POTE, TO DE KENON 'EINAI MHDEN
PERIWQEIN TE "AUTA TAUTA 'EI$ 'ALLHLA, TO TE DIAKRINOMENA
KAI SUGKRINOMENA PRO$ THN "AUTWN DIAMEIBOMENA "EDRAN "EKASTA
'IENAI PANTA, TOUTOI$ TOI$ PAQHMASIN PRO$ 'ALLHLA SUMPLECQEISIN
TEQAUMATOURGHMENA TW*I KATA TROPON ZHTOUNTI
FANHSETAI.
<P 80D>
KAI-DH-KAI TO TH$ 'ANAPNOH$, "OQEN "O LOGO$ "WRMHSEN, KATA
TAUTA KAI DIA= TOUTWN GEGONEN0, "WSPER 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN 'EIRHTAI,
TEMNONTO$ MEN TA SITIA TOU* PURO$, 'AIWROUMENOU DE 'ENTO$ TW*I
PNEUMATI SUNEPOMENOU, TA$ FLEBA$ TE 'EK TH$ KOILIA$ THI
SUNAIWRHSEI PLHROUNTO$ TW*I TA TETMHMENA 'AUTOQEN 'EPANTLEIN;
KAI DIA= TAUTA DH KAQ' "OLON TO SWMA PASIN TOI$ ZWIOI$
TA TH$ TROFH$ NAMATA "OUTW$ 'EPIRRUTA GEGONEN0. NEOTMHTA
DE-KAI 'APO SUGGENWN 'ONTA, TA MEN KARPWN, TA DE CLOH$,
<P 80E>
"A QEO$ 'EP' 'AUTO TOUQ' "HMIN 'EFUTEUSEN, 'EINAI TROFHN, PANTODAPA
MEN CRWMATA 'ISCEI0 DIA= THN SUMMEIXIN, "H D' 'ERUQRA
PLEISTH PERI= 'AUTA CROA DIAQEI0, TH$ TOU* PURO$ TOMH$ TE-KAI
'EXOMORXEW$ 'EN "UGRWI DEDHMIOURGHMENH FUSI$. "OQEN TOU* KATA
TO SWMA "REONTO$ TO CRWMA 'ESCEN "OIAN 'OYIN DIELHLUQAMEN
"O= KALOUMEN0 "AIMA, NOMHN SARKWN KAI SUMPANTO$ TOU* SWMATO$,


<P 81A>
"OQEN "UDREUOMENA "EKASTA PLHROI0 THN TOU* KENOUMENOU
BASIN; "O DE TROPO$ TH$ PLHRWSEW$ 'APOCWRHSEW$ TE GIGNETAI
KAQAPER 'EN TW*I PANTI PANTO$ "H FORA GEGONEN0, "HN TO
SUGGENE$ PAN FERETAI PRO$ "EAUTO. TA MEN-GAR-DH PERIESTWTA
'EKTO$ "HMA$ THKEI0 TE 'AEI KAI DIANEMEI0 PRO$ "EKASTON
'EIDO$ TO "OMOFULON 'APOPEMPONTA, TA DE 'ENAIMA 'AU, KERMATISQENTA
'ENTO$ PAR' "HMIN KAI PERIEILHMMENA "WSPER "UP'
<P 81B>
'OURANOU SUNESTWTO$ "EKASTOU TOU* ZWIOU, THN TOU* PANTO$
'ANAGKAZETAI MIMEISQAI FORAN; PRO$ TO SUGGENE$ 'OUN FEROMENON
"EKASTON TWN 'ENTO$ MERISQENTWN5 TO KENWQEN TO=TE PALIN
'ANEPLHRWSEN. "OTAN MEN-DH PLEON TOU* 'EPIRREONTO$ 'APIHI5,
FQINEI0 PAN, "OTAN DE 'ELATTON, 'AUXANETAI. NEA MEN-'OUN SUSTASI$
TOU* PANTO$ ZWIOU, KAINA TA TRIGWNA "OION 'EK DRUOCWN
'ETI 'ECOUSA TWN GENWN, 'ISCURAN MEN THN SUGKLEISIN 'AUTWN
PRO$ 'ALLHLA KEKTHTAI, SUMPEPHGEN0 DE "O PA$ 'OGKO$ 'AUTH$
<P 81C>
"APALO$, "AT' 'EK MUELOU MEN NEWSTI GEGONUIA$, TEQRAMMENH$
DE 'EN GALAKTI; TA DH PERILAMBANOMENA 'EN 'AUTHI TRIGWNA
'EXWQEN 'EPEISELQONTA, 'EX "WN 'AN4 'HI TA TE SITIA KAI POTA,
TWN "EAUTH$ TRIGWNWN PALAIO=TERA 'ONTA KAI 'ASQENE=STERA
KAINOI$ 'EPIKRATEI0 TEMNOUSA, KAI MEGA 'APERGAZETAI TO ZWION
TREFOUSA 'EK POLLWN "OMOIWN. "OTAN D' "H "RIZA TWN TRIGWNWN
CALA*I2 DIA= TO POLLOU$ 'AGWNA$ 'EN POLLWI CRONWI PRO$ POLLA
<P 81D>
'HGWNISQAI, TA MEN TH$ TROFH$ 'EISIONTA 'OUKETI DUNATAI
TEMNEIN 'EI$ "OMOIOTHTA "EAUTOI$, 'AUTA DE "UPO TWN 'EXWQEN
'EPEISIONTWN0 'EUPETW$ DIAIREITAI; FQINEI0 DH PAN ZWION 'EN
TOUTWI KRATOUMENON, GHRA$ TE 'ONOMAZETAI TO PAQO$. TELO$
DE, 'EPEIDAN TWN PERI= TON MUELON TRIGWNWN "OI SUNARMOSQENTE$
MHKETI 'ANTECWSIN DESMOI TW*I PONWI DIISTAMENOI, MEQIASIN TOU$
TH$ YUCH$ 'AU DESMOU$, "H DE LUQEISA KATA FUSIN MEQ' "HDONH$
<P 81E>
'EXEPTATO; PAN GAR TO MEN PARA FUSIN 'ALGEINON, TO D' "HI PEFUKEN0
GIGNOMENON "HDU. KAI QANATO$ DH KATA 'TAUTA "O MEN KATA
NOSOU$ KAI "UPO TRAUMATWN GIGNOMENO$ 'ALGEINO$ KAI BIAIO$,
"O DE META GHRW$ 'IWN 'EPI TELO$ KATA FUSIN 'APONWTATO$
TWN QANATWN KAI MALLON MEQ' "HDONH$ GIGNOMENO$ 'H= LUPH$.
TO DE TWN NOSWN "OQEN SUNISTATAI, DHLON POU-KAI PANTI.


<P 82A>
TETTARWN GAR 'ONTWN0 GENWN 'EX "WN SUMPEPHGEN0 TO SWMA,
GH$ PURO$ "UDATO$ TE-KAI 'AERO$, TOUTWN "H PARA FUSIN PLEONEXIA
KAI 'ENDEIA KAI TH$ CWRA$ METASTASI$ 'EX 'OIKEIA$ 'EP'
'ALLOTRIAN GIGNOMENH, PURO$ TE 'AU KAI TWN "ETERWN 'EPEIDH
GENH PLEIONA "ENO$ 'ONTA TUGCANEI0, TO MH PROSHKON0 "EKASTON
"EAUTWI PROSLAMBANEIN, KAI PANQ' "OSA TOIAUTA, STASEI$ KAI
NOSOU$ PARECEI0; PARA FUSIN GAR "EKASTOU GIGNOMENOU KAI
MEQISTAMENOU QERMAINETAI MEN "OSA 'AN4 PROTERON YUCHTAI,
<P 82B>
XHRA DE 'ONTA 'EI$ "USTERON GIGNETAI NOTERA, KAI KOUFA DH-KAI
BAREA, KAI PASA$ PANTHI METABOLA$ DECETAI. MONW$ GAR-DH,
FAMEN, 'TAUTON 'TAUTWI KATA 'TAUTON KAI "WSAUTW$ KAI 'ANA
LOGON PROSGIGNOMENON KAI 'APOGIGNOMENON 'EASEI2 'TAUTON 'ON
"AUTWI SWN KAI "UGIE$ MENEIN0; "O= D' 'AN4 PLHMMELHSHI6 TI TOUTWN
'EKTO$ 'APION 'H= PROSION, 'ALLOIOTHTA$ PAMPOIKILA$ KAI NOSOU$
FQORA$ TE 'APEIROU$ PAREXETAI.
DEUTERWN DH SUSTASEWN 'AU KATA FUSIN SUNESTHKUIWN,
<P 82C>
DEUTE=RA KATANOHSI$ NOSHMATWN TW*I BOULOMENWI GIGNETAI SUNNOHSAI0.
MUELOU GAR 'EX 'EKEINWN 'OSTOU TE-KAI SARKO$ KAI
NEUROU SUMPAGENTO$, 'ETI TE "AIMATO$ 'ALLON MEN TROPON, 'EK
DE TWN 'AUTWN GEGONOTO$, TWN MEN 'ALLWN TA PLEISTA "HIPER
TA PROSQEN, TA DE MEGISTA TWN NOSHMATWN THIDE CALEPA
SUMPEPTWKEN0; "OTAN 'ANAPALIN "H GENESI$ TOUTWN POREUHTAI,
TO=TE TAUTA DIAFQEIRETAI. KATA FUSIN GAR SARKE$ MEN-KAI
NEURA 'EX "AIMATO$ GIGNETAI, NEURON MEN 'EX 'INWN DIA= THN SUGGENEIAN,
<P 82D>
SARKE$ DE 'APO TOU* PAGENTO$ "O= PHGNUTAI CWRIZOMENON
'INWN; TO DE 'APO TWN NEURWN KAI SARKWN 'APION 'AU
GLISCRON KAI LIPARON "AMA MEN THN SARKA KOLLA*I0 PRO$ THN
TWN 'OSTWN FUSIN 'AUTO TE TO PERI= TON MUELON 'OSTOUN TREFON
'AUXEI0, TO D' 'AU DIA= THN PUKNOTHTA TWN 'OSTWN DIHQOUMENON
KAQARWTATON GENO$ TWN TRIGWNWN LEIOTATON TE-KAI LIPARWTATON,
LEIBOMENON 'APO TWN 'OSTWN KAI STAZON, 'ARDEI0 TON
<P 82E>
MUELON. KAI KATA TAUTA MEN GIGNOMENWN "EKASTWN "UGIEIA
SUMBAINEI0 TA POLLA; NOSOI DE, "OTAN 'ENANTIW$. "OTAN GAR
THKOMENH SARX 'ANAPALIN 'EI$ TA$ FLEBA$ THN THKEDONA 'EXIH*I5,
TO=TE META PNEUMATO$ "AIMA POLU TE-KAI PANTODAPON 'EN TAI$
FLEYI CRWMASI KAI PIKROTHSI POIKILLOMENON, 'ETI DE 'OXEIAI$
KAI "ALMURAI$ DUNAMESI, COLA$ KAI 'ICWRA$ KAI FLEGMATA
PANTOI*A 'ISCEI0; PALINAIRETA GAR PANTA GEGONOTA KAI DIEFQARMENA
TO TE "AIMA 'AUTO PRWTON DIOLLUSI0, KAI 'AUTA 'OUDEMIAN


<P 83A>
TROFHN 'ETI TW*I SWMATI PARECONTA FERETAI PANTHI DIA=
TWN FLEBWN, TAXIN TWN KATA FUSIN 'OUKET' 'ISCONTA PERIODWN,
'ECQRA MEN 'AUTA "AUTOI$ DIA= TO MHDEMIAN 'APOLAUSIN "EAUTWN
'ECEIN, TW*I SUNESTWTI DE TOU* SWMATO$ KAI MENONTI KATA CWRAN
POLE=MIA, DIOLLUNTA KAI THKONTA. "OSON MEN-'OUN 'AN4 PALAIOTATON
'ON TH$ SARKO$ TAKHI, DUSPEPTON GIGNOMENON MELAINEI0
MEN "UPO PALAIA$ SUGKAUSEW$, DIA= DE TO PANTHI DIABEBRWSQAI
<P 83B>
PIKRON 'ON PANTI CALEPON PROSPIPTEI0 TOU* SWMATO$ "OSON
'AN4 MHPW DIEFQARMENON-'HI, KAI TOTE= MEN 'ANTI TH$ PIKROTHTO$
'OXUTHTA 'ESCEN TO MELAN CRWMA, 'APOLEPTUNQENTO$ MALLON
TOU* PIKROU, TOTE= DE "H PIKROTH$ 'AU BAFEISA "AIMATI CRWMA
'ESCEN 'ERUQRWTERON, TOU* DE MELANO$ TOUTWI SUGKERANNUMENOU
CLOWDE$; 'ETI DE SUMMEIGNUTAI XANQON CRWMA META TH$
PIKROTHTO$, "OTAN NEA SUNTAKHI SARX "UPO TOU* PERI= THN FLOGA
PURO$. KAI TO MEN KOINON 'ONOMA PASIN TOUTOI$ 'H= TINE$
<P 83C>
'IATRWN POU COLHN 'EPWNOMASAN, 'H=-KAI TI$ 'WN DUNATO$ 'EI$
POLLA MEN-KAI 'ANO=MOIA BLEPEIN, "ORAN DE 'EN 'AUTOI$ "EN GENO$
'ENON 'AXION 'EPWNUMIA$ PASIN; TA D' 'A=LLA "OSA COLH$ 'EIDH
LEGETAI, KATA THN CROAN 'ESCEN LOGON 'AUTWN "EKASTON 'IDION.
'ICWR DE, "O MEN "AIMATO$ 'ORO$ PRA*IO$, "O DE MELAINH$ COLH$
'OXEIA$ TE 'AGRIO$, "OTAN SUMMEIGNUHTAI DIA= QERMOTHTA "ALMURA*I
DUNAMEI; KALEITAI0 DE 'OXU FLEGMA TO TOIOUTON. TO D' 'AU MET'
'AERO$ THKOMENON 'EK NEA$ KAI "APALH$ SARKO$, TOUTOU DE
<P 83D>
'ANEMWQENTO$ KAI SUMPERILHFQENTO$ "UPO "UGROTHTO$, KAI
POMFOLUGWN SUSTASWN 'EK TOU* PAQOU$ TOUTOU KAQ' "EKASTHN
MEN 'AORATWN DIA= SMIKROTHTA, SUNAPASWN DE TON 'OGKON
PARECOMENWN "ORATON, CRWMA 'ECOUSWN DIA= THN TOU* 'AFROU
GENESIN 'IDEIN LEUKON, TAUTHN PASAN THKEDONA "APALH$ SARKO$
META PNEUMATO$ SUMPLAKEISAN LEUKON 'EINAI FLEGMA FAMEN.
FLEGMATO$ DE 'AU NEOU SUNISTAMENOU 'ORO$ "IDRW$ KAI DAKRUON,
<P 83E>
"OSA TE 'A=LLA TOIAUTA SWMATA TO KAQ' "HMERAN CEITAI KAQAIROMENA;
KAI TAUTA MEN-DH PANTA NOSWN 'ORGANA GEGONEN0, "OTAN
"AIMA MH 'EK TWN SITIWN KAI POTWN PLHQUSHI6 KATA FUSIN,
'ALL' 'EX 'ENANTIWN TON 'OGKON PARA TOU$ TH$ FUSEW$ LAMBANHI5
NOMOU$. DIAKRINOMENH$ MEN-'OUN "UPO NOSWN TH$ SARKO$
"EKASTH$, MENONTWN0 DE TWN PUQMENWN 'AUTAI$ "HMISEIA TH$ SUMFORA$
"H DUNAMI$ % 'ANALHYIN GAR 'ETI MET' 'EUPETEIA$ 'ISCEI0 %


<P 84A>
TO DE-DH SARKA$ 'OSTOI$ SUNDOUN "OPOT' 'AN4 NOSHSHI6, KAI
MHKETI 'AUTO 'EX 'INWN "AIMA88 KAI NEURWN 'APOCWRIZOMENON 'OSTWI
MEN TROFH, SARKI DE PRO$ 'OSTOUN GIGNHTAI DESMO$, 'ALL' 'EK
LIPAROU KAI LEIOU KAI GLISCROU TRACU KAI "ALMURON 'AUCMHSAN
"UPO KAKH$ DIAITH$ GENHTAI, TO=TE TAUTA PASCON PAN
TO TOIOUTON KATAYHCETAI MEN 'AUTO PALIN "UPO TA$ SARKA$
KAI TA NEURA, 'AFISTAMENON 'APO TWN 'OSTWN, "AI D' 'EK TWN
<P 84B>
"RIZWN SUNEKPIPTOUSAI TA TE NEURA GUMNA KATALEIPOUSI0 KAI
MESTA "ALMH$; 'AUTAI DE PALIN 'EI$ THN "AIMATO$ FORAN 'EMPESOUSAI
TA PROSQEN "RHQENTA NOSHMATA PLEIW POIOUSIN0.
CALEPWN DE TOUTWN PERI= TA SWMATA PAQHMATWN GIGNOMENWN
MEIZW 'ETI GIGNETAI TA PRO TOUTWN, "OTAN 'OSTOUN DIA= PUKNOTHTA
SARKO$ 'ANAPNOHN MH LAMBANON "IKANHN, "UP' 'EURWTO$
QERMAINOMENON, SFAKELISAN MHTE THN TROFHN KATADECHTAI
<P 84C>
PALIN TE 'AUTO 'EI$ 'EKEINHN 'ENANTIW$ 'IHI5 YHCOMENON, "H D' 'EI$
SARKA$, SARX DE 'EI$ "AIMA 'EMPIPTOUSA TRACU=TERA PANTA TWN
PROSQEN TA NOSHMATA 'APERGAZHTAI; TO D' 'ESCATON PANTWN,
"OTAN "H TOU* MUELOU FUSI$ 'AP' 'ENDEIA$ 'H= TINO$ "UPERBOLH$
NOSHSHI6, TA MEGISTA KAI KURIWTATA PRO$ QANATON TWN NOSHMATWN
'APOTELEI0, PASH$ 'ANAPALIN TH$ TOU* SWMATO$ FUSEW$
'EX 'ANAGKH$ "RUEISH$.
TRITON D' 'AU NOSHMATWN 'EIDO$ TRICHI DEI DIANOEISQAI
<P 84D>
GIGNOMENON, TO MEN "UPO PNEUMATO$, TO DE FLEGMATO$, TO DE
COLH$. "OTAN MEN-GAR "O TWN PNEUMATWN TW*I SWMATI TAMIA$
PLEUMWN MH KAQARA$ PARECHI5 TA$ DIEXODOU$ "UPO "REUMATWN
FRACQEI$, 'ENQA MEN 'OUK 'ION, 'ENQA DE PLEION 'H= TO PROSHKON0
PNEUMA 'EISION TA MEN 'OU TUGCANONTA 'ANAYUCH$ SHPEI0, TA
DE TWN FLEBWN DIABIAZOMENON KAI SUNEPISTREFON 'AUTA
THKON TE TO SWMA 'EI$ TO MESON 'AUTOU4 DIAFRAGMA T' 'ISCON0
<P 84E>
'ENAPOLAMBANETAI, KAI MURIA DH NOSHMATA 'EK TOUTWN 'ALGEINA
META PLHQOU$ "IDRWTO$ POLLAKI$ 'APEIRGASTAI. POLLAKI$ D'
'EN TW*I SWMATI DIAKRIQEISH$ SARKO$ PNEUMA 'EGGENOMENON KAI
'ADUNATOUN 'EXW POREUQHNAI TA$ 'AUTA$ TOI$ 'EPEISELHLUQOSIN
'WDINA$ PARESCEN, MEGISTA$ DE, "OTAN PERI= TA NEURA KAI TA
TAUTHI FLEBIA PERISTAN KAI 'ANOIDHSAN TOU$ TE 'EPITONOU$ KAI
TA SUNECH NEURA "OUTW$ 'EI$ TO 'EXOPISQEN KATATEINHI5 TOUTOI$;
"A DH-KAI 'AP' 'AUTOU4 TH$ SUNTONIA$ TOU* PAQHMATO$ TA NOSHMATA
TETANOI TE-KAI 'OPISQOTONOI PROSERRHQHSAN. "WN KAI
TO FARMAKON CALEPON; PURETOI GAR-'OUN-DH TA TOIAUTA 'EPIGIGNOMENOI


<P 85A>
MALISTA LUOUSIN0. TO DE LEUKON FLEGMA DIA= TO
TWN POMFOLUGWN PNEUMA CALEPON 'APOLHFQEN, 'EXW DE TOU*
SWMATO$ 'ANAPNOA$ 'ISCON0 'HPIWTERON MEN, KATAPOIKILLEI0 DE
TO SWMA LEUKA$ 'ALFOU$ TE-KAI TA TOUTWN SUGGENH NOSHMATA
'APOTIKTON. META COLH$ DE MELAINH$ KERASQEN 'EPI TA$
PERIODOU$ TE TA$ 'EN THI KEFALHI QEIOTATA$ 'OUSA$ 'EPISKEDANNUMENON
KAI SUNTARATTON 'AUTA$, KAQ' "UPNON MEN 'ION PRA\UTERON,
<P 85B>
'EGRHGOROSIN DE 'EPITIQEMENON DUSAPALLAKTOTERON; NOSHMA
DE "IERA$ 'ON FUSEW$ 'ENDIKWTATA "IERON LEGETAI. FLEGMA
D' 'OXU KAI "ALMURON PHGH PANTWN NOSHMATWN "OSA GIGNETAI
KATARROIKA; DIA= DE TOU$ TOPOU$ 'EI$ "OU$ "REI0 PANTODAPOU$
'ONTA$ PANTOI*A 'ONOMATA 'EILHFEN0. "OSA DE FLEGMAINEIN LEGETAI
TOU* SWMATO$, 'APO TOU* KAESQAI TE-KAI FLEGESQAI, DIA= COLHN
GEGONE0 PANTA. LAMBANOUSA MEN-'OUN 'ANAPNOHN 'EXW PANTOI*A
<P 85C>
'ANAPEMPEI0 FUMATA ZEOUSA, KAQEIRGNUMENH D' 'ENTO$ PURIKAUTA
NOSHMATA POLLA 'EMPOIEI0, MEGISTON DE, "OTAN "AIMATI KAQARWI
SUGKERASQEISA TO TWN 'INWN GENO$ 'EK TH$ "EAUTWN DIAFORHI5
TAXEW$, "AI=4 DIESPARHSAN MEN 'EI$ "AIMA, "INA SUMMETRW$ LEPTOTHTO$
'ISCOI KAI PACOU$ KAI-MHTE DIA= QERMOTHTA "W$ "UGRON
'EK MANOU TOU* SWMATO$ 'EKREOI, MHT' 'AU PUKNOTERON DUSKINHTON
<P 85D>
'ON MOLI$ 'ANASTREFOITO 'EN TAI$ FLEYIN. KAIRON DH TOUTWN
'INE$ THI TH$ FUSEW$ GENESEI FULATTOUSIN0; "A$ "OTAN TI$ KAI
TEQNEWTO$ "AIMATO$ 'EN YUXEI TE 'ONTO$ PRO$ 'ALLHLA$ SUNAGAGHI6,
DIACEITAI PAN TO LOIPON "AIMA, 'EAQEISAI DE TACU META
TOU* PERIESTWTO$ 'AUTO YUCOU$ SUMPHGNUASIN. TAUTHN DH
THN DUNAMIN 'ECOUSWN 'INWN 'EN "AIMATI COLH FUSEI PALAION
"AIMA GEGONUIA KAI PALIN 'EK TWN SARKWN 'EI$ TOUTO TETHKUIA,
QERMH KAI "UGRA KAT' 'OLIGON TO PRWTON 'EMPIPTOUSA PHGNUTAI
<P 85E>
DIA= THN TWN 'INWN DUNAMIN, PHGNUMENH DE-KAI BIA\ KATASBENNUMENH
CEIMWNA KAI TROMON 'ENTO$ PARECEI0. PLEIWN D'
'EPIRREOUSA, THI PAR' 'AUTH$ QERMOTHTI KRATHSASA TA$ 'INA$
'EI$ 'ATAXIAN ZESASA DIESEISEN; KAI 'EA=N MEN "IKANH DIA= TELOU$
KRATHSAI0 GENHTAI, PRO$ TO TOU* MUELOU DIAPERASASA GENO$
KAOUSA 'ELUSEN TA TH$ YUCH$ 'AUTOQEN "OION NEW$ PEISMATA
MEQHKEN TE 'ELEUQERAN, "OTAN D' 'ELATTWN 'HI TO TE SWMA
'ANTISCHI5 THKOMENON, 'AUTH KRATHQEISA 'H= KATA PAN TO SWMA
'EXEPESEN, 'H= DIA= TWN FLEBWN 'EI$ THN KATW SUNWSQEISA 'H=
THN 'ANW KOILIAN, "OION FUGA$ 'EK POLEW$ STASIASASH$ 'EK


<P 86A>
TOU* SWMATO$ 'EKPIPTOUSA, DIARROIA$ KAI DUSENTERIA$ KAI TA
TOIAUTA NOSHMATA PANTA PARESCETO. TO MEN-'OUN 'EK PURO$
"UPERBOLH$ MALISTA NOSHSAN SWMA SUNECH KAUMATA KAI
PURETOU$ 'APERGAZETAI, TO D' 'EX 'AERO$ 'AMFHMERINOU$, TRITAIOU$
D' "UDATO$ DIA= TO NWQESTERON 'AERO$ KAI PURO$ 'AUTO 'EINAI; TO
DE GH$, TETARTW$ 'ON NWQESTATON TOUTWN, 'EN TETRAPLASIAI$
PERIODOI$ CRONOU KAQAIROMENON, TETARTAIOU$ PURETOU$ POIHSAN
'APALLATTETAI MOLI$.
<P 86B>
KAI TA MEN PERI= TO SWMA NOSHMATA TAUTHI SUMBAINEI0
GIGNOMENA, TA DE PERI= YUCHN DIA= SWMATO$ "EXIN THIDE. NOSON
MEN-DH YUCH$ 'ANOIAN SUGCWRHTEON, DUO D' 'ANOIA$ GENH,
TO MEN MANIAN, TO DE 'AMAQIAN. PAN 'OUN "OTI2 PASCWN TI$
PAQO$ "OPOTERON 'AUTWN 'ISCEI0, NOSON PROSRHTEON, "HDONA$ DE-KAI
LUPA$ "UPERBALLOUSA$ TWN NOSWN MEGISTA$ QETEON THI
YUCHI; PERICARH$ GAR 'ANQRWPO$ 'WN 'H=-KAI 'TANANTIA "UPO
<P 86C>
LUPH$ PASCWN, SPEUDWN TO MEN "ELEIN 'AKAIRW$, TO DE FUGEIN,
'OUQ' "ORAN 'OUTE 'AKOUEIN 'ORQON 'OUDEN DUNATAI, LUTTA*I0 DE-KAI
LOGISMOU METASCEIN "HKISTA TO=TE DH DUNATO$. TO DE SPERMA
"OTWI POLU KAI "RUWDE$ PERI= TON MUELON GIGNETAI KAI KAQAPEREI
DENDRON POLUKARPOTERON TOU* SUMMETROU PEFUKO$-'HI,
POLLA$ MEN KAQ' "EKASTON 'WDINA$, POLLA$ D' "HDONA$ KTWMENO$
'EN TAI$ 'EPIQUMIAI$ KAI TOI$ PERI= TA TOIAUTA TOKOI$, 'EMMANH$
TO PLEISTON GIGNOMENO$ TOU* BIOU DIA= TA$ MEGISTA$ "HDONA$
<P 86D>
KAI LUPA$, NOSOUSAN KAI 'AFRONA 'ISCWN "UPO TOU* SWMATO$
THN YUCHN, 'OUC "W$ NOSWN 'ALL' "W$ "EKWN KAKO$ DOXAZETAI;
TO DE 'ALHQE$ "H PERI= TA 'AFRODI=SIA 'AKOLASIA KATA TO POLU
MERO$ DIA= THN "ENO$ GENOU$ "EXIN "UPO MANOTHTO$ 'OSTWN 'EN
SWMATI "RUWDH KAI "UGRAINOUSAN NOSO$ YUCH$ GEGONEN0. KAI
SCEDON DH PANTA "OPOSA "HDONWN 'AKRATEIA KAI 'ONEIDO$ "W$
"EKONTWN0 LEGETAI TWN KAKWN, 'OUK 'ORQW$ 'ONEIDIZETAI; KAKO$
<P 86E>
MEN-GAR "EKWN 'OUDEI$, DIA= DE PONHRAN "EXIN TINA TOU* SWMATO$
KAI 'APAIDEUTON TROFHN "O KAKO$ GIGNETAI KAKO$, PANTI DE
TAUTA 'ECQRA KAI 'AKONTI PROSGIGNETAI. KAI PALIN DH TO PERI=
TA$ LUPA$ "H YUCH KATA 'TAUTA DIA= SWMA POLLHN 'ISCEI0
KAKIAN. "OTOU GAR 'AN4 'H= TWN 'OXEWN KAI TWN "ALUKWN FLEGMATWN
KAI "OSOI PIKROI KAI COLWDEI$ CUMOI KATA TO SWMA
PLANHQENTE$ 'EXW MEN MH LABWSIN 'ANAPNOHN, 'ENTO$ DE "EILLOMENOI


<P 87A>
THN 'AF' "AUTWN 'ATMIDA THI TH$ YUCH$ FORA*I SUMMEIXANTE$
'ANAKERASQWSI, PANTODAPA NOSHMATA YUCH$ 'EMPOIOUSI0
MALLON KAI "HTTON KAI 'ELATTW KAI PLEIW, PRO$ TE TOU$ TREI$
TOPOU$ 'ENECQENTA TH$ YUCH$, PRO$ "ON 'AN4 "EKAST' 'AUTWN
PROSPIPTHI5, POIKILLEI0 MEN 'EIDH DUSKOLIA$ KAI DUSQUMIA$
PANTODAPA, POIKILLEI0 DE QRASUTHTO$ TE-KAI DEILIA$, 'ETI DE
LHQH$ "AMA KAI DUSMAQIA$. PRO$ DE TOUTOI$, "OTAN "OUTW$
<P 87B>
KAKW$ PAGENTWN5 POLITEIAI KAKAI KAI LOGOI KATA POLEI$ 'IDIA\
TE-KAI DHMOSIA\ LECQWSIN, 'ETI DE MAQHMATA MHDAMHI TOUTWN
'IATIKA 'EK NEWN MANQANHTAI, TAUTHI KAKOI PANTE$ "OI KAKOI
DIA= DUO 'AKOUSIWTATA GIGNOMEQA; "WN 'AITIATEON MEN TOU$
FUTEUONTA$ 'AEI TWN FUTEUOMENWN MALLON KAI TOU$ TREFONTA$
TWN TREFOMENWN, PROQUMHTEON MHN, "OPHI TI$ DUNATAI,
KAI DIA= TROFH$ KAI DI' 'EPITHDEUMATWN MAQHMATWN TE FUGEIN
MEN KAKIAN, 'TOUNANTION DE "ELEIN. TAUTA MEN-'OUN-DH TROPO$
'ALLO$ LOGWN.
<P 87C>
TO DE TOUTWN 'ANTISTROFON 'AU, TO PERI= TA$ TWN SWMATWN
KAI DIANOHSEWN QERAPEIA$ "AI$ 'AITIAI$ SWIZETAI, PALIN 'EIKO$
KAI PREPON 'ANTAPODOUNAI0; DIKAIOTERON GAR TWN 'AGAQWN PE=RI
MALLON 'H= TWN KAKWN 'ISCEIN LOGON. PAN DH TO 'AGAQON
KALON, TO DE KALON 'OUK 'AMETRON; KAI ZWION 'OUN TO TOIOUTON
'ESOMENON SUMMETRON QETEON. SUMMETRIWN DE TA MEN SMIKRA
DIAISQANOMENOI SULLOGIZOMEQA, TA DE KURIWTATA KAI MEGISTA
<P 87D>
'ALOGISTW$ 'ECOMEN. PRO$ GAR "UGIEIA$ KAI NOSOU$ 'ARETA$ TE-KAI
KAKIA$ 'OUDEMIA SUMMETRIA KAI 'AMETRIA MEIZWN 'H= YUCH$
'AUTH$ PRO$ SWMA 'AUTO; "WN 'OUDEN SKOPOUMEN 'OUD' 'ENNOOUMEN,
"OTI4 YUCHN 'ISCURAN KAI PANTHI MEGALHN 'ASQENESTERON KAI
'ELATTON 'EIDO$ "OTAN 'OCHI5, KAI "OTAN 'AU 'TOUNANTION SUMPAGHTON
TOUTW, 'OU KALON "OLON TO ZWION % 'ASUMMETRON GAR TAI$
MEGISTAI$ SUMMETRIAI$ % TO DE 'ENANTIW$ 'ECON PANTWN QEAMATWN
TW*I DUNAMENWI KAQORAN KALLISTON KAI 'ERASMIWTATON.
<P 87E>
"OION 'OUN "UPERSKELE$ 'H=-KAI TINA "ETERAN "UPEREXIN 'AMETRON
"EAUTWI TI SWMA 'ON "AMA MEN 'AISCRON, "AMA D' 'EN THI KOINWNIA\
TWN PONWN POLLOU$ MEN KOPOU$, POLLA DE SPASMATA KAI
DIA= THN PARAFOROTHTA PTWMATA PARECON MURIWN KAKWN
'AITION "EAUTWI, 'TAUTON DH DIANOHTEON KAI PERI= TOU* SUNAMFOTEROU,
ZWION "O= KALOUMEN0, "W$ "OTAN TE 'EN 'AUTWI YUCH KREITTWN


<P 88A>
'OUSA SWMATO$ PERIQUMW$ 'ISCHI5, DIASEIOUSA PAN 'AUTO
'ENDOQEN NOSWN 'EMPIMPLHSI, KAI "OTAN 'EI$ TINA$ MAQHSEI$ KAI
ZHTHSEI$ SUNTONW$ 'IHI5, KATATHKEI0, DIDACA$ T' 'AU KAI MACA$
'EN LOGOI$ POIOUMENH DHMOSIA\ KAI 'IDIA\ DI' 'ERIDWN KAI FILONIKIA$
GIGNOMENWN DIAPURON 'AUTO POIOUSA SALEUEI0, KAI "REUMATA
'EPAGOUSA, TWN LEGOMENWN 'IATRWN 'APATWSA TOU$ PLEISTOU$,
'TANAITIA 'AITIASQAI POIEI0; SWMA TE "OTAN 'AU MEGA KAI "UPERYUCON
SMIKRA*I SUMFUE$ 'ASQENEI TE DIANOIA\ GENHTAI, DITTWN
<P 88B>
'EPIQUMIWN 'OUSWN FUSEI KAT' 'ANQRWPOU$, DIA= SWMA MEN
TROFH$, DIA= DE TO QEIOTATON TWN 'EN "HMIN FRONHSEW$, "AI TOU*
KREITTONO$ KINHSEI$ KRATOUSAI KAI TO MEN SFETERON 'AUXOUSAI,
TO DE TH$ YUCH$ KWFON KAI DUSMAQE$ 'AMNHMON TE POIOUSAI,
THN MEGISTHN NOSON 'AMAQIAN 'ENAPERGAZONTAI. MIA DH SWTHRIA
PRO$ 'AMFW, MHTE THN YUCHN 'ANEU SWMATO$ KINEIN MHTE
SWMA 'ANEU YUCH$, "INA 'AMUNOMENW GIGNHSQON 'ISORROPW KAI
<P 88C>
"UGIH. TON DH MAQHMATIKON 'H= TINA 'ALLHN SFO=DRA MELETHN
DIANOIA\ KATERGAZOMENON KAI THN TOU* SWMATO$ 'APODOTEON
KINHSIN, GUMNASTIKHI PROSOMILOUNTA, TON TE 'AU SWMA 'EPIMELW$
PLATTONTA TA$ TH$ YUCH$ 'ANTAPODOTEON KINHSEI$,
MOUSIKHI KAI PASHI FILOSOFIA\ PROSCRWMENON, 'EI MELLEI0
DIKAIW$ TI$ "AMA MEN KALO$, "AMA DE 'AGAQO$ 'ORQW$ KEKLHSQAI.
KATA DE 'TAUTA TAUTA KAI TA MERH QERAPEUTEON, TO TOU* PANTO$
<P 88D>
'APOMIMOUMENON 'EIDO$. TOU* GAR SWMATO$ "UPO TWN 'EISIONTWN0
KAOMENOU TE 'ENTO$ KAI YUCOMENOU, KAI PALIN "UPO TWN 'EXWQEN
XHRAINOMENOU KAI "UGRAINOMENOU KAI TA TOUTOI$ 'AKOLOUQA PASCONTO$
"UP' 'AMFOTERWN TWN KINHSEWN, "OTAN MEN TI$ "HSUCIAN
'AGON TO SWMA PARADIDWI0 TAI$ KINHSESI, KRATHQEN DIWLETO,
'EA=N DE "HN TE TROFON KAI TIQHNHN TOU* PANTO$ PROSEIPOMEN
MIMHTAI TI$, KAI TO SWMA MALISTA MEN MHDEPOTE "HSUCIAN
'AGEIN 'EA*I2, KINHI5 DE-KAI SEISMOU$ 'AEI TINA$ 'EMPOIWN 'AUTWI DIA=
<P 88E>
PANTO$ TA$ 'ENTO$ KAI 'EKTO$ 'AMUNHTAI KATA FUSIN KINHSEI$,
KAI METRIW$ SEIWN TA TE PERI= TO SWMA PLANWMENA PAQHMATA
KAI MERH KATA SUGGENEIA$ 'EI$ TAXIN KATAKOSMHI5 PRO$ 'ALLHLA,
KATA TON PROSQEN LOGON "ON PERI= TOU* PANTO$ 'ELEGOMEN, 'OUK
'ECQRON PAR' 'ECQRON TIQEMENON 'EASEI2 POLEMOU$ 'ENTIKTEIN TW*I
SWMATI KAI NOSOU$, 'ALLA= FILON PARA FILON TEQEN "UGIEIAN


<P 89A>
'APERGAZOMENON PAREXEI2. TWN D' 'AU KINHSEWN "H 'EN "EAUTWI
"UF' "AUTOU 'ARISTH KINHSI$ % MALISTA GAR THI DIANOHTIKHI KAI
THI TOU* PANTO$ KINHSEI SUGGENH$ % "H DE "UP' 'ALLOU CEIRWN;
CEIRISTH DE "H KEIMENOU TOU* SWMATO$ KAI 'AGONTO$ "HSUCIAN DI'
"ETERWN 'AUTO KATA MERH KINOUSA. DIO DH TWN KAQARSEWN KAI
SUSTASEWN TOU* SWMATO$ "H MEN DIA= TWN GUMNASIWN 'ARISTH,
DEUTE=RA DE "H DIA= TWN 'AIWRHSEWN KATA TE TOU$ PLOU$ KAI
"OPHIPER 'AN4 'OCHSEI$ 'AKOPOI GIGNWNTAI; TRITON DE 'EIDO$ KINHSEW$
<P 89B>
SFO=DRA POTE 'ANAGKAZOMENWI CRHSIMON, 'ALLW$ DE
'OUDAMW$ TW*I NOUN 'ECONTI PROSDEKTEON, TO TH$ FARMAKEUTIKH$
KAQARSEW$ GIGNOMENON 'IATRIKON. TA GAR NOSHMATA, "OSA MH
MEGALOU$ 'ECEI0 KINDUNOU$, 'OUK 'EREQISTEON FARMAKEIAI$. PASA
GAR SUSTASI$ NOSWN TROPON TINA THI TWN ZWIWN FUSEI PROSEOIKE0.
KAI-GAR "H TOUTWN SUNODO$ 'ECOUSA TETAGMENOU$ TOU*
BIOU GIGNETAI CRONOU$ TOU* TE GENOU$ SUMPANTO$, KAI KAQ'
"AUTO TO ZWION "EIMARMENON "EKASTON 'ECON TON BION FUETAI,
<P 89C>
CWRI$ TWN 'EX 'ANAGKH$ PAQHMATWN; TA GAR TRIGWNA 'EUQU$
KAT' 'ARCA$ "EKASTOU DUNAMIN 'ECONTA SUNISTATAI MECRI TINO$
CRONOU DUNATA 'EXARKEIN, "OU2 BION 'OUK 'AN4 POTE TI$ 'EI$ TO
PERAN 'ETI BIWIH. TROPO$ 'OUN "O 'AUTO$ KAI TH$ PERI= TA NOSHMATA
SUSTASEW$; "HN "OTAN TI$ PARA THN "EIMARMENHN TOU*
CRONOU FQEIRHI5 FARMAKEIAI$, "AMA 'EK SMIKRWN MEGALA KAI
POLLA 'EX 'OLIGWN NOSHMATA FILEI0 GIGNESQAI. DIO PAIDAGWGEIN
DEI DIAITAI$ PANTA TA TOIAUTA, KAQ' "OSON 'AN4 'HI TWI SCOLH,
<P 89D>
'ALL' 'OU FARMAKEUONTA KAKON DUSKOLON 'EREQISTEON.
KAI PERI= MEN TOU* KOINOU ZWIOU KAI TOU* KATA TO SWMA 'AUTOU4
MEROU$, "HI TI$ 'AN4 KAI DIAPAIDAGWGWN KAI DIAPAIDAGWGOUMENO$
"UF' "AUTOU MALIST' 'AN4 KATA LOGON ZWIH, TAUTHI LELECQW; TO
DE-DH PAIDAGWGHSON0 'AUTO MALLON POU-KAI PROTERON PARASKEUASTEON
'EI$ DUNAMIN "OTI2 KALLISTON KAI 'ARISTON 'EI$ THN
PAIDAGWGIAN 'EINAI. DI' 'AKRIBEIA$ MEN-'OUN PERI= TOUTWN
<P 89E>
DIELQEIN "IKANON 'AN4 GENOITO 'AUTO KAQ' "AUTO MONON 'ERGON; TO
D' 'EN PARERGWI KATA TA PROSQEN "EPOMENO$ 'AN4 TI$ 'OUK 'APO
TROPOU THIDE SKOPWN "WDE TW*I LOGWI DIAPERANAIT' 'AN4. KAQAPER
'EIPOMEN POLLAKI$, "OTI4 TRIA TRICHI YUCH$ 'EN "HMIN 'EIDH KATWIKISTAI,
TUGCANEI0 DE "EKASTON KINHSEI$ 'ECON, "OUTW KATA 'TAUTA
KAI NU*N "W$ DIA= BRACUTATWN "RHTEON "OTI4 TO MEN 'AUTWN 'EN
'ARGIA\ DIAGON KAI TWN "EAUTOU KINHSEWN "HSUCIAN 'AGON 'ASQENESTATON
'ANAGKH GIGNESQAI, TO D' 'EN GUMNASIOI$ 'ERRWMENESTATON;


<P 90A>
DIO FULAKTEON "OPW$ 'AN4 'ECWSIN TA$ KINHSEI$ PRO$
'ALLHLA SUMMETROU$. TO DE-DH PERI= TOU* KURIWTATOU PAR'
"HMIN YUCH$ 'EIDOU$ DIANOEISQAI DEI THIDE, "W$ 'A=RA 'AUTO DAIMONA
QEO$ "EKASTWI DEDWKEN0, TOUTO "O= DH FAMEN 'OIKEIN MEN
"HMWN 'EP' 'AKRWI TW*I SWMATI, PRO$ DE THN 'EN 'OURANWI SUGGENEIAN
'APO GH$ "HMA$ 'AIREIN "W$ 'ONTA$ FUTON 'OUK 'EGGEION 'ALLA= 'OURANION,
'ORQOTATA LEGONTE$; 'EKEIQEN GAR, "OQEN "H PRWTH TH$
YUCH$ GENESI$ 'EFU, TO QEION THN KEFALHN KAI "RIZAN "HMWN
<P 90B>
'ANAKREMANNUN 'ORQOI0 PAN TO SWMA. TW*I MEN-'OUN PERI= TA$
'EPIQUMIA$ 'H= PERI= FILONIKIA$ TETEUTAKOTI KAI TAUTA DIAPONOUNTI
SFO=DRA PANTA TA DOGMATA 'ANAGKH QNHTA 'EGGEGONENAI,
KAI PANTAPASIN KAQ' "OSON MALISTA DUNATON QNHTWI
GIGNESQAI, TOUTOU MHDE SMIKRON 'ELLEIPEIN, "ATE TO TOIOUTON
'HUXHKOTI; TW*I DE PERI= FILOMAQIAN KAI PERI= TA$ 'ALHQEI$
FRONHSEI$ 'ESPOUDAKOTI KAI TAUTA MALISTA TWN "AUTOU GEGUMNASMENWI
<P 90C>
FRONEIN MEN 'AQANATA KAI QEI*A, 'ANPER2 'ALHQEIA$
'EFAPTHTAI, PASA 'ANAGKH POU, KAQ' "OSON D' 'AU METASCEIN
'ANQRWPINHI FUSEI 'AQANASIA$ 'ENDECETAI, TOUTOU MHDEN MERO$
'APOLEIPEIN, "ATE DE 'AEI QERAPEUONTA TO QEION 'ECONTA TE 'AUTON
'EU KEKOSMHMENON TON DAIMONA SUNOIKON "EAUTWI, DIAFERONTW$
'EUDAIMONA 'EINAI. QERAPEIA DE-DH PANTI PANTO$ MIA, TA$
'OIKEIA$ "EKASTWI TROFA$ KAI KINHSEI$ 'APODIDONAI. TW*I D' 'EN
"HMIN QEIWI SUGGENEI$ 'EISIN KINHSEI$ "AI TOU* PANTO$ DIANOHSEI$
<P 90D>
KAI PERIFORAI; TAUTAI$ DH SUNEPOMENON "EKASTON DEI, TA$ PERI=
THN GENESIN 'EN THI KEFALHI DIEFQARMENA$ "HMWN PERIODOU$
'EXORQOUNTA DIA= TO KATAMANQANEIN TA$ TOU* PANTO$ "ARMONIA$
TE-KAI PERIFORA$, TW*I KATANOOUMENWI TO KATANOOUN 'EXOMOIWSAI0
KATA THN 'ARCAIAN FUSIN, "OMOIWSANTA DE TELO$ 'ECEIN TOU*
PROTEQENTO$ 'ANQRWPOI$ "UPO QEWN 'ARISTOU BIOU PRO$ TE TON
PARONTA KAI TON 'EPEITA CRONON.
<P 90E>
KAI-DH-KAI TA NU*N "HMIN 'EX 'ARCH$ PARAGGELQENTA DIEXELQEIN
PERI= TOU* PANTO$ MECRI GENESEW$ 'ANQRWPINH$ SCEDON
'EOIKE0 TELO$ 'ECEIN. TA GAR 'A=LLA ZWIA "HI GEGONEN0 'AU, DIA=
BRACEWN 'EPIMNHSTEON, "O= MH TI$ 'ANAGKH MHKUNEIN0; "OUTW GAR
'EMMETROTERO$ TI$ 'AN4 "AUTWI DOXEIEN PERI= TOU$ TOUTWN LOGOU$
'EINAI. THID' 'OUN TO TOIOUTON 'ESTW LEGOMENON. TWN GENOMENWN
'ANDRWN "OSOI DEILOI KAI TON BION 'ADIKW$ DIHLQON,
KATA LOGON TON 'EIKOTA GUNAIKE$ METEFUONTO 'EN THI DEUTERA\


<P 91A>
GENESEI; KAI KAT' 'EKEINON DH TON CRONON DIA= TAUTA QEOI TON
TH$ SUNOUSIA$ 'ERWTA 'ETEKTHNANTO, ZWION TO MEN 'EN "HMIN, TO
D' 'EN TAI$ GUNAIXIN SUSTHSANTE$ 'EMYUCON, TOIWIDE TROPWI
POIHSANTE$ "EKATERON. THN TOU* POTOU DIEXODON, "HI DIA= TOU*
PLEUMONO$ TO PWMA "UPO TOU$ NEFROU$ 'EI$ THN KUSTIN 'ELQON
KAI TW*I PNEUMATI QLIFQEN SUNEKPEMPEI0 DECOMENH, SUNETRHSAN
'EI$ TON 'EK TH$ KEFALH$ KATA TON 'AUCENA KAI DIA= TH$ "RACEW$
<P 91B>
MUELON SUMPEPHGOTA, "ON DH SPERMA 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN LOGOI$
'EIPOMEN; "O DE, "AT' 'EMYUCO$ 'WN KAI LABWN 'ANAPNOHN, TOUQ'
"HIPER 'ANEPNEUSEN, TH$ 'EKROH$ ZWTIKHN 'EPIQUMIAN 'EMPOIHSA$
'AUTWI, TOU* GENNAN 'ERWTA 'APETELESEN. DIO DH TWN MEN
'ANDRWN TO PERI= THN TWN 'AIDOIWN FUSIN 'APEIQE$ TE-KAI
'AUTOKRATE$ GEGONO$, "OION ZWION 'ANUPHKOON TOU* LOGOU, PANTWN
DI' 'EPIQUMIA$ 'OISTRWDEI$ 'EPICEIREI0 KRATEIN; "AI D' 'EN
<P 91C>
TAI$ GUNAIXIN 'AU MHTRAI TE-KAI "USTERAI LEGOMENAI DIA= TA
'AUTA TAUTA, ZWION 'EPIQUMHTIKON 'ENON TH$ PAIDOPOIIA$, "OTAN
'AKARPON PARA THN "WRAN CRONON POLUN GIGNHTAI, CALEPW$
'AGANAKTOUN FEREI0, KAI PLANWMENON PANTHI KATA TO SWMA,
TA$ TOU* PNEUMATO$ DIEXODOU$ 'APOFRATTON, 'ANAPNEIN 'OUK 'EWN
'EI$ 'APORIA$ TA$ 'ESCATA$ 'EMBALLEI0 KAI NOSOU$ PANTODAPA$
'ALLA$ PARECEI0, MECRIPER 'AN4 "EKATERWN "H 'EPIQUMIA KAI "O
<P 91D>
'ERW$ SUNAGAGONTE$, "OION 'APO DENDRWN KARPON KATADREYANTE$,
"W$ 'EI$ 'AROURAN THN MHTRAN 'AORATA "UPO SMIKROTHTO$ KAI
'ADIAPLASTA ZWIA KATASPEIRANTE$ KAI PALIN DIAKRINANTE$
MEGALA 'ENTO$ 'EKQREYWNTAI KAI META TOUTO 'EI$ FW$ 'AGAGONTE$
ZWIWN 'APOTELESWSI GENESIN. GUNAIKE$ MEN-'OUN-KAI TO
QHLU PAN "OUTW GEGONEN0; TO DE TWN 'ORNEWN FULON METERRUQMIZETO,
'ANTI TRICWN PTERA FUON, 'EK TWN 'AKAKWN 'ANDRWN,
KOUFWN DE, KAI METEWROLOGIKWN MEN, "HGOUMENWN DE DI' 'OYEW$
<P 91E>
TA$ PERI= TOUTWN 'APODEIXEI$ BEBAIOTATA$ 'EINAI DI' 'EUHQEIAN.
TO D' 'AU PEZON KAI QHRIWDE$ GEGONEN0 'EK TWN MHDEN PROSCRWMENWN
FILOSOFIA\ MHDE 'AQROUNTWN0 TH$ PERI= TON 'OURANON
FUSEW$ PE=RI MHDEN, DIA= TO MHKETI TAI$ 'EN THI KEFALHI CRHSQAI
PERIODOI$, 'ALLA= TOI$ PERI= TA STHQH TH$ YUCH$ "HGEMOSIN
"EPESQAI MERESIN. 'EK TOUTWN 'OUN TWN 'EPITHDEUMATWN TA T'
'EMPRO=SQIA KWLA KAI TA$ KEFALA$ 'EI$ GHN "ELKOMENA "UPO
SUGGENEIA$ 'HREISAN, PROMHKEI$ TE-KAI PANTOIA$ 'ESCON TA$


<P 92A>
KORUFA$, "OPHI SUNEQLIFQHSAN "UPO 'ARGIA$ "EKASTWN "AI PERIFORAI;
TETRAPOUN TE TO GENO$ 'AUTWN 'EK TAUTH$ 'EFUETO KAI
POLUPOUN TH$ PROFASEW$, QEOU BASEI$ "UPOTIQENTO$ PLEIOU$
TOI$ MALLON 'AFROSIN, "W$ MALLON 'EPI GHN "ELKOINTO. TOI$ D'
'AFRONESTATOI$ 'AUTWN TOUTWN KAI PANTAPASIN PRO$ GHN PAN
TO SWMA KATATEINOMENOI$ "W$ 'OUDEN 'ETI PODWN CREIA$ 'OUSH$,
'APODA 'AUTA KAI 'ILUSPWMENA 'EPI GH$ 'EGENNHSAN. TO DE
<P 92B>
TETARTON GENO$ 'ENUDRON GEGONEN0 'EK TWN MALISTA 'ANOHTOTATWN
KAI 'AMAQESTATWN, "OU$ 'OUD' 'ANAPNOH$ KAQARA$ 'ETI 'HXIWSAN
"OI METAPLATTONTE$, "W$ THN YUCHN "UPO PLHMMELEIA$
PASH$ 'AKAQARTW$ 'ECONTWN0, 'ALL' 'ANTI LEPTH$ KAI KAQARA$
'ANAPNOH$ 'AERO$ 'EI$ "UDATO$ QOLERAN KAI BAQEIAN 'EWSAN 'ANAPNEUSIN;
"OQEN 'ICQUWN 'EQNO$ KAI TO TWN 'OSTREWN SUNAPANTWN
TE "OSA 'ENUDRA GEGONEN0, DIKHN 'AMAQIA$ 'ESCATH$ 'ESCATA$ 'OIKHSEI$
<P 92C>
'EILHCOTWN. KAI KATA TAUTA DH PANTA TO=TE KAI NU*N
DIAMEIBETAI TA ZWIA 'EI$ 'ALLHLA, NOU KAI 'ANOIA$ 'APOBOLHI KAI
KTHSEI METABALLOMENA.
KAI-DH-KAI TELO$ PERI= TOU* PANTO$ NU*N 'HDH TON LOGON
"HMIN FWMEN 'ECEIN; QNHTA GAR-KAI 'AQANATA ZWIA LABWN KAI
SUMPLHRWQEI$ "ODE "O KOSMO$ "OUTW, ZWION "ORATON TA "ORATA
PERIECON, 'EIKWN TOU* NOHTOU QEO$ 'AISQHTO$, MEGISTO$ KAI
'ARISTO$ KALLISTO$ TE-KAI TELEWTATO$ GEGONEN0 "EI$ 'OURANO$
"ODE MONOGENH$ 'WN.


<B KRITIA>


<P 106A>
TI _ "W$ "ASMENO$, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OION 'EK MAKRA$ 'ANAPEPAUMENO$
"ODOU, NU*N "OUTW$ 'EK TH$ TOU* LOGOU DIAPOREIA$
'AGAPHTW$ 'APHLLAGMAI. TW*I DE PRIN MEN PALAI POT' 'ERGWI,
NU*N DE LOGOI$ 'ARTI QEWI GEGONOTI PROSEUCOMAI, TWN "RHQENTWN5
"OSA MEN 'ERRHQH METRIW$, SWTHRIAN "HMIN 'AUTON 'AUTWN
<P 106B>
DIDONAI PARA MELO$ DE 'EI TI PERI= 'AUTWN 'AKONTE$ 'EIPOMEN,
DIKHN THN PREPOUSAN 'EPITIQENAI. DIKH DE 'ORQH TON PLHMMELOUNTA
'EMMELH POIEIN; "IN' 'OUN TO LOIPON TOU$ PERI= QEWN
GENESEW$ 'ORQW$ LEGWMEN LOGOU$, FARMAKON "HMIN 'AUTON
TELEWTATON KAI 'ARISTON FARMAKWN 'EPISTHMHN 'EUCOMEQA
DIDONAI, PROSEUXAMENOI DE PARADIDOMEN KATA TA$ "OMOLOGIA$
KRITIA\ TON "EXH$ LOGON.
KRI _ 'ALL', 'W* TIMAIE, DECOMAI MEN, "WI DE-KAI SU KAT'
<P 106C>
'ARCA$ 'ECRHSW, SUGGNWMHN 'AITOUMENO$ "W$ PERI= MEGALWN
MELLWN LEGEIN, 'TAUTON KAI NU*N 'EGW TOUTO PARAITOUMAI,


<P 107A>
MEIZONW$ DE 'AUTOU4 TUCEIN 'ETI MALLON 'AXIW0 PERI= TWN MELLONTWN0
"RHQHSESQAI. KAITOI SCEDON MEN 'OIDA PARAITHSIN
'EU MALA FILOTIMON KAI TOU* DEONTO$ 'AGROIKOTERAN MELLWN
PARAITEISQAI, "RHTEON DE "OMW$. "W$ MEN-GAR 'OUK 'EU TA
PARA SOU4 LECQENTA 'EIRHTAI, TI=$ 'AN4 'EPICEIRHSEIEN 'EMFRWN
LEGEIN: "OTI4 DE TA "RHQHSOMENA PLEIONO$ SUGGNWMH$ DEITAI
CALEPW=TERA 'ONTA, TOUTO PEIRATEON PHI DIDAXAI0. PERI= QEWN
GAR, 'W* TIMAIE, LEGONTA TI PRO$ 'ANQRWPOU$ DOKEIN "IKANW$
<P 107B>
LEGEIN "RA*ION 'H= PERI= QNHTWN PRO$ "HMA$. "H GAR 'APEIRIA KAI
SFO=DRA 'AGNOIA TWN 'AKOUONTWN0 PERI= "WN 'AN4 "OUTW$ 'ECWSIN
POLLHN 'EUPORIAN PARECESQON0 TW*I MELLONTI LEGEIN TI PERI=
'AUTWN; PERI= DE-DH QEWN 'ISMEN "W$ 'ECOMEN. "INA DE SAFESTERON
"O= LEGW0 DHLWSW4, THIDE MOI SUNEPISPESQE. MIMHSIN
MEN-GAR-DH-KAI 'APEIKASIAN TA PARA PANTWN "HMWN "RHQENTA
CREWN POU GENESQAI; THN DE TWN GRAFEWN 'EIDWLOPOIIAN
PERI= TA QEI*A TE-KAI TA 'ANQRWPINA SWMATA GIGNOMENHN
<P 107C>
'IDWMEN "RA\STWNH$ TE PE=RI KAI CALEPOTHTO$ PRO$ TO TOI$
"ORWSIN4 DOKEIN 'APOCRWNTW$ MEMIMHSQAI, KAI KATOYOMEQA "OTI4
GHN MEN-KAI 'ORH KAI POTAMOU$ KAI "ULHN 'OURANON TE SUMPANTA
KAI TA PERI= 'AUTON 'ONTA KAI 'IONTA PRWTON MEN 'AGAPWMEN0
'AN2 TI$ TI KAI BRACU PRO$ "OMOIOTHTA 'AUTWN 'APOMIMEISQAI
DUNATO$ 'HI, PRO$ DE TOUTOI$, "ATE 'OUDEN 'EIDOTE$ 'AKRIBE$ PERI=
TWN TOIOUTWN, 'OUTE 'EXETAZOMEN 'OUTE 'ELEGCOMEN TA GEGRAMMENA,
<P 107D>
SKIAGRAFIA\ DE 'ASAFEI KAI 'APATHLWI CRWMEQA0 PERI=
'AUTA; TA DE "HME=TERA "OPOTAN TI$ 'EPICEIRHI5 SWMATA 'APEIKAZEIN,
'OXEW$ 'AISQANOMENOI TO PARALEIPOMENON DIA= THN 'AEI
SUNOIKON KATANOHSIN CALEPOI KRITAI GIGNOMEQA TW*I MH PASA$
PANTW$ TA$ "OMOIOTHTA$ 'APODIDONTI. 'TAUTON DH-KAI KATA
TOU$ LOGOU$ 'IDEIN DEI GIGNOMENON, "OTI4 TA MEN 'OURA=NIA KAI
QEI*A 'AGAPWMEN0 KAI SMIKRW$ 'EIKOTA LEGOMENA, TA DE QNHTA
KAI 'ANQRWPINA 'AKRIBW$ 'EXETAZOMEN. 'EK DH TOU* PARACRHMA
<P 107E>
NU*N LEGOMENA, TO PREPON 'AN2 MH DUNWMEQA PANTW$ 'APODIDONAI,
SUGGIGNWSKEIN CREWN; 'OU-GAR "W$ "RA&DIA TA QNHTA 'ALL'
"W$ CALEPA PRO$ DOXAN 'ONTA 'APEIKAZEIN DEI DIANOEISQAI.


<P 108A>
TAUTA DH BOULOMENO$ "UMA$ "UPOMNHSAI0, KAI TO TH$ SUGGNWMH$
'OUK 'ELATTON 'ALLA= MEIZON 'AITWN PERI= TWN MELLONTWN0 "RHQHSESQAI,
PANTA TAUTA 'EIRHKA, 'W* SWKRATE$. 'EI DH DIKAIW$
'AITEIN FAINOMAI THN DWREAN, "EKONTE$ DIDOTE3.
SW _ TI= D' 'OU MELLOMEN, 'W* KRITIA, DIDONAI: KAI PRO$
GE 'ETI TRITWI DEDOSQW 'TAUTON TOUTO "ERMOKRATEI PAR' "HMWN.
DHLON GAR "W$ 'OLIGON "USTERON, "OTAN 'AUTON DEHI5 LEGEIN,
<P 108B>
PARAITHSETAI KAQAPER "UMEI$; "IN' 'OUN "ETERAN 'ARCHN 'EKPORIZHTAI
KAI MH THN 'AUTHN 'ANAGKASQHI LEGEIN, "W$ "UPARCOUSH$
'AUTWI SUGGNWMH$ 'EI$ TO=TE "OUTW LEGETW. PROLEGW0 GE-MHN,
'W* FILE KRITIA, SOI4 THN TOU* QEATROU DIANOIAN, "OTI4 QAUMASTW$
"O PROTERO$ 'HUDOKIMHKEN0 'EN 'AUTWI POIHTH$, "WSTE TH$ SUGGNWMH$
DEHSEI2 TINO$ SOI4 PAMPOLLH$, 'EI MELLEI$ 'AUTA
DUNATO$ GENESQAI PARALABEIN.
ER _ 'TAUTON MHN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'KAMOI4 PARAGGELLEI$ "OPER
<P 108C>
TWIDE. 'ALLA=-GAR 'AQUMOUNTE$ 'ANDRE$ 'OUPW TROPAION 'ESTHSAN,
'W* KRITIA; PROIENAI TE-'OUN 'EPI TON LOGON 'ANDREIW$ CRH,
KAI TON PAIWNA TE-KAI TA$ MOUSA$ 'EPIKALOUMENON0 TOU$
PALAIOU$ POLITA$ 'AGAQOU$ 'ONTA$ 'ANAFAINEIN TE-KAI "UMNEIN.
KR _ 'W* FILE "ERMOKRATE$, TH$ "USTERA$ TETAGMENO$, 'EPIPROSQEN
'ECWN 'ALLON, 'ETI QARREI$. TOUTO MEN-'OUN "OION
'ESTIN, 'AUTO SOI4 TACA DHLWSEI2; PARAMUQOUMENWI D'-'OUN-KAI
<P 108D>
PARAQARRUNONTI SOI4 PEISTEON, KAI PRO$ "OI$ QEOI$ 'EIPE$ TOU$
TE 'ALLOU$ KLHTEON KAI-DH-KAI TA MALISTA MNHMOSUNHN.
SCEDON GAR TA MEGISTA "HMIN TWN LOGWN 'EN TAUTHI THI QEWI
PANT' 'ESTIN; MNHSQENTE$ GAR "IKANW$ KAI 'APAGGEILANTE$
TA POTE "RHQENTA "UPO TWN "IEREWN KAI DEURO "UPO SOLWNO$
KOMISQENTA SCEDON 'OID' "OTI4 TWIDE TW*I QEATRWI DOXOMEN TA
PROSHKONTA METRIW$ 'APOTETELEKENAI. TOUT' 'OUN 'AUT' 'HDH
DRASTEON, KAI MELLHTEON 'OUDEN 'ETI.
<P 108E>
PANTWN DH PRWTON MNHSQWMEN "OTI4 TO KEFALAION 'H*N
'ENAKISCI=LIA 'ETH, 'AF' "OU GEGONW$ 'EMHNUQH POLEMO$ TOI$ Q'
"UPER "HRAKLEIA$ STHLA$ 'EXW KATOIKOUSIN4 KAI TOI$ 'ENTO$
PASIN; "ON DEI NU*N DIAPERAINEIN. TWN MEN-'OUN "HDE "H POLI$
'ARXASA KAI PANTA TON POLEMON DIAPOLEMHSASA 'ELEGETO,
TWN D' "OI TH$ 'ATLANTIDO$ NHSOU BASILH$, "HN DH LIBUH$
KAI 'ASIA$ MEIZW NHSON 'OUSAN 'EFAMEN 'EINAI POTE, NU*N DE
"UPO SEISMWN DUSAN 'APORON PHLON TOI$ 'ENQENDE 'EKPLEOUSIN4


<P 109A>
'EPI TO PAN PELAGO$, "WSTE MHKETI POREUESQAI, KWLUTHN PARASCEIN.
TA MEN-DH POLLA 'EQNH BARBARA, KAI "OSA "ELLHNWN
'H*N GENH TO=TE, KAQ' "EKASTA "H TOU* LOGOU DIEXODO$ "OION 'ANEILLOMENH
TO PROSTUCON "EKASTACOU DHLWSEI2; TO DE 'AQHNAIWN
TE TWN TO=TE KAI TWN 'ENANTIWN, "OI$ DIEPOLEMHSAN, 'ANAGKH
KAT' 'ARCA$ DIELQEIN PRWTA, THN TE DUNAMIN "EKATERWN KAI TA$
POLITEIA$. 'AUTWN DE TOUTWN TA THIDE 'EMPROSQEN PROTIMHTEON
'EIPEIN.
<P 109B>
QEOI GAR "APASAN GHN POTE KATA TOU$ TOPOU$ DIELAGCANON %
'OU KAT' 'ERIN; 'OU-GAR 'AN4 'ORQON 'ECOI LOGON QEOU$
'AGNOEIN TA PREPONTA "EKASTOI$ "AUTWN, 'OUD' 'AU GIGNWSKONTA$
TO MALLON 'ALLOI$ PROSHKON0 TOUTO "ETEROU$ "AUTOI$ DI' 'ERIDWN
'EPICEIREIN KTASQAI % DIKH$ DH KLHROI$ TO FILON LAGCANONTE$
KATWIKIZON TA$ CWRA$, KAI KATOIKISANTE$, "OION NOMH$ POIMNIA,
KTHMATA KAI QREMMATA "EAUTWN "HMA$ 'ETREFON, PLHN 'OU SWMASI
<P 109C>
SWMATA BIAZOMENOI, KAQAPER POIMENE$ KTHNH PLHGHI NEMONTE$,
'ALL' "HI MALISTA 'EUSTROFON ZWION, 'EK PRUMNH$ 'APEUQUNONTE$,
"OION 'OIAKI PEIQOI* YUCH$ 'EFAPTOMENOI KATA THN 'AUTWN DIANOIAN,
"OUTW$ 'AGONTE$ TO QNHTON PAN 'EKUBERNWN. 'ALLOI MEN-'OUN
KAT' 'ALLOU$ TOPOU$ KLHROUCHSANTE$ QEWN 'EKEINA 'EKOSMOUN,
"HFAISTO$ DE KOINHN KAI 'AQHNA FUSIN 'ECONTE$, "AMA
MEN 'ADELFHN 'EK 'TAUTOU4 PATRO$, "AMA DE FILOSOFIA\ FILOTECNIA\
TE 'EPI TA 'AUTA 'ELQONTE$, "OUTW MIAN 'AMFW LHXIN
THNDE THN CWRAN 'EILHCATON "W$ 'OIKEIAN KAI PROSFORON 'ARETHI
<P 109D>
KAI FRONHSEI PEFUKUIAN, 'ANDRA$ DE 'AGAQOU$ 'EMPOIHSANTE$
'AUTOCQONA$ 'EPI NOUN 'EQESAN THN TH$ POLITEIA$ TAXIN; "WN
TA MEN 'ONOMATA SESWTAI, TA DE 'ERGA DIA= TA$ TWN PARALAMBANONTWN0
FQORA$ KAI TA MHKH TWN CRONWN 'HFANISQH. TO
GAR PERILEIPOMENON 'AEI GENO$, "WSPER KAI PROSQEN 'ERRHQH,
KATELEIPETO 'OREION KAI 'AGRAMMATON, TWN 'EN THI CWRA\ DUNASTWN
TA 'ONOMATA 'AKHKOO$ MONON KAI BRACEA PRO$ 'AUTOI$
TWN 'ERGWN. TA MEN-'OUN 'ONOMATA TOI$ 'EKGONOI$ 'ETIQENTO
<P 109E>
'AGAPWNTE$, TA$ DE 'ARETA$ KAI TOU$ NOMOU$ TWN 'EMPROSQEN
'OUK 'EIDOTE$, 'EI MH SKOTEINA$ PERI= "EKASTWN TINA$ 'AKOA$, 'EN
'APORIA\ DE TWN 'ANAGKAIWN 'EPI POLLA$ GENEA$ 'ONTE$ 'AUTOI


<P 110A>
KAI PAIDE$, PRO$ "OI$ 'HPOROUN TON NOUN 'ECONTE$, TOUTWN PE=RI
KAI TOU$ LOGOU$ POIOUMENOI, TWN 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN KAI PALAI
POTE GEGONOTWN 'HMELOUN. MUQOLOGIA GAR 'ANAZHTHSI$ TE
TWN PALAIWN META SCOLH$ "AM' 'EPI TA$ POLEI$ 'ERCESQON0,
"OTAN 'IDHTON TISIN 'HDH TOU* BIOU 'TANAGKAI*A KATESKEUASMENA,
PRIN DE 'OU=. TAUTHI DH TA TWN PALAIWN 'ONOMATA 'ANEU TWN
'ERGWN DIASESWTAI. LEGW0 DE 'AUTA TEKMAIROMENO$ "OTI4 KEKROPO$
TE-KAI 'ERECQEW$ KAI 'ERICQONIOU KAI 'ERUSICQONO$
<P 110B>
TWN TE 'ALLWN TA PLEISTA "OSAPER KAI QHSEW$ TWN ANW
PERI= TWN 'ONOMATWN "EKASTWN 'APOMNHMONEUETAI, TOUTWN 'EKEINOU$
TA POLLA 'EPONOMAZONTA$ TOU$ "IEREA$ SOLWN 'EFH TON
TO=TE DIHGEISQAI POLEMON, KAI TA TWN GUNAIKWN KATA TA
'AUTA. KAI-DH-KAI TO TH$ QEOU SCHMA KAI 'AGALMA, "W$ KOINA
TO=T' 'H*N TA 'EPITHDEUMATA TAI$ TE GUNAIXI KAI TOI$ 'ANDRASI
TA PERI= TON POLEMON, "OUTW KAT' 'EKEINON TON NOMON "WPLISMENHN
THN QEON 'ANAQHMA 'EINAI TOI$ TO=TE, 'ENDEIGMA "OTI4 PANQ'
<P 110C>
"OSA SUNNOMA ZWIA QHLEA KAI "OSA 'ARRENA, THN PROSHKOUSAN
'ARETHN "EKASTWI GENEI PAN KOINHI DUNATON 'EPITHDEUEIN PEFUKEN0.
'WIKEI DE-DH TO=T' 'EN THIDE THI CWRA\ TA MEN 'A=LLA 'EQNH
TWN POLITWN PERI= TA$ DHMIOURGIA$ 'ONTA KAI THN 'EK TH$ GH$
TROFHN, TO DE MACIMON "UP' 'ANDRWN QEIWN KAT' 'ARCA$ 'AFORISQEN
'WIKEI CWRI$, PANTA 'EI$ TROFHN KAI PAIDEUSIN TA
PROSHKONTA 'ECON, 'IDION MEN 'AUTWN 'OUDEI$ 'OUDEN KEKTHMENO$,
<P 110D>
"APANTA DE PANTWN KOINA NOMIZONTE$ "AUTWN, PERA DE "IKANH$
TROFH$ 'OUDEN 'AXIOUNTE$ PARA TWN 'ALLWN DECESQAI POLITWN,
KAI PANTA DH TA CQE$ LECQENTA 'EPITHDEUMATA 'EPITHDEUONTE$,
"OSA PERI= TWN "UPOTEQENTWN5 'ERRHQH FULAKWN. KAI-DH-KAI
TO PERI= TH$ CWRA$ "HMWN PIQANON KAI 'ALHQE$ 'ELEGETO, PRWTON
MEN TOU$ "OROU$ 'AUTHN 'EN TW*I TO=T' 'ECEIN 'AFWRISMENOU$ PRO$
TON 'ISQMON KAI TO KATA THN 'ALLHN 'HPEIRON MECRI TOU*
<P 110E>
KIQAIRWNO$ KAI PARNHQO$ TWN 'AKRWN, KATABAINEIN DE TOU$
"OROU$ 'EN DEXIA*I THN 'WRWPIAN 'ECONTA$, 'EN 'ARISTERA*I DE PRO$
QALATTH$ 'AFORIZONTA$ TON 'ASWPON; 'ARETHI DE PASAN GHN
"UPO TH$ 'ENQADE "UPERBALLESQAI, DIO KAI DUNATHN 'EINAI TO=TE
TREFEIN THN CWRAN STRATOPEDON POLU TWN PERI= GHN 'ARGON
'ERGWN. MEGA DE TEKMHRION 'ARETH$; TO GAR NU*N 'AUTH$ LEIYANON
'ENAMILLON 'ESTI PRO$ "HNTINOUN TW*I PAMFORON 'EUKARPON


<P 111A>
TE 'EINAI KAI TOI$ ZWIOI$ PASIN 'EUBOTON. TO=TE DE PRO$ TW*I
KALLEI KAI PAMPLHQH TAUTA 'EFEREN. PW*$ 'OUN-DH TOUTO
PISTON, KAI KATA TI= LEIYANON TH$ TO=TE GH$ 'ORQW$ 'AN4 LEGOITO:
PASA 'APO TH$ 'ALLH$ 'HPEIROU MAKRA PROTEINOUSA 'EI$
TO PELAGO$ "OION 'AKRA KEITAI; TO DH TH$ QALATTH$ 'AGGEION
PERI= 'AUTHN TUGCANEI0 PAN 'AGCIBAQE$ 'ON. POLLWN 'OUN
GEGONOTWN KAI MEGALWN KATAKLUSMWN 'EN TOI$ 'ENAKISCILIOI$
'ETESI % TOSAUTA GAR PRO$ TON NU*N 'AP' 'EKEINOU TOU* CRONOU
<P 111B>
GEGONEN0 'ETH % TO TH$ GH$ 'EN TOUTOI$ TOI$ CRONOI$ KAI PAQESIN
'EK TWN "UYHLWN 'APORREON 'OUTE CWMA, "W$ 'EN 'ALLOI$ TOPOI$,
PROCOI0 LOGOU 'AXION 'AEI TE KUKLWI PERIRREON 'EI$ BAQO$
'AFANIZETAI; LELEIPTAI DH, KAQAPER 'EN TAI$ SMIKRAI$ NHSOI$,
PRO$ TA TO=TE TA NU*N "OION NOSHSANTO$ SWMATO$ 'OSTA,
PERIERRUHKUIA$ TH$ GH$ "OSH PIEIRA KAI MALAKH, TOU* LEPTOU
SWMATO$ TH$ CWRA$ MONOU LEIFQENTO$. TO=TE DE 'AKERAIO$
<P 111C>
'OUSA TA TE 'ORH GHLOFOU$ "UYHLOU$ 'EICE, KAI TA FELLEW$
NU*N 'ONOMASQENTA PEDIA PLHRH GH$ PIEIRA$ 'EKEKTHTO, KAI
POLLHN 'EN TOI$ 'ORESIN "ULHN 'EICEN, "H$ KAI NU*N 'ETI FANERA
TEKMHRIA; TWN GAR 'ORWN 'ESTIN "A NU*N MEN 'ECEI0 MELITTAI$
MONAI$ TROFHN, CRONO$ D' 'OU PAMPOLU$ "OTE DENDRWN 'AUTOQEN
'EI$ 'OIKODOMHSEI$ TA$ MEGISTA$ 'EREYIMWN TMHQENTWN5
STEGASMAT' 'ESTIN 'ETI SA*. POLLA D' 'H*N 'A=LL'0 "H=MERA "UYHLA
DENDRA, NOMHN DE BOSKHMASIN 'AMHCANON 'EFEREN. KAI-DH-KAI
<P 111D>
TO KAT' 'ENIAUTON "UDWR 'EKARPOUT' 'EK DIO$, 'OUC "W$ NU*N
'APOLLUSA "REON 'APO YILH$ TH$ GH$ 'EI$ QALATTAN, 'ALLA=
POLLHN 'ECOUSA KAI 'EI$ 'AUTHN KATADECOMENH, THI KERAMIDI
STEGOUSHI GHI DIATAMIEUOMENH, TO KATAPOQEN 'EK TWN "UYHLWN
"UDWR 'EI$ TA KOILA 'AFIEISA KATA PANTA$ TOU$ TOPOU$ PAREICETO
'AFQONA KRHNWN KAI POTAMWN NAMATA, "WN KAI NU*N 'ETI 'EPI
TAI$ PHGAI$ PROTERON 'OUSAI$ "IERA LELEIMMENA-'ESTIN SHMEIA
"OTI4 PERI= 'AUTH$ 'ALHQH LEGETAI TA NU*N.
<P 111E>
TA MEN-'OUN TH$ 'ALLH$ CWRA$ FUSEI TE "OUTW$ 'EICE,
KAI DIEKEKOSMHTO "W$ 'EIKO$ "UPO GEWRGWN MEN 'ALHQINWN KAI
PRATTONTWN0 'AUTO TOUTO, FILOKALWN DE-KAI 'EUFUWN, GHN DE
'ARISTHN KAI "UDWR 'AFQONWTATON 'ECONTWN0 KAI "UPER TH$ GH$
"WRA$ METRIWTATA KEKRAMENA$; TO D' 'ASTU KATWIKISMENON "WD'
'H*N 'EN TW*I TO=TE CRONWI. PRWTON MEN TO TH$ 'AKROPOLEW$ 'EICE


<P 112A>
TO=TE 'OUC "W$ TA NU*N 'ECEI0. NU*N MEN-GAR MIA GENOMENH NUX
"UGRA DIAFERONTW$ GH$ 'AUTHN YILHN PERITHXASA PEPOIHKE0,
SEISMWN "AMA KAI PRO TH$ 'EPI DEUKALIWNO$ FQORA$ TRITOU
PROTERON "UDATO$ 'EXAISIOU GENOMENOU; TO DE PRIN 'EN "ETERWI
CRONWI MEGEQO$ MEN 'H*N PRO$ TON 'HRIDANON KAI TON 'ILISON
'APOBEBHKUIA KAI PERIEILHFUIA 'ENTO$ THN PU=KNA KAI TON
LUKABHTTON "ORON 'EK TOU* KATANTIKRU TH$ PUKNO$ 'ECOUSA,
GEWDH$ D' 'H*N PASA KAI PLHN 'OLIGON 'EPIPEDO$ 'ANWQEN.
<P 112B>
'WIKEITO DE TA MEN 'EXWQEN, "UP' 'AUTA TA PLAGIA 'AUTH$, "UPO
TWN DHMIOURGWN KAI TWN GEWRGWN "OSOI PLHSION 'EGEWRGOUN;
TA D' 'EPANW TO MACIMON 'AUTO KAQ' "AUTO MONON GENO$ PERI=
TO TH$ 'AQHNA$ "HFAISTOU TE "IERON KATWIKHKEIN, "OION MIA$
'OIKIA$ KHPON "ENI PERIBOLWI PROSPERIBEBLHMENOI. TA GAR
PROSBORRA 'AUTH$ 'WIKOUN 'OIKIA$ KOINA$ KAI SUSSITIA CEIMERINA
KATASKEUASAMENOI, KAI PANTA "OSA PREPONT' 'H*N THI KOINHI
<P 112C>
POLITEIA\ DI' 'OIKODOMHSEWN "UPARCEIN 'AUTWN KAI TWN "IERWN,
'ANEU CRUSOU KAI 'ARGUROU % TOUTOI$ GAR 'OUDEN 'OUDAMOSE
PROSECRWNTO, 'ALLA= TO MESON "UPERHFANIA$ KAI 'ANELEUQERIA$
METADIWKONTE$ KOSMIA$ 'WIKODOMOUNTO 'OIKHSEI$, 'EN "AI$ 'AUTOI TE-KAI
'EKGONWN 'EKGONOI KATAGHRWNTE$ 'ALLOI$ "OMOIOI$ TA$ 'AUTA$
'AEI PAREDIDOSAN % TA DE PRO$ NOTOU, KHPOU$ KAI GUMNASIA
SUSSITIA TE 'ANENTE$ "OI*A QEROU$, KATECRWNTO 'EPI TAUTA 'AUTOI$.
KRHNH D' 'H*N MIA KATA TON TH$ NU*N 'AKROPOLEW$ TOPON, "H$
<P 112D>
'APOSBESQEISH$ "UPO TWN SEISMWN TA NU*N NAMATA MIKRA KUKLWI
KATALELEIPTAI, TOI$ DE TO=TE PASIN PAREICEN 'AFQONON "REUMA,
'EUKRA$ 'OUSA PRO$ CEIMWNA TE-KAI QERO$. TOUTWI DH KATWIKOUN
TW*I SCHMATI, TWN MEN "AUTWN POLITWN FULAKE$, TWN DE 'ALLWN
"ELLHNWN "HGEMONE$ "EKONTWN, PLHQO$ DE DIAFULATTONTE$ "OTI2
MALISTA 'TAUTON "AUTWN 'EINAI PRO$ TON 'AEI CRONON 'ANDRWN
KAI GUNAIKWN, TO DUNATON POLEMEIN 'HDH KAI TO 'ETI, PERI= DUO
<P 112E>
MALISTA 'ONTA$ MURIADA$.
"OUTOI MEN-'OUN-DH TOIOUTOI TE 'ONTE$ 'AUTOI KAI TINA TOIOUTON
'AEI TROPON THN TE "AUTWN KAI THN "ELLADA DIKHI DIOIKOUNTE$,
'EPI PASAN 'EURWPHN KAI 'ASIAN KATA TE SWMATWN KALLH
KAI KATA THN TWN YUCWN PANTOIAN 'ARETHN 'ELLOGIMOI TE
'HSAN KAI 'ONOMASTOTATOI PANTWN TWN TO=TE; TA DE-DH TWN
'ANTIPOLEMHSANTWN0 'AUTOI$ "OI*A 'H*N "W$ TE 'AP' 'ARCH$ 'EGENETO,
MNHMH$ 'AN2 MH STERHQWMEN "WN 'ETI PAIDE$ 'ONTE$ 'HKOUSAMEN,
'EI$ TO MESON 'AUTA NU*N 'APODWSOMEN "UMIN TOI$ FILOI$ 'EINAI
KOINA.


<P 113A>
TO D' 'ETI BRACU PRO TOU* LOGOU DEI DHLWSAI0, MH POLLAKI$
'AKOUONTE$ "ELLHNIKA BARBARWN 'ANDRWN 'ONOMATA QAUMAZHTE;
TO GAR 'AITION 'AUTWN PEUSESQE. SOLWN, "AT' 'EPINOWN 'EI$ THN
"AUTOU POIHSIN KATACRHSASQAI TW*I LOGWI, DIAPUNQANOMENO$ THN
TWN 'ONOMATWN DUNAMIN, "HUREN TOU$ TE 'AIGUPTIOU$ TOU$ PRWTOU$
'EKEINOU$ 'AUTA GRAYAMENOU$ 'EI$ THN "AUTWN FWNHN
METENHNOCOTA$, 'AUTO$ TE 'AU PALIN "EKASTOU THN DIANOIAN 'ONOMATO$
<P 113B>
'ANALAMBANWN 'EI$ THN "HMETERAN 'AGWN FWNHN 'APEGRAFETO;
KAI TAUTA GE-DH TA GRAMMATA PARA TW*I PAPPWI T' 'H*N
KAI 'ET' 'ESTIN PAR' 'EMOI4 NU*N, DIAMEMELETHTAI TE "UP' 'EMOU4 PAIDO$
'ONTO$. 'AN2 'OUN 'AKOUHTE TOIAUTA "OI*A KAI THIDE 'ONOMATA, MHDEN
"UMIN 'ESTW QAUMA; TO GAR 'AITION 'AUTWN 'ECETE0. MAKROU DE-DH
LOGOU TOIADE TI$ 'H*N 'ARCH TO=TE.
KAQAPER 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN 'ELECQH PERI= TH$ TWN QEWN
LHXEW$, "OTI4 KATENEIMANTO GHN PASAN 'ENQA MEN MEIZOU$
<P 113C>
LHXEI$, 'ENQA DE-KAI 'ELATTOU$, "IERA QUSIA$ TE "AUTOI$ KATASKEUAZONTE$,
"OUTW DH-KAI THN NHSON POSEIDWN THN 'ATLANTIDA
LACWN 'EKGONOU$ "AUTOU KATWIKISEN 'EK QNHTH$ GUNAIKO$ GENNHSA$
'EN TINI TOPWI TOIWIDE TH$ NHSOU. PRO$ QALATTH$ MEN,
KATA DE MESON PASH$ PEDION 'H*N, "O= DH PANTWN PEDIWN
KALLISTON 'ARETHI TE "IKANON GENESQAI LEGETAI, PRO$ TW*I PEDIWI
DE 'AU KATA MESON STADIOU$ "W$ PENTHKONTA 'AFESTO$ 'H*N 'ORO$
BRACU PANTHI. TOUTWI D' 'H*N 'ENOIKO$ TWN 'EKEI KATA 'ARCA$ 'EK
<P 113D>
GH$ 'ANDRWN GEGONOTWN 'EUHNWR MEN 'ONOMA, GUNAIKI DE SUNOIKWN
LEUKIPPHI; KLEITW DE MONOGENH QUGATERA 'EGENNHSASQHN.
'HDH D' 'EI$ 'ANDRO$ "WRAN "HKOUSH$ TH$ KORH$ "H TE MHTHR
TELEUTA*I0 KAI "O PATHR, 'AUTH$ DE 'EI$ 'EPIQUMIAN POSEIDWN
'ELQWN SUMMEIGNUTAI, KAI TON GHLOFON, 'EN "WI KATWIKISTO,
POIW*N 'EUERKH PERIRRHGNUSIN0 KUKLWI, QALATTH$ GH$ TE 'ENALLAX
'ELATTOU$ MEIZOU$ TE PERI= 'ALLHLOU$ POIW*N TROCOU$, DUO MEN
GH$, QALATTH$ DE TREI$ "OION TORNEUWN 'EK MESH$ TH$ NHSOU,
<P 113E>
PANTHI 'ISON 'AFESTWTA$, "WSTE 'ABATON 'ANQRWPOI$ 'EINAI; PLOIA
GAR-KAI TO PLEIN 'OUPW TO=TE 'H*N. 'AUTO$ DE THN TE 'EN MESWI
NHSON "OI*A DH QEO$ 'EUMARW$ DIEKOSMHSEN, "UDATA MEN DITTA
"UPO GH$ 'ANW PHGAI*A KOMISA$, TO MEN QERMON, YUCRON DE 'EK
KRHNH$ 'APORREON "ETERON, TROFHN DE PANTOIAN KAI "IKANHN 'EK
TH$ GH$ 'ANADIDOU$. PAIDWN DE 'ARRENWN PENTE GENESEI$ DIDUMOU$
GENNHSAMENO$ 'EQREYATO, KAI THN NHSON THN 'ATLANTIDA
PASAN DEKA MERH KATANEIMA$ TWN MEN PRESBUTATWN TW*I PROTERWI


<P 114A>
GENOMENWI THN TE MHTRWIAN 'OIKHSIN KAI THN KUKLWI LHXIN,
PLEISTHN KAI 'ARISTHN 'OUSAN, 'APENEIME, BASILEA TE TWN 'ALLWN
KATESTHSE, TOU$ DE 'ALLOU$ 'ARCONTA$, "EKASTWI DE 'ARCHN POLLWN
'ANQRWPWN KAI TOPON POLLH$ CWRA$ 'EDWKEN. 'ONOMATA
DE PASIN 'EQETO, TW*I MEN PRESBUTATWI KAI BASILEI TOUTO "OU2
DH-KAI PASA "H NHSO$ TO TE PELAGO$ 'ESCEN 'EPWNUMIAN,
'ATLANTIKON LECQEN, "OTI4 'TOUNOM' 'H*N TW*I PRWTWI BASILEUSANTI
<P 114B>
TO=TE 'ATLA$; TW*I DE DIDUMWI MET' 'EKEINON TE GENOMENWI, LHXIN
DE 'AKRA$ TH$ NHSOU PRO$ "HRAKLEIWN STHLWN 'EILHCOTI 'EPI
TO TH$ GADEIRIKH$ NU*N CWRA$ KAT' 'EKEINON TON TOPON 'ONOMAZOMENH$,
"ELLHNISTI MEN 'EUMHLON, TO D' 'EPICWRION GADEIRON,
"OPER T' 'H*N 'EPIKLHN TAUTHI 'ONOM' 'AN74 PARASCOI. TOIN DE
DEUTEROIN GENOMENOIN TON MEN 'AMFHRH, TON DE 'EUAIMONA
'EKALESEN; TRITOI$ DE, MNHSEA MEN TW*I PROTERWI GENOMENWI,
<P 114C>
TW*I DE META TOUTON 'AUTOCQONA; TWN DE TETARTWN 'ELASIPPON
MEN TON PROTERON, MHSTORA DE TON "USTERON; 'EPI DE TOI$
PEMPTOI$ TW*I MEN 'EMPROSQEN 'AZAH$ 'ONOMA 'ETEQH, TW*I D' "USTERWI
DIAPREPH$. "OUTOI DH PANTE$ 'AUTOI TE-KAI 'EKGONOI TOUTWN
'EPI GENEA$ POLLA$ 'WIKOUN 'ARCONTE$ MEN POLLWN 'ALLWN KATA
TO PELAGO$ NHSWN, 'ETI DE, "WSPER KAI PROTERON 'ERRHQH, MECRI
TE 'AIGUPTOU KAI TURRHNIA$ TWN 'ENTO$ DEURO 'EPARCONTE$.
<P 114D>
'ATLANTO$ DH POLU MEN 'ALLO KAI TIMION GIGNETAI GENO$,
BASILEU$ DE "O PRESBUTATO$ 'AEI TW*I PRESBUTATWI TWN 'EKGONWN
PARADIDOU$ 'EPI GENEA$ POLLA$ THN BASILEIAN DIESWIZON,
PLOUTON MEN KEKTHMENOI PLHQEI TOSOUTON, "OSO$ 'OUTE PW
PROSQEN 'EN DUNASTEIAI$ TISIN BASILEWN GEGONEN0 'OUTE POTE
"USTERON GENESQAI "RA\DIO$, KATESKEUASMENA DE PANT' 'H*N 'AUTOI$
"OSA 'EN POLEI KAI "OSA KATA THN 'ALLHN CWRAN 'H*N 'ERGON KATASKEUASASQAI.
POLLA MEN-GAR DIA= THN 'ARCHN 'AUTOI$ PROSHIEIN
<P 114E>
'EXWQEN, PLEISTA DE "H NHSO$ 'AUTH PAREICETO 'EI$ TA$ TOU* BIOU
KATASKEUA$, PRWTON MEN "OSA "UPO METALLEIA$ 'ORUTTOMENA
STEREA KAI "OSA THKTA GEGONE0, KAI TO NU*N 'ONOMAZOMENON
MONON % TO=TE DE PLEON 'ONOMATO$ 'H*N TO GENO$ 'EK GH$ 'ORUTTOMENON
'OREICALKOU KATA TOPOU$ POLLOU$ TH$ NHSOU, PLHN
CRUSOU TIMIWTATON 'EN TOI$ TO=TE 'ON % KAI "OSA "ULH PRO$ TA
TEKTONWN DIAPONHMATA PARECETAI, PANTA FEROUSA 'AFQONA,
TA TE 'AU PERI= TA ZWIA "IKANW$ "H=MERA KAI 'A=GRIA TREFOUSA. KAI-DH-KAI
'ELEFANTWN 'H*N 'EN 'AUTHI GENO$ PLEISTON; NOMH GAR TOI$
TE 'ALLOI$ ZWIOI$ "OSA KAQ' "ELH KAI LIMNA$ KAI POTAMOU$, "OSA


<P 115A>
T' 'AU KAT' 'ORH KAI "OSA 'EN TOI$ PEDIOI$ NEMETAI, SUMPASIN
PARHN "ADHN, KAI TOUTWI KATA 'TAUTA TW*I ZWIWI, MEGISTWI PEFUKOTI
KAI POLUBORWTATWI. PRO$ DE TOUTOI$, "OSA 'EUWDH TREFEI0 POU
GH TA NU*N, "RIZWN 'H= CLOH$ 'H= XULWN 'H= CULWN STAKTWN 'EI=TE
'ANQWN 'H= KARPWN, 'EFEREN TE TAUTA KAI 'ETREFEN 'EU; 'ETI DE TON
"HMERON KARPON, TON TE XHRON, "O$4 "HMIN TH$ TROFH$ "ENEKA 'ESTIN,
KAI "OSOI$ CARIN TOU* SITOU PROSCRWMEQA0 % KALOUMEN0 DE 'AUTOU4
<P 115B>
TA MERH SUMPANTA 'OSPRIA % KAI TON "OSO$ XULINO$, PWMATA
KAI BRWMATA KAI 'ALEIMMATA FERWN, PAIDIA$ TE "O$4 "ENEKA
"HDONH$ TE GEGONE0 DUSQHSAURISTO$ 'AKRODRUWN KARPO$, "OSA TE
PARAMUQIA PLHSMONH$ METADO=RPIA 'AGAPHTA KAMNONTI TIQEMEN,
"APANTA TAUTA "H TO=TE POTE8 'OUSA "UF' "HLIWI NHSO$ "IERA KALA
TE-KAI QAUMASTA KAI PLHQESIN 'APEIR' 'EFEREN. TAUTA 'OUN
LAMBANONTE$ PANTA PARA TH$ GH$ KATESKEUAZONTO TA TE
<P 115C>
"IERA KAI TA$ BASILIKA$ 'OIKHSEI$ KAI TOU$ LIMENA$ KAI TA
NEWRIA KAI SUMPASAN THN 'ALLHN CWRAN, TOIA*ID' 'EN TAXEI
DIAKOSMOUNTE$.
TOU$ TH$ QALATTH$ TROCOU$, "OI=4 PERI= THN 'ARCAIAN 'HSAN
MHTROPOLIN, PRWTON MEN 'EGEFURWSAN, "ODON 'EXW KAI 'EPI TA
BASILEIA POIOUMENOI. TA DE BASILEIA 'EN TAUTHI THI TOU* QEOU
KAI TWN PROGONWN KATOIKHSEI KAT' 'ARCA$ 'EPOIHSANTO 'EUQU$,
"ETERO$ DE PAR' "ETEROU DECOMENO$, KEKOSMHMENA KOSMWN,
<P 115D>
"UPEREBALLETO 'EI$ DUNAMIN 'AEI TON 'EMPROSQEN, "EW$ 'EI$ 'EKPLHXIN
MEGEQESIN KALLESIN TE 'ERGWN 'IDEIN THN 'OIKHSIN
'APHRGASANTO. DIWRUCA MEN-GAR 'EK TH$ QALATTH$ 'ARCOMENOI
TRIPLEQRON TO PLATO$, "EKATON DE PODWN BAQO$, MHKO$
DE PENTHKONTA STADIWN, 'EPI TON 'EXWTATW TROCON SUNETRHSAN,
KAI TON 'ANAPLOUN 'EK TH$ QALATTH$ TAUTHI PRO$ 'EKEINON "W$ 'EI$
LIMENA 'EPOIHSANTO, DIELONTE$ STOMA NAUSIN TAI$ MEGISTAI$
"IKANON 'EISPLEIN. KAI-DH-KAI TOU$ TH$ GH$ TROCOU$, "OI=4 TOU$
<P 115E>
TH$ QALATTH$ DIEIRGON2, KATA TA$ GEFURA$ DIEILON "OSON MIA*I
TRIHREI DIEKPLOUN 'EI$ 'ALLHLOU$, KAI KATESTEGASAN 'ANWQEN
"WSTE TON "UPOPLOUN KATWQEN 'EINAI; TA GAR TWN TH$ GH$
TROCWN CEILH BAQO$ 'EICEN "IKANON "UPERECON TH$ QALATTH$.
'H*N DE "O MEN MEGISTO$ TWN TROCWN, 'EI$ "ON "H QALATTA
SUNETETRHTO, TRISTADIO$ TO PLATO$, "O D' "EXH$ TH$ GH$ 'ISO$
'EKEINWI; TOIN DE DEUTEROIN "O MEN "UGRO$ DUOIN STADIOIN PLATO$,
"O DE XHRO$ 'ISO$ 'AU PALIN TW*I PROSQEN "UGRWI; STADIOU DE "O


<P 116A>
PERI= 'AUTHN THN 'EN MESWI NHSON PERIQEWN. "H DE NHSO$, 'EN
"HI TA BASILEIA 'H*N, PENTE STADIWN THN DIAMETRON 'EICEN.
TAUTHN DH KUKLWI KAI TOU$ TROCOU$ KAI THN GEFURAN PLEQRIAIAN
TO PLATO$ 'OUSAN 'ENQEN KAI 'ENQEN LIQINWI PERIEBALLONTO
TEICEI, PURGOU$ KAI PULA$ 'EPI TWN GEFURWN KATA
TA$ TH$ QALATTH$ DIABASEI$ "EKASTACOSE 'EPISTHSANTE$; TON
DE LIQON 'ETEMNON "UPO TH$ NHSOU KUKLWI TH$ 'EN MESWI KAI "UPO
TWN TROCWN 'EXWQEN KAI 'ENTO$, TON MEN LEUKON, TON DE MELANA,
<P 116B>
TON DE 'ERUQRON 'ONTA, TEMNONTE$ DE "AM' 'HRGAZONTO NEWSOIKOU$
KOILOU$ DIPLOU$ 'ENTO$, KATHREFEI$ 'AUTHI THI PETRA\. KAI TWN
'OIKODOMHMATWN TA MEN "APLA, TA DE MEIGNUNTE$ TOU$ LIQOU$
POIKILA "UFAINON PAIDIA$ CARIN, "HDONHN 'AUTOI$ SUMFUTON
'APONEMONTE$; KAI TOU* MEN PERI= TON 'EXWTATW TROCON TEICOU$
CALKWI PERIELAMBANON PANTA TON PERIDROMON, "OION 'ALOIFHI
PROSCRWMENOI, TOU* D' 'ENTO$ KATTITERWI PERIETHKON, TON DE
<P 116C>
PERI= 'AUTHN THN 'AKROPOLIN 'OREICALKWI MARMARUGA$ 'ECONTI
PURWDEI$.
TA DE-DH TH$ 'AKROPOLEW$ 'ENTO$ BASILEIA KATESKEUASMENA
"WD' 'H*N. 'EN MESWI MEN "IERON "AGION 'AUTOQI TH$ TE KLEITOU$
KAI TOU* POSEIDWNO$ 'ABATON 'AFEITO, PERIBOLWI CRUSWI PERIBEBLHMENON,
TOUT' 'EN "WI KAT' 'ARCA$ 'EFITUSAN KAI 'EGENNHSAN
TO TWN DEKA BASILEIDWN GENO$; 'ENQA KAI KAT' 'ENIAUTON 'EK
PASWN TWN DEKA LHXEWN "WRAIA 'AUTOSE 'APETELOUN "IERA
'EKEINWN "EKASTWI. TOU* DE POSEIDWNO$ 'AUTOU4 NEW$ 'H*N, STADIOU
<P 116D>
MEN MHKO$, 'EURO$ DE TRIPLEQRO$, "UYO$ D' 'EPI TOUTOI$
SUMMETRON 'IDEIN, 'EIDO$ DE TI BARBARIKON 'ECONTO$. PANTA
DE 'EXWQEN PERIHLEIYAN TON NEWN 'ARGURWI, PLHN TWN 'AKRWTHRIWN,
TA DE 'AKRWTHRIA CRUSWI; TA D' 'ENTO$, THN MEN 'OROFHN
'ELEFANTINHN 'IDEIN PASAN CRUSWI KAI 'ARGURWI KAI 'OREICALKWI
PEPOIKILMENHN, TA DE 'A=LLA PANTA TWN TOICWN TE-KAI KIONWN
KAI 'EDAFOU$ 'OREICALKWI PERIELABON. CRUSA DE 'AGALMATA
'ENESTHSAN, TON MEN QEON 'EF' "ARMATO$ "ESTWTA "EX "UPOPTERWN
<P 116E>
"IPPWN "HNIOCON, 'AUTON TE "UPO MEGEQOU$ THI KORUFHI TH$ 'OROFH$
'EFAPTOMENON, NHRHIDA$ DE 'EPI DELFINWN "EKATON KUKLWI %
TOSAUTA$ GAR 'ENOMIZON 'AUTA$ "OI TO=TE 'EINAI % POLLA D' 'ENTO$
'A=LLA 'AGALMATA 'IDIWTWN 'ANAQHMATA 'ENHN. PERI= DE TON NEWN
'EXWQEN 'EIKONE$ "APANTWN "ESTASAN 'EK CRUSOU, TWN GUNAIKWN
KAI 'AUTWN "OSOI TWN DEKA 'EGEGONESAN BASILEWN, KAI POLLA
"E=TERA 'ANAQHMATA MEGALA TWN TE BASILEWN KAI 'IDIWTWN 'EX
'AUTH$ TE TH$ POLEW$ KAI TWN 'EXWQEN "OSWN 'EPHRCON. BWMO$


<P 117A>
TE-DH SUNEPOMENO$ 'H*N TO MEGEQO$ KAI TO TH$ 'ERGASIA$ TAUTHI
THI KATASKEUHI, KAI TA BASILEIA KATA TA 'AUTA PREPONTA MEN
TW*I TH$ 'ARCH$ MEGEQEI, PREPONTA DE TW*I PERI= TA "IERA KOSMWI.
TAI$ DE-DH KRHNAI$, THI TOU* YUCROU KAI THI TOU* QERMOU NAMATO$,
PLHQO$ MEN 'AFQONON 'ECOUSAI$, "HDONHI DE-KAI 'ARETHI TWN "UDATWN
PRO$ "EKATEROU THN CRHSIN QAUMASTOU PEFUKOTO$, 'ECRWNTO
PERISTHSANTE$ 'OIKODOMHSEI$ KAI DENDRWN FUTEUSEI$ PREPOUSA$
<P 117B>
"UDASI, DEXAMENA$ TE 'AU TA$ MEN "UPAIQRIOU$, TA$ DE
CEIMERINA$ TOI$ QERMOI$ LOUTROI$ "UPOSTEGOU$ PERITIQENTE$,
CWRI$ MEN BASILIKA$, CWRI$ DE 'IDIWTIKA$, 'ETI DE GUNAIXIN
'ALLA$ KAI "ETERA$ "IPPOI$ KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ "UPOZUGIOI$, TO
PROSFORON TH$ KOSMHSEW$ "EKASTOI$ 'APONEMONTE$. TO DE
'APORREON 'HGON 'EPI TO TOU* POSEIDWNO$ 'ALSO$, DENDRA PANTODAPA
KALLO$ "UYO$ TE DAIMONION "UP' 'ARETH$ TH$ GH$ 'ECONTA,
KAI 'EPI TOU$ 'EXW KUKLOU$ DI' 'OCETWN KATA TA$ GEFURA$
<P 117C>
'EPWCETEUON; "OU4 DH POLLA MEN "IERA KAI POLLWN QEWN, POLLOI
DE KHPOI KAI POLLA GUMNASIA 'EKECEIROURGHTO, TA MEN 'ANDRWN,
TA DE "IPPWN CWRI$ 'EN "EKATERA\ THI TWN TROCWN NHSWI, TA TE
'A=LLA KAI KATA MESHN THN MEIZW TWN NHSWN 'EXHIRHMENO$
"IPPODROMO$ 'H*N 'AUTOI$, STADIOU TO PLATO$ 'ECWN, TO DE MHKO$
PERI= TON KUKLON "OLON 'AFEITO 'EI$ "AMILLAN TOI$ "IPPOI$.
DORUFORIKAI DE PERI= 'AUTON 'ENQEN TE-KAI 'ENQEN 'OIKHSEI$ 'HSAN
<P 117D>
TW*I PLHQEI TWN DORUFORWN; TOI$ DE PISTOTEROI$ 'EN TW*I MIKROTERWI
TROCWI KAI PRO$ TH$ 'AKROPOLEW$ MALLON 'ONTI DIETETAKTO
"H FROURA, TOI$ DE PANTWN DIAFEROUSIN4 PRO$ PISTIN 'ENTO$
TH$ 'AKROPOLEW$ PERI= TOU$ BASILEA$ 'AUTOU$ 'HSAN 'OIKHSEI$
DEDOMENAI. TA DE NEWRIA TRIHRWN MESTA 'H*N KAI SKEUWN "OSA
TRIHRESIN PROSHKEI0, PANTA DE 'EXHRTUMENA "IKANW$. KAI TA
MEN-DH PERI= THN TWN BASILEWN 'OIKHSIN "OUTW KATESKEUASTO;
DIABANTI DE TOU$ LIMENA$ 'EXW TREI$ 'ONTA$ 'ARXAMENON 'APO
<P 117E>
TH$ QALATTH$ 'HIEIN 'EN KUKLWI TEICO$, PENTHKONTA STADIOU$
TOU* MEGISTOU TROCOU TE-KAI LIMENO$ 'APECON PANTACHI, KAI
SUNEKLEIEN 'EI$ 'TAUTON PRO$ TO TH$ DIWRUCO$ STOMA TO PRO$
QALATTH$. TOUTO DH PAN SUNWIKEITO MEN "UPO POLLWN KAI
PUKNWN 'OIKHSEWN, "O DE 'ANAPLOU$ KAI "O MEGISTO$ LIMHN
'EGEMEN PLOIWN KAI 'EMPORWN 'AFIKNOUMENWN PANTOQEN, FWNHN
KAI QORUBON PANTODAPON KTUPON TE MEQ' "HMERAN KAI DIA=
NUKTO$ "UPO PLHQOU$ PARECOMENWN.
TO MEN-'OUN 'ASTU KAI TO PERI= THN 'ARCAIAN 'OIKHSIN SCEDON
"W$ TO=T' 'ELECQH NU*N DIEMNHMONEUTAI; TH$ D' 'ALLH$ CWRA$


<P 118A>
"W$ "H FUSI$ 'EICEN KAI TO TH$ DIAKOSMHSEW$ 'EIDO$, 'APOMNHMONEUSAI0
PEIRATEON. PRWTON MEN-'OUN "O TOPO$ "APA$ 'ELEGETO
SFO=DRA TE "UYHLO$ KAI 'APOTOMO$ 'EK QALATTH$, TO DE PERI=
THN POLIN PAN PEDION, 'EKEINHN MEN PERIECON, 'AUTO DE KUKLWI
PERIECOMENON 'ORESIN MECRI PRO$ THN QALATTAN KAQEIMENOI$,
LEION KAI "OMALE$, PROMHKE$ DE PAN, 'EPI MEN QATERA TRISCILIWN
STADIWN, KATA DE MESON 'APO QALATTH$ 'ANW DISCILIWN.
<P 118B>
"O DE TOPO$ "OUTO$ "OLH$ TH$ NHSOU PRO$ NOTON 'ETETRAPTO,
'APO TWN 'ARKTWN KATABORRO$. TA DE PERI= 'AUTON 'ORH TO=TE
"UMNEITO PLHQO$ KAI MEGEQO$ KAI KALLO$ PARA PANTA TA NU*N
'ONTA GEGONENAI, POLLA$ MEN KWMA$ KAI PLOUSIA$ PERIOIKWN
'EN "EAUTOI$ 'ECONTA, POTAMOU$ DE-KAI LIMNA$ KAI LEIMWNA$
TROFHN TOI$ PASIN "HMEROI$ KAI 'AGRIOI$ "IKANHN QREMMASIN,
"ULHN DE-KAI PLHQEI KAI GENESI POIKILHN SUMPASIN TE TOI$
'ERGOI$ KAI PRO$ "EKASTA 'AFQONON. "WDE 'OUN TO PEDION FUSEI
<P 118C>
KAI "UPO BASILEWN POLLWN 'EN POLLWI CRONWI DIEPEPONHTO.
TETRAGWNON MEN 'AUQ' "UPHRCEN TA PLEIST' 'ORQON KAI PROMHKE$,
"OTI2 DE 'ENELEIPE, KATHUQUNTO TAFROU KUKLWI PERIORUCQEISH$;
TO DE BAQO$ KAI PLATO$ TO TE MHKO$ 'AUTH$ 'APISTON MEN
LECQEN, "W$ CEIROPOIHTON 'ERGON, PRO$ TOI$ 'ALLOI$ DIAPONHMASI
TOSOUTON 'EINAI, "RHTEON DE "O= GE 'HKOUSAMEN; PLEQROU
MEN-GAR BAQO$ 'ORWRUKTO, TO DE PLATO$ "APANTHI STADIOU,
<P 118D>
PERI= DE PAN TO PEDION 'ORUCQEISA SUNEBAINEN 'EINAI TO MHKO$
STADIWN MURIWN. TA D' 'EK TWN 'ORWN KATABAINONTA "UPODECOMENH
"REUMATA KAI PERI= TO PEDION KUKLWQEISA, PRO$ THN
POLIN 'ENQEN TE-KAI 'ENQEN 'AFIKOMENH, TAUTHI PRO$ QALATTAN
MEQEITO 'EKREIN. 'ANWQEN DE 'AP' 'AUTH$ TO PLATO$ MALISTA
"EKATON PODWN DIWRUCE$ 'EUQEIAI TETMHMENAI KATA TO PEDION
PALIN 'EI$ THN TAFRON THN PRO$ QALATTH$ 'AFEINTO, "ETE=RA
DE 'AF' "ETERA$ 'AUTWN STADIOU$ "EKATON 'APEICEN; "HI DH THN
<P 118E>
TE 'EK TWN 'ORWN "ULHN KATHGON 'EI$ TO 'ASTU KAI 'TALLA DE
"WRAI*A PLOIOI$ KATEKOMIZONTO, DIAPLOU$ 'EK TWN DIWRUCWN
'EI$ 'ALLHLA$ TE PLAGIA$ KAI PRO$ THN POLIN TEMONTE$. KAI
DI$ DH TOU* 'ENIAUTOU THN GHN 'EKARPOUNTO, CEIMWNO$ MEN TOI$
'EK DIO$ "UDASI CRWMENOI, QEROU$ DE "OSA GH FEREI0 TA 'EK
TWN DIWRUCWN 'EPAGONTE$ NAMATA. PLHQO$ DE, TWN MEN
'EN TW*I PEDIWI CRHSIMWN PRO$ POLEMON 'ANDRWN 'ETETAKTO TON


<P 119A>
KLHRON "EKASTON PARECEIN 'ANDRA "HGEMONA, TO DE TOU* KLHROU
MEGEQO$ 'EI$ DEKA DEKAKI$ 'H*N STADIA, MURIADE$ DE SUMPANTWN
TWN KLHRWN 'HSAN "EX; TWN D' 'EK TWN 'ORWN KAI TH$ 'ALLH$
CWRA$ 'APERANTO$ MEN 'ARIQMO$ 'ANQRWPWN 'ELEGETO, KATA
DE TOPOU$ KAI KWMA$ 'EI$ TOUTOU$ TOU$ KLHROU$ PRO$ TOU$
"HGEMONA$ "APANTE$ DIENENEMHNTO. TON 'OUN "HGEMONA 'H*N-TETAGMENON
'EI$ TON POLEMON PARECEIN "EKTON MEN "ARMATO$
POLEMISTHRIOU MORION 'EI$ MURIA "ARMATA, "IPPOU$ DE DUO KAI
<P 119B>
'ANABATA$, 'ETI DE SUNWRIDA CWRI$ DIFROU KATABATHN TE
MIKRASPIDA KAI TON 'AMFOIN MET' 'EPIBATHN TOIN "IPPOIN
"HNIOCON 'ECOUSAN, "OPLITA$ DE DUO KAI TOXOTA$ SFENDONHTA$
TE "EKATEROU$ DUO, GUMNHTA$ DE LIQOBOLOU$ KAI 'AKONTISTA$
TREI$ "EKATEROU$, NAUTA$ DE TETTARA$ 'EI$ PLHRWMA DIAKOSIWN
KAI CILIWN NEWN. TA MEN-'OUN POLEMISTHRIA "OUTW DIETETAKTO
TH$ BASILIKH$ POLEW$, TWN DE 'ENNEA 'A=LLA 'ALLW$, "A MAKRO$
'AN4 CRONO$ 'EIH LEGEIN.
<P 119C>
TA DE TWN 'ARCWN KAI TIMWN "WD' 'EICEN 'EX 'ARCH$ DIAKOSMHQENTA.
TWN DEKA BASILEWN "EI$ "EKASTO$ 'EN MEN TW*I KAQ'
"AUTON MEREI KATA THN "AUTOU POLIN TWN 'ANDRWN KAI TWN
PLEISTWN NOMWN 'HRCEN, KOLAZWN KAI 'APOKTEINU$ "ONTIN'
'EQELHSEIEN; "H DE 'EN 'ALLHLOI$ 'ARCH KAI KOINWNIA KATA 'EPISTOLA$
'H*N TA$ TOU* POSEIDWNO$, "W$ "O NOMO$ 'AUTOI$ PAREDWKEN
KAI GRAMMATA "UPO TWN PRWTWN 'EN STHLHI GEGRAMMENA
<P 119D>
'OREICALKINHI, "H=4 KATA MESHN THN NHSON 'EKEIT' 'EN "IERWI POSEIDWNO$,
"OI*4 DH DI' 'ENIAUTOU PEMPTOU, TOTE= DE 'ENALLAX "EKTOU,
SUNELEGONTO, TW*I TE 'ARTIWI KAI TW*I PERITTWI MERO$ 'ISON 'APONEMONTE$,
SULLEGOMENOI DE PERI= TE TWN KOINWN 'EBOULEUONTO
KAI 'EXHTAZON 'EI TI$ TI PARABAINOI, KAI 'EDIKAZON. "OTE DE
DIKAZEIN MELLOIEN, PISTEI$ 'ALLHLOI$ TOIASDE 'EDIDOSAN PROTERON.
'AFETWN 'ONTWN0 TAURWN 'EN TW*I TOU* POSEIDWNO$ "IERWI,
MONOI GIGNOMENOI DEKA 'ONTE$, 'EPEUXAMENOI TW*I QEWI TO KECARISMENON
<P 119E>
'AUTWI QUMA "ELEIN, 'ANEU SIDHROU XULOI$ KAI BROCOI$
'EQHREUON, "ON DE "ELOIEN TWN TAURWN, PRO$ THN STHLHN PROSAGAGONTE$
KATA KORUFHN 'AUTH$ 'ESFATTON KATA TWN GRAMMATWN.
'EN DE THI STHLHI PRO$ TOI$ NOMOI$ "ORKO$ 'H*N MEGALA$
'ARA$ 'EPEUCOMENO$ TOI$ 'APEIQOUSIN4. "OT' 'OUN KATA TOU$


<P 120A>
"AUTWN NOMOU$ QUSANTE$ KAQAGIZOIEN PANTA TOU* TAUROU TA
MELH, KRATHRA KERASANTE$ "UPER "EKASTOU QROMBON 'ENEBALLON
"AIMATO$, TO D' 'A=LL'2 'EI$ TO PUR 'EFERON, PERIKAQHRANTE$ THN
STHLHN; META DE TOUTO CRUSAI$ FIALAI$ 'EK TOU* KRATHRO$
'ARUTOMENOI, KATA TOU* PURO$ SPENDONTE$ 'EPWMNUSAN DIKASEIN
TE KATA TOU$ 'EN THI STHLHI NOMOU$ KAI KOLASEIN 'EI TI$ TI
PROTERON PARABEBHKW$-'EIH, TO TE 'AU META TOUTO MHDEN TWN
GRAMMATWN "EKONTE$ PARABHSESQAI, MHDE 'ARXEIN MHDE 'ARCONTI
<P 120B>
PEISESQAI PLHN KATA TOU$ TOU* PATRO$ 'EPITATTONTI
NOMOU$. TAUTA 'EPEUXAMENO$ "EKASTO$ 'AUTWN "AUTWI KAI TW*I
'AF' "AUTOU GENEI, PIWN KAI 'ANAQEI$ THN FIALHN 'EI$ TO "IERON
TOU* QEOU, PERI= TO DEIPNON KAI 'TANAGKAI*A DIATRIYA$, 'EPEIDH
GIGNOITO SKOTO$ KAI TO PUR 'EYUGMENON TO PERI= TA QUMATA
'EIH, PANTE$ "OUTW$ 'ENDUNTE$ "OTI2 KALLISTHN KUANHN STOLHN,
'EPI TA TWN "ORKWMOSIWN KAUMATA CAMAI KAQIZONTE$, NUKTWR,
<P 120C>
PAN TO PERI= TO "IERON 'APOSBENNUNTE$ PUR, 'EDIKAZONTO TE-KAI
'EDIKAZON 'EI TI$ TI PARABAINEIN 'AUTWN 'AITIWITO TINA;
DIKASANTE$ DE, TA DIKASQENTA, 'EPEIDH FW$ GENOITO, 'EN CRUSWI
PINAKI GRAYANTE$ META TWN STOLWN MNHMEIA 'ANETIQESAN.
NOMOI DE POLLOI MEN 'ALLOI PERI= TA GERA TWN BASILEWN
"EKASTWN 'HSAN 'IDIOI, TA DE MEGISTA, MHTE POTE "OPLA 'EP'
'ALLHLOU$ 'OISEIN BOHQHSEIN TE PANTA$, 'AN2 POU TI$ 'AUTWN
'EN TINI POLEI TO BASILIKON KATALUEIN 'EPICEIRHI5 GENO$, KOINHI
<P 120D>
DE, KAQAPER "OI PROSQEN, BOULEUOMENOI TA DOXANTA PERI=
POLEMOU KAI TWN 'ALLWN PRAXEWN, "HGEMONIAN 'APODIDONTE$
TW*I 'ATLANTIKWI GENEI. QANATOU DE TON BASILEA TWN SUGGENWN
MHDENO$ 'EINAI KURION, "ON 'AN4 MH TWN DEKA TOI$ "UPER
"HMISU DOKHI5.
TAUTHN DH TOSAUTHN KAI TOIAUTHN DUNAMIN 'EN 'EKEINOI$
TO=TE 'OUSAN TOI$ TOPOI$ "O QEO$ 'EPI TOUSDE 'AU TOU$ TOPOU$
SUNTAXA$ 'EKOMISEN 'EK TINO$ TOIASDE, "W$ LOGO$, PROFASEW$.
<P 120E>
'EPI POLLA$ MEN GENEA$, MECRIPER "H TOU* QEOU FUSI$ 'AUTOI$
'EXHRKEI, KATHKOOI TE 'HSAN TWN NOMWN KAI PRO$ TO SUGGENE$
QEION FILOFRONW$ 'EICON; TA GAR FRONHMATA 'ALHQINA KAI
PANTHI MEGALA 'EKEKTHNTO, PRA\OTHTI META FRONHSEW$ PRO$
TE TA$ 'AEI SUMBAINOUSA$ TUCA$ KAI PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ CRWMENOI,
DIO PLHN 'ARETH$ PANTA "UPERORWNTE$ MIKRA "HGOUNTO


<P 121A>
TA PARONTA KAI "RA\DIW$ 'EFERON "OION 'ACQO$ TON TOU* CRUSOU
TE-KAI TWN 'ALLWN KTHMATWN 'OGKON, 'ALL' 'OU MEQUONTE$ "UPO
TRUFH$ DIA= PLOUTON 'AKRATORE$ "AUTWN 'ONTE$ 'ESFALLONTO,
NHFONTE$ DE 'OXU KAQEWRWN "OTI4 KAI TAUTA PANTA 'EK FILIA$
TH$ KOINH$ MET' 'ARETH$ 'AUXANETAI, THI DE TOUTWN SPOUDHI KAI
TIMHI FQINEI0 TAUTA TE 'AUTA 'KAKEINH SUNAPOLLUTAI TOUTOI$.
'EK DH LOGISMOU TE TOIOUTOU KAI FUSEW$ QEIA$ PARAMENOUSH$
PANT' 'AUTOI$ 'HUXHQH "A PRIN DIHLQOMEN. 'EPEI D' "H TOU* QEOU
MEN MOIRA 'EXITHLO$ 'EGIGNETO 'EN 'AUTOI$ POLLWI TW*I QNHTWI KAI
<P 121B>
POLLAKI$ 'ANAKERANNUMENH, TO DE 'ANQRWPINON 'HQO$ 'EPEKRATEI,
TO=TE 'HDH TA PARONTA FEREIN 'ADUNATOUNTE$ 'HSCHMONOUN, KAI
TW*I DUNAMENWI MEN "ORAN 'AISCROI KATEFAINONTO, TA KALLISTA
'APO TWN TIMIWTATWN 'APOLLUNTE$, TOI$ DE 'ADUNATOUSIN4
'ALHQINON PRO$ 'EUDAIMONIAN BION "ORAN TO=TE DH MALISTA
PAGKALOI MAKARIOI TE 'EDOXAZONTO 'EINAI, PLEONEXIA$ 'ADIKOU
KAI DUNAMEW$ 'EMPIMPLAMENOI. QEO$ DE "O QEWN ZEU$ 'EN
NOMOI$ BASILEUWN, "ATE DUNAMENO$ KAQORAN TA TOIAUTA,
'ENNOHSA$ GENO$ 'EPIEIKE$ 'AQLIW$ DIATIQEMENON, DIKHN 'AUTOI$
<P 121C>
'EPIQEINAI0 BOULHQEI$, "INA GENOINTO 'EMMELESTEROI SWFRONISQENTE$,
SUNHGEIREN QEOU$ PANTA$ 'EI$ THN TIMIWTATHN 'AUTWN
'OIKHSIN, "H=4 DH KATA MESON PANTO$ TOU* KOSMOU BEBHKUIA
KAQORA*I0 PANTA "OSA GENESEW$ METEILHFEN0, KAI SUNAGEIRA$
'EI*PEN;


<B SOF>


<P 216A>
QEO ^ KATA THN CQE$ "OMOLOGIAN, 'W* SWKRATE$, "HKOMEN
'AUTOI TE KOSMIW$ KAI TONDE TINA XENON 'AGOMEN, TO MEN
GENO$ 'EX 'ELEA$, "ETAIRON DE TWN 'AMFI PARMENIDHN KAI
ZHNWNA "ETAIRWN8, MALA DE 'ANDRA FILOSOFON.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN, 'W* QEODWRE, 'OU XENON 'ALLA= TINA QEON
'AGWN KATA TON "OMHROU LOGON LELHQA$: "O$4 FHSIN 'ALLOU$
<P 216B>
TE QEOU$ TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ "OPOSOI METECOUSIN0 'AIDOU$ DIKAIA$,
KAI-DH-KAI TON XENION 'OUC "HKISTA QEON SUNOPADON GIGNOMENON
"UBREI$ TE-KAI 'EUNOMIA$ TWN 'ANQRWPWN KAQORAN. TAC'
'OUN 'AN4 KAI SOI4 TI$ "OUTO$ TWN KREITTONWN SUNEPOITO, FAULOU$
"HMA$ 'ONTA$ 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$ 'EPOYOMENO$ TE-KAI 'ELEGXWN, QEO$
'WN TI$ 'ELEGKTIKO$.
QEO ^ 'OUC "OUTO$ "O TROPO$, 'W* SWKRATE$, TOU* XENOU,
'ALLA= METRIWTERO$ TWN PERI= TA$ 'ERIDA$ 'ESPOUDAKOTWN. KAI
MOI DOKEI0 QEO$ MEN "ANHR 'OUDAMW$ 'EINAI, QEIO$ MHN; PANTA$
<P 216C>
GAR 'EGW TOU$ FILOSOFOU$ TOIOUTOU$ PROSAGOREUW0.
SW ^ KAI KALW$ GE, 'W* FILE. TOUTO MENTOI KINDUNEUEI0 TO
GENO$ 'OU POLU TI "RA*ION "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN 'EINAI DIAKRINEIN0 'H= TO
TOU* QEOU; PANU GAR "ANDRE$ "OUTOI PANTOIOI FANTAZOMENOI DIA=
THN TWN 'ALLWN 'AGNOIAN 'EPISTRWFWSI90 POLHA$9, "OI MH
PLASTW$ 'ALL' 'ONTW$ FILOSOFOI, KAQORWNTE$ "UYOQEN TON
TWN KATW BION, KAI TOI$ MEN DOKOUSIN0 'EINAI TOU* MHDENO$
TIMIOI8, TOI$ D' 'AXIOI TOU* PANTO$; KAI TOTE= MEN POLITIKOI
<P 216D>
FANTAZONTAI, TOTE= DE SOFISTAI, TOTE= D' 'ESTIN "OI$ DOXAN
PARASCOINT' 'AN4 "W$ PANTAPASIN 'ECONTE$ MANIKW$. TOU* MENTOI
XENOU "HMIN "HDEW$ 'AN4 PUNQANOIMHN, 'EI FILON 'AUTWI, TI= TAUQ'


<P 217A>
"OI PERI= TON 'EKEI TOPON "HGOUNTO KAI 'WNOMAZON.
QEO ^ TA POI*A DH:
SW ^ SOFISTHN, POLITIKON, FILOSOFON.
QEO ^ TI= DE MALISTA KAI TO POI*ON TI PERI= 'AUTWN DIAPORHQEI$
'ERESQAI DIENOHQH$:
SW ^ TODE; POTERON "EN PANTA TAUTA 'ENOMIZON 'H= DUO, 'H=
KAQAPER TA 'ONOMATA TRIA, TRIA KAI TA GENH DIAIROUMENOI
KAQ' "EN 'ONOMA GENO$8 "EKASTWI PROSHPTON:
QEO ^ 'ALL' 'OUDEI$, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, FQONO$ 'AUTWI DIELQEIN
'AUTA; 'H= PW*$, 'W* XENE, LEGWMEN:
<P 217B>
XE ^ "OUTW$, 'W* QEODWRE. FQONO$ MEN-GAR 'OUDEI$ 'OUDE
CALEPON 'EIPEIN "OTI4 GE TRI' "HGOUNTO; KAQ' "EKASTON MHN DIORISASQAI
SAFW$ TI= POT' 'ESTIN, 'OU SMIKRON 'OUDE "RA\DION 'ERGON.
QEO ^ KAI-MEN-DH KATA TUCHN GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, LOGWN
'EPELABOU PARAPLHSIWN "WN KAI PRIN "HMA$ DEUR' 'ELQEIN
DIERWTWNTE$ 'AUTON 'ETUGCANOMEN, "O DE 'TAUTA "APER PRO$ SE
NU*N KAI TO=TE 'ESKHPTETO PRO$ "HMA$; 'EPEI DIAKHKOENAI GE
FHSIN "IKANW$ KAI 'OUK 'AMNHMONEIN.
<P 217C>
SW ^ MH-TOINUN, 'W* XENE, "HMWN THN GE PRWTHN 'AITHSANTWN0
CARIN 'APARNHQEI$ GENHI4, TOSONDE D' "HMIN FRAZE. POTERON
'EIWQA$ "HDION 'AUTO$ 'EPI SAUTOU MAKRWI LOGWI DIEXIENAI LEGWN
TOUTO "O= 'AN4 'ENDEIXASQAI TWI BOULHQHI$, 'H= DI' 'ERWTHSEWN, "OION
POTE KAI PARMENIDHI CRWMENWI KAI DIEXIONTI LOGOU$ PAGKALOU$
PAREGENOMHN 'EGW NEO$ 'WN, 'EKEINOU MALA DH TO=TE 'ONTO$
PRESBUTOU:
<P 217D>
XE ^ TW*I MEN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALUPW$ TE-KAI 'EUHNIW$ PROSDIALEGOMENWI
"RA*ION "OUTW, TO PRO$ 'ALLON; 'EI DE MH, TO KAQ'
"AUTON.
SW ^ 'EXESTI TOINUN TWN PARONTWN0 "ON 'AN4 BOULHQHI$ 'EKLEXASQAI,
PANTE$ GAR "UPAKOUSONTAI SOI4 PRA\W$; SUMBOULWI
MHN 'EMOI4 CRWMENO$ TWN NEWN TINA "AIRHSHI2, QEAITHTON TONDE,
'H=-KAI TWN 'ALLWN 'EI TI$ SOI4 KATA NOUN.
XE ^ 'W* SWKRATE$, 'AIDW$ TI$ M' 'ECEI0 TO NU*N PRWTON SUGGENOMENON
"UMIN MH KATA SMIKRON 'EPO$ PRO$ 'EPO$ POIEISQAI
<P 217E>
THN SUNOUSIAN, 'ALL' 'EKTEINANTA 'APOMHKUNEIN0 LOGON SUCNON
KAT' 'EMAUTON, 'EI=TE-KAI PRO$ "ETERON, "OION 'EPIDEIXIN POIOUMENON;
TW*I GAR 'ONTI TO NU*N "RHQEN 'OUC "OSON "WDE 'ERWTHQEN
'ELPISEIEN 'AN4 'AUTO 'EINAI TI$, 'ALLA= TUGCANEI0 LOGOU PAMMHKOU$
'ON. TO DE 'AU SOI4 MH CARIZESQAI KAI TOISDE, 'ALLW$ TE KAI
SOU4 LEXANTO$ "W$ 'EIPE$, 'AXENON TI KATAFAINETAI MOI KAI


<P 218A>
'AGRION. 'EPEI QEAITHTON GE TON PROSDIALEGOMENON 'EINAI
DECOMAI PANTAPASIN 'EX "WN 'AUTO$ TE PROTERON DIEILEGMAI KAI
SU TA NU*N MOU DIAKELEUHI0.
QEAI ^ DRA TOINUN, 'W* XENE, "OUTW KAI KAQAPER 'EI*PE
SWKRATH$ PASIN KECARISMENO$-'ESHI2.
XE ^ KINDUNEUEI0 PRO$ MEN TAUTA 'OUDEN 'ETI LEKTEON 'EINAI,
QEAITHTE; PRO$ DE SE 'HDH TO META TOUTO, "W$ 'EOIKE0, GIGNOITO
'AN4 "O LOGO$. 'AN2 D'-'A=RA TI TW*I MHKEI PONWN 'ACQHI3, MH 'EME
'AITIASQAI TOUTWN, 'ALLA= TOUSDE TOU$ SOU$ "ETAIROU$.
<P 218B>
QEAI ^ 'ALL' 'OIMAI MEN-DH NU*N "OUTW$ 'OUK 'APEREIN2; 'AN2 D'-'A=RA
TI TOIOUTON GIGNHTAI, KAI TONDE PARALHYOMEQA SWKRATH,
TON SWKRATOU$ MEN "OMWNUMON, 'EMON DE "HLIKIWTHN KAI SUGGUMNASTHN,
"WI SUNDIAPONEIN MET' 'EMOU4 TA POLLA 'OUK 'AHQE$.
XE ^ 'EU LEGEI$, KAI TAUTA MEN 'IDIA\ BOULEUSHI2 PROIONTO$
TOU* LOGOU; KOINHI DE MET' 'EMOU4 SOI4 SUSKEPTEON 'ARCOMENWI
PRWTON, "W$ 'EMOI4 FAINETAI, NU*N 'APO TOU* SOFISTOU, ZHTOUNTI
<P 218C>
KAI 'EMFANIZONTI LOGWI TI= POT' 'ESTI. NU*N GAR-DH SU TE 'KAGW
TOUTOU PE=RI 'TOUNOMA MONON 'ECOMEN KOINHI, TO DE 'ERGON 'EF'
"WI KALOUMEN0 "EKATERO$ TAC' 'AN4 'IDIA\ PAR' "HMIN-'AUTOI$ 'ECOIMEN;
DEI DE 'AEI PANTO$ PE=RI TO PRAGMA 'AUTO MALLON DIA= LOGWN 'H=
'TOUNOMA MONON SUNWMOLOGHSQAI CWRI$ LOGOU. TO DE FULON
"O= NU*N 'EPINOOUMEN ZHTEIN 'OU PANTWN "RA*ISTON SULLABEIN TI=
POT' 'ESTIN, "O SOFISTH$; "OSA D' 'AU TWN MEGALWN DEI DIAPONEISQAI
KALW$, PERI= TWN TOIOUTWN DEDOKTAI PASIN KAI PALAI
<P 218D>
TO PROTERON 'EN SMIKROI$ KAI "RA\OSIN 'AUTA DEIN MELETAN, PRIN
'EN 'AUTOI$ TOI$ MEGISTOI$. NU*N 'OUN, 'W* QEAITHTE, 'EGWGE KAI
NWIN "OUTW SUMBOULEUW0, CALEPON KAI DUSQHREUTON "HGHSAMENOI$
'EINAI TO TOU* SOFISTOU GENO$ PROTERON 'EN 'ALLWI "RA\ONI THN
MEQODON 'AUTOU4 PROMELETAN, 'EI MH SU POQEN 'EUPETESTERAN
'ECEI$ 'EIPEIN 'ALLHN "ODON.
QEAI ^ 'ALL' 'OUK 'ECW0.
XE ^ BOULEI DHTA PERI= TINO$ TWN FAULWN METIONTE$
PEIRAQWMEN PARADEIGMA 'AUTO QESQAI TOU* MEIZONO$:
<P 218E>
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ TI= DHTA PROTAXAIMEQ' 'AN4 'EUGNWSTON MEN-KAI SMIKRON,
LOGON DE MHDENO$ 'ELATTONA 'ECON TWN MEIZONWN: "OION
'ASPALIEUTH$; 'A*R' 'OU PASI TE GNWRIMON KAI SPOUDH$ 'OU PANU
TI POLLH$ TINO$ 'EPAXION:
QEAI ^ "OUTW$.


<P 219A>
XE ^ MEQODON MHN 'AUTON 'ELPIZW0 KAI LOGON 'OUK 'ANEPITHDEION
"HMIN 'ECEIN PRO$ "O= BOULOMEQA.
QEAI ^ KALW$ 'AN4 'ECOI.
XE ^ FERE DH, THIDE 'ARCWMEQA 'AUTOU4. KAI MOI LEGE;
POTERON "W$ TECNITHN 'AUTON 'H= TINA 'ATECNON, 'ALLHN DE
DUNAMIN 'ECONTA QHSOMEN:
QEAI ^ "HKISTA GE 'ATECNON.
XE ^ 'ALLA=-MHN TWN GE TECNWN PASWN SCEDON 'EIDH DUO.
QEAI ^ PW*$:
XE ^ GEWRGIA MEN-KAI "OSH PERI= TO QNHTON PAN SWMA
QERAPEIA, TO TE 'AU PERI= TO SUNQETON KAI PLASTON, "O= DH
<P 219B>
SKEUO$ 'WNOMAKAMEN, "H TE MIMHTIKH, SUMPANTA TAUTA DIKAIOTAT'
'AN4 "ENI PROSAGOREUOIT' 'AN4 'ONOMATI.
QEAI ^ PW*$ KAI TI=NI:
XE ^ PAN "OPER 'AN4 MH PROTERON TI$ 'ON "USTERON 'EI$ 'OUSIAN
'AGHI5, TON MEN 'AGONTA POIEIN, TO DE 'AGOMENON POIEISQAI POU
FAMEN.
QEAI ^ 'ORQW$.
XE ^ TA DE-GE NUNDH "A7 DIHLQOMEN "APANTA 'EICEN 'EI$
TOUTO THN "AUTWN DUNAMIN.
QEAI ^ 'EICE GAR-'OUN.
XE ^ POIHTIKHN TOINUN 'AUTA SUGKEFALAIWSAMENOI
PROSEIPWMEN.
<P 219C>
QEAI ^ 'ESTW.
XE ^ TO DH MAQHMATIKON 'AU META TOUTO 'EIDO$ "OLON KAI
TO TH$ GNWRISEW$ TO TE CRHMATISTIKON KAI 'AGWNISTIKON KAI
QHREUTIKON, 'EPEIDH DHMIOURGEI0 MEN 'OUDEN TOUTWN, TA DE 'ONTA
KAI GEGONOTA TA MEN CEIROUTAI LOGOI$ KAI PRAXESI, TA DE TOI$
CEIROUMENOI$ 'OUK 'EPITREPEI0, MALIST' 'AN4 POU DIA= TAUTA SUNAPANTA
TA MERH TECNH TI$ KTHTIKH LECQEISA 'AN4 DIAPREYEIEN.
QEAI ^ NAI; PREPOI GAR 'AN4.
<P 219D>
XE ^ KTHTIKH$ DH-KAI POIHTIKH$ SUMPASWN 'OUSWN TWN
TECNWN 'EN POTERA\ THN 'ASPALIEUTIKHN, 'W* QEAITHTE, TIQWMEN:
QEAI ^ 'EN KTHTIKHI POU DHLON.
XE ^ KTHTIKH$ DE-'A*R' 'OU DUO 'EIDH: TO MEN "EKONTWN PRO$
"EKONTA$ METABLHTIKON 'ON DIA= TE DWREWN KAI MISQWSEWN KAI
'AGORASEWN, TO DE LOIPON, 'H= KAT' 'ERGA 'H= KATA LOGOU$ CEIROUMENON
SUMPAN, CEIRWTIKON 'AN4 'EIH:
QEAI ^ FAINETAI GOUN 'EK TWN 'EIRHMENWN.
XE ^ TI= DE: THN CEIRWTIKHN 'A*R' 'OU DICHI TMHTEON:
QEAI ^ PH*I:
<P 219E>
XE ^ TO MEN 'ANAFANDON "OLON 'AGWNISTIKON QENTA$, TO DE
KRUFAION 'AUTH$ PAN QHREUTIKON.
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ THN DE-GE-MHN QHREUTIKHN 'ALOGON TO MH 'OU TEMNEIN
DICHI.
QEAI ^ LEGE "OPHI.
XE ^ TO MEN 'AYUCOU GENOU$ DIELOMENOU$, TO D' 'EMYUCOU.
QEAI ^ TI= MHN: 'EIPER 'ESTON0 GE 'AMFW.


<P 220A>
XE ^ PW*$ DE 'OUK 'ESTON0: KAI DEI GE "HMA$ TO MEN
TWN 'AYUCWN, 'ANWNUMON 'ON PLHN KAT' 'ENIA TH$ KOLUMBHTIKH$
'ATTA MERH KAI TOIAUT' 'A=LLA BRACEA, CAIREIN
'EASAI0, TO DE, TWN 'EMYUCWN ZWIWN 'OUSAN QHRAN, PROSEIPEIN
ZWIOQHRIKHN.
QEAI ^ 'ESTW.
XE ^ ZWIOQHRIKH$ DE-'A*R' 'OU DIPLOUN 'EIDO$ 'AN4 LEGOITO 'EN
DIKHI, TO MEN PEZOU GENOU$, POLLOI$ 'EIDESI KAI 'ONOMASI
DIHIRHMENON, PEZOQHRIKON, TO D' "ETERON NEUSTIKOU ZWIOU PAN
'ENUGROQHRIKON:
QEAI ^ PANU GE.
<P 220B>
XE ^ NEUSTIKOU MHN TO MEN PTHNON FULON "ORWMEN0, TO DE
'ENUDRON:
QEAI ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
XE ^ KAI TOU* PTHNOU MHN GENOU$ PASA "HMIN "H QHRA
LEGETAI POU TI$ 'ORNIQEUTIKH.
QEAI ^ LEGETAI GAR-'OUN.
XE ^ TOU* DE 'ENUDROU SCEDON TO SUNOLON "ALIEUTIKH.
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ TI= DE: TAUTHN 'AU THN QHRAN 'A*R' 'OUK 'AN4 KATA
MEGISTA MERH DUO DIELOIMEN:
QEAI ^ KATA POI*A:
XE ^ KAQ' "A TO MEN "ERKESIN 'AUTOQEN POIEITAI THN QHRAN,
TO DE PLHGHI.
QEAI ^ PW*$ LEGEI$, KAI PH*I DIAIROUMENO$ "EKATERON:
<P 220C>
XE ^ TO MEN, "OTI4 PAN "OSON 'AN4 "ENEKA KWLUSEW$ 'EIRGHI5 TI
PERIECON, "ERKO$ 'EIKO$ 'ONOMAZEIN.
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ KURTOU$ DH-KAI DIKTUA KAI BROCOU$ KAI PORKOU$ KAI
TA TOIAUTA MWN 'ALLO TI PLHN "ERKH CRH PROSAGOREUEIN:
QEAI ^ 'OUDEN.
XE ^ TOUTO MEN-'A=RA "ERKOQHRIKON TH$ 'AGRA$ TO MERO$
FHSOMEN 'H= TI TOIOUTON.
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ TO DE 'AGKISTROI$ KAI TRIODOUSI PLHGHI GIGNOMENON
<P 220D>
"ETERON MEN 'EKEINOU, PLHKTIKHN DE TINA QHRAN "HMA$ PROSEIPEIN
"ENI LOGWI NU*N CREWN; 'H= TI= TI$ 'AN4, 'W* QEAITHTE, 'EIPOI
KALLION:
QEAI ^ 'AMELWMEN TOU* 'ONOMATO$; 'ARKEI0 GAR-KAI TOUTO.
XE ^ TH$ TOINUN PLHKTIKH$ TO MEN NUKTERINON 'OIMAI
PRO$ PURO$ FW$ GIGNOMENON "UP' 'AUTWN TWN PERI= THN QHRAN
PUREUTIKHN "RHQHNAI SUMBEBHKEN0.
QEAI ^ PANU GE.
XE ^ TO DE-GE MEQHMERINON, "W$ 'ECONTWN0 'EN 'AKROI$ 'AGKISTRA
KAI TWN TRIODONTWN, PAN 'AGKISTREUTIKON.
<P 220E>
QEAI ^ LEGETAI GAR-'OUN.
XE ^ TOU* TOINUN 'AGKISTREUTIKOU TH$ PLHKTIKH$ TO MEN
'ANWQEN 'EI$ TO KATW GIGNOMENON DIA= TO TOI$ TRIODOUSIN "OUTW
MALISTA CRHSQAI TRIODONTIA TI$ 'OIMAI KEKLHTAI.
QEAI ^ FASI0 GOUN TINE$.
XE ^ TO DE-GE LOIPON 'ESTIN "EN 'ETI MONON "W$ 'EIPEIN 'EIDO$.
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ TO TH$ 'ENANTIA$ TAUTHI PLHGH$, 'AGKISTRWI TE GIGNOMENON
KAI TWN 'ICQUWN 'OUC "HI TI$ 'AN4 TUCHI6 TOU* SWMATO$, "WSPER


<P 221A>
TOI$ TRIODOUSIN, 'ALLA= PERI= THN KEFALHN KAI TO STOMA TOU*
QHREUQENTO$ "EKASTOTE, KAI KATWQEN 'EI$ 'TOUNANTION 'ANW
"RABDOI$ KAI KALAMOI$ 'ANASPWMENON; "OU2 TI= FHSOMEN, 'W*
QEAITHTE, DEIN 'TOUNOMA LEGESQAI:
QEAI ^ DOKW0 MEN, "OPER 'ARTI PROUQEMEQA DEIN 'EXEUREIN,
TOUT' 'AUTO NU*N 'APOTETELESQAI.
XE ^ NU*N 'A=RA TH$ 'ASPALIEUTIKH$ PE=RI SU TE 'KAGW
<P 221B>
SUNWMOLOGHKAMEN 'OU MONON 'TOUNOMA, 'ALLA=-KAI TON LOGON
PERI= 'AUTO 'TOURGON 'EILHFAMEN "IKANW$. SUMPASH$ GAR TECNH$
TO MEN "HMISU MERO$ KTHTIKON 'H*N, KTHTIKOU DE CEIRWTIKON,
CEIRWTIKOU DE QHREUTIKON, TOU* DE QHREUTIKOU ZWIOQHRIKON,
ZWIOQHRIKOU DE 'ENUGROQHRIKON, 'ENUGROQHRIKOU DE TO KATWQEN
TMHMA "OLON "ALIEUTIKON, "ALIEUTIKH$ DE PLHKTIKON, PLHKTIKH$
DE 'AGKISTREUTIKON; TOUTOU DE TO PERI= THN KATWQEN
<P 221C>
'ANW PLHGHN 'ANASPWMENHN, 'AP' 'AUTH$ TH$ PRAXEW$ 'AFOMOIWQEN
'TOUNOMA, "H NU*N 'ASPALIEUTIKH ZHTHQEISA 'EPIKLHN
GEGONEN0.
QEAI ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN TOUTO GE "IKANW$ DEDHLWTAI.
XE ^ FERE DH, KATA TOUTO TO PARADEIGMA KAI TON SOFISTHN
'EPICEIRWMEN "EUREIN "OTI2 POT' 'ESTIN.
QEAI ^ KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ KAI-MHN 'EKEINO G' 'H*N TO ZHTHMA PRWTON, POTERON
'IDIWTHN 'H= TINA TECNHN 'ECONTA QETEON 'EINAI TON 'ASPALIEUTHN.
QEAI ^ NAI.
<P 221D>
XE ^ KAI NU*N DH TOUTON 'IDIWTHN QHSOMEN, 'W* QEAITHTE, 'H=
PANTAPASIN "W$ 'ALHQW$ SOFISTHN:
QEAI ^ 'OUDAMW$ 'IDIWTHN; MANQANW0 GAR "O= LEGEI$, "W$
PANTO$ DEI TOIOUTO$ 'EINAI TO GE 'ONOMA TOUTO 'ECWN.
XE ^ 'ALLA= TINA TECNHN 'AUTON "HMIN 'ECONTA, "W$ 'EOIKE0,
QETEON.
QEAI ^ TI=NA POT' 'OUN-DH TAUTHN:
XE ^ 'A*R' 'W* PRO$ QEWN 'HGNOHKAMEN 'TANDRO$ TON 'ANDRA
'ONTA SUGGENH:
QEAI ^ TI=NA TOU*2:
XE ^ TON 'ASPALIEUTHN TOU* SOFISTOU.
QEAI ^ PH*I:
XE ^ QHREUTA TINE KATAFAINESQON0 'AMFW MOI.
<P 221E>
QEAI ^ TI=NO$ QHRA$ "ATERO$: TON MEN-GAR "ETERON 'EIPOMEN.
XE ^ DICA POU NUNDH DIEILOMEN THN 'AGRAN PASAN, NEUSTIKOU
MEROU$, TO DE PEZOU TEMNONTE$.
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ KAI TO MEN DIHLQOMEN, "OSON PERI= TA NEUSTIKA TWN
'ENUDRWN; TO DE PEZON 'EIASAMEN 'ASCISTON, 'EIPONTE$ "OTI4
POLUEIDE$ 'EIH.


<P 222A>
QEAI ^ PANU GE.
XE ^ MECRI MEN-TOINUN 'ENTAUQA "O SOFISTH$ KAI "O8
'ASPALIEUTH$ "AMA 'APO TH$ KTHTIKH$ TECNH$ POREUESQON0.
QEAI ^ 'EOIKATON GOUN.
XE ^ 'EKTREPESQON0 DE-GE 'APO TH$ ZWIOQHRIKH$, "O MEN 'EPI
QALATTAN POU-KAI POTAMOU$ KAI LIMNA$, TA 'EN TOUTOI$ ZWIA
QHREUSOMENO$.
QEAI ^ TI= MHN:
XE ^ "O DE-GE 'EPI THN8 GHN KAI POTAMOU$ "ETEROU$ 'AU
TINA$, PLOUTOU KAI NEOTHTO$ "OION LEIMWNA$ 'AFQONOU$, 'TAN
TOUTOI$ QREMMATA CEIRWSOMENO$.
<P 222B>
QEAI ^ PW*$ LEGEI$:
XE ^ TH$ PEZH$ QHRA$ GIGNESQON0 DUO MEGISTW TINE
MEREI.
QEAI ^ POI*ON "EKATERON:
XE ^ TO MEN TWN "HMERWN, TO DE TWN 'AGRIWN.
QEAI ^ 'EI*T' 'ESTI TI$ QHRA TWN "HMERWN:
XE ^ 'EIPER GE 'ESTIN 'ANQRWPO$ "HMERON ZWION. QE$ DE "OPHI
CAIREI$, 'EI=TE MHDEN TIQEI=$ "HMERON, 'EI=TE 'ALLO MEN "HMERON TI,
TON DE 'ANQRWPON 'AGRION, 'EI=TE "HMERON MEN LEGEI$ 'AU TON
'ANQRWPON, 'ANQRWPWN DE MHDEMIAN "HGHI0 QHRAN; TOUTWN "OPO=TER'
'AN4 "HGHI3 FILON 'EIRHSQAI SOI4, TOUTO "HMIN DIORISON2.
<P 222C>
QEAI ^ 'ALL' "HMA$ TE "HMERON, 'W* XENE, "HGOUMAI ZWION,
QHRAN TE 'ANQRWPWN 'EINAI LEGW0.
XE ^ DITTHN TOINUN-KAI THN "HMEROQHRIKHN 'EIPWMEN.
QEAI ^ KATA TI= LEGONTE$:
XE ^ THN MEN LHISTIKHN KAI 'ANDRAPODISTIKHN KAI TURANNIKHN
KAI SUMPASAN THN POLEMIKHN, "EN PANTA, BIAION QHRAN,
"ORISAMENOI.
QEAI ^ KALW$.
XE ^ THN DE-GE DIKANIKHN KAI DHMHGORIKHN KAI PROSOMILHTIKHN,
"EN 'AU TO SUNOLON, PIQANOURGIKHN TINA MIAN
<P 222D>
TECNHN PROSEIPONTE$.
QEAI ^ 'ORQW$.
XE ^ TH$ DH PIQANOURGIKH$ DITTA LEGWMEN GENH.
QEAI ^ POI*A:
XE ^ TO MEN "ETERON 'IDIA\, TO DE DHMOSIA\ GIGNOMENON.
QEAI ^ GIGNESQON0 GAR-'OUN 'EIDO$ "EKATERON.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N 'AU TH$ 'IDIOQHREUTIKH$ TO MEN MISQARNHTIKON
'ESTIN, TO DE DWROFORIKON:
QEAI ^ 'OU MANQANW0.
XE ^ THI TWN 'ERWNTWN0 QHRA\ TON NOUN, "W$ 'EOIKA$, 'OUPW
PROSESCE$.
QEAI ^ TOU*2 PE=RI:
<P 222E>
XE ^ "OTI4 TOI$ QHREUQEISI DWRA PROSEPIDIDOASIN.
QEAI ^ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
XE ^ TOUTO MEN-TOINUN 'ERWTIKH$ TECNH$ 'ESTW 'EIDO$.
QEAI ^ PANU GE.
XE ^ TOU* DE-GE MISQARNHTIKOU TO MEN PROSOMILOUN DIA=
CARITO$ KAI PANTAPASI DI' "HDONH$ TO DELEAR PEPOIHMENON KAI
TON MISQON PRATTOMENON TROFHN "EAUTWI MONON KOLAKIKHN, "W$


<P 223A>
'EGWIMAI, PANTE$ FAIMEN 'AN4 'H=7 "HDUNTIKHN TINA TECNHN 'EINAI.
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
XE ^ TO DE 'EPAGGELLOMENON MEN "W$ 'ARETH$ "ENEKA TA$
"OMILIA$ POIOUMENON, MISQON DE NOMISMA PRATTOMENON, 'A*RA 'OU
TOUTO TO GENO$ "ETERWI PROSEIPEIN 'AXION 'ONOMATI:
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
XE ^ TI=NI DH TOUTWI: PEIRW5 LEGEIN.
QEAI ^ DHLON DH; TON GAR SOFISTHN MOI DOKOUMEN
'ANHURHKENAI. TOUT' 'OUN 'EGWGE 'EIPWN TO PROSHKON0 'ONOM' 'AN4
"HGOUMAI KALEIN0 'AUTON.
<P 223B>
XE ^ KATA DH TON NU*N, 'W* QEAITHTE, LOGON, "W$ 'EOIKEN0,
"H TECNH$ 'OIKEIWTIKH$, CEIRWTIKH$7, KTHTIKH$8, QHREUTIKH$,
ZWIOQHRIA$, PEZOQHRIA$8, CERSAIA$, "HMEROQHRIKH$8, 'ANQRWPOQHRIA$,
PIQANOQHRIA$7, 'IDIOQHRIA$, MISQARNIKH$8, NOMISMATOPWLIKH$,
DOXOPAIDEUTIKH$, NEWN PLOUSIWN KAI 'ENDOXWN
GIGNOMENH QHRA PROSRHTEON, "W$ "O NU*N LOGO$ "HMIN SUMBAINEI0,
SOFISTIKH.
QEAI ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
<P 223C>
XE ^ 'ETI DE-KAI THIDE 'IDWMEN; 'OU-GAR TI FAULH$ METOCON
'ESTI TECNH$ TO NU*N ZHTOUMENON, 'ALL' 'EU MALA POIKILH$. KAI-GAR-'OUN
'EN TOI$ PROSQEN 'EIRHMENOI$ FANTASMA PARECETAI MH
TOUTO "O= NU*N 'AUTO "HMEI$ FAMEN 'ALL' "ETERON 'EINAI TI GENO$.
QEAI ^ PH*I DH:
XE ^ TO TH$ KTHTIKH$ TECNH$ DIPLOUN 'H*N 'EIDO$ POU, TO
MEN QHREUTIKON MERO$ 'ECON, TO DE 'ALLAKTIKON.
QEAI ^ 'H*N GAR-'OUN.
XE ^ TH$ TOINUN 'ALLAKTIKH$ DUO 'EIDH LEGWMEN, TO MEN
DWRHTIKON, TO DE "ETERON 'AGORASTIKON:
QEAI ^ 'EIRHSQW.
XE ^ KAI-MHN 'AU FHSOMEN 'AGORASTIKHN DICHI TEMNESQAI.
<P 223D>
QEAI ^ PH*I:
XE ^ THN MEN TWN 'AUTOURGWN 'AUTOPWLIKHN DIAIROUMENHN,
THN DE TA 'ALLO=TRIA 'ERGA METABALLOMENHN METABLHTIKHN.
QEAI ^ PANU GE.
XE ^ TI= DE: TH$ METABLHTIKH$ 'OUC "H MEN KATA POLIN
'ALLAGH, SCEDON 'AUTH$ "HMISU MERO$ 'ON, KAPHLIKH
PROSAGOREUETAI:
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ TO DE-GE 'EX 'ALLH$ 'EI$ 'ALLHN POLIN DIALLATTON
'WNHI KAI PRASEI 'EMPORIKH:
QEAI ^ TI= D' 'OU=:
<P 223E>
XE ^ TH$ D' 'EMPORIKH$ 'A*R' 'OUK 'HISQHMEQA "OTI4 TO MEN "OSOI$
TO SWMA TREFETAI KAI CRHTAI0, TO DE "OSOI$ "H YUCH, PWLOUN
DIA= NOMISMATO$ 'ALLATTETAI:
QEAI ^ PW*$ TOUTO LEGEI$:
XE ^ TO PERI= THN YUCHN 'ISW$ 'AGNOOUMEN, 'EPEI TO GE
"ETERON POU SUNIEMEN.
QEAI ^ NAI.


<P 224A>
XE ^ MOUSIKHN TE-TOINUN SUNAPASAN LEGWMEN, 'EK POLEW$
"EKASTOTE 'EI$ POLIN 'ENQEN MEN 'WNHQEISAN, "ETERWSE DE 'AGOMENHN
KAI8 PIPRASKOMENHN8, KAI GRAFIKHN KAI QAUMATOPOIIKHN
KAI POLLA "E=TERA TH$ YUCH$, TA MEN PARAMUQIA$, TA DE-KAI
SPOUDH$ CARIN 'ACQENTA KAI PWLOUMENA, TON 'AGONTA KAI
PWLOUNTA MHDEN "HTTON TH$ TWN SITIWN KAI POTWN PRASEW$
'EMPORON 'ORQW$ 'AN4 LEGOMENON PARASCEIN.
QEAI ^ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
<P 224B>
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TON MAQHMATA SUNWNOUMENON POLIN TE
'EK POLEW$ NOMISMATO$ 'AMEIBONTA 'TAUTON PROSEREI$2 'ONOMA:
QEAI ^ SFO=DRA GE.
XE ^ TH$ DH YUCEMPORIKH$ TAUTH$ 'A*R' 'OU TO MEN 'EPIDEIKTIKH
DIKAIOTATA LEGOIT' 'AN4, TO DE GELOIWI MEN 'OUC "HTTON
TOU* PROSQEN, "OMW$ DE MAQHMATWN 'OUSAN PRASIN 'AUTHN
'ADELFWI TINI TH$ PRAXEW$ 'ONOMATI PROSEIPEIN 'ANAGKH:
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ TAUTH$ TOINUN TH$ MAQHMATOPWLIKH$ TO MEN PERI=
<P 224C>
TA TWN 'ALLWN TECNWN MAQHMATA "ETERWI, TO DE PERI= TO TH$
'ARETH$ 'ALLWI PROSRHTEON.
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
XE ^ TECNOPWLIKON MHN TO GE PERI= 'TALLA 'AN4 "ARMOTTOI;
TO DE PERI= TAUTA SU PROQUMHQHTI LEGEIN 'ONOMA.
QEAI ^ KAI TI= TI$ 'AN4 'ALLO 'ONOMA 'EIPWN 'OUK 'AN4 PLHMMELOIH
PLHN TO NU*N ZHTOUMENON 'AUTO 'EINAI TO SOFISTIKON
GENO$:
XE ^ 'OUDEN 'ALLO. 'IQI DH NU*N SUNAGAGWMEN 'AUTO LEGONTE$
"W$ TO TH$ KTHTIKH$, METABLHTIKH$, 'AGORASTIKH$,
<P 224D>
'EMPORIKH$, YUCEMPORIKH$ PERI= LOGOU$ KAI MAQHMATA 'ARETH$
PWLHTIKON DEUTERON 'ANEFANH SOFISTIKH.
QEAI ^ MALA GE.
XE ^ TRITON DE-G' 'OIMAI SE, 'KAN4 'EI TI$ 'AUTOU2 KAQIDRUMENO$
'EN POLEI, TA MEN 'WNOUMENO$, TA DE-KAI TEKTAINOMENO$ 'AUTO$
MAQHMATA PERI= TA 'AUTA TAUTA KAI PWLWN, 'EK TOUTOU TO ZHN
PROUTAXATO, KALEIN0 'OUDEN 'ALLO PLHN "OPER NUNDH.
QEAI ^ TI= D' 'OU MELLW3:
<P 224E>
XE ^ KAI TO KTHTIKH$ 'A=RA METABLHTIKON, 'AGORASTIKON,
KAPHLIKON 'EI=TE 'AUTOPWLIKON, 'AMFOTERW$, "OTIPER2 'AN4 'HI PERI=
TA TOIAUTA MAQHMATOPWLIKON GENO$, 'AEI SU PROSEREI$2, "W$
FAINHI0, SOFISTIKON.
QEAI ^ 'ANAGKH; TW*I GAR LOGWI DEI SUNAKOLOUQEIN.
XE ^ 'ETI DH SKOPWMEN 'EI TINI TOIWIDE PROSEOIKEN0 'A=RA TO
NU*N METADIWKOMENON GENO$.


<P 225A>
QEAI ^ POI=WI DH:
XE ^ TH$ KTHTIKH$ 'AGWNISTIKH TI MERO$ "HMIN 'H*N.
QEAI ^ 'H*N GAR-'OUN.
XE ^ 'OUK 'APO TROPOU TOINUN 'ESTI DIAIREIN 'AUTHN DICA.
QEAI ^ KAQ' "OPOI*A LEGE.
XE ^ TO MEN "AMILLHTIKON 'AUTH$ TIQENTA$, TO DE MACHTIKON.
QEAI ^ 'ESTIN.
XE ^ TH$ TOINUN MACHTIKH$ TW*I MEN SWMATI PRO$ SWMATA
GIGNOMENWI SCEDON 'EIKO$ KAI PREPON 'ONOMA LEGEIN TI TOIOUTON
TIQEMENOU$ "OION BIASTIKON.
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ TW*I DE LOGOI$ PRO$ LOGOU$ TI= TI$, 'W* QEAITHTE, 'ALLO
<P 225B>
'EIPHI6 PLHN 'AMFISBHTHTIKON:
QEAI ^ 'OUDEN.
XE ^ TO DE-GE PERI= TA$ 'AMFISBHTHSEI$ QETEON DITTON.
QEAI ^ PH*I:
XE ^ KAQ' "OSON MEN-GAR GIGNETAI MHKESI TE PRO$ 'ENANTIA
MHKH LOGWN KAI PERI= TA8 DI=KAIA KAI 'ADIKA DHMOSIA\, DIKANIKON.
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ TO D' 'EN 'IDIOI$ 'AU KAI KATAKEKERMATISMENON 'ERWTHSESI
PRO$ 'APOKRISEI$ MWN 'EIQISMEQA KALEIN0 'ALLO PLHN
'ANTILOGIKON:
QEAI ^ 'OUDEN.
XE ^ TOU* DE 'ANTILOGIKOU TO MEN "OSON PERI= TA SUMBOLAIA
<P 225C>
'AMFISBHTEITAI MEN, 'EIKHI DE-KAI 'ATECNW$ PERI= 'AUTO PRATTETAI,
TAUTA QETEON MEN 'EIDO$, 'EPEIPER 'AUTO DIEGNWKEN0 "W$
"ETERON 'ON "O LOGO$, 'ATAR 'EPWNUMIA$ 'OUQ' "UPO TWN 'EMPROSQEN
'ETUCEN 'OUTE NU*N "UF' "HMWN TUCEIN 'AXION.
QEAI ^ 'ALHQH; KATA SMIKRA GAR LIAN KAI PANTODAPA
DIHIRHTAI.
XE ^ TO DE-GE 'ENTECNON, KAI PERI= DIKAIWN 'AUTWN KAI
'ADIKWN KAI PERI= TWN 'ALLWN "OLW$ 'AMFISBHTOUN, 'A*R' 'OUK
'ERISTIKON 'AU LEGEIN 'EIQISMEQA:
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
<P 225D>
XE ^ TOU* MHN 'ERISTIKOU TO MEN CRHMATOFQORIKON, TO DE
CRHMATISTIKON 'ON TUGCANEI0.
QEAI ^ PANTAPASI GE.
XE ^ THN 'EPWNUMIAN TOINUN "HN "EKATERON DEI KALEIN0
'AUTWN PEIRAQWMEN 'EIPEIN.
QEAI ^ 'OUKOU*N CRH.
XE ^ DOKW0 MHN TO GE DI' "HDONHN TH$ PERI= TAUTA DIATRIBH$
'AMELE$ TWN 'OIKEIWN GIGNOMENON, PERI= DE THN LEXIN TOI$
POLLOI$ TWN 'AKOUONTWN0 'OU MEQ' "HDONH$ 'AKOUOMENON KALEISQAI0
KATA GNWMHN THN 'EMHN 'OUC "ETERON 'ADOLESCIKOU.
QEAI ^ LEGETAI GAR-'OUN "OUTW PW$.
<P 225E>
XE ^ TOUTOU TOINUN 'TOUNANTION, 'APO TWN 'IDIWTIKWN 'ERIDWN
CRHMATIZOMENON, 'EN TW*I MEREI SU PEIRW5 NU*N 'EIPEIN.
QEAI ^ KAI TI=7 TI$ 'AN4 'AU 'EIPWN "ETERON 'OUK 'EXAMARTOI
PLHN GE TON QAUMASTON PALIN 'EKEINON "HKEIN 'AU NU*N TETARTON
TON METADIWKOMENON "UF' "HMWN SOFISTHN:


<P 226A>
XE ^ 'OUDEN 'ALL'-'H= TO CRHMATISTIKON GENO$, "W$ 'EOIKEN0,
'ERISTIKH$ 'ON TECNH$, TH$ 'ANTILOGIKH$, TH$ 'AMFISBHTHTIKH$,
TH$ MACHTIKH$, TH$ 'AGWNISTIKH$, TH$ KTHTIKH$ 'ESTIN, "W$
"O LOGO$ 'AU MEMHNUKE0 NU*N, "O SOFISTH$.
QEAI ^ KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ "ORA*I$0 'OUN "W$ 'ALHQH LEGETAI TO POIKILON 'EINAI TOUTO
TO QHRION KAI TO LEGOMENON 'OU THI "ETERA\ LHPTON:
QEAI ^ 'OUKOU*N 'AMFOIN CRH.
<P 226B>
XE ^ CRH GAR-'OUN, KAI KATA DUNAMIN GE "OUTW POIHTEON,
TOIONDE TI METAQEONTA$ 'ICNO$ 'AUTOU4. KAI MOI LEGE; TWN
'OIKETIKWN 'ONOMATWN KALOUMEN0 'ATTA POU:
QEAI ^ KAI POLLA; 'ATAR POI*A DH TWN POLLWN PUNQANHI0:
XE ^ TA TOIADE, "OION DIHQEIN TE LEGOMEN KAI DIATTAN KAI
BRATTEIN KAI DIAKRINEIN880
QEAI ^ TI= MHN:
XE ^ KAI PRO$ GE TOUTOI$ 'ETI XAINEIN, KATAGEIN, KERKIZEIN,
KAI MURIA 'EN TAI$ TECNAI$ 'A=LLA TOIAUTA 'ENONTA 'EPISTAMEQA0.
'H*-GAR:
<P 226C>
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON 'AUTWN PE=RI BOULHQEI$ DHLWSAI0 PARADEIGMATA
PROQEI$ TAUTA KATA PANTWN 'HROU:
XE ^ DIAIRETIKA POU TA LECQENTA 'EIRHTAI SUMPANTA.
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ KATA TON 'EMON TOINUN LOGON "W$ PERI= TAUTA MIAN
'OUSAN 'EN "APASI TECNHN "ENO$ 'ONOMATO$ 'AXIWSOMEN 'AUTHN.
QEAI ^ TI=NA PROSEIPONTE$:
XE ^ DIAKRITIKHN.
QEAI ^ 'ESTW.
XE ^ SKOPEI5 DH TAUTH$ 'AU DUO 'AN2 PHI DUNWMEQA KATIDEIN
'EIDH.
QEAI ^ TACEIAN "W$ 'EMOI4 SKEYIN 'EPITATTEI$.
<P 226D>
XE ^ KAI-MHN 'EN GE TAI$ 'EIRHMENAI$ DIAKRISESI TO MEN
CEIRON 'APO BELTIONO$ 'APOCWRIZEIN 'H*N20, TO D' "OMOION 'AF'
"OMOIOU.
QEAI ^ SCEDON "OUTW NU*N LECQEN FAINETAI.
XE ^ TH$ MEN-TOINUN 'ONOMA 'OUK 'ECW0 LEGOMENON; TH$ DE
KATALEIPOUSH$ MEN TO BELTION DIAKRISEW$, TO DE CEIRON
'APOBALLOUSH$ 'ECW0.
QEAI ^ LEGE TI=.
XE ^ PASA "H TOIAUTH DIAKRISI$, "W$ 'EGW SUNNOW0, LEGETAI
PARA PANTWN KAQARMO$ TI$.
QEAI ^ LEGETAI GAR-'OUN.
<P 226E>
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N TO GE KAQARTIKON 'EIDO$ 'AU DIPLOUN 'ON PA$
'AN4 'IDOI:
QEAI ^ NAI, KATA SCOLHN GE 'ISW$; 'OU-MHN 'EGWGE
KAQORW0 NU*N.
XE ^ KAI-MHN TA GE PERI= TA SWMATA POLLA 'EIDH KAQARSEWN
"ENI PERILABEIN 'ONOMATI PROSHKEI0.
QEAI ^ POI*A KAI TI=NI:
XE ^ TA TE TWN ZWIWN, "OSA 'ENTO$ SWMATWN "UPO GUMNASTIKH$


<P 227A>
'IATRIKH$ TE 'ORQW$ DIAKRINOMENA KAQAIRETAI KAI PERI=
'TAKTO$, 'EIPEIN MEN FAULA, "OSA BALANEUTIKH PARECETAI; KAI
TWN 'AYUCWN SWMATWN, "WN GNAFEUTIKH KAI SUMPASA KOSMHTIKH
THN 'EPIMELEIAN PARECOMENH KATA SMIKRA POLLA KAI
GELOI*A DOKOUNTA 'ONOMATA 'ESCEN.
QEAI ^ MALA GE.
XE ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN, 'W* QEAITHTE. 'ALLA=-GAR THI
TWN LOGWN MEQODWI SPOGGISTIKH$ 'H= FARMAKOPOSIA$ 'OUDEN
"HTTON 'OUDE TI MALLON TUGCANEI0 MELON 'EI TO MEN SMIKRA, TO
DE MEGALA "HMA$ 'WFELEI0 KAQAIRON. TOU* KTHSASQAI GAR
<P 227B>
"ENEKA NOUN PASWN TECNWN TO SUGGENE$ KAI TO MH SUGGENE$
KATANOEIN PEIRWMENH TIMA*I0 PRO$ TOUTO 'EX 'ISOU PASA$, KAI
QATERA TWN "ETERWN KATA THN "OMOIOTHTA 'OUDEN "HGEITAI GELOIO=TERA,
SEMNOTERON DE TI TON DIA= STRATHGIKH$ 'H= FQEIRISTIKH$
DHLOUNTA QHREUTIKHN 'OUDEN NENOMIKEN0, 'ALL' "W$ TO POLU
CAUNOTERON. KAI-DH-KAI NU*N, "OPER 'HROU, TI= PROSEROUMEN2 'ONOMA
SUMPASA$ DUNAMEI$ "OSAI SWMA 'EI=TE 'EMYUCON 'EI=TE 'AYUCON
<P 227C>
'EILHCASI KAQAIREIN, 'OUDEN 'AUTHI DIOISEI2 POI*ON TI LECQEN
'EUPREPESTATON 'EINAI DOXEI2; MONON 'ECETW CWRI$ TWN TH$
YUCH$ KAQARSEWN PANTA SUNDHSAN "OSA 'ALLO TI KAQAIREI0.
TON GAR PERI= THN DIANOIAN KAQARMON 'APO TWN 'ALLWN 'EPIKECEIRHKEN0
'AFORISASQAI TA NU*N 'EI GE "OPER BOULETAI
MANQANOMEN.
QEAI ^ 'ALLA= MEMAQHKA, KAI SUGCWRW0 DUO MEN 'EIDH
KAQARSEW$, "EN DE TO PERI= THN YUCHN 'EIDO$ 'EINAI, TOU* PERI=
TO SWMA CWRI$ 'ON.
XE ^ PANTWN KALLISTA. KAI MOI TO META TOUTO 'EPAKOUE
<P 227D>
PEIRWMENO$ 'AU TO LECQEN DICHI TEMNEIN.
QEAI ^ KAQ' "OPOI*' 'AN4 "UFHGHI3 PEIRASOMAI SOI4
SUNTEMNEIN.
XE ^ PONHRIAN "ETERON 'ARETH$ 'EN YUCHI LEGOMEN TI:
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
XE ^ KAI-MHN KAQARMO$ G' 'H*N TO LEIPEIN MEN QATERON,
'EKBALLEIN DE "OSON 'AN4 'HI POU TI FLAURON.
QEAI ^ 'H*N GAR-'OUN.
XE ^ KAI YUCH$ 'A=RA, KAQ' "OSON 'AN4 "EURISKWMEN KAKIA$
'AFAIRESIN TINA, KAQARMON 'AUTON LEGONTE$ 'EN MELEI
FQEGXOMEQA.
QEAI ^ KAI MALA GE.
XE ^ DUO MEN 'EIDH KAKIA$ PERI= YUCHN "RHTEON.
QEAI ^ POI*A:


<P 228A>
XE ^ TO MEN "OION NOSON 'EN SWMATI, TO D' "OION 'AISCO$
'EGGIGNOMENON.
QEAI ^ 'OUK 'EMAQON.
XE ^ NOSON 'ISW$ KAI STASIN 'OU 'TAUTON NENOMIKA$:
QEAI ^ 'OUD' 'AU PRO$ TOUTO 'ECW0 TI= CRH ME
'APOKRINASQAI.
XE ^ POTERON 'ALLO TI STASIN "HGOUMENO$ 'H= THN TOU* FUSEI
SUGGENOU$ 'EK TINO$ DIAFQORA$ DIAFORAN:
QEAI ^ 'OUDEN.
XE ^ 'ALL' 'AISCO$ 'ALLO TI PLHN TO TH$ 'AMETRIA$ PANTACOU
DUSEIDE$ 'ENON GENO$:
<P 228B>
QEAI ^ 'OUDAMW$ 'ALLO.
XE ^ TI= DE: 'EN YUCHI DOXA$ 'EPIQUMIAI$ KAI QUMON "HDONAI$
KAI LOGON LUPAI$ KAI PANTA 'ALLHLOI$ TAUTA TWN FLAURW$
'ECONTWN0 'OUK 'HISQHMEQA DIAFEROMENA:
QEAI ^ KAI SFO=DRA GE.
XE ^ SUGGENH GE-MHN 'EX 'ANAGKH$ SUMPANTA GEGONEN0.
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
XE ^ STASIN 'A=RA-KAI NOSON TH$ YUCH$ PONHRIAN LEGONTE$
'ORQW$ 'EROUMEN2.
QEAI ^ 'ORQOTATA MEN-'OUN.
<P 228C>
XE ^ TI= D': "OS' 'AN74 KINHSEW$ METASCONTA KAI SKOPON
TINA QEMENA PEIRWMENA TOUTOU TUGCANEIN KAQ' "EKASTHN "ORMHN
PARAFORA 'AUTOU4 GIGNHTAI KAI 'APOTUGCANHI5, POTERON 'AUTA
FHSOMEN "UPO SUMMETRIA$ TH$ PRO$ 'ALLHLA 'H= 'TOUNANTION
"UPO 'AMETRIA$ 'AUTA PASCEIN:
QEAI ^ DHLON "W$ "UPO 'AMETRIA$.
XE ^ 'ALLA=-MHN YUCHN GE 'ISMEN 'AKOUSAN PASAN PAN
'AGNOOUSAN.
QEAI ^ SFO=DRA GE.
XE ^ TO GE-MHN 'AGNOEIN 'ESTIN 'EP' 'ALHQEIAN "ORMWMENH$
<P 228D>
YUCH$, PARAFOROU SUNESEW$ GIGNOMENH$, 'OUDEN 'ALLO PLHN
PARAFROSUNH.
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ YUCHN 'A=RA 'ANOHTON 'AISCRAN KAI 'AMETRON QETEON.
QEAI ^ 'EOIKEN0.
XE ^ 'ESTI DH DUO TAUTA, "W$ FAINETAI, KAKWN 'EN 'AUTHI
GENH, TO MEN PONHRIA KALOUMENON0 "UPO TWN POLLWN, NOSO$
'AUTH$ SAFESTATA 'ON.
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ TO DE-GE 'AGNOIAN MEN KALOUSI0, KAKIAN DE 'AUTO 'EN
YUCHI MONON GIGNOMENON 'OUK 'EQELOUSIN0 "OMOLOGEIN.
<P 228E>
QEAI ^ KOMIDHI SUGCWRHTEON, "O= NUNDH LEXANTO$ 'HMFEGNOHSA
SOU4, TO DUO 'EINAI GENH KAKIA$ 'EN YUCHI, KAI DEILIAN
MEN-KAI 'AKOLASIAN KAI 'ADIKIAN SUMPANTA "HGHTEON NOSON 'EN
"HMIN, TO DE TH$ POLLH$ KAI PANTODAPH$ 'AGNOIA$ PAQO$
'AISCO$ QETEON.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EN GE SWMATI PERI= DUO PAQHMATE TOUTW DUO
TECNA TINE 'EGENESQHN:
QEAI ^ TI=NE TOUTW:


<P 229A>
XE ^ PERI= MEN 'AISCO$ GUMNASTIKH, PERI= DE NOSON 'IATRIKH.
QEAI ^ FAINESQON0.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI PERI= MEN "UBRIN KAI 'ADIKIAN KAI DEILIAN
"H KOLASTIKH PEFUKE0 TECNWN MALISTA DH PASWN PROSHKOUSA
DIKHI.
QEAI ^ TO GOUN 'EIKO$, "W$ 'EIPEIN KATA THN 'ANQRWPINHN
DOXAN.
XE ^ TI= DE: PERI= SUMPASAN 'AGNOIAN MWN 'ALLHN TINA 'H=
DIDASKALIKHN 'ORQOTERON 'EIPOI TI$ 'AN4:
QEAI ^ 'OUDEMIAN.
<P 229B>
XE ^ FERE DH; DIDASKALIKH$ DE-'A*RA "EN MONON GENO$
FATEON 'EINAI8 'H= PLEIW, DUO DE TINE 'AUTH$ 'EINAI MEGISTW:
SKOPEI5.
QEAI ^ SKOPW0.
XE ^ KAI MOI DOKOUMEN THIDE 'AN4 PHI TACISTA "EUREIN.
QEAI ^ PH*I:
XE ^ THN 'AGNOIAN 'IDONTE$ 'EI PHI KATA MESON "AUTH$ TOMHN
'ECEI0 TINA. DIPLH GAR "AU=TH GIGNOMENH DHLON "OTI4 KAI THN
DIDASKALIKHN DUO 'ANAGKAZEI0 MORIA 'ECEIN, "EN 'EF' "ENI GENEI8
TWN "AUTH$ "EKATERWI.
QEAI ^ TI= 'OUN: KATAFANE$ PHI SOI4 TO NU*N ZHTOUMENON:
<P 229C>
XE ^ 'AGNOIA$ GOUN MEGA TI MOI DOKW0 KAI CALEPON 'AFWRISMENON
"ORAN 'EIDO$, PASI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ 'AUTH$ 'ANTISTAQMON
MERESIN.
QEAI ^ POI*ON DH:
XE ^ TO MH KATEIDOTA TI DOKEIN 'EIDENAI; DI' "OU2 KINDUNEUEI0
PANTA "OSA DIANOIA\ SFALLOMEQA GIGNESQAI PASIN.
QEAI ^ 'ALHQH.
XE ^ KAI-DH-KAI TOUTWI GE 'OIMAI MONWI TH$ 'AGNOIA$
'AMAQIAN 'TOUNOMA PROSRHQHNAI.
QEAI ^ PANU GE.
SE ^ TI= DE-DH TW*I TH$ DIDASKALIKH$ 'A=RA MEREI TW*I TOUTO
'APALLATTONTI LEKTEON:
<P 229D>
QEAI ^ 'OIMAI MEN-'OUN8, 'W* XENE, TO MEN 'ALLO DHMIOURGIKA$
DIDASKALIA$, TOUTO DE 'ENQADE GE PAIDEIAN DI' "HMWN
KEKLHSQAI.
XE ^ KAI-GAR SCEDON, 'W* QEAITHTE, 'EN PASIN "ELLHSIN.
'ALLA=-GAR "HMIN 'ETI KAI TOUTO SKEPTEON, 'A*R' 'ATOMON 'HDH 'ESTI
PAN 'H= TINA 'ECON DIAIRESIN 'AXIAN 'EPWNUMIA$.
QEAI ^ 'OUKOU*N CRH SKOPEIN.
XE ^ DOKEI0 TOINUN MOI KAI TOUTO 'ETI PHI SCIZESQAI.
QEAI ^ KATA TI=:
<P 229E>
XE ^ TH$ 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$ DIDASKALIKH$ "H MEN TRACUTE=RA
TI$ 'EOIKEN0 "ODO$ 'EINAI, TO D' "ETERON 'AUTH$ MORION LEIOTERON.
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON DH TOUTWN "EKATERON LEGOMEN:
XE ^ TO MEN 'ARCAIOPREPE$ TI PATRION, "WI PRO$ TOU$ "UEI$
MALIST' 'ECRWNTO TE-KAI 'ETI POLLOI CRWNTAI0 TA NU*N "OTAN


<P 230A>
'AUTOI$ 'EXAMARTANWSI TI, TA MEN CALEPAINONTE$, TA DE MALQAKWTERW$
PARAMUQOUMENOI; TO D'-'OUN SUMPAN 'AUTO 'ORQOTATA
'EIPOI TI$ 'AN4 NOUQETHTIKHN.
QEAI ^ 'ESTIN "OUTW$.
XE ^ TO DE-GE, 'EIXASI TINE$ 'AU LOGON "EAUTOI$ DONTE$
"HGHSASQAI PASAN 'AKOUSION 'AMAQIAN 'EINAI, KAI MAQEIN 'OUDEN
POT' 'AN4 'EQELEIN TON 'OIOMENON 'EINAI SOFON TOUTWN "WN 'OIOITO
PE=RI DEINO$ 'EINAI, META DE POLLOU PONOU TO NOUQETHTIKON
'EIDO$ TH$ PAIDEIA$ SMIKRON 'ANUTEIN.
QEAI ^ 'ORQW$ GE NOMIZONTE$.
<P 230B>
XE ^ TW*I-TOI TAUTH$ TH$ DOXH$ 'EPI 'EKBOLHN 'ALLWI TROPWI
STELLONTAI.
QEAI ^ TI=NI DH:
XE ^ DIERWTWSIN0 "WN 'AN4 'OIHTAI TI$ TI PE=RI LEGEIN LEGWN
MHDEN; 'EI*Q' "ATE PLANWMENWN TA$ DOXA$ "RA\DIW$ 'EXETAZOUSI0,
KAI SUNAGONTE$ DH TOI$ LOGOI$ 'EI$ 'TAUTON TIQEASI PAR'
'ALLHLA$, TIQENTE$ DE 'EPIDEIKNUOUSIN0 'AUTA$ "AUTAI$ "AMA PERI=
TWN 'AUTWN PRO$ TA 'AUTA KATA 'TAUTA 'ENANTIA$. "OI D' "ORWNTE$
"EAUTOI$ MEN CALEPAINOUSI0, PRO$ DE TOU$ 'ALLOU$ "HMEROUNTAI,
<P 230C>
KAI TOUTWI DH TW*I TROPWI TWN PERI= "AUTOU$ MEGALWN KAI SKLHRWN
DOXWN 'APALLATTONTAI PASWN TE8 'APALLAGWN 'AKOUEIN TE
"HDISTHN KAI TW*I PASCONTI BEBAIOTATA GIGNOMENHN. NOMIZONTE$
GAR, 'W* PAI FILE, "OI KAQAIRONTE$ 'AUTOU$, "WSPER "OI PERI= TA
SWMATA 'IATROI NENOMIKASI MH PROTERON 'AN4 TH$ PROSFEROMENH$
TROFH$ 'APOLAUEIN DUNASQAI SWMA, PRIN 'AN4 TA 'EMPODIZONTA
'ENTO$ TI$ 'EKBALHI6, 'TAUTON KAI PERI= YUCH$ DIENOHQHSAN 'EKEINOI,
MH PROTERON 'AUTHN "EXEIN TWN PROSFEROMENWN MAQHMATWN
<P 230D>
'ONHSIN, PRIN 'AN4 'ELEGCWN TI$ TON 'ELEGCOMENON 'EI$ 'AISCUNHN
KATASTHSA$, TA$ TOI$ MAQHMASIN 'EMPODIOU$ DOXA$ 'EXELWN,
KAQARON 'APOFHNHI6 KAI TAUTA "HGOUMENON "APER 'OIDEN 'EIDENAI
MONA, PLEIW DE MH.
QEAI ^ BELTISTH GOUN-KAI SWFRONESTATH TWN "EXEWN "AU=TH.
XE ^ DIA= TAUTA DH PANTA "HMIN, 'W* QEAITHTE, KAI TON
'ELEGCON LEKTEON "W$ 'A=RA MEGISTH KAI KURIWTATH TWN KAQARSEWN
'ESTI, KAI TON 'ANELEGKTON 'AU NOMISTEON, 'AN2 KAI TUGCANHI5
<P 230E>
BASILEU$ "O MEGA$ 'WN, TA MEGISTA 'AKAQARTON 'ONTA, 'APAIDEUTON
TE-KAI 'AISCRON GEGONENAI TAUTA "A KAQARWTATON KAI KALLISTON
'EPREPE TON 'ONTW$ 'ESOMENON 'EUDAIMONA 'EINAI.
QEAI ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ TI= DE: TOU$ TAUTHI CRWMENOU$ THI TECNHI TI=NA$


<P 231A>
FHSOMEN: 'EGW MEN-GAR FOBOUMAI SOFISTA$ FANAI.
QEAI ^ TI= DH:
XE ^ MH MEIZON 'AUTOI$ PROSAPTWMEN GERA$.
QEAI ^ 'ALLA=-MHN PROSEOIKE0 GE TOIOUTWI TINI TA NU*N
'EIRHMENA.
XE ^ KAI-GAR KUNI LUKO$, 'AGRIWTATON "HMERWTATWI. TON
DE 'ASFALH DEI PANTWN MALISTA PERI= TA$ "OMOIOTHTA$ 'AEI
POIEISQAI THN FULAKHN; 'OLISQHROTATON GAR TO GENO$. "OMW$
DE 'ESTW; 'OU-GAR PERI= SMIKRWN "ORWN THN 'AMFISBHTHSIN 'OIOMAI
<P 231B>
GENHSESQAI TO=TE "OPOTAN "IKANW$ FULATTWSIN.
QEAI ^ 'OU=KOUN TO GE 'EIKO$.
XE ^ 'ESTW DH DIAKRITIKH$ TECNH$ KAQARTIKH, KAQARTIKH$
DE TO PERI= YUCHN MERO$ 'AFWRISQW, TOUTOU DE DIDASKALIKH,
DIDASKALIKH$ DE PAIDEUTIKH; TH$ DE PAIDEUTIKH$ "O PERI= THN
MATAION DOXOSOFIAN GIGNOMENO$ 'ELEGCO$ 'EN TW*I NU*N LOGWI
PARAFANENTI MHDEN 'A=LL'2 "HMIN 'EINAI LEGESQW PLHN "H GENEI
GENNAI=A SOFISTIKH.
QEAI ^ LEGESQW MEN; 'APORW0 DE 'EGWGE 'HDH DIA= TO POLLA
<P 231C>
PEFANQAI, TI= CRH POTE "W$ 'ALHQH LEGONTA KAI DIISCURIZOMENON
'EIPEIN 'ONTW$ 'EINAI TON SOFISTHN.
XE ^ 'EIKOTW$ GE SU 'APORWN. 'ALLA=-TOI 'KAKEINON "HGEISQAI
CRH NU*N 'HDH SFO=DRA 'APOREIN "OPHI POTE 'ETI DIADUSETAI TON
LOGON; 'ORQH GAR "H PAROIMIA, TO TA$ "APASA$ MH "RA\DION 'EINAI
DIAFEUGEIN. NU*N 'OUN-KAI MALISTA 'EPIQETEON 'AUTWI.
QEAI ^ KALW$ LEGEI$.
XE ^ PRWTON DH STANTE$ "OION 'EXANAPNEUSWMEN, KAI PRO$
<P 231D>
"HMA$-'AUTOU$ DIALOGISWMEQA "AMA 'ANAPAUOMENOI, FERE, "OPOSA
"HMIN "O SOFISTH$ PEFANTAI. DOKW0 MEN-GAR, TO PRWTON
"HUREQH NEWN KAI PLOUSIWN 'EMMISQO$ QHREUTH$.
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ TO DE-GE DEUTERON 'EMPORO$ TI$ PERI= TA TH$ YUCH$
MAQHMATA.
QEAI ^ PANU GE.
XE ^ TRITON DE-'A*RA 'OU PERI= 'AUTA TAUTA KAPHLO$ 'ANEFANH:
QEAI ^ NAI, KAI TETARTON GE 'AUTOPWLH$ PERI= TA MAQHMATA
"HMIN 'H*N7.
XE ^ 'ORQW$ 'EMNHMONEUSA$. PEMPTON D' 'EGW PEIRASOMAI
<P 231E>
MNHMONEUEIN; TH$ GAR 'AGWNISTIKH$ PERI= LOGOU$ 'H*N TI$ 'AQLHTH$,
THN 'ERISTIKHN TECNHN 'AFWRISMENO$.
QEAI ^ 'H*N GAR-'OUN.
XE ^ TO GE-MHN "EKTON 'AMFISBHTHSIMON MEN, "OMW$ D'
'EQEMEN 'AUTWI SUGCWRHSANTE$ DOXWN 'EMPODIWN MAQHMASIN PERI=
YUCHN KAQARTHN 'AUTON 'EINAI.
QEAI ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.


<P 232A>
XE ^ 'A*R'-'OUN 'ENNOEI$, "OTAN 'EPISTHMWN TI$ POLLWN FAINHTAI,
MIA$ DE TECNH$ 'ONOMATI PROSAGOREUHTAI, TO FANTASMA
TOUTO "W$ 'OUK 'ESQ' "UGIE$, 'ALLA= DHLON "W$ "O PASCWN 'AUTO PRO$
TINA TECNHN 'OU DUNATAI KATIDEIN 'EKEINO 'AUTH$ 'EI$ "O= PANTA TA
MAQHMATA TAUTA BLEPEI0, DIO KAI POLLOI$ 'ONOMASIN 'ANQ' "ENO$
TON 'ECONTA 'AUTA PROSAGOREUEI0:
QEAI ^ KINDUNEUEI0 TOUTO TAUTHI PHI MALISTA PEFUKENAI.
<P 232B>
XE ^ MH-TOINUN "HMEI$ GE 'AUTO 'EN THI ZHTHSEI DI' 'ARGIAN
PASCWMEN, 'ALL' 'ANALABWMEN "EN7 PRWTON TWN PERI= TON
SOFISTHN 'EIRHMENWN. "EN GAR TI MOI MALISTA KATEFANH
'AUTON MHNUON.
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ 'ANTILOGIKON 'AUTON 'EFAMEN 'EINAI POU.
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ TI= D': 'OU-KAI TWN 'ALLWN 'AUTOU4 TOUTOU DIDASKALON
GIGNESQAI:
QEAI ^ TI= MHN:
XE ^ SKOPWMEN DH, PERI= TI=NO$ 'A=RA-KAI FASIN "OI TOIOUTOI
POIEIN 'ANTILOGIKOU$. "H DE SKEYI$ "HMIN 'EX 'ARCH$ 'ESTW THIDE
<P 232C>
PHI. FERE, PERI= TWN QEIWN, "OS' 'AFANH TOI$ POLLOI$, 'A*R'
"IKANOU$ POIOUSI0 TOUTO DRAN:
QEAI ^ LEGETAI GOUN-DH PERI= 'AUTWN TAUTA.
XE ^ TI= D' "OSA FANERA GH$ TE-KAI 'OURANOU KAI TWN PERI=
TA TOIAUTA:
QEAI ^ TI= GAR:
XE ^ 'ALLA=-MHN 'EN GE TAI$ 'IDIAI$ SUNOUSIAI$, "OPOTAN
GENESEW$ TE-KAI 'OUSIA$ PE=RI KATA PANTWN LEGHTAI TI,
SUNISMEN "W$ 'AUTOI TE 'ANTEIPEIN DEINOI TOU$ TE 'ALLOU$ "OTI4
POIOUSIN0 "APER 'AUTOI DUNATOU$:
QEAI ^ PANTAPASI GE.
<P 232D>
XE ^ TI= D' 'AU PERI= NOMWN KAI SUMPANTWN TWN POLITIKWN,
'A*R' 'OUC "UPISCNOUNTAI POIEIN 'AMFISBHTHTIKOU$:
QEAI ^ 'OUDEI$ GAR 'AN4 'AUTOI$ "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN DIELEGETO
MH TOUTO "UPISCNOUMENOI$.
XE ^ TA GE-MHN PERI= PASWN TE-KAI KATA MIAN "EKASTHN
TECNHN, "A DEI PRO$ "EKASTON 'AUTON TON DHMIOURGON 'ANTEIPEIN,
DEDHMOSIWMENA POU KATABEBLHTAI GEGRAMMENA TW*I BOULOMENWI
MAQEIN.
QEAI ^ TA PRWTAGO=REIA MOI FAINHI0 PERI= TE PALH$ KAI
<P 232E>
TWN 'ALLWN TECNWN 'EIRHKENAI.
XE ^ KAI POLLWN GE, 'W* MAKARIE, "ETERWN. 'ATAR-DH TO
TH$ 'ANTILOGIKH$ TECNH$ 'A*R' 'OUK 'EN KEFALAIWI PERI= PANTWN
PRO$ 'AMFISBHTHSIN "IKANH TI$ DUNAMI$ 'EOIK'0 'EINAI:
QEAI ^ FAINETAI GOUN-DH SCEDON 'OUDEN "UPOLIPEIN.
XE ^ SU DH PRO$ QEWN, 'W* PAI, DUNATON "HGHI0 TOUTO: TACA
GAR 'AN4 "UMEI$ MEN 'OXUTERON "OI NEOI PRO$ 'AUTO BLEPOITE, "HMEI$
DE 'AMBLUTERON.


<P 233A>
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON, KAI PRO$ TI= MALISTA LEGEI$: 'OU-GAR-POU
KATANOW0 TO NU*N 'ERWTWMENON.
XE ^ 'EI PANTA 'EPISTASQAI TINA 'ANQRWPWN 'ESTI DUNATON.
QEAI ^ MAKARION 'MENTAN4 "HMWN, 'W* XENE, 'H*N TO GENO$.
XE ^ PW*$ 'OUN 'AN4 POTE TI$ PRO$ GE TON 'EPISTAMENON 'AUTO$
'ANEPISTHMWN 'WN DUNAIT' 'AN4 "UGIE$ TI LEGWN 'ANTEIPEIN:
QEAI ^ 'OUDAMW$.
XE ^ TI= POT' 'OUN 'AN4 'EIH TO TH$ SOFISTIKH$ DUNAMEW$
QAUMA:
QEAI ^ TOU*2 DH PE=RI:
<P 233B>
XE ^ KAQ' "ONTINA TROPON POTE DUNATOI TOI$ NEOI$ DOXAN
PARASKEUAZEIN "W$ 'EISI PANTA PANTWN 'AUTOI SOFWTATOI.
DHLON GAR "W$ 'EI MHTE 'ANTELEGON 'ORQW$ MHTE 'EKEINOI$ 'EFAINONTO,
FAINOMENOI TE 'EI MHDEN 'AU MALLON 'EDOKOUN DIA= THN
'AMFISBHTHSIN 'EINAI FRONIMOI, TO SON DH TOUTO, SCOLHI POT'
'AN4 'AUTOI$ TI$ CRHMATA DIDOU$ 'HQELEN 'AN4 TOUTWN 'AUTWN MAQHTH$
GIGNESQAI.
QEAI ^ SCOLHI 'MENTAN4.
XE ^ NU*N DE-G' 'EQELOUSIN0:
QEAI ^ KAI MALA.
<P 233C>
XE ^ DOKOUSI0 GAR 'OIMAI PRO$ TAUTA 'EPISTHMONW$ 'ECEIN
'AUTOI PRO$ "APER 'ANTILEGOUSIN0.
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
XE ^ DRWSI0 DE-GE TOUTO PRO$ "APANTA, FAMEN:
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ PANTA 'A=RA SOFOI TOI$ MAQHTAI$ FAINONTAI.
QEAI ^ TI= MHN:
XE ^ 'OUK 'ONTE$ GE; 'ADUNATON GAR TOUTO GE 'EFANH.
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OUK 'ADUNATON:
XE ^ DOXASTIKHN 'A=RA TINA PERI= PANTWN 'EPISTHMHN "O
SOFISTH$ "HMIN 'ALL' 'OUK 'ALHQEIAN 'ECWN 'ANAPEFANTAI.
<P 233D>
QEAI ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN, KAI KINDUNEUEI0 GE TO NU*N
'EIRHMENON 'ORQOTATA PERI= 'AUTWN 'EIRHSQAI.
XE ^ LABWMEN TOINUN SAFESTERON TI PARADEIGMA PERI=
TOUTWN.
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON DH:
XE ^ TODE. KAI MOI PEIRW5 PROSECWN TON NOUN 'EU MALA
'APOKRINASQAI.
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ 'EI TI$ FAIH MH LEGEIN MHD' 'ANTILEGEIN, 'ALLA= POIEIN
KAI DRAN MIA*I TECNHI SUNAPANTA 'EPISTASQAI PRAGMATA %
<P 233E>
QEAI ^ PW*$ PANTA 'EIPE$:
XE ^ THN 'ARCHN TOU* "RHQENTO$ SU G' "HMIN 'EUQU$ 'AGNOEI$;
TA GAR SUMPANTA, "W$ 'EOIKA$, 'OU MANQANEI$.
QEAI ^ 'OU-GAR-'OUN.
XE ^ LEGW0 TOINUN SE KAI 'EME TWN PANTWN KAI PRO$ "HMIN
'TALLA ZWIA KAI DENDRA.
QEAI ^ PW*$ LEGEI$:
XE ^ 'EI TI$ 'EME KAI SE KAI 'TALLA FUTA PANTA POIHSEIN
FAIH %


<P 234A>
QEAI ^ TI=NA DH LEGWN THN POIHSIN: 'OU-GAR-DH GEWRGON
GE 'EREI$2 TINA; KAI-GAR ZWIWN 'AUTON 'EIPE$ POIHTHN.
XE ^ FHMI, KAI PRO$ GE QALATTH$ KAI GH$ KAI 'OURANOU KAI
QEWN KAI TWN 'ALLWN SUMPANTWN; KAI-TOINUN-KAI TACU POIHSA$
'AUTWN "EKASTA PANU SMIKROU NOMISMATO$ 'APODIDOTAI.
QEAI ^ PAIDIAN LEGEI$ TINA.
XE ^ TI= DE: THN TOU* LEGONTO$ "OTI4 PANTA 'OIDE KAI TAUTA
"ETERON 'AN4 DIDAXEIEN 'OLIGOU KAI 'EN 'OLIGWI CRONWI, MWN 'OU
PAIDIAN NOMISTEON:
QEAI ^ PANTW$ POU.
<P 234B>
XE ^ PAIDIA$ DE 'ECEI$ 'H= TI TECNIKWTERON 'H=-KAI CARIESTERON
'EIDO$ 'H= TO MIMHTIKON:
QEAI ^ 'OUDAMW$; PAMPOLU GAR 'EIRHKA$ 'EIDO$ 'EI$ "EN
PANTA SULLABWN KAI SCEDON POIKILWTATON.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N TON G' "UPISCNOUMENON DUNATON 'EINAI MIA*I
TECNHI PANTA POIEIN GIGNWSKOMEN POU TOUTO, "OTI4 MIMHMATA
KAI "OMWNUMA TWN 'ONTWN0 'APERGAZOMENO$ THI GRAFIKHI TECNHI
DUNATO$ 'ESTAI TOU$ 'ANOHTOU$ TWN NEWN PAIDWN, PORRWQEN TA
GEGRAMMENA 'EPIDEIKNU$, LANQANEIN "W$ "OTIPER2 'AN4 BOULHQHI
DRAN, TOUTO "IKANWTATO$ 'WN 'APOTELEIN0 'ERGWI.
<P 234C>
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
XE ^ TI= DE-DH: PERI= TOU$ LOGOU$ 'A*R' 'OU PROSDOKWMEN20
'EINAI TINA 'ALLHN TECNHN, "HI 'AU DUNATON 'ON7 'AU8 TUGCANEI0
TOU$ NEOU$ KAI 'ETI PORRW TWN PRAGMATWN TH$ 'ALHQEIA$
'AFESTWTA$ DIA= TWN 'WTWN TOI$ LOGOI$ GOHTEUEIN, DEIKNUNTA$
'EIDWLA LEGOMENA PERI= PANTWN, "WSTE POIEIN 'ALHQH DOKEIN LEGESQAI
KAI TON LEGONTA DH SOFWTATON PANTWN "APANT' 'EINAI:
<P 234D>
QEAI ^ TI= GAR 'OUK 'AN4 'EIH 'ALLH TI$ TOIAUTH TECNH:
XE ^ TOU$ POLLOU$ 'OUN, 'W* QEAITHTE, TWN TO=TE 'AKOUONTWN0
'A*R' 'OUK 'ANAGKH CRONOU TE 'EPELQONTO$ 'AUTOI$ "IKANOU KAI
PROIOUSH$ "HLIKIA$ TOI$ TE 'OUSI PROSPIPTONTA$ 'EGGUQEN KAI
DIA= PAQHMATWN 'ANAGKAZOMENOU$ 'ENARGW$ 'EFAPTESQAI TWN
'ONTWN0, METABALLEIN TA$ TO=TE GENOMENA$ DOXA$, "WSTE SMIKRA
MEN FAINESQAI TA MEGALA, CALEPA DE TA "RA\DIA, KAI PANTA
<P 234E>
PANTHI 'ANATETRAFQAI TA 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$ FANTASMATA "UPO TWN
'EN TAI$ PRAXESIN 'ERGWN PARAGENOMENWN:
QEAI ^ "W$ GOUN 'EMOI4 THLIKWIDE 'ONTI KRINAI0. 'OIMAI DE-KAI
'EME TWN 'ETI PORRWQEN 'AFESTHKOTWN 'EINAI.
XE ^ TOIGAROUN "HMEI$ SE "OIDE PANTE$ PEIRASOMEQA KAI
NU*N PEIRWMEQA0 "W$ 'EGGUTATA 'ANEU TWN PAQHMATWN PROSAGEIN.
PERI= D'-'OUN TOU* SOFISTOU TODE MOI LEGE; POTERON 'HDH TOUTO


<P 235A>
SAFE$, "OTI4 TWN GOHTWN 'ESTI TI$, MIMHTH$ 'WN TWN 'ONTWN0, 'H=
DISTAZOMEN 'ETI MH PERI= "OSWNPER 'ANTILEGEIN DOKEI0 DUNATO$
'EINAI, PERI= TOSOUTWN KAI TA$ 'EPISTHMA$ 'ALHQW$ 'ECWN
TUGCANEI0:
QEAI ^ KAI PW*$ 'AN4, 'W* XENE: 'ALLA= SCEDON 'HDH SAFE$
'EK TWN 'EIRHMENWN, "OTI4 TWN TH$ PAIDIA$ METECONTWN0 'ESTI TI$
MERWN88 "EI$.
XE ^ GOHTA MEN-DH-KAI MIMHTHN 'A=RA QETEON 'AUTON TINA.
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU QETEON:
XE ^ 'AGE DH, NU*N "HMETERON 'ERGON 'HDH TON QHRA MHKET'
<P 235B>
'ANEINAI0; SCEDON GAR 'AUTON PERIEILHFAMEN 'EN 'AMFIBLHSTRIKWI
TINI TWN 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$ PERI= TA TOIAUTA 'ORGANWN, "WSTE
'OUKET' 'EKFEUXETAI TODE GE.
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ TO MH 'OU TOU* GENOU$ 'EINAI TOU* TWN QAUMATOPOIWN
TI$ "EI$.
QEAI ^ 'KAMOI4 TOUTO GE "OUTW PERI= 'AUTOU4 SUNDOKEI0;
XE ^ DEDOKTAI TOINUN "OTI2 TACISTA DIAIREIN THN 'EIDWLOPOIIKHN
TECNHN, KAI KATABANTA$ 'EI$ 'AUTHN, 'EA=N MEN "HMA$ 'EUQU$
"O SOFISTH$ "UPOMEINHI6, SULLABEIN 'AUTON KATA TA 'EPESTALMENA
<P 235C>
"UPO TOU* BASILIKOU LOGOU, 'KAKEINWI PARADONTA$ 'APOFHNAI0
THN 'AGRAN; 'EA=N D'-'A=RA KATA MERH TH$ MIMHTIKH$ DUHTAI PHI,
SUNAKOLOUQEIN 'AUTWI DIAIROUNTA$ 'AEI THN "UPODECOMENHN 'AUTON
MOIRAN, "EWSPER 'AN4 LHFQHI. PANTW$ 'OUTE "OUTO$ 'OUTE 'ALLO
GENO$ 'OUDEN MH POTE 'EKFUGON 'EPEUXHTAI THN TWN "OUTW
DUNAMENWN METIENAI KAQ' "EKASTA TE-KAI 'EPI PANTA MEQODON.
QEAI ^ LEGEI$ 'EU, KAI TAUTA TAUTHI POIHTEON.
XE ^ KATA DH TON PARELHLUQOTA TROPON TH$ DIAIRESEW$
<P 235D>
'EGWGE MOI KAI NU*N FAINOMAI DUO KAQORAN 'EIDH TH$ MIMHTIKH$;
THN DE ZHTOUMENHN 'IDEAN, 'EN "OPOTERWI POQ' "HMIN 'OUSA TUGCANEI0,
KATAMAQEIN 'OUDEPW MOI DOKW0 NU*N DUNATO$ 'EINAI.
QEAI ^ SU D'-'ALL' 'EIPE= PRWTON KAI DIELE "HMIN TI=NE TW
DUO LEGEI$.
XE ^ MIAN MEN THN 'EIKASTIKHN "ORWN 'EN 'AUTHI TECNHN.
'ESTI D' "AU=TH MALISTA "OPOTAN KATA TA$ TOU* PARADEIGMATO$
SUMMETRIA$ TI$ 'EN MHKEI KAI PLATEI KAI BAQEI, KAI PRO$
<P 235E>
TOUTOI$ 'ETI CRWMATA 'APODIDOU$ TA PROSHKONTA "EKASTOI$, THN
TOU* MIMHMATO$ GENESIN 'APERGAZHTAI.
QEAI ^ TI= D': 'OU PANTE$ "OI MIMOUMENOI TI TOUT' 'EPICEIROUSI0
DRAN:
XE ^ 'OU=KOUN "OSOI GE TWN MEGALWN POU TI PLATTOUSIN0
'ERGWN 'H= GRAFOUSIN0. 'EI GAR 'APODIDOIEN THN TWN KALWN
'ALHQINHN SUMMETRIAN, 'OISQ' "OTI4 SMIKRO=TERA MEN TOU* DEONTO$


<P 236A>
TA 'ANW, MEIZW DE TA KATW FAINOIT' 'AN4 DIA= TO TA MEN PORRWQEN,
TA D' 'EGGUQEN "UF' "HMWN "ORASQAI.
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OU CAIREIN TO 'ALHQE$ 'EASANTE$ "OI DHMIOURGOI
NU*N 'OU TA$ 'OUSA$ SUMMETRIA$ 'ALLA= TA$ DOXOUSA$ 'EINAI KALA$
TOI$ 'EIDWLOI$ 'ENAPERGAZONTAI:
QEAI ^ PANTAPASI GE.
XE ^ TO MEN-'A=RA "ETERON 'OU DIKAION, 'EIKO$ GE 'ON, 'EIKONA
KALEIN0:
QEAI ^ NAI.
<P 236B>
XE ^ KAI TH$ GE MIMHTIKH$ TO 'EPI TOUTWI MERO$ KLHTEON
"OPER 'EIPOMEN 'EN TW*I PROSQEN, 'EIKASTIKHN:
QEAI ^ KLHTEON.
XE ^ TI= DE: TO FAINOMENON MEN DIA= THN 'OUK 'EK KALOU
QEAN 'EOIKENAI TW*I KALWI, DUNAMIN DE 'EI TI$ LABOI TA THLIKAUTA
"IKANW$ "ORAN, MHD' 'EIKO$ "WI FHSIN 'EOIKENAI, TI= KALOUMEN20: 'A*R'
'OUK, 'EPEIPER FAINETAI MEN, 'EOIKE0 DE 'OU=, FANTASMA:
QEAI ^ TI= MHN:
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N PAMPOLU KAI KATA THN ZWGRAFIAN TOUTO TO
<P 236C>
MERO$ 'ESTI KAI KATA SUMPASAN MIMHTIKHN:
QEAI ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
XE ^ THN DH FANTASMA 'ALL' 'OUK 'EIKONA 'APERGAZOMENHN
TECNHN 'A*R' 'OU FANTASTIKHN 'ORQOTAT' 'AN4 PROSAGOREUOIMEN:
QEAI ^ POLU GE.
XE ^ TOUTW TOINUN TW DUO 'ELEGON 'EIDH TH$ 'EIDWLOPOIIKH$,
'EIKASTIKHN KAI FANTASTIKHN.
QEAI ^ 'ORQW$.
XE ^ "O= DE-GE-KAI TO=T' 'HMFEGNOOUN, 'EN7 POTERA\ TON
SOFISTHN QETEON, 'OUDE NU*N PW DUNAMAI QEASASQAI SAFW$,
<P 236D>
'ALL' 'ONTW$ QAUMASTO$ "ANHR KAI KATIDEIN PAGCALEPO$, 'EPEI
KAI NU*N MALA 'EU KAI KOMYW$ 'EI$ 'APORON 'EIDO$ DIEREUNHSASQAI
KATAPEFEUGEN0.
QEAI ^ 'EOIKEN0.
XE ^ 'A*R'-'OUN 'AUTO GIGNWSKWN SUMFH$, 'H= SE "OION "RUMH
TI$ "UPO TOU* LOGOU SUNEIQISMENON SUNEPESPASATO PRO$ TO
TACU SUMFHSAI0:
QEAI ^ PW*$ KAI PRO$ TI= TOUTO 'EIRHKA$:
XE ^ 'ONTW$, 'W* MAKARIE, 'ESMEN 'EN PANTAPASI CALEPHI
<P 236E>
SKEYEI. TO GAR FAINESQAI TOUTO KAI TO DOKEIN, 'EINAI DE
MH, KAI TO LEGEIN MEN 'ATTA, 'ALHQH DE MH, PANTA TAUTA 'ESTI
MESTA 'APORIA$ 'AEI 'EN TW*I PROSQEN CRONWI KAI NU*N. "OPW$ GAR
'EIPONTA CRH YEUDH LEGEIN 'H= DOXAZEIN 'ONTW$ 'EINAI, KAI TOUTO
FQEGXAMENON 'ENANTIOLOGIA\ MH SUNECESQAI, PANTAPASIN, 'W*


<P 237A>
QEAITHTE, CALEPON.
QEAI ^ TI= DH:
XE ^ TETOLMHKEN0 "O LOGO$ "OUTO$ "UPOQESQAI TO MH 'ON
'EINAI; YEUDO$ GAR 'OUK 'AN4 'ALLW$ 'EGIGNETO 'ON. PARMENIDH$
DE "O MEGA$, 'W* PAI, PAISIN "HMIN 'OUSIN 'ARCOMENO$ TE-KAI DIA=
TELOU$ TOUTO 'APEMARTURATO, PEZHI TE "WDE "EKASTOTE LEGWN KAI
META METRWN %
'OU9-GAR9 MH9 POTE9 TOUTO9 DAMHI9, FHSIN, 'EINAI9 MH9 'EONTA9;
'ALLA=9 SU9 THSD'9 'AF'9 "ODOU9 DIZHMENO$1 'EIRGE90 NOHMA9.
<P 237B>
PAR' 'EKEINOU TE-'OUN MARTUREITAI, KAI MALISTA GE-DH PANTWN
"O LOGO$ 'AUTO$ 'AN4 DHLWSEIE ME=TRIA BASANISQEI$. TOUTO 'OUN
'AUTO PRWTON QEASWMEQA, 'EI MH TI SOI4 DIAFEREI0.
QEAI ^ TO MEN 'EMON "OPHI BOULEI TIQESO, TON DE LOGON
"HI BELTISTA DIEXEISI SKOPWN 'AUTO$ TE 'IQI 'KAME KATA TAUTHN
THN "ODON 'AGE.
XE ^ 'ALLA= CRH DRAN TAUTA. KAI MOI LEGE; TO MHDAMW$
'ON TOLMWMEN0 POU FQEGGESQAI:
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
XE ^ MH-TOINUN 'ERIDO$ "ENEKA MHDE PAIDIA$, 'ALL' 'EI SPOUDHI
<P 237C>
DEOI SUNNOHSANTA TINA 'APOKRINASQAI TWN 'AKROATWN POI* CRH
'TOUNOM' 'EPIFEREIN TOUTO, TO MH 'ON, TI= DOKOUMEN 'AN4 'EI$ TI=
KAI 'EPI POI*ON 'AUTON TE KATACRHSASQAI KAI TW*I PUNQANOMENWI
DEIKNUNAI:
QEAI ^ CALEPON 'HROU KAI SCEDON 'EIPEIN "OIWI GE 'EMOI4
PANTAPASIN 'APORON.
XE ^ 'ALL'-'OUN TOUTO GE DHLON, "OTI4 TWN 'ONTWN0 'EPI TI7
TO MH 'ON 'OUK 'OISTEON.
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'AN4:
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EPEIPER 'OUK 'EPI TO 'ON, 'OUD' 'EPI TO TI FERWN
'ORQW$ 'AN4 TI$ FEROI.
QEAI ^ PW*$ DH:
<P 237D>
XE ^ KAI TOUTO "HMIN POU FANERON, "W$ KAI TO TI TOUTO
"RHMA8 'EP' 'ONTI LEGOMEN "EKASTOTE; MONON GAR 'AUTO LEGEIN,
"WSPER GUMNON KAI 'APHRHMWMENON 'APO TWN 'ONTWN0 "APANTWN,
'ADUNATON; 'H*-GAR:
QEAI ^ 'ADUNATON.
XE ^ 'A*RA THIDE SKOPWN SUMFH$, "W$ 'ANAGKH TON TI LEGONTA
"EN GE TI LEGEIN:
QEAI ^ "OUTW$.
XE ^ "ENO$ GAR-DH TO GE TI FHSEI$ SHMEION 'EINAI, TO
DE TINE DUOIN, TO DE TINE$ POLLWN.
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
<P 237E>
XE ^ TON DE-DH MH TI LEGONTA 'ANAGKAIOTATON, "W$ 'EOIKE0,
PANTAPASI MHDEN LEGEIN.
QEAI ^ 'ANAGKAIOTATON MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ 'A*R'-'OUN-'OUDE TOUTO SUGCWRHTEON, TO TON TOIOUTON
LEGEIN MEN TI8, LEGEIN MENTOI MHDEN, 'ALL'-'OUDE LEGEIN
FATEON, "O$4 G' 'AN4 'EPICEIRHI5 MH 'ON FQEGGESQAI:
QEAI ^ TELO$ GOUN 'AN4 'APORIA$ "O LOGO$ 'ECOI.


<P 238A>
XE ^ MHPW9 MEG'9 'EIPHI$9; 'ETI GAR, 'W* MAKARIE, 'ESTI, KAI
TAUTA GE TWN 'APORIWN "H MEGISTH KAI PRWTH. PERI= GAR
'AUTHN 'AUTOU4 THN 'ARCHN 'OUSA TUGCANEI0.
QEAI ^ PW*$ FH=I$: LEGE KAI MHDEN 'APOKNHSHI$.
XE ^ TW*I MEN 'ONTI POU PROSGENOIT' 'AN4 TI TWN 'ONTWN0 "ETERON.
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
XE ^ MH 'ONTI DE TI TWN 'ONTWN0 'A*RA POTE PROSGIGNESQAI
FHSOMEN DUNATON 'EINAI:
QEAI ^ KAI PW*$:
XE ^ 'ARIQMON DH TON SUMPANTA TWN 'ONTWN0 TIQEMEN.
<P 238B>
QEAI ^ 'EIPER GE-KAI 'ALLO TI QETEON "W$ 'ON.
XE ^ MH-TOINUN-MHD' 'EPICEIRWMEN 'ARIQMOU MHTE PLHQO$
MHTE "EN PRO$ TO MH 'ON PROSFEREIN.
QEAI ^ 'OU=KOUN 'AN4 'ORQW$ GE, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'EPICEIROIMEN, "W$
FHSIN "O LOGO$.
XE ^ PW*$ 'OUN 'AN4 'H= DIA= TOU* STOMATO$ FQEGXAITO 'AN4 TI$ 'H=
KAI THI DIANOIA\ TO PARAPAN LABOI TA MH 'ONTA 'H= TO MH 'ON
CWRI$ 'ARIQMOU:
QEAI ^ LEGE PH*I:
XE ^ MH 'ONTA MEN 'EPEIDAN LEGWMEN, 'A*RA 'OU PLHQO$
<P 238C>
'EPICEIROUMEN 'ARIQMOU PROSTIQENAI:
QEAI ^ TI= MHN:
XE ^ MH 'ON DE, 'A*RA 'OU TO "EN 'AU:
QEAI ^ SAFESTATA GE.
XE ^ KAI-MHN-'OUTE DIKAION GE-'OUTE 'ORQON FAMEN 'ON
'EPICEIREIN MH 'ONTI PROSARMOTTEIN.
QEAI ^ LEGEI$ 'ALHQESTATA.
XE ^ SUNNOEI$ 'OUN "W$ 'OUTE FQEGXASQAI DUNATON 'ORQW$
'OUT' 'EIPEIN 'OUTE DIANOHQHNAI TO MH 'ON 'AUTO KAQ' "AUTO, 'ALL'
'ESTIN 'ADIANOHTON TE-KAI 'ARRHTON KAI 'AFQEGKTON KAI 'ALOGON:
QEAI ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
<P 238D>
XE ^ 'A*R'-'OUN 'EYEUSAMHN 'ARTI LEGWN THN MEGISTHN 'APORIAN
'EREIN2 'AUTOU4 PE=RI TO DE 'ETI MEIZW TINA LEGEIN 'ALLHN 'ECOMEN:
QEAI ^ TI=NA DH:
XE ^ 'W* QAUMASIE, 'OUK 'ENNOEI$ 'AUTOI$ TOI$ LECQEISIN "OTI4
KAI TON 'ELEGCONTA 'EI$ 'APORIAN KAQISTHSI TO MH 'ON "OUTW$,
"WSTE, "OPOTAN 'AUTO 'EPICEIRHI5 TI$ 'ELEGCEIN, 'ENANTIA 'AUTON
"AUTWI PERI= 'EKEINO 'ANAGKAZESQAI LEGEIN:
QEAI ^ PW*$ FH=I$: 'EIPE= 'ETI SAFESTERON.
XE ^ 'OUDEN DEI TO SAFESTERON 'EN 'EMOI4 SKOPEIN. 'EGW MEN-GAR
<P 238E>
"UPOQEMENO$ 'OUTE "ENO$ 'OUTE TWN POLLWN TO MH 'ON DEIN
METECEIN, 'ARTI TE-KAI NU*N "OUTW$ "EN 'AUTO 'EIRHKA; TO MH 'ON
GAR FHMI. SUNIH$ TOI.
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ KAI-MHN 'AU KAI SMIKRON 'EMPROSQEN 'AFQEGKTON TE
'AUTO KAI 'ARRHTON KAI 'ALOGON 'EFHN 'EINAI. SUNEPHI0:
QEAI ^ SUNEPOMAI. PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N TO GE 'EINAI PROSAPTEIN PEIRWMENO$ 'ENANTIA


<P 239A>
TOI$ PROSQEN 'ELEGON:
QEAI ^ FAINHI0.
XE ^ TI= DE: TOUTO PROSAPTWN 'OUC "W$ "ENI DIELEGOMHN:
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ KAI-MHN 'ALOGON GE LEGWN KAI 'ARRHTON KAI 'AFQEGKTON
"W$ GE PRO$ "EN TON LOGON 'EPOIOUMHN.
QEAI ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
XE ^ FAMEN DE-GE DEIN, 'EIPER 'ORQW$ TI$ LEXEI2, MHTE "W$
"EN MHTE "W$ POLLA DIORIZEIN 'AUTO, MHDE TO PARAPAN 'AUTO
KALEIN0; "ENO$ GAR 'EIDEI KAI KATA TAUTHN 'AN4 THN PROSRHSIN
PROSAGOREUOITO.
QEAI ^ PANTAPASI GE.
<P 239B>
XE ^ TON MEN-TOINUN 'EME GE TI= TI$ 'AN4 LEGOI: KAI-GAR
PALAI KAI TA NU*N "HTTHMENON 'AN4 "EUROI PERI= TON TOU* MH 'ONTO$
'ELEGCON. "WSTE 'EN 'EMOIGE LEGONTI, KAQAPER 'EIPON, MH
SKOPWMEN THN 'ORQOLOGIAN PERI= TO MH 'ON, 'ALL' 'EIA DH NU*N
'EN SOI4 SKEYWMEQA.
QEAI ^ PW*$ FH=I$:
XE ^ 'IQI "HMIN 'EU KAI GENNAIW$, "ATE NEO$ 'WN, "OTI2 MALISTA
DUNASAI SUNTEINA$ PEIRAQHTI, MHTE 'OUSIAN MHTE TO "EN MHTE
PLHQO$ 'ARIQMOU PROSTIQEI=$ TW*I MH 'ONTI, KATA TO 'ORQON
FQEGXASQAI TI PERI= 'AUTOU4.
<P 239C>
QEAI ^ POLLH 'MENTAN4 ME KAI 'ATOPO$ 'ECOI PROQUMIA
TH$ 'EPICEIRHSEW$, 'EI SE TOIAUQ' "ORWN PASCONTA 'AUTO$
'EPICEIROIHN.
XE ^ 'ALL' 'EI DOKEI0, SE MEN-KAI 'EME CAIREIN 'EWMEN2; "EW$
D' 'AN4 TINI DUNAMENWI DRAN TOUTO 'ENTUGCANWMEN, MECRI TOUTOU
LEGWMEN "W$ PANTO$ MALLON PANOURGW$ 'EI$ 'APORON "O SOFISTH$
TOPON KATADEDUKEN0.
QEAI ^ KAI MALA DH FAINETAI.
XE ^ TOIGAROUN 'EI TINA FHSOMEN 'AUTON 'ECEIN FANTASTIKHN
<P 239D>
TECNHN, "RA\DIW$ 'EK TAUTH$ TH$ CREIA$ TWN LOGWN 'ANTILAMBANOMENO$
"HMWN 'EI$ 'TOUNANTION 'APOSTREYEI2 TOU$ LOGOU$, "OTAN
'EIDWLOPOION 'AUTON KALWMEN, 'ANERWTWN TI= POTE TO PARAPAN
'EIDWLON LEGOMEN. SKOPEIN 'OUN, 'W* QEAITHTE, CRH TI= TI$ TW*I
NEANIA\ PRO$ TO 'ERWTWMENON 'APOKRINEITAI.
QEAI ^ DHLON "OTI4 FHSOMEN TA TE 'EN TOI$ "UDASI KAI
KATOPTROI$ 'EIDWLA, 'ETI KAI TA GEGRAMMENA KAI TA TETUPWMENA
KAI 'TALLA "OSA POU TOIAUT' 'ESQ' "E=TERA.
<P 239E>
XE ^ FANERO$, 'W* QEAITHTE, 'EI* SOFISTHN 'OUC "EWRAKW$.
QEAI ^ TI= DH:
XE ^ DOXEI2 SOI4 MUEIN 'H= PANTAPASIN 'OUK 'ECEIN 'OMMATA.
QEAI ^ PW*$:
XE ^ THN 'APOKRISIN "OTAN "OUTW$ 'AUTWI DIDWI$ 'EA=N 'EN KATOPTROI$
'H= PLASMASI LEGHI$ TI, KATAGELASETAI SOU4 TWN LOGWN,
"OTAN "W$ BLEPONTI LEGHI$ 'AUTWI, PROSPOIOUMENO$ 'OUTE KATOPTRA


<P 240A>
'OUTE "UDATA GIGNWSKEIN 'OUTE TO PARAPAN 'OYIN, TO D' 'EK TWN
LOGWN 'ERWTHSEI2 SE MONON.
QEAI ^ POI*ON:
XE ^ TO DIA= PANTWN TOUTWN "A POLLA 'EIPWN 'HXIWSA$ "ENI
PROSEIPEIN 'ONOMATI FQEGXAMENO$ 'EIDWLON 'EPI PASIN "W$ "EN
'ON. LEGE 'OUN-KAI 'AMUNOU MHDEN "UPOCWRWN TON 'ANDRA.
QEAI ^ TI= DHTA, 'W* XENE, 'EIDWLON 'AN4 FAIMEN 'EINAI PLHN
GE TO PRO$ 'TALHQINON 'AFWMOIWMENON "ETERON TOIOUTON:
XE ^ "ETERON DE LEGEI$ TOIOUTON 'ALHQINON, 'H= 'EPI TI=NI TO
<P 240B>
TOIOUTON 'EIPE$:
QEAI ^ 'OUDAMW$ 'ALHQINON GE, 'ALL' 'EOIKO$ MEN.
XE ^ 'A*RA TO 'ALHQINON 'ONTW$ 'ON LEGWN:
QEAI ^ "OUTW$.
XE ^ TI= DE: TO MH 'ALHQINON 'A*R' 'ENANTION 'ALHQOU$:
QEAI ^ TI= MHN:
XE ^ 'OUK 'ONTW$ 'OUK8 'ON 'A=RA LEGEI$ TO 'EOIKO$, 'EIPER 'AUTO
GE MH 'ALHQINON 'EREI$2.
QEAI ^ 'ALL' 'ESTI GE-MHN PW$.
XE ^ 'OU=KOUN 'ALHQW$ GE, FH=I$.
QEAI ^ 'OU-GAR-'OUN; PLHN G' 'EIKWN 'ONTW$.
XE ^ 'OUK 'ON 'A=RA 'OUK8 'ONTW$ 'ESTIN 'ONTW$ "HN LEGOMEN
'EIKONA:
<P 240C>
QEAI ^ KINDUNEUEI0 TOIAUTHN TINA PEPLECQAI SUMPLOKHN
TO MH 'ON TW*I 'ONTI, KAI MALA 'ATOPON.
XE ^ PW*$ GAR 'OUK 'ATOPON: "ORA*I$0 GOUN "OTI4 KAI NU*N DIA=
TH$ 'EPALLAXEW$ TAUTH$ "O POLUKEFALO$ SOFISTH$ 'HNAGKAKEN0
"HMA$ TO MH 'ON 'OUC "EKONTA$ "OMOLOGEIN 'EINAI PW$.
QEAI ^ "ORW0 KAI MALA.
XE ^ TI= DE-DH: THN TECNHN 'AUTOU4 TI=NA 'AFORISANTE$ "HMIN-'AUTOI$
SUMFWNEIN "OIOI-TE-'ESOMEQA:
QEAI ^ PH*I KAI TO POI*ON TI FOBOUMENO$ "OUTW LEGEI$:
<P 240D>
XE ^ "OTAN PERI= TO FANTASMA 'AUTON 'APATAN FWMEN KAI
THN TECNHN 'EINAI TINA 'APATHTIKHN 'AUTOU4, TO=TE POTERON YEUDH
DOXAZEIN THN YUCHN "HMWN FHSOMEN "UPO TH$ 'EKEINOU TECNH$,
'H= TI= POT' 'EROUMEN2:
QEAI ^ TOUTO; TI= GAR 'AN4 'ALLO 'EIPAIMEN:
XE ^ YEUDH$ D' 'AU DOXA 'ESTAI 'TANANTIA TOI$ 'OUSI DOXAZOUSA,
'H= PW*$:
QEAI ^ "OUTW$; 'TANANTIA.
XE ^ LEGEI$ 'A=RA TA MH 'ONTA DOXAZEIN THN YEUDH DOXAN:
QEAI ^ 'ANAGKH.
<P 240E>
XE ^ POTERON MH 'EINAI TA MH 'ONTA DOXAZOUSAN, 'H= PW$
'EINAI TA MHDAMW$ 'ONTA:
QEAI ^ 'EINAI PW$ TA MH 'ONTA DEI GE, 'EIPER YEUSETAI
POTE TI$ TI KAI KATA BRACU.
XE ^ TI= D': 'OU-KAI MHDAMW$ 'EINAI TA PANTW$ 'ONTA
DOXAZETAI:
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ KAI TOUTO DH YEUDO$:
QEAI ^ KAI TOUTO.
XE ^ KAI LOGO$ 'OIMAI YEUDH$ "OUTW KATA 'TAUTA NOMISQHSETAI


<P 241A>
TA TE 'ONTA LEGWN MH 'EINAI KAI TA MH 'ONTA 'EINAI.
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'AN4 'ALLW$ TOIOUTO$ GENOITO:
XE ^ SCEDON 'OUDAMW$; 'ALLA= TAUTA "O SOFISTH$ 'OU FHSEI2.
'H= TI=$ MHCANH SUGCWREIN TINA TWN 'EU FRONOUNTWN0, "OTAN
'AFQEGKTA8 KAI8 'ARRHTA8 KAI8 'ALOGA8 KAI8 'ADIANOHTA8 PROSDIWMOLOGHMENA-'HI
TA PRO TOUTWN "OMOLOGHQENTA: MANQANOMEN,
'W* QEAITHTE, "A LEGEI0:
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU MANQANOMEN "OTI4 'TANANTIA FHSEI2
LEGEIN "HMA$ TOI$ NUNDH, YEUDH TOLMHSANTA$ 'EIPEIN "W$ 'ESTIN
<P 241B>
'EN DOXAI$ TE-KAI KATA LOGOU$: TW*I GAR MH 'ONTI TO 'ON PROSAPTEIN
"HMA$ POLLAKI$ 'ANAGKAZESQAI, DIOMOLOGHSAMENOU$
NUNDH TOUTO 'EINAI PANTWN 'ADUNATWTATON.
XE ^ 'ORQW$ 'APEMNHMONEUSA$. 'ALL' "ORA DH BOULEUESQAI8
TI= CRH DRAN TOU* SOFISTOU PE=RI; TA$ GAR 'ANTILHYEI$ KAI
'APORIA$, 'EA=N 'AUTON DIEREUNWMEN2 'EN THI TWN YEUDOURGWN KAI
GOHTWN TECNHI TIQENTE$, "ORA*I$0 "W$ 'EUPOROI KAI POLLAI.
QEAI ^ KAI MALA.
XE ^ MIKRON MERO$ TOINUN 'AUTWN DIELHLUQAMEN, 'OUSWN
<P 241C>
"W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN 'APERANTWN.
QEAI ^ 'ADUNATON G' 'AN4, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'EIH TON SOFISTHN
"ELEIN, 'EI TAUTA "OUTW$ 'ECEI0.
XE ^ TI= 'OUN: "OUTW$ 'APOSTHSOMEQA NU*N MALQAKISQENTE$:
QEAI ^ 'OU=KOUN 'EGWGE FHMI DEIN, 'EI KAI KATA SMIKRON
"OIOI-T' 'EPILABESQAI PHI 'TANDRO$ 'ESMEN.
XE ^ "EXEI$ 'OUN SUGGNWMHN KAI KAQAPER NU*N 'EIPE$ 'AGAPHSEI$
'EA=N PHI KAI KATA BRACU PARASPASWMEQA "OUTW$
'ISCUROU LOGOU:
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OUC "EXW2:
<P 241D>
XE ^ TODE TOINUN 'ETI MALLON PARAITOUMAI SE.
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ MH ME "OION PATRALOIAN "UPOLABHI$ GIGNESQAI TINA.
QEAI ^ TI= DH:
XE ^ TON TOU* PATRO$ PARMENIDOU LOGON 'ANAGKAION "HMIN
'AMUNOMENOI$ 'ESTAI BASANIZEIN, KAI BIAZESQAI TO TE MH 'ON "W$
'ESTI KATA TI KAI TO 'ON 'AU PALIN "W$ 'OUK 'ESTI PHI.
QEAI ^ FAINETAI TO TOIOUTON DIAMACETEON 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$.
XE ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU FAINETAI KAI TO LEGOMENON DH TOUTO TUFLWI:
<P 241E>
TOUTWN GAR-MHT' 'ELEGCQENTWN5 MHTE "OMOLOGHQENTWN5 SCOLHI
POTE TI$ "OIO$-TE-'ESTAI PERI= LOGWN YEUDWN LEGWN 'H= DOXH$,
'EI=TE 'EIDWLWN 'EI=TE 'EIKONWN 'EI=TE MIMHMATWN 'EI=TE FANTASMATWN
'AUTWN, 'H=-KAI PERI= TECNWN TWN "OSAI PERI= TAUTA 'EISI, MH KATAGELASTO$
'EINAI TA G'7 'ENANTIA 'ANAGKAZOMENO$ "AUTWI LEGEIN.
QEAI ^ 'ALHQESTATA.


<P 242A>
XE ^ DIA= TAUTA MENTOI TOLMHTEON 'EPITIQESQAI TW*I PATRIKWI
LOGWI NU*N 'H= TO PARAPAN 'EATEON, 'EI TOUTO TI$ 'EIRGEI0
DRAN 'OKNO$.
QEAI ^ 'ALL' "HMA$ TOUTO GE MHDEN MHDAMHI 'EIRXHI6.
XE ^ TRITON TOINUN 'ETI SE SMIKRON TI PARAITHSOMAI.
QEAI ^ LEGE MONON.
XE ^ 'EIPON POU NUNDH LEGWN "W$ PRO$ TON PERI= TAUT'
'ELEGCON 'AEI TE 'APEIRHKW$ 'EGW TUGCANW0 KAI-DH-KAI TA NU*N.
QEAI ^ 'EIPE$.
XE ^ FOBOUMAI DH TA 'EIRHMENA, MH POTE DIA= TAUTA SOI4
MANIKO$ 'EINAI DOXW4 PARA PODA METABALWN2 'EMAUTON 'ANW KAI
<P 242B>
KATW. SHN GAR-DH CARIN 'ELEGCEIN TON LOGON 'EPIQHSOMEQA,
'EANPER 'ELEGCWMEN.
QEAI ^ "W$ TOINUN 'EMOIGE MHDAMHI DOXWN MHDEN PLHMMELEIN,
'AN2 'EPI TON 'ELEGCON TOUTON KAI THN 'APODEIXIN 'IHI$,
QARRWN 'IQI TOUTOU GE "ENEKA.
XE ^ FERE DH, TI=NA 'ARCHN TI$ 'AN4 'ARXAITO PARAKINDUNEUTIKOU
LOGOU: DOKW0 MEN-GAR THND', 'W* PAI, THN "ODON 'ANAGKAIOTATHN
"HMIN 'EINAI TREPESQAI.
QEAI ^ POI=AN DH:
XE ^ TA DOKOUNTA NU*N 'ENARGW$ 'ECEIN 'EPISKEYASQAI PRWTON
<P 242C>
MH PHI TETARAGMENOI MEN 'WMEN PERI= TAUTA, "RA\DIW$ D'
'ALLHLOI$ "OMOLOGWMEN "W$ 'EUKRINW$ 'ECONTE$.
QEAI ^ LEGE SAFESTERON "O= LEGEI$.
XE ^ 'EUKOLW$ MOI DOKEI0 PARMENIDH$ "HMIN DIEILECQAI KAI
PA$ "OSTI$ PWPOTE 'EPI KRISIN "WRMHSE TOU* TA 'ONTA DIORISASQAI
PO=SA TE-KAI POI*A 'ESTIN.
QEAI ^ PH*I:
XE ^ MUQON TINA "EKASTO$ FAINETAI MOI DIHGEISQAI PAISIN
"W$ 'OUSIN "HMIN, "O MEN "W$ TRIA TA 'ONTA, POLEMEI0 DE 'ALLHLOI$
<P 242D>
'ENIOTE 'AUTWN 'ATTA PHI, TOTE= DE-KAI FILA GIGNOMENA GAMOU$
TE-KAI TOKOU$ KAI TROFA$ TWN 'EKGONWN PARECETAI; DUO DE
"ETERO$ 'EIPWN, "UGRON KAI XHRON 'H= QERMON KAI YUCRON, SUNOIKIZEI0
TE 'AUTA KAI 'EKDIDWSI; TO DE PAR' "HMIN 'ELEATIKON 'EQNO$,
'APO XENOFANOU$ TE-KAI 'ETI PROSQEN 'ARXAMENON, "W$ "ENO$ 'ONTO$
TWN PANTWN KALOUMENWN0 "OUTW DIEXERCETAI TOI$ MUQOI$. 'IADE$
DE-KAI SIKELAI TINE$ "USTERON MOUSAI SUNENOHSAN "OTI4 SUMPLEKEIN
<P 242E>
'ASFALESTATON 'AMFO=TERA KAI LEGEIN "W$ TO 'ON POLLA
TE-KAI "EN 'ESTIN, 'ECQRA\ DE-KAI FILIA\ SUNECETAI. DIAFEROMENON
GAR 'AEI SUMFERETAI, FASIN0 "AI SUNTONWTERAI TWN MOUSWN;
"AI DE MALAKWTERAI TO MEN 'AEI TAUTA "OUTW$ 'ECEIN 'ECALASAN,
'EN MEREI DE TOTE= MEN "EN 'EINAI FASI0 TO PAN KAI FILON "UP'


<P 243A>
'AFRODITH$, TOTE= DE POLLA KAI POLEMION 'AUTO "AUTWI DIA= NEIKO$
TI. TAUTA DE PANTA 'EI MEN 'ALHQW$ TI$ 'H= MH TOUTWN 'EIRHKE0,
CALEPON KAI PLHMMELE$ "OUTW MEGALA KLEINOI$ KAI PALAIOI$
'ANDRASIN 'EPITIMAN; 'EKEINO DE 'ANEPIFQONON 'APOFHNASQAI %
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ "OTI4 LIAN TWN POLLWN "HMWN "UPERIDONTE$ 'WLIGWRHSAN;
'OUDEN GAR FRONTISANTE$ 'EI=T' 'EPAKOLOUQOUMEN 'AUTOI$ LEGOUSIN4
<P 243B>
'EI=TE 'APOLEIPOMEQA, PERAINOUSI0 TO SFETERON 'AUTWN "EKASTOI.
QEAI ^ PW*$ LEGEI$:
XE ^ "OTAN TI$ 'AUTWN FQEGXHTAI LEGWN "W$ 'ESTIN 'H=
GEGONEN0 'H= GIGNETAI POLLA 'H= "EN 'H= DUO, KAI QERMON 'AU YUCRWI
SUGKERANNUMENON, 'ALLOQI PHI DIAKRISEI$ KAI SUGKRISEI$ "UPOTIQEI=$,
TOUTWN, 'W* QEAITHTE, "EKASTOTE SU TI PRO$ QEWN
SUNIH$ "OTI2 LEGOUSIN0: 'EGW MEN-GAR "OTE MEN 'H*N NEWTERO$,
TOUTO TE TO NU*N 'APOROUMENON "OPOTE TI$ 'EIPOI, TO MH 'ON,
'AKRIBW$ 'WIMHN SUNIENAI. NU*N DE "ORA*I$0 "IN' 'ESMEN 'AUTOU4 PE=RI
TH$ 'APORIA$.
<P 243C>
QEAI ^ "ORW0.
XE ^ TACA TOINUN 'ISW$ 'OUC "HTTON KATA TO 'ON 'TAUTON
TOUTO PAQO$ 'EILHFOTE$ 'EN THI YUCHI PERI= MEN TOUTO 'EUPOREIN
FAMEN KAI MANQANEIN "OPOTAN TI$ 'AUTO FQEGXHTAI, PERI= DE
QATERON 'OU=, PRO$ 'AMFO=TERA "OMOIW$ 'ECONTE$.
QEAI ^ 'ISW$.
XE ^ KAI PERI= TWN 'ALLWN DH TWN PROEIRHMENWN "HMIN
'TAUTON TOUTO 'EIRHSQW.
QEAI ^ PANU GE.
XE ^ TWN MEN-TOINUN POLLWN PE=RI KAI META TOUTO SKEYOMEQ',
<P 243D>
'AN2 DOXHI6, PERI= DE TOU* MEGISTOU TE-KAI 'ARCHGOU PRWTOU
NU*N SKEPTEON.
QEAI ^ TI=NO$ DH LEGEI$: 'H= DHLON "OTI4 TO 'ON FH=I$ PRWTON
DEIN DIEREUNHSASQAI TI= POQ' "OI LEGONTE$ 'AUTO DHLOUN0
"HGOUNTAI:
XE ^ KATA PODA GE, 'W* QEAITHTE, "UPELABE$. LEGW0 GAR-DH
TAUTHI DEIN POIEISQAI THN MEQODON "HMA$, "OION 'AUTWN
PARONTWN0 'ANAPUNQANOMENOU$ "WDE; FERE, "OPOSOI QERMON
KAI YUCRON 'H= TINE DUO TOIOUTW TA PANT' 'EINAI FATE0, TI= POTE
<P 243E>
'A=RA TOUT' 'EP' 'AMFOIN FQEGGESQE0, LEGONTE$ 'AMFW KAI "EKATERON
'EINAI: TI= TO 'EINAI TOUTO "UPOLABWMEN "UMWN: POTERON TRITON
PARA TA DUO 'EKEINA, KAI TRIA TO PAN 'ALLA= MH DUO 'ETI KAQ'
"UMA$ TIQWMEN: 'OU-GAR-POU TOIN GE DUOIN KALOUNTE$0 QATERON
'ON 'AMFO=TERA "OMOIW$ 'EINAI LEGETE0; SCEDON GAR 'AN4 'AMFOTERW$
"EN, 'ALL' 'OU DUO 'EITHN.
QEAI ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
XE ^ 'ALL-'A*RA-GE TA 'AMFW BOULESQE0 KALEIN0 'ON:
QEAI ^ 'ISW$.


<P 244A>
XE ^ 'ALL', 'W* FILOI, FHSOMEN, 'KAN4 "OUTW TA DUO
LEGOIT' 'AN4 SAFESTATA "EN.
QEAI ^ 'ORQOTATA 'EIRHKA$.
XE ^ 'EPEIDH TOINUN "HMEI$ 'HPORHKAMEN, "UMEI$ 'AUTA
"HMIN 'EMFANIZETE3 "IKANW$, TI= POTE BOULESQE0 SHMAINEIN "OPOTAN
'ON FQEGGHSQE. DHLON GAR "W$ "UMEI$ MEN TAUTA PALAI
GIGNWSKETE0, "HMEI$ DE PRO TOU* MEN 'WIOMEQA, NU*N D' 'HPORHKAMEN.
DIDASKETE3 'OUN PRWTON TOUT' 'AUTO "HMA$, "INA MH
DOXAZWMEN MANQANEIN MEN TA LEGOMENA PAR' "UMWN, TO DE
<P 244B>
TOUTOU GIGNHTAI PAN 'TOUNANTION. TAUTA DH LEGONTE$ TE-KAI
'AXIOUNTE$ PARA TE TOUTWN KAI PARA TWN 'ALLWN "OSOI
PLEION "ENO$ LEGOUSI0 TO PAN 'EINAI, MWN, 'W* PAI, TI
PLHMMELHSOMEN:
QEAI ^ "HKISTA GE.
XE ^ TI= DE: PARA TWN "EN TO PAN LEGONTWN0 'A*R' 'OU
PEUSTEON 'EI$ DUNAMIN TI= POTE LEGOUSI0 TO 'ON:
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
XE ^ TODE TOINUN 'APOKRINESQWN. "EN POU FATE0 MONON
'EINAI: FAMEN GAR, FHSOUSIN2. 'H*-GAR:
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ TI= DE: 'ON KALEITE0 TI:
QEAI ^ NAI.
<P 244C>
XE ^ POTERON "OPER "EN, 'EPI TW*I 'AUTWI PROSCRWMENOI DUOIN
'ONOMASIN, 'H= PW*$:
QEAI ^ TI=$ 'OUN 'AUTOI$ "H META TOUT', 'W* XENE, 'APOKRISI$:
XE ^ DHLON, 'W* QEAITHTE, "OTI4 TW*I TAUTHN THN "UPOQESIN
"UPOQEMENWI PRO$ TO NU*N 'ERWTHQEN KAI PRO$ 'ALLO DE "OTIOUN
'OU PANTWN "RA*ISTON 'APOKRINASQAI.
QEAI ^ PW*$:
XE ^ TO TE DUO 'ONOMATA "OMOLOGEIN 'EINAI MHDEN QEMENON
PLHN "EN KATAGELASTON POU.
QEAI ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
XE ^ KAI TO PARAPAN GE 'APODECESQAI TOU LEGONTO$ "W$
<P 244D>
'ESTIN 'ONOMA TI, LOGON 'OUK 'AN4 'ECON.
QEAI ^ PH*I:
XE ^ TIQEI=$ TE 'TOUNOMA TOU* PRAGMATO$ "ETERON DUO LEGEI0
POU TINE.
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ KAI-MHN 'AN2 'TAUTON GE 'AUTWI TIQHI5 'TOUNOMA, 'H= MHDENO$
'ONOMA 'ANAGKASQHSETAI LEGEIN, 'EI DE TINO$ 'AUTO FHSEI2,
SUMBHSETAI TO 'ONOMA 'ONOMATO$ 'ONOMA MONON, 'ALLOU DE
'OUDENO$ 'ON.
QEAI ^ "OUTW$.
XE ^ KAI TO "EN GE, "ENO$ 'ONOMA 'ON KAI TOU* 'ONOMATO$ 'AU
TO "EN 'ON.
QEAI ^ 'ANAGKH.
XE ^ TI= DE: TO "OLON "ETERON TOU* 'ONTO$ "ENO$ 'H= 'TAUTON
FHSOUSI2 TOUTWI:
<P 244E>
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU FHSOUSI2 TE-KAI FASIN0:
XE ^ 'EI TOINUN "OLON 'ESTIN, "WSPER KAI PARMENIDH$ LEGEI0,
PANTOQEN9 'EUKUKLOU9 SFAIRH$9 'ENALIGKION9 'OGKWI9,
MESSOQEN9 'ISOPALE$9 PANTHI9; TO9 GAR9-'OUTE9 TI9 MEIZON9
'OUTE9 TI9 BAIOTERON9 PELENAI9 CREON9 'ESTI9 THI9 'H=9 THI9,
TOIOUTON GE 'ON TO 'ON MESON TE-KAI 'ESCATA 'ECEI0, TAUTA DE
'ECON PASA 'ANAGKH MERH 'ECEIN; 'H= PW*$:
QEAI ^ "OUTW$.


<P 245A>
XE ^ 'ALLA=-MHN TO GE MEMERISMENON PAQO$ MEN TOU* "ENO$
'ECEIN 'EPI TOI$ MERESI PASIN 'OUDEN 'APOKWLUEI0, KAI TAUTHI DH
PAN TE 'ON KAI "OLON "EN 'EINAI.
QEAI ^ TI= D' 'OU=:
XE ^ TO DE PEPONQO$ TAUTA 'A*R' 'OUK 'ADUNATON 'AUTO GE TO
"EN 'AUTO 'EINAI:
QEAI ^ PW*$:
XE ^ 'AMERE$ DHPOU DEI PANTELW$ TO GE 'ALHQW$ "EN KATA
TON 'ORQON LOGON 'EIRHSQAI.
QEAI ^ DEI GAR-'OUN.
<P 245B>
XE ^ TO DE-GE TOIOUTON 'EK POLLWN MERWN 'ON 'OU SUMFWNHSEI2
TW*I "OLWI8 LOGWI.
QEAI ^ MANQANW0.
XE ^ POTERON DH PAQO$ 'ECON TO 'ON TOU* "ENO$ "OUTW$ "EN TE
'ESTAI KAI "OLON, 'H= PANTAPASI MH LEGWMEN "OLON 'EINAI TO 'ON:
QEAI ^ CALEPHN PROBEBLHKA$ "AIRESIN.
XE ^ 'ALHQESTATA MENTOI LEGEI$. PEPONQO$ TE-GAR TO
'ON "EN 'EINAI PW$ 'OU 'TAUTON 'ON TW*I "ENI FANEITAI, KAI PLEONA
DH TA PANTA "ENO$ 'ESTAI.
QEAI ^ NAI.
<P 245C>
XE ^ KAI-MHN 'EA=N GE TO 'ON 'HI MH "OLON DIA= TO PEPONQENAI
TO "UP' 'EKEINOU PAQO$, 'HI DE 'AUTO TO "OLON, 'ENDEE$ TO 'ON "EAUTOU
SUMBAINEI0.
QEAI ^ PANU GE.
XE ^ KAI KATA TOUTON DH TON LOGON "EAUTOU STEROMENON
'OUK 'ON 'ESTAI TO 'ON.
QEAI ^ "OUTW$.
XE ^ KAI "ENO$ GE 'AU PLEIW TA PANTA GIGNETAI, TOU* TE
'ONTO$ KAI TOU* "OLOU CWRI$ 'IDIAN "EKATEROU FUSIN 'EILHFOTO$.
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ MH 'ONTO$ DE-GE TO PARAPAN TOU* "OLOU, 'TAUTA TE
<P 245D>
TAUTA "UPARCEI0 TW*I 'ONTI, KAI PRO$ TW*I MH 'EINAI MHD' 'AN4 GENESQAI
POTE 'ON.
QEAI ^ TI= DH:
XE ^ TO GENOMENON 'AEI GEGONEN0 "OLON; "WSTE 'OUTE 'OUSIAN
'OUTE GENESIN "W$ 'OUSAN DEI PROSAGOREUEIN TO8 "EN8 'H=8 TO "OLON
'EN TOI$ 'OUSI MH TIQENTA.
QEAI ^ PANTAPASIN 'EOIKE0 TAUQ' "OUTW$ 'ECEIN.
XE ^ KAI-MHN-'OUD' "OPOSONOUN TI DEI TO MH "OLON 'EINAI;
POSO=N TI GAR 'ON, "OPOSON 'AN4 'HI, TOSOUTON "OLON 'ANAGKAION
'AUTO 'EINAI.
QEAI ^ KOMIDHI GE.
XE ^ KAI-TOINUN 'A=LLA MURIA 'APERANTOU$ 'APORIA$ "EKASTON
<P 245E>
'EILHFO$ FANEITAI TW*I TO 'ON 'EI=TE DUO TINE 'EI=TE "EN MONON 'EINAI
LEGONTI.
QEAI ^ DHLOI0 SCEDON KAI TA NU*N "UPOFAINONTA; SUNAPTETAI
GAR "ETERON 'EX 'ALLOU, MEIZW KAI CALEPWTERAN FERON
PERI= TWN 'EMPROSQEN 'AEI "RHQENTWN5 PLANHN.
XE ^ TOU$ MEN-TOINUN DIAKRIBOLOGOUMENOU$ 'ONTO$ TE PE=RI
KAI MH, PANTA$ MEN 'OU DIELHLUQAMEN, "OMW$ DE "IKANW$ 'ECETW;
TOU$ DE 'ALLW$ LEGONTA$ 'AU QEATEON, "IN' 'EK PANTWN 'IDWMEN


<P 246A>
"OTI4 TO 'ON TOU* MH 'ONTO$ 'OUDEN 'EUPORWTERON 'EIPEIN "OTI2 POT'
'ESTIN.
QEAI ^ 'OUKOU*N POREUESQAI CRH KAI 'EPI TOUTOU$.
XE ^ KAI-MHN 'EOIKE0 GE 'EN 'AUTOI$ "OION GIGANTOMACIA TI$
'EINAI DIA= THN 'AMFISBHTHSIN PERI= TH$ 'OUSIA$ PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$.
QEAI ^ PW*$:
XE ^ "OI MEN 'EI$ GHN 'EX 'OURANOU KAI TOU* 'AORATOU PANTA
"ELKOUSI0, TAI$ CERSIN 'ATECNW$ PETRA$ KAI DRU$ PERILAMBANONTE$.
TWN GAR TOIOUTWN 'EFAPTOMENOI PANTWN DIISCURIZONTAI
TOUTO 'EINAI MONON "O= PARECEI0 PROSBOLHN KAI 'EPAFHN
<P 246B>
TINA, 'TAUTON SWMA KAI 'OUSIAN "ORIZOMENOI, TWN DE 'ALLWN 'EI
TI$ TI7 FHSEI2 MH SWMA 'ECON 'EINAI, KATAFRONOUNTE$ TO
PARAPAN KAI 'OUDEN 'EQELONTE$ 'ALLO 'AKOUEIN.
QEAI ^ 'H* DEINOU$ 'EIRHKA$ 'ANDRA$; 'HDH GAR-KAI 'EGW
TOUTWN SUCNOI$ PROSETUCON.
XE ^ TOIGAROUN "OI PRO$ 'AUTOU$ 'AMFISBHTOUNTE$ MALA
'EULABW$ 'ANWQEN 'EX 'AORATOU POQEN 'AMUNONTAI, NOHTA 'ATTA
KAI 'ASWMATA 'EIDH BIAZOMENOI THN 'ALHQINHN 'OUSIAN 'EINAI;
TA DE 'EKEINWN SWMATA KAI THN LEGOMENHN "UP' 'AUTWN 'ALHQEIAN
<P 246C>
KATA SMIKRA DIAQRAUONTE$ 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$ GENESIN 'ANT' 'OUSIA$
FEROMENHN TINA PROSAGOREUOUSIN0. 'EN MESWI DE PERI= TAUTA
'APLETO$ 'AMFOTERWN MACH TI$, 'W* QEAITHTE, 'AEI SUNESTHKEN0.
QEAI ^ 'ALHQH.
XE ^ PAR' 'AMFOIN TOINUN TOIN GENOIN KATA MERO$ LABWMEN
LOGON "UPER "H$ TIQENTAI TH$ 'OUSIA$.
QEAI ^ PW*$ 'OUN-DH LHYOMEQA:
XE ^ PARA MEN TWN 'EN 'EIDESIN 'AUTHN TIQEMENWN "RA*ION,
"HMERWTEROI GAR; PARA DE TWN 'EI$ SWMA PANTA "ELKONTWN0
<P 246D>
BIA\ CALEPWTERON, 'ISW$ DE-KAI SCEDON 'ADUNATON. 'ALL' "WDE
MOI DEIN DOKEI0 PERI= 'AUTWN DRAN.
QEAI ^ PW*$:
XE ^ MALISTA MEN, 'EI PHI DUNATON 'H*N, 'ERGWI BELTIOU$
'AUTOU$ POIEIN; 'EI DE TOUTO MH 'EGCWREI0, LOGWI POIWMEN,
"UPOTIQEMENOI NOMIMWTERON 'AUTOU$ 'H= NU*N 'EQELONTA$ 'AN4 'APOKRINASQAI.
TO GAR "OMOLOGHQEN PARA BELTIONWN POU KURIWTERON
'H= TO PARA CEIRONWN; "HMEI$ DE 'OU TOUTWN FRONTIZOMEN, 'ALLA=
'TALHQE$ ZHTOUMEN.
<P 246E>
QEAI ^ 'ORQOTATA.
XE ^ KELEUE DH TOU$ BELTIOU$ GEGONOTA$ 'APOKRINASQAI
SOI4, KAI TO LECQEN PAR' 'AUTWN 'AFERMHNEUE.
QEAI ^ TAUT' 'ESTAI.
XE ^ LEGONTWN20 DH QNHTON ZWION 'EI FASIN0 'EINAI TI.
QEAI ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
XE ^ TOUTO DE 'OU SWMA 'EMYUCON "OMOLOGOUSIN0:
QEAI ^ PANU GE.
XE ^ TIQENTE$ TI TWN 'ONTWN0 YUCHN:


<P 247A>
QEAI?= NAI.
XE ^ TI= DE: YUCHN 'OU THN MEN DIKAIAN, THN DE 'ADIKON
FASIN0 'EINAI, KAI THN MEN FRONIMON, THN DE 'AFRONA:
QEAI ^ TI= MHN:
XE ^ 'ALL' 'OU DIKAIOSUNH$ "EXEI KAI PAROUSIA\ TOIAUTHN
'AUTWN "EKASTHN GIGNESQAI, KAI TWN 'ENANTIWN THN 'ENANTIAN:
QEAI ^ NAI, KAI TAUTA SUMFASIN0.
XE ^ 'ALLA=-MHN TO GE DUNATON TWI PARAGIGNESQAI KAI
'APOGIGNESQAI PANTW$ 'EINAI TI FHSOUSIN2.
QEAI ^ FASI0 MEN-'OUN.
<P 247B>
XE ^ 'OUSH$ 'OUN DIKAIOSUNH$ KAI FRONHSEW$ KAI TH$
'ALLH$ 'ARETH$ KAI TWN 'ENANTIWN, KAI-DH-KAI YUCH$ 'EN "HI
TAUTA 'EGGIGNETAI, POTERON "ORATON KAI "APTON 'EINAI FASI0 TI
'AUTWN 'H= PANTA 'AORATA:
QEAI ^ SCEDON 'OUDEN TOUTWN GE "ORATON.
XE ^ TI= DE TWN TOIOUTWN: MWN SWMA TI LEGOUSIN0 'ISCEIN:
QEAI ^ TOUTO 'OUKETI KATA 'TAUTA 'APOKRINONTAI PAN, 'ALLA=
THN MEN YUCHN 'AUTHN DOKEIN SFISI SWMA TI KEKTHSQAI,
FRONHSIN DE-KAI TWN 'ALLWN "EKASTON "WN 'HRWTHKA$, 'AISCUNONTAI
<P 247C>
TO TOLMAN 'H= MHDEN TWN 'ONTWN0 'AUTA "OMOLOGEIN 'H=
PANT' 'EINAI SWMATA DIISCURIZESQAI.
XE ^ SAFW$ GAR "HMIN, 'W* QEAITHTE, BELTIOU$ GEGONASIN
"ANDRE$; 'EPEI TOUTWN 'OUD' 'AN4 "EN 'EPAISCUNQEIEN "OI GE 'AUTWN
SPARTOI TE-KAI 'AUTOCQONE$, 'ALLA= DIATEINOINT' 'AN4 PAN "O= MH
DUNATOI TAI$ CERSI SUMPIEZEIN 'EISIN, "W$ 'A=RA TOUTO 'OUDEN TO
PARAPAN 'ESTIN.
QEAI ^ SCEDON "OI*A DIANOOUNTAI LEGEI$.
XE ^ PALIN TOINUN 'ANERWTWMEN2 'AUTOU$; 'EI GAR TI KAI
<P 247D>
SMIKRON 'EQELOUSI0 TWN 'ONTWN0 SUGCWREIN 'ASWMATON, 'EXARKEI0.
TO GAR 'EPI TE TOUTOI$ "AMA KAI 'EP' 'EKEINOI$ "OSA 'ECEI0 SWMA
SUMFUE$ GEGONO$, 'EI$ "O= BLEPONTE$ 'AMFO=TERA 'EINAI LEGOUSI0,
TOUTO 'AUTOI$ "RHTEON. TAC' 'OUN 'ISW$ 'AN4 'APOROIEN; 'EI DH
TI TOIOUTON PEPONQASI, SKOPEI5, PROTEINOMENWN "HMWN, 'A*R'
'EQELOIEN 'AN4 DECESQAI KAI "OMOLOGEIN TOIOND' 'EINAI TO 'ON.
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON DH: LEGE, KAI TACA 'EISOMEQA.
XE ^ LEGW0 DH TO KAI "OPOIANOUN TINA8 KEKTHMENON DUNAMIN
<P 247E>
'EI=T' 'EI$ TO POIEIN "ETERON "OTIOUN PEFUKO$ 'EI=T' 'EI$ TO PAQEIN
KAI SMIKROTATON "UPO TOU* FAULOTATOU, 'KAN4 'EI MONON 'EI$ "APAX,
PAN TOUTO 'ONTW$ 'EINAI; TIQEMAI GAR "ORON "ORIZEIN8 TA 'ONTA
"W$ 'ESTIN 'OUK 'ALLO TI PLHN DUNAMI$.
QEAI ^ 'ALL' 'EPEIPER 'AUTOI GE 'OUK 'ECOUSIN0 'EN TW*I PARONTI
TOUTOU BELTION LEGEIN, DECONTAI TOUTO.
XE ^ KALW$; 'ISW$ GAR 'AN4 'EI$ "USTERON "HMIN TE-KAI TOUTOI$


<P 248A>
"ETERON 'AN4 FANEIH. PRO$ MEN-'OUN TOUTOU$ TOUTO "HMIN 'ENTAUQA
MENETW SUNOMOLOGHQEN.
QEAI ^ MENEI0.
XE ^ PRO$ DH TOU$ "ETEROU$ 'IWMEN, TOU$ TWN 'EIDWN FILOU$;
SU D' "HMIN KAI TA PARA TOUTWN 'AFERMHNEUE.
QEAI ^ TAUT' 'ESTAI.
XE ^ GENESIN, THN DE 'OUSIAN CWRI$ POU DIELOMENOI LEGETE0:
'H*-GAR:
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ KAI SWMATI MEN "HMA$ GENESEI DI' 'AISQHSEW$ KOINWNEIN,
DIA= LOGISMOU DE YUCHI PRO$ THN 'ONTW$ 'OUSIAN,
"HN 'AEI KATA 'TAUTA "WSAUTW$ 'ECEIN FATE0, GENESIN DE 'ALLOTE
'ALLW$.
<P 248B>
QEAI ^ FAMEN GAR-'OUN.
XE ^ TO DE-DH KOINWNEIN, 'W* PANTWN 'ARISTOI, TI= TOUQ' "UMA$
'EP' 'AMFOIN LEGEIN FWMEN: 'A*R' 'OU TO NUNDH PAR' "HMWN "RHQEN:
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ PAQHMA 'H= POIHMA 'EK DUNAMEW$ TINO$ 'APO TWN PRO$
'ALLHLA SUNIONTWN0 GIGNOMENON. TAC' 'OUN, 'W* QEAITHTE, 'AUTWN
THN PRO$ TAUTA 'APOKRISIN SU MEN 'OU KATAKOUEI$, 'EGW DE 'ISW$
DIA= SUNHQEIAN.
QEAI ^ TI=N' 'OUN-DH LEGOUSI0 LOGON:
<P 248C>
XE ^ 'OU SUGCWROUSIN0 "HMIN TO NUNDH "RHQEN PRO$ TOU$
GHGENEI$ 'OUSIA$ PE=RI.
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ "IKANON 'EQEMEN "ORON POU TWN 'ONTWN0, "OTAN TWI PARHI5
"H TOU* PASCEIN 'H= DRAN KAI PRO$ TO SMIKROTATON DUNAMI$:
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ PRO$ DH TAUTA TODE LEGOUSIN0, "OTI4 GENESEI MEN
METESTI TOU* PASCEIN KAI POIEIN DUNAMEW$, PRO$ DE 'OUSIAN
TOUTWN 'OUDETEROU THN DUNAMIN "ARMOTTEIN FASIN0.
QEAI ^ 'OUKOU*N LEGOUSI0 TI:
XE ^ PRO$ "O= GE LEKTEON "HMIN "OTI4 DEOMEQA PAR' 'AUTWN
<P 248D>
'ETI PUQESQAI SAFESTERON 'EI PROSOMOLOGOUSI0 THN MEN YUCHN
GIGNWSKEIN, THN D' 'OUSIAN GIGNWSKESQAI.
QEAI ^ FASI0 MHN TOUTO GE.
XE ^ TI= DE: TO GIGNWSKEIN 'H= TO GIGNWSKESQAI FATE0
POIHMA 'H= PAQO$ 'H= 'AMFOTERON: 'H= TO MEN PAQHMA, TO DE
QATERON: 'H= PANTAPASIN 'OUDETERON 'OUDETEROU TOUTWN
METALAMBANEIN:
QEAI ^ DHLON "W$ 'OUDETERON 'OUDETEROU; 'TANANTIA GAR 'AN4
TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN LEGOIEN.
XE ^ MANQANW0; TODE GE, "W$ TO GIGNWSKEIN 'EIPER 'ESTAI
<P 248E>
POIEIN TI, TO GIGNWSKOMENON 'ANAGKAION 'AU SUMBAINEI0 PASCEIN.
THN 'OUSIAN DH KATA TON LOGON TOUTON GIGNWSKOMENHN "UPO TH$
GNWSEW$, KAQ' "OSON GIGNWSKETAI, KATA TOSOUTON KINEISQAI DIA=
TO PASCEIN, "O= DH FAMEN 'OUK 'AN4 GENESQAI PERI= TO 'HREMOUN.
QEAI ^ 'ORQW$.
XE ^ TI= DE PRO$ DIO$: "W$ 'ALHQW$ KINHSIN KAI ZWHN KAI
YUCHN KAI FRONHSIN 'H* "RA\DIW$ PEISQHSOMEQA TW*I PANTELW$


<P 249A>
'ONTI MH PAREINAI, MHDE ZHN 'AUTO MHDE FRONEIN, 'ALLA= SEMNON
KAI "AGION, NOUN 'OUK 'ECON, 'AKINHTON "ESTO$ 'EINAI:
QEAI ^ DEINON 'MENTAN4, 'W* XENE, LOGON SUGCWROIMEN.
XE ^ 'ALLA= NOUN MEN 'ECEIN, ZWHN DE MH FWMEN:
QEAI ^ KAI PW*$:
XE ^ 'ALLA= TAUTA MEN 'AMFO=TERA 'ENONT' 'AUTWI LEGOMEN, 'OU-MHN
'EN YUCHI GE FHSOMEN 'AUTO 'ECEIN 'AUTA:
QEAI ^ KAI TI=N' 'AN4 "ETERON 'ECOI TROPON:
XE ^ 'ALLA=-DHTA NOUN MEN-KAI ZWHN KAI YUCHN 'ECEIN7,
'AKINHTON MENTOI TO PARAPAN 'EMYUCON 'ON "ESTANAI:
<P 249B>
QEAI ^ PANTA 'EMOIGE 'ALOGA TAUT' 'EINAI FAINETAI.
XE ^ KAI TO KINOUMENON DH-KAI KINHSIN SUGCWRHTEON "W$
'ONTA.
QEAI ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
XE ^ SUMBAINEI0 D'-'OUN, 'W* QEAITHTE, 'AKINHTWN TE 'ONTWN0
NOUN MHDENI PERI= MHDENO$ 'EINAI MHDAMOU.
QEAI ^ KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ KAI-MHN 'EA=N 'AU FEROMENA KAI KINOUMENA PANT' 'EINAI
SUGCWRWMEN, KAI TOUTWI TW*I LOGWI 'TAUTON TOUTO 'EK TWN 'ONTWN0
'EXAIRHSOMEN.
QEAI ^ PW*$:
XE ^ TO KATA 'TAUTA KAI "WSAUTW$ KAI PERI= TO 'AUTO DOKEI0
<P 249C>
SOI4 CWRI$ STASEW$ GENESQAI POT' 'AN4:
QEAI ^ 'OUDAMW$.
XE ^ TI= D': 'ANEU TOUTWN NOUN KAQORA*I$0 'ONTA 'H= GENOMENON
'AN4 KAI "OPOUOUN:
QEAI ^ "HKISTA.
XE ^ KAI-MHN PRO$ GE TOUTON PANTI LOGWI MACETEON, "O$4
'AN4 'EPISTHMHN 'H= FRONHSIN 'H= NOUN 'AFANIZWN 'ISCURIZHTAI PERI=
TINO$ "OPHIOUN.
QEAI ^ SFO=DRA GE.
XE ^ TW*I DH FILOSOFWI KAI TAUTA MALISTA TIMWNTI PASA,
"W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'ANAGKH DIA= TAUTA MHTE TWN "EN 'H=-KAI TA POLLA
<P 249D>
'EIDH LEGONTWN0 TO PAN "ESTHKO$ 'APODECESQAI, TWN TE 'AU
PANTACHI TO 'ON KINOUNTWN0 MHDE TO PARAPAN 'AKOUEIN, 'ALLA=
KATA THN TWN PAIDWN 'EUCHN, "OSA 'AKINHTA KAI KEKINHMENA, TO
'ON TE-KAI TO PAN SUNAMFO=TERA LEGEIN.
QEAI ^ 'ALHQESTATA.
XE ^ TI= 'OUN: 'A*R' 'OUK 'EPIEIKW$ 'HDH FAINOMEQA PERIEILHFENAI
TW*I LOGWI TO 'ON:
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ BABAI MENT'88 'AN884 'A=RA88, 'W* QEAITHTE, "W$ MOI DOKOUMEN
NU*N 'AUTOU4 GNWSESQAI PE=RI THN 'APORIAN TH$ SKEYEW$.
<P 249E>
QEAI ^ PW*$ 'AU KAI TI= TOUT' 'EIRHKA$:
XE ^ 'W* MAKARIE, 'OUK 'ENNOEI$ "OTI4 NU*N 'ESMEN 'EN 'AGNOIA\
THI PLEISTHI PERI= 'AUTOU4, FAINOMEQA DE TI LEGEIN
"HMIN-'AUTOI$:
QEAI ^ 'EMOI4 GOUN; "OPHI D' 'AU LELHQAMEN "OUTW$ 'ECONTE$,
'OU PANU SUNIHMI.
XE ^ SKOPEI5 DH SAFESTERON 'EI TA NU*N SUNOMOLOGOUNTE$


<P 250A>
DIKAIW$ 'AN4 'EPERWTHQEIMEN "APER 'AUTOI TO=TE 'HRWTWMEN TOU$
LEGONTA$ 'EINAI TO PAN QERMON KAI YUCRON.
QEAI ^ POI*A: "UPOMNHSON2 ME.
XE ^ PANU MEN-'OUN; KAI PEIRASOMAI GE DRAN TOUTO
'ERWTWN SE KAQAPER 'EKEINOU$ TO=TE, "INA "AMA TI KAI
PROIWMEN.
QEAI ^ 'ORQW$.
XE ^ 'EIEN DH, KINHSIN KAI STASIN 'A*R' 'OUK 'ENANTIWTATA
LEGEI$ 'ALLHLOI$:
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
XE ^ KAI-MHN 'EINAI GE "OMOIW$ FH=I$ 'AMFO=TERA 'AUTA KAI
"EKATERON:
<P 250B>
QEAI ^ FHMI GAR-'OUN.
XE ^ 'A*RA KINEISQAI LEGWN 'AMFO=TERA KAI "EKATERON, "OTAN
'EINAI SUGCWRHI$:
QEAI ^ 'OUDAMW$.
XE ^ 'ALL' "ESTANAI SHMAINEI$ LEGWN 'AUTA 'AMFO=TERA 'EINAI:
QEAI ^ KAI PW*$:
XE ^ TRITON 'A=RA TI PARA TAUTA TO 'ON 'EN THI YUCHI TIQEI=$,
"W$ "UP' 'EKEINOU THN TE STASIN KAI THN KINHSIN PERIECOMENHN,
SULLABWN KAI 'APIDWN 'AUTWN PRO$ THN TH$ 'OUSIA$ KOINWNIAN,
"OUTW$ 'EINAI PROSEIPA$ 'AMFO=TERA:
<P 250C>
QEAI ^ KINDUNEUOMEN "W$ 'ALHQW$ TRITON 'APOMANTEUESQAI
TI TO 'ON, "OTAN KINHSIN KAI STASIN 'EINAI LEGWMEN.
XE ^ 'OUK-'A=RA KINHSI$ KAI STASI$ 'ESTI SUNAMFOTERON TO
'ON 'ALL' "ETERON DH TI TOUTWN.
QEAI ^ 'EOIKEN0.
XE ^ KATA THN "AUTOU FUSIN 'A=RA TO 'ON 'OUTE "ESTHKEN0 'OUTE
KINEITAI.
QEAI ^ SCEDON.
XE ^ POI* DH CRH THN DIANOIAN 'ETI TREPEIN TON BOULOMENON
'ENARGE$ TI PERI= 'AUTOU4 PAR' "EAUTWI BEBAIWSASQAI:
QEAI ^ POI* GAR:
XE ^ 'OIMAI MEN 'OUDAMOSE 'ETI "RA\DION. 'EI GAR TI MH
<P 250D>
KINEITAI, PW*$ 'OUC "ESTHKEN0: 'H= TO MHDAMW$ "ESTO$ PW*$ 'OUK
'AU KINEITAI: TO DE 'ON "HMIN NU*N 'EKTO$ TOUTWN 'AMFOTERWN
'ANAPEFANTAI. 'H* DUNATON 'OUN TOUTO:
QEAI ^ PANTWN MEN-'OUN 'ADUNATWTATON.
XE ^ TODE TOINUN MNHSQHNAI DIKAION 'EPI TOUTOI$.
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ "OTI4 TOU* MH 'ONTO$ 'ERWTHQENTE$ 'TOUNOMA 'EF' "OTI2
POTE DEI FEREIN, PASHI SUNESCOMEQA 'APORIA\. MEMNHSAI:
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
<P 250E>
XE ^ MWN-'OUN 'EN 'ELATTONI TINI NU*N 'ESMEN 'APORIA\ PERI=
TO 'ON:
QEAI ^ 'EMOI4 MEN, 'W* XENE, 'EI DUNATON 'EIPEIN, 'EN PLEIONI
FAINOMEQA.
XE ^ TOUTO MEN-TOINUN 'ENTAUQA KEISQW DIHPORHMENON;
'EPEIDH DE 'EX 'ISOU TO TE 'ON KAI TO MH 'ON 'APORIA$ METEILHFATON,
NU*N 'ELPI$ 'HDH KAQAPER 'AN4 'AUTWN QATERON 'EI=TE
'AMUDROTERON 'EI=TE SAFESTERON 'ANAFAINHTAI, KAI QATERON "OUTW$


<P 251A>
'ANAFAINESQAI; KAI 'EA=N 'AU MHDETERON 'IDEIN DUNWMEQA, TON
GOUN LOGON "OPHIPER 'AN4 "OIOI-TE-'WMEN 'EUPREPESTATA DIWSOMEQA
"OUTW$ 'AMFOIN "AMA.
QEAI ^ KALW$.
XE ^ LEGWMEN DH KAQ' "ONTINA POTE TROPON POLLOI$ 'ONOMASI
'TAUTON TOUTO "EKASTOTE PROSAGOREUOMEN.
QEAI ^ "OION DH TI=: PARADEIGMA 'EIPE=.
XE ^ LEGOMEN 'ANQRWPON DHPOU POLL' 'ATTA 'EPONOMAZONTE$,
TA TE CRWMATA 'EPIFERONTE$ 'AUTWI KAI TA SCHMATA KAI MEGEQH
KAI KAKIA$ KAI 'ARETA$, 'EN "OI$ PASI KAI "ETEROI$ MURIOI$ 'OU MONON
<P 251B>
'ANQRWPON 'AUTON 'EINAI FAMEN, 'ALLA=-KAI 'AGAQON KAI "E=TERA
'APEIRA, KAI 'TALLA DH KATA TON 'AUTON LOGON "OUTW$ "EN "EKASTON
"UPOQEMENOI PALIN 'AUTO POLLA KAI POLLOI$ 'ONOMASI LEGOMEN.
QEAI ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
XE ^ "OQEN GE 'OIMAI TOI$ TE NEOI$ KAI TWN GERONTWN TOI$
'OYIMAQESI QOINHN PARESKEUAKAMEN; 'EUQU$ GAR 'ANTILABESQAI
PANTI PROCEIRON "W$ 'ADUNATON TA TE POLLA "EN KAI TO "EN
POLLA 'EINAI, KAI-DHPOU CAIROUSIN0 'OUK 'EWNTE$ 'AGAQON LEGEIN
<P 251C>
'ANQRWPON, 'ALLA= TO MEN 'AGAQON 'AGAQON, TON DE 'ANQRWPON
'ANQRWPON. 'ENTUGCANEI$ GAR, 'W* QEAITHTE, "W$ 'EGWIMAI,
POLLAKI$ TA TOIAUTA 'ESPOUDAKOSIN, 'ENIOTE PRESBUTEROI$
'ANQRWPOI$, KAI "UPO PENIA$ TH$ PERI= FRONHSIN KTHSEW$ TA
TOIAUTA TEQAUMAKOSI, KAI-DH TI KAI PASSOFON 'OIOMENOI$
TOUTO 'AUTO 'ANHURHKENAI.
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ "INA TOINUN PRO$ "APANTA$ "HMIN "O LOGO$ 'HI TOU$
<P 251D>
PWPOTE PERI= 'OUSIA$ KAI "OTIOUN DIALECQENTA$, 'ESTW KAI PRO$
TOUTOU$ KAI PRO$ TOU$ 'ALLOU$, "OSOI$ 'EMPROSQEN DIEILEGMEQA,
TA NU*N "W$ 'EN 'ERWTHSEI LECQHSOMENA.
QEAI ^ TA POI*A DH:
XE ^ POTERON MHTE THN 'OUSIAN KINHSEI KAI STASEI PROSAPTWMEN
MHTE 'ALLO 'ALLWI MHDEN MHDENI, 'ALL' "W$ 'AMEIKTA 'ONTA
KAI 'ADUNATON METALAMBANEIN 'ALLHLWN "OUTW$ 'AUTA 'EN TOI$ PAR'
"HMIN LOGOI$ TIQWMEN: 'H= PANTA 'EI$ 'TAUTON SUNAGAGWMEN "W$
DUNATA 'EPIKOINWNEIN 'ALLHLOI$: 'H= TA MEN, TA DE MH: TOUTWN,
<P 251E>
'W* QEAITHTE, TI= POT' 'AN4 'AUTOU$ PROAIREISQAI FHSOMEN:
QEAI ^ 'EGW MEN "UPER 'AUTWN 'OUDEN 'ECW0 PRO$ TAUTA
'APOKRINASQAI.
XE ^ TI= 'OUN 'OU KAQ' "EN 'APOKRINOMENO$ 'EF' "EKASTOU TA
SUMBAINONTA 'ESKEYW:
QEAI ^ KALW$ LEGEI$.
XE ^ KAI TIQWMEN GE 'AUTOU$ LEGEIN, 'EI BOULEI, PRWTON
MHDENI MHDEN MHDEMIAN DUNAMIN 'ECEIN KOINWNIA$ 'EI$ MHDEN.
'OUKOU*N KINHSI$ TE-KAI STASI$ 'OUDAMHI MEQEXETON 'OUSIA$:


<P 252A>
QEAI ^ 'OU-GAR-'OUN.
XE ^ TI= DE: 'ESTAI POTERON 'AUTWN 'OUSIA$ MH
PROSKOINWNOUN:
QEAI ^ 'OUK 'ESTAI.
XE ^ TACU DH TAUTHI GE THI SUNOMOLOGIA\ PANTA 'ANASTATA
GEGONEN0, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "AMA TE TWN TO PAN KINOUNTWN0 KAI TWN
"W$ "EN "ISTANTWN3 KAI "OSOI KAT' 'EIDH TA 'ONTA KATA 'TAUTA
"WSAUTW$ 'ECONTA 'EINAI FASIN0 'AEI; PANTE$ GAR "OUTOI TO GE
'EINAI PROSAPTOUSIN0, "OI MEN 'ONTW$ KINEISQAI LEGONTE$, "OI DE
'ONTW$ "ESTHKOT' 'EINAI.
QEAI ^ KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN.
<P 252B>
XE ^ KAI-MHN-KAI "OSOI TOTE= MEN SUNTIQEASI TA PANTA,
TOTE= DE DIAIROUSIN0, 'EI=TE 'EI$ "EN KAI 'EX "ENO$ 'APEIRA 'EI=TE 'EI$
PERA$ 'ECONTA STOICEIA DIAIROUMENOI KAI 'EK TOUTWN SUNTIQENTE$,
"OMOIW$ MEN 'EA=N 'EN MEREI TOUTO TIQWSI GIGNOMENON,
"OMOIW$ DE-KAI 'EA=N 'AEI, KATA PANTA TAUTA LEGOIEN 'AN4 'OUDEN,
'EIPER MHDEMIA 'ESTI SUMMEIXI$.
QEAI ^ 'ORQW$.
XE ^ 'ETI TOINUN 'AN4 'AUTOI PANTWN KATAGELASTOTATA
METIOIEN TON LOGON "OI MHDEN 'EWNTE$ KOINWNIA\ PAQHMATO$
"ETEROU QATERON PROSAGOREUEIN.
<P 252C>
QEAI ^ PW*$:
XE ^ TW*I TE 'EINAI POU PERI= PANTA 'ANAGKAZONTAI
CRHSQAI KAI TW*I CWRI$ KAI TW*I TWN 'ALLWN KAI TW*I
KAQ' "AUTO KAI MURIOI$ "ETEROI$, "WN 'AKRATEI$ 'ONTE$
'EIRGESQAI KAI MH SUNAPTEIN 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$ 'OUK 'ALLWN
DEONTAI TWN 'EXELEGXONTWN, 'ALLA= TO LEGOMENON 'OIKOQEN
TON POLEMION KAI 'ENANTIWSOMENON 'ECONTE$, 'ENTO$ "UPOFQEGGOMENON
"WSPER TON 'ATOPON 'EURUKLEA PERIFERONTE$ 'AEI
POREUONTAI.
<P 252D>
QEAI ^ KOMIDHI LEGEI$ "OMOION TE-KAI 'ALHQE$.
XE ^ TI= D', 'AN2 PANTA 'ALLHLOI$ 'EWMEN2 DUNAMIN 'ECEIN
'EPIKOINWNIA$:
QEAI ^ TOUTO MEN "OIO$-TE 'KAGW DIALUEIN.
XE ^ PW*$:
QEAI ^ "OTI4 KINHSI$ TE 'AUTH PANTAPASIN "ISTAIT' 'AN4 KAI
STASI$ 'AU PALIN 'AUTH KINOITO, 'EIPER 'EPIGIGNOISQHN 'EP'
'ALLHLOIN.
XE ^ 'ALLA=-MHN TOUTO GE-POU TAI$ MEGISTAI$ 'ANAGKAI$
'ADUNATON, KINHSIN TE "ISTASQAI KAI STASIN KINEISQAI:
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
XE ^ TO TRITON DH MONON LOIPON.
QEAI ^ NAI.
<P 252E>
XE ^ KAI-MHN "EN GE TI TOUTWN 'ANAGKAION, 'H= PANTA 'H=
MHDEN 'H= TA MEN 'EQELEIN, TA DE MH SUMMEIGNUSQAI.
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
XE ^ KAI-MHN TA GE DUO 'ADUNATON "HUREQH.
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ PA$ 'A=RA "O BOULOMENO$ 'ORQW$ 'APOKRINESQAI TO LOIPON
TWN TRIWN QHSEI2.
QEAI ^ KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ "OTE DH TA MEN 'EQELEI0 TOUTO DRAN, TA D' 'OU=, SCEDON


<P 253A>
"OION TA GRAMMATA PEPONQOT' 'AN4 'EIH. KAI-GAR 'EKEINWN TA
MEN 'ANARMOSTEI0 POU PRO$ 'ALLHLA, TA DE SUNARMOTTEI0.
QEAI ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
XE ^ TA DE-GE FWNHENTA DIAFERONTW$ TWN 'ALLWN "OION
DESMO$ DIA= PANTWN KECWRHKEN0, "WSTE 'ANEU TINO$ 'AUTWN
'ADUNATON "ARMOTTEIN KAI TWN 'ALLWN "ETERON "ETERWI.
QEAI ^ KAI MALA GE.
XE ^ PA$ 'OUN 'OIDEN "OPOI*A "OPOIOI$ DUNATA KOINWNEIN, 'H=
TECNH$ DEI0 TW*I MELLONTI DRAN "IKANW$ 'AUTO:
QEAI ^ TECNH$.
XE ^ POI=A$:
QEAI ^ TH$ GRAMMATIKH$.
<P 253B>
XE ^ TI= DE: PERI= TOU$ TWN 'OXEWN KAI BAREWN FQOGGOU$
'A*R' 'OUC "OUTW$: "O MEN TOU$ SUGKERANNUMENOU$ TE-KAI MH
TECNHN 'ECWN GIGNWSKEIN MOUSIKO$, "O DE MH SUNIEI=$ 'AMOUSO$:
QEAI ^ "OUTW$.
XE ^ KAI KATA TWN 'ALLWN DH TECNWN KAI 'ATECNIWN
TOIAUTA "EURHSOMEN "E=TERA.
QEAI ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
XE ^ TI= D': 'EPEIDH KAI TA GENH PRO$ 'ALLHLA KATA 'TAUTA
MEIXEW$ 'ECEIN "WMOLOGHKAMEN, 'A*R' 'OU MET' 'EPISTHMH$ TINO$
'ANAGKAION DIA= TWN LOGWN POREUESQAI TON 'ORQW$ MELLONTA
DEIXEIN POI*A POI=OI$ SUMFWNEI0 TWN GENWN KAI POI*A 'ALLHLA
<P 253C>
'OU DECETAI: KAI-DH-KAI DIA= PANTWN 'EI SUNECONT' 'ATT' 'AUT'
'ESTIN, "WSTE SUMMEIGNUSQAI DUNATA 'EINAI, KAI PALIN 'EN TAI$
DIAIRESESIN, 'EI DI' "OLWN "E=TERA TH$ DIAIRESEW$ 'AITIA:
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OUK 'EPISTHMH$ DEI0, KAI SCEDON GE 'ISW$
TH$ MEGISTH$:
XE ^ TI=N' 'OUN 'AU NU*N8 PROSEROUMEN2, 'W* QEAITHTE, TAUTHN:
'H= PRO$ DIO$ 'ELAQOMEN 'EI$ THN TWN 'ELEUQERWN 'EMPESONTE$
'EPISTHMHN, KAI KINDUNEUOMEN ZHTOUNTE$ TON SOFISTHN PROTERON
'ANHURHKENAI TON FILOSOFON:
QEAI ^ PW*$ LEGEI$:
<P 253D>
XE ^ TO KATA GENH DIAIREISQAI KAI-MHTE 'TAUTON 'EIDO$
"ETERON "HGHSASQAI MHTE "ETERON 'ON 'TAUTON MWN 'OU TH$ DIALEKTIKH$
FHSOMEN 'EPISTHMH$ 'EINAI:
QEAI ^ NAI, FHSOMEN.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N "O GE TOUTO DUNATO$ DRAN MIAN 'IDEAN DIA=
POLLWN, "ENO$ "EKASTOU KEIMENOU CWRI$, PANTHI DIATETAMENHN
"IKANW$ DIAISQANETAI, KAI POLLA$ "ETERA$ 'ALLHLWN "UPO MIA$
'EXWQEN PERIECOMENA$, KAI MIAN 'AU DI' "OLWN POLLWN 'EN "ENI
SUNHMMENHN, KAI POLLA$ CWRI$ PANTHI DIWRISMENA$; TOUTO D'
<P 253E>
'ESTIN, "HI TE KOINWNEIN "EKASTA DUNATAI KAI "OPHI MH, DIAKRINEIN0
KATA GENO$ 'EPISTASQAI.
QEAI ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ 'ALLA=-MHN TO GE DIALEKTIKON 'OUK 'ALLWI DWSEI$,
"W$ 'EGWIMAI, PLHN TW*I KAQARW$ TE-KAI DIKAIW$
FILOSOFOUNTI.
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'AN4 'ALLWI DOIH TI$:
XE ^ TON MEN-DH FILOSOFON 'EN TOIOUTWI TINI TOPWI KAI NU*N
KAI 'EPEITA 'ANEURHSOMEN 'EA=N ZHTWMEN, 'IDEIN MEN CALEPON


<P 254A>
'ENARGW$ KAI TOUTON, "ETERON MHN TROPON "H TE TOU* SOFISTOU
CALEPOTH$ "H TE TOUTOU.
QEAI ^ PW*$:
XE ^ "O MEN 'APODIDRASKWN 'EI$ THN TOU* MH 'ONTO$ SKOTEINOTHTA,
TRIBHI PROSAPTOMENO$ 'AUTH$, DIA= TO SKOTEINON TOU*
TOPOU KATANOHSAI0 CALEPO$; 'H*-GAR:
QEAI ^ 'EOIKEN0.
XE ^ "O DE-GE FILOSOFO$, THI TOU* 'ONTO$ 'AEI DIA= LOGISMWN
PROSKEIMENO$ 'IDEA\, DIA= TO LAMPRON 'AU TH$ CWRA$ 'OUDAMW$
'EUPETH$ 'OFQHNAI; TA GAR TH$ TWN POLLWN YUCH$ 'OMMATA
<P 254B>
KARTEREIN PRO$ TO QEION 'AFORWNTA 'ADUNATA.
QEAI ^ KAI TAUTA 'EIKO$ 'OUC "HTTON 'EKEINWN "OUTW$ 'ECEIN.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N PERI= MEN TOUTOU KAI TACA 'EPISKEYOMEQA
SAFESTERON, 'AN2 'ETI BOULOMENOI$ "HMIN 'HI; PERI= DE TOU* SOFISTOU
POU DHLON "W$ 'OUK 'ANETEON PRIN 'AN4 "IKANW$ 'AUTON QEASWMEQA.
QEAI ^ KALW$ 'EIPE$.
XE ^ "OT' 'OUN-DH TA MEN "HMIN TWN GENWN "WMOLOGHTAI
KOINWNEIN 'EQELEIN 'ALLHLOI$, TA DE MH, KAI TA MEN 'EP' 'OLIGON,
TA D' 'EPI POLLA, TA DE-KAI DIA= PANTWN 'OUDEN KWLUEIN TOI$
<P 254C>
PASI KEKOINWNHKENAI, TO DH META TOUTO SUNEPISPWMEQA TW*I
LOGWI THIDE SKOPOUNTE$, MH PERI= PANTWN TWN 'EIDWN, "INA MH
TARATTWMEQA 'EN POLLOI$, 'ALLA= PROELOMENOI TWN MEGISTWN
LEGOMENWN 'ATTA, PRWTON MEN POI*A "EKASTA 'ESTIN, 'EPEITA
KOINWNIA$ 'ALLHLWN PW*$ 'ECEI0 DUNAMEW$, "INA TO TE 'ON KAI
MH 'ON 'EI MH PASHI SAFHNEIA\ DUNAMEQA LABEIN, 'ALL'-'OUN
LOGOU GE 'ENDEEI$ MHDEN GIGNWMEQA PERI= 'AUTWN, KAQ' "OSON
"O TROPO$ 'ENDECETAI TH$ NU*N SKEYEW$, 'EA=N 'A=RA "HMIN PHI
<P 254D>
PAREIKAQHI TO MH 'ON LEGOUSIN4 "W$ 'ESTIN 'ONTW$ MH 'ON 'AQWIOI$
'APALLATTEIN.
QEAI ^ 'OUKOU*N CRH.
XE ^ MEGISTA MHN TWN GENWN "A NUNDH DIHIMEN TO TE 'ON
'AUTO KAI STASI$ KAI KINHSI$.
QEAI ^ POLU GE.
XE ^ KAI-MHN TW GE DUO FAMEN 'AUTOIN 'AMEIKTW PRO$
'ALLHLW.
QEAI ^ SFO=DRA GE.
XE ^ TO DE-GE 'ON MEIKTON 'AMFOIN; 'ESTON0 GAR 'AMFW POU.
QEAI ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
XE ^ TRIA DH GIGNETAI TAUTA.
QEAI ^ TI= MHN:
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N 'AUTWN "EKASTON TOIN MEN DUOIN "ETERON 'ESTIN,
'AUTO D' "EAUTWI 'TAUTON.
<P 254E>
QEAI ^ "OUTW$.
XE ^ TI= POT' 'AU NU*N "OUTW$ 'EIRHKAMEN TO TE 'TAUTON KAI
QATERON: PO=TERA DUO GENH TINE 'AUTW, TWN MEN TRIWN 'ALLW,
SUMMEIGNUMENW MHN 'EKEINOI$ 'EX 'ANAGKH$ 'AEI, KAI PERI= PENTE
'ALL' 'OU PERI= TRIWN "W$ 'ONTWN0 'AUTWN SKEPTEON, 'H= TO TE 'TAUTON


<P 255A>
TOUTO KAI QATERON "W$ 'EKEINWN TI PROSAGOREUONTE$ LANQANOMEN
"HMA$-'AUTOU$:
QEAI ^ 'ISW$.
XE ^ 'ALL' 'OU TI MHN KINHSI$ GE-KAI STASI$ 'OUQ' "ETERON
'OUTE 'TAUTON 'ESTI.
QEAI ^ PW*$:
XE ^ "OTIPER2 'AN4 KOINHI PROSEIPWMEN KINHSIN KAI STASIN,
TOUTO 'OUDETERON 'AUTOIN "OION-TE-'EINAI.
QEAI ^ TI= DH:
XE ^ KINHSI$ TE STHSETAI KAI STASI$ 'AU KINHQHSETAI;
PERI= GAR 'AMFO=TERA QATERON "OPOTERONOUN GIGNOMENON 'AUTOIN
'ANAGKASEI2 METABALLEIN 'AU QATERON 'EPI 'TOUNANTION TH$ "AUTOU
<P 255B>
FUSEW$, "ATE METASCON TOU* 'ENANTIOU.
QEAI ^ KOMIDHI GE.
XE ^ METECETON0 MHN 'AMFW 'TAUTOU KAI QATEROU.
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ MH-TOINUN LEGWMEN KINHSIN G' 'EINAI 'TAUTON 'H=
QATERON, MHD' 'AU STASIN.
QEAI ^ MH-GAR.
XE ^ 'ALL'-'A*RA TO 'ON KAI TO 'TAUTON "W$ "EN TI DIANOHTEON
"HMIN:
QEAI ^ 'ISW$.
XE ^ 'ALL' 'EI TO 'ON KAI TO 'TAUTON MHDEN DIAFORON SHMAINETON0,
KINHSIN 'AU PALIN KAI STASIN 'AMFO=TERA 'EINAI LEGONTE$
<P 255C>
'AMFO=TERA "OUTW$ 'AUTA 'TAUTON "W$ 'ONTA PROSEROUMEN2.
QEAI ^ 'ALLA=-MHN TOUTO GE 'ADUNATON.
XE ^ 'ADUNATON 'A=RA 'TAUTON KAI TO 'ON "EN 'EINAI.
QEAI ^ SCEDON.
XE ^ TETARTON DH PRO$ TOI$ TRISIN 'EIDESIN TO 'TAUTON
TIQWMEN:
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ TI= DE: TO QATERON 'A*RA "HMIN LEKTEON PEMPTON: 'H=
TOUTO KAI TO 'ON "W$ DU' 'ATTA 'ONOMATA 'EF' "ENI GENEI DIANOEISQAI
DEI:
QEAI ^ TAC' 'AN4.
XE ^ 'ALL' 'OIMAI SE SUGCWREIN TWN 'ONTWN0 TA MEN 'AUTA
KAQ' "AUTA, TA DE PRO$ 'A=LLA 'AEI LEGESQAI.
QEAI ^ TI= D' 'OU=:
<P 255D>
XE ^ TO DE-G' "ETERON 'AEI PRO$ "ETERON; 'H*-GAR:
QEAI ^ "OUTW$.
XE ^ 'OUK 'AN4, 'EI GE TO 'ON KAI TO QATERON MH PAMPOLU
DIEFERETHN; 'ALL' 'EIPER QATERON 'AMFOIN METEICE TOIN 'EIDOIN
"WSPER TO 'ON, 'H*N 'AN4 POTE TI KAI TWN "ETERWN "ETERON 'OU PRO$
"ETERON; NU*N DE 'ATECNW$ "HMIN "OTIPER2 'AN4 "ETERON 'HI, SUMBEBHKEN0
'EX 'ANAGKH$ "ETEROU TOUTO "OPER 'ESTIN 'EINAI.
QEAI ^ LEGEI$ KAQAPER 'ECEI0.
XE ^ PEMPTON DH THN QATEROU FUSIN LEKTEON 'EN TOI$
<P 255E>
'EIDESIN 'OUSAN, 'EN "OI$ PROAIROUMEQA.
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ KAI DIA= PANTWN GE 'AUTHN 'AUTWN FHSOMEN 'EINAI
DIELHLUQUIAN; "EN "EKASTON GAR "ETERON 'EINAI TWN 'ALLWN 'OU
DIA= THN "AUTOU FUSIN, 'ALLA= DIA= TO METECEIN TH$ 'IDEA$ TH$
QATEROU.
QEAI ^ KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ "WDE DH LEGWMEN 'EPI TWN PENTE KAQ' "EN
'ANALAMBANONTE$.
QEAI ^ PW*$:
XE ^ PRWTON MEN KINHSIN, "W$ 'ESTI PANTAPASIN "ETERON
STASEW$. 'H= PW*$ LEGOMEN:
QEAI ^ "OUTW$.
XE ^ 'OU STASI$ 'A=R' 'ESTIN.
QEAI ^ 'OUDAMW$.


<P 256A>
XE ^ 'ESTI DE-GE DIA= TO METECEIN TOU* 'ONTO$.
QEAI ^ 'ESTIN.
XE ^ 'AUQI$ DH PALIN "H KINHSI$ "ETERON 'TAUTOU 'ESTIN.
QEAI ^ SCEDON.
XE ^ 'OU 'TAUTON 'A=RA 'ESTIN.
QEAI ^ 'OU-GAR-'OUN.
XE ^ 'ALLA=-MHN "AU=TH G' 'H*N 'TAUTON DIA= TO METECEIN 'AU
PANT' 'AUTOU4.
QEAI ^ KAI MALA.
XE ^ THN KINHSIN DH 'TAUTON T' 'EINAI KAI MH 'TAUTON "OMOLOGHTEON
KAI 'OU DUSCERANTEON. 'OU-GAR "OTAN 'EIPWMEN 'AUTHN
'TAUTON KAI MH 'TAUTON, "OMOIW$ 'EIRHKAMEN, 'ALL' "OPOTAN MEN
<P 256B>
'TAUTON, DIA= THN MEQEXIN 'TAUTOU PRO$ "EAUTHN "OUTW LEGOMEN,
"OTAN DE MH 'TAUTON, DIA= THN KOINWNIAN 'AU QATEROU, DI' "HN
'APOCWRIZOMENH 'TAUTOU GEGONEN0 'OUK 'EKEINO 'ALL' "ETERON, "WSTE
'ORQW$ 'AU LEGETAI PALIN 'OU 'TAUTON.
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N 'KAN4 'EI PHI METELAMBANEN 'AUTH KINHSI$ STASEW$,
'OUDEN 'AN4 'ATOPON 'H*N STASIMON 'AUTHN PROSAGOREUEIN:
QEAI ^ 'ORQOTATA GE, 'EIPER TWN GENWN SUGCWRHSOMEQA
TA MEN 'ALLHLOI$ 'EQELEIN MEIGNUSQAI, TA DE MH.
<P 256C>
XE ^ KAI-MHN 'EPI GE THN TOUTOU PROTERON 'APODEIXIN
'H= TWN NU*N 'AFIKOMEQA, 'ELEGCONTE$ "W$ 'ESTI KATA FUSIN
TAUTHI.
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
XE ^ LEGWMEN DH PALIN; "H KINHSI$ 'ESTIN "ETERON TOU*
"ETEROU, KAQAPER 'TAUTOU TE 'H*N 'ALLO KAI TH$ STASEW$:
QEAI ^ 'ANAGKAION.
XE ^ 'OUC "ETERON 'A=R' 'ESTI PHI KAI "ETERON KATA TON NUNDH
LOGON.
QEAI ^ 'ALHQH.
XE ^ TI= 'OUN-DH TO META TOUTO: 'A*R' 'AU TWN MEN TRIWN
"ETERON 'AUTHN FHSOMEN 'EINAI, TOU* DE TETARTOU MH FWMEN,
<P 256D>
"OMOLOGHSANTE$ 'AUTA 'EINAI PENTE, PERI= "WN KAI 'EN "OI$
PROUQEMEQA SKOPEIN:
QEAI ^ KAI PW*$: 'ADUNATON GAR SUGCWREIN 'ELATTW TON
'ARIQMON TOU* NUNDH FANENTO$.
XE ^ 'ADEW$ 'A=RA THN KINHSIN "ETERON 'EINAI TOU* 'ONTO$
DIAMACOMENOI LEGWMEN:
QEAI ^ 'ADEESTATA MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N-DH SAFW$ "H KINHSI$ 'ONTW$ 'OUK 'ON 'ESTI KAI
'ON, 'EPEIPER TOU* 'ONTO$ METECEI0:
QEAI ^ SAFESTATA GE.
XE ^ 'ESTIN2 'A=RA 'EX 'ANAGKH$ TO MH 'ON 'EPI TE KINHSEW$
'EINAI KAI KATA PANTA TA GENH; KATA PANTA GAR "H QATEROU
<P 256E>
FUSI$ "ETERON 'APERGAZOMENH TOU* 'ONTO$ "EKASTON 'OUK 'ON POIEI0,
KAI SUMPANTA DH KATA 'TAUTA "OUTW$ 'OUK 'ONTA 'ORQW$ 'EROUMEN2,
KAI PALIN, "OTI4 METECEI0 TOU* 'ONTO$, 'EINAI TE-KAI 'ONTA.
QEAI ^ KINDUNEUEI0.
XE ^ PERI= "EKASTON 'A=RA TWN 'EIDWN POLU MEN 'ESTI TO 'ON,
'APEIRON DE PLHQEI TO MH 'ON.
QEAI ^ 'EOIKEN0.


<P 257A>
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TO 'ON 'AUTO TWN 'ALLWN "ETERON 'EINAI
LEKTEON.
QEAI ^ 'ANAGKH.
XE ^ KAI TO 'ON 'A=R' "HMIN, "OSAPER 'ESTI TA 'A=LLA, KATA
TOSAUTA 'OUK 'ESTIN; 'EKEINA GAR 'OUK 'ON "EN MEN 'AUTO 'ESTIN,
'APERANTA DE TON 'ARIQMON 'TALLA 'OUK 'ESTIN 'AU.
QEAI ^ SCEDON "OUTW$.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N-DH-KAI TAUTA 'OU DUSCERANTEON, 'EPEIPER 'ECEI0
KOINWNIAN 'ALLHLOI$ "H TWN GENWN FUSI$. 'EI DE TI$ TAUTA
MH SUGCWREI0, PEISA$ "HMWN TOU$ 'EMPROSQEN LOGOU$ "OUTW
PEIQETW TA META TAUTA.
QEAI ^ DIKAIOTATA 'EIRHKA$.
<P 257B>
XE ^ 'IDWMEN DH-KAI TODE.
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ "OPOTAN TO MH 'ON LEGWMEN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'OUK 'ENANTION
TI LEGOMEN TOU* 'ONTO$ 'ALL' "ETERON MONON.
QEAI ^ PW*$:
XE ^ "OION "OTAN 'EIPWMEN TI MH MEGA, TO=TE MALLON TI SOI4
FAINOMEQA TO SMIKRON 'H= TO 'ISON DHLOUN0 TW*I "RHMATI:
QEAI ^ KAI PW*$:
XE ^ 'OUK-'A=R', 'ENANTION "OTAN 'APOFASI$ LEGHTAI SHMAINEIN,
SUGCWRHSOMEQA, TOSOUTON DE MONON, "OTI4 TWN 'ALLWN TI MHNUEI0
<P 257C>
TO MH KAI TO 'OU= PROTIQEMENA TWN 'EPIONTWN0 'ONOMATWN, MALLON
DE TWN PRAGMATWN PERI= "ATT' 'AN4 KEHTAI TA 'EPIFQEGGOMENA
"USTERON TH$ 'APOFASEW$ 'ONOMATA.
QEAI ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ TODE DE DIANOHQWMEN, 'EI KAI SOI4 SUNDOKEI0.
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ "H QATEROU MOI FUSI$ FAINETAI KATAKEKERMATISQAI
KAQAPER 'EPISTHMH.
QEAI ^ PW*$:
XE ^ MIA MEN 'ESTI POU-KAI 'EKEINH, TO D' 'EPI TWI GIGNOMENON
MERO$ 'AUTH$ "EKASTON 'AFORISQEN 'EPWNUMIAN 'ISCEI0 TINA
<P 257D>
"EAUTH$ 'IDIAN; DIO POLLAI TECNAI T' 'EISI LEGOMENAI KAI
'EPISTHMAI.
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TA TH$ QATEROU FUSEW$ MORIA MIA$
'OUSH$ 'TAUTON PEPONQE0 TOUTO.
QEAI ^ TAC' 'AN4; 'ALL' "OPHI DH LEGWMEN:
XE ^ 'ESTI TW*I KALWI TI QATEROU MORION 'ANTITIQEMENON:
QEAI ^ 'ESTIN.
XE ^ TOUT' 'OUN 'ANWNUMON 'EROUMEN2 'H= TIN' 'ECON 'EPWNUMIAN:
QEAI ^ 'ECON; "O= GAR MH KALON "EKASTOTE FQEGGOMEQA,
TOUTO 'OUK 'ALLOU TINO$ "ETERON 'ESTIN 'H= TH$ TOU* KALOU FUSEW$.
XE ^ 'IQI NUN TODE MOI LEGE.
<P 257E>
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ 'ALLO TI TWN 'ONTWN0 TINO$ "ENO$ GENOU$ 'AFORISQEN
KAI PRO$ TI TWN 'ONTWN0 'AU PALIN 'ANTITEQEN "OUTW SUMBEBHKEN0
'EINAI TO MH KALON:
QEAI ^ "OUTW$.
XE ^ 'ONTO$ DH PRO$ 'ON 'ANTIQESI$, "W$ 'EOIK'0, 'EINAI TI$
SUMBAINEI0 TO MH KALON.
QEAI ^ 'ORQOTATA.
XE ^ TI= 'OUN: KATA TOUTON TON LOGON 'A*RA MALLON MEN TO
KALON "HMIN 'ESTI TWN 'ONTWN0, "HTTON DE TO MH KALON:
QEAI ^ 'OUDEN.


<P 258A>
XE ^ "OMOIW$ 'A=RA TO MH MEGA KAI TO MEGA 'AUTO 'EINAI
LEKTEON:
QEAI ^ "OMOIW$.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TO MH DIKAION TW*I DIKAIWI KATA 'TAUTA
QETEON PRO$ TO MHDEN TI MALLON 'EINAI QATERON QATEROU:
QEAI ^ TI= MHN:
XE ^ KAI 'TALLA DH TAUTHI LEXOMEN, 'EPEIPER "H QATEROU
FUSI$ 'EFANH TWN 'ONTWN0 'OUSA, 'EKEINH$ DE 'OUSH$ 'ANAGKH DH-KAI
TA MORIA 'AUTH$ MHDENO$ "HTTON 'ONTA TIQENAI.
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "H TH$ QATEROU MORIOU FUSEW$
<P 258B>
KAI TH$ TOU* 'ONTO$ PRO$ 'ALLHLA 'ANTIKEIMENWN 'ANTIQESI$ 'OUDEN
"HTTON, 'EI QEMI$ 'EIPEIN, 'AUTOU4 TOU* 'ONTO$ 'OUSIA 'ESTIN, 'OUK 'ENANTION
'EKEINWI SHMAINOUSA 'ALLA= TOSOUTON MONON, "ETERON 'EKEINOU.
QEAI ^ SAFESTATA GE.
XE ^ TI=N' 'OUN 'AUTHN PROSEIPWMEN:
QEAI ^ DHLON "OTI4 TO MH 'ON, "O= DIA= TON SOFISTHN 'EZHTOUMEN,
'AUTO 'ESTI TOUTO.
XE ^ POTERON 'OUN, "WSPER 'EIPE$, 'ESTIN 'OUDENO$ TWN 'ALLWN
'OUSIA$ 'ELLEIPOMENON, KAI DEI QARROUNTA 'HDH LEGEIN "OTI4 TO
MH 'ON BEBAIW$ 'ESTI THN "AUTOU FUSIN 'ECON, "WSPER TO MEGA
<P 258C>
'H*N MEGA KAI TO KALON 'H*N KALON KAI TO MH MEGA MH7 MEGA7 KAI
TO MH KALON MH7 KALON7, "OUTW DE-KAI TO MH 'ON KATA 'TAUTON
'H*N TE-KAI 'ESTI MH 'ON, 'ENARIQMON TWN POLLWN 'ONTWN0 'EIDO$ "EN:
'H= TINA 'ETI PRO$ 'AUTO, 'W* QEAITHTE, 'APISTIAN 'ECOMEN:
QEAI ^ 'OUDEMIAN.
XE ^ 'OISQ' 'OUN "OTI4 PARMENIDHI MAKROTERW$ TH$ 'APORRHSEW$
'HPISTHKAMEN:
QEAI ^ TI= DH:
XE ^ PLEION 'H= 'KEINO$ 'APEI*PE SKOPEIN, "HMEI$ 'EI$ TO
PROSQEN 'ETI ZHTHSANTE$ 'APEDEIXAMEN 'AUTWI.
QEAI ^ PW*$:
<P 258D>
XE ^ "OTI4 "O MEN-POU FHSIN %
'OU9-GAR9 MH9 POTE9 TOUTO9 DAMHI9, 'EINAI9 MH9 'EONTA9,
'ALLA=9 SU9 THSD'9 'AF'9 "ODOU9 DIZHSIO$9 'EIRGE9 NOHMA9.
QEAI ^ LEGEI0 GAR-'OUN "OUTW$.
XE ^ "HMEI$ DE-GE 'OU MONON TA MH 'ONTA "W$ 'ESTIN 'APEDEIXAMEN,
'ALLA=-KAI TO 'EIDO$ "O= TUGCANEI0 'ON TOU* MH 'ONTO$
'APEFHNAMEQA; THN GAR QATEROU FUSIN 'APODEIXANTE$ 'OUSAN
<P 258E>
TE-KAI KATAKEKERMATISMENHN 'EPI PANTA TA 'ONTA PRO$ 'ALLHLA,
TO PRO$ TO 'ON "EKASTON MORION 'AUTH$ 'ANTITIQEMENON 'ETOLMHSAMEN
'EIPEIN "W$ 'AUTO TOUTO 'ESTIN 'ONTW$ TO MH 'ON.
QEAI ^ KAI PANTAPASI GE, 'W* XENE, 'ALHQESTATA MOI
DOKOUMEN 'EIRHKENAI.
XE ^ MH-TOINUN "HMA$ 'EIPHI6 TI$ "OTI4 'TOUNANTION TOU* 'ONTO$
TO MH 'ON 'APOFAINOMENOI TOLMWMEN0 LEGEIN "W$ 'ESTIN. "HMEI$
GAR PERI= MEN 'ENANTIOU TINO$ 'AUTWI CAIREIN PALAI LEGOMEN,


<P 259A>
'EI=T' 'ESTIN 'EI=TE MH, LOGON 'ECON 'H=-KAI PANTAPASIN 'ALOGON;
"O= DE NU*N 'EIRHKAMEN 'EINAI TO MH 'ON, 'H= PEISATW TI$ "W$ 'OU
KALW$ LEGOMEN 'ELEGXA$, 'H= MECRIPER 'AN4 'ADUNATHI5, LEKTEON
KAI 'EKEINWI KAQAPER "HMEI$ LEGOMEN, "OTI4 SUMMEIGNUTAI TE
'ALLHLOI$ TA GENH KAI TO TE 'ON KAI QATERON DIA= PANTWN KAI
DI' 'ALLHLWN DIELHLUQOTE TO MEN "ETERON METASCON TOU* 'ONTO$
'ESTI MEN DIA= TAUTHN THN MEQEXIN, 'OU-MHN 'EKEINO GE "OU2
METESCEN 'ALL' "ETERON, "ETERON DE TOU* 'ONTO$ 'ON 'ESTI20 SAFESTATA
<P 259B>
'EX 'ANAGKH$ 'EINAI MH 'ON; TO DE 'ON 'AU QATEROU METEILHFO$
"ETERON TWN 'ALLWN 'AN4 'EIH GENWN, "ETERON D' 'EKEINWN "APANTWN
'ON 'OUK 'ESTIN "EKASTON 'AUTWN 'OUDE SUMPANTA TA 'A=LLA PLHN
'AUTO, "WSTE TO 'ON 'ANAMFISBHTHTW$ 'AU MURIA 'EPI MURIOI$ 'OUK
'ESTI, KAI 'TALLA DH KAQ' "EKASTON "OUTW KAI SUMPANTA POLLACHI
MEN 'ESTI, POLLACHI D' 'OUK 'ESTIN.
QEAI ^ 'ALHQH.
XE ^ KAI TAUTAI$ DH TAI$ 'ENANTIWSESIN 'EI=TE 'APISTEI0 TI$,
SKEPTEON 'AUTWI KAI LEKTEON BELTION TI TWN NU*N 'EIRHMENWN;
<P 259C>
'EI=TE "W$ TI CALEPON KATANENOHKW$ CAIREI0 TOTE= MEN 'EPI QATERA
TOTE= D' 'EPI QATERA TOU$ LOGOU$ "ELKWN, 'OUK 'A=XIA POLLH$
SPOUDH$ 'ESPOUDAKEN0, "W$ "OI NU*N LOGOI FASI0. TOUTO MEN-GAR
'OUTE TI KOMYON 'OUTE CALEPON "EUREIN, 'EKEINO D' 'HDH KAI CALEPON
"AMA KAI KALON.
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ "O= KAI PROSQEN 'EIRHTAI, TO TAUTA 'EASANTA "W$
DUNATA88 TOI$ LEGOMENOI$ "OION-T'-'EINAI KAQ' "EKASTON
'ELEGCONTA 'EPAKOLOUQEIN, "OTAN TE TI$ "ETERON 'ON PHI 'TAUTON
<P 259D>
'EINAI FHI5 KAI "OTAN 'TAUTON 'ON "ETERON, 'EKEINHI KAI KAT' 'EKEINO
"O= FHSI TOUTWN PEPONQENAI POTERON. TO DE 'TAUTON "ETERON
'APOFAINEIN "AMHI GE PHI KAI TO QATERON 'TAUTON KAI TO MEGA
SMIKRON KAI TO "OMOION 'ANOMOION, KAI CAIREIN "OUTW 'TANANTIA
'AEI PROFERONTA 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$, 'OUTE TI$ 'ELEGCO$ "OUTO$
'ALHQINO$ 'ARTI TE TWN 'ONTWN0 TINO$ 'EFAPTOMENOU DHLO$
NEOGENH$ 'WN.
QEAI ^ KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ KAI-GAR, 'WGAQE, TO GE PAN 'APO PANTO$ 'EPICEIREIN
<P 259E>
'APOCWRIZEIN 'ALLW$ TE 'OUK 'EMMELE$ KAI-DH-KAI PANTAPASIN
'AMOUSOU TINO$ KAI 'AFILOSOFOU.
QEAI ^ TI= DH:
XE ^ TELEWTATH PANTWN LOGWN 'ESTIN 'AFANISI$ TO DIALUEIN
"EKASTON 'APO PANTWN; DIA= GAR THN 'ALLHLWN TWN 'EIDWN
SUMPLOKHN "O LOGO$ GEGONEN0 "HMIN.
QEAI ^ 'ALHQH.


<P 260A>
XE ^ SKOPEI5 TOINUN "W$ 'EN KAIRWI NUNDH TOI$ TOIOUTOI$
DIEMACOMEQA KAI PROSHNAGKAZOMEN 'EA*N "ETERON "ETERWI
MEIGNUSQAI.
QEAI ^ PRO$ DH TI=:
XE ^ PRO$ TO TON LOGON "HMIN TWN 'ONTWN0 "EN TI GENWN
'EINAI. TOUTOU GAR STERHQENTE$, TO MEN MEGISTON, FILOSOFIA$
'AN4 STERHQEIMEN; 'ETI D' 'EN TW*I PARONTI DEI LOGON "HMA$
DIOMOLOGHSASQAI TI= POT' 'ESTIN, 'EI DE 'AFHIREQHMEN 'AUTO MHD'
'EINAI TO PARAPAN, 'OUDEN 'AN4 'ETI POU LEGEIN "OIOI-T'-'HMEN.
<P 260B>
'AFHIREQHMEN D' 'AN4, 'EI SUNECWRHSAMEN MHDEMIAN 'EINAI MEIXIN
MHDENI PRO$ MHDEN.
QEAI ^ 'ORQW$ TOUTO GE; LOGON DE DI' "OTI2 NU*N DIOMOLOGHTEON
'OUK 'EMAQON.
XE ^ 'ALL' 'ISW$ THID' "EPOMENO$ "RA*IST' 'AN4 MAQOI$.
QEAI ^ PH*I:
XE ^ TO MEN-DH MH 'ON "HMIN "EN TI TWN 'ALLWN GENO$ 'ON
'ANEFANH, KATA PANTA TA 'ONTA DIESPARMENON.
QEAI ^ "OUTW$.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N TO META TOUTO SKEPTEON 'EI DOXHI TE-KAI LOGWI
MEIGNUTAI.
QEAI ^ TI= DH:
<P 260C>
XE ^ MH MEIGNUMENOU MEN 'AUTOU4 TOUTOI$ 'ANAGKAION 'ALHQH
PANT' 'EINAI, MEIGNUMENOU DE DOXA TE YEUDH$ GIGNETAI KAI
LOGO$; TO GAR TA MH 'ONTA DOXAZEIN 'H= LEGEIN, TOUT' 'ESTI POU
TO YEUDO$ 'EN DIANOIA\ TE-KAI LOGOI$ GIGNOMENON.
QEAI ^ "OUTW$.
XE ^ 'ONTO$ DE-GE YEUDOU$ 'ESTIN 'APATH.
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ KAI-MHN 'APATH$ 'OUSH$ 'EIDWLWN TE-KAI 'EIKONWN 'HDH
KAI FANTASIA$ PANTA 'ANAGKH MESTA 'EINAI.
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
XE ^ TON DE-GE SOFISTHN 'EFAMEN 'EN TOUTWI POU TW*I TOPWI
<P 260D>
KATAPEFEUGENAI MEN, 'EXARNON DE GEGONENAI TO PARAPAN MHD'
'EINAI YEUDO$; TO GAR MH 'ON 'OUTE DIANOEISQAI TINA 'OUTE LEGEIN;
'OUSIA$ GAR 'OUDEN 'OUDAMHI TO MH 'ON METECEIN.
QEAI ^ 'H*N TAUTA.
XE ^ NU*N DE-GE TOUTO MEN 'EFANH METECON TOU* 'ONTO$,
"WSTE TAUTHI MEN 'ISW$ 'OUK 'AN4 MACOITO 'ETI; TACA D' 'AN4 FAIH
TWN 'EIDWN TA MEN METECEIN TOU* MH 'ONTO$, TA D' 'OU=, KAI
LOGON DH-KAI DOXAN 'EINAI TWN 'OU METECONTWN0, "WSTE THN
'EIDWLOPOIIKHN KAI FANTASTIKHN, 'EN "HI FAMEN 'AUTON 'EINAI,
<P 260E>
DIAMACOIT' 'AN4 PALIN "W$ PANTAPASIN 'OUK 'ESTIN, 'EPEIDH DOXA
KAI LOGO$ 'OU KOINWNEI0 TOU* MH 'ONTO$; YEUDO$ GAR TO PARAPAN
'OUK 'EINAI TAUTH$ MH SUNISTAMENH$ TH$ KOINWNIA$. DIA= TAUT'
'OUN LOGON PRWTON KAI DOXAN KAI FANTASIAN DIEREUNHTEON
"OTI2 POT' 'ESTIN, "INA FANENTWN5 KAI THN KOINWNIAN 'AUTWN TW*I


<P 261A>
MH 'ONTI KATIDWMEN, KATIDONTE$ DE TO YEUDO$ 'ON 'APODEIXWMEN,
'APODEIXANTE$ DE TON SOFISTHN 'EI$ 'AUTO 'ENDHSWMEN, 'EIPER
'ENOCO$ 'ESTIN, 'H=-KAI 'APOLUSANTE$ 'EN 'ALLWI GENEI ZHTWMEN.
QEAI ^ KOMIDHI DE-GE, 'W* XENE, 'EOIKEN0 'ALHQE$ 'EINAI TO
PERI= TON SOFISTHN KAT' 'ARCA$ LECQEN, "OTI4 DUSQHREUTON 'EIH
TO GENO$. FAINETAI GAR-'OUN PROBLHMATWN GEMEIN, "WN
'EPEIDAN TI PROBALHI6, TOUTO PROTERON 'ANAGKAION DIAMACESQAI
PRIN 'EP' 'AUTON 'EKEINON 'AFIKESQAI. NU*N GAR MOGI$ MEN TO
MH 'ON "W$ 'OUK 'ESTI PROBLHQEN DIEPERASAMEN, "ETERON DE
<P 261B>
PROBEBLHTAI, KAI DEI DH YEUDO$ "W$ 'ESTI KAI PERI= LOGON KAI
PERI= DOXAN 'APODEIXAI0, KAI META TOUTO 'ISW$ "ETERON, KAI 'ET'
'ALLO MET' 'EKEINO; KAI PERA$, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'OUDEN FANHSETAI
POTE.
XE ^ QARREIN, 'W* QEAITHTE, CRH TON KAI SMIKRON TI DUNAMENON
'EI$ TO PROSQEN 'AEI PROIENAI. TI= GAR "O G' 'AQUMWN 'EN
TOUTOI$ DRASEIEN 'AN4 'EN 'ALLOI$, 'H= MHDEN 'EN 'EKEINOI$ 'ANUTWN
'H=-KAI PALIN 'EI$ 'TOUPISQEN 'APWSQEI$: SCOLHI POU, TO KATA
<P 261C>
THN PAROIMIAN LEGOMENON, "O GE TOIOUTO$ 'AN4 POTE "ELOI POLIN.
NU*N D' 'EPEI, 'WGAQE, TOUTO "O= LEGEI$ DIAPEPERANTAI, TO TOI
MEGISTON "HMIN TEICO$ "HIRHMENON 'AN4 'EIH, TA D' 'A=LLA 'HDH "RA\W
KAI SMIKRO=TERA.
QEAI ^ KALW$ 'EIPE$.
XE ^ LOGON DH PRWTON KAI DOXAN, KAQAPER 'ERRHQH NUNDH,
LABWMEN, "INA 'ENARGESTERON 'APOLOGISWMEQA POTERON 'AUTWN
"APTETAI TO MH 'ON 'H= PANTAPASIN 'ALHQH MEN 'ESTIN 'AMFO=TERA
TAUTA, YEUDO$ DE 'OUDEPOTE 'OUDETERON.
QEAI ^ 'ORQW$.
<P 261D>
XE ^ FERE DH, KAQAPER PERI= TWN 'EIDWN KAI TWN GRAMMATWN
'ELEGOMEN, PERI= TWN 'ONOMATWN PALIN "WSAUTW$ 'EPISKEYWMEQA.
FAINETAI GAR PHI TAUTHI TO NU*N ZHTOUMENON.
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON 'OUN-DH PERI= TWN 'ONOMATWN "UPAKOUSTEON:
XE ^ 'EI=TE PANTA 'ALLHLOI$ SUNARMOTTEI0 'EI=TE MHDEN, 'EI=TE
TA MEN 'EQELEI0, TA DE MH.
QEAI ^ DHLON TOUTO GE, "OTI4 TA MEN 'EQELEI0, TA D' 'OU=.
XE ^ TO TOIONDE LEGEI$ 'ISW$, "OTI4 TA MEN 'EFEXH$ LEGOMENA
<P 261E>
KAI DHLOUNTA TI SUNARMOTTEI0, TA DE THI SUNECEIA\ MHDEN
SHMAINONTA 'ANARMOSTEI0.
QEAI ^ PW*$ TI= TOUT' 'EIPA$:
XE ^ "OPER 'WIHQHN "UPOLABONTA SE PROSOMOLOGEIN. 'ESTI
GAR "HMIN POU TWN THI FWNHI PERI= THN 'OUSIAN DHLWMATWN
DITTON GENO$.
QEAI ^ PW*$:


<P 262A>
XE ^ TO MEN 'ONOMATA, TO DE "RHMATA KLHQEN.
QEAI ^ 'EIPE= "EKATERON.
XE ^ TO MEN 'EPI TAI$ PRAXESIN 'ON DHLWMA "RHMA POU
LEGOMEN.
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ TO DE-G' 'EP' 'AUTOI$ TOI$ 'EKEINA$ PRATTOUSI4 SHMEION
TH$ FWNH$ 'EPITEQEN 'ONOMA.
QEAI ^ KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EX 'ONOMATWN MEN MONWN SUNECW$ LEGOMENWN
'OUK 'ESTI POTE LOGO$, 'OUD' 'AU "RHMATWN CWRI$ 'ONOMATWN
LECQENTWN5.
QEAI ^ TAUT' 'OUK 'EMAQON.
<P 262B>
XE ^ DHLON GAR "W$ PRO$ "ETERON TI BLEPWN 'ARTI SUNWMOLOGEI$;
'EPEI TOUT' 'AUTO 'EBOULOMHN 'EIPEIN, "OTI4 SUNECW$ "WDE
LEGOMENA TAUTA 'OUK 'ESTI LOGO$.
QEAI ^ PW*$:
XE ^ "OION BADIZEI0 TRECEI0 KAQEUDEI0, KAI
'TALLA "OSA PRAXEI$ SHMAINEI0 "RHMATA, 'KAN2 PANTA TI$ 'EFEXH$
'AUT' 'EIPHI6, LOGON 'OUDEN TI MALLON 'APERGAZETAI.
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR:
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI PALIN "OTAN LEGHTAI LEWN 'ELAFO$
"IPPO$, "OSA TE 'ONOMATA TWN TA$ PRAXEI$ 'AU PRATTONTWN0
<P 262C>
'WNOMASQH, KAI KATA TAUTHN DH THN SUNECEIAN 'OUDEI$ PW
SUNESTH LOGO$; 'OUDEMIAN GAR-'OUTE "OUTW$ 'OUT' 'EKEINW$
PRAXIN 'OUD' 'APRAXIAN 'OUDE 'OUSIAN 'ONTO$ 'OUDE MH 'ONTO$
DHLOI0 TA FWNHQENTA, PRIN 'AN4 TI$ TOI$ 'ONOMASI TA "RHMATA
KERASHI6. TO=TE D' "HRMOSEN TE-KAI LOGO$ 'EGENETO 'EUQU$
"H PRWTH SUMPLOKH, SCEDON TWN LOGWN "O PRWTO$ TE-KAI
SMIKROTATO$.
QEAI ^ PW*$ 'A=R' "WDE LEGEI$:
XE ^ "OTAN 'EIPHI6 TI$; 'ANQRWPO$ MANQANEI0, LOGON
'EINAI FH=I$ TOUTON 'ELACISTON TE-KAI PRWTON:
<P 262D>
QEAI ^ 'EGWGE.
XE ^ DHLOI0 GAR 'HDH POU TO=TE PERI= TWN 'ONTWN0 'H= GIGNOMENWN
'H= GEGONOTWN 'H= MELLONTWN0, KAI 'OUK 'ONOMAZEI0 MONON
'ALLA= TI PERAINEI0, SUMPLEKWN TA "RHMATA TOI$ 'ONOMASI. DIO
LEGEIN TE 'AUTON 'ALL' 'OU MONON 'ONOMAZEIN 'EIPOMEN, KAI-DH-KAI
TW*I PLEGMATI TOUTWI TO 'ONOMA 'EFQEGXAMEQA LOGON.
QEAI ^ 'ORQW$.
XE ^ "OUTW DH KAQAPER TA PRAGMATA TA MEN 'ALLHLOI$
"HRMOTTEN, TA D' 'OU=, KAI PERI= TA TH$ FWNH$ 'AU SHMEIA TA MEN
<P 262E>
'OUC "ARMOTTEI0, TA DE "ARMOTTONTA 'AUTWN LOGON 'APHRGASATO.
QEAI ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ 'ETI DH SMIKRON TODE.
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ LOGON 'ANAGKAION, "OTANPER 'HI, TINO$ 'EINAI LOGON, MH-DE
TINO$ 'ADUNATON.
QEAI ^ "OUTW$.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI POIO=N TINA 'AUTON 'EINAI DEI:
QEAI ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
XE ^ PROSECWMEN DH TON NOUN "HMIN-'AUTOI$.
QEAI ^ DEI GOUN.
XE ^ LEXW2 TOINUN SOI4 LOGON SUNQEI$ PRAGMA PRAXEI
DI' 'ONOMATO$ KAI "RHMATO$; "OTOU D' 'AN4 "O LOGO$ 'HI, SU MOI
FRAZEIN.


<P 263A>
QEAI ^ TAUT' 'ESTAI KATA DUNAMIN.
XE ^ QEAITHTO$ KAQHTAI. MWN MH MAKRO$ "O LOGO$:
QEAI ^ 'OU=K, 'ALLA= METRIO$.
XE ^ SON 'ERGON DH FRAZEIN PERI= "OU2 T' 'ESTI KAI "OTOU.
QEAI ^ DHLON "OTI4 PERI= 'EMOU4 TE-KAI 'EMO$.
XE ^ TI= DE "OD' 'AU:
QEAI ^ POI*O$:
XE ^ QEAITHTO$, "WI NU*N 'EGW DIALEGOMAI, PETETAI.
QEAI ^ KAI TOUTON 'OUD' 'AN4 "EI$ 'ALLW$ 'EIPOI PLHN 'EMON
TE-KAI PERI= 'EMOU4.
XE ^ POIO=N DE-GE TINA FAMEN 'ANAGKAION "EKASTON 'EINAI
TWN LOGWN.
<P 263B>
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ TOUTWN DH POI*ON TINA "EKATERON FATEON 'EINAI:
QEAI ^ TON MEN YEUDH POU, TON DE 'ALHQH.
XE ^ LEGEI0 DE 'AUTWN "O MEN 'ALHQH$ TA 'ONTA "W$ 'ESTIN
PERI= SOU4.
QEAI ^ TI= MHN:
XE ^ "O DE-DH YEUDH$ "E=TERA TWN 'ONTWN0.
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ TA MH 'ONT' 'A=RA "W$ 'ONTA LEGEI0.
QEAI ^ SCEDON.
XE ^ 'ONTWN0 DE-GE 'ONTA "E=TERA PERI= SOU4. POLLA MEN-GAR
'EFAMEN 'ONTA PERI= "EKASTON 'EINAI POU, POLLA DE 'OUK 'ONTA.
QEAI ^ KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN.
<P 263C>
XE ^ "ON "USTERON DH LOGON 'EIRHKA PERI= SOU4, PRWTON MEN,
'EX "WN "WRISAMEQA TI= POT' 'ESTI LOGO$, 'ANAGKAIOTATON 'AUTON
"ENA TWN BRACUTATWN 'EINAI.
QEAI ^ NUNDH GOUN TAUTHI SUNWMOLOGHSAMEN.
XE ^ 'EPEITA DE-GE TINO$.
QEAI ^ "OUTW$.
XE ^ 'EI DE MH 'ESTIN SO$, 'OUK 'ALLOU GE 'OUDENO$.
QEAI ^ PW*$ GAR:
XE ^ MHDENO$ DE7-GE 'WN 'OUD' 'AN4 LOGO$ 'EIH TO PARAPAN;
'APEFHNAMEN GAR "OTI4 TWN 'ADUNATWN 'H*N LOGON 'ONTA MHDENO$
'EINAI LOGON.
QEAI ^ 'ORQOTATA.
<P 263D>
XE ^ PERI= DH SOU4 LEGOMENA, LEGOMENA7 MENTOI QATERA
"W$ TA 'AUTA KAI MH 'ONTA "W$ 'ONTA, PANTAPASIN "W$8 'EOIKEN0 "H
TOIAUTH SUNQESI$ 'EK TE "RHMATWN GIGNOMENH KAI 'ONOMATWN
'ONTW$ TE-KAI 'ALHQW$ GIGNESQAI LOGO$ YEUDH$.
QEAI ^ 'ALHQESTATA MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ TI= DE-DH: DIANOIA TE-KAI DOXA KAI FANTASIA, MWN
'OUK 'HDH DHLON "OTI4 TAUTA GE YEUDH TE-KAI 'ALHQH PANQ' "HMWN
'EN TAI$ YUCAI$ 'EGGIGNETAI:
QEAI ^ PW*$:
XE ^ "WD' 'EISHI2 "RA*ION, 'AN2 PRWTON LABHI$ 'AUTA TI= POT' 'ESTIN
<P 263E>
KAI TI= DIAFEROUSIN0 "EKASTA 'ALLHLWN.
QEAI ^ DIDOU MONON.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N DIANOIA MEN-KAI LOGO$ 'TAUTON; PLHN "O MEN
'ENTO$ TH$ YUCH$ PRO$ "AUTHN DIALOGO$ 'ANEU FWNH$ GIGNOMENO$
TOUT' 'AUTO "HMIN 'EPWNOMASQH, DIANOIA:
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ TO DE-G' 'AP' 'EKEINH$ "REUMA DIA= TOU* STOMATO$ 'ION
META FQOGGOU KEKLHTAI LOGO$:
QEAI ^ 'ALHQH.
XE ^ KAI-MHN 'EN LOGOI$ GE 'AU 'ISMEN 'ENON %
QEAI ^ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ FASIN TE-KAI 'APOFASIN.
QEAI ^ 'ISMEN.


<P 264A>
XE ^ "OTAN 'OUN TOUTO 'EN YUCHI KATA DIANOIAN 'EGGIGNHTAI
META SIGH$, PLHN DOXH$ 'ECEI$ "OTI2 PROSEIPHI$ 'AUTO:
QEAI ^ KAI PW*$:
XE ^ TI= D' "OTAN MH KAQ' "AUTO 'ALLA= DI' 'AISQHSEW$ PARHI5
TINI, TO TOIOUTON 'AU PAQO$ 'A*R' "OION-TE 'ORQW$ 'EIPEIN "ETERON
TI PLHN FANTASIAN:
QEAI ^ 'OUDEN.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EPEIPER LOGO$ 'ALHQH$ 'H*N KAI YEUDH$, TOUTWN
D' 'EFANH DIANOIA MEN 'AUTH$ PRO$ "EAUTHN YUCH$ DIALOGO$,
<P 264B>
DOXA DE DIANOIA$ 'APOTELEUTHSI$, FAINETAI DE "O= LEGOMEN
SUMMEIXI$ 'AISQHSEW$ KAI DOXH$, 'ANAGKH DH-KAI TOUTWN TW*I
LOGWI SUGGENWN 'ONTWN0 YEUDH TE8 'AUTWN 'ENIA KAI 'ENIOTE 'EINAI.
QEAI ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
XE ^ KATANOEI$ 'OUN "OTI4 PROTERON "HUREQH YEUDH$ DOXA
KAI LOGO$ 'H= KATA THN PROSDOKIAN "HN 'EFOBHQHMEN 'ARTI, MH
PANTAPASIN 'ANHNUTON 'ERGON 'EPIBALLOIMEQA ZHTOUNTE$ 'AUTO:
QEAI ^ KATANOW0.
XE ^ MH-TOINUN-MHD' 'EI$ TA LOIPA 'AQUMWMEN. 'EPEIDH
<P 264C>
GAR PEFANTAI TAUTA, TWN 'EMPROSQEN 'ANAMNHSQWMEN KAT'
'EIDH DIAIRESEWN.
QEAI ^ POI=WN DH:
XE ^ DIEILOMEQA TH$ 'EIDWLOPOIIKH$ 'EIDH DUO, THN MEN
'EIKASTIKHN, THN DE FANTASTIKHN.
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ KAI TON SOFISTHN 'EIPOMEN "W$ 'APOROIMEN 'EI$ "OPOTERAN
QHSOMEN.
QEAI ^ 'H*N TAUTA.
XE ^ KAI TOUQ' "HMWN 'APOROUMENWN 'ETI MEIZWN KATECUQH
SKOTODINIA, FANENTO$ TOU* LOGOU TOU* PASIN 'AMFISBHTOUNTO$
"W$ 'OUTE 'EIKWN 'OUTE 'EIDWLON 'OUTE FANTASM' 'EIH TO PARAPAN
<P 264D>
'OUDEN DIA= TO MHDAMW$ MHDEPOTE MHDAMOU YEUDO$ 'EINAI.
QEAI ^ LEGEI$ 'ALHQH.
XE ^ NU*N DE-G' 'EPEIDH PEFANTAI MEN LOGO$, PEFANTAI
D' 'OUSA DOXA YEUDH$, 'EGCWREI0 DH MIMHMATA TWN 'ONTWN0 'EINAI
KAI TECNHN 'EK TAUTH$ GIGNESQAI TH$ DIAQESEW$ 'APATHTIKHN.
QEAI ^ 'EGCWREI0.
XE ^ KAI-MHN "OTI4 G' 'H*N "O SOFISTH$ TOUTWN POTERON,
DIWMOLOGHMENON "HMIN 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN 'H*N.
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ PALIN TOINUN 'EPICEIRWMEN, SCIZONTE$ DICHI TO
<P 264E>
PROTEQEN GENO$, POREUESQAI KATA 'TOUPI DEXIA 'AEI MERO$ TOU*
TMHQENTO$, 'ECOMENOI TH$ TOU* SOFISTOU KOINWNIA$, "EW$ 'AN4
'AUTOU4 TA KOINA PANTA PERIELONTE$, THN 'OIKEIAN LIPONTE$


<P 265A>
FUSIN 'EPIDEIXWMEN MALISTA MEN "HMIN-'AUTOI$, 'EPEITA KAI
TOI$ 'EGGUTATW GENEI TH$ TOIAUTH$ MEQODOU PEFUKOSIN.
QEAI ^ 'ORQW$.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N TO=TE MEN 'HRCOMEQA POIHTIKHN KAI KTHTIKHN
TECNHN DIAIROUMENOI:
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ KAI TH$ KTHTIKH$ 'EN QHREUTIKHI KAI 'AGWNIA\ KAI
'EMPORIKHI KAI TISIN 'EN TOIOUTOI$ 'EIDESIN 'EFANTAZEQ' "HMIN:
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ NU*N DE-G' 'EPEIDH MIMHTIKH PERIEILHFEN0 'AUTON TECNH,
DHLON "W$ 'AUTHN THN POIHTIKHN DICA DIAIRETEON PRWTHN.
<P 265B>
"H GAR-POU MIMHSI$ POIHSI$ TI$ 'ESTIN, 'EIDWLWN MENTOI,
FAMEN, 'ALL' 'OUK 'AUTWN "EKASTWN; 'H*-GAR:
QEAI ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ POIHTIKH$ DH PRWTON DU' 'ESTW MERH.
QEAI ^ POI=W:
XE ^ TO MEN QEION, TO D' 'ANQRWPINON.
QEAI ^ 'OUPW MEMAQHKA.
XE ^ POIHTIKHN, 'EIPER MEMNHMEQA TA KAT' 'ARCA$ LECQENTA,
PASAN 'EFAMEN 'EINAI DUNAMIN "HTI$ 'AN4 'AITIA GIGNHTAI TOI$ MH
PROTERON 'OUSIN "USTERON GIGNESQAI.
QEAI ^ MEMNHMEQA.
<P 265C>
XE ^ ZWIA DH PANTA QNHTA, KAI-DH-KAI FUTA "OSA T' 'EPI
GH$ 'EK SPERMATWN KAI "RIZWN FUETAI, KAI "OSA 'AYUCA 'EN GHI
SUNISTATAI SWMATA THKTA KAI 'ATHKTA, MWN 'ALLOU TINO$ 'H=
QEOU DHMIOURGOUNTO$ FHSOMEN "USTERON GIGNESQAI PROTERON
'OUK 'ONTA: 'H= TW*I TWN POLLWN DOGMATI KAI "RHMATI CRWMENOI %
QEAI ^ POI=WI TWI:
XE ^ THN FUSIN 'AUTA GENNAN 'APO TINO$ 'AITIA$ 'AUTOMATH$
KAI 'ANEU DIANOIA$ FUOUSH$, 'H= META LOGOU TE-KAI 'EPISTHMH$
QEIA$ 'APO QEOU GIGNOMENH$:
<P 265D>
QEAI ^ 'EGW MEN 'ISW$ DIA= THN "HLIKIAN POLLAKI$ 'AMFO=TERA
METADOXAZW0; NU*N MHN BLEPWN 'EI$ SE KAI "UPOLAMBANWN
'OIESQAI SE KATA GE QEON 'AUTA GIGNESQAI, TAUTHI KAI 'AUTO$
NENOMIKA.
XE ^ KALW$ GE, 'W* QEAITHTE. KAI 'EI MEN-GE SE "HGOUMEQA3
TWN 'EI$ TON 'EPEIT' 'AN74 CRONON 'ALLW$ PW$ DOXAZONTWN0 'EINAI,
NU*N 'AN4 TW*I LOGWI META PEIQOU$ 'ANAGKAIA$ 'EPECEIROUMEN POIEIN
"OMOLOGEIN; 'EPEIDH DE SOU4 KATAMANQANW0 THN FUSIN, "OTI4 KAI
<P 265E>
'ANEU TWN PAR' "HMWN LOGWN 'AUTH PROSEISIN 'EF' "APER NU*N
"ELKESQAI FH=I$, 'EASW2; CRONO$ GAR 'EK PERITTOU GIGNOIT' 'AN4.
'ALLA= QHSW2 TA MEN FUSEI LEGOMENA POIEISQAI QEIA\ TECNHI,
TA D' 'EK TOUTWN "UP' 'ANQRWPWN SUNISTAMENA 'ANQRWPINHI,
KAI KATA TOUTON DH TON LOGON DUO POIHTIKH$ GENH, TO MEN
'ANQRWPINON 'EINAI, TO DE QEION.
QEAI ^ 'ORQW$.
XE ^ TEMNE DH DUOIN 'OUSAIN DICA "EKATERAN 'AUQI$.
QEAI ^ PW*$:


<P 266A>
XE ^ "OION TO=TE MEN KATA PLATO$ TEMNWN THN POIHTIKHN
PASAN, NU*N DE 'AU KATA MHKO$.
QEAI ^ TETMHSQW.
XE ^ TETTARA MHN 'AUTH$ "OUTW TA PANTA MERH GIGNETAI,
DUO MEN TA PRO$ "HMWN, 'ANQRW=PEIA, DUO D' 'AU TA PRO$ QEWN,
QEI*A.
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ TA DE-G' "W$ "ETERW$ 'AU DIHIRHMENA, MERO$ MEN "EN
'AF' "EKATERA$ TH$ MERIDO$ 'AUTOPOIHTIKON, TW D' "UPOLOIPW
SCEDON MALIST' 'AN4 LEGOISQHN 'EIDWLOPOIIKW; KAI KATA TAUTA
DH PALIN "H POIHTIKH DICHI DIAIREITAI.
<P 266B>
QEAI ^ LEGE "OPHI "EKATE=RA 'AUQI$.
XE ^ "HMEI$ MEN-POU-KAI 'TALLA ZWIA KAI 'EX "WN TA
PEFUKOT' 'ESTIN, PUR KAI "UDWR KAI TA TOUTWN 'ADELFA, QEOU
GENNHMATA PANTA 'ISMEN 'AUTA 'APEIRGASMENA "EKASTA; 'H= PW*$:
QEAI ^ "OUTW$.
XE ^ TOUTWN DE-GE "EKASTWN 'EIDWLA 'ALL' 'OUK 'AUTA
PAREPETAI, DAIMONIA\ KAI TAUTA MHCANHI GEGONOTA.
QEAI ^ POI*A:
XE ^ TA TE 'EN TOI$ "UPNOI$ KAI "OSA MEQ' "HMERAN FANTASMATA
'AUTOFUH LEGETAI, SKIA MEN "OTAN 'EN TW*I PURI SKOTO$
<P 266C>
'EGGIGNHTAI, DIPLOUN DE "HNIK' 'AN4 FW$ 'OIKEION TE-KAI 'ALLOTRION
PERI= TA LAMPRA KAI LEI*A 'EI$ "EN SUNELQON TH$ 'EMPROSQEN
'EIWQUIA$ 'OYEW$ 'ENANTIAN 'AISQHSIN PARECON 'EIDO$
'APERGAZHTAI.
QEAI ^ DUO GAR-'OUN 'ESTI TAUTA QEIA$ 'ERGA POIHSEW$,
'AUTO TE-KAI TO PARAKOLOUQOUN 'EIDWLON "EKASTWI.
XE ^ TI= DE THN "HMETERAN TECNHN: 'A*R' 'OUK 'AUTHN MEN
'OIKIAN 'OIKODOMIKHI FHSOMEN POIEIN, GRAFIKHI DE TIN' "ETERAN,
"OION 'ONAR 'ANQRWPINON 'EGRHGOROSIN 'APEIRGASMENHN:
<P 266D>
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'TALLA "OUTW KATA DUO DITTA 'ERGA
TH$ "HMETERA$ 'AU POIHTIKH$ PRAXEW$, TO MEN 'AUTO, FAMEN,
'AUTOURGIKH8, TO DE 'EIDWLON 'EIDWLOPOIIKH8.
QEAI ^ NU*N MALLON 'EMAQON, KAI TIQHMI DUO DICHI POIHTIKH$
'EIDEI; QEIAN MEN-KAI 'ANQRWPINHN KATA QATERON TMHMA, KATA DE
QATERON TO MEN 'AUTWN 'ON, TO DE "OMOIWMATWN TINWN GENNHMA.
XE ^ TH$ TOINUN 'EIDWLOURGIKH$ 'ANAMNHSQWMEN "OTI4 TO MEN
'EIKASTIKON, TO DE FANTASTIKON 'EMELLEN 'EINAI GENO$, 'EI TO
<P 266E>
YEUDO$ 'ONTW$ 'ON YEUDO$ KAI TWN 'ONTWN0 "EN TI FANEIH PEFUKO$.
QEAI ^ 'H*N GAR-'OUN.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EFANH TE-KAI DIA= TAUTA DH KATARIQMHSOMEN
'AUTW NU*N 'ANAMFISBHTHTW$ 'EIDH DUO:
QEAI ^ NAI.


<P 267A>
XE ^ TO TOINUN FANTASTIKON 'AUQI$ DIORIZWMEN DICA.
QEAI ^ PH*I:
XE ^ TO MEN DI' 'ORGANWN GIGNOMENON, TO DE 'AUTOU4
PARECONTO$ "EAUTON 'ORGANON TOU* POIOUNTO$ TO FANTASMA.
QEAI ^ PW*$ FH=I$:
XE ^ "OTAN 'OIMAI TO SON SCHMA TI$ TW*I "EAUTOU CRWMENO$
SWMATI PROSOMOION 'H= FWNHN FWNHI FAINESQAI POIHI5, MIMHSI$
TOUTO TH$ FANTASTIKH$ MALISTA KEKLHTAI POU.
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ MIMHTIKON DH TOUTO 'AUTH$ PROSEIPONTE$ 'APONEIMWMEQA;
TO D' 'ALLO PAN 'AFWMEN MALAKISQENTE$ KAI PARENTE$
<P 267B>
"ETERWI SUNAGAGEIN TE 'EI$ "EN KAI PREPOUSAN 'EPWNUMIAN
'APODOUNAI0 TIN' 'AUTWI.
QEAI ^ NENEMHSQW, TO DE MEQEISQW.
XE ^ KAI-MHN-KAI TOUTO 'ETI DIPLOUN, 'W* QEAITHTE, 'AXION
"HGEISQAI; DI' "A DE, SKOPEI5.
QEAI ^ LEGE.
XE ^ TWN MIMOUMENWN "OI MEN 'EIDOTE$ "O= MIMOUNTAI TOUTO
PRATTOUSIN0, "OI D' 'OUK 'EIDOTE$. KAITOI TI=NA MEIZW DIAIRESIN
'AGNWSIA$ TE-KAI GNWSEW$ QHSOMEN:
QEAI ^ 'OUDEMIAN.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N TO GE 'ARTI LECQEN 'EIDOTWN 'H*N MIMHMA: TO
GAR SON SCHMA KAI SE GIGNWSKWN 'AN4 TI$ MIMHSAITO.
<P 267C>
QEAI ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
XE ^ TI= DE DIKAIOSUNH$ TO SCHMA KAI "OLH$ SULLHBDHN
'ARETH$: 'A*R' 'OUK 'AGNOOUNTE$ MEN, DOXAZONTE$ DE PHI, SFO=DRA
'EPICEIROUSIN0 POLLOI TO DOKOUN SFISIN TOUTO "W$ 'ENON 'AUTOI$
PROQUMEISQAI FAINESQAI POIEIN, "OTI2 MALISTA 'ERGOI$ TE-KAI
LOGOI$ MIMOUMENOI:
QEAI ^ KAI PANU GE POLLOI.
XE ^ MWN-'OUN PANTE$ 'APOTUGCANOUSI0 TOU* DOKEIN 'EINAI
DIKAIOI MHDAMW$ 'ONTE$: 'H= TOUTOU PAN 'TOUNANTION:
QEAI ^ PAN.
<P 267D>
XE ^ MIMHTHN DH TOUTON GE "ETERON 'EKEINOU LEKTEON 'OIMAI,
TON 'AGNOOUNTA TOU* GIGNWSKONTO$.
QEAI ^ NAI.
XE ^ PO=QEN 'OUN 'ONOMA "EKATERWI TI$ 'AUTWN LHYETAI
PREPON: 'H= DHLON DH CALEPON 'ON, DIOTI TH$ TWN GENWN KAT'
'EIDH DIAIRESEW$ PALAIA TI$, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'ARGIA TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN
KAI 'ASUNNOU$ PARHN, "WSTE MHD' 'EPICEIREIN MHDENA DIAIREISQAI;
KAQO DH TWN 'ONOMATWN 'ANAGKH MH SFO=DRA 'EUPOREIN. "OMW$
DE, 'KAN4 'EI TOLMHROTERON 'EIRHSQAI, DIAGNWSEW$ "ENEKA THN
<P 267E>
MEN META DOXH$ MIMHSIN DOXOMIMHTIKHN PROSEIPWMEN, THN DE
MET' 'EPISTHMH$ "ISTORIKHN TINA MIMHSIN.
QEAI ^ 'ESTW.
XE ^ QATERWI TOINUN CRHSTEON; "O GAR SOFISTH$ 'OUK 'EN
TOI$ 'EIDOSIN 'H*N 'ALL' 'EN TOI$ MIMOUMENOI$ DH.
QEAI ^ KAI MALA.
XE ^ TON DOXOMIMHTHN DH SKOPWMEQA "WSPER SIDHRON,
'EI=TE "UGIH$ 'EI=TE DIPLOHN 'ET' 'ECWN TINA 'ESTIN 'EN "AUTWI.
QEAI ^ SKOPWMEN.
XE ^ 'ECEI0 TOINUN-KAI MALA SUCNHN. "O MEN-GAR 'EUHQH$


<P 268A>
'AUTWN 'ESTIN, 'OIOMENO$ 'EIDENAI TAUTA "A DOXAZEI0; TO DE
QATEROU SCHMA DIA= THN 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$ KULINDHSIN 'ECEI0
POLLHN "UPOYIAN KAI FOBON "W$ 'AGNOEI0 TAUTA "A PRO$ TOU$
'ALLOU$ "W$ 'EIDW$ 'ESCHMATISTAI.
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN 'ESTIN "EKATEROU GENO$ "WN 'EIRHKA$.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N TON MEN "APLOUN MIMHTHN TINA, TON DE
'EIRWNIKON MIMHTHN QHSOMEN:
QEAI ^ 'EIKO$ GOUN.
XE ^ TOUTOU D' 'AU TO GENO$ "EN 'H= DUO FWMEN:
QEAI ^ "ORA SU.
<P 268B>
XE ^ SKOPW0, KAI MOI DITTW KATAFAINESQON0 TINE; TON
MEN DHMOSIA\ TE-KAI MAKROI$ LOGOI$ PRO$ PLHQH DUNATON
'EIRWNEUESQAI KAQORW0, TON DE 'IDIA\ TE-KAI BRACESI LOGOI$
'ANAGKAZONTA TON PROSDIALEGOMENON 'ENANTIOLOGEIN 'AUTON
"AUTWI.
QEAI ^ LEGEI$ 'ORQOTATA.
XE ^ TI=NA 'OUN 'APOFAINWMEQA TON MAKROLOGWTERON 'EINAI:
PO=TERA POLITIKON 'H= DHMOLOGIKON:
QEAI ^ DHMOLOGIKON.
XE ^ TI= DE TON "ETERON 'EROUMEN2: SOFON 'H= SOFISTIKON:
QEAI ^ TO MEN-POU SOFON 'ADUNATON, 'EPEIPER 'OUK 'EIDOTA
<P 268C>
'AUTON 'EQEMEN; MIMHTH$ D' 'WN TOU* SOFOU DHLON "OTI4 PARWNUMION
'AUTOU4 TI LHYETAI, KAI SCEDON 'HDH MEMAQHKA "OTI4
TOUTON DEI PROSEIPEIN 'ALHQW$ 'AUTON 'EKEINON TON PANTAPASIN
'ONTW$ SOFISTHN.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N SUNDHSOMEN 'AUTOU42, KAQAPER 'EMPROSQEN,
'TOUNOMA SUMPLEXANTE$ 'APO TELEUTH$ 'EP' 'ARCHN:
QEAI ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ TO DH TH$ 'ENANTIOPOIOLOGIKH$ 'EIRWNIKOU MEROU$
TH$ DOXASTIKH$ MIMHTIKON, TOU* FANTASTIKOU GENOU$ 'APO TH$
<P 268D>
'EIDWLOPOIIKH$ 'OU QEION 'ALL' 'ANQRWPIKON TH$ POIHSEW$
'AFWRISMENON 'EN LOGOI$ TO QAUMATOPOIIKON MORION, TAUTH$9
TH$9 GENEA$9 TE9-KAI9 "AIMATO$9 "O$4 'AN4 FHI5 TON 'ONTW$ SOFISTHN
'EINAI, 'TALHQESTATA, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'EREI2.
QEAI ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.


<B POL>


<P 257A>
SW ^ 'H* POLLHN CARIN 'OFEILW0 SOI4 TH$ QEAITHTOU GNWRISEW$,
'W* QEODWRE, "AMA KAI TH$ TOU* XENOU.
QEO ^ TACA DE-GE8, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OFEILHSEI$ TAUTH$
TRIPLASIAN; 'EPEIDAN TON TE POLITIKON 'APERGASWNTAI SOI4
KAI TON FILOSOFON.
SW ^ 'EIEN; "OUTW TOUTO, 'W* FILE QEODWRE, FHSOMEN
'AKHKOOTE$ 'EINAI TOU* PERI= LOGISMOU$ KAI TA GEWMETRIKA
KRATISTOU:
<P 257B>
QEO ^ PW*$, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW ^ TWN 'ANDRWN "EKASTON QENTO$ TH$ 'ISH$ 'AXIA$, "OI=4 THI
TIMHI PLEON 'ALLHLWN 'AFESTASIN 'H= KATA THN 'ANALOGIAN THN
TH$ "UMETERA$ TECNH$.
QEO ^ 'EU GE NH TON "HMETERON QEON, 'W* SWKRATE$, TON
'AMMWNA, KAI DIKAIW$, KAI PANU MEN-'OUN MNHMONIKW$ 'EPEPLHXA$
MOI TO PERI= TOU$ LOGISMOU$ "AMARTHMA. KAI SE MEN
'ANTI TOUTWN 'EI$ 'AUQI$ METEIMI; SU D' "HMIN, 'W* XENE, MHDAMW$
'APOKAMHI$ CARIZOMENO$, 'ALL' "EXH$, 'EI=TE TON POLITIKON 'ANDRA
<P 257C>
PROTERON 'EI=TE TON FILOSOFON PROAIRHI0, PROELOMENO$ DIEXELQE.
XE ^ TAUT', 'W* QEODWRE, POIHTEON; 'EPEIPER "APAX GE
'EGKECEIRHKAMEN, KAI8 'OUK 'APOSTATEON PRIN 'AN4 'AUTWN PRO$
TO TELO$ 'ELQWMEN. 'ALLA=-GAR PERI= QEAITHTOU TOUDE TI=
CRH DRAN ME:
QEO ^ TOU*2 PE=RI:
XE ^ DIANAPAUSWMEN 'AUTON METALABONTE$ 'AUTOU4 TON
SUGGUMNASTHN TONDE SWKRATH: 'H= PW*$ SUMBOULEUEI$:
QEO ^ KAQAPER 'EIPE$, METALAMBANE; NEW GAR 'ONTE "RA*ION
'OISETON PANTA PONON 'ANAPAUOMENW.
<P 257D>
SW ^ KAI-MHN KINDUNEUETON0, 'W* XENE, 'AMFW POQEN 'EMOI4
SUGGENEIAN 'ECEIN TINA. TON MEN-GE-'OUN "UMEI$ KATA THN TOU*
PROSWPOU FUSIN "OMOION 'EMOI4 FAINESQAI FATE0, TOU* D' "HMIN "H


<P 258A>
KLHSI$ "OMWNUMO$ 'OUSA KAI "H PROSRHSI$ PARECETAI TINA
'OIKEIOTHTA. DEI DH TOU$ GE SUGGENEI$ "HMA$ 'AEI PROQUMW$
DIA= LOGWN 'ANAGNWRIZEIN. QEAITHTWI MEN-'OUN 'AUTO$ TE SUNEMEIXA
CQE$ DIA= LOGWN KAI NU*N 'AKHKOA 'APOKRINOMENOU, SWKRATOU$
DE 'OUDE=TERA; DEI DE SKEYASQAI KAI TOUTON. 'EMOI4
MEN-'OUN 'EI$ 'AUQI$, SOI4 DE NU*N 'APOKRINESQW.
XE ^ TAUT' 'ESTAI. 'W* SWKRATE$, 'AKOUEI$ DH SWKRATOU$:
NESW ^ NAI.
XE ^ SUGCWREI$ 'OUN "OI$ LEGEI0:
NESW ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
<P 258B>
XE ^ 'OU TA SA KWLUEIN FAINETAI, DEI DE 'ISW$ 'ETI "HTTON
'TAMA DIAKWLUEIN. 'ALLA=-DH META TON SOFISTHN 'ANAGKAION, "W$
'EMOI4 FAINETAI, POLITIKON TON8 'ANDRA8 DIAZHTEIN NWIN; KAI MOI LEGE
POTERON TWN 'EPISTHMONWN TIN' "HMIN KAI TOUTON QETEON, 'H= PW*$:
NESW ^ "OUTW$.
XE ^ TA$ 'EPISTHMA$ 'A=RA DIALHPTEON, "WSPER "HNIKA TON
PROTERON 'ESKOPOUMEN:
NESW ^ TAC' 'AN4.
XE ^ 'OU-MEN-DH KATA 'TAUTON GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, FAINETAI
MOI TMHMA.
NESW ^ TI= MHN:
<P 258C>
XE ^ KAT' 'ALLO.
NESW _ 'EOIKEN0 GE.
XE ^ THN 'OUN POLITIKHN 'ATRAPON PH*I TI$ 'ANEURHSEI2:
DEI GAR 'AUTHN 'ANEUREIN, KAI CWRI$ 'AFELONTA$ 'APO TWN
'ALLWN 'IDEAN 'AUTHI MIAN 'EPISFRAGISASQAI, KAI TAI$ 'ALLAI$
'EKTROPAI$ "EN 'ALLO 'EIDO$ 'EPISHMHNAMENOU$ PASA$ TA$
'EPISTHMA$ "W$ 'OUSA$ DUO 'EIDH DIANOHQHNAI THN YUCHN "HMWN
POIHSAI0.
NESW ^ TOUT' 'HDH SON 'OIMAI TO 'ERGON, 'W* XENE, 'ALL'
'OUK 'EMON GIGNETAI.
<P 258D>
XE ^ DEI GE-MHN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'AUTO 'EINAI KAI SON, "OTAN
'EMFANE$ "HMIN GENHTAI.
NESW ^ KALW$ 'EIPE$.
XE ^ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OUK 'ARIQMHTIKH MEN-KAI TINE$ "ETERAI TAUTHI
SUGGENEI$ TECNAI YILAI TWN PRAXEWN 'EISI, TO DE GNWNAI0
PARESCONTO MONON:
NESW ^ 'ESTIN "OUTW$.
XE ^ "AI DE-GE PERI= TEKTONIKHN 'AU KAI SUMPASAN CEIROURGIAN
"WSPER 'EN TAI$ PRAXESIN 'ENOUSAN SUMFUTON THN
<P 258E>
'EPISTHMHN KEKTHNTAI, KAI SUNAPOTELOUSI0 TA GIGNOMENA "UP'
'AUTWN SWMATA PROTERON 'OUK 'ONTA.
NESW ^ TI= MHN:
XE ^ TAUTHI TOINUN SUMPASA$ 'EPISTHMA$ DIAIREI5, THN MEN
PRAKTIKHN PROSEIPWN, THN DE MONON GNWSTIKHN.
NESW ^ 'ESTW SOI4 TAUQ' "W$ MIA$ 'EPISTHMH$ TH$ "OLH$
'EIDH DUO.
XE ^ POTERON 'OUN TON POLITIKON KAI BASILEA KAI
DESPOTHN KAI 'ET' 'OIKONOMON QHSOMEN "W$ "EN PANTA TAUTA
PROSAGOREUONTE$, 'H= TOSAUTA$ TECNA$ 'AUTA$ 'EINAI FWMEN
"OSAPER 'ONOMATA 'ERRHQH: MALLON DE MOI DEURO "EPOU.
NESW ^ PH*I:


<P 259A>
XE ^ THIDE. 'EI TWI TI$ TWN DHMOSIEUONTWN0 'IATRWN "IKANO$
SUMBOULEUEIN 'IDIWTEUWN 'AUTO$, 'A*R' 'OUK 'ANAGKAION 'AUTWI
PROSAGOREUESQAI 'TOUNOMA TH$ TECNH$ 'TAUTON "OPER "WI
SUMBOULEUEI0:
NESW ^ NAI.
XE ^ TI= D': "OSTI$ BASILEUONTI CWRA$ 'ANDRI PARAINEIN
DEINO$ 'IDIWTH$ 'WN 'AUTO$, 'A*R' 'OU FHSOMEN 'ECEIN 'AUTON THN
'EPISTHMHN "HN 'EDEI TON 'ARCONTA 'AUTON KEKTHSQAI:
NESW ^ FHSOMEN.
<P 259B>
XE ^ 'ALLA=-MHN "H GE 'ALHQINOU BASILEW$ BASILIKH:
NESW ^ NAI.
XE ^ TAUTHN DE "O KEKTHMENO$ 'OUK, 'ANTE 'ARCWN 'ANTE
'IDIWTH$ 'WN TUGCANHI5, PANTW$ KATA GE THN TECNHN 'AUTHN
BASILIKO$ 'ORQW$ PROSRHQHSETAI:
NESW ^ DIKAION GOUN.
XE ^ KAI-MHN 'OIKONOMO$ GE-KAI DESPOTH$ 'TAUTON.
NESW ^ TI= MHN:
XE ^ TI= DE: MEGALH$ SCHMA 'OIKHSEW$ 'H= SMIKRA$ 'AU
POLEW$ 'OGKO$ MWN TI PRO$ 'ARCHN DIOISETON:
NESW ^ 'OUDEN.
<P 259C>
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N, "O= NUNDH DIESKOPOUMEQA, FANERON "W$ 'EPISTHMH
MIA PERI= PANT' 'ESTI TAUTA; TAUTHN DE-'EI=TE BASILIKHN
'EI=TE POLITIKHN 'EI=TE 'OIKONOMIKHN TI$ 'ONOMAZEI0, MHDEN 'AUTWI
DIAFERWMEQA.
NESW ^ TI= GAR:
XE ^ 'ALLA=-MHN TODE GE DHLON, "W$ BASILEU$ "APA$ CERSI
KAI SUMPANTI TW*I SWMATI SMIKR' 'ATTA 'EI$ TO KATECEIN THN
'ARCHN DUNATAI PRO$ THN TH$ YUCH$ SUNESIN KAI "RWMHN.
NESW ^ DHLON.
XE ^ TH$ DH GNWSTIKH$ MALLON 'H= TH$ CEIROTECNIKH$ KAI
<P 259D>
"OLW$ PRAKTIKH$ BOULEI TON BASILEA FWMEN 'OIKEIOTERON 'EINAI:
NESW ^ TI= MHN:
XE ^ THN 'A=RA POLITIKHN KAI POLITIKON KAI BASILIKHN KAI
BASILIKON 'EI$ 'TAUTON "W$ "EN PANTA TAUTA SUNQHSOMEN:
NESW ^ DHLON.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N POREUOIMEQ' 'AN4 "EXH$, 'EI META TAUTA THN
GNWSTIKHN DIORIZOIMEQA:
NESW ^ PANU GE.
XE ^ PROSECE DH TON NOUN 'AN2 'A=RA 'EN 'AUTHI TINA DIAFUHN
KATANOHSWMEN.
NESW ^ FRAZE POI=AN.
<P 259E>
XE ^ TOIANDE. LOGISTIKH POU TI$ "HMIN 'H*N TECNH.
NESW ^ NAI.
XE ^ TWN GNWSTIKWN GE 'OIMAI PANTAPASI TECNWN.
NESW ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
XE ^ GNOUSHI DH LOGISTIKHI THN 'EN TOI$ 'ARIQMOI$ DIAFORAN
MWN TI PLEON 'ERGON DWSOMEN 'H= TA GNWSQENTA KRINAI0:
NESW ^ TI= MHN:
XE ^ KAI-GAR 'ARCITEKTWN GE PA$ 'OUK 'AUTO$ 'ERGATIKO$
'ALL' 'ERGATWN 'ARCWN.
NESW ^ NAI.
XE ^ PARECOMENO$ GE-POU GNWSIN 'ALL' 'OU CEIROURGIAN.
NESW ^ "OUTW$.


<P 260A>
XE ^ DIKAIW$ DH METECEIN 'AN4 LEGOITO TH$ GNWSTIKH$
'EPISTHMH$.
NESW ^ PANU GE.
XE ^ TOUTWI DE-GE 'OIMAI PROSHKEI0 KRINANTI MH TELO$
'ECEIN MHD' 'APHLLACQAI, KAQAPER "O LOGISTH$ 'APHLLAKTO,
PROSTATTEIN DE "EKASTOI$ TWN 'ERGATWN TO GE PROSFORON "EW$
'AN4 'APERGASWNTAI TO PROSTACQEN.
NESW ^ 'ORQW$.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N GNWSTIKAI MEN "AI TE TOIAUTAI SUMPASAI KAI
"OPOSAI SUNEPONTAI THI LOGISTIKHI, KRISEI DE-KAI 'EPITAXEI
<P 260B>
DIAFERETON0 'ALLHLOIN TOUTW TW GENH:
NESW ^ FAINESQON0.
XE ^ 'A*R'-'OUN SUMPASH$ TH$ GNWSTIKH$ 'EI TO MEN 'EPITAKTIKON
MERO$, TO DE KRITIKON DIAIROUMENOI PROSEIPOIMEN,
'EMMELW$ 'AN4 FAIMEN DIHIRHSQAI:
NESW ^ KATA GE THN 'EMHN DOXAN.
XE ^ 'ALLA=-MHN TOI$ GE KOINHI TI PRATTOUSIN4 'AGAPHTON
"OMONOEIN.
NESW ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
XE ^ TOUTOU TOINUN MECRIPER 'AN4 'AUTOI KOINWNWMEN, 'EATEON
TA GE TWN 'ALLWN DOXASMATA CAIREIN.
NESW ^ TI= MHN:
<P 260C>
XE ^ FERE DH, TOUTOIN TOIN TECNAIN "HMIN TON BASILIKON
'EN POTERA\ QETEON: 'A*R' 'EN THI KRITIKHI, KAQAPER TINA QEATHN,
'H= MALLON TH$ 'EPITAKTIKH$ "W$ 'ONTA 'AUTON TECNH$ QHSOMEN,
DESPOZONTA GE:
NESW ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU MALLON:
XE ^ THN 'EPITAKTIKHN DH TECNHN PALIN 'AN4 'EIH QEATEON
'EI PHI DIESTHKEN0. KAI MOI DOKEI0 THIDE PHI, KAQAPER "H TWN
KAPHLWN TECNH TH$ TWN 'AUTOPWLWN DIWRISTAI TECNH$, KAI
<P 260D>
TO BASILIKON GENO$ 'EOIKEN0 'APO TOU* TWN KHRUKWN GENOU$
'AFWRISQAI.
NESW ^ PW*$:
XE ^ PWLHQENTA POU PROTERON 'ERGA 'ALLO=TRIA PARADECOMENOI
DEUTERON PWLOUSI0 PALIN "OI KAPHLOI.
NESW ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TO KHRUKIKON FULON 'EPITACQENT' 'ALLO=TRIA
NOHMATA PARADECOMENON 'AUTO DEUTERON 'EPITATTEI0 PALIN
"ETEROI$.
NESW ^ 'ALHQESTATA.
XE ^ TI= 'OUN: 'EI$ 'TAUTON MEIXOMEN BASILIKHN "ERMHNEUTIKHI,
<P 260E>
KELEUSTIKHI, MANTIKHI, KHRUKIKHI, KAI POLLAI$ "ETERAI$ TOUTWN
TECNAI$ SUGGENESIN, "AI=4 SUMPASAI TO G' 'EPITATTEIN 'ECOUSIN0:
'H= BOULEI, KAQAPER 'HIKAZOMEN NUNDH, KAI 'TOUNOMA PAREIKASWMEN,
'EPEIDH KAI SCEDON 'ANWNUMON 'ON TUGCANEI0 TO TWN 'AUTEPITAKTWN
GENO$, KAI TAUTHI TAUTA DIELWMEQA, TO MEN TWN
BASILEWN GENO$ 'EI$ THN 'AUTEPITAKTIKHN QENTE$, TOU* DE 'ALLOU
PANTO$ 'AMELHSANTE$, 'ONOMA "ETERON 'AUTOI$ PARACWRHSANTE$
QESQAI TINA: TOU* GAR 'ARCONTO$ "ENEKA "HMIN "H MEQODO$ 'H*N


<P 261A>
'ALL' 'OUCI TOU* 'ENANTIOU.
NESW ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EPEIDH TOUTO METRIW$ 'AFESTHKEN0 'AP' 'EKEINWN,
'ALLOTRIOTHTI DIORISQEN PRO$ 'OIKEIOTHTA, TOUTO 'AUTO PALIN 'AU
DIAIREIN 'ANAGKAION, 'EI TINA TOMHN 'ETI 'ECOMEN "UPEIKOUSAN 'EN
TOUTWI:
NESW ^ PANU GE.
XE ^ KAI-MHN FAINOMEQA 'ECEIN; 'ALL' 'EPAKOLOUQWN
SUNTEMNE.
NESW ^ PH*I:
XE ^ PANTA$ "OPOSOU$ 'AN4 'ARCONTA$ DIANOHQWMEN 'EPITAXEI
<P 261B>
PROSCRWMENOU$ 'A*R' 'OUC "EURHSOMEN GENESEW$ TINO$ "ENEKA
PROSTATTONTA$:
NESW ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
XE ^ KAI-MHN TA GE GIGNOMENA PANTA DICA DIALABEIN 'OU
PANTAPASI CALEPON.
NESW ^ PH*I:
XE ^ TA MEN 'AYUCA 'AUTWN 'ESTI POU SUMPANTWN, TA D'
'EMYUCA.
NESW ^ NAI.
XE ^ TOUTOI$ DE-GE 'AUTOI$ TO TOU* GNWSTIKOU MERO$
'EPITAKTIKON 'ON, 'EIPER BOULOMEQA TEMNEIN, TEMOUMEN.
NESW ^ KATA TI=:
XE ^ TO MEN 'EPI TAI$ TWN 'AYUCWN GENESESIN 'AUTOU4 TATTONTE$,
<P 261C>
TO D' 'EPI TAI$7 TWN 'EMYUCWN; KAI PAN "OUTW$ 'HDH
DIAIRHSETAI DICA.
NESW ^ PANTAPASI GE.
XE ^ TO MEN-TOINUN 'AUTWN PARALIPWMEN, TO D' 'ANALABWMEN,
'ANALABONTE$ DE MERISWMEQA 'EI$ DUO TO SUMPAN.
NESW ^ LEGEI$ D' 'AUTOIN 'ANALHPTEON 'EINAI POTERON:
XE ^ PANTW$ POU TO PERI= TA ZWIA 'EPITAKTIKON. 'OU-GAR-DH
TO GE TH$ BASILIKH$ 'EPISTHMH$ 'ESTI POTE TWN 'AYUCWN
'EPISTATOUN, "OION 'ARCITEKTONIKON, 'ALLA= GENNAIOTERON, 'EN TOI$
<P 261D>
ZWIOI$ KAI PERI= 'AUTA TAUTA THN DUNAMIN 'AEI KEKTHMENON.
NESW ^ 'ORQW$.
XE ^ THN GE-MHN TWN ZWIWN GENESIN KAI TROFHN THN MEN
TI$ 'AN4 'IDOI MONOTROFIAN 'OUSAN, THN DE KOINHN TWN 'EN TAI$
'AGELAI$ QREMMATWN 'EPIMELEIAN.
NESW ^ 'ORQW$.
XE ^ 'ALL'-'OU-MHN TON GE POLITIKON "EURHSOMEN 'IDIOTROFON,
"WSPER BOHLATHN 'H= TINA "IPPOKOMON, 'ALL' "IPPOFORBWI TE-KAI
BOUFORBWI MALLON PROSEOIKOTA.
NESW ^ FAINETAI GE-DH "RHQEN NU*N.
<P 261E>
XE ^ POTERON 'OUN TH$ ZWIOTROFIA$ THN TWN SUMPOLLWN
KOINHN TROFHN 'AGELAIOTROFIAN 'H= KOINOTROFIKHN TINA
'ONOMAZOMEN:
NESW ^ "OPOTERON 'AN4 'EN TW*I LOGWI SUMBAINHI5.
XE ^ KALW$ GE, 'W* SWKRATE$; 'KAN2 DIAFULAXHI$ TO MH
SPOUDAZEIN 'EPI TOI$ 'ONOMASIN, PLOUSIWTERO$ 'EI$ TO GHRA$
'ANAFANHSHI FRONHSEW$. NU*N DE TOUTO MEN, KAQAPER DIAKELEUHI0,
POIHTEON; THN DE 'AGELAIOTROFIKHN 'A*R' 'ENNOEI$ PH*I


<P 262A>
TI$ DIDUMON 'APOFHNA$ TO ZHTOUMENON 'EN DIPLASIOISI TA NU*N
'EN TOI$ "HMISESIN 'EI$ TO=TE POIHSEI2 ZHTEISQAI:
NESW ^ PROQUMHSOMAI. KAI MOI DOKEI0 TWN MEN 'ANQRWPWN
"ETE=RA TI$ 'EINAI, TWN D' 'AU QHRIWN 'ALLH TROFH.
XE ^ PANTAPASI GE PROQUMOTATA KAI 'ANDREIOTATA DIHIRHSAI;
MH-MENTOI TOUTO GE 'EI$ 'AUQI$ KATA DUNAMIN PASCWMEN.
NESW ^ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ MH SMIKRON MORION "EN PRO$ MEGALA KAI POLLA
<P 262B>
'AFAIRWMEN, MHDE 'EIDOU$ CWRI$; 'ALLA= TO MERO$ "AMA 'EIDO$
'ECETW. KALLISTON MEN-GAR 'APO TWN 'ALLWN 'EUQU$ DIACWRIZEIN
TO ZHTOUMENON, 'AN2 'ORQW$ 'ECHI5, KAQAPER 'OLIGON SU PROTERON
'OIHQEI$ 'ECEIN THN DIAIRESIN 'EPESPEUSA$ TON LOGON, 'IDWN 'EP'
'ANQRWPOU$ POREUOMENON; 'ALLA=-GAR, 'W* FILE, LEPTOURGEIN 'OUK
'ASFALE$, DIA= MESWN DE 'ASFALESTERON 'IENAI TEMNONTA$, KAI
MALLON 'IDEAI$ 'AN4 TI$ PROSTUGCANOI. TOUTO DE DIAFEREI0 TO
<P 262C>
PAN PRO$ TA$ ZHTHSEI$.
NESW ^ PW*$, 'W* XENE, LEGEI$ TOUTO:
XE ^ PEIRATEON 'ETI SAFESTERON FRAZEIN 'EUNOIA\ TH$ SH$
FUSEW$, 'W* SWKRATE$. 'EN TW*I MEN-'OUN PARESTHKOTI TA NU*N
DHLWSAI0 MHDEN 'ENDEW$ 'ADUNATON; 'EPICEIRHTEON DE TI KAI
SMIKRWI PLEON 'AUTO PROAGAGEIN 'EI$ TO PROSQEN SAFHNEIA$
"ENEKA.
NESW ^ POI*ON 'OUN-DH FRAZEI$ DIAIROUMENOU$ "HMA$ 'OUK
'ORQW$ 'ARTI DRAN:
XE ^ TOIONDE, "OION 'EI TI$ 'TANQRWPINON 'EPICEIRHSA$ DICA
<P 262D>
DIELESQAI GENO$ DIAIROI KAQAPER "OI POLLOI TWN 'ENQADE DIANEMOUSI0,
TO MEN "ELLHNIKON "W$ "EN 'APO PANTWN 'AFAIROUNTE$
CWRI$, SUMPASI DE TOI$ 'ALLOI$ GENESIN, 'APEIROI$ 'OUSI KAI
'AMEIKTOI$ KAI 'ASUMFWNOI$ PRO$ 'ALLHLA, BARBARON MIA*I KLHSEI
PROSEIPONTE$ 'AUTO DIA= TAUTHN THN MIAN KLHSIN KAI GENO$
"EN 'AUTO 'EINAI PROSDOKWSIN0; 'H= TON 'ARIQMON TI$ 'AU NOMIZOI
KAT' 'EIDH DUO DIAIREIN MURIADA 'APOTEMNOMENO$ 'APO PANTWN,
<P 262E>
"W$ "EN 'EIDO$ 'APOCWRIZWN, KAI TW*I LOIPWI DH PANTI QEMENO$ "EN
'ONOMA DIA= THN KLHSIN 'AU KAI TOUT' 'AXIOI3 GENO$ 'EKEINOU CWRI$
"ETERON "EN GIGNESQAI. KALLION DE-POU-KAI MALLON KAT' 'EIDH
KAI DICA DIAIROIT' 'AN4, 'EI TON MEN 'ARIQMON 'ARTIWI KAI PERITTWI
TI$ TEMNOI, TO DE 'AU TWN 'ANQRWPWN GENO$ 'ARRENI KAI QHLEI,
LUDOU$ DE 'H= FRUGA$ 'H= TINA$ "ETEROU$ PRO$ "APANTA$ TATTWN
'APOSCIZOI TO=TE, "HNIKA 'APOROI GENO$ "AMA KAI MERO$ "EURISKEIN


<P 263A>
"EKATERON TWN SCISQENTWN5.
NESW ^ 'ORQOTATA; 'ALLA=-GAR TOUTO 'AUTO, 'W* XENE, PW*$
'AN4 TI$ GENO$ KAI MERO$ 'ENARGESTERON GNOIH, "W$ 'OU 'TAUTON
'ESTON0 'ALL' "ETERON 'ALLHLOIN:
XE ^ 'W* BELTISTE 'ANDRWN, 'OU FAULON PROSTATTEI$, SWKRATE$.
"HMEI$ MEN-KAI NU*N MAKROTERAN TOU* DEONTO$ 'APO
TOU* PROTEQENTO$ LOGOU PEPLANHMEQA, SU DE 'ETI PLEON "HMA$
KELEUEI$ PLANHQHNAI. NU*N MEN-'OUN, "WSPER 'EIKO$, 'EPANIWMEN
<P 263B>
PALIN; TAUTA DE 'EI$ 'AUQI$ KATA SCOLHN KAQAPER 'ICNEUONTE$
METIMEN0. 'OU-MHN-'ALLA= TOUTO GE 'AU PANTAPASIN FULAXAI2, MH
POTE PAR' 'EMOU4 DOXHI$ 'AUTO 'ENARGW$ DIWRISMENON 'AKHKOENAI.
NESW ^ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ 'EIDO$ TE-KAI MERO$ "ETERON 'ALLHLWN 'EINAI.
NESW ^ TI= MHN:
XE ^ "W$ 'EIDO$ MEN "OTAN 'HI TOU, KAI MERO$ 'AUTO 'ANAGKAION
'EINAI TOU* PRAGMATO$ "OTOUPER 'AN4 'EIDO$ LEGHTAI; MERO$ DE
'EIDO$ 'OUDEMIA 'ANAGKH. TAUTHI ME 'H= 'KEINHI MALLON, 'W* SWKRATE$,
'AEI FAQI LEGEIN.
NESW ^ TAUT' 'ESTAI.
<P 263C>
XE ^ FRASON2 DH MOI TO META TOUTO.
NESW ^ POI*ON:
XE ^ TO TH$ 'APOPLANHSEW$ "OPOQEN "HMA$ DEUR' 'HGAGEN.
'OIMAI MEN-GAR MALISTA, "OQEN 'ERWTHQEI$ SU THN 'AGELAIOTROFIAN
"OPHI DIAIRETEON 'EIPE$ MALA PROQUMW$ DU' 'EINAI ZWIWN
GENH, TO MEN 'ANQRWPINON, "ETERON DE TWN 'ALLWN SUMPANTWN
QHRIWN "EN.
NESW ^ 'ALHQH.
XE ^ KAI 'EMOIGE DH TO=T' 'EFANH$ MERO$ 'AFAIRWN "HGEISQAI
KATALIPEIN TO LOIPON 'AU PANTWN GENO$ "EN, "OTI4 PASI 'TAUTON
<P 263D>
'EPONOMAZEIN 'ESCE$ 'ONOMA, QHRIA KALESA$.
NESW ^ 'H*N KAI TAUTA "OUTW$.
XE ^ TO DE-GE, 'W* PANTWN 'ANDREIOTATE, TAC' 'AN4, 'EI POU
FRONIMON 'ESTI TI ZWION "ETERON, "OION DOKEI0 TO TWN GERANWN,
'H= TI TOIOUTON 'ALLO, "O= KATA 'TAUTA 'ISW$ DIONOMAZEI0 KAQAPER
KAI SU, GERANOU$ MEN "EN GENO$ 'ANTITIQEN TOI$ 'ALLOI$ ZWIOI$
KAI SEMNUNON 'AUTO "EAUTO, TA DE 'A=LLA META TWN 'ANQRWPWN
SULLABON 'EI$ 'TAUTO 'OUDEN 'ALLO PLHN 'ISW$ QHRIA PROSEIPOI.
<P 263E>
PEIRAQWMEN 'OUN "HMEI$ 'EXEULABEISQAI PANQ' "OPOSA TOIAUTA.
NESW ^ PW*$:
XE ^ MH PAN TO TWN ZWIWN GENO$ DIAIROUMENOI, "INA "HTTON
'AUTA PASCWMEN.
NESW ^ 'OUDEN GAR DEI.
XE ^ KAI-GAR-'OUN-KAI TO=TE "HMARTANETO TAUTHI.
NESW ^ TI= DH:
XE ^ TH$ GNWSTIKH$ "OSON 'EPITAKTIKON "HMIN MERO$ 'H*N POU
TOU* ZWIOTROFIKOU GENOU$, 'AGELAIWN MHN ZWIWN. 'H*-GAR:
NESW ^ NAI.


<P 264A>
XE ^ DIHIRHTO TOINUN 'HDH KAI TO=TE SUMPAN TO ZWION TW*I
TIQASWI KAI 'AGRIWI. TA MEN-GAR 'ECONTA TIQASEUESQAI FUSIN
"H=MERA PROSEIRHTAI, TA DE MH 'QELONTA 'A=GRIA.
NESW ^ KALW$.
XE ^ "HN DE-GE QHREUOMEN 'EPISTHMHN, 'EN TOI$ "HMEROI$ 'H*N
TE-KAI 'ESTIN, 'EPI TOI$ 'AGELAIOI$ MHN ZHTHTEA QREMMASIN.
NESW ^ NAI.
XE ^ MH-TOINUN DIAIRWMEQA "WSPER TO=TE PRO$ "APANTA
'APOBLEYANTE$, MHDE SPEUSANTE$, "INA DH TACU GENWMEQA
<P 264B>
PRO$ THI POLITIKHI. PEPOIHKE0 GAR "HMA$ KAI NU*N PAQEIN TO
KATA THN PAROIMIAN PAQO$.
NESW ^ POI*ON:
XE ^ 'OUC "HSUCOU$ 'EU DIAIROUNTA$ 'HNUKENAI BRADUTERON.
NESW ^ KAI KALW$ GE, 'W* XENE, PEPOIHKE0.
XE ^ TAUT' 'ESTW. PALIN D'-'OUN 'EX 'ARCH$ THN KOINOTROFIKHN
PEIRWMEQA2 DIAIREIN; 'ISW$ GAR-KAI TOUTO "O= SU
PROQUMHI0 DIAPERAINOMENO$ "O LOGO$ 'AUTO$ SOI4 KALLION MHNUSEI2.
KAI MOI FRAZE.
NESW ^ POI*ON DH:
XE ^ TODE, 'EI TINWN POLLAKI$ 'A=RA DIAKHKOA$; 'OU-GAR-DH
<P 264C>
PROSTUCH$ GE 'AUTO$ 'OID' "OTI4 GEGONA$ TAI$ 'EN TW*I NEILWI
TIQASEIAI$ TWN 'ICQUWN KAI TWN 'EN TAI$ BASILIKAI$ LIMNAI$.
'EN MEN-GAR KRHNAI$ TAC' 'AN4 'ISW$ 'EIH$-'HISQHMENO$.
NESW ^ PANU MEN-'OUN-KAI TAUTA TEQEAMAI 'KAKEINA
POLLWN 'AKHKOA.
XE ^ KAI-MHN CHNOBWTIA$ GE-KAI GERANOBWTIA$, 'EI KAI
MH PEPLANHSAI PERI= TA QETTALIKA PEDIA, PEPUSAI GOUN-KAI
PISTEUEI$ 'EINAI.
NESW ^ TI= MHN:
<P 264D>
XE ^ TOUD' "ENEKA TOI PANTA 'HRWTHSA TAUTA, DIOTI
TH$ TWN 'AGELAIWN TROFH$ 'ESTI MEN 'ENUDRON, 'ESTI DE-KAI
XHROBATIKON.
NESW ^ 'ESTI GAR-'OUN.
XE ^ 'A*R'-'OUN-KAI SOI4 SUNDOKEI0 TAUTHI DEIN DICAZEIN THN
KOINOTROFIKHN 'EPISTHMHN, 'EF' "EKATERWI TOUTWN TO MERO$
'AUTH$ 'EPINEMONTA$ "EKATERON, TO MEN "ETERON "UGROTROFIKON
'ONOMAZONTA$, TO D' "ETERON XHROTROFIKON:
NESW ^ 'EMOIGE.
XE ^ KAI-MHN-KAI TO BASILIKON "OUTW$ 'OU ZHTHSOMEN
<P 264E>
"OPOTERA$ 'ESTI TH$ TECNH$; DHLON DH8-GAR PANTI.
NESW ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
XE ^ PA$ MEN-DH TO GE XHROTROFIKON TH$ 'AGELAIOTROFIA$
DIELOIT' 'AN4 FULON.
NESW ^ PW*$:
XE ^ TW*I PTHNWI TE-KAI PEZWI DIORISAMENO$.
NESW ^ 'ALHQESTATA.
XE ^ TI= DE: TO POLITIKON 'H* PERI= TO PEZON ZHTHTEON: 'H=
'OUK 'OIEI KAI TON 'AFRONESTATON "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN DOXAZEIN
"OUTW$:
NESW ^ 'EGWGE.
XE ^ THN DE PEZONOMIKHN, KAQAPER 'ARTI TON 'ARIQMON, DEI
TEMNOMENHN DICA 'APOFAINEIN.
NESW ^ DHLON.


<P 265A>
XE ^ KAI-MHN 'EF' "O= GE MERO$ "WRMHKEN0 "HMIN "O LOGO$, 'EP'
'EKEINO DUO TINE KAQORAN "ODW TETAMENA FAINETAI, THN MEN
QATTW, PRO$ MEGA MERO$ SMIKRON DIAIROUMENHN, THN DE, "OPER
'EN TW*I PROSQEN 'ELEGOMEN "OTI4 DEI MESOTOMEIN "W$ MALISTA, TOUT'
'ECOUSAN MALLON, MAKROTERAN GE-MHN. 'EXESTIN 'OUN "OPOTERAN
'AN4 BOULHQWMEN, TAUTHN POREUQHNAI.
NESW ^ TI= DE: 'AMFOTERA$ 'ADUNATON:
XE ^ "AMA G', 'W* QAUMASTE; 'EN MEREI GE-MHN DHLON "OTI4
DUNATON.
<P 265B>
NESW ^ 'EN MEREI TOINUN 'EGWGE 'AMFOTERA$ "AIROUMAI.
XE ^ "RA\DION, 'EPEIDH TO LOIPON BRACU; KAT' 'ARCA$ MHN-KAI
MESOUSIN4 "AMA TH$ POREIA$ CALEPON 'AN4 'H*N "HMIN TO PROSTAGMA.
NU*N D', 'EPEIDH DOKEI0 TAUTHI, THN MAKROTERAN PROTERON
'IWMEN; NEALESTEROI GAR 'ONTE$ "RA*ION 'AUTHN POREUSOMEQA. THN
DE-DH DIAIRESIN "ORA.
NESW ^ LEGE.
XE ^ TA PEZA "HMIN TWN "HMERWN, "OSAPER 'AGELAI*A, DIHIRHMENA-'ESTI
FUSEI DICA.
NESW ^ TI=NI:
XE ^ TW*I TWN MEN THN GENESIN 'AKERWN 'EINAI, TWN DE
KERASFORON.
<P 265C>
NESW ^ FAINETAI.
XE ^ THN DH PEZONOMIKHN DIELWN 'APODO$ "EKATERWI TW*I MEREI
LOGWI CRWMENO$. 'AN2 GAR 'ONOMAZEIN 'AUTA BOULHQHI$, 'ESTAI SOI4
PERIPEPLEGMENON MALLON TOU* DEONTO$.
NESW ^ PW*$ 'OUN CRH LEGEIN:
XE ^ "WDE; TH$ PEZONOMIKH$ 'EPISTHMH$ DICA DIAIREQEISH$
TO MORION QATERON 'EPI TW*I KERASFORWI MEREI TW*I TH$ 'AGELH$
'EPITETACQAI, TO DE "ETERON 'EPI TW*I TH$ 'AKERATOU.
<P 265D>
NESW ^ TAUT' 'ESTW TAUTHI LECQENTA; PANTW$ GAR "IKANW$
DEDHLWTAI.
XE ^ KAI-MHN "O GE BASILEU$ "HMIN 'AU KATAFANH$ "OTI4
KOLOBON 'AGELHN TINA KERATWN NOMEUEI0.
NESW ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU DHLO$:
XE ^ TAUTHN TOINUN KATAQRAUSANTE$ TO GIGNOMENON 'AUTWI
PEIRWMEQA2 'APODOUNAI0.
NESW ^ PANU GE.
XE ^ POTERON 'OUN BOULEI TW*I SCISTWI TE-KAI TW*I KALOUMENWI0
MWNUCI DIAIREIN 'AUTHN 'H= THI KOINOGONIA\ TE-KAI 'IDIOGONIA\:
MANQANEI$ GAR-POU.
NESW ^ TO POI*ON:
<P 265E>
XE ^ "OTI4 TO MEN TWN "IPPWN KAI 'ONWN PEFUKEN0 'EX 'ALLHLWN
GENNAN.
NESW ^ NAI.
XE ^ TO DE-GE LOIPON 'ETI TH$ LEIA$ 'AGELH$ TWN "HMERWN
'AMIGE$ GENEI PRO$ 'ALLHLA.
NESW ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
XE ^ TI= D': "O POLITIKO$ 'A=R' 'EPIMELEIAN 'ECEIN FAINETAI
PO=TERA KOINOGENOU$ FUSEW$ 'H= TINO$ 'IDIOGENOU$:
NESW ^ DHLON "OTI4 TH$ 'AMEIKTOU.
XE ^ TAUTHN DH DEI KAQAPER TA 'EMPROSQEN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0,
"HMA$ DICA DIASTELLEIN.
NESW ^ DEI GAR-'OUN.


<P 266A>
XE ^ KAI-MHN TO GE ZWION, "OSON "HMERON KAI 'AGELAION,
SCEDON PLHN GENOIN DUOIN PAN 'HDH KATAKEKERMATISTAI. TO
GAR TWN KUNWN 'OUK 'EPAXION KATARIQMEIN GENO$ "W$ 'EN 'AGELAIOI$
QREMMASIN.
NESW ^ 'OU-GAR-'OUN. 'ALLA= TI=NI DH TW DUO DIAIROUMEN:
XE ^ "WIPER KAI DIKAION GE QEAITHTON TE-KAI SE DIANEMEIN0,
'EPEIDH KAI GEWMETRIA$ "APTESQON0.
NESW ^ TW*I2:
XE ^ THI DIAMETRWI DHPOU-KAI PALIN THI TH$ DIAMETROU
DIAMETRWI.
NESW ^ PW*$ 'EIPE$:
<P 266B>
XE ^ "H FUSI$, "HN TO GENO$ "HMWN TWN 'ANQRWPWN KEKTHTAI,
MWN 'ALLW$ PW$ 'EI$ THN POREIAN PEFUKEN0 'H= KAQAPER "H
DIAMETRO$ "H DUNAMEI DIPOU$:
NESW ^ 'OUK 'ALLW$.
XE ^ KAI-MHN "H GE TOU* LOIPOU GENOU$ PALIN 'ESTI KATA
DUNAMIN 'AU TH$ "HMETERA$ DUNAMEW$ DIAMETRO$, 'EIPER DUOIN GE
'ESTI PODOIN DI$ PEFUKUIA.
NESW ^ PW*$ D' 'OUK 'ESTI: KAI-DH-KAI SCEDON "O= BOULEI
DHLOUN0 MANQANW0.
XE ^ PRO$ DH TOUTOI$ "ETERON 'AU TI TWN PRO$ GELWTA
<P 266C>
'EUDOKIMHSANTWN0 'AN4, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'A*RA KAQORWMEN0 "HMIN GEGONO$
'EN TOI$ DIHIRHMENOI$:
NESW ^ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ 'TANQRWPINON "HMWN "AMA GENO$ SUNEILHCO$ KAI
SUNDEDRAMHKO$ GENEI TW*I TWN 'ONTWN0 GENNAIOTATWI KAI "AMA
'EUCERESTATWI.
NESW ^ KAQORW0 KAI MAL' 'ATOPW$ SUMBAINON.
XE ^ TI= D': 'OUK 'EIKO$ "USTATA 'AFIKNEISQAI TA BRADUTATA:
NESW ^ NAI, TOUTO GE.
XE ^ TODE DE 'OUK 'ENNOOUMEN, "W$ 'ETI GELOIOTERO$ "O BASILEU$
FAINETAI META TH$ 'AGELH$ SUNDIAQEWN KAI SUNDROMA
<P 266D>
PEPOREUMENO$ TW*I TWN 'ANDRWN 'AU PRO$ TON 'EUCERH BION 'ARISTA
GEGUMNASMENWI:
NESW ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ NU*N GAR, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EKEINO 'ESTI KATAFANE$ MALLON
TO "RHQEN TO=T' 'EN THI PERI= TON SOFISTHN ZHTHSEI.
NESW ^ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ "OTI4 THI TOIA*IDE MEQODWI TWN LOGWN 'OUTE SEMNOTEROU
MALLON 'EMELHSEN 'H= MH, TON TE SMIKROTERON 'OUDEN 'HTIMAKE0
PRO TOU* MEIZONO$, 'AEI DE KAQ' "AUTHN PERAINEI0 'TALHQESTATON.
NESW ^ 'EOIKEN0.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N META TOUTO, "INA MH ME FQHI$ 'ERWTHSA$ THN
<P 266E>
BRACUTERAN "ODON "HTI$ TO=TE 'H*N 'EPI TON TOU* BASILEW$ "ORON,
'AUTO$ SOI4 PROTERON 'ELQW:
NESW _ SFO=DRA GE.
XE ^ LEGW0 DH DEIN TO=TE 'EUQU$ TO PEZON TW*I DIPODI PRO$
TO TETRAPOUN GENO$ DIANEIMAI0, KATIDONTA DE 'TANQRWPINON 'ETI
MONWI TW*I PTHNWI SUNEILHCO$ THN DIPODA 'AGELHN PALIN TW*I
YILWI KAI TW*I PTEROFUEI TEMNEIN, TMHQEISH$ DE 'AUTH$ KAI
TO=T' 'HDH TH$ 'ANQRWPONOMIKH$ DHLWQEISH$ TECNH$, FERONTA
TON POLITIKON KAI BASILIKON "OION "HNIOCON 'EI$ 'AUTHN 'ENSTHSANTA,
PARADOUNAI0 TA$ TH$ POLEW$ "HNIA$ "W$ 'OIKEIA$ KAI
'AUTWI TAUTH$ 'OUSH$ TH$ 'EPISTHMH$.


<P 267A>
NESW ^ KALW$ KAI KAQAPEREI CREO$ 'APEDWKA$ MOI TON
LOGON, PROSQEI$ THN 'EKTROPHN "OION TOKON KAI 'ANAPLHRWSA$
'AUTON.
XE ^ FERE DH-KAI SUNEIRWMEN 'EPANELQONTE$ 'EPI THN 'ARCHN
MECRI TH$ TELEUTH$ TON LOGON TOU* 'ONOMATO$ TH$ TOU* POLITIKOU
TECNH$.
NESW _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ TH$ GNWSTIKH$ TOINUN 'EPISTHMH$ "HMIN 'H*N KAT' 'ARCA$
MERO$ 'EPITAKTIKON; TOUTOU DE 'APEIKASQEN TO MORION 'AUTEPITAKTIKON
<P 267B>
'ERRHQH. ZWIOTROFIKH DE PALIN 'AUTEPITAKTIKH$ 'OU TO
SMIKROTATON TWN GENWN 'APESCIZETO; KAI ZWIOTROFIKH$ 'EIDO$
'AGELAIOTROFIKON, 'AGELAIOTROFIKOU D' 'AU PEZONOMIKON; TOU* DE
PEZONOMIKOU MALISTA 'APETEMNETO TECNH TH$ 'AKERATOU FUSEW$
QREPTIKH. TAUTH$ D' 'AU TO MERO$ 'OUK 'ELATTON TRIPLOUN
SUMPLEKEIN 'ANAGKAION, 'AN2 'EI$ "EN TI$ 'AUTO 'ONOMA SUNAGAGEIN
BOULHQHI, GENESEW$ 'AMEIKTOU NOMEUTIKHN 'EPISTHMHN PROSAGOREUWN.
<P 267C>
TO D' 'APO TOUTOU TMHMA, 'EPI POIMNHI DIPODI MERO$
'ANQRWPONOMIKON 'ETI LEIFQEN MONON, TOUT' 'AUTO 'ESTIN 'HDH TO
ZHTHQEN, "AMA BASILIKON 'TAUTON KLHQEN KAI POLITIKON.
NESW ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ 'A*RA-G', 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALHQW$ "HMIN TOUTO KAQAPER
SU NU*N 'EIRHKA$ "OUTW$ 'ESTI KAI PEPRAGMENON:
NESW ^ TO POI*ON DH:
XE ^ TO PANTAPASIN "IKANW$ 'EIRHSQAI TO PROTEQEN: 'H=
TOUT' 'AUTO KAI MALISTA "H ZHTHSI$ 'ELLEIPEI0, TO TON LOGON
<P 267D>
'EIRHSQAI MEN PW$, 'OU-MHN PANTAPASI GE TELEW$ 'APEIRGASQAI:
NESW ^ PW*$ 'EIPE$:
XE ^ 'EGW NWIN PEIRASOMAI TOUT' 'AUTO "O= DIANOOUMAI NU*N
'ETI MALLON DHLWSAI0.
NESW ^ LEGOI$ 'AN4.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N TWN NOMEUTIKWN "HMIN POLLWN FANEISWN
'ARTI TECNWN MIA TI$ 'H*N "H POLITIKH KAI MIA$ TINO$ 'AGELH$
'EPIMELEIA:
NESW ^ NAI.
XE ^ TAUTHN DE-GE DIWRIZEN "O LOGO$ 'OUC "IPPWN 'EINAI TROFON
'OUD' 'ALLWN QHRIWN, 'ALL' 'ANQRWPWN KOINOTROFIKHN 'EPISTHMHN.
NESW ^ "OUTW$.
<P 267E>
XE ^ TO DH TWN NOMEWN PANTWN DIAFORON KAI TO TWN
BASILEWN QEASWMEQA.
NESW _ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ 'EI TI$ TWN 'ALLWN TWI, TECNH$ 'ALLH$ 'ONOMA 'ECWN,
KOINHI TH$ 'AGELH$ SUNTROFO$ 'EINAI FHSI KAI PROSPOIEITAI.
NESW _ PW*$ FH=I$:
XE ^ "OION "OI 'EMPOROI KAI GEWRGOI KAI SITOURGOI PANTE$,
KAI PRO$ TOUTOI$ GUMNASTAI KAI TO TWN 'IATRWN GENO$, 'OISQ'
"OTI4 TOI$ PERI= TA 'ANQRWPINA NOMEUSIN, "OU$ POLITIKOU$ 'EKALESAMEN,


<P 268A>
PANTAPASI TW*I LOGWI DIAMACOINT' 'AN4 "OUTOI SUMPANTE$,
"W$ SFEI$ TH$ TROFH$ 'EPIMELOUNTAI TH$ 'ANQRWPINH$, 'OU MONON
'AGELAIWN 'ANQRWPWN 'ALLA=-KAI TH$ TWN 'ARCONTWN0 'AUTWN:
NESW _ 'OUKOU*N 'ORQW$ 'AN4 LEGOIEN:
XE ^ 'ISW$. KAI TOUTO MEN 'EPISKEYOMEQA, TODE DE 'ISMEN,
"OTI4 BOUKOLWI GE 'OUDEI$ 'AMFISBHTHSEI2 PERI= TOUTWN 'OUDENO$,
'ALL' 'AUTO$ TH$ 'AGELH$ TROFO$ "O BOUFORBO$, 'AUTO$ 'IATRO$,
'AUTO$ "OION NUMFEUTH$ KAI PERI= TOU$ TWN GIGNOMENWN TOKOU$
<P 268B>
KAI LOCEIA$ MONO$ 'EPISTHMWN TH$ MAIEUTIKH$. 'ETI TOINUN
PAIDIA$ KAI MOUSIKH$ 'EF' "OSON 'AUTOU4 TA QREMMATA FUSEI
METEILHFEN0 'OUK 'ALLO$ KREITTWN PARAMUQEISQAI KAI KHLWN
PRAUNEIN, META TE 'ORGANWN KAI YILWI TW*I STOMATI THN TH$
"AUTOU POIMNH$ 'ARISTA METACEIRIZOMENO$ MOUSIKHN. KAI-DH-KAI
TWN 'ALLWN PE=RI NOMEWN "O 'AUTO$ TROPO$. 'H*-GAR:
NESW ^ 'ORQOTATA.
XE ^ PW*$ 'OUN "HMIN "O LOGO$ 'ORQO$ FANEITAI KAI 'AKERAIO$
<P 268C>
"O PERI= TOU* BASILEW$, "OTAN 'AUTON NOMEA KAI TROFON 'AGELH$
'ANQRWPINH$ QWMEN MONON 'EKKRINONTE$ MURIWN 'ALLWN
'AMFISBHTOUNTWN0:
NESW ^ 'OUDAMW$.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N 'ORQW$ 'OLIGON 'EMPROSQEN 'EFOBHQHMEN "UPOPTEUSANTE$
MH LEGONTE$ MEN TI TUGCANOIMEN SCHMA BASILIKON,
'OU-MHN 'APEIRGASMENOI GE 'EIMEN PW DI' 'AKRIBEIA$ TON POLITIKON,
"EW$ 'AN4 TOU$ PERIKECUMENOU$ 'AUTWI KAI TH$ SUNNOMH$
'AUTWI 'ANTIPOIOUMENOU$ PERIELONTE$ KAI CWRISANTE$ 'AP' 'EKEINWN
KAQARON MONON 'AUTON 'APOFHNWMEN:
<P 268D>
NESW ^ 'ORQOTATA MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ TOUTO TOINUN, 'W* SWKRATE$, "HMIN POIHTEON, 'EI MH
MELLOMEN 'EPI TW*I TELEI KATAISCUNAI0 TON LOGON.
NESW ^ 'ALLA=-MHN 'OUDAMW$ TOUTO GE DRASTEON.
XE ^ PALIN TOINUN 'EX 'ALLH$ 'ARCH$ DEI KAQ' "ETERAN "ODON
POREUQHNAI TINA.
NESW ^ POI=AN DH:
XE ^ SCEDON PAIDIAN 'EGKERASAMENOU$; SUCNWI GAR MEREI
DEI MEGALOU MUQOU PROSCRHSASQAI, KAI TO LOIPON DH, KAQAPER
<P 268E>
'EN TOI$ PROSQEN, MERO$ 'AEI MEROU$ 'AFAIROUMENOU$ 'EP' 'AKRON
'AFIKNEISQAI TO ZHTOUMENON. 'OUKOU*N CRH:
NESW ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ 'ALLA=-DH TW*I MUQWI MOU PANU PROSECE TON NOUN,
KAQAPER "OI PAIDE$; PANTW$ 'OU POLLA 'EKFEUGEI$ PAIDIA$
'ETH.
NESW ^ LEGOI$ 'AN4.
XE ^ 'H*N TOINUN-KAI 'ETI 'ESTAI TWN PALAI LECQENTWN5
POLLA TE 'A=LLA KAI-DH-KAI TO PERI= THN 'ATREW$ TE-KAI
QUESTOU LECQEISAN 'ERIN FASMA. 'AKHKOA$ GAR-POU-KAI
'APOMNHMONEUEI$ "O= FASI0 GENESQAI TO=TE.
NESW ^ TO PERI= TH$ CRUSH$ 'ARNO$ 'ISW$ SHMEION
FRAZEI$.


<P 269A>
XE ^ 'OUDAMW$, 'ALLA= TO PERI= TH$ METABOLH$ DUSEW$ TE-KAI
'ANATOLH$ "HLIOU KAI TWN 'ALLWN 'ASTRWN, "W$ 'A=RA "OQEN MEN
'ANATELLEI0 NU*N 'EI$ TOUTON TO=TE TON TOPON 'EDUETO, 'ANETELLE D'
'EK TOU* 'ENANTIOU, TO=TE DE-DH MARTURHSA$ 'A=RA "O QEO$ 'ATREI
METEBALEN 'AUTO 'EPI TO NU*N SCHMA.
NESW ^ LEGETAI GAR-'OUN-DH-KAI TOUTO.
XE ^ KAI-MHN 'AU KAI THN GE BASILEIAN "HN 'HRXE KRONO$
POLLWN 'AKHKOAMEN.
<P 269B>
NESW ^ PLEISTWN MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ TI= DE: TO TOU$ 'EMPROSQEN FUESQAI GHGENEI$ KAI MH
'EX 'ALLHLWN GENNASQAI:
NESW ^ KAI TOUTO "EN TWN PALAI LECQENTWN5.
XE ^ TAUTA TOINUN 'ESTI MEN SUMPANTA 'EK 'TAUTOU PAQOU$,
KAI PRO$ TOUTOI$ "E=TERA MURIA KAI TOUTWN 'ETI QAUMASTO=TERA,
DIA= DE CRONOU PLHQO$ TA MEN 'AUTWN 'APESBHKE0, TA DE DIESPARMENA
'EIRHTAI CWRI$ "EKASTA 'AP' 'ALLHLWN. "O= D' 'ESTIN PASI
<P 269C>
TOUTOI$ 'AITION TO PAQO$ 'OUDEI$ 'EIRHKEN0, NU*N DE-DH LEKTEON;
'EI$ GAR THN TOU* BASILEW$ 'APODEIXIN PREYEI2 "RHQEN.
NESW _ KALLIST' 'EIPE$, KAI LEGE MHDEN 'ELLEIPWN.
XE ^ 'AKOUOI$ 'AN4. TO GAR PAN TODE TOTE= MEN 'AUTO$ "O
QEO$ SUMPODHGEI0 POREUOMENON KAI SUGKUKLEI0, TOTE= DE 'ANHKEN,
"OTAN "AI PERIODOI TOU* PROSHKONTO$ 'AUTWI METRON 'EILHFWSIN
'HDH CRONOU, TO DE PALIN 'AUTOMATON 'EI$ 'TANANTIA PERIAGETAI,
<P 269D>
ZWION 'ON KAI FRONHSIN 'EILHCO$ 'EK TOU* SUNARMOSANTO$ 'AUTO
KAT' 'ARCA$. TOUTO DE 'AUTWI TO 'ANAPALIN 'IENAI DIA= TOD' 'EX
'ANAGKH$ 'EMFUTON GEGONE0.
NESW ^ DIA= TO POI*ON DH:
XE ^ TO KATA 'TAUTA KAI "WSAUTW$ 'ECEIN 'AEI KAI 'TAUTON
'EINAI TOI$ PANTWN QEIOTATOI$ PROSHKEI0 MONOI$, SWMATO$
DE FUSI$ 'OU TAUTH$ TH$ TAXEW$. "ON DE 'OURANON KAI
KOSMON 'EPWNOMAKAMEN, POLLWN MEN-KAI MAKARIWN PARA
TOU* GENNHSANTO$ METEILHFEN0, 'ATAR-'OUN-DH KEKOINWNHKE0 GE-KAI
<P 269E>
SWMATO$; "OQEN 'AUTWI METABOLH$ 'AMOIRWI GIGNESQAI DIA=
PANTO$ 'ADUNATON, KATA DUNAMIN GE-MHN "OTI2 MALISTA 'EN TW*I
'AUTWI KATA 'TAUTA MIAN FORAN KINEITAI; DIO THN 'ANAKUKLHSIN
'EILHCEN0, "OTI2 SMIKROTATHN TH$ "AUTOU KINHSEW$ PARALLAXIN.
'AUTO DE "EAUTO STREFEIN 'AEI SCEDON 'OUDENI DUNATON PLHN TW*I
TWN KINOUMENWN 'AU PANTWN "HGOUMENWI; KINEIN DE TOUTWI TOTE=
MEN 'ALLW$, 'AUQI$ DE 'ENANTIW$ 'OU QEMI$. 'EK PANTWN DH
TOUTWN TON KOSMON MHTE 'AUTON CRH FANAI STREFEIN "EAUTON
'AEI, MHT' 'AU "OLON 'AEI "UPO QEOU STREFESQAI DITTA$ KAI 'ENANTIA$


<P 270A>
PERIAGWGA$, MHT' 'AU DUO TINE QEW FRONOUNTE "EAUTOI$ 'ENANTIA
STREFEIN 'AUTON, 'ALL' "OPER 'ARTI 'ERRHQH KAI MONON LOIPON,
TOTE= MEN "UP' 'ALLH$ SUMPODHGEISQAI QEIA$ 'AITIA$, TO ZHN
PALIN 'EPIKTWMENON KAI LAMBANONTA 'AQANASIAN 'EPISKEUASTHN
PARA TOU* DHMIOURGOU, TOTE= D' "OTAN 'ANEQHI, DI' "EAUTOU 'AUTON
'IENAI, KATA KAIRON 'AFEQENTA TOIOUTON, "WSTE 'ANAPALIN
POREUESQAI POLLA$ PERIODWN MURIADA$ DIA= DH TO MEGISTON
'ON KAI 'ISORROPWTATON 'EPI MIKROTATOU BAINON PODO$ 'IENAI.
<P 270B>
NESW ^ FAINETAI GOUN-DH-KAI MALA 'EIKOTW$ 'EIRHSQAI
PANQ' "OSA DIELHLUQA$.
XE ^ LOGISAMENOI DH SUNNOHSWMEN TO PAQO$ 'EK TWN NU*N
LECQENTWN5, "O= PANTWN 'EFAMEN 'EINAI TWN QAUMASTWN 'AITION.
'ESTI GAR-'OUN-DH TOUT' 'AUTO.
NESW ^ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ TO THN TOU* PANTO$ FORAN TOTE= MEN 'EF' "A NU*N
KUKLEITAI FERESQAI, TOTE= D' 'EPI 'TANANTIA.
NESW ^ PW*$ DH:
XE ^ TAUTHN THN METABOLHN "HGEISQAI DEI TWN PERI= TON
<P 270C>
'OURANON GIGNOMENWN TROPWN PASWN 'EINAI MEGISTHN KAI
TELEWTATHN TROPHN.
NESW ^ 'EOIKE0 GOUN.
XE ^ MEGISTA$ TOINUN-KAI METABOLA$ CRH NOMIZEIN GIGNESQAI
TO=TE TOI$ 'ENTO$ "HMIN 'OIKOUSIN4 'AUTOU4.
NESW ^ KAI TOUTO 'EIKO$.
XE ^ METABOLA$ DE MEGALA$ KAI POLLA$ KAI PANTOIA$
SUMFEROMENA$ 'A*R' 'OUK 'ISMEN THN TWN ZWIWN FUSIN "OTI4 CALEPW$
'ANECETAI:
NESW ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
XE ^ FQORAI TOINUN 'EX 'ANAGKH$ TO=TE MEGISTAI SUMBAINOUSI0
TWN TE 'ALLWN ZWIWN KAI-DH-KAI TO TWN 'ANQRWPWN
<P 270D>
GENO$ 'OLIGON TI PERILEIPETAI; PERI= DE TOUTOU$ 'A=LLA TE
PAQHMATA POLLA KAI QAUMASTA KAI KAINA SUMPIPTEI0, MEGISTON
DE TODE KAI SUNEPOMENON THI TOU* PANTO$ 'ANEILIXEI TO=TE,
"OTAN "H TH$ NU*N KAQESTHKUIA$ 'ENANTIA GIGNHTAI TROPH.
NESW ^ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ "HN "HLIKIAN "EKASTON 'EICE TWN ZWIWN, "AU=TH PRWTON
MEN 'ESTH PANTWN, KAI 'EPAUSATO PAN "OSON 'H*N QNHTON 'EPI TO
GERAITERON 'IDEIN POREUOMENON, METABALLON DE PALIN 'EPI
<P 270E>
'TOUNANTION "OION NEWTERON KAI "APALWTERON 'EFUETO; KAI TWN
MEN PRESBUTERWN "AI LEUKAI TRICE$ 'EMELAINONTO, TWN D' 'AU
GENEIWNTWN0 "AI PAREIAI LEAINOMENAI PALIN 'EPI THN PARELQOUSAN
"WRAN "EKASTON KAQISTASAN, TWN DE "HBWNTWN0 TA
SWMATA LEAINOMENA KAI SMIKRO=TERA KAQ' "HMERAN KAI NUKTA
"EKASTHN GIGNOMENA PALIN 'EI$ THN TOU* NEOGENOU$ PAIDO$ FUSIN
'APHIEI, KATA TE THN YUCHN KAI KATA TO SWMA 'AFOMOIOUMENA;
TO D' 'ENTEUQEN 'HDH MARAINOMENA KOMIDHI TO PAMPAN 'EXHFANIZETO.
TWN D' 'AU BIAIW$ TELEUTWNTWN0 'EN TW*I TO=TE CRONWI
TO TOU* NEKROU SWMA TA 'AUTA TAUTA PASCON PAQHMATA DIA=


<P 271A>
TACOU$ 'ADHLON 'EN 'OLIGAI$ "HMERAI$ DIEFQEIRETO.
NESW ^ GENESI$ DE-DH TI=$ TO=T' 'H*N, 'W* XENE, ZWIWN: KAI
TI=NA TROPON 'EX 'ALLHLWN 'EGENNWNTO:
XE ^ DHLON, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OTI4 TO MEN 'EX 'ALLHLWN 'OUK 'H*N
'EN THI TO=TE FUSEI GENNWMENON, TO DE GHGENE$ 'EINAI POTE
GENO$ LECQEN TOUT' 'H*N TO KAT' 'EKEINON TON CRONON 'EK GH$
PALIN 'ANASTREFOMENON, 'APEMNHMONEUETO DE "UPO TWN "HMETERWN
PROGONWN TWN PRWTWN, "OI=4 TELEUTWSHI MEN THI PROTERA\
<P 271B>
PERIFORA*I TON "EXH$ CRONON 'EGEITONOUN, THSDE DE KAT' 'ARCA$
'EFUONTO; TOUTWN GAR "OUTOI KHRUKE$ 'EGENONQ' "HMIN TWN LOGWN,
"OI=4 NU*N "UPO POLLWN 'OUK 'ORQW$ 'APISTOUNTAI. TO GAR 'ENTEUQEN
'OIMAI CRH SUNNOEIN. "EPOMENON GAR 'ESTI TW*I TOU$ PRESBUTA$
'EPI THN TOU* PAIDO$ 'IENAI FUSIN, 'EK TWN TETELEUTHKOTWN
'AU, KEIMENWN DE 'EN GHI, PALIN 'EKEI SUNISTAMENOU$ KAI 'ANABIWSKOMENOU$,
"EPESQAI THI TROPHI SUNANAKUKLOUMENH$ 'EI$
'TANANTIA TH$ GENESEW$, KAI GHGENEI$ DH KATA TOUTON TON
<P 271C>
LOGON 'EX 'ANAGKH$ FUOMENOU$, "OUTW$ 'ECEIN 'TOUNOMA KAI TON
LOGON, "OSOU$ MH QEO$ 'AUTWN 'EI$ 'ALLHN MOIRAN 'EKOMISEN.
NESW ^ KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN TOUTO GE "EPETAI TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN.
'ALLA=-DH TON BION "ON 'EPI TH$ KRONOU FH=I$ 'EINAI
DUNAMEW$, POTERON 'EN 'EKEINAI$ 'H*N TAI$ TROPAI$ 'H= 'EN TAISDE:
THN MEN-GAR TWN 'ASTRWN TE-KAI "HLIOU METABOLHN DHLON "W$
'EN "EKATERAI$ SUMPIPTEI0 TAI$ TROPAI$ GIGNESQAI.
XE ^ KALW$ TW*I LOGWI SUMPARHKOLOUQHKA$. "O= D' 'HROU
<P 271D>
PERI= TOU* PANTA 'AUTOMATA GIGNESQAI TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$, "HKISTA
TH$ NU*N 'ESTI KAQESTHKUIA$ FORA$, 'ALL' 'H*N KAI TOUTO TH$
'EMPROSQEN. TO=TE GAR 'AUTH$ PRWTON TH$ KUKLHSEW$ 'HRCEN
'EPIMELOUMENO$ "OLH$ "O QEO$, "W=$ D' 'AU KATA TOPOU$ 'TAUTON TOUTO,
"UPO QEWN 'ARCONTWN0 PANT' 'H*N TA TOU* KOSMOU MERH DIEILHMMENA;
KAI-DH-KAI TA ZWIA KATA GENH KAI 'AGELA$ "OION NOMH$ QEIOI
DIEILHFESAN DAIMONE$, 'AUTARKH$ 'EI$ PANTA "EKASTO$ "EKASTOI$
<P 271E>
'WN "OI$ 'AUTO$ 'ENEMEN, "WSTE 'OUT' 'AGRION 'H*N 'OUDEN 'OUTE 'ALLHLWN
'EDWDAI, POLEMO$ TE 'OUK 'ENHN 'OUDE STASI$ TO PARAPAN;
'A=LLA Q' "OSA TH$ TOIAUTH$ 'ESTI KATAKOSMHSEW$ "EPOMENA,
MURIA 'AN4 'EIH LEGEIN. TO D'-'OUN TWN 'ANQRWPWN LECQEN
'AUTOMATOU PE=RI BIOU DIA= TO TOIONDE 'EIRHTAI. QEO$ 'ENEMEN
'AUTOU$ 'AUTO$ 'EPISTATWN, KAQAPER NU*N 'ANQRWPOI, ZWION 'ON
"ETERON QEIOTERON, 'A=LLA GENH FAULO=TERA "AUTWN NOMEUOUSI0;
NEMONTO$ DE 'EKEINOU POLITEIAI TE 'OUK 'HSAN 'OUDE KTHSEI$


<P 272A>
GUNAIKWN KAI PAIDWN; 'EK GH$ GAR 'ANEBIWSKONTO PANTE$,
'OUDEN MEMNHMENOI TWN PROSQEN; 'ALLA= TA MEN TOIAUTA 'APHN
PANTA, KARPOU$ DE 'AFQONOU$ 'EICON 'APO TE DENDRWN KAI
POLLH$ "ULH$ 'ALLH$, 'OUC "UPO GEWRGIA$ FUOMENOU$, 'ALL'
'AUTOMATH$ 'ANADIDOUSH$ TH$ GH$. GUMNOI DE-KAI 'ASTRWTOI
QURAULOUNTE$ TA POLLA 'ENEMONTO; TO GAR TWN "WRWN 'AUTOI$
'ALUPON 'EKEKRATO, MALAKA$ DE 'EUNA$ 'EICON 'ANAFUOMENH$ 'EK
<P 272B>
GH$ POA$ 'AFQONOU. TON DH BION, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'AKOUEI$ MEN
TON TWN 'EPI KRONOU; TONDE D' "ON LOGO$ 'EPI DIO$ 'EINAI, TON
NUNI, PARWN 'AUTO$ 'HISQHSAI; KRINAI0 D' 'AUTOIN TON 'EUDAIMONESTERON
'A*R' 'AN4 DUNAIO TE-KAI 'EQELHSEIA$:
NESW ^ 'OUDAMW$.
XE ^ BOULEI DHTA 'EGW SOI4 TROPON TINA DIAKRINW43:
NESW ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ 'EI MEN-TOINUN "OI TROFIMOI TOU* KRONOU, PAROUSH$
'AUTOI$ "OUTW POLLH$ SCOLH$ KAI DUNAMEW$ PRO$ TO MH MONON
'ANQRWPOI$ 'ALLA=-KAI QHRIOI$ DIA= LOGWN DUNASQAI SUGGIGNESQAI,
<P 272C>
KATECRWNTO TOUTOI$ SUMPASIN 'EPI FILOSOFIAN, META
TE QHRIWN KAI MET' 'ALLHLWN "OMILOUNTE$, KAI PUNQANOMENOI
PARA PASH$ FUSEW$ 'EI TINA TI$ 'IDIAN DUNAMIN 'ECOUSA 'HISQETO
TI DIAFORON TWN 'ALLWN 'EI$ SUNAGURMON FRONHSEW$, 'EUKRITON
"OTI4 TWN NU*N "OI TO=TE MURIWI PRO$ 'EUDAIMONIAN DIEFERON; 'EI D'
'EMPIMPLAMENOI SITWN "ADHN KAI POTWN DIELEGONTO PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$
KAI TA QHRIA MUQOU$8 "OI*A DH-KAI TA NU*N PERI= 'AUTWN
<P 272D>
LEGONTAI, KAI TOUTO, "W$ GE KATA THN 'EMHN DOXAN 'APOFHNASQAI,
KAI MAL' 'EUKRITON. "OMW$ D'-'OUN TAUTA MEN 'AFWMEN, "EW$ 'AN4
"HMIN MHNUTH$ TI$ "IKANO$ FANHI, POTERW$ "OI TO=TE TA$ 'EPIQUMIA$
'EICON PERI= TE 'EPISTHMWN KAI TH$ TWN LOGWN CREIA$;
"OU2 D' "ENEKA TON MUQON 'HGEIRAMEN, TOUTO LEKTEON, "INA TO
META TOUTO 'EI$ TO PROSQEN PERAINWMEN. 'EPEIDH GAR PANTWN
TOUTWN CRONO$ 'ETELEWQH KAI METABOLHN 'EDEI GIGNESQAI KAI-DH-KAI
<P 272E>
TO GHINON 'HDH PAN 'ANHLWTO GENO$, PASA$ "EKASTH$
TH$ YUCH$ TA$ GENESEI$ 'APODEDWKUIA$, "OSA 'H*N "EKASTHI PROSTACQEN
TOSAUTA 'EI$ GHN SPERMATA PESOUSH$, TO=TE DH TOU*
PANTO$ "O MEN KUBERNHTH$, "OION PHDALIWN 'OIAKO$ 'AFEMENO$,
'EI$ THN "AUTOU PERIWPHN 'APESTH, TON DE-DH KOSMON PALIN
'ANESTREFEN "EIMARMENH TE-KAI SUMFUTO$ 'EPIQUMIA. PANTE$
'OUN "OI KATA TOU$ TOPOU$ SUNARCONTE$ TW*I MEGISTWI DAIMONI
QEOI, GNONTE$ 'HDH TO GIGNOMENON, 'AFIESAN 'AU TA MERH TOU*


<P 273A>
KOSMOU TH$ "AUTWN 'EPIMELEIA$; "O DE METASTREFOMENO$ KAI
SUMBALLWN, 'ARCH$ TE-KAI TELEUTH$ 'ENANTIAN "ORMHN "ORMHQEI$,
SEISMON POLUN 'EN "EAUTWI POIW*N 'ALLHN 'AU FQORAN ZWIWN
PANTOIWN 'APHRGASATO. META DE TAUTA PROELQONTO$ "IKANOU
CRONOU, QORUBWN TE-KAI TARACH$ 'HDH PAUOMENO$ KAI TWN
SEISMWN GALHNH$ 'EPILABOMENO$ 'EI$ TE TON 'EIWQOTA DROMON
TON "EAUTOU KATAKOSMOUMENO$ 'HIEI, 'EPIMELEIAN KAI KRATO$ 'ECWN
<P 273B>
'AUTO$ TWN 'EN "AUTWI TE-KAI "EAUTOU, THN TOU* DHMIOURGOU KAI
PATRO$ 'APOMNHMONEUWN DIDACHN 'EI$ DUNAMIN. KAT' 'ARCA$
MEN-'OUN 'AKRIBESTERON 'APETELEI, TELEUTWN DE 'AMBLUTERON;
TOUTWN DE 'AUTWI TO SWMATOEIDE$ TH$ SUGKRASEW$ 'AITION, TO
TH$ PALAI POTE FUSEW$ SUNTROFON, "OTI4 POLLH$ 'H*N METECON
'ATAXIA$ PRIN 'EI$ TON NU*N KOSMON 'AFIKESQAI. PARA MEN-GAR
TOU* SUNQENTO$ PANTA KALA KEKTHTAI; PARA DE TH$ 'EMPROSQEN
<P 273C>
"EXEW$, "OSA CALEPA KAI 'ADIKA 'EN 'OURANWI GIGNETAI, TAUTA 'EX
'EKEINH$ 'AUTO$ TE 'ECEI0 KAI TOI$ ZWIOI$ 'ENAPERGAZETAI. META
MEN-'OUN TOU* KUBERNHTOU TA ZWIA TREFWN 'EN "AUTWI SMIKRA MEN
FLAU*RA, MEGALA DE 'ENETIKTEN 'AGAQA; CWRIZOMENO$ DE 'EKEINOU
TON 'EGGUTATA CRONON 'AEI TH$ 'AFESEW$ KALLISTA PANTA
DIAGEI0, PROIONTO$ DE TOU* CRONOU KAI LHQH$ 'EGGIGNOMENH$ 'EN
'AUTWI MALLON KAI DUNASTEUEI0 TO TH$ PALAIA$ 'ANARMOSTIA$
<P 273D>
PAQO$, TELEUTWNTO$ DE 'EXANQEI0 TOU* CRONOU KAI SMIKRA MEN
'TAGAQA, POLLHN DE THN TWN 'ENANTIWN KRASIN 'EPEGKERANNUMENO$
'EPI DIAFQORA$ KINDUNON "AUTOU TE 'AFIKNEITAI KAI TWN
'EN "AUTWI. DIO DH-KAI TO=T' 'HDH QEO$ "O KOSMHSA$ 'AUTON, KAQORWN
'EN 'APORIAI$ 'ONTA, KHDOMENO$ "INA MH CEIMASQEI$ "UPO
TARACH$ DIALUQEI$ 'EI$ TON TH$ 'ANOMOIOTHTO$ 'APEIRON 'ONTA
<P 273E>
PONTON DUHI5, PALIN 'EFEDRO$ 'AUTOU4 TWN PHDALIWN GIGNOMENO$,
TA NOSHSANTA KAI LUQENTA 'EN THI KAQ' "EAUTON PROTERA\ PERIODWI
STREYA$, KOSMEI0 TE-KAI 'EPANORQWN 'AQANATON 'AUTON KAI
'AGHRWN 'APERGAZETAI. TOUTO MEN-'OUN TELO$ "APANTWN 'EIRHTAI;
TO D' 'EPI THN TOU* BASILEW$ 'APODEIXIN "IKANON 'EK TOU* PROSQEN
"APTOMENOI$ TOU* LOGOU; STREFQENTO$ GAR 'AU TOU* KOSMOU THN
'EPI THN NU*N GENESIN "ODON TO TH$ "HLIKIA$ 'AU PALIN "ISTATO
KAI KAINA 'TANANTIA 'APEDIDOU TOI$ TO=TE. TA MEN-GAR "UPO
SMIKROTHTO$ 'OLIGOU DEONTA 'HFANISQAI TWN ZWIWN 'HUXANETO,
TA D' 'EK GH$ NEOGENH SWMATA POLIA FUNTA PALIN 'APOQNHISKONTA
'EI$ GHN KATHIEI. KAI 'TALLA TE PANTA METEBALLE,


<P 274A>
'APOMIMOUMENA KAI SUNAKOLOUQOUNTA TW*I TOU* PANTO$ PAQHMATI,
KAI-DH-KAI TO TH$ KUHSEW$ KAI GENNHSEW$ KAI TROFH$ MIMHMA
SUNEIPETO TOI$ PASIN "UP' 'ANAGKH$; 'OU-GAR 'EXHN 'ET' 'EN GHI DI'
"ETERWN SUNISTANTWN3 FUESQAI ZWION, 'ALLA= KAQAPER TW*I KOSMWI
PROSETETAKTO 'AUTOKRATORA 'EINAI TH$ "AUTOU POREIA$, "OUTW DH
KATA 'TAUTA KAI TOI$ MERESIN 'AUTOI$ DI' "AUTWN, KAQ' "OSON "OION-T'-'H*N,
FUEIN TE-KAI GENNAN KAI TREFEIN PROSETATTETO "UPO TH$
<P 274B>
"OMOIA$ 'AGWGH$. "OU2 DE "ENEKA "O LOGO$ "WRMHKE0 PA$, 'EP' 'AUTWI
NU*N 'ESMEN 'HDH. PERI= MEN-GAR TWN 'ALLWN QHRIWN POLLA 'AN4
KAI MAKRA DIEXELQEIN GIGNOITO, 'EX "WN "EKASTA KAI DI' "A$ 'AITIA$
METABEBLHKE0; PERI= DE 'ANQRWPWN BRACU=TERA KAI MALLON
PROSHKONTA. TH$ GAR TOU* KEKTHMENOU KAI NEMONTO$ "HMA$
DAIMONO$ 'APERHMWQENTE$ 'EPIMELEIA$, TWN POLLWN 'AU QHRIWN,
"OSA CALEPA TA$ FUSEI$ 'H*N, 'APAGRIWQENTWN5, 'AUTOI DE 'ASQENEI$
'ANQRWPOI KAI 'AFULAKTOI GEGONOTE$ DIHRPAZONTO "UP'
<P 274C>
'AUTWN, KAI 'ET' 'AMHCANOI KAI 'ATECNOI KATA TOU$ PRWTOU$
'HSAN CRONOU$, "ATE TH$ MEN 'AUTOMATH$ TROFH$ 'EPILELOIPUIA$,
PORIZESQAI DE 'OUK 'EPISTAMENOI PW DIA= TO MHDEMIAN 'AUTOU$
CREIAN PROTERON 'ANAGKAZEIN. 'EK TOUTWN PANTWN 'EN MEGALAI$
'APORIAI$ 'HSAN. "OQEN DH TA PALAI LECQENTA PARA
QEWN DWRA "HMIN DEDWRHTAI MET' 'ANAGKAIA$ DIDACH$ KAI PAIDEUSEW$,
PUR MEN PARA PROMHQEW$ TECNAI DE PAR' "HFAISTOU
<P 274D>
KAI TH$ SUNTECNOU, SPERMATA DE 'AU KAI FUTA PAR'
'ALLWN; KAI PANQ' "OPOSA TON 'ANQRWPINON BION SUGKATESKEUAKEN0
'EK TOUTWN GEGONEN0, 'EPEIDH TO MEN 'EK QEWN, "OPER
'ERRHQH NUNDH, TH$ 'EPIMELEIA$ 'EPELIPEN 'ANQRWPOU$, DI' "EAUTWN
TE 'EDEI THN TE DIAGWGHN KAI THN 'EPIMELEIAN 'AUTOU$ "AUTWN
'ECEIN KAQAPER "OLO$ "O KOSMO$, "WI SUMMIMOUMENOI KAI SUNEPOMENOI
TON 'AEI CRONON NU*N MEN "OUTW$, TOTE= DE 'EKEINW$ ZWMEN0
<P 274E>
TE-KAI FUOMEQA. KAI TO MEN-DH TOU* MUQOU TELO$ 'ECETW,
CRHSIMON DE 'AUTON POIHSOMEQA PRO$ TO KATIDEIN "OSON "HMARTOMEN
'APOFHNAMENOI TON BASILIKON TE-KAI POLITIKON 'EN TW*I
PROSQE LOGWI.
NESW ^ PW*$ 'OUN-KAI PO=SON "AMARTHMA FH=I$ 'EINAI-GEGONO$
"HMIN:
XE ^ THI MEN BRACUTERON, THI DE MALA GENNAION KAI POLLWI
MEIZON KAI PLEON 'H= TO=TE.
NESW ^ PW*$:
XE ^ "OTI4 MEN 'ERWTWMENOI TON 'EK TH$ NU*N PERIFORA$ KAI
GENESEW$ BASILEA KAI POLITIKON TON 'EK TH$ 'ENANTIA$ PERIODOU


<P 275A>
POIMENA TH$ TO=TE 'ANQRWPINH$ 'AGELH$ 'EIPOMEN, KAI TAUTA QEON
'ANTI QNHTOU, TAUTHI MEN PAMPOLU PARHNECQHMEN; "OTI4 DE
SUMPASH$ TH$ POLEW$ 'ARCONTA 'AUTON 'APEFHNAMEN, "ONTINA
DE TROPON 'OU DIEIPOMEN, TAUTHI DE 'AU TO MEN LECQEN 'ALHQE$,
'OU-MHN "OLON GE-'OUDE SAFE$ 'ERRHQH, DIO KAI BRACUTERON 'H=
KAT' 'EKEINO "HMARTHKAMEN.
NESW ^ 'ALHQH.
XE ^ DEI TOINUN TON TROPON, "W$ 'EOIKE0, DIORISANTA$ TH$
'ARCH$ TH$ POLEW$ "OUTW TELEW$ TON POLITIKON "HMIN 'EIRHSQAI
PROSDOKAN.
NESW ^ KALW$.
<P 275B>
XE ^ DIA= TAUTA MHN-KAI TON MUQON PAREQEMEQA, "INA 'ENDEIXAITO
PERI= TH$ 'AGELAIOTROFIA$ MH MONON "W$ PANTE$ 'AUTH$
'AMFISBHTOUSI0 TW*I ZHTOUMENWI TA NU*N, 'ALLA= 'KAKEINON 'AUTON
'ENARGESTERON 'IDOIMEN, "ON PROSHKEI0 MONON KATA TO PARADEIGMA
POIMENWN TE-KAI BOUKOLWN TH$ 'ANQRWPINH$ 'EPIMELEIAN 'ECONTA
TROFH$ TOUTOU MONON 'AXIWQHNAI TOU* PROSRHMATO$.
NESW ^ 'ORQW$.
XE ^ 'OIMAI DE-G', 'W* SWKRATE$, TOUTO MEN 'ETI MEIZON 'H=
<P 275C>
KATA BASILEA 'EINAI TO SCHMA TO TOU* QEIOU NOMEW$, TOU$ D'
'ENQADE NU*N 'ONTA$ POLITIKOU$ TOI$ 'ARCOMENOI$ "OMOIOU$ TE
'EINAI MALLON POLU TA$ FUSEI$ KAI PARAPLHSIAITERON PAIDEIA$
METEILHFENAI KAI TROFH$.
NESW ^ PANTW$ POU.
XE ^ ZHTHTEOI GE-MHN 'OUDEN 'AN4 'EIHSAN 'OUQ' "HTTON 'OUTE
MALLON, 'EI=Q' "OUTW$ 'EI=T' 'EKEINW$ PEFUKASIN.
NESW ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
XE ^ THIDE DH PALIN 'EPANELQWMEN. "HN GAR 'EFAMEN 'AUTEPITAKTIKHN
MEN 'EINAI TECNHN 'EPI ZWIOI$, 'OU-MHN 'IDIA\ GE-'ALLA=
<P 275D>
KOINHI THN 'EPIMELEIAN 'ECOUSAN, KAI PROSEIPOMEN DH TO=TE 'EUQU$
'AGELAIOTROFIKHN % MEMNHSAI GAR:
NESW ^ NAI.
XE ^ TAUTH$ TOINUN PHI DIHMARTANOMEN. TON GAR POLITIKON
'OUDAMOU SUNELABOMEN 'OUD' 'WNOMASAMEN, 'ALL' "HMA$ 'ELAQEN KATA
THN 'ONOMASIAN 'EKFUGWN.
NESW ^ PW*$:
XE ^ TOU* TA$ 'AGELA$ "EKASTA$ TREFEIN TOI$ MEN 'ALLOI$
POU PASI METESTI NOMEUSI, TW*I POLITIKWI DE 'OU METON 'EPHNEGKAMEN
<P 275E>
'TOUNOMA, DEON TWN KOINWN 'EPENEGKEIN TI SUMPASIN.
NESW ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$, 'EIPER 'ETUGCANE GE 'ON.
XE ^ PW*$ D' 'OUK 'H*N TO GE QERAPEUEIN POU PASI KOINON,
MHDEN DIORISQEISH$ TROFH$ MHDE TINO$ 'ALLH$ PRAGMATEIA$:
'ALL' 'H= TINA 'AGELAIOKOMIKHN 'H= QERAPEUTIKHN 'H=-KAI TINA
'EPIMELHTIKHN 'AUTHN 'ONOMASASIN "W$ KATA PANTWN 'EXHN PERIKALUPTEIN
KAI TON POLITIKON "AMA TOI$ 'ALLOI$, 'EPEIDH DEIN
TOUT' 'ESHMAINEN "O LOGO$.


<P 276A>
NESW ^ 'ORQW$. 'ALL' "H META TOUTO DIAIRESI$ 'AU TI=NA
TROPON 'EGIGNET' 'AN4:
XE ^ KATA 'TAUTA KAQ' "APER 'EMPROSQEN DIHIROUMEQA THN
'AGELAIOTROFIKHN PEZOI$ TE-KAI 'APTHSI, KAI 'AMEIKTOI$ TE-KAI
'AKERATOI$, TOI$ 'AUTOI$ 'AN4 POU TOUTOI$ DIAIROUMENOI KAI THN
'AGELAIOKOMIKHN THN TE NU*N KAI THN 'EPI KRONOU BASILEIAN
PERIEILHFOTE$ 'AN4 'HMEN "OMOIW$ 'EN TW*I LOGWI.
NESW ^ FAINETAI; ZHTW0 DE 'AU TI= TO META TOUTO.
XE ^ DHLON "OTI4 LECQENTO$ "OUTW TOU* TH$ 'AGELAIOKOMIKH$
<P 276B>
'ONOMATO$ 'OUK 'AN4 POTE 'EGENEQ' "HMIN TO TINA$ 'AMFISBHTEIN
"W$ 'OUD' 'EPIMELEIA TO PARAPAN 'ESTIN, "WSPER TO=TE DIKAIW$
'HMFESBHTHQH MHDEMIAN 'EINAI TECNHN 'EN "HMIN 'AXIAN TOUTOU TOU*
QREPTIKOU PROSRHMATO$, 'EI D'-'OUN TI$ 'EIH, POLLOI$ PROTERON
'AUTH$ KAI MALLON PROSHKEIN 'H= TINI TWN BASILEWN.
NESW ^ 'ORQW$.
XE ^ 'EPIMELEIA DE-GE 'ANQRWPINH$ SUMPASH$ KOINWNIA$
'OUDEMIA 'AN4 'EQELHSEIEN "ETE=RA MALLON KAI PROTE=RA TH$ BASILIKH$
<P 276C>
FANAI KAI KATA PANTWN 'ANQRWPWN 'ARCH$ 'EINAI TECNH.
NESW ^ LEGEI$ 'ORQW$.
XE ^ META TAUTA DE-GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'A*R' 'ENNOOUMEN "OTI4
PRO$ 'AUTWI DH TW*I TELEI SUCNON 'AU DIHMARTANETO:
NESW ^ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ TODE, "W$ 'A=R' 'EI KAI DIENOHQHMEN "OTI2 MALISTA TH$
DIPODO$ 'AGELH$ 'EINAI TINA QREPTIKHN TECNHN, 'OUDEN TI
MALLON "HMA$ 'EDEI BASILIKHN 'AUTHN 'EUQU$ KAI POLITIKHN "W$
'APOTETELESMENHN PROSAGOREUEIN.
NESW ^ TI= MHN:
XE ^ PRWTON MEN, "O= LEGOMEN, 'TOUNOMA METASKEUWRHSASQAI,
<P 276D>
PRO$ THN 'EPIMELEIAN MALLON PROSAGAGONTA$ 'H=
THN TROFHN, 'EPEITA TAUTHN TEMNEIN; 'OU-GAR SMIKRA$ 'AN4 'ECOI
TMHSEI$ 'ETI.
NESW ^ POI=A$:
XE ^ "HI TE TON QEION 'AN4 POU DIEILOMEQA NOMEA CWRI$ KAI
TON 'ANQRWPINON 'EPIMELHTHN.
NESW ^ 'ORQW$.
XE ^ 'AUQI$ DE-GE THN 'APONEMHQEISAN 'EPIMELHTIKHN DICA
TEMNEIN 'ANAGKAION 'H*N.
NESW ^ TI=NI:
XE ^ TW*I BIAIWI TE-KAI "EKOUSIWI.
NESW ^ TI= DH:
<P 276E>
XE ^ KAI TAUTHI POU TO PROTERON "AMARTANONTE$ 'EUHQE=STERA
TOU* DEONTO$ 'EI$ 'TAUTON BASILEA KAI TURANNON SUNEQEMEN,
'ANOMOIOTATOU$ 'ONTA$ 'AUTOU$ TE-KAI TON TH$ 'ARCH$ "EKATEROU
TROPON.
NESW ^ 'ALHQH.
XE ^ NU*N DE-GE PALIN 'EPANORQOUMENOI, KAQAPER 'EIPON,
THN 'ANQRWPINHN 'EPIMELHTIKHN DICA DIAIRWMEQA, TW*I BIAIWI TE-KAI
"EKOUSIWI:
NESW ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ KAI THN MEN-GE-POU TWN BIAIWN TURANNIKHN, THN
DE "EKOUSION KAI "EKOUSIWN DIPODWN 'AGELAIOKOMIKHN ZWIWN
PROSEIPONTE$ POLITIKHN, TON 'ECONTA 'AU TECNHN TAUTHN KAI
'EPIMELEIAN 'ONTW$ 'ONTA BASILEA KAI POLITIKON 'APOFAINWMEQA:


<P 277A>
NESW ^ KAI KINDUNEUEI0 GE, 'W* XENE, TELEW$ 'AN4 "HMIN "OUTW$
'ECEIN "H PERI= TON POLITIKON 'APODEIXI$.
XE ^ KALW$ 'AN4, 'W* SWKRATE$, "HMIN 'ECOI. DEI DE MH SOI4
MONWI TAUTA, 'ALLA= 'KAMOI4 META SOU4 KOINHI SUNDOKEIN. NU*N DE
KATA GE THN 'EMHN 'OUPW FAINETAI TELEON "O BASILEU$ "HMIN
SCHMA 'ECEIN, 'ALLA= KAQAPER 'ANDRIANTOPOIOI PARA KAIRON
'ENIOTE SPEUDONTE$ PLEIW KAI MEIZW TOU* DEONTO$ "EKASTA TWN
<P 277B>
'ERGWN 'EPEMBALLOMENOI BRADUNOUSI0, KAI NU*N "HMEI$ "INA DH
PRO$ TW*I TACU KAI MEGALOPREPW$ DHLWSAIMEN TO TH$ 'EMPROSQEN
"AMARTHMA DIEXODOU, TW*I BASILEI NOMISANTE$ PREPEIN
MEGALA PARADEIGMATA POIEISQAI, QAUMASTON 'OGKON 'ARAMENOI
TOU* MUQOU, MEIZONI TOU* DEONTO$ 'HNAGKASQHMEN 'AUTOU4 MEREI
PROSCRHSASQAI; DIO MAKROTERAN THN 'APODEIXIN PEPOIHKAMEN
KAI PANTW$ TW*I MUQWI TELO$ 'OUK 'EPEQEMEN, 'ALL' 'ATECNW$ "O
<P 277C>
LOGO$ "HMIN "WSPER ZWION THN 'EXWQEN MEN PERIGRAFHN 'EOIKEN0
"IKANW$ 'ECEIN, THN DE "OION TOI$ FARMAKOI$ KAI THI SUGKRASEI
TWN CRWMATWN 'ENARGEIAN 'OUK 'APEILHFENAI PW. GRAFH$ DE-KAI
SUMPASH$ CEIROURGIA$ LEXEI KAI LOGWI DHLOUN0 PAN ZWION
MALLON PREPEI0 TOI$ DUNAMENOI$ "EPESQAI; TOI$ D' 'ALLOI$ DIA=
CEIROURGIWN.
NESW ^ TOUTO MEN 'ORQW$; "OPHI DE "HMIN 'OUPW FH=I$ "IKANW$
'EIRHSQAI DHLWSON2.
<P 277D>
XE ^ CALEPON, 'W* DAIMONIE, MH PARADEIGMASI CRWMENON
"IKANW$ 'ENDEIKNUSQAI TI TWN MEIZONWN. KINDUNEUEI0 GAR "HMWN
"EKASTO$ "OION 'ONAR 'EIDW$ "APANTA PANT' 'AU PALIN "WSPER "UPAR
'AGNOEIN.
NESW ^ PW*$ TOUT' 'EIPE$:
XE ^ KAI MAL' 'ATOPW$ 'EOIKA GE 'EN TW*I PARONTI KINHSA$
TO PERI= TH$ 'EPISTHMH$ PAQO$ 'EN "HMIN.
NESW ^ TI= DH:
XE ^ PARADEIGMATO$, 'W* MAKARIE, 'AU MOI KAI TO PARADEIGMA
'AUTO DEDEHKEN0.
<P 277E>
NESW ^ TI= 'OUN: LEGE MHDEN 'EMOU4 GE "ENEKA 'APOKNWN.
XE ^ LEKTEON 'EPEIDH KAI SU GE "ETOIMO$ 'AKOLOUQEIN.
TOU$ GAR-POU PAIDA$ 'ISMEN, "OTAN 'ARTI GRAMMATWN 'EMPEIROI
GIGNWNTAI %
NESW ^ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ "OTI4 TWN STOICEIWN "EKASTON 'EN TAI$ BRACUTATAI$
KAI "RA\STAI$ TWN SULLABWN "IKANW$ DIAISQANONTAI, KAI 'TALHQH
FRAZEIN PERI= 'EKEINA DUNATOI GIGNONTAI.


<P 278A>
NESW ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
XE ^ 'TAUTA DE-GE TAUTA 'EN 'ALLAI$ 'AMFIGNOOUNTE$ PALIN
DOXHI TE YEUDONTAI KAI LOGWI.
NESW ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OUC "WDE "RA*ISTON KAI KALLISTON 'EPAGEIN
'AUTOU$ 'EPI TA MHPW GIGNWSKOMENA:
NESW ^ PW*$:
XE ^ 'ANAGEIN PRWTON 'EP' 'EKEINA 'EN "OI$ 'TAUTA TAUTA
'ORQW$ 'EDOXAZON, 'ANAGAGONTA$ DE TIQENAI PARA TA MHPW
<P 278B>
GIGNWSKOMENA, KAI PARABALLONTA$ 'ENDEIKNUNAI THN 'AUTHN
"OMOIOTHTA KAI FUSIN 'EN 'AMFOTERAI$ 'OUSAN TAI$ SUMPLOKAI$,
MECRIPER 'AN4 PASI TOI$ 'AGNOOUMENOI$ TA DOXAZOMENA 'ALHQW$
PARATIQEMENA DEICQHI, DEICQENTA DE, PARADEIGMATA "OUTW GIGNOMENA,
POIHSHI6 TWN STOICEIWN "EKASTON PANTWN 'EN PASAI$
TAI$ SULLABAI$ TO MEN "ETERON "W$ TWN 'ALLWN "ETERON 'ON, TO
<P 278C>
DE 'TAUTON "W$ 'TAUTON 'AEI KATA 'TAUTA "EAUTWI PROSAGOREUESQAI.
NESW ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N TOUTO MEN "IKANW$ SUNEILHFAMEN, "OTI4 PARADEIGMATO$
G' 'ESTI TO=TE GENESI$, "OPOTAN 'ON 'TAUTON 'EN "ETERWI
DIESPASMENWI DOXAZOMENON 'ORQW$ KAI SUNACQEN PERI= "EKATERON
"W$ SUNAMFW MIAN 'ALHQH DOXAN 'APOTELHI5:
NESW ^ FAINETAI.
XE ^ QAUMAZOIMEN 'AN4 'OUN 'EI 'TAUTON TOUTO "HMWN "H YUCH
<P 278D>
FUSEI PERI= TA TWN PANTWN STOICEIA PEPONQUIA TOTE= MEN "UP'
'ALHQEIA$ PERI= "EN "EKASTON 'EN TISI SUNISTATAI, TOTE= DE PERI=
"APANTA 'EN "ETEROI$ 'AU FERETAI, KAI TA MEN 'AUTWN "AMHI GE PHI
TWN SUGKRASEWN 'ORQW$ DOXAZEI0, METATIQEMENA D' 'EI$ TA$ TWN
PRAGMATWN MAKRA$ KAI MH "RA\DIOU$ SULLABA$ 'TAUTA TAUTA
PALIN 'AGNOEI0:
NESW ^ KAI QAUMASTON GE 'OUDEN.
XE ^ PW*$ GAR, 'W* FILE, DUNAITO 'AN4 TI$ 'ARCOMENO$ 'APO
<P 278E>
DOXH$ YEUDOU$ 'EPI TI TH$ 'ALHQEIA$ KAI MIKRON MERO$ 'AFIKOMENO$
KTHSASQAI FRONHSIN:
NESW ^ SCEDON 'OUDAMW$.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N TAUTA 'EI TAUTHI PEFUKEN0, 'OUDEN DH PLHMMELOIMEN
'AN4 'EGW TE-KAI SU PRWTON MEN 'EPICEIRHSANTE$ "OLOU
PARADEIGMATO$ 'IDEIN THN FUSIN 'EN SMIKRWI KATA MERO$ 'ALLWI
PARADEIGMATI, META DE TAUTA MELLONTE$, 'EPI TO TOU* BASILEW$
MEGISTON 'ON 'TAUTON 'EIDO$ 'AP' 'ELATTONWN FERONTE$ POQEN, DIA=
PARADEIGMATO$ 'EPICEIREIN 'AU THN TWN KATA POLIN QERAPEIAN
TECNHI GNWRIZEIN, "INA "UPAR 'ANT' 'ONEIRATO$ "HMIN GIGNHTAI:
NESW ^ PANU MEN-'OUN 'ORQW$.


<P 279A>
XE ^ PALIN DH TON 'EMPROSQE LOGON 'ANALHPTEON, "W$
'EPEIDH TW*I BASILIKWI GENEI TH$ PERI= TA$ POLEI$ 'EPIMELEIA$
'AMFISBHTOUSI0 MURIOI, DEI DH PANTA$ 'APOCWRIZEIN TOUTOU$
KAI MONON 'EKEINON LEIPEIN KAI PRO$ TOUTO DH PARADEIGMATO$
'EFAMEN DEIN TINO$ "HMIN.
NESW ^ KAI MALA.
XE ^ TI= DHTA PARADEIGMA TI$ 'AN4, 'ECON THN 'AUTHN POLITIKHI
PRAGMATEIAN, SMIKROTATON PARAQEMENO$ "IKANW$ 'AN4 "EUROI TO
<P 279B>
ZHTOUMENON: BOULEI PRO$ DIO$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EI MH TI PROCEIRON
"ETERON 'ECOMEN, 'ALL'-'OUN THN GE "UFANTIKHN PROELWMEQA:
KAI TAUTHN, 'EI DOKEI0, MH PASAN: 'APOCRHSEI2 GAR 'ISW$ "H PERI=
TA 'EK TWN 'ERIWN "UFASMATA; TACA GAR 'AN4 "HMIN KAI TOUTO TO
MERO$ 'AUTH$ MARTURHSEIE PROAIREQEN "O= BOULOMEQA.
NESW ^ TI= GAR 'OU=:
XE ^ TI= DHTA 'OU, KAQAPER 'EN TOI$ 'EMPROSQE TEMNONTE$
MERH MERWN "EKASTON DIHIROUMEQA, KAI NU*N PERI= "UFANTIKHN
<P 279C>
'TAUTON TOUT' 'EDRASAMEN, KAI KATA DUNAMIN "OTI2 MALISTA DIA=
BRACEWN TACU PANT' 'EPELQONTE$ PALIN 'HLQOMEN 'EPI TO NU*N
CRHSIMON:
NESW ^ PW*$ LEGEI$:
XE ^ 'AUTHN THN DIEXODON 'APOKRISIN SOI4 POIHSOMAI.
NESW _ KALLIST' 'EIPE$.
XE ^ 'ESTI TOINUN PANTA "HMIN "OPOSA DHMIOURGOUMEN KAI
KTWMEQA0, TA MEN "ENEKA TOU* POIEIN TI, TA DE TOU* MH PASCEIN
'AMUNTHRIA; KAI TWN 'AMUNTHRIWN TA MEN 'ALEXIFARMAKA KAI
<P 279D>
QEI*A KAI 'ANQRWPINA, TA DE PROBLHMATA; TWN DE PROBLHMATWN
TA MEN PRO$ TON POLEMON "OPLISMATA, TA DE FRAGMATA; KAI
TWN FRAGMATWN TA MEN PARAPETASMATA, TA DE PRO$ CEIMWNA$
KAI KAUMATA 'ALEXHTHRIA; TWN DE 'ALEXHTHRIWN TA MEN STEGASMATA,
TA DE SKEPASMATA; KAI TWN SKEPASMATWN "UPOPETASMATA
MEN 'A=LLA, PERIKALUMMATA DE "E=TERA; PERIKALUMMATWN
DE TA MEN "OLOSCISTA, SUNQETA DE "E=TERA; TWN DE SUNQETWN
<P 279E>
TA MEN TRHTA, TA DE 'ANEU TRHSEW$ SUNDETA; KAI TWN 'ATRHTWN
TA MEN NEURINA FUTWN 'EK GH$, TA DE TRICINA; TWN DE
TRICINWN TA MEN "UDASI KAI GHI KOLLHTA, TA DE 'AUTA "AUTOI$
SUNDETA. TOUTOISI DH TOI$ 'EK TWN "EAUTOI$ SUNDOUMENWN
'ERGASQEISIN 'AMUNTHRIOI$ KAI SKEPASMASI TO MEN 'ONOMA "IMATIA
'EKALESAMEN; THN DE TWN "IMATIWN MALISTA 'EPIMELOUMENHN


<P 280A>
TECNHN, "WSPER TO=TE THN TH$ POLEW$ POLITIKHN 'EIPOMEN,
"OUTW KAI NU*N TAUTHN PROSEIPWMEN 'AP' 'AUTOU4 TOU* PRAGMATO$
"IMATIOURGIKHN: FWMEN DE-KAI "UFANTIKHN, "OSON 'EPI THI TWN
"IMATIWN 'ERGASIA\ MEGISTON 'H*N MORION, MHDEN DIAFEREIN PLHN
'ONOMATI TAUTH$ TH$ "IMATIOURGIKH$, KAQAPER 'KAKEI TO=TE THN
BASILIKHN TH$ POLITIKH$:
NESW ^ 'ORQOTATA GE.
XE ^ TO META TOUTO DH SULLOGISWMEQA "OTI4 THN "IMATIWN
<P 280B>
"UFANTIKHN "OUTW "RHQEISAN TI$ TAC' 'AN4 "IKANW$ 'EIRHSQAI DOXEIEN,
MH DUNAMENO$ SUNNOEIN "OTI4 TWN MEN 'EGGU$ SUNERGWN 'OUPW
DIWRISTAI, POLLWN DE "ETERWN SUGGENWN 'APEMERISQH.
NESW ^ POI=WN, 'EIPE=, SUGGENWN:
XE ^ 'OUC "ESPOU TOI$ LECQEISIN, "W$ FAINHI0; PALIN 'OUN
'EOIKEN0 'EPANITEON 'ARCOMENON 'APO TELEUTH$. 'EI GAR SUNNOEI$
THN 'OIKEIOTHTA, THN MEN DIETEMOMEN 'AP' 'AUTH$ NUNDH,
THN TWN STRWMATWN SUNQESIN PERIBOLHI CWRIZONTE$ KAI
"UPOBOLHI.
NESW ^ MANQANW0.
<P 280C>
XE ^ KAI-MHN THN 'EK TWN LINWN KAI SPARTWN KAI PANTWN
"OPOSA FUTWN 'ARTI NEURA KATA LOGON 'EIPOMEN, DHMIOURGIAN
PASAN 'AFEILOMEN; THN TE 'AU PILHTIKHN 'AFWRISAMEQA KAI
THN TRHSEI KAI "RAFHI CRWMENHN SUNQESIN, "H$ "H PLEISTH
SKUTOTOMIKH.
NESW ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ KAI-TOINUN THN TWN "OLOSCISTWN SKEPASMATWN QERAPEIAN
DERMATOURGIKHN KAI TA$ TWN STEGASMATWN, "OSAI TE 'EN
'OIKODOMIKHI KAI "OLHI TEKTONIKHI KAI 'EN 'ALLAI$ TECNAI$ "REUMATWN
<P 280D>
STEKTIKAI GIGNONTAI, SUMPASA$ 'AFEILOMEN, "OSAI TE PERI= TA$
KLOPA$ KAI TA$ BIA\ PRAXEI$ DIAKWLUTIKA 'ERGA PARECONTAI
TECNAI FRAGMATWN, PERI= TE GENESIN 'EPIQHMATOURGIA$ 'OUSAI
KAI TA$ TWN QURWMATWN PHXEI$, GOMFWTIKH$ 'APONEMHQEISAI
MORIA TECNH$; THN TE "OPLOPOIIKHN 'APETEMOMEQA, MEGALH$ KAI
PANTOIA$ TH$ PROBLHMATOURGIKH$ TMHMA 'OUSAN DUNAMEW$;
<P 280E>
KAI-DH-KAI THN MAGEUTIKHN THN PERI= TA 'ALEXIFARMAKA KAT'
'ARCA$ 'EUQU$ DIWRISAMEQA SUMPASAN, KAI LELOIPAMEN, "W$
DOXAIMEN 'AN4, 'AUTHN THN ZHTHQEISAN 'AMUNTIKHN CEIMWNWN, 'EREOU
PROBLHMATO$ 'ERGASTIKHN, 'ONOMA DE "UFANTIKHN LECQEISAN.
NESW ^ 'EOIKE0 GAR-'OUN.
XE ^ 'ALL' 'OUK 'ESTI PW TELEON, 'W* PAI, TOUTO LELEGMENON.
"O GAR 'EN 'ARCHI TH$ TWN "IMATIWN 'ERGASIA$ "APTOMENO$ 'TOUNANTION


<P 281A>
"UFHI DRAN FAINETAI.
NESW ^ PW*$:
XE ^ TO MEN TH$ "UFH$ SUMPLOKH TI$ 'ESTI POU.
NESW ^ NAI.
XE ^ TO DE-GE TWN SUNESTWTWN KAI SUMPEPILHMENWN
DIALUTIKH.
NESW ^ TO POI*ON DH:
XE ^ TO TH$ TOU* XAINONTO$ TECNH$ 'ERGON. 'H= THN XANTIKHN
TOLMHSOMEN "UFANTIKHN KAI TON XANTHN "W$ 'ONTA "UFANTHN
KALEIN0:
NESW ^ 'OUDAMW$.
XE ^ KAI-MHN THN GE 'AU STHMONO$ 'ERGASTIKHN KAI KROKH$
'EI TI$ "UFANTIKHN PROSAGOREUEI0, PARADOXON TE-KAI YEUDO$
<P 281B>
'ONOMA LEGEI0.
NESW ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
XE ^ TI= DE: KNAFEUTIKHN SUMPASAN KAI THN 'AKESTIKHN
PO=TERA MHDEMIAN 'EPIMELEIAN MHDE TINA QERAPEIAN 'ESQHTO$
QWMEN, 'H=-KAI TAUTA$ PASA$ "W$ "UFANTIKA$ LEXOMEN:
NESW ^ 'OUDAMW$.
XE ^ 'ALLA=-MHN TH$ GE QERAPEIA$ 'AMFISBHTHSOUSIN2
"AUTAI SUMPASAI KAI TH$ GENESEW$ TH$ TWN "IMATIWN THI TH$
"UFANTIKH$ DUNAMEI, MEGISTON MEN MERO$ 'EKEINHI DIDOUSAI,
MEGALA DE-KAI SFISIN-'AUTAI$ 'APONEMOUSAI0.
<P 281C>
NESW ^ PANU GE.
XE ^ PRO$ TOINUN TAUTAI$ 'ETI TA$ TWN 'ERGALEIWN DHMIOURGOU$
TECNA$, DI' "WN 'APOTELEITAI0 TA TH$ "UFH$ 'ERGA,
DOKEIN CRH TO GE SUNAITIA$ 'EINAI PROSPOIHSASQAI PANTO$
"UFASMATO$.
NESW ^ 'ORQOTATA.
XE ^ POTERON 'OUN "HMIN "O PERI= TH$ "UFANTIKH$ LOGO$, "OU2
PROEILOMEQA MEROU$, "IKANW$ 'ESTAI-DIWRISMENO$, 'EA=N 'A=R' 'AUTHN
TWN 'EPIMELEIWN "OPOSAI PERI= THN 'EREAN 'ESQHTA, 'EI$ THN
<P 281D>
KALLISTHN I*AI MEGISTHN PASWN TIQWMEN; 'H= LEGOIMEN MEN 'AN4
TI 'ALHQE$, 'OU-MHN SAFE$ GE-'OUDE TELEON, PRIN 'AN4 KAI TAUTA$
'AUTH$ PASA$ PERIELWMEN:
NESW ^ 'ORQW$.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N META TAUTA POIHTEON "O= LEGOMEN, "IN' 'EFEXH$
"HMIN "O LOGO$ 'IHI5:
NESW ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
XE ^ PRWTON MEN-TOINUN DUO TECNA$ 'OUSA$ PERI= PANTA
TA DRWMENA QEASWMEQA.
NESW ^ TI=NA$:
XE ^ THN MEN GENESEW$ 'OUSAN SUNAITION, THN D' 'AUTHN 'AITIAN.
NESW ^ PW*$:
<P 281E>
XE ^ "OSAI MEN TO PRAGMA 'AUTO MH DHMIOURGOUSI0, TAI$
DE DHMIOURGOUSAI$ 'ORGANA PARASKEUAZOUSIN0, "WN MH PARAGENOMENWN
'OUK 'AN4 POTE 'ERGASQEIH TO PROSTETAGMENON "EKASTHI
TWN TECNWN, TAUTA$ MEN SUNAITIOU$, TA$ DE 'AUTO TO PRAGMA
'APERGAZOMENA$ 'AITIA$.
NESW ^ 'ECEI0 GOUN LOGON.
XE ^ META TOUTO DH TA$ MEN PERI= TE 'ATRAKTOU$ KAI
KERKIDA$ KAI "OPOSA 'A=LLA 'ORGANA TH$ PERI= TA 'AMFIESMATA
GENESEW$ KOINWNEI0, PASA$ SUNAITIOU$ 'EIPWMEN, TA$ DE 'AUTA
QERAPEUOUSA$ KAI DHMIOURGOUSA$ 'AITIA$:
NESW ^ 'ORQOTATA.


<P 282A>
XE ^ TWN 'AITIWN DH PLUNTIKHN MEN-KAI 'AKESTIKHN KAI
PASAN THN PERI= TAUTA QERAPEUTIKHN, POLLH$ 'OUSH$ TH$
KOSMHTIKH$, 'TOUNTAUQA 'AUTH$ MORION 'EIKO$ MALISTA PERILAMBANEIN
'ONOMAZONTA$ PAN THI TECNHI THI KNAFEUTIKHI.
NESW ^ KALW$.
XE ^ KAI-MHN XANTIKH GE-KAI NHSTIKH KAI PANTA 'AU
TA PERI= THN POIHSIN 'AUTHN TH$ 'ESQHTO$ "H$ LEGOMEN
MERH, MIA TI$ 'ESTI TECNH TWN "UPO PANTWN LEGOMENWN,
"H TALASIOURGIKH.
NESW ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
<P 282B>
XE ^ TH$ DH TALASIOURGIKH$ DUO TMHMATA 'ESTON0, KAI
TOUTOIN "EKATERON "AMA DUOIN PEFUKATON TECNAIN MERH.
NESW ^ PW*$:
XE ^ TO MEN XANTIKON KAI TO TH$ KERKISTIKH$ "HMISU KAI
"OSA TA SUGKEIMENA 'AP' 'ALLHLWN 'AFISTHSI, PAN TOUTO "W$ "EN
FRAZEIN TH$ TE TALASIOURGIA$ 'AUTH$ 'ESTI20 POU, KAI MEGALA TINE
KATA PANTA "HMIN 'HSTHN TECNA, "H SUGKRITIKH TE-KAI DIAKRITIKH.
NESW ^ NAI.
XE ^ TH$ TOINUN DIAKRITIKH$ "H TE XANTIKH KAI TA NUNDH
<P 282C>
"RHQENTA "APANTA 'ESTIN; "H GAR 'EN 'ERIOI$ TE-KAI STHMOSI DIAKRITIKH,
KERKIDI MEN 'ALLON TROPON GIGNOMENH, CERSI DE "ETERON,
'ESCEN "OSA 'ARTIW$ 'ONOMATA 'ERRHQH.
NESW ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ 'AUQI$ DH PALIN SUGKRITIKH$ MORION "AMA KAI TALASIOURGIA$
'EN 'AUTHI GIGNOMENON LABWMEN; "OSA DE TH$ DIAKRITIKH$
'H*N 'AUTOQI, MEQIWMEN SUMPANTA, DICA TEMNONTE$ THN
TALASIOURGIAN DIAKRITIKWI TE-KAI SUGKRITIKWI TMHMATI.
NESW ^ DIHIRHSQW.
XE ^ TO SUGKRITIKON TOINUN 'AU SOI4 KAI TALASIOURGIKON
<P 282D>
"AMA MORION, 'W* SWKRATE$, DIAIRETEON, 'EIPER "IKANW$ MELLOMEN
THN PRORRHQEISAN "UFANTIKHN "AIRHSEIN.
NESW ^ 'OUKOU*N CRH.
XE ^ CRH MEN-'OUN; KAI LEGWMEN GE 'AUTH$ TO MEN 'EINAI
STREPTIKON, TO DE SUMPLEKTIKON.
NESW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN MANQANW0: DOKEI$ GAR MOI TO PERI= THN
TOU* STHMONO$ 'ERGASIAN LEGEIN STREPTIKON.
XE ^ 'OU MONON GE, 'ALLA=-KAI KROKH$; 'H= GENESIN 'ASTROFON
TINA 'AUTH$ "EURHSOMEN:
NESW ^ 'OUDAMW$.
<P 282E>
XE ^ DIORISAI2 DH-KAI TOUTOIN "EKATERON; 'ISW$ GAR "O
DIORISMO$ 'EGKAIRO$ 'AN4 SOI4 GENOITO.
NESW ^ PH*I:
XE ^ THIDE; TWN PERI= XANTIKHN 'ERGWN MHKUNQEN TE-KAI
SCON PLATO$ LEGOMEN 'EINAI KATAGMA TI:
NESW ^ NAI.
XE ^ TOUTOU DH TO MEN 'ATRAKTWI TE STRAFEN KAI STEREON
NHMA GENOMENON STHMONA MEN FAQI TO NHMA, THN DE 'APEUQUNOUSAN
'AUTO TECNHN 'EINAI STHMONONHTIKHN.
NESW ^ 'ORQW$.
XE ^ "OSA DE-GE 'AU THN MEN SUSTROFHN CAUNHN LAMBANEI0,
THI DE TOU* STHMONO$ 'EMPLEXEI PRO$ THN TH$ GNAYEW$ "OLKHN
'EMMETRW$ THN MALAKOTHTA 'ISCEI0, TAUT' 'A=RA KROKHN MEN TA
NHQENTA, THN DE 'EPITETAGMENHN 'AUTOI$ 'EINAI TECNHN THN


<P 283A>
KROKONHTIKHN FWMEN.
NESW ^ 'ORQOTATA.
XE ^ KAI-MHN TO GE TH$ "UFANTIKH$ MERO$ "O= PROUQEMEQA,
PANTI POU DHLON 'HDH. TO GAR SUGKRITIKH$ TH$
'EN TALASIOURGIA\ MORION "OTAN 'EUQUPLOKIA\ KROKH$ KAI STHMONO$
'APERGAZHTAI PLEGMA, TO MEN PLECQEN SUMPAN 'ESQHTA
'EREAN, THN D' 'EPI TOUTWI TECNHN 'OUSAN PROSAGOREUOMEN
"UFANTIKHN.
NESW ^ 'ORQOTATA.
<P 283B>
XE ^ 'EIEN; TI= DH POTE 'OUN 'OUK 'EUQU$ 'APEKRINAMEQA PLEKTIKHN
'EINAI KROKH$ KAI STHMONO$ "UFANTIKHN, 'ALLA= PERIHLQOMEN
'EN KUKLWI PAMPOLLA DIORIZOMENOI MATHN:
NESW ^ 'OU=KOUN 'EMOIGE, 'W* XENE, MATHN 'OUDEN TWN
"RHQENTWN5 'EDOXE "RHQHNAI.
XE ^ KAI QAUMASTON GE 'OUDEN; 'ALLA= TAC' 'AN4, 'W* MAKARIE,
DOXEIE. PRO$ DH TO NOSHMA TO TOIOUTON, 'AN2 'A=RA POLLAKI$
"USTERON 'EPIHI5 % QAUMASTON GAR 'OUDEN % LOGON 'AKOUSON2 TINA
<P 283C>
PROSHKONTA PERI= PANTWN TWN TOIOUTWN "RHQHNAI.
NESW ^ LEGE MONON.
XE ^ PRWTON TOINUN 'IDWMEN PASAN THN TE "UPERBOLHN KAI
THN 'ELLEIYIN, "INA KATA LOGON 'EPAINWMEN KAI YEGWMEN TA
MAKRO=TERA TOU* DEONTO$ "EKASTOTE LEGOMENA KAI 'TANANTIA PERI=
TA$ TOIASDE DIATRIBA$.
NESW ^ 'OUKOU*N CRH.
XE ^ PERI= DH TOUTWN 'AUTWN "O LOGO$ "HMIN 'OIMAI GIGNOMENO$
'ORQW$ 'AN4 GIGNOITO.
NESW ^ TI=NWN:
XE ^ MHKOU$ TE PE=RI KAI BRACUTHTO$ KAI PASH$ "UPEROCH$
<P 283D>
TE-KAI 'ELLEIYEW$; "H GAR-POU METRHTIKH PERI= PANT' 'ESTI
TAUTA.
NESW ^ NAI.
XE ^ DIELWMEN TOINUN 'AUTHN DUO MERH; DEI GAR-DH PRO$
"O= NU*N SPEUDOMEN.
NESW ^ LEGOI$ 'AN4 THN DIAIRESIN "OPHI.
XE ^ THIDE; TO MEN KATA THN PRO$ 'ALLHLA MEGEQOU$ KAI
SMIKROTHTO$ KOINWNIAN, TO DE TO8 KATA THN TH$ GENESEW$
'ANAGKAIAN 'OUSIAN.
NESW ^ PW*$ LEGEI$:
XE ^ 'A*R' 'OU KATA FUSIN DOKEI0 SOI4 TO MEIZON MHDENO$
"ETEROU DEIN MEIZON LEGEIN 'H= TOU* 'ELATTONO$, KAI 'TOULATTON 'AU
<P 283E>
TOU* MEIZONO$ 'ELATTON, 'ALLOU DE MHDENO$:
NESW ^ 'EMOIGE.
XE ^ TI= DE: TO THN TOU* METRIOU FUSIN "UPERBALLON KAI
"UPERBALLOMENON "UP' 'AUTH$ 'EN LOGOI$ 'EI=TE-KAI 'EN 'ERGOI$ 'A*R'
'OUK 'AU LEXOMEN "W$ 'ONTW$ GIGNOMENON, 'EN "WI KAI DIAFEROUSI0
MALISTA "HMWN "OI TE KAKOI KAI "OI8 'AGAQOI:
NESW ^ FAINETAI.
XE ^ DITTA$ 'A=RA TAUTA$ 'OUSIA$ KAI KRISEI$ TOU* MEGALOU
KAI TOU* SMIKROU QETEON, 'ALL' 'OUC "W$ 'EFAMEN 'ARTI PRO$
'ALLHLA MONON DEIN, 'ALL' "WSPER NU*N 'EIRHTAI MALLON THN MEN
PRO$ 'ALLHLA LEKTEON, THN D' 'AU PRO$ TO METRION; "OU2 DE
"ENEKA, MAQEIN 'A*R' 'AN4 BOULOIMEQA:
NESW ^ TI= MHN:


<P 284A>
XE ^ 'EI PRO$ MHDEN "ETERON THN TOU* MEIZONO$ 'EASEI2 TI$
FUSIN 'H= PRO$ 'TOULATTON, 'OUK 'ESTAI POTE PRO$ TO METRION;
'H*-GAR:
NESW ^ "OUTW$.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N TA$ TECNA$ TE 'AUTA$ KAI 'TARGA 'AUTWN SUMPANTA
DIOLOUMEN TOUTWI TW*I LOGWI, KAI-DH-KAI THN ZHTOUMENHN
NU*N POLITIKHN KAI THN "RHQEISAN "UFANTIKHN 'AFANIOUMEN:
"APASAI GAR "AI TOIAUTAI POU TO TOU* METRIOU PLEON KAI
'ELATTON 'OUC "W$ 'OUK 'ON 'ALL' "W$ 'ON CALEPON PERI= TA$ PRAXEI$
<P 284B>
PARAFULATTOUSI0, KAI TOUTWI DH TW*I TROPWI TO METRON SWIZOUSAI
PANTA 'AGAQA KAI KALA 'APERGAZONTAI.
NESW ^ TI= MHN:
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N 'AN2 THN POLITIKHN 'AFANISWMEN, 'APORO$ "HMIN
"H META TOUTO 'ESTAI ZHTHSI$ TH$ BASILIKH$ 'EPISTHMH$:
NESW _ KAI MALA.
XE ^ POTERON 'OUN, KAQAPER 'EN TW*I SOFISTHI PROSHNAGKASAMEN
'EINAI TO MH 'ON, 'EPEIDH KATA TOUTO DIEFUGEN "HMA$
"O LOGO$, "OUTW KAI NU*N TO PLEON 'AU KAI 'ELATTON METRHTA
PROSANAGKASTEON GIGNESQAI MH PRO$ 'ALLHLA MONON 'ALLA=-KAI
<P 284C>
PRO$ THN TOU* METRIOU GENESIN: 'OU-GAR-DH DUNATON GE-'OUTE
POLITIKON 'OUT' 'ALLON TINA TWN PERI= TA$ PRAXEI$ 'EPISTHMONA
'ANAMFISBHTHTW$ GEGONENAI TOUTOU MH SUNOMOLOGHQENTO$.
NESW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI NU*N "OTI2 MALISTA CRH 'TAUTON
POIEIN.
XE ^ PLEON, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ETI TOUTO TO 'ERGON 'H= 'KEINO %
KAITOI 'KAKEINOU GE MEMNHMEQA TO MHKO$ "OSON 'H*N % 'ALL'
"UPOTIQESQAI MEN TO TOIONDE PERI= 'AUTWN KAI MALA DIKAION.
NESW ^ TO POI*ON:
<P 284D>
XE ^ "W$ POTE DEHSEI2 TOU* NU*N LECQENTO$ PRO$ THN PERI=
'AUTO 'TAKRIBE$ 'APODEIXIN. "OTI4 DE PRO$ TA NU*N KALW$ KAI
"IKANW$ DEIKNUTAI, DOKEI0 MOI BOHQEIN MEGALOPREPW$ "HMIN "OUTO$
"O LOGO$, "W$ 'A=RA "HGHTEON "OMOIW$ TA$ TECNA$ PASA$ 'EINAI,
MEIZON TE "AMA KAI 'ELATTON METREISQAI MH PRO$ 'ALLHLA MONON
'ALLA=-KAI PRO$ THN TOU* METRIOU GENESIN. TOUTOU TE-GAR 'ONTO$
'EKEINA 'ESTI, 'KAKEINWN 'OUSWN 'ESTI KAI TOUTO, MH-DE 'ONTO$
POTEROU TOUTWN 'OUDETERON 'AUTWN 'ESTAI POTE.
<P 284E>
NESW ^ TOUTO MEN 'ORQW$; 'ALLA= TI= DH TO META TOUTO:
XE ^ DHLON "OTI4 DIAIROIMEN 'AN4 THN METRHTIKHN, KAQAPER
'ERRHQH, TAUTHI DICA TEMNONTE$, "EN MEN TIQENTE$ 'AUTH$ MORION
SUMPASA$ TECNA$ "OPOSAI TON 'ARIQMON KAI MHKH KAI BAQH
KAI PLATH KAI TACUTHTA$ PRO$ 'TOUNANTION METROUSIN0, TO DE
"ETERON, "OPOSAI PRO$ TO METRION KAI TO PREPON KAI TON KAIRON
KAI TO DEON KAI PANQ' "OPOSA 'EI$ TO MESON 'APWIKISQH TWN
'ESCATWN.
NESW ^ KAI MEGA GE "EKATERON TMHMA 'EIPE$, KAI POLU
DIAFERON 'ALLHLOIN.
XE ^ "O= GAR 'ENIOTE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OIOMENOI DH TI SOFON


<P 285A>
FRAZEIN POLLOI TWN KOMYWN LEGOUSIN0, "W$ 'A=RA METRHTIKH
PERI= PANT' 'ESTI TA GIGNOMENA, TOUT' 'AUTO TO NU*N LECQEN 'ON
TUGCANEI0. METRHSEW$ MEN-GAR-DH TINA TROPON PANQ' "OPOSA
'ENTECNA METEILHFEN0; DIA= DE TO MH KAT' 'EIDH SUNEIQISQAI
SKOPEIN DIAIROUMENOU$ TAUTA TE TOSOUTON DIAFERONTA SUMBALLOUSIN0
'EUQU$ 'EI$ 'TAUTON "O=MOIA NOMISANTE$, KAI 'TOUNANTION
'AU TOUTOU DRWSIN0 "E=TERA 'OU KATA MERH DIAIROUNTE$, DEON, "OTAN
<P 285B>
MEN THN TWN POLLWN TI$ PROTERON 'AISQHTAI KOINWNIAN, MH
PROAFISTASQAI PRIN 'AN4 'EN 'AUTHI TA$ DIAFORA$ 'IDHI6 PASA$
"OPOSAIPER 'EN 'EIDESI KEINTAI, TA$ DE 'AU PANTODAPA$ 'ANOMOIOTHTA$,
"OTAN 'EN PLHQESIN 'OFQWSIN, MH DUNATON 'EINAI DUSWPOUMENON
PAUESQAI PRIN 'AN4 SUMPANTA TA 'OIKEI*A 'ENTO$ MIA$
"OMOIOTHTO$ "ERXA$ GENOU$ TINO$ 'OUSIA\ PERIBALHTAI. TAUTA
MEN-'OUN "IKANW$ PERI= TE TOUTWN KAI PERI= TWN 'ELLEIYEWN KAI
"UPERBOLWN 'EIRHSQW; FULATTWMEN DE MONON "OTI4 DUO GENH
<P 285C>
PERI= 'AUTA 'EXHURHTAI TH$ METRHTIKH$, KAI "A FAMEN 'AUT' 'EINAI
MEMNWMEQA.
NESW ^ MEMNHSOMEQA.
XE ^ META TOUTON DH TON LOGON "ETERON PROSDEXWMEQA
PERI= 'AUTWN TE TWN ZHTOUMENWN KAI PERI= PASH$ TH$ 'EN TOI$
TOIOISDE LOGOI$ DIATRIBH$.
NESW ^ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ 'EI TI$ 'ANEROITO "HMA$ THN PERI= GRAMMATA SUNOUSIAN
TWN MANQANONTWN0, "OPOTAN TI$ "OTIOUN 'ONOMA 'ERWTHQHI TI=NWN
'ESTI GRAMMATWN, POTERON 'AUTWI TO=TE FWMEN GIGNESQAI THN
<P 285D>
ZHTHSIN "ENO$ "ENEKA MALLON TOU* PROBLHQENTO$ 'H= TOU* PERI=
PANTA TA PROBALLOMENA GRAMMATIKWTERWI GIGNESQAI:
NESW ^ DHLON "OTI4 TOU* PERI= "APANTA.
XE ^ TI= D' 'AU NU*N "HMIN "H PERI= TOU* POLITIKOU ZHTHSI$:
"ENEKA 'AUTOU4 TOUTOU PROBEBLHTAI MALLON 'H= TOU* PERI= PANTA
DIALEKTIKWTEROI$ GIGNESQAI:
NESW ^ KAI TOUTO DHLON "OTI4 TOU* PERI= PANTA.
XE ^ 'H*-POU TON TH$ "UFANTIKH$ GE LOGON 'AUTH$ TAUTH$
"ENEKA QHREUEIN 'OUDEI$ 'AN4 'EQELHSEIEN NOUN 'ECWN; 'ALL' 'OIMAI
TOU$ PLEISTOU$ LELHQEN0 "OTI4 TOI$ MEN TWN 'ONTWN0 "RA\DIW$
<P 285E>
KATAMAQEIN 'AISQHTAI TINE$ "OMOIOTHTE$ PEFUKASIN, "A$ 'OUDEN
CALEPON DHLOUN0, "OTAN 'AUTWN TI$ BOULHQHI TW*I LOGON 'AITOUNTI
PERI= TOU MH META PRAGMATWN 'ALLA= CWRI$ LOGOU "RA\DIW$
'ENDEIXASQAI; TOI$ D' 'AU MEGISTOI$ 'OUSI KAI TIMIWTATOI$


<P 286A>
'OUK 'ESTIN 'EIDWLON 'OUDEN PRO$ TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ 'EIRGASMENON
'ENARGW$, "OU2 DEICQENTO$ THN TOU* PUNQANOMENOU YUCHN "O
BOULOMENO$ 'APOPLHRWSAI0, PRO$ TWN 'AISQHSEWN TINA PROSARMOTTWN,
"IKANW$ PLHRWSEI2. DIO DEI MELETAN LOGON "EKASTOU
DUNATON 'EINAI DOUNAI0 KAI DEXASQAI; TA GAR 'ASWMATA, KALLISTA
'ONTA KAI MEGISTA, LOGWI MONON 'ALLWI DE 'OUDENI SAFW$ DEIKNUTAI,
TOUTWN DE "ENEKA PANT' 'ESTI TA NU*N LEGOMENA. "RA\WN
<P 286B>
D' 'EN TOI$ 'ELATTOSIN "H MELETH PANTO$ PE=RI MALLON 'H= PERI=
TA MEIZW.
NESW ^ KALLIST' 'EIPE$.
XE ^ "WN TOINUN CARIN "APANQ' "HMIN TAUT' 'ERRHQH PERI=
TOUTWN, MNHSQWMEN.
NESW ^ TI=NWN:
XE ^ TAUTH$ TE 'OUC "HKISTA 'AUTH$ "ENEKA TH$ DUSCEREIA$
"HN PERI= THN MAKROLOGIAN THN PERI= THN "UFANTIKHN 'APEDEXAMEQA
DUSCERW$, KAI THN PERI= THN TOU* PANTO$ 'ANEILIXIN KAI
THN TOU* SOFISTOU PE=RI TH$ TOU* MH 'ONTO$ 'OUSIA$, 'ENNOOUNTE$
"W$ 'ESCE MHKO$ PLEON, KAI 'EPI TOUTOI$ DH PASIN 'EPEPLHXAMEN
<P 286C>
"HMIN-'AUTOI$, DEISANTE$ MH PERIERGA "AMA KAI MAKRA LEGOIMEN.
"IN' 'OUN 'EI$ 'AUQI$ MHDEN PASCWMEN TOIOUTON, TOUTWN "ENEKA
PANTWN TA PROSQE NWIN 'EIRHSQAI FAQI.
NESW ^ TAUT' 'ESTAI. LEGE "EXH$ MONON.
XE ^ LEGW0 TOINUN "OTI4 CRH DH MEMNHMENOU$ 'EME KAI SE
TWN NU*N 'EIRHMENWN TON TE YOGON "EKASTOTE KAI 'EPAINON
POIEISQAI BRACUTHTO$ "AMA KAI MHKOU$ "WN 'AN4 'AEI PE=RI
LEGWMEN, MH PRO$ 'ALLHLA TA MHKH KRINONTE$ 'ALLA= KATA TO
<P 286D>
TH$ METRHTIKH$ MERO$ "O= TO=TE 'EFAMEN DEIN MEMNHSQAI, PRO$
TO PREPON.
NESW ^ 'ORQW$.
XE ^ 'OU-TOINUN-'OUDE PRO$ TOUTO PANTA. 'OUTE-GAR PRO$
THN "HDONHN MHKOU$ "ARMOTTONTO$ 'OUDEN PROSDEHSOMEQA, PLHN
'EI PARERGON TI; TO TE 'AU PRO$ THN TOU* PROBLHQENTO$ ZHTHSIN,
"W$ 'AN4 "RA*ISTA KAI TACISTA "EUROIMEN, DEUTERON 'ALL' 'OU PRWTON
"O LOGO$ 'AGAPAN PARAGGELLEI0, POLU DE MALISTA KAI PRWTON
THN MEQODON 'AUTHN TIMAN TOU* KAT' 'EIDH DUNATON 'EINAI DIAIREIN,
<P 286E>
KAI-DH-KAI LOGON, 'ANTE PAMMHKH$ LECQEI$ TON 'AKOUSANTA
"EURETIKWTERON 'APERGAZHTAI, TOUTON SPOUDAZEIN KAI TW*I MHKEI
MHDEN 'AGANAKTEIN, 'A=NT' 'AU BRACUTERO$, "WSAUTW$; 'ETI D' 'AU
PRO$ TOUTOI$ TON PERI= TA$ TOIASDE SUNOUSIA$ YEGONTA LOGWN
MHKH KAI TA$ 'EN KUKLWI PERIODOU$ 'OUK 'APODECOMENON, "OTI4 CRH
TON TOIOUTON MH PANU8 TACU MHD' 'EUQU$ "OUTW MEQIENAI YEXANTA


<P 287A>
MONON "W$ MAKRA TA LECQENTA, 'ALLA=-KAI PROSAPOFAINEIN
'OIESQAI DEIN "W$ BRACU=TERA 'AN4 GENOMENA TOU$ SUNONTA$
'APHRGAZETO DIALEKTIKWTEROU$ KAI TH$ TWN 'ONTWN0 LOGWI DHLWSEW$
"EURETIKWTEROU$, TWN DE 'ALLWN KAI PRO$ 'A=LL' 'ATTA
YOGWN KAI 'EPAINWN MHDEN FRONTIZEIN MHDE TO PARAPAN
'AKOUEIN DOKEIN TWN TOIOUTWN LOGWN. KAI TOUTWN MEN "ALI$,
'EI KAI SOI4 TAUTHI SUNDOKEI0; PRO$ DE-DH TON POLITIKON
<P 287B>
'IWMEN PALIN, TH$ PRORRHQEISH$ "UFANTIKH$ 'AUTWI FERONTE$ TO
PARADEIGMA.
NESW ^ KALW$ 'EIPE$, KAI POIWMEN "A LEGEI$.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N 'APO GE TWN POLLWN "O BASILEU$ "OSAI
SUNNOMOI, MALLON DE 'APO PASWN TWN PERI= TA$ 'AGELA$
DIAKECWRISTAI; LOIPAI DE, FAMEN, "AI KATA POLIN 'AUTHN TWN
TE SUNAITIWN KAI TWN 'AITIWN, "A$ PRWTA$ 'AP' 'ALLHLWN
DIAIRETEON.
NESW ^ 'ORQW$.
XE ^ 'OISQ' 'OUN "OTI4 CALEPON 'AUTA$ TEMEIN2 DICA: TO D'
<P 287C>
'AITION, "W$ 'OIMAI, PROIOUSIN 'OUC "HTTON 'ESTAI KATAFANE$.
NESW ^ 'OUKOU*N CRH DRAN "OUTW$.
XE ^ KATA MELH TOINUN 'AUTA$ "OION "IEREION DIAIRWMEQA,
'EPEIDH DICA 'ADUNATOUMEN. DEI GAR 'EI$ TON 'EGGUTATA "OTI2
MALISTA TEMNEIN 'ARIQMON 'AEI.
NESW ^ PW*$ 'OUN POIWMEN TA NU*N:
XE ^ "WSPER 'EMPROSQEN, "OPOSAI PAREICONTO 'ORGANA PERI=
THN "UFANTIKHN, PASA$ DHPOU TO=TE 'ETIQEMEN "W$ SUNAITIOU$.
NESW ^ NAI.
XE ^ KAI NU*N DH 'TAUTON MEN TOUTO, 'ETI DE MALLON 'H= TO=Q'
<P 287D>
"HMIN POIHTEON. "OSAI GAR SMIKRON 'H= MEGA TI DHMIOURGOUSI0
KATA POLIN 'ORGANON, QETEON "APASA$ TAUTA$ "W$ 'OUSA$ SUNAITIOU$.
'ANEU GAR TOUTWN 'OUK 'AN4 POTE GENOITO POLI$ 'OUDE POLITIKH,
TOUTWN D' 'AU BASILIKH$ 'ERGON TECNH$ 'OUDEN POU QHSOMEN.
NESW ^ 'OU-GAR.
XE ^ KAI-MEN-DH CALEPON 'EPICEIROUMEN DRAN 'APOCWRIZONTE$
TOUTO 'APO TWN 'ALLWN TO GENO$; "OTI2 GAR-'OUN TWN 'ONTWN0
'ESTIN2 "W$ "ENO$ GE TINO$ 'ORGANON 'EIPONTA DOKEIN 'EIRHKENAI
<P 287E>
TI PIQANON. "OMW$ DE "ETERON 'AU TWN 'EN POLEI KTHMATWN
'EIPWMEN TODE.
NESW ^ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ "W$ 'OUK 'ESTI TAUTHN THN DUNAMIN 'ECON. 'OU-GAR 'EPI
GENESEW$ 'AITIA\ PHGNUTAI, KAQAPER 'ORGANON, 'ALL' "ENEKA TOU*
DHMIOURGHQENTO$ SWTHRIA$.
NESW ^ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ TOUTO "O= DH XHROI$ KAI "UGROI$ KAI 'EMPUROI$ KAI
'APUROI$ PANTODAPON 'EIDO$ 'ERGASQEN 'AGGEION "O=8 DH8 MIA*I KLHSEI
PROSFQEGGOMEQA, KAI MALA GE SUCNON 'EIDO$ KAI THI ZHTOUMENHI


<P 288A>
GE, "W$ 'OIMAI, PROSHKON0 'OUDEN 'ATECNW$ 'EPISTHMHI.
NESW ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
XE ^ TOUTWN DH TRITON "ETERON 'EIDO$ KTHMATWN PAMPOLU
KATOPTEON PEZON KAI 'ENUDRON KAI POLUPLANE$ KAI 'APLANE$
KAI TIMION KAI 'ATIMON, "EN DE 'ONOMA 'ECON, DIOTI PAN "ENEKA
TINO$ 'EFEDRA$ 'ESTI, QAKO$ 'AEI TINI GIGNOMENON.
NESW ^ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ 'OCHMA 'AUTO POU LEGOMEN, 'OU PANU POLITIKH$
'ERGON, 'ALLA= MALLON POLU TEKTONIKH$ KAI KERAMIKH$ KAI
CALKOTUPIKH$.
NESW ^ MANQANW0.
<P 288B>
XE ^ TI= DE TETARTON: 'A*R' "ETERON 'EINAI TOUTWN LEKTEON,
'EN "WI TA PLEISTA 'ESTI TWN PALAI "RHQENTWN5, 'ESQH$ TE SUMPASA
KAI TWN "OPLWN TO POLU KAI TEICH PANTA Q' "OSA GHINA
PERIBLHMATA KAI LIQINA, KAI MURIA "E=TERA: PROBOLH$ DE
"ENEKA SUMPANTWN 'AUTWN 'EIRGASMENWN DIKAIOTAT' 'AN4 "OLON
PROSAGOREUOITO PROBLHMA, KAI POLLWI MALLON TECNH$ 'OIKODOMIKH$
'ERGON KAI "UFANTIKH$ TO PLEISTON NOMIZOIT' 'AN4
'ORQOTERON 'H= POLITIKH$.
NESW ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
<P 288C>
XE ^ PEMPTON DE-'A*R' 'AN4 'EQELOIMEN TO PERI= TON KOSMON
KAI GRAFIKHN QEINAI0 KAI "OSA TAUTHI PROSCRWMENA KAI MOUSIKHI
MIMHMATA TELEITAI0, PRO$ TA$ "HDONA$ MONON "HMWN 'APEIRGASMENA,
DIKAIW$ D' 'AN4 'ONOMATI PERILHFQENTA "ENI:
NESW ^ POI=WI:
XE ^ PAIGNION POU TI LEGETAI.
NESW ^ TI= MHN:
XE ^ TOUTO TOINUN TOUTOI$ "EN 'ONOMA "APASI PREYEI2 PROSAGOREUQEN;
'OU-GAR SPOUDH$ 'OUDEN 'AUTWN CARIN, 'ALLA= PAIDIA$
"ENEKA PANTA DRATAI0.
<P 288D>
NESW ^ KAI TOUTO SCEDON TI MANQANW0.
XE ^ TO DE PASIN TOUTOI$ SWMATA PARECON, 'EX "WN KAI
'EN "OI$ DHMIOURGOUSIN0 "OPOSAI TWN TECNWN NU*N 'EIRHNTAI,
PANTODAPON 'EIDO$ POLLWN "ETERWN TECNWN 'EKGONON 'ON, 'A*R'
'OUC "EKTON QHSOMEN:
NESW ^ TO POI*ON DH LEGEI$:
XE ^ CRUSON TE-KAI 'ARGURON KAI PANQ' "OPOSA METALLEUETAI
KAI "OSA DRUOTOMIKH KAI KOURA SUMPASA TEMNOUSA
PARECEI0 TEKTONIKHI KAI PLEKTIKHI; KAI 'ETI FLOISTIKH FUTWN
<P 288E>
TE-KAI 'EMYUCWN DERMATA SWMATWN PERIAIROUSA SKUTOTOMIKH,
KAI "OSAI PERI= TA TOIAUTA 'EISIN TECNAI, KAI FELLWN KAI BUBLWN
KAI DESMWN 'ERGASTIKAI PARESCON DHMIOURGEIN SUNQETA 'EK MH
SUNTIQEMENWN 'EIDH GENWN. "EN DE 'AUTO PROSAGOREUOMEN PAN
TO PRWTOGENE$ 'ANQRWPOI$ KTHMA KAI 'ASUNQETON KAI BASILIKH$
'EPISTHMH$ 'OUDAMW$ 'ERGON 'ON.
NESW ^ KALW$.
XE ^ THN DH TH$ TROFH$ KTHSIN, KAI "OSA 'EI$ TO SWMA
SUGKATAMEIGNUMENA "EAUTWN MERESI MERH SWMATO$ 'EI$ TO


<P 289A>
QERAPEUSAI0 TINA DUNAMIN 'EILHCE0, LEKTEON "EBDOMON 'ONOMASANTA$
'AUTO SUMPAN "HMWN 'EINAI TROFON, 'EI MH TI KALLION
'ECOMEN 'ALLO QESQAI; GEWRGIKHI DE-KAI QHREUTIKHI KAI GUMNASTIKHI
KAI 'IATRIKHI KAI MAGEIRIKHI PAN "UPOTIQENTE$ 'ORQOTERON
'APODWSOMEN 'H= THI POLITIKHI.
NESW ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
XE ^ SCEDON TOINUN "OSA 'ECETAI KTHSEW$, PLHN TWN
"HMERWN ZWIWN, 'EN TOUTOI$ "EPTA 'OIMAI GENESIN 'EIRHSQAI.
SKOPEI5 DE; 'H*N GAR DIKAIOTATA MEN 'AN4 TEQEN KAT' 'ARCA$ TO
<P 289B>
PRWTOGENE$ 'EIDO$, META DE TOUTO 'ORGANON, 'AGGEION, 'OCHMA,
PROBLHMA, PAIGNION, QREMMA. "A7 PARALEIPOMEN DE, 'EI
TI MH MEGA LELHQEN0, 'EI$ TI TOUTWN DUNATON "ARMOTTEIN,
"OION "H TOU* NOMISMATO$ 'IDEA KAI SFRAGIDWN KAI PANTO$
CARAKTHRO$. GENO$ TE-GAR 'EN "AUTOI$ TAUTA 'OUDEN 'ECEI0
MEGA SUNNOMON, 'ALLA= TA MEN 'EI$ KOSMON, TA DE 'EI$ 'ORGANA
BIA\ MEN, "OMW$ DE PANTW$ "ELKOMENA SUMFWNHSEI2.
TA DE PERI= ZWIWN KTHSIN TWN "HMERWN, PLHN DOULWN, "H
<P 289C>
PROTERON 'AGELAIOTROFIKH DIAMERISQEISA PANT' 'EILHFUIA
'ANAFANEITAI.
NESW ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ TO DE-DH DOULWN KAI PANTWN "UPHRETWN LOIPON, 'EN
"OI$ POU-KAI MANTEUOMAI TOU$ PERI= 'AUTO TO PLEGMA 'AMFISBHTOUNTA$
TW*I BASILEI KATAFANEI$ GENHSESQAI, KAQAPER TOI$
"UFANTAI$ TO=TE TOU$ PERI= TO NHQEIN TE-KAI XAINEIN KAI "OSA
'A=LLA 'EIPOMEN. "OI DE 'ALLOI PANTE$, "W$ SUNAITIOI LECQENTE$,
"AMA TOI$ 'ERGOI$ TOI$ NUNDH "RHQEISIN 'ANHLWNTAI KAI 'APECWRISQHSAN
<P 289D>
'APO BASILIKH$ TE-KAI POLITIKH$ PRAXEW$.
NESW ^ 'EOIKASI GOUN.
XE ^ 'IQI DH SKEYWMEQA TOU$ LOIPOU$ PROSELQONTE$
'EGGUQEN, "INA 'AUTOU$ 'EIDWMEN BEBAIOTERON.
NESW ^ 'OUKOU*N CRH.
XE ^ TOU$ MEN-DH MEGISTOU$ "UPHRETA$, "W$ 'ENQENDE 'IDEIN,
'TOUNANTION 'ECONTA$ "EURISKOMEN "OI$ "UPWPTEUSAMEN 'EPITHDEUMA
KAI PAQO$.
NESW ^ TI=NA$:
XE ^ TOU$ 'WNHTOU$ TE-KAI TW*I TROPWI TOUTWI KTHTOU$; "OU$
<P 289E>
'ANAMFISBHTHTW$ DOULOU$ 'ECOMEN 'EIPEIN: "HKISTA BASILIKH$
METAPOIOUMENOU$ TECNH$.
NESW ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
XE ^ TI= DE: TWN 'ELEUQERWN "OSOI TOI$ NUNDH "RHQEISIN 'EI$
"UPHRETIKHN "EKONTE$ "AUTOU$ TATTOUSI0, TA TE GEWRGIA$ KAI TA
TWN 'ALLWN TECNWN 'ERGA DIAKOMIZONTE$ 'EP' 'ALLHLOU$ KAI
'ANISOUNTE$, "OI MEN KAT' 'AGORA$, "OI DE POLIN 'EK POLEW$
'ALLATTONTE$ KATA QALATTAN KAI PEZHI, NOMISMA TE PRO$ TA
'A=LLA KAI 'AUTO PRO$ "AUTO DIAMEIBONTE$, "OU$ 'ARGURAMOIBOU$ TE-KAI


<P 290A>
'EMPOROU$ KAI NAUKLHROU$ KAI KAPHLOU$ 'EPWNOMAKAMEN,
MWN TH$ POLITIKH$ 'AMFISBHTHSOUSI2 TI:
NESW ^ TAC' 'AN4 'ISW$ TH$ GE TWN 'EMPOREUTIKWN.
XE ^ 'ALL'-'OU-MHN "OU$ GE "ORWMEN0 MISQWTOU$ KAI QHTA$
PASIN "ETOIMOTATA "UPHRETOUNTA$, MH POTE BASILIKH$ METAPOIOUMENOU$
"EURWMEN.
NESW ^ PW*$ GAR:
XE ^ TI= DE-'A=RA TOU$ TA TOIADE DIAKONOUNTA$ "HMIN "EKASTOTE:
NESW ^ TA POI*A 'EIPE$ KAI TI=NA$:
<P 290B>
XE ^ "WN TO KHRUKIKON 'EQNO$, "OSOI TE PERI= GRAMMATA
SOFOI GIGNONTAI POLLAKI$ "UPHRETHSANTE$, KAI POLL' 'ATTA
"E=TERA PERI= TA$ 'ARCA$ DIAPONEISQAI TINE$ "ETEROI PANDEINOI,
TI= TOUTOU$ 'AU LEXOMEN:
NESW ^ "OPER 'EIPE$ NU*N, "UPHRETA$, 'ALL' 'OUK 'AUTOU$ 'EN
TAI$ POLESIN 'ARCONTA$.
XE ^ 'ALLA=-'OU-MHN 'OIMAI GE 'ENUPNION 'IDWN 'EIPON TAUTHI
PHI FANHSESQAI TOU$ DIAFERONTW$ 'AMFISBHTOUNTA$ TH$ POLITIKH$.
KAITOI SFO=DRA GE 'ATOPON 'AN4 'EINAI DOXEIE TO ZHTEIN
<P 290C>
TOUTOU$ 'EN "UPHRETIKHI MOIRA\ TINI.
NESW ^ KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ 'ETI DH PROSMEIXWMEN 'EGGUTERON 'EPI TOU$ MHPW
BEBASANISMENOU$. 'EISI DE "OI TE PERI= MANTIKHN 'ECONTE$
TINO$ 'EPISTHMH$ DIAKONOU MORION; "ERMHNEUTAI GAR-POU
NOMIZONTAI PARA QEWN 'ANQRWPOI$.
NESW ^ NAI.
XE ^ KAI-MHN-KAI TO TWN "IEREWN 'AU GENO$, "W$ TO NOMIMON
FHSI, PARA MEN "HMWN DWREA$ QEOI$ DIA= QUSIWN 'EPISTHMON
<P 290D>
'ESTI KATA NOUN 'EKEINOI$ DWREISQAI, PARA DE 'EKEINWN "HMIN 'EUCAI$
KTHSIN 'AGAQWN 'AITHSASQAI; TAUTA DE DIAKONOU TECNH$
'ESTI POU MORIA 'AMFO=TERA.
NESW ^ FAINETAI GOUN.
XE ^ 'HDH TOINUN MOI DOKOUMEN "OION GE TINO$ 'ICNOU$ 'EF'
"O= POREUOMEQA PROSAPTESQAI. TO GAR-DH TWN "IEREWN SCHMA
KAI TO TWN MANTEWN 'EU MALA FRONHMATO$ PLHROUTAI KAI
DOXAN SEMNHN LAMBANEI0 DIA= TO MEGEQO$ TWN 'EGCEIRHMATWN,
"WSTE PERI= MEN 'AIGUPTON 'OUD' 'EXESTI BASILEA CWRI$ "IERATIKH$
<P 290E>
'ARCEIN, 'ALL' 'EA=N 'A=RA-KAI TUCHI6 PROTERON 'EX 'ALLOU GENOU$
BIASAMENO$, "USTERON 'ANAGKAION 'EI$ TOUTO 'EISTELEISQAI0 'AUTON
TO GENO$; 'ETI DE-KAI TWN "ELLHNWN POLLACOU TAI$ MEGISTAI$
'ARCAI$ TA MEGISTA TW*N PERI= TA TOIAUTA QUMATA "EUROI TI$
'AN4 PROSTATTOMENA QUEIN. KAI-DH-KAI PAR' "UMIN 'OUC "HKISTA
DHLON "O= LEGW0; TW*I GAR LACONTI BASILEI FASIN0 THIDE TA
SEMNOTATA KAI MALISTA PA=TRIA TWN 'ARCAIWN QUSIWN
'APODEDOSQAI.
NESW ^ KAI PANU GE.


<P 291A>
XE ^ TOUTOU$ TE-TOINUN TOU$ KLHRWTOU$ BASILEA$ "AMA
KAI "IEREA$, KAI "UPHRETA$ 'AUTWN KAI TINA "ETERON PAMPOLUN
'OCLON SKEPTEON, "O$4 'ARTI KATADHLO$ NU*N "HMIN GEGONEN0
'APOCWRISQENTWN5 TWN 'EMPROSQEN.
NESW ^ TI=NA$ D' 'AUTOU$ KAI LEGEI$:
XE ^ KAI MALA TINA$ 'ATOPOU$.
NESW ^ TI= DH:
XE ^ PAMFULON TI GENO$ 'AUTWN, "W$ GE 'ARTI SKOPOUMENWI
FAINETAI. POLLOI MEN-GAR LEOUSI TWN 'ANDRWN 'EIXASI KAI KENTAUROI$
<P 291B>
KAI TOIOUTOISIN "ETEROI$, PAMPOLLOI DE SATUROI$ KAI
TOI$ 'ASQENESI KAI POLUTROPOI$ QHRIOI$; TACU DE METALLATTOUSI0
TA$ TE 'IDEA$ KAI THN DUNAMIN 'EI$ 'ALLHLOU$. KAI-MENTOI
MOI NU*N, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ARTI DOKW0 KATANENOHKENAI TOU$ 'ANDRA$.
NESW ^ LEGOI$ 'AN4; 'EOIKA$ GAR 'ATOPON TI KAQORAN.
XE ^ NAI; TO GAR 'ATOPON 'EX 'AGNOIA$ PASI SUMBAINEI0.
KAI-GAR-DH-KAI NU*N 'AUTO$ TOUT' 'EPAQON; 'EXAIFNH$ 'HMFEGNOHSA
<P 291C>
KATIDWN TON PERI= TA TWN POLEWN PRAGMATA CORON.
NESW ^ POI*ON:
XE ^ TON PANTWN TWN SOFISTWN MEGISTON GOHTA KAI
TAUTH$ TH$ TECNH$ 'EMPEIROTATON; "ON 'APO TWN 'ONTW$ 'ONTWN0
POLITIKWN KAI BASILIKWN KAIPER PAGCALEPON 'ONTA 'AFAIREIN
'AFAIRETEON, 'EI MELLOMEN 'IDEIN 'ENARGW$ TO ZHTOUMENON.
NESW ^ 'ALLA=-MHN TOUTO GE 'OUK 'ANETEON.
XE ^ 'OU=KOUN-DH KATA GE THN 'EMHN. KAI MOI FRAZE TODE.
NESW ^ TO POI*ON:
<P 291D>
XE ^ 'A*R' 'OU MONARCIA TWN POLITIKWN "HMIN 'ARCWN 'ESTI MIA:
NESW ^ NAI.
XE ^ KAI META MONARCIAN 'EIPOI TI$ 'AN4 'OIMAI THN "UPO TWN
'OLIGWN DUNASTEIAN.
NESW ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
XE ^ TRITON DE SCHMA POLITEIA$ 'OUC "H TOU* PLHQOU$ 'ARCH,
DHMOKRATIA 'TOUNOMA KLHQEISA:
NESW ^ KAI PANU GE.
XE ^ TREI$ D' 'OUSAI MWN 'OU PENTE TROPON TINA GIGNONTAI,
DU' 'EX "EAUTWN 'A=LLA PRO$ "AUTAI$ 'ONOMATA TIKTOUSAI:
NESW ^ POI*A DH:
<P 291E>
XE ^ PRO$ TO BIAION POU-KAI "EKOUSION 'APOSKOPOUNTE$
NU*N KAI PENIAN KAI PLOUTON KAI NOMON KAI 'ANOMIAN 'EN 'AUTAI$
GIGNOMENA DIPLHN "EKATERAN TOIN DUOIN DIAIROUNTE$ MONARCIAN
MEN PROSAGOREUOUSIN0 "W$ DUO PARECOMENHN 'EIDH DUOIN 'ONOMASI,
TURANNIDI, TO DE BASILIKHI.
NESW _ TI= MHN:
XE ^ THN DE "UP' 'OLIGWN GE "EKASTOTE KRATHQEISAN POLIN
'ARISTOKRATIA\ KAI 'OLIGARCIA\.
NESW ^ KAI PANU GE.
XE ^ DHMOKRATIA$ GE-MHN, 'EANT'-'OUN BIAIW$ 'EANTE "EKOUSIW$


<P 292A>
TWN TA$ 'OUSIA$ 'ECONTWN0 TO PLHQO$ 'ARCHI5, KAI-'EANTE TOU$
NOMOU$ 'AKRIBW$ FULATTON 'EANTE MH, PANTW$ 'TOUNOMA 'OUDEI$
'AUTH$ 'EIWQE0 METALLATTEIN.
NESW ^ 'ALHQH.
XE ^ TI= 'OUN: 'OIOMEQA TINA TOUTWN TWN POLITEIWN 'ORQHN
'EINAI TOUTOI$ TOI$ "OROI$ "ORISQEISAN, "ENI KAI 'OLIGOI$ KAI
POLLOI$, KAI PLOUTWI KAI PENIA\, KAI TW*I BIAIWI KAI "EKOUSIWI, KAI
META GRAMMATWN KAI 'ANEU NOMWN SUMBAINOUSAN GIGNESQAI:
NESW ^ TI= GAR-DH-KAI KWLUEI0:
<P 292B>
XE ^ SKOPEI5 DH SAFESTERON THIDE "EPOMENO$.
NESW ^ PH*I:
XE ^ TW*I "RHQENTI KATA PRWTA$ POTERON 'EMMENOUMEN2 'H=
DIAFWNHSOMEN:
NESW ^ TW*I DH POI=WI LEGEI$:
XE ^ THN BASILIKHN 'ARCHN TWN 'EPISTHMWN 'EINAI TINA
'EFAMEN, 'OIMAI.
NESW ^ NAI.
XE ^ KAI TOUTWN GE 'OUC "APASWN, 'ALLA= KRITIKHN DHPOU
TINA KAI 'EPISTATIKHN 'EK TWN 'ALLWN PROEILOMEQA.
NESW ^ NAI.
XE ^ 'KAK TH$ 'EPISTATIKH$ THN MEN 'EP' 'AYUCOI$ 'ERGOI$,
<P 292C>
THN D' 'EPI ZWIOI$; KAI KATA TOUTON DH TON TROPON MERIZONTE$
DEUR' 'AEI PROELHLUQAMEN, 'EPISTHMH$ 'OUK 'EPILANQANOMENOI, TO
D' "HTI$ 'OUC "IKANW$ PW DUNAMENOI DIAKRIBWSASQAI.
NESW ^ LEGEI$ 'ORQW$.
XE ^ TOUT' 'AUTO TOINUN-'A*R' 'ENNOOUMEN, "OTI4 TON "ORON
'OUK 'OLIGOU$ 'OUDE POLLOU$, 'OUDE TO "EKOUSION 'OUDE TO
'AKOUSION, 'OUDE PENIAN 'OUDE PLOUTON GIGNESQAI PERI= 'AUTWN
CREWN, 'ALLA= TINA 'EPISTHMHN, 'EIPER 'AKOLOUQHSOMEN TOI$
PROSQEN:
<P 292D>
NESW ^ 'ALLA=-MHN TOUTO GE 'ADUNATON MH POIEIN.
XE ^ 'EX 'ANAGKH$ DH NU*N TOUTO "OUTW SKEPTEON, 'EN TI=NI
POTE TOUTWN 'EPISTHMH SUMBAINEI0 GIGNESQAI PERI= 'ANQRWPWN
'ARCH$, SCEDON TH$ CALEPWTATH$ KAI MEGISTH$ KTHSASQAI.
DEI GAR 'IDEIN 'AUTHN, "INA QEASWMEQA TI=NA$ 'AFAIRETEON 'APO
TOU* FRONIMOU BASILEW$, "OI=4 PROSPOIOUNTAI MEN 'EINAI POLITIKOI
KAI PEIQOUSI0 POLLOU$, 'EISI DE 'OUDAMW$.
NESW ^ DEI GAR-DH POIEIN TOUTO, "W$ "O LOGO$ "HMIN
PROEIRHKEN0.
<P 292E>
XE ^ MWN-'OUN DOKEI0 PLHQO$ GE 'EN POLEI TAUTHN THN
'EPISTHMHN DUNATON 'EINAI KTHSASQAI:
NESW ^ KAI PW*$:
XE ^ 'ALL'-'A*RA 'EN CILIANDRWI POLEI DUNATON "EKATON TINA$
'H=-KAI PENTHKONTA 'AUTHN "IKANW$ KTHSASQAI:
NESW ^ "RA\STH 'MENTAN4 "OUTW G' 'EIH PASWN TWN TECNWN;
'ISMEN GAR "OTI4 CILIWN 'ANDRWN 'AKROI PETTEUTAI TOSOUTOI
PRO$ TOU$ 'EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$ "ELLHSIN 'OUK 'AN4 GENOINTO POTE,
MH TI DH BASILH$ GE. DEI GAR-DH TON GE THN BASILIKHN
'ECONTA 'EPISTHMHN, 'AN2 T' 'ARCHI5 KAI 'EA=N MH, KATA TON 'EMPROSQE


<P 293A>
LOGON "OMW$ BASILIKON PROSAGOREUESQAI.
XE ^ KALW$ 'APEMNHMONEUSA$. "EPOMENON DE 'OIMAI TOUTWI
THN MEN 'ORQHN 'ARCHN PERI= "ENA TINA KAI DUO KAI PANTAPASIN
'OLIGOU$ DEI ZHTEIN, "OTAN 'ORQH GIGNHTAI.
NESW ^ TI= MHN:
XE ^ TOUTOU$ DE-GE, 'EANTE "EKONTWN 'A=NT' 'AKONTWN 'ARCWSIN,
'EANTE KATA GRAMMATA 'EANTE 'ANEU GRAMMATWN, KAI
'EA=N PLOUTOUNTE$ 'H= PENOMENOI, NOMISTEON, "WSPER NU*N "HGOUMEQA,
KATA TECNHN "HNTINOUN 'ARCHN 'ARCONTA$. TOU$ 'IATROU$
<P 293B>
DE 'OUC "HKISTA NENOMIKAMEN, 'EANTE "EKONTA$ 'EANTE 'AKONTA$
"HMA$ 'IWNTAI2, TEMNONTE$ 'H= KAONTE$ 'H= TINA 'ALLHN 'ALGHDONA
PROSAPTONTE$, KAI 'EA=N KATA GRAMMATA 'H= CWRI$ GRAMMATWN,
KAI 'EA=N PENHTE$ 'ONTE$ 'H= PLOUSIOI, PANTW$ 'OUDEN "HTTON
'IATROU$ FAMEN, "EWSPER 'AN4 'EPISTATOUNTE$ TECNHI, KAQAIRONTE$
'EI=TE 'ALLW$ 'ISCNAINONTE$ 'EI=TE-KAI 'AUXANONTE$, 'AN2 MONON 'EP'
'AGAQWI TW*I TWN SWMATWN, BELTIW POIOUNTE$ 'EK CEIRONWN,
<P 293C>
SWIZWSIN "OI QERAPEUONTE$ "EKASTOI TA QERAPEUOMENA; TAUTHI
QHSOMEN, "W$ 'OIMAI, KAI 'OUK 'ALLHI, TOUTON "ORON 'ORQON 'EINAI
MONON 'IATRIKH$ KAI 'ALLH$ "HSTINOSOUN 'ARCH$.
NESW ^ KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ 'ANAGKAION DH-KAI POLITEIWN, "W$ 'EOIKE0, TAUTHN 'ORQHN
DIAFERONTW$ 'EINAI KAI MONHN POLITEIAN, 'EN "HI TI$ 'AN4 "EURISKOI
TOU$ 'ARCONTA$ 'ALHQW$ 'EPISTHMONA$ KAI 'OU DOKOUNTA$ MONON,
'EANTE KATA NOMOU$ 'EANTE 'ANEU NOMWN 'ARCWSI, KAI "EKONTWN 'H=
<P 293D>
'AKONTWN, KAI PENOMENOI 'H= PLOUTOUNTE$, TOUTWN "UPOLOGISTEON
'OUDEN 'OUDAMW$ 'EINAI KAT' 'OUDEMIAN 'ORQOTHTA.
NESW ^ KALW$.
XE ^ KAI-'EANTE-GE 'APOKTEINUNTE$ TINA$ 'H=-KAI 'EKBALLONTE$
KAQAIRWSIN 'EP' 'AGAQWI THN POLIN, 'EI=TE-KAI 'APOIKIA$ "OION
SMHNH MELITTWN 'EKPEMPONTE$ POI SMIKROTERAN POIWSIN, 'H=
TINA$ 'EPEISAGOMENOI POQEN 'ALLOU$ 'EXWQEN POLITA$ POIOUNTE$
'AUTHN 'AUXWSIN, "EWSPER 'AN4 'EPISTHMHI KAI TW*I DIKAIWI PROSCRWMENOI
SWIZONTE$ 'EK CEIRONO$ BELTIW POIWSI KATA DUNAMIN,
<P 293E>
TAUTHN TO=TE KAI KATA TOU$ TOIOUTOU$ "OROU$ "HMIN MONHN 'ORQHN
POLITEIAN 'EINAI "RHTEON; "OSA$ D' 'ALLA$ LEGOMEN, 'OU GNHSIA$
'OUD' 'ONTW$ 'OUSA$ LEKTEON, 'ALLA= MEMIMHMENA$ TAUTHN, "A$ MEN
"W$ 'EUNOMOU$ LEGOMEN, 'EPI TA KALLIW, TA$ DE 'ALLA$ 'EPI TA
'AISCIONA MEMIMHSQAI8.
NESW ^ TA MEN 'A=LLA, 'W* XENE, METRIW$ 'EOIKEN0 'EIRHSQAI;
TO DE-KAI 'ANEU NOMWN DEIN 'ARCEIN CALEPWTERON 'AKOUEIN 'ERRHQH.
XE ^ MIKRON GE 'EFQH$ ME 'EROMENO$, 'W* SWKRATE$. 'EMELLON


<P 294A>
GAR SE DIERWTHSEIN TAUTA POTERON 'APODECHI0 PANTA, 'H= TI
KAI DUSCERAINEI$ TWN LECQENTWN5; NU*N D' 'HDH FANERON "OTI4
TOUTO BOULHSOMEQA TO PERI= TH$ TWN 'ANEU NOMWN 'ARCONTWN0
'ORQOTHTO$ DIELQEIN "HMA$.
NESW ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
XE ^ TROPON TINA MENTOI DHLON "OTI4 TH$ BASILIKH$ 'ESTIN
"H NOMOQETIKH; TO D' 'ARISTON 'OU TOU$ NOMOU$ 'ESTIN 'ISCUEIN
'ALL' 'ANDRA TON META FRONHSEW$ BASILIKON. 'OISQ' "OPHI:
NESW ^ PH*I DH LEGEI$:
XE ^ "OTI4 NOMO$ 'OUK 'AN4 POTE DUNAITO TO TE 'ARISTON KAI
<P 294B>
TO DIKAIOTATON 'AKRIBW$ PASIN "AMA PERILABWN TO BELTISTON
'EPITATTEIN; "AI GAR 'ANOMOIOTHTE$ TWN TE 'ANQRWPWN KAI TWN
PRAXEWN KAI TO MHDEPOTE MHDEN "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN "HSUCIAN
'AGEIN TWN 'ANQRWPINWN 'OUDEN 'EWSIN0 "APLOUN 'EN 'OUDENI PERI=
"APANTWN KAI 'EPI PANTA TON CRONON 'APOFAINESQAI TECNHN
'OUD' "HNTINOUN. TAUTA DH SUGCWROUMEN POU:
NESW ^ TI= MHN:
XE ^ TON DE-GE NOMON "ORWMEN0 SCEDON 'EP' 'AUTO TOUTO
<P 294C>
SUNTEINONTA, "WSPER TINA 'ANQRWPON 'AUQADH KAI 'AMAQH KAI
MHDENA MHDEN 'EWNTA POIEIN PARA THN "EAUTOU TAXIN, MHD'
'EPERWTAN MHDENA, MHD' 'AN2 TI NEON 'A=RA TWI SUMBAINHI5 BELTION
PARA TON LOGON "ON 'AUTO$ 'EPETAXEN.
NESW ^ 'ALHQH; POIEI0 GAR 'ATECNW$ KAQAPER 'EIRHKA$
NU*N "O NOMO$ "HMIN "EKASTOI$.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N 'ADUNATON 'EU 'ECEIN PRO$ TA MHDEPOTE "APLA
TO DIA= PANTO$ GIGNOMENON "APLOUN:
NESW ^ KINDUNEUEI0.
XE ^ DIA= TI= DH POT' 'OUN 'ANAGKAION NOMOQETEIN, 'EPEIDHPER
<P 294D>
'OUK 'ORQOTATON "O NOMO$: 'ANEURETEON TOUTOU THN 'AITIAN.
NESW ^ TI= MHN:
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI PAR' "UMIN 'EISI TINE$ "OIAI KAI 'EN 'ALLAI$
POLESIN "AQROWN 'ANQRWPWN 'ASKHSEI$, 'EI=TE PRO$ DROMON 'EI=TE
PRO$ 'ALLO TI, FILONIKIA$ "ENEKA:
NESW ^ KAI PANU GE POLLAI.
XE ^ FERE NU*N 'ANALABWMEN PALIN MNHMHI TA$ TWN TECNHI
GUMNAZONTWN0 'EPITAXEI$ 'EN TAI$ TOIAUTAI$ 'ARCAI$.
NESW ^ TO POI*ON:
XE ^ "OTI4 LEPTOURGEIN 'OUK 'EGCWREIN "HGOUNTAI KAQ' "ENA
"EKASTON, TW*I SWMATI TO PROSHKON0 "EKASTWI PROSTATTONTE$,
<P 294E>
'ALLA= PACUTERON 'OIONTAI DEIN "W$ 'EPI TO POLU KAI 'EPI POLLOU$
THN TOU* LUSITELOUNTO$ TOI$ SWMASI POIEISQAI TAXIN.
NESW ^ KALW$.
XE ^ DIO DH-GE-KAI 'ISOU$ PONOU$ NU*N DIDONTE$ "AQROOI$
"AMA MEN 'EXORMWSIN0, "AMA DE-KAI KATAPAUOUSI0 DROMOU KAI
PALH$ KAI PANTWN TWN KATA TA SWMATA PONWN.
NESW ^ 'ESTI TAUTA.
XE ^ KAI TON NOMOQETHN TOINUN "HGWMEQA, TON TAISIN
'AGELAI$ 'EPISTATHSONTA TOU* DIKAIOU PE=RI KAI TWN PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$


<P 295A>
SUMBOLAIWN, MH POQ' "IKANON GENHSESQAI PASIN "AQROOI$
PROSTATTONTA 'AKRIBW$ "ENI "EKASTWI TO PROSHKON0 'APODIDONAI.
NESW ^ TO GOUN 'EIKO$.
XE ^ 'ALLA= TO TOI$ POLLOI$ GE 'OIMAI KAI "W$ 'EPI TO POLU
KAI PW$ "OUTWSI PACUTERW$ "EKASTOI$ TON NOMON QHSEI2, KAI 'EN
GRAMMASIN 'APODIDOU$ KAI 'EN 'AGRAMMATOI$, PATRIOI$ DE 'EQESI
NOMOQETWN.
NESW ^ 'ORQW$.
XE ^ 'ORQW$ MENTOI. PW*$ GAR 'AN4 TI$ "IKANO$ GENOIT' 'AN4
<P 295B>
POTE, 'W* SWKRATE$, "WSTE DIA= BIOU 'AEI PARAKAQHMENO$ "EKASTWI
DI' 'AKRIBEIA$ PROSTATTEIN TO PROSHKON0: 'EPEI TOUT' 'AN4 DUNATO$
'WN, "W$ 'OIMAI, TWN THN BASILIKHN "OSTISOUN 'ONTW$ 'EPISTHMHN
'EILHFOTWN SCOLHI POT' 'AN4 "EAUTWI QEIT' 'EMPODISMATA GRAFWN
TOU$ LECQENTA$ TOUTOU$ NOMOU$.
NESW ^ 'EK TWN NU*N GOUN, 'W* XENE, 'EIRHMENWN.
XE ^ MALLON DE-GE, 'W* BELTISTE, 'EK TWN MELLONTWN0
"RHQHSESQAI.
NESW ^ TI=NWN DH:
XE ^ TWN TOIWNDE. 'EIPWMEN GAR-DH PRO$ GE "HMA$-'AUTOU$
<P 295C>
'IATRON MELLONTA 'H=-KAI TINA GUMNASTIKON 'APODHMEIN KAI
'APESESQAI TWN QERAPEUOMENWN SUCNON, "W$ 'OIOITO, CRONON,
MH MNHMONEUSEIN 'OIHQENTA TA PROSTACQENTA TOU$ GUMNAZOMENOU$
'H= TOU$ KAMNONTA$, "UPOMNHMATA GRAFEIN 'AN4 'EQELEIN
'AUTOI$, 'H= PW*$:
NESW ^ "OUTW$.
XE ^ TI= D' 'EI PARA DOXAN 'ELATTW CRONON 'APODHMHSA$
'ELQOI PALIN: 'A*R' 'OUK 'AN4 PAR' 'EKEINA TA GRAMMATA TOLMHSEIEN
'A=LL' "UPOQESQAI, SUMBAINONTWN0 'ALLWN BELTIONWN TOI$ KAMNOUSI4
<P 295D>
DIA= PNEUMATA 'H= TI KAI 'ALLO PARA THN 'ELPIDA TWN 'EK
DIO$ "ETERW$ PW$ TWN 'EIWQOTWN GENOMENA, KARTERWN D' 'AN4
"HGOITO DEIN MH 'EKBAINEIN 'TARCAIA POTE NOMOQETHQENTA
MHTE 'AUTON PROSTATTONTA 'A=LLA MHTE TON KAMNONTA "E=TERA
TOLMWNTA PARA TA GRAFENTA DRAN, "W$ TAUTA 'ONTA 'IATRIKA
KAI "UGIEINA, TA DE "ETERW$ GIGNOMENA NOSWDH TE-KAI 'OUK
'ENTECNA; 'H= PAN TO TOIOUTON 'EN GE 'EPISTHMHI SUMBAINON KAI
<P 295E>
'ALHQEI TECNHI PERI= "APANTA PANTAPASI GELW$ 'AN4 "O MEGISTO$
GIGNOITO TWN TOIOUTWN NOMOQETHMATWN:
NESW ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ TW*I DE TA DI=KAIA DH-KAI 'ADIKA KAI KALA KAI 'AISCRA
KAI 'AGAQA KAI KAKA GRAYANTI KAI 'AGRAFA NOMOQETHSANTI
TAI$ TWN 'ANQRWPWN 'AGELAI$, "OPOSAI KATA POLIN 'EN "EKASTAI$
NOMEUONTAI KATA TOU$ TWN GRAYANTWN0 NOMOU$, 'AN2 "O META
TECNH$ GRAYA$ 'H= TI$ "ETERO$ "OMOIO$ 'AFIKHTAI, MH 'EXESTW DH


<P 296A>
PARA TAUTA "E=TERA PROSTATTEIN: 'H=-KAI TOUTO TO 'APORRHMA
'OUDEN "HTTON 'AN4 'EKEINOU THI 'ALHQEIA\ GELOION FAINOITO:
NESW ^ TI= MHN:
XE ^ 'OISQ' 'OUN 'EPI TW*I TOIOUTWI LOGON TON PARA TWN
POLLWN LEGOMENON:
NESW ^ 'OUK 'ENNOW0 NU*N G' "OUTW$.
XE ^ KAI-MHN 'EUPREPH$. FASI0 GAR-DH DEIN, 'EI TI$
GIGNWSKEI0 PARA TOU$ TWN 'EMPROSQEN BELTIOU$ NOMOU$, NOMOQETEIN
THN "EAUTOU POLIN "EKASTON PEISANTA, 'ALLW$ DE MH.
NESW ^ TI= 'OUN: 'OUK 'ORQW$:
<P 296B>
XE ^ 'ISW$. 'AN2 D'-'OUN MH PEIQWN TI$ BIAZHTAI TO BELTION,
'APOKRINAI2, TI= 'TOUNOMA TH$ BIA$ 'ESTAI: MH-MENTOI PW,
PERI= DE TWN 'EMPROSQEN PROTERON.
NESW ^ POI*ON DH LEGEI$:
XE ^ 'AN2 TI$ 'A=RA MH PEIQWN TON 'IATREUOMENON, 'ECWN DE
'ORQW$ THN TECNHN, PARA TA GEGRAMMENA TO BELTION 'ANAGKAZHI5
DRAN PAIDA 'H= TINA 'ANDRA 'H=-KAI GUNAIKA, TI= 'TOUNOMA TH$
BIA$ 'ESTAI TAUTH$: 'A*R' 'OU PAN MALLON 'H= TO PARA THN TECNHN
LEGOMENON "AMARTHMA TO NOSWDE$: KAI PANTA 'ORQW$
<P 296C>
'EIPEIN 'ESTI2 PROTERON TW*I BIASQENTI PERI= TO TOIOUTON PLHN
"OTI4 NOSWDH KAI 'ATECNA PEPONQEN0 "UPO TWN BIASAMENWN 'IATRWN:
NESW ^ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
XE ^ TI= DE "HMIN DH TO PARA THN POLITIKHN TECNHN "AMARTHMA
LEGOMENON 'ESTIN: 'A*R' 'OU TO 'AISCRON KAI TO8 KAKON
KAI 'ADIKON:
NESW ^ PANTAPASI GE.
XE ^ TWN DH BIASQENTWN5 PARA TA GEGRAMMENA KAI PA=TRIA
DRAN "E=TERA DIKAIO=TERA KAI 'AMEINW KAI KALLIW TWN 'EMPROSQEN,
<P 296D>
FERE, TON TWN TOIOUTWN 'AU YOGON PERI= TH$ TOIAUTH$ BIA$,
'A*R', 'EI MELLEI0 MH KATAGELASTOTATO$ 'EINAI PANTWN, PANT'
'AUTWI MALLON LEKTEON "EKASTOTE PLHN "W$ 'AISCRA KAI 'ADIKA
KAI KAKA PEPONQASIN "OI BIASQENTE$ "UPO TWN BIASAMENWN:
NESW ^ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
XE ^ 'ALL'-'A*RA 'EA=N MEN PLOUSIO$ "O BIASAMENO$ 'HI, DI=KAIA,
'AN2 D'-'A=RA PENH$, 'ADIKA TA BIASQENTA 'ESTIN: 'H= 'KAN2 PEISA$
'KAN2 MH PEISA$ TI$, PLOUSIO$ 'H= PENH$, 'H= KATA GRAMMATA 'H=
<P 296E>
PARA GRAMMATA, DRA*I2 MH8 SUMFORA8 'H=8 SUMFORA, TOUTON DEI
KAI PERI= TAUTA TON "ORON 'EINAI TON GE 'ALHQINWTATON 'ORQH$
POLEW$ DIOIKHSEW$, "ON "O SOFO$ KAI 'AGAQO$ 'ANHR DIOIKHSEI2
TO TWN 'ARCOMENWN: "WSPER "O KUBERNHTH$ TO TH$ NEW$ KAI


<P 297A>
NAUTWN 'AEI SUMFERON PARAFULATTWN, 'OU GRAMMATA TIQEI=$
'ALLA= THN TECNHN NOMON PARECOMENO$, SWIZEI0 TOU$ SUNNAUTA$,
"OUTW KAI KATA TON 'AUTON TROPON TOUTON PARA TWN "OUTW$
'ARCEIN DUNAMENWN 'ORQH GIGNOIT' 'AN4 POLITEIA, THN TH$ TECNH$
"RWMHN TWN NOMWN PARECOMENWN KREITTW: KAI PANTA POIOUSI4
TOI$ 'EMFROSIN 'ARCOUSIN4 'OUK 'ESTIN "AMARTHMA, MECRIPER 'AN4
<P 297B>
"EN MEGA FULATTWSI, TO META NOU KAI TECNH$ DIKAIOTATON 'AEI
DIANEMONTE$ TOI$ 'EN THI POLEI SWIZEIN TE 'AUTOU$ "OIOI-TE-'WSIN
KAI 'AMEINOU$ 'EK CEIRONWN 'APOTELEIN0 KATA TO DUNATON:
NESW ^ 'OUK 'EST'2 'ANTEIPEIN PARA GE "A NU*N 'EIRHTAI.
XE ^ KAI-MHN PRO$ 'EKEINA 'OUDE 'ANTIRRHTEON.
NESW ^ TA POI*A 'EIPE$:
XE ^ "W$ 'OUK 'AN4 POTE PLHQO$ 'OUD' "WNTINWNOUN THN TOIAUTHN
LABON 'EPISTHMHN "OION-T' 'AN4 GENOITO META NOU DIOIKEIN
<P 297C>
POLIN, 'ALLA= PERI= SMIKRON TI KAI 'OLIGON KAI TO "EN 'ESTI ZHTHTEON
THN MIAN 'EKEINHN POLITEIAN THN 'ORQHN, TA$ D' 'ALLA$
MIMHMATA QETEON, "WSPER KAI 'OLIGON PROTERON 'ERRHQH, TA$ MEN
'EPI TA KALLIONA, TA$ D' 'EPI TA 'AISCIW MIMOUMENA$ TAUTHN.
NESW ^ PW*$ TI= TOUT' 'EIRHKA$: 'OUDE-GAR 'ARTI DHQEN
KATEMAQON TO PERI= TWN MIMHMATWN.
XE ^ KAI-MHN 'OU FAULON GE, 'AN2 KINHSA$ TI$ TOUTON TON
LOGON 'AUTOU42 KATABALHI6 KAI MH DIELQWN 'ENDEIXHTAI TO NU*N
<P 297D>
GIGNOMENON "AMARTHMA PERI= 'AUTO.
NESW ^ POI*ON DH:
XE ^ TOIONDE TI DEI GE ZHTEIN, 'OU PANU SUNHQE$ 'OUDE "RA\DION
'IDEIN; "OMW$ MHN PEIRWMEQA2 LABEIN 'AUTO. FERE GAR; 'ORQH$ "HMIN
MONH$ 'OUSH$ TAUTH$ TH$ POLITEIA$ "HN 'EIRHKAMEN, 'OISQ' "OTI4 TA$
'ALLA$ DEI TOI$ TAUTH$ SUGRAMMASI CRWMENA$ "OUTW SWIZESQAI,
DRWSA$ TO NU*N 'EPAINOUMENON, KAIPER 'OUK 'ORQOTATON 'ON:
NESW ^ TO POI*ON:
<P 297E>
XE ^ TO PARA TOU$ NOMOU$ MHDEN MHDENA TOLMAN POIEIN
TWN 'EN THI POLEI, TON TOLMWNTA DE QANATWI ZHMIOUSQAI KAI
PASI TOI$ 'ESCATOI$. KAI TOUT' 'ESTIN 'ORQOTATA KAI KALLIST'
'ECON "W$ DEUTERON, 'EPEIDAN TO PRWTON TI$ METAQHI6 TO NUNDH
"RHQEN; "WI DE TROPWI GEGONO$-'ESTI TOUTO "O= DH DEUTERON 'EFHSAMEN,
DIAPERANWMEQA. 'H*-GAR:
NESW ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ 'EI$ DH TA$ 'EIKONA$ 'EPANIWMEN PALIN, "AI$ 'ANAGKAION
'APEIKAZEIN 'AEI TOU$ BASILIKOU$ 'ARCONTA$.
NESW ^ POI=A$:
XE ^ TON GENNAION KUBERNHTHN KAI TON "ETERWN1 POLLWN9
'ANTAXION1 'IATRON1. KATIDWMEN GAR-DH TI SCHMA 'EN TOUTOI$
'AUTOI$ PLASAMENOI.
NESW ^ POI*ON TI:


<P 298A>
XE ^ TOIONDE; "OION 'EI PANTE$ PERI= 'AUTWN DIANOHQEIMEN
"OTI4 DEINOTATA "UP' 'AUTWN PASCOMEN. "ON MEN-GAR 'AN4 'EQELHSWSIN
"HMWN TOUTWN "EKATEROI SWIZEIN, "OMOIW$ DH SWIZOUSIN0, "ON
D' 'AN4 LWBASQAI BOULHQWSIN, LWBWNTAI0 TEMNONTE$ KAI KAONTE$
KAI PROSTATTONTE$ 'ANALWMATA FEREIN PAR' "EAUTOU$ "OION
FOROU$, "WN SMIKRA MEN 'EI$ TON KAMNONTA KAI 'OUDEN 'ANALISKOUSIN0,
TOI$ D' 'ALLOI$ 'AUTOI TE-KAI "OI 'OIKETAI CRWNTAI0; KAI-DH-KAI
<P 298B>
TELEUTWNTE$ 'H= PARA SUGGENWN 'H= PARA TINWN 'ECQRWN
TOU* KAMNONTO$ CRHMATA MISQON LAMBANONTE$ 'APOKTEINUASIN.
"OI T' 'AU KUBERNHTAI MURIA "E=TERA TOIAUTA 'ERGAZONTAI, KATALEIPONTE$
TE 'EK TINO$ 'EPIBOULH$ 'EN TAI$ 'ANAGWGAI$ 'ERHMOU$,
KAI SFALMATA POIOUNTE$ 'EN TOI$ PELAGESIN 'EKBALLOUSIN0 'EI$
THN QALATTAN, KAI "E=TERA KAKOURGOUSIN0. 'EI DH TAUTA DIANOHQENTE$
BOULEUSAIMEQA PERI= 'AUTWN BOULHN TINA, TOUTWN
<P 298C>
TWN TECNWN MHKETI 'EPITREPEIN 'ARCEIN 'AUTOKRATORI MHDETERA\
MHT'-'OUN DOULWN MHT' 'ELEUQERWN, SULLEXAI0 D' 'EKKLHSIAN
"HMWN-'AUTWN, 'H= SUMPANTA TON DHMON 'H= TOU$ PLOUSIOU$ MONON,
'EXEINAI DE-KAI 'IDIWTWN KAI TWN 'ALLWN DHMIOURGWN PERI= TE
PLOU KAI PERI= NOSWN GNWMHN XUMBALESQAI KAQ' "OTI2 CRH
TOI$ FARMAKOI$ "HMA$ KAI TOI$ 'IATRIKOI$ 'ORGANOI$ PRO$ TOU$
KAMNONTA$ CRHSQAI, KAI-DH-KAI TOI$ PLOIOI$ TE 'AUTOI$ KAI
<P 298D>
TOI$ NAUTIKOI$ 'ORGANOI$ 'EI$ THN TWN PLOIWN CREIAN KAI PERI=
TOU$ KINDUNOU$ TOU$ TE PRO$ 'AUTON TON PLOUN 'ANEMWN KAI
QALATTH$ PE=RI KAI PRO$ TA$ TOI$ LHISTAI$ 'ENTEUXEI$, KAI 'EA=N
NAUMACEIN 'A=RA DEHI5 POU MAKROI$ PLOIOI$ PRO$ "E=TERA TOIAUTA;
TA DE TW*I PLHQEI DOXANTA PERI= TOUTWN, 'EI=TE TINWN 'IATRWN KAI
KUBERNHTWN 'EI=T' 'ALLWN 'IDIWTWN SUMBOULEUONTWN0, GRAYANTA$
<P 298E>
'EN KURBESI TISI KAI STHLAI$, TA DE-KAI 'AGRAFA PA=TRIA QEMENOU$
'EQH, KATA TAUTA 'HDH PANTA TON 'EPEITA CRONON NAUTILLESQAI
KAI TA$ TWN KAMNONTWN0 QERAPEIA$ POIEISQAI.
NESW ^ KOMIDHI GE 'EIRHKA$ 'ATOPA.
XE ^ KAT' 'ENIAUTON DE-GE 'ARCONTA$ KAQISTASQAI TOU*
PLHQOU$, 'EI=TE 'EK TWN PLOUSIWN 'EI=TE 'EK TOU* DHMOU PANTO$,
"O$4 'AN4 KLHROUMENO$ LAGCANHI5; TOU$ DE KATASTANTA$ 'ARCONTA$
'ARCEIN KATA TA GRAMMATA KUBERNWNTA$ TA$ NAU$ KAI TOU$
KAMNONTA$ 'IWMENOU$.
NESW ^ TAUT' 'ETI CALEPW=TERA.
XE ^ QEW5 DH-KAI TO META TAUTA "EPOMENON. 'EPEIDAN GAR-DH
TWN 'ARCONTWN0 "EKASTOI$ "O 'ENIAUTO$ 'EXELQHI6, DEHSEI2 DIKASTHRIA
KAQISANTA$ 'ANDRWN, 'H= TWN PLOUSIWN 'EK PROKRISEW$ 'H=


<P 299A>
SUMPANTO$ 'AU TOU* DHMOU TOU$ LACONTA$, 'EI$ TOUTOU$ 'EISAGEIN
TOU$ 'ARXANTA$ KAI 'EUQUNEIN, KATHGOREIN DE TON BOULOMENON
"W$ 'OU KATA TA GRAMMATA TON 'ENIAUTON 'EKUBERNHSE TA$ NAU$
'OUDE KATA TA PALAIA TWN PROGONWN 'EQH; 'TAUTA DE TAUTA
KAI PERI= TWN TOU$ KAMNONTA$ 'IWMENWN; "WN D' 'AN4 KATAYHFISQHI
TIMAN "OTI2 CRH PAQEIN 'AUTWN TINA$ 'H= 'APOTINEIN.
NESW ^ 'OUKOU*N "O G' 'EQELWN KAI "EKWN 'EN TOI$ TOIOUTOI$
<P 299B>
'ARCEIN DIKAIOTAT' 'AN4 "OTIOUN PASCOI KAI 'APOTINOI.
XE ^ KAI-TOINUN 'ETI DEHSEI2 QESQAI NOMON 'EPI PASI TOUTOI$,
'AN2 TI$ KUBERNHTIKHN KAI TO NAUTIKON 'H= TO "UGIEINON KAI
'IATRIKH$ 'ALHQEIAN PERI= PNEUMATA TE-KAI QERMA KAI YUCRA
ZHTWN FAINHTAI PARA TA GRAMMATA KAI SOFIZOMENO$ "OTIOUN
PERI= TA TOIAUTA, PRWTON MEN-MHTE 'IATRIKON 'AUTON MHTE
KUBERNHTIKON 'ONOMAZEIN 'ALLA= METEWROLOGON, 'ADOLESCHN TINA
SOFISTHN, 'EI*Q' "W$ DIAFQEIRONTA 'ALLOU$ NEWTEROU$ KAI 'ANAPEIQONTA
<P 299C>
'EPITIQESQAI KUBERNHTIKHI KAI 'IATRIKHI MH KATA NOMOU$,
'ALL' 'AUTOKRATORA$ 'ARCEIN TWN PLOIWN KAI TWN NOSOUNTWN0,
GRAYAMENON 'EISAGEIN TON BOULOMENON "OI$ 'EXESTIN 'EI$ DH TI
DIKASTHRION; 'AN2 DE PARA TOU$ NOMOU$ KAI TA GEGRAMMENA
DOXHI6 PEIQEIN 'EI=TE NEOU$ 'EI=TE PRESBUTA$, KOLAZEIN TOI$ 'ESCATOI$.
'OUDEN GAR DEIN TWN NOMWN 'EINAI SOFWTERON; 'OUDENA
GAR 'AGNOEIN TO TE 'IATRIKON KAI TO "UGIEINON 'OUDE TO KUBERNHTIKON
KAI NAUTIKON; 'EXEINAI GAR TW*I BOULOMENWI MANQANEIN
<P 299D>
GEGRAMMENA KAI PA=TRIA 'EQH KEIMENA. TAUTA DH PERI= TE TAUTA$
TA$ 'EPISTHMA$ 'EI GIGNOITO "OUTW$ "W$ LEGOMEN, 'W* SWKRATE$,
KAI STRATHGIKH$ KAI SUMPASH$ "HSTINOSOUN QHREUTIKH$ KAI
GRAFIKH$ 'H= SUMPASH$ MERO$ "OTIOUN MIMHTIKH$ KAI TEKTONIKH$
KAI SUNOLH$ "OPOIASOUN SKEUOURGIA$ 'H=-KAI GEWRGIA$ KAI TH$
PERI= TA FUTA SUNOLH$ TECNH$, 'H=-KAI TINA "IPPOFORBIAN 'AU
KATA SUGGRAMMATA QEASAIMEQA GIGNOMENHN 'H= SUMPASAN
'AGELAIOKOMIKHN 'H= MANTIKHN 'H= PAN "OTI2 MERO$ DIAKONIKH
<P 299E>
PERIEILHFEN0, 'H= PETTEIAN 'H= SUMPASAN 'ARIQMHTIKHN YILHN
'EI=TE 'EPIPEDON 'EI=T' 'EN BAQESIN 'EI=T' 'EN TACESIN 'OUSAN POU?*
PERI= "APANTA TAUTA "OUTW PRATTOMENA TI= POT' 'AN4 FANEIH, KATA
SUGGRAMMATA GIGNOMENA KAI MH KATA TECNHN:
NESW ^ DHLON "OTI4 PASAI TE "AI TECNAI PANTELW$ 'AN4
'APOLOINTO "HMIN, KAI-'OUD' 'EI$ 'AUQI$ GENOINT' 'AN4 POTE DIA= TON
'APOKWLUONTA TOUTON ZHTEIN NOMON; "WSTE "O BIO$, 'WN KAI NU*N
CALEPO$, 'EI$ TON CRONON 'EKEINON 'ABIWTO$ GIGNOIT' 'AN4 TO
PARAPAN.


<P 300A>
XE ^ TI= DE TODE: 'EI KATA SUGGRAMMATA MEN 'ANAGKAZOIMEN
"EKASTON GIGNESQAI TWN 'EIRHMENWN KAI TOI$ SUGRAMMASIN
"HMWN 'EPISTATEIN TON CEIROTONHQENTA 'H= LACONTA 'EK TUCH$,
"OUTO$ DE MHDEN FRONTIZWN TWN GRAMMATWN 'H= KERDOU$ "ENEKEN
TINO$ 'H= CARITO$ 'IDIA$ PARA TAUT' 'EPICEIROI DRAN "E=TERA, MHDEN
GIGNWSKWN, 'A*RA 'OU TOU* KAKOU TOU* PROSQEN MEIZON 'AN4 'ETI
TOUTO GIGNOITO KAKON:
NESW ^ 'ALHQESTATA GE8.
<P 300B>
XE ^ PARA GAR 'OIMAI TOU$ NOMOU$ TOU$ 'EK PEIRA$ POLLH$
KEIMENOU$ KAI TINWN SUMBOULWN "EKASTA CARIENTW$ SUMBOULEUSANTWN0
KAI PEISANTWN0 QESQAI TO PLHQO$, "O PARA TAUTA
TOLMWN DRAN, "AMARTHMATO$ "AMARTHMA POLLAPLASION 'APERGAZOMENO$,
'ANATREPOI PASAN 'AN4 PRAXIN 'ETI MEIZONW$ TWN
SUGGRAMMATWN.
NESW ^ PW*$ D' 'OU MELLEI0:
<P 300C>
XE ^ DIA= TAUTA DH TOI$ PERI= "OTOUOUN NOMOU$ KAI SUGGRAMMATA
TIQEMENOI$ DEUTERO$ PLOU$ TO PARA TAUTA MHTE
"ENA MHTE PLHQO$ MHDEN MHDEPOTE 'EA*N DRAN MHD' "OTIOUN.
NESW ^ 'ORQW$.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N MIMHMATA MEN 'AN4 "EKASTWN TAUTA 'EIH TH$
'ALHQEIA$, TA PARA TWN 'EIDOTWN 'EI$ DUNAMIN 'EINAI
GEGRAMMENA:
NESW ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
XE ^ KAI-MHN TON GE 'EIDOTA 'EFAMEN, TON 'ONTW$ POLITIKON,
'EI MEMNHMEQA, POIHSEIN THI TECNHI POLLA 'EI$ THN "AUTOU
PRAXIN TWN GRAMMATWN 'OUDEN FRONTIZONTA, "OPOTAN 'A=LL' 'AUTWI
<P 300D>
BELTIW DOXHI6 PARA TA GEGRAMMENA "UF' "AUTOU KAI 'EPESTALMENA
'APOUSIN TISIN.
NESW ^ 'EFAMEN GAR.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N 'ANHR "OSTISOUN "EI$ 'H= PLHQO$ "OTIOUN, "OI$ 'AN4
NOMOI KEIMENOI TUGCANWSI, PARA TAUTA "OTI2 'AN4 'EPICEIRHSWSI
POIEIN "W$ BELTION "ETERON 'ON, 'TAUTON DRWSI0 KATA DUNAMIN
"OPER "O 'ALHQINO$ 'EKEINO$:
NESW ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ 'A*R'-'OUN 'EI MEN 'ANEPISTHMONE$ 'ONTE$ TO TOIOUTON
DRWIEN, MIMEISQAI MEN 'AN4 'EPICEIROIEN TO 'ALHQE$, MIMOINT' 'AN4
<P 300E>
MENTOI PAGKAKW$; 'EI D' 'ENTECNOI, TOUTO 'OUK 'ESTIN 'ETI MIMHMA
'ALL' 'AUTO TO 'ALHQESTATON 'EKEINO:
NESW ^ PANTW$ POU.
XE ^ KAI-MHN 'EMPROSQE GE "WMOLOGHMENON "HMIN KEITAI
MHDEN PLHQO$ MHD' "HNTINOUN DUNATON 'EINAI LABEIN TECNHN.
NESW ^ KEITAI GAR-'OUN.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EI MEN 'ESTI BASILIKH TI$ TECNH, TO TWN
PLOUSIWN PLHQO$ KAI "O SUMPA$ DHMO$ 'OUK 'AN4 POTE LABOI
THN POLITIKHN TAUTHN 'EPISTHMHN.
NESW ^ PW*$ GAR 'AN4:
XE ^ DEI DH TA$ TOIAUTA$ GE "W$ 'EOIKE0 POLITEIA$, 'EI MELLOUSI0


<P 301A>
KALW$ THN 'ALHQINHN 'EKEINHN THN TOU* "ENO$ META TECNH$
'ARCONTO$ POLITEIAN 'EI$ DUNAMIN MIMHSESQAI, MHDEPOTE KEIMENWN
'AUTOI$ TWN NOMWN MHDEN POIEIN PARA TA GEGRAMMENA
KAI PA=TRIA 'EQH.
NESW ^ KALLIST' 'EIRHKA$.
XE ^ "OTAN 'A=RA "OI PLOUSIOI TAUTHN MIMWNTAI, TO=TE
'ARISTOKRATIAN KALOUMEN0 THN TOIAUTHN POLITEIAN; "OPOTAN DE
TWN NOMWN MH FRONTIZWSIN, 'OLIGARCIAN.
NESW ^ KINDUNEUEI0.
XE ^ KAI-MHN "OPOTAN 'AUQI$ "EI$ 'ARCHI5 KATA NOMOU$, MIMOUMENO$
<P 301B>
TON 'EPISTHMONA, BASILEA KALOUMEN0, 'OU DIORIZONTE$
'ONOMATI TON MET' 'EPISTHMH$ 'H= DOXH$ KATA NOMOU$
MONARCOUNTA.
NESW ^ KINDUNEUOMEN.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N 'KAN2 TI$ 'A=RA 'EPISTHMWN 'ONTW$ 'WN "EI$ 'ARCHI5,
PANTW$ TO GE 'ONOMA 'TAUTON BASILEU$ KAI 'OUDEN "ETERON
PROSRHQHSETAI; DI' "A DH TA PENTE 'ONOMATA TWN NU*N LEGOMENWN
POLITEIWN "EN MONON GEGONEN0.
NESW ^ 'EOIKE0 GOUN.
XE ^ TI= D' "OTAN MHTE KATA NOMOU$ MHTE KATA 'EQH PRATTHI5
<P 301C>
TI$ "EI$ 'ARCWN, PROSPOIHTAI DE "WSPER "O 'EPISTHMWN "W$ 'A=RA
PARA TA GEGRAMMENA TO GE BELTISTON POIHTEON, 'HI DE TI$
'EPIQUMIA KAI 'AGNOIA TOUTOU TOU* MIMHMATO$ "HGOUMENH, MWN
'OU TO=TE TON TOIOUTON "EKASTON TURANNON KLHTEON:
NESW ^ TI= MHN:
XE ^ "OUTW DH TURANNO$ TE GEGONE0, FAMEN, KAI BASILEU$
KAI 'OLIGARCIA KAI 'ARISTOKRATIA KAI DHMOKRATIA, DUSCERANANTWN0
TWN 'ANQRWPWN TON "ENA 'EKEINON MONARCON, KAI 'APISTHSANTWN0
MHDENA TH$ TOIAUTH$ 'ARCH$ 'AXION 'AN4 GENESQAI POTE,
<P 301D>
"WSTE 'EQELEIN KAI DUNATON 'EINAI MET' 'ARETH$ KAI 'EPISTHMH$
'ARCONTA TA DI=KAIA KAI "O=SIA DIANEMEIN0 'ORQW$ PASIN, LWBASQAI
DE-KAI 'APOKTEINUNAI KAI KAKOUN0 "ON 'AN4 BOULHQHI "EKASTOTE
"HMWN; 'EPEI GENOMENON G' 'AN4 "OION LEGOMEN 'AGAPASQAI TE 'AN4
KAI 'OIKEIN DIAKUBERNWNTA 'EUDAIMONW$ 'ORQHN 'AKRIBW$ MONON
POLITEIAN.
NESW ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
XE ^ NU*N DE-GE "OPOTE 'OUK 'ESTI GIGNOMENO$, "W$ DH
<P 301E>
FAMEN, 'EN TAI$ POLESI BASILEU$ "OIO$ 'EN SMHNESIN 'EMFUETAI,
TO TE SWMA 'EUQU$ KAI THN YUCHN DIAFERWN "EI$, DEI DH
SUNELQONTA$ SUGGRAMMATA GRAFEIN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, METAQEONTA$
TA TH$ 'ALHQESTATH$ POLITEIA$ 'ICNH.
NESW ^ KINDUNEUEI0.
XE ^ QAUMAZOMEN DHTA, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EN TAI$ TOIAUTAI$
POLITEIAI$ "OSA SUMBAINEI0 GIGNESQAI KAKA KAI "OSA SUMBHSETAI,
TOIAUTH$ TH$ KRHPIDO$ "UPOKEIMENH$ 'AUTAI$, TH$ KATA
GRAMMATA KAI 'EQH MH META 'EPISTHMH$ PRATTOUSH$ TA$


<P 302A>
PRAXEI$, "HI7 "ETE=RA PROSCRWMENH PANTI KATADHLO$ "W$ PANT'
'AN4 DIOLESEIE TA TAUTHI GIGNOMENA: 'H= 'EKEINO "HMIN QAUMASTEON
MALLON, "W$ 'ISCURON TI POLI$ 'ESTI FUSEI: PASCOUSAI GAR-DH
TOIAUTA "AI POLEI$ NU*N CRONON 'APERANTON, "OMW$ 'ENIAI
TINE$ 'AUTWN MONIMOI TE 'EISI KAI 'OUK 'ANATREPONTAI; POLLAI
MHN 'ENIOTE KAI KAQAPER PLOIA KATADUOMENAI DIOLLUNTAI KAI
DIOLWLASI KAI 'ETI DIOLOUNTAI DIA= THN TWN KUBERNHTWN KAI
NAUTWN MOCQHRIAN TWN PERI= TA MEGISTA MEGISTHN 'AGNOIAN
<P 302B>
'EILHFOTWN, "OI=4 PERI= TA POLITIKA KAT' 'OUDEN GIGNWSKONTE$
"HGOUNTAI KATA PANTA SAFESTATA PASWN 'EPISTHMWN TAUTHN
'EILHFENAI.
NESW ^ 'ALHQESTATA.
XE ^ TI=$ 'OUN-DH TWN 'OUK 'ORQWN POLITEIWN TOUTWN "HKISTA
CALEPH SUZHN, PASWN CALEPWN 'OUSWN, KAI TI=$ BARUTATH:
DEI TI KATIDEIN "HMA$, KAIPER PRO$ GE TO NU*N PROTEQEN "HMIN
PARERGON LEGOMENON: 'OU-MHN-'ALL' 'EI$ GE TO "OLON 'ISW$
"APANQ' "ENEKA TOU* TOIOUTOU PANTE$ DRWMEN0 CARIN.
NESW ^ DEI; PW*$ D' 'OU=:
<P 302C>
XE ^ THN 'AUTHN TOINUN FAQI TRIWN 'OUSWN CALEPHN DIAFERONTW$
GIGNESQAI KAI "RA\STHN.
NESW ^ PW*$ FH=I$:
XE ^ 'OUK 'ALLW$, PLHN MONARCIAN FHMI KAI 'OLIGWN 'ARCHN
KAI POLLWN, 'EINAI TREI$ TAUTA$ "HMIN LEGOMENA$ TOU* NU*N
'EPIKECUMENOU LOGOU KAT' 'ARCA$.
NESW ^ 'HSAN GAR-'OUN.
XE ^ TAUTA$ TOINUN DICA TEMNONTE$ MIAN "EKASTHN "EX
POIWMEN, THN 'ORQHN CWRI$ 'APOKRINANTE$ TOUTWN
"EBDOMHN.
NESW ^ PW*$:
<P 302D>
XE ^ 'EK MEN TH$ MONARCIA$ BASILIKHN KAI TURANNIKHN,
'EK D' 'AU TWN MH POLLWN THN TE 'EUWNUMON 'EFAMEN 'EINAI8
'ARISTOKRATIAN KAI 'OLIGARCIAN; 'EK D' 'AU TWN POLLWN TO=TE
MEN "APLHN 'EPONOMAZONTE$ 'ETIQEMEN DHMOKRATIAN, NU*N D' 'AU
KAI TAUTHN "HMIN QETEON 'ESTI DIPLHN.
NESW ^ PW*$ DH: KAI TI=NI DIAIROUNTE$ TAUTHN:
XE ^ 'OUDEN DIAFERONTI TWN 'ALLWN, 'OUD' 'EI 'TOUNOMA 'HDH
<P 302E>
DIPLOUN 'ESTI TAUTH$; 'ALLA= TO GE KATA NOMOU$ 'ARCEIN KAI
PARANOMW$ 'ESTI KAI TAUTHI KAI TAI$ 'ALLAI$.
NESW ^ 'ESTI GAR-'OUN.
XE ^ TO=TE MEN-TOINUN THN 'ORQHN ZHTOUSI4 TOUTO TO TMHMA
'OUK 'H*N CRHSIMON, "W$ 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN 'APEDEIXAMEN; 'EPEIDH
DE 'EXEILOMEN 'EKEINHN, TA$ D' 'ALLA$ 'EQEMEN 'ANAGKAIA$, 'EN
TAUTAI$ DH TO PARANOMON KAI 'ENNOMON "EKASTHN DICOTOMEI0
TOUTWN.
NESW ^ 'EOIKEN0 TOUTOU NU*N "RHQENTO$ TOU* LOGOU.
XE ^ MONARCIA TOINUN ZEUCQEISA MEN 'EN GRAMMASIN 'AGAQOI$,
"OU$ NOMOU$ LEGOMEN, 'ARISTH PASWN TWN "EX; 'ANOMO$ DE
CALEPH KAI BARUTATH SUNOIKHSAI0.


<P 303A>
NESW ^ KINDUNEUEI0.
XE ^ THN DE-GE TWN MH POLLWN, "WSPER "ENO$ KAI PLHQOU$
TO 'OLIGON MESON, "OUTW$ "HGHSWMEQA MESHN 'EP' 'AMFO=TERA;
THN D' 'AU TOU* PLHQOU$ KATA PANTA 'ASQENH KAI MHDEN MHTE
'AGAQON MHTE KAKON MEGA DUNAMENHN "W$ PRO$ TA$ 'ALLA$ DIA=
TO TA$ 'ARCA$ 'EN TAUTHI DIANENEMHSQAI KATA SMIKRA 'EI$ POLLOU$.
DIO GEGONE0 PASWN MEN NOMIMWN TWN POLITEIWN 'OUSWN
TOUTWN CEIRISTH, PARANOMWN DE 'OUSWN SUMPASWN BELTISTH;
<P 303B>
KAI 'AKOLASTWN MEN PASWN 'OUSWN 'EN DHMOKRATIA\ NIKA*I0 ZHN,
KOSMIWN D' 'OUSWN "HKISTA 'EN TAUTHI BIWTEON, 'EN THI PRWTHI
DE POLU PRWTON TE-KAI 'ARISTON, PLHN TH$ "EBDOMH$; PASWN
GAR 'EKEINHN GE 'EKKRITEON, "OION QEON 'EX 'ANQRWPWN, 'EK TWN
'ALLWN POLITEIWN.
NESW ^ FAINETAI TAUQ' "OUTW SUMBAINEIN TE-KAI GIGNESQAI,
KAI POIHTEON "HIPER LEGEI$.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N-DH-KAI TOU$ KOINWNOU$ TOUTWN TWN POLITEIWN
<P 303C>
PASWN PLHN TH$ 'EPISTHMONO$ 'AFAIRETEON "W$ 'OUK 'ONTA$
POLITIKOU$ 'ALLA= STASIASTIKOU$, KAI 'EIDWLWN MEGISTWN PROSTATA$
'ONTA$ KAI 'AUTOU$ 'EINAI TOIOUTOU$, MEGISTOU$ DE 'ONTA$
MIMHTA$ KAI GOHTA$ MEGISTOU$ GIGNESQAI TWN SOFISTWN
SOFISTA$.
NESW ^ KINDUNEUEI0 TOUTO 'EI$ TOU$ POLITIKOU$ LEGOMENOU$
PERIESTRAFQAI TO "RHMA 'ORQOTATA.
XE ^ 'EIEN; TOUTO MEN 'ATECNW$ "HMIN "WSPER DRAMA, KAQAPER
'ERRHQH NUNDH KENTAURIKON "ORASQAI KAI SATURIKON TINA
<P 303D>
QIASON, "ON DH CWRISTEON 'APO POLITIKH$ 'EIH TECNH$; NU*N D'
"OUTW PANU MOGI$ 'ECWRISQH.
NESW ^ FAINETAI.
XE ^ TOUTOU DE-G' "ETERON 'ETI CALEPWTERON LEIPETAI TW*I
SUGGENE$ TE "OMOU T' 'EINAI MALLON TW*I BASILIKWI GENEI KAI
DUSKATAMAQHTOTERON; KAI MOI FAINOMEQA TOI$ TON CRUSON
KAQAIROUSI4 PAQO$ "OMOION PEPONQENAI.
NESW ^ PW*$:
XE ^ GHN POU-KAI LIQOU$ KAI POLL' 'ATTA "E=TERA 'APOKRINOUSI0
KAI 'EKEINOI PRWTON "OI DHMIOURGOI; META DE TAUTA
<P 303E>
LEIPETAI SUMMEMEIGMENA TA SUGGENH TOU* CRUSOU TI=MIA KAI
PURI MONON 'AFAIRETA, CALKO$ KAI 'ARGURO$, 'ESTI D' "OTE KAI
'ADAMA$, "A7 META BASANWN TAI$ "EYHSESI MOGI$ 'AFAIREQENTA
TON LEGOMENON 'AKHRATON CRUSON 'EIASEN "HMA$ 'IDEIN 'AUTON
MONON 'EF' "EAUTOU.
NESW ^ LEGETAI GAR-'OUN-DH TAUTA "OUTW GIGNESQAI.
XE ^ KATA TON 'AUTON TOINUN LOGON 'EOIKE0 KAI NU*N "HMIN
TA MEN "E=TERA KAI "OPOSA 'ALLO=TRIA KAI TA MH FILA POLITIKH$
'EPISTHMH$ 'APOKECWRISQAI, LEIPESQAI DE TA TI=MIA KAI SUGGENH.
TOUTWN D' 'ESTI POU STRATHGIA KAI DIKASTIKH KAI "OSH


<P 304A>
BASILIKHI KOINWNOUSA "RHTOREIA PEIQOUSA TO DIKAION SUNDIAKUBERNA*I0
TA$ 'EN TAI$ POLESI PRAXEI$; "A DH TI=NI TROPWI "RA*ISTA
TI$ 'APOMERIZWN DEIXEI2 GUMNON KAI MONON 'EKEINON KAQ' "AUTON
TON ZHTOUMENON "UF' "HMWN:
NESW ^ DHLON "OTI4 TOUTO PHI DRAN PEIRATEON.
XE ^ PEIRA$ MEN-TOINUN "ENEKA FANERO$ 'ESTAI; DIA= DE
MOUSIKH$ 'AUTON 'EGCEIRHTEON DHLWSAI0. KAI MOI LEGE.
NESW ^ TO POI*ON:
<P 304B>
XE ^ MOUSIKH$ 'ESTI POU TI$ "HMIN MAQHSI$, KAI "OLW$ TWN
PERI= CEIROTECNIA$ 'EPISTHMWN:
NESW ^ 'ESTIN.
XE ^ TI= DE: TO D' 'AU TOUTWN "HNTINOUN 'EI=TE DEI MANQANEIN
"HMA$ 'EI=TE MH, PO=TERA FHSOMEN 'EPISTHMHN 'AU KAI TAUTHN
'EINAI TINA PERI= 'AUTA TAUTA, 'H= PW*$:
NESW ^ "OUTW$, 'EINAI FHSOMEN.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N "ETERAN "OMOLOGHSOMEN 'EKEINWN 'EINAI TAUTHN:
NESW ^ NAI.
XE ^ PO=TERA DE 'AUTWN 'OUDEMIAN 'ARCEIN DEIN 'ALLHN 'ALLH$,
<P 304C>
'H= 'EKEINA$ TAUTH$, 'H= TAUTHN DEIN 'EPITROPEUOUSAN 'ARCEIN
SUMPASWN TWN 'ALLWN:
NESW ^ TAUTHN 'EKEINWN.
XE ^ THN7 'EI DEI MANQANEIN 'H= MH TH$ MANQANOMENH$ KAI
DIDASKOUSH$ 'A=RA SU GE 'APOFAINHI0 DEIN "HMIN 'ARCEIN:
NESW ^ SFO=DRA GE.
XE ^ KAI THN 'EI DEI PEIQEIN 'A=RA 'H= MH TH$ DUNAMENH$
PEIQEIN:
NESW ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
XE ^ 'EIEN; TI=NI TO PEISTIKON 'OUN 'APODWSOMEN 'EPISTHMHI
<P 304D>
PLHQOU$ TE-KAI 'OCLOU DIA= MUQOLOGIA$ 'ALLA= MH DIA=
DIDACH$:
NESW ^ FANERON 'OIMAI KAI TOUTO "RHTORIKHI DOTEON 'ON.
XE ^ TO D'-'EI=TE DIA= PEIQOU$ 'EI=TE-KAI DIA= TINO$ BIA$ DEI
PRATTEIN PRO$ TINA$ "OTIOUN 'H=-KAI TO PARAPAN "HSUCIAN7
'ECEIN, TOUT' 'AU POI=A\ PROSQHSOMEN 'EPISTHMHI:
NESW ^ THI TH$ PEISTIKH$ 'ARCOUSHI KAI LEKTIKH$.
XE ^ 'EIH D' 'AN4 'OUK 'ALLH TI$, "W$ 'OIMAI, PLHN "H TOU*
POLITIKOU DUNAMI$.
NESW ^ KALLIST' 'EIRHKA$.
XE ^ KAI TOUTO MEN 'EOIKE0 TACU KECWRISQAI POLITIKH$ TO
<P 304E>
"RHTORIKON, "W$ "ETERON 'EIDO$ 'ON, "UPHRETOUN MHN TAUTHI.
NESW ^ NAI.
XE ^ TI= DE PERI= TH$ TOIASD' 'AU DUNAMEW$ DIANOHTEON:
NESW ^ POI=A$:
XE ^ TH$ "W$ POLEMHTEON "EKASTOI$ "OI$ 'AN4 PROELWMEQA
POLEMEIN, 'EI=TE 'AUTHN 'ATECNON 'EI=TE 'ENTECNON 'EROUMEN2:
NESW ^ KAI PW*$ 'AN4 'ATECNON DIANOHQEIMEN, "HN GE "H
STRATHGIKH KAI PASA "H POLEMIKH PRAXI$ PRATTEI0:
XE ^ THN DE-'EI=TE POLEMHTEON 'EI=TE DIA= FILIA$ 'APALLAKTEON
"OIAN-TE KAI 'EPISTHMONA DIABOULEUSASQAI, TAUTH$ "ETERAN
"UPOLABWMEN 'H= THN 'AUTHN TAUTHI:
NESW ^ TOI$ PROSQEN 'ANAGKAION "EPOMENOISIN "ETERAN.


<P 305A>
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N 'ARCOUSAN TAUTH$ 'AUTHN 'APOFANOUMEQA,
'EIPER TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN GE "UPOLHYOMEQA "OMOIW$:
NESW ^ FHMI.
XE ^ TI=N' 'OUN POTE KAI 'EPICEIRHSOMEN "OUTW DEINH$ KAI
MEGALH$ TECNH$ SUMPASH$ TH$ POLEMIKH$ DESPOTIN 'APOFAINESQAI
PLHN GE-DH THN 'ONTW$ 'OUSAN BASILIKHN:
NESW ^ 'OUDEMIAN 'ALLHN.
XE ^ 'OUK-'A=RA POLITIKHN QHSOMEN, "UPHRETIKHN GE 'OUSAN,
THN TWN STRATHGWN 'EPISTHMHN.
NESW ^ 'OUK 'EIKO$.
<P 305B>
XE ^ 'IQI DH, KAI THN TWN DIKASTWN TWN 'ORQW$ DIKAZONTWN0
QEASWMEQA DUNAMIN.
NESW ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ 'A*R'-'OUN 'EPI PLEON TI DUNATAI TOU* PERI= TA SUMBOLAIA
PANQ' "OPOSA KEITAI NOMIMA PARA NOMOQETOU BASILEW$
PARALABOUSA, KRINEIN0 'EI$ 'EKEINA SKOPOUSA TA TE DI=KAIA
TACQENT' 'EINAI KAI 'ADIKA, THN "AUTH$ 'IDIAN 'ARETHN PARECOMENH
TOU* MHQ' "UPO TINWN DWRWN MHQ' "UPO FOBWN MHTE 'OIKTWN MHQ'
<P 305C>
"UPO TINO$ 'ALLH$ 'ECQRA$ MHDE FILIA$ "HTTHQEISA PARA THN
TOU* NOMOQETOU TAXIN 'EQELEIN 'AN4 'TALLHLWN 'EGKLHMATA
DIAIREIN:
NESW ^ 'OU=K, 'ALLA= SCEDON "OSON 'EIRHKA$ TAUTH$ 'ESTI
TH$ DUNAMEW$ 'ERGON.
XE ^ KAI THN TWN DIKASTWN 'A=RA "RWMHN 'ANEURISKOMEN 'OU
BASILIKHN 'OUSAN 'ALLA= NOMWN FULAKA KAI "UPHRETIN 'EKEINH$.
NESW ^ 'EOIKEN0 GE.
XE ^ TODE DH KATANOHTEON 'IDONTI SUNAPASA$ TA$ 'EPISTHMA$
"AI=4 'EIRHNTAI, "OTI4 POLITIKH GE 'AUTWN 'OUDEMIA 'ANEFANH.
<P 305D>
THN GAR 'ONTW$ 'OUSAN BASILIKHN 'OUK 'AUTHN DEI PRATTEIN 'ALL'
'ARCEIN TWN DUNAMENWN PRATTEIN, GIGNWSKOUSAN THN 'ARCHN
TE-KAI "ORMHN TWN MEGISTWN 'EN TAI$ POLESIN 'EGKAIRIA$ TE
PE=RI KAI 'AKAIRIA$, TA$ D' 'ALLA$ TA PROSTACQENTA DRAN.
NESW ^ 'ORQW$.
XE ^ DIA= TAUTA 'A=RA "A$ MEN 'ARTI DIELHLUQAMEN, 'OUT' 'ALLHLWN
'OUQ' "AUTWN 'ARCOUSAI, PERI= DE TINA 'IDIAN "AUTH$ 'OUSA
"EKASTH PRAXIN, KATA THN 'IDIOTHTA TWN PRAXEWN 'TOUNOMA
DIKAIW$ 'EILHFEN0 'IDION.
<P 305E>
NESW ^ 'EIXASI GOUN.
XE ^ THN DE PASWN TE TOUTWN 'ARCOUSAN KAI TWN NOMWN
KAI SUMPANTWN TWN KATA POLIN 'EPIMELOUMENHN KAI PANTA
SUNUFAINOUSAN 'ORQOTATA, TOU* KOINOU THI KLHSEI PERILABONTE$
THN DUNAMIN 'AUTH$, PROSAGOREUOIMEN DIKAIOTAT' 'AN4,
"W$ 'EOIKE0, POLITIKHN.
NESW ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N-DH-KAI KATA TO TH$ "UFANTIKH$ PARADEIGMA
BOULOIMEQ' 'AN4 'EPEXELQEIN 'AUTHN NU*N, "OTE KAI PANTA TA GENH
TA KATA POLIN DHLA "HMIN GEGONE0:
NESW ^ KAI SFO=DRA GE.


<P 306A>
XE ^ THN DH BASILIKHN SUMPLOKHN, "W$ 'EOIKE0, LEKTEON
POI=A TE 'ESTI KAI TI=NI TROPWI SUMPLEKOUSA POI*ON "HMIN
"UFASMA 'APODIDWSIN.
NESW ^ DHLON.
XE ^ 'H* CALEPON 'ENDEIXASQAI PRAGMA 'ANAGKAION 'A=RA
GEGONEN0, "W$ FAINETAI.
NESW ^ PANTW$ GE-MHN "RHTEON.
XE ^ TO GAR 'ARETH$ MERO$ 'ARETH$ 'EIDEI DIAFORON 'EINAI
TINA TROPON TOI$ PERI= LOGOU$ 'AMFISBHTHTIKOI$ KAI MAL'
'EUEPIQETON PRO$ TA$ TWN POLLWN DOXA$.
NESW ^ 'OUK 'EMAQON.
XE ^ 'ALL' "WDE PALIN. 'ANDREIAN GAR 'OIMAI SE "HGEISQAI
<P 306B>
MERO$ "EN 'ARETH$ "HMIN 'EINAI.
NESW ^ PANU GE.
XE ^ KAI-MHN SWFROSUNHN GE 'ANDREIA$ MEN "ETERON, "EN D'-'OUN-KAI
TOUTO MORION "H$ 'KAKEINO.
NESW ^ NAI.
XE ^ TOUTWN DH PE=RI QAUMASTON TINA LOGON 'APOFAINESQAI
TOLMHTEON.
NESW ^ POI*ON:
XE ^ "W$ 'ESTON0 KATA DH TINA TROPON 'EU MALA PRO$ 'ALLHLA$
'ECQRAN KAI STASIN 'ENANTIAN 'ECONTE 'EN POLLOI$ TWN
'ONTWN0.
NESW ^ PW*$ LEGEI$:
XE ^ 'OUK 'EIWQOTA LOGON 'OUDAMW$; PANTA GAR-'OUN-DH
<P 306C>
'ALLHLOI$ TA GE TH$ 'ARETH$ MORIA LEGETAI POU FI=LIA.
NESW ^ NAI.
XE ^ SKOPWMEN DH PROSSCONTE$ TON NOUN 'EU MALA POTERON
"OUTW$ "APLOUN 'ESTI TOUTO, 'H= PANTO$ MALLON 'AUTWN 'ECEI0
DIAFORAN TOI$ SUGGENESIN 'E$ TI:
NESW ^ NAI, LEGOI$ 'AN4 PH*I SKEPTEON.
XE ^ 'EN TOI$ SUMPASI CRH ZHTEIN "OSA KALA MEN LEGOMEN,
'EI$ DUO DE 'AUTA TIQEMEN 'ENANTIA 'ALLHLWN 'EIDH.
NESW ^ LEG' 'ETI SAFESTERON.
XE ^ 'OXUTHTA KAI TACO$, 'EI=TE KATA SWMATA 'EI=T' 'EN
<P 306D>
YUCAI$ 'EI=TE KATA FWNH$ FORAN, 'EI=TE 'AUTWN TOUTWN 'EI=TE 'EN
'EIDWLOI$ 'ONTWN0, "OPOSA MOUSIKH MIMOUMENH KAI 'ETI GRAFIKH
MIMHMATA PARECETAI, TOUTWN TINO$ 'EPAINETH$ 'EI=TE 'AUTO$
PWPOTE GEGONA$ 'EI=TE 'ALLOU PARWN 'EPAINOUNTO$ 'HISQHSAI:
NESW ^ TI= MHN:
XE ^ 'H*-KAI MNHMHN 'ECEI$ "ONTINA TROPON 'AUTO DRWSIN0 'EN
"EKASTOI$ TOUTWN:
NESW ^ 'OUDAMW$.
XE ^ 'A*R'-'OUN DUNATO$ 'AUTO 'AN4 GENOIMHN, "WSPER KAI
DIANOOUMAI, DIA= LOGWN 'ENDEIXASQAI SOI4:
<P 306E>
NESW ^ TI= D' 'OU=:
XE ^ "RA\DION 'EOIKA$ "HGEISQAI TO TOIOUTON; SKOPWMEQA D'-'OUN
'AUTO 'EN TOI$ "UPENANTIOI$ GENESI. TWN GAR-DH PRAXEWN
'EN POLLAI$ KAI POLLAKI$ "EKASTOTE TACO$ KAI SFODROTHTA
KAI 'OXUTHTA DIANOHSEW$ TE-KAI SWMATO$, 'ETI DE-KAI FWNH$,
"OTAN 'AGASQWMEN, LEGOMEN 'AUTO 'EPAINOUNTE$ MIA*I CRWMENOI
PROSRHSEI THI TH$ 'ANDREIA$.
NESW ^ PW*$:
XE ^ 'OXU KAI 'ANDREION PRWTON POU FAMEN, KAI TACU KAI
'ANDRIKON, KAI SFODRON "WSAUTW$; KAI PANTW$ 'EPIFERONTE$
'TOUNOMA "O= LEGW0 KOINON PASAI$ TAI$ FUSESI TAUTAI$ 'EPAINOUMEN
'AUTA$.
NESW ^ NAI.


<P 307A>
XE ^ TI= DE: TO TH$ 'HREMAIA$ 'AU GENESEW$ 'EIDO$ 'A*R' 'OU
POLLAKI$ 'EPHINEKAMEN 'EN POLLAI$ TWN PRAXEWN:
NESW ^ KAI SFO=DRA GE.
XE ^ MWN-'OUN 'OU 'TANANTIA LEGONTE$ 'H= PERI= 'EKEINWN
TOUTO FQEGGOMEQA:
NESW ^ PW*$:
XE ^ "W$ "HSUCAI*A POU FAMEN "EKASTOTE KAI SWFRONIKA,
PERI= TE DIANOIAN PRATTOMENA 'AGASQENTE$ KAI KATA TA$
PRAXEI$ 'AU BRADEA KAI MALAKA, KAI 'ETI PERI= FWNA$ GIGNOMENA
LEI*A KAI BAREA, KAI PASAN "RUQMIKHN KINHSIN KAI "OLHN
<P 307B>
MOUSAN 'EN KAIRWI BRADUTHTI PROSCRWMENHN, 'OU TO TH$
'ANDREIA$ 'ALLA= TO TH$ KOSMIOTHTO$ 'ONOMA 'EPIFEROMEN 'AUTOI$
SUMPASIN.
NESW ^ 'ALHQESTATA.
XE ^ KAI-MHN "OPOTAN 'AU GE 'AMFO=TERA GIGNHTAI TAUQ'
"HMIN 'AKAIRA, METABALLONTE$ "EKA=TERA 'AUTWN YEGOMEN 'EPI
'TANANTIA PALIN 'APONEMONTE$ TOI$ 'ONOMASIN.
NESW ^ PW*$:
XE ^ 'OXU=TERA MEN 'AUTA GIGNOMENA TOU* KAIROU KAI QATTW
KAI SKLHRO=TERA FAINOMENA KAI8 "UBRISTIKA KAI MANIKA LEGONTE$,
<P 307C>
TA DE BARU=TERA KAI BRADU=TERA KAI MALAKW=TERA DEILA
KAI BLAKIKA; KAI SCEDON "W$ TO POLU TAUTA TE-KAI THN
SWFRONA FUSIN KAI THN 'ANDREIAN THN TWN 'ENANTIWN, "OION
POLEMIAN DIALACOUSA$ STASIN 'IDEA$, 'OUT' 'ALLHLAI$ MEIGNUMENA$
'EFEURISKOMEN 'EN TAI$ PERI= TA TOIAUTA PRAXESIN, 'ETI TE
TOU$ 'EN TAI$ YUCAI$ 'AUTA$ 'ISCONTA$ DIAFEROMENOU$ 'ALLHLOI$
'OYOMEQA 'EA=N METADIWKWMEN.
NESW ^ POU* DH LEGEI$:
XE ^ 'EN PASI TE-DH TOUTOI$ "OI$ NU*N 'EIPOMEN, "W$ 'EIKO$
<P 307D>
TE 'EN "ETEROI$ POLLOI$. KATA GAR 'OIMAI THN "AUTWN "EKATEROI$
SUGGENEIAN TA MEN 'EPAINOUNTE$ "W$ 'OIKEI*A SFE=TERA, TA DE
TWN DIAFORWN YEGONTE$ "W$ 'ALLO=TRIA, POLLHN 'EI$ 'ECQRAN
'ALLHLOI$ KAI POLLWN PE=RI KAQISTANTAI.
NESW ^ KINDUNEUOUSIN0.
XE ^ PAIDIA TOINUN "AU=TH GE TI$ "H DIAFORA TOUTWN 'ESTI
TWN 'EIDWN; PERI= DE TA MEGISTA NOSO$ SUMBAINEI0 PASWN
'ECQISTH GIGNESQAI TAI$ POLESIN.
NESW ^ PERI= DH POI*A FH=I$:
<P 307E>
XE ^ PERI= "OLHN, "W$ GE 'EIKO$, THN TOU* ZHN PARASKEUHN.
"OI MEN-GAR-DH DIAFERONTW$ 'ONTE$ KOSMIOI TON "HSUCON 'AEI
BION "ETOIMOI ZHN, 'AUTOI KAQ' "AUTOU$ MONOI TA SFE=TERA 'AUTWN
PRATTONTE$, 'OIKOI TE 'AU PRO$ "APANTA$ "OUTW$ "OMILOUNTE$, KAI
PRO$ TA$ 'EXWQEN POLEI$ "WSAUTW$ "ETOIMOI PANTA 'ONTE$
TROPON TINA 'AGEIN 'EIRHNHN; KAI DIA= TON 'ERWTA DH TOUTON
'AKAIROTERON 'ONTA 'H= CRH, "OTAN "A BOULONTAI PRATTWSIN,
'ELAQON 'AUTOI TE 'APOLEMW$ 'ISCONTE$ KAI TOU$ NEOU$ "WSAUTW$
DIATIQENTE$, 'ONTE$ TE 'AEI TWN 'EPITIQEMENWN, 'EX "WN
'OUK 'EN POLLOI$ 'ETESIN 'AUTOI KAI PAIDE$ KAI SUMPASA "H


<P 308A>
POLI$ 'ANT' 'ELEUQERWN POLLAKI$ 'ELAQON "AUTOU$ GENOMENOI
DOULOI.
NESW ^ CALEPON 'EIPE$ KAI DEINON PAQO$.
XE ^ TI= D' "OI PRO$ THN 'ANDREIAN MALLON "REPONTE$: 'A*R'
'OUK 'EPI POLEMON 'AEI TINA TA$ "AUTWN SUNTEINONTE$ POLEI$
DIA= THN TOU* TOIOUTOU BIOU SFODROTERAN TOU* DEONTO$ 'EPIQUMIAN
'EI$ 'ECQRAN POLLOI$ KAI DUNATOI$ KATASTANTE$ 'H= PAMPAN
DIWLESAN 'H= DOULA$ 'AU KAI "UPOCEIRIOU$ TOI$ 'ECQROI$ "UPEQESAN
TA$ "AUTWN PATRIDA$:
<P 308B>
NESW ^ 'ESTI KAI TAUTA.
XE ^ PW*$ 'OUN MH FWMEN 'EN TOUTOI$ 'AMFO=TERA TAUTA TA
GENH POLLHN PRO$ 'ALLHLA 'AEI KAI THN MEGISTHN 'ISCEIN
'E=CQRAN KAI STASIN:
NESW ^ 'OUDAMW$ "W$ 'OU FHSOMEN.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N "OPER 'EPESKOPOUMEN KAT' 'ARCA$ 'ANHURHKAMEN,
"OTI4 MORIA 'ARETH$ 'OU SMIKRA 'ALLHLOI$ DIAFERESQON0 FUSEI KAI-DH-KAI
TOU$ 'ISCONTA$ DRATON0 TO 'AUTO TOUTO:
NESW ^ KINDUNEUETON0.
XE ^ TODE TOINUN 'AU LABWMEN.
NESW ^ TO POI*ON:
<P 308C>
XE ^ 'EI TI$ POU TWN SUNQETIKWN 'EPISTHMWN PRAGMA
"OTIOUN TWN "AUTH$ 'ERGWN, 'KAN4 'EI TO FAULOTATON, "EKOUSA 'EK
MOCQHRWN KAI CRHSTWN TINWN SUNISTHSIN, 'H= PASA 'EPISTHMH
PANTACOU TA MEN MOCQHRA 'EI$ DUNAMIN 'APOBALLEI0, TA DE
'EPITH=DEIA KAI TA8 CRHSTA 'ELABEN, 'EK TOUTWN DE-KAI "OMOIWN
KAI 'ANOMOIWN 'ONTWN0, PANTA 'EI$ "EN 'AUTA SUNAGOUSA, MIAN
TINA DUNAMIN KAI 'IDEAN DHMIOURGEI0.
NESW ^ TI= MHN:
<P 308D>
XE ^ 'OUD'-'A=RA "H KATA FUSIN 'ALHQW$ 'OUSA "HMIN POLITIKH
MH POTE 'EK CRHSTWN KAI KAKWN 'ANQRWPWN "EKOUSA 'EINAI
SUSTHSHTAI POLIN TINA, 'ALL' 'EUDHLON "OTI4 PAIDIA*I PRWTON
BASANIEI2, META DE THN BASANON 'AU TOI$ DUNAMENOI$ PAIDEUEIN
KAI "UPHRETEIN PRO$ TOUT' 'AUTO PARADWSEI2, PROSTATTOUSA
KAI 'EPISTATOUSA 'AUTH, KAQAPER "UFANTIKH TOI$ TE XAINOUSI4
KAI TOI$ 'TALLA PROPARASKEUAZOUSIN4 "OSA PRO$ THN PLEXIN
'AUTH$ SUMPARAKOLOUQOUSA PROSTATTEI0 KAI 'EPISTATEI0, TOIAUTA
<P 308E>
"EKASTOI$ 'ENDEIKNUSA TA 'ERGA 'APOTELEIN0 "OI*A 'AN4 'EPITH=DEIA
"HGHTAI PRO$ THN "AUTH$ 'EINAI SUMPLOKHN.
NESW ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ 'TAUTON DH MOI TOUQ' "H BASILIKH FAINETAI PASI
TOI$ KATA NOMON PAIDEUTAI$ KAI TROFEUSIN, THN TH$ 'EPISTATIKH$
'AUTH DUNAMIN 'ECOUSA, 'OUK 'EPITREYEIN 'ASKEIN "OTI2-MH TI$
PRO$ THN "AUTH$ SUGKRASIN 'APERGAZOMENO$ 'HQO$ TI PREPON
'APOTELEI20, TAUTA DE MONA PARAKELEUESQAI PAIDEUEIN; KAI
TOU$ MEN MH DUNAMENOU$ KOINWNEIN 'HQOU$ 'ANDREIOU KAI SWFRONO$
"OSA TE 'A=LLA 'ESTI TEINONTA PRO$ 'ARETHN, 'ALL' 'EI$


<P 309A>
'AQEOTHTA KAI "UBRIN KAI 'ADIKIAN "UPO KAKH$ BIA\ FUSEW$
'APWQOUMENOU$, QANATOI$ TE 'EKBALLEI0 KAI FUGAI$ KAI TAI$
MEGISTAI$ KOLAZOUSA 'ATIMIAI$.
NESW ^ LEGETAI GOUN PW$ "OUTW$.
XE ^ TOU$ DE 'EN 'AMAQIA\ TE 'AU KAI TAPEINOTHTI POLLHI
KULINDOUMENOU$ 'EI$ TO DOULIKON "UPOZEUGNUSI0 GENO$.
NESW ^ 'ORQOTATA.
XE ^ TOU$ LOIPOU$ TOINUN, "OSWN "AI FUSEI$ 'EPI TO GENNAION
<P 309B>
"IKANAI PAIDEIA$ TUGCANOUSAI KAQISTASQAI KAI DEXASQAI
META TECNH$ SUMMEIXIN PRO$ 'ALLHLA$, TOUTWN TA$ MEN 'EPI
THN 'ANDREIAN MALLON SUNTEINOUSA$, "OION STHMONOFUE$ NOMISAS'
'AUTWN 'EINAI TO STEREON 'HQO$, TA$ DE 'EPI TO KOSMION
PIONI TE-KAI MALAKWI KAI KATA THN 'EIKONA KROKWDEI DIANHMATI
PROSCRWMENA$, 'ENANTIA DE TEINOUSA$ 'ALLHLAI$, PEIRATAI0
TOIONDE TINA TROPON SUNDEIN KAI SUMPLEKEIN.
NESW ^ POI*ON DH:
<P 309C>
XE ^ PRWTON MEN KATA TO SUGGENE$ TO 'AEIGENE$ 'ON TH$
YUCH$ 'AUTWN MERO$ QEIWI SUNARMOSAMENH DESMWI, META DE TO
QEION TO ZWIOGENE$ 'AUTWN 'AUQI$ 'ANQRWPINOI$.
NESW ^ PW*$ TOUT' 'EIPE$ 'AU:
XE ^ THN TWN KALWN KAI DIKAIWN PE=RI KAI 'AGAQWN KAI
TWN TOUTOI$ 'ENANTIWN 'ONTW$ 'OUSAN 'ALHQH DOXAN META BEBAIWSEW$,
"OPOTAN 'EN TAI$8 YUCAI$ 'EGGIGNHTAI, QEIAN FHMI 'EN
DAIMONIWI GIGNESQAI GENEI.
NESW ^ PREPEI0 GOUN "OUTW.
<P 309D>
XE ^ TON DH POLITIKON KAI TON 'AGAQON NOMOQETHN 'A*R'
'ISMEN "OTI4 PROSHKEI0 MONON DUNATON 'EINAI THI TH$ BASILIKH$
MOUSHI TOUTO 'AUTO 'EMPOIEIN TOI$ 'ORQW$ METALABOUSI PAIDEIA$,
"OU$ 'ELEGOMEN NUNDH:
NESW ^ TO GOUN 'EIKO$.
XE ^ "O$4 D' 'AN4 DRAN GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ADUNATHI5 TO TOIOUTON,
MHDEPOTE TOI$ NU*N ZHTOUMENOI$ 'ONOMASIN 'AUTON
PROSAGOREUWMEN.
NESW ^ 'ORQOTATA.
XE ^ TI= 'OUN: 'ANDREI=A YUCH LAMBANOMENH TH$ TOIAUTH$
<P 309E>
'ALHQEIA$ 'A*R' 'OUC "HMEROUTAI KAI TWN DIKAIWN MALISTA "OUTW
KOINWNEIN 'AN4 'EQELHSEIEN, MH METALABOUSA DE 'APOKLINEI2
MALLON PRO$ QHRIWDH TINA FUSIN:
NESW ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
XE ^ TI= DE TO TH$ KOSMIA$ FUSEW$: 'A*R' 'OU TOUTWN MEN
METALABON TWN DOXWN 'ONTW$ SWFRON KAI FRONIMON, "W$ GE 'EN
POLITEIA\, GIGNETAI, MH KOINWNHSAN DE "WN LEGOMEN 'EPONEIDISTON
TINA 'EUHQEIA$ DIKAIOTATA LAMBANEI0 FHMHN:
NESW ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
XE ^ 'OUKOU*N SUMPLOKHN KAI DESMON TOUTON TOI$ MEN
KAKOI$ PRO$ SFA$-'AUTOU$ KAI TOI$ 'AGAQOI$ PRO$ TOU$ KAKOU$
MHDEPOTE MONIMON FWMEN GIGNESQAI, MHDE TINA 'EPISTHMHN
'AUTWI SPOUDHI PRO$ TOU$ TOIOUTOU$ 'AN4 CRHSQAI POTE:
NESW ^ PW*$ GAR:


<P 310A>
XE ^ TOI$ D' 'EUGENESI GENOMENOI$ TE 'EX 'ARCH$ 'HQESI
QREFQEISI TE KATA FUSIN MONOI$ DIA= NOMWN 'EMFUESQAI, KAI
'EPI TOUTOI$ DH TOUT' 'EINAI TECNHI FARMAKON, KAI KAQAPER
'EIPOMEN TOUTON QEIOTERON 'EINAI TON SUNDESMON 'ARETH$ MERWN
FUSEW$ 'ANOMOIWN KAI 'EPI TA 'ENANTIA FEROMENWN.
NESW ^ 'ALHQESTATA.
XE ^ TOU$ MHN LOIPOU$, 'ONTA$ 'ANQRWPINOU$ DESMOU$,
"UPARCONTO$ TOUTOU TOU* QEIOU SCEDON 'OUDEN CALEPON 'OUTE
'ENNOEIN 'OUTE 'ENNOHSANTA 'APOTELEIN0.
<P 310B>
NESW ^ PW*$ DH, KAI TI=NA$:
XE ^ TOU$ TWN 'EPIGAMIWN KAI PAIDWN KOINWNHSEWN KAI
TWN PERI= TA$ 'IDIA$ 'EKDOSEI$ KAI GAMOU$. "OI GAR POLLOI TA
PERI= TAUTA 'OUK 'ORQW$ SUNDOUNTAI PRO$ THN TWN PAIDWN
GENNHSIN.
NESW ^ TI= DH:
XE ^ TA MEN PLOUTOU KAI DUNAMEWN 'EN TOI$ TOIOUTOI$
DIWGMATA TI= KAI TI$ 'AN4 "W$ 'A=XIA LOGOU SPOUDAZOI MEMFOMENO$:
NESW ^ 'OUDEN.
XE ^ MALLON DE-GE DIKAION TWN PERI= TA GENH POIOUMENWN
<P 310C>
'EPIMELEIAN TOUTWN PE=RI LEGEIN, 'EI TI MH KATA TROPON
PRATTOUSIN0.
NESW ^ 'EIKO$ GAR-'OUN.
XE ^ PRATTOUSI0 MEN-DH-'OUD' 'EX "ENO$ 'ORQOU LOGOU, THN 'EN
TW*I PARACRHMA DIWKONTE$ "RA\STWNHN KAI TW*I TOU$ MEN PROSOMOIOU$
'AUTOI$ 'ASPAZESQAI, TOU$ D' 'ANOMOIOU$ MH STERGEIN,
PLEISTON THI DUSCEREIA\ MERO$ 'APONEMONTE$.
NESW ^ PW*$:
XE ^ "OI MEN-POU KOSMIOI TO SFETERON 'AUTWN 'HQO$ ZHTOUSI0,
KAI KATA DUNAMIN GAMOUSI0 TE PARA TOUTWN KAI TA$
<P 310D>
'EKDIDOMENA$ PAR' "AUTWN 'EI$ TOUTOU$ 'EKPEMPOUSI0 PALIN; "W$
D' "AUTW$ TO PERI= THN 'ANDREIAN GENO$ DRA*I0, THN "AUTOU METADIWKON
FUSIN, DEON POIEIN 'AMFO=TERA TA GENH TOUTWN 'TOUNANTION
"APAN.
NESW ^ PW*$, KAI DIA= TI=:
XE ^ DIOTI PEFUKEN0 'ANDREIA TE 'EN POLLAI$ GENESESIN
'AMEIKTO$ GENNWMENH SWFRONI FUSEI KATA MEN 'ARCA$ 'AKMAZEIN
"RWMHI, TELEUTWSA DE 'EXANQEIN PANTAPASI MANIAI$.
NESW ^ 'EIKO$.
XE ^ "H DE 'AIDOU$ GE 'AU LIAN PLHRH$ YUCH KAI 'AKERASTO$
<P 310E>
TOLMH$ 'ANDREIA$, 'EPI DE GENEA$ POLLA$ "OUTW GENNHQEISA,
NWQESTE=RA FUESQAI TOU* KAIROU KAI 'APOTELEUTWSA DH
PANTAPASIN 'ANAPHROUSQAI.
NESW ^ KAI TOUT' 'EIKO$ "OUTW SUMBAINEIN.
XE ^ TOUTOU$ DH TOU$ DESMOU$ 'ELEGON "OTI4 CALEPON
'OUDEN SUNDEIN "UPARXANTO$ TOU* PERI= TA KALA 'KAGAQA MIAN
'ECEIN 'AMFO=TERA TA GENH DOXAN. TOUTO GAR "EN KAI "OLON
'ESTI BASILIKH$ SUNUFANSEW$ 'ERGON, MHDEPOTE 'EA*N 'AFISTASQAI
SWFRONA 'APO TWN 'ANDREIWN 'HQH, SUGKERKIZONTA DE
"OMODOXIAI$ KAI TIMAI$ KAI 'ATIMIAI$ KAI DOXAI$ KAI "OMHREIWN
'EKDOSESIN 'EI$ 'ALLHLOU$, LEION KAI TO LEGOMENON 'EUHTRION


<P 311A>
"UFASMA SUNAGONTA 'EX 'AUTWN, TA$ 'EN TAI$ POLESIN 'ARCA$
'AEI KOINHI TOUTOI$ 'EPITREPEIN.
NESW ^ PW*$:
XE ^ "OU4 MEN 'AN4 "ENO$ 'ARCONTO$ CREIA SUMBAINHI5, TON
TAUTA 'AMFO=TERA 'ECONTA "AIROUMENON 'EPISTATHN; "OU4 D' 'AN4
PLEIONWN, TOUTWN MERO$ "EKATERWN SUMMEIGNUNTA. TA MEN-GAR
SWFRONWN 'ARCONTWN0 'HQH SFO=DRA MEN 'EULABH KAI DI=KAIA
KAI SWTH=RIA, DRIMUTHTO$ DE-KAI TINO$ 'ITAMOTHTO$ 'OXEIA$ KAI
PRAKTIKH$ 'ENDEITAI.
NESW ^ DOKEI0 GOUN-DH-KAI TADE.
<P 311B>
XE ^ TA D' 'ANDREI*A GE 'AU PRO$ MEN TO DIKAION KAI 'EULABE$
'EKEINWN 'EPIDEE=STERA, TO DE 'EN TAI$ PRAXESI 'ITAMON
DIAFERONTW$ 'ISCEI0. PANTA DE KALW$ GIGNESQAI TA PERI= TA$
POLEI$ 'IDIA\ KAI DHMOSIA\ TOUTOIN MH PARAGENOMENOIN 'AMFOIN
'ADUNATON.
NESW ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
XE ^ TOUTO DH TELO$ "UFASMATO$ 'EUQUPLOKIA\ SUMPLAKEN
GIGNESQAI FWMEN POLITIKH$ PRAXEW$ TO TWN 'ANDREIWN KAI
SWFRONWN 'ANQRWPWN 'HQO$, "OPOTAN "OMONOIA\ KAI FILIA\ KOINON
<P 311C>
SUNAGAGOUSA 'AUTWN TON BION "H BASILIKH TECNH, PANTWN
MEGALOPREPESTATON "UFASMATWN KAI 'ARISTON 'APOTELESASA
"WST'8 'EINAI8 KOINON8 TOU$ T' 'ALLOU$ 'EN TAI$ POLESI PANTA$
DOULOU$ KAI 'ELEUQEROU$ 'AMPISCOUSA, SUNECHI5 TOUTWI TW*I PLEGMATI,
KAI KAQ' "OSON 'EUDAIMONI PROSHKEI0 GIGNESQAI POLEI
TOUTOU MHDAMHI MHDEN 'ELLEIPOUSA 'ARCHI5 TE-KAI 'EPISTATHI5.
NESW ^ KALLISTA 'AU TON BASILIKON 'APETELESA$ 'ANDRA
"HMIN, 'W* XENE, KAI TON POLITIKON.


<B FIL>


<P 11A>
SW _ "ORA DH, PRWTARCE, TI=NA LOGON MELLEI$ PARA FILHBOU
DECESQAI NUNI KAI PRO$ TI=NA TON PAR' "HMIN 'AMFISBHTEIN,
<P 11B>
'EA=N MH SOI4 KATA NOUN 'HI-LEGOMENO$. BOULEI SUGKEFALAIWSWMEQA
"EKATERON:
PRW _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ FILHBO$ MEN-TOINUN 'AGAQON 'EINAI FHSI TO CAIREIN
PASI ZWIOI$ KAI THN "HDONHN KAI TERYIN, KAI "OSA TOU* GENOU$
'ESTI TOUTOU SUMFWNA; TO DE PAR' "HMWN 'AMFISBHTHMA 'ESTI
MH TAUTA, 'ALLA= TO FRONEIN KAI TO NOEIN KAI MEMNHSQAI KAI
TA TOUTWN 'AU SUGGENH, DOXAN TE 'ORQHN KAI 'ALHQEI$ LOGISMOU$,
TH$ GE "HDONH$ 'AMEINW KAI LWIW GIGNESQAI SUMPASIN "OSAPER
<P 11C>
'AUTWN DUNATA METALABEIN; DUNATOI$ DE METASCEIN 'WFELIMWTATON
"APANTWN 'EINAI PASI TOI$ 'OUSI TE-KAI 'ESOMENOI$. MWN
'OUC "OUTW PW$ LEGOMEN, 'W* FILHBE, "EKATEROI:
FI _ PANTWN MEN-'OUN MALISTA, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ DECHI0 DH TOUTON TON NU*N DIDOMENON, 'W* PRWTARCE,
LOGON:
PRW _ 'ANAGKH DECESQAI; FILHBO$ GAR "HMIN "O KALO$
'APEIRHKEN0.
SW _ DEI DH PERI= 'AUTWN TROPWI PANTI 'TALHQE$ PHI
PERANQHNAI:
<P 11D>
PRW _ DEI GAR-'OUN.
SW _ 'IQI DH, PRO$ TOUTOI$ DIOMOLOGHSWMEQA KAI TODE.
PRW _ TO POI*ON:
SW _ "W$ NU*N "HMWN "EKATERO$ "EXIN YUCH$ KAI DIAQESIN
'APOFAINEIN TINA 'EPICEIRHSEI2 THN DUNAMENHN 'ANQRWPOI$ PASI
TON BION 'EUDAIMONA PARECEIN. 'A*R' 'OUC "OUTW$:
PRW _ "OUTW MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "UMEI$ MEN THN TOU* CAIREIN, "HMEI$ D' 'AU THN
TOU* FRONEIN:
PRW _ 'ESTI TAUTA.
SW _ TI= D' 'AN2 'ALLH TI$ KREITTWN TOUTWN FANHI: MWN 'OUK,
<P 11E>
'AN2 MEN "HDONHI MALLON FAINHTAI SUGGENH$, "HTTWMEQA0 MEN
'AMFOTEROI TOU* TAUTA 'ECONTO$ BEBAIW$ BIOU, KRATEI0 DE "O TH$


<P 12A>
"HDONH$ TON TH$ FRONHSEW$:
PRW _ NAI.
SW _ 'AN2 DE-GE FRONHSEI, NIKA*I0 MEN FRONHSI$ THN "HDONHN,
"H DE "HTTATAI0: TAUQ' "OUTW$ "OMOLOGOUMENA FATE0, 'H= PW*$:
PRW _ 'EMOI4 GOUN DOKEI0.
SW _ TI= DE FILHBWI: TI= FH=I$:
FI _ 'EMOI4 MEN PANTW$ NIKAN "HDONH DOKEI0 KAI DOXEI2; SU DE,
PRWTARCE, 'AUTO$ GNWSHI2.
PRW _ PARADOU$, 'W* FILHBE, "HMIN TON LOGON 'OUK 'AN4
'ETI KURIO$ 'EIH$ TH$ PRO$ SWKRATH "OMOLOGIA$ 'H=-KAI
'TOUNANTION.
<P 12B>
FI _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$; 'ALLA=-GAR 'AFOSIOUMAI KAI MARTUROMAI
NU*N 'AUTHN THN QEON.
PRW _ KAI "HMEI$ SOI4 TOUTWN GE 'AUTWN SUMMARTURE$ 'AN4
'EIMEN, "W$ TAUTA 'ELEGE$ "A LEGEI$. 'ALLA=-DH TA META TAUTA
"EXH$, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OMW$ KAI META FILHBOU "EKONTO$ 'H= "OPW$
'AN4 'EQELHI5 PEIRWMEQA2 PERAINEIN.
SW _ PEIRATEON, 'AP' 'AUTH$ DH TH$ QEOU, "HN "ODE 'AFRODITHN
MEN LEGESQAI FHSI, TO D' 'ALHQESTATON 'AUTH$ 'ONOMA "HDONHN
'EINAI.
PRW _ 'ORQOTATA.
<P 12C>
SW _ TO D' 'EMON DEO$, 'W* PRWTARCE, 'AEI PRO$ TA TWN QEWN
'ONOMATA 'OUK 'ESTI KAT' 'ANQRWPON, 'ALLA= PERA TOU* MEGISTOU
FOBOU. KAI NU*N THN MEN 'AFRODITHN, "OPHI 'EKEINHI FILON,
TAUTHI PROSAGOREUW0; THN DE "HDONHN 'OIDA "W$ 'ESTI POIKILON,
KAI "OPER 'EIPON, 'AP' 'EKEINH$ "HMA$ 'ARCOMENOU$ 'ENQUMEISQAI DEI
KAI SKOPEIN "HNTINA FUSIN 'ECEI0. 'ESTI GAR, 'AKOUEIN MEN "OUTW$
"APLW$, "EN TI, MORFA$ DE-DHPOU PANTOIA$ 'EILHFE0 KAI TINA
TROPON 'ANOMOIOU$ 'ALLHLAI$. 'IDE GAR; "HDESQAI MEN FAMEN
<P 12D>
TON 'AKOLASTAINONTA 'ANQRWPON, "HDESQAI DE-KAI TON SWFRONOUNTA
'AUTWI TW*I SWFRONEIN; "HDESQAI D' 'AU KAI TON 'ANOHTAINONTA
KAI 'ANOHTWN DOXWN KAI 'ELPIDWN MESTON, "HDESQAI D' 'AU
TON FRONOUNTA 'AUTWI TW*I FRONEIN; KAI TOUTWN TWN "HDONWN
"EKATERA$ PW*$ 'AN4 TI$ "OMOIA$ 'ALLHLAI$ 'EINAI LEGWN 'OUK 'ANOHTO$
FAINOITO 'ENDIKW$:
PRW _ 'EISI MEN-GAR 'AP' 'ENANTIWN, 'W* SWKRATE$, "AUTAI
PRAGMATWN, 'OU-MHN 'AUTAI GE 'ALLHLAI$ 'ENANTIAI. PW*$ GAR
<P 12E>
"HDONHI GE "HDONH MH8 'OUC "OMOIOTATON 'AN4 'EIH, TOUTO 'AUTO "EAUTWI,
PANTWN CRHMATWN:
SW _ KAI-GAR CRWMA, 'W* DAIMONIE, CRWMATI; KATA GE 'AUTO
TOUTO 'OUDEN DIOISEI2 TO CRWMA 'EINAI PAN, TO GE-MHN MELAN
TW*I LEUKWI PANTE$ GIGNWSKOMEN "W$ PRO$ TW*I DIAFORON 'EINAI
KAI 'ENANTIWTATON 'ON TUGCANEI0. KAI-DH-KAI SCHMA SCHMATI
KATA 'TAUTON; GENEI MEN 'ESTI PAN "EN, TA DE MERH TOI$ MERESIN


<P 13A>
'AUTOU4 TA MEN 'ENANTIWTATA 'ALLHLOI$, TA DE DIAFOROTHT' 'ECONTA
MURIAN POU TUGCANEI0, KAI POLLA "E=TERA "OUTW$ 'ECONQ' "EURHSOMEN.
"WSTE TOUTWI GE TW*I LOGWI MH PISTEUE, TW*I PANTA TA
'ENANTIWTATA "EN POIOUNTI. FOBOUMAI DE MH TINA$ "HDONA$
"HDONAI$ "EURHSOMEN 'ENANTIA$.
PRW _ 'ISW$; 'ALLA= TI= TOUQ' "HMWN BLAYEI2 TON LOGON:
SW _ "OTI4 PROSAGOREUEI$ 'AUTA 'ANO=MOIA 'ONTA "ETERWI, FHSOMEN,
'ONOMATI; LEGEI$ GAR 'AGAQA PANT' 'EINAI TA "HDEA. TO
MEN-'OUN MH 'OUCI "HDEA 'EINAI TA "HDEA LOGO$ 'OUDEI$ 'AMFISBHTEI0.
<P 13B>
KAKA D' 'ONTA 'AUTWN TA POLLA KAI 'AGAQA DE, "W$ "HMEI$ FAMEN,
"OMW$ PANTA SU PROSAGOREUEI$ 'AGAQA 'AUTA, "OMOLOGWN 'ANO=MOIA
'EINAI, TW*I LOGWI 'EI TI$ SE PROSANAGKAZOI. TI= 'OUN-DH 'TAUTON
'EN TAI$ KAKAI$ "OMOIW$ KAI 'EN 'AGAQAI$ 'ENON PASA$ "HDONA$
'AGAQON 'EINAI PROSAGOREUEI$:
PRW _ PW*$ LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$: 'OIEI GAR TINA SUGCWRHSESQAI,
QEMENON "HDONHN 'EINAI 'TAGAQON, 'EITA 'ANEXESQAI SOU4
<P 13C>
LEGONTO$ TA$ MEN 'EINAI TINA$ 'AGAQA$ "HDONA$, TA$ DE TINA$
"ETERA$ 'AUTWN KAKA$:
SW _ 'ALL'-'OUN 'ANOMOIOU$ GE FHSEI$ 'AUTA$ 'ALLHLAI$ 'EINAI
KAI TINA$ 'ENANTIA$.
PRW _ 'OUTI KAQ' "OSON GE "HDONAI.
SW _ PALIN 'EI$ TON 'AUTON FEROMEQA LOGON, 'W* PRWTARCE,
'OUD'-'A=RA "HDONHN "HDONH$ DIAFORON, 'ALLA= PASA$ "OMOIA$ 'EINAI
FHSOMEN, KAI TA PARADEIGMATA "HMA$ TA NUNDH LECQENTA
'OUDEN TITRWSKEI0, PEISOMEQA DE-KAI 'EROUMEN2 "APER "OI PANTWN
<P 13D>
FAULOTATOI TE-KAI PERI= LOGOU$ "AMA NEOI.
PRW _ TA POI*A DH LEGEI$:
SW _ "OTI4 SE MIMOUMENO$ 'EGW KAI 'AMUNOMENO$ 'EA=N TOLMW3
LEGEIN "W$ TO 'ANOMOIOTATON 'ESTI TW*I 'ANOMOIOTATWI PANTWN
"OMOIOTATON, "EXW2 TA 'AUTA SOI4 LEGEIN, KAI FANOUMEQA GE
NEWTEROI TOU* DEONTO$, KAI "O LOGO$ "HMIN 'EKPESWN 'OICHSETAI.
PALIN 'OUN 'AUTON 'ANAKROUWMEQA, KAI TAC' 'AN4 'IONTE$ 'EI$ TA$
"OMOIA$ 'ISW$ 'AN4 PW$ 'ALLHLOI$ SUGCWRHSAIMEN.
<P 13E>
PRW _ LEGE PW*$:
SW _ 'EME QE$ "UPO SOU4 PALIN 'ERWTWMENON, 'W* PRWTARCE.
PRW _ TO POI*ON DH:
SW _ FRONHSI$ TE-KAI 'EPISTHMH KAI NOU$ KAI PANQ' "OPOSA
DH KAT' 'ARCA$ 'EGW QEMENO$ 'EIPON 'AGAQA, DIERWTWMENO$ "OTI2
POT' 'ESTIN 'AGAQON, 'A*R' 'OU 'TAUTON PEISONTAI TOUTO "OPER "O SO$
LOGO$:
PRW _ PW*$:
SW _ POLLAI TE "AI SUNAPASAI 'EPISTHMAI DOXOUSIN2 'EINAI
KAI 'ANOMOIOI TINE$ 'AUTWN 'ALLHLAI$; 'EI DE-KAI 'ENANTIAI PHI


<P 14A>
GIGNONTAI TINE$, 'A*RA 'AXIO$ 'AN4 'EIHN TOU* DIALEGESQAI NU*N, 'EI
FOBHQEI$ TOUTO 'AUTO MHDEMIAN 'ANOMOION FAIHN 'EPISTHMHN
'EPISTHMHI GIGNESQAI, 'KAPEIQ' "HMIN "OUTW$ "O LOGO$ "WSPER
MUQO$ 'APOLOMENO$ 'OICOITO, 'AUTOI DE SWIZOIMEQA 'EPI TINO$
'ALOGIA$:
PRW _ 'ALL'-'OU-MHN DEI TOUTO GENESQAI, PLHN TOU* SWQHNAI.
TO GE-MHN MOI 'ISON TOU* SOU2 TE-KAI 'EMOU2 LOGOU 'ARESKEI0;
POLLAI MEN "HDONAI KAI 'ANOMOIOI GIGNESQWN, POLLAI DE
'EPISTHMAI KAI DIAFOROI.
<P 14B>
SW _ THN TOINUN DIAFOROTHTA, 'W* PRWTARCE, TOU*8 'AGAQOU8
TOU* T' 'EMOU42 KAI TOU* SOU42 MH 'APOKRUPTOMENOI, KATATIQENTE$ DE
'EI$ TO MESON, TOLMWMEN2, 'AN2 PHI 'ELEGCOMENOI MHNUSWSI POTERON
"HDONHN 'TAGAQON DEI LEGEIN 'H= FRONHSIN 'H= TI TRITON 'ALLO 'EINAI.
NU*N GAR 'OU DHPOU PRO$ GE 'AUTO TOUTO FILONIKOUMEN, "OPW$
"AGW TIQEMAI, TAUT' 'ESTAI TA NIKWNTA, 'H= TAUQ' "A SU, TW*I D'
'ALHQESTATWI DEI POU SUMMACEIN "HMA$ 'AMFW.
PRW _ DEI GAR-'OUN.
<P 14C>
SW _ TOUTON TOINUN TON LOGON 'ETI MALLON DI' "OMOLOGIA$
BEBAIWSWMEQA.
PRW _ TON POI*ON DH:
SW _ TON PASI PARECONTA 'ANQRWPOI$ PRAGMATA "EKOUSI TE-KAI
'AKOUSIN 'ENIOI$ KAI 'ENIOTE.
PRW _ LEGE SAFESTERON.
SW _ TON NUNDH PARAPESONTA LEGW0, FUSEI PW$ PEFUKOTA
QAUMASTON. "EN GAR-DH TA POLLA 'EINAI KAI TO "EN POLLA
QAUMASTON LECQEN, KAI "RA\DION 'AMFISBHTHSAI0 TW*I TOUTWN
"OPOTERONOUN TIQEMENWI.
PRW _ 'A*R'-'OUN LEGEI$ "OTAN TI$ 'EME FHI PRWTARCON "ENA
<P 14D>
GEGONOTA FUSEI POLLOU$ 'EINAI PALIN TOU$ 'EME KAI 'ENANTIOU$
'ALLHLOI$, MEGAN KAI SMIKRON TIQEMENO$ KAI BARUN KAI KOUFON
TON 'AUTON KAI 'A=LLA MURIA:
SW _ SU MEN, 'W* PRWTARCE, 'EIRHKA$ TA DEDHMEUMENA TWN
QAUMASTWN PERI= TO "EN KAI POLLA, SUGKECWRHMENA DE "W$ 'EPO$
'EIPEIN "UPO PANTWN 'HDH MH DEIN TWN TOIOUTWN "APTESQAI,
PAIDARIWDH KAI "RA&DIA KAI SFO=DRA TOI$ LOGOI$ 'EMPODIA
"UPOLAMBANONTWN0 GIGNESQAI, 'EPEI MHDE TA TOIADE, "OTAN TI$
<P 14E>
"EKASTOU TA MELH TE-KAI "AMA MERH DIELWN TW*I LOGWI, PANTA
TAUTA TO "EN 'EKEINO 'EINAI DIOMOLOGHSAMENO$, 'ELEGCHI5 KATAGELWN
"OTI4 TERATA DIHNAGKASTAI FANAI0, TO TE "EN "W$ POLLA 'ESTI
KAI 'APEIRA, KAI TA POLLA "W$ "EN MONON.
PRW _ SU DE-DH POI*A, 'W* SWKRATE$, "E=TERA LEGEI$, "A MHPW
SUGKECWRHMENA DEDHMEUTAI PERI= TON 'AUTON TOUTON LOGON:


<P 15A>
SW _ "OPOTAN, 'W* PAI, TO "EN MH TWN GIGNOMENWN TE-KAI
'APOLLUMENWN TI$ TIQHTAI, KAQAPER 'ARTIW$ "HMEI$ 'EIPOMEN.
'ENTAUQOI MEN-GAR-KAI TO TOIOUTON "EN, "OPER 'EIPOMEN NUNDH,
SUGKECWRHTAI TO MH DEIN 'ELEGCEIN; "OTAN DE TI$ "ENA 'ANQRWPON
'EPICEIRHI3 TIQESQAI KAI BOUN "ENA KAI TO KALON "EN KAI TO 'AGAQON
"EN, PERI= TOUTWN TWN "ENADWN KAI TWN TOIOUTWN "H POLLH
SPOUDH META DIAIRESEW$ 'AMFISBHTHSI$ GIGNETAI.
PRW _ PW*$:
<P 15B>
SW _ PRWTON MEN 'EI TINA$ DEI TOIAUTA$ 'EINAI MONADA$
"UPOLAMBANEIN 'ALHQW$ 'OUSA$; 'EITA PW*$ 'AU TAUTA$, MIAN
"EKASTHN 'OUSAN 'AEI THN 'AUTHN KAI-MHTE GENESIN MHTE 'OLEQRON
PROSDECOMENHN, "OMW$ 'EINAI BEBAIOTATA MIAN TAUTHN: META
DE TOUT' 'EN TOI$ GIGNOMENOI$ 'AU KAI 'APEIROI$ 'EITE DIESPASMENHN
KAI POLLA GEGONUIAN QETEON, 'EI=Q' "OLHN 'AUTHN "AUTH$
CWRI$, "O= DH PANTWN 'ADUNATWTATON FAINOIT' 'AN4, 'TAUTON KAI
"EN "AMA 'EN "ENI TE-KAI POLLOI$ GIGNESQAI. TAUT' 'ESTI TA
<P 15C>
PERI= TA TOIAUTA "EN KAI POLLA, 'ALL' 'OUK 'EKEINA, 'W* PRWTARCE,
"APASH$ 'APORIA$ 'AITIA MH KALW$ "OMOLOGHQENTA KAI 'EUPORIA$
'AN83 'AU KALW$.
PRW _ 'OUKOU*N CRH TOUQ' "HMA$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EN TW*I NU*N
PRWTON DIAPONHSASQAI:
SW _ "W$ GOUN 'EGW FAIHN 'AN4.
PRW _ KAI PANTA$ TOINUN "HMA$ "UPOLABE SUGCWREIN SOI4
TOUSDE TA TOIAUTA; FILHBON D' 'ISW$ KRATISTON 'EN TW*I NU*N
'EPERWTWNTA MH KINEIN 'EU KEIMENON.
<P 15D>
SW _ 'EIEN; PO=QEN 'OUN TI$ TAUTH$ 'ARXHTAI POLLH$ 'OUSH$
KAI PANTOIA$ PERI= TA 'AMFISBHTOUMENA MACH$: 'A*R' 'ENQENDE:
PRW _ PO=QEN:
SW _ FAMEN POU 'TAUTON "EN KAI POLLA "UPO LOGWN GIGNOMENA
PERITRECEIN PANTHI KAQ' "EKASTON TWN LEGOMENWN 'AEI,
KAI PALAI KAI NU*N. KAI TOUTO 'OUTE MH PAUSHTAI POTE 'OUTE
'HRXATO NU*N, 'ALL' 'ESTI TO TOIOUTON, "W$ 'EMOI4 FAINETAI, TWN
LOGWN 'AUTWN 'AQANATON TI KAI 'AGHRWN PAQO$ 'EN "HMIN; "O DE
PRWTON 'AUTOU4 GEUSAMENO$ "EKASTOTE TWN NEWN, "HSQEI$ "W$
<P 15E>
TINA SOFIA$ "HURHKW$ QHSAURON, "UF' "HDONH$ 'ENQOUSIA*I0 TE-KAI
PANTA KINEI0 LOGON "ASMENO$, TOTE= MEN 'EPI QATERA KUKLWN KAI
SUMFURWN 'EI$ "EN, TOTE= DE PALIN 'ANEILITTWN KAI DIAMERIZWN,
'EI$ 'APORIAN "AUTON MEN PRWTON KAI MALISTA KATABALLWN,
DEUTERON D' 'AEI TON 'ECOMENON, 'ANTE NEWTERO$ 'ANTE PRESBUTERO$
'ANTE "HLIX 'WN TUGCANHI5, FEIDOMENO$ 'OUTE PATRO$ 'OUTE MHTRO$


<P 16A>
'OUTE 'ALLOU TWN 'AKOUONTWN0 'OUDENO$, 'OLIGOU DE-KAI TWN 'ALLWN
ZWIWN, 'OU MONON TWN 'ANQRWPWN, 'EPEI BARBARWN GE 'OUDENO$
'AN4 FEISAITO, 'EIPER MONON "ERMHNEA POQEN 'ECOI.
PRW _ 'A*R', 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUC "ORA*I$0 "HMWN TO PLHQO$, "OTI4
NEOI PANTE$ 'ESMEN, KAI 'OU FOBHI0 MH SOI4 META FILHBOU
SUNEPIQWMEQA, 'EA=N "HMA$ LOIDORHI$: "OMW$ DE MANQANOMEN GAR
"O= LEGEI$, 'EI TI$ TROPO$ 'ESTI KAI MHCANH THN MEN TOIAUTHN
TARACHN "HMIN 'EXW TOU* LOGOU 'EUMENW$ PW$ 'APELQEIN, "ODON DE
<P 16B>
TINA KALLIW TAUTH$ 'EPI TON LOGON 'ANEUREIN, SU TE PROQUMOU
TOUTO KAI "HMEI$ SUNAKOLOUQHSOMEN 'EI$ DUNAMIN; 'OU-GAR
SMIKRO$ "O PARWN LOGO$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'OU-GAR-'OUN, 'W* PAIDE$, "W$ FHSIN "UMA$ PROSAGOREUWN
FILHBO$. 'OU-MHN 'ESTI KALLIWN "ODO$ 'OUD' 'AN4 GENOITO
"H$ 'EGW 'ERASTH$ MEN 'EIMI 'AEI, POLLAKI$ DE ME 'HDH DIAFUGOUSA
'ERHMON KAI 'APORON KATESTHSEN.
PRW _ TI=$ "AUTH: LEGESQW MONON.
<P 16C>
SW _ "HN DHLWSAI0 MEN 'OU PANU CALEPON, CRHSQAI DE
PAGCALEPON; PANTA GAR "OSA TECNH$ 'ECOMENA 'ANHUREQH
PWPOTE DIA= TAUTH$ FANERA GEGONE0. SKOPEI5 DE "HN LEGW0.
PRW _ LEGE MONON.
SW _ QEWN MEN 'EI$ 'ANQRWPOU$ DOSI$, "W$ GE KATAFAINETAI
'EMOI4, POQEN 'EK QEWN 'ERRIFH DIA= TINO$ PROMHQEW$ "AMA
FANOTATWI TINI PURI; KAI "OI MEN PALAIOI, KREITTONE$ "HMWN
KAI 'EGGUTERW QEWN 'OIKOUNTE$, TAUTHN FHMHN PAREDOSAN,
"W$ 'EX "ENO$ MEN-KAI POLLWN 'ONTWN0 TWN 'AEI LEGOMENWN 'EINAI,
PERA$ DE-KAI 'APEIRIAN 'EN "AUTOI$ SUMFUTON 'ECONTWN0. DEIN
<P 16D>
'OUN "HMA$ TOUTWN "OUTW DIAKEKOSMHMENWN 'AEI MIAN 'IDEAN PERI=
PANTO$ "EKASTOTE QEMENOU$ ZHTEIN % "EURHSEIN GAR 'ENOUSAN %
'EA=N 'OUN METALABWMEN, META MIAN DUO, 'EI PW$ 'EISI, SKOPEIN,
'EI DE MH, TREI$ 'H= TINA 'ALLON 'ARIQMON, KAI TWN "EN 'EKEINWN
"EKASTON PALIN "WSAUTW$, MECRIPER 'AN4 TO KAT' 'ARCA$ "EN MH
"OTI "EN KAI POLLA KAI 'APEIRA 'ESTI MONON 'IDHI6 TI$, 'ALLA=-KAI
"OPOSA; THN DE TOU* 'APEIROU 'IDEAN PRO$ TO PLHQO$ MH PROSFEREIN
PRIN 'AN4 TI$ TON 'ARIQMON 'AUTOU4 PANTA KATIDHI6 TON
<P 16E>
METAXU TOU* 'APEIROU TE-KAI TOU* "ENO$, TO=TE D' 'HDH TO "EN
"EKASTON TWN PANTWN 'EI$ TO 'APEIRON MEQENTA CAIREIN 'EA*N.
"OI MEN-'OUN QEOI, "OPER 'EIPON, "OUTW$ "HMIN PAREDOSAN SKOPEIN
KAI MANQANEIN KAI DIDASKEIN 'ALLHLOU$; "OI DE NU*N TWN 'ANQRWPWN


<P 17A>
SOFOI "EN MEN, "OPW$ 'AN4 TUCWSI, KAI POLLA QATTON
KAI BRADUTERON POIOUSI0 TOU* DEONTO$, META DE TO "EN 'APEIRA
'EUQU$, TA DE MESA 'AUTOU$ 'EKFEUGEI0 % "OI$ DIAKECWRISTAI TO TE
DIALEKTIKW$ PALIN KAI TO 'ERISTIKW$ "HMA$ POIEISQAI PRO$
'ALLHLOU$ TOU$ LOGOU$.
PRW _ TA MEN PW$, 'W* SWKRATE$, DOKW0 SOU4 MANQANEIN,
TA DE 'ETI SAFESTERON DEOMAI "A LEGEI$ 'AKOUSAI0.
SW _ SAFE$ MHN, 'W* PRWTARCE, 'ESTIN 'EN TOI$ GRAMMASIN
"O= LEGW0, KAI LAMBAN' 'AUTO 'EN TOUTOI$ "OISPER KAI
<P 17B>
PEPAIDEUSAI.
PRW _ PW*$:
SW _ FWNH MEN "HMIN 'ESTI POU MIA DIA= TOU* STOMATO$
'IOUSA, KAI 'APEIRO$ 'AU PLHQEI, PANTWN TE-KAI "EKASTOU.
PRW _ TI= MHN:
SW _ KAI 'OUDEN "ETERWI GE TOUTWN 'ESMEN PW SOFOI, 'OUTE
"OTI4 TO 'APEIRON 'AUTH$ 'ISMEN 'OUQ' "OTI4 TO "EN; 'ALL' "OTI4 PO=SA
T' 'ESTI KAI "OPOI*A, TOUTO 'ESTI TO GRAMMATIKON "EKASTON
POIOUN "HMWN.
PRW _ 'ALHQESTATA.
SW _ KAI-MHN-KAI TO MOUSIKON "O= TUGCANEI0 POIOUN, TOUT'
'ESTI 'TAUTON.
PRW _ PW*$.
<P 17C>
SW _ FWNH MEN-POU-KAI TO KAT' 'EKEINHN THN TECNHN 'ESTI
MIA 'EN 'AUTHI.
PRW _ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
SW _ DUO DE QWMEN BARU KAI 'OXU, KAI TRITON "OMOTONON.
'H= PW*$:
PRW _ "OUTW$.
SW _ 'ALL' 'OUPW SOFO$ 'AN4 'EIH$ THN MOUSIKHN 'EIDW$
TAUTA MONA, MH-DE 'EIDW$ "W$ G' 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN 'EI$ TAUTA
'OUDENO$ 'AXIO$ 'ESHI.
PRW _ 'OU-GAR-'OUN.
SW _ 'ALL', 'W* FILE, 'EPEIDAN LABHI$ TA DIASTHMATA "OPOSA
'ESTI TON 'ARIQMON TH$ FWNH$ 'OXUTHTO$ TE PE=RI KAI BARUTHTO$,
<P 17D>
KAI "OPOI*A, KAI TOU$ "OROU$ TWN DIASTHMATWN, KAI TA 'EK TOUTWN
"OSA SUSTHMATA GEGONEN0 % "A KATIDONTE$ "OI PROSQEN PAREDOSAN
"HMIN TOI$ "EPOMENOI$ 'EKEINOI$ KALEIN0 'AUTA "ARMONIA$,
'EN TE TAI$ KINHSESIN 'AU TOU* SWMATO$ "ETERA TOIAUTA 'ENONTA
PAQH GIGNOMENA, "A DH DI' 'ARIQMWN METRHQENTA DEIN 'AU FASI0
"RUQMOU$ KAI METRA 'EPONOMAZEIN, KAI "AMA 'ENNOEIN "W$ "OUTW
DEI PERI= PANTO$ "ENO$ KAI POLLWN SKOPEIN % "OTAN GAR 'AUTA
<P 17E>
TE LABHI$ "OUTW, TO=TE 'EGENOU SOFO$, "OTAN TE 'ALLO TWN "EN
"OTIOUN TAUTHI SKOPOUMENO$ "ELHI$, "OUTW$ 'EMFRWN PERI= TOUTO
GEGONA$; TO D' 'APEIRON SE "EKASTWN KAI 'EN "EKASTOI$ PLHQO$
'APEIRON "EKASTOTE POIEI0 TOU* FRONEIN KAI 'OUK 'ELLOGIMON 'OUD'
'ENARIQMON, "AT' 'OUK 'EI$ 'ARIQMON 'OUDENA 'EN 'OUDENI PWPOTE
'APIDONTA.
PRW _ KALLISTA, 'W* FILHBE, 'EMOIGE TA NU*N LEGOMENA
'EIRHKENAI FAINETAI SWKRATH$.


<P 18A>
FI _ 'KAMOI4 TAUTA GE 'AUTA; 'ALLA= TI= DH POTE PRO$ "HMA$ "O
LOGO$ "OUTO$ NU*N 'EIRHTAI KAI TI= POTE BOULOMENO$:
SW _ 'ORQW$ MENTOI TOUQ' "HMA$, 'W* PRWTARCE, 'HRWTHKE0
FILHBO$.
PRW _ PANU MEN-'OUN, KAI 'APOKRINOU GE 'AUTWI.
SW _ DRASW2 TAUTA DIELQWN SMIKRON 'ETI PERI= 'AUTWN TOUTWN;
"WSPER GAR "EN "OTIOUN 'EI TI$ POTE LABOI, TOUTON, "W$
FAMEN, 'OUK 'EP' 'APEIROU FUSIN DEI BLEPEIN 'EUQU$ 'ALL' 'EPI
TINA 'ARIQMON, "OUTW KAI TO 'ENANTION "OTAN TI$ TO 'APEIRON
<P 18B>
'ANAGKASQHI PRWTON LAMBANEIN, MH 'EPI TO "EN 'EUQU$, 'ALL' 'EP'8
'ARIQMON 'AU TINA PLHQO$ "EKASTON 'ECONTA TI KATANOEIN, TELEUTAN
TE 'EK PANTWN 'EI$ "EN. PALIN DE 'EN TOI$ GRAMMASI TO
NU*N LEGOMENON LABWMEN.
PRW _ PW*$:
SW _ 'EPEIDH FWNHN 'APEIRON KATENOHSEN 'EITE TI$ QEO$
'EITE-KAI QEIO$ 'ANQRWPO$ % "W$ LOGO$ 'EN 'AIGUPTWI QEUQ TINA
TOUTON GENESQAI LEGWN, "O$ PRWTO$ TA FWNHENTA 'EN TW*I
'APEIRWI KATENOHSEN 'OUC "EN 'ONTA 'ALLA= PLEIW, KAI PALIN
<P 18C>
"E=TERA FWNH$ MEN 'OU=, FQOGGOU DE METECONTA TINO$, 'ARIQMON
DE TINA KAI TOUTWN 'EINAI, TRITON DE 'EIDO$ GRAMMATWN DIESTHSATO
TA NU*N LEGOMENA 'AFWNA "HMIN; TO META TOUTO DIHIREI
TA TE 'AFQOGGA KAI 'AFWNA MECRI "ENO$ "EKASTOU, KAI TA FWNHENTA
KAI TA MESA KATA TON 'AUTON TROPON, "EW$ 'ARIQMON 'AUTWN
LABWN "ENI TE "EKASTWI KAI SUMPASI STOICEION 'EPWNOMASE;
KAQORWN DE "W$ 'OUDEI$ "HMWN 'OUD' 'AN4 "EN 'AUTO KAQ' "AUTO 'ANEU
PANTWN 'AUTWN MAQOI, TOUTON TON DESMON 'AU LOGISAMENO$ "W$
<P 18D>
'ONTA "ENA KAI PANTA TAUTA "EN PW$ POIOUNTA MIAN 'EP' 'AUTOI$
"W$ 'OUSAN GRAMMATIKHN TECNHN 'EPEFQEGXATO PROSEIPWN.
FI _ TAUT' 'ETI SAFESTERON 'EKEINWN 'AUTA GE PRO$ 'ALLHLA,
'W* PRWTARCE, 'EMAQON; TO D' 'AUTO MOI TOU* LOGOU NU*N TE-KAI
SMIKRON 'EMPROSQEN 'ELLEIPETAI.
SW _ MWN, 'W* FILHBE, TO TI= PRO$ 'EPO$ 'AU TAUT' 'ESTIN:
FI _ NAI, TOUT' 'ESTIN "O= PALAI ZHTOUMEN 'EGW TE-KAI
PRWTARCO$.
SW _ 'H*-MHN 'EP' 'AUTWI GE 'HDH GEGONOTE$ ZHTEITE0, "W$ FH=I$,
<P 18E>
PALAI.
FI _ PW*$:
SW _ 'A*R' 'OU PERI= FRONHSEW$ 'H*N KAI "HDONH$ "HMIN 'EX
'ARCH$ "O LOGO$, "OPOTERON 'AUTOIN "AIRETEON:
FI _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ KAI-MHN "EN GE "EKATERON 'AUTOIN 'EINAI FAMEN.
FI _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ TOUT' 'AUTO TOINUN "HMA$ "O PROSQEN LOGO$ 'APAITEI0,
PW*$ 'ESTIN "EN KAI POLLA 'AUTWN "EKATERON, KAI PW*$ MH 'APEIRA


<P 19A>
'EUQU$, 'ALLA= TINA POTE 'ARIQMON "EKATERON 'EMPROSQEN KEKTHTAI
TOU* 'APEIRA 'AUTWN "EKASTA GEGONENAI:
PRW _ 'OUK 'EI$ FAULON GE 'ERWTHMA, 'W* FILHBE, 'OUK 'OID'
"ONTINA TROPON KUKLWI PW$ PERIAGAGWN "HMA$ 'EMBEBLHKE0
SWKRATH$. KAI SKOPEI5 DH POTERO$ "HMWN 'APOKRINEITAI TO
NU*N 'ERWTWMENON. 'ISW$ DH GELOION TO 'EME TOU* LOGOU DIADOCON
PANTELW$ "UPOSTANTA DIA= TO MH DUNASQAI TO NU*N
'ERWTHQEN 'APOKRINASQAI SOI4 PALIN TOUTO PROSTATTEIN; GELOIOTERON
<P 19B>
D' 'OIMAI POLU TO MHDETERON "HMWN DUNASQAI. SKOPEI5
DH TI= DRASOMEN. 'EIDH GAR MOI DOKEI0 NU*N 'ERWTAN "HDONH$
"HMA$ SWKRATH$ 'EITE 'ESTIN 'EITE MH, KAI "OPOSA 'ESTI KAI "OPOI*A;
TH$ T' 'AU FRONHSEW$ PE=RI KATA 'TAUTA "WSAUTW$.
SW _ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$, 'W* PAI KALLIOU; MH-GAR DUNAMENOI
TOUTO KATA PANTO$ "ENO$ KAI "OMOIOU KAI 'TAUTOU DRAN
KAI TOU* 'ENANTIOU, "W$ "O PARELQWN LOGO$ 'EMHNUSEN, 'OUDEI$ 'EI$
'OUDEN 'OUDENO$ 'AN4 "HMWN 'OUDEPOTE GENOITO 'AXIO$.
<P 19C>
PRW _ SCEDON 'EOIKEN0 "OUTW$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ECEIN. 'ALLA=
KALON MEN TO SUMPANTA GIGNWSKEIN TW*I SWFRONI, DEUTERO$
D' 'EINAI PLOU$ DOKEI0 MH LANQANEIN 'AUTON "AUTON. TI= DH MOI
TOUTO 'EIRHTAI TA NU*N: 'EGW SOI4 FRASW2. SU THNDE "HMIN THN
SUNOUSIAN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EPEDWKA$ PASI KAI SEAUTON PRO$
TO DIELESQAI TI= TWN 'ANQRWPINWN KTHMATWN 'ARISTON. FILHBOU
GAR 'EIPONTO$ "HDONHN KAI TERYIN KAI CARAN KAI PANQ'
"OPOSA TOIAUT' 'ESTI, SU PRO$ 'AUTA 'ANTEIPE$ "W$ 'OU TAUTA
<P 19D>
'ALL' 'EKEINA 'ESTIN "A POLLAKI$ "HMA$-'AUTOU$ 'ANAMIMNHISKOMEN
"EKONTE$, 'ORQW$ DRWNTE$, "IN' 'EN MNHMHI PARAKEIMENA "EKA=TERA
BASANIZHTAI. FH=I$ D', "W$ 'EOIKE0, SU TO PROSRHQHSOMENON
'ORQW$ 'AMEINON "HDONH$ GE 'AGAQON 'EINAI NOUN, 'EPISTHMHN,
SUNESIN, TECNHN KAI PANTA 'AU TA TOUTWN SUGGENH, "A7 KTASQAI
DEIN 'ALL' 'OUCI 'EKEINA. TOUTWN DH MET' 'AMFISBHTHSEW$
"EKATERWN LECQENTWN5 "HMEI$ SOI4 META PAIDIA$ 'HPEILHSAMEN
<P 19E>
"W$ 'OUK 'AFHSOMEN 'OIKADE SE PRIN 'AN4 TOUTWN TWN LOGWN
PERA$ "IKANON GENHTAI TI DIORISQENTWN5, SU DE SUNECWRHSA$ KAI
'EDWKA$ 'EI$ TAUQ' "HMIN SAUTON, "HMEI$ DE-DH LEGOMEN, KAQAPER
"OI PAIDE$, "OTI4 TWN 'ORQW$ DOQENTWN5 'AFAIRESI$ 'OUK 'ESTI; PAUSAI2
DH TON TROPON "HMIN 'APANTWN TOUTON 'EPI TA NU*N LEGOMENA.
SW _ TI=NA LEGEI$:


<P 20A>
PRW _ 'EI$ 'APORIAN 'EMBALLWN KAI 'ANERWTWN "WN MH DUNAIMEQ'
'AN4 "IKANHN 'APOKRISIN 'EN TW*I PARONTI DIDONAI SOI4. MH-GAR
'OIWMEQA TELO$ "HMIN 'EINAI TWN NU*N THN PANTWN "HMWN
'APORIAN, 'ALL' 'EI DRAN TOUQ' "HMEI$ 'ADUNATOUMEN, SOI4 DRASTEON;
"UPESCOU GAR. BOULEUOU DH PRO$ TAUTA 'AUTO$ POTERON "HDONH$
'EIDH SOI4 KAI 'EPISTHMH$ DIAIRETEON 'H=-KAI 'EATEON, 'EI PHI KAQ'
"ETERON TINA TROPON "OIO$-T'-'EI* KAI BOULEI DHLWSAI0 PW$ 'ALLW$
TA NU*N 'AMFISBHTOUMENA PAR' "HMIN.
<P 20B>
SW _ DEINON MEN-TOINUN 'ETI PROSDOKAN 'OUDEN DEI TON 'EME,
'EPEIDH TOUQ' "OUTW$ 'EIPE$; TO GAR 'EI BOULEI "RHQEN LUEI0 PANTA
FOBON "EKASTWN PE=RI. PRO$ DE 'AU TOI$ MNHMHN TINA DOKEI0
TI$ MOI DEDWKENAI QEWN "HMIN.
PRW _ PW*$ DH-KAI TI=NWN:
SW _ LOGWN POTE TINWN PALAI 'AKOUSA$ 'ONAR 'H=-KAI
'EGRHGORW$ NU*N 'ENNOW0 PERI= TE "HDONH$ KAI FRONHSEW$, "W$
'OUDETERON 'AUTOIN 'ESTI 'TAGAQON, 'ALLA= 'ALLO TI TRITON, "ETERON
MEN TOUTWN, 'AMEINON DE 'AMFOIN. KAITOI TOUTO GE 'AN2 'ENARGW$
<P 20C>
"HMIN FANHI NU*N 'APHLLAKTAI MEN "HDONH TOU* NIKAN; TO
GAR 'AGAQON 'OUK 'AN4 'ETI 'TAUTON 'AUTHI GIGNOITO. 'H= PW*$:
PRW _ "OUTW$.
SW _ TWN DE-GE 'EI$ THN DIAIRESIN 'EIDWN "HDONH$ 'OUDEN 'ETI
PROSDEHSOMEQA KAT' 'EMHN DOXAN. PROION D' 'ETI SAFESTERON
DEIXEI2.
PRW _ KALLIST' 'EIPWN "OUTW KAI DIAPERAINE.
SW _ MIKR' 'ATTA TOINUN 'EMPROSQEN 'ETI DIOMOLOGHSWMEQA.
PRW _ TA POI*A:
<P 20D>
SW _ THN 'TAGAQOU MOIRAN POTERON 'ANAGKH TELEON 'H= MH
TELEON 'EINAI:
PRW _ PANTWN DHPOU TELEWTATON, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ TI= DE: "IKANON 'TAGAQON:
PRW _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=: KAI PANTWN GE 'EI$ TOUTO DIAFEREIN
TWN 'ONTWN0.
SW _ TODE GE-MHN, "W$ 'OIMAI, PERI= 'AUTOU4 'ANAGKAIOTATON
'EINAI LEGEIN, "W$ PAN TO GIGNWSKON 'AUTO QHREUEI0 KAI 'EFIETAI
BOULOMENON "ELEIN KAI PERI= "AUTO KTHSASQAI, KAI TWN 'ALLWN
'OUDEN FRONTIZEI0 PLHN TWN 'APOTELOUMENWN0 "AMA 'AGAQOI$.
PRW _ 'OUK 'ESTI2 TOUTOI$ 'ANTEIPEIN.
<P 20E>
SW _ SKOPWMEN DH-KAI KRINWMEN TON TE "HDONH$ KAI TON
FRONHSEW$ BION 'IDONTE$ CWRI$.
PRW _ PW*$ 'EIPE$:
SW _ MHTE 'EN TW*I TH$ "HDONH$ 'ENESTW FRONHSI$ MHT' 'EN
TW*I TH$ FRONHSEW$ "HDONH. DEI GAR, 'EIPER POTERON 'AUTWN
'EST' 'AGAQON, MHDEN MHDENO$ 'ETI PROSDEISQAI; DEOMENON D'


<P 21A>
'AN2 FANHI POTERON, 'OUK 'ESTI POU TOUT' 'ETI TO 'ONTW$ "HMIN
'AGAQON.
PRW _ PW*$ GAR 'AN4:
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EN SOI4 PEIRWMEQA2 BASANIZONTE$ TAUTA:
PRW _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'APOKRINOU DH.
PRW _ LEGE.
SW _ DEXAI' 'AN4, PRWTARCE, SU ZHN TON BION "APANTA
"HDOMENO$ "HDONA$ TA$ MEGISTA$:
PRW _ TI= D' 'OU=:
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN 'ETI TINO$ 'AN4 SOI4 PROSDEIN "HGOIO, 'EI TOUT'
'ECEI$ PANTELW$:
PRW _ 'OUDAMW$.
SW _ "ORA DH, TOU* FRONEIN KAI TOU* NOEIN KAI LOGIZESQAI
<P 21B>
TA DEONTA KAI "OSA TOUTWN 'ADELFA, MWN MH DEOI' 'AN4 TI:
PRW _ KAI TI=: PANTA GAR 'ECOIM' 'AN4 POU TO CAIREIN 'ECWN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "OUTW ZWN 'AEI MEN DIA= BIOU TAI$ MEGISTAI$
"HDONAI$ CAIROI$ 'AN4:
PRW _ TI= D' 'OU=:
SW _ NOUN DE-GE-KAI MNHMHN KAI 'EPISTHMHN KAI DOXAN
MH KEKTHMENO$ 'ALHQH, PRWTON MEN TOUTO 'AUTO, 'EI CAIREI$ 'H=
MH CAIREI$, 'ANAGKH DHPOU SE 'AGNOEIN, KENON GE 'ONTA PASH$
FRONHSEW$:
PRW _ 'ANAGKH.
<P 21C>
SW _ KAI-MHN "WSAUTW$ MNHMHN MH KEKTHMENON 'ANAGKH
DHPOU-MHD' "OTI4 POTE 'ECAIRE$ MEMNHSQAI, TH$ T' 'EN TW*I PARACRHMA
"HDONH$ PROSPIPTOUSH$ MHD' "HNTINOUN MNHMHN "UPOMENEIN0;
DOXAN D' 'AU MH KEKTHMENON 'ALHQH MH DOXAZEIN CAIREIN
CAIRONTA, LOGISMOU DE STEROMENON MHD' 'EI$ TON 'EPEITA CRONON
"W$ CAIRHSEI$ DUNATON 'EINAI LOGIZESQAI, ZHN DE 'OUK
'ANQRWPOU BION, 'ALLA= TINO$ PLEUMONO$ 'H= TWN "OSA QALA=TTIA
MET' 'OSTREINWN 'EMYUCA 'ESTI SWMATWN. 'ESTI TAUTA, 'H= PARA
<P 21D>
TAUTA 'ECOMEN 'A=LLA DIANOHQHNAI:
PRW _ KAI PW*$:
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN "AIRETO$ "HMIN BIO$ "O TOIOUTO$:
PRW _ 'EI$ 'AFASIAN PANTAPASI ME, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OUTO$ "O
LOGO$ 'EMBEBLHKE0 TA NU*N.
SW _ MHPW TOINUN MALQAKIZWMEQA, TON DE TOU* NOU
METALABONTE$ 'AU BION 'IDWMEN.
PRW _ TON POI*ON DH LEGEI$:
SW _ 'EI TI$ DEXAIT' 'AN4 'AU ZHN "HMWN FRONHSIN MEN-KAI
NOUN KAI 'EPISTHMHN KAI MNHMHN PASAN PANTWN KEKTHMENO$,
<P 21E>
"HDONH$ DE METECWN MHTE MEGA MHTE SMIKRON, MHD' 'AU LUPH$,
'ALLA= TO PARAPAN 'APAQH$ PANTWN TWN TOIOUTWN.
PRW _ 'OUDETERO$ "O BIO$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EMOIGE TOUTWN
"AIRETO$, 'OUD' 'ALLWI MH POTE, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, FANHI.


<P 22A>
SW _ TI= D' "O SUNAMFOTERO$, 'W* PRWTARCE, 'EX 'AMFOIN
SUMMEICQEI$ KOINO$ GENOMENO$:
PRW _ "HDONH$ LEGEI$ KAI NOU KAI FRONHSEW$:
SW _ "OUTW KAI TWN TOIOUTWN LEGW80 'EGWGE.
PRW _ PA$ DHPOU TOUTON GE "AIRHSETAI PROTERON 'H= 'KEINWN
"OPOTERONOUN, KAI PRO$ TOUTOI$ GE8 'OUC "O MEN, "O D' 'OU=.
SW _ MANQANOMEN 'OUN "OTI2 NU*N "HMIN 'ESTI TO SUMBAINON
'EN TOI$ PAROUSI LOGOI$:
PRW _ PANU MEN-'OUN, "OTI4 GE TREI$ MEN BIOI PROUTEQHSAN,
<P 22B>
TOIN DUOIN D' 'OUDETERO$ "IKANO$ 'OUDE "AIRETO$ 'OUTE 'ANQRWPWN
'OUTE ZWIWN 'OUDENI.
SW _ MWN 'OUN 'OUK 'HDH TOUTWN GE PE=RI DHLON "W$ 'OUDETERO$
'AUTOIN 'EICE 'TAGAQON: 'H*N GAR 'AN4 "IKANO$ KAI TELEO$
KAI PASI FUTOI$ KAI ZWIOI$ "AIRETO$, "OISPER DUNATON 'H*N "OUTW$
'AEI DIA= BIOU ZHN; 'EI DE TI$ 'A=LLA "HIREIQ' "HMWN, PARA FUSIN
'AN4 THN TOU* 'ALHQW$ "AIRETOU 'ELAMBANEN 'AKWN 'EX 'AGNOIA$ 'H=
TINO$ 'ANAGKH$ 'OUK 'EUDAIMONO$.
PRW _ 'EOIKE0 GOUN TAUQ' "OUTW$ 'ECEIN.
<P 22C>
SW _ "W$ MEN-TOINUN THN GE FILHBOU QEON 'OU DEI DIANOEISQAI
'TAUTON KAI 'TAGAQON, "IKANW$ 'EIRHSQAI MOI DOKEI0.
FI _ 'OUDE-GAR "O SO$ NOU$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ESTI 'TAGAQON, 'ALL'
"EXEI2 POU 'TAUTA 'EGKLHMATA.
SW _ TAC' 'AN4, 'W* FILHBE, "O G' 'EMO$; 'OU-MENTOI TON GE
'ALHQINON "AMA KAI QEION 'OIMAI NOUN, 'ALL' 'ALLW$ PW$ 'ECEIN.
TWN MEN-'OUN NIKHTHRIWN PRO$ TON KOINON BION 'OUK 'AMFISBHTW0
PW "UPER NOU, TWN DE-DH DEUTEREIWN "ORAN KAI SKOPEIN CRH PE=RI
<P 22D>
TI= DRASOMEN; TACA GAR 'AN4 TOU* KOINOU TOUTOU BIOU 'AITIWIMEQ'
'AN4 "EKATERO$ "O MEN TON NOUN 'AITION, "O D' "HDONHN 'EINAI, KAI
"OUTW TO MEN 'AGAQON TOUTWN 'AMFOTERWN 'OUDETERON 'AN4 'EIH, TACA
D' 'AN4 'AITION TI$ "UPOLABOI POTERON 'AUTWN 'EINAI. TOUTOU DH
PE=RI KAI MALLON 'ETI PRO$ FILHBON DIAMACOIMHN 'AN4 "W$ 'EN
TW*I MEIKTWI TOUTWI BIWI, "OTI2 POT' 'ESTI TOUTO "O= LABWN "O BIO$
"OUTO$ GEGONEN0 "AIRETO$ "AMA KAI 'AGAQO$, 'OUC "HDONH 'ALLA= NOU$
TOUTWI SUGGENESTERON KAI "OMOIOTERON 'ESTI, KAI KATA TOUTON
<P 22E>
TON LOGON 'OUT' 'AN4 TWN PRWTEIWN 'OUD' 'AU TWN DEUTEREIWN
"HDONHI METON 'ALHQW$ 'AN4 POTE LEGOITO; PORRWTERW D' 'ESTI
TWN TRITEIWN, 'EI TI TW*I 'EMWI NWI DEI PISTEUEIN "HMA$ TA NU*N.
PRW _ 'ALLA=-MHN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EMOIGE DOKEI0 NU*N MEN
"HDONH SOI4 PEPTWKENAI KAQAPEREI PLHGEISA "UPO TWN NUNDH
LOGWN; TWN GAR NIKHTHRIWN PE=RI MACOMENH KEITAI. TON DE


<P 23A>
NOUN, "W$ 'EOIKE0, LEKTEON "W$ 'EMFRONW$ 'OUK 'ANTEPOIEITO TWN
NIKHTHRIWN; TA GAR 'AUT' 'EPAQEN 'AN4. TWN DE-DH DEUTEREIWN
STERHQEISA "HDONH PANTAPASIN 'AN4 TINA KAI 'ATIMIAN SCOIH
PRO$ TWN "AUTH$ 'ERASTWN; 'OUDE-GAR 'EKEINOI$ 'ET' 'AN4 "OMOIW$
FAINOITO KALH.
SW _ TI= 'OUN: 'OUK 'AMEINON 'AUTHN 'EA*N 'HDH KAI MH THN
'AKRIBESTATHN 'AUTHI PROSFERONTA BASANON KAI 'EXELEGCONTA
LUPEIN:
PRW _ 'OUDEN LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
<P 23B>
SW _ 'A*R' "OTI4 TO 'ADUNATON 'EIPON, LUPEIN "HDONHN:
PRW _ 'OU MONON GE-'ALL' "OTI4 KAI 'AGNOEI$ "W$ 'OUDEI$ PW
SE "HMWN MEQHSEI2 PRIN 'AN4 'EI$ TELO$ 'EPEXELQHI$ TOUTWN TW*I
LOGWI.
SW _ BABAI 'A=RA, 'W* PRWTARCE, SUCNOU MEN LOGOU TOU*
LOIPOU, SCEDON DE-'OUDE "RA\DIOU PANU TI NU*N. KAI-GAR-DH
FAINETAI DEIN 'ALLH$ MHCANH$, 'EPI TA DEUTEREIA "UPER NOU
POREUOMENON "OION BELH 'ECEIN "E=TERA TWN 'EMPROSQEN LOGWN;
'ESTI DE 'ISW$ 'ENIA KAI 'TAUTA. 'OUKOU*N CRH:
PRW _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
<P 23C>
SW _ THN DE-GE 'ARCHN 'AUTOU4 DIEULABEISQAI PEIRWMEQA2
TIQEMENOI.
PRW _ POIAN DH LEGEI$:
SW _ PANTA TA NU*N 'ONTA 'EN TW*I PANTI DICHI DIALABWMEN,
MALLON D', 'EI BOULEI, TRICHI.
PRW _ KAQ' "OTI2, FRAZOI$ 'AN4:
SW _ LABWMEN 'ATTA TWN NUNDH LOGWN.
PRW _ POI*A:
SW _ TON QEON 'ELEGOMEN POU TO MEN 'APEIRON DEIXAI0 TWN
'ONTWN0, TO DE PERA$:
PRW _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ TOUTW DH TWN 'EIDWN TA DUO TIQWMEQA, TO DE TRITON
<P 23D>
'EX 'AMFOIN TOUTOIN "EN TI SUMMISGOMENON. 'EIMI D', "W$ 'EOIKEN0,
'EGW GELOIO$ TI$ 'ANQRWPO$ KAT' 'EIDH DIISTA$ KAI
SUNARIQMOUMENO$.
PRW _ TI= FH=I$, 'WGAQE:
SW _ TETARTOU MOI GENOU$ 'AU PROSDEIN FAINETAI.
PRW _ LEGE TI=NO$.
SW _ TH$ SUMMEIXEW$ TOUTWN PRO$ 'ALLHLA THN 'AITIAN "ORA,
KAI TIQEI MOI PRO$ TRISIN 'EKEINOI$ TETARTON TOUTO.
PRW _ MWN 'OUN SOI4 KAI PEMPTOU PROSDEHSEI2 DIAKRISIN
TINO$ DUNAMENOU:
SW _ TAC' 'AN4; 'OU-MHN 'OIMAI GE 'EN TW*I NU*N; 'AN2 DE TI DEHI5,
<P 23E>
SUGGNWSHI POU MOI SU METADIWKONTI PEMPTON BION8.
PRW _ TI= MHN:
SW _ PRWTON MEN-DH TWN TETTARWN TA TRIA DIELOMENOI,
TA DUO TOUTWN PEIRWMEQA2, POLLA "EKATERON 'ESCISMENON KAI
DIESPASMENON 'IDONTE$, 'EI$ "EN PALIN "EKATERON SUNAGAGONTE$,
NOHSAI0 PH*I POTE 'H*N 'AUTWN "EN KAI POLLA "EKATERON.
PRW _ 'EI MOI SAFESTERON 'ETI PERI= 'AUTWN 'EIPOI$, TAC' 'AN4
"EPOIMHN.


<P 24A>
SW _ LEGW0 TOINUN TA DUO "A PROTIQEMAI 'TAUT' 'EINAI "APER
NUNDH, TO MEN 'APEIRON, TO DE PERA$ 'ECON; "OTI4 DE TROPON
TINA TO 'APEIRON POLL' 'ESTI, PEIRASOMAI FRAZEIN. TO DE PERA$
'ECON "HMA$ PERIMENETW.
PRW _ MENEI0.
SW _ SKEYAI DH. CALEPON MEN-GAR-KAI 'AMFISBHTHSIMON
"O= KELEUW0 SE SKOPEIN, "OMW$ DE SKOPEI5. QERMOTEROU KAI
YUCROTEROU PE=RI PRWTON "ORA PERA$ 'EI POTE TI NOHSAI$ 'AN4, 'H=
TO MALLON TE-KAI "HTTON 'EN 'AUTOI$ 'OIKOUNTE7 TOI$ GENESIN,
<P 24B>
"EWSPER 'AN4 'ENOIKHTON, TELO$ 'OUK 'AN4 'EPITREYAITHN GIGNESQAI;
GENOMENH$ GAR TELEUTH$ KAI 'AUTW TETELEUTHKATON.
PRW _ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
SW _ 'AEI DE-GE, FAMEN, 'EN TE TW*I QERMOTERWI KAI YUCROTERWI
TO MALLON TE-KAI "HTTON 'ENI.
PRW _ KAI MALA.
SW _ 'AEI TOINUN "O LOGO$ "HMIN SHMAINEI0 TOUTW MH TELO$
'ECEIN; 'ATELH D' 'ONTE DHPOU PANTAPASIN 'APEIRW GIGNESQON0.
PRW _ KAI SFO=DRA GE, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'ALL' 'EU GE, 'W* FILE PRWTARCE, "UPELABE$ KAI
<P 24C>
'ANEMNHSA$ "OTI4 KAI TO SFO=DRA TOUTO, "O= SU NU*N 'EFQEGXW,
KAI TO GE 'HREMA THN 'AUTHN DUNAMIN 'ECETON0 TW*I MALLON TE-KAI
"HTTON; "OPOU GAR 'AN4 'ENHTON, 'OUK 'EATON0 'EINAI POSON "EKASTON,
'ALL' 'AEI SFODROTERON "HSUCAITEROU KAI 'TOUNANTION "EKASTAI$
PRAXESIN 'EMPOIOUNTE TO PLEON KAI TO 'ELATTON 'APERGAZESQON0,
TO DE POSON 'AFANIZETON0. "O= GAR 'ELECQH NUNDH, MH 'AFANISANTE
TO POSON, 'ALL' 'EASANTE 'AUTO TE-KAI TO METRION 'EN THI
<P 24D>
TOU* MALLON KAI "HTTON KAI SFO=DRA KAI 'HREMA "EDRA\ 'EGGENESQAI,
'AUTA 'ERREI0 TAUTA 'EK TH$ "AUTWN CWRA$ 'EN "HI 'ENHN. 'OU-GAR
'ETI QERMOTERON 'OUDE YUCROTERON 'EITHN 'AN4 LABONTE TO POSO=N;
PROCWREI0 GAR-KAI 'OU MENEI0 TO TE QERMOTERON 'AEI KAI TO
YUCROTERON "WSAUTW$, TO DE POSO=N 'ESTH KAI PROION 'EPAUSATO.
KATA DH TOUTON TON LOGON 'APEIRON GIGNOIT' 'AN4 TO QERMOTERON
KAI 'TOUNANTION "AMA.
PRW _ FAINETAI GOUN, 'W* SWKRATE$; 'ESTI D', "OPER 'EIPE$,
'OU "RA&DIA TAUTA SUNEPESQAI. TO DE 'EI$ 'AUQI$ TE-KAI 'AUQI$
<P 24E>
'ISW$ LECQENTA TON TE 'ERWTWNTA KAI TON 'ERWTWMENON "IKANW$
'AN4 SUMFWNOUNTA$ 'APOFHNAIEN.
SW _ 'ALL' 'EU MEN LEGEI$ KAI PEIRATEON "OUTW POIEIN.
NU*N MENTOI 'AQREI5 TH$ TOU* 'APEIROU FUSEW$ 'EI TOUTO DEXOMEQA
SHMEION, "INA MH PANT' 'EPEXIONTE$ MHKUNWMEN.
PRW _ TO POI*ON DH LEGEI$:
SW _ "OPOS' 'AN4 "HMIN FAINHTAI MALLON TE-KAI "HTTON GIGNOMENA
KAI TO SFO=DRA KAI 'HREMA DECOMENA KAI TO LIAN KAI "OSA


<P 25A>
TOIAUTA PANTA 'EI$ TO TOU* 'APEIROU GENO$ "W$ 'EI$ "EN DEI PANTA
TAUTA TIQENAI, KATA TON 'EMPROSQEN LOGON "ON 'EFAMEN "OSA
DIESPASTAI KAI DIESCISTAI SUNAGAGONTA$ CRHNAI0 KATA DUNAMIN
MIAN 'EPISHMAINESQAI TINA FUSIN, 'EI MEMNHSAI.
PRW _ MEMNHMAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TA MH DECOMENA TAUTA, TOUTWN DE TA 'ENANTIA
PANTA DECOMENA, PRWTON MEN TO 'ISON KAI 'ISOTHTA, META DE TO
'ISON TO DIPLASION KAI PAN "OTIPER2 'AN4 PRO$ 'ARIQMON 'ARIQMO$
<P 25B>
'H= METRON 'HI PRO$ METRON, TAUTA SUMPANTA 'EI$ TO PERA$
'APOLOGIZOMENOI KALW$ 'AN4 DOKOIMEN DRAN TOUTO. 'H= PW*$ SU
FH=I$:
PRW _ KALLISTA GE, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'EIEN; TO DE TRITON TO MEIKTON 'EK TOUTOIN 'AMFOIN
TI=NA 'IDEAN FHSOMEN 'ECEIN:
PRW _ SU KAI 'EMOI4 FRASEI$, "W$ 'OIMAI.
SW _ QEO$ MEN-'OUN, 'ANPER GE 'EMAI$ 'EUCAI$ 'EPHKOO$
GIGNHTAI TI$ QEWN.
PRW _ 'EUCOU DH-KAI SKOPEI5.
SW _ SKOPW0; KAI MOI DOKEI0 TI$, 'W* PRWTARCE, 'AUTWN FILO$
"HMIN NUNDH GEGONENAI.
<P 25C>
PRW _ PW*$ LEGEI$ TOUTO KAI TI=NI TEKMHRIWI CRHI3:
SW _ FRASW2 DHLON "OTI4; SU DE MOI SUNAKOLOUQHSON2 TW*I
LOGWI.
PRW _ LEGE MONON.
SW _ QERMOTERON 'EFQEGGOMEQA NUNDH POU TI KAI YUCROTERON.
'H*-GAR:
PRW _ NAI.
SW _ PROSQE$ DH XHROTERON KAI "UGROTERON 'AUTOI$ KAI
PLEON KAI 'ELATTON KAI QATTON KAI BRADUTERON KAI MEIZON
KAI SMIKROTERON KAI "OPOSA 'EN TW*I PROSQEN TH$ TO MALLON
TE-KAI "HTTON DECOMENH$ 'ETIQEMEN 'EI$ "EN FUSEW$.
<P 25D>
PRW _ TH$ TOU* 'APEIROU LEGEI$:
SW _ NAI. SUMMEIGNU DE-GE 'EI$ 'AUTHN TO META TAUTA THN
'AU TOU* PERATO$ GENNAN.
PRW _ POIAN:
SW _ "HN KAI NUNDH, DEON "HMA$ KAQAPER THN TOU* 'APEIROU
SUNHGAGOMEN 'EI$ "EN "OUTW KAI THN TOU* PERATOEIDOU$ SUNAGAGEIN,
'OU SUNHGAGOMEN. 'ALL' 'ISW$ KAI NU*N 'TAUTON DRASEI2,
'EI7 TOUTWN 'AMFOTERWN SUNAGOMENWN KATAFANH$ 'KAKEINH
GENHSETAI.
PRW _ POIAN KAI PW*$ LEGEI$:
SW _ THN TOU* 'ISOU KAI DIPLASIOU, KAI "OPOSH PAUEI0 PRO$
<P 25E>
'ALLHLA 'TANANTIA DIAFORW$ 'ECONTA, SUMMETRA DE-KAI SUMFWNA
'ENQEISA 'ARIQMON 'APERGAZETAI.
PRW _ MANQANW0; FAINHI0 GAR MOI LEGEIN MEIGNU$ TAUTA
GENESEI$ TINA$ 'EF' "EKASTWN 'AUTWN SUMBAINEIN.
SW _ 'ORQW$ GAR FAINOMAI.
PRW _ LEGE TOINUN.
SW _ 'A*RA 'OUK 'EN MEN NOSOI$ "H TOUTWN 'ORQH KOINWNIA THN
"UGIEIA$ FUSIN 'EGENNHSEN:


<P 26A>
PRW _ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'EN DE 'OXEI KAI BAREI KAI TACEI KAI BRADEI, 'APEIROI$
'OUSIN, 'A*R' 'OU 'TAUTA 'EGGIGNOMENA8 TAUTA; "AMA PERA$ TE
'APHRGASATO KAI MOUSIKHN SUMPASAN TELEWTATA SUNESTHSATO:
PRW _ KALLISTA GE.
SW _ KAI-MHN 'EN GE CEIMWSIN KAI PNIGESIN 'EGGENOMENH
TO MEN POLU LIAN KAI 'APEIRON 'AFEILETO, TO DE 'EMMETRON KAI
"AMA SUMMETRON 'APHRGASATO.
PRW _ TI= MHN:
<P 26B>
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EK TOUTWN "WRAI TE-KAI "OSA KALA PANTA
"HMIN GEGONE0, TWN TE 'APEIRWN KAI TWN PERA$ 'ECONTWN0
SUMMEICQENTWN5:
PRW _ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
SW _ KAI 'A=LLA GE-DH MURIA 'EPILEIPW0 LEGWN, "OION MEQ'
"UGIEIA$ KALLO$ KAI 'ISCUN, KAI 'EN YUCAI$ 'AU PAMPOLLA "E=TERA
KAI PAGKALA. "UBRIN GAR-POU-KAI SUMPASAN PANTWN PONHRIAN
"AU=TH KATIDOUSA "H QEO$, 'W* KALE FILHBE, PERA$ 'OUTE
"HDONWN 'OUDEN 'OUTE PLHSMONWN 'ENON 'EN 'AUTOI$, NOMON KAI
TAXIN PERA$ 'ECONT' 'EQETO; KAI SU MEN 'APOKNAISAI0 FH=I$
<P 26C>
'AUTHN, 'EGW DE 'TOUNANTION 'APOSWSAI0 LEGW0. SOI4 DE, 'W*
PRWTARCE, PW*$ FAINETAI:
PRW _ KAI MALA, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EMOIGE KATA NOUN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TA MEN-DH TRIA TAUTA 'EIRHKA, 'EI SUNNOEI$.
PRW _ 'ALL' 'OIMAI KATANOEIN; "EN MEN-GAR MOI DOKEI$ TO
'APEIRON LEGEIN, "EN DE-KAI DEUTERON TO PERA$ 'EN TOI$ 'OUSI;
TRITON DE 'OU SFO=DRA KATECW0 TI= BOULEI FRAZEIN.
SW _ TO GAR PLHQO$ SE, 'W* QAUMASIE, 'EXEPLHXE TH$ TOU*
TRITOU GENESEW$; KAITOI POLLA GE-KAI TO 'APEIRON PARESCETO
<P 26D>
GENH, "OMW$ D' 'EPISFRAGISQENTA TW*I TOU* MALLON KAI
'ENANTIOU GENEI "EN 'EFANH.
PRW _ 'ALHQH.
SW _ KAI-MHN TO GE PERA$ 'OUTE POLLA 'EICEN, 'OUT'
'EDUSKOLAINOMEN "W$ 'OUK 'H*N "EN FUSEI.
PRW _ PW*$ GAR 'AN4:
SW _ 'OUDAMW$. 'ALLA= TRITON FAQI ME LEGEIN, "EN TOUTO
TIQENTA TO TOUTWN 'EKGONON "APAN, GENESIN 'EI$ 'OUSIAN 'EK
TWN META TOU* PERATO$ 'APEIRGASMENWN METRWN.
PRW _ 'EMAQON.
<P 26E>
SW _ 'ALLA=-DH PRO$ TRISI TETARTON TI TO=TE 'EFAMEN 'EINAI
GENO$ SKEPTEON; KOINH D' "H SKEYI$. "ORA GAR 'EI SOI4 DOKEI0
'ANAGKAION 'EINAI PANTA TA GIGNOMENA DIA= TINA 'AITIAN
GIGNESQAI.
PRW _ 'EMOIGE; PW*$ GAR 'AN4 CWRI$ TOUTOU GIGNOITO:
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "H TOU* POIOUNTO$ FUSI$ 'OUDEN PLHN 'ONOMATI
TH$ 'AITIA$ DIAFEREI0, TO DE POIOUN KAI TO 'AITION 'ORQW$ 'AN4
'EIH LEGOMENON "EN:
PRW _ 'ORQW$.


<P 27A>
SW _ KAI-MHN TO GE POIOUMENON 'AU KAI TO GIGNOMENON
'OUDEN PLHN 'ONOMATI, KAQAPER TO NUNDH, DIAFERON "EURHSOMEN.
'H= PW*$:
PRW _ "OUTW$.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN "HGEITAI MEN TO POIOUN 'AEI KATA FUSIN, TO
DE POIOUMENON 'EPAKOLOUQEI0 GIGNOMENON 'EKEINWI:
PRW _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'ALLO 'A=RA-KAI 'OU 'TAUTON 'AITIA T' 'ESTI KAI TO
DOULEUON 'EI$ GENESIN 'AITIA\
PRW _ TI= MHN:
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TA MEN GIGNOMENA KAI 'EX "WN GIGNETAI PANTA
TA TRIA PARESCETO "HMIN GENH:
PRW _ KAI MALA.
<P 27B>
SW _ TO DE-DH PANTA TAUTA DHMIOURGOUN LEGOMEN TETARTON,
THN 'AITIAN, "W$ "IKANW$ "ETERON 'EKEINWN DEDHLWMENON:
PRW _ "ETERON GAR-'OUN.
SW _ 'ORQW$ MHN 'ECEI0, DIWRISMENWN TWN TETTARWN, "ENO$
"EKASTOU MNHMH$ "ENEKA 'EFEXH$ 'AUTA KATARIQMHSASQAI.
PRW _ TI= MHN:
SW _ PRWTON MEN-TOINUN 'APEIRON LEGW0, DEUTERON DE
PERA$, 'EPEIT' 'EK TOUTWN TRITON MEIKTHN KAI GEGENHMENHN
'OUSIAN; THN DE TH$ MEIXEW$ 'AITIAN KAI GENESEW$ TETARTHN
<P 27C>
LEGWN 'A*RA MH PLHMMELOIHN 'AN4 TI:
PRW _ KAI PW*$:
SW _ FERE DH, TO META TOUQ' "HMIN TI=$ "O LOGO$, KAI TI=
POTE BOULHQENTE$ 'EI$ TAUTA 'AFIKOMEQA: 'A*R' 'OU TODE 'H*N:
DEUTEREIA 'EZHTOUMEN POTERON "HDONH$ GIGNOIT' 'AN4 'H= FRONHSEW$.
'OUC "OUTW$ 'H*N:
PRW _ "OUTW MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN 'ISW$ NU*N, 'EPEIDH TAUTA "OUTW DIEILOMEQA,
KALLION 'AN4 KAI THN KRISIN 'EPITELESAIMEQA PRWTOU PE=RI KAI
DEUTEROU, PERI= "WN DH TO PRWTON 'HMFESBHTHSAMEN:
PRW _ 'ISW$.
<P 27D>
SW _ 'IQI DH; NIKWNTA MEN 'EQEMEN POU TON MEIKTON BION
"HDONH$ TE-KAI FRONHSEW$. 'H*N "OUTW$:
PRW _ 'H*N.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TOUTON MEN TON BION "ORWMEN0 POU TI=$ TE
'ESTI KAI "OPOIOU GENOU$:
PRW _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ KAI MERO$ G' 'AUTON FHSOMEN 'EINAI TOU* TRITOU 'OIMAI
GENOU$; 'OU-GAR "O8 DUOIN TINOIN 'ESTI MIKTO$8 'EKEINO$8 'ALLA=
SUMPANTWN TWN 'APEIRWN "UPO TOU* PERATO$ DEDEMENWN, "WSTE
'ORQW$ "O NIKHFORO$ "OUTO$ BIO$ MERO$ 'EKEINOU GIGNOIT' 'AN4.
PRW _ 'ORQOTATA MEN-'OUN.
<P 27E>
SW _ 'EIEN; TI= DE "O SO$, 'W* FILHBE, "HDU$ KAI 'AMEIKTO$
'WN: 'EN TI=NI GENEI TWN 'EIRHMENWN LEGOMENO$ 'ORQW$ 'AN4 POTE
LEGOITO: "WDE D' 'APOKRINAI2 MOI PRIN 'APOFHNASQAI.
FI _ LEGE MONON.
SW _ "HDONH KAI LUPH PERA$ 'ECETON0, 'H= TWN TO MALLON
TE-KAI "HTTON DECOMENWN 'ESTON0:
FI _ NAI, TWN TO MALLON, 'W* SWKRATE$; 'OU-GAR 'AN4 "HDONH
PAN 'AGAQON 'H*N, 'EI MH 'APEIRON 'ETUGCANE PEFUKO$ KAI PLHQEI
KAI TW*I MALLON.


<P 28A>
SW _ 'OUDE-G' 'AN4, 'W* FILHBE, LUPH PAN KAKON; "WST' 'ALLO
TI NWIN SKEPTEON 'H= THN TOU* 'APEIROU FUSIN "W$ PARECETAI TI
MERO$ TAI$ "HDONAI$ 'AGAQOU. TOUTW DH SOI4 TWN 'APERANTWN
GE GENOU$ 'ESTWN; FRONHSIN DE-KAI 'EPISTHMHN KAI NOUN 'EI$
TI= POTE TWN PROEIRHMENWN, 'W* PRWTARCE TE-KAI FILHBE, NU*N
QENTE$ 'OUK 'AN4 'ASEBOIMEN: 'OU-GAR MOI DOKEI0 SMIKRO$ "HMIN
'EINAI "O KINDUNO$ KATORQWSASI KAI MH PERI= TO NU*N 'ERWTWMENON.
<P 28B>
FI _ SEMNUNEI$ GAR, 'W* SWKRATE$, TON SEAUTOU QEON.
SW _ KAI-GAR SU, 'W* "ETAIRE, THN SAUTOU; TO D' 'ERWTWMENON
"OMW$ "HMIN LEKTEON.
PRW _ 'ORQW$ TOI LEGEI0 SWKRATH$, 'W* FILHBE, KAI 'AUTWI
PEISTEON.
FI _ 'OUKOU*N "UPER 'EMOU4 SU, PRWTARCE, PROHIRHSAI LEGEIN:
PRW _ PANU GE; NU*N MENTOI SCEDON 'APORW0, KAI DEOMAI
GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'AUTON SE "HMIN GENESQAI PROFHTHN, "INA
MHDEN "HMEI$ SOI4 PERI= TON 'AGWNISTHN 'EXAMARTANONTE$ PARA
MELO$ FQEGXWMEQA TI.
<P 28C>
SW _ PEISTEON, 'W* PRWTARCE; 'OUDE-GAR CALEPON 'OUDEN
'EPITATTEI$. 'ALL' 'ONTW$ SE 'EGW, KAQAPER 'EI*PE FILHBO$,
SEMNUNWN 'EN TW*I PAIZEIN 'EQORUBHSA, NOUN KAI 'EPISTHMHN
'EROMENO$ "OPOIOU GENOU$ 'EIEN:
PRW _ PANTAPASI GE, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN "RA\DION; PANTE$ GAR SUMFWNOUSIN0 "OI
SOFOI, "EAUTOU$ 'ONTW$ SEMNUNONTE$, "W$ NOU$ 'ESTI BASILEU$ "HMIN
'OURANOU TE-KAI GH$. KAI 'ISW$ 'EU LEGOUSI0. DIA= MAKROTERWN
D', 'EI BOULEI, THN SKEYIN 'AUTOU4 TOU* GENOU$ POIHSWMEQA.
<P 28D>
PRW _ LEG' "OPW$ BOULEI, MHDEN MHKO$ "HMIN "UPOLOGIZOMENO$,
'W* SWKRATE$, "W$ 'OUK 'APECQHSOMENO$.
SW _ KALW$ 'EIPE$. 'ARXWMEQA DE PW$ "WDE 'EPANERWTWNTE$.
PRW _ PW*$:
SW _ POTERON, 'W* PRWTARCE, TA SUMPANTA KAI TODE TO
KALOUMENON0 "OLON 'EPITROPEUEIN FWMEN THN TOU* 'ALOGOU KAI
'EIKHI DUNAMIN KAI TO "OPHI 'ETUCEN, 'H= 'TANANTIA, KAQAPER "OI
PROSQEN "HMWN 'ELEGON, NOUN KAI FRONHSIN TINA QAUMASTHN
SUNTATTOUSAN DIAKUBERNAN:
<P 28E>
PRW _ 'OUDEN TWN 'AUTWN, 'W* QAUMASIE SWKRATE$; "O=
MEN-GAR SU NU*N LEGEI$, 'OUDE "OSION 'EINAI MOI FAINETAI. TO
DE NOUN PANTA DIAKOSMEIN 'AUTA FANAI0 KAI TH$ 'OYEW$ TOU*
KOSMOU KAI "HLIOU KAI SELHNH$ KAI 'ASTERWN KAI PASH$ TH$
PERIFORA$ 'AXION, KAI 'OUK 'ALLW$ 'EGWG' 'AN4 POTE PERI= 'AUTWN
'EIPOIMI 'OUD' 'AN4 DOXASAIMI.
SW _ BOULEI DHTA TI KAI "HMEI$ TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN "OMOLOGOUMENON


<P 29A>
SUMFHSWMEN "W$ TAUQ' "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, KAI MH MONON
'OIWMEQA DEIN 'TALLO=TRIA 'ANEU KINDUNOU LEGEIN, 'ALLA=-KAI
SUGKINDUNEUWMEN KAI METECWMEN TOU* YOGOU, "OTAN 'ANHR DEINO$
FHI TAUTA MH "OUTW$ 'ALL' 'ATAKTW$ 'ECEIN:
PRW _ PW*$ GAR 'OUK 'AN4 BOULOIMHN:
SW _ 'IQI DH, TON 'EPIONTA PERI= TOUTWN NU*N "HMIN LOGON
'AQREI5.
PRW _ LEGE MONON.
SW _ TA PERI= THN TWN SWMATWN FUSIN "APANTWN TWN
ZWIWN, PUR KAI "UDWR KAI PNEUMA KAQORWMEN0 POU-KAI GHN
KAQAPER "OI CEIMAZOMENOI, FASIN0, 'ENONTA 'EN THI SUSTASEI.
<P 29B>
PRW _ KAI MALA; CEIMAZOMEQA GAR 'ONTW$ "UP' 'APORIA$
'EN TOI$ NU*N LOGOI$.
SW _ FERE DH, PERI= "EKASTOU TWN PAR' "HMIN LABE TO
TOIONDE.
PRW _ POI*ON:
SW _ "OTI4 MIKRON TE TOUTWN "EKASTON PAR' "HMIN 'ENESTI
KAI FAULON KAI 'OUDAMHI 'OUDAMW$ 'EILIKRINE$ 'ON KAI THN
DUNAMIN 'OUK 'AXIAN TH$ FUSEW$ 'ECON. 'EN "ENI DE LABWN PERI=
PANTWN NOEI5 'TAUTON. "OION PUR 'ESTI MEN-POU PAR' "HMIN,
'ESTI D' 'EN TW*I PANTI.
PRW _ TI= MHN:
<P 29C>
SW _ 'OUKOU*N SMIKRON MEN TI TO PAR' "HMIN KAI 'ASQENE$
KAI FAULON, TO D' 'EN TW*I PANTI PLHQEI TE QAUMASTON KAI
KALLEI KAI PASHI DUNAMEI THI PERI= TO PUR 'OUSHI.
PRW _ KAI MAL' 'ALHQE$ "O= LEGEI$.
SW _ TI= DE: TREFETAI KAI GIGNETAI 'EK TOUTOU KAI 'AUXETAI
TO TOU* PANTO$ PUR "UPO TOU* PAR' "HMIN PURO$, 'H= 'TOUNANTION
"UP' 'EKEINOU TO T' 'EMON KAI TO SON KAI TO TWN 'ALLWN ZWIWN
"APANT' 'ISCEI0 TAUTA:
PRW _ TOUTO MEN-'OUD' 'APOKRISEW$ 'AXION 'ERWTA*I$0.
<P 29D>
SW _ 'ORQW$; 'TAUTA GAR 'EREI$2 'OIMAI PERI= TE TH$ 'EN TOI$
ZWIOI$ GH$ TH$ 'ENQADE KAI TH$ 'EN TW*I PANTI, KAI TWN 'ALLWN DH
PANTWN "OSWN 'HRWTHSA 'OLIGON 'EMPROSQEN. "OUTW$ 'APOKRINHI2:
PRW _ TI=$ GAR 'APOKRINOMENO$ 'ALLW$ "UGIAINWN 'AN4 POTE
FANEIH:
SW _ SCEDON 'OUD' "OSTISOUN; 'ALLA= TO META TOUTO "EXH$
"EPOU. PANTA GAR "HMEI$ TAUTA TA NUNDH LECQENTA 'A*R' 'OUK
'EI$ "EN SUGKEIMENA 'IDONTE$ 'EPWNOMASAMEN SWMA:
PRW _ TI= MHN:
<P 29E>
SW _ 'TAUTON DH LABE KAI PERI= TOUDE "ON KOSMON LEGOMEN;
DIA=8 TON 'AUTON GAR TROPON 'AN4 'EIH POU SWMA SUNQETON 'ON
'EK TWN 'AUTWN.
PRW _ 'ORQOTATA LEGEI$.
SW _ POTERON 'OUN 'EK TOUTOU TOU* SWMATO$ "OLW$ TO PAR'
"HMIN SWMA 'H= 'EK TOU* PAR' "HMIN TOUTO TREFETAI TE-KAI "OSA
NUNDH PERI= 'AUTWN 'EIPOMEN 'EILHFEN0 TE-KAI 'ECEI0:
PRW _ KAI TOUQ' "ETERON, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUK 'AXION
'ERWTHSEW$.


<P 30A>
SW _ TI= DE: TODE 'A*RA 'AXION: 'H= PW*$ 'EREI$2:
PRW _ LEGE TO POI*ON.
SW _ TO PAR' "HMIN SWMA 'A*R' 'OU YUCHN FHSOMEN 'ECEIN:
PRW _ DHLON "OTI4 FHSOMEN.
SW _ PO=QEN, 'W* FILE PRWTARCE, LABON, 'EIPER MH TO GE
TOU* PANTO$ SWMA 'EMYUCON 'ON 'ETUGCANE, 'TAUTA GE 'ECON
TOUTWI KAI 'ETI PANTHI KALLIONA:
PRW _ DHLON "W$ 'OUDAMOQEN 'ALLOQEN, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'OU-GAR-POU DOKOUMEN GE, 'W* PRWTARCE, TA TETTARA
'EKEINA, PERA$ KAI 'APEIRON KAI KOINON KAI TO TH$ 'AITIA$ GENO$
<P 30B>
'EN "APASI TETARTON 'ENON, TOUTO 'EN MEN TOI$ PAR' "HMIN YUCHN
TE PARECON KAI SWMASKIAN 'EMPOIOUN KAI PTAISANTO$ SWMATO$
'IATRIKHN KAI 'EN 'ALLOI$ 'A=LLA SUNTIQEN KAI 'AKOUMENON PASAN
KAI PANTOIAN SOFIAN 'EPIKALEISQAI0, TWN D' 'AUTWN TOUTWN
'ONTWN0 'EN "OLWI TE 'OURANWI KAI KATA MEGALA MERH, KAI PROSETI
KALWN KAI 'EILIKRINWN, 'EN TOUTOI$ D' 'OUK 'A=RA MEMHCANHSQAI
THN TWN KALLISTWN KAI TIMIWTATWN FUSIN.
<P 30C>
PRW _ 'ALL' 'OUDAMW$ TOUTO G' 'AN4 LOGON 'ECOI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EI MH TOUTO, MET' 'EKEINOU TOU* LOGOU 'AN4
"EPOMENOI BELTION LEGOIMEN "W$ 'ESTIN, "A POLLAKI$ 'EIRHKAMEN,
'APEIRON TE 'EN TW*I PANTI POLU, KAI PERA$ "IKANON, KAI TI$
'EP' 'AUTOI$ 'AITIA 'OU FAULH, KOSMOUSA TE-KAI SUNTATTOUSA
'ENIAUTOU$ TE-KAI "WRA$ KAI MHNA$, SOFIA KAI NOU$ LEGOMENH
DIKAIOTAT' 'AN4.
PRW _ DIKAIOTATA DHTA.
SW _ SOFIA MHN-KAI NOU$ 'ANEU YUCH$ 'OUK 'AN4 POTE
GENOISQHN.
PRW _ 'OU-GAR-'OUN.
<P 30D>
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EN MEN THI TOU* DIO$ 'EREI$2 FUSEI BASILIKHN
MEN YUCHN, BASILIKON DE NOUN 'EGGIGNESQAI DIA= THN TH$
'AITIA$ DUNAMIN, 'EN D' 'ALLOI$ 'A=LLA KALA, KAQ' "OTI2 FILON
"EKASTOI$ LEGESQAI.
PRW _ MALA GE.
SW _ TOUTON DH TON LOGON "HMA$ MH TI MATHN DOXHI$, 'W*
PRWTARCE, 'EIRHKENAI, 'ALL' 'ESTI TOI$ MEN PALAI 'APOFHNAMENOI$
"W$ 'AEI TOU* PANTO$ NOU$ 'ARCEI0 SUMMACO$ 'EKEINOI$.
PRW _ 'ESTI GAR-'OUN.
SW _ THI DE-GE 'EMHI ZHTHSEI PEPORIKW$ 'APOKRISIN, "OTI4 NOU$
<P 30E>
'ESTI GENOU$ TH$ TOU* PANTWN 'AITIOU LECQENTO$ TWN8 TETTARWN8,
"WN8 'H*N8 "HMIN8 "EN8 TOUTO8. 'ECEI$ GAR-DHPOU NU*N "HMWN
'HDH THN 'APOKRISIN.
PRW _ 'ECW0 KAI MALA "IKANW$; KAITOI ME 'APOKRINAMENO$
'ELAQE$.
SW _ 'ANAPAULA GAR, 'W* PRWTARCE, TH$ SPOUDH$ GIGNETAI
'ENIOTE "H PAIDIA.
PRW _ KALW$ 'EIPE$.


<P 31A>
SW _ NU*N DHPOU, 'W* "ETAIRE, "OU MEN GENOU$ 'ESTI KAI TI=NA
POTE DUNAMIN KEKTHTAI, SCEDON 'EPIEIKW$ "HMIN TA NU*N
DEDHLWTAI.
PRW _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ KAI-MHN "HDONH$ GE "WSAUTW$ PALAI TO GENO$ 'EFANH.
PRW _ KAI MALA.
SW _ MEMNWMEQA DH-KAI TAUTA PERI= 'AMFOIN, "OTI4 NOU$
MEN 'AITIA$ 'H*N SUGGENH$ KAI TOUTOU SCEDON TOU* GENOU$, "HDONH
DE 'APEIRO$ TE 'AUTH KAI TOU* MHTE 'ARCHN MHTE MESA MHTE TELO$
'EN "AUTWI 'AF' "EAUTOU 'ECONTO$ MHDE "EXONTO$ POTE GENOU$.
<P 31B>
PRW _ MEMNHSOMEQA; PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ DEI DH TO META TOUTO, 'EN "WI TE 'ESTIN "EKATERON 'AUTOIN
KAI DIA= TI= PAQO$ GIGNESQON0 "OPOTAN GIGNHSQON 'IDEIN
"HMA$. PRWTON THN "HDONHN; "WSPER TO GENO$ 'AUTH$ PROTERON
'EBASANISAMEN, "OUTW KAI TAUTA PRO=TERA. LUPH$ DE 'AU CWRI$
THN "HDONHN 'OUK 'AN4 POTE DUNAIMEQA "IKANW$ BASANISAI0.
PRW _ 'ALL' 'EI TAUTHI CRH POREUESQAI, TAUTHI POREUWMEQA.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN SOI4 KAQAPER 'EMOI4 FAINETAI TH$ GENESEW$
'AUTWN PE=RI:
<P 31C>
PRW _ TO POI*ON:
SW _ 'EN TW*I KOINWI MOI GENEI "AMA FAINESQON0 LUPH TE-KAI
"HDONH GIGNESQAI KATA FUSIN.
PRW _ KOINON DE-GE, 'W* FILE SWKRATE$, "UPOMIMNHISKE
"HMA$ TI= POTE TWN PROEIRHMENWN BOULEI DHLOUN0.
SW _ 'ESTAI TAUT' 'EI$ DUNAMIN, 'W* QAUMASIE.
PRW _ KALW$ 'EIPE$.
SW _ KOINON TOINUN "UPAKOUWMEN "O= DH TWN TETTARWN
TRITON 'ELEGOMEN.
PRW _ "O= META TO 'APEIRON KAI PERA$ 'ELEGE$, 'EN "WI KAI
"UGIEIAN, 'OIMAI DE-KAI "ARMONIAN, 'ETIQESO:
<P 31D>
SW _ KALLIST' 'EIPE$. TON NOUN DE "OTI2 MALIST' 'HDH
PROSECE.
PRW _ LEGE MONON.
SW _ LEGW0 TOINUN TH$ "ARMONIA$ MEN LUOMENH$ "HMIN 'EN
TOI$ ZWIOI$ "AMA LUSIN TH$ FUSEW$ KAI GENESIN 'ALGHDONWN 'EN
TW*I TO=TE GIGNESQAI CRONWI.
PRW _ PANU LEGEI$ 'EIKO$.
SW _ PALIN DE "ARMOTTOMENH$ TE-KAI 'EI$ THN "AUTH$ FUSIN
'APIOUSH$ "HDONHN GIGNESQAI LEKTEON, 'EI DEI DI' 'OLIGWN PERI=
MEGISTWN "OTI2 TACISTA "RHQHNAI.
<P 31E>
PRW _ 'OIMAI MEN SE 'ORQW$ LEGEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EMFANESTERON
DE 'ETI 'TAUTA TAUTA PEIRWMEQA2 LEGEIN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TA DHMO=SIA POU-KAI PERIFANH "RA*ISTON
SUNNOEIN:
PRW _ POI*A:
SW _ PEINH MEN-POU LUSI$ KAI LUPH:
PRW _ NAI.
SW _ 'EDWDH DE, PLHRWSI$ GIGNOMENH PALIN, "HDONH:
PRW _ NAI.
SW _ DIYO$ D' 'AU FQORA KAI LUPH KAI8 LUSI$8, "H DE TOU*


<P 32A>
"UGROU PALIN TO XHRANQEN PLHROUSA DUNAMI$ "HDONH; DIAKRISI$
DE-G' 'AU KAI DIALUSI$ "H PARA FUSIN, TOU* PNIGOU$
PAQH, LUPH, KATA FUSIN DE PALIN 'APODOSI$ TE-KAI YUXI$
"HDONH.
PRW _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ KAI "RIGOU$ "H MEN PARA FUSIN TOU* ZWIOU TH$ "UGROTHTO$
PHXI$ LUPH; PALIN D' 'EI$ 'TAUTON 'APIONTWN0 KAI DIAKRINOMENWN
"H KATA FUSIN "ODO$ "HDONH. KAI "ENI LOGWI SKOPEI5
'EI SOI4 METRIO$ "O LOGO$ "O$ 'AN4 FHI TO 'EK TH$ 'APEIROU KAI
<P 32B>
PERATO$ KATA FUSIN 'EMYUCON GEGONO$ 'EIDO$, "OPER 'ELEGON 'EN
TW*I PROSQEN, "OTAN MEN TOUTO FQEIRHTAI, THN MEN FQORAN
LUPHN 'EINAI, THN D' 'EI$ THN "AUTWN 'OUSIAN "ODON, TAUTHN DE
'AU PALIN THN 'ANACWRHSIN PANTWN "HDONHN.
PRW _ 'ESTW; DOKEI0 GAR MOI TUPON GE TINA 'ECEIN.
SW _ TOUTO MEN-TOINUN "EN 'EIDO$ TIQWMEQA LUPH$ TE-KAI
"HDONH$ 'EN TOUTOI$ TOI$ PAQESIN "EKATEROI$:
PRW _ KEISQW.
SW _ TIQEI TOINUN 'AUTH$ TH$ YUCH$ KATA TO TOUTWN TWN
<P 32C>
PAQHMATWN PROSDOKHMA TO MEN PRO TWN "HDEWN 'ELPIZOMENON "HDU
KAI QARRALEON, TO DE PRO TWN LUPHRWN FOBERON KAI 'ALGEINON.
PRW _ 'ESTI GAR-'OUN TOUQ' "HDONH$ KAI LUPH$ "ETERON
'EIDO$, TO CWRI$ TOU* SWMATO$ 'AUTH$ TH$ YUCH$ DIA= PROSDOKIA$
GIGNOMENON.
SW _ 'ORQW$ "UPELABE$. 'EN GAR TOUTOI$ 'OIMAI, KATA GE
THN 'EMHN DOXAN, 'EILIKRINESIN TE "EKATEROI$ GIGNOMENOI$, "W$
DOKEI0, KAI 'AMEIKTOI$ LUPH$ TE-KAI "HDONH$, 'EMFANE$ 'ESESQAI
<P 32D>
TO PERI= THN "HDONHN, POTERON "OLON 'ESTI TO GENO$ 'ASPASTON,
'H= TOUTO MEN "ETERWI TINI TWN PROEIRHMENWN DOTEON "HMIN GENWN,
"HDONHI DE-KAI LUPHI, KAQAPER QERMWI KAI YUCRWI KAI PASI TOI$
TOIOUTOI$, TOTE= MEN 'ASPASTEON 'AUTA, TOTE= DE 'OUK 'ASPASTEON,
"W$ 'AGAQA MEN 'OUK 'ONTA 'ENIOTE DE-KAI 'ENIA DECOMENA THN
TWN 'AGAQWN 'ESTIN "OTE FUSIN.
PRW _ 'ORQOTATA LEGEI$, "OTI4 TAUTHI PHI DEI DIAPORHQHNAI
TO NU*N METADIWKOMENON.
SW _ PRWTON MEN-TOINUN TODE SUNIDWMEN; "W$8 'EIPER
<P 32E>
'ONTW$ 'ESTI TO LEGOMENON, DIAFQEIROMENWN MEN 'AUTWN 'ALGHDWN,
'ANASWIZOMENWN DE "HDONH, TWN MHTE DIAFQEIROMENWN
MHTE 'ANASWIZOMENWN 'ENNOHSWMEN PE=RI, TI=NA POTE "EXIN DEI
TO=TE 'EN "EKASTOI$ 'EINAI TOI$ ZWIOI$, "OTAN "OUTW$ 'ISCHI5. SFO=DRA
DE PROSECWN TON NOUN 'EIPE=; 'A*RA 'OU PASA 'ANAGKH PAN 'EN
TW*I TO=TE CRONWI ZWION MHTE TI LUPEISQAI MHTE "HDESQAI MHTE
MEGA MHTE SMIKRON:
PRW _ 'ANAGKH MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'ESTI TI$ TRITH "HMWN "H TOIAUTH DIAQESI$


<P 33A>
PARA TE THN TOU* CAIRONTO$ KAI PARA THN TOU* LUPOUMENOU:
PRW _ TI= MHN:
SW _ 'AGE DH-TOINUN, TAUTH$ PROQUMOU MEMNHSQAI. PRO$
GAR THN TH$ "HDONH$ KRISIN 'OU SMIKRON MEMNHSQAI TAUTHN
'ESQ' "HMIN 'H= MH. BRACU DE TI PERI= 'AUTH$, 'EI BOULEI,
DIAPERANWMEN.
PRW _ LEGE POI*ON.
SW _ TW*I8 TON TOU* FRONEIN "ELOMENWI8 BION 'OISQ' "W$
TOUTON TON TROPON 'OUDEN 'APOKWLUEI0 ZHN.
<P 33B>
PRW _ TON TOU* MH CAIREIN MHDE LUPEISQAI LEGEI$:
SW _ 'ERRHQH GAR-POU TO=TE 'EN THI PARABOLHI TWN BIWN
MHDEN DEIN MHTE MEGA MHTE SMIKRON CAIREIN TW*I TON TOU*
NOEIN KAI FRONEIN BION "ELOMENWI.
PRW _ KAI MALA "OUTW$, 'ERRHQH.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "OUTW$ 'AN4 'EKEINWI GE "UPARCOI; KAI 'ISW$
'OUDEN 'ATOPON 'EI PANTWN TWN BIWN 'ESTI QEIOTATO$.
PRW _ 'OU=KOUN 'EIKO$ GE-'OUTE CAIREIN QEOU$ 'OUTE TO
'ENANTION.
SW _ PANU MEN-'OUN 'OUK 'EIKO$; 'ASCHMON GOUN 'AUTWN
"EKATERON GIGNOMENON 'ESTIN. 'ALLA=-DH TOUTO MEN 'ETI KAI 'EI$
<P 33C>
'AUQI$ 'EPISKEYOMEQA, 'EA=N PRO$ LOGON TI 'HI, KAI TW*I NWI PRO$
TA DEUTEREIA, 'EA=N MH PRO$ TA PRWTEIA DUNWMEQA PROSQEINAI,
PROSQHSOMEN.
PRW _ 'ORQOTATA LEGEI$.
SW _ KAI-MHN TO GE "ETERON 'EIDO$ TWN "HDONWN, "O= TH$
YUCH$ 'AUTH$ 'EFAMEN 'EINAI, DIA= MNHMH$ PAN 'ESTI GEGONO$.
PRW _ PW*$:
SW _ MNHMHN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "OTI2 POT' 'ESTIN PROTERON 'ANALHPTEON,
KAI KINDUNEUEI0 PALIN 'ETI PROTERON 'AISQHSIN MNHMH$,
'EI MELLEI0 TA PERI= TAUQ' "HMIN KATA TROPON FANERA PHI
GENHSESQAI.
<P 33D>
PRW _ PW*$ FH=I$:
SW _ QE$ TWN PERI= TO SWMA "HMWN "EKASTOTE PAQHMATWN
TA MEN 'EN TW*I SWMATI KATASBENNUMENA PRIN 'EPI THN YUCHN
DIEXELQEIN 'APAQH 'EKEINHN 'EASANTA, TA DE DI' 'AMFOIN 'IONTA
KAI TINA "WSPER SEISMON 'ENTIQENTA 'IDION TE-KAI KOINON
"EKATERWI.
PRW _ KEISQW.
SW _ TA MEN-DH MH DI' 'AMFOIN 'IONTA 'EA=N THN YUCHN
"HMWN FWMEN LANQANEIN, TA DE DI' 'AMFOIN MH LANQANEIN, 'A*R'
'ORQOTATA 'EROUMEN2:
<P 33E>
PRW _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ TO TOINUN LELHQENAI MHDAMW$ "UPOLABHI$ "W$ LEGW0
LHQH$ 'ENTAUQA POU GENESIN; 'ESTI GAR LHQH MNHMH$ 'EXODO$,
"H D' 'EN TW*I LEGOMENWI NU*N 'OUPW GEGONE0. TOU* DH-MHTE 'ONTO$
MHTE GEGONOTO$ PW GIGNESQAI FANAI0 TINA 'APOBOLHN 'ATOPON.
'H*-GAR:
PRW _ TI= MHN:
SW _ TA TOINUN 'ONOMATA METABALE MONON.
PRW _ PW*$:
SW _ 'ANTI MEN TOU* LELHQENAI THN YUCHN, "OTAN 'APAQH$
"AU=TH GIGNHTAI TWN SEISMWN TWN TOU* SWMATO$, "HN NU*N LHQHN


<P 34A>
KALEI$0 'ANAISQHSIAN 'EPONOMASON2.
PRW _ 'EMAQON.
SW _ TO D' 'EN "ENI PAQEI THN YUCHN KAI TO SWMA KOINHI
GIGNOMENON KOINHI KAI KINEISQAI, TAUTHN D' 'AU THN KINHSIN
'ONOMAZWN 'AISQHSIN 'OUK 'APO TROPOU FQEGGOI' 'AN4.
PRW _ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'HDH MANQANOMEN "O= BOULOMEQA KALEIN0 THN
'AISQHSIN:
PRW _ TI= MHN:
SW _ SWTHRIAN TOINUN 'AISQHSEW$ THN MNHMHN LEGWN
'ORQW$ 'AN4 TI$ LEGOI KATA GE THN 'EMHN DOXAN.
<P 34B>
PRW _ 'ORQW$ GAR-'OUN.
SW _ MNHMH$ DE 'ANAMNHSIN 'A*R' 'OU DIAFEROUSAN LEGOMEN:
PRW _ 'ISW$.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OU TODE:
PRW _ TO POI*ON:
SW _ "OTAN "A META TOU* SWMATO$ 'EPASCEN POQ' "H YUCH,
TAUT' 'ANEU TOU* SWMATO$ 'AUTH 'EN "EAUTHI "OTI2 MALISTA 'ANALAMBANHI5,
TO=TE 'ANAMIMNHISKESQAI POU LEGOMEN. 'H*-GAR:
PRW _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ KAI-MHN-KAI "OTAN 'APOLESASA MNHMHN 'EI=T' 'AISQHSEW$
'EI=T' 'AU MAQHMATO$ 'AUQI$ TAUTHN 'ANAPOLHSHI6 PALIN
<P 34C>
'AUTH 'EN "EAUTHI KAI TAUTA SUMPANTA 'ANAMNHSEI$ KAI8 MNHMA$8
POU LEGOMEN.
PRW _ 'ORQW$ LEGEI$.
SW _ "OU DH CARIN "APANT' 'EIRHTAI TAUT', 'ESTI TODE.
PRW _ TO POI*ON:
SW _ "INA PHI THN YUCH$ "HDONHN CWRI$ SWMATO$ "OTI2
MALISTA KAI 'ENARGESTATA LABOIMEN, KAI "AMA 'EPIQUMIAN; DIA=
GAR TOUTWN PW$ TAUTA 'AMFO=TERA 'EOIKEN0 DHLOUSQAI.
PRW _ LEGWMEN TOINUN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'HDH TO META TAUTA.
SW _ POLLA GE PERI= GENESIN "HDONH$ KAI PASAN THN8
<P 34D>
MORFHN 'AUTH$ 'ANAGKAION, "W$ 'EOIKE0, LEGONTA$ SKOPEIN. KAI-GAR
NU*N PROTERON 'ETI FAINETAI LHPTEON 'EPIQUMIAN 'EINAI TI=
POT' 'ESTI KAI POU* GIGNETAI.
PRW _ SKOPWMEN TOINUN; 'OUDEN GAR 'APOLOUMEN.
SW _ 'APOLOUMEN MEN-'OUN-KAI8 TAUTA GE, 'W* PRWTARCE;
"EURONTE$ "O= NU*N ZHTOUMEN, 'APOLOUMEN THN PERI= 'AUTA TAUTA
'APORIAN.
PRW _ 'ORQW$ 'HMUNW; TO D' 'EFEXH$ TOUTOI$ PEIRWMEQA2
LEGEIN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N NUNDH PEINHN TE-KAI DIYO$ KAI POLLA "E=TERA
<P 34E>
TOIAUTA 'EFAMEN 'EINAI TINA$ 'EPIQUMIA$:
PRW _ SFO=DRA GE.
SW _ PRO$ TI= POTE 'A=RA 'TAUTON BLEYANTE$ "OUTW POLU
DIAFERONTA TAUQ' "ENI PROSAGOREUOMEN 'ONOMATI:
PRW _ MA DI=' 'OU "RA\DION 'ISW$ 'EIPEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALL'
"OMW$ LEKTEON.
SW _ 'EKEIQEN DH 'EK TWN 'AUTWN PALIN 'ANALABWMEN.
PRW _ PO=QEN DH:
SW _ DIYHI0 GE-POU LEGOMEN "EKASTOTE TI:
PRW _ PW*$ D' 'OU=
SW _ TOUTO DE-G' 'ESTI KENOUTAI:
PRW _ TI= MHN:
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN TO DIYO$ 'ESTIN 'EPIQUMIA:
PRW _ NAI, PWMATO$ GE.


<P 35A>
SW _ PWMATO$, 'H= PLHRWSEW$ PWMATO$:
PRW _ 'OIMAI MEN PLHRWSEW$.
SW _ "O KENOUMENO$ "HMWN 'A=RA, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'EPIQUMEI0 TWN
'ENANTIWN 'H= PASCEI0; KENOUMENO$ GAR 'ERA*I0 PLHROUSQAI.
PRW _ SAFESTATA GE.
SW _ TI= 'OUN: "O TO PRWTON KENOUMENO$ 'ESTIN "OPOQEN 'EI=T'
'AISQHSEI PLHRWSEW$ 'EFAPTOIT' 'AN4 'EITE MNHMHI, TOUTOU "O=
MHT' 'EN TW*I NU*N CRONWI PASCEI0 MHT' 'EN TW*I PROSQEN PWPOTE
'EPAQEN:
PRW _ KAI PW*$:
<P 35B>
SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN "O GE 'EPIQUMWN TINO$ 'EPIQUMEI0, FAMEN.
PRW _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA "O= GE PASCEI0, TOUTOU 'EPIQUMEI0. DIYHI0 GAR,
TOUTO DE KENWSI$; "O D' 'EPIQUMEI0 PLHRWSEW$.
PRW _ NAI.
SW _ PLHRWSEW$ G'-'A=RA PHI TI TWN TOU* DIYWNTO$ 'AN4
'EFAPTOITO.
PRW _ 'ANAGKAION.
SW _ TO MEN-DH SWMA 'ADUNATON; KENOUTAI GAR-POU.
PRW _ NAI.
SW _ THN YUCHN 'A=RA TH$ PLHRWSEW$ 'EFAPTESQAI LOIPON,
<P 35C>
THI MNHMHI DHLON "OTI4; TW*I2 GAR 'AN4 'ET' 'ALLWI 'EFAYAITO:
PRW _ SCEDON 'OUDENI.
SW _ MANQANOMEN 'OUN "O= SUMBEBHC'0 "HMIN 'EK TOUTWN TWN
LOGWN:
PRW _ TO POI*ON:
SW _ SWMATO$ 'EPIQUMIAN 'OU FHSIN "HMIN "OUTO$ "O LOGO$
GIGNESQAI.
PRW _ PW*$:
SW _ "OTI4 TOI$ 'EKEINOU PAQHMASIN 'ENANTIAN 'AEI PANTO$
ZWIOU MHNUEI0 THN 'EPICEIRHSIN.
PRW _ KAI MALA.
SW _ "H D' "ORMH GE 'EPI 'TOUNANTION 'AGOUSA 'H= TA
PAQHMATA DHLOI0 POU MNHMHN 'OUSAN TWN TOI$ PAQHMASIN
'ENANTIWN.
PRW _ PANU GE.
<P 35D>
SW _ THN 'A=RA 'EPAGOUSAN 'EPI TA 'EPIQUMOUMENA 'APODEIXA$
MNHMHN "O LOGO$ YUCH$ SUMPASAN THN TE "ORMHN KAI 'EPIQUMIAN
KAI THN 'ARCHN TOU* ZWIOU PANTO$ 'APEFHNEN.
PRW _ 'ORQOTATA.
SW _ DIYHN 'A=RA "HMWN TO SWMA 'H= PEINHN 'H= TI TWN
TOIOUTWN PASCEIN 'OUDAMHI "O LOGO$ "AIREI0.
PRW _ 'ALHQESTATA.
SW _ 'ETI DH-KAI TODE PERI= 'TAUTA TAUTA KATANOHSWMEN.
BIOU GAR 'EIDO$ TI MOI FAINETAI BOULESQAI DHLOUN0 "O LOGO$
"HMIN 'EN TOUTOI$ 'AUTOI$.
<P 35E>
PRW _ 'EN TI=SI KAI POI=OU PE=RI BIOU FRAZEI$:
SW _ 'EN TW*I PLHROUSQAI KAI KENOUSQAI KAI PASIN "OSA
PERI= SWTHRIAN TE 'ESTI TWN ZWIWN KAI THN FQORAN, KAI 'EI TI$
TOUTWN 'EN "EKATERWI GIGNOMENO$ "HMWN 'ALGEI0, TOTE= DE CAIREI0
KATA TA$ METABOLA$.
PRW _ 'ESTI TAUTA.
SW _ TI= D' "OTAN 'EN MESWI TOUTWN GIGNHTAI:
PRW _ PW*$ 'EN MESWI:
SW _ DIA= MEN TO PAQO$ 'ALGHI5, MEMNHTAI DE TWN "HDEWN "WN7
GENOMENWN PAUOIT' 'AN4 TH$ 'ALGHDONO$, PLHRWTAI DE MHPW; TI=


<P 36A>
TO=TE: FWMEN 'H= MH FWMEN 'AUTON 'EN MESWI TWN PAQHMATWN 'EINAI:
PRW _ FWMEN MEN-'OUN.
SW _ POTERON 'ALGOUNQ' "OLW$ 'H= CAIRONTA:
PRW _ MA DI=', 'ALLA= DIPLHI TINI LUPHI LUPOUMENON, KATA
MEN TO SWMA 'EN TW*I PAQHMATI, KATA DE THN YUCHN PROSDOKIA$
TINI POQWI.
SW _ PW*$, 'W* PRWTARCE, TO DIPLOUN TH$ LUPH$ 'EIPE$: 'A*R'
'OUK 'ESTI MEN "OTE TI$ "HMWN KENOUMENO$ 'EN 'ELPIDI FANERA*I TOU*
<P 36B>
PLHRWQHSESQAI KAQESTHKE0, TOTE= DE 'TOUNANTION 'ANELPISTW$
'ECEI0:
PRW _ KAI MALA GE.
SW _ MWN 'OUN 'OUCI 'ELPIZWN MEN PLHRWQHSESQAI TW*I
MEMNHSQAI DOKEI0 SOI4 CAIREIN, "AMA DE KENOUMENO$ 'EN TOUTOI$
TOI$8 CRONOI$8 'ALGEIN:
PRW _ 'ANAGKH.
SW _ TO=TE 'A=R' 'ANQRWPO$ KAI 'TALLA ZWIA LUPEITAI TE "AMA
KAI CAIREI0.
PRW _ KINDUNEUEI0.
SW _ TI= D' "OTAN 'ANELPISTW$ 'ECHI5 KENOUMENO$ TEUXESQAI
PLHRWSEW$: 'A*R' 'OU TO=TE TO DIPLOUN GIGNOIT' 'AN4 PERI= TA$
LUPA$ PAQO$, "O= SU NUNDH KATIDWN 'WIHQH$ "APLW$ 'EINAI
<P 36C>
DIPLOUN:
PRW _ 'ALHQESTATA, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ TAUTHI DH THI SKEYEI TOUTWN TWN PAQHMATWN TODE
CRHSWMEQA.
PRW _ TO POI*ON:
SW _ POTERON 'ALHQEI$ TAUTA$ TA$ LUPA$ TE-KAI "HDONA$ 'H=
YEUDEI$ 'EINAI LEXOMEN: 'H= TA$ MEN TINA$ 'ALHQEI$, TA$ D' 'OU=:
PRW _ PW*$ D', 'W* SWKRATE$, 'AN4 'EIEN YEUDEI$ "HDONAI 'H=
LUPAI:
SW _ PW*$ DE, 'W* PRWTARCE, FOBOI 'AN4 'ALHQEI$ 'H= YEUDEI$,
'H= PROSDOKIAI 'ALHQEI$ 'H= MH, 'H= DOXAI 'ALHQEI$ 'H= YEUDEI$:
<P 36D>
PRW _ DOXA$ MEN 'EGWG' 'AN4 POU SUGCWROIHN, TA D' "E=TERA
TAUT' 'OUK 'AN4.
SW _ PW*$ FH=I$: LOGON MENTOI TINA KINDUNEUOMEN 'OU PANU
SMIKRON 'EPEGEIREIN.
PRW _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW _ 'ALL' 'EI PRO$ TA PARELHLUQOTA, 'W* PAI 'KEINOU
'TANDRO$, PROSHKONTA, TOUTO SKEPTEON.
PRW _ 'ISW$ TOUTO GE.
SW _ CAIREIN TOINUN DEI LEGEIN TOI$ 'ALLOI$ MHKESIN 'H=-KAI
"OTWIOUN TWN PARA TO PROSHKON LEGOMENWN.
PRW _ 'ORQW$.
<P 36E>
SW _ LEGE DH MOI; QAUMA GAR ME GE 'ECEI0 DIA= TELOU$ 'AEI
PERI= TA 'AUTA "A NUNDH PROUQEMEQA 'APORHMATA. PW*$ DH FH=I$:
YEUDEI$, "AI D' 'ALHQEI$ 'OUK 'EISIN "HDONAI:
PRW _ PW*$ GAR 'AN4:
SW _ 'OUTE-DH 'ONAR 'OUQ' "UPAR, "W$ FH=I$, 'ESTIN8 'OUT' 'EN
MANIAI$ 'OUT' 'EN PARAFROSUNAI$ 'OUDEI$ 'ESQ' "OSTI$ POTE DOKEI0
MEN CAIREIN, CAIREI0 DE 'OUDAMW$, 'OUD' 'AU DOKEI0 MEN LUPEISQAI,
LUPEITAI D' 'OU=.
PRW _ PANQ' "OUTW TAUTA, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ECEIN PANTE$
"UPEILHFAMEN.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN 'ORQW$: 'H= SKEPTEON 'EI=T' 'ORQW$ 'EITE MH
TAUTA LEGETAI:
PRW _ SKEPTEON, "W$ G' 'EGW FAIHN 'AN4.


<P 37A>
SW _ DIORISWMEQA DH SAFESTERON 'ETI TO NUNDH LEGOMENON
"HDONH$ TE PE=RI KAI DOXH$. 'ESTIN GAR-POU TI DOXAZEIN
"HMIN:
PRW _ NAI.
SW _ KAI "HDESQAI:
PRW _ NAI.
SW _ KAI-MHN-KAI TO DOXAZOMENON 'ESTI TI:
PRW _ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
SW _ KAI TO GE "WI TO "HDOMENON "HDETAI:
PRW _ KAI PANU GE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TO DOXAZON, 'ANTE 'ORQW$ 'ANTE MH 'ORQW$
DOXAZHI5, TO GE DOXAZEIN 'ONTW$ 'OUDEPOTE 'APOLLUSIN0.
<P 37B>
PRW _ PW*$ GAR 'AN4:
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TO "HDOMENON, 'ANTE 'ORQW$ 'ANTE MH 'ORQW$
"HDHTAI, TO GE 'ONTW$ "HDESQAI DHLON "W$ 'OUDEPOT' 'APOLEI2.
PRW _ NAI, KAI TOUQ' "OUTW$ 'ECEI0.
SW _ "OTWI POTE 'OUN-DH TROPWI DOXA YEUDH$ TE-KAI 'ALHQH$
"HMIN FILEI0 GIGNESQAI, TO DE TH$ "HDONH$ MONON 'ALHQE$,
DOXAZEIN D' 'ONTW$ KAI CAIREIN 'AMFO=TERA "OMOIW$ 'EILHCEN0
SKEPTEON7.
PRW _ SKEPTEON.
SW _ 'A*R' "OTI4 DOXHI MEN 'EPIGIGNESQON0 YEUDO$ TE-KAI
<P 37C>
'ALHQE$, KAI 'EGENETO 'OU MONON DOXA DIA= TAUTA 'ALLA=-KAI POIA=
TI$ "EKATE=RA, SKEPTEON FH=I$ TOUT' 'EINAI:
PRW _ NAI.
SW _ PRO$ DE-GE TOUTOI$, 'EI KAI TO PARAPAN "HMIN TA MEN
'ESTI POI' 'ATTA, "HDONH DE-KAI LUPH MONON "APER 'ESTI, POIW= TINE
DE 'OU GIGNESQON0, KAI TAUQ' "HMIN DIOMOLOGHTEON.
PRW _ DHLON.
SW _ 'ALL' 'OUDEN TOUTO GE CALEPON 'IDEIN, "OTI4 KAI POIW=
TINE; PALAI GAR 'EIPOMEN "OTI4 MEGALAI TE-KAI SMIKRAI KAI
SFO=DRA "EKATERAI GIGNONTAI, LUPAI TE-KAI "HDONAI.
<P 37D>
PRW _ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'AN2 DE-GE PONHRIA TOUTWN, 'W* PRWTARCE, PROSGIGNHTAI
TINI, PONHRAN MEN FHSOMEN "OUTW GIGNESQAI DOXAN, PONHRAN
DE-KAI "HDONHN:
PRW _ 'ALLA= TI= MHN, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW _ TI= D', 'AN2 'ORQOTH$ 'H= 'TOUNANTION 'ORQOTHTI TINI TOUTWN
PROSGIGNHTAI: MWN 'OUK 'ORQHN MEN DOXAN 'EROUMEN2, 'AN2 'ORQOTHTA
'ISCHI5, 'TAUTON DE "HDONHN:
PRW _ 'ANAGKAION.
<P 37E>
SW _ 'AN2 DE-GE "AMARTANOMENON TO DOXAZOMENON 'HI, THN DOXAN
TO=TE "AMARTANOUSAN GE 'OUK 'ORQHN "OMOLOGHTEON 'OUD' 'ORQW$
DOXAZOUSAN:
PRW _ PW*$ GAR 'AN4:
SW _ TI= D', 'AN2 'AU LUPHN 'H= TINA "HDONHN PERI= TO 'EF' "WI
LUPEITAI 'H= 'TOUNANTION "AMARTANOUSAN 'EFORWMEN2, 'ORQHN 'H=
CRHSTHN 'H= TI TWN KALWN 'ONOMATWN 'AUTHI PROSQHSOMEN:
PRW _ 'ALL' 'OUC "OION-TE, 'EIPER "AMARTHSETAI GE
"HDONH.
SW _ KAI-MHN 'EOIKEN0 GE "HDONH POLLAKI$ 'OU META DOXH$
'ORQH$ 'ALLA= META YEUDOU$ "HMIN GIGNESQAI.
PRW _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=: KAI THN MEN DOXAN GE, 'W* SWKRATE$,


<P 38A>
'EN TW*I TOIOUTWI KAI TO=TE LEGOMEN YEUDH, THN D' "HDONHN 'AUTHN
'OUDEI$ 'AN4 POTE PROSEIPOI YEUDH.
SW _ 'ALLA= PROQUMW$ 'AMUNEI$0 TW*I TH$ "HDONH$, 'W* PRWTARCE,
LOGWI TA NU*N.
PRW _ 'OUDEN GE, 'ALL' "APER 'AKOUW0 LEGW0.
SW _ DIAFEREI0 D' "HMIN 'OUDEN, 'W* "ETAIRE, "H META DOXH$ TE
'ORQH$ KAI MET' 'EPISTHMH$ "HDONH TH$ META TOU* YEUDOU$ KAI
'AGNOIA$ POLLAKI$ "EKASTOI$ "HMWN 'EGGIGNOMENH$:
<P 38B>
PRW _ 'EIKO$ GOUN MH SMIKRON DIAFEREIN.
SW _ TH$ DH DIAFORA$ 'AUTOIN 'EPI QEWRIAN 'ELQWMEN.
PRW _ 'AG' "OPHI SOI4 FAINETAI.
SW _ THIDE DH 'AGW0.
PRW _ PH*I:
SW _ DOXA, FAMEN, "HMIN 'ESTI MEN YEUDH$, 'ESTI DE-KAI
'ALHQH$.
PRW _ 'ESTIN.
SW _ "EPETAI MHN TAUTAI$, "O= NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN, "HDONH KAI
LUPH POLLAKI$, 'ALHQEI KAI YEUDEI DOXHI LEGW0.
PRW _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EK MNHMH$ TE-KAI 'AISQHSEW$ DOXA "HMIN KAI
TO DIADOXAZEIN 'EGCEIREIN GIGNEQ' "EKASTOTE:
<P 38C>
PRW _ KAI MALA.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN "HMA$ "WDE PERI= TAUTA 'ANAGKAION "HGOUMEQ'
'ISCEIN:
PRW _ PW*$:
SW _ POLLAKI$ 'IDONTI TINI PORRWQEN MH PANU SAFW$ TA
KAQORWMENA SUMBAINEIN BOULESQAI KRINEIN0 FAIH$ 'AN4 TAUQ'
"APER "ORA*I0:
PRW _ FAIHN 'AN4.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TO META TOUTO 'AUTO$ "AUTON "OUTO$ 'ANEROIT' 'AN4
"WDE:
PRW _ PW*$:
SW _ TI= POT' 'A=R' 'ESTI TO PARA THN PETRAN TOUQ' "ESTANAI
<P 38D>
FANTAZOMENON "UPO TINI DENDRWI: TAUT' 'EIPEIN 'AN4 TI$ PRO$
"EAUTON DOKEI0 SOI4, TOIAUT' 'ATTA KATIDWN FANTASQENTA "AUTWI
POTE:
PRW _ TI= MHN:
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN META TAUTA "O TOIOUTO$ "W$ 'APOKRINOMENO$
'AN4 PRO$ "AUTON 'EIPOI TOUTO, "W$ 'ESTIN 'ANQRWPO$, 'EPITUCW$
'EIPWN:
PRW _ KAI PANU GE.
SW _ KAI PARENECQEI$ G' 'AU TAC' 'AN4 "W$ 'ESTI TINWN
POIMENWN 'ERGON TO KAQORWMENON 'AGALMA PROSEIPOI.
PRW _ MALA GE.
<P 38E>
SW _ 'KAN2 MEN TI$ G' 'AUTWI PARHI, TA TE PRO$ "AUTON "RHQENTA
'ENTEINA$ 'EI$ FWNHN PRO$ TON PARONTA 'AUTA TAUT' 'AN4 PALIN
FQEGXAITO, KAI LOGO$ DH GEGONEN0 "OUTW$ "O= TO=TE DOXAN
'EKALOUMEN:
PRW _ TI= MHN:
SW _ 'AN2 D'-'A=RA MONO$ 'HI TOUTO 'TAUTON PRO$ "AUTON DIANOOUMENO$,
'ENIOTE KAI PLEIW CRONON 'ECWN 'EN "AUTWI POREUETAI.
PRW _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ TI= 'OUN: 'A*RA SOI4 FAINETAI TO PERI= TOUTWN "OPER
'EMOI4:
PRW _ TO POI*ON:
SW _ DOKEI0 MOI TO=TE "HMWN "H YUCH BIBLIWI TINI
PROSEOIKENAI.
PRW _ PW*$.


<P 39A>
SW _ "H MNHMH TAI$ 'AISQHSESI SUMPIPTOUSA 'EI$ 'TAUTON
'KAKEINA "A PERI= TAUT' 'ESTI TA PAQHMATA FAINONTAI MOI
SCEDON "OION GRAFEIN "HMWN 'EN TAI$ YUCAI$ TO=TE LOGOU$; KAI
"OTAN MEN 'ALHQH GRAFHI5 TOUTO8 TO8 PAQHMA8, DOXA TE 'ALHQH$
KAI LOGOI 'AP' 'AUTOU4 SUMBAINOUSIN0 'ALHQEI$ 'EN "HMIN GIGNOMENOI;
YEUDH D' "OTAN "O TOIOUTO$ PAR' "HMIN GRAMMATEU$
GRAYHI6, 'TANANTIA TOI$ 'ALHQESIN 'APEBH.
<P 39B>
PRW _ PANU MEN-'OUN DOKEI0 MOI, KAI 'APODECOMAI TA "RHQENTA
"OUTW$.
SW _ 'APODECOU DH-KAI "ETERON DHMIOURGON "HMWN 'EN TAI$
YUCAI$ 'EN TW*I TO=TE CRONWI GIGNOMENON.
PRW _ TI=NA:
SW _ ZWGRAFON, "O$ META TON GRAMMATISTHN TWN LEGOMENWN
'EIKONA$ 'EN THI YUCHI TOUTWN GRAFEI0.
PRW _ PW*$ DH TOUTON 'AU KAI PO=TE LEGOMEN:
SW _ "OTAN 'AP' 'OYEW$ 'H= TINO$ 'ALLH$ 'AISQHSEW$ TA TO=TE
DOXAZOMENA KAI LEGOMENA 'APAGAGWN TI$ TA$ TWN DOXASQENTWN5
<P 39C>
KAI LECQENTWN5 'EIKONA$ 'EN "AUTWI "ORA*I2 PW$. 'H= TOUTO 'OUK 'ESTI
GIGNOMENON PAR' "HMIN:
PRW _ SFO=DRA MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "AI MEN TWN 'ALHQWN DOXWN KAI LOGWN 'EIKONE$
'ALHQEI$, "AI DE TWN YEUDWN YEUDEI$:
PRW _ PANTAPASIN.
SW _ 'EI DH TAUT' 'ORQW$ 'EIRHKAMEN, 'ETI KAI TODE 'EPI
TOUTOI$ SKEYWMEQA.
PRW _ TO POI*ON:
SW _ 'EI PERI= MEN TWN 'ONTWN0 KAI TWN GEGONOTWN TAUTA
"HMIN "OUTW PASCEIN 'ANAGKAION, PERI= DE TWN MELLONTWN0 'OU=:
PRW _ PERI= "APANTWN MEN-'OUN TWN CRONWN "WSAUTW$.
<P 39D>
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "AI GE DIA= TH$ YUCH$ 'AUTH$ "HDONAI KAI LUPAI
'ELECQHSAN 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN "W$ PRO TWN DIA= TOU* SWMATO$
"HDONWN KAI LUPWN PROGIGNOINT' 'AN4, "WSQ' "HMIN SUMBAINEI0 TO
PROCAIREIN TE-KAI PROLUPEISQAI PERI= TON MELLONTA CRONON
'EINAI GIGNOMENON:
PRW _ 'ALHQESTATA.
SW _ POTERON 'OUN TA GRAMMATA TE-KAI ZWGRAFHMATA, "A
SMIKRWI PROTERON 'ETIQEMEN 'EN "HMIN GIGNESQAI, PERI= MEN TON
<P 39E>
GEGONOTA KAI TON PARONTA CRONON 'ESTIN, PERI= DE TON MELLONTA
'OUK 'ESTIN:
PRW _ SFO=DRA GE.
SW _ 'A*RA SFO=DRA LEGEI$, "OTI4 PANT' 'ESTI TAUTA 'ELPIDE$
'EI$ TON 'EPEITA CRONON 'OUSAI, "HMEI$ D' 'AU DIA= PANTO$ TOU*
BIOU 'AEI GEMOMEN 'ELPIDWN:
PRW _ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'AGE DH, PRO$ TOI$ NU*N 'EIRHMENOI$ KAI TODE 'APOKRINAI2.
PRW _ TO POI*ON:
SW _ DIKAIO$ 'ANHR KAI 'EUSEBH$ KAI 'AGAQO$ PANTW$ 'A*R'
'OU QEOFILH$ 'ESTIN:
PRW _ TI= MHN:
SW _ TI= DE: 'ADIKO$ TE-KAI PANTAPASI KAKO$ 'A*R' 'OU


<P 40A>
'TOUNANTION 'EKEINWI:
PRW _ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
SW _ POLLWN MHN 'ELPIDWN, "W$ 'ELEGOMEN 'ARTI, PA$
'ANQRWPO$ GEMEI0:
PRW _ TI= D' 'OU=:
SW _ LOGOI MHN 'EISIN 'EN "EKASTOI$ "HMWN, "A$ 'ELPIDA$
'ONOMAZOMEN:
PRW _ NAI.
SW _ KAI-DH-KAI TA FANTASMATA 'EZWGRAFHMENA; KAI
TI$ "ORA*I0 POLLAKI$ "EAUTWI CRUSON GIGNOMENON 'AFQONON KAI 'EP'
'AUTWI POLLA$ "HDONA$; KAI-DH-KAI 'ENEZWGRAFHMENON 'AUTON
'EF' "AUTWI CAIRONTA SFO=DRA KAQORA*I0.
<P 40B>
PRW _ TI= D' 'OU=:
SW _ TOUTWN 'OUN PO=TERA FWMEN TOI$ MEN 'AGAQOI$ "W$ TO
POLU TA GEGRAMMENA PARATIQESQAI 'ALHQH DIA= TO QEOFILEI$
'EINAI, TOI$ DE KAKOI$ "W$ 'AU TO7 POLU 'TOUNANTION, 'H= MH FWMEN:
PRW _ KAI MALA FATEON.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TOI$ KAKOI$ "HDONAI GE 'OUDEN "HTTON
PAREISIN 'EZWGRAFHMENAI, YEUDEI$ DE "AUTAI POU.
PRW _ TI= MHN:
<P 40C>
SW _ YEUDESIN 'A=RA "HDONAI$ TA POLLA "OI PONHROI CAIROUSIN0,
"OI D' 'AGAQOI TWN 'ANQRWPWN 'ALHQESIN.
PRW _ 'ANAGKAIOTATA LEGEI$.
SW _ 'EISIN DH KATA TOU$ NU*N LOGOU$ YEUDEI$ 'EN TAI$ TWN
'ANQRWPWN YUCAI$ "HDONAI, MEMIMHMENAI MENTOI TA$ 'ALHQEI$
'EPI TA GELOIO=TERA, KAI LUPAI DE "WSAUTW$.
PRW _ 'EISIN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'H*N DOXAZEIN MEN 'ONTW$ 'AEI TW*I TO PARAPAN
DOXAZONTI, MH 'EP' 'OUSI DE-MHD' 'EPI GEGONOSI MHDE 'EP'
'ESOMENOI$ 'ENIOTE.
PRW _ PANU GE.
<P 40D>
SW _ KAI TAUTA GE 'H*N 'OIMAI TA 'APERGAZOMENA DOXAN
YEUDH TO=TE KAI TO YEUDW$ DOXAZEIN. 'H*-GAR:
PRW _ NAI.
SW _ TI= 'OUN: 'OUK 'ANTAPODOTEON TAI$ LUPAI$ TE-KAI
"HDONAI$ THN TOUTWN 'ANTISTROFON "EXIN 'EN 'EKEINOI$:
PRW _ PW*$:
SW _ "W$ 'H*N MEN CAIREIN 'ONTW$ 'AEI TW*I TO PARAPAN "OPWSOUN
KAI 'EIKHI CAIRONTI, MH-MENTOI 'EPI TOI$ 'OUSI MHD' 'EPI
TOI$ GEGONOSIN 'ENIOTE, POLLAKI$ DE-KAI 'ISW$ PLEISTAKI$ 'EPI
TOI$ MHDE MELLOUSI4 POTE GENHSESQAI.
<P 40E>
PRW _ KAI TAUQ' "OUTW$ 'ANAGKAION, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ECEIN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "O 'AUTO$ LOGO$ 'AN4 'EIH PERI= FOBWN TE-KAI
QUMWN KAI PANTWN TWN TOIOUTWN, "W$ 'ESTI KAI YEUDH PANTA
TA TOIAUTA 'ENIOTE:
PRW _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ TI= DE: PONHRA$ DOXA$ KAI CRHSTA$ 'ALLW$ 'H=
YEUDEI$ GIGNOMENA$ 'ECOMEN 'EIPEIN:
PRW _ 'OUK 'ALLW$.
SW _ 'OUD' "HDONA$ G' 'OIMAI KATANOOUMEN "W$ 'ALLON TINA
TROPON 'EISIN PONHRAI PLHN TW*I YEUDEI$ 'EINAI.


<P 41A>
PRW _ PANU MEN-'OUN 'TOUNANTION, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EIRHKA$.
SCEDON GAR TW*I YEUDEI MEN 'OU PANU PONHRA$ 'AN4 TI$ LUPA$
TE-KAI "HDONA$ QEIH, MEGALHI DE 'ALLHI KAI POLLHI SUMPIPTOUSA$
PONHRIA\.
SW _ TA$ MEN-TOINUN PONHRA$ "HDONA$ KAI DIA= PONHRIAN
'OUSA$ TOIAUTA$ 'OLIGON "USTERON 'EROUMEN2, 'AN2 'ETI DOKHI5 NWIN;
TA$ DE YEUDEI$ KAT' 'ALLON TROPON 'EN "HMIN POLLA$ KAI POLLAKI$
<P 41B>
'ENOUSA$ TE-KAI 'EGGIGNOMENA$ LEKTEON. TOUTWI GAR
'ISW$ CRHSOMEQA PRO$ TA$ KRISEI$.
PRW _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=K: 'EIPER GE 'EISIN.
SW _ 'ALL', 'W* PRWTARCE, 'EISIN KATA GE THN 'EMHN.
TOUTO DE TO DOGMA "EW$ 'AN4 KEHTAI PAR' "HMIN, 'ADUNATON
'ANELEGKTON DHPOU GIGNESQAI.
PRW _ KALW$.
SW _ PERIISTWMEQA DH KAQAPER 'AQLHTAI PRO$ TOUTON 'AU
TON LOGON.
PRW _ 'IWMEN.
SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN 'EIPOMEN, 'EIPER MEMNHMEQA, 'OLIGON 'EN
<P 41C>
TOI$ PROSQEN, "W$ "OTAN "AI LEGOMENAI 'EPIQUMIAI 'EN "HMIN 'WSI,
DICA 'A=RA TO=TE TO SWMA KAI CWRI$ TH$ YUCH$ TOI$ PAQHMASI
DIEILHPTAI.
PRW _ MEMNHMEQA KAI PROERRHQH TAUTA.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TO MEN 'EPIQUMOUN 'H*N "H YUCH TWN TOU*
SWMATO$ 'ENANTIWN "EXEWN, TO DE THN 'ALGHDONA 'H= TINA DIA=
PAQO$ "HDONHN TO SWMA 'H*N TO PARECOMENON:
PRW _ 'H*N GAR-'OUN.
SW _ SULLOGIZOU DH TO GIGNOMENON 'EN TOUTOI$.
PRW _ LEGE.
<P 41D>
SW _ GIGNETAI TOINUN, "OPOTAN 'HI TAUTA, "AMA PARAKEISQAI
LUPA$ TE-KAI "HDONA$, KAI TOUTWN 'AISQHSEI$ "AMA PAR'
'ALLHLA$ 'ENANTIWN 'OUSWN GIGNESQAI, "O= KAI NUNDH 'EFANH.
PRW _ FAINETAI GOUN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TODE 'EIRHTAI KAI SUNWMOLOGHMENON "HMIN
'EMPROSQE KEITAI:
PRW _ TO POI*ON:
SW _ "W$ TO MALLON TE-KAI "HTTON 'AMFW TOUTW DECESQON0,
LUPH TE-KAI "HDONH, KAI "OTI4 TWN 'APEIRWN 'EITHN.
PRW _ 'EIRHTAI. TI= MHN:
SW _ TI=$ 'OUN MHCANH TAUT' 'ORQW$ KRINESQAI:
<P 41E>
PRW _ PH*I DH-KAI PW*$:
SW _ 'EI TO BOULHMA "HMIN TH$ KRISEW$ TOUTWN 'EN TOIOUTOI$
TISI DIAGNWNAI0 BOULETAI "EKASTOTE TI=$ TOUTWN PRO$
'ALLHLA$ MEIZWN KAI TI=$ 'ELATTWN KAI TI=$ MALLON KAI TI=$
SFODROTE=RA, LUPH TE PRO$ "HDONHN KAI LUPH PRO$ LUPHN KAI
"HDONH PRO$ "HDONHN.
PRW _ 'ALL' 'ESTI TAUTA TE TOIAUTA KAI "H BOULHSI$ TH$
KRISEW$ "AU=TH.
SW _ TI= 'OUN: 'EN MEN 'OYEI TO PORRWQEN KAI 'EGGUQEN "ORAN


<P 42A>
TA MEGEQH THN 'ALHQEIAN 'AFANIZEI0 KAI YEUDH POIEI0 DOXAZEIN,
'EN LUPAI$ D'-'A=RA-KAI "HDONAI$ 'OUK 'ESTI 'TAUTON TOUTO
GIGNOMENON:
PRW _ POLU MEN-'OUN MALLON, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'ENANTION DH TO NU*N TW*I SMIKRON 'EMPROSQE GEGONEN0.
PRW _ TO POI*ON LEGEI$:
SW _ TO=TE MEN "AI DOXAI YEUDEI$ TE-KAI 'ALHQEI$ "AUTAI
GIGNOMENAI TA$ LUPA$ TE-KAI "HDONA$ "AMA TOU* PAR' "AUTAI$
PAQHMATO$ 'ANEPIMPLASAN.
<P 42B>
PRW _ 'ALHQESTATA.
SW _ NU*N DE-GE 'AUTAI DIA= TO PORRWQEN TE-KAI 'EGGUQEN
"EKASTOTE METABALLOMENAI QEWREISQAI, KAI "AMA TIQEMENAI
PAR' 'ALLHLA$, "AI MEN "HDONAI PARA TO LUPHRON MEIZOU$ FAINONTAI
KAI SFODROTERAI, LUPAI D' 'AU DIA= TO PAR' "HDONA$
'TOUNANTION 'EKEINAI$.
PRW _ 'ANAGKH GIGNESQAI TA TOIAUTA DIA= TAUTA.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "OSWI MEIZOU$ TWN 'OUSWN "EKATERAI KAI 'ELATTOU$
FAINONTAI, TOUTO 'APOTEMOMENO$ "EKATERWN TO FAINOMENON
<P 42C>
'ALL' 'OUK 'ON, 'OUTE 'AUTO 'ORQW$ FAINOMENON 'EREI$2, 'OUD' 'AU
POTE TO 'EPI TOUTWI MERO$ TH$ "HDONH$ KAI LUPH$ GIGNOMENON
'ORQON TE-KAI 'ALHQE$ TOLMHSEI$ LEGEIN.
PRW _ 'OU-GAR-'OUN.
SW _ TOUTWN TOINUN "EXH$ 'OYOMEQA 'EA=N THIDE 'APANTWMEN2
"HDONA$ KAI LUPA$ YEUDEI$ 'ETI MALLON 'H= TAUTA$ FAINOMENA$
TE-KAI 'OUSA$ 'EN TOI$ ZWIOI$.
PRW _ POI=A$ DH-KAI PW*$ LEGEI$:
SW _ 'EIRHTAI POU POLLAKI$ "OTI4 TH$ FUSEW$ "EKASTWN
DIAFQEIROMENH$ MEN SUGKRISESI KAI DIAKRISESI KAI PLHRWSESI
<P 42D>
KAI KENWSESI KAI TISIN 'AUXAI$ KAI FQISESI LUPAI TE-KAI
'ALGHDONE$ KAI 'ODUNAI KAI PANQ' "OPOSA TOIAUT' 'ONOMATA
'ECEI0 SUMBAINEI0 GIGNOMENA.
PRW _ NAI, TAUTA 'EIRHTAI POLLAKI$.
SW _ 'EI$ DE-GE THN "AUTWN FUSIN "OTAN KAQISTHTAI,
TAUTHN 'AU THN KATASTASIN "HDONHN 'APEDEXAMEQA PAR'
"HMWN-'AUTWN.
PRW _ 'ORQW$.
SW _ TI= D' "OTAN PERI= TO SWMA MHDEN TOUTWN GIGNOMENON
"HMWN 'HI:
PRW _ PO=TE DE TOUT' 'AN4 GENOITO, 'W* SWKRATE$:
<P 42E>
SW _ 'OUDEN PRO$ LOGON 'ESTIN, 'W* PRWTARCE, "O= SU NU*N
'HROU TO 'ERWTHMA.
PRW _ TI= DH:
SW _ DIOTI THN 'EMHN 'ERWTHSIN 'OU KWLUEI$ ME DIERESQAI
SE PALIN.
PRW _ POI=AN:
SW _ 'EI D'-'OUN MH GIGNOITO, 'W* PRWTARCE, FHSW2, TO
TOIOUTON, TI= POTE 'ANAGKAION 'EX 'AUTOU4 SUMBAINEIN "HMIN:
PRW _ MH KINOUMENOU TOU* SWMATO$ 'EF' "EKA=TERA FH=I$:
SW _ "OUTW$.
PRW _ DHLON DH TOUTO GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, "W$ 'OUTE "HDONH
GIGNOIT' 'AN4 'EN TW*I TOIOUTWI POTE 'OUT' 'AN4 TI$ LUPH.


<P 43A>
SW _ KALLIST' 'EIPE$. 'ALLA=-GAR 'OIMAI TODE LEGEI$, "W$
'AEI TI TOUTWN 'ANAGKAION "HMIN SUMBAINEIN, "W$ "OI SOFOI
FASIN0; 'AEI GAR "APANTA 'ANW TE-KAI KATW "REI0.
PRW _ LEGOUSI0 GAR-'OUN, KAI DOKOUSI0 GE 'OU FAULW$
LEGEIN.
SW _ PW*$ GAR 'AN4, MH FAULOI GE 'ONTE$: 'ALLA=-GAR "UPEKSTHNAI0
TON LOGON 'EPIFEROMENON TOUTON BOULOMAI. THID' 'OUN
DIANOOUMAI FEUGEIN, KAI SU MOI SUMFEUGE.
PRW _ LEGE "OPHI:
SW _ TAUTA MEN-TOINUN "OUTW$ 'ESTW, FWMEN PRO$ TOUTOU$;
<P 43B>
SU D' 'APOKRINAI2 POTERON 'AEI PANTA, "OPOSA PASCEI0 TI TWN
'EMYUCWN, TAUT' 'AISQANETAI TO PASCON, KAI-'OUT' 'AUXANOMENOI
LANQANOMEN "HMA$-'AUTOU$ 'OUTE TI TWN TOIOUTWN 'OUDEN
PASCONTE$, 'H= PAN 'TOUNANTION.
PRW _ "APAN DHPOU 'TOUNANTION; 'OLIGOU GAR TA GE
TOIAUTA LELHQE0 PANQ' "HMA$.
SW _ 'OU-TOINUN KALW$ "HMIN 'EIRHTAI TO NUNDH "RHQEN, "W$
"AI METABOLAI KATW TE KAI 'ANW GIGNOMENAI LUPA$ TE-KAI
"HDONA$ 'APERGAZONTAI.
PRW _ TI= MHN:
<P 43C>
SW _ "WD' 'ESTAI KALLION KAI 'ANEPILHPTOTERON TO
LEGOMENON.
PRW _ PW*$:
SW _ "W$ "AI MEN MEGALAI METABOLAI LUPA$ TE-KAI "HDONA$
POIOUSIN0 "HMIN, "AI D' 'AU METRIAI TE-KAI SMIKRAI TO PARAPAN
'OUDE=TERA TOUTWN.
PRW _ 'ORQOTERON "OUTW$ 'H= 'KEINW$ 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EI TAUTA "OUTW, PALIN "O NUNDH "RHQEI$ BIO$
'AN4 "HKOI.
PRW _ POI*O$:
SW _ "ON 'ALUPON TE-KAI 'ANEU CARMONWN 'EFAMEN 'EINAI.
PRW _ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
SW _ 'EK DH TOUTWN TIQWMEN TRITTOU$ "HMIN BIOU$, "ENA
<P 43D>
MEN "HDUN, TON D' 'AU LUPHRON, TON D' "ENA MHDE=TERA. 'H= PW*$
'AN4 FAIH$ SU PERI= TOUTWN:
PRW _ 'OUK 'ALLW$ 'EGWGE 'H= TAUTHI, TREI$ 'EINAI TOU$ BIOU$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'OUK 'AN4 'EIH TO MH LUPEISQAI POTE 'TAUTON TW*I
CAIREIN:
PRW _ PW*$ GAR 'AN4:
SW _ "OPOTAN 'OUN 'AKOUSHI$ "W$ "HDISTON PANTWN 'ESTIN
'ALUPW$ DIATELEIN0 TON BION "APANTA, TI= TO=Q' "UPOLAMBANEI$
LEGEIN TON TOIOUTON:
PRW _ "HDU LEGEIN FAINETAI 'EMOIGE "OUTO$ TO MH LUPEISQAI.
<P 43E>
SW _ TRIWN 'ONTWN0 'OUN "HMIN, "WNTINWN BOULEI, TIQEI, KALLIOSIN
"INA 'ONOMASI CRWMEQA2, TO MEN CRUSON, TO D' 'ARGURON,
TRITON DE TO MHDE=TERA TOUTWN.
PRW _ KEITAI.
SW _ TO DH MHDE=TERA TOUTWN 'ESQ' "HMIN "OPW$ QATERA
GENOITO 'AN4, CRUSO$ 'H= 'ARGURO$:
PRW _ KAI PW*$ 'AN4:
SW _ 'OUD'-'A=RA "O MESO$ BIO$ "HDU$ 'H= LUPHRO$ LEGOMENO$
'ORQW$ 'AN4 POTE 'OUT' 'EI DOXAZOI TI$, DOXAZOITO, 'OUT' 'EI LEGOI,
LECQEIH, KATA GE TON 'ORQON LOGON.
PRW _ PW*$ GAR 'AN4:


<P 44A>
SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN, 'W* "ETAIRE, LEGONTWN0 GE TAUTA KAI
DOXAZONTWN0 'AISQANOMEQA.
PRW _ KAI MALA.
SW _ POTERON 'OUN-KAI CAIREIN 'OIONTAI TO=TE "OTAN MH
LUPWNTAI:
PRW _ FASI0 GOUN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'OIONTAI TO=TE CAIREIN; 'OU-GAR 'AN4 'ELEGON POU.
PRW _ KINDUNEUEI0.
SW _ YEUDH GE-MHN DOXAZOUSI0 PERI= TOU* CAIREIN, 'EIPER
CWRI$ TOU* MH LUPEISQAI KAI TOU* CAIREIN "H FUSI$ "EKATEROU.
PRW _ KAI-MHN CWRI$ GE 'H*N.
SW _ POTERON 'OUN "AIRWMEQA PAR' "HMIN TAUT' 'EINAI, KAQAPER
<P 44B>
'ARTI, TRIA, 'H= DUO MONA, LUPHN MEN KAKON TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$,
THN D' 'APALLAGHN TWN LUPWN, 'AUTO TOUTO 'AGAQON 'ON, "HDU
PROSAGOREUESQAI:
PRW _ PW*$ DH NU*N TOUTO, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ERWTWMEQA0 "UF'
"HMWN-'AUTWN: 'OU-GAR MANQANW0.
SW _ 'ONTW$ GAR TOU$ POLEMIOU$ FILHBOU TOUDE, 'W* PRWTARCE,
'OU MANQANEI$:
PRW _ LEGEI$ DE 'AUTOU$ TI=NA$:
SW _ KAI MALA DEINOU$ LEGOMENOU$ TA PERI= FUSIN, "OI= TO
PARAPAN "HDONA$ 'OU FASIN0 'EINAI.
PRW _ TI= MHN:
<P 44C>
SW _ LUPWN TAUTA$ 'EINAI PASA$ 'APOFUGA$, "A$ NU*N "OI PERI=
FILHBON "HDONA$ 'EPONOMAZOUSIN0.
PRW _ TOUTOI$ 'OUN "HMA$ PO=TERA PEIQESQAI SUMBOULEUEI$,
'H= PW*$, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW _ 'OU=K, 'ALL' "WSPER MANTESI PROSCRHSQAI TISI, MANTEUOMENOI$
'OU TECNHI 'ALLA= TINI DUSCEREIA\ FUSEW$ 'OUK 'AGENNOU$
LIAN MEMISHKOTWN THN TH$ "HDONH$ DUNAMIN KAI NENOMIKOTWN
'OUDEN "UGIE$, "WSTE KAI 'AUTO TOUTO 'AUTH$ TO 'EPAGWGON GOHTEUMA,
<P 44D>
'OUC "HDONHN, 'EINAI. TOUTOI$ MEN-'OUN TAUTA 'AN4 PROSCRHSAIO,
SKEYAMENO$ 'ETI KAI TA 'A=LLA 'AUTWN DUSCERASMATA; META DE
TAUTA "AI= GE MOI DOKOUSIN0 "HDONAI 'ALHQEI$ 'EINAI PEUSHI, "INA
'EX 'AMFOIN TOIN LOGOIN SKEYAMENOI THN DUNAMIN 'AUTH$ PARAQWMEQA
PRO$ THN KRISIN.
PRW _ 'ORQW$ LEGEI$.
SW _ METADIWKWMEN DH TOUTOU$, "WSPER SUMMACOU$, KATA
TO TH$ DUSCEREIA$ 'AUTWN 'ICNO$. 'OIMAI GAR TOIONDE TI LEGEIN
'AUTOU$, 'ARCOMENOU$ POQEN 'ANWQEN, "W$ 'EI BOULHQEIMEN "OTOUOUN
<P 44E>
'EIDOU$ THN FUSIN 'IDEIN, "OION THN TOU* SKLHROU, POTERON 'EI$ TA
SKLHROTATA 'APOBLEPONTE$ "OUTW$ 'AN4 MALLON SUNNOHSAIMEN
'H= PRO$ TA POLLOSTA SKLHROTHTI: DEI DH SE, 'W* PRWTARCE,
KAQAPER 'EMOI4, KAI TOUTOI$ TOI$ DUSCERESIN 'APOKRINESQAI.
PRW _ PANU MEN-'OUN, KAI LEGW0 GE 'AUTOI$ "OTI4 PRO$ TA
PRWTA MEGEQEI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EI KAI TO TH$ "HDONH$ GENO$ 'IDEIN "HNTINA
POT' 'ECEI0 FUSIN BOULHQEIMEN, 'OUK 'EI$ TA$ POLLOSTA$ "HDONA$


<P 45A>
'APOBLEPTEON, 'ALL' 'EI$ TA$ 'AKROTATA$ KAI SFODROTATA$
LEGOMENA$.
PRW _ PA$ 'AN4 SOI4 TAUTHI SUGCWROIH TA NU*N.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN, "AI PROCEIROI GE "AIPER KAI MEGISTAI TWN
"HDONWN, "O= LEGOMEN POLLAKI$, "AI PERI= TO SWMA 'EISIN "AUTAI:
PRW _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ POTERON 'OUN-KAI MEIZOU$ 'EISI KAI GIGNONTAI PERI= TOU$
KAMNONTA$ 'EN TAI$ NOSOI$ 'H= PERI= "UGIAINONTA$: 'EULABHQWMEN
DE MH PROPETW$ 'APOKRINOMENOI PTAISWMEN PHI. TACA GAR
<P 45B>
'ISW$ FAIMEN 'AN4 PERI= "UGIAINONTA$.
PRW _ 'EIKO$ GE.
SW _ TI= D': 'OUC "AUTAI TWN "HDONWN "UPERBALLOUSIN0, "WN 'AN4
KAI 'EPIQUMIAI MEGISTAI PROGIGNWNTAI:
PRW _ TOUTO MEN 'ALHQE$.
SW _ 'ALL' 'OUC "OI PURETTONTE$ KAI 'EN TOIOUTOI$ NOSHMASIN
'ECOMENOI MALLON DIYWSI0 KAI "RIGOUSI0 KAI PANTA "OPOSA DIA=
TOU* SWMATO$ 'EIWQASI PASCEIN, MALLON T' 'ENDEIA\ SUGGIGNONTAI
KAI 'APOPLHROUMENWN MEIZOU$ "HDONA$ 'ISCOUSIN0: 'H= TOUTO 'OU
FHSOMEN 'ALHQE$ 'EINAI:
PRW _ PANU MEN-'OUN NU*N "RHQEN FAINETAI.
<P 45C>
SW _ TI= 'OUN: 'ORQW$ 'AN4 FAINOIMEQA LEGONTE$ "W$ 'EI TI$
TA$ MEGISTA$ "HDONA$ 'IDEIN BOULOITO, 'OUK 'EI$ "UGIEIAN 'ALL' 'EI$
NOSON 'IONTA$ DEI SKOPEIN: "ORA DE MH ME "HGHI30 DIANOOUMENON
'ERWTAN SE 'EI PLEIW CAIROUSIN0 "OI SFO=DRA NOSOUNTE$ TWN
"UGIAINONTWN0, 'ALL' 'OIOU MEGEQO$ ME ZHTEIN "HDONH$, KAI TO
SFO=DRA PERI= TOU* TOIOUTOU POU* POTE GIGNETAI "EKASTOTE.
NOHSAI0 GAR DEI FAMEN "HNTINA FUSIN 'ECEI0 KAI TI=NA LEGOUSIN0
"OI FASKONTE$ MHD' 'EINAI TO PARAPAN 'AUTHN.
<P 45D>
PRW _ 'ALLA= SCEDON "EPOMAI TW*I LOGWI SOU4.
SW _ TACA, 'W* PRWTARCE, 'OUC "HTTON DEIXEI$. 'APOKRINAI2
GAR; 'EN "UBREI MEIZOU$ "HDONA$ % 'OU PLEIOU$ LEGW0, TW*I SFO=DRA
DE-KAI TW*I MALLON "UPERECOUSA$ % "ORA*I$0 'H= 'EN TW*I SWFRONI BIWI:
LEGE DE PROSECWN TON NOUN.
PRW _ 'ALL' 'EMAQON "O= LEGEI$, KAI POLU TO DIAFERON
"ORW0. TOU$ MEN-GAR SWFRONA$ POU-KAI "O PAROIMIAZOMENO$
<P 45E>
'EPISCEI0 LOGO$ "EKASTOTE, "O TO MHDEN 'AGAN PARAKELEUOMENO$,
"WI PEIQONTAI; TO DE TWN 'AFRONWN TE-KAI "UBRISTWN
MECRI MANIA$ "H SFODRA= "HDONH KATECOUSA PERIBOHTOU$
'APERGAZETAI.
SW _ KALW$; KAI 'EI GE TOUQ' "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, DHLON "W$ 'EN
TINI PONHRIA\ YUCH$ KAI TOU* SWMATO$, 'ALL' 'OUK 'EN 'ARETHI
MEGISTAI MEN "HDONAI, MEGISTAI DE-KAI LUPAI GIGNONTAI.
PRW _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TOUTWN TINA$ PROELOMENON DEI SKOPEISQAI
TI=NA POTE TROPON 'ECOUSA$ 'ELEGOMEN 'AUTA$ 'EINAI MEGISTA$.


<P 46A>
PRW _ 'ANAGKH.
SW _ SKOPEI5 DH TA$ TWN TOIWNDE NOSHMATWN "HDONA$, TI=NA
POTE 'ECOUSI0 TROPON.
PRW _ POI=WN:
SW _ TA$ TWN 'ASCHMONWN, "A$ "OU$ 'EIPOMEN DUSCEREI$
MISOUSI0 PANTELW$.
PRW _ POI=A$:
SW _ "OION TA$ TH$ YWRA$ 'IASEI$ TW*I TRIBEIN KAI "OSA
TOIAUTA, 'OUK 'ALLH$ DEOMENA FARMAXEW$; TOUTO GAR-DH TO
PAQO$ "HMIN, 'W* PRO$ QEWN, TI= POTE FWMEN 'EGGIGNESQAI:
POTERON "HDONHN 'H= LUPHN:
PRW _ SUMMEIKTON TOUTO G'-'A=R', 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EOIKE0
GIGNESQAI TI KAKON.
<P 46B>
SW _ 'OU-MEN-DH FILHBOU GE "ENEKA PAREQEMHN TON LOGON;
'ALL' 'ANEU TOUTWN, 'W* PRWTARCE, TWN "HDONWN KAI TWN TAUTAI$
"EPOMENWN, 'AN2 MH KATOFQWSI, SCEDON 'OUK 'AN4 POTE DUNAIMEQA
DIAKRINASQAI TO NU*N ZHTOUMENON.
PRW _ 'OUKOU*N 'ITEON 'EPI TA$ TOUTWN SUGGENEI$.
SW _ TA$ 'EN THI MEIXEI KOINWNOUSA$ LEGEI$:
PRW _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'EISI TOINUN MEIXEI$ "AI MEN KATA TO SWMA 'EN 'AUTOI$
<P 46C>
TOI$ SWMASIN, "AI D' 'AUTH$ TH$ YUCH$ 'EN THI YUCHI; TA$ D' 'AU
TH$ YUCH$ KAI TOU* SWMATO$ 'ANEURHSOMEN LUPA$ "HDONAI$
MEICQEISA$ TOTE= MEN "HDONA$ TA SUNAMFO=TERA, TOTE= DE LUPA$
'EPIKALOUMENA$.
PRW _ PW*$:
SW _ "OPOTAN 'EN THI KATASTASEI TI$ 'H= THI DIAFQORA*I 'TANANTIA
"AMA PAQH PASCHI5, POTE "RIGWN QERHTAI KAI QERMAINOMENO$
'ENIOTE YUCHTAI, ZHTWN 'OIMAI TO MEN 'ECEIN, TOU* DE 'APALLATTESQAI,
TO DH LEGOMENON PIKRWI GLUKU MEMEIGMENON, META
<P 46D>
DUSAPALLAKTIA$ PARON, 'AGANAKTHSIN KAI "USTERON SUNTASIN
'AGRIAN POIEI0.
PRW _ KAI MALA 'ALHQE$ TO NU*N LEGOMENON.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "AI TOIAUTAI MEIXEI$ "AI MEN 'EX 'ISWN 'EISI
LUPWN TE-KAI "HDONWN, "AI D' 'EK TWN "ETERWN PLEIONWN:
PRW _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ LEGE DH TA$ MEN, "OTAN PLEIOU$ LUPAI TWN "HDONWN
GIGNWNTAI % TA$ TH$ YWRA$ LEGOMENA$ NUNDH TAUTA$ 'EINAI
KAI TA$ TWN GARGALISMWN % "OPOTAN 'EN7 TOI$7 'ENTO$ TO ZEON
'HI KAI TO FLEGMAINON, THI TRIYEI DE-KAI THI KNHSEI MH 'EFIKNHTAI
<P 46E>
TI$, TO D' 'EPIPOLH$ MONON DIACEHI65, TOTE= FERONTE$ 'EI$ PUR 'AUTA
KAI 'EI$ 'TOUNANTION PURIAI$ METABALLONTE$ 'ENIOTE 'AMHCANOU$
"HDONA$, TOTE= DE 'TOUNANTION TOI$ 'ENTO$ PRO$ TA TWN 'EXW, LUPA$
"HDONAI$ SUGKERASQEISA$, 'EI$ "OPO=TER' 'AN4 "REYHI6, PARESCONTO
TW*I TA SUGKEKRIMENA BIA\ DIACEIN 'H= TA DIAKEKRIMENA SUGCEIN


<P 47A> %
KAI8 "OMOU LUPA$ "HDONAI$ PARATIQENAI.
PRW _ 'ALHQESTATA.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "OPOTAN 'AU PLEIWN "HDONH KATA TA7 TOIAUTA
PANTA SUMMEICQHI, TO MEN "UPOMEMEIGMENON TH$ LUPH$ GARGALIZEI0
TE-KAI 'HREMA 'AGANAKTEIN POIEI0, TO D' 'AU TH$ "HDONH$
POLU PLEON 'EGKECUMENON SUNTEINEI0 TE-KAI 'ENIOTE PHDAN POIEI0,
KAI PANTOI*A MEN CRWMATA, PANTOI*A DE SCHMATA, PANTOI*A DE
PNEUMATA 'APERGAZOMENON PASAN 'EKPLHXIN KAI BOA$ META
'AFROSUNH$ 'ENERGAZETAI:
<P 47B>
PRW _ MALA GE.
SW _ KAI LEGEIN TE, 'W* "ETAIRE, 'AUTON TE PERI= "EAUTOU POIEI0
KAI 'ALLON "W$ TAUTAI$ TAI$ "HDONAI$ TERPOMENO$ "OION 'APOQNHISKEI0;
KAI TAUTA$ GE-DH PANTAPASIN 'AEI METADIWKEI0 TOSOUTWI
MALLON "OSWI 'AN4 'AKOLASTOTERO$ TE-KAI 'AFRONESTERO$ 'WN
TUGCANHI5, KAI KALEI0 DH MEGISTA$ TAUTA$, KAI TON 'EN 'AUTAI$
"OTI2 MALIST' 'AEI ZWNTA 'EUDAIMONESTATON KATARIQMEITAI.
PRW _ PANTA, 'W* SWKRATE$, TA SUMBAINONTA PRO$ TWN
POLLWN 'ANQRWPWN 'EI$ DOXAN DIEPERANA$.
<P 47C>
SW _ PERI= GE TWN "HDONWN, 'W* PRWTARCE, TWN 'EN TOI$
KOINOI$ PAQHMASIN 'AUTOU4 TOU* SWMATO$ TWN 'EPIPOLH$ TE-KAI
'ENTO$ KERASQENTWN5; PERI= DE-G' "WN YUCH SWMATI 'TANANTIA
SUMBALLETAI, LUPHN TE "AMA PRO$ "HDONHN KAI "HDONHN PRO$
LUPHN, "WST' 'EI$ MIAN 'AMFO=TERA KRASIN 'IENAI, TAUTA 'EMPROSQE
MEN DIHLQOMEN, "W$, "OPOTAN 'AU8 KENWTAI, PLHRWSEW$ 'EPIQUMEI0,
KAI 'ELPIZWN MEN CAIREI0, KENOUMENO$ DE 'ALGEI0, TAUTA DE TO=TE
<P 47D>
MEN 'OUK 'EMARTURAMEQA, NU*N DE LEGOMEN "W$ YUCH$ PRO$ SWMA
DIAFEROMENH$ 'EN PASI TOUTOI$ PLHQEI 'AMHCANOI$ 'OUSI MEIXI$
MIA LUPH$ TE-KAI "HDONH$ SUMPIPTEI0 GENOMENH.
PRW _ KINDUNEUEI$ 'ORQOTATA LEGEIN.
SW _ 'ETI TOINUN "HMIN TWN MEIXEWN LUPH$ TE-KAI "HDONH$
LOIPH MIA.
PRW _ POI=A, FH=I$:
SW _ "HN 'AUTHN THN YUCHN "AUTHI POLLAKI$ LAMBANEIN
SUGKRASIN 'EFAMEN.
PRW _ PW*$ 'OUN-DH TOUT' 'AUTO LEGOMEN:
<P 47E>
SW _ 'ORGHN KAI FOBON KAI POQON KAI QRHNON KAI 'ERWTA
KAI ZHLON KAI FQONON KAI "OSA TOIAUTA, 'A*R' 'OUK 'AUTH$ TH$
YUCH$ TIQESAI TAUTA$ LUPA$ TINA$:
PRW _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'AUTA$ "HDONWN MESTA$ "EURHSOMEN 'AMHCANWN:
'H= DEOMEQA "UPOMIMNHISKESQAI TO8 'EN87 TOI$8 QUMOI$8 KAI8 TAI$8
'ORGAI$8, TO
"O$9 T'9 'EFEHKE9 POLUFRONA9 PER9 CALEPHNAI90
"O$9 TE9 POLU9 GLUKIWN9 MELITO$9 KATALEIBOMENOIO9,


<P 48A>
KAI TA$ 'EN TOI$ QRHNOI$ KAI POQOI$ "HDONA$ 'EN LUPAI$ 'OUSA$
'ANAMEMEIGMENA$:
PRW _ 'OU=K, 'ALL' "OUTW TAUTA GE-KAI 'OUK 'ALLW$ 'AN4
SUMBAINOI GIGNOMENA.
SW _ KAI-MHN-KAI TA$ GE TRAGIKA$ QEWRHSEI$, "OTAN "AMA
CAIRONTE$ KLAWSI MEMNHSAI:
PRW _ TI= D' 'OU=:
SW _ THN D' 'EN TAI$ KWMWIDIAI$ DIAQESIN "HMWN TH$ YUCH$,
'A*R' 'OISQ' "W$ 'ESTI 'KAN TOUTOI$ MEIXI$ LUPH$ TE-KAI "HDONH$:
PRW _ 'OU PANU KATANOW0.
<P 48B>
SW _ PANTAPASI GAR 'OU "RA\DION, 'W* PRWTARCE, 'EN TOUTWI
SUNNOEIN TO TOIOUTON "EKASTOTE PAQO$.
PRW _ 'OU=KOUN "W$ G' 'EOIKEN0 'EMOI4.
SW _ LABWMEN GE-MHN 'AUTO TOSOUTWI MALLON "OSWI SKOTEINOTERON
'ESTIN, "INA KAI 'EN 'ALLOI$ "RA*ION KATAMAQEIN TI$ "OIO$-T'-'H*I
MEIXIN LUPH$ TE-KAI "HDONH$.
PRW _ LEGOI$ 'AN4.
SW _ TO TOI NUNDH "RHQEN 'ONOMA FQONOU PO=TERA LUPHN
TINA YUCH$ QHSEI$, 'H= PW*$:
PRW _ "OUTW$.
SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN "O FQONWN GE 'EPI KAKOI$ TOI$ TWN PELA$
"HDOMENO$ 'ANAFANHSETAI.
<P 48C>
PRW _ SFO=DRA GE.
SW _ KAKON MHN 'AGNOIA KAI "HN DH LEGOMEN 'ABELTERAN "EXIN.
PRW _ TI= MHN:
SW _ 'EK DH TOUTWN 'IDE TO GELOION "HNTINA FUSIN 'ECEI0.
PRW _ LEGE MONON.
SW _ 'ESTIN DH PONHRIA MEN TI$ TO KEFALAION, "EXEW$
TINO$ 'EPIKLHN LEGOMENH; TH$ D' 'AU PASH$ PONHRIA$ 'ESTI
'TOUNANTION PAQO$ 'ECON 'H= TO LEGOMENON "UPO TWN 'EN DELFOI$
GRAMMATWN.
PRW _ TO GNWQI SAUTON LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$:
<P 48D>
SW _ 'EGWGE. 'TOUNANTION MHN 'EKEINWI DHLON "OTI4 TO MHDAMHI
GIGNWSKEIN "AUTON LEGOMENON "UPO TOU* GRAMMATO$ 'AN4 'EIH.
PRW _ TI= MHN:
SW _ 'W* PRWTARCE, PEIRW5 DE 'AUTO TOUTO TRICHI TEMNEIN.
PRW _ PH*I FH=I$: 'OU-GAR MH DUNATO$ 'W*2.
SW _ LEGEI$ DH DEIN 'EME TOUTO DIELESQAI TA NU*N:
PRW _ LEGW0, KAI DEOMAI GE PRO$ TW*I LEGEIN.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OU TWN 'AGNOOUNTWN0 "AUTOU$ KATA TRIA
'ANAGKH TOUTO TO PAQO$ PASCEIN "EKASTON:
PRW _ PW*$:
<P 48E>
SW _ PRWTON MEN KATA CRHMATA, DOXAZEIN 'EINAI PLOUSIWTERON
'H= KATA THN "AUTWN 'OUSIAN.
PRW _ POLLOI GOUN 'EISIN TO TOIOUTON PAQO$ 'ECONTE$.
SW _ PLEIOU$ DE-GE "OI= MEIZOU$ KAI KALLIOU$ "AUTOU$ DOXAZOUSI0,
KAI PANTA "OSA KATA TO SWMA 'EINAI DIAFERONTW$ TH$
'OUSH$ 'AUTOI$ 'ALHQEIA$.
PRW _ PANU GE.
SW _ POLU DE PLEISTOI GE 'OIMAI PERI= TO TRITON 'EIDO$ TO
TWN 'EN TAI$ YUCAI$ DIHMARTHKASIN, 'ARETHI DOXAZONTE$
BELTIOU$ "EAUTOU$, 'OUK 'ONTE$.
PRW _ SFO=DRA MEN-'OUN.


<P 49A>
SW _ TWN 'ARETWN D'-'A*R' 'OU SOFIA$ PE=RI TO PLHQO$ PANTW$
'ANTECOMENON MESTON 'ERIDWN KAI DOXOSOFIA$ 'ESTI YEUDOU$:
PRW _ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
SW _ KAKON MEN-DH PAN 'AN4 TI$ TO TOIOUTON 'EIPWN 'ORQW$
'AN4 'EIPOI PAQO$.
PRW _ SFO=DRA GE.
SW _ TOUTO TOINUN 'ETI DIAIRETEON, 'W* PRWTARCE, DICA, 'EI
MELLOMEN TON PAIDIKON 'IDONTE$ FQONON 'ATOPON "HDONH$ KAI
LUPH$ 'OYESQAI MEIXIN. PW*$ 'OUN TEMNOMEN DICA, LEGEI$:
<P 49B>
PANTE$ "OPOSOI TAUTHN THN YEUDH DOXAN PERI= "EAUTWN 'ANOHTW$
DOXAZOUSI0, KAQAPER "APANTWN 'ANQRWPWN, KAI TOUTWN
'ANAGKAIOTATON "EPESQAI TOI$ MEN "RWMHN 'AUTWN KAI DUNAMIN,
TOI$ DE 'OIMAI 'TOUNANTION.
PRW _ 'ANAGKH.
SW _ TAUTHI TOINUN DIELE, KAI "OSOI MEN 'AUTWN 'EISI MET'
'ASQENEIA$ TOIOUTOI KAI 'ADUNATOI KATAGELWMENOI TIMWREISQAI,
GELOIOU$ TOUTOU$ FASKWN 'EINAI 'TALHQH FQEGXHI2; TOU$ DE
DUNATOU$ TIMWREISQAI KAI 'ISCUROU$ FOBEROU$ KAI 'ECQROU$
<P 49C>
PROSAGOREUWN 'ORQOTATON TOUTWN SAUTWI LOGON 'APODWSEI$.
'AGNOIA GAR "H MEN TWN 'ISCURWN 'ECQRA TE-KAI 'AISCRA %
BLABERA GAR-KAI TOI$ PELA$ 'AUTH TE-KAI "OSAI 'EIKONE$
'AUTH$ 'EISIN % "H D' 'ASQENH$ "HMIN THN TWN GELOIWN 'EILHCE0
TAXIN TE-KAI FUSIN.
PRW _ 'ORQOTATA LEGEI$. 'ALLA=-GAR "H TWN "HDONWN KAI
LUPWN MEIXI$ 'EN TOUTOI$ 'OUPW MOI KATAFANH$.
SW _ THN TOINUN TOU* FQONOU LABE DUNAMIN PRWTON.
PRW _ LEGE MONON.
<P 49D>
SW _ LUPH TI$ 'ADIKO$ 'ESTI POU-KAI "HDONH:
PRW _ TOUTO MEN 'ANAGKH.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EPI MEN TOI$ TWN 'ECQRWN KAKOI$ 'OUT' 'ADIKON
'OUTE FQONERON 'ESTI TO CAIREIN:
PRW _ TI= MHN:
SW _ TA DE-GE TWN FILWN "ORWNTA$ 'ESTIN "OTE KAKA MH
LUPEISQAI, CAIREIN DE, 'A*RA 'OUK 'ADIKON 'ESTIN:
PRW _ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
SW _ 'OUKOU*N THN 'AGNOIAN 'EIPOMEN "OTI4 KAKON PASIN:
PRW _ 'ORQW$.
SW _ THN 'OUN TWN FILWN DOXOSOFIAN KAI DOXOKALIAN KAI
<P 49E>
"OSA NUNDH DIHLQOMEN, 'EN TRISIN LEGONTE$ 'EIDESIN GIGNESQAI,
GELOI*A MEN "OPOSA 'ASQENH, MISHTA D' "OPOSA 'ERRWMENA, FWMEN7
'H= MH FWMEN "OPER 'EIPON 'ARTI, THN TWN FILWN "EXIN
TAUTHN "OTAN 'ECHI5 TI$ THN 'ABLABH TOI$ 'ALLOI$, GELOIAN 'EINAI:
PRW _ PANU GE.
SW _ KAKON D' 'OUC "OMOLOGOUMEN 'AUTHN 'AGNOIAN GE 'OUSAN
'EINAI:
PRW _ SFO=DRA GE.
SW _ CAIROMEN DE 'H= LUPOUMEQA, "OTAN 'EP' 'AUTHI GELWMEN2:


<P 50A>
PRW _ DHLON "OTI4 CAIROMEN.
SW _ "HDONHN DE 'EPI TOI$ TWN FILWN KAKOI$, 'OU FQONON
'EFAMEN 'EINAI TON TOUT' 'APERGAZOMENON:
PRW _ 'ANAGKH.
SW _ GELWNTA$ 'A=RA "HMA$ 'EPI TOI$ TWN FILWN GELOIOI$
FHSIN "O LOGO$, KERANNUNTA$ "HDONHN 'AU FQONWI, LUPHI THN
"HDONHN SUGKERANNUNAI; TON GAR FQONON "WMOLOGHSQAI LUPHN
YUCH$ "HMIN PALAI, TO DE GELAN "HDONHN, "AMA GIGNESQAI DE
TOUTW 'EN TOUTOI$ TOI$ CRONOI$.
PRW _ 'ALHQH.
<P 50B>
SW _ MHNUEI0 DH NU*N "O LOGO$ "HMIN 'EN QRHNOI$ TE-KAI 'EN
TRAGWIDIAI$ KAI7 KWMWIDIAI$7, MH TOI$ DRAMASI MONON 'ALLA=-KAI
THI TOU* BIOU SUMPASHI TRAGWIDIA\ KAI KWMWIDIA\, LUPA$
"HDONAI$ "AMA KERANNUSQAI, KAI 'EN 'ALLOI$ DH MURIOI$.
PRW _ 'ADUNATON MH "OMOLOGEIN TAUTA, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EI
KAI TI$ FILONIKOI PANU PRO$ 'TANANTIA.
SW _ 'ORGHN MHN-KAI POQON KAI QRHNON KAI FOBON KAI
<P 50C>
'ERWTA KAI ZHLON KAI FQONON PROUQEMEQA KAI "OPOSA TOIAUTA,
'EN "OI$ 'EFAMEN "EURHSEIN MEIGNUMENA TA NU*N POLLAKI$
LEGOMENA. 'H*-GAR:
PRW _ NAI.
SW _ MANQANOMEN 'OUN "OTI4 QRHNOU PE=RI KAI FQONOU KAI
'ORGH$ PANTA 'ESTI TA NUNDH DIAPERANQENTA:
PRW _ PW*$ GAR 'OU MANQANOMEN:
SW _ 'OUKOU*N POLLA 'ETI TA LOIPA:
PRW _ KAI PANU GE.
SW _ DIA= DH TI= MALISQ' "UPOLAMBANEI$ ME DEIXAI0 SOI4 THN
'EN THI KWMWIDIA\ MEIXIN: 'A*R' 'OU PISTEW$ CARIN, "OTI4 THN GE 'EN
<P 50D>
TOI$ FOBOI$ KAI 'ERWSI KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ "RA\DION KRASIN 'EPIDEIXAI0;
LABONTA DE TOUTO PARA SAUTWI 'AFEINAI0 ME MHKETI
'EP' 'EKEINA 'IONTA DEIN MHKUNEIN TOU$ LOGOU$, 'ALL' "APLW$
LABEIN TOUTO, "OTI4 KAI SWMA 'ANEU YUCH$ KAI YUCH 'ANEU
SWMATO$ KAI KOINHI MET' 'ALLHLWN 'EN TOI$ PAQHMASI MESTA
'ESTI SUGKEKRAMENH$ "HDONH$ LUPAI$: NU*N 'OUN LEGE PO=TERA
'AFIH$ ME 'H= MESA$ POIHSEI$ NUKTA$: 'EIPWN DE SMIKRA 'OIMAI
SOU4 TEUXESQAI MEQEINAI0 ME; TOUTWN GAR "APANTWN 'AURION
<P 50E>
'EQELHSW2 SOI4 LOGON DOUNAI0, TA NU*N DE 'EPI TA LOIPA BOULOMAI
STELLESQAI PRO$ THN KRISIN "HN FILHBO$ 'EPITATTEI0.
PRW _ KALW$ 'EIPE$, 'W* SWKRATE$; 'ALL' "OSA LOIPA "HMIN
DIEXELQE "OPHI SOI4 FILON.
SW _ KATA FUSIN TOINUN META TA$ MEICQEISA$ "HDONA$ "UPO
DH TINO$ 'ANAGKH$ 'EPI TA$ 'AMEIKTOU$ POREUOIMEQ' 'AN4 'EN TW*I
MEREI.


<P 51A>
PRW _ KALLIST' 'EIPE$.
SW _ 'EGW DH PEIRASOMAI METABALWN2 SHMAINEIN "HMIN
'AUTA$. TOI$ GAR FASKOUSI4 LUPWN 'EINAI PAULAN PASA$ TA$
"HDONA$ 'OU PANU PW$ PEIQOMAI, 'ALL' "OPER 'EIPON, MARTUSI
KATACRWMAI0 PRO$ TO TINA$ "HDONA$ 'EINAI DOKOUSA$, 'OUSA$ D'
'OUDAMW$, KAI MEGALA$ "ETERA$ TINA$ "AMA KAI POLLA$ FANTASQEISA$,
'EINAI D' 'AUTA$ SUMPEFURMENA$ "OMOU LUPAI$ TE-KAI
'ANAPAUSESIN 'ODUNWN TWN MEGISTWN PERI= TE SWMATO$ KAI
YUCH$ 'APORIA$.
<P 51B>
PRW _ 'ALHQEI$ D' 'AU TI=NA$, 'W* SWKRATE$, "UPOLAMBANWN
'ORQW$ TI$ DIANOOIT' 'AN4:
SW _ TA$ PERI= TE TA KALA LEGOMENA CRWMATA KAI PERI=
TA SCHMATA KAI TWN 'OSMWN TA$ PLEISTA$ KAI TA$ TWN
FQOGGWN KAI "OSA TA$ 'ENDEIA$ 'ANAISQHTOU$ 'ECONTA KAI
'ALUPOU$ TA$ PLHRWSEI$ 'AISQHTA$ KAI "HDEIA$ KAQARA$8
LUPWN8 PARADIDWSIN.
PRW _ PW*$ DH TAUTA, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'AU LEGOMEN "OUTW:
SW _ PANU MEN-'OUN 'OUK 'EUQU$ DHLA 'ESTIN "A LEGW0, PEIRATEON
<P 51C>
MHN DHLOUN0. SCHMATWN TE-GAR KALLO$ 'OUC "OPER
'AN4 "UPOLABOIEN "OI POLLOI PEIRWMAI0 NU*N LEGEIN, 'H= ZWIWN 'H=
TINWN ZWGRAFHMATWN, 'ALL' 'EUQU TI LEGW0, FHSIN "O LOGO$,
KAI PERIFERE$ KAI 'APO TOUTWN DH TA TE TOI$ TORNOI$ GIGNOMENA
'EPIPEDA TE-KAI STEREA KAI TA TOI$ KANOSI KAI GWNIAI$,
'EI MOU MANQANEI$. TAUTA GAR 'OUK 'EINAI PRO$ TI KALA LEGW0,
KAQAPER 'A=LLA, 'ALL' 'AEI KALA KAQ' "AUTA PEFUKENAI KAI TINA$
<P 51D>
"HDONA$ 'OIKEIA$ 'ECEIN, 'OUDEN TAI$ TWN KNHSEWN PROSFEREI$;
KAI CRWMATA DH TOUTON TON TUPON 'ECONTA KALA8 KAI8 "HDONA$8
'ALL'-'A*RA MANQANOMEN, 'H= PW*$:
PRW _ PEIRWMAI0 MEN, 'W* SWKRATE$; PEIRAQHTI DE-KAI SU
SAFESTERON 'ETI LEGEIN.
SW _ LEGW0 DH 'HCA$ TWN FQOGGWN TA$ LEIA$ KAI LAMPRA$,
TA$ "EN TI KAQARON "IEISA$ MELO$, 'OU PRO$ "ETERON KALA$
'ALL' 'AUTA$ KAQ' "AUTA$ 'EINAI, KAI TOUTWN SUMFUTOU$ "HDONA$
"EPOMENA$.
PRW _ 'ESTI GAR-'OUN-KAI TOUTO.
<P 51E>
SW _ TO DE PERI= TA$ 'OSMA$ "HTTON MEN TOUTWN QEION GENO$
"HDONWN; TO DE MH SUMMEMEICQAI 'EN 'AUTAI$ 'ANAGKAIOU$ LUPA$,
KAI "OPHI TOUTO KAI 'EN "OTWI TUGCANEI0 GEGONO$ "HMIN, TOUT'
'EKEINOI$ TIQHMI 'ANTISTROFON "APAN. 'ALL', 'EI KATANOEI$,
TAUTA 'EIDH DUO "WN7 LEGOMEN "HDONWN.
PRW _ KATANOW0.
SW _ 'ETI DH TOINUN TOUTOI$ PROSQWMEN TA$ PERI= TA


<P 52A>
MAQHMATA "HDONA$ 'EI 'A=RA DOKOUSIN0 "HMIN "AUTAI PEINA$ MEN MH
'ECEIN TOU* MANQANEIN MHDE DIA= MAQHMATWN PEINHN 'ALGHDONA$
'EX 'ARCH$ GIGNOMENA$.
PRW _ 'ALL' "OUTW SUNDOKEI0.
SW _ TI= DE: MAQHMATWN PLHRWQEISIN 'EA=N "USTERON 'APOBOLAI
DIA= TH$ LHQH$ GIGNWNTAI, KAQORA*I$0 TINA$ 'EN 'AUTAI$
'ALGHDONA$:
PRW _ 'OU TI FUSEI GE, 'ALL' 'EN TISI LOGISMOI$ TOU*
<P 52B>
PAQHMATO$, "OTAN TI$ STERHQEI$ LUPHQHI DIA= THN CREIAN.
SW _ KAI-MHN, 'W* MAKARIE, NU*N GE "HMEI$ 'AUTA TA TH$
FUSEW$ MONON PAQHMATA CWRI$ TOU* LOGISMOU DIAPERAINOMEN.
PRW _ 'ALHQH TOINUN LEGEI$ "OTI4 CWRI$ LUPH$ "HMIN LHQH
GIGNETAI "EKASTOTE 'EN TOI$ MAQHMASIN.
SW _ TAUTA$ TOINUN TA$ TWN MAQHMATWN "HDONA$ 'AMEIKTOU$
TE 'EINAI LUPAI$ "RHTEON KAI 'OUDAMW$ TWN POLLWN 'ANQRWPWN
'ALLA= TWN SFO=DRA 'OLIGWN.
PRW _ PW*$ GAR 'OU "RHTEON:
<P 52C>
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "OTE METRIW$ 'HDH DIAKEKRIMEQA CWRI$ TA$
TE KAQARA$ "HDONA$ KAI TA$ SCEDON 'AKAQARTOU$ 'ORQW$ 'AN4
LECQEISA$, PROSQWMEN TW*I LOGWI TAI$ MEN SFODRAI$ "HDONAI$
'AMETRIAN, TAI$ DE MH 'TOUNANTION 'EMMETRIAN; KAI TA$7 TO
MEGA KAI TO SFODRON 'AU DECOMENA$7, KAI POLLAKI$ KAI
'OLIGAKI$ GIGNOMENA$ TOIAUTA$, TH$ TOU* 'APEIROU GE 'EKEINOU
KAI "HTTON KAI MALLON DIA= TE SWMATO$ KAI YUCH$ FEROMENOU
<P 52D>
PROSQWMEN8 'AUTA$ 'EINAI GENOU$, TA$ DE MH TWN 'EMMETRWN.
PRW _ 'ORQOTATA LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'ETI TOINUN PRO$ TOUTOI$ META TAUTA TODE 'AUTWN
DIAQEATEON.
PRW _ TO POI*ON:
SW _ TI= POTE CRH FANAI0 PRO$ 'ALHQEIAN 'EINAI: TO KAQARON
TE-KAI 'EILIKRINE$ 'H= TO SFO=DRA TE-KAI TO POLU KAI TO MEGA
KAI TO 'ITAMON:
PRW _ TI= POT' 'A=RA, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ERWTA*I$0 BOULOMENO$:
SW _ MHDEN, 'W* PRWTARCE, 'EPILEIPEIN 'ELEGCWN "HDONH$
<P 52E>
TE-KAI 'EPISTHMH$, 'EI TO MEN-'A=R' 'AUTWN "EKATEROU KAQARON
'ESTI, TO D' 'OU KAQARON, "INA KAQARON "EKATERON 'ION 'EI$ THN
KRISIN 'EMOI4 KAI SOI4 KAI SUNAPASI TOISDE "RA\W PARECHI5 THN
KRISIN.
PRW _ 'ORQOTATA.
SW _ 'IQI DH, PERI= PANTWN, "OSA KAQARA GENH LEGOMEN,
"OUTWSI DIANOHQWMEN; PROELOMENOI PRWTON 'AUTWN "EN TI
SKOPWMEN.


<P 53A>
PRW _ TI= 'OUN PROELWMEQA:
SW _ TO LEUKON 'EN TOI$ PRWTON, 'EI BOULEI, QEASWMEQA
GENO$.
PRW _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ PW*$ 'OUN 'AN4 LEUKOU KAI TI=$ KAQAROTH$ "HMIN 'EIH:
PO=TERA TO MEGISTON TE-KAI PLEISTON 'H= TO 'AKRATESTATON, 'EN
"WI CRWMATO$ MHDEMIA MOIRA 'ALLH MHDENO$ 'ENEIH:
PRW _ DHLON "OTI4 TO MALIST' 'EILIKRINE$ 'ON.
SW _ 'ORQW$. 'A*R'-'OUN 'OU TOUTO 'ALHQESTATON, 'W* PRWTARCE,
<P 53B>
KAI "AMA DH KALLISTON TWN LEUKWN PANTWN QHSOMEN,
'ALL' 'OU TO PLEISTON 'OUDE TO MEGISTON:
PRW _ 'ORQOTATA GE.
SW _ SMIKRON 'A=RA KAQARON LEUKON MEMEIGMENOU POLLOU
LEUKOU LEUKOTERON "AMA KAI KALLION KAI 'ALHQESTERON 'EA=N
FWMEN GIGNESQAI, PANTAPASIN 'EROUMEN2 'ORQW$.
PRW _ 'ORQOTATA MEN-'OUN.
SW _ TI= 'OUN: 'OU-DHPOU POLLWN DEHSOMEQA PARADEIGMATWN
TOIOUTWN 'EPI TON TH$ "HDONH$ PE=RI LOGON, 'ALL' 'ARKEI0
NOEIN "HMIN 'AUTOQEN "W$ 'A=RA-KAI SUMPASA "HDONH SMIKRA
<P 53C>
MEGALH$ KAI 'OLIGH POLLH$, KAQARA LUPH$, "HDIWN KAI
'ALHQESTE=RA KAI KALLIWN GIGNOIT' 'AN4.
PRW _ SFO=DRA MEN-'OUN, KAI TO GE PARADEIGMA "IKANON.
SW _ TI= DE TO TOIONDE: 'A*RA PERI= "HDONH$ 'OUK 'AKHKOAMEN
"W$ 'AEI GENESI$ 'ESTIN, 'OUSIA DE 'OUK 'ESTI TO PARAPAN "HDONH$:
KOMYOI GAR-DH TINE$ 'AU TOUTON TON LOGON 'EPICEIROUSI0
MHNUEIN "HMIN, "OI$ DEI CARIN 'ECEIN.
PRW _ TI= DH:
SW _ DIAPERANOUMAI SOI4 TOUT' 'AUTO 'EPANERWTWN, 'W*
<P 53D>
PRWTARCE FILE.
PRW _ LEGE KAI 'ERWTA MONON.
SW _ 'ESTON0 DH TINE DUO, TO MEN 'AUTO KAQ' "AUTO, TO D'
'AEI 'EFIEMENON 'ALLOU.
PRW _ PW*$ TOUTW KAI TI=NE LEGEI$:
SW _ TO MEN SEMNOTATON 'AEI PEFUKO$, TO D' 'ELLIPE$
'EKEINOU.
PRW _ LEG' 'ETI SAFESTERON.
SW _ PAIDIKA POU KALA KAI 'AGAQA TEQEWRHKAMEN "AMA
KAI 'ERASTA$ 'ANDREIOU$ 'AUTWN.
PRW _ SFO=DRA GE.
SW _ TOUTOI$ TOINUN 'EOIKOTA DUOIN 'OUSI DUO 'A=LLA ZHTEI5
<P 53E>
KATA PANQ' "OSA LEGOMEN 'EINAI.
PRW _ TO TRITON 'ET' 'ERW2: LEGE SAFESTERON, 'W* SWKRATE$,
"OTI2 LEGEI$.
SW _ 'OUDEN TI POIKILON, 'W* PRWTARCE; 'ALL' "O LOGO$
'ERESCHLEI0 NWIN, LEGEI0 D' "OTI4 TO MEN "ENEKA TOU TWN 'ONTWN0
'EST' 'AEI, TO D' "OU CARIN "EKASTOTE TO TINO$ "ENEKA GIGNOMENON
'AEI GIGNETAI.
PRW _ MOGI$ 'EMAQON DIA= TO POLLAKI$ LECQHNAI.
SW _ TACA D' 'ISW$, 'W* PAI, MALLON MAQHSOMEQA PROELQONTO$


<P 54A>
TOU* LOGOU.
PRW _ TI= GAR 'OU=:
SW _ DUO DH TADE "E=TERA LABWMEN.
PRW _ POI*A:
SW _ "EN MEN TI GENESIN PANTWN, THN DE 'OUSIAN "ETERON "EN.
PRW _ DUO 'APODECOMAI SOU4 TAUTA, 'OUSIAN KAI GENESIN.
SW _ 'ORQOTATA. POTERON 'OUN TOUTWN "ENEKA POTEROU, THN
GENESIN 'OUSIA$ "ENEKA FWMEN 'H= THN 'OUSIAN 'EINAI GENESEW$
"ENEKA:
PRW _ TOUTO "O= PROSAGOREUETAI 'OUSIA 'EI GENESEW$ "ENEKA
TOUT' 'ESTIN "OPER 'ESTI, NU*N PUNQANHI0:
SW _ FAINOMAI.
<P 54B>
PRW _ PRO$ QEWN 'A*R' 'AN82 'EPANERWTA*I$0 ME TOIONDE TI:
LEG', 'W* PRWTARCE, MOI, PO=TERA PLOIWN NAUPHGIAN "ENEKA
FH=I$ GIGNESQAI MALLON 'H= PLOIA "ENEKA NAUPHGIA$, KAI PANQ'
"OPOSA TOIAUT' 'ESTIN:
SW _ LEGW0 TOUT' 'AUTO, 'W* PRWTARCE.
PRW _ TI= 'OUN 'OUK 'AUTO$ 'APEKRINW SAUTWI, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW _ 'OUDEN "OTI2 'OU=; SU MENTOI TOU* LOGOU SUMMETECE.
PRW _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
<P 54C>
SW _ FHMI DH GENESEW$ MEN "ENEKA FARMAKA TE-KAI PANTA
'ORGANA KAI PASAN "ULHN PARATIQESQAI PASIN, "EKASTHN DE
GENESIN 'ALLHN 'ALLH$ 'OUSIA$ TINO$ "EKASTH$ "ENEKA GIGNESQAI,
SUMPASAN DE GENESIN 'OUSIA$ "ENEKA GIGNESQAI SUMPASH$.
PRW _ SAFESTATA MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "HDONH GE, 'EIPER GENESI$ 'ESTIN, "ENEKA TINO$
'OUSIA$ 'EX 'ANAGKH$ GIGNOIT' 'AN4.
PRW _ TI= MHN:
SW _ TO GE-MHN "OU "ENEKA TO "ENEKA TOU GIGNOMENON 'AEI
GIGNOIT' 'AN4, 'EN THI TOU* 'AGAQOU MOIRA\ 'EKEINO 'ESTI; TO DE
TINO$ "ENEKA GIGNOMENON 'EI$ 'ALLHN, 'W* 'ARISTE, MOIRAN QETEON.
PRW _ 'ANAGKAIOTATON.
<P 54D>
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN "HDONH GE 'EIPER GENESI$ 'ESTIN, 'EI$ 'ALLHN
'H= THN TOU* 'AGAQOU MOIRAN 'AUTHN TIQENTE$ 'ORQW$ QHSOMEN:
PRW _ 'ORQOTATA MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "OPER 'ARCOMENO$ 'EIPON TOUTOU TOU* LOGOU, TW*I
MHNUSANTI TH$ "HDONH$ PE=RI TO GENESIN MEN, 'OUSIAN DE-MHD'
"HNTINOUN 'AUTH$ 'EINAI, CARIN 'ECEIN DEI; DHLON GAR "OTI4 "OUTO$
TWN FASKONTWN0 "HDONHN 'AGAQON 'EINAI KATAGELA*I0.
PRW _ SFO=DRA GE.
<P 54E>
SW _ KAI-MHN "AUTO$ "OUTO$ "EKASTOTE KAI TWN 'EN TAI$
GENESESIN 'APOTELOUMENWN0 KATAGELASETAI.
PRW _ PW*$ DH-KAI POI=WN LEGEI$:
SW _ TWN "OSOI 'EXIWMENOI 'H= PEINHN 'H= DIYAN 'H= TI TWN
TOIOUTWN, "OSA GENESI$ 'EXIATAI0, CAIROUSI0 DIA= THN GENESIN "ATE
"HDONH$ 'OUSH$ 'AUTH$, KAI FASI0 ZHN 'OUK 'AN4 DEXASQAI MH
DIYWNTE$ TE-KAI PEINWNTE$ KAI 'TALLA "A TI$ 'AN4 'EIPOI PANTA
TA "EPOMENA TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ PAQHMASI MH PASCONTE$.


<P 55A>
PRW _ 'EOIKASI GOUN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TW*I GIGNESQAI GE 'TOUNANTION "APANTE$ TO
FQEIRESQAI FAIMEN 'AN4.
PRW _ 'ANAGKAION.
SW _ THN DH FQORAN KAI GENESIN "AIROIT' 'AN4 TI$ TOUQ'
"AIROUMENO$, 'ALL' 'OU TON TRITON 'EKEINON BION, TON 'EN "WI MHTE
CAIREIN MHTE LUPEISQAI, FRONEIN D' 'H*N DUNATON8 "W$ "OION-TE
KAQARWTATA.
PRW _ POLLH TI$, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALOGIA SUMBAINEI0
GIGNESQAI, 'EA=N TI$ THN "HDONHN "W$ 'AGAQON "HMIN
TIQHTAI.
SW _ POLLH, 'EPEI KAI THIDE 'ETI LEGWMEN.
PRW _ PH*I:
<P 55B>
SW _ PW*$ 'OUK 'ALOGON 'ESTI MHDEN 'AGAQON 'EINAI MHDE
KALON MHTE 'EN SWMASI MHT' 'EN POLLOI$ 'ALLOI$ PLHN 'EN
YUCHI, KAI 'ENTAUQA "HDONHN MONON, 'ANDREIAN DE 'H= SWFROSUNHN
'H= NOUN 'H= TI TWN 'ALLWN "OSA 'AGAQA 'EILHCE0 YUCH, MHDEN
TOIOUTON 'EINAI: PRO$ TOUTOI$ DE 'ETI TON MH CAIRONTA, 'ALGOUNTA
DE, 'ANAGKAZESQAI FANAI0 KAKON 'EINAI TO=TE "OTAN 'ALGHI5, 'KAN2 'HI
'ARISTO$ PANTWN, KAI TON CAIRONTA 'AU, "OSWI MALLON CAIREI0,
<P 55C>
TO=TE "OTAN CAIRHI5, TOSOUTWI DIAFEREIN PRO$ 'ARETHN.
PRW _ PANT' 'ESTI TAUTA, 'W* SWKRATE$, "W$ DUNATON
'ALOGWTATA.
SW _ MH-TOINUN "HDONH$ MEN PANTW$ 'EXETASIN PASAN 'EPICEIRWMEN
POIHSASQAI, NOU DE-KAI 'EPISTHMH$ "OION FEIDOMENOI
SFO=DRA FANWMEN; GENNAIW$ DE, 'EI PHI TI SAQRON 'ECEI0, PAN
PERIKROUWMEN, "W$ "OTI2 KAQARWTATON 'EST' 'AUTWN FUSEI, TOUTO
KATIDONTE$ 'EI$ THN KRISIN CRWMEQA2 THN KOINHN TOI$ TE TOUTWN
KAI TOI$ TH$ "HDONH$ MERESIN 'ALHQESTATOI$.
PRW _ 'ORQW$.
<P 55D>
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "HMIN TO MEN 'OIMAI DHMIOURGIKON 'ESTI TH$
PERI= TA MAQHMATA 'EPISTHMH$, TO DE PERI= PAIDEIAN KAI
TROFHN. 'H= PW*$:
PRW _ "OUTW$.
SW _ 'EN DH TAI$ CEIROTECNIKAI$ DIANOHQWMEN PRWTA 'EI
TO MEN 'EPISTHMH$ 'AUTWN MALLON 'ECOMENON, TO D' "HTTON 'ENI,
KAI DEI TA MEN "W$ KAQARWTATA NOMIZEIN, TA D' "W$
'AKAQARTO=TERA.
PRW _ 'OUKOU*N CRH.
SW _ TA$ TOINUN "HGEMONIKA$ DIALHPTEON "EKASTWN 'AUTWN
CWRI$:
PRW _ POI=A$ KAI PW*$:
<P 55E>
SW _ "OION PASWN POU TECNWN 'AN2 TI$ 'ARIQMHTIKHN CWRIZHI5
KAI METRHTIKHN KAI STATIKHN, "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN FAULON TO
KATALEIPOMENON "EKASTH$ 'AN4 GIGNOITO.
PRW _ FAULON MEN-DH.
SW _ TO GOUN META TAUT' 'EIKAZEIN LEIPOIT' 'AN4 KAI TA$
'AISQHSEI$ KATAMELETAN 'EMPEIRIA\ KAI TINI TRIBHI, TAI$ TH$
STOCASTIKH$ PROSCRWMENOU$ DUNAMESIN "A$ POLLOI TECNA$


<P 56A>
'EPONOMAZOUSI0, MELETHI KAI PONWI THN "RWMHN 'APEIRGASMENA$.
PRW _ 'ANAGKAIOTATA LEGEI$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N MESTH MEN-POU MOUSIKH PRWTON, TO SUMFWNON
"ARMOTTOUSA 'OU METRWI 'ALLA= MELETH$ STOCASMWI, KAI
SUMPASA 'AUTH$ 'AULHTIKH, TO METRON "EKASTH$ CORDH$ TW*I
STOCAZESQAI FEROMENH$ QHREUOUSA, "WSTE POLU MEMEIGMENON
'ECEIN TO MH SAFE$, SMIKRON DE TO BEBAION.
PRW _ 'ALHQESTATA.
<P 56B>
SW _ KAI-MHN 'IATRIKHN TE-KAI GEWRGIAN KAI KUBERNHTIKHN
KAI STRATHGIKHN "WSAUTW$ "EURHSOMEN 'ECOUSA$.
PRW _ KAI PANU GE.
SW _ TEKTONIKHN DE-GE 'OIMAI PLEISTOI$ METROI$ TE-KAI
'ORGANOI$ CRWMENHN TA POLLHN 'AKRIBEIAN 'AUTHI PORIZONTA
TECNIKWTERAN TWN POLLWN 'EPISTHMWN PARECETAI.
PRW _ PH*I:
SW _ KATA TE NAUPHGIAN KAI KAT' 'OIKODOMIAN KAI 'EN
POLLOI$ 'ALLOI$ TH$ XULOURGIKH$. KANONI GAR 'OIMAI KAI
<P 56C>
TORNWI CRHTAI0 KAI DIABHTHI KAI STAQMHI KAI TINI PROSAGWGIWI
KEKOMYEUMENWI.
PRW _ KAI PANU GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ORQW$ LEGEI$.
SW _ QWMEN TOINUN DICHI TA$ LEGOMENA$ TECNA$, TA$ MEN
MOUSIKHI SUNEPOMENA$ 'EN TOI$ 'ERGOI$ 'ELATTONO$ 'AKRIBEIA$
METISCOUSA$, TA$ DE TEKTONIKHI PLEIONO$.
PRW _ KEISQW.
SW _ TOUTWN DE TAUTA$ 'AKRIBESTATA$ 'EINAI TECNA$, "A$
NUNDH PRWTA$ 'EIPOMEN.
PRW _ 'ARIQMHTIKHN FAINHI0 MOI LEGEIN KAI "OSA$ META
TAUTH$ TECNA$ 'EFQEGXW NUNDH.
<P 56D>
SW _ PANU MEN-'OUN. 'ALL', 'W* PRWTARCE, 'A*R' 'OU DITTA$
'AU KAI TAUTA$ LEKTEON: 'H= PW*$:
PRW _ POI=A$ DH LEGEI$:
SW _ 'ARIQMHTIKHN PRWTON 'A*R' 'OUK 'ALLHN MEN TINA
THN TWN POLLWN FATEON, 'ALLHN D' 'AU THN TWN
FILOSOFOUNTWN0:
PRW _ PH*I POTE DIORISAMENO$ 'OUN 'ALLHN, THN DE 'ALLHN
QEIH TI$ 'AN4 'ARIQMHTIKHN:
SW _ 'OU SMIKRO$ "ORO$, 'W* PRWTARCE. "OI MEN-GAR-POU
MONADA$ 'ANISOU$ KATARIQMOUNTAI TWN PERI= 'ARIQMON, "OION
STRATOPEDA DUO KAI BOU$ DUO KAI DUO TA SMIKROTATA 'H=-KAI
<P 56E>
TA PANTWN MEGISTA; "OI D' 'OUK 'AN4 POTE 'AUTOI$ SUNAKOLOUQHSEIAN,
'EI MH MONADA MONADO$ "EKASTH$ TWN MURIWN MHDEMIAN
'ALLHN 'ALLH$ DIAFEROUSAN TI$ QHSEI2.
PRW _ KAI MALA 'EU LEGEI$ 'OU SMIKRAN DIAFORAN TWN
PERI= 'ARIQMON TEUTAZONTWN0, "WSTE LOGON 'ECEIN DU' 'AUTA$
'EINAI.
SW _ TI= DE: LOGISTIKH KAI METRHTIKH "H7 KATA TEKTONIKHN
KAI KAT' 'EMPORIKHN TH$ KATA FILOSOFIAN GEWMETRIA$ TE-KAI


<P 57A>
LOGISMWN KATAMELETWMENWN % POTERON "W$ MIA "EKATE=RA LEKTEON
'H= DUO TIQWMEN:
PRW _ THI PROSQEN "EPOMENO$ 'EGWG' 'AN4 DUO KATA THN 'EMHN
YHFON TIQEIHN "EKATERAN TOUTWN.
SW _ 'ORQW$. "OU D' "ENEKA TAUTA PROHNEGKAMEQA 'EI$ TO
MESON, 'A*RA 'ENNOEI$:
PRW _ 'ISW$, 'ALLA= SE BOULOIMHN 'AN4 'APOFHNASQAI TO
NU*N 'ERWTWMENON.
SW _ DOKEI0 TOINUN 'EMOIGE "OUTO$ "O LOGO$, 'OUC "HTTON 'H=
"OTE LEGEIN 'AUTON 'HRCOMEQA, TAI$ "HDONAI$ ZHTWN 'ANTISTROFON
'ENTAUQA PROBEBLHKENAI SKOPWN 'A*RA 'ESTI TI$ "ETERA$
<P 57B>
'ALLH KAQARWTE=RA 'EPISTHMH$ 'EPISTHMH, KAQAPER "HDONH$
"HDONH.
PRW _ KAI MALA SAFE$ TOUTO GE, "OTI4 TAUQ' "ENEKA TOUTWN
'EPIKECEIRHKEN0.
SW _ TI= 'OUN: 'A*R' 'OUK 'EN MEN TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN 'EP' 'ALLOI$
'ALLHN TECNHN 'OUSAN 'ANHURHKEIN SAFESTERAN KAI 'ASAFESTERAN
'ALLHN 'ALLH$:
PRW _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'EN TOUTOI$ DE-'A*R' 'OU TINA TECNHN "W$ "OMWNUMON
FQEGXAMENO$, 'EI$ DOXAN KATASTHSA$ "W$ MIA$, PALIN "W$
<P 57C>
DUOIN 'EPANERWTA*I0 TOUTOIN 'AUTOIN TO SAFE$ KAI TO KAQARON
PERI= TAUTA POTERON "H TWN FILOSOFOUNTWN0 'H= MH FILOSOFOUNTWN0
'AKRIBESTERON 'ECEI0:
PRW _ KAI MALA DOKEI0 MOI TOUTO DIERWTAN.
SW _ TI=N' 'OUN, 'W* PRWTARCE, 'AUTWI DIDOMEN 'APOKRISIN:
PRW _ 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EI$ QAUMASTON DIAFORA$ MEGEQO$
'EI$ SAFHNEIAN PROELHLUQAMEN 'EPISTHMWN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'APOKRINOUMEQA "RA*ION:
PRW _ TI= MHN: KAI 'EIRHSQW GE "OTI4 POLU MEN "AUTAI TWN
'ALLWN TECNWN DIAFEROUSI0, TOUTWN D' 'AUTWN "AI PERI= THN
<P 57D>
TWN 'ONTW$ FILOSOFOUNTWN0 "ORMHN 'AMHCANON 'AKRIBEIA\ KAI
'ALHQEIA\ PERI= METRA TE-KAI 'ARIQMOU$ DIAFEROUSIN0.
SW _ 'ESTW TAUTA KATA SE, KAI SOI4 DH PISTEUONTE$ QARROUNTE$
'APOKRINOMEQA TOI$ DEINOI$ PERI= LOGWN "OLKHN %
PRW _ TO POI*ON:
SW _ "W$ 'EISI DUO 'ARIQMHTIKAI KAI DUO METRHTIKAI KAI
TAUTAI$ 'ALLAI TOIAUTAI SUNEPOMENAI SUCNAI, THN DIDUMOTHTA
'ECOUSAI TAUTHN, 'ONOMATO$ DE "ENO$ KEKOINWMENAI.
<P 57E>
PRW _ DIDWMEN TUCHI 'AGAQHI TOUTOI$ "OU$ FH=I$ DEINOU$
'EINAI TAUTHN THN 'APOKRISIN, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ TAUTA$ 'OUN LEGOMEN 'EPISTHMA$ 'AKRIBEI$ MALIST'
'EINAI:
PRW _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'ALL' "HMA$, 'W* PRWTARCE, 'ANAINOIT' 'AN4 "H TOU*
DIALEGESQAI DUNAMI$, 'EI TINA PRO 'AUTH$ 'ALLHN KRINAIMEN.
PRW _ TI=NA DE TAUTHN 'AU DEI LEGEIN:


<P 58A>
SW _ DHLON "OTIH4 PA$ 'AN4 THN GE NU*N LEGOMENHN GNOIH;
THN GAR PERI= TO 'ON KAI TO 'ONTW$ KAI TO KATA 'TAUTON
'AEI PEFUKO$ PANTW$ 'EGWGE 'OIMAI "HGEISQAI SUMPANTA$
"OSOI$ NOU KAI SMIKRON PROSHRTHTAI MAKRWI 'ALHQESTATHN
'EINAI GNWSIN. SU DE TI=: PW*$ TOUTO, 'W* PRWTARCE, DIAKRINOI$
'AN4:
PRW _ 'HKOUON MEN 'EGWGE, 'W* SWKRATE$, "EKASTOTE GORGIOU
POLLAKI$ "W$ "H TOU* PEIQEIN POLU DIAFEROI PASWN TECNWN
<P 58B> %
PANTA GAR "UF' "AUTHI DOULA DI' "EKONTWN 'ALL' 'OU DIA= BIA$
POIOITO, KAI MAKRWI 'ARISTH PASWN 'EIH TWN TECNWN % NU*N D'-'OUTE
SOI4 'OUTE-DH 'EKEINWI BOULOIMHN 'AN4 'ENANTIA TIQESQAI.
SW _ TA "OPLA MOI DOKEI$ BOULHQEI$ 'EIPEIN 'AISCUNQEI$
'APOLIPEIN.
PRW _ 'ESTW NU*N TAUTA TAUTHI "OPHI SOI4 DOKEI0.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN 'AITIO$ 'EGW TOU* MH KALW$ "UPOLABEIN SE:
PRW _ TO POI*ON:
SW _ 'OUK, 'W* FILE PRWTARCE, TOUTO 'EGWGE 'EZHTOUN PW,
<P 58C>
TI=$ TECNH 'H= TI=$ 'EPISTHMH PASWN DIAFEREI0 TW*I MEGISTH KAI
'ARISTH KAI PLEISTA 'WFELOUSA "HMA$, 'ALLA= TI=$ POTE TO
SAFE$ KAI 'TAKRIBE$ KAI TO 'ALHQESTATON 'EPISKOPEI0, 'KAN4 'EI
SMIKRA KAI SMIKRA 'ONINASA, TOUT' 'ESTIN "O= NU*N DH ZHTOUMEN.
'ALL' "ORA % 'OUDE-GAR 'APECQHSHI2 GORGIA\, THI MEN 'EKEINOU
"UPARCEIN TECNHI DIDOU$ PRO$ CREIAN TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ KRATEIN,
"HI D' 'EIPON 'EGW NU*N PRAGMATEIA\, KAQAPER TOU* LEUKOU PE=RI
TO=TE 'ELEGON, 'KAN4 'EI SMIKRON, KAQARON D' 'EIH, TOU* POLLOU
<P 58D>
KAI MH TOIOUTOU DIAFEREIN, TOUTWI G' 'AUTWI TW*I 'ALHQESTATWI,
KAI NU*N DH SFO=DRA DIANOHQENTE$ KAI "IKANW$ DIALOGISAMENOI,
MHT' 'EI$ TINA$ 'WFELIA$ 'EPISTHMWN BLEYANTE$ MHTE TINA$
'EUDOKIMIA$, 'ALL' 'EI TI$ PEFUKE0 TH$ YUCH$ "HMWN DUNAMI$
'ERAN TE TOU* 'ALHQOU$ KAI PANTA "ENEKA TOUTOU PRATTEIN,
TAUTHN 'EIPWMEN DIEXEREUNHSAMENOI % TO KAQARON NOU TE-KAI
FRONHSEW$ 'EI TAUTHN MALISTA 'EK TWN 'EIKOTWN 'EKTHSQAI
FAIMEN 'AN4 'H= TINA "ETERAN TAUTH$ KURIWTERAN "HMIN ZHTHTEON.
<P 58E>
PRW _ 'ALLA= SKOPW0, KAI CALEPON 'OIMAI SUGCWRHSAI0
TINA 'ALLHN 'EPISTHMHN 'H= TECNHN TH$ 'ALHQEIA$ 'ANTECESQAI
MALLON 'H= TAUTHN.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN 'ENNOHSA$ TO TOIONDE 'EIRHKA$ "O= LEGEI$ NU*N
"W$ "AI POLLAI TECNAI, KAI "OSOI PERI= TAUTA PEPONHNTAI,


<P 59A>
PRWTON MEN DOXAI$ CRWNTAI0 KAI TA PERI= DOXAN ZHTOUSI0
SUNTETAMENW$: 'EI TE-KAI PERI= FUSEW$ "HGEITAI TI$ ZHTEIN,
'OISQ' "OTI4 TA PERI= TON KOSMON TONDE, "OPHI TE GEGONEN0 KAI
"OPHI PASCEI0 TI KAI "OPHI POIEI0, TAUTA ZHTEI0 DIA= BIOU: FAIMEN
'AN4 TAUTA, 'H= PW*$:
PRW _ "OUTW$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'OU PERI= TA 'ONTA 'AEI, PERI= DE TA GIGNOMENA
KAI GENHSOMENA KAI GEGONOTA "HMWN "O TOIOUTO$ 'ANHIRHTAI
TON PONON:
PRW _ 'ALHQESTATA.
SW _ TOUTWN 'OUN TI SAFE$ 'AN4 FAIMEN THI 'AKRIBESTATHI
<P 59B>
'ALHQEIA\ GIGNESQAI, "WN MHTE 'ESCE MHDEN PWPOTE KATA 'TAUTA
MHQ' "EXEI2 MHTE 'EI$ TO NU*N PARON 'ECEI0:
PRW _ KAI PW*$:
SW _ PERI= 'OUN TA MH KEKTHMENA BEBAIOTHTA MHD' "HNTINOUN
PW*$ 'AN4 POTE BEBAION GIGNOIQ' "HMIN KAI "OTIOUN:
PRW _ 'OIMAI MEN 'OUDAMW$.
SW _ 'OUD'-'A=RA NOU$ 'OUDE TI$ 'EPISTHMH PERI= 'AUTA 'ESTIN
TO 'ALHQESTATON 'ECOUSA.
PRW _ 'OU=KOUN 'EIKO$ GE.
SW _ TON MEN-DH SE KAI 'EME KAI GORGIAN KAI FILHBON
CRH SUCNA CAIREIN 'EA*N, TODE DE DIAMARTURASQAI TW*I LOGWI.
<P 59C>
PRW _ TO POI*ON:
SW _ "W$ 'H= PERI= 'EKEINA 'ESQ' "HMIN TO TE BEBAION KAI TO
KAQARON KAI 'ALHQE$ KAI "O= DH LEGOMEN 'EILIKRINE$, PERI= TA
'AEI KATA TA 'AUTA "WSAUTW$ 'AMEIKTOTATA 'ECONTA, 'H= DEUTERO$8
'EKEINWN "OTI2 MALISTA 'ESTI SUGGENE$; TA D' 'A=LLA PANTA
DEU=TERA TE-KAI "U=STERA LEKTEON.
PRW _ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
SW _ TA DH TWN 'ONOMATWN PERI= TA TOIAUTA KALLISTA 'A*R'
'OU TOI$ KALLISTOI$ DIKAIOTATON 'APONEMEIN0:
PRW _ 'EIKO$ GE.
<P 59D>
SW _ 'OUKOU*N NOU$ 'ESTI KAI FRONHSI$ "A G' 'AN4 TI$ TIMHSEIE
MALISTA 'ONOMATA:
PRW _ NAI.
SW _ TAUT' 'A=RA 'EN TAI$ PERI= TO 'ON 'ONTW$ 'ENNOIAI$ 'ESTIN
'APHKRIBWMENA 'ORQW$ KEIMENA KALEISQAI.
PRW _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ KAI-MHN "A GE 'EI$ THN KRISIN 'EGW TO=TE PARESCOMHN
'OUK 'A=LL' 'ESTIN 'H= TAUTA TA 'ONOMATA.
PRW _ TI= MHN, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW _ 'EIEN. TO MEN-DH FRONHSEW$ TE-KAI "HDONH$ PE=RI
<P 59E>
PRO$ THN 'ALLHLWN MEIXIN 'EI TI$ FAIH KAQAPEREI DHMIOURGOI$
"HMIN 'EX "WN 'H= 'EN "OI$ DEI DHMIOURGEIN TI PARAKEISQAI, KALW$
'AN4 TW*I LOGWI 'APEIKAZOI.
PRW _ KAI MALA.
SW _ TO DH META TAUTA 'A*R' 'OU MEIGNUNAI 'EPICEIRHTEON:
PRW _ TI= MHN:
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TADE PROEIPOUSI KAI 'ANAMNHSASIN "HMA$-'AUTOU$
'ORQOTERON 'AN4 'ECOI:
PRW _ TA POI*A:
SW _ "A KAI PROTERON 'EMNHSQHMEN; 'EU D' "H PAROIMIA


<P 60A>
DOKEI0 'ECEIN, TO KAI DI$ KAI TRI$ TO GE KALW$ 'ECON 'EPANAPOLEIN
TW*I LOGWI DEIN.
PRW _ TI= MHN:
SW _ FERE DH PRO$ DIO$; 'OIMAI GAR "OUTWSI PW$ TA TO=TE
LECQENTA "RHQHNAI.
PRW _ PW*$:
SW _ FILHBO$ FHSI THN "HDONHN SKOPON 'ORQON PASI
ZWIOI$ GEGONENAI KAI DEIN PANTA$ TOUTOU STOCAZESQAI, KAI-DH-KAI
'TAGAQON TOUT' 'AUTO 'EINAI SUMPASI, KAI DUO 'ONOMATA,
'AGAQON KAI "HDU, "ENI TINI KAI FUSEI MIA*I TOUTW 'ORQW$
<P 60B>
TEQENT' 'ECEIN; SWKRATH$ D' "EN MEN 'OU FHSI TOUT' 'EINAI, DUO
DE KAQAPER TA 'ONOMATA, KAI TO TE 'AGAQON KAI "HDU DIAFORON
'ALLHLWN FUSIN 'ECEIN, MALLON DE METOCON 'EINAI TH$ TOU*
'AGAQOU MOIRA$ THN FRONHSIN 'H= THN "HDONHN. 'OU TAUT' 'ESTIN
TE-KAI 'H*N TA TO=TE LEGOMENA, 'W* PRWTARCE:
PRW _ SFO=DRA MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TODE KAI TO=TE KAI NU*N "HMIN 'AN4
SUNOMOLOGOITO:
PRW _ TO POI*ON:
SW _ THN 'TAGAQOU DIAFEREIN FUSIN TWIDE TWN 'ALLWN.
<P 60C>
PRW _ TI=NI:
SW _ "WI PAREIH TOUT' 'AEI TWN ZWIWN DIA= TELOU$ PANTW$
KAI PANTHI, MHDENO$ "ETEROU POTE 'ETI PROSDEISQAI, TO DE
"IKANON TELEWTATON 'ECEIN. 'OUC "OUTW$:
PRW _ "OUTW MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TW*I LOGWI 'EPEIRAQHMEN CWRI$ "EKATERON "EKATEROU
QENTE$ 'EI$ TON BION "EKASTWN, 'AMEIKTON MEN "HDONHN
FRONHSEI, FRONHSIN DE "WSAUTW$ "HDONH$ MHDE TO SMIKROTATON
'ECOUSAN:
PRW _ 'H*N TAUTA.
SW _ MWN 'OUN "HMIN 'AUTWN TO=TE POTERON "IKANON 'EDOXEN
<P 60D>
'EINAI TWI:
PRW _ KAI PW*$:
SW _ 'EI DE-GE PARHNECQHMEN TI TO=TE, NU*N "OSTISOUN
'EPANALABWN 'ORQOTERON 'EIPATW, MNHMHN KAI FRONHSIN KAI
'EPISTHMHN KAI 'ALHQH DOXAN TH$ 'AUTH$ 'IDEA$ TIQEMENO$
KAI SKOPWN 'EI TI$ 'ANEU TOUTWN DEXAIT' 'AN4 "OI2 KAI "OTIOUN
'EINAI 'H=-KAI GIGNESQAI, MH-"OTI DH-GE "HDONHN 'EI=Q' "W$ PLEISTHN
'EI=Q' "W$ SFODROTATHN, "HN MHTE 'ALHQW$ DOXAZOI CAIREIN MHTE
TO PARAPAN GIGNWSKOI TI= POTE PEPONQE0 PAQO$ MHT' 'AU
<P 60E>
MNHMHN TOU* PAQOU$ MHD' "ONTINOUN CRONON 'ECOI. 'TAUTA DE
LEGETW KAI PERI= FRONHSEW$, 'EI TI$ 'ANEU PASH$ "HDONH$ KAI
TH$ BRACUTATH$ DEXAIT' 'AN4 FRONHSIN 'ECEIN MALLON 'H= META
TINWN "HDONWN 'H= PASA$ "HDONA$ CWRI$ FRONHSEW$ MALLON 'H=
META FRONHSEW$ 'AU TINO$.
PRW _ 'OUK 'ESTIN2, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALL' 'OUDEN DEI TAUTA GE
POLLAKI$ 'EPERWTAN.


<P 61A>
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TO GE TELEON KAI PASIN "AIRETON KAI TO
PANTAPASIN 'AGAQON 'OUDETERON 'AN4 TOUTWN 'EIH:
PRW _ PW*$ GAR 'AN4:
SW _ TO TOINUN 'AGAQON 'HTOI SAFW$ 'H=-KAI TINA TUPON 'AUTOU4
LHPTEON, "IN', "OPER 'ELEGOMEN, DEUTEREIA "OTWI DWSOMEN 'ECWMEN.
PRW _ 'ORQOTATA LEGEI$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "ODON MEN TINA 'EPI 'TAGAQON 'EILHFAMEN:
PRW _ TI=NA:
SW _ KAQAPER 'EI TI$ TINA 'ANQRWPON ZHTWN THN 'OIKHSIN
<P 61B>
PRWTON 'ORQW$ "IN' 'OIKEI0 PUQOITO 'AUTOU4, MEGA TI DHPOU PRO$
THN "EURESIN 'AN4 'ECOI TOU* ZHTOUMENOU.
PRW _ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
SW _ KAI NU*N DH TI$ LOGO$ 'EMHNUSEN "HMIN, "WSPER KAI
KAT' 'ARCA$, MH ZHTEIN 'EN TW*I 'AMEIKTWI BIWI 'TAGAQON 'ALL' 'EN
TW*I MEIKTWI.
PRW _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'ELPI$ MHN PLEIWN 'EN TW*I MEICQENTI KALW$ TO
ZHTOUMENON 'ESESQAI FANERWTERON 'H= 'EN TW*I MH:
PRW _ POLU GE.
SW _ TOI$ DH QEOI$, 'W* PRWTARCE, 'EUCOMENOI KERANNUWMEN,
<P 61C>
'EI=TE DIONUSO$ 'EI=TE "HFAISTO$ 'EI=Q' "OSTI$ QEWN TAUTHN THN
TIMHN 'EILHCE0 TH$ SUGKRASEW$.
PRW _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ KAI-MHN KAQAPER "HMIN 'OINOCOOI$ TISI PARESTASI
KRHNAI % MELITO$ MEN 'AN4 'APEIKAZOI TI$ THN TH$ "HDONH$,
THN DE TH$ FRONHSEW$ NHFANTIKHN KAI 'AOINON 'AUSTHROU
KAI "UGIEINOU TINO$ "UDATO$ % "A$ PROQUMHTEON "W$ KALLISTA
SUMMEIGNUNAI.
PRW _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
<P 61D>
SW _ FERE DH PROTERON; 'A*RA PASAN "HDONHN PASHI FRONHSEI
MEIGNUNTE$ TOU* KALW$ 'AN4 MALISTA 'EPITUCOIMEN:
PRW _ 'ISW$.
SW _ 'ALL' 'OUK 'ASFALE$. "HI DE 'AKINDUNOTERON 'AN4
MEIGNUOIMEN, DOXAN MOI DOKW0 TINA 'APOFHNASQAI 'AN4.
PRW _ LEGE TI=NA.
SW _ 'H*N "HMIN "HDONH TE 'ALHQW$, "W$ 'OIOMEQA, MALLON
"ETERA$ 'ALLH KAI-DH-KAI TECNH TECNH$ 'AKRIBESTE=RA:
PRW _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ KAI 'EPISTHMH DH 'EPISTHMH$ DIAFORO$, "H MEN 'EPI
<P 61E>
TA GIGNOMENA KAI 'APOLLUMENA 'APOBLEPOUSA, "H D' 'EPI TA
MHTE GIGNOMENA MHTE 'APOLLUMENA, KATA 'TAUTA DE-KAI
"WSAUTW$ 'ONTA 'AEI. TAUTHN 'EI$ TO 'ALHQE$ 'EPISKOPOUMENOI
"HGHSAMEQA 'EKEINH$ 'ALHQESTERAN 'EINAI.
PRW _ PANU MEN-'OUN 'ORQW$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EI 'TALHQESTATA TMHMATA "EKATERA$ 'IDOIMEN
PRWTON SUMMEIXANTE$, 'A*RA "IKANA TAUTA SUGKEKRAMENA TON
'AGAPHTOTATON BION 'APERGASAMENA PARECEIN "HMIN, 'H= TINO$
'ETI PROSDEOMEQA KAI TWN MH TOIOUTWN:


<P 62A>
PRW _ 'EMOI4 GOUN DOKEI0 DRAN "OUTW$.
SW _ 'ESTW DH TI$ "HMIN FRONWN 'ANQRWPO$ 'AUTH$ PERI=
DIKAIOSUNH$ "OTI2 'ESTIN, KAI LOGON 'ECWN "EPOMENON TW*I NOEIN,
KAI-DH-KAI PERI= TWN 'ALLWN PANTWN TWN 'ONTWN0 "WSAUTW$
DIANOOUMENO$.
PRW _ 'ESTW GAR-'OUN.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN "OUTO$ "IKANW$ 'EPISTHMH$ "EXEI2, KUKLOU MEN-KAI
SFAIRA$ 'AUTH$ TH$ QEIA$ TON LOGON 'ECWN, THN DE 'ANQRWPINHN
TAUTHN SFAIRAN KAI TOU$ KUKLOU$ TOUTOU$ 'AGNOWN,
<P 62B>
KAI CRWMENO$ 'EN 'OIKODOMIA\ KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ "OMOIW$ KANOSI
KAI TOI$ KUKLOI$:
PRW _ GELOIAN DIAQESIN "HMWN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EN TAI$
QEIAI$ 'OUSAN MONON 'EPISTHMAI$ LEGOMEN.
SW _ PW*$ FH=I$: 'H* TOU* YEUDOU$ KANONO$ "AMA KAI TOU*
KUKLOU THN 'OU BEBAION 'OUDE KAQARAN TECNHN 'EMBLHTEON
KOINHI KAI SUGKRATEON:
PRW _ 'ANAGKAION GAR, 'EI MELLEI0 TI$ "HMWN KAI THN "ODON
"EKASTOTE 'EXEURHSEIN 'OIKADE.
<P 62C>
SW _ 'H*-KAI MOUSIKHN, "HN 'OLIGON 'EMPROSQEN 'EFAMEN STOCASEW$
TE-KAI MIMHSEW$ MESTHN 'OUSAN KAQAROTHTO$ 'ENDEIN:
PRW _ 'ANAGKAION FAINETAI 'EMOIGE, 'EIPER GE "HMWN "O
BIO$ 'ESTAI KAI "OPWSOUN POTE BIO$.
SW _ BOULEI DHTA, "WSPER QURWRO$ "UP' 'OCLOU TI$ 'WQOUMENO$
KAI BIAZOMENO$, "HTTHQEI$ 'ANAPETASA$ TA$ QURA$ 'AFW
PASA$ TA$ 'EPISTHMA$ 'EISREIN KAI MEIGNUSQAI "OMOU KAQARA*I
THN 'ENDEESTERAN:
<P 62D>
PRW _ 'OU=KOUN 'EGWGE 'OIDA, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OTI2 TI$ 'AN4
BLAPTOITO PASA$ LABWN TA$ 'ALLA$ 'EPISTHMA$, 'ECWN TA$
PRWTA$.
SW _ MEQIW DH TA$ SUMPASA$ "REIN1 'EI$1 THN TH$ "OMHROU
KAI MALA POIHTIKH$ MISGAGKEIA$1 "UPODOCHN:
PRW _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ MEQEINTAI; KAI PALIN 'EPI THN TWN "HDONWN PHGHN
'ITEON. "W$ GAR DIENOHQHMEN 'AUTA$ MEIGNUNAI, TA TWN 'ALHQWN
MORIA PRWTON, 'OUK 'EXEGENEQ' "HMIN, 'ALLA= DIA= TO PASAN
'AGAPAN 'EPISTHMHN 'EI$ 'TAUTON MEQEIMEN "AQROA$ KAI PROSQEN
<P 62E>
TWN "HDONWN.
PRW _ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
SW _ "WRA DH BOULEUESQAI NWIN KAI PERI= TWN "HDONWN,
PO=TERA KAI TAUTA$ PASA$ "AQROA$ 'AFETEON 'H=-KAI TOUTWN
PRWTA$ MEQETEON "HMIN "OSAI 'ALHQEI$.
PRW _ POLU TI DIAFEREI0 PRO$ GE 'ASFALEIAN PRWTA$ TA$
'ALHQEI$ 'AFEINAI0.
SW _ MEQEISQWN DH. TI= DE META TAUTA: 'A*R' 'OUK 'EI MEN
TINE$ 'ANAGKAIAI, KAQAPER 'EKEI, SUMMEIKTEON KAI TAUTA$:
PRW _ TI= D' 'OU=: TA$ GE 'ANAGKAIA$ DHPOUQEN.


<P 63A>
SW _ 'EI DE-GE-KAI, KAQAPER TA$ TECNA$ PASA$ 'ABLABE$
TE-KAI 'WFELIMON 'H*N 'EPISTASQAI DIA= BIOU, KAI NU*N DH 'TAUTA
LEGOMEN PERI= TWN "HDONWN, 'EIPER PASA$ "HDONA$ "HDESQAI DIA=
BIOU SUMFERON TE "HMIN 'ESTI KAI 'ABLABE$ "APASI, PASA$
SUGKRATEON.
PRW _ PW*$ 'OUN-DH PERI= 'AUTWN TOUTWN LEGWMEN: KAI PW*$
POIWMEN:
SW _ 'OUC "HMA$, 'W* PRWTARCE, DIERWTAN CRH, TA$ "HDONA$
DE 'AUTA$ KAI TA$ FRONHSEI$ DIAPUNQANOMENOU$ TO TOIONDE
'ALLHLWN PE=RI.
<P 63B>
PRW _ TO POI*ON:
SW _ 'W* FILAI, 'EI=TE "HDONA$ "UMA$ CRH PROSAGOREUEIN
'EI=TE 'ALLWI "OTWIOUN 'ONOMATI, MWN 'OUK 'AN4 DEXAISQE 'OIKEIN META
FRONHSEW$ PASH$ 'H= CWRI$ TOU* FRONEIN: 'OIMAI MEN PRO$
TAUTA TOD' 'AUTA$ 'ANAGKAIOTATON 'EINAI LEGEIN.
PRW _ TO POI*ON:
SW _ "OTI4 KAQAPER 'EMPROSQEN 'ERRHQH, TO MONON KAI
'ERHMON 'EILIKRINE$ 'EINAI TI GENO$ 'OUTE PANU TI DUNATON 'OUT'
<P 63C>
'WFELIMON; PANTWN GE-MHN "HGOUMEQA GENWN 'ARISTON "EN 'ANQ'
"ENO$ SUNOIKEIN "HMIN TO TOU* GIGNWSKEIN 'TALLA TE PANTA KAI
'AU8 THN8 'AUTHN "HMWN TELEW$ 'EI$ DUNAMIN "EKASTHN.
PRW _ KAI KALW$ GE 'EIRHKATE TA NU*N FHSOMEN.
SW _ 'ORQW$. PALIN TOINUN META TOUTO THN FRONHSIN KAI
TON NOUN 'ANERWTHTEON; 'A*R' "HDONWN TI PROSDEISQE0 'EN THI
SUGKRASEI: FAIMEN 'AN4 'AU TON NOUN TE-KAI THN FRONHSIN
'ANERWTWNTE$. POI=WN, FAIEN 'AN4 'ISW$, "HDONWN:
PRW _ 'EIKO$.
<P 63D>
SW _ "O DE-G' "HMETERO$ LOGO$ META TOUT' 'ESTIN "ODE.
PRO$ TAI$ 'ALHQESIN 'EKEINAI$ "HDONAI$, FHSOMEN, 'A*R' 'ETI
PROSDEISQ'0 "UMIN TA$ MEGISTA$ "HDONA$ SUNOIKOU$ 'EINAI KAI
TA$ SFODROTATA$: KAI PW*$ 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ISW$ FAIEN
'AN4, "AI= G' 'EMPODISMATA TE MURIA "HMIN 'ECOUSI0, TA$ YUCA$ 'EN
"AI$ 'OIKOUMEN TARATTOUSAI DIA= MANIA$ "HDONA$8, KAI GIGNESQAI
<P 63E>
TE "HMA$ THN 'ARCHN 'OUK 'EWSI0, TA TE GIGNOMENA "HMWN TEKNA "W$
TO POLU, DI' 'AMELEIAN LHQHN 'EMPOIOUSAI, PANTAPASI DIAFQEIROUSIN0:
'ALL' "A$ TE "HDONA$ 'ALHQEI$ KAI KAQARA$ "A$8 'EIPE$,
SCEDON 'OIKEIA$ "HMIN NOMIZE, KAI PRO$ TAUTAI$ TA$ MEQ' "UGIEIA$
KAI TOU* SWFRONEIN, KAI-DH-KAI SUMPASH$ 'ARETH$ "OPOSAI
KAQAPER QEOU 'OPADOI GIGNOMENAI 'AUTHI SUNAKOLOUQOUSI0 PANTHI,
TAUTA$ MEIGNU; TA$ D' 'AEI MET' 'AFROSUNH$ KAI TH$ 'ALLH$
KAKIA$ "EPOMENA$ POLLH POU 'ALOGIA TW*I NWI MEIGNUNAI TON
BOULOMENON "OTI2 KALLISTHN 'IDONTA KAI 'ASTASIASTOTATHN MEIXIN


<P 64A>
KAI KRASIN, 'EN TAUTHI MAQEIN PEIRASQAI TI= POTE 'EN T' 'ANQRWPWI
KAI TW*I PANTI PEFUKEN0 'AGAQON KAI TI=NA 'IDEAN 'AUTHN 'EINAI
POTE MANTEUTEON. 'A*R' 'OUK 'EMFRONW$ TAUTA KAI 'ECONTW$
"EAUTON TON NOUN FHSOMEN "UPER TE "AUTOU KAI MNHMH$ KAI
DOXH$ 'ORQH$ 'APOKRINASQAI TA NU*N "RHQENTA:
PRW _ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN-KAI TODE GE 'ANAGKAION, KAI 'OUK 'ALLW$ 'AN4
POTE GENOITO 'OUD' 'AN4 "EN.
<P 64B>
PRW _ TO POI*ON:
SW _ "WI MH MEIXOMEN 'ALHQEIAN, 'OUK 'AN4 POTE TOUTO
'ALHQW$ GIGNOITO 'OUD' 'AN4 GENOMENON 'EIH.
PRW _ PW*$ GAR 'AN4:
SW _ 'OUDAMW$. 'ALL' 'EI TINO$ 'ETI PROSDEI THI SUGKRASEI
TAUTHI, LEGETE3 SU KAI FILHBO$. 'EMOI4 MEN-GAR KAQAPEREI
KOSMO$ TI$ 'ASWMATO$ 'ARXWN KALW$ 'EMYUCOU SWMATO$ "O NU*N
LOGO$ 'APEIRGASQAI FAINETAI.
PRW _ KAI 'EMOI4 TOINUN, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OUTW LEGE DEDOCQAI.
<P 64C>
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN 'EPI MEN TOI$ TOU* 'AGAQOU NU*N 'HDH PROQUROI$
KAI8 TH$ 'OIKHSEW$ 'EFESTANAI TH$8 TOU*8 TOIOUTOU8 LEGONTE$
'ISW$ 'ORQW$ 'AN4 TINA TROPON FAIMEN:
PRW _ 'EMOI4 GOUN DOKEI0.
SW _ TI= DHTA 'EN THI SUMMEIXEI TIMIWTATON "AMA KAI MALIST'
'AITION 'EINAI DOXEIEN 'AN4 "HMIN TOU* PASIN GEGONENAI PROSFILH
THN TOIAUTHN DIAQESIN: TOUTO GAR 'IDONTE$ META TOUT' 'EPISKEYOMEQA
'EI=Q' "HDONHI 'EI=TE TW*I NWI PROSFUESTERON KAI
'OIKEIOTERON 'EN TW*I PANTI SUNESTHKEN0.
<P 64D>
PRW _ 'ORQW$; TOUTO GAR 'EI$ THN KRISIN "HMIN 'ESTI
SUMFORWTATON.
SW _ KAI-MHN-KAI SUMPASH$ GE MEIXEW$ 'OU CALEPON 'IDEIN
THN 'AITIAN, DI' "HN 'H= PANTO$ 'AXI=A GIGNETAI "HTISOUN 'H= TO
PARAPAN 'OUDENO$.
PRW _ PW*$ LEGEI$:
SW _ 'OUDEI$ POU TOUTO 'ANQRWPWN 'AGNOEI0.
PRW _ TO POI*ON:
SW _ "OTI4 METROU KAI TH$ SUMMETROU FUSEW$ MH TUCOUSA
"HTISOUN KAI "OPWSOUN SUGKRASI$ PASA 'EX 'ANAGKH$
'APOLLUSI0 TA TE KERANNUMENA KAI PRWTHN "AUTHN; 'OUDE-GAR
<P 64E>
KRASI$ 'ALLA= TI$ 'AKRATO$ SUMPEFORHMENH 'ALHQW$
"H TOIAUTH GIGNETAI "EKASTOTE 'ONTW$ TOI$ KEKTHMENOI$
SUMFORA.
PRW _ 'ALHQESTATA.
SW _ NU*N DH KATAPEFEUGEN0 "HMIN "H TOU* 'AGAQOU DUNAMI$
'EI$ THN TOU* KALOU FUSIN; METRIOTH$ GAR-KAI SUMMETRIA
KALLO$ DHPOU-KAI 'ARETH PANTACOU SUMBAINEI0 GIGNESQAI.
PRW _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ KAI-MHN 'ALHQEIAN GE 'EFAMEN 'AUTOI$ 'EN THI KRASEI
MEMEICQAI.
PRW _ PANU GE.


<P 65A>
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EI MH MIA*I DUNAMEQA 'IDEA\ TO 'AGAQON QHREUSAI0,
SUN TRISI LABONTE$, KALLEI KAI SUMMETRIA\ KAI 'ALHQEIA\,
LEGWMEN "W$ TOUTO "OION "EN 'ORQOTAT' 'AN4 'AITIASAIMEQ' 'AN4 TWN
'EN THI SUMMEIXEI, KAI DIA= TOUTO "W$ 'AGAQON 'ON TOIAUTHN 'AUTHN
GEGONENAI.
PRW _ 'ORQOTATA MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'HDH TOINUN, 'W* PRWTARCE, "IKANO$ "HMIN GENOIT' 'AN4
"OSTISOUN KRITH$ "HDONH$ TE PE=RI KAI FRONHSEW$, "OPOTERON
<P 65B>
'AUTOIN TOU* 'ARISTOU SUGGENESTERON TE-KAI TIMIWTERON 'EN
'ANQRWPOI$ TE 'ESTI KAI QEOI$.
PRW _ DHLON MEN, "OMW$ D'-'OUN TW*I LOGWI 'EPEXELQEIN
BELTION.
SW _ KAQ' "EN "EKASTON TOINUN TWN TRIWN PRO$ THN "HDONHN
KAI TON NOUN KRINWMEN; DEI GAR 'IDEIN POTERWI "W$7 MALLON
SUGGENE$ "EKASTON 'AUTWN 'APONEMOUMEN.
PRW _ KALLOU$ KAI 'ALHQEIA$ KAI METRIOTHTO$ PE=RI
LEGEI$:
SW _ NAI. PRWTON DE-GE 'ALHQEIA$ LABOU, 'W* PRWTARCE;
<P 65C>
KAI LABOMENO$ BLEYA$ 'EI$ TRIA, NOUN KAI 'ALHQEIAN KAI
"HDONHN, POLUN 'EPISCWN CRONON 'APOKRINAI2 SAUTWI POTERON
"HDONH SUGGENESTERON 'H= NOU$ 'ALHQEIA\.
PRW _ TI= DE CRONOU DEI: POLU GAR 'OIMAI DIAFERETON0.
"HDONH MEN-GAR "APANTWN 'ALAZONISTATON, "W$ DE LOGO$, KAI 'EN
TAI$ "HDONAI$ TAI$ PERI= 'TAFRODISIA, "AI= DH MEGISTAI DOKOUSIN0
'EINAI, KAI TO 'EPIORKEIN SUGGNWMHN 'EILHFE0 PARA QEWN, "W$
<P 65D>
KAQAPER PAIDWN TWN "HDONWN NOUN 'OUDE TON 'OLIGISTON KEKTHMENWN;
NOU$ DE 'HTOI 'TAUTON KAI 'ALHQEIA 'ESTIN 'H= PANTWN
"OMOIOTATON TE-KAI 'ALHQESTATON.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TO META TOUTO THN METRIOTHTA "WSAUTW$
SKEYAI, POTERON "HDONH FRONHSEW$ 'H= FRONHSI$ "HDONH$ PLEIW
KEKTHTAI:
PRW _ 'EUSKEPTON GE-KAI TAUTHN SKEYIN PROBEBLHKA$;
'OIMAI GAR "HDONH$ MEN-KAI PERICAREIA$ 'OUDEN TWN 'ONTWN0
PEFUKO$ 'AMETRWTERON "EUREIN 'AN4 TINA, NOU DE-KAI 'EPISTHMH$
'EMMETRWTERON 'OUD' 'AN4 "EN POTE.
<P 65E>
SW _ KALW$ 'EIRHKA$. "OMW$ D' 'ETI LEGE TO TRITON. NOU$
"HMIN KALLOU$ METEILHFE0 PLEION 'H= TO TH$ "HDONH$ GENO$, "WSTE
'EINAI KALLIW NOUN "HDONH$, 'H= 'TOUNANTION:
PRW _ 'ALL'-'OUN FRONHSIN MEN-KAI NOUN, 'W* SWKRATE$,
'OUDEI$ PWPOTE 'OUQ' "UPAR 'OUT' 'ONAR 'AISCRON 'OUTE 'EIDEN 'OUTE
'EPENOHSEN 'OUDAMHI 'OUDAMW$ 'OUTE GIGNOMENON 'OUTE 'ONTA 'OUTE
'ESOMENON.
SW _ 'ORQW$.
PRW _ "HDONA$ DE-GE-POU, KAI TAUTA SCEDON TA$ MEGISTA$,
"OTAN 'IDWMEN "HDOMENON "ONTINOUN, 'H= TO GELOION 'EP' 'AUTAI$ 'H= TO


<P 66A>
PANTWN 'AISCISTON "EPOMENON "ORWNTE$ 'AUTOI TE 'AISCUNOMEQA
KAI 'AFANIZONTE$ KRUPTOMEN "OTI2 MALISTA, NUKTI PANTA TA
TOIAUTA DIDONTE$, "W$ FW$ 'OU DEON "ORAN 'AUTA.
SW _ PANTHI DH FHSEI$, 'W* PRWTARCE, "UPO TE 'AGGELWN
PEMPWN KAI PAROUSI FRAZWN, "W$ "HDONH KTHMA 'OUK 'ESTI
PRWTON 'OUD' 'AU DEUTERON, 'ALLA= PRWTON MEN PHI PERI= METRON
KAI TO METRION KAI KAIRION KAI PANTA "OPOSA CRH TOIAUTA
NOMIZEIN, THN 'AIDION88 "HIRHSQAI88.
PRW _ FAINETAI GOUN 'EK TWN NU*N LEGOMENWN.
<P 66B>
SW _ DEUTERON MHN PERI= TO SUMMETRON KAI KALON KAI
TO TELEON KAI "IKANON KAI PANQ' "OPOSA TH$ GENEA$ 'AU TAUTH$
'ESTIN.
PRW _ 'EOIKE0 GOUN.
SW _ TO TOINUN TRITON, "W$ "H 'EMH MANTEIA, NOUN KAI
FRONHSIN TIQEI=$ 'OUK 'AN4 MEGA TI TH$ 'ALHQEIA$ PAREXELQOI$.
PRW _ 'ISW$.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OU TETARTA, "A TH$ YUCH$ 'AUTH$ 'EQEMEN,
'EPISTHMA$ TE-KAI TECNA$ KAI DOXA$ 'ORQA$ LECQEISA$, TAUT'
<P 66C>
'EINAI TA PRO$ TOI$ TRISI TETARTA, 'EIPER TOU* 'AGAQOU GE 'ESTI
MALLON 'H=8 TH$ "HDONH$ SUGGENH:
PRW _ TAC' 'AN4.
SW _ PEMPTA$ TOINUN, "A$ "HDONA$ 'EQEMEN 'ALUPOU$ "ORISAMENOI,
KAQARA$ 'EPONOMASANTE$ TH$ YUCH$ 'AUTH$, 'EPISTHMAI$,
TA$ DE 'AISQHSESIN "EPOMENA$:
PRW _ 'ISW$.
SW _ "EKTHI9 D'9 'EN9 GENEA*I9, FHSIN 'ORFEU$, KATAPAUSATE9
KOSMON9 'AOIDH$9; 'ATAR KINDUNEUEI0 KAI "O "HMETERO$
LOGO$ 'EN "EKTHI KATAPEPAUMENO$ 'EINAI KRISEI. TO DH META
<P 66D>
TAUQ' "HMIN 'OUDEN LOIPON PLHN "WSPER KEFALHN 'APODOUNAI0
TOI$ 'EIRHMENOI$.
PRW _ 'OUKOU*N CRH.
SW _ 'IQI DH, TO TRITON TW*I SWTHRI TON 'AUTON DIAMARTURAMENOI
LOGON 'EPEXELQWMEN.
PRW _ POI*ON DH:
SW _ FILHBO$ 'TAGAQON 'ETIQETO "HMIN "HDONHN 'EINAI PASAN
KAI PANTELH.
PRW _ TO TRITON, 'W* SWKRATE$, "W$ 'EOIKA$, 'ELEGE$ 'ARTIW$
TON 'EX 'ARCH$ 'EPANALABEIN DEIN LOGON.
<P 66E>
SW _ NAI, TO DE-GE META TOUTO 'AKOUWMEN. 'EGW GAR-DH
KATIDWN "APER NUNDH DIELHLUQA, KAI DUSCERANA$ TON FILHBOU
LOGON 'OU MONON 'ALLA=-KAI 'ALLWN POLLAKI$ MURIWN, 'EIPON "W$
"HDONH$ GE NOU$ 'EIH MAKRWI BELTION TE-KAI 'AMEINON TW*I TWN
'ANQRWPWN BIWI.
PRW _ 'H*N TAUTA.
SW _ "UPOPTEUWN DE-GE-KAI 'A=LLA 'EINAI POLLA 'EIPON "W$
'EI FANEIH TI TOUTOIN 'AMFOIN BELTION, "UPER TWN DEUTEREIWN
NWI PRO$ "HDONHN SUNDIAMACOIMHN, "HDONH DE-KAI DEUTEREIWN
STERHSOITO.


<P 67A>
PRW _ 'EIPE$ GAR-'OUN.
SW _ KAI META TAUTA GE PANTWN "IKANWTATA TOUTOIN 'OUDETERON
"IKANON 'EFANH.
PRW _ 'ALHQESTATA.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N PANTAPASIN 'EN TOUTWI TW*I LOGWI KAI NOU$
'APHLLAKTO KAI "HDONH MH TOI 'TAGAQON GE 'AUTO MHD' "ETERON
'AUTOIN 'EINAI, STEROMENOIN 'AUTARKEIA$ KAI TH$ TOU* "IKANOU KAI
TELEOU DUNAMEW$:
PRW _ 'ORQOTATA.
SW _ FANENTO$ DE-GE 'ALLOU TRITOU KREITTONO$ TOUTOIN
"EKATEROU, MURIWI G' 'AU NOU$ "HDONH$ 'OIKEIOTERON KAI PROSFUESTERON
PEFANTAI NU*N THI TOU* NIKWNTO$ 'IDEA\.
PRW _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ 'OUKOU*N PEMPTON KATA THN KRISIN, "HN NU*N "O LOGO$
'APEFHNATO, GIGNOIT' 'AN4 "H TH$ "HDONH$ DUNAMI$.
PRW _ 'EOIKEN0.
<P 67B>
SW _ PRWTON DE-GE-'OUD' 'AN2 "OI PANTE$ BOE$ TE-KAI "IPPOI
KAI 'TALLA SUMPANTA QHRIA FWSI TW*I TO CAIREIN DIWKEIN;
"OI$ PISTEUONTE$, "WSPER MANTEI$ 'ORNISIN, "OI POLLOI KRINOUSI0
TA$ "HDONA$ 'EI$ TO ZHN "HMIN 'EU KRATISTA$ 'EINAI, KAI TOU$
QHRIWN 'ERWTA$ 'OIONTAI KURIOU$ 'EINAI MARTURA$ MALLON 'H=
TOU$ TWN 'EN MOUSHI FILOSOFWI MEMANTEUMENWN "EKASTOTE
LOGWN.
PRW _ 'ALHQESTATA, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EIRHSQAI SOI4 NU*N 'HDH
FAMEN "APANTE$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'AFIETE0 ME:
PRW _ SMIKRON 'ETI TO LOIPON, 'W* SWKRATE$; 'OU-GAR-DHPOU
SU GE 'APEREI$2 PROTERO$ "HMWN, "UPOMNHSW2 DE SE TA
LEIPOMENA.


<B NOM1>


<P 624A>
AQ ^ QEO$ 'H= TI$ 'ANQRWPWN "UMIN, 'W* XENOI, 'EILHFE0 THN
'AITIAN TH$ TWN NOMWN DIAQESEW$:
KL ^ QEO$, 'W* XENE, QEO$, "W$ GE TO DIKAIOTATON 'EIPEIN;
PARA MEN "HMIN ZEU$, PARA DE LAKEDAIMONIOI$, "OQEN "ODE
'ESTIN, 'OIMAI FANAI TOUTOU$ 'APOLLWNA. 'H*-GAR:
ME ^ NAI.
AQ ^ MWN-'OUN KAQ' "OMHRON LEGEI$ "W$ TOU* MINW FOITWNTO$
<P 624B>
PRO$ THN TOU* PATRO$ "EKASTOTE SUNOUSIAN DI' 'ENATOU
'ETOU$ KAI KATA TA$ PAR' 'EKEINOU FHMA$ TAI$ POLESIN "UMIN
QENTO$ TOU$ NOMOU$:
KL ^ LEGETAI GAR "OUTW PAR' "HMIN; KAI-DH-KAI TON 'ADELFON
GE 'AUTOU4 "RADAMANQUN % 'AKOUETE0 GAR TO 'ONOMA % DIKAIOTATON


<P 625A>
GEGONENAI. TOUTON 'OUN FAIMEN 'AN4 "HMEI$ GE "OI KRHTE$,
'EK TOU* TO=TE DIANEMEIN0 TA PERI= TA$ DIKA$, 'ORQW$ TOUTON TON
'EPAINON 'AUTON 'EILHFENAI.
AQ ^ KAI KALON GE TO KLEO$ "UEI TE DIO$ MALA PREPON.
'EPEIDH DE 'EN TOIOUTOI$ 'HQESI TEQRAFQE NOMIKOI$ SU TE-KAI
"ODE, PROSDOKW0 'OUK 'AN4 'AHDW$ PERI= TE POLITEIA$ TA NU*N
KAI NOMWN THN DIATRIBHN, LEGONTA$ TE-KAI 'AKOUONTA$ "AMA KATA
<P 625B>
THN POREIAN, POIHSASQAI. PANTW$ D' "H GE 'EK KNWSOU "ODO$
'EI$ TO TOU* DIO$ 'ANTRON KAI "IERON, "W$ 'AKOUOMEN, "IKANH, KAI
'ANAPAULAI KATA THN "ODON, "W$ 'EIKO$, PNIGOU$ 'ONTO$ TA NU*N,
'EN TOI$ "UYHLOI$ DENDRESIN 'EISI SKIARAI, KAI TAI$ "HLIKIAI$
PREPON 'AN4 "HMWN 'EIH TO DIANAPAUESQAI PUKNA 'EN 'AUTAI$,
LOGOI$ TE 'ALLHLOU$ PARAMUQOUMENOU$ THN "ODON "APASAN "OUTW
META "RA\STWNH$ DIAPERANAI0.
KL ^ KAI-MHN 'ESTIN GE, 'W* XENE, PROIONTI KUPARITTWN TE
<P 625C>
'EN TOI$ 'ALSESIN "UYH KAI KALLH QAUMA=SIA, KAI LEIMWNE$ 'EN
"OISIN 'ANAPAUOMENOI DIATRIBOIMEN 'AN4.
AQ ^ 'ORQW$ LEGEI$.
KL ^ PANU MEN-'OUN; 'IDONTE$ DE MALLON FHSOMEN. 'ALL'
'IWMEN 'AGAQHI TUCHI.
AQ ^ TAUT' 'EIH. KAI MOI LEGE; KATA TI= TA SUSSITIA
TE "UMIN SUNTETACEN0 "O NOMO$ KAI TA GUMNASIA KAI THN TWN
"OPLWN "EXIN:
KL ^ 'OIMAI MEN, 'W* XENE, KAI PANTI "RA\DION "UPOLABEIN 'EINAI
TA GE "HME=TERA. THN GAR TH$ CWRA$ PASH$ KRHTH$ FUSIN
<P 625D>
"ORATE0 "W$ 'OUK 'ESTI, KAQAPER "H TWN QETTALWN, PEDIA$, DIO
DH-KAI TOI$ MEN "IPPOI$ 'EKEINOI CRWNTAI0 MALLON, DROMOISIN
DE "HMEI$; "HDE GAR 'ANWMALO$ 'AU KAI PRO$ THN TWN PEZHI
DROMWN 'ASKHSIN MALLON SUMMETRO$. 'ELAFRA DH TA "OPLA
'ANAGKAION 'EN TW*I TOIOUTWI KEKTHSQAI KAI MH BARO$ 'ECONTA
QEIN; TWN DH TOXWN KAI TOXEUMATWN "H KOUFOTH$ "ARMOTTEIN
DOKEI0. TAUT' 'OUN PRO$ TON POLEMON "HMIN "APANTA 'EXHRTUTAI,
<P 625E>
KAI PANQ' "O NOMOQETH$, "W$ G' 'EMOI4 FAINETAI, PRO$ TOUTO BLEPWN
SUNETATTETO; 'EPEI KAI TA SUSSITIA KINDUNEUEI0 SUNAGAGEIN,
"ORWN "W$ PANTE$ "OPOTAN STRATEUWNTAI, TO=Q' "UP' 'AUTOU4
TOU* PRAGMATO$ 'ANAGKAZONTAI FULAKH$ "AUTWN "ENEKA SUSSITEIN
TOUTON TON CRONON. 'ANOIAN DH MOI DOKEI0 KATAGNWNAI0 TWN
POLLWN "W$ 'OU MANQANONTWN0 "OTI4 POLEMO$ 'AEI PASIN DIA= BIOU
SUNECH$ 'ESTI PRO$ "APASA$ TA$ POLEI$; 'EI DH POLEMOU GE
'ONTO$ FULAKH$ "ENEKA DEI SUSSITEIN KAI TINA$ 'ARCONTA$ KAI


<P 626A>
'ARCOMENOU$ DIAKEKOSMHMENOU$ 'EINAI FULAKA$ 'AUTWN, TOUTO
KAI 'EN 'EIRHNHI DRASTEON. "HN GAR KALOUSIN0 "OI PLEISTOI TWN
'ANQRWPWN 'EIRHNHN, TOUT' 'EINAI MONON 'ONOMA, TW*I D' 'ERGWI
PASAI$ PRO$ PASA$ TA$ POLEI$ 'AEI POLEMON 'AKHRUKTON KATA
FUSIN 'EINAI. KAI SCEDON 'ANEURHSEI$, "OUTW SKOPWN, TON
KRHTWN NOMOQETHN "W$ 'EI$ TON POLEMON "APANTA DHMOSIA\ KAI
'IDIA\ TA NOMIMA "HMIN 'APOBLEPWN SUNETAXATO, KAI KATA TAUTA
<P 626B>
"OUTW FULATTEIN PAREDWKE TOU$ NOMOU$, "W$ TWN 'ALLWN 'OUDENO$
'OUDEN 'OFELO$ 'ON 'OUTE KTHMATWN 'OUT' 'EPITHDEUMATWN, 'AN2
MH TW*I POLEMWI 'A=RA KRATHI5 TI$, PANTA DE TA TWN NIKWMENWN
'AGAQA TWN NIKWNTWN0 GIGNESQAI.
AQ ^ KALW$ GE, 'W* XENE, FAINHI0 MOI GEGUMNASQAI PRO$ TO
DIEIDENAI TA KRHTWN NOMIMA. TODE DE MOI FRAZE 'ETI SAFESTERON;
"ON GAR "ORON 'EQOU TH$ 'EU POLITEUOMENH$ POLEW$,
<P 626C>
DOKEI$ MOI LEGEIN "OUTW KEKOSMHMENHN 'OIKEIN DEIN, "WSTE
POLEMWI NIKAN TA$ 'ALLA$ POLEI$. 'H*-GAR:
KL ^ PANU MEN-'OUN; 'OIMAI DE-KAI TWIDE "OUTW SUNDOKEIN.
ME ^ PW*$ GAR 'AN4 'ALLW$ 'APOKRINAITO, 'W* QEIE, LAKEDAIMONIWN
GE "OSTISOUN:
AQ ^ PO=TER' 'OUN-DH POLESI MEN PRO$ POLEI$ 'ORQON TOUT'
'ESTI, KWMHI DE PRO$ KWMHN "ETERON:
KL ^ 'OUDAMW$.
AQ ^ 'ALLA= 'TAUTON:
KL ^ NAI.
AQ ^ TI= DE: PRO$ 'OIKIAN 'OIKIA\ TWN 'EN THI KWMHI, KAI PRO$
'ANDRA 'ANDRI "ENI PRO$ "ENA, 'TAUTON 'ETI:
KL ^ 'TAUTON.
<P 626D>
AQ ^ 'AUTWI DE PRO$ "AUTON POTERON "W$ POLEMIWI PRO$
POLEMION DIANOHTEON: 'H= PW*$ 'ETI LEGOMEN:
KL ^ 'W* XENE 'AQHNAIE % 'OU-GAR SE 'ATTIKON 'EQELOIM' 'AN4
PROSAGOREUEIN; DOKEI$ GAR MOI TH$ QEOU 'EPWNUMIA$ 'AXIO$
'EINAI MALLON 'EPONOMAZESQAI; TON GAR LOGON 'EP' 'ARCHN
'ORQW$ 'ANAGAGWN SAFESTERON 'EPOIHSA$, "WSTE "RA*ION 'ANEURHSEI$
"OTI4 NUNDH "UF' "HMWN 'ORQW$ 'ERRHQH TO POLEMIOU$ 'EINAI
PANTA$ PASIN DHMOSIA\ TE-KAI 'IDIA\ "EKASTOU$ 'AUTOU$
SFISIN-'AUTOI$.
<P 626E>
AQ ^ PW*$ 'EIRHKA$, 'W* QAUMASIE:
KL ^ 'KANTAUQA, 'W* XENE, TO NIKAN 'AUTON "AUTON PASWN
NIKWN PRWTH TE-KAI 'ARISTH, TO DE "HTTASQAI 'AUTON "UF' "EAUTOU
PANTWN 'AISCISTON TE "AMA KAI KAKISTON. TAUTA GAR "W$ POLEMOU
'EN "EKASTOI$ "HMWN 'ONTO$ PRO$ "HMA$-'AUTOU$ SHMAINEI0.
AQ ^ PALIN TOINUN TON LOGON 'ANASTREYWMEN. 'EPEIDH
GAR "EI$ "EKASTO$ "HMWN "O MEN KREITTWN "AUTOU, "O DE "HTTWN


<P 627A>
'ESTI, PO=TERA FWMEN 'OIKIAN TE-KAI KWMHN KAI POLIN 'ECEIN
'TAUTON TOUTO 'EN "AUTAI$ 'H= MH FWMEN:
KL ^ TO KREITTW TE "EAUTH$ 'EINAI LEGEI$ TINA, THN D' "HTTW:
AQ ^ NAI.
KL ^ KAI TOUTO 'ORQW$ 'HROU; PANU GAR 'ESTI KAI SFO=DRA
TO TOIOUTON, 'OUC "HKISTA 'EN TAI$ POLESIN. 'EN "OPOSAI$ MEN-GAR
"OI 'AMEINONE$ NIKWSIN0 TO PLHQO$ KAI TOU$ CEIROU$, 'ORQW$
'AN4 "AU=TH KREITTWN TE "EAUTH$ LEGOIQ' "H POLI$, 'EPAINOITO
TE 'AN4 DIKAIOTATA THI TOIAUTHI NIKHI; 'TOUNANTION DE, "OPOU
'TANANTIA.
<P 627B>
AQ ^ TO MEN-TOINUN 'EI POTE 'ESTIN POU TO CEIRON KREITTON
TOU* 'AMEINONO$ 'EASWMEN % MAKROTEROU GAR LOGOU % TO DE "UPO
SOU4 LEGOMENON MANQANW0 NU*N, "W$ POTE POLITAI, SUGGENEI$ KAI
TH$ 'AUTH$ POLEW$ GEGONOTE$, 'ADIKOI KAI POLLOI SUNELQONTE$,
DIKAIOU$ 'ELATTOU$ 'ONTA$ BIASONTAI DOULOUMENOI, KAI "OTAN
MEN KRATHSWSIN, "HTTWN "H POLI$ "AUTH$ 'ORQW$ "AU=TH LEGOIT'
'AN4 "AMA KAI KAKH, "OPOU D' 'AN4 "HTTWNTAI2, KREITTWN TE-KAI
'AGAQH.
<P 627C>
KL ^ KAI MALA 'ATOPON, 'W* XENE, TO NU*N LEGOMENON; "OMW$
DE "OMOLOGEIN "OUTW$ 'ANAGKAIOTATON.
AQ ^ 'ECE DH. KAI TODE PALIN 'EPISKEYWMEQA; POLLOI
'ADELFOI POU GENOINT' 'AN4 "ENO$ 'ANDRO$ TE-KAI MIA$ "UEI$, KAI-DH-KAI
QAUMASTON 'OUDEN TOU$ PLEIOU$ MEN 'ADIKOU$ 'AUTWN
GIGNESQAI, TOU$ DE 'ELATTOU$ DIKAIOU$.
KL ^ 'OU-GAR-'OUN.
AQ ^ KAI 'OUK 'AN4 'EIH GE PREPON 'EMOI4 TE-KAI "UMIN TOUTO
QHREUEIN, "OTI4 NIKWNTWN0 MEN TWN PONHRWN "H TE 'OIKIA KAI "H
SUGGENEIA "AU=TH PASA "HTTWN "AUTH$ LEGOIT' 'AN4, KREITTWN DE
<P 627D>
"HTTWMENWN; 'OU-GAR 'EUSCHMOSUNH$ TE-KAI 'ASCHMOSUNH$
"RHMATWN "ENEKA TA NU*N SKOPOUMEQA PRO$ TON TWN POLLWN
LOGON, 'ALL' 'ORQOTHTO$ TE-KAI "AMARTIA$ PE=RI NOMWN, "HTI$
POT' 'ESTIN FUSEI.
KL ^ 'ALHQESTATA, 'W* XENE, LEGEI$.
ME ^ KALW$ MEN-'OUN, "W$ GE 'EMOI4 SUNDOKEIN, TO GE TOSOUTON,
TA NU*N.
AQ ^ 'IDWMEN DH-KAI TODE; TOUTOI$ TOI$ 'ARTI LEGOMENOI$
'ADELFOI$ GENOIT' 'AN4 POU TI$ DIKASTH$:
KL ^ PANU GE.
AQ ^ POTERO$ 'OUN 'AMEINWN, "OSTI$ TOU$ MEN 'APOLESEIEN
<P 627E>
'AUTWN "OSOI KAKOI, TOU$ DE BELTIOU$ 'ARCEIN 'AUTOU$ "AUTWN
PROSTAXEIEN, 'H= "ODE "O$4 'AN4 TOU$ MEN CRHSTOU$ 'ARCEIN, TOU$
CEIROU$ D' 'EASA$ ZHN 'ARCESQAI "EKONTA$ POIHSEIEN: TRITON
DE-POU DIKASTHN PRO$ 'ARETHN 'EIPWMEN, 'EI TI$ 'EIH TOIOUTO$
"OSTI$ PARALABWN SUGGENEIAN MIAN DIAFEROMENHN, MHTE 'APOLESEIEN


<P 628A>
MHDENA, DIALLAXA$ DE 'EI$ TON 'EPILOIPON CRONON,
NOMOU$ 'AUTOI$ QEI$, PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ PARAFULATTEIN DUNAITO
"WSTE 'EINAI FILOU$.
KL ^ MAKRWI 'AMEINWN GIGNOIT' 'AN4 "O TOIOUTO$ DIKASTH$ TE-KAI
NOMOQETH$.
AQ ^ KAI-MHN 'TOUNANTION GE 'H= PRO$ POLEMON 'AN4 BLEPWN
'AUTOI$ TOU$ NOMOU$ DIANOMOQETOI.
KL ^ TOUTO MEN 'ALHQE$.
AQ ^ TI= D' "O THN POLIN SUNARMOTTWN: PRO$ POLEMON
'AUTH$ 'AN4 TON 'EXWQEN BLEPWN TON BION KOSMOI MALLON,
<P 628B>
'H= PRO$ POLEMON TON 'EN 'AUTHI GIGNOMENON "EKASTOTE, "H=4 DH
KALEITAI0 STASI$: "ON MALISTA MEN "APA$ 'AN4 BOULOITO MHTE
GENESQAI POTE 'EN "EAUTOU POLEI GENOMENON TE "W$ TACISTA
'APALLATTESQAI.
KL ^ DHLON "OTI4 PRO$ TOUTON.
AQ ^ PO=TERA DE 'APOLOMENWN 'AU TWN "ETERWN 'EIRHNHN TH$
STASEW$ GENESQAI, NIKHSANTWN0 DE POTERWN, DEXAIT' 'AN4 TI$,
MALLON 'H= FILIA$ TE-KAI 'EIRHNH$ "UPO DIALLAGWN GENOMENH$,
"OUTW TOI$ 'EXWQEN POLEMIOI$ PROSECEIN 'ANAGKHN 'EINAI TON
<P 628C>
NOUN:
KL ^ "OUTW PA$ 'AN4 'EQELOI PROTERON 'H= 'KEINW$ PERI= THN
"AUTOU GIGNESQAI POLIN.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI NOMOQETH$ "WSAUTW$:
KL ^ TI= MHN:
AQ ^ 'A*RA-'OUN 'OU TOU* 'ARISTOU "ENEKA PANTA 'AN4 TA NOMIMA
TIQEIH PA$:
KL ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
AQ ^ TO GE-MHN 'ARISTON 'OUTE "O POLEMO$ 'OUTE "H STASI$,
'APEUKTON DE TO DEHQHNAI TOUTWN, 'EIRHNH DE PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$
"AMA KAI FILOFROSUNH, KAI-DH-KAI TO NIKAN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'AUTHN
<P 628D>
"AUTHN POLIN 'OUK 'H*N TWN 'ARISTWN 'ALLA= TWN 'ANAGKAIWN;
"OMOION "W$ 'EI KAMNON SWMA 'IATRIKH$ KAQARSEW$ TUCON "HGOITO
TI$ 'ARISTA PRATTEIN TO=TE, TW*I DE-MHDE TO PARAPAN DEHQENTI
SWMATI MHDE PROSECOI TON NOUN, "WSAUTW$ DE-KAI PRO$
POLEW$ 'EUDAIMONIAN 'H=-KAI 'IDIWTOU DIANOOUMENO$ "OUTW TI$
'OUT' 'AN4 POTE POLITIKO$ GENOITO 'ORQW$, PRO$ TA 'EXWQEN POLEMIKA
'APOBLEPWN MONON KAI PRWTON, 'OUT' 'AN4 NOMOQETH$
'AKRIBH$, 'EI MH CARIN 'EIRHNH$ TA POLEMOU NOMOQETOI MALLON
<P 628E>
'H= TWN POLEMIKWN "ENEKA TA TH$ 'EIRHNH$.
KL ^ FAINETAI MEN PW$ "O LOGO$ "OUTO$, 'W* XENE, 'ORQW$
'EIRHSQAI, QAUMAZW0 GE-MHN 'EI TA TE PAR' "HMIN NOMIMA KAI
'ETI TA PERI= LAKEDAIMONA MH PASAN THN SPOUDHN TOUTWN
"ENEKA PEPOIHTAI.


<P 629A>
AQ ^ TAC' 'AN4 'ISW$; DEI DE 'OUDEN SKLHRW$ "HMA$ 'AUTOI$
DIAMACESQAI TA NU*N 'ALL' 'HREMA 'ANERWTAN, "W$ MALISTA
PERI= TAUTA "HMWN TE-KAI 'EKEINWN SPOUDAZONTWN0. KAI MOI
TW*I LOGWI SUNAKOLOUQHSATE. PROSTHSWMEQA GOUN TURTAION,
TON FUSEI MEN 'AQHNAION, TWNDE DE POLITHN GENOMENON, "O$4
DH MALISTA 'ANQRWPWN PERI= TAUTA 'ESPOUDAKEN0 'EIPWN "OTI4 %
'OUT'9 'AN94 MNHSAIMHN9 'OUT'9 'EN9 LOGWI9 'ANDRA9 TIQEIMHN9
<P 629B>
'OUT' 'EI TI$ PLOUSIWTATO$ 'ANQRWPWN 'EIH, FHSIN, 'OUT' 'EI
POLLA 'AGAQA KEKTHMENO$, 'EIPWN SCEDON "APANTA, "O$4 MH PERI=
TON POLEMON 'ARISTO$ GIGNOIT' 'AEI. TAUTA GAR 'AKHKOA$ POU-KAI
SU TA POIHMATA; "ODE MEN-GAR 'OIMAI DIAKORH$ 'AUTWN 'ESTI.
ME ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
KL ^ KAI-MHN-KAI PAR' "HMA$ 'ELHLUQE0 KOMISQENTA 'EK
LAKEDAIMONO$.
AQ ^ 'IQI NUN 'ANERWMEQA KOINHI TOUTONI TON POIHTHN "OUTWSI
PW$; 'W* TURTAIE, POIHTA QEIOTATE % DOKEI$ GAR-DH
<P 629C>
SOFO$ "HMIN 'EINAI KAI 'AGAQO$, "OTI4 TOU$ MEN 'EN TW*I POLEMWI
DIAFERONTA$ DIAFERONTW$ 'EGKEKWMIAKA$ % 'HDH 'OUN TUGCANOMEN
'EGW TE-KAI "ODE KAI KLEINIA$ "O KNWSIO$ "OUTOSI SUMFEROMENOI
SOI4 PERI= TOUTOU SFO=DRA, "W$ DOKOUMEN; 'EI DE PERI=
TWN 'AUTWN LEGOMEN 'ANDRWN 'H= MH, BOULOMEQA SAFW$ 'EIDENAI.
LEGE 'OUN "HMIN; 'A*RA 'EIDH DUO POLEMOU KAQAPER "HMEI$ "HGHI0
KAI SU SAFW$: 'H= PW*$: PRO$ TAUT' 'OIMAI 'KAN4 POLU FAULOTERO$
<P 629D>
'EIPOI TURTAIOU TI$ 'TALHQE$, "OTI4 DUO, TO MEN "O= KALOUMEN0
"APANTE$ STASIN, "O$4 DH PANTWN POLEMWN CALEPWTATO$,
"W$ 'EFAMEN "HMEI$ NUNDH; TO DE 'ALLO POLEMOU QHSOMEN 'OIMAI
GENO$ "APANTE$ "WI PRO$ TOU$ 'EKTO$ TE-KAI 'ALLOFULOU$ CRWMEQA0
DIAFEROMENOI, POLU PRA\OTERON 'EKEINOU.
KL ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ ^ FERE DH, POTEROU$, KAI PRO$ POTERON 'EPAINWN TON
POLEMON, "OUTW$ "UPEREPHINESA$, TOU$ DE 'EYEXA$ TWN 'ANDRWN:
'EOIKA$ MEN-GAR PRO$ TOU$ 'EKTO$; 'EIRHKA$ GOUN "WDE 'EN TOI$
<P 629E>
POIHMASIN, "W$ 'OUDAMW$ TOU$ TOIOUTOU$ 'ANECOMENO$, "OI=4 MH9
TOLMHSWSIN1 MEN9 "ORAN1 FONON9 "AIMATOENTA9,
KAI9 DHIWN9 'OREGOINT'1 'EGGUQEN9 "ISTAMENOI1.
'OUKOU*N TA META TAUTA 'EIPOIMEN 'AN4 "HMEI$ "OTI4 SU MEN 'EPAINEI$,
"W$ 'EOIKA$, 'W* TURTAIE, MALISTA TOU$ PRO$ TON 'OQNEION
TE-KAI 'EXWQEN POLEMON GIGNOMENOU$ 'EPIFANEI$. FAIH TAUT'
'AN4 POU-KAI "OMOLOGOI:
KL ^ TI= MHN:


<P 630A>
AQ ^ "HMEI$ DE-GE 'AGAQWN 'ONTWN0 TOUTWN 'ETI FAMEN 'AMEINOU$
'EINAI KAI POLU TOU$ 'EN TW*I MEGISTWI POLEMWI GIGNOMENOU$
'ARISTOU$ DIAFANW$; POIHTHN DE-KAI "HMEI$ MARTUR' 'ECOMEN,
QEOGNIN, POLITHN TWN 'EN SIKELIA\ MEGAREWN, "O$4 FHSIN %
PISTO$9 'ANHR9 CRUSOU9 TE9-KAI9 'ARGUROU9 'ANTERUSASQAI9
'AXIO$9 'EN9 CALEPHI9, KURNE9, DICOSTASIHI9.
TOUTON DH FAMEN 'EN POLEMWI CALEPWTERWI 'AMEINONA 'EKEINOU
PAMPOLU GIGNESQAI, SCEDON "OSON 'AMEINWN DIKAIOSUNH KAI
<P 630B>
SWFROSUNH KAI FRONHSI$ 'EI$ 'TAUTON 'ELQOUSAI MET' 'ANDREIA$,
'AUTH$ MONH$ 'ANDREIA$. PISTO$ MEN-GAR-KAI "UGIH$ 'EN STASESIN
'OUK 'AN4 POTE GENOITO 'ANEU SUMPASH$ 'ARETH$; DIABANTE$
D' 'EU KAI MACOMENOI 'EQELONTE$ 'APOQNHISKEIN 'EN "WI POLEMWI
FRAZEI0 TURTAIO$ TWN MISQOFORWN 'EISIN PAMPOLLOI, "WN
"OI PLEISTOI GIGNONTAI QRASEI$ KAI 'ADIKOI KAI "UBRISTAI KAI
'AFRONESTATOI SCEDON "APANTWN, 'EKTO$ DH TINWN 'EU MALA
'OLIGWN. POI* DH TELEUTA*I0 NU*N "HMIN "OUTO$ "O LOGO$, KAI TI=
<P 630C>
FANERON POTE POIHSAI0 BOULHQEI$ LEGEI0 TAUTA: DHLON "OTI4
TODE, "W$ PANTO$ MALLON KAI "O THIDE PARA DIO$ NOMOQETH$,
PA$ TE "OU2 KAI SMIKRON 'OFELO$, 'OUK 'ALLO 'H= PRO$ THN MEGISTHN
'ARETHN MALISTA BLEPWN 'AEI QHSEI2 TOU$ NOMOU$; 'ESTI
DE, "W$ FHSIN QEOGNI$, "AU=TH PISTOTH$ 'EN TOI$ DEINOI$, "HN
TI$ DIKAIOSUNHN 'AN4 TELEAN 'ONOMASEIEN. "HN D' 'AU TURTAIO$
'EPHINESEN MALISTA, KALH MEN-KAI KATA KAIRON KEKOSMHMENH
TW*I POIHTHI, TETARTH MENTOI "OMW$ 'ARIQMWI TE-KAI DUNAMEI TOU*
<P 630D>
TIMI=A 'EINAI LEGOIT' 'AN4 'ORQOTATA.
KL ^ 'W* XENE, TON NOMOQETHN "HMWN 'APOBALLOMEN 'EI$
TOU$ PORRW NOMOQETA$.
AQ ^ 'OUC "HMEI$ GE, 'W* 'ARISTE, 'ALL' "HMA$-'AUTOU$, "OTAN
'OIWMEQA PANTA TA T' 'EN LAKEDAIMONI KAI TA THIDE PRO$
TON POLEMON MALISTA BLEPONTA$ LUKOURGON TE-KAI MINW
TIQESQAI TA NOMIMA.
KL ^ TO DE PW*$ CRHN "HMA$ LEGEIN:
AQ ^ "WSPER TO TE 'ALHQE$ 'OIMAI KAI TO DIKAION "UPER GE
<P 630E>
QEIA$ DIALEGOMENOU$ LEGEIN, 'OUC "W$ PRO$ 'ARETH$ TI MORION,
KAI TAUTA TO FAULOTATON, 'ETIQEI BLEPWN, 'ALLA= PRO$ PASAN
'ARETHN, KAI KAT' 'EIDH ZHTEIN 'AUTWN TOU$ NOMOU$ 'OUD' "APER
"OI TWN NU*N 'EIDH PROTIQEMENOI ZHTOUSIN0. "OU2 GAR 'AN4 "EKASTO$
'EN CREIA\ GIGNHTAI, TOUTO ZHTEI0 NU*N PARAQEMENO$, "O MEN TA
PERI= TWN KLHRWN KAI 'EPIKLHRWN, "O DE TH$ 'AIKIA$ PE=RI, 'ALLOI
DE 'A=LL' 'ATTA MURIA TOIAUTA; "HMEI$ DE FAMEN 'EINAI TO PERI=


<P 631A>
NOMOU$ ZHTHMA TWN 'EU ZHTOUNTWN0 "WSPER NU*N "HMEI$ 'HRXAMEQA.
KAI SOU4 THN MEN 'EPICEIRHSIN TH$ 'EXHGHSEW$ PERI=
TOU$ NOMOU$ PANTAPASIN 'AGAMAI; TO GAR 'AP' 'ARETH$ 'ARCESQAI,
LEGONTA "W$ 'ETIQEI TAUTH$ "ENEKA TOU$ NOMOU$, 'ORQON;
"OTI4 DE PANTA 'EI$ MORION 'ARETH$, KAI TAUTA TO SMIKROTATON,
'EPANAFERONTA 'EFHSQ' 'AUTON NOMOQETEIN, 'OUTE 'ORQW$ 'ETI MOI
KATEFANH$ LEGWN TON TE "USTERON NU*N LOGON TOUTON PANTA
'EIRHKA DIA= TAUTA. PH*I DH-'OUN SE 'ET' 'AN4 'EBOULOMHN DIELOMENON
<P 631B>
LEGEIN 'AUTO$ TE 'AKOUEIN: BOULEI SOI4 FRAZW3:
KL ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ 'W* XENE, 'ECRHN 'EIPEIN, "OI KRHTWN NOMOI 'OUK
'EISIN MATHN DIAFERONTW$ 'EN PASIN 'EUDOKIMOI TOI$ "ELLHSIN;
'ECOUSIN0 GAR 'ORQW$, TOU$ 'AUTOI$ CRWMENOU$ 'EUDAIMONA$ 'APOTELOUNTE$0.
PANTA GAR 'TAGAQA PORIZOUSIN0. DIPLA DE 'AGAQA
'ESTIN, TA MEN 'ANQRWPINA, TA DE QEI*A; 'HRTHTAI D' 'EK TWN
QEIWN QATERA, KAI 'EA=N MEN DECHTAI TI$ TA MEIZONA POLI$,
<P 631C>
KTATAI0 KAI TA 'ELATTONA, 'EI DE MH, STERETAI 'AMFOIN. 'ESTI
DE TA MEN 'ELATTONA "WN "HGEITAI MEN "UGIEIA, KALLO$ DE DEUTERON,
TO DE TRITON 'ISCU$ 'EI$ TE DROMON KAI 'EI$ TA$ 'ALLA$
PASA$ KINHSEI$ TW*I SWMATI, TETARTON DE-DH PLOUTO$ 'OU TUFLO$
'ALL' 'OXU BLEPWN, 'ANPER2 "AM' "EPHTAI FRONHSEI; "O= DH PRWTON
'AU TWN QEIWN "HGEMONOUN 'ESTIN 'AGAQWN, "H FRONHSI$, DEUTERON
DE META NOU SWFRWN YUCH$ "EXI$, 'EK DE TOUTWN MET'
'ANDREIA$ KRAQENTWN5 TRITON 'AN4 'EIH DIKAIOSUNH, TETARTON DE
<P 631D>
'ANDREIA. TAUTA DE PANTA 'EKEINWN 'EMPROSQEN TETAKTAI FUSEI,
KAI-DH-KAI TW*I NOMOQETHI TAKTEON "OUTW$. META DE TAUTA
TA$ 'ALLA$ PROSTAXEI$ TOI$ POLITAI$ 'EI$ TAUTA BLEPOUSA$
'AUTOI$ 'EINAI DIAKELEUSTEON, TOUTWN DE TA MEN 'ANQRWPINA
'EI$ TA QEI*A, TA DE QEI*A 'EI$ TON "HGEMONA NOUN SUMPANTA
BLEPEIN; PERI= TE GAMOU$ 'ALLHLOI$ 'EPIKOINOUMENOU$, META TE
TAUTA 'EN TAI$ TWN PAIDWN GENNHSESIN KAI TROFAI$ "OSOI
<P 631E>
TE 'ARRENE$ KAI "OSAI QHLEIAI, NEWN TE 'ONTWN0 KAI 'EPI TO PRESBUTERON
'IONTWN0 MECRI GHRW$, TIMWNTA 'ORQW$ 'EPIMELEISQAI
DEI KAI 'ATIMAZONTA, 'EN PASAI$ TAI$ TOUTWN "OMILIAI$ TA$ TE
LUPA$ 'AUTWN KAI TA$ "HDONA$ KAI TA$ 'EPIQUMIA$ SUMPANTWN


<P 632A>
TE 'ERWTWN TA$ SPOUDA$ 'EPESKEMMENON KAI PARAPEFULACOTA,
YEGEIN TE 'ORQW$ KAI 'EPAINEIN DI' 'AUTWN TWN NOMWN; 'EN 'ORGAI$
TE 'AU KAI 'EN FOBOI$, "OSAI TE DIA= DUSTUCIAN TARACAI TAI$
YUCAI$ GIGNONTAI KAI "OSAI 'EN 'EUTUCIAI$ TWN TOIOUTWN 'APOFUGAI,
"OSA TE KATA NOSOU$ 'H= KATA POLEMOU$ 'H= PENIA$ 'H= TA
TOUTOI$ 'ENANTIA GIGNOMENA PROSPIPTEI0 TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ PAQHMATA,
'EN PASIN TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ TH$ "EKASTWN DIAQESEW$ DIDAKTEON
<P 632B>
KAI "ORISTEON TO TE KALON KAI MH. META DE TAUTA
'ANAGKH TON NOMOQETHN TA$ KTHSEI$ TWN POLITWN KAI TA
'ANALWMATA FULATTEIN "ONTIN' 'AN4 GIGNHTAI TROPON, KAI TA$
PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ PASIN TOUTOI$ KOINWNIA$ KAI DIALUSEI$ "EKOUSIN
TE-KAI 'AKOUSIN KAQ' "OPOION 'AN4 "EKASTON PRATTWSIN TWN
TOIOUTWN PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ 'EPISKOPEIN, TO TE DIKAION KAI MH
'EN "OI$ 'ESTIN TE-KAI 'EN "OI$ 'ELLEIPEI0, KAI TOI$ MEN 'EUPEIQESIN
TWN NOMWN TIMA$ 'APONEMEIN0, TOI$ DE DUSPEIQESI DIKA$ TAKTA$
<P 632C>
'EPITIQENAI, MECRIPER 'AN4 PRO$ TELO$ "APASH$ POLITEIA$ 'EPEXELQWN,
'IDHI6 TWN TELEUTHSANTWN0 TI=NA DEI TROPON "EKASTOI$
GIGNESQAI TA$ TAFA$ KAI TIMA$ "ASTINA$ 'AUTOI$ 'APONEMEIN0
DEI; KATIDWN DE "O QEI$ TOU$ NOMOU$ "APASIN TOUTOI$ FULAKA$
'EPISTHSEI2, TOU$ MEN DIA= FRONHSEW$, TOU$ DE DI' 'ALHQOU$
DOXH$ 'IONTA$, "OPW$ PANTA TAUTA SUNDHSA$ "O NOU$ "EPOMENA
SWFROSUNHI KAI DIKAIOSUNHI 'APOFHNHI6, 'ALLA= MH PLOUTWI MHDE
<P 632D>
FILOTIMIA\. "OUTW$, 'W* XENOI, 'EGWGE 'HQELON 'AN4 "UMA$ KAI 'ETI
NU*N BOULOMAI DIEXELQEIN PW*$ 'EN TOI$ TOU* DIO$ LEGOMENOI$
NOMOI$ TOI$ TE TOU* PUQIOU 'APOLLWNO$, "OU$ MINW$ TE-KAI
LUKOURGO$ 'EQETHN, 'ENESTIN TE PANTA TAUTA, KAI "OPHI TAXIN
TINA 'EILHFOTA DIADHLA 'ESTIN TW*I PERI= NOMWN 'EMPEIRWI TECNHI
'EI=TE-KAI TISIN 'EQESIN, TOI$ DE 'ALLOI$ "HMIN 'OUDAMW$ 'ESTI
KATAFANH.
KL ^ PW*$ 'OUN, 'W* XENE, LEGEIN CRH TA META TAUTA:
AQ ^ 'EX 'ARCH$ PALIN 'EMOIGE DOKEI0 CRHNAI0 DIEXELQEIN,
<P 632E>
KAQAPER 'HRXAMEQA, TA TH$ 'ANDREIA$ PRWTON 'EPITHDEUMATA,
'EPEITA "ETERON KAI 'AUQI$ "ETERON 'EIDO$ TH$ 'ARETH$ DIEXIMEN0,
'EA=N BOULHSQE; "OPW$ D' 'AN4 TO PRWTON DIEXELQWMEN, PEIRASWMEQA
'AUTO PARADEIGMA QEMENOI KAI 'TALL' "OUTW DIAMUQOLOGOUNTE$
PARAMUQIA POIHSASQAI TH$ "ODOU, "USTERON DE 'ARETH$
PASH$ "A GE NUNDH DIHLQOMEN 'EKEISE BLEPONTA 'APOFANOUMEN,
'AN2 QEO$ 'EQELHI5.


<P 633A>
ME ^ KALW$ LEGEI$, KAI PEIRW5 PRWTON KRINEIN0 TON TOU*
DIO$ 'EPAINETHN TONDE "HMIN.
AQ ^ PEIRASOMAI, KAI SE TE-KAI 'EMAUTON; KOINO$ GAR "O
LOGO$. LEGETE3 'OUN; TA SUSSITIA FAMEN KAI TA GUMNASIA
PRO$ TON POLEMON 'EXHURHSQAI TW*I NOMOQETHI:
ME ^ NAI.
AQ ^ KAI TRITON 'H= TETARTON: 'ISW$ GAR 'AN4 "OUTW CREIH
DIARIQMHSASQAI KAI PERI= TWN TH$ 'ALLH$ 'ARETH$ 'EI=TE MERWN
'EI=TE "ATT' 'AUTA KALEIN0 CREWN 'ESTI, DHLOUNTA MONON "A LEGEI0.
<P 633B>
ME ^ TRITON TOINUN, 'EGWG' 'EIPOIM' 'AN4 KAI LAKEDAIMONIWN
"OSTISOUN, THN QHRAN "HURE.
AQ ^ TETARTON DE, 'H= PEMPTON 'EI DUNAIMEQA, LEGEIN
PEIRWMEQA2.
ME ^ 'ETI TOINUN-KAI TO TETARTON 'EGWGE PEIRWIMHN 'AN4
LEGEIN, TO PERI= TA$ KARTERHSEI$ TWN 'ALGHDONWN POLU PAR'
"HMIN GIGNOMENON, 'EN TE TAI$ PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ TAI$ CERSI MACAI$
KAI 'EN "ARPAGAI$ TISIN DIA= POLLWN PLHGWN "EKASTOTE GIGNOMENWN;
'ETI DE-KAI KRUPTEIA TI$ 'ONOMAZETAI QAUMASTW$ POLUPONO$
<P 633C>
PRO$ TA$ KARTERHSEI$, CEIMWNWN TE 'ANUPODHSIAI KAI
'ASTRWSIAI KAI 'ANEU QERAPONTWN 'AUTOI$ "EAUTWN DIAKONHSEI$
NUKTWR TE PLANWMENWN DIA= PASH$ TH$ CWRA$ KAI MEQ'
"HMERAN. 'ETI DE 'KAN TAI$ GUMNOPAIDIAI$ DEINAI KARTERHSEI$
PAR' "HMIN GIGNONTAI THI TOU* PNIGOU$ "RWMHI DIAMACOMENWN, KAI
PAMPOLLA "E=TERA, SCEDON "OSA 'OUK 'AN4 PAUSAITO TI$ "EKASTOTE
DIEXIWN.
AQ ^ 'EU GE, 'W* LAKEDAIMONIE XENE, LEGEI$. THN 'ANDREIAN
DE, FERE, TI= QWMEN: POTERON "APLW$ "OUTW$ 'EINAI PRO$ FOBOU$
<P 633D>
KAI LUPA$ DIAMACHN MONON, 'H=-KAI PRO$ POQOU$ TE-KAI "HDONA$
KAI TINA$ DEINA$ QWPEIA$ KOLAKIKA$, "AI=4 KAI TWN SEMNWN
'OIOMENWN 'EINAI TOU$ QUMOU$ POIOUSIN0 KHRINOU$.
ME ^ 'OIMAI MEN "OUTW; PRO$ TAUTA SUMPANTA.
AQ ^ 'EI GOUN MEMNHMEQA TOU$ 'EMPROSQEN LOGOU$, "HTTW
TINA "ODE KAI POLIN 'ELEGEN 'AUTHN "AUTH$ KAI 'ANDRA. 'H*-GAR, 'W*
XENE KNWSIE:
KL ^ KAI PANU GE.
<P 633E>
AQ ^ NU*N 'OUN PO=TERA LEGOMEN TON TWN LUPWN "HTTW KAKON
'H=-KAI TON TWN "HDONWN:
KL ^ MALLON, 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, TON TWN "HDONWN; KAI PANTE$
POU MALLON LEGOMEN TON "UPO TWN "HDONWN KRATOUMENON TOUTON
TON 'EPONEIDISTW$ "HTTONA "EAUTOU PROTERON 'H= TON "UPO TWN
LUPWN.


<P 634A>
AQ ^ "O DIO$ 'OUN-DH-KAI "O PUQIKO$ NOMOQETH$ 'OU DHPOU
CWLHN THN 'ANDREIAN NENOMOQETHKATON, PRO$ 'TARISTERA MONON
DUNAMENHN 'ANTIBAINEIN, PRO$ TA DEXIA KAI KOMYA KAI QWPEUTIKA
'ADUNATOUSAN: 'H= PRO$ 'AMFO=TERA:
KL ^ PRO$ 'AMFO=TERA 'EGWGE 'AXIW0.
AQ ^ LEGWMEN TOINUN PALIN 'EPITHDEUMATA POI*A 'ESQ' "UMIN
'AMFOTERAI$ TAI$ POLESIN, "A GEUONTA TWN "HDONWN KAI 'OU
FEUGONTA 'AUTA$, KAQAPER TA$ LUPA$ 'OUK 'EFEUGEN, 'ALL'
'AGONTA 'EI$ MESA$, 'HNAGKAZE KAI 'EPEIQEN TIMAI$ "WSTE KRATEIN
<P 634B>
'AUTWN: POU* DH TOUT' 'ESTIN 'TAUTON PERI= TA$ "HDONA$ SUNTETAGMENON
'EN TOI$ NOMOI$: LEGESQW TI= TOUT' 'ESTIN "O= KAI
'APERGAZETAI "UMIN "OMOIW$ PRO$ TE 'ALGHDONA$ KAI PRO$
"HDONA$ TOU$ 'AUTOU$ 'ANDREIOU$, NIKWNTA$ TE "A DEI NIKAN
KAI 'OUDAMW$ "HTTOU$ POLEMIWN TWN 'EGGUTATA "EAUTWN KAI
CALEPWTATWN.
ME ^ "OUTW MEN-TOINUN, 'W* XENE, KAQAPER PRO$ TA$ 'ALGHDONA$
'EICON NOMOU$ 'ANTITETAGMENOU$ POLLOU$ 'EIPEIN, 'OUK 'AN4
<P 634C>
'ISW$ 'EUPOROIHN KATA MEGALA MERH KAI DIAFANH LEGWN PERI=
TWN "HDONWN; KATA DE SMIKRA 'ISW$ 'EUPOROIHN 'AN4.
KL ^ 'OU-MHN-'OUD' 'AN4 'AUTO$ 'EGWGE 'EN TOI$ KATA KRHTHN
NOMOI$ 'ECOIMI 'EMFANE$ "OMOIW$ POIEIN TO TOIOUTON.
AQ ^ 'W* 'ARISTOI XENWN, KAI 'OUDEN GE QAUMASTON. 'ALL'
'AN2 'A=RA TI$ "HMWN PERI= TOU$ "EKASTWN 'OIKOI NOMOU$ YEXHI6 TI,
BOULOMENO$ 'IDEIN TO TE 'ALHQE$ "AMA KAI TO BELTISTON, MH
CALEPW$ 'ALLA= PRA\W$ 'APODECWMEQA 'ALLHLWN.
KL ^ 'ORQW$, 'W* XENE 'AQHNAIE, 'EIRHKA$, KAI PEISTEON.
<P 634D>
AQ ^ 'OU-GAR 'AN4, 'W* KLEINIA, THLIKOISDE 'ANDRASIN PREPOI
TO TOIOUTON.
KL ^ 'OU-GAR-'OUN.
AQ ^ 'EI MEN-TOINUN 'ORQW$ 'H= MH TI$ 'EPITIMA*I0 THI TE LAKWNIKHI
KAI THI KRHTIKHI POLITEIA\, LOGO$ 'AN4 "ETERO$ 'EIH; TA D'-'OUN
LEGOMENA PRO$ TWN POLLWN 'ISW$ 'EGW MALLON 'ECOIM'
'AN4 "UMWN 'AMFOTERWN LEGEIN. "UMIN MEN-GAR, 'EIPER KAI METRIW$
KATESKEUASTAI TA TWN NOMWN, "EI$ TWN KALLISTWN 'AN4
'EIH NOMWN MH ZHTEIN TWN NEWN MHDENA 'EA*N POI*A KALW$
<P 634E>
'AUTWN 'H= MH KALW$ 'ECEI0, MIA*I DE FWNHI KAI 'EX "ENO$ STOMATO$
PANTA$ SUMFWNEIN "W$ PANTA KALW$ KEITAI QENTWN3 QEWN,
KAI 'EA=N TI$ 'ALLW$ LEGHI5, MH 'ANECESQAI TO PARAPAN 'AKOUONTA$;
GERWN DE 'EI TI$ TI SUNNOEI0 TWN PAR' "UMIN, PRO$
'ARCONTA TE-KAI PRO$ "HLIKIWTHN MHDENO$ 'ENANTION NEOU
POIEISQAI TOU$ TOIOUTOU$ LOGOU$.
KL ^ 'ORQOTATA GE, 'W* XENE, LEGEI$, KAI KAQAPER MANTI$,


<P 635A>
'APWN TH$ TO=TE DIANOIA$ TOU* TIQENTO$ 'AUTA, NU*N 'EPIEIKW$ MOI
DOKEI$ 'ESTOCASQAI KAI SFO=DRA 'ALHQH LEGEIN.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N "HMIN TA NU*N 'ERHMIA MEN NEWN, 'AUTOI D'
"ENEKA GHRW$ 'AFEIMEQ' "UPO TOU* NOMOQETOU DIALEGOMENOI PERI=
'AUTWN TOUTWN MONOI PRO$ MONOU$ MHDEN 'AN4 PLHMMELEIN:
KL ^ 'ESTI TAUTA "OUTW$, 'EI$ "A KAI MHDEN GE 'ANHI$ 'EPITIMWN
TOI$ NOMOI$ "HMWN; 'OU-GAR TO GE GNWNAI0 TI TWN MH
KALWN 'ATIMON, 'ALLA= 'IASIN 'EX 'AUTOU4 SUMBAINEI0 GIGNESQAI
<P 635B>
TW*I MH FQONWI TA LEGOMENA 'ALL' 'EUNOIA\ DECOMENWI.
AQ ^ KALW$; 'OU-MHN 'EPITIMWN GE 'ERW2 TOI$ NOMOI$ PW,
PRIN BEBAIW$ 'EI$ DUNAMIN DIASKEYASQAI, MALLON DE 'APORWN.
"UMIN GAR "O NOMOQETH$ MONOI$ "ELLHNWN KAI BARBARWN, "WN
"HMEI$ PUNQANOMEQA, TWN MEGISTWN "HDONWN KAI PAIDIWN 'EPETAXEN
'APECESQAI KAI MH GEUESQAI, TO DE TWN LUPWN KAI
FOBWN, "OPER 'ARTI DIELHLUQAMEN, "HGHSATO 'EI TI$ 'EK PAIDWN
<P 635C>
FEUXEITAI DIA= TELOU$, "OPOTAN 'EI$ 'ANAGKAIOU$ 'ELQHI6 PONOU$
KAI FOBOU$ KAI LUPA$, FEUXEISQAI TOU$ 'EN 'EKEINOI$ GEGUMNASMENOU$
KAI DOULEUSEIN 'AUTOI$. 'TAUTON DH TOUT', 'OIMAI,
KAI PRO$ TA$ "HDONA$ 'EDEI DIANOEISQAI TON 'AUTON NOMOQETHN,
LEGONTA 'AUTON PRO$ "EAUTON "W$ "HMIN 'EK NEWN 'EI 'APEIROI TWN
MEGISTWN "HDONWN "OI POLITAI GENHSONTAI, KAI 'AMELETHTOI
GIGNOMENOI 'EN TAI$ "HDONAI$ KARTEREIN KAI MHDEN TWN 'AISCRWN
'ANAGKAZESQAI POIEIN, "ENEKA TH$ GLUKUQUMIA$ TH$ PRO$ TA$
<P 635D>
"HDONA$ 'TAUTON PEISONTAI TOI$ "HTTWMENOI$ TWN FOBWN; DOULEUSOUSI2
TROPON "ETERON KAI 'ET' 'AISCIW TOI$ GE DUNAMENOI$
KARTEREIN 'EN TAI$ "HDONAI$ KAI TOI$ KEKTHMENOI$ TA PERI= TA$
"HDONA$, 'ANQRWPOI$ 'ENIOTE PANTAPASI KAKOI$, KAI THN YUCHN
THI MEN DOULHN THI DE 'ELEUQERAN "EXOUSIN2, KAI 'OUK 'AXIOI "APLW$
'ANDREIOI KAI 'ELEUQERIOI 'ESONTAI PROSAGOREUESQAI. SKOPEITE3
'OUN 'EI TI TWN NU*N LEGOMENWN "UMIN KATA TROPON DOKEI0
LEGESQAI.
<P 635E>
KL ^ DOKEI0 MEN "HMIN GE PW$ LEGOMENOU TOU* LOGOU; PERI=
DE THLIKOUTWN 'EUQU$ PEPISTEUKENAI "RA\DIW$ MH NEWN TE 'HI
MALLON KAI 'ANOHTWN.
AQ ^ 'ALL' 'EI TO META TAUTA DIEXIOIMEN "WN PROUQEMEQA,
'W* KLEINIA TE-KAI LAKEDAIMONIE XENE % MET' 'ANDREIAN GAR-DH
SWFROSUNH$ PE=RI LEGWMEN % TI DIAFERON 'EN TAUTAI$ TAI$
POLITEIAI$ 'H= TAI$ TWN 'EIKHI POLITEUOMENWN 'ANEURHSOMEN,


<P 636A>
"WSPER TA PERI= TON POLEMON NUNDH:
ME ^ SCEDON 'OU "RA\DION; 'ALL' 'EOIKEN0 GAR TA TE SUSSITIA
KAI TA GUMNASIA KALW$ "HURHSQAI PRO$ 'AMFOTERA$.
AQ ^ 'EOIKEN0 DHTA, 'W* XENOI, CALEPON 'EINAI TO PERI= TA$
POLITEIA$ 'ANAMFISBHTHTW$ "OMOIW$ 'ERGWI KAI LOGWI GIGNESQAI;
KINDUNEUEI0 GAR, KAQAPER 'EN TOI$ SWMASIN, 'OU DUNATON 'EINAI
PROSTAXAI0 TI PRO$ "EN SWMA "EN 'EPITHDEUMA, 'EN "WI 'OUK 'AN4
FANEIH 'TAUTON TOUTO TA MEN BLAPTON TA "HMWN SWMATA,
<P 636B>
TA DE-KAI 'WFELOUN. 'EPEI KAI TA GUMNASIA TAUTA KAI TA
SUSSITIA POLLA MEN 'A=LLA NU*N 'WFELEI0 TA$ POLEI$, PRO$ DE
TA$ STASEI$ CALEPA % DHLOUSIN0 DE MILHSIWN KAI BOIWTWN
KAI QOURIWN PAIDE$ % KAI-DH-KAI PALAION NOMON DOKEI0 TOUTO
TO 'EPITHDEUMA KAI KATA FUSIN, TA$ PERI= TA 'AFRODISIA
"HDONA$ 'OU MONON 'ANQRWPWN 'ALLA=-KAI QHRIWN, DIEFQARKENAI.
KAI TOUTWN TA$ "UMETERA$ POLEI$ PRWTA$ 'AN4 TI$ 'AITIWITO KAI
<P 636C>
"OSAI TWN 'ALLWN MALISTA "APTONTAI TWN GUMNASIWN; KAI 'EI=TE
PAIZONTA 'EI=TE SPOUDAZONTA 'ENNOEIN DEI TA TOIAUTA, 'ENNOHTEON
"OTI4 THI QHLEIA\ KAI THI TWN 'ARRENWN FUSEI 'EI$ KOINWNIAN 'IOUSHI
TH$ GENNHSEW$ "H PERI= TAUTA "HDONH KATA FUSIN 'APODEDOSQAI
DOKEI0, 'ARRENWN DE PRO$ 'ARRENA$ 'H= QHLEIWN PRO$ QHLEIA$
PARA FUSIN KAI TWN PRWTWN TO TOLMHM' 'EINAI DI' 'AKRATEIAN
"HDONH$. PANTE$ DE-DH KRHTWN TON PERI= GANUMHDH MUQON
<P 636D>
KATHGOROUMEN "W$ LOGOPOIHSANTWN0 TOUTWN; 'EPEIDH PARA DIO$
'AUTOI$ "OI NOMOI PEPISTEUMENOI-'HSAN GEGONENAI, TOUTON TON
MUQON PROSTEQHKENAI KATA TOU* DIO$, "INA "EPOMENOI DH TW*I
QEWI KARPWNTAI KAI TAUTHN THN "HDONHN. TO MEN-'OUN TOU*
MUQOU CAIRETW, NOMWN DE PE=RI DIASKOPOUMENWN 'ANQRWPWN
'OLIGOU PASA 'ESTIN "H SKEYI$ PERI= TE TA$ "HDONA$ KAI TA$
LUPA$ 'EN TE POLESIN KAI 'EN 'IDIOI$ 'HQESIN; DUO GAR "AUTAI
PHGAI MEQEINTAI FUSEI "REIN, "WN "O MEN 'ARUTOMENO$ "OQEN TE
<P 636E>
DEI KAI "OPOTE KAI "OPOSON 'EUDAIMONEI0, KAI POLI$ "OMOIW$ KAI
'IDIWTH$ KAI ZWION "APAN, "O D' 'ANEPISTHMONW$ "AMA KAI 'EKTO$
TWN KAIRWN 'TANANTIA 'AN4 'EKEINWI ZWIH.
ME ^ LEGETAI MEN TAUTA, 'W* XENE, KALW$ PW$; 'OU-MHN-'ALL'
'AFASIA G' "HMA$ LAMBANEI0 TI= POTE CRH LEGEIN PRO$
TAUTA, "OMW$ D' 'EMOIGE 'ORQW$ DOKEI0 TO TA$ "HDONA$ FEUGEIN
DIAKELEUESQAI TON GE 'EN LAKEDAIMONI NOMOQETHN, PERI= DE
TWN 'EN KNWSWI NOMWN "ODE, 'AN2 'EQELHI5, BOHQHSEI2. TA D' 'EN


<P 637A>
SPARTHI KALLIST' 'ANQRWPWN DOKEI0 MOI KEISQAI TA PERI= TA$
"HDONA$; "OU2 GAR MALIST' 'ANQRWPOI KAI MEGISTAI$ PROSPIPTOUSIN0
"HDONAI$ KAI "UBRESI KAI 'ANOIA\ PASHI, TOUT' 'EXEBALEN
"O NOMO$ "HMWN 'EK TH$ CWRA$ SUMPASH$, KAI-'OUT' 'AN4 'EP'
'AGRWN 'IDOI$, 'OUT' 'EN 'ASTESIN "OSWN SPARTIATAI$ MELEI0, SUMPOSIA
'OUD' "OPOSA TOUTOI$ SUNEPOMENA PASA$ "HDONA$ KINEI0
KATA DUNAMIN, 'OUD' 'ESTIN "OSTI$ 'AN4 'APANTWN KWMAZONTI TINI
<P 637B>
META MEQH$ 'OUK 'AN4 THN MEGISTHN DIKHN 'EUQU$ 'EPIQEIH, KAI-'OUD'
'AN4 DIONUSIA PROFASIN 'ECONT' 'AUTON LUSAITO, "WSPER 'EN
"AMAXAI$ 'EIDON POTE PAR' "UMIN 'EGW, KAI 'EN TARANTI DE
PARA TOI$ "HMETEROI$ 'APOIKOI$ PASAN 'EQEASAMHN THN POLIN
PERI= TA DIONUSIA MEQUOUSAN; PAR' "HMIN D' 'OUK 'EST' 'OUDEN
TOIOUTON.
AQ ^ 'W* LAKEDAIMONIE XENE, 'EPAINETA MEN PANT' 'ESTIN TA
TOIAUTA, "OPOU TINE$ 'ENEISIN KARTERHSEI$, "OPOU DE 'ANEINTAI,
<P 637C>
BLAKIKW=TERA; TACU GAR SOU4 LABOIT' 'AN4 TI$ TWN PAR' "HMWN
'AMUNOMENO$, DEIKNU$ THN TWN GUNAIKWN PAR' "UMIN 'ANESIN.
"APASIN DH TOI$ TOIOUTOI$, KAI 'EN TARANTI KAI PAR' "HMIN KAI
PAR' "UMIN DE, MIA 'APOKRISI$ 'APOLUESQAI DOKEI0 TOU* MH KAKW$
'ECEIN 'ALL' 'ORQW$; PA$ GAR 'APOKRINOMENO$ 'EREI2 QAUMAZONTI
XENWI, THN PAR' 'AUTOI$ 'AHQEIAN "ORWNTI, MH QAUMAZE, 'W* XENE;
NOMO$ 'ESQ' "HMIN "OUTO$, 'ISW$ D' "UMIN PERI= 'AUTWN TOUTWN
<P 637D>
"ETERO$. "HMIN D' 'ESTI NU*N, 'W* FILOI 'ANDRE$, 'OU PERI= TWN
'ANQRWPWN TWN 'ALLWN "O LOGO$, 'ALLA= PERI= TWN NOMOQETWN
'AUTWN KAKIA$ TE-KAI 'ARETH$. 'ETI GAR-'OUN 'EIPWMEN PLEIW
PERI= "APASH$ MEQH$; 'OU-GAR SMIKRON 'ESTIN TO 'EPITHDEUMA
'OUDE FAULOU DIAGNWNAI0 NOMOQETOU. LEGW0 D' 'OUK 'OINOU PERI=
POSEW$ TO PARAPAN 'H= MH, MEQH$ DE 'AUTH$ PE=RI, POTERON
"WSPER SKUQAI CRWNTAI0 KAI PERSAI CRHSTEON, KAI 'ETI
KARCHDONIOI KAI KELTOI KAI 'IBHRE$ KAI QRA*IKE$, POLEMIKA
<P 637E>
SUMPANTA 'ONTA TAUTA GENH, 'H= KAQAPER "UMEI$; "UMEI$ MEN-GAR,
"OPER LEGEI$, TO PARAPAN 'APECESQE0, SKUQAI DE-KAI QRA*IKE$
'AKRATWI PANTAPASI CRWMENOI, GUNAIKE$ TE-KAI 'AUTOI, KAI KATA
TWN "IMATIWN KATACEOMENOI, KALON KAI 'EUDAIMON 'EPITHDEUMA
'EPITHDEUEIN NENOMIKASI. PERSAI DE SFO=DRA MEN CRWNTAI0
KAI TAI$ 'ALLAI$ TRUFAI$ "A$ "UMEI$ 'APOBALLETE0, 'EN TAXEI DE
MALLON TOUTWN.


<P 638A>
ME ^ 'W* LWISTE, DIWKOMEN DE-GE "HMEI$ PANTA$ TOUTOU$,
"OTAN "OPLA 'EI$ TA$ CEIRA$ LABWMEN.
AQ ^ 'W* 'ARISTE, MH LEGE TAUTA; POLLAI GAR-DH FUGAI
KAI DIWXEI$ 'ATEKMARTOI GEGONASIN TE-KAI 'ESONTAI, DIO FANERON
"ORON TOUTON 'OUK 'AN4 POTE LEGOIMEN, 'ALLA= 'AMFISBHTHSIMON,
PERI= KALWN 'EPITHDEUMATWN KAI MH, NIKHN TE-KAI "HTTAN
LEGONTE$ MACH$. 'EPEIDH GAR "AI MEIZOU$ TA$ 'ELATTOU$ POLEI$
<P 638B>
NIKWSIN0 MACOMENAI KAI KATADOULOUNTAI, SURAKOSIOI MEN
LOKROU$, "OI=4 DH DOKOUSIN0 'EUNOMWTATOI TWN PERI= 'EKEINON TON
TOPON GEGONENAI, KEIOU$ DE 'AQHNAIOI; MURIA DE 'A=LLA TOIAUT'
'AN4 "EUROIMEN. 'ALLA= PERI= 'AUTOU4 "EKASTOU 'EPITHDEUMATO$ PEIRWMEQA2
LEGONTE$ PEIQEIN "HMA$-'AUTOU$, NIKA$ DE-KAI "HTTA$
'EKTO$ LOGOU TA NU*N QWMEN, LEGWMEN D' "W$ TO MEN TOIOND'
'ESTIN KALON, TO DE TOIONDE 'OU KALON. PRWTON D' 'AKOUSATE
TI MOU, PERI= 'AUTWN TOUTWN "W$ DEI TO TE CRHSTON KAI TO MH
SKOPEIN.
<P 638C>
ME ^ PW*$ 'OUN-DH LEGEI$:
AQ ^ DOKOUSI0 MOI PANTE$ "OI LOGWI TI LABONTE$ 'EPITHDEUMA,
KAI PROQEMENOI YEGEIN 'AUTO 'H= 'EPAINEIN 'EUQU$ "RHQEN,
'OUDAMW$ DRAN KATA TROPON, 'ALLA= 'TAUTON POIEIN "OION 'EI DH
TI$, 'EPAINESANTO$ TINO$ PUROU$ BRWMA "W$ 'AGAQON, 'EUQU$
YEGOI, MH DIAPUQOMENO$ 'AUTOU4 MHTE THN 'ERGASIAN MHTE THN
PROSFORAN, "ONTINA TROPON KAI "OISTISI KAI MEQ' "WN KAI "OPW$
'ECONTA KAI "OPW$ PROSFEREIN 'ECOUSIN4. NU*N DH 'TAUTON MOI
<P 638D>
DOKOUMEN "HMEI$ 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$ POIEIN; PERI= MEQH$ GAR 'AKOUSANTE$
TOSOUTON MONON, 'EUQU$ "OI MEN YEGEIN 'AUTO, "OI D'
'EPAINEIN, KAI MALA 'ATOPW$. MARTUSIN GAR-KAI 'EPAINETAI$
CRWMENOI 'EPAINOUMEN "EKATEROI, KAI "OI MEN, "OTI4 POLLOU$
PARECOMEQA, 'AXIOUMEN TI LEGEIN KURION, "OI DE, "OTI4 TOU$ MH
CRWMENOU$ 'AUTWI "ORWMEN0 NIKWNTA$ MACOMENOU$; 'AMFISBHTEITAI
D' 'AU KAI TOUTO "HMIN. 'EI MEN-DH-KAI PERI= "EKASTWN
<P 638E>
"OUTW KAI TWN 'ALLWN NOMIMWN DIEXIMEN0, 'OUK 'AN4 'EMOIGE KATA
NOUN 'EIH, TROPON DE 'ALLON, "ON 'EMOI4 FAINETAI DEIN, 'EQELW0
LEGEIN PERI= 'AUTOU4 TOUTOU, TH$ MEQH$, PEIRWMENO$ 'AN2 'A=RA
DUNWMAI THN PERI= "APANTWN TWN TOIOUTWN 'ORQHN MEQODON
"HMIN DHLOUN0, 'EPEIDH KAI MURIA 'EPI MURIOI$ 'EQNH PERI= 'AUTWN
'AMFISBHTOUNTA "UMIN POLESI DUOIN TW*I LOGWI DIAMACOIT' 'AN4.
ME ^ KAI-MHN 'EI TINA 'ECOMEN 'ORQHN SKEYIN TWN TOIOUTWN,


<P 639A>
'OUK 'APOKNHTEON 'AKOUEIN.
AQ ^ SKEYWMEQA DH PHI THIDE. FERE, 'EI TI$ 'AIGWN TROFHN,
KAI TO ZWION 'AUTO KTHMA "W$ 'ESTIN KALON, 'EPAINOI, 'ALLO$ DE
TI$ "EWRAKW$ 'AIGA$ CWRI$ NEMOMENA$ 'AIPOLOU 'EN 'ERGASIMOI$
CWRIOI$ DRWSA$ KAKA DIAYEGOI, KAI PAN QREMMA 'ANARCON 'H=
META KAKWN 'ARCONTWN0 'IDWN "OUTW MEMFOITO, TON TOU* TOIOUTOU
YOGON "HGOUMEQA "UGIE$ 'AN4 POTE YEXAI0 KAI "OTIOUN:
ME ^ KAI PW*$:
AQ ^ CRHSTO$ DE 'ARCWN 'ESQ' "HMIN 'EN PLOIOI$ POTERON 'EA=N
<P 639B>
THN NAUTIKHN 'ECHI5 'EPISTHMHN MONON, 'ANT'-'OUN NAUTIA*I2 'ANTE MH, 'H=
PW*$ 'AN4 LEGOIMEN:
ME ^ 'OUDAMW$, 'AN2 GE PRO$ THI TECNHI 'ECHI5 KAI TOUTO TO
PAQO$ "O= LEGEI$.
AQ ^ TI= D' 'ARCWN STRATOPEDWN: 'A*R' 'EA=N THN POLEMIKHN
'ECHI5 'EPISTHMHN, "IKANO$ 'ARCEIN, 'KAN2 DEILO$ 'WN 'EN TOI$ DEINOI$
"UPO MEQH$ TOU* FOBOU NAUTIA*I2:
ME ^ KAI PW*$:
AQ ^ 'AN2 DE 'AU MHTE 'ECHI5 THN TECNHN DEILO$ TE 'HI:
ME ^ PANTAPASIN TINA PONHRON LEGEI$, KAI 'OUDAMW$
'ANDRWN 'ARCONTA 'ALLA= TINWN SFO=DRA GUNAIKWN.
<P 639C>
AQ ^ TI= D' 'EPAINETHN 'H= YEKTHN KOINWNIA$ "HSTINOSOUN "HI
PEFUKEN0 TE 'ARCWN 'EINAI MET' 'EKEINOU TE 'WFELIMO$ 'ESTIN,
"O DE-MHTE "EWRAKW$-'EIH POT' 'ORQW$ 'AUTHN "AUTHI KOINWNOUSAN
MET' 'ARCONTO$, 'AEI DE 'ANARCON 'H= META KAKWN 'ARCONTWN0
SUNOUSAN: 'OIOMEQA DH POTE TOU$ TOIOUTOU$ QEWROU$ TWN
TOIOUTWN KOINWNIWN CRHSTON TI YEXEIN 'H= 'EPAINESESQAI:
ME ^ PW*$ D' 'AN4, MHDEPOTE GE 'IDONTA$ MHDE SUGGENOMENOU$
<P 639D>
'ORQW$ GENOMENWI MHDENI TWN TOIOUTWN KOINWNHMATWN:
AQ ^ 'ECE DH; TWN POLLWN KOINWNIWN SUMPOTA$ KAI
SUMPOSIA QEIMEN 'AN4 MIAN TINA SUNOUSIAN 'EINAI:
ME ^ KAI SFO=DRA GE.
AQ ^ TAUTHN 'OUN-MWN 'ORQW$ GIGNOMENHN 'HDH TI$ PWPOTE
'EQEASATO: KAI SFWIN MEN 'APOKRINASQAI "RA\DION "W$ 'OUDEPWPOTE
TO PARAPAN % 'OU-GAR 'EPICWRION "UMIN TOUTO 'OUDE
NOMIMON % 'EGW DE 'ENTETUCHKA TE POLLAI$ KAI POLLACOU, KAI
PROSETI PASA$ "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN DIHRWTHKA, KAI SCEDON "OLHN
<P 639E>
MEN 'OUDEMIAN 'ORQW$ GIGNOMENHN "EWRAKA 'OUDE 'AKHKOA, MORIA D'
'EI POU SMIKRA KAI 'OLIGA, TA POLLA DE SUMPANQ' "W$ 'EIPEIN
DIHMARTHMENA.
KL ^ PW*$ DH TAUTA, 'W* XENE, LEGEI$: 'EIPE= 'ETI SAFESTERON;
"HMEI$ MEN-GAR, "OPER 'EIPE$, 'APEIRIA\ TWN TOIOUTWN, 'OUDE 'ENTUGCANONTE$


<P 640A>
'AN4 'ISW$ 'EUQU$ GE GNOIMEN TO TE 'ORQON KAI MH
GIGNOMENON 'EN 'AUTOI$.
AQ ^ 'EIKO$ LEGEI$; 'ALL' 'EMOU4 FRAZONTO$ PEIRW5 MANQANEIN.
TO MEN-GAR 'EN PASAI$ TE SUNODOI$, KAI KOINWNIAI$ PRAXEWN
"WNTINWNOUN, "W$ 'ORQON PANTACOU "EKASTOI$ 'ARCONTA 'EINAI,
MANQANEI$:
KL ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ ^ KAI-MHN 'ELEGOMEN NUNDH MACOMENWN "W$ 'ANDREION DEI
TON 'ARCONT' 'EINAI.
KL ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
AQ ^ "O MHN 'ANDREIO$ TWN DEILWN "UPO FOBWN "HTTON
TEQORUBHTAI.
<P 640B>
KL ^ KAI TOUTO "OUTW$.
AQ ^ 'EI D' 'H*N TI$ MHCANH MHDEN TO PARAPAN DEDIOTA MHDE
QORUBOUMENON 'EPISTHSAI0 STRATOPEDWI STRATHGON, 'A*R' 'OU TOUT'
'AN4 PANTI TROPWI 'EPRATTOMEN:
KL ^ SFO=DRA MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ NU*N DE-GE 'OU STRATOPEDOU PERI= LEGOMEN 'ARXONTO$
'EN 'ANDRWN "OMILIAI$ 'ECQRWN 'ECQROI$ META POLEMOU, FILWN D'
'EN 'EIRHNHI PRO$ FILOU$ KOINWNHSONTWN FILOFROSUNH$.
KL ^ 'ORQW$.
<P 640C>
AQ ^ 'ESTIN DE-GE "H TOIAUTH SUNOUSIA, 'EIPER 'ESTAI META
MEQH$, 'OUK 'AQORUBO$. 'H*-GAR:
KL ^ PW*$ GAR: 'ALL' 'OIMAI PAN 'TOUNANTION.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N PRWTON MEN-KAI TOUTOI$ 'ARCONTO$ DEI0:
KL ^ TI= MHN: "W$ 'OUDENI GE PRAGMATI.
AQ ^ POTERON 'OUN 'AQORUBON, 'EI DUNATON 'EIH, TON TOIOUTON
'ARCONTA 'EKPORIZESQAI DEI:
KL ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ ^ KAI-MHN PERI= GE SUNOUSIA$, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'AUTON FRONIMON
'EINAI DEI; GIGNETAI GAR FULAX TH$ TE "UPARCOUSH$
<P 640D>
FILIA$ 'AUTOI$, KAI 'ETI PLEIONO$ 'EPIMELHTH$ "OPW$ 'ESTAI DIA=
THN TO=TE SUNOUSIAN.
KL ^ 'ALHQESTATA.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N NHFONTA TE-KAI SOFON 'ARCONTA MEQUONTWN0
DEI KAQISTANAI, KAI MH 'TOUNANTION: MEQUONTWN0 GAR MEQUWN
KAI NEO$ 'ARCWN MH SOFO$, 'EI MH KAKON 'APERGASAITO TI MEGA,
POLLHI CRWIT' 'AN4 'AGAQHI TUCHI.
KL ^ PAMPOLLHI MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EI MEN GIGNOMENWN "W$ DUNATON 'ORQOTATA
TOUTWN 'EN TAI$ POLESI TWN SUNOUSIWN MEMFOITO TI$, 'EPIKALWN0
<P 640E>
'AUTWI TW*I PRAGMATI, TAC' 'AN4 'ORQW$ 'ISW$ MEMFOITO; 'EI
DE "AMARTANOMENON "W$ "OION-TE MALISTA 'EPITHDEUMA TI$ "ORWN
LOIDOREI0, PRWTON MEN DHLON "W$ 'AGNOEI0 TOUT' 'AUTO GIGNOMENON
'OUK 'ORQW$, 'EI*Q' "OTI4 PAN TOUTWI TW*I TROPWI FANEITAI PONHRON,
DESPOTOU TE-KAI 'ARCONTO$ NHFONTO$ CWRI$ PRATTOMENON. 'H= 'OU
SUNNOEI$ TOUQ', "OTI4 MEQUWN KUBERNHTH$ KAI PA$ PANTO$ 'ARCWN


<P 641A>
'ANATREPEI0 PANTA 'EI=TE PLOIA 'EI=TE "ARMATA 'EI=TE STRATOPEDON,
'EI=Q' "OTI2 POT' 'EIH TO KUBERNWMENON "UP' 'AUTOU4:
KL ^ PANTAPASIN TOUTO GE 'ALHQE$ 'EIRHKA$, 'W* XENE; 'TOUPI
TWIDE D' "HMIN LEGE, TI= POTE, 'AN2 GIGNHTAI TOUTO 'ORQON TO
PERI= TA$ POSEI$ NOMIMON, 'AGAQON 'AN4 DRASEIEN "HMA$: "OION, "O=
NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN, 'EI STRATEUMA 'ORQH$ "HGEMONIA$ TUGCANOI, NIKH
POLEMOU TOI$ "EPOMENOI$ 'AN4 GIGNOITO, 'OU SMIKRON 'AGAQON, KAI
<P 641B>
'TALL' "OUTW; SUMPOSIOU DE 'ORQW$ PAIDAGWGHQENTO$ TI= MEGA
'IDIWTAI$ 'H= THI POLEI GIGNOIT' 'AN4:
AQ ^ TI= DE: PAIDO$ "ENO$ 'H=-KAI COROU PAIDAGWGHQENTO$
KATA TROPON "ENO$, TI= MEGA THI POLEI FAIMEN 'AN4 GIGNESQAI: 'H=
TOUTO "OUTW$ 'ERWTHQENTE$ 'EIPOIMEN 'AN4 "W$ "ENO$ MEN BRACU TI
THI POLEI GIGNOIT' 'AN4 'OFELO$, 'EI D' "OLW$ 'ERWTA*I$0 PAIDEIAN TWN
PAIDEUQENTWN5 TI= MEGA THN POLIN 'ONINHSIN, 'OU CALEPON 'EIPEIN
"OTI4 PAIDEUQENTE$ MEN 'EU GIGNOINT' 'AN4 'ANDRE$ 'AGAQOI, GENOMENOI
<P 641C>
DE TOIOUTOI TA TE 'A=LLA PRATTOIEN KALW$, 'ETI DE 'KAN4
NIKWIEN TOU$ POLEMIOU$ MACOMENOI. PAIDEIA MEN-'OUN FEREI0
KAI NIKHN, NIKH D' 'ENIOTE 'APAIDEUSIAN; POLLOI GAR "UBRISTOTEROI
DIA= POLEMWN NIKA$ GENOMENOI MURIWN 'ALLWN KAKWN DI'
"UBRIN 'ENEPLHSQHSAN, KAI PAIDEIA MEN 'OUDEPWPOTE GEGONEN0
KADMEI=A, NIKAI DE 'ANQRWPOI$ POLLAI DH TOIAUTAI GEGONASIN
TE-KAI 'ESONTAI.
KL ^ DOKEI$ "HMIN, 'W* FILE, THN 'EN TOI$ 'OINOI$ KOINHN
<P 641D>
DIATRIBHN "W$ 'EI$ PAIDEIA$ MEGALHN MOIRAN TEINOUSAN LEGEIN,
'AN2 'ORQW$ GIGNHTAI.
AQ ^ TI= MHN:
KL ^ 'ECOI$ 'AN4 'OUN TO META TOUT' 'EIPEIN "W$ 'ESTIN TO NU*N
'EIRHMENON 'ALHQE$:
AQ ^ TO MEN 'ALHQE$, 'W* XENE, DIISCURIZESQAI TAUTA "OUTW$
'ECEIN, POLLWN 'AMFISBHTOUNTWN0, QEOU; 'EI D' "OPHI 'EMOI4 FAINETAI
DEI LEGEIN, 'OUDEI$ FQONO$, 'EPEIPER "WRMHKAMEN GE TOU$ LOGOU$
PERI= NOMWN KAI POLITEIA$ POIEISQAI TA NU*N.
KL ^ TOUT' 'AUTO DH PEIRWMEQA20, TO SOI4 DOKOUN PERI= TWN
<P 641E>
NU*N 'AMFISBHTOUMENWN KATAMAQEIN.
AQ ^ 'ALLA= CRH POIEIN "OUTW$, "UMA$ TE 'EPI TO MAQEIN KAI
'EME 'EPI TO DHLWSAI0 PEIRWMENON "AMW$ GE PW$, SUNTEINAI0,
TON LOGON. PRWTON DE MOU 'AKOUSATE TO TOIONDE. THN POLIN
"APANTE$ "HMWN "ELLHNE$ "UPOLAMBANOUSIN0 "W$ FILOLOGO$ TE 'ESTI
KAI POLULOGO$, LAKEDAIMONA DE-KAI KRHTHN, THN MEN BRACULOGON,
THN DE POLUNOIAN MALLON 'H= POLULOGIAN 'ASKOUSAN;


<P 642A>
SKOPW0 DH MH DOXAN "UMIN PARASCWMAI PERI= SMIKROU POLLA
LEGEIN, MEQH$ PE=RI, SMIKROU PRAGMATO$, PAMMHKH LOGON 'ANAKAQAIROMENO$.
TO DE "H KATA FUSIN 'AUTOU4 DIORQWSI$ 'OUK 'AN4
DUNAITO 'ANEU MOUSIKH$ 'ORQOTHTO$ POTE SAFE$ 'OUDE "IKANON
'EN TOI$ LOGOI$ 'APOLABEIN, MOUSIKH DE 'ANEU PAIDEIA$ TH$
PASH$ 'OUK 'AN4 'AU POTE DUNAITO; TAUTA DE PAMPOLLWN 'ESTIN
LOGWN. "ORATE3 'OUN TI= POIWMEN 'EI TAUTA MEN 'EASAIMEN 'EN TW*I
<P 642B>
PARONTI, METEKBAIMEN D' 'EI$ "ETERON TINA NOMWN PE=RI LOGON.
ME ^ 'W* XENE 'AQHNAIE, 'OUK 'OISQ' 'ISW$ "OTI4 TUGCANEI0
"HMWN "H "ESTIA TH$ POLEW$ 'OUSA "UMWN PROXENO$. 'ISW$ MEN-'OUN-KAI
PASIN TOI$ PAISIN, 'EPEIDAN 'AKOUSWSIN "OTI4 TINO$
'EISIN POLEW$ PROXENOI, TAUTHI TI$ 'EUNOIA 'EK NEWN 'EUQU$
'ENDUETAI "EKASTON "HMWN TWN PROXENWN THI POLEI, "W$ DEUTERA\
'OUSHI PATRIDI META THN "AUTOU POLIN; KAI-DH-KAI 'EMOI4 NU*N
'TAUTON TOUTO 'EGGEGONEN0. 'AKOUWN GAR TWN PAIDWN 'EUQU$,
<P 642C>
'EI TI MEMFOINTO 'H=-KAI 'EPAINOIEN LAKEDAIMONIOI 'AQHNAIOU$,
"W$ "H POLI$ "UMWN, 'W* MEGILLE, 'EFASAN, "HMA$ 'OU KALW$
'H= KALW$ 'ERREXE % TAUTA DH 'AKOUWN, KAI MACOMENO$ PRO$
'AUTA "UPER "UMWN 'AEI PRO$ TOU$ THN POLIN 'EI$ YOGON 'AGONTA$,
PASAN 'EUNOIAN 'ESCON, KAI MOI NU*N "H TE FWNH PROSFILH$
"UMWN, TO TE "UPO POLLWN LEGOMENON, "W$ "OSOI 'AQHNAIWN
'EISIN 'AGAQOI DIAFERONTW$ 'EISIN TOIOUTOI, DOKEI0 'ALHQESTATA
LEGESQAI; MONOI GAR 'ANEU 'ANAGKH$ 'AUTOFUW$, QEIA\ MOIRA\
<P 642D>
'ALHQW$ KAI 'OUTI PLASTW$ 'EISIN 'AGAQOI. QARRWN DH 'EMOU4 GE
"ENEKA LEGOI$ 'AN4 TOSAUTA "OPOSA SOI4 FILON.
KL ^ KAI-MHN, 'W* XENE, KAI TON PAR' 'EMOU4 LOGON 'AKOUSA$
TE-KAI 'APODEXAMENO$, QARRWN "OPOSA BOULEI LEGE. THIDE GAR
'ISW$ 'AKHKOA$ "W$ 'EPIMENIDH$ GEGONEN0 'ANHR QEIO$, "O$4 'H*N "HMIN
'OIKEIO$, 'ELQWN DE PRO TWN PERSIKWN DEKA 'ETESIN PROTERON
PAR' "UMA$ KATA THN TOU* QEOU MANTEIAN, QUSIA$ TE 'EQUSATO
<P 642E>
TINA$ "A$ "O QEO$ 'ANEILEN, KAI-DH-KAI FOBOUMENWN TON PERSIKON
'AQHNAIWN STOLON, 'EI*PEN "OTI4 DEKA MEN 'ETWN 'OUC "HXOUSIN2, "OTAN
DE 'ELQWSIN, 'APALLAGHSONTAI PRAXANTE$ 'OUDEN "WN 'HLPIZON,
PAQONTE$ TE 'H= DRASANTE$ PLEIW KAKA. TO=T' 'OUN 'EXENWQHSAN
"UMIN "OI PROGONOI "HMWN, KAI 'EUNOIAN 'EK TOSOU 'EGWGE "UMIN KAI


<P 643A>
"OI "HMETEROI 'ECOUSIN0 GONH$.
AQ ^ TA MEN-TOINUN "UME=TERA 'AKOUEIN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "ETOIM' 'AN4
'EIH; TA D' 'EMA BOULESQAI MEN "ETOIMA, DUNASQAI DE 'OU PANU
"RA&DIA, "OMW$ DE PEIRATEON. PRWTON DH-'OUN PRO$ TON LOGON
"ORISWMEQA PAIDEIAN TI= POT' 'ESTIN KAI TI=NA DUNAMIN 'ECEI0;
DIA= GAR TAUTH$ FAMEN 'ITEON 'EINAI TON PROKECEIRISMENON 'EN TW*I
NU*N LOGON "UF' "HMWN, MECRIPER 'AN4 PRO$ TON QEON 'AFIKHTAI.
KL ^ PANU MEN-'OUN DRWMEN2 TAUTA, 'EIPER SOI4 GE "HDU.
<P 643B>
AQ ^ LEGONTO$ TOINUN 'EMOU4 TI= POTE CRH FANAI PAIDEIAN
'EINAI, SKEYASQE 'AN2 'ARESKHI5 TO LECQEN.
KL ^ LEGOI$ 'AN4.
AQ ^ LEGW0 DH, KAI FHMI TON "OTIOUN 'AGAQON 'ANDRA MELLONTA
'ESESQAI TOUTO 'AUTO 'EK PAIDWN 'EUQU$ MELETAN DEIN,
PAIZONTA TE-KAI SPOUDAZONTA 'EN TOI$ TOU* PRAGMATO$ "EKASTOI$
PROSHKOUSIN4. "OION TON MELLONTA 'AGAQON 'ESESQAI GEWRGON
'H= TINA 'OIKODOMON, TON MEN 'OIKODOMOUNTA TI TWN PAIDEIWN
<P 643C>
'OIKODOMHMATWN PAIZEIN CRH, TON D' 'AU GEWRGOUNTA, KAI 'ORGANA
"EKATERWI SMIKRA, TWN 'ALHQINWN MIMHMATA, PARASKEUAZEIN TON
TREFONTA 'AUTWN "EKATERON, KAI-DH-KAI TWN MAQHMATWN "OSA
'ANAGKAI*A PROMEMAQHKENAI PROMANQANEIN, "OION TEKTONA METREIN
'H= STAQMASQAI KAI POLEMIKON "IPPEUEIN PAIZONTA 'H= TI TWN
TOIOUTWN 'ALLO POIOUNTA, KAI PEIRASQAI DIA= TWN PAIDIWN
'EKEISE TREPEIN TA$ "HDONA$ KAI 'EPIQUMIA$ TWN PAIDWN, "OI*4
'AFIKOMENOU$ 'AUTOU$ DEI TELO$ 'ECEIN. KEFALAION DH PAIDEIA$
<P 643D>
LEGOMEN THN 'ORQHN TROFHN, "H=4 TOU* PAIZONTO$ THN YUCHN 'EI$
'ERWTA MALISTA 'AXEI2 TOUTOU "O= DEHSEI2 GENOMENON 'ANDR' 'AUTON
TELEION 'EINAI TH$ TOU* PRAGMATO$ 'ARETH$; "ORATE3 'OUN 'EI MECRI
TOUTOU GE, "OPER 'EIPON, "UMIN 'ARESKEI0 TO LECQEN.
KL ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ ^ MH-TOINUN-MHD' "O= LEGOMEN 'EINAI PAIDEIAN 'AORISTON
GENHTAI. NU*N GAR 'ONEIDIZONTE$ 'EPAINOUNTE$ Q' "EKASTWN TA$
TROFA$, LEGOMEN "W$ TON MEN PEPAIDEUMENON "HMWN 'ONTA TINA,
<P 643E>
TON DE 'APAIDEUTON 'ENIOTE 'EI$ TE KAPHLEIA$ KAI NAUKLHRIA$
KAI 'ALLWN TOIOUTWN MALA PEPAIDEUMENWN SFO=DRA 'ANQRWPWN;
'OU-GAR TAUTA "HGOUMENWN, "W$ 'EOIK'0, 'EINAI PAIDEIAN "O NU*N LOGO$
'AN4 'EIH, THN DE PRO$ 'ARETHN 'EK PAIDWN PAIDEIAN, POIOUSAN
'EPIQUMHTHN TE-KAI 'ERASTHN TOU* POLITHN GENESQAI TELEON,
'ARCEIN TE-KAI 'ARCESQAI 'EPISTAMENON META DIKH$. TAUTHN


<P 644A>
THN TROFHN 'AFORISAMENO$ "O LOGO$ "OUTO$, "W$ 'EMOI4 FAINETAI,
NU*N BOULOIT' 'AN4 MONHN PAIDEIAN PROSAGOREUEIN, THN DE 'EI$
CRHMATA TEINOUSAN 'H= TINA PRO$ 'ISCUN, 'H=-KAI PRO$ 'ALLHN
TINA SOFIAN 'ANEU NOU KAI DIKH$, BANAUSON T' 'EINAI KAI
'ANELEUQERON KAI 'OUK 'AXIAN TO PARAPAN PAIDEIAN KALEISQAI0.
"HMEI$ DH MHDEN 'ONOMATI DIAFERWMEQ' "AUTOI$, 'ALL' "O NUNDH
LOGO$ "HMIN "OMOLOGHQEI$ MENETW, "W$ "OI GE 'ORQW$ PEPAIDEUMENOI
SCEDON 'AGAQOI GIGNONTAI, KAI DEI DH THN PAIDEIAN
<P 644B>
MHDAMOU 'ATIMAZEIN, "W$ PRWTON TWN KALLISTWN TOI$ 'ARISTOI$
'ANDRASIN PARAGIGNOMENON; KAI 'EI POTE 'EXERCETAI, DUNATON D'
'ESTIN 'EPANORQOUSQAI, TOUT' 'AEI DRASTEON DIA= BIOU PANTI KATA
DUNAMIN.
KL ^ 'ORQW$, KAI SUGCWROUMEN "A LEGEI$.
AQ ^ KAI-MHN PALAI GE SUNECWRHSAMEN "W$ 'AGAQWN MEN
'ONTWN0 TWN DUNAMENWN 'ARCEIN "AUTWN, KAKWN DE TWN MH.
KL ^ LEGEI$ 'ORQOTATA.
AQ ^ SAFESTERON 'ETI TOINUN 'ANALABWMEN TOUT' 'AUTO "OTI2
<P 644C>
POTE LEGOMEN. KAI MOI DI' 'EIKONO$ 'APODEXASQE 'EA=N PW$
DUNATO$ "UMIN GENWMAI DHLWSAI0 TO TOIOUTON.
KL ^ LEGE MONON.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N "ENA MEN "HMWN "EKASTON 'AUTON TIQWMEN:
KL ^ NAI.
AQ ^ DUO DE KEKTHMENON 'EN "AUTWI SUMBOULW 'ENANTIW TE-KAI
'AFRONE, "W PROSAGOREUOMEN "HDONHN KAI LUPHN:
KL ^ 'ESTI TAUTA.
AQ ^ PRO$ DE TOUTOIN 'AMFOIN 'AU DOXA$ MELLONTWN0, "OIN
KOINON MEN 'ONOMA 'ELPI$, 'IDION DE, FOBO$ MEN "H PRO LUPH$
<P 644D>
'ELPI$, QARRO$ DE "H PRO TOU* 'ENANTIOU; 'EPI DE PASI TOUTOI$
LOGISMO$ "OTI2 POT' 'AUTWN 'AMEINON 'H= CEIRON, "O$4 GENOMENO$
DOGMA POLEW$ KOINON NOMO$ 'EPWNOMASTAI.
KL ^ MOGI$ MEN PW$ 'EFEPOMAI, LEGE MHN TO META TAUTA
"W$ "EPOMENOU.
ME ^ KAI 'EN 'EMOI4 MHN 'TAUTON TOUTO PAQO$ 'ENI.
AQ ^ PERI= DH TOUTWN DIANOHQWMEN "OUTWSI. QAUMA MEN
"EKASTON "HMWN "HGHSWMEQA TWN ZWIWN QEION, 'EI=TE "W$ PAIGNION
'EKEINWN 'EI=TE "W$ SPOUDHI TINI SUNESTHKO$; 'OU-GAR-DH TOUTO
<P 644E>
GE GIGNWSKOMEN, TODE DE 'ISMEN, "OTI4 TAUTA TA PAQH 'EN "HMIN
"OION NEURA 'H= SMHRINQOI TINE$ 'ENOUSAI SPWSIN0 TE "HMA$ KAI
'ALLHLAI$ 'ANQELKOUSIN0 'ENANTIAI 'OUSAI 'EP' 'ENANTIA$ PRAXEI$,
"OU4 DH DIWRISMENH 'ARETH KAI KAKIA KEITAI. MIA*I GAR FHSIN "O
LOGO$ DEIN TWN "ELXEWN SUNEPOMENON 'AEI KAI MHDAMHI 'APOLEIPOMENON
'EKEINH$, 'ANQELKEIN TOI$ 'ALLOI$ NEUROI$ "EKASTON, TAUTHN


<P 645A>
D' 'EINAI THN TOU* LOGISMOU 'AGWGHN CRUSHN KAI "IERAN, TH$
POLEW$ KOINON NOMON 'EPIKALOUMENHN0, 'ALLA$ DE SKLHRA$ KAI
SIDHRA$, THN DE MALAKHN "ATE CRUSHN 'OUSAN, TA$ DE 'ALLA$
PANTODAPOI$ 'EIDESIN "OMOIA$. DEIN DH THI KALLISTHI 'AGWGHI
THI TOU* NOMOU 'AEI SULLAMBANEIN; "ATE GAR TOU* LOGISMOU KALOU
MEN 'ONTO$, PRA\OU DE-KAI 'OU BIAIOU, DEISQAI "UPHRETWN 'AUTOU4 THN
'AGWGHN, "OPW$ 'AN4 'EN "HMIN TO CRUSOUN GENO$ NIKA*I2 TA 'A=LLA
<P 645B>
GENH. KAI "OUTW DH PERI= QAUMATWN "W$ 'ONTWN0 "HMWN "O MUQO$
'ARETH$ SESWMENO$ 'AN4 'EIH, KAI TO KREITTW "EAUTOU KAI "HTTW
'EINAI TROPON TINA FANERON 'AN4 GIGNOITO MALLON "O= NOEI0, KAI
"OTI4 POLIN KAI 'IDIWTHN, TON MEN LOGON 'ALHQH LABONTA 'EN
"EAUTWI PERI= TWN "ELXEWN TOUTWN, TOUTWI "EPOMENON DEI ZHN,
POLIN DE 'H= PARA QEWN TINO$ 'H= PARA TOUTOU TOU* GNONTO$
TAUTA LOGON PARALABOUSAN, NOMON QEMENHN, "AUTHI TE "OMILEIN
KAI TAI$ 'ALLAI$ POLESIN. "OUTW KAI KAKIA DH-KAI 'ARETH
<P 645C>
SAFESTERON "HMIN DIHRQRWMENON 'AN4 'EIH; 'ENARGESTEROU D'
'AUTOU4 GENOMENOU KAI PAIDEIA KAI 'TALLA 'EPITHDEUMATA 'ISW$
'ESTAI MALLON KATAFANH, KAI-DH-KAI TO PERI= TH$ 'EN TOI$ 'OINOI$
DIATRIBH$, "O= DOXASQEIH MEN 'AN4 'EINAI FAULOU PE=RI MHKO$ POLU
LOGWN PERITTON 'EIRHMENON, FANEIH DE TAC' 'AN4 'ISW$ TOU* MHKOU$
G' 'AUTWN 'OUK 'APAXION.
KL ^ 'EU LEGEI$, KAI PERAINWMEN "OTIPER2 'AN4 TH$ GE NU*N
DIATRIBH$ 'AXION GIGNHTAI.
<P 645D>
AQ ^ LEGE DH; PROSFERONTE$ TW*I QAUMATI TOUTWI THN MEQHN,
POI*ON TI POTE 'AUTO 'APERGAZOMEQA:
KL ^ PRO$ TI= DE SKOPOUMENO$ 'AUTO 'EPANERWTA*I$0:
AQ ^ 'OUDEN PW PRO$ "OTI2, TOUTO DE "OLW$ KOINWNHSAN TOUTWI
POI*ON TI SUMPIPTEI0 GIGNESQAI. 'ETI DE SAFESTERON "O= BOULOMAI
PEIRASOMAI FRAZEIN. 'ERWTW0 GAR TO TOIONDE; 'A*RA SFODROTERA$
TA$ "HDONA$ KAI LUPA$ KAI QUMOU$ KAI 'ERWTA$ "H TWN
'OINWN POSI$ 'EPITEINEI0:
KL ^ POLU GE.
<P 645E>
AQ ^ TI= D' 'AU TA$ 'AISQHSEI$ KAI MNHMA$ KAI DOXA$ KAI FRONHSEI$:
POTERON "WSAUTW$ SFODROTERA$: 'H= PAMPAN 'APOLEIPEI0
TAUTA 'AUTON, 'AN2 KATAKORH$ TI$ THI MEQHI GIGNHTAI:
KL ^ NAI, PAMPAN 'APOLEIPEI0.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EI$ 'TAUTON 'AFIKNEITAI THN TH$ YUCH$ "EXIN THI
TO=TE "OTE NEO$ 'H*N PAI$:
KL ^ TI= MHN:
AQ ^ "HKISTA DH TO=T' 'AN4 'AUTO$ "AUTOU GIGNOITO 'EGKRATH$.


<P 646A>
KL ^ "HKISTA.
AQ ^ 'A*R'-'OUN PONHROTATO$, FAMEN, "O TOIOUTO$:
KL ^ POLU GE.
AQ ^ 'OU MONON 'A=R', "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "O GERWN DI$ PAI$ GIGNOIT'
'AN4, 'ALLA=-KAI "O MEQUSQEI$.
KL ^ 'ARISTA 'EIPE$, 'W* XENE.
AQ ^ TOUTOU DH TOU* 'EPITHDEUMATO$ 'ESQ' "OSTI$ LOGO$ 'EPICEIRHSEI2
PEIQEIN "HMA$ "W$ CRH GEUESQAI KAI MH FEUGEIN PANTI
SQENEI KATA TO DUNATON:
KL ^ 'EOIK'0 'EINAI; SU GOUN FH=I$ KAI "ETOIMO$ 'HSQA NUNDH
LEGEIN.
<P 646B>
AQ ^ 'ALHQH MENTOI MNHMONEUEI$. KAI NU*N G' 'EIM'
"ETOIMO$, 'EPEIDHPER SFW GE 'EQELHSEIN PROQUMW$ 'EFATON
'AKOUEIN.
KL ^ PW*$ D' 'OUK 'AKOUSOMEQA: 'KAN4 'EI MHDENO$ 'ALLOU
CARIN, 'ALLA= TOU* QAUMASTOU TE-KAI 'ATOPOU, 'EI DEI "EKONTA
POTE 'ANQRWPON 'EI$ "APASAN FAULOTHTA "EAUTON 'EMBALLEIN.
AQ ^ YUCH$ LEGEI$; 'H*-GAR:
KL ^ NAI.
AQ ^ TI= DE: SWMATO$, 'W* "ETAIRE, 'EI$ PONHRIAN, LEPTOTHTA
TE-KAI 'AISCO$ KAI 'ADUNAMIAN, QAUMAZOIMEN 'AN4 'EI POTE TI$
<P 646C>
"EKWN 'EPI TO TOIOUTON 'AFIKNEITAI:
KL ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ ^ TI= 'OUN: TOU$ 'EI$ TA 'IATREIA 'AUTOU$ BADIZONTA$ 'EPI
FARMAKOPOSIA\ 'AGNOEIN 'OIOMEQA "OTI4 MET' 'OLIGON "USTERON KAI
'EPI POLLA$ "HMERA$ "EXOUSIN2 TOIOUTON TO SWMA, "OION 'EI DIA=
TELOU$ 'ECEIN MELLOIEN, ZHN 'OUK 'AN4 DEXAINTO: 'H= TOU$ 'EPI TA
GUMNASIA KAI PONOU$ 'IONTA$ 'OUK 'ISMEN "W$ 'ASQENEI$ 'EI$ TO
PARACRHMA GIGNONTAI:
KL ^ PANTA TAUTA 'ISMEN.
AQ ^ KAI "OTI4 TH$ META TAUTA 'WFELIA$ "ENEKA "EKONTE$
POREUONTAI:
<P 646D>
KL ^ KALLISTA.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N CRH KAI TWN 'ALLWN 'EPITHDEUMATWN PE=RI
DIANOEISQAI TON 'AUTON TROPON:
KL ^ PANU GE.
AQ ^ KAI TH$ PERI= TON 'OINON 'A=RA DIATRIBH$ "WSAUTW$
DIANOHTEON, 'EIPER 'ENI TOUTO 'EN TOUTOI$ 'ORQW$ DIANOHQHNAI.
KL ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
AQ ^ 'AN2 'A=RA TINA "HMIN 'WFELIAN 'ECOUSA FAINHTAI MHDEN
TH$ PERI= TO SWMA 'ELATTW, THI GE 'ARCHI THN SWMASKIAN NIKA*I0
TW*I THN MEN MET' 'ALGHDONWN 'EINAI, THN DE MH.
<P 646E>
KL ^ 'ORQW$ LEGEI$, QAUMAZOIMI D' 'AN4 'EI TI DUNAIMEQA
TOIOUTON 'EN 'AUTWI KATAMAQEIN.
AQ ^ TOUT' 'AUTO DH NU*N "W$ 'EOIC'0, "HMIN 'HDH PEIRATEON
FRAZEIN. KAI MOI LEGE; DUO FOBWN 'EIDH SCEDON 'ENANTIA
DUNAMEQA KATANOHSAI0:
KL ^ POI*A DH:
AQ ^ TA TOIADE; FOBOUMEQA MEN-POU TA KAKA, PROSDOKWNTE$
GENHSESQAI.
KL ^ NAI.
AQ ^ FOBOUMEQA DE-GE POLLAKI$ DOXAN, "HGOUMENOI DOXAZESQAI
KAKOI, PRATTONTE$ 'H= LEGONTE$ TI TWN MH KALWN; "ON


<P 647A>
DH-KAI KALOUMEN0 TON FOBON "HMEI$ GE, 'OIMAI DE-KAI PANTE$,
'AISCUNHN.
KL ^ TI= D' 'OU=:
AQ ^ TOUTOU$ DH DUO 'ELEGON FOBOU$; "WN "O "ETERO$ 'ENANTIO$
MEN TAI$ 'ALGHDOSIN KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ FOBOI$, 'ENANTIO$
D' 'ESTI TAI$ PLEISTAI$ KAI MEGISTAI$ "HDONAI$.
KL ^ 'ORQOTATA LEGEI$.
AQ ^ 'A*R'-'OUN-'OU-KAI NOMOQETH$, KAI PA$ "OU2 KAI SMIKRON
'OFELO$, TOUTON TON FOBON 'EN TIMHI MEGISTHI SEBEI0, KAI KALWN0
'AIDW, TO TOUTWI QARRO$ 'ENANTION 'ANAIDEIAN TE PROSAGOREUEI0
<P 647B>
KAI MEGISTON KAKON 'IDIA\ TE-KAI DHMOSIA\ PASI NENOMIKEN0:
KL ^ 'ORQW$ LEGEI$.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N TA T' 'A=LLA POLLA KAI MEGALA "O FOBO$ "HMA$
"OUTO$ SWIZEI0, KAI THN 'EN TW*I POLEMWI NIKHN KAI SWTHRIAN "EN
PRO$ "EN 'OUDEN "OUTW$ SFO=DRA "HMIN 'APERGAZETAI: DUO GAR-'OUN
'ESTON0 TA THN NIKHN 'APERGAZOMENA, QARRO$ MEN POLEMIWN,
FILWN DE FOBO$ 'AISCUNH$ PE=RI KAKH$.
KL ^ 'ESTI TAUTA.
AQ ^ 'AFOBON "HMWN 'A=RA DEI GIGNESQAI KAI FOBERON
<P 647C>
"EKASTON; "WN D' "EKATERON "ENEKA, DIHIRHMEQA.
KL ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ KAI-MHN 'AFOBON GE "EKASTON BOULHQENTE$ POIEIN
FOBWN POLLWN TINWN, 'EI$ FOBON 'AGONTE$ 'AUTON META NOMOU,
TOIOUTON 'APERGAZOMEQA.
KL ^ FAINOMEQA.
AQ ^ TI= D' "OTAN 'EPICEIRWMEN TINA FOBERON POIEIN META
DIKH$: 'A*R' 'OUK 'ANAISCUNTIA\ SUMBALLONTA$ 'AUTON KAI PROSGUMNAZONTA$
NIKAN DEI POIEIN DIAMACOMENON "AUTOU TAI$
"HDONAI$: 'H= THI MEN DEILIA\ THI 'EN "AUTWI PROSMACOMENON KAI
<P 647D>
NIKWNTA 'AUTHN DEI TELEON "OUTW GIGNESQAI PRO$ 'ANDREIAN,
'APEIRO$ DE-DHPOU-KAI 'AGUMNASTO$ 'WN TWN TOIOUTWN 'AGWNWN
"OSTISOUN 'OUD' 'AN4 "HMISU$ "EAUTOU GENOITO PRO$ 'ARETHN, SWFRWN
DE-'A=RA TELEW$ 'ESTAI MH POLLAI$ "HDONAI$ KAI 'EPIQUMIAI$ PROTREPOUSAI$
'ANAISCUNTEIN KAI 'ADIKEIN DIAMEMACHMENO$ KAI
NENIKHKW$ META LOGOU KAI 'ERGOU KAI TECNH$ 'EN TE PAIDIAI$
KAI 'EN SPOUDAI$, 'ALL' 'APAQH$ 'WN PANTWN TWN TOIOUTWN:
KL ^ 'OU=KOUN TON G' 'EIKOTA LOGON 'AN4 'ECOI.
<P 647E>
AQ ^ TI= 'OUN: FOBOU FARMAKON 'ESQ' "OSTI$ QEO$ 'EDWKEN
'ANQRWPOI$, "WSTE "OPOSWI PLEON 'AN4 'EQELHI5 TI$ PINEIN 'AUTOU4,
TOSOUTWI MALLON 'AUTON NOMIZEIN KAQ' "EKASTHN POSIN DUSTUCH
GIGNESQAI, KAI FOBEISQAI TA PARONTA KAI TA MELLONTA "AUTWI


<P 648A>
PANTA, KAI TELEUTWNTA 'EI$ PAN DEO$ 'IENAI TON 'ANDREIOTATON
'ANQRWPWN, 'EKKOIMHQENTA DE-KAI TOU* PWMATO$ 'APALLAGENTA
PALIN "EKASTOTE TON 'AUTON GIGNESQAI:
KL ^ KAI TI= TOIOUTON FAIMEN 'AN4, 'W* XENE, 'EN 'ANQRWPOI$
GEGONENAI PWMA:
AQ ^ 'OUDEN; 'EI D'-'OUN 'EGENETO POQEN 'ESQ' "OTI2 PRO$
'ANDREIAN 'H*N 'AN4 NOMOQETHI CRHSIMON: "OION TO TOIONDE PERI=
'AUTOU4 KAI MALA 'EICOMEN 'AN4 'AUTWI DIALEGESQAI; FERE, 'W*
NOMOQETA, 'EI=TE KRHSIN 'EI=Q' "OISTISINOUN NOMOQETEI$, PRWTON
<P 648B>
MEN TWN POLITWN 'A*R' 'AN4 DEXAIO BASANON DUNATO$ 'EINAI
LAMBANEIN 'ANDREIA$ TE PE=RI KAI DEILIA$:
KL ^ FAIH POU PA$ 'AN4 DHLON "OTI4.
AQ ^ TI= DE: MET' 'ASFALEIA$ KAI 'ANEU KINDUNWN MEGALWN
'H= META TWN 'ENANTIWN:
KL ^ KAI TOUTO META TH$ 'ASFALEIA$ SUNOMOLOGHSEI2 PA$.
AQ ^ CRWIO D' 'AN4 'EI$ TOU$ FOBOU$ TOUTOU$ 'AGWN KAI
'ELEGCWN 'EN TOI$ PAQHMASIN, "WSTE 'ANAGKAZEIN 'AFOBON GIGNESQAI,
<P 648C>
PARAKELEUOMENO$ KAI NOUQETWN KAI TIMWN, TON DE
'ATIMAZWN, "OSTI$ SOI4 MH PEIQOITO 'EINAI TOIOUTO$ "OION SU
TATTOI$ 'EN PASIN: KAI GUMNASAMENON MEN 'EU KAI 'ANDREIW$
'AZHMION 'APALLATTOI$ 'AN4, KAKW$ DE, ZHMIAN 'EPITIQEI=$: 'H= TO
PARAPAN 'OUK 'AN4 CRWIO, MHDEN 'ALLO 'EGKALWN0 TW*I PWMATI:
KL ^ KAI PW*$ 'OUK 'AN4 CRWITO, 'W* XENE:
AQ ^ GUMNASIA GOUN, 'W* FILE, PARA TA NU*N QAUMASTH
"RA\STWNH$ 'AN4 'EIH KAQ' "ENA KAI KAT' 'OLIGOU$ KAI KAQ' "OPOSOU$
<P 648D>
TI$ 'AEI BOULOITO; KAI 'EI=TE TI$ 'A=RA MONO$ 'EN 'ERHMIA\, TO TH$
'AISCUNH$ 'EPIPROSQEN POIOUMENO$, PRIN 'EU SCEIN "HGOUMENO$
"ORASQAI MH DEIN, "OUTW PRO$ TOU$ FOBOU$ GUMNAZOITO, PWMA
MONON 'ANTI MURIWN PRAGMATWN PARASKEUAZOMENO$, 'ORQW$ 'AN4
TI PRATTOI, 'EI=TE TI$ "EAUTWI PISTEUWN FUSEI KAI MELETHI KALW$
PARESKEUASQAI, MHDEN 'OKNOI META SUMPOTWN PLEIONWN GUMNAZOMENO$
'EPIDEIKNUSQAI THN 'EN THI TOU* PWMATO$ 'ANAGKAIA\
<P 648E>
DIAFORA*I DUNAMIN "UPERQEWN KAI KRATWN, "WSTE "UP' 'ASCHMOSUNH$
MHDE "EN SFALLESQAI MEGA MHD' 'ALLOIOUSQAI DI'
'ARETHN, PRO$ DE THN 'ESCATHN POSIN 'APALLATTOITO PRIN
'AFIKNEISQAI, THN PANTWN "HTTAN FOBOUMENO$ 'ANQRWPWN TOU*
PWMATO$.
KL ^ NAI; SWFRONOI GAR 'AN74, 'W* XENE, KAI "O TOIOUTO$
"OUTW PRATTWN.


<P 649A>
AQ ^ PALIN DH PRO$ TON NOMOQETHN LEGWMEN TADE; 'EIEN,
'W* NOMOQETA, TOU* MEN-DH FOBOU SCEDON 'OUTE QEO$ 'EDWKEN
'ANQRWPOI$ TOIOUTON FARMAKON 'OUTE 'AUTOI MEMHCANHMEQA %
TOU$ GAR GOHTA$ 'OUK 'EN QOINHI LEGW0 % TH$ DE 'AFOBIA$ KAI
TOU* LIAN QARREIN KAI 'AKAIRW$ "A MH CRH, POTERON 'ESTIN
PWMA, 'H= PW*$ LEGOMEN:
KL ^ 'ESTIN, FHSEI2 POU, TON 'OINON FRAZWN.
AQ ^ 'H*-KAI 'TOUNANTION 'ECEI0 TOUTO TW*I NUNDH LEGOMENWI:
PIONTA TON 'ANQRWPON 'AUTON "AUTOU POIEI0 PRWTON "ILEWN 'EUQU$
<P 649B>
MALLON 'H= PROTERON, KAI "OPOSWI 'AN4 PLEON 'AUTOU4 GEUHTAI,
TOSOUTWI PLEIONWN 'ELPIDWN 'AGAQWN PLHROUSQAI KAI DUNAMEW$
'EI$ DOXAN: KAI TELEUTWN DH PASH$ "O TOIOUTO$ PARRHSIA$
"W$ SOFO$ 'WN MESTOUTAI KAI 'ELEUQERIA$, PASH$ DE 'AFOBIA$
"WSTE 'EIPEIN TE 'AOKNW$ "OTIOUN, "WSAUTW$ DE-KAI PRAXAI0: PA$
"HMIN, 'OIMAI, TAUT' 'AN4 SUGCWROI.
KL ^ TI= MHN:
AQ ^ 'ANAMNHSQWMEN DH TODE, "OTI4 DU' 'EFAMEN "HMWN 'EN
TAI$ YUCAI$ DEIN QERAPEUESQAI, TO MEN "OPW$ "OTI2 MALISTA
<P 649C>
QARRHSOMEN, TO DE 'TOUNANTION "OTI2 MALISTA FOBHSOMEQA.
KL ^ "A TH$ 'AIDOU$ 'ELEGE$, "W$ 'OIOMEQA.
AQ ^ KALW$ MNHMONEUETE0. 'EPEIDH DE THN TE 'ANDREIAN
KAI THN 'AFOBIAN 'EN TOI$ FOBOI$ DEI KATAMELETASQAI, SKEPTEON
'A*RA TO 'ENANTION 'EN TOI$ 'ENANTIOI$ QERAPEUESQAI DEON
'AN4 'EIH.
KL ^ TO G'-'OUN 'EIKO$.
AQ ^ "A PAQONTE$ 'A=RA PEFUKAMEN DIAFERONTW$ QARRALEOI
T' 'EINAI KAI QRASEI$, 'EN TOUTOI$ DEON 'AN4, "W$ 'EOIK'0, 'EIH TO
MELETAN "W$ "HKISTA 'EINAI 'ANAISCUNTOU$ TE-KAI QRASUTHTO$
<P 649D>
GEMONTA$, FOBEROU$ DE 'EI$ TO TI TOLMAN "EKASTOTE LEGEIN
'H= PASCEIN 'H=-KAI DRAN 'AISCRON "OTIOUN.
KL ^ 'EOIKEN0.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N TAUTA 'ESTI PANTA 'EN "OI$ 'ESMEN TOIOUTOI,
QUMO$, 'ERW$, "UBRI$, 'AMAQIA, FILOKERDEIA, DEILIA, KAI 'ETI
TOIADE, PLOUTO$, KALLO$, 'ISCU$, KAI PANQ' "OSA DI' "HDONH$
'AU MEQUSKONTA PARAFRONA$ POIEI0: TOUTWN DE 'EUTELH TE-KAI
'ASINESTERAN PRWTON MEN PRO$ TO LAMBANEIN PEIRAN, 'EITA
'EI$ TO MELETAN, PLHN TH$ 'EN 'OINWI BASANOU KAI PAIDIA$, TI=NA
<P 649E>
'ECOMEN "HDONHN 'EIPEIN 'EMMETRON MALLON, 'AN2 KAI "OPWSTIOUN
MET' 'EULABEIA$ GIGNHTAI: SKOPWMEN GAR-DH; DUSKOLOU YUCH$
KAI 'AGRIA$, 'EX "H$ 'ADIKIAI MURIAI GIGNONTAI, POTERON 'IONTA
'EI$ TA SUMBOLAIA PEIRAN LAMBANEIN, KINDUNEUONTA PERI=


<P 650A>
'AUTWN, SFALERWTERON, 'H= SUGGENOMENON META TH$ TOU* DIONUSOU
QEWRIA$: 'H= PRO$ 'TAFRODISIA "HTTHMENH$ TINO$ YUCH$
BASANON LAMBANEIN, 'EPITREPONTA "AUTOU QUGATERA$ TE-KAI
"UEI$ KAI GUNAIKA$, "OUTW$, 'EN TOI$ FILTATOI$ KINDUNEUSANTE$,
'HQO$ YUCH$ QEASASQAI: KAI MURIA DH LEGWN 'OUK 'AN4 TI$ POTE
'ANUSEIEN "OSWI DIAFEREI0 TO META PAIDIA$ THN 'ALLW$ 'ANEU
MISQOU ZHMIWDOU$ QEWREIN. KAI-DH-KAI TOUTO MEN 'AUTO PERI=
<P 650B>
GE TOUTWN 'OUT' 'AN4 KRHTA$ 'OUT' 'ALLOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ 'OUDENA$
'OIOMEQA 'AMFISBHTHSAI0, MH 'OU PEIRAN TE 'ALLHLWN 'EPIEIKH
TAUTHN 'EINAI, TO TE TH$ 'EUTELEIA$ KAI 'ASFALEIA$ KAI TACOU$
DIAFEREIN PRO$ TA$ 'ALLA$ BASANOU$.
KL ^ 'ALHQE$ TOUTO GE.
AQ ^ TOUTO MEN-'A=R' 'AN4 TWN CRHSIMWTATWN "EN 'EIH, TO
GNWNAI0 TA$ FUSEI$ TE-KAI "EXEI$ TWN YUCWN, THI TECNHI 'EKEINHI
"H$ 'ESTIN TAUTA QERAPEUEIN; 'ESTIN DE-POU, FAMEN, "W$ 'OIMAI,
POLITIKH$. 'H*-GAR:
KL ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.


<B NOM2>


<P 652A>
AQ ^ TO DH META TOUTO, "W$ 'EOIKE0, SKEPTEON 'EKEINO PERI=
'AUTWN, PO=TERA TOUTO MONON 'AGAQON 'ECEI0, TO KATIDEIN PW*$
'ECOMEN TA$ FUSEI$, 'H=-KAI TI MEGEQO$ 'WFELIA$ 'AXION POLLH$
SPOUDH$ 'ENEST' 'EN THI KAT' 'ORQON CREIA\ TH$ 'EN 'OINWI SUNOUSIA$.
TI= 'OUN-DH LEGOMEN: 'ENESQ', "W$ "O LOGO$ 'EOIKEN0 BOULESQAI
SHMAINEIN; "OPHI DE-KAI "OPW$, 'AKOUWMEN PROSECONTE$
<P 652B>
TON NOUN, MH PHI PARAPODISQWMEN "UP' 'AUTOU4.
KL ^ LEG' 'OUN.
AQ ^ 'ANAMNHSQHNAI TOINUN 'EGWGE PALIN 'EPIQUMW0 TI= POTE


<P 653A>
LEGOMEN "HMIN 'EINAI THN 'ORQHN PAIDEIAN. TOUTOU GAR, "W$
GE 'EGW TOPAZW0 TA NU*N 'ESTIN 'EN TW*I 'EPITHDEUMATI TOUTWI
KALW$ KATORQOUMENWI SWTHRIA.
KL ^ MEGA LEGEI$.
AQ ^ LEGW0 TOINUN TWN PAIDWN PAIDIKHN 'EINAI PRWTHN
'AISQHSIN "HDONHN KAI LUPHN, KAI 'EN "OI$ 'ARETH YUCHI KAI
KAKIA PARAGIGNETAI PRWTON, TAUT' 'EINAI, FRONHSIN DE-KAI
'ALHQEI$ DOXA$ BEBAIOU$ 'EUTUCE$ "OTWI KAI PRO$ TO GHRA$
PAREGENETO; TELEO$ D'-'OUN 'EST' 'ANQRWPO$ TAUTA KAI TA 'EN
<P 653B>
TOUTOI$ PANTA KEKTHMENO$ 'AGAQA. PAIDEIAN DH LEGW0 THN
PARAGIGNOMENHN PRWTON PAISIN 'ARETHN; "HDONH DH-KAI FILIA
KAI LUPH KAI MISO$ 'AN2 'ORQW$ 'EN YUCAI$ 'EGGIGNWNTAI MHPW
DUNAMENWN LOGWI LAMBANEIN, LABONTWN3 DE TON LOGON, SUMFWNHSWSI
TW*I LOGWI 'ORQW$ 'EIQISQAI "UPO TWN PROSHKONTWN0
'EQWN, "AU=TH 'SQ' "H SUMFWNIA SUMPASA MEN 'ARETH, TO DE
PERI= TA$ "HDONA$ KAI LUPA$ TEQRAMMENON 'AUTH$ 'ORQW$ "WSTE
<P 653C>
MISEIN MEN "A CRH MISEIN 'EUQU$ 'EX 'ARCH$ MECRI TELOU$,
STERGEIN DE "A CRH STERGEIN, TOUT' 'AUTO 'APOTEMWN2 TW*I LOGWI
KAI PAIDEIAN PROSAGOREUWN, KATA GE THN 'EMHN 'ORQW$ 'AN4
PROSAGOREUOI$.
KL ^ KAI-GAR, 'W* XENE, "HMIN KAI TA PROTERON 'ORQW$ SOI4
PAIDEIA$ PE=RI KAI TA NU*N 'EIRHSQAI DOKEI0.
AQ ^ KALW$ TOINUN. TOUTWN GAR-DH TWN 'ORQW$ TEQRAMMENWN
"HDONWN KAI LUPWN PAIDEIWN 'OUSWN CALATAI0 TOI$
'ANQRWPOI$ KAI DIAFQEIRETAI KATA POLLA 'EN TW*I BIWI, QEOI
<P 653D>
DE 'OIKTIRANTE$ TO TWN 'ANQRWPWN 'EPIPONON PEFUKO$ GENO$,
'ANAPAULA$ TE 'AUTOI$ TWN PONWN 'ETAXANTO TA$ TWN "EORTWN
'AMOIBA$ TOI$ QEOI$, KAI MOUSA$ 'APOLLWNA TE MOUSHGETHN
KAI DIONUSON SUNEORTASTA$ 'EDOSAN, "IN' 'EPANORQWNTAI, TA$
TE TROFA$ GENOMENA$ 'EN TAI$ "EORTAI$ META QEWN. "ORAN "A
CRH POTERON 'ALHQH$ "HMIN KATA FUSIN "O LOGO$ "UMNEITAI TA
NU*N, 'H= PW*$. FHSIN DE TO NEON "APAN "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN TOI$
TE SWMASI KAI TAI$ FWNAI$ "HSUCIAN 'AGEIN 'OU DUNASQAI,
<P 653E>
KINEISQAI DE 'AEI ZHTEIN KAI FQEGGESQAI, TA MEN "ALLOMENA
KAI SKIRTWNTA, "OION 'ORCOUMENA MEQ' "HDONH$ KAI PROSPAIZONTA,
TA DE FQEGGOMENA PASA$ FWNA$. TA MEN-'OUN 'A=LLA
ZWIA 'OUK 'ECEIN 'AISQHSIN TWN 'EN TAI$ KINHSESIN TAXEWN 'OUDE
'ATAXIWN, "OI$ DH "RUQMO$ 'ONOMA KAI "ARMONIA; "HMIN DE "OU$


<P 654A>
'EIPOMEN TOU$ QEOU$ SUGCOREUTA$ DEDOSQAI, TOUTOU$ 'EINAI KAI
TOU$ DEDWKOTA$ THN 'ENRUQMON TE-KAI 'ENARMONION 'AISQHSIN
MEQ' "HDONH$, "HI DH KINEIN TE "HMA$ KAI CORHGEIN "HMWN TOUTOU$,
'WIDAI$ TE-KAI 'ORCHSESIN 'ALLHLOI$ SUNEIRONTA$, COROU$ TE
'WNOMAKENAI PARA TO TH$ CARA$ 'EMFUTON 'ONOMA. PRWTON
DH TOUTO 'APODEXWMEQA: QWMEN PAIDEIAN 'EINAI PRWTHN DIA=
MOUSWN TE-KAI 'APOLLWNO$, 'H= PW*$:
KL ^ "OUTW$.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N "O MEN 'APAIDEUTO$ 'ACOREUTO$ "HMIN 'ESTAI, TON
<P 654B>
DE PEPAIDEUMENON "IKANW$ KECOREUKOTA QETEON:
KL ^ TI= MHN:
AQ ^ COREIA GE-MHN 'ORCHSI$ TE-KAI 'WIDH TO SUNOLON
'ESTIN.
KL ^ 'ANAGKAION.
AQ ^ "O KALW$ 'A=RA PEPAIDEUMENO$ 'A\DEIN TE-KAI 'ORCEISQAI
DUNATO$ 'AN4 'EIH KALW$.
KL ^ 'EOIKEN0.
AQ ^ 'IDWMEN DH TI= POT' 'ESTI TO NU*N 'AU LEGOMENON.
KL ^ TO POI*ON DH:
AQ ^ KALW$ 'A\DEI0, FAMEN, KAI KALW$ 'ORCEITAI; POTERON
<P 654C>
'EI KAI KALA 'A\DEI0 KAI KALA 'ORCEITAI PROSQWMEN 'H= MH:
KL ^ PROSQWMEN.
AQ ^ TI= D' 'AN2 TA KALA TE "HGOUMENO$ 'EINAI KALA KAI TA
'AISCRA 'AISCRA "OUTW$ 'AUTOI$ CRHTAI2: BELTION "O TOIOUTO$
PEPAIDEUMENO$ "HMIN 'ESTAI THN COREIAN TE-KAI MOUSIKHN 'H=
"O$4 'AN4 TW*I MEN SWMATI KAI THI FWNHI TO DIANOHQEN 'EINAI KALON
"IKANW$ "UPHRETEIN DUNHQHI "EKASTOTE, CAIRHI5 DE MH TOI$ KALOI$
MHDE MISHI5 TA MH KALA: 'H= 'KEINO$ "O$4 'AN4 THI MEN FWNHI KAI
<P 654D>
TW*I SWMATI MH PANU DUNATO$ 'HI KATORQOUN0, 'H= DIANOEISQAI, THI
DE "HDONHI KAI LUPHI KATORQOI2, TA MEN 'ASPAZOMENO$, "OSA KALA,
TA DE DUSCERAINWN, "OPOSA MH KALA:
KL ^ POLU TO DIAFERON, 'W* XENE, LEGEI$ TH$ PAIDEIA$.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EI MEN TO KALON 'WIDH$ TE-KAI 'ORCHSEW$ PE=RI
GIGNWSKOMEN TREI$ 'ONTE$, 'ISMEN KAI TON PEPAIDEUMENON TE-KAI
'APAIDEUTON 'ORQW$; 'EI DE 'AGNOOUMEN GE TOUTO, 'OUD' 'EI TI$
PAIDEIA$ 'ESTIN FULAKH KAI "OPOU DIAGIGNWSKEIN 'AN4 POTE
<P 654E>
DUNAIMEQA. 'A*R' 'OUC "OUTW$:
KL ^ "OUTW MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ TAUT' 'A=RA META TOUQ' "HMIN 'AU KAQAPER KUSIN 'ICNEUOUSAI$
DIEREUNHTEON, SCHMA TE KALON KAI MELO$ KAI 'WIDHN
KAI 'ORCHSIN; 'EI DE TAUQ' "HMA$ DIAFUGONTA 'OICHSETAI, MATAIO$
"O META TAUQ' "HMIN PERI= PAIDEIA$ 'ORQH$ 'EI=Q' "ELLHNIKH$ 'EI=TE
BARBARIKH$ LOGO$ 'AN4 'EIH.
KL ^ NAI.
AQ ^ 'EIEN; TI= DE-DH TO KALON CRH FANAI SCHMA 'H= MELO$
'EINAI POTE: FERE, 'ANDRIKH$ YUCH$ 'EN PONOI$ 'ECOMENH$ KAI


<P 655A>
DEILH$ 'EN TOI$ 'AUTOI$ TE-KAI 'ISOI$ 'A*R' "O=MOIA TA TE SCHMATA
KAI TA FQEGMATA SUMBAINEI0 GIGNESQAI:
KL ^ KAI PW*$, "OTE GE-MHDE TA CRWMATA:
AQ ^ KALW$ GE, 'W* "ETAIRE. 'ALL' 'EN GAR MOUSIKHI KAI
SCHMATA MEN-KAI MELH 'ENESTIN, PERI= "RUQMON KAI "ARMONIAN
'OUSH$ TH$ MOUSIKH$, "WSTE 'EURUQMON MEN-KAI 'EUARMOSTON,
'EUCRWN DE MELO$ 'H= SCHMA 'OUK 'ESTIN2 'APEIKASANTA, "WSPER
"OI CORODIDASKALOI 'APEIKAZOUSIN0, 'ORQW$ FQEGGESQAI; TO DE
TOU* DEILOU TE-KAI 'ANDREIOU SCHMA 'H= MELO$ 'ESTIN20 TE-KAI
<P 655B>
'ORQW$ PROSAGOREUEIN 'ECEI0 TA MEN TWN 'ANDREIWN KALA, TA
TWN DEILWN DE 'AISCRA. KAI "INA DH MH MAKROLOGIA POLLH
TI$ GIGNHTAI PERI= TAUQ' "HMIN "APANTA, "APLW$ 'ESTW TA MEN
'ARETH$ 'ECOMENA YUCH$ 'H= SWMATO$, 'EI=TE 'AUTH$ 'EI=TE TINO$
'EIKONO$, SUMPANTA SCHMATA TE-KAI MELH KALA, TA DE KAKIA$
'AU, 'TOUNANTION "APAN.
KL ^ 'ORQW$ TE PROKALHI0 KAI TAUQ' "HMIN "OUTW$ 'ECEIN
'APOKEKRISQW TA NU*N.
AQ ^ 'ETI DH TODE; POTERON "APANTE$ PASAI$ COREIAI$
<P 655C>
"OMOIW$ CAIROMEN, 'H= POLLOU DEI0:
KL ^ TOU* PANTO$ MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ TI= POT' 'AN4 'OUN LEGOMEN TO PEPLANHKO$ "HMA$ 'EINAI:
POTERON 'OU 'TAUTA 'ESTI KALA "HMIN PASIN, 'H= TA MEN 'AUTA,
'ALL' 'OU DOKEI0 'TAUTA 'EINAI: 'OU-GAR-POU 'EREI2 GE TI$ "W$ POTE
TA TH$ KAKIA$ 'H= 'ARETH$ KALLIONA COREUMATA, 'OUD' "W$ 'AUTO$
MEN CAIREI0 TOI$ TH$ MOCQHRIA$ SCHMASIN, "OI D' 'ALLOI 'ENANTIA\
TAUTH$ MOUSHI TINI; KAITOI LEGOUSIN0 GE "OI PLEISTOI MOUSIKH$
<P 655D>
'ORQOTHTA 'EINAI THN "HDONHN TAI$ YUCAI$ PORIZOUSAN
DUNAMIN. 'ALLA= TOUTO MEN-'OUTE 'ANEKTON 'OUTE "OSION TO
PARAPAN FQEGGESQAI, TODE DE MALLON 'EIKO$ PLANAN "HMA$.
KL ^ TO POI*ON:
AQ ^ 'EPEIDH MIMHMATA TROPWN 'ESTI TA PERI= TA$ COREIA$,
'EN PRAXESI TE PANTODAPAI$ GIGNOMENA KAI TUCAI$, KAI 'HQESI
KAI MIMHSESI DIEXIONTWN0 "EKASTWN, "OI$ MEN 'AN4 PRO$ TROPOU
TA "RHQENTA 'H= MELWIDHQENTA 'H=-KAI "OPWSOUN COREUQENTA, 'H=
<P 655E>
KATA FUSIN 'H= KATA 'EQO$ 'H= KAT' 'AMFO=TERA, TOUTOU$ MEN-KAI
TOUTOI$ CAIREIN TE-KAI 'EPAINEIN 'AUTA KAI PROSAGOREUEIN
KALA 'ANAGKAION, "OI$ D' 'AN4 PARA FUSIN 'H= TROPON 'H= TINA
SUNHQEIAN, 'OUTE CAIREIN DUNATON 'OUTE 'EPAINEIN 'AISCRA TE
PROSAGOREUEIN. "OI$ D' 'AN4 TA MEN TH$ FUSEW$ 'ORQA SUMBAINHI5,
TA DE TH$ SUNHQEIA$ 'ENANTIA, 'H= TA MEN TH$ SUNHQEIA$
'ORQA, TA DE TH$ FUSEW$ 'ENANTIA, "OUTOI DE TAI$ "HDONAI$


<P 656A>
TOU$ 'EPAINOU$ 'ENANTIOU$ PROSAGOREUOUSIN0; "HDEA GAR TOUTWN
"EKASTA 'EINAI FASI0, PONHRA DE, KAI 'ENANTION 'ALLWN "OU$
'OIONTAI FRONEIN 'AISCUNONTAI MEN KINEISQAI TW*I SWMATI TA
TOIAUTA, 'AISCUNONTAI DE 'A\DEIN "W$ 'APOFAINOMENOI KALA META
SPOUDH$, CAIROUSIN0 DE PAR' "AUTOI$.
KL ^ 'ORQOTATA LEGEI$.
AQ ^ MWN-'OUN TI BLABHN 'ESQ' "HNTINA FEREI0 TW*I CAIRONTI
PONHRIA$ 'H= SCHMASIN 'H= MELESIN, 'H= TIN' 'WFELIAN 'AU TOI$
PRO$ 'TANANTIA TA$ "HDONA$ 'APODECOMENOI$:
KL ^ 'EIKO$ GE.
<P 656B>
AQ ^ POTERON 'EIKO$ 'H=-KAI 'ANAGKAION 'TAUTON 'EINAI "OPER
"OTAN TI$ PONHROI$ 'HQESIN SUNWN KAKWN 'ANQRWPWN MH MISHI5,
CAIRHI5 DE 'APODECOMENO$, YEGHI5 DE "W$ 'EN PAIDIA$ MOIRA\, 'ONEIRWTTWN
'AUTOU4 THN MOCQHRIAN: TO=TE "OMOIOUSQAI DHPOU 'ANAGKH
TON CAIRONTA "OPOTEROI$ 'AN4 CAIRHI5, 'EA=N 'A=RA-KAI 'EPAINEIN
'AISCUNHTAI; KAITOI TOU* TOIOUTOU TI= MEIZON 'AGAQON 'H= KAKON
FAIMEN 'AN4 "HMIN 'EK PASH$ 'ANAGKH$ GIGNESQAI:
KL ^ DOKW0 MEN 'OUDEN.
<P 656C>
AQ ^ "OPOU DH NOMOI KALW$ 'EISI-KEIMENOI 'H=-KAI 'EI$ TON
'EPEITA CRONON 'ESONTAI THN PERI= TA$ MOUSA$ PAIDEIAN TE-KAI
PAIDIAN, 'OIOMEQA 'EXESESQAI TOI$ POIHTIKOI$, "OTIPER2 'AN4
'AUTON TON POIHTHN 'EN THI POIHSEI TERPHI5 "RUQMOU 'H= MELOU$
'H= "RHMATO$ 'ECOMENON, TOUTO DIDASKONTA KAI TOU$ TWN 'EUNOMWN
PAIDA$ KAI NEOU$ 'EN TOI$ COROI$, "OTI2 'AN4 TUCHI6 'APERGAZESQAI
PRO$ 'ARETHN 'H= MOCQHRIAN:
KL ^ 'OUTOI-DH TOUTO GE LOGON 'ECEI0; PW*$ GAR 'AN4:
<P 656D>
AQ ^ NU*N DE-GE 'AUTO "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN 'EN PASAI$ TAI$
POLESIN 'EXESTI DRAN, PLHN KAT' 'AIGUPTON.
KL ^ 'EN 'AIGUPTWI DE-DH PW*$ TO TOIOUTON FH=I$
NENOMOQETHSQAI:
AQ ^ QAUMA KAI 'AKOUSAI0. PALAI GAR-DH POTE, "W$ 'EOIKEN0,
'EGNWSQH PAR' 'AUTOI$ "OUTO$ "O LOGO$ "ON TA NU*N LEGOMEN "HMEI$,
"OTI4 KALA MEN SCHMATA, KALA DE MELH DEI METACEIRIZESQAI
TAI$ SUNHQEIAI$ TOU$ 'EN TAI$ POLESIN NEOU$; TAXAMENOI DE
TAUTA, "ATTA 'ESTI KAI "OPOI*' 'ATTA 'APEFHNAN 'EN TOI$ "IEROI$,
<P 656E>
KAI PARA TAUT' 'OUK 'EXHN 'OUTE ZWGRAFOI$, 'OUT' 'ALLOI$ "OSOI
SCHMATA KAI "OPOI*' 'ATTA 'APERGAZONTAI, KAINOTOMEIN 'OUD'
'EPINOEIN 'A=LL' 'ATTA 'H= TA PA=TRIA, 'OUDE NU*N 'EXESTIN, 'OUTE 'EN
TOUTOI$ 'OUTE 'EN MOUSIKHI SUMPASHI. SKOPWN DE "EURHSEI$
'AUTOQI TA MURIOSTON 'ETO$ GEGRAMMENA 'H= TETUPWMENA % 'OUC
"W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN MURIOSTON 'ALL' 'ONTW$ % TWN NU*N DEDHMIOURGHMENWN


<P 657A>
'OUTE TI KALLIONA 'OUT' 'AISCIW, THN 'AUTHN DE TECNHN
'APEIRGASMENA.
KL ^ QAUMASTON LEGEI$.
AQ ^ NOMOQETIKON MEN-'OUN-KAI POLITIKON "UPERBALLONTW$.
'ALL' "E=TERA FAUL' 'AN4 "EUROI$ 'AUTOQI; TOUTO D'-'OUN TO PERI=
MOUSIKHN 'ALHQE$ TE-KAI 'AXION 'ENNOIA$, "OTI4 DUNATON 'A=R' 'H*N
PERI= TWN TOIOUTWN NOMOQETEISQAI BEBAIW$ QARROUNTA MELH
TA THN 'ORQOTHTA FUSEI PARECOMENA. TOUTO DE QEOU 'H= QEIOU
TINO$ 'ANDRO$ 'AN4 'EIH, KAQAPER 'EKEI FASIN0 TA TON POLUN TOUTON
<P 657B>
SESWMENA CRONON MELH TH$ 'ISIDO$ POIHMATA GEGONENAI.
"WSQ', "OPER 'ELEGON, 'EI DUNAITO TI$ "ELEIN 'AUTWN KAI "OPWSOUN
THN 'ORQOTHTA, QARROUNTA CRH 'EI$ NOMON 'AGEIN KAI TAXIN 'AUTA;
"W$ "H TH$ "HDONH$ KAI LUPH$ ZHTHSI$ TOU* KAINHI ZHTEIN 'AEI
MOUSIKHI CRHSQAI SCEDON 'OU MEGALHN TINA DUNAMIN 'ECEI0
PRO$ TO DIAFQEIRAI0 THN KAQIERWQEISAN COREIAN 'EPIKALOUSA0
'ARCAIOTHTA. THN GOUN 'EKEI 'OUDAMW$ 'EOIKE0 DUNATH GEGONENAI
DIAFQEIRAI0, PAN DE 'TOUNANTION.
<P 657C>
KL ^ FAINETAI "OUTW$ 'AN4 TAUTA 'ECEIN 'EK TWN "UPO SOU4 TA
NU*N LECQENTWN5.
AQ ^ 'A*R'-'OUN QARROUNTE$ LEGOMEN THN THI MOUSIKHI KAI THI
PAIDIA*I META COREIA$ CREIAN 'ORQHN 'EINAI TOIWIDE TINI TROPWI:
CAIROMEN "OTAN 'OIWMEQA 'EU PRATTEIN, KAI "OPOTAN CAIRWMEN,
'OIOMEQA 'EU PRATTEIN 'AU: MWN 'OUC "OUTW$:
KL ^ "OUTW MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ KAI-MHN 'EN GE TW*I TOIOUTWI, CAIRONTE$, "HSUCIAN 'OU
DUNAMEQA 'AGEIN.
KL ^ 'ESTI TAUTA.
<P 657D>
AQ ^ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OUC "HMWN "OI MEN NEOI 'AUTOI COREUEIN "ETOIMOI,
TO DE TWN PRESBUTERWN "HMWN 'EKEINOU$ 'AU QEWROUNTE$ DIAGEIN
"HGOUMEQA PREPONTW$, CAIRONTE$ THI 'EKEINWN PAIDIA*I TE-KAI
"EORTASEI, 'EPEIDH TO PAR' "HMIN "HMA$ 'ELAFRON 'EKLEIPEI0 NU*N, "O=
POQOUNTE$ KAI 'ASPAZOMENOI TIQEMEN "OUTW$ 'AGWNA$ TOI$ DUNAMENOI$
"HMA$ "OTI2 MALIST' 'EI$ THN NEOTHTA MNHMHI 'EPEGEIREIN:
KL ^ 'ALHQESTATA.
AQ ^ MWN-'OUN 'OIOMEQA KAI KOMIDHI MATHN TON NU*N LEGOMENON
<P 657E>
LOGON PERI= TWN "EORTAZONTWN0 LEGEIN TOU$ POLLOU$, "OTI4
TOUTON DEI SOFWTATON "HGEISQAI KAI KRINEIN0 NIKAN, "O$4 'AN4
"HMA$ 'EUFRAINESQAI KAI CAIREIN "OTI2 MALISTA 'APERGAZHTAI:
DEI GAR-DH, 'EPEIPER 'AFEIMEQA GE PAIZEIN 'EN TOI$ TOIOUTOI$,
TON PLEISTOU$ KAI MALISTA CAIREIN POIOUNTA, TOUTON MALISTA
TIMASQAI TE-KAI "OPER 'EIPON NUNDH, TA NIKHTHRIA FEREIN.


<P 658A>
'A*R' 'OUK 'ORQW$ LEGETAI TE TOUTO KAI PRATTOIT' 'AN4, 'EI TAUTHI
GIGNOITO:
KL ^ TAC' 'AN4.
AQ ^ 'ALL', 'W* MAKARIE, MH TACU TO TOIOUTON KRINWMEN,
'ALLA= DIAIROUNTE$ 'AUTO KATA MERH SKOPWMEQA TOIWIDE TINI
TROPWI; TI= 'AN4, 'EI POTE TI$ "OUTW$ "APLW$ 'AGWNA QEIH "ONTINOUN,
MHDEN 'AFORISA$ MHTE GUMNIKON MHTE MOUSIKON MHQ' "IPPIKON,
'ALLA= PANTA$ SUNAGAGWN TOU$ 'EN THI POLEI PROEIPOI, QEI$
NIKHTHRIA, TON BOULOMENON "HKEIN 'AGWNIOUMENON "HDONH$ PE=RI
<P 658B>
MONON, "O$4 D' 'AN4 TERYHI6 TOU$ QEATA$ MALISTA, MHDEN 'EPITATTOMENO$
"WITINI TROPWI, NIKHSHI6 DE 'AUTO TOUTO "OTI2 MALISTA
'APERGASAMENO$ KAI KRIQHI TWN 'AGWNISAMENWN "HDISTO$ GEGONENAI % TI=
POT' 'AN4 "HGOUMEQA 'EK TAUTH$ TH$ PRORRHSEW$
SUMBAINEIN:
KL ^ TOU*2 PE=RI LEGEI$:
AQ ^ 'EIKO$ POU TON MEN TINA 'EPIDEIKNUNAI, KAQAPER
"OMHRO$, "RAYWIDIAN, 'ALLON DE KIQARWIDIAN, TON DE TINA TRAGWIDIAN,
TON D' 'AU KWMWIDIAN, 'OU QAUMASTON DE 'EI TI$ KAI
<P 658C>
QAUMATA 'EPIDEIKNU$ MALIST' 'AN4 NIKAN "HGOITO; TOUTWN DH
TOIOUTWN KAI "ETERWN 'AGWNISTWN MURIWN 'ELQONTWN3 'ECOMEN
'EIPEIN TI=$ 'AN4 NIKWI DIKAIW$:
KL ^ 'ATOPON 'HROU; TI=$ GAR 'AN4 'APOKRINOITO SOI4 TOUTO "W$
GNOU$ 'AN4 POTE PRIN 'AKOUSAI0 TE-KAI TWN 'AQLHTWN "EKASTWN
'AUTHKOO$ 'AUTO$ GENESQAI:
AQ ^ TI= 'OUN-DH: BOULESQE0 'EGW SFWIN THN 'ATOPON 'APOKRISIN
TAUTHN 'APOKRINWMAI:
KL ^ TI= MHN:
AQ ^ 'EI MEN-TOINUN TA PANU SMIKRA KRINOI0 PAIDIA, KRINOUSIN2
TON TA QAUMATA 'EPIDEIKNUNTA; 'H*-GAR:
<P 658D>
KL ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ ^ 'EA=N DE-G' "OI MEIZOU$ PAIDE$, TON TA$ KWMWIDIA$;
TRAGWIDIAN DE "AI TE PEPAIDEUMENAI TWN GUNAIKWN KAI TA NEA
MEIRAKIA KAI SCEDON 'ISW$ TO PLHQO$ PANTWN.
KL ^ 'ISW$ DHTA.
AQ ^ "RAYWIDON DE, KALW$ 'ILIADA KAI 'ODUSSEIAN 'H= TI
TWN "HSIODEIWN DIATIQENTA, TAC' 'AN4 "HMEI$ "OI GERONTE$ "HDISTA
'AKOUSANTE$ NIKAN 'AN4 FAIMEN PAMPOLU. TI=$ 'OUN 'ORQW$ 'AN4
NENIKHKW$-'EIH: TOUTO META TOUTO; 'H*-GAR:
KL ^ NAI.
<P 658E>
AQ ^ DHLON "W$ 'EMOIGE KAI "UMIN 'ANAGKAION 'ESTIN FANAI
TOU$ "UPO TWN "HMETERWN "HLIKIWTWN KRIQENTA$ 'ORQW$ 'AN4
NIKAN. TO GAR 'EQO$ "HMIN TWN NU*N DH PAMPOLU DOKEI0 TWN
'EN TAI$ POLESIN "APASAI$ KAI PANTACOU BELTISTON GIGNESQAI.
KL ^ TI= MHN:
AQ ^ SUGCWRW0 DH TO GE TOSOUTON KAI 'EGW TOI$ POLLOI$,
DEIN THN MOUSIKHN "HDONHI KRINESQAI, MH-MENTOI TWN GE 'EPITUCONTWN3,
'ALLA= SCEDON 'EKEINHN 'EINAI MOUSAN KALLISTHN "HTI$
TOU$ BELTISTOU$ KAI "IKANW$ PEPAIDEUMENOU$ TERPEI0, MALISTA


<P 659A>
DE "HTI$ "ENA TON 'ARETHI TE-KAI PAIDEIA\ DIAFERONTA; DIA= TAUTA
DE 'ARETH$ FAMEN DEISQAI TOU$ TOUTWN KRITA$, "OTI4 TH$ TE
'ALLH$ METOCOU$ 'AUTOU$ 'EINAI DEI FRONHSEW$ KAI-DH-KAI TH$
'ANDREIA$. 'OUTE-GAR PARA QEATROU DEI TON GE 'ALHQH KRITHN
KRINEIN0 MANQANONTA, KAI 'EKPLHTTOMENON "UPO QORUBOU TWN
POLLWN KAI TH$ "AUTOU 'APAIDEUSIA$, 'OUT' 'AU GIGNWSKONTA DI'
'ANANDRIAN KAI DEILIAN 'EK 'TAUTOU STOMATO$ "OUPER2 TOU$ QEOU$
<P 659B>
'EPEKALESATO MELLWN KRINEIN0, 'EK TOUTOU YEUDOMENON 'APOFAINESQAI
"RA\QUMW$ THN KRISIN; 'OU-GAR MAQHTH$ 'ALLA= DIDASKALO$,
"W$ GE TO DIKAION, QEATWN MALLON "O KRITH$ KAQIZEI0, KAI 'ENANTIWSOMENO$
TOI$ THN "HDONHN MH PROSHKONTW$ MHDE 'ORQW$
'APODIDOUSI QEATAI$. 'EXHN GAR-DH TW*I PALAIWI TE-KAI "ELLHNIKWI
NOMWI, 'OU7 KAQAPER "O SIKELIKO$ TE-KAI 'ITALIKO$ NOMO$
NU*N, TW*I PLHQEI TWN QEATWN 'EPITREPWN KAI TON NIKWNTA
DIAKRINWN0 CEIROTONIAI$, DIEFQARKE0 MEN TOU$ POIHTA$ 'AUTOU$
<P 659C> %
PRO$ GAR THN TWN KRITWN "HDONHN POIOUSIN0 'OUSAN FAULHN,
"WSTE 'AUTOI 'AUTOU$ "OI QEATAI PAIDEUOUSIN0 % DIEFQARKEN0 D'
'AUTOU4 TOU* QEATROU TA$ "HDONA$; DEON GAR 'AUTOU$ 'AEI BELTIW
TWN "AUTWN 'HQWN 'AKOUONTA$ BELTIW THN "HDONHN 'ISCEIN, NU*N
'AUTOI$ DRWSIN4 PAN 'TOUNANTION SUMBAINEI0. TI= POT' 'OUN "HMIN
TA NU*N 'AU DIAPERANQENTA TW*I LOGWI SHMAINEIN BOULETAI:
SKOPEISQ'3 'EI TODE.
KL ^ TO POI*ON:
AQ ^ DOKEI0 MOI TRITON 'H= TETARTON "O LOGO$ 'EI$ 'TAUTON
<P 659D>
PERIFEROMENO$ "HKEIN, "W$ 'A=RA PAIDEIA MEN 'ESQ' "H PAIDWN
"OLKH TE-KAI 'AGWGH PRO$ TON "UPO TOU* NOMOU LOGON 'ORQON 'EIRHMENON,
KAI TOI$ 'EPIEIKESTATOI$ KAI PRESBUTATOI$ DI' 'EMPEIRIAN
SUNDEDOGMENON "W$ 'ONTW$ 'ORQO$ 'ESTIN; "IN' 'OUN "H YUCH TOU*
PAIDO$ MH 'ENANTIA CAIREIN KAI LUPEISQAI 'EQIZHTAI TW*I NOMWI
KAI TOI$ "UPO TOU* NOMOU PEPEISMENOI$, 'ALLA= SUNEPHTAI
CAIROUSA TE-KAI LUPOUMENH TOI$ 'AUTOI$ TOUTOI$ "OISPER "O
<P 659E>
GERWN, TOUTWN "ENEKA, "A$ 'WIDA$ KALOUMEN0, 'ONTW$ MEN 'EPWIDAI
TAI$ YUCAI$ "AUTAI NU*N GEGONENAI, PRO$ THN TOIAUTHN "HN
LEGOMEN SUMFWNIAN 'ESPOUDASMENAI, DIA= DE TO SPOUDHN MH
DUNASQAI FEREIN TA$ TWN NEWN YUCA$, PAIDIAI TE-KAI 'WIDAI
KALEISQAI0 KAI PRATTESQAI, KAQAPER TOI$ KAMNOUSIN4 TE-KAI
'ASQENW$ 'ISCOUSIN4 TA SWMATA 'EN "HDESI TISIN SITIOI$ KAI


<P 660A>
PWMASI THN CRHSTHN PEIRWNTAI0 TROFHN PROSFEREIN "OI$ MELEI0
TOUTWN, THN DE TWN PONHRWN 'EN 'AHDESIN, "INA THN MEN 'ASPAZWNTAI,
THN DE MISEIN 'ORQW$ 'EQIZWNTAI. 'TAUTON DH-KAI TON
POIHTIKON "O 'ORQO$ NOMOQETH$ 'EN TOI$ KALOI$ "RHMASI KAI
'EPAINETOI$ PEISEI2 TE-KAI 'ANAGKASEI2 MH PEIQWN, TA TWN
SWFRONWN TE-KAI 'ANDREIWN KAI PANTW$ 'AGAQWN 'ANDRWN 'EN
TE "RUQMOI$ SCHMATA KAI 'EN "ARMONIAISIN MELH POIOUNTA 'ORQW$
POIEIN.
<P 660B>
KL ^ NU*N 'OUN "OUTW DOKOUSIN0 SOI4, PRO$ DIO$, 'W* XENE, 'EN
TAI$ 'ALLAI$ POLESI POIEIN: 'EGW MEN-GAR KAQ' "OSON 'AISQANOMAI,
PLHN PAR' "HMIN 'H= PARA LAKEDAIMONIOI$, "A SU NU*N
LEGEI$ 'OUK 'OIDA PRATTOMENA, KAINA DE 'ATTA 'AEI GIGNOMENA
PERI= TE TA$ 'ORCHSEI$ KAI PERI= THN 'ALLHN MOUSIKHN SUMPASAN,
'OUC "UPO NOMWN METABALLOMENA 'ALL' "UPO TINWN 'ATAKTWN
"HDONWN, POLLOU DEOUSWN TWN 'AUTWN 'EINAI KAI KATA 'TAUTA, "W$
<P 660C>
SU KAT' 'AIGUPTON 'AFERMHNEUEI$, 'ALL' 'OUDEPOTE TWN 'AUTWN.
AQ ^ 'ARISTA G', 'W* KLEINIA. 'EI D' 'EDOXA SOI4 "A SU LEGEI$
LEGEIN "W$ NU*N GIGNOMENA, 'OUK 'AN4 QAUMAZOIMI 'EI MH SAFW$
LEGWN "A DIANOOUMAI TOUTO 'EPOIHSA KAI 'EPAQON; 'ALL' "A
BOULOMAI GIGNESQAI PERI= MOUSIKHN, TOIAUT' 'ATTA 'EIPON 'ISW$
"WSTE SOI4 DOXAI0 TAUTA 'EME LEGEIN. LOIDOREIN GAR PRAGMATA
'ANIATA KAI PORRW PROBEBHKOTA "AMARTIA$ 'OUDAMW$ "HDU,
<P 660D>
'ANAGKAION D' 'ENIOTE 'ESTIN. 'EPEIDH DE TAUTA SUNDOKEI0 KAI
SOI4, FERE, FH=I$ PAR' "UMIN KAI TOISDE MALLON 'H= PARA TOI$
'ALLOI$ "ELLHSIN GIGNESQAI TA TOIAUTA:
KL ^ TI= MHN:
AQ ^ TI= D' 'EI KAI PARA TOI$ 'ALLOI$ GIGNOIQ' "OUTW: POTERON
'AUTA KALLIONW$ "OUTW$ 'EINAI FAIMEN 'AN4 'H= KAQAPER NU*N GIGNETAI
GIGNOMENA:
KL ^ POLU POU TO DIAFERON, 'EI KAQAPER PARA TE TOISDE
KAI PAR' "HMIN, KAI 'ETI KAQAPER 'EIPE$ SU NUNDH DEIN 'EINAI,
GIGNOITO.
AQ ^ FERE DH, SUNOMOLOGHSWMEQA TA NU*N. 'ALLO TI PAR'
<P 660E>
"UMIN 'EN PASHI PAIDEIA\ KAI MOUSIKHI TA LEGOMENA 'ESTI TADE:
TOU$ POIHTA$ 'ANAGKAZETE0 LEGEIN "W$ "O MEN 'AGAQO$ 'ANHR
SWFRWN 'WN KAI DIKAIO$ 'EUDAIMWN 'ESTI KAI MAKARIO$, 'EANTE
MEGA$ KAI 'ISCURO$ 'EANTE MIKRO$ KAI 'ASQENH$ 'HI, KAI 'EA=N
PLOUTHI5 KAI MH; 'EA=N DE-'A=RA PLOUTHI51 MEN KINURA1 TE-KAI1 MIDA1
MALLON1, 'HI DE 'ADIKO$, 'AQLIO$ T' 'ESTI KAI 'ANIARW$ ZHI0. KAI
'OUT'9 'AN94 MNHSAIMHN9, FHSIN "UMIN "O POIHTH$, 'EIPER 'ORQW$
LEGEI0, 'OUT'9 'EN9 LOGWI9 'ANDRA9 TIQEIMHN9, "O$4 MH PANTA TA
LEGOMENA KALA META DIKAIOSUNH$ PRATTOI KAI KTWITO, KAI-DH-KAI9


<P 661A>
DHIWN9 TOIOUTO$ 'WN 'OREGOITO9 'EGGUQEN9 "ISTAMENO$9,
'ADIKO$ DE 'WN MHTE TOLMWI1 "ORWN9 FONON9 "AIMATOENTA9 MHTE
NIKWI9 QEWN9 QRHIKION9 BOREHN9, MHTE 'ALLO 'AUTWI MHDEN TWN
LEGOMENWN 'AGAQWN GIGNOITO POTE. TA GAR "UPO TWN POLLWN
LEGOMEN' 'AGAQA 'OUK 'ORQW$ LEGETAI. LEGETAI GAR "W$ 'ARISTON
MEN "UGIAINEIN, DEUTERON DE KALLO$, TRITON DE PLOUTO$, MURIA
DE 'A=LLA 'AGAQA LEGETAI; KAI-GAR 'OXU "ORAN KAI 'AKOUEIN KAI
<P 661B>
PANTA "OSA 'ECETAI TWN 'AISQHSEWN 'EUAISQHTW$ 'ECEIN, 'ETI DE-KAI
TO POIEIN TURANNOUNTA "OTI2 'AN4 'EPIQUMHI5, KAI TO DH TELO$
"APASH$ MAKARIOTHTO$ 'EINAI TO PANTA TAUTA KEKTHMENON 'AQANATON
'EINAI GENOMENON "OTI2 TACISTA. "UMEI$ DE-KAI 'EGW
POU TADE LEGOMEN, "W$ TAUTA 'ESTI SUMPANTA DIKAIOI$ MEN-KAI
"OSIOI$ 'ANDRASIN 'ARISTA KTHMATA, 'ADIKOI$ DE KAKISTA
SUMPANTA, 'ARXAMENA 'APO TH$ "UGIEIA$; KAI-DH-KAI TO "ORAN
<P 661C>
KAI TO 'AKOUEIN KAI 'AISQANESQAI KAI TO PARAPAN ZHN MEGISTON
MEN KAKON TON SUMPANTA CRONON 'AQANATON 'ONTA KAI KEKTHMENON
PANTA TA LEGOMENA 'AGAQA PLHN DIKAIOSUNH$ TE-KAI
'ARETH$ "APASH$, 'ELATTON DE, 'AN2 "W$ 'OLIGISTON "O TOIOUTO$
CRONON 'EPIZWHI5. TAUTA DH LEGEIN, 'OIMAI, TOU$ PAR' "UMIN
POIHTA$, "APER 'EGW, PEISETE4 KAI 'ANAGKASETE4, KAI 'ETI TOUTOI$
"EPOMENOU$ "RUQMOU$ TE-KAI "ARMONIA$ 'APODIDONTA$ PAIDEUEIN
"OUTW TOU$ NEOU$ "HMWN. 'H*-GAR: "ORATE3. 'EGW MEN-GAR LEGW0
<P 661D>
SAFW$ TA MEN KAKA LEGOMENA 'AGAQA TOI$ 'ADIKOI$ 'EINAI,
TOI$ DE DIKAIOI$ KAKA, TA D' 'AGAQA TOI$ MEN 'AGAQOI$ 'ONTW$
'AGAQA, TOI$ DE KAKOI$ KAKA; "OPER 'OUN 'HROMHN, 'A*RA SUMFWNOUMEN
'EGW TE-KAI "UMEI$, 'H= PW*$:
KL ^ TA MEN 'EMOIGE FAINOMEQA PW$, TA D' 'OUDAMW$.
AQ ^ 'A*R'-'OUN "UGIEIAN TE KEKTHMENON KAI PLOUTON KAI
TURANNIDA DIA= TELOU$ % KAI 'ETI PROSTIQHMI "UMIN 'ISCUN DIAFEROUSAN
<P 661E>
KAI 'ANDREIAN MET' 'AQANASIA$, KAI MHDEN 'ALLO 'AUTWI
TWN LEGOMENWN KAKWN 'EINAI GIGNOMENON % 'ADIKIAN DE-KAI "UBRIN
'ECONTA 'EN "AUTWI MONON, TON "OUTW ZWNTA 'ISW$ "UMA$ 'OU PEIQW0
MH 'OUK 'A=RA 'EUDAIMONA 'ALL' 'AQLION GIGNESQAI SAFW$:
KL ^ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
AQ ^ 'EIEN; TI= 'OUN TO META TOUT' 'EIPEIN "HMA$ CREWN:
'ANDREIO$ GAR-DH-KAI 'ISCURO$ KAI KALO$ KAI PLOUSIO$, KAI


<P 662A>
POIW*N "OTIPER2 'EPIQUMOI TON BION "APANTA, 'OUC "UMIN DOKEI0,
'EIPER 'ADIKO$ 'EIH KAI "UBRISTH$, 'EX 'ANAGKH$ 'AISCRW$ 'AN4 ZHN:
'H= TOUTO MEN 'ISW$ 'AN4 SUGCWRHSAITE, TO GE 'AISCRW$:
KL ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ TI= DE: TO KAI KAKW$:
KL ^ 'OUK 'AN4 'ETI TOUQ' "OMOIW$.
AQ ^ TI= DE: TO KAI 'AHDW$ KAI MH SUMFERONTW$ "AUTWI:
KL _ KAI PW*$ 'AN4 TAUTA G' 'ETI SUGCWROIMEN:
<P 662B>
AQ ^ "OPW$: 'EI QEO$ "HMIN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'W* FILOI, DOIH TI$
SUMFWNIAN, "W$ NU*N GE SCEDON 'APA\DOMEN 'AP' 'ALLHLWN. 'EMOI4
GAR-DH FAINETAI TAUTA "OUTW$ 'ANAGKAI*A "W$ 'OUDE, 'W* FILE
KLEINIA, KRHTH NHSO$ SAFW$; KAI NOMOQETH$ 'WN TAUTHI
PEIRWIMHN 'AN4 TOU$ TE POIHTA$ 'ANAGKAZEIN FQEGGESQAI KAI
PANTA$ TOU$ 'EN THI POLEI, ZHMIAN TE 'OLIGOU MEGISTHN 'EPITIQEIHN
'AN4, 'EI TI$ 'EN THI CWRA\ FQEGXAITO "W$ 'EISIN TINE$
<P 662C>
'ANQRWPOI POTE PONHROI MEN, "HDEW$ DE ZWNTE$, 'H= LUSITELOUNTA
MEN 'A=LLA 'ESTI KAI KERDALEA, DIKAIO=TERA DE 'A=LLA, KAI POLL'
'ATT' 'AN4 PARA TA NU*N LEGOMENA "UPO TE KRHTWN KAI LAKEDAIMONIWN,
"W$ 'EOIKE0, KAI-DHPOU-KAI TWN 'ALLWN 'ANQRWPWN,
DIAFORA PEIQOIM' 'AN4 TOU$ POLITA$ MOI FQEGGESQAI. FERE
GAR, 'W* PRO$ DIO$ TE-KAI 'APOLLWNO$, 'W* 'ARISTOI TWN 'ANDRWN,
'EI TOU$ NOMOQETHSANTA$ "UMIN 'AUTOU$ TOUTOU$ 'EROIMEQA QEOU$;
<P 662D>
'A*R' "O DIKAIOTATO$ 'ESTIN BIO$ "HDISTO$, 'H= DU' 'ESTON0 TINE BIW,
"OIN "O MEN "HDISTO$ 'WN TUGCANEI0, DIKAIOTATO$ D' "ETERO$: 'EI DH
DUO FAIEN, 'EROIMEQ' 'AN4 'ISW$ 'AUTOU$ PALIN, 'EIPER 'ORQW$
'EPANERWTWIMEN; POTEROU$ DE 'EUDAIMONESTEROU$ CRH LEGEIN,
TOU$ TON DIKAIOTATON 'H= TOU$ TON "HDISTON DIABIOUNTA$ BION:
'EI MEN-DH FAIEN TOU$ TON "HDISTON, 'ATOPO$ 'AUTWN "O LOGO$
'AN4 GIGNOITO. BOULOMAI DE MOI MH 'EPI QEWN LEGESQAI TO
<P 662E>
TOIOUTON, 'ALL' 'EPI PATERWN KAI NOMOQETWN MALLON, KAI MOI
TA 'EMPROSQEN 'HRWTHMENA PATERA TE-KAI NOMOQETHN 'HRWTHSQW,
"O D' 'EIPETW "W$ "O ZWN TON "HDISTON BION 'ESTIN MAKARIWTATO$;
'EITA META TAUTA 'EGWG' 'AN4 FAIHN; 'W* PATER, 'OUC "W$ 'EUDAIMONESTATA
ME 'EBOULOU ZHN: 'ALL' 'AEI DIAKELEUOMENO$ 'OUDEN
'EPAUOU ZHN ME "W$ DIKAIOTATA. TAUTHI MEN-'OUN "O TIQEMENO$
'EI=TE NOMOQETH$ 'EI=TE-KAI PATHR 'ATOPO$ 'AN4 'OIMAI KAI 'APORO$
FAINOITO TOU* SUMFWNOUNTW$ "EAUTWI LEGEIN; 'EI D' 'AU TON
DIKAIOTATON 'EUDAIMONESTATON 'APOFAINOITO BION 'EINAI, ZHTOI
POU PA$ 'AN4 "O 'AKOUWN, 'OIMAI, TI= POT' 'EN 'AUTWI TO TH$ "HDONH$


<P 663A>
KREITTON 'AGAQON TE-KAI KALON "O NOMO$ 'ENON 'EPAINEI0. TI= GAR-DH
DIKAIWI CWRIZOMENON "HDONH$ 'AGAQON 'AN4 GIGNOITO: FERE,
KLEO$ TE-KAI 'EPAINO$ PRO$ 'ANQRWPWN TE-KAI QEWN 'A*R' 'ESTIN
'AGAQON MEN-KAI KALON, 'AHDE$ DE, DUSKLEIA DE 'TANANTIA:
"HKISTA, 'W* FILE NOMOQETA, FHSOMEN. 'ALLA= TO MHTE TINA
'ADIKEIN MHTE "UPO TINO$ 'ADIKEISQAI MWN 'AHDE$ MEN, 'AGAQON DE
'H= KALON, TA D' "E=TERA "HDEA MEN, 'AISCRA DE-KAI KAKA:
KL ^ KAI PW*$:
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N "O MEN MH CWRIZWN LOGO$ "HDU TE-KAI DIKAION
<P 663B>
KAI 'AGAQON TE-KAI KALON PIQANO$ G', 'EI MHDEN "ETERON, PRO$
TO TINA 'EQELEIN ZHN TON "OSION KAI DIKAION BION, "WSTE NOMOQETHI
GE 'AISCISTO$ LOGWN KAI 'ENANTIWTATO$ "O$4 'AN4 MH FHI5
TAUTA "OUTW$ 'ECEIN; 'OUDEI$ GAR 'AN4 "EKWN 'EQELOI PEIQESQAI
PRATTEIN TOUTO "OTWI MH TO CAIREIN TOU* LUPEISQAI PLEON
"EPETAI. SKOTODINIAN DE TO PORRWQEN "ORWMENON PASIN TE "W$
'EPO$ 'EIPEIN KAI-DH-KAI TOI$ PAISI PARECEI0, NOMOQETH$
'EI MH DOXAN 'EI$ 'TOUNANTION TOUTOU KATASTHSEI2, TO SKOTO$
<P 663C>
'AFELWN, KAI PEISEI2 "AMW$ GE PW$ 'EQESI KAI 'EPAINOI$ KAI
LOGOI$ "W$ 'ESKIAGRAFHMENA TA DI=KAIA 'ESTI KAI 'ADIKA, TA MEN
'ADIKA TW*I TOU* DIKAIOU 'ENANTIW$ FAINOMENA, 'EK MEN 'ADIKOU KAI
KAKOU "EAUTOU QEWROUMENA "HDEA, TA DE DI=KAIA 'AHDESTATA, 'EK DE
DIKAIOU PANTA 'TANANTIA PANTI PRO$ 'AMFO=TERA.
KL ^ FAINETAI.
AQ ^ THN D' 'ALHQEIAN TH$ KRISEW$ POTERAN KURIWTERAN 'EINAI
FWMEN: PO=TERA THN TH$ CEIRONO$ YUCH$ 'H= THN TH$ BELTIONO$:
<P 663D>
KL ^ 'ANAGKAION POU THN TH$ 'AMEINONO$.
AQ ^ 'ANAGKAION 'A=RA TON 'ADIKON BION 'OU MONON 'AISCIW
KAI MOCQHROTERON, 'ALLA=-KAI 'AHDESTERON THI 'ALHQEIA\ TOU*
DIKAIOU TE 'EINAI KAI "OSIOU BIOU.
KL ^ KINDUNEUEI0 KATA GE TON NU*N LOGON, 'W* FILOI.
AQ ^ NOMOQETH$ DE "OU2 TI KAI SMIKRON 'OFELO$, 'EI KAI MH
TOUTO 'H*N "OUTW$ 'ECON, "W$ KAI NU*N 'AUTO "HIRHC' "O LOGO$ 'ECEIN,
'EIPER TI KAI 'ALLO 'ETOLMHSEN 'AN4 'EP' 'AGAQWI YEUDESQAI PRO$
TOU$ NEOU$, 'ESTIN "OTI2 TOUTOU YEUDO$ LUSITELESTERON 'AN4
<P 663E>
'EYEUSATO POTE KAI DUNAMENON MALLON POIEIN MH BIA\ 'ALL'
"EKONTA$ PANTA$ PANTA TA DI=KAIA:
KL ^ KALON MEN "H 'ALHQEIA, 'W* XENE, KAI MONIMON; 'EOIKE0
MHN 'OU "RA\DION 'EINAI PEIQEIN.
AQ ^ 'EIEN; TO MEN TOU* SIDWNIOU MUQOLOGHMA "RA\DION
'EGENETO PEIQEIN, "OUTW$ 'APIQANON 'ON, KAI 'A=LLA MURIA:
KL ^ POI*A:
AQ ^ TO SPARENTWN5 POTE 'ODONTWN "OPLITA$ 'EX 'AUTWN
FUNAI0. KAITOI MEGA G' 'ESTI NOMOQETHI PARADEIGMA TOU*


<P 664A>
PEISEIN "OTI2 'AN4 'EPICEIRHI5 TI$ PEIQEIN TA$ TWN NEWN YUCA$,
"WSTE 'OUDEN 'ALLO 'AUTON DEI SKOPOUNTA 'ANEURISKEIN 'H= TI=
PEISA$ MEGISTON 'AGAQON 'ERGASAITO 'AN4 POLIN, TOUTOU DE
PE=RI PASAN MHCANHN "EURISKEIN "ONTINA POTE TROPON "H TOIAUTH
SUNOIKIA PASA PERI= TOUTWN "EN KAI 'TAUTON "OTI2 MALISTA
FQEGGOIT' 'AEI DIA= BIOU PANTO$ 'EN TE 'WIDAI$ KAI MUQOI$ KAI
LOGOI$. 'EI D'-'OUN 'ALLHI PHI DOKEI0 'H= TAUTHI, PRO$ TAUTA 'OUDEI$
FQONO$ 'AMFISBHTHSAI0 TW*I LOGWI.
<P 664B>
KL ^ 'ALL' 'OU MOI FAINETAI PRO$ GE TAUTA DUNASQAI "HMWN
'AMFISBHTHSAI0 POT' 'AN4 'OUDETERO$.
AQ ^ TO META TOUTO TOINUN 'EMON 'AN4 'EIH LEGEIN. FHMI
GAR "APANTA$ DEIN 'EPA\DEIN TREI$ 'ONTA$ TOU$ COROU$ 'ETI NEAI$
'OUSAI$ TAI$ YUCAI$ KAI "APALAI$ TWN PAIDWN, TA TE 'A=LLA
KALA LEGONTA$ PANTA "OSA DIELHLUQAMEN TE-KAI 'ETI DIELQOIMEN
'AN4, TO DE KEFALAION 'AUTWN TOUTO 'ESTW; TON 'AUTON
"HDISTON TE-KAI 'ARISTON "UPO QEWN BION LEGESQAI FASKONTE$,
<P 664C>
'ALHQESTATA 'EROUMEN2 "AMA, KAI MALLON PEISOMEN "OU$ DEI
PEIQEIN 'H= 'EA=N 'ALLW$ PW$ FQEGGWMEQA LEGONTE$.
KL ^ SUGCWRHTEON "A LEGEI$.
AQ ^ PRWTON MEN-TOINUN "O MOUSWN CORO$ "O PAIDIKO$
'ORQOTAT' 'AN4 'EISIOI PRWTO$ TA TOIAUTA 'EI$ TO MESON 'A\SOMENO$
"APASHI SPOUDHI KAI "OLHI THI POLEI, DEUTERO$ DE "O MECRI TRIAKONTA
'ETWN, TON TE PAIANA 'EPIKALOUMENO$0 MARTURA TWN
LEGOMENWN 'ALHQEIA$ PE=RI KAI TOI$ NEOI$ "ILEWN META PEIQOU$
<P 664D>
GIGNESQAI 'EPEUCOMENO$. DEI DE-DH-KAI 'ETI TRITOU$ TOU$ "UPER
TRIAKONTA 'ETH MECRI TWN "EXHKONTA GEGONOTA$ 'A\DEIN; TOU$
DE META TAUTA % 'OU-GAR 'ETI DUNATOI FEREIN 'WIDA$ % MUQOLOGOU$
PERI= TWN 'AUTWN 'HQWN DIA= QEIA$ FHMH$ KATALELEIFQAI.
KL ^ LEGEI$ DE, 'W* XENE, TI=NA$ TOUTOU$ TOU$ COROU$ TOU$
TRITOU$: 'OU-GAR PANU SUNIEMEN SAFW$ "OTI2 POTE BOULEI
FRAZEIN 'AUTWN PE=RI.
AQ ^ KAI-MHN 'EISIN GE "OUTOI SCEDON "WN CARIN "OI PLEISTOI
TWN 'EMPROSQEN 'ERRHQHSAN LOGWN.
<P 664E>
KL ^ 'OUPW MEMAQHKAMEN, 'ALL' 'ETI SAFESTERON PEIRW5
FRAZEIN.
AQ ^ 'EIPOMEN, 'EI MEMNHMEQA, KAT' 'ARCA$ TWN LOGWN, "W$
"H FUSI$ "APANTWN TWN NEWN DIAPURO$ 'OUSA "HSUCIAN 'OUC "OI=A-TE
'AGEIN 'OUTE KATA TO SWMA 'OUTE KATA THN FWNHN 'EIH,
FQEGGOITO D' 'AEI 'ATAKTW$ KAI PHDWI, TAXEW$ D' 'AISQHSIN
TOUTWN 'AMFOTERWN, TWN 'ALLWN MEN ZWIWN 'OUDEN 'EFAPTOITO,
"H DE 'ANQRWPOU FUSI$ 'ECOI MONH TOUTO; THI DH TH$ KINHSEW$


<P 665A>
TAXEI "RUQMO$ 'ONOMA 'EIH, THI DE 'AU TH$ FWNH$, TOU* TE 'OXEO$
"AMA KAI BAREO$ SUGKERANNUMENWN, "ARMONIA 'ONOMA PROSAGOREUOITO,
COREIA DE TO SUNAMFOTERON KLHQEIH. QEOU$ DE 'EFAMEN
'ELEOUNTA$ "HMA$ SUGCOREUTA$ TE-KAI CORHGOU$ "HMIN DEDWKENAI
TON TE 'APOLLWNA KAI MOUSA$, KAI-DH-KAI TRITON 'EFAMEN,
'EI MEMNHMEQA, DIONUSON.
KL ^ PW*$ D' 'OU MEMNHMEQA:
AQ ^ "O MEN-TOINUN TOU* 'APOLLWNO$ KAI TWN MOUSWN
<P 665B>
CORO$ 'EIRHNTAI, TON DE TRITON KAI TON LOIPON CORON 'ANAGKH
TOU* DIONUSOU LEGESQAI.
KL ^ PW*$ DH: LEGE; MALA GAR 'ATOPO$ GIGNOIT' 'AN4 "W$
GE 'EXAIFNH$ 'AKOUSANTI DIONUSOU PRESBUTWN CORO$, 'EI 'A=RA
"OI "UPER TRIAKONTA KAI PENTHKONTA DE GEGONOTE$ 'ETH MECRI
"EXHKONTA 'AUTWI COREUSOUSIN2.
AQ ^ 'ALHQESTATA MENTOI LEGEI$. LOGOU DH DEI0 PRO$
TAUTA 'OIMAI, "OPHI TOUTO 'EULOGON "OUTW GIGNOMENON 'AN4 GIGNOITO.
KL ^ TI= MHN:
AQ ^ 'A*R'-'OUN "HMIN TA GE 'EMPROSQEN "OMOLOGEITAI:
<P 665C>
KL ^ TOU*2 PE=RI:
AQ ^ TO DEIN PANT' 'ANDRA KAI PAIDA, 'ELEUQERON KAI
DOULON, QHLUN TE-KAI 'ARRENA, KAI "OLHI THI POLEI "OLHN THN
POLIN 'AUTHN "AUTHI 'EPA\DOUSAN MH PAUESQAI POTE TAUTA "A
DIELHLUQAMEN, "AMW$ GE PW$ 'AEI METABALLOMENA KAI PANTW$
PARECOMENA POIKILIAN, "WSTE 'APLHSTIAN 'EINAI TINA TWN
"UMNWN TOI$ 'A\DOUSIN4 KAI "HDONHN.
KL ^ PW*$ D' 'OUC "OMOLOGOIT' 'AN4 DEIN TAUTA "OUTW
PRATTESQAI:
<P 665D>
AQ ^ POU* DH TOUQ' "HMIN TO 'ARISTON TH$ POLEW$, "HLIKIAI$
TE-KAI "AMA FRONHSESIN PIQANWTATON 'ON TWN 'EN THI POLEI,
'A*IDON TA KALLISTA MEGIST' 'AN4 'EXERGAZOITO 'AGAQA: 'H= TOUTO
'ANOHTW$ "OUTW$ 'AFHSOMEN, "O= KURIWTATON 'AN4 'EIH TWN KALLISTWN
TE-KAI 'WFELIMWTATWN 'WIDWN:
KL ^ 'ALLA= 'ADUNATON TO MEQIENAI, "W$ GE TA NU*N LEGOMENA.
AQ ^ PW*$ 'OUN PREPON 'AN4 'EIH TOUTO: "ORATE3 'EI THIDE.
KL ^ PH*I DH:
AQ ^ PA$ POU GIGNOMENO$ PRESBUTERO$ 'OKNOU PRO$ TA$
<P 665E>
'WIDA$ MESTO$, KAI CAIREI0 TE "HTTON PRATTWN TOUTO KAI 'ANAGKH$
GIGNOMENH$ 'AISCUNOIT' 'AN4 MALLON, "OSWI PRESBUTERO$ KAI
SWFRONESTERO$ GIGNETAI, TOSWI MALLON. 'A*R' 'OUC "OUTW$:
KL ^ "OUTW MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EN QEATRWI GE-KAI PANTOIOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ 'A\DEIN
"ESTW$ 'ORQO$ 'ETI MALLON 'AISCUNOIT' 'AN4; KAI TAUTA G' 'EI
KAQAPER "OI PERI= NIKH$ COROI 'AGWNIZOMENOI PEFWNASKHKOTE$
'ISCNOI TE-KAI 'ASITOI 'ANAGKAZOINTO 'A\DEIN "OI TOIOUTOI, PANTAPASIN
POU 'AHDW$ TE-KAI 'AISCUNTHLW$ 'A\DONTE$ 'APROQUMW$
'AN4 TOUT' 'ERGAZOINTO:


<P 666A>
KL ^ 'ANAGKAIOTATA MENTOI LEGEI$.
AQ ^ PW*$ 'OUN 'AUTOU$ PARAMUQHSOMEQA PROQUMOU$ 'EINAI
PRO$ TA$ 'WIDA$: 'A*R' 'OU NOMOQETHSOMEN PRWTON MEN TOU$
PAIDA$ MECRI 'ETWN 'OKTWKAIDEKA TO PARAPAN 'OINOU MH GEUESQAI,
DIDASKONTE$ "W$ 'OU CRH PUR 'EPI PUR 'OCETEUEIN 'EI$ TE
TO SWMA KAI THN YUCHN, PRIN 'EPI TOU$ PONOU$ 'EGCEIREIN
POREUESQAI, THN 'EMMANH 'EULABOUMENOU$ "EXIN TWN NEWN;
META DE TOUTO 'OINOU MEN-DH GEUESQAI TOU* METRIOU MECRI
<P 666B>
TRIAKONTA 'ETWN, MEQH$ DE-KAI POLUOINIA$ TO PARAPAN TON
NEON 'APECESQAI; TETTARAKONTA DE 'EPIBAINONTA 'ETWN, 'EN TOI$
SUSSITIOI$ 'EUWCHQENTA, KALEIN0 TOU$ TE 'ALLOU$ QEOU$ KAI-DH-KAI
DIONUSON PARAKALEIN0 'EI$ THN TWN PRESBUTERWN TELETHN
"AMA KAI PAIDIAN, "HN TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ 'EPIKOURON TH$ TOU* GHRW$
'AUSTHROTHTO$ 'EDWRHSATO TON 'OINON FARMAKON, "WSTE 'ANHBAN
"HMA$, KAI DUSQUMIA$ LHQHI GIGNESQAI MALAKWTERON 'EK
<P 666C>
SKLHROTEROU TO TH$ YUCH$ 'HQO$, KAQAPER 'EI$ PUR SIDHRON
'ENTEQENTA GIGNOMENON, KAI "OUTW$ 'EUPLASTOTERON 'EINAI:
PRWTON MEN-DH DIATEQEI$ "OUTW$ "EKASTO$ 'A*R' 'OUK 'AN4 'EQELOI
PROQUMOTERON GE, "HTTON 'AISCUNOMENO$, 'OUK 'EN POLLOI$ 'ALLA=
'EN METRIOI$, KAI 'OUK 'EN 'ALLOTRIOI$ 'ALL' 'EN 'OIKEIOI$, 'A\DEIN
TE-KAI "O= POLLAKI$ 'EIRHKAMEN 'EPA\DEIN:
KL ^ KAI POLU GE.
AQ ^ 'EI$ MEN-GE TO PROAGEIN TOINUN 'AUTOU$ METECEIN
"HMIN 'WIDH$ "OUTO$ "O TROPO$ 'OUK 'AN4 PANTAPASIN 'ASCHMWN
<P 666D>
GIGNOITO.
KL ^ 'OUDAMW$.
AQ ^ POI=AN DE "HSOUSIN2 "OI 'ANDRE$ FWNHN: 'H= MOUSAN 'H=8
DHLON "OTI4 PREPOUSAN "AUTOI$ DEI GE TINA:
KL ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ ^ TI=$ 'AN4 'OUN PREPOI QEIOI$ 'ANDRASIN: 'A*R' 'AN4 "H TWN
CORWN:
KL ^ "HMEI$ GOUN, 'W* XENE, KAI "OIDE 'OUK 'ALLHN 'AN4 TINA
DUNAIMEQA 'WIDHN 'H= "HN 'EN TOI$ COROI$ 'EMAQOMEN SUNHQEI$
'A\DEIN GENOMENOI.
AQ ^ 'EIKOTW$ GE; 'ONTW$ GAR 'OUK 'EPHBOLOI GEGONATE TH$
<P 666E>
KALLISTH$ 'WIDH$. STRATOPEDOU GAR POLITEIAN 'ECETE0 'ALL'
'OUK 'EN 'ASTESI KATWIKHKOTWN, 'ALL' "OION "AQROOU$ PWLOU$ 'EN
'AGELHI NEMOMENOU$ FORBADA$ TOU$ NEOU$ KEKTHSQE; LABWN
D' "UMWN 'OUDEI$ TON "AUTOU, PARA TWN SUNNOMWN SPASA$
SFO=DRA 'AGRIAINONTA KAI 'AGANAKTOUNTA, "IPPOKOMON TE 'EPESTHSEN
'IDIA\ KAI PAIDEUEI0 YHCWN TE-KAI "HMERWN, KAI PANTA
PROSHKONTA 'APODIDOU$ THI PAIDOTROFIA\ "OQEN 'OU MONON 'AGAQO$


<P 667A>
'AN4 STRATIWTH$ 'EIH, POLIN DE-KAI 'ASTH DUNAMENO$ DIOIKEIN,
"ON DH KAT' 'ARCA$ 'EIPOMEN TWN TURTAIOU POLEMIKWN 'EINAI
POLEMIKWTERON, TETARTON 'ARETH$ 'ALL' 'OU PRWTON THN 'ANDREIAN
KTHMA TIMWNTA 'AEI KAI PANTACOU, 'IDIWTAI$ TE-KAI SUMPASHI
POLEI.
KL ^ 'OUK 'OIDA "HMWN, 'W* XENE, "OPHI PALIN 'AU TOU$ NOMOQETA$
FAULIZEI$.
AQ ^ 'OUK, 'WGAQE, PROSECWN TOUTWI TON NOUN DRW0 TOUTO,
'EIPER; 'ALL' "O LOGO$ "OPHI FEREI0, TAUTHI POREUWMEQA, 'EI BOULESQE0.
'EI GAR 'ECOMEN MOUSAN TH$ TWN CORWN KALLIW KAI
<P 667B>
TH$ 'EN TOI$ KOINOI$ QEATROI$, PEIRWMEQA2 'APODOUNAI0 TOUTOI$
"OU$ FAMEN 'EKEINHN MEN 'AISCUNESQAI, ZHTEIN DE, "HTI$ KALLISTH,
TAUTH$ KOINWNEIN.
KL ^ PANU GE.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N PRWTON MEN DEI TODE GE "UPARCEIN "APASIN
"OSOI$ SUMPAREPETAI TI$ CARI$, 'H= TOUTO 'AUTO MONON 'AUTOU4 TO
SPOUDAIOTATON 'EINAI, 'H= TINA 'ORQOTHTA, 'H= TO TRITON 'WFELIAN:
"OION DH LEGW0 'EDWDHI MEN-KAI POSEI KAI SUMPASHI TROFHI
PAREPESQAI MEN THN CARIN, "HN "HDONHN 'AN4 PROSEIPOIMEN; "HN
<P 667C>
DE 'ORQOTHTA TE-KAI 'WFELIAN, "OPER "UGIEINON TWN PROSFEROMENWN
LEGOMEN "EKASTOTE, TOUT' 'AUTO 'EINAI 'EN 'AUTOI$ KAI TO
'ORQOTATON.
KL ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ KAI-MHN-KAI THI MAQHSEI PARAKOLOUQEIN MEN TO GE
TH$ CARITO$, THN "HDONHN, THN DE 'ORQOTHTA KAI THN 'WFELIAN
KAI TO 'EU KAI TO KALW$ THN 'ALHQEIAN 'EINAI THN 'APOTELOUSAN0.
KL ^ 'ESTIN "OUTW$.
AQ ^ TI= DE THI TWN "OMOIWN 'ERGASIA\ "OSAI TECNAI 'EIKASTIKAI:
<P 667D>
'A*R' 'OUK, 'AN2 TOUTO 'EXERGAZWNTAI, TO MEN "HDONHN 'EN
'AUTOI$ GIGNESQAI PAREPOMENON, 'EA=N GIGNHTAI, CARIN 'AUTO
DIKAIOTATON 'AN4 'EIH PROSAGOREUEIN:
KL ^ NAI.
AQ ^ THN DE-GE 'ORQOTHTA POU TWN TOIOUTWN "H 'ISOTH$
'AN4, "W$ 'EPI TO PAN 'EIPEIN, 'EXERGAZOITO TOU* TE TOSOUTOU KAI
TOU* TOIOUTOU PROTERON, 'ALL' 'OUC "HDONH.
KL ^ KALW$.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N "HDONHI KRINOIT'0 'AN4 MONON 'EKEINO 'ORQW$, "O=
MHTE TINA 'WFELIAN MHTE 'ALHQEIAN MHTE "OMOIOTHTA 'APERGAZOMENON
<P 667E>
PARECETAI, MHD' 'AU GE BLABHN, 'ALL' 'AUTOU4 TOUTOU
MONOU "ENEKA GIGNOITO TOU* SUMPAREPOMENOU TOI$ 'ALLOI$, TH$
CARITO$, "HN DH KALLISTA TI$ 'ONOMASAI4 'AN4 "HDONHN, "OTAN MHDEN
'AUTHI TOUTWN 'EPAKOLOUQHI5:
KL ^ 'ABLABH LEGEI$ "HDONHN MONON.
AQ ^ NAI, KAI PAIDIAN GE 'EINAI THN 'AUTHN TAUTHN LEGW0
TO=TE, "OTAN MHTE TI BLAPTHI5 MHTE 'WFELHI5 SPOUDH$ 'H= LOGOU
'AXION.
KL ^ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
AQ ^ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OU PASAN MIMHSIN FAIMEN 'AN4 'EK TWN NU*N
LEGOMENWN "HKISTA "HDONHI PROSHKEIN KRINESQAI KAI DOXHI MH


<P 668A>
'ALHQEI % KAI-DH-KAI PASAN 'ISOTHTA; 'OU-GAR 'EI TWI DOKEI0 'H=
MH TI$ CAIREI0 TWI, TO GE 'ISON 'ISON 'OUDE TO SUMMETRON 'AN4 'EIH
SUMMETRON "OLW$ % 'ALLA= TW*I 'ALHQEI PANTWN MALISTA, "HKISTA
DE "OTWIOUN 'ALLWI:
KL ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N MOUSIKHN GE PASAN FAMEN 'EIKASTIKHN TE
'EINAI KAI MIMHTIKHN:
KL ^ TI= MHN:
AQ ^ "HKIST' 'A=RA "OTAN TI$ MOUSIKHN "HDONHI FHI5 KRINESQAI,
TOUTON 'APODEKTEON TON LOGON, KAI ZHTHTEON "HKISTA TAUTHN
<P 668B>
"W$ SPOUDAIAN, 'EI TI$ 'A=RA-POU-KAI GIGNOITO, 'ALL' 'EKEINHN THN
'ECOUSAN THN "OMOIOTHTA TW*I TOU* KALOU MIMHMATI.
KL ^ 'ALHQESTATA.
AQ ^ KAI TOUTOI$ DH TOI$ THN KALLISTHN 'WIDHN TE ZHTOUSI4
KAI MOUSAN ZHTHTEON, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'OUC "HTI$ "HDEIA 'ALL' "HTI$
'ORQH; MIMHSEW$ GAR 'H*N, "W$ FAMEN, 'ORQOTH$, 'EI TO MIMHQEN
"OSON TE-KAI "OION 'H*N 'APOTELOITO0.
KL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ ^ KAI-MHN TOUTO GE PA$ 'AN4 "OMOLOGOI PERI= TH$ MOUSIKH$,
"OTI4 PANTA TA PERI= 'AUTHN 'ESTIN POIHMATA MIMHSI$ TE-KAI
<P 668C>
'APEIKASIA; KAI TOUTO GE-MWN 'OUK 'AN4 SUMPANTE$ "OMOLOGOIEN
POIHTAI TE-KAI 'AKROATAI KAI "UPOKRITAI:
KL ^ KAI MALA.
AQ ^ DEI DH KAQ' "EKASTON GE, "W$ 'EOIKE0, GIGNWSKEIN TWN
POIHMATWN "OTI2 POT' 'ESTIN TON MELLONTA 'EN 'AUTWI MH "AMARTHSESQAI;
MH-GAR GIGNWSKWN THN 'OUSIAN, TI= POTE BOULETAI
KAI "OTOU POT' 'ESTIN 'EIKWN 'ONTW$, SCOLHI THN GE 'ORQOTHTA
TH$ BOULHSEW$ 'H=-KAI "AMARTIAN 'AUTOU4 DIAGNWSETAI.
KL ^ SCOLHI; PW*$ D' 'OU=:
<P 668D>
AQ ^ "O DE TO 'ORQW$ MH GIGNWSKWN 'A*R' 'AN4 POTE TO GE
'EU KAI TO KAKW$ DUNATO$ 'EIH DIAGNWNAI0: LEGW0 DE 'OU PANU
SAFW$, 'ALL' "WDE SAFESTERON 'ISW$ 'AN4 LECQEIH.
KL ^ PW*$:
AQ ^ 'EISIN DHPOU KATA THN 'OYIN "HMIN 'APEIKASIAI MURIAI.
KL ^ NAI.
AQ ^ TI= 'OUN 'EI TI$ KAI 'EN TOUTOI$ 'AGNOOI TWN MEMIMHMENWN
"OTI2 POT' 'ESTIN "EKASTON TWN SWMATWN: 'A*R' 'AN4 POTE
TO GE 'ORQW$ 'AUTWN 'EIRGASMENON GNOIH: LEGW0 DE TO TOIONDE,
"OION TOU$ 'ARIQMOU$ TOU* SWMATO$ KAI "EKASTWN TWN MERWN
<P 668E>
TA$ QESEI$ 'EI 'ECEI0, "OSOI TE 'EISIN KAI "OPOI*A PAR' "OPOI*A 'AUTWN
KEIMENA THN PROSHKOUSAN TAXIN 'APEILHFEN0 % KAI 'ETI DH CRWMATA
TE-KAI SCHMATA % 'H= PANTA TAUTA TETARAGMENW$ 'EIRGASTAI;
MWN DOKEI0 TAUT' 'AN4 POTE DIAGNWNAI0 TI$ TO PARAPAN
'AGNOWN "OTI2 POT' 'ESTI TO MEMIMHMENON ZWION:
KL ^ KAI PW*$:
AQ ^ TI= D' 'EI GIGNWSKOIMEN "OTI4 TO GEGRAMMENON 'H= TO
PEPLASMENON 'ESTIN 'ANQRWPO$, KAI TA MERH PANTA TA "EAUTOU


<P 669A>
KAI CRWMATA "AMA KAI SCHMATA 'APEILHFEN0 "UPO TH$ TECNH$:
'A*RA-GE 'ANAGKAION 'HDH TW*I TAUTA GNONTI KAI 'EKEINO "ETOIMW$
GIGNWSKEIN, 'EI=TE KALON 'EI=TE "OPHI POTE 'ELLIPE$ 'AN4 'EIH
KALLOU$:
KL ^ PANTE$ 'MENTAN4 "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN, 'W* XENE, TA KALA
TWN ZWIWN 'EGIGNWSKOMEN.
AQ ^ 'ORQOTATA LEGEI$. 'A*R'-'OUN 'OU PERI= "EKASTHN 'EIKONA,
KAI 'EN GRAFIKHI KAI 'EN MOUSIKHI KAI PANTHI, TON MELLONTA
'EMFRONA KRITHN 'ESESQAI DEI TAUTA TRIA 'ECEIN, "O= TE 'ESTI
<P 669B>
PRWTON GIGNWSKEIN, 'EPEITA "W$ 'ORQW$, 'EPEIQ' "W$ 'EU, TO
TRITON, 'EIRGASTAI TWN 'EIKONWN "HTISOUN "RHMASI TE-KAI MELESI
KAI TOI$ "RUQMOI$:
KL ^ 'EOIKE0 GOUN.
AQ ^ MH-TOINUN 'APEIPWMEN LEGONTE$ TO PERI= THN MOUSIKHN
"HI CALEPON; 'EPEIDH GAR "UMNEITAI PERI= 'AUTHN DIAFERONTW$
'H= TA$ 'ALLA$ 'EIKONA$, 'EULABEIA$ DH DEITAI PLEISTH$
PASWN 'EIKONWN. "AMARTWN TE-GAR TI$ MEGIST' 'AN4 BLAPTOITO,
<P 669C>
'HQH KAKA FILOFRONOUMENO$, CALEPWTATON TE 'AISQESQAI DIA=
TO TOU$ POIHTA$ FAULOTEROU$ 'EINAI POIHTA$ 'AUTWN TWN
MOUSWN. 'OU-GAR 'AN4 'EKEINAI GE 'EXAMARTOIEN POTE TOSOUTON
"WSTE "RHMATA 'ANDRWN POIHSASAI TO CRWMA GUNAIKWN KAI
MELO$ 'APODOUNAI0, KAI MELO$ 'ELEUQERWN 'AU KAI SCHMATA
SUNQEISAI "RUQMOU$ DOULWN KAI 'ANELEUQERWN PROSARMOTTEIN,
'OUD' 'AU "RUQMOU$ KAI SCHMA 'ELEUQERION "UPOQEISAI MELO$ 'H=
LOGON 'ENANTION 'APODOUNAI0 TOI$ "RUQMOI$, 'ETI DE QHRIWN FWNA$
<P 669D>
KAI 'ANQRWPWN KAI 'ORGANWN KAI PANTA$ YOFOU$ 'EI$ 'TAUTON
'OUK 'AN4 POTE SUNQEIEN, "W$ "EN TI MIMOUMENAI; POIHTAI DE
'ANQRWPINOI SFO=DRA TA TOIAUTA 'EMPLEKONTE$ KAI SUGKUKWNTE$
'ALOGW$, GELWT' 'AN4 PARASKEUAZOIEN TWN 'ANQRWPWN "OSOU$
FHSIN 'ORFEU$ LACEIN1 "WRAN1 TH$1 TERYIO$1. TAUTA GE-GAR
"ORWSI0 PANTA KUKWMENA, KAI 'ETI DIASPWSIN0 "OI POIHTAI "RUQMON
MEN-KAI SCHMATA MELOU$ CWRI$, LOGOU$ YILOU$ 'EI$ METRA
<P 669E>
TIQENTE$, MELO$ D' 'AU KAI "RUQMON 'ANEU "RHMATWN, YILHI KIQARISEI
TE-KAI 'AULHSEI PROSCRWMENOI, 'EN "OI$ DH PAGCALEPON
'ANEU LOGOU GIGNOMENON "RUQMON TE-KAI "ARMONIAN GIGNWSKEIN
"OTI2 TE BOULETAI KAI "OTWI 'EOIKE0 TWN 'AXIOLOGWN MIMHMATWN;
'ALLA= "UPOLABEIN 'ANAGKAION "OTI4 TO TOIOUTON GE POLLH$ 'AGROIKIA$
MESTON PAN, "OPOSON TACOU$ TE-KAI 'APTAISIA$ KAI FWNH$
QHRIWDOU$ SFO=DRA FILON "WST' 'AULHSEI GE CRHSQAI KAI


<P 670A>
KIQARISEI PLHN "OSON "UPO 'ORCHSIN TE-KAI 'WIDHN, YILWI D'
"EKATERWI PASA TI$ 'AMOUSIA KAI QAUMATOURGIA GIGNOIT' 'AN4 TH$
CRHSEW$. TAUTA MEN 'ECEI0 TAUTHI LOGON; "HMEI$ DE-GE 'OUC
"OTI2 MH DEI TAI$ MOUSAI$ "HMWN PROSCRHSQAI TOU$ 'HDH TRIAKONTOUTA$
KAI TWN PENTHKONTA PERAN GEGONOTA$ SKOPOUMEQA,
'ALL' "OTI2 POTE DEI. TODE MEN-'OUN 'EK TOUTWN "O LOGO$ "HMIN
DOKEI0 MOI SHMAINEIN 'HDH, TH$ GE CORIKH$ MOUSH$ "OTI4 PEPAIDEUSQAI
<P 670B>
DEI BELTION TOU$ PENTHKONTOUTA$ "OSOISPER 'AN4 'A\DEIN
PROSHKHI5. TWN GAR "RUQMWN KAI TWN "ARMONIWN 'ANAGKAION
'AUTOI$ 'ESTIN 'EUAISQHTW$ 'ECEIN KAI GIGNWSKEIN; 'H= PW*$ TI$
THN 'ORQOTHTA GNWSETAI TWN MELWN, "WI PROSHKEN2 'H= MH PROSHKEN2
TOU* DWRISTI, KAI TOU* "RUQMOU "ON "O POIHTH$ 'AUTWI
PROSHYEN, 'ORQW$ 'H= MH:
KL ^ DHLON "W$ 'OUDAMW$.
AQ ^ GELOIO$ GAR "O GE POLU$ 'OCLO$ "HGOUMENO$ "IKANW$
GIGNWSKEIN TO TE 'EUARMOSTON KAI 'EURUQMON KAI MH, "OSOI
PROSA\DEIN 'AUTWN KAI BAINEIN 'EN "RUQMWI GEGONASI DIHNAGKASMENOI,
<P 670C>
"OTI4 DE DRWSIN0 TAUTA 'AGNOOUNTE$ 'AUTWN "EKASTA, 'OU
SULLOGIZONTAI. TO DE-POU PROSHKONTA MEN 'ECON PAN MELO$
'ORQW$ 'ECEI0, MH PROSHKONTA DE "HMARTHMENW$.
KL ^ 'ANAGKAIOTATA.
AQ ^ TI= 'OUN "O MHD' "OTI2 POT' 'ECEI0 GIGNWSKWN: 'A*RA, "OPER
'EIPOMEN, "W$ 'ORQW$ GE 'AUTO 'ECEI0, GNWSETAI POTE 'EN "OTWIOUN:
KL ^ KAI TI=$ MHCANH:
AQ ^ TOUT' 'OUN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'ANEURISKOMEN 'AU TA NU*N, "OTI4
TOI$ 'WIDOI$ "HMIN, "OU$ NU*N PARAKALOUMEN0 KAI "EKONTA$ TINA
<P 670D>
TROPON 'ANAGKAZOMEN 'A\DEIN, MECRI GE TOSOUTOU PEPAIDEUSQAI
SCEDON 'ANAGKAION, MECRI TOU* DUNATON 'EINAI SUNAKOLOUQEIN
"EKASTON TAI$ TE BASESIN TWN "RUQMWN KAI TAI$ CORDAI$ TAI$
TWN MELWN, "INA KAQORWNTE$ TA$ TE "ARMONIA$ KAI TOU$ "RUQMOU$,
'EKLEGESQAI TE TA PROSHKONTA "OIOI-T'-'WSIN "A TOI$ THLIKOUTOI$ TE-KAI
TOIOUTOI$ 'A\DEIN PREPON, KAI "OUTW$ 'A\DWSIN, KAI 'A\DONTE$ 'AUTOI
TE "HDONA$ TO PARACRHMA 'ASINEI$ "HDWNTAI KAI TOI$ NEWTEROI$
<P 670E>
"HGEMONE$ 'HQWN CRHSTWN 'ASPASMOU PROSHKONTO$ GIGNWNTAI;
MECRI DE TOSOUTOU PAIDEUQENTE$ 'AKRIBESTERAN 'AN4 PAIDEIAN
TH$ 'EPI TO PLHQO$ FEROUSH$ 'EIEN-METAKECEIRISMENOI KAI
TH$ PERI= TOU$ POIHTA$ 'AUTOU$. TO GAR TRITON 'OUDEMIA 'ANAGKH
POIHTHI GIGNWSKEIN, 'EI=TE KALON 'EI=TE MH KALON TO MIMHMA,
TO DE "ARMONIA$ KAI "RUQMOU SCEDON 'ANAGKH, TOI$ DE PANTA
TA TRIA TH$ 'EKLOGH$ "ENEKA TOU* KALLISTOU KAI DEUTEROU, 'H=


<P 671A>
MHDEPOTE "IKANON 'EPWIDON GIGNESQAI NEOI$ PRO$ 'ARETHN. KAI
"OPER "O LOGO$ 'EN 'ARCAI$ 'EBOULHQH, THN TW*I TOU* DIONUSOU
CORWI BOHQEIAN 'EPIDEIXAI0 KALW$ LEGOMENHN, 'EI$ DUNAMIN
'EIRHKEN0; SKOPWMEQA DH 'EI TOUQ' "OUTW GEGONEN0. QORUBWDH$
MEN-POU "O SULLOGO$ "O TOIOUTO$ 'EX 'ANAGKH$ PROIOUSH$ TH$
POSEW$ 'EPI MALLON 'AEI SUMBAINEI0 GIGNOMENO$, "OPER "UPEQEMEQA
KAT' 'ARCA$ 'ANAGKAION 'EINAI GIGNESQAI PERI= TWN NU*N
<P 671B>
LEGOMENWN.
KL ^ 'ANAGKH.
AQ ^ PA$ DE-GE 'AUTO$ "AUTOU KOUFOTERO$ 'AIRETAI KAI
GEGHQEN0 TE-KAI PARRHSIA$ 'EMPIMPLATAI KAI 'ANHKOUSTIA$ 'EN
TW*I TOIOUTWI TWN PELA$, 'ARCWN D' "IKANO$ 'AXIOI0 "EAUTOU TE-KAI
TWN 'ALLWN GEGONENAI.
KL ^ TI= MHN:
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EFAMEN, "OTAN GIGNHTAI TAUTA, KAQAPER TINA
SIDHRON TA$ YUCA$ TWN PINONTWN0 DIAPUROU$ GIGNOMENA$
MALQAKWTERA$ GIGNESQAI KAI NEWTERA$, "WSTE 'EUAGWGOU$
<P 671C>
SUMBAINEIN TW*I DUNAMENWI TE-KAI 'EPISTAMENWI PAIDEUEIN TE-KAI
PLATTEIN, KAQAPER "OT' 'HSAN NEAI: TOUTON D' 'EINAI TON
PLASTHN TON 'AUTON "WSPER TO=TE, TON 'AGAQON NOMOQETHN, "OU2
NOMOU$ 'EINAI DEI SUMPOTIKOU$, DUNAMENOU$ TON 'EUELPIN KAI
QARRALEON 'EKEINON GIGNOMENON KAI 'ANAISCUNTOTERON TOU*
DEONTO$, KAI 'OUK 'EQELONTA TAXIN KAI TO KATA MERO$ SIGH$
KAI LOGOU KAI POSEW$ KAI MOUSH$ "UPOMENEIN0, 'EQELEIN POIEIN
PANTA TOUTOI$ 'TANANTIA, KAI 'EISIONTI TW*I MH KALWI QARREI
<P 671D>
TON KALLISTON DIAMACOMENON FOBON 'EISPEMPEIN "OIOU$-T'-'EINAI
META DIKH$, "ON 'AIDW TE-KAI 'AISCUNHN QEION FOBON
'WNOMAKAMEN:
KL ^ 'ESTIN TAUTA.
AQ ^ TOUTWN DE-GE TWN NOMWN 'EINAI NOMOFULAKA$ KAI
SUNDHMIOURGOU$ 'AUTOI$ TOU$ 'AQORUBOU$ KAI NHFONTA$ TWN
MH NHFONTWN0 STRATHGOU$, "WN DH CWRI$ MEQHI DIAMACESQAI
DEINOTERON 'H= POLEMIOI$ 'EINAI MH META 'ARCONTWN0 'AQORUBWN,
KAI TON 'AU MH DUNAMENON 'EQELEIN PEIQESQAI TOUTOI$ KAI TOI$
<P 671E>
"HGEMOSIN TOI$ TOU* DIONUSOU, TOI$ "UPER "EXHKONTA 'ETH GEGONOSIN,
'ISHN KAI MEIZW THN 'AISCUNHN FEREIN 'H= TON TOI$
TOU* 'AREW$ 'APEIQOUNTA 'ARCOUSIN4.
KL ^ 'ORQW$.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EI GE 'EIH TOIAUTH MEN MEQH, TOIAUTH DE
PAIDIA, MWN 'OUK 'WFELHQENTE$ 'AN4 "OI TOIOUTOI SUMPOTAI KAI
MALLON FILOI 'H= PROTERON 'APALLATTOINTO 'ALLHLWN, 'ALL' 'OUC


<P 672A>
"WSPER TA NU*N 'ECQROI, KATA NOMOU$ DE PASAN THN SUNOUSIAN
SUGGENOMENOI KAI 'AKOLOUQHSANTE$, "OPOTE 'AFHGOINTO "OI
NHFONTE$ TOI$ MH NHFOUSIN4:
KL ^ 'ORQW$, 'EI GE-DH 'EIH TOIAUTH "OIAN NU*N LEGEI$.
AQ ^ MH-TOINUN 'EKEINO G' 'ETI TH$ TOU* DIONUSOU DWREA$
YEGWMEN "APLW$, "W$ 'ESTIN KAKH KAI 'EI$ POLIN 'OUK 'AXI=A
PARADECESQAI. KAI-GAR 'ETI PLEIW TI$ 'AN4 'EPEXELQOI LEGWN;
'EPEI KAI TO MEGISTON 'AGAQON "O= DWREITAI LEGEIN MEN 'OKNO$
'EI$ TOU$ POLLOU$ DIA= TO KAKW$ TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ 'AUTO "UPOLABEIN
<P 672B>
KAI GNWNAI0 LECQEN.
KL ^ TO POI*ON DH:
AQ ^ LOGO$ TI$ "AMA KAI FHMH "UPORREI0 PW$ "W$ "O QEO$
"OUTO$ "UPO TH$ MHTRUA$ "HRA$ DIEFORHQH TH$ YUCH$ THN
GNWMHN, DIO TA$ TE BAKCEIA$ KAI PASAN THN MANIKHN 'EMBALLEI0
COREIAN TIMWROUMENO$; "OQEN KAI TON 'OINON 'EPI TOUT'
'AUTO DEDWRHTAI. 'EGW DE TA MEN TOIAUTA TOI$ 'ASFALE$ "HGOUMENOI$
'EINAI LEGEIN PERI= QEWN 'AFIHMI LEGEIN, TO DE TOSONDE
<P 672C>
'OIDA, "OTI4 PAN ZWION, "OSON 'AUTWI PROSHKEI0 NOUN 'ECEIN TELEWQENTI,
TOUTON KAI TOSOUTON 'OUDEN 'ECON POTE FUETAI; 'EN
TOUTWI DH TW*I CRONWI 'EN "WI MHPW KEKTHTAI THN 'OIKEIAN FRONHSIN,
PAN MAINETAI TE-KAI BOA*I0 'ATAKTW$, KAI "OTAN 'AKTAINWSHI6
"EAUTO TACISTA, 'ATAKTW$ 'AU PHDA*I0. 'ANAMNHSQWMEN DE "OTI4
MOUSIKH$ TE-KAI GUMNASTIKH$ 'EFAMEN 'ARCA$ TAUTA$ 'EINAI.
KL ^ MEMNHMEQA; TI= D' 'OU=:
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI "OTI4 THN "RUQMOU TE-KAI "ARMONIA$ 'AISQHSIN
<P 672D>
TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ "HMIN 'ENDEDWKENAI THN 'ARCHN TAUTHN
'EFAMEN, 'APOLLWNA DE-KAI MOUSA$ KAI DIONUSON QEWN
'AITIOU$ GEGONENAI:
KL ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ ^ KAI-DH-KAI TON 'OINON GE, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "O TWN 'ALLWN
LOGO$, "INA MANWMEN, FHSIN 'EPI TIMWRIA\ THI TWN 'ANQRWPWN
DEDOSQAI; "O DE NU*N LEGOMENO$ "UF' "HMWN FARMAKON 'EPI 'TOUNANTION
FHSIN 'AIDOU$ MEN YUCH$ KTHSEW$ "ENEKA DEDOSQAI,
SWMATO$ DE "UGIEIA$ TE-KAI 'ISCUO$.
KL ^ KALLISTA, 'W* XENE, TON LOGON 'APEMNHMONEUKA$.
<P 672E>
AQ ^ KAI TA MEN-DH TH$ COREIA$ "HMISEA DIAPEPERANQW;
TA D' "HMISEA, "OPW$ 'AN4 'ETI DOKHI5, PERANOUMEN 'H=-KAI
'EASOMEN.
KL ^ POI*A DH LEGEI$, KAI PW*$ "EKA=TERA DIAIRWN:
AQ ^ "OLH MEN-POU COREIA "OLH PAIDEUSI$ 'H*N "HMIN, TOUTOU
D' 'AU TO MEN "RUQMOI TE-KAI "ARMONIAI, TO KATA THN FWNHN.
KL ^ NAI.
AQ ^ TO DE-GE KATA THN TOU* SWMATO$ KINHSIN "RUQMON
MEN KOINON THI TH$ FWNH$ 'EICE KINHSEI, SCHMA DE 'IDION.


<P 673A>
'EKEI DE MELO$ "H TH$ FWNH$ KINHSI$.
KL ^ 'ALHQESTATA.
AQ ^ TA MEN-TOINUN TH$ FWNH$ MECRI TH$ YUCH$ PRO$
'ARETHN PAIDEIA$ 'OUK 'OID' "ONTINA TROPON 'WNOMASAMEN
MOUSIKHN.
KL ^ 'ORQW$ MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ TA DE-GE TOU* SWMATO$, "A PAIZONTWN0 'ORCHSIN 'EIPOMEN,
'EA=N MECRI TH$ TOU* SWMATO$ 'ARETH$ "H TOIAUTH KINHSI$
GIGNHTAI, THN 'ENTECNON 'AGWGHN 'EPI TO TOIOUTON 'AUTOU4
GUMNASTIKHN PROSEIPWMEN.
KL ^ 'ORQOTATA.
<P 673B>
AQ ^ TO DE TH$ MOUSIKH$, "O= NUNDH SCEDON "HMISU DIELHLUQENAI
TH$ COREIA$ 'EIPOMEN KAI DIAPEPERANQAI, KAI NU*N
"OUTW$ 'EIRHSQW; TO D' "HMISU LEGWMEN, 'H= PW*$ KAI PH*I
POIHTEON:
KL ^ 'W* 'ARISTE, KRHSIN KAI LAKEDAIMONIOI$ DIALEGOMENO$,
MOUSIKH$ PE=RI DIELQONTWN3 "HMWN, 'ELLEIPONTWN0 DE GUMNASTIKH$,
TI= POTE 'OIEI SOI4 POTERON "HMWN 'APOKRINEISQAI PRO$
TAUTHN THN 'ERWTHSIN:
AQ ^ 'APOKEKRISQAI 'EGWG' 'AN4 SE FAIHN SCEDON TAUT'
<P 673C>
'EROMENON SAFW$, KAI MANQANW0 "W$ 'ERWTHSI$ 'OUSA "AU=TH
TA NU*N 'APOKRISI$ TE 'ESTIN, "W$ 'EIPON, KAI 'ETI PROSTAXI$
DIAPERANASQAI TA PERI= GUMNASTIKH$.
KL ^ 'ARISQ' "UPELABE$ TE-KAI "OUTW DH POIEI5.
AQ ^ POIHTEON; 'OUDE-GAR PANU CALEPON 'ESTIN 'EIPEIN "UMIN
GE 'AMFOTEROI$ GNWRIMA. POLU GAR 'EN TAUTHI THI TECNHI PLEON
'EMPEIRIA$ 'H= 'EN 'EKEINHI METECETE0.
KL ^ SCEDON 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N 'AU TAUTH$ 'ARCH MEN TH$ PAIDIA$ TO KATA
<P 673D>
FUSIN PHDAN 'EIQISQAI PAN ZWION, TO DE 'ANQRWPINON, "W$
'EFAMEN, 'AISQHSIN LABON TOU* "RUQMOU 'EGENNHSEN TE 'ORCHSIN
KAI 'ETEKEN, TOU* DE MELOU$ "UPOMIMNHISKONTO$ KAI 'EGEIRONTO$
TON "RUQMON, KOINWQENT' 'ALLHLOI$ COREIAN KAI PAIDIAN
'ETEKETHN.
KL ^ 'ALHQESTATA.
AQ ^ KAI TO MEN, FAMEN, 'HDH DIELHLUQAMEN 'AUTOU4, TO DE
PEIRASOMEQA 'EFEXH$ DIELQEIN.
KL ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ 'EPI TOINUN THI TH$ MEQH$ CREIA\ TON KOLOFWNA
<P 673E>
PRWTON 'EPIQWMEN, 'EI KAI SFWIN SUNDOKEI0.
KL ^ POI*ON DH-KAI TI=NA LEGEI$:
AQ ^ 'EI MEN TI$ POLI$ "W$ 'OUSH$ SPOUDH$ TW*I 'EPITHDEUMATI
TW*I NU*N 'EIRHMENWI CRHSETAI META NOMWN KAI TAXEW$,
"W$ TOU* SWFRONEIN "ENEKA MELETHI CRWMENH, KAI TWN 'ALLWN
"HDONWN MH 'AFEXETAI "WSAUTW$ KAI KATA TON 'AUTON LOGON,
TOU* KRATEIN 'AUTWN "ENEKA MHCANWMENH, TOUTON MEN TON
TROPON "APASI TOUTOI$ CRHSTEON; 'EI D' "W$ PAIDIA*I TE-KAI
'EXESTAI TW*I BOULOMENWI KAI "OTAN BOULHTAI KAI MEQ' "WN 'AN4


<P 674A>
BOULHTAI PINEIN MET' 'EPITHDEUMATWN "WNTINWNOUN 'ALLWN, 'OUK
'AN4 TIQEIMHN TAUTHN THN YHFON, "W$ DEI POTE MEQHI CRHSQAI
TAUTHN THN POLIN 'H= TOUTON TON 'ANDRA, 'ALL' 'ETI MALLON TH$
KRHTWN KAI LAKEDAIMONIWN CREIA$ PROSQEIMHN 'AN4 TW*I TWN
KARCHDONIWN NOMWI, MHDEPOTE MHDENA 'EPI STRATOPEDOU GEUESQAI
TOUTOU TOU* PWMATO$, 'ALL' "UDROPOSIAI$ SUGGIGNESQAI
TOUTON TON CRONON "APANTA, KAI KATA POLIN MHTE DOULHN
MHTE DOULON GEUESQAI MHDEPOTE, MHDE 'ARCONTA$ TOUTON TON
<P 674B>
'ENIAUTON "ON 'AN4 'ARCWSIN, MHD' 'AU KUBERNHTA$ MHDE DIKASTA$
'ENERGOU$ 'ONTA$ 'OINOU GEUESQAI TO PARAPAN, MHD' "OSTI$ BOULEUSOMENO$
'EI$ BOULHN 'AXIAN TINA LOGOU SUNERCETAI, MHDE-GE
MEQ' "HMERAN MHDENA TO PARAPAN 'EI MH SWMASKIA$ 'H=
NOSWN "ENEKA, MHD' 'AU NUKTWR "OTAN 'EPINOHI5 TI$ PAIDA$
POIEISQAI 'ANHR 'H=-KAI GUNH. KAI 'A=LLA DE PAMPOLLA 'AN4 TI$
LEGOI 'EN "OI$ TOI$ NOUN TE-KAI NOMON 'ECOUSIN4 'ORQON 'OU POTEO$
<P 674C>
'OINO$; "WSTE KATA TON LOGON TOUTON 'OUD' 'AMPELWNWN 'AN4 POLLWN
DEOI 'OUD' "HITINI POLEI, TAKTA DE TA T' 'A=LL' 'AN4 'EIH GEWRGHMATA
KAI PASA "H DIAITA, KAI-DH TA GE PERI= 'OINON SCEDON
"APANTWN 'EMMETROTATA KAI 'OLIGISTA GIGNOIT' 'AN4. "OUTO$, 'W*
XENOI, "HMIN, 'EI SUNDOKEI0, KOLOFWN 'EPI TW*I PERI= 'OINOU LOGWI
"RHQENTI 'EIRHSQW.
KL ^ KALW$, KAI SUNDOKEI0.


<B NOM3>


<P 676A>
AQ ^ TAUTA MEN-'OUN-DH TAUTHI; POLITEIA$ DE 'ARCHN TI=NA
POTE FWMEN GEGONENAI: MWN 'OUK 'ENQENDE TI$ 'AN4 'AUTHN "RA*ISTA
TE-KAI KALLISTA KATIDOI:
KL ^ PO=QEN:
AQ ^ "OQENPER KAI THN TWN POLEWN 'EPIDOSIN 'EI$ 'ARETHN
METABAINOUSAN "AMA KAI KAKIAN "EKASTOTE QEATEON.
KL ^ LEGEI$ DE PO=QEN:
AQ ^ 'OIMAI MEN 'APO CRONOU MHKOU$ TE-KAI 'APEIRIA$ KAI
<P 676B>
TWN METABOLWN 'EN TW*I TOIOUTWI.
KL ^ PW*$ LEGEI$:
AQ ^ FERE, 'AF' "OU POLEI$ T' 'EISIN KAI 'ANQRWPOI POLITEUOMENOI,
DOKEI$ 'AN4 POTE KATANOHSAI0 CRONOU PLHQO$ "OSON
GEGONEN0:
KL ^ 'OU=KOUN "RA\DION GE 'OUDAMW$.
AQ ^ TO DE-GE "W$ 'APLETON TI KAI 'AMHCANON 'AN4 'EIH:
KL ^ PANU MEN-'OUN TOUTO GE.
AQ ^ MWN-'OUN 'OU MURIAI MEN 'EPI MURIAI$ "HMIN GEGONASI
POLEI$ 'EN TOUTWI TW*I CRONWI, KATA TON 'AUTON DE TOU* PLHQOU$
<P 676C>
LOGON 'OUK 'ELATTOU$ 'EFQARMENAI: PEPOLITEUMENAI D' 'AU PASA$
POLITEIA$ POLLAKI$ "EKASTACOU: KAI TOTE= MEN 'EX 'ELATTONWN
MEIZOU$, TOTE= D' 'EK MEIZONWN 'ELATTOU$, KAI CEIROU$ 'EK
BELTIONWN GEGONASI KAI BELTIOU$ 'EK CEIRONWN:
KL ^ 'ANAGKAION.
AQ ^ TAUTH$ DH PE=RI LABWMEN, 'EI DUNAIMEQA, TH$ METABOLH$
THN 'AITIAN; TACA GAR 'AN4 'ISW$ DEIXEIEN "HMIN THN
PRWTHN TWN POLITEIWN GENESIN KAI METABASIN.
KL ^ 'EU LEGEI$, KAI PROQUMEISQAI DEI, SE MEN "O= DIANOHI0
PERI= 'AUTWN 'APOFAINOMENON, "HMA$ DE SUNEPOMENOU$.


<P 677A>
AQ ^ 'A*R'-'OUN "UMIN "OI PALAIOI LOGOI 'ALHQEIAN 'ECEIN TINA
DOKOUSIN0:
KL ^ POI*OI DH:
AQ ^ TO POLLA$ 'ANQRWPWN FQORA$ GEGONENAI KATAKLUSMOI$
TE-KAI NOSOI$ KAI 'ALLOI$ POLLOI$, 'EN "OI$ BRACU TI
TWN 'ANQRWPWN LEIPESQAI GENO$.
KL ^ PANU MEN-'OUN PIQANON TO TOIOUTON PAN PANTI.
AQ ^ FERE DH, NOHSWMEN MIAN TWN POLLWN TAUTHN THN
TW*I KATAKLUSMWI POTE GENOMENHN.
KL ^ TO POI*ON TI PERI= 'AUTH$ DIANOHQENTE$:
<P 677B>
AQ ^ "W$ "OI TO=TE PERIFUGONTE$ THN FQORAN SCEDON 'OREIOI
TINE$ 'AN4 'EIEN NOMH$, 'EN KORUFAI$ POU SMIKRA ZWPURA TOU*
TWN 'ANQRWPWN DIASESWMENA GENOU$.
KL ^ DHLON.
AQ ^ KAI-DH TOU$ TOIOUTOU$ GE 'ANAGKH POU TWN 'ALLWN
'APEIROU$ 'EINAI TECNWN KAI TWN 'EN TOI$ 'ASTESI PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$
MHCANWN 'EI$ TE PLEONEXIA$ KAI FILONIKIA$ KAI "OPOS'
'A=LLA KAKOURGHMATA PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ 'EPINOOUSIN0.
KL ^ 'EIKO$ GOUN.
<P 677C>
AQ ^ QWMEN DH TA$ 'EN TOI$ PEDIOI$ POLEI$ KAI PRO$
QALATTHI KATOIKOUSA$ 'ARDHN 'EN TW*I TO=TE CRONWI DIAFQEIRESQAI:
KL ^ QWMEN.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N 'ORGANA TE PANTA 'APOLLUSQAI, KAI 'EI TI
TECNH$ 'H*N 'ECOMENON SPOUDAIW$ "HURHMENON 'H= POLITIKH$ 'H=
KAI SOFIA$ TINO$ "ETERA$, PANTA 'ERREIN TAUTA 'EN TW*I TO=TE
CRONWI FHSOMEN: PW*$ GAR 'AN4, 'W* 'ARISTE, 'EI GE 'EMENEN TADE
"OUTW TON PANTA CRONON "W$ NU*N DIAKEKOSMHTAI, KAINON
'ANHURISKETO POTE KAI "OTIOUN:
<P 677D>
KL ^ TOUTO "OTI4 MEN MURIAKI$ MURIA 'ETH DIELANQANEN 'A=RA
TOU$ TO=TE, CILIA DE 'AF' "OU GEGONEN0 'H= DI$ TOSAUTA 'ETH, TA
MEN DAIDALWI KATAFANH GEGONEN0, TA DE 'ORFEI, TA DE
PALAMHDEI, TA DE PERI= MOUSIKHN MARSUA\ KAI 'OLUMPWI,
PERI= LURAN DE 'AMFIONI, TA DE 'A=LLA 'ALLOI$ PAMPOLLA, "W$
'EPO$ 'EIPEIN CQE$ KAI PRWIHN GEGONOTA.
AQ ^ 'ARIST', 'W* KLEINIA, TON FILON "OTI4 PARELIPE$, TON
'ATECNW$ CQE$ GENOMENON.
KL ^ MWN FRAZEI$ 'EPIMENIDHN:
<P 677E>
AQ ^ NAI, TOUTON; POLU GAR "UMIN "UPEREPHDHSE TW*I MHCANHMATI
TOU$ SUMPANTA$, 'W* FILE, "O= LOGWI MEN "HSIODO$
'EMANTEUETO PALAI, TW*I DE 'ERGWI 'EKEINO$ 'APETELESEN, "W$ "UMEI$
FATE0.
KL ^ FAMEN GAR-'OUN.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N "OUTW DH LEGWMEN 'ECEIN TO=TE, "OT' 'EGENETO
"H FQORA, TA PERI= TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ PRAGMATA, MURIAN MEN
TINA FOBERAN 'ERHMIAN, GH$ D' 'AFQONOU PLHQO$ PAMPOLU,
ZWIWN DE TWN 'ALLWN 'ERRONTWN0, BOUKOLI' 'ATTA, KAI 'EI TI POU
'AIGWN PERILEIFQEN 'ETUGCANEN GENO$, SPA=NIA KAI TAUTA


<P 678A>
NEMOUSIN4 'EINAI ZHN TO=TE KAT' 'ARCA$:
KL ^ TI= MHN:
AQ ^ POLEW$ DE-KAI POLITEIA$ PE=RI KAI NOMOQESIA$, "WN
NU*N "O LOGO$ "HMIN PARESTHKEN0, 'A*R' "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN 'OIOMEQA
KAI MNHMHN 'EINAI TO PARAPAN:
KL ^ 'OUDAMW$.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EX 'EKEINWN TWN DIAKEIMENWN "OUTW TA NU*N
GEGONEN0 "HMIN SUMPANTA, POLEI$ TE-KAI POLITEIAI KAI TECNAI
KAI NOMOI, KAI POLLH MEN PONHRIA, POLLH DE-KAI 'ARETH:
KL ^ PW*$ LEGEI$:
<P 678B>
AQ ^ 'A*R' 'OIOMEQA, 'W* QAUMASIE, TOU$ TO=TE, 'APEIROU$ 'ONTA$
POLLWN MEN KALWN TWN KATA TA 'ASTH, POLLWN DE-KAI TWN
'ENANTIWN, TELEOU$ PRO$ 'ARETHN 'H= PRO$ KAKIAN GEGONENAI:
KL ^ KALW$ 'EIPE$, KAI MANQANOMEN "O= LEGEI$.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N PROIONTO$ MEN TOU* CRONOU, PLHQUONTO$ D'
"HMWN TOU* GENOU$, 'EI$ PANTA TA NU*N KAQESTHKOTA PROELHLUQEN0
PANTA:
KL ^ 'ORQOTATA.
AQ ^ 'OUK 'EXAIFNH$ GE, "W$ 'EIKO$, KATA SMIKRON DE 'EN
PAMPOLLWI TINI CRONWI.
<P 678C>
KL ^ KAI MALA PREPEI0 TOUQ' "OUTW$.
AQ ^ 'EK GAR TWN "UYHLWN 'EI$ TA PEDIA KATABAINEIN,
'OIMAI, PASIN FOBO$ 'ENAULO$ 'EGEGONEI.
KL ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
AQ ^ 'A*R' 'OUC "ASMENOI MEN "EAUTOU$ "EWRWN DI' 'OLIGOTHTA
'EN TOI$ PERI= 'EKEINON TON CRONON, POREIA DE, "WST' 'EP' 'ALLHLOU$
TO=TE POREUESQAI KATA GHN 'H= KATA QALATTAN, SUN TAI$
TECNAI$ "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN PANTA SCEDON 'APWLWLEI: SUMMISGEIN
'OUN 'ALLHLOI$ 'OUK 'H*N 'OIMAI SFO=DRA DUNATON; SIDHRO$ GAR-KAI
<P 678D>
CALKO$ KAI PANTA TA METALLEIA SUGKECUMENA 'HFANISTO,
"WSTE 'APORIA PASA 'H*N TOU* 'ANAKAQAIRESQAI TA TOIAUTA, DRUOTOMIA$
TE 'EICON SPANIN. 'EI GAR-POU TI KAI PERIGEGONO$-'H*N
'ORGANON 'EN 'ORESI, TAUTA MEN TACU KATATRIBENTA 'HFANISTO,
'A=LLA DE 'OUK 'EMELLEN GENHSESQAI, PRIN PALIN "H TWN METALLEWN
'AFIKOITO 'EI$ 'ANQRWPOU$ TECNH.
KL ^ PW*$ GAR 'AN4:
AQ ^ GENEAI$ DH PO=SAI$ "USTERON 'OIOMEQA TOUQ' "OUTW$
GEGONENAI:
<P 678E>
KL ^ DHLON "OTI4 PAMPOLLAI$ TISIN.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TECNAI, "OSAIPER SIDHROU DEONTAI KAI
CALKOU KAI TWN TOIOUTWN "APANTWN, TON 'AUTON CRONON KAI
'ETI PLEIONA 'HFANISMENAI 'AN4 'EIEN 'EN TW*I TO=TE:
KL ^ TI= MHN:
AQ ^ KAI-TOINUN STASI$ "AMA KAI POLEMO$ 'APWLWLEI KATA
TON TO=TE CRONON POLLACHI.
KL ^ PW*$:
AQ ^ PRWTON MEN 'HGAPWN KAI 'EFILOFRONOUNTO 'ALLHLOU$
DI' 'ERHMIAN, 'EPEITA 'OU PERIMACHTO$ 'H*N 'AUTOI$ "H TROFH.


<P 679A>
NOMH$ GAR 'OUK 'H*N SPANI$, 'EI MH TISIN KAT' 'ARCA$ 'ISW$, "HI
DH TO PLEISTON DIEZWN 'EN TW*I TO=TE CRONWI; GALAKTO$ GAR-KAI
KREWN 'OUDAMW$ 'ENDEEI$ 'HSAN, 'ETI DE QHREUONTE$ 'OU
FAULHN 'OUD' 'OLIGHN TROFHN PAREICONTO. KAI-MHN 'AMPECONH$
GE-KAI STRWMNH$ KAI 'OIKHSEWN KAI SKEUWN 'EMPURWN
TE-KAI 'APURWN 'HUPOROUN; "AI PLASTIKAI GAR-KAI "OSAI PLEKTIKAI
TWN TECNWN 'OUDE "EN PROSDEONTAI SIDHROU, TAUTA DE
<P 679B>
PANTA TOUTW TW TECNA QEO$ 'EDWKE PORIZEIN TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$,
"IN' "OPOTE 'EI$ THN TOIAUTHN 'APORIAN 'ELQOIEN, 'ECOI BLASTHN
KAI 'EPIDOSIN TO TWN 'ANQRWPWN GENO$. PENHTE$ MEN-DH DIA=
TO TOIOUTON SFO=DRA 'OUK 'HSAN, 'OUD' "UPO PENIA$ 'ANAGKAZOMENOI
DIAFOROI "EAUTOI$ 'EGIGNONTO; PLOUSIOI D' 'OUK 'AN4 POTE
'EGENONTO 'ACRUSOI TE-KAI 'ANARGUROI 'ONTE$, "O= TO=TE 'EN 'EKEINOI$
PARHN. "HI D' 'AN4 POTE SUNOIKIA\ MHTE PLOUTO$ SUNOIKHI5 MHTE
PENIA, SCEDON 'EN TAUTHI GENNAIOTATA 'HQH GIGNOIT' 'AN4; 'OUTE-GAR
<P 679C>
"UBRI$ 'OUT' 'ADIKIA, ZHLOI TE 'AU KAI FQONOI 'OUK 'EGGIGNONTAI.
'AGAQOI MEN-DH DIA= TAUTA TE 'HSAN KAI DIA= THN
LEGOMENHN 'EUHQEIAN; "A GAR 'HKOUON KALA KAI 'AISCRA, 'EUHQEI$
'ONTE$ "HGOUNTO 'ALHQESTATA LEGESQAI KAI 'EPEIQONTO. YEUDO$
GAR "UPONOEIN 'OUDEI$ 'HPISTATO DIA= SOFIAN, "WSPER TA NU*N
'ALLA= PERI= QEWN TE-KAI 'ANQRWPWN TA LEGOMENA 'ALHQH NOMIZONTE$
'EZWN KATA TAUTA; DIOPER 'HSAN TOIOUTOI PANTAPASIN
"OIOU$ 'AUTOU$ "HMEI$ 'ARTI DIELHLUQAMEN.
<P 679D>
KL ^ 'EMOI4 GOUN-DH-KAI TWIDE "OUTW$ TAUTA SUNDOKEI0.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EIPWMEN "OTI4 GENEAI DIABIOUSAI POLLAI TOUTON
TON TROPON TWN PRO KATAKLUSMOU GEGONOTWN KAI TWN NU*N
'ATECNOTEROI MEN-KAI 'AMAQESTEROI PRO$ TE TA$ 'ALLA$ MELLOUSIN0
'EINAI TECNA$ KAI PRO$ TA$ POLEMIKA$, "OSAI TE PEZAI
KAI "OSAI KATA QALATTAN GIGNONTAI TA NU*N, KAI "OSAI DH KATA
POLIN MONON 'AUTOU2, DIKAI KAI STASEI$ LEGOMENAI, LOGOI$
<P 679E>
'ERGOI$ TE MEMHCANHMENAI PASA$ MHCANA$ 'EI$ TO KAKOURGEIN
TE 'ALLHLOU$ KAI 'ADIKEIN, 'EUHQESTEROI DE-KAI 'ANDREIOTEROI
KAI "AMA SWFRONESTEROI KAI SUMPANTA DIKAIOTEROI: TO DE
TOUTWN 'AITION 'HDH DIELHLUQAMEN.
KL ^ 'ORQW$ LEGEI$.
AQ ^ LELECQW DH TAUTA "HMIN KAI TA TOUTOI$ SUNEPOMENA
'ETI PANTA 'EIRHSQW TOUD' "ENEKA, "INA NOHSWMEN TOI$ TO=TE


<P 680A>
NOMWN TI=$ POT' 'H*N CREIA KAI TI=$ 'H*N NOMOQETH$ 'AUTOI$.
KL ^ KAI KALW$ GE 'EIRHKA$.
AQ ^ 'A*R'-'OUN 'EKEINOI MEN-'OUT' 'EDEONTO NOMOQETWN 'OUTE
PW 'EFILEI KATA TOUTOU$ TOU$ CRONOU$ GIGNESQAI TO TOIOUTON:
'OUDE-GAR GRAMMATA 'ESTI PW TOI$ 'EN TOUTWI TW*I MEREI TH$
PERIODOU GEGONOSIN, 'ALL' 'EQESI KAI TOI$ LEGOMENOI$ PATRIOI$
NOMOI$ "EPOMENOI ZWSIN0.
KL ^ 'EIKO$ GOUN.
AQ ^ POLITEIA$ DE-GE 'HDH KAI TROPO$ 'ESTIN TI$ "OUTO$.
KL ^ TI=$:
<P 680B>
AQ ^ DOKOUSI0 MOI PANTE$ THN 'EN TOUTWI TW*I CRONWI POLITEIAN
DUNASTEIAN KALEIN0, "H=4 KAI NU*N 'ETI POLLACOU KAI 'EN
"ELLHSI KAI KATA BARBAROU$ 'ESTIN; LEGEI0 D' 'AUTHN POU-KAI
"OMHRO$ GEGONENAI PERI= THN TWN KUKLWPWN 'OIKHSIN, 'EIPWN %
TOISIN9 D'9-'OUT'9 'AGORAI9 BOULHFOROI9 'OUTE9 QEMISTE$9,
'ALL'9 "OI9 G'9 "UYHLWN9 'OREWN9 NAIOUSI90 KARHNA9
'EN9 SPESSI9 GLAFUROISI9, QEMISTEUEI90 DE9 "EKASTO$9
<P 680C>
PAIDWN9 'HD'9 'ALOCWN9, 'OUD'9 'ALLHLWN9 'ALEGOUSIN90.
KL ^ 'EOIKEN0 GE "O POIHTH$ "UMIN "OUTO$ GEGONENAI CARIEI$.
KAI-GAR-DH-KAI 'A=LLA 'AUTOU4 DIELHLUQAMEN MAL' 'ASTEI*A, 'OU-MHN
POLLA GE; 'OU-GAR SFO=DRA CRWMEQA0 "OI KRHTE$ TOI$
XENIKOI$ POIHMASIN.
ME ^ "HMEI$ D' 'AU CRWMEQA0 MEN, KAI 'EOIKEN0 GE KRATEIN
TWN TOIOUTWN POIHTWN, 'OU-MENTOI LAKWNIKON GE-'ALLA= TINA
<P 680D>
MALLON 'IWNIKON BION DIEXERCETAI "EKASTOTE. NU*N MHN 'EU
TW*I SWI LOGWI 'EOIKE0 MARTUREIN, TO 'ARCAION 'AUTWN 'EPI THN
'AGRIOTHTA DIA= MUQOLOGIA$ 'EPANENEGKWN.
AQ ^ NAI; SUMMARTUREI0 GAR, KAI LABWMEN GE 'AUTON MHNUTHN
"OTI4 TOIAUTAI POLITEIAI GIGNONTAI POTE.
KL ^ KALW$.
AQ ^ MWN-'OUN 'OUK 'EK TOUTWN TWN KATA MIAN 'OIKHSIN KAI
KATA GENO$ DIESPARMENWN "UPO 'APORIA$ TH$ 'EN TAI$ FQORAI$,
<P 680E>
'EN "AI$ TO PRESBUTATON 'ARCEI0 DIA= TO THN 'ARCHN 'AUTOI$ 'EK
PATRO$ KAI MHTRO$ GEGONENAI, "OI$ "EPOMENOI KAQAPER 'ORNIQE$
'AGELHN MIAN POIHSOUSI2, PATRONOMOUMENOI KAI BASILEIAN
PASWN DIKAIOTATHN BASILEUOMENOI:
KL ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ META DE TAUTA GE 'EI$ TO KOINON MEIZOU$ POIOUNTE$
POLEI$ PLEIOU$ SUNERCONTAI, KAI 'EPI GEWRGIA$ TA$ 'EN TAI$


<P 681A>
"UPWREIAI$ TREPONTAI PRWTA$, PERIBOLOU$ TE "AIMASIWDEI$ TINA$
TEICWN 'ERUMATA TWN QHRIWN "ENEKA POIOUNTAI, MIAN 'OIKIAN 'AU
KOINHN KAI MEGALHN 'APOTELOUNTE$0.
KL ^ TO GOUN 'EIKO$ TAUQ' "OUTW$ GIGNESQAI.
AQ ^ TI= DE: TODE 'A*RA 'OUK 'EIKO$:
KL ^ TO POI*ON:
AQ ^ TWN 'OIKHSEWN TOUTWN MEIZONWN 'AUXANOMENWN 'EK
TWN 'ELATTONWN KAI PRWTWN, "EKASTHN TWN SMIKRWN PAREINAI
KATA GENO$ 'ECOUSAN TON TE PRESBUTATON 'ARCONTA KAI "AUTH$
<P 681B>
'EQH 'ATTA 'I=DIA DIA= TO CWRI$ 'ALLHLWN 'OIKEIN, "E=TERA 'AF'
"ETERWN 'ONTWN0 TWN GENNHTORWN TE-KAI QREYANTWN0, "A 'EIQISQHSAN
PERI= QEOU$ TE-KAI "EAUTOU$, KOSMIWTERWN MEN KOSMIW=TERA
KAI 'ANDRIKWN 'ANDRIKW=TERA, KAI KATA TROPON "OUTW$
"EKASTOU$ TA$ "AUTWN 'AN4 "AIRESEI$ 'EI$ TOU$ PAIDA$ 'APOTUPOUMENOU$
KAI PAIDWN PAIDA$, "O= LEGOMEN, "HKEIN 'ECONTA$ 'IDIOU$
NOMOU$ 'EI$ THN MEIZONA SUNOIKIAN.
KL ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
<P 681C>
AQ ^ KAI-MHN TOU$ GE "AUTWN NOMOU$ 'ARESKEIN "EKASTOI$
'ANAGKAION POU, TOU$ DE TWN 'ALLWN "USTEROU$.
KL ^ "OUTW$.
AQ ^ 'ARCHI DH NOMOQESIA$ "OION 'EMBANTE$ 'ELAQOMEN, "W$
'EOIKEN0.
KL ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ TO GOUN META TAUTA 'ANAGKAION "AIREISQAI TOU$
SUNELQONTA$ TOUTOU$ KOINOU$ TINA$ "EAUTWN, "OI=4 DH TA PANTWN
'IDONTE$ NOMIMA, TA SFISIN 'ARESKONTA 'AUTWN MALISTA 'EI$
TO KOINON TOI$ "HGEMOSI KAI 'AGAGOUSI TOU$ DHMOU$ "OION
<P 681D>
BASILEUSI FANERA DEIXANTE$ "ELESQAI TE DONTE$, 'AUTOI MEN
NOMOQETAI KLHQHSONTAI, TOU$ DE 'ARCONTA$ KATASTHSANTE$,
'ARISTOKRATIAN TINA 'EK TWN DUNASTEIWN POIHSANTE$ 'H=-KAI
TINA BASILEIAN, 'EN TAUTHI THI METABOLHI TH$ POLITEIA$
'OIKHSOUSIN2.
KL ^ 'EFEXH$ GOUN 'AN4 "OUTW TE-KAI TAUTHI GIGNOITO.
AQ ^ TRITON TOINUN 'EIPWMEN 'ETI POLITEIA$ SCHMA GIGNOMENON,
'EN "WI DH PANTA 'EIDH KAI PAQHMATA POLITEIWN KAI "AMA
POLEWN SUMPIPTEI0 GIGNESQAI.
KL ^ TO POI*ON DH TOUTO:
<P 681E>
AQ ^ "O= META TO DEUTERON KAI "OMHRO$ 'EPESHMHNATO,
LEGWN TO TRITON "OUTW GEGONENAI. KTISSE9 DE9 DARDANIHN9
GAR-POU FHSIN, 'EPEI9 'OUPW9 'ILIO$9 "IRH9
'EN9 PEDIWI9 PEPOLISTO9, POLI$9 MEROPWN9 'ANQRWPWN9,
'ALL'9 'EQ'9 "UPWREIA$9 'WIKOUN1 POLUPIDAKOU1 'IDH$9.


<P 682A>
LEGEI0 GAR-DH TAUTA TA 'EPH KAI 'EKEINA, "A PERI= TWN KUKLWPWN
'EIRHKEN0, KATA QEON PW$ 'EIRHMENA KAI KATA FUSIN;
QEION GAR-'OUN-DH-KAI TO POIHTIKON 'ENQEASTIKON 'ON GENO$
"UMNWIDOUN, POLLWN TWN KAT' 'ALHQEIAN GIGNOMENWN SUN TISIN
CARISIN KAI MOUSAI$ 'EFAPTETAI "EKASTOTE.
KL ^ KAI MALA.
AQ ^ 'EI$ DH TO PROSQEN PROELQWMEN 'ETI TOU* NU*N 'EPELQONTO$
"HMIN MUQOU; TACA GAR 'AN4 SHMHNEIE TI TH$ "HMETERA$
PERI= BOULHSEW$. 'OUKOU*N CRH:
<P 682B>
KL ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ KATWIKISQH DH, FAMEN, 'EK TWN "UYHLWN 'EI$ MEGA
TE-KAI KALON PEDION 'ILION, 'EPI LOFON TINA 'OUC "UYHLON
KAI 'ECONTA POTAMOU$ POLLOU$ 'ANWQEN 'EK TH$ 'IDH$
"WRMHMENOU$.
KL ^ FASI0 GOUN.
AQ ^ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OUK 'EN POLLOI$ TISI CRONOI$ TOI$ META TON
KATAKLUSMON TOUTO 'OIOMEQA GEGONENAI:
KL ^ PW*$ D' 'OUK 'EN POLLOI$:
AQ ^ DEINH GOUN 'EOIKEN0 'AUTOI$ LHQH TO=TE PAREINAI TH$
<P 682C>
NU*N LEGOMENH$ FQORA$, "OQ' "OUTW$ "UPO POTAMOU$ POLLOU$
KAI 'EK TWN "UYHLWN "REONTA$ POLIN "UPEQESAN, PISTEUSANTE$
'OU SFO=DRA "UYHLOI$ TISIN LOFOI$.
KL ^ DHLON 'OUN "W$ PANTAPASI TINA7 MAKRON 'APEICON
CRONON TOU* TOIOUTOU PAQOU$.
AQ ^ KAI 'ALLAI GE 'OIMAI POLEI$ TO=TE KATWIKOUN 'HDH
POLLAI, PLHQUONTWN0 TWN 'ANQRWPWN.
KL ^ TI= MHN:
AQ ^ "AI=4 GE-POU-KAI 'EPESTRATEUSANTO 'AUTHI, KAI KATA QALATTAN
DE 'ISW$, 'AFOBW$ 'HDH PANTWN CRWMENWN THI QALATTHI.
<P 682D>
KL ^ FAINETAI.
AQ ^ DEKA D' 'ETH POU MEINANTE$ 'ACAIOI THN TROIAN
'ANASTATON 'EPOIHSAN.
KL ^ KAI MALA.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EN TOUTWI TW*I CRONWI, 'ONTI DEKETEI, "ON TO
'ILION 'EPOLIORKEITO, TA TWN POLIORKOUNTWN0 "EKASTWN 'OIKOI
KAKA POLLA SUNEBAINEN GIGNOMENA PERI= TA$ STASEI$ TWN
NEWN, "OI=4 KAI 'AFIKOMENOU$ TOU$ STRATIWTA$ 'EI$ TA$ "AUTWN
POLEI$ TE-KAI 'OIKIA$ 'OU KALW$ 'OUD' 'EN DIKHI "UPEDEXANTO,
<P 682E>
'ALL' "WSTE QANATOU$ TE-KAI SFAGA$ KAI FUGA$ GENESQAI
PAMPOLLA$; "OI=4 PALIN 'EKPESONTE$ KATHLQON METABALONTE$
'ONOMA, DWRIH$ 'ANT' 'ACAIWN KLHQENTE$ DIA= TO TON SULLEXANTA
'EINAI TA$ TO=TE FUGA$ DWRIA. KAI-DH TAUTA GE 'HDH
PANQ' "UMEI$, 'W* LAKEDAIMONIOI, 'TANTEUQEN MUQOLOGEITE0 TE-KAI
DIAPERAINETE0.
ME ^ TI= MHN:
AQ ^ "OQEN DH KAT' 'ARCA$ 'EXETRAPOMEQA PERI= NOMWN DIALEGOMENOI,
PERIPESONTE$ MOUSIKHI TE-KAI TAI$ MEQAI$, NU*N
'EPI TA 'AUTA PALIN 'AFIGMEQA "WSPER KATA QEON, KAI "O LOGO$
"HMIN "OION LABHN 'APODIDWSIN; "HKEI0 GAR 'EPI THN 'EI$ LAKEDAIMONA


<P 683A>
KATOIKISIN 'AUTHN, "HN "UMEI$ 'ORQW$ 'EFATE KATOIKEISQAI
KAI KRHTHN "W$ 'ADELFOI$ NOMOI$. NU*N 'OUN-DH TOSONDE
PLEONEKTOUMEN THI PLANHI TOU* LOGOU, DIA= POLITEIWN TINWN
KAI KATOIKISMWN DIEXELQONTE$; 'EQEASAMEQA PRWTHN TE-KAI
DEUTERAN KAI TRITHN POLIN, 'ALLHLWN, "W$ 'OIOMEQA, TAI$
KATOIKISESIN 'ECOMENA$ 'EN CRONOU TINO$ MHKESIN 'APLETOI$,
NU*N DE-DH TETARTH TI$ "HMIN "AU=TH POLI$, 'EI DE BOULESQE0,
'EQNO$ "HKEI0 KATOIKIZOMENON TE POTE KAI NU*N KATWIKISMENON.
<P 683B>
'EX "WN "APANTWN 'EI TI SUNEINAI0 DUNAMEQA TI= TE KALW$ 'H= MH
KATWIKISQH, KAI POI*OI NOMOI SWIZOUSIN0 'AUTWN TA SWIZOMENA
KAI POI*OI FQEIROUSI0 TA FQEIROMENA, KAI 'ANTI POI=WN POI*A
METATEQENTA 'EUDAIMONA POLIN 'APERGAZOIT' 'AN4, 'W* MEGILLE
TE-KAI KLEINIA, TAUTA DH PALIN "OION 'EX 'ARCH$ "HMIN LEKTEON,
'EI MH TI TOI$ 'EIRHMENOI$ 'EGKALOUMEN0 LOGOI$.
ME ^ 'EI GOUN, 'W* XENE, TI$ "HMIN "UPOSCOITO QEO$ "W$, 'EA=N
<P 683C>
'EPICEIRHSWMEN TO DEUTERON THI TH$ NOMOQESIA$ SKEYEI, TWN
NU*N 'EIRHMENWN LOGWN 'OU CEIROU$ 'OUD' 'ELATTOU$ 'AKOUSOMEQA,
MAKRAN 'AN4 'ELQOIMI 'EGWGE, KAI MOI BRACEI' 'AN4 DOXEIEN "H NU*N
PAROUSA "HMERA GIGNESQAI. KAITOI SCEDON G' 'ESTIN "H 'EK
QERINWN 'EI$ TA CEIMERINA TOU* QEOU TREPOMENOU.
AQ ^ CRH DH TAUTA, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, SKOPEIN.
ME ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ GENWMEQA DH TAI$ DIANOIAI$ 'EN TW*I TO=TE CRONWI,
"OTE LAKEDAIMWN MEN-KAI 'ARGO$ KAI MESSHNH KAI TA META
<P 683D>
TOUTWN "UPOCEI=RIA TOI$ PROGONOI$ "UMWN, 'W* MEGILLE, "IKANW$
'EGEGONEI; TO DE-DH META TOUTO 'EDOXEN 'AUTOI$, "W$ GE LEGETAI
TO TOU* MUQOU, TRICHI TO STRATEUMA DIANEIMANTA$, TREI$ POLEI$
KATOIKIZEIN, 'ARGO$, MESSHNHN, LAKEDAIMONA.
ME ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ KAI BASILEU$ MEN 'ARGOU$ THMENO$ 'EGIGNETO,
MESSHNH$ DE KRESFONTH$, LAKEDAIMONO$ DE PROKLH$ KAI
'EURUSQENH$.
ME ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ ^ KAI PANTE$ DH TOUTOI$ 'WMOSAN "OI TO=TE BOHQHSEIN,
<P 683E>
'EA=N TI$ THN BASILEIAN 'AUTWN DIAFQEIRHI65.
ME ^ TI= MHN:
AQ ^ BASILEIA DE KATALUETAI, 'W* PRO$ DIO$, 'H=-KAI TI$
'ARCH PWPOTE KATELUQH, MWN "UPO TINWN 'ALLWN 'H= SFWN-'AUTWN:
'H= NUNDH MEN, 'OLIGON 'EMPROSQEN TOUTOI$ PERITUCONTE$
TOI$ LOGOI$, "OUTW TAUT' 'ETIQEMEN, NU*N D' 'EPILELHSMEQA:
ME ^ KAI PW*$:
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N NU*N DH MALLON BEBAIWSOMEQA TO TOIOUTON;
PERITUCONTE$ GAR 'ERGOI$ GENOMENOI$, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'EPI TON
'AUTON LOGON 'ELHLUQAMEN, "WSTE 'OU PERI= KENON TI ZHTHSOMEN


<P 684A>
TON 'AUTON LOGON, 'ALLA= PERI= GEGONO$ TE-KAI 'ECON 'ALHQEIAN.
GEGONEN0 DH TADE; BASILEIAI TREI$ BASILEUOMENAI$ POLESIN
TRITTAI$ 'WMOSAN 'ALLHLAI$ "EKATERAI, KATA NOMOU$ "OU$ 'EQENTO
TOU* TE 'ARCEIN KAI 'ARCESQAI KOINOU$, "OI MEN MH BIAIOTERAN
THN 'ARCHN POIHSESQAI PROIONTO$ TOU* CRONOU KAI GENOU$,
"OI DE, TAUTA 'EMPEDOUNTWN0 TWN 'ARCONTWN0, MHTE 'AUTOI TA$
BASILEIA$ POTE KATALUSEIN MHT' 'EPITREYEIN 'EPICEIROUSIN4
<P 684B>
"ETEROI$, BOHQHSEIN DE BASILH$ TE BASILEUSIN 'ADIKOUMENOI$
KAI DHMOI$, KAI DHMOI DHMOI$ KAI BASILEUSIN 'ADIKOUMENOI$.
'A*R' 'OUC "OUTW$:
ME ^ "OUTW MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N TO GE MEGISTON TAI$ KATASTASESIN TWN
POLITEIWN "UPHRCEN TAI$ 'EN TAI$ TRISI POLESI NOMOQETOUMENAI$,
'EI=TE "OI BASILH$ 'ENOMOQETOUN 'EI=T' 'ALLOI TINE$:
ME ^ POI*ON:
AQ ^ TO BOHQOU$ GE 'EINAI TA$ DUO 'EPI THN MIAN 'AEI
POLIN, THN TOI$ TEQEISIN NOMOI$ 'APEIQOUSAN.
ME ^ DHLON.
<P 684C>
AQ ^ KAI-MHN TOUTO GE "OI POLLOI PROSTATTOUSIN0 TOI$
NOMOQETAI$, "OPW$ TOIOUTOU$ QHSOUSIN2 TOU$ NOMOU$ "OU$
"EKONTE$ "OI DHMOI KAI TA PLHQH DEXONTAI, KAQAPER 'AN4 'EI TI$
GUMNASTAI$ 'H= 'IATROI$ PROSTATTOI MEQ' "HDONH$ QERAPEUEIN TE-KAI
'IASQAI TA QERAPEUOMENA SWMATA.
ME ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ TO DE-G' 'ESTIN 'AGAPHTON POLLAKI$ 'EI KAI TI$ META
LUPH$ MH MEGALH$ DUNAITO 'EUEKTIKA TE-KAI "UGIH SWMATA
'APERGAZESQAI.
ME ^ TI= MHN:
<P 684D>
AQ ^ KAI TODE GE 'ETI TOI$ TO=TE "UPHRCEN 'OU SMIKRON 'EI$
"RA\STWNHN TH$ QESEW$ TWN NOMWN.
ME ^ TO POI*ON:
AQ ^ 'OUK 'H*N TOI$ NOMOQETAI$ "H MEGISTH TWN MEMYEWN,
'ISOTHTA 'AUTOI$ TINA KATASKEUAZOUSIN4 TH$ 'OUSIA$, "HPER 'EN
'ALLAI$ NOMOQETOUMENAI$ POLESI POLLAI$ GIGNETAI, 'EA=N TI$
ZHTHI5 GH$ TE KTHSIN KINEIN KAI CREWN DIALUSIN, "ORWN "W$ 'OUK
'AN4 DUNAITO 'ANEU TOUTWN GENESQAI POTE TO 'ISON "IKANW$; "W$
'EPICEIROUNTI DH NOMOQETHI KINEIN TWN TOIOUTWN TI PA$ 'APANTA*I0
<P 684E>
LEGWN MH KINEIN TA 'AKINHTA, KAI 'EPARATAI0 GH$ TE 'ANADASMOU$
'EISHGOUMENON KAI CREWN 'APOKOPA$, "WST' 'EI$ 'APORIAN
KAQISTASQAI PANT' 'ANDRA. TOI$ DE-DH DWRIEUSI KAI TOUQ'
"OUTW$ "UPHRCEN KALW$ KAI 'ANEMESHTW$, GHN TE 'ANAMFISBHTHTW$
DIANEMESQAI, KAI CREA MEGALA KAI PALAIA 'OUK 'H*N.
ME ^ 'ALHQH.
AQ ^ PH*I DH POTE 'OUN, 'W* 'ARISTOI, KAKW$ "OUTW$ 'AUTOI$
'ECWRHSEN "H KATOIKISI$ TE-KAI NOMOQESIA:


<P 685A>
ME ^ PW*$ DH-KAI TI= MEMFOMENO$ 'AUTWN LEGEI$:
AQ ^ "OTI4 TRIWN GENOMENWN TWN 'OIKHSEWN TA DUO 'AUTWN
MERH TACU THN TE POLITEIAN KAI TOU$ NOMOU$ DIEFQEIREN, TO
DE "EN MONON 'EMEINEN, TO TH$ "UMETERA$ POLEW$.
ME ^ 'OU PANU "RA\DION 'ERWTA*I$0.
AQ ^ 'ALLA=-MHN DEI GE "HMA$ TOUTO 'EN TW*I NU*N SKOPOUNTA$
KAI 'EXETAZONTA$, PERI= NOMWN PAIZONTA$ PAIDIAN PRESBUTIKHN
SWFRONA, DIELQEIN THN "ODON 'ALUPW$, "W$ 'EFAMEN "HNIKA
<P 685B>
'HRCOMEQA POREUESQAI.
ME ^ TI= MHN: KAI POIHTEON GE "W$ LEGEI$.
AQ ^ TI=N' 'OUN 'AN4 SKEYIN KALLIW POIHSAIMEQA PERI= NOMWN
'H= TOUTWN "OI=4 TAUTA$ DIAKEKOSMHKASIN: 'H= POLEWN PERI= TI=NWN
'EUDOKIMWTERWN TE-KAI MEIZONWN KATOIKISEWN SKOPOIMEQ' 'AN4:
ME ^ 'OU "RA\DION 'ANTI TOUTWN "ETERA$ LEGEIN.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N "OTI4 MEN DIENOOUNTO GE "OI TO=TE THN KATASKEUHN
TAUTHN 'OU PELOPONNHSWI MONON 'ESESQAI BOHQON
<P 685C>
"IKANHN, SCEDON DHLON, 'ALLA=-KAI TOI$ "ELLHSIN PASIN, 'EI
TI$ TWN BARBARWN 'AUTOU$ 'ADIKOI, KAQAPER "OI PERI= TO 'ILION
'OIKOUNTE$ TO=TE, PISTEUONTE$ THI TWN 'ASSURIWN DUNAMEI THI
PERI= NINON GENOMENHI, QRASUNOMENOI TON POLEMON 'HGEIRAN
TON 'EPI TROIAN. 'H*N GAR 'ETI TO TH$ 'ARCH$ 'EKEINH$ SCHMA
TO SWIZOMENON 'OU SMIKRON; KAQAPER NU*N TON MEGAN BASILEA
FOBOUMEQA "HMEI$, KAI TO=TE 'EKEINHN THN SUSTAQEISAN SUNTAXIN
'EDEDISAN "OI TO=TE. MEGA GAR 'EGKLHMA PRO$ 'AUTOU$
<P 685D>
"H TH$ TROIA$ "ALWSI$ TO DEUTERON 'EGEGONEI; TH$ 'ARCH$ GAR
TH$ 'EKEINWN 'H*N MORION. PRO$ DH TAUT' 'H*N PANTA "H TOU*
STRATOPEDOU TOU* TO=TE DIANEMHQEISA 'EI$ TREI$ POLEI$ KATASKEUH
MIA "UPO BASILEWN 'ADELFWN, PAIDWN "HRAKLEOU$,
KALW$, "W$ 'EDOKEI, 'ANHURHMENH KAI KATAKEKOSMHMENH KAI
DIAFERONTW$ TH$ 'EPI THN TROIAN 'AFIKOMENH$. PRWTON MEN-GAR
TOU$ "HRAKLEIDA$ TWN PELOPIDWN 'AMEINOU$ "HGOUNTO
'ARCONTWN0 'ARCONTA$ 'ECEIN, 'EPEIT' 'AU TO STRATOPEDON TOUTO
<P 685E>
TOU* 'EPI TROIAN 'AFIKOMENOU DIAFEREIN PRO$ 'ARETHN; NENIKHKENAI
GAR TOUTOU$, "HTTASQAI D' "UPO TOUTWN 'EKEINOU$, 'ACAIOU$
'ONTA$ "UPO DWRIWN. 'A*R' 'OUC "OUTW$ 'OIOMEQA KAI TINI DIANOIA\
TAUTHI KATASKEUAZESQAI TOU$ TO=TE:
ME ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TO BEBAIW$ 'OIESQAI TAUQ' "EXEIN 'EIKO$


<P 686A>
'AUTOU$ KAI CRONON TIN' 'AN4 POLUN MENEIN0, "ATE KEKOINWNHKOTA$
MEN POLLWN PONWN KAI KINDUNWN 'ALLHLOI$, "UPO GENOU$ DE
"ENO$ TWN BASILEWN 'ADELFWN 'ONTWN0 DIAKEKOSMHSQAI, PRO$
TOUTOI$ D' 'ETI KAI POLLOI$ MANTESI KECRHMENOU$-'EINAI TOI$
TE 'ALLOI$ KAI TW*I DELFIKWI 'APOLLWNI:
ME ^ PW*$ D' 'OUK 'EIKO$:
AQ ^ TAUTA DH TA MEGALA "OUTW$ PROSDOKWMENA DIEPTATO,
"W$ 'EOIKE0, TO=TE TACU, PLHN "OPER 'EIPOMEN NUNDH SMIKROU
<P 686B>
MEROU$ TOU* PERI= TON "UMETERON TOPON, KAI TOUTO DH PRO$ TA
DUO MERH POLEMOUN 'OU PWPOTE PEPAUTAI MECRI TA NU*N; 'EPEI
GENOMENH GE "H TO=TE DIANOIA KAI SUMFWNHSASA 'EI$ "EN, 'ANUPOSTATON
'AN4 TINA DUNAMIN 'ESCE KATA POLEMON.
ME ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ ^ PW*$ 'OUN-KAI PH*I DIWLETO: 'A*R' 'OUK 'AXION 'EPISKOPEIN
THLIKOUTON KAI TOIOUTON SUSTHMA "HTI$ POTE TUCH DIEFQEIRE:
ME ^ SCOLHI GAR-'OUN-DH TI$ 'AN4 'ALLO SKOPWN, 'H= NOMOU$
<P 686C>
'H= POLITEIA$ 'ALLA$ QEASAITO SWIZOUSA$ KALA KAI MEGALA
PRAGMATA 'H=-KAI 'TOUNANTION DIAFQEIROUSA$ TO PARAPAN, 'EI
'AMELHSEIE TOUTWN.
AQ ^ TOUTO MEN-'A=RA, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'EUTUCW$ PW$ 'EMBEBHKAMEN
GE 'EI$ TINA SKEYIN "IKANHN.
ME ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ 'A*R'-'OUN, 'W* QAUMASIE, LELHQAMEN 'ANQRWPOI PANTE$,
KAI TA NU*N DH "HMEI$, 'OIOMENOI MEN "EKASTOTE TI KALON "ORAN
PRAGMA GENOMENON KAI QAUMASTA 'AN4 'ERGASAMENON, 'EI TI$ 'A=RA
<P 686D>
'HPISTHQH KALW$ 'AUTWI CRHSQAI KATA TINA TROPON, TO DE NU*N
GE "HMEI$ TAC' 'AN4 'ISW$ PERI= TOUTO 'AUTO 'OUT' 'ORQW$ DIANOOIMEQA
'OUTE KATA FUSIN, KAI-DH-KAI PERI= TA 'A=LLA PANTE$
PANTA, PERI= "WN 'AN4 "OUTW DIANOHQWSIN:
ME ^ LEGEI$ DE-DH TI=, KAI PERI= TI=NO$ SOI4 FWMEN MALIST'
'EIRHSQAI TOUTON TON LOGON:
AQ ^ 'WGAQE, KAI 'AUTO$ 'EMAUTOU NUNDH KATEGELASA.
'APOBLEYA$ GAR PRO$ TOUTON TON STOLON "OU2 PE=RI DIALEGOMEQA,
'EDOXE MOI PAGKALO$ TE 'EINAI KAI QAUMASTON KTHMA
PARAPESEIN TOI$ "ELLHSIN, "OPER 'EIPON, 'EI TI$ 'A=RA 'AUTWI TO=TE
<P 686E>
KALW$ 'ECRHSATO.
ME ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EU KAI 'ECONTW$ NOUN SU TE PANTA 'EIPE$ KAI
'EPHINESAMEN "HMEI$:
AQ ^ 'ISW$; 'ENNOW0 GE-MHN "W$ PA$, "O$4 'AN4 'IDHI6 TI MEGA
KAI DUNAMIN 'ECON POLLHN KAI "RWMHN, 'EUQU$ 'EPAQE TOUTO, "W$
'EIPER 'EPISTAITO "O KEKTHMENO$ 'AUTWI CRHSQAI TOIOUTWI TE 'ONTI
KAI THLIKOUTWI, QAUMAST' 'AN4 KAI POLLA KATERGASAMENO$
'EUDAIMONOI.


<P 687A>
ME ^ 'OUKOU*N 'ORQON KAI TOUTO: 'H= PW*$ LEGEI$:
AQ ^ SKOPEI5 DH POI* BLEPWN "O TON 'EPAINON TOUTON PERI=
"EKASTOU TIQEMENO$ 'ORQW$ LEGEI0; PRWTON DE PERI= 'AUTOU4 TOU*
NU*N LEGOMENOU, PW*$, 'EI KATA TROPON 'HPISTHQHSAN TAXAI0 TO
STRATOPEDON "OI TO=TE DIAKOSMOUNTE$, TOU* KAIROU PW$ 'AN4
'ETUCON: 'A*R' 'OUK 'EI SUNESTHSAN TE 'ASFALW$ 'AUTO DIESWIZON
TE 'EI$ TON 'AEI CRONON, "WSTE 'AUTOU$ TE 'ELEUQEROU$ 'EINAI KAI
'ALLWN 'ARCONTA$ "WN BOULHQEIEN, KAI "OLW$ 'EN 'ANQRWPOI$ PASI
<P 687B>
KAI "ELLHSI KAI BARBAROI$ PRATTEIN "OTI2 'EPIQUMOIEN 'AUTOI
TE-KAI "OI 'EKGONOI: MWN 'OU TOUTWN CARIN 'EPAINOIEN 'AN4:
ME ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ 'A*R'-'OUN-KAI "O$4 'AN4 'IDWN PLOUTON MEGAN 'H= TIMA$
DIAFEROUSA$ GENOU$, 'H=-KAI "OTIOUN TWN TOIOUTWN, 'EIPHI6 'TAUTA
TAUTA, PRO$ TOUTO BLEPWN 'EI*PEN, "W$ DIA= TOUTO 'AUTWI GENHSOMENA
"WN 'AN4 'EPIQUMHI5 PANTA 'H= TA PLEISTA KAI "OSA 'AXIWTATA
LOGOU:
ME ^ 'EOIKE0 GOUN.
<P 687C>
AQ ^ FERE DH, PANTWN 'ANQRWPWN 'ESTI KOINON 'EPIQUMHMA
"EN TI TO NU*N "UPO TOU* LOGOU DHLOUMENON, "W$ 'AUTO$ FHSIN "O
LOGO$:
ME ^ TO POI*ON:
AQ ^ TO KATA THN TH$ "AUTOU YUCH$ 'EPITAXIN TA GIGNOMENA
GIGNESQAI, MALISTA MEN "APANTA, 'EI DE MH, TA GE
'ANQRWPINA.
ME ^ TI= MHN:
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EPEIPER BOULOMEQA PANTE$ TO TOIOUTON
'AEI, PAIDE$ TE 'ONTE$ KAI 'ANDRE$ PRESBUTAI, TOUT' 'AUTO KAI
'EUCOIMEQ' 'AN4 'ANAGKAIW$ DIA= TELOU$:
ME ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
<P 687D>
AQ ^ KAI-MHN TOI$ GE FILOI$ POU SUNEUCOIMEQ' 'AN4 TAUTA
"APER 'EKEINOI "EAUTOISIN.
ME ^ TI= MHN:
AQ ^ FILO$ MEN "UO$ PATRI, PAI$ 'WN 'ANDRI.
ME ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
AQ ^ KAI-MHN "WN G' "O PAI$ 'EUCETAI "EAUTWI GIGNESQAI,
POLLA "O PATHR 'APEUXAIT' 'AN4 TOI$ QEOI$ MHDAMW$ KATA TA$
TOU* "UEO$ 'EUCA$ GIGNESQAI.
ME ^ "OTAN 'ANOHTO$ 'WN KAI 'ETI NEO$ 'EUCHTAI, LEGEI$:
AQ ^ KAI "OTAN GE "O PATHR 'WN GERWN 'H=-KAI SFO=DRA NEANIA$,
<P 687E>
MHDEN TWN KALWN KAI TWN DIKAIWN GIGNWSKWN, 'EUCHTAI
MALA PROQUMW$ 'EN PAQHMASIN 'ADELFOI$ 'WN TOI$ GENOMENOI$
QHSEI* PRO$ TON DUSTUCW$ TELEUTHSANTA "IPPOLUTON, "O DE
PAI$ GIGNWSKHI5, TO=TE DOKEI$, PAI$ PATRI SUNEUXETAI:
ME ^ MANQANW0 "O= LEGEI$. LEGEIN GAR MOI DOKEI$ "W$ 'OU
TOUTO 'EUKTEON 'OUDE 'EPEIKTEON, "EPESQAI PANTA THI "EAUTOU BOULHSEI,
THN BOULHSIN DE POLU MALLON THI "EAUTOU FRONHSEI;
TOUTO DE-KAI POLIN KAI "ENA "HMWN "EKASTON KAI 'EUCESQAI DEIN
KAI SPEUDEIN, "OPW$ NOUN "EXEI2.


<P 688A>
AQ ^ NAI, KAI-DH-KAI POLITIKON GE 'ANDRA NOMOQETHN "W$
'AEI DEI PRO$ TOUTO BLEPONTA TIQENAI TA$ TAXEI$ TWN NOMWN,
'AUTO$ TE 'EMNHSQHN KAI "UMA$ 'EPANAMIMNHISKW0, KAT' 'ARCA$ 'EI
MEMNHMEQA TA LECQENTA, "OTI4 TO MEN SFWIN 'H*N PARAKELEUMA
"W$ CREWN 'EIH TON 'AGAQON NOMOQETHN PANTA POLEMOU CARIN
TA NOMIMA TIQENAI, TO DE 'EMON 'ELEGON "OTI4 TOUTO MEN PRO$
MIAN 'ARETHN 'OUSWN TETTARWN KELEUOI TIQESQAI TOU$ NOMOU$,
<P 688B>
DEOI DE-DH PRO$ PASAN MEN BLEPEIN, MALISTA DE-KAI PRO$
PRWTHN THN TH$ SUMPASH$ "HGEMONA 'ARETH$, FRONHSI$ D' 'EIH
TOUTO KAI NOU$ KAI DOXA MET' 'ERWTO$ TE-KAI 'EPIQUMIA$ TOUTOI$
"EPOMENH$. "HKEI0 DH PALIN "O LOGO$ 'EI$ 'TAUTON, KAI "O LEGWN
'EGW NU*N LEGW0 PALIN "APER TO=TE, 'EI MEN BOULESQE0, "W$ PAIZWN,
'EI D', "W$ SPOUDAZWN, "OTI4 DH FHMI 'EUCHI CRHSQAI SFALERON
'EINAI NOUN MH KEKTHMENON, 'ALLA= 'TANANTIA TAI$ BOULHSESIN
<P 688C>
"OI2 GIGNESQAI. SPOUDAZONTA D' 'EI ME TIQENAI BOULESQE0,
TIQETE3; PANU GAR-'OUN PROSDOKW0 NU*N "UMA$ "EURHSEIN, TW*I LOGWI
"EPOMENOU$ "ON 'OLIGON 'EMPROSQE PROUQEMEQA, TH$ TWN BASILEWN
TE FQORA$ KAI "OLOU TOU* DIANOHMATO$ 'OU DEILIAN 'OUSAN
THN 'AITIAN, 'OUD' "OTI4 TA PERI= TON POLEMON 'OUK 'HPISTANTO
'ARCONTE$ TE-KAI "OU$ PROSHKEN2 'ARCESQAI, THI LOIPHI DE PASHI
KAKIA\ DIEFQARMENA, KAI MALISTA THI PERI= TA MEGISTA TWN
<P 688D>
'ANQRWPINWN PRAGMATWN 'AMAQIA\. TAUT' 'OUN "W$ "OUTW GEGONE0
PERI= TA TO=TE, KAI NU*N, 'EI POU, GIGNETAI, KAI 'E$ TON 'EPEITA
CRONON 'OUK 'ALLW$ SUMBHSETAI, 'EA=N BOULHSQE, PEIRASOMAI
'IWN KATA TON "EXH$ LOGON 'ANEURISKEIN TE-KAI "UMIN DHLOUN0
KATA DUNAMIN "W$ 'OUSIN FILOI$.
KL ^ LOGWI MEN-TOINUN SE, 'W* XENE, 'EPAINEIN 'EPACQESTERON,
'ERGWI DE SFO=DRA 'EPAINESOMEQA; PROQUMW$ GAR TOI$ LEGOMENOI$
'EPAKOLOUQHSOMEN, 'EN "OI$ "O GE 'ELEUQERO$ 'EPAINWN
KAI MH MALIST' 'ESTIN KATAFANH$.
<P 688E>
ME ^ 'ARIST', 'W* KLEINIA, KAI POIWMEN "A LEGEI$.
KL ^ 'ESTAI TAUTA, 'EA=N QEO$ 'EQELHI5. LEGE MONON.
AQ ^ FAMEN DH-NUN, KAQ' "ODON 'IONTE$ THN LOIPHN TOU*
LOGOU, THN MEGISTHN 'AMAQIAN TO=TE 'EKEINHN THN DUNAMIN
'APOLESAI0 KAI NU*N 'TAUTON TOUTO PEFUKENAI POIEIN, "WSTE TON
GE NOMOQETHN, 'EI TOUQ' "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, PEIRATEON TAI$ POLESIN
FRONHSIN MEN "OSHN DUNATON 'EMPOIEIN, THN D' 'ANOIAN "OTI2
MALISTA 'EXAIREIN.
KL ^ DHLON.


<P 689A>
AQ ^ TI=$ 'OUN "H MEGISTH DIKAIW$ 'AN4 LEGOITO 'AMAQIA:
SKOPEITE3 'EI SUNDOXEI2 KAI SFWIN LEGOMENON; 'EGW MEN-DH THN
TOIANDE TIQEMAI.
KL ^ POI=AN:
AQ ^ THN "OTAN TWI TI DOXAN KALON 'H= 'AGAQON 'EINAI MH FILHI5
TOUTO 'ALLA= MISHI5, TO DE PONHRON KAI 'ADIKON DOKOUN 'EINAI
FILHI5 TE-KAI 'ASPAZHTAI. TAUTHN THN DIAFWNIAN LUPH$ TE-KAI
"HDONH$ PRO$ THN KATA LOGON DOXAN 'AMAQIAN FHMI 'EINAI
THN 'ESCATHN, MEGISTHN DE, "OTI4 TOU* PLHQOU$ 'ESTI TH$ YUCH$;
<P 689B>
TO GAR LUPOUMENON KAI "HDOMENON 'AUTH$ "OPER DHMO$ TE-KAI
PLHQO$ POLEW$ 'ESTIN. "OTAN 'OUN 'EPISTHMAI$ 'H= DOXAI$ 'H= LOGWI
'ENANTIWTAI, TOI$ FUSEI 'ARCIKOI$, "H YUCH, TOUTO 'ANOIAN PROSAGOREUW0,
POLEW$ TE, "OTAN 'ARCOUSIN4 KAI NOMOI$ MH PEIQHTAI
TO PLHQO$, 'TAUTON, KAI-DH-KAI "ENO$ 'ANDRO$, "OPOTAN KALOI 'EN
YUCHI LOGOI 'ENONTE$ MHDEN POIWSIN PLEON 'ALLA=-DH TOUTOI$
PAN 'TOUNANTION, TAUTA$ PASA$ 'AMAQIA$ TA$ PLHMMELESTATA$
<P 689C>
'EGWG' 'AN4 QEIHN POLEW$ TE-KAI "ENO$ "EKASTOU TWN POLITWN, 'ALL'
'OU TA$ TWN DHMIOURGWN, 'EI 'A=RA MOU KATAMANQANETE0, 'W* XENOI,
"O= LEGW0.
KL ^ MANQANOMEN TE, 'W* FILE, KAI SUGCWROUMEN "A
LEGEI$.
AQ ^ TOUTO MEN-TOINUN "OUTW KEISQW DEDOGMENON KAI LEGOMENON,
"W$ TOI$ TAUT' 'AMAQAINOUSI4 TWN POLITWN 'OUDEN 'EPITREPTEON
'ARCH$ 'ECOMENON KAI "W$ 'AMAQESIN 'ONEIDISTEON, 'AN2
KAI PANU LOGISTIKOI TE 'WSI KAI PANTA TA KOMYA KAI "OSA
<P 689D>
PRO$ TACO$ TH$ YUCH$ PEFUKOTA DIAPEPONHMENOI "APANTA,
TOU$ DE 'TOUNANTION 'ECONTA$ TOUTWN "W$ SOFOU$ TE PROSRHTEON,
'AN2 KAI TO LEGOMENON MHTE GRAMMATA MHTE NEIN 'EPISTWNTAI,
KAI TA$ 'ARCA$ DOTEON "W$ 'EMFROSIN. PW*$ GAR 'AN4, 'W* FILOI, 'ANEU
SUMFWNIA$ GENOIT' 'AN4 FRONHSEW$ KAI TO SMIKROTATON 'EIDO$:
'OUK 'ESTIN20, 'ALL' "H KALLISTH KAI MEGISTH TWN SUMFWNIWN
MEGISTH DIKAIOTAT' 'AN4 LEGOITO SOFIA, "H$ "O MEN KATA LOGON
ZWN METOCO$, "O DE 'APOLEIPOMENO$ 'OIKOFQORO$ KAI PERI= POLIN
'OUDAMHI SWTHR 'ALLA= PAN 'TOUNANTION 'AMAQAINWN 'EI$ TAUTA
<P 689E>
"EKASTOTE FANEITAI. TAUTA MEN-'OUN, KAQAPER 'EIPOMEN 'ARTI,
LELEGMENA TEQHTW TAUTHI.
KL ^ KEISQW GAR-'OUN.
AQ ^ 'ARCONTA$ DE-DH-KAI 'ARCOMENOU$ 'ANAGKAION 'EN TAI$
POLESIN 'EINAI POU.
KL ^ TI= MHN:


<P 690A>
AQ ^ 'EIEN; 'AXIWMATA DE-DH TOU* TE 'ARCEIN KAI 'ARCESQAI
POI*A 'ESTI KAI PO=SA, 'EN TE POLESIN MEGALAI$ KAI SMIKRAI$ 'EN TE
'OIKIAI$ "WSAUTW$: 'A*R' 'OUCI "EN MEN TO TE PATRO$ KAI MHTRO$: KAI
"OLW$ GONEA$ 'EKGONWN 'ARCEIN 'AXIWMA 'ORQON PANTACOU 'AN4 'EIH:
KL ^ KAI MALA.
AQ ^ TOUTWI DE-GE "EPOMENON GENNAIOU$ 'AGENNWN 'ARCEIN;
KAI TRITON 'ETI TOUTOI$ SUNEPETAI TO PRESBUTEROU$ MEN 'ARCEIN
DEIN, NEWTEROU$ DE 'ARCESQAI.
KL ^ TI= MHN:
<P 690B>
AQ ^ TETARTON D' 'AU DOULOU$ MEN 'ARCESQAI, DESPOTA$ DE
'ARCEIN.
KL ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ ^ PEMPTON GE 'OIMAI TO KREITTONA MEN 'ARCEIN, TON
"HTTW DE 'ARCESQAI.
KL ^ MALA GE 'ANAGKAION 'ARCHN 'EIRHKA$.
AQ ^ KAI PLEISTHN GE 'EN SUMPASIN TOI$ ZWIOI$ 'OUSAN KAI
KATA FUSIN, "W$ "O QHBAIO$ 'EFH POTE PINDARO$. TO DE
MEGISTON, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'AXIWMA "EKTON 'AN4 GIGNOITO, "EPESQAI MEN
TON 'ANEPISTHMONA KELEUON, TON DE FRONOUNTA "HGEISQAI TE-KAI
<P 690C>
'ARCEIN. KAITOI TOUTO GE, 'W* PINDARE SOFWTATE, SCEDON 'OUK 'AN4
PARA FUSIN 'EGWGE FAIHN GIGNESQAI, KATA FUSIN DE, THN TOU*
NOMOU "EKONTWN 'ARCHN 'ALL' 'OU BIAION PEFUKUIAN.
KL ^ 'ORQOTATA LEGEI$.
AQ ^ QEOFILH DE-GE-KAI 'EUTUCH TINA LEGONTE$ "EBDOMHN
'ARCHN, 'EI$ KLHRON TINA PROAGOMEN, KAI LACONTA MEN 'ARCEIN,
DUSKLHROUNTA DE 'APIONTA 'ARCESQAI TO DIKAIOTATON 'EINAI
FAMEN.
KL ^ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
<P 690D>
AQ ^ "ORA*I$0 DH, FAIMEN 'AN4, 'W* NOMOQETA, PRO$ TINA
PAIZONTE$ TWN 'EPI NOMWN QESIN 'IONTWN0 "RA\DIW$, "OSA 'ESTI
PRO$ 'ARCONTA$ 'AXIWMATA, KAI "OTI4 PEFUKOTA PRO$ 'ALLHLA
'ENANTIW$: NU*N GAR-DH STASEWN PHGHN TINA 'ANHURHKAMEN "HMEI$,
"HN DEI SE QERAPEUEIN. PRWTON DE MEQ' "HMWN 'ANASKEYAI PW*$
TE-KAI TI= PARA TAUTA "AMARTONTE$ "OI PERI= TE 'ARGO$ KAI MESSHNHN
BASILH$ "AUTOU$ "AMA KAI THN TWN "ELLHNWN DUNAMIN,
<P 690E>
'OUSAN QAUMASTHN 'EN TW*I TO=TE CRONWI, DIEFQEIRAN. 'A*R' 'OUK
'AGNOHSANTE$ TON "HSIODON 'ORQOTATA LEGONTA "W$ TO "HMISU9
TOU* PANTO$9 POLLAKI$ 'ESTI PLEON9: "OPOTAN 'HI TO MEN "OLON
LAMBANEIN ZHMIWDE$, TO D' "HMISU METRION, TO=TE TO METRION
TOU* 'AMETROU PLEON "HGHSATO, 'AMEINON 'ON CEIRONO$.
KL ^ 'ORQOTATA GE.
AQ ^ POTERON 'OUN 'OIOMEQA PERI= BASILEA$ TOUT' 'EGGIGNOMENON
"EKASTOTE DIAFQEIREIN PROTERON, 'H= 'EN TOISIN DHMOI$:


<P 691A>
KL ^ TO MEN 'EIKO$ KAI TO POLU, BASILEWN TOUT' 'EINAI
NOSHMA "UPERHFANW$ ZWNTWN0 DIA= TRUFA$.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N DHLON "W$ PRWTON TOUTO "OI TO=TE BASILH$
'ESCON, TO PLEONEKTEIN TWN TEQENTWN5 NOMWN, KAI "O= LOGWI TE-KAI
"ORKWI 'EPHINESAN, 'OU SUNEFWNHSAN "AUTOI$, 'ALLA= "H DIAFWNIA,
"W$ "HMEI$ FAMEN, 'OUSA 'AMAQIA MEGISTH, DOKOUSA DE
SOFIA, PANT' 'EKEINA DIA= PLHMMELEIAN KAI 'AMOUSIAN THN
PIKRAN DIEFQEIREN:
KL ^ 'EOIKE0 GOUN.
<P 691B>
AQ ^ 'EIEN; TI= DH TON NOMOQETHN 'EDEI TO=TE TIQENTA 'EULABHQHNAI
TOUTOU PERI= TOU* PAQOU$ TH$ GENESEW$: 'A*R' 'W*
PRO$ QEWN NU*N MEN 'OUDEN SOFON GNWNAI0 TOUTO 'OUD' 'EIPEIN
CALEPON, 'EI DE PROIDEIN 'H*N20 TO=TE, SOFWTERO$ 'AN4 'H*N "HMWN "O
PROIDWN:
ME ^ TO POI*ON DH LEGEI$:
AQ ^ 'EI$ TO GEGONO$ PAR' "UMIN, 'W* MEGILLE, 'ESTIN20 NU*N
GE KATIDONTA GNWNAI0, KAI GNONTA 'EIPEIN "RA\DION, "O= TO=TE 'EDEI
GIGNESQAI.
ME ^ SAFESTERON 'ETI LEGE.
AQ ^ TO TOINUN SAFESTATON 'AN4 'EIH TO TOIONDE.
ME ^ TO POI*ON:
<P 691C>
AQ ^ 'EA=N TI$ MEIZONA DIDWI0 TOI$ 'ELATTOSI DUNAMIN8
PAREI$ TO METRION, PLOIOI$ TE "ISTIA KAI SWMASIN TROFHN
KAI YUCAI$ 'ARCA$, 'ANATREPETAI POU PANTA, KAI 'EXUBRIZONTA
TA MEN 'EI$ NOSOU$ QEI0, TA D' 'EI$ 'EKGONON "UBREW$ 'ADIKIAN.
TI= 'OUN-DH POTE LEGOMEN: 'A*RA-GE TO TOIONDE, "W$ 'OUK 'EST',
'W* FILOI 'ANDRE$, QNHTH$ YUCH$ FUSI$ "HTI$ POTE DUNHSETAI
THN MEGISTHN 'EN 'ANQRWPOI$ 'ARCHN FEREIN NEA KAI 'ANUPEUQUNO$,
<P 691D>
"WSTE MH TH$ MEGISTH$ NOSOU 'ANOIA$ PLHRWQEISA
"AUTH$ THN DIANOIAN, MISO$ 'ECEIN PRO$ TWN 'EGGUTATA FILWN,
"O= GENOMENON TACU DIEFQEIREN 'AUTHN KAI PASAN THN DUNAMIN
'HFANISEN 'AUTH$: TOUT' 'OUN 'EULABHQHNAI GNONTA$ TO METRION
MEGALWN NOMOQETWN. "W$ 'OUN-DH TO=TE GENOMENON, NU*N 'ESTIN2
METRIWTATA TOPASAI0; TO D' 'EOIKEN0 'EINAI %
ME ^ TO POI*ON:
AQ ^ QEO$ 'EINAI KHDOMENO$ "UMWN TI$, "O$4 TA MELLONTA
PROORWN, DIDUMON "UMIN FUTEUSA$ THN TWN BASILEWN GENESIN
<P 691E>
'EK MONOGENOU$, 'EI$ TO METRION MALLON SUNESTEILE. KAI META
TOUTO 'ETI FUSI$ TI$ 'ANQRWPINH MEMEIGMENH QEIA\ TINI DUNAMEI,
KATIDOUSA "UMWN THN 'ARCHN FLEGMAINOUSAN 'ETI, MEIGNUSIN0 THN


<P 692A>
KATA GHRA$ SWFRONA DUNAMIN THI KATA GENO$ 'AUQADEI "RWMHI,
THN TWN 'OKTW KAI 'EIKOSI GERONTWN 'ISOYHFON 'EI$ TA MEGISTA
THI TWN BASILEWN POIHSASA DUNAMEI. "O DE TRITO$ SWTHR
"UMIN 'ETI SPARGWSAN KAI QUMOUMENHN THN 'ARCHN "ORWN, "OION
YALION 'ENEBALEN 'AUTHI THN TWN 'EFORWN DUNAMIN, 'EGGU$ TH$
KLHRWTH$ 'AGAGWN DUNAMEW$; KAI KATA DH TOUTON TON LOGON
"H BASILEIA PAR' "UMIN, 'EX "WN 'EDEI SUMMEIKTO$ GENOMENH KAI
METRON 'ECOUSA, SWQEISA 'AUTH SWTHRIA$ TOI$ 'ALLOI$ GEGONEN0
<P 692B>
'AITIA. 'EPEI 'EPI GE THMENWI KAI KRESFONTHI KAI TOI$ TO=TE
NOMOQETAI$, "OITINE$ 'A=RA 'HSAN NOMOQETOUNTE$, 'OUD' "H 'ARISTODHMOU
MERI$ 'ESWQH POT' 'AN4 % 'OU-GAR "IKANW$ 'HSAN NOMOQESIA$
'EMPEIROI; SCEDON GAR 'OUK 'AN4 POT' 'WIHQHSAN "ORKOI$
METRIASAI0 YUCHN NEAN, LABOUSAN 'ARCHN 'EX "H$ DUNATON 'H*N
TURANNIDA GENESQAI % NU*N D' "O QEO$ 'EDEIXEN "OIAN 'EDEI KAI
DEI DH THN MENOUSAN MALISTA 'ARCHN GIGNESQAI. TO DE PAR'
<P 692C>
"HMWN GIGNWSKESQAI TAUTA, "OPER 'EIPON 'EMPROSQEN, NU*N MEN
GENOMENON 'OUDEN SOFON % 'EK GAR PARADEIGMATO$ "ORAN GEGONOTO$
'OUDEN CALEPON % 'EI D' 'H*N0 TI$ PROORWN TO=TE TAUTA KAI
DUNAMENO$ METRIASAI0 TA$ 'ARCA$ KAI MIAN 'EK TRIWN POIHSAI0,
TA TE NOHQENTA 'AN4 KALA TO=TE PANTA 'APESWSE KAI 'OUK 'AN4
POTE "O PERSIKO$ 'EPI THN "ELLADA 'OUD' 'ALLO$ 'OUDEI$ STOLO$
'AN4 "WRMHSE, KATAFRONHSA$ "W$ 'ONTWN0 "HMWN BRACEO$ 'AXIWN.
KL ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
<P 692D>
AQ ^ 'AISCRW$ GOUN 'HMUNANTO 'AUTOU$, 'W* KLEINIA. TO D'
'AISCRON LEGW0 'OUC "W$ 'OU NIKWNTE$ GE "OI TO=TE KAI KATA GHN
KAI KATA QALATTAN KALA$ NENIKHKASI MACA$; 'ALLA= "O= FHMI
'AISCRON TO=T' 'EINAI, TODE LEGW0, TO PRWTON MEN 'EKEINWN TWN
POLEWN TRIWN 'OUSWN MIAN "UPER TH$ "ELLADO$ 'AMUNAI0, TW
DE DUO KAKW$ "OUTW$ 'EINAI-DIEFQARMENA, "WSTE "H MEN-KAI
LAKEDAIMONA DIEKWLUEN 'EPAMUNEIN0 'AUTHI, POLEMOUSA 'AUTHI
KATA KRATO$, "H D' 'AU PRWTEUOUSA 'EN TOI$ TO=TE CRONOI$ TOI$
<P 692E>
PERI= THN DIANOMHN, "H PERI= TO 'ARGO$, PARAKALOUMENH0 'AMUNEIN0
TON BARBARON 'OUQ' "UPHKOUSEN 'OUT' 'HMUNEN. POLLA DE
LEGWN 'AN4 TI$ TA TO=TE GENOMENA PERI= 'EKEINON TON POLEMON,
TH$ "ELLADO$ 'OUDAMW$ 'EUSCHMONA 'AN4 KATHGOROI; 'OUD' 'AU
'AMUNASQAI THN GE "ELLADA LEGWN 'ORQW$ 'AN4 LEGOI, 'ALL' 'EI
MH TO TE 'AQHNAIWN KAI TO LAKEDAIMONIWN KOINHI DIANOHMA


<P 693A>
'HMUNEN THN 'EPIOUSAN DOULEIAN, SCEDON 'AN4 'HDH PANT' 'H*N-MEMEIGMENA
TA TWN "ELLHNWN GENH 'EN 'ALLHLOI$, KAI BARBARA
'EN "ELLHSI KAI "ELLHNIKA 'EN BARBAROI$, KAQAPER "WN PERSAI
TURANNOUSI0 TA NU*N DIAPEFORHMENA KAI SUMPEFORHMENA KAKW$
'ESPARMENA KATOIKEITAI. TAUT', 'W* KLEINIA KAI MEGILLE,
'ECOMEN 'EPITIMAN TOI$ TE PALAI POLITIKOI$ LEGOMENOI$ KAI
NOMOQETAI$ KAI TOI$ NU*N, "INA TA$ 'AITIA$ 'AUTWN 'ANAZHTOUNTE$,
<P 693B>
'ANEURISKWMEN TI= PARA TAUTA 'EDEI PRATTEIN 'ALLO; "OION DH-KAI
TO PARON 'EIPOMEN, "W$ 'A=RA 'OU DEI MEGALA$ 'ARCA$ 'OUD'
'AU 'AMEIKTOU$ NOMOQETEIN, DIANOHQENTA$ TO TOIONDE, "OTI4 POLIN
'ELEUQERAN TE 'EINAI DEI KAI 'EMFRONA KAI "EAUTHI FILHN, KAI
TON NOMOQETOUNTA PRO$ TAUTA BLEPONTA DEI NOMOQETEIN. MH
QAUMASWMEN DE 'EI POLLAKI$ 'HDH PROQEMENOI 'ATTA, 'EIRHKAMEN
"OTI4 PRO$ TAUTA DEI NOMOQETEIN BLEPONTA TON NOMOQETHN,
<P 693C>
TA DE PROTEQENTA 'OU 'TAUTA "HMIN FAINETAI "EKASTOTE; 'ALLA=
'ANALOGIZESQAI CRH, "OTAN PRO$ TO SWFRONEIN FWMEN DEIN
BLEPEIN, 'H= PRO$ FRONHSIN 'H= FILIAN, "W$ 'ESQ' "OUTO$ "O SKOPO$
'OUC "ETERO$ 'ALL' "O 'AUTO$, KAI 'A=LLA DH POLLA "HMA$ TOIAUTA
'AN2 GIGNHTAI "RHMATA MH DIATARATTETW.
KL ^ PEIRASOMEQA POIEIN "OUTW$ 'EPANIONTE$ TOU$ LOGOU$;
KAI NU*N DH TO PERI= TH$ FILIA$ TE-KAI FRONHSEW$ KAI 'ELEUQERIA$,
PRO$ "OTI2 BOULOMENO$ 'EMELLE$ LEGEIN DEIN STOCAZESQAI
<P 693D>
TON NOMOQETHN, LEGE.
AQ ^ 'AKOUSON2 DH-NUN. 'EISIN POLITEIWN "OION MHTERE$ DUO
TINE$, 'EX "WN TA$ 'ALLA$ GEGONENAI LEGWN 'AN4 TI$ 'ORQW$ LEGOI,
KAI THN MEN PROSAGOREUEIN MONARCIAN 'ORQON, THN D' 'AU DHMOKRATIAN,
KAI TH$ MEN TO PERSWN GENO$ 'AKRON 'ECEIN, TH$
DE "HMA$; "AI D' 'ALLAI SCEDON "APASAI, KAQAPER 'EIPON, 'EK
TOUTWN 'EISI-DIAPEPOIKILMENAI. DEI DH-'OUN-KAI 'ANAGKAION
METALABEIN 'AMFOIN TOUTOIN, 'EIPER 'ELEUQERIA T' 'ESTAI KAI
<P 693E>
FILIA META FRONHSEW$; "O= DH BOULETAI "HMIN "O LOGO$ PROSTATTEIN,
LEGWN "W$ 'OUK 'AN4 POTE TOUTWN POLI$ 'AMOIRO$ GENOMENH
POLITEUQHNAI DUNAIT' 'AN4 KALW$.
KL ^ PW*$ GAR 'AN4:
AQ ^ "H MEN-TOINUN TO MONARCIKON, "H DE TO 'ELEUQERON
'AGAPHSASA MEIZONW$ 'H= 'EDEI MONON, 'OUDETE=RA TA ME=TRIA
KEKTHTAI TOUTWN, "AI DE "UMETERAI, "H TE LAKWNIKH KAI KRHTIKH,
MALLON; 'AQHNAIOI DE-KAI PERSAI TO MEN PALAI "OUTW


<P 694A>
PW$, TO NU*N DE "HTTON. TA D' 'AITIA DIELQWMEN; 'H*-GAR:
KL ^ PANTW$, 'EI GE-POU MELLOMEN "O= PROUQEMEQA PERAINEIN.
AQ ^ 'AKOUWMEN DH. PERSAI GAR, "OTE MEN TO METRION
MALLON DOULEIA$ TE-KAI 'ELEUQERIA$ 'HGON 'EPI KUROU, PRWTON
MEN 'ELEUQEROI 'EGENONTO, 'EPEITA DE 'ALLWN POLLWN DESPOTAI.
'ELEUQERIA$ GAR 'ARCONTE$ METADIDONTE$ 'ARCOMENOI$ KAI 'EPI
TO 'ISON 'AGONTE$, MALLON FILOI TE 'HSAN STRATIWTAI STRATHGOI$
<P 694B>
KAI PROQUMOU$ "AUTOU$ 'EN TOI$ KINDUNOI$ PAREICONTO; KAI
'EI TI$ 'AU FRONIMO$ 'H*N 'EN 'AUTOI$ KAI BOULEUEIN DUNATO$, 'OU
FQONEROU TOU* BASILEW$ 'ONTO$, DIDONTO$ DE PARRHSIAN KAI
TIMWNTO$ TOU$ 'EI$ TI DUNAMENOU$ SUMBOULEUEIN, KOINHN THN TOU*
FRONEIN 'EI$ TO MESON PAREICETO DUNAMIN, KAI PANTA DH TO=TE
'EPEDWKEN 'AUTOI$ DI' 'ELEUQERIAN TE-KAI FILIAN KAI NOU KOINWNIAN.
KL ^ 'EOIKEN0 GE PW$ TA LEGOMENA "OUTW GEGONENAI.
<P 694C>
AQ ^ PH*I DH-'OUN POTE 'APWLETO 'EPI KAMBUSOU KAI PALIN
'EPI DAREIOU SCEDON 'ESWQH: BOULESQE0 "OION MANTEIA\ DIANOHQENTE$
CRWMEQA2:
KL ^ FEREI0 GOUN "HMIN SKEYIN TOUTO 'EF' "OPER "WRMHKAMEN.
AQ ^ MANTEUOMAI DH NU*N PERI= GE KUROU, TA MEN 'A=LL'
'AUTON STRATHGON TE 'AGAQON 'EINAI KAI FILOPOLIN, PAIDEIA$
DE 'ORQH$ 'OUC "HFQAI TO PARAPAN, 'OIKONOMIA\ TE 'OUDEN TON NOUN
PROSESCHKENAI.
KL ^ PW*$ DH TO TOIOUTON FWMEN:
<P 694D>
AQ ^ 'EOIKEN0 'EK NEOU STRATEUESQAI DIA= BIOU, TAI$ GUNAIXIN
PARADOU$ TOU$ PAIDA$ TREFEIN. "AI DE "W$ 'EUDAIMONA$
'AUTOU$ 'EK TWN PAIDWN 'EUQU$ KAI MAKARIOU$ 'HDH GEGONOTA$
KAI 'EPIDEEI$ 'ONTA$ TOUTWN 'OUDENO$ 'ETREFON; KWLUOUSAI DE
"W$ 'OUSIN "IKANW$ 'EUDAIMOSIN MHTE 'AUTOI$ 'ENANTIOUSQAI MHDENA
'EI$ MHDEN, 'EPAINEIN TE 'ANAGKAZOUSAI PANTA$ TO LEGOMENON
'H= PRATTOMENON "UP' 'AUTWN, 'EQREYAN TOIOUTOU$ TINA$.
KL ^ KALHN, "W$ 'EOIKA$, TROFHN 'EIRHKA$.
<P 694E>
AQ ^ GUNAIKEIAN MEN-'OUN BASILIDWN GUNAIKWN NEWSTI
GEGONUIWN PLOUSIWN, KAI 'EN 'ANDRWN 'ERHMIA\, DIA= TO MH SCOLAZEIN
"UPO POLEMWN KAI POLLWN KINDUNWN, TOU$ PAIDA$
TREFOUSWN.
KL ^ 'ECEI0 GAR LOGON.
AQ ^ "O DE PATHR GE 'AUTOI$ 'AU POIMNIA MEN-KAI PROBATA
KAI 'AGELA$ 'ANDRWN TE-KAI 'ALLWN POLLWN POLLA$ 'EKTATO,


<P 695A>
'AUTOU$ DE "OI$ TAUTA PARADWSEIN 'EMELLEN 'HGNOEI THN PATRWIAN
'OU PAIDEUOMENOU$ TECNHN, 'OUSAN PERSIKHN % POIMENWN 'ONTWN0
PERSWN, TRACEIA$ CWRA$ 'EKGONWN % SKLHRAN KAI "IKANHN POIMENA$
'APERGAZESQAI MALA 'ISCUROU$ KAI DUNAMENOU$ QURAULEIN
KAI 'AGRUPNEIN KAI 'EI STRATEUESQAI DEOI STRATEUESQAI; DIEFQARMENHN
DE PAIDEIAN "UPO TH$ LEGOMENH$ 'EUDAIMONIA$ THN
MHDIKHN PERIEIDEN "UPO GUNAIKWN TE-KAI 'EUNOUCWN PAIDEUQENTA$
<P 695B>
"AUTOU TOU$ "UEI$, "OQEN 'EGENONTO "OIOU$ 'H*N 'AUTOU$ 'EIKO$
GENESQAI, TROFHI 'ANEPIPLHKTWI TRAFENTA$. PARALABONTE$
D'-'OUN "OI PAIDE$ TELEUTHSANTO$ KUROU TRUFH$ MESTOI KAI
'ANEPIPLHXIA$, PRWTON MEN TON "ETERON "ATERO$ 'APEKTEINE TW*I
'ISWI 'AGANAKTWN, META DE TOUTO 'AUTO$ MAINOMENO$ "UPO MEQH$
TE-KAI 'APAIDEUSIA$ THN 'ARCHN 'APWLESEN "UPO MHDWN TE-KAI
TOU* LEGOMENOU TO=TE 'EUNOUCOU, KATAFRONHSANTO$ TH$ KAMBUSOU
MWRIA$.
<P 695C>
KL ^ LEGETAI DH TAUTA GE, KAI 'EOIKEN0 SCEDON "OUTW PW$
GEGONENAI.
AQ ^ KAI-MHN-KAI PALIN 'EI$ PERSA$ 'ELQEIN THN 'ARCHN
DIA= DAREIOU KAI TWN "EPTA LEGETAI POU.
KL ^ TI= MHN:
AQ ^ QEWRWMEN DH SUNEPOMENOI TW*I LOGWI. DAREIO$ GAR
BASILEW$ 'OUK 'H*N "UO$, PAIDEIA\ TE 'OU DIATRUFWSHI TEQRAMMENO$,
'ELQWN D' 'EI$ THN 'ARCHN KAI LABWN 'AUTHN "EBDOMO$,
DIEILETO "EPTA MERH TEMOMENO$, "WN KAI NU*N 'ETI SMIKRA 'ONEIRATA
LELEIPTAI, KAI NOMOU$ 'HXIOU QEMENO$ 'OIKEIN 'ISOTHTA
<P 695D>
KOINHN TINA 'EISFERWN, KAI TON TOU* KUROU DASMON, "ON
"UPESCETO PERSAI$, 'EI$ TON NOMON 'ENEDEI, FILIAN PORIZWN
KAI KOINWNIAN PASIN PERSAI$, CRHMASI KAI DWREAI$ TON
PERSWN DHMON PROSAGOMENO$; TOIGAROUN 'AUTWI TA STRATEUMATA
MET' 'EUNOIA$ PROSEKTHSATO CWRA$ 'OUK 'ELATTOU$ "WN
KATELIPE KURO$. META DE DAREION "O THI BASILIKHI KAI
TRUFWSHI PALIN PAIDEUQEI$ PAIDEIA\ XERXH$ % 'W* DAREIE,
'EIPEIN 'ESTIN DIKAIOTATON 'ISW$, "O$4 TO KUROU KAKON 'OUK
<P 695E>
'EMAQE$, 'EQREYW DE XERXHN 'EN TOI$ 'AUTOI$ 'HQESIN 'EN "OISPER
KURO$ KAMBUSHN % "O DE, "ATE TWN 'AUTWN PAIDEIWN GENOMENO$
'EKGONO$, PARAPLH=SIA 'APETELESEN TOI$ KAMBUSOU PAQHMASIN;
KAI SCEDON 'EK GE TOSOUTOU BASILEU$ 'EN PERSAI$ 'OUDEI$ PW
MEGA$ 'EGGEGONEN0 'ALHQW$, PLHN GE 'ONOMATI. TO D' 'AITION
'OU TUCH$, "W$ "O 'EMO$ LOGO$, 'ALL' "O KAKO$ BIO$ "ON "OI TWN


<P 696A>
DIAFERONTW$ PLOUSIWN KAI TURANNWN PAIDE$ TA POLLA ZWSIN0;
'OU-GAR MH POTE GENHTAI PAI$ KAI 'ANHR KAI GERWN 'EK TAUTH$
TH$ TROFH$ DIAFERWN PRO$ 'ARETHN. "A DH, FAMEN, TW*I NOMOQETHI
SKEPTEON, KAI "HMIN DE 'EN TW*I NU*N PARONTI. DIKAION
MHN, 'W* LAKEDAIMONIOI, TOUTO GE THI POLEI "UMWN 'APODIDONAI,
"OTI4 PENIA\ KAI PLOUTWI KAI 'IDIWTEIA\ KAI BASILEIA\ DIAFEROUSAN
'OUD' "HNTINOUN TIMHN KAI TROFHN NEMETE0, "A$ MH TO KAT' 'ARCA$
<P 696B>
"UMIN QEION PARA QEOU DIEMANTEUSATO TINO$. 'OU-GAR-DH DEI
KATA POLIN GE 'EINAI TA$ TIMA$ "UPERECOUSA$, "OTI4 TI$ 'ESTIN
PLOUTWI DIAFERWN, 'EPEI 'OUD' "OTI4 TACU$ 'H= KALO$ 'H= 'ISCURO$
'ANEU TINO$ 'ARETH$, 'OUD' 'ARETH$ "H$ 'AN4 SWFROSUNH 'APHI.
ME ^ PW*$ TOUTO, 'W* XENE LEGEI$:
AQ ^ 'ANDREIA POU MORION 'ARETH$ "EN:
ME ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ ^ DIKASON2 TOINUN 'AUTO$ TON LOGON 'AKOUSA$ 'EI SOI4
DEXAI' 'AN4 SUNOIKON 'H= GEITONA 'EINAI TINA SFO=DRA MEN 'ANDREION,
MH SWFRONA DE-'ALL' 'AKOLASTON.
<P 696C>
ME ^ 'EUFHMEI5.
AQ ^ TI= DE: TECNIKON MEN-KAI PERI= TAUTA SOFON, 'ADIKON
DE:
ME ^ 'OUDAMW$.
AQ ^ 'ALLA=-MHN TO GE DIKAION 'OU FUETAI CWRI$ TOU*
SWFRONEIN.
ME ^ PW*$ GAR 'AN4:
AQ ^ 'OUDE-MHN "ON GE SOFON "HMEI$ NUNDH PROUQEMEQA, TON
TA$ "HDONA$ KAI LUPA$ KEKTHMENON SUMFWNOU$ TOI$ 'ORQOI$
LOGOI$ KAI "EPOMENA$.
ME ^ 'OU-GAR-'OUN.
AQ ^ 'ETI DH-KAI TODE 'EPISKEYWMEQA TWN 'EN TAI$ POLESIN
<P 696D>
TIMHSEWN "ENEKA, POI*AI TE 'ORQAI KAI MH GIGNONTAI
"EKASTOTE.
ME ^ TO POI*ON:
AQ ^ SWFROSUNH 'ANEU PASH$ TH$ 'ALLH$ 'ARETH$ 'EN
YUCHI TINI MEMONWMENH TIMION 'H= 'ATIMON GIGNOIT' 'AN4 KATA
DIKHN:
ME ^ 'OUK 'ECW0 "OPW$ 'EIPW.
AQ ^ KAI-MHN 'EIRHKA$ GE METRIW$; 'EIPWN GAR-DH "WN 'HROMHN
"OPOTERONOUN, PARA MELO$ 'EMOIG' 'AN4 DOKEI$ FQEGXASQAI.
ME ^ KALW$ TOINUN GEGONO$ 'AN4 'EIH.
AQ ^ 'EIEN; TO MEN-DH PROSQHMA "WN TIMAI TE-KAI 'ATIMIAI
<P 696E>
'OU LOGOU, 'ALLA= TINO$ MALLON 'ALOGOU SIGH$, 'AXION 'AN4 'EIH.
ME ^ SWFROSUNHN MOI FAINHI0 LEGEIN.
AQ ^ NAI. TO DE-GE TWN 'ALLWN PLEISTA "HMA$ 'WFELOUN
META TH$ PROSQHKH$ MALIST' 'AN4 TIMWMENON 'ORQOTATA TIMWITO,
KAI TO DEUTERON DEUTERW$; KAI "OUTW DH KATA TON "EXH$ LOGON
TA$ 'EFEXH$ TIMA$ LAGCANON "EKASTON 'ORQW$ 'AN4 LAGCANOI.


<P 697A>
ME ^ 'ECEI0 TAUTHI.
AQ ^ TI= 'OUN: 'OU NOMOQETOU KAI TAUTA 'AU FHSOMEN 'EINAI
DIANEMEIN0:
ME ^ KAI MALA.
AQ ^ BOULEI DH TA MEN "APANTA KAI 'EF' "EKASTON 'ERGON
KAI KATA SMIKRA 'EKEINWI DWMEN NEIMAI0, TO DE TRICHI DIELEIN,
'EPEIDH NOMWN 'ESMEN KAI 'AUTOI PW$ 'EPIQUMHTAI, PEIRAQWMEN,
DIATEMEIN2 CWRI$ TA TE MEGISTA KAI DEU=TERA KAI TRITA:
ME ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ LEGOMEN TOINUN "OTI4 POLIN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, THN MELLOUSAN
<P 697B>
SWIZESQAI TE-KAI 'EUDAIMONHSEIN 'EI$ DUNAMIN 'ANQRWPINHN DEI
KAI 'ANAGKAION TIMA$ TE-KAI 'ATIMIA$ DIANEMEIN0 'ORQW$. 'ESTIN
DE 'ORQW$ 'A=RA TIMIWTATA MEN-KAI PRWTA TA PERI= THN YUCHN
'AGAQA KEISQAI, SWFROSUNH$ "UPARCOUSH$ 'AUTHI, DEU=TERA DE
TA PERI= TO SWMA KALA KAI 'AGAQA, KAI TRITA TA PERI= THN
'OUSIAN KAI CRHMATA LEGOMENA; TOUTWN DE 'AN2 'EKTO$ TI$
BAINHI5 NOMOQETH$ 'H= POLI$, 'EI$ TIMA$ 'H= CRHMATA PROAGOUSA
<P 697C>
'H= TI TWN "USTERWN 'EI$ TO PROSQEN TIMAI$ TATTOUSA, 'OUQ'
"OSION 'OUTE POLITIKON 'AN4 DRWIH PRAGMA. 'EIRHSQW TAUTA 'H=
PW*$ "HMIN:
ME ^ PANU MEN-'OUN 'EIRHSQW SAFW$.
AQ ^ TAUTA MEN-TOINUN "HMA$ 'EPI PLEON 'EPOIHSEN 'EIPEIN
"H PERSWN PERI DIASKEYI$ TH$ POLITEIA$; 'ANEURISKOMEN DE
'EPI 'ETI CEIROU$ 'AUTOU$ GEGONOTA$, THN DE 'AITIAN FAMEN, "OTI4
TO 'ELEUQERON LIAN 'AFELOMENOI TOU* DHMOU, TO DESPOTIKON D'
'EPAGAGONTE$ MALLON TOU* PROSHKONTO$, TO FILON 'APWLESAN
<P 697D>
KAI TO KOINON 'EN THI POLEI. TOUTOU DE FQARENTO$, 'OUQ' "H TWN
'ARCONTWN0 BOULH "UPER 'ARCOMENWN KAI TOU* DHMOU BOULEUETAI,
'ALL' "ENEKA TH$ "AUTWN 'ARCH$, 'AN2 TI KAI SMIKRON PLEON "EKASTOTE
"HGWNTAI 'ESESQAI SFISIN, 'ANASTATOU$ MEN POLEI$,
'ANASTATA DE 'EQNH FI=LIA PURI KATAFQEIRANTE$, 'ECQRW$ TE-KAI
'ANHLEHTW$ MISOUNTE$ MISOUNTAI; "OTAN TE 'EI$ CREIAN TOU*
MACESQAI PERI= "EAUTWN TOU$ DHMOU$ 'AFIKNWNTAI, 'OUDEN KOINON
'EN 'AUTOI$ 'AU META PROQUMIA$ TOU* 'EQELEIN KINDUNEUEIN KAI
<P 697E>
MACESQAI 'ANEURISKOUSIN0, 'ALLA= KEKTHMENOI MURIADA$ 'APERANTOU$
LOGISMWI, 'ACRHSTOU$ 'EI$ POLEMON PASA$ KEKTHNTAI, KAI
KAQAPER 'ENDEEI$ 'ANQRWPWN MISQOUMENOI, "UPO MISQWTWN KAI
'OQNEIWN 'ANQRWPWN "HGOUNTAI POTE SWQHSESQAI. PRO$ DE


<P 698A>
TOUTOI$ 'AMAQAINEIN 'ANAGKAZONTAI, LEGONTE$ 'ERGOI$ "OTI4 LHRO$
PRO$ CRUSON TE-KAI 'ARGURON 'ESTIN "EKASTOTE TA LEGOMENA
TI=MIA KAI KALA KATA POLIN.
ME ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ TA MEN-DH PERI= GE PERSWN, "W$ 'OUK 'ORQW$ TA NU*N
DIOIKEITAI DIA= THN SFO=DRA DOULEIAN TE-KAI DESPOTEIAN, TELO$
'ECETW.
ME ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ TA DE PERI= THN TH$ 'ATTIKH$ 'AU POLITEIA$ TO META
TOUTO "WSAUTW$ "HMA$ DIEXELQEIN CREWN, "W$ "H PANTELH$ KAI
<P 698B>
'APO PASWN 'ARCWN 'ELEUQERIA TH$ METRON 'ECOUSH$ 'ARCH$ "UF'
"ETERWN 'OU SMIKRWI CEIRWN; "HMIN GAR KAT' 'EKEINON TON CRONON,
"OTE "H PERSWN 'EPIQESI$ TOI$ "ELLHSIN, 'ISW$ DE SCEDON "APASIN
TOI$ THN 'EURWPHN 'OIKOUSIN4, 'EGIGNETO, POLITEIA TE 'H*N PALAIA
KAI 'EK TIMHMATWN 'ARCAI TINE$ TETTARWN, KAI DESPOTI$ 'ENHN
TI$ 'AIDW$, DI' "HN DOULEUONTE$ TOI$ TO=TE NOMOI$ ZHN 'HQELOMEN.
KAI PRO$ TOUTOI$ DH TO MEGEQO$ TOU* STOLOU KATA TE GHN KAI
KATA QALATTAN GENOMENON, FOBON 'APORON 'EMBALON, DOULEIAN
<P 698C>
'ETI MEIZONA 'EPOIHSEN "HMA$ TOI$ TE 'ARCOUSIN4 KAI TOI$ NOMOI$
DOULEUSAI0, KAI DIA= PANTA TAUQ' "HMIN SUNEPESE PRO$ "HMA$-'AUTOU$
SFO=DRA FILIA. SCEDON GAR DEKA 'ETESIN PRO TH$ 'EN
SALAMINI NAUMACIA$ 'AFIKETO DATI$ PERSIKON STOLON 'AGWN,
PEMYANTO$ DAREIOU DIARRHDHN 'EPI TE 'AQHNAIOU$ KAI 'ERETRIA$,
'EXANDRAPODISAMENON 'AGAGEIN, QANATON 'AUTWI PROEIPWN
MH PRAXANTI TAUTA. KAI "O DATI$ TOU$ MEN 'ERETRIA$ 'EN TINI
<P 698D>
BRACEI CRONWI PANTAPASIN KATA KRATO$ TE "EILEN MURIASI
SUCNAI$, KAI TINA LOGON 'EI$ THN "HMETERAN POLIN 'AFHKEN
FOBERON, "W$ 'OUDEI$ 'ERETRIWN 'AUTON 'APOPEFEUGW$-'EIH;
SUNAYANTE$ GAR-'A=RA TA$ CEIRA$ SAGHNEUSAIEN PASAN THN
'ERETRIKHN "OI STRATIWTAI TOU* DATIDO$. "O DH LOGO$, 'EI=T'
'ALHQH$ 'EI=TE-KAI "OPHI 'AFIKETO, TOU$ TE 'ALLOU$ "ELLHNA$ KAI-DH-KAI
'AQHNAIOU$ 'EXEPLHTTEN, KAI PRESBEUOMENOI$ 'AUTOI$
<P 698E>
PANTACOSE BOHQEIN 'OUDEI$ 'HQELEN PLHN GE LAKEDAIMONIWN;
"OUTOI DE "UPO TE TOU* PRO$ MESSHNHN 'ONTO$ TO=TE POLEMOU KAI
'EI DH TI DIEKWLUEN 'ALLO 'AUTOU$ % 'OU-GAR 'ISMEN LEGOMENON %
"USTEROI D'-'OUN 'AFIKONTO TH$ 'EN MARAQWNI MACH$ GENOMENH$
MIA*I "HMERA\. META DE TOUTO PARASKEUAI TE MEGALAI LEGOMENAI
KAI 'APEILAI 'EFOITWN MURIAI PARA BASILEW$. PROIONTO$
DE TOU* CRONOU, DAREIO$ MEN TEQNANAI 'ELECQH, NEO$ DE-KAI
SFODRO$ "O "UO$ 'AUTOU4 PAREILHFENAI THN 'ARCHN KAI 'OUDAMW$


<P 699A>
'AFISTASQAI TH$ "ORMH$. "OI DE 'AQHNAIOI PAN TOUTO 'WIONTO 'EPI
SFA$-'AUTOU$ PARASKEUAZESQAI DIA= TO MARAQWNI GENOMENON,
KAI 'AKOUONTE$ 'AQWN TE DIORUTTOMENON KAI "ELLHSPONTON
ZEUGNUMENON KAI TO TWN NEWN PLHQO$, "HGHSANTO 'OUTE KATA
GHN SFISIN 'EINAI SWTHRIAN 'OUTE KATA QALATTAN; 'OUTE-GAR
BOHQHSEIN "AUTOI$ 'OUDENA % MEMNHMENOI "W$ 'OUD' "OTE TO PROTERON
'HLQON KAI TA PERI= 'ERETRIAN DIEPRAXANTO, SFISI GE
'OUDEI$ TO=TE 'EBOHQHSEN 'OUD' 'EKINDUNEUSEN SUMMACOMENO$; 'TAUTON
<P 699B>
DH PROSEDOKWN KAI TO=TE GENHSESQAI TO GE KATA GHN % KAI
KATA QALATTAN D' 'AU PASAN 'APORIAN "EWRWN SWTHRIA$, NEWN
CILIWN KAI 'ETI PLEONWN 'EPIFEROMENWN. MIAN DH SWTHRIAN
SUNENOOUN, LEPTHN MEN-KAI 'APORON, MONHN D'-'OUN, BLEYANTE$
PRO$ TO PROTERON GENOMENON, "W$ 'EX 'APORWN KAI TO=TE 'EFAINETO
GENESQAI TO NIKHSAI0 MACOMENOU$; 'EPI DE TH$ 'ELPIDO$ 'OCOUMENOI
TAUTH$ "HURISKON KATAFUGHN "AUTOI$ 'EI$ "AUTOU$ MONOU$
<P 699C>
'EINAI KAI TOU$ QEOU$. TAUT' 'OUN 'AUTOI$ PANTA FILIAN 'ALLHLWN
'ENEPOIEI, "O FOBO$ "O TO=TE PARWN "O TE 'EK TWN NOMWN TWN
'EMPROSQEN GEGONW$, "ON DOULEUONTE$ TOI$ PROSQEN NOMOI$
'EKEKTHNTO, "HN 'AIDW POLLAKI$ 'EN TOI$ 'ANW LOGOI$ 'EIPOMEN,
"HI KAI DOULEUEIN 'EFAMEN DEIN TOU$ MELLONTA$ 'AGAQOU$ 'ESESQAI,
"H$ "O DEILO$ 'ELEUQERO$ KAI 'AFOBO$; "ON 'EI TO=TE MH DEO$ 'ELABEN,
'OUK 'AN4 POTE SUNELQWN 'HMUNATO, 'OUD' 'HMUNEN "IEROI$ TE-KAI
TAFOI$ KAI PATRIDI KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ 'OIKEIOI$ TE "AMA KAI FILOI$,
<P 699D>
"WSPER TO=T' 'EBOHQHSEN, 'ALLA= KATA SMIKRA 'AN4 'EN TW*I TO=TE
"HMWN "EKASTO$ SKEDASQEI$ 'ALLO$ 'ALLOSE DIESPARH.
ME ^ KAI MALA, 'W* XENE, 'ORQW$ TE 'EIRHKA$ KAI SAUTWI TE-KAI
THI PATRIDI PREPONTW$.
AQ ^ 'ESTI TAUTA, 'W* MEGILLE; PRO$ GAR SE TA 'EN TW*I
TO=TE CRONWI GENOMENA, KOINWNON THI TWN PATERWN GEGONOTA
FUSEI, DIKAION LEGEIN. 'EPISKOPEI5 MHN-KAI SU KAI KLEINIA$
'EI TI PRO$ THN NOMOQESIAN PROSHKONTA LEGOMEN; 'OU-GAR MUQWN
<P 699E>
"ENEKA DIEXERCOMAI, "OU2 LEGW0 D' "ENEKA. "ORATE3 GAR; 'EPEIDH
TINA TROPON 'TAUTON "HMIN SUMBEBHKEI PAQO$ "OPER PERSAI$,
'EKEINOI$ MEN 'EPI PASAN DOULEIAN 'AGOUSIN4 TON DHMON, "HMIN D'
'AU 'TOUNANTION 'EPI PASAN 'ELEUQERIAN PROTREPOUSI4 TA PLHQH,
PW*$ DH-KAI TI= LEGWMEN 'TOUNTEUQEN, "OI PROGEGONOTE$ "HMIN
'EMPROSQEN LOGOI TROPON TINA KALW$ 'EISIN-'EIRHMENOI.


<P 700A>
ME ^ LEGEI$ 'EU; PEIRW5 D' 'ETI SAFESTERON "HMIN SHMHNAI0
TO NU*N LEGOMENON.
AQ ^ 'ESTAI TAUTA. 'OUK 'H*N, 'W* FILOI, "HMIN 'EPI TWN
PALAIWN NOMWN "O DHMO$ TINWN KURIO$, 'ALLA= TROPON TINA
"EKWN 'EDOULEUE TOI$ NOMOI$.
ME ^ POI=OI$ DH LEGEI$:
AQ ^ TOI$ PERI= THN MOUSIKHN PRWTON THN TO=TE, "INA 'EX
'ARCH$ DIELQWMEN THN TOU* 'ELEUQEROU LIAN 'EPIDOSIN BIOU.
DIHIRHMENH GAR-DH TO=TE 'H*N "HMIN "H MOUSIKH KATA 'EIDH TE
<P 700B>
"EAUTH$ 'ATTA KAI SCHMATA, KAI TI 'H*N 'EIDO$ 'WIDH$ 'EUCAI PRO$
QEOU$, 'ONOMA DE "UMNOI 'EPEKALOUNTO; KAI TOUTWI DH TO 'ENANTION
'H*N 'WIDH$ "ETERON 'EIDO$ % QRHNOU$ DE TI$ 'AN4 'AUTOU$ MALISTA
'EKALESEN % KAI PAIWNE$ "ETERON, KAI 'ALLO, DIONUSOU GENESI$
'OIMAI, DIQURAMBO$ LEGOMENO$. NOMOU$ TE 'AUTO TOUTO 'TOUNOMA
'EKALOUN, 'WIDHN "W$ TINA "ETERAN; 'EPELEGON DE KIQARWIDIKOU$.
TOUTWN DH DIATETAGMENWN KAI 'ALLWN TINWN, 'OUK 'EXHN 'ALLO
<P 700C>
'EI$ 'ALLO KATACRHSQAI MELOU$ 'EIDO$; TO DE KURO$ TOUTWN
GNWNAI0 TE-KAI "AMA GNONTA DIKASAI0, ZHMIOUN0 TE 'AU TON MH
PEIQOMENON, 'OU SURIGX 'H*N 'OUDE TINE$ 'AMOUSOI BOAI PLHQOU$,
KAQAPER TA NU*N, 'OUD' 'AU KROTOI 'EPAINOU$ 'APODIDONTE$, 'ALLA=
TOI$ MEN GEGONOSI PERI= PAIDEUSIN DEDOGMENON 'AKOUEIN 'H*N
'AUTOI$ META SIGH$ DIA= TELOU$, PAISI DE-KAI PAIDAGWGOI$ KAI
TW*I PLEISTWI 'OCLWI "RABDOU KOSMOUSH$ "H NOUQETHSI$ 'EGIGNETO.
<P 700D>
TAUT' 'OUN "OUTW TETAGMENW$ 'HQELEN 'ARCESQAI TWN POLITWN TO
PLHQO$, KAI MH TOLMAN KRINEIN0 DIA= QORUBOU; META DE TAUTA,
PROIONTO$ TOU* CRONOU, 'ARCONTE$ MEN TH$ 'AMOUSOU PARANOMIA$
POIHTAI 'EGIGNONTO FUSEI MEN POIHTIKOI, 'AGNWMONE$ DE PERI=
TO DIKAION TH$ MOUSH$ KAI TO NOMIMON, BAKCEUONTE$ KAI
MALLON TOU* DEONTO$ KATECOMENOI "UF' "HDONH$, KERANNUNTE$ DE
QRHNOU$ TE "UMNOI$ KAI PAIWNA$ DIQURAMBOI$, KAI 'AULWIDIA$
DH TAI$ KIQARWIDIAI$ MIMOUMENOI, KAI PANTA 'EI$ PANTA SUNAGONTE$,
<P 700E>
MOUSIKH$ 'AKONTE$ "UP' 'ANOIA$ KATAYEUDOMENOI "W$
'ORQOTHTA MEN 'OUK 'ECOI 'OUD' "HNTINOUN MOUSIKH, "HDONHI DE THI
TOU* CAIRONTO$, 'EI=TE BELTIWN 'EI=TE CEIRWN 'AN4 'EIH TI$, KRINOITO0
'ORQOTATA. TOIAUTA DH POIOUNTE$ POIHMATA, LOGOU$ TE 'EPILEGONTE$
TOIOUTOU$, TOI$ POLLOI$ 'ENEQESAN PARANOMIAN 'EI$ THN
MOUSIKHN KAI TOLMAN "W$ "IKANOI$ 'OUSIN KRINEIN0; "OQEN DH TA


<P 701A>
QEATRA 'EX 'AFWNWN FWNHENT' 'EGENONTO, "W$ 'EPAIONTA 'EN
MOUSAI$ TO TE KALON KAI MH, KAI 'ANTI 'ARISTOKRATIA$ 'EN 'AUTHI
QEATROKRATIA TI$ PONHRA GEGONEN0. 'EI GAR-DH-KAI DHMOKRATIA
'EN 'AUTHI TI$ MONON 'EGENETO 'ELEUQERWN 'ANDRWN, 'OUDEN 'AN4 PANU
GE DEINON 'H*N TO GEGONO$; NU*N DE 'HRXE MEN "HMIN 'EK MOUSIKH$
"H PANTWN 'EI$ PANTA SOFIA$ DOXA KAI PARANOMIA, SUNEFESPETO
DE 'ELEUQERIA. 'AFOBOI GAR 'EGIGNONTO "W$ 'EIDOTE$, "H
DE 'ADEIA 'ANAISCUNTIAN 'ENETEKEN; TO GAR THN TOU* BELTIONO$
<P 701B>
DOXAN MH FOBEISQAI DIA= QRASO$, TOUT' 'AUTO 'ESTIN SCEDON
"H PONHRA 'ANAISCUNTIA, DIA= DH TINO$ 'ELEUQERIA$ LIAN
'APOTETOLMHMENH$.
ME ^ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
AQ ^ 'EFEXH$ DH TAUTHI THI 'ELEUQERIA\ "H TOU* MH 'EQELEIN TOI$
'ARCOUSI4 DOULEUEIN GIGNOIT' 'AN4, KAI "EPOMENH TAUTHI FEUGEIN
PATRO$ KAI MHTRO$ KAI PRESBUTERWN DOULEIAN KAI NOUQETHSIN,
KAI 'EGGU$ TOU* TELOU$ 'OUSIN NOMWN ZHTEIN MH "UPHKOOI$ 'EINAI,
<P 701C>
PRO$ 'AUTWI DE 'HDH TW*I TELEI "ORKWN KAI PISTEWN KAI TO PARAPAN
QEWN MH FRONTIZEIN, THN LEGOMENHN PALAIAN TITANIKHN FUSIN
'EPIDEIKNUSI2 KAI MIMOUMENOI$, 'EPI TA 'AUTA PALIN 'EKEINA 'AFIKOMENOU$,
CALEPON 'AIWNA DIAGONTA$ MH LHXAI0 POTE KAKWN. TI=NO$
DH-KAI TAUQ' "HMIN 'AU CARIN 'ELECQH: DEIN FAINETAI 'EMOIGE
"OIONPER "IPPON TON LOGON "EKASTOTE 'ANALAMBANEIN, KAI MH
KAQAPER 'ACALINON KEKTHMENON TO STOMA, BIA\ "UPO TOU* LOGOU
<P 701D>
FEROMENON, KATA THN PAROIMIAN 'APO TINO$ 'ONOU PESEIN, 'ALL'
'EPANERWTAN TO NUNDH LECQEN, TO TI=NO$ DH CARIN "ENEKA TAUTA
'ELECQH:
ME ^ KALW$.
AQ ^ TAUTA TOINUN 'EIRHTAI 'EKEINWN "ENEKA.
ME ^ TI=NWN:
AQ ^ 'ELEXAMEN "W$ TON NOMOQETHN DEI TRIWN STOCAZOMENON
NOMOQETEIN, "OPW$ "H NOMOQETOUMENH POLI$ 'ELEUQE=RA TE 'ESTAI
KAI FILH "EAUTHI KAI NOUN "EXEI2. TAUT' 'H*N; 'H*-GAR:
ME ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
<P 701E>
AQ ^ TOUTWN "ENEKA DH POLITEIA$ THN TE DESPOTIKWTATHN
PROELOMENOI KAI THN 'ELEUQERIKWTATHN, 'EPISKOPOUMEN NUNI
POTE=RA TOUTWN 'ORQW$ POLITEUETAI; LABONTE$ DE 'AUTWN "EKATERA$
METRIOTHTA TINA, TWN MEN TOU* DESPOZEIN, TWN DE TOU*
'ELEUQERIASAI0, KATEIDOMEN "OTI4 TO=TE DIAFERONTW$ 'EN 'AUTAI$
'EGENETO 'EUPRAGIA, 'EPI DE TO 'AKRON 'AGAGONTWN3 "EKATERWN,
TWN MEN DOULEIA$, TWN DE 'TOUNANTIOU, 'OU SUNHNEGKEN 'OUTE
TOI$ 'OUTE TOI$.


<P 702A>
ME ^ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
AQ ^ KAI-MHN 'AUTWN G' "ENEKA KAI TO DWRIKON 'EQEASAMEQA
KATOIKIZOMENON STRATOPEDON KAI TA$ TOU* DARDANOU "UPWREIA$
TE-KAI THN 'EPI QALATTHI KATOIKISIN, KAI TOU$ PRWTOU$ DH TOU$
PERILIPEI$ GENOMENOU$ TH$ FQORA$, 'ETI DE TOU$ 'EMPROSQEN
TOUTWN GENOMENOU$ "HMIN LOGOU$ PERI= TE MOUSIKH$ KAI MEQH$
KAI TA TOUTWN 'ETI PRO=TERA. TAUTA GAR PANTA 'EIRHTAI TOU*
KATIDEIN "ENEKA PW*$ POT' 'AN4 POLI$ 'ARISTA 'OIKOIH, KAI 'IDIA\
<P 702B>
PW*$ 'AN4 TI$ BELTISTA TON "AUTOU BION DIAGAGOI; 'EI DE-DH TI
PEPOIHKAMEN 'PROURGOU, TI=$ POT' 'AN4 'ELEGCO$ GIGNOITO "HMIN
PRO$ "HMA$-'AUTOU$ LECQEI$, 'W* MEGILLE TE-KAI KLEINIA:
KL ^ 'EGW TINA, 'W* XENE, MOI DOKW0 KATANOEIN. 'EOIKEN0 KATA
TUCHN TINA "HMIN TA TWN LOGWN TOUTWN PANTWN "WN DIEXHLQOMEN
GEGONENAI; SCEDON GAR 'EI$ CREIAN 'AUTWN 'EGWG' 'ELHLUQA TA
NU*N, KAI KATA TINA 'AU KAIRON SU TE PARAGEGONA$ "AMA KAI
<P 702C>
MEGILLO$ "ODE. 'OU-GAR 'APOKRUYOMAI SFW TO NU*N 'EMOI4
SUMBAINON, 'ALLA=-KAI PRO$ 'OIWNON TINA POIOUMAI. "H GAR
PLEISTH TH$ KRHTH$ 'EPICEIREI0 TINA 'APOIKIAN POIHSASQAI,
KAI PROSTATTEI0 TOI$ KNWSIOI$ 'EPIMELHQHNAI TOU* PRAGMATO$,
"H DE TWN KNWSIWN POLI$ 'EMOI4 TE-KAI 'ALLOI$ 'ENNEA; "AMA DE-KAI
NOMOU$ TWN TE 'AUTOQI, 'EI TINE$ "HMA$ 'ARESKOUSIN0, TIQESQAI
KELEUEI0, KAI 'EI TINE$ "ETERWQEN, MHDEN "UPOLOGIZOMENOU$ TO
XENIKON 'AUTWN, 'AN2 BELTIOU$ FAINWNTAI. NU*N 'OUN 'EMOI4 TE-KAI
<P 702D>
"UMIN TAUTHN DWMEN CARIN; 'EK TWN 'EIRHMENWN 'EKLEXANTE$, TW*I
LOGWI SUSTHSWMEQA POLIN, "OION 'EX 'ARCH$ KATOIKIZONTE$,
KAI "AMA MEN "HMIN "OU2 ZHTOUMEN 'EPISKEYI$ GENHSETAI, "AMA
DE 'EGW TAC' 'AN4 CRHSAIMHN 'EI$ THN MELLOUSAN POLIN TAUTHI
THI SUSTASEI.
AQ ^ 'OU POLEMON GE 'EPAGGELLEI$, 'W* KLEINIA; 'ALL' 'EI MH
TI MEGILLWI PROSANTE$, TA PAR' 'EMOU4 GE "HGOU SOI4 PANTA KATA
NOUN "UPARCEIN 'EI$ DUNAMIN.
KL ^ 'EU LEGEI$.
ME ^ KAI-MHN-KAI TA PAR' 'EMOU4.
<P 702E>
KL ^ KALLIST' 'EIRHKATON. 'ATAR PEIRWMEQA2 LOGWI PRWTON
KATOIKIZEIN THN POLIN.


<B NOM4>


<P 704A>
AQ ^ FERE DH, TI=NA DEI DIANOHQHNAI POTE THN POLIN
'ESESQAI: LEGW0 DE 'OUTI 'TOUNOMA 'AUTH$ 'ERWTWN "OTI2 POT' 'ESTI
TA NU*N, 'OUDE 'EI$ TON 'EPEITA CRONON "OTI2 DEHSEI2 KALEIN0 'AUTHN %
TOUTO MEN-GAR TAC' 'AN4 'ISW$ KAI "O KATOIKISMO$ 'AUTH$ 'H= TI$
TOPO$, 'H= POTAMOU TINO$ 'H= KRHNH$ 'H= QEWN 'EPWNUMIA TWN 'EN TW*I
<P 704B>
TOPWI, PROSQEIH THN "AUTWN FHMHN KAINHI GENOMENHI THI POLEI %
TODE DE PERI= 'AUTH$ 'ESTIN "O= BOULOMENO$ MALLON 'EPERWTW0,
POTERON 'EPIQALATTIDIO$ 'ESTAI TI$ 'H= CERSAI=A.
KL ^ SCEDON, 'W* XENE, 'APECEI0 QALATTH$ GE "H POLI$, "H$ PE=RI
TA NUNDH LECQENTA "HMIN, 'EI$ TINA$ 'OGDOHKONTA STADIOU$.
AQ ^ TI= DE: LIMENE$ 'A*R' 'EISIN KATA TAUTA 'AUTH$, 'H= TO
PARAPAN 'ALIMENO$:
KL ^ 'EULIMENO$ MEN-'OUN TAUTHI GE "W$ DUNATON 'ESTIN
MALISTA, 'W* XENE.
<P 704C>
AQ ^ PAPAI, "OION LEGEI$. TI= DE PERI= 'AUTHN "H CWRA:
PO=TERA PAMFORO$ 'H=-KAI TINWN 'EPIDEH$:
KL ^ SCEDON 'OUDENO$ 'EPIDEH$.
AQ ^ GEITWN DE 'AUTH$ POLI$ 'A*R' 'ESTAI TI$ PLHSION:
KL ^ 'OU PANU, DIO KAI KATOIKIZETAI; PALAIA GAR TI$ 'EXOIKHSI$
'EN TW*I TOPWI GENOMENH THN CWRAN TAUTHN 'ERHMON
'APEIRGASTAI CRONON 'AMHCANON "OSON.
AQ ^ TI= DE PEDIWN TE-KAI 'ORWN KAI "ULH$: PW*$ MERO$
"EKASTWN "HMIN 'EILHCEN0:
KL ^ PROSEOIKE0 THI TH$ 'ALLH$ KRHTH$ FUSEI "OLHI.
<P 704D>
AQ ^ TRACUTERAN 'AUTHN 'H= PEDIEINOTERAN 'AN4 LEGOI$.
KL ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ 'OU-TOINUN 'ANIATO$ GE 'AN4 'EIH PRO$ 'ARETH$ KTHSIN.
'EI MEN-GAR 'EPIQALATTI=A TE 'EMELLEN 'EINAI KAI 'EULIMENO$ KAI
MH PAMFORO$ 'ALL' 'EPIDEH$ POLLWN, MEGALOU TINO$ 'EDEI
SWTHRO$ TE 'AUTHI KAI NOMOQETWN QEIWN TINWN, 'EI MH POLLA
TE 'EMELLEN 'HQH KAI POIKILA KAI FAULA "EXEIN TOIAUTH FUSEI
GENOMENH; NU*N DE PARAMUQION 'ECEI0 TO TWN 'OGDOHKONTA STADIWN.
'EGGUTERON MENTOI TOU* DEONTO$ KEITAI TH$ QALATTH$,


<P 705A>
SCEDON "OSON 'EULIMENWTERAN 'AUTHN FH=I$ 'EINAI, "OMW$ DE 'AGAPHTON
KAI TOUTO. PROSOIKO$ GAR QALATTA CWRA\ TO MEN
PAR' "EKASTHN "HMERAN "HDU, MALA GE-MHN 'ONTW$ "ALMURON1 KAI
PIKRON GEITONHMA1; 'EMPORIA$ GAR-KAI CRHMATISMOU DIA= KAPHLEIA$
'EMPIMPLASA 'AUTHN, 'HQH PALIMBOLA KAI 'APISTA TAI$
YUCAI$ 'ENTIKTOUSA, 'AUTHN TE PRO$ "AUTHN THN POLIN 'APISTON
KAI 'AFILON POIEI0 KAI PRO$ TOU$ 'ALLOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ "WSAUTW$.
PARAMUQION DE-DH PRO$ TAUTA KAI TO PAMFORO$ 'EINAI KEKTHTAI,
<P 705B>
TRACEIA DE 'OUSA DHLON "W$ 'OUK 'AN4 POLUFORO$ TE 'EIH KAI
PAMFORO$ "AMA; TOUTO GAR 'ECOUSA, POLLHN 'EXAGWGHN 'AN4
PARECOMENH, NOMISMATO$ 'ARGUROU KAI CRUSOU PALIN 'ANTEMPIMPLAIT'
'AN4, "OU2 MEIZON KAKON "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN POLEI 'ANQ'
"ENO$ "EN 'OUDEN 'AN4 GIGNOITO 'EI$ GENNAIWN KAI DIKAIWN 'HQWN
KTHSIN, "W$ 'EFAMEN, 'EI MEMNHMEQA, 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN LOGOI$.
KL ^ 'ALLA= MEMNHMEQA, KAI SUGCWROUMEN TO=TE LEGEIN
"HMA$ 'ORQW$ KAI TA NU*N.
<P 705C>
AQ ^ TI= DE-DH: NAUPHGHSIMH$ "ULH$ "O TOPO$ "HMIN TH$
CWRA$ PW*$ 'ECEI0:
KL ^ 'OUK 'ESTIN 'OUTE TI$ 'ELATH LOGOU 'AXI=A 'OUT' 'AU PEUKH,
KUPARITTO$ TE 'OU POLLH; PITUN T' 'AU KAI PLATANON 'OLIGHN
'AN4 "EUROI TI$, "OI$ DH PRO$ TA TWN 'ENTO$ TWN PLOIWN MERH
'ANAGKAION TOI$ NAUPHGOI$ CRHSQAI "EKASTOTE.
AQ ^ KAI TAUTA 'OUK 'AN4 KAKW$ 'ECOI THI CWRA\ TH$ FUSEW$.
KL ^ TI= DH:
AQ ^ MIMHSEI$ PONHRA$ MIMEISQAI TOU$ POLEMIOU$ MH
<P 705D>
"RA\DIW$ DUNASQAI TINA POLIN 'AGAQON.
KL ^ 'EI$ DH TI= TWN 'EIRHMENWN BLEYA$ 'EIPE$ "O= LEGEI$:
AQ ^ 'W* DAIMONIE, FULATTE ME 'EI$ TO KAT' 'ARCA$ 'EIRHMENON
'APOBLEPWN, TO PERI= TWN KRHTIKWN NOMWN "W$ PRO$
"EN TI BLEPOIEN, KAI-DH-KAI TOUT' 'ELEGETHN 'AUTO 'EINAI SFW
TO PRO$ TON POLEMON, 'EGW DE "UPOLABWN 'EIPON "W$ "OTI3 MEN
'EI$ 'ARETHN POI BLEPOI TA TOIAUTA NOMIMA KEIMENA, KALW$
'ECOI, TO DE "OTI3 PRO$ MERO$ 'ALL' 'OU PRO$ PASAN SCEDON, 'OU
<P 705E>
PANU SUNECWROUN; NU*N 'OUN "UMEI$ MOI TH$ PAROUSH$ NOMOQESIA$
'ANTIFULAXATE "EPOMENOI, 'EA=N 'A=RA TI MH PRO$ 'ARETHN
TEINON 'H= PRO$ 'ARETH$ MORION NOMOQETW3. TOUTON GAR-DH
TIQESQAI TON NOMON 'ORQW$ "UPOTIQEMAI MONON, "O$4 'AN4 DIKHN


<P 706A>
TOXOTOU "EKASTOTE STOCAZHTAI TOUTOU "OTWI 'AN4 SUNECW$ TOUTWN
'AEI KALON TI SUNEPHTAI MONWI, TA DE 'A=LLA SUMPANTA PARALEIPHI5,
'EANTE TI$ PLOUTO$ 'EANTE-'A=RA TI TWN 'ALLWN TWN
TOIOUTWN 'ON TUGCANHI5 'ANEU TWN PROEIRHMENWN. THN DE-DH
MIMHSIN 'ELEGON THN TWN POLEMIWN THN KAKHN TOIANDE GIGNESQAI,
"OTAN 'OIKHI5 MEN TI$ PRO$ QALATTHI, LUPHTAI D' "UPO
POLEMIWN, "OION % FRASW2 GAR 'OUTI MNHSIKAKEIN BOULOMENO$
"UMIN % MINW$ GAR-DH POTE TOU$ 'OIKOUNTA$ THN 'ATTIKHN
<P 706B>
PARESTHSATO 'EI$ CALEPHN TINA FORAN DASMOU, DUNAMIN
POLLHN KATA QALATTAN KEKTHMENO$, "OI D'-'OUTE PW PLOIA
'EKEKTHNTO, KAQAPER NU*N, POLEMIKA, 'OUT' 'AU THN CWRAN PLHRH
NAUPHGHSIMWN XULWN "WST' 'EUMARW$ NAUTIKHN PARASCESQAI
DUNAMIN; 'OU=KOUN "OIOI-T'-'EGENONTO DIA= MIMHSEW$ NAUTIKH$
'AUTOI NAUTAI GENOMENOI 'EUQU$ TO=TE TOU$ POLEMIOU$ 'AMUNASQAI.
'ETI GAR 'AN4 PLEONAKI$ "EPTA 'APOLESAI0 PAIDA$ 'AUTOI$
<P 706C>
SUNHNEGKEN, PRIN 'ANTI PEZWN "OPLITWN MONIMWN NAUTIKOU$
GENOMENOU$ 'EQISQHNAI, PUKNA 'APOPHDWNTA$, DROMIKW$ 'EI$ TA$
NAU$ TACU PALIN 'APOCWREIN, KAI DOKEIN MHDEN 'AISCRON POIEIN
MH TOLMWNTA$ 'APOQNHISKEIN MENONTA$ 'EPIFEROMENWN POLEMIWN,
'ALL' 'EIKUIA$ 'AUTOI$ GIGNESQAI PROFASEI$ KAI SFO=DRA
"ETOIMA$ "OPLA TE 'APOLLUSIN2 KAI FEUGOUSI4 DH TINA$ 'OUK
'AISCRA$, "W$ FASIN0, FUGA$. TAUTA GAR 'EK NAUTIKH$ "OPLITEIA$
"RHMATA FILEI0 SUMBAINEIN, 'OUK 'A=XIA 'EPAINWN POLLAKI$
<P 706D>
MURIWN, 'ALLA= 'TOUNANTION; 'EQH GAR PONHRA 'OUDEPOTE 'EQIZEIN
DEI, KAI TAUTA TO TWN POLITWN BELTISTON MERO$. 'H*N2 DE-POU
TOUTO GE-KAI PAR' "OMHROU LABEIN, "OTI4 TO 'EPITHDEUMA 'H*N
TO TOIOUTON 'OU KALON. 'ODUSSEU$ GAR 'AUTWI LOIDOREI0 TON
'AGAMEMNONA, TWN 'ACAIWN TO=TE "UPO TWN TRWWN KATECOMENWN
THI MACHI, KELEUONTA TA$ NAU$ 'EI$ THN QALATTAN
KAQELKEIN, "O DE CALEPAINEI0 TE 'AUTWI KAI LEGEI0 %
<P 706E>
"O$94 KELEAI9 POLEMOIO9 SUNESTAOTO$9 KAI9 'AUTH$9
NHA$9 'EUSELMOU$1 "ALAD'9 "ELKEIN1, 'OFR'9 'ETI9 MALLON9
TRWSI9 MEN9 'EUKTA9 GENHTAI9 'EELDOMENOISI1 PER9 'EMPH$9,
"HMIN9 D'9 'AIPU$9 'OLEQRO$9 'EPIRREPHI95; 'OU9-GAR9 'ACAIOI9
SCHSOUSIN92 POLEMOU1 NHWN9 "ALAD'9 "ELKOMENAWN9,
'ALL'9 'APOPAPTANEOUSIN92, 'ERWHSOUSI92 DE9 CARMH$9;


<P 707A>
'ENQA9 KE9 SH9 BOULH9 DHLHSETAI9, "OI*'1 'AGOREUEI$1.
TAUT' 'OUN 'EGIGNWSKE KAI 'EKEINO$, "OTI4 KAKON 'EN QALATTHI
TRIHREI$ "OPLITAI$ PARESTWSAI MACOMENOI$; KAI LEONTE$ 'AN4
'ELAFOU$ 'EQISQEIEN FEUGEIN TOIOUTOI$ 'EQESI CRWMENOI. PRO$
DE TOUTOI$ "AI DIA= TA NAUTIKA POLEWN DUNAMEI$ "AMA SWTHRIA\
TIMA$ 'OU TW*I KALLISTWI TWN POLEMIKWN 'APODIDOASIN; DIA=
KUBERNHTIKH$ GAR-KAI PENTHKONTARCIA$ KAI 'ERETIKH$, KAI
<P 707B>
PANTODAPWN KAI 'OU PANU SPOUDAIWN 'ANQRWPWN GIGNOMENH$,
TA$ TIMA$ "EKASTOI$ 'OUK 'AN4 DUNAITO 'ORQW$ 'APODIDONAI TI$.
KAITOI PW*$ 'AN4 'ETI POLITEIA GIGNOITO 'ORQH TOUTOU STEROMENH:
KL ^ SCEDON 'ADUNATON. 'ALLA=-MHN, 'W* XENE, THN GE PERI=
SALAMINA NAUMACIAN TWN "ELLHNWN PRO$ TOU$ BARBAROU$
GENOMENHN "HMEI$ GE "OI KRHTE$ THN "ELLADA FAMEN SWSAI0.
AQ ^ KAI-GAR "OI POLLOI TWN "ELLHNWN TE-KAI BARBARWN
<P 707C>
LEGOUSI0 TAUTA. "HMEI$ DE, 'W* FILE, 'EGW TE-KAI "ODE, MEGILLO$,
FAMEN THN PEZHN MACHN THN 'EN MARAQWNI GENOMENHN
KAI 'EN PLATAIAI$, THN MEN 'ARXAI0 TH$ SWTHRIA$ TOI$ "ELLHSI,
THN DE TELO$ 'EPIQEINAI0, KAI TA$ MEN BELTIOU$ TOU$ "ELLHNA$
POIHSAI0, TA$ DE 'OU BELTIOU$, "IN' "OUTW$ LEGWMEN PERI= TWN
TO=TE SUSSWSASWN "HMA$ MACWN; PRO$ GAR THI PERI= SALAMINA
THN PERI= TO 'ARTEMISION SOI4 PROSQHSW2 KATA QALATTAN MACHN.
<P 707D>
'ALLA=-GAR 'APOBLEPONTE$ NU*N PRO$ POLITEIA$ 'ARETHN, KAI
CWRA$ FUSIN SKOPOUMEQA KAI NOMWN TAXIN, 'OU TO SWIZESQAI
TE-KAI 'EINAI MONON 'ANQRWPOI$ TIMIWTATON "HGOUMENOI, KAQAPER
"OI POLLOI, TO D' "W$ BELTISTOU$ GIGNESQAI TE-KAI 'EINAI
TOSOUTON CRONON "OSON 'AN4 'WSIN; 'EIRHTAI D' "HMIN 'OIMAI KAI
TOUTO 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN.
KL ^ TI= MHN:
AQ ^ TOUTO TOINUN SKOPWMEQA MONON, 'EI KATA THN 'AUTHN
"ODON 'ERCOMEQA BELTISTHN 'OUSAN POLESI KATOIKISEWN PE=RI
KAI NOMOQESIWN.
KL ^ KAI POLU GE.
<P 707E>
AQ ^ LEGE DH-TOINUN TO TOUTOI$ "EXH$; TI=$ "O KATOIKIZOMENO$
"UMIN LEW$ 'ESTAI: POTERON 'EX "APASH$ KRHTH$ "O 'EQELWN,
"W$ 'OCLOU TINO$ 'EN TAI$ POLESIN "EKASTAI$ GEGENHMENOU
PLEIONO$ 'H= KATA THN 'EK TH$ GH$ TROFHN: 'OU-GAR-POU TON
BOULOMENON GE "ELLHNWN SUNAGETE0. KAITOI TINA$ "UMIN 'EK
TE 'ARGOU$ "ORW0 KAI 'AIGINH$ KAI 'ALLOQEN TWN "ELLHNWN 'EI$


<P 708A>
THN CWRAN KATWIKISMENOU$. TO DE-DH PARON "HMIN LEGE PO=QEN
'ESESQAI FH=I$ STRATOPEDON TWN POLITWN TA NU*N:
KL ^ 'EK TE KRHTH$ SUMPASH$ 'EOIKEN0 GENHSESQAI, KAI
TWN 'ALLWN DE "ELLHNWN MALISTA MOI FAINONTAI TOU$ 'APO
PELOPONNHSOU PROSDEXASQAI SUNOIKOU$. KAI-GAR "O= NU*N
DH LEGEI$, 'ALHQE$ FRAZEI$, "W$ 'EX 'ARGOU$ 'EISIN, KAI TO GE
MALIST' 'EUDOKIMOUN TA NU*N 'ENQADE GENO$, TO GORTUNIKON; 'EK
GORTUNO$ GAR TUGCANEI0 'APWIKHKO$ TAUTH$ TH$
PELOPONNHSIAKH$.
<P 708B>
AQ ^ 'OU-TOINUN 'EUKOLO$ "OMOIW$ GIGNOIT' 'AN4 "O KATOIKISMO$
TAI$ POLESIN, "OTAN MH TON TWN 'ESMWN GIGNHTAI TROPON, "EN
GENO$ 'APO MIA$ 'ION CWRA$ 'OIKIZHTAI, FILON PARA FILWN,
STENOCWRIA\ TINI POLIORKHBEN GH$ 'H= TISIN 'ALLOI$ TOIOUTOI$
PAQHMASIN 'ANAGKASQEN. 'ESTIN D' "OTE KAI STASESIN BIAZOMENON
'ANAGKAZOIT' 'AN4 "ETERWSE 'APOXENOUSQAI POLEW$ TI
MORION; 'HDH DE POTE KAI SUNAPASA POLI$ TINWN 'EFUGEN,
'ARDHN KREITTONI KRATHQEISA POLEMWI. TAUT' 'OUN PANT' 'ESTI
<P 708C>
THI MEN "RA\W KATOIKIZESQAI TE-KAI NOMOQETEISQAI, THI DE CALEPW=TERA.
TO MEN-GAR "EN TI 'EINAI GENO$ "OMOFWNON KAI "OMONOMON
'ECEI0 TINA FILIAN, KOINWNON "IERWN 'ON KAI TWN TOIOUTWN
PANTWN, NOMOU$ D' "ETEROU$ KAI POLITEIA$ 'ALLA$ TWN 'OIKOQEN
'OUK 'EUPETW$ 'ANECETAI, TO D' 'ENIOTE PONHRIA\ NOMWN 'ESTASIAKO$
KAI DIA= SUNHQEIAN ZHTOUN 'ETI CRHSQAI TOI$ 'AUTOI$
'HQESIN DI' "A KAI PROTERON 'EFQARH, CALEPON TW*I KATOIKIZONTI
<P 708D>
KAI NOMOQETOUNTI KAI DUSPEIQE$ GIGNETAI; TO D' 'AU
PANTODAPON 'E$ 'TAUTON SUNERRUHKO$ GENO$ "UPAKOUSAI0 MEN
TINWN NOMWN KAINWN TACA 'AN4 'EQELHSEIE MALLON, TO DE SUMPNEUSAI0,
KAI KAQAPER "IPPWN ZEUGO$ KAQ' "ENA 'EI$ 'TAUTON, TO
LEGOMENON, SUMFUSHSAI0, CRONOU POLLOU KAI PAGCALEPON.
'ALL' 'ONTW$ 'ESTIN NOMOQESIA KAI POLEWN 'OIKISMOI PANTWN
TELEWTATON PRO$ 'ARETHN 'ANDRWN.
KL ^ 'EIKO$; "OPHI D' 'AU BLEPWN TOUT' 'EIRHKA$, FRAZ' 'ETI
SAFESTERON.
<P 708E>
AQ ^ 'WGAQE, 'EOIKA PERI= NOMOQETWN 'EPANIWN KAI SKOPWN
"AMA 'EREIN2 TI KAI FAULON; 'ALL' 'EA=N PRO$ KAIRON TINA LEGWMEN,
PRAGM' 'OUDEN GIGNOIT' 'AN4 'ETI. KAITOI TI= POTE DUSCERAINW0:
SCEDON GAR-TOI PANTA "OUTW$ 'EOIK'0 'ECEIN TA 'ANQRWPINA.
KL ^ TOU*2 DH PE=RI LEGEI$:


<P 709A>
AQ ^ 'EMELLON LEGEIN "W$ 'OUDEI$ POTE 'ANQRWPWN 'OUDEN
NOMOQETEI0, TUCAI DE-KAI SUMFORAI PANTOIAI PIPTOUSAI PANTOIW$
NOMOQETOUSI0 TA PANTA "HMIN. 'H= GAR POLEMO$ TI$
BIASAMENO$ 'ANETREYE POLITEIA$ KAI METEBALE NOMOU$, 'H=
PENIA$ CALEPH$ 'APORIA; POLLA DE-KAI NOSOI 'ANAGKAZOUSI0
KAINOTOMEIN, LOIMWN TE 'EMPIPTONTWN0, KAI CRONON 'EPI POLUN
'ENIAUTWN POLLWN POLLAKI$ 'AKAIRIAI. TAUTA DH PANTA
PROIDWN TI$ 'A\XEIEN 'AN4 'EIPEIN "OPER 'EGW NUNDH, TO QNHTON
<P 709B>
MEN MHDENA NOMOQETEIN MHDEN, TUCA$ D' 'EINAI SCEDON "APANTA
TA 'ANQRWPINA PRAGMATA; TO D' 'ESTIN2 PERI= TE NAUTILIAN KAI
KUBERNHTIKHN KAI 'IATRIKHN KAI STRATHGIKHN PANTA TAUT'
'EIPONTA DOKEIN 'EU LEGEIN, 'ALLA=-GAR "OMOIW$ 'AU KAI TODE
'ESTIN2 LEGONTA 'EU LEGEIN 'EN TOI$ 'AUTOI$ TOUTOI$.
KL ^ TO POI*ON:
AQ ^ "W$ QEO$ MEN PANTA, KAI META QEOU TUCH KAI KAIRO$,
'TANQRWPINA DIAKUBERNWSI0 SUMPANTA. "HMERWTERON MHN TRITON
<P 709C>
SUGCWRHSAI0 TOUTOI$ DEIN "EPESQAI TECNHN; KAIRWI GAR CEIMWNO$
SULLABESQAI KUBERNHTIKHN 'H= MH, MEGA PLEONEKTHMA
'EGWG' 'AN4 QEIHN. 'H= PW*$:
KL ^ "OUTW$.
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ "WSAUTW$ KATA TON 'AUTON
'AN4 'ECOI LOGON, KAI-DH-KAI NOMOQESIA\ 'TAUTON TOUTO DOTEON;
TWN 'ALLWN SUMPIPTONTWN0, "OSA DEI CWRA\ SUNTUCEIN, 'EI MELLOI
POTE 'EUDAIMONW$ 'OIKHSEIN, TON NOMOQETHN 'ALHQEIA$ 'ECOMENON
THI TOIAUTHI PARAPESEIN "EKASTOTE POLEI DEIN.
KL ^ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
<P 709D>
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N "O GE PRO$ "EKASTON TI TWN 'EIRHMENWN 'ECWN
THN TECNHN 'KAN4 'EUXASQAI POU DUNAITO 'ORQW$, TI= PARON 'AUTWI
DIA= TUCH$, TH$ TECNH$ 'AN4 MONON 'EPIDEOI:
KL ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ "OI TE 'ALLOI GE-DH PANTE$ "OI NUNDH "RHQENTE$, KELEUOMENOI
THN "AUTWN 'EUCHN 'EIPEIN, 'EIPOIEN 'AN4. 'H*-GAR:
KL ^ TI= MHN:
AQ ^ 'TAUTON DH-KAI NOMOQETH$ 'OIMAI DRASEIEN.
KL ^ 'EGWG' 'OIMAI.
AQ ^ FERE DH, NOMOQETA, PRO$ 'AUTON FWMEN, TI= SOI4
<P 709E>
KAI PW*$ POLIN 'ECOUSAN DWMEN, "O= LABWN "EXEI$ "WST' 'EK TWN
LOIPWN 'AUTO$ THN POLIN "IKANW$ DIOIKHSAI0:
KL ^ TI= META TOUT' 'EIPEIN 'ORQW$ 'ESTIN2 'A=RA:
AQ ^ TOU* NOMOQETOU FRAZOMEN TOUTO, 'H*-GAR:
KL ^ NAI.
AQ ^ TODE; TURANNOUMENHN MOI DOTE THN POLIN, FHSEI2;
TURANNO$ D' 'ESTW NEO$ KAI MNHMWN KAI 'EUMAQH$ KAI 'ANDREIO$
KAI MEGALOPREPH$ FUSEI; "O= DE-KAI 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN 'ELEGOMEN
DEIN "EPESQAI SUMPASIN TOI$ TH$ 'ARETH$ MERESI, KAI NU*N THI


<P 710A>
TURANNOUMENHI YUCHI TOUTO SUNEPESQW, 'EA=N MELLHI5 TWN 'ALLWN
"UPARCONTWN0 'OFELO$ 'EINAI TI.
KL ^ SWFROSUNHN MOI DOKEI0 FRAZEIN, 'W* MEGILLE, DEIN
'EINAI THN SUNEPOMENHN "O XENO$. 'H*-GAR:
AQ ^ THN DHMWDH GE, 'W* KLEINIA, KAI 'OUC "HN TI$ SEMNUNWN
'AN4 LEGOI, FRONHSIN PROSANAGKAZWN 'EINAI TO SWFRONEIN,
'ALL' "OPER 'EUQU$ PAISIN KAI QHRIOI$, TOI$ MEN 'AKRATW$ 'ECEIN
PRO$ TA$ "HDONA$, SUMFUTON 'EPANQEI0, TOI$ DE 'EGKRATW$; "O=
<P 710B>
KAI MONOUMENON 'EFAMEN TWN POLLWN 'AGAQWN LEGOMENWN 'OUK
'AXION 'EINAI LOGOU. 'ECETE0 GAR "O= LEGW0 POU.
KL ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ TAUTHN TOINUN "HMIN "O TURANNO$ THN FUSIN
'ECETW PRO$ 'EKEINAI$ TAI$ FUSESIN, 'EI MELLEI0 POLI$ "W$
DUNATON 'ESTI TACISTA KAI 'ARISTA SCHSEIN POLITEIAN
"HN LABOUSA 'EUDAIMONESTATA DIAXEI2. QATTWN GAR TAUTH$
KAI 'AMEINWN POLITEIA$ DIAQESI$ 'OUT' 'ESTIN 'OUT' 'AN4 POTE
GENOITO.
<P 710C>
KL ^ PW*$ DH-KAI TI=NI LOGWI TOUTO, 'W* XENE, LEGWN 'AN4 TI$
'ORQW$ LEGEIN "AUTON PEIQOI:
AQ ^ "RA\DION POU TOUTO GE NOEIN 'EST', 'W* KLEINIA, KATA
FUSIN "W$ 'ESTI TOUQ' "OUTW.
KL ^ PW*$ LEGEI$: 'EI TURANNO$ GENOITO, FH=I$, NEO$, SWFRWN,
'EUMAQH$, MNHMWN, 'ANDREIO$, MEGALOPREPH$:
AQ ^ 'EUTUCH$, PROSQE$, MH KAT' 'ALLO, 'ALLA= TO GENESQAI
TE 'EP' 'AUTOU4 NOMOQETHN 'AXION 'EPAINOU, KAI TINA TUCHN 'EI$
<P 710D>
'TAUTON 'AGAGEIN 'AUTWI; GENOMENOU GAR TOUTOU, PANTA SCEDON
'APEIRGASTAI TW*I QEWI, "APER "OTAN BOULHQHI DIAFERONTW$ 'EU
PRAXAI0 TINA POLIN. DEUTERON DE, 'EA=N POTE TINE$ DUO 'ARCONTE$
GIGNWNTAI TOIOUTOI, TRITON D' 'AU KAI KATA LOGON "WSAUTW$
CALEPWTERON "OSWI PLEIOU$, "OSWI D' 'ENANTION, 'ENANTIW$.
KL ^ 'EK TURANNIDO$ 'ARISTHN FH=I$ GENESQAI POLIN 'AN4, "W$
FAINHI0, META NOMOQETOU GE 'AKROU KAI TURANNOU KOSMIOU, KAI
"RA*ISTA TE-KAI TACIST' 'AN4 METABALEIN2 'EI$ TOUTO 'EK TOU* TOIOUTOU,
<P 710E>
DEUTERON DE 'EX 'OLIGARCIA$ % 'H= PW*$ LEGEI$: KAI TO TRITON
'EK DHMOKRATIA$.
AQ ^ 'OUDAMW$, 'ALL' 'EK TURANNIDO$ MEN PRWTON, DEUTERON
DE 'EK BASILIKH$ POLITEIA$, TRITON DE 'EK TINO$ DHMOKRATIA$.
TO DE TETARTON, 'OLIGARCIA, THN TOU* TOIOUTOU GENESIN CALEPWTATA
DUNAIT' 'AN4 PROSDEXASQAI; PLEISTOI GAR 'EN 'AUTHI
DUNASTAI GIGNONTAI. LEGOMEN DH TAUTA GIGNESQAI TO=TE,
"OTAN 'ALHQH$ MEN NOMOQETH$ GENHTAI FUSEI, KOINH DE 'AUTWI
TI$ SUMBHI6 "RWMH PRO$ TOU$ 'EN THI POLEI MEGISTON DUNAMENOU$;


<P 711A>
"OU4 D' 'AN4 TOUTO 'ARIQMWI MEN BRACUTATON, 'ISCUROTATON DE,
KAQAPER 'EN TURANNIDI, GENHTAI, TAUTHI KAI TO=TE TACO$ KAI
"RA\STWNH TH$ METABOLH$ GIGNESQAI FILEI0.
KL ^ PW*$: 'OU-GAR MANQANOMEN.
AQ ^ KAI-MHN 'EIRHTAI G' "HMIN 'OUC "APAX 'ALL' 'OIMAI POLLAKI$;
"UMEI$ DE TACA 'OUDE TEQEASQE TURANNOUMENHN POLIN.
KL ^ 'OUDE-GE 'EPIQUMHTH$ 'EGWG' 'EIMI TOU* QEAMATO$.
<P 711B>
AQ ^ KAI-MHN TOUTO G' 'AN4 'IDOI$ 'EN 'AUTHI TO NUNDH
LEGOMENON.
KL ^ TO POI*ON:
AQ ^ 'OUDEN DEI0 PONWN 'OUDE TINO$ PAMPOLLOU CRONOU TW*I
TURANNWI METABALEIN2 BOULHQENTI POLEW$ 'HQH, POREUESQAI DE
'AUTON DEI PRWTON TAUTHI, "OPHIPER 'AN4 'EQELHSHI6, 'EANTE PRO$
'ARETH$ 'EPITHDEUMATA, PROTREPESQAI TOU$ POLITA$, 'EANTE 'EPI
'TOUNANTION, 'AUTON PRWTON PANTA "UPOGRAFONTA TW*I PRATTEIN,
<P 711C>
TA MEN 'EPAINOUNTA KAI TIMWNTA, TA D' 'AU PRO$ YOGON 'AGONTA,
KAI TON MH PEIQOMENON 'ATIMAZONTA KAQ' "EKASTA$ TWN PRAXEWN.
KL ^ KAI PW*$ 'OIOMEQA TACU SUNAKOLOUQHSEIN TOU$ 'ALLOU$
POLITA$ TW*I THN TOIAUTHN PEIQW KAI "AMA BIAN 'EILHFOTI:
AQ ^ MHDEI$ "HMA$ PEIQETW, 'W* FILOI, 'ALLHI QATTON KAI
"RA*ION METABALLEIN 'AN4 POTE POLIN TOU$ NOMOU$ 'H= THI TWN
DUNASTEUONTWN0 "HGEMONIA\, MHDE NU*N GE 'ALLHI GIGNESQAI MHD'
'AUQI$ POTE GENHSESQAI. KAI-GAR-'OUN "HMIN 'OU TOUT' 'ESTIN
<P 711D>
'ADUNATON 'OUDE CALEPW$ 'AN4 GENOMENON; 'ALLA= TOD' 'ESTI TO
CALEPON GENESQAI, KAI 'OLIGON DH TO GEGONO$ 'EN TW*I POLLWI
CRONWI, "OTAN DE SUMBHI6, MURIA KAI PANT' 'EN POLEI 'AGAQA
'APERGAZETAI, 'EN "HI POT' 'AN4 'EGGENHTAI.
KL ^ TO POI*ON DH LEGEI$:
AQ ^ "OTAN 'ERW$ QEIO$ TWN SWFRONWN TE-KAI DIKAIWN 'EPITHDEUMATWN
'EGGENHTAI MEGALAI$ TISIN DUNASTEIAI$, 'H= KATA
MONARCIAN DUNASTEUOUSAI$ 'H= KATA PLOUTWN "UPEROCA$ DIAFEROUSAI$
<P 711E>
'H= GENWN, 'H= THN NESTORO$ 'EA=N POTE TI$ 'EPANENEGKHI6
FUSIN, "ON THI TOU* LEGEIN "RWMHI FASI0 PANTWN DIENEGKONTA
'ANQRWPWN PLEON 'ETI TW*I SWFRONEIN DIAFEREIN. TOUT' 'OUN
'EPI MEN TROIA$, "W$ FASI0, GEGONEN0, 'EF' "HMWN DE 'OUDAMW$,
'EI D'-'OUN GEGONEN0 'H=-KAI GENHSETAI TOIOUTO$ 'H= NU*N "HMWN 'ESTIN
TI$, MAKARIW$ MEN 'AUTO$ ZHI0, MAKARIOI DE "OI SUNHKOOI TWN
'EK TOU* SWFRONOUNTO$ STOMATO$ 'IONTWN0 LOGWN. "WSAUTW$ DE-KAI
SUMPASH$ DUNAMEW$ "O 'AUTO$ PE=RI LOGO$, "W$ "OTAN 'EI$


<P 712A>
'TAUTON TW*I FRONEIN TE-KAI SWFRONEIN "H MEGISTH DUNAMI$ 'EN
'ANQRWPWI SUMPESHI6, TO=TE POLITEIA$ TH$ 'ARISTH$ KAI NOMWN
TWN TOIOUTWN FUETAI GENESI$, 'ALLW$ DE 'OU MH POTE GENHTAI.
TAUTA MEN-'OUN KAQAPEREI MUQO$ TI$ LECQEI$ KECRHSMWIDHSQW,
KAI 'EPIDEDEICQW THI MEN CALEPON 'ON TO POLIN 'EUNOMON GIGNESQAI,
THI D', 'EIPER GENOITO "O= LEGOMEN, PANTWN TACISTON
TE-KAI "RA*ISTON MAKRWI.
KL _ PW*$:
<P 712B>
AQ ^ PEIRWMEQA2 PROSARMOTTONTE$ THI POLEI SOI4, KAQAPER
PAIDE$ PRESBUTAI, PLATTEIN TW*I LOGWI TOU$ NOMOU$.
KL ^ 'IWMEN DH-KAI MH MELLWMEN 'ETI.
AQ ^ QEON DH PRO$ THN TH$ POLEW$ KATASKEUHN 'EPIKALWMEQA;
"O DE 'AKOUSEIEN TE-KAI 'AKOUSA$ "ILEW$ 'EUMENH$ TE "HMIN
'ELQOI SUNDIAKOSMHSWN THN TE POLIN KAI TOU$ NOMOU$.
KL _ 'ELQOI GAR-'OUN.
AQ ^ 'ALLA= TI=NA DH POTE POLITEIAN 'ECOMEN 'EN NWI THI
<P 712C>
POLEI PROSTATTEIN:
KL ^ "OION DH TI= LEGEI$ BOULHQEI$: FRAZ' 'ETI SAFESTERON.
"OION DHMOKRATIAN TINA 'H= 'OLIGARCIAN 'H= 'ARISTOKRATIAN
'H= BASILIKHN: 'OU-GAR-DH TURANNIDA GE-POU LEGOI$ 'AN4, "W$ G'
"HMEI$ 'AN4 'OIHQEIMEN.
AQ ^ FERE DH-TOINUN, POTERO$ "UMWN 'APOKRINASQAI PROTERO$
'AN4 'EQELOI, THN 'OIKOI POLITEIAN 'EIPWN TI=$ TOUTWN 'ESTIN:
ME ^ MWN-'OUN TON PRESBUTERON 'EME DIKAIOTERON 'EIPEIN
PROTERON:
<P 712D>
KL ^ 'ISW$.
ME ^ KAI-MHN SUNNOWN GE, 'W* XENE, THN 'EN LAKEDAIMONI
POLITEIAN 'OUK 'ECW0 SOI4 FRAZEIN "OUTW$ "HNTINA PROSAGOREUEIN
'AUTHN DEI. KAI-GAR TURANNIDI DOKEI0 MOI PROSEOIKENAI % TO
GAR TWN 'EFORWN QAUMASTON "W$ TURANNIKON 'EN 'AUTHI GEGONE0 %
KAI TI$ 'ENIOTE MOI FAINETAI PASWN TWN POLEWN DHMOKRATOUMENH
MALIST' 'EOIKENAI. TO D' 'AU MH FANAI 'ARISTOKRATIAN
<P 712E>
'AUTHN 'EINAI PANTAPASIN 'ATOPON; KAI-MEN-DH BASILEIA GE
DIA= BIOU T' 'ESTIN 'EN 'AUTHI KAI 'ARCAIOTATH PASWN KAI PRO$
PANTWN 'ANQRWPWN KAI "HMWN-'AUTWN LEGOMENH. 'EGW DE "OUTW
NU*N 'EXAIFNH$ 'AN4 'ERWTHQEI$, 'ONTW$, "OPER 'EIPON, 'OUK 'ECW
DIORISAMENO$ 'EIPEIN TI=$ TOUTWN 'ESTIN TWN POLITEIWN.
KL ^ 'TAUTON SOI4 PAQO$, 'W* MEGILLE, KATAFAINOMAI PEPONQENAI;
PANU GAR 'APORW0 THN 'EN KNWSWI POLITEIAN TOUTWN
TINA DIISCURIZOMENO$ 'EIPEIN.
AQ ^ 'ONTW$ GAR, 'W* 'ARISTOI, POLITEIWN METECETE0; "A$ DE
'WNOMAKAMEN NU*N, 'OUK 'EISIN POLITEIAI, POLEWN DE 'OIKHSEI$


<P 713A>
DESPOZOMENWN TE-KAI DOULEUOUSWN MERESIN "EAUTWN TISI, TO TOU*
DESPOTOU DE "EKASTH PROSAGOREUETAI KRATO$. CRHN D' 'EIPER
TOU TOIOUTOU THN POLIN 'EDEI 'EPONOMAZESQAI, TO TOU* 'ALHQW$
TWN TON NOUN 'ECONTWN0 DESPOZONTO$ QEOU 'ONOMA LEGESQAI.
KL ^ TI=$ D' "O QEO$:
AQ ^ 'A*R'-'OUN MUQWI SMIKRA G' 'ETI PROSCRHSTEON, 'EI MELLOMEN
'EMMELW$ PW$ DHLWSAI0 TO NU*N 'ERWTWMENON:
KL ^ 'OUKOU*N CRH TAUTHI DRAN:
AQ ^ PANU MEN-'OUN. TWN GAR-DH POLEWN "WN 'EMPROSQE
<P 713B>
TA$ SUNOIKHSEI$ DIHLQOMEN, 'ETI PROTE=RA TOUTWN PAMPOLU
LEGETAI TI$ 'ARCH TE-KAI 'OIKHSI$ GEGONENAI 'EPI KRONOU MAL'
'EUDAIMWN, "H$ MIMHMA 'ECOUSA 'ESTIN "HTI$ TWN NU*N 'ARISTA
'OIKEITAI.
KL ^ SFO=DR' 'AN4, "W$ 'EOIK'0, 'EIH PERI= 'AUTH$ DEON 'AKOUEIN.
AQ ^ 'EMOI4 GOUN FAINETAI; DIO KAI PARHGAGON 'AUTHN 'EI$
TO MESON TOI$ LOGOI$.
KL ^ 'ORQOTATA GE DRWN; KAI TON GE "EXH$ PERAINWN 'AN4
<P 713C>
MUQON, 'EIPER PROSHKWN 'ESTIN, MAL' 'ORQW$ 'AN4 POIOIH$.
AQ ^ DRASTEON "W$ LEGETE0. FHMHN TOINUN PARADEDEGMEQA
TH$ TWN TO=TE MAKARIA$ ZWH$ "W$ 'AFQONA TE-KAI
'AUTOMATA PANT' 'EICEN. "H DE TOUTWN 'AITIA LEGETAI TOIADE
TI$. GIGNWSKWN "O KRONO$ 'A=RA, KAQAPER "HMEI$ DIELHLUQAMEN,
"W$ 'ANQRWPEI=A FUSI$ 'OUDEMIA "IKANH TA 'ANQRWPINA DIOIKOUSA
'AUTOKRATWR PANTA, MH 'OUC "UBREW$ TE-KAI 'ADIKIA$ MESTOUSQAI,
TAUT' 'OUN DIANOOUMENO$ 'EFISTH0 TO=TE BASILEA$ TE-KAI
<P 713D>
'ARCONTA$ TAI$ POLESIN "HMWN, 'OUK 'ANQRWPOU$ 'ALLA= GENOU$
QEIOTEROU TE-KAI 'AMEINONO$, DAIMONA$, "OION NU*N "HMEI$ DRWMEN0
TOI$ POIMNIOI$ KAI "OSWN "HMEROI 'EISIN 'AGELAI; 'OU BOU$ BOWN
'OUDE 'AIGA$ 'AIGWN 'ARCONTA$ POIOUMEN 'AUTOISI TINA$, 'ALL'
"HMEI$ 'AUTWN DESPOZOMEN, 'AMEINON 'EKEINWN GENO$. 'TAUTON DH-KAI
"O QEO$ 'A=RA-KAI FILANQRWPO$ 'WN, TO GENO$ 'AMEINON "HMWN
'EFISTH0 TO TWN DAIMONWN, "O= DIA= POLLH$ MEN 'AUTOI$ "RA\STWNH$,
<P 713E>
POLLH$ D' "HMIN, 'EPIMELOUMENON "HMWN, 'EIRHNHN TE-KAI 'AIDW
KAI 'EUNOMIAN KAI 'AFQONIAN DIKH$ PARECOMENON, 'ASTASIASTA
KAI 'EUDAIMONA TA TWN 'ANQRWPWN 'APHRGAZETO GENH. LEGEI0
DH-KAI NU*N "OUTO$ "O LOGO$, 'ALHQEIA\ CRWMENO$, "W$ "OSWN 'AN4
POLEWN MH QEO$ 'ALLA= TI$ 'ARCHI5 QNHTO$, 'OUK 'ESTIN KAKWN
'AUTOI$ 'OUDE PONWN 'ANAFUXI$; 'ALLA= MIMEISQAI DEIN "HMA$
'OIETAI PASHI MHCANHI TON 'EPI TOU* KRONOU LEGOMENON BION
KAI "OSON 'EN "HMIN 'AQANASIA$ 'ENESTI, TOUTWI PEIQOMENOU$ DHMOSIA\


<P 714A>
KAI 'IDIA\ TA$ T' 'OIKHSEI$ KAI TA$ POLEI$ DIOIKEIN, THN
TOU* NOU DIANOMHN 'EPONOMAZONTA$ NOMON. 'EI D' 'ANQRWPO$ "EI$
'H= 'OLIGARCIA TI$, 'H=-KAI DHMOKRATIA YUCHN 'ECOUSA "HDONWN
KAI 'EPIQUMIWN 'OREGOMENHN KAI PLHROUSQAI TOUTWN DEOMENHN,
STEGOUSAN DE 'OUDEN 'ALL' 'ANHNUTWI KAI 'APLHSTWI KAKWI NOSHMATI
SUNECOMENHN, 'ARXEI2 DH POLEW$ 'H= TINO$ 'IDIWTOU KATAPATHSA$
"O TOIOUTO$ TOU$ NOMOU$, "O= NUNDH 'ELEGOMEN, 'OUK 'ESTI
SWTHRIA$ MHCANH. SKOPEIN DH DEI TOUTON TON LOGON "HMA$,
<P 714B>
'W* KLEINIA, POTERON 'AUTWI PEISOMEQA 'H= PW*$ DRASOMEN.
KL ^ 'ANAGKH DHPOU PEIQESQAI.
AQ ^ 'ENNOEI$ 'OUN "OTI4 NOMWN 'EIDH TINE$ FASIN0 'EINAI TOSAUTA
"OSAPER POLITEIWN, POLITEIWN DE 'ARTI DIELHLUQAMEN
"OSA LEGOUSIN0 "OI POLLOI: MH-DH FAULOU PE=RI NOMISHI$ 'EINAI
THN NU*N 'AMFISBHTHSIN, PERI= DE TOU* MEGISTOU; TO GAR DIKAION
KAI 'ADIKON "OI*4 CRH BLEPEIN, PALIN "HMIN 'AMFISBHTOUMENON
'ELHLUQEN0. 'OUTE-GAR PRO$ TON POLEMON 'OUTE PRO$ 'ARETHN
<P 714C>
"OLHN BLEPEIN DEIN FASI0 TOU$ NOMOU$, 'ALL' "HTI$ 'AN4 KAQESTHKUIA-'H*I
POLITEIA, TAUTHI 'IDEIN TO SUMFERON, "OPW$ 'ARXEI2
TE 'AEI KAI MH KATALUQHSETAI, KAI TON FUSEI "ORON TOU* DIKAIOU
LEGESQAI KALLISQ' "OUTW.
KL ^ PW*$:
AQ ^ "OTI4 TO TOU* KREITTONO$ SUMFERON 'ESTIN.
KL ^ LEG' 'ETI SAFESTERON.
AQ ^ "WDE. TIQETAI DHPOU, FASIN0, TOU$ NOMOU$ 'EN THI
POLEI "EKASTOTE TO KRATOUN. 'H*-GAR:
KL ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
<P 714D>
AQ ^ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OIEI, FASIN0, POTE DHMON NIKHSANTA, 'H= TINA
POLITEIAN 'ALLHN, 'H=-KAI TURANNON, QHSESQAI "EKONTA PRO$ 'ALLO
TI PRWTON NOMOU$ 'H= TO SUMFERON "EAUTWI TH$ 'ARCH$ TOU* MENEIN0:
KL ^ PW*$ GAR 'AN4:
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI "O$4 'AN4 TAUTA TA TEQENTA PARABAINHI5,
KOLASEI2 "O QEMENO$ "W$ 'ADIKOUNTA, DI=KAIA 'EINAI TAUT'
'EPONOMAZWN:
KL ^ 'EOIKE0 GOUN.
AQ ^ TAUT' 'A=R' 'AEI KAI "OUTW KAI TAUTHI TO DIKAION 'AN4 'ECOI.
KL ^ FHSI GOUN "OUTO$ "O LOGO$.
AQ ^ 'ESTI GAR TOUTO "EN 'EKEINWN TWN 'AXIWMATWN
<P 714E>
'ARCH$ PE=RI.
KL ^ POI=WN DH:
AQ ^ TWN "A TO=TE 'EPESKOPOUMEN, TI=NA$ TI=NWN 'ARCEIN DEI.
KAI 'EFANH DH GONEA$ MEN 'EKGONWN, NEWTERWN DE PRESBUTEROU$,
GENNAIOU$ DE 'AGENNWN, KAI SUCN' 'ATTA 'H*N 'A=LL'0, 'EI
MEMNHMEQA, KAI 'EMPO=DIA "E=TERA "ETEROISI; KAI-DH-KAI "EN 'H*N


<P 715A>
'AUTWN TOUTO, KAI 'EFAMEN POU KATA FUSIN TON PINDARON
'AGEIN1 DIKAIOUNTA1 TO9 BIAIOTATON9, "W$ FANAI.
KL ^ NAI, TAUT' 'H*N "A TO=TE 'ELECQH.
AQ ^ SKOPEI5 DH POTEROI$ TISIN "H POLI$ "HMIN 'ESTIN PARADOTEA.
GEGONEN0 GAR-DH MURIAKI$ 'HDH TO TOIOUTON 'EN TISI
POLESIN.
KL ^ TO POI*ON:
AQ ^ 'ARCWN PERIMACHTWN GENOMENWN, "OI NIKHSANTE$ TA
TE PRAGMATA KATA THN POLIN "OUTW$ 'ESFETERISAN SFO=DRA,
"WSTE 'ARCH$ MHD' "OTIOUN METADIDONAI TOI$ "HTTHQEISIN, MHTE
'AUTOI$ MHTE 'EKGONOI$, PARAFULATTONTE$ DE 'ALLHLOU$ ZWSIN0,
<P 715B>
"OPW$ MH POTE TI$ 'EI$ 'ARCHN 'AFIKOMENO$ 'EPANASTHI6 MEMNHMENO$
TWN 'EMPROSQEN GEGONOTWN KAKWN. TAUTA$ DHPOU
FAMEN "HMEI$ NU*N 'OUT' 'EINAI POLITEIA$, 'OUT' 'ORQOU$ NOMOU$
"OSOI MH SUMPASH$ TH$ POLEW$ "ENEKA TOU* KOINOU 'ETEQHSAN;
"OI= D' "ENEKA TINWN, STASIWTA$ 'ALL' 'OU POLITA$ TOUTOU$ FAMEN,
KAI TA TOUTWN DI=KAIA "A FASIN0 'EINAI, MATHN 'EIRHSQAI.
LEGETAI DE TOUD' "ENEKA TAUQ' "HMIN, "W$ "HMEI$ THI SHI POLEI
'ARCA$ 'OUQ' "OTI4 PLOUSIO$ 'ESTIN TI$ DWSOMEN, 'OUQ' "OTI4 TWN
<P 715C>
TOIOUTWN 'ALLO 'OUDEN KEKTHMENO$, 'ISCUN 'H= MEGEQO$ 'H= TI
GENO$; "O$4 D' 'AN4 TOI$ TEQEISI NOMOI$ 'EUPEIQESTATO$ TE 'HI KAI
NIKA*I2 TAUTHN THN NIKHN 'EN THI POLEI, TOUTWI FAMEN KAI THN
TWN QEWN "UPHRESIAN DOTEON 'EINAI THN MEGISTHN TW*I PRWTWI,
KAI DEUTERAN TW*I TA DEU=TERA KRATOUNTI, KAI KATA LOGON "OUTW
TOI$ 'EFEXH$ TA META TAUQ' "EKASTA 'APODOTEON 'EINAI. TOU$
D' 'ARCONTA$ LEGOMENOU$ NU*N "UPHRETA$ TOI$ NOMOI$ 'EKALESA
<P 715D>
'OUTI KAINOTOMIA$ 'ONOMATWN "ENEKA, 'ALL' "HGOUMAI PANTO$
MALLON 'EINAI PARA TOUTO SWTHRIAN TE POLEI KAI 'TOUNANTION.
'EN "HI MEN-GAR 'AN4 'ARCOMENO$-'HI KAI 'AKURO$ NOMO$, FQORAN
"ORW0 THI TOIAUTHI "ETOIMHN 'OUSAN; 'EN "HI DE 'AN4 DESPOTH$ TWN
'ARCONTWN0, "OI DE 'ARCONTE$ DOULOI TOU* NOMOU, SWTHRIAN KAI
PANTA "OSA QEOI POLESIN 'EDOSAN 'AGAQA GIGNOMENA KAQORW0.
KL ^ NAI MA DI=A, 'W* XENE; KAQ' "HLIKIAN GAR 'OXU BLEPEI$.
AQ ^ NEO$ MEN-GAR 'WN PA$ 'ANQRWPO$ TA TOIAUTA 'AMBLUTATA
<P 715E>
'AUTO$ "AUTOU "ORA*I0, GERWN DE 'OXUTATA.
KL ^ 'ALHQESTATA.
AQ ^ TI= DH TO META TAUTA: 'A*R' 'OUC "HKONTA$ MEN-KAI
PARONTA$ QWMEN TOU$ 'EPOIKOU$, TON D' "EXH$ 'AUTOI$ DIAPERANTEON
'AN4 'EIH LOGON:
KL ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ ^ 'ANDRE$ TOINUN FWMEN PRO$ 'AUTOU$, "O MEN-DH
QEO$, "WSPER KAI "O PALAIO$ LOGO$, 'ARCHN TE-KAI TELEUTHN KAI


<P 716A>
MESA TWN 'ONTWN0 "APANTWN 'ECWN, 'EUQEIA\ PERAINEI0 KATA FUSIN
PERIPOREUOMENO$; TW*I DE 'AEI SUNEPETAI DIKH TWN 'APOLEIPOMENWN
TOU* QEIOU NOMOU TIMWRO$, "H$ "O MEN 'EUDAIMONHSEIN
MELLWN 'ECOMENO$ SUNEPETAI TAPEINO$ KAI KEKOSMHMENO$, "O
DE TI$ 'EXARQEI$ "UPO MEGALAUCIA$, 'H= CRHMASIN 'EPAIROMENO$
'H= TIMAI$, 'H=-KAI SWMATO$ 'EUMORFIA\ "AMA NEOTHTI KAI 'ANOIA\
FLEGETAI THN YUCHN MEQ' "UBREW$, "W$ 'OUTE 'ARCONTO$ 'OUTE
TINO$ "HGEMONO$ DEOMENO$, 'ALLA=-KAI 'ALLOI$ "IKANO$ 'WN "HGEISQAI,
<P 716B>
KATALEIPETAI 'ERHMO$ QEOU, KATALEIFQEI$ DE-KAI 'ETI
'ALLOU$ TOIOUTOU$ PROSLABWN SKIRTA*I0 TARATTWN PANTA "AMA,
KAI POLLOI$ TISIN 'EDOXEN 'EINAI TI$, META DE CRONON 'OU POLUN
"UPOSCWN TIMWRIAN 'OU MEMPTHN THI DIKHI "EAUTON TE-KAI 'OIKON
KAI POLIN 'ARDHN 'ANASTATON 'EPOIHSEN. PRO$ TAUT' 'OUN "OUTW
DIATETAGMENA TI= CRH DRAN 'H= DIANOEISQAI KAI TI= MH TON
'EMFRONA:
KL ^ DHLON DH TOUTO GE; "W$ TWN SUNAKOLOUQHSONTWN
'ESOMENON TW*I QEWI DEI DIANOHQHNAI PANTA 'ANDRA.
<P 716C>
AQ ^ TI=$ 'OUN-DH PRAXI$ FILH KAI 'AKOLOUQO$ QEWI: MIA,
KAI "ENA LOGON 'ECOUSA 'ARCAION, "OTI4 TW*I MEN "OMOIWI TO "OMOION
'ONTI METRIWI FILON 'AN4 'EIH, TA D' 'AMETRA 'OUTE 'ALLHLOI$ 'OUTE
TOI$ 'EMMETROI$. "O DH QEO$ "HMIN PANTWN9 CRHMATWN9 METRON9
'AN4 'EIH MALISTA, KAI POLU MALLON 'H= POU TI$, "W$ FASIN0,
'ANQRWPO$; TON 'OUN TW*I TOIOUTWI PROSFILH GENHSOMENON, 'EI$
DUNAMIN "OTI2 MALISTA KAI 'AUTON TOIOUTON 'ANAGKAION GIGNESQAI,
<P 716D>
KAI KATA TOUTON DH TON LOGON "O MEN SWFRWN "HMWN
QEWI FILO$, "OMOIO$ GAR, "O DE MH SWFRWN 'ANOMOIO$ TE-KAI
DIAFORO$ KAI "O7 'ADIKO$, KAI TA 'A=LL'0 "OUTW$ KATA TON 'AUTON
LOGON 'ECEI0. NOHSWMEN DH TOUTOI$ "EPOMENON 'EINAI TON
TOIONDE LOGON, "APANTWN KALLISTON KAI 'ALHQESTATON 'OIMAI
LOGWN, "W$ TW*I MEN 'AGAQWI QUEIN KAI PROSOMILEIN 'AEI TOI$
QEOI$ 'EUCAI$ KAI 'ANAQHMASIN KAI SUMPASHI QERAPEIA\ QEWN
KALLISTON KAI 'ARISTON KAI 'ANUSIMWTATON PRO$ TON 'EUDAIMONA
<P 716E>
BION KAI-DH-KAI DIAFERONTW$ PREPON, TW*I DE KAKWI
TOUTWN 'TANANTIA PEFUKEN0. 'AKAQARTO$ GAR THN YUCHN "O GE
KAKO$, KAQARO$ DE "O 'ENANTIO$, PARA DE MIAROU DWRA 'OUTE


<P 717A>
'ANDR' 'AGAQON 'OUTE QEON 'ESTIN POTE TO GE 'ORQON DECESQAI;
MATHN 'OUN PERI= QEOU$ "O POLU$ 'ESTI PONO$ TOI$ 'ANOSIOI$,
TOISIN DE "OSIOI$ 'EGKAIROTATO$ "APASIN. SKOPO$ MEN-'OUN
"HMIN "OUTO$ "OU2 DEI STOCAZESQAI; BELH DE 'AUTOU4 KAI "OION "H
TOI$ BELESIN 'EFESI$ TA POI*' 'AN4 LEGOMENA 'ORQOTATA FEROIT'
'AN4: PRWTON MEN, FAMEN, TIMA$ TA$ MET' 'OLUMPIOU$ TE-KAI
TOU$ THN POLIN 'ECONTA$ QEOU$ TOI$ CQONIOI$ 'AN4 TI$ QEOI$
'A=RTIA KAI DEU=TERA KAI 'ARISTERA NEMWN 'ORQOTATA TOU* TH$
<P 717B>
'EUSEBEIA$ SKOPOU TUGCANOI, TA DE TOUTWN 'ANWQEN TA8 PERITTA8
KAI 'ANTIFWNA, TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN "RHQEISIN NUNDH. META QEOU$
DE TOUSDE KAI TOI$ DAIMOSIN "O GE 'EMFRWN 'ORGIAZOIT' 'AN4,
"HRWSIN DE META TOUTOU$. 'EPAKOLOUQOI D' 'AUTOI$ "IDRUMATA
'I=DIA PATRWIWN QEWN KATA NOMON 'ORGIAZOMENA, GONEWN DE
META TAUTA TIMAI ZWNTWN0; "W$ QEMI$ 'OFEILONTA 'APOTINEIN
TA PRWTA TE-KAI MEGISTA 'OFEILHMATA, CREWN PANTWN PRESBUTATA,
NOMIZEIN DE, "A KEKTHTAI KAI 'ECEI0, PANTA 'EINAI TWN
<P 717C>
GENNHSANTWN0 KAI QREYAMENWN PRO$ TO PARECEIN 'AUTA 'EI$
"UPHRESIAN 'EKEINOI$ KATA DUNAMIN PASAN, 'ARCOMENON 'APO TH$
'OUSIA$, DEU=TERA TA TOU* SWMATO$, TRITA TA TH$ YUCH$, 'APOTINONTA
DANEISMATA 'EPIMELEIA$ TE-KAI "UPERPONOUNTWN0 'WDINA$
PALAIA$ 'EPI NEOI$ DANEISQEISA$, 'APODIDONTA DE PALAIOI$ 'EN
TW*I GHRA\ SFO=DRA KECRHMENOI$. PARA DE PANTA TON BION
'ECEIN TE-KAI 'ESCHKENAI CRH PRO$ "AUTOU GONEA$ 'EUFHMIAN
<P 717D>
DIAFERONTW$, DIOTI KOUFWN KAI PTHNWN LOGWN BARUTATH
ZHMIA % PASI GAR 'EPISKOPO$ TOI$ PERI= TA TOIAUTA 'ETACQH
DIKH$ NEMESI$ 'AGGELO$ % QUMOUMENOI$ TE-'OUN "UPEIKEIN DEI
KAI 'APOPIMPLASI TON QUMON, 'EANT' 'EN LOGOI$ 'EANT' 'EN 'ERGOI$
DRWSIN3 TO TOIOUTON, SUGGIGNWSKONTA, "W$ 'EIKOTW$ MALISTA
PATHR "UEI DOXAZWN 'ADIKEISQAI QUMOIT' 'AN4 DIAFERONTW$.
TELEUTHSANTWN0 DE GONEWN TAFH MEN "H SWFRONESTATH KALLISTH,
MHTE "UPERAIRONTA TWN 'EIQISMENWN 'OGKWN MHT' 'ELLEIPONTA
<P 717E>
"WN "OI PROPATORE$ TOU$ "EAUTWN GENNHTA$ 'ETIQESAN,
TA$ TE 'AU KAT' 'ENIAUTON TWN 'HDH TELO$ 'ECONTWN0 "WSAUTW$
'EPIMELEIA$ TA$ KOSMON FEROUSA$ 'APODIDONAI; TW*I DE MH


<P 718A>
PARALEIPEIN MNHMHN 'ENDELECH PARECOMENON, TOUTWI MALIST'
'AEI PRESBEUEIN, DAPANH$ TE TH$ DIDOMENH$ "UPO TUCH$ TO
METRION TOI$ KEKMHKOSIN NEMONTA. TAUT' 'AN4 POIOUNTE$ KAI
KATA TAUTA ZWNTE$ "EKASTOTE "EKASTOI THN 'AXIAN 'AN4 PARA QEWN
KAI "OSOI KREITTONE$ "HMWN KOMIZOIMEQA, 'EN 'ELPISIN 'AGAQAI$
DIAGONTE$ TO PLEISTON TOU* BIOU. "A DE PRO$ 'EKGONOU$ KAI
SUGGENEI$ KAI FILOU$ KAI POLITA$, "OSA TE XENIKA PRO$ QEWN
QERAPEUMATA KAI "OMILIA$ SUMPANTWN TOUTWN 'APOTELOUNTA0
<P 718B>
TON "AUTOU BION FAIDRUNAMENON KATA NOMON KOSMEIN DEI,
TWN NOMWN 'AUTWN "H DIEXODO$, TA MEN PEIQOUSA, TA DE MH
"UPEIKONTA PEIQOI TWN 'HQWN BIA\ KAI DIKHI KOLAZOUSA, THN
POLIN "HMIN SUMBOULHQENTWN5 QEWN MAKARIAN TE-KAI 'EUDAIMONA
'APOTELEI2; "A DE CRH MEN 'AU KAI 'ANAGKAION 'EIPEIN
NOMOQETHN "OSTI$ "APER 'EGW DIANOEITAI, 'EN DE SCHMATI NOMOU
'ANARMOSTEI0 LEGOMENA, TOUTWN PE=RI DOKEI0 MOI DEIGMA PROENEGKONTA
<P 718C>
"AUTWI TE-KAI 'EKEINOI$ "OI$ NOMOQETHSEI2, TA LOIPA
PANTA 'EI$ DUNAMIN DIEXELQONTA, TO META TOUTO 'ARCESQAI TH$
QESEW$ TWN NOMWN. 'ESTIN DE-DH TA TOIAUTA 'EN TI=NI MALISTA
SCHMATI KEIMENA: 'OU PANU "RA\DION 'EN "ENI PERILABONTA 'EIPEIN
'AUTA "OION TINI TUPWI, 'ALL' "OUTWSI TINA TROPON LABWMEN 'AN2
TI DUNWMEQA PERI= 'AUTWN BEBAIWSASQAI.
KL ^ LEGE TO POI*ON.
AQ ^ BOULOIMHN 'AN4 'AUTOU$ "W$ 'EUPEIQESTATOU$ PRO$ 'ARETHN
'EINAI, KAI DHLON "OTI4 PEIRASETAI TOUTO "O NOMOQETH$ 'EN "APASHI
POIEIN THI NOMOQESIA\.
<P 718D>
KL ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ ^ TA TOINUN-DH LECQENTA 'EDOXEN TI MOI 'PROURGOU
DRAN 'EI$ TO PERI= "WN 'AN4 PARAINHI5, MH PANTAPASIN 'WMH$ YUCH$
LABOMENA, "HMERWTERON TE 'AN4 'AKOUEIN KAI 'EUMENESTERON; "WSTE
'EI KAI MH MEGA TI, SMIKRON DE, TON 'AKOUONTA "OPER FHSIN
'EUMENESTERON GIGNOMENON 'EUMAQESTERON 'APERGASETAI, PAN
'AGAPHTON. 'OU-GAR POLLH TI$ 'EUPETEIA 'OUDE 'AFQONIA TWN
PROQUMOUMENWN "W$ 'ARISTWN "OTI2 MALISTA KAI "W$ TACISTA
<P 718E>
GIGNESQAI, TON DE "HSIODON "OI POLLOI SOFON 'APOFAINOUSI0
LEGONTA "W$ "H MEN 'EPI THN9 KAKOTHTA9 "ODO$9 LEI=A1 KAI
'ANIDITI PARECEI0 POREUESQAI, MALA BRACEIA 'OUSA, TH$9 DE1
'ARETH$9, FHSIN,
"IDRWTA9 QEOI9 PROPAROIQEN9 'EQHKAN9
'AQANATOI9, MAKRO$9 DE9-KAI9 'ORQIO$9 'OIMO$9 'E$9 'AUTHN9,


<P 719A>
KAI9 TRHCU$9 TO9 PRWTON9; 'EPHN9 D'9 'EI$9 'AKRON9 "IKHAI9,
"RHIDIH9 DH9 'PEITA1 FEREIN1, CALEPH9 PER9 'EOUSA9.
KL ^ KAI KALW$ G' 'EOIKEN0 LEGONTI.
AQ ^ PANU MEN-'OUN. "O DE PROAGWN LOGO$ "O= GE MOI
'APEIRGASTAI, BOULOMAI "UMIN 'EI$ TO MESON 'AUTO QEINAI0.
KL ^ TIQEI5 DH.
AQ ^ LEGWMEN DH TW*I NOMOQETHI DIALEGOMENOI TODE; 'EIPE=
<P 719B>
"HMIN, 'W* NOMOQETA; 'EIPER "OTI2 CRH PRATTEIN "HMA$ KAI LEGEIN
'EIDEIH$, 'A*RA 'OU DHLON "OTI4 KAI 'AN4 'EIPOI$:
KL ^ 'ANAGKAION.
AQ ^ SMIKRWI MEN-DH PROSQEN 'A*RA 'OUK 'HKOUSAMEN SOU4
LEGONTO$ "W$ TON NOMOQETHN 'OU DEI TOI$ POIHTAI$ 'EPITREPEIN
POIEIN "O= 'AN4 'AUTOI$ 'HI FILON: 'OU-GAR 'AN4 'EIDEIEN TI= POT'
'ENANTION TOI$ NOMOI$ 'AN4 LEGONTE$ BLAPTOIEN THN POLIN.
KL ^ 'ALHQH MENTOI LEGEI$.
AQ ^ "UPER DH TWN POIHTWN 'EI TADE LEGOIMEN PRO$ 'AUTON,
'A*R' 'AN4 TA LECQENTA 'EIH ME=TRIA:
KL ^ POI*A:
<P 719C>
AQ ^ TADE; PALAIO$ MUQO$, 'W* NOMOQETA, "UPO TE 'AUTWN-"HMWN
'AEI LEGOMENO$ 'ESTIN KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ PASIN SUNDEDOGMENO$,
"OTI4 POIHTH$, "OPOTAN 'EN TW*I TRIPODI TH$ MOUSH$
KAQIZHTAI, TO=TE 'OUK 'EMFRWN 'ESTIN, "OION DE KRHNH TI$ TO
'EPION "REIN "ETOIMW$ 'EA*I0, KAI TH$ TECNH$ 'OUSH$ MIMHSEW$
'ANAGKAZETAI 'ENANTIW$ 'ALLHLOI$ 'ANQRWPOU$ POIW*N DIATIQEMENOU$,
'ENANTIA LEGEIN "AUTWI POLLAKI$, 'OIDEN DE-'OUT' 'EI TAUTA
<P 719D>
'OUT' 'EI QATERA 'ALHQH TWN LEGOMENWN. TW*I DE NOMOQETHI TOUTO
'OUK 'ESTI2 POIEIN 'EN TW*I NOMWI, DUO PERI= "ENO$, 'ALLA= "ENA PERI=
"ENO$ 'AEI DEI LOGON 'APOFAINESQAI. SKEYAI D' 'EX 'AUTWN
TWN "UPO SOU4 NUNDH LECQENTWN5. 'OUSH$ GAR TAFH$ TH$ MEN
"UPERBEBLHMENH$, TH$ DE 'ELLEIPOUSH$, TH$ DE METRIA$, THN
MIAN "ELOMENO$ SU, THN MESHN, TAUTHN PROSTATTEI$ KAI 'EPHINESA$
"APLW$; 'EGW DE, 'EI MEN GUNH MOI DIAFEROUSA 'EIH PLOUTWI
KAI QAPTEIN "AUTHN DIAKELEUOITO 'EN TW*I POIHMATI, TON "UPERBALLONTA
<P 719E>
'AN4 TAFON 'EPAINOIHN, FEIDWLO$ D' 'AU TI$ KAI PENH$ 'ANHR
TON KATADEA, METRON DE 'OUSIA$ KEKTHMENO$ KAI METRIO$ 'AUTO$
'WN TON 'AUTON 'AN4 'EPAINESAI4. SOI4 DE 'OUC "OUTW "RHTEON "W$ NU*N
'EIPE$ METRION 'EIPWN, 'ALLA= TI= TO METRION KAI "OPOSON "RHTEON,
'H= TON TOIOUTON LOGON MHPW SOI4 DIANOOU GIGNESQAI NOMON.
KL ^ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
AQ ^ POTERON 'OUN "HMIN "O TETAGMENO$ 'EPI TOI$ NOMOI$ MHDEN
TOIOUTON PROAGOREUHI5 'EN 'ARCHI TWN NOMWN, 'ALL' 'EUQU$ "O= DEI
POIEIN KAI MH FRAZHI5 TE-KAI 'EPAPEILHSA$ THN ZHMIAN, 'EP'


<P 720A>
'ALLON TREPHTAI NOMON, PARAMUQIA$ DE-KAI PEIQOU$ TOI$
NOMOQETOUMENOI$ MHDE "EN PROSDIDWI0: KAQAPER 'IATRO$ DE TI$,
"O MEN "OUTW$, "O D' 'EKEINW$ "HMA$ 'EIWQEN0 "EKASTOTE QERAPEUEIN %
'ANAMIMNHISKWMEQA DE TON TROPON "EKATERON, "INA TOU* NOMOQETOU
DEWMEQA, KAQAPER 'IATROU DEOINTO 'AN4 PAIDE$ TON PRA\OTATON
'AUTON QERAPEUEIN TROPON "EAUTOU$. "OION DH TI= LEGOMEN: 'EISIN
POU TINE$ 'IATROI, FAMEN, KAI TINE$ "UPHRETAI TWN 'IATRWN,
'IATROU$ DE KALOUMEN0 DHPOU-KAI TOUTOU$.
<P 720B>
KL ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ 'EANTE-GE 'ELEUQEROI 'WSIN 'EANTE DOULOI, KAT' 'EPITAXIN
DE TWN DESPOTWN KAI QEWRIAN KAI KAT' 'EMPEIRIAN THN TECNHN
KTWNTAI2, KATA FUSIN DE MH, KAQAPER "OI 'ELEUQEROI 'AUTOI TE
MEMAQHKASIN "OUTW TOU$ TE "AUTWN DIDASKOUSI0 PAIDA$. QEIH$
'AN4 TAUTA DUO GENH TWN KALOUMENWN0 'IATRWN:
KL ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ ^ 'A*R'-'OUN-KAI SUNNOEI$ "OTI4, DOULWN KAI 'ELEUQERWN
<P 720C>
'ONTWN0 TWN KAMNONTWN0 'EN TAI$ POLESI, TOU$ MEN DOULOU$
SCEDON TI "OI DOULOI TA POLLA 'IATREUOUSIN0 PERITRECONTE$ KAI
'EN TOI$ 'IATREIOI$ PERIMENONTE$, KAI-'OUTE TINA LOGON "EKASTOU
PE=RI NOSHMATO$ "EKASTOU TWN 'OIKETWN 'OUDEI$ TWN TOIOUTWN
'IATRWN DIDWSIN 'OUD' 'APODECETAI, PROSTAXA$ D' 'AUTWI TA
DOXANTA 'EX 'EMPEIRIA$, "W$ 'AKRIBW$ 'EIDW$, KAQAPER TURANNO$
'AUQADW$, 'OICETAI 'APOPHDHSA$ PRO$ 'ALLON KAMNONTA 'OIKETHN,
KAI "RA\STWNHN "OUTW TW*I DESPOTHI PARASKEUAZEI0 TWN KAMNONTWN0
<P 720D>
TH$ 'EPIMELEIA$; "O DE 'ELEUQERO$ "W$ 'EPI TO PLEISTON TA TWN
'ELEUQERWN NOSHMATA QERAPEUEI0 TE-KAI 'EPISKOPEI0, KAI TAUTA
'EXETAZWN 'AP' 'ARCH$ KAI KATA FUSIN, TW*I KAMNONTI KOINOUMENO$
'AUTWI TE-KAI TOI$ FILOI$, "AMA MEN 'AUTO$ MANQANEI0 TI
PARA TWN NOSOUNTWN0, "AMA DE-KAI KAQ' "OSON "OIO$-TE-'ESTIN,
DIDASKEI0 TON 'ASQENOUNTA 'AUTON, KAI 'OU PROTERON 'EPETAXEN
PRIN 'AN4 PHI SUMPEISHI6, TO=TE DE META PEIQOU$ "HMEROUMENON 'AEI
<P 720E>
PARASKEUAZWN TON KAMNONTA, 'EI$ THN "UGIEIAN 'AGWN, 'APOTELEIN0
PEIRATAI0: POTERON "OUTW$ 'H= 'EKEINW$ 'IATRO$ TE 'IWMENO$ 'AMEINWN
KAI GUMNASTH$ GUMNAZWN; DICHI THN MIAN 'APOTELWN0 DUNAMIN,
'H= MONACHI KAI KATA TO CEIRON TOIN DUOIN KAI 'AGRIWTERON
'APERGAZOMENO$:
KL ^ POLU POU DIAFERON, 'W* XENE, TO DIPLHI.
AQ ^ BOULEI DH-KAI QEASWMEQA TO DIPLOUN TOUTO KAI
"APLOUN 'EN TAI$ NOMOQESIAI$ 'AUTAI$ GIGNOMENON:
KL ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU BOULOMAI:
AQ ^ FERE DH PRO$ QEWN, TI=N' 'A=RA PRWTON NOMON QEIT' 'AN4
"O NOMOQETH$: 'A*R' 'OU KATA FUSIN THN PERI= GENESEW$ 'ARCHN


<P 721A>
PRWTHN POLEWN PE=RI KATAKOSMHSEI2 TAI$ TAXESIN:
KL ^ TI= MHN:
AQ ^ 'ARCH D' 'ESTI TWN GENESEWN PASAI$ POLESIN 'A*R' 'OUC
"H TWN GAMWN SUMMEIXI$ KAI KOINWNIA:
KL ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ ^ GAMIKOI DH NOMOI PRWTOI KINDUNEUOUSIN0 TIQEMENOI
KALW$ 'AN4 TIQESQAI PRO$ 'ORQOTHTA PASHI POLEI.
KL ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ LEGWMEN DH PRWTON TON "APLOUN, 'ECOI D' 'AN4 PW$
'ISW$ "WDE %
<P 721B>
GAMEIN DE, 'EPEIDAN 'ETWN 'HI TI$ TRIAKONTA, MECRI 'ETWN PENTE
KAI TRIAKONTA, 'EI DE MH, ZHMIOUSQAI CRHMASIN TE-KAI 'ATIMIA\,
CRHMASI MEN TOSOI$ KAI TOSOI$, THI KAI THI DE 'ATIMIA\.
"O MEN "APLOU$ 'ESTW TI$ TOIOUTO$ PERI= GAMWN, "O DE
DIPLOU$ "ODE %
GAMEIN DE, 'EPEIDAN 'ETWN 'HI TI$ TRIAKONTA, MECRI TWN PENTE
KAI TRIAKONTA, DIANOHQENTA "W$ 'ESTIN "HI TO 'ANQRWPINON GENO$
FUSEI TINI METEILHFEN0 'AQANASIA$, "OU2 KAI PEFUKEN0 'EPIQUMIAN
<P 721C>
'ISCEIN PA$ PASAN; TO GAR GENESQAI KLEINON KAI MH 'ANWNUMON
KEISQAI TETELEUTHKOTA TOU* TOIOUTOU 'ESTIN 'EPIQUMIA. GENO$
'OUN 'ANQRWPWN 'ESTIN TI SUMFUE$ TOU* PANTO$ CRONOU, "O= DIA=
TELOU$ 'AUTWI SUNEPETAI KAI SUNEYETAI, TOUTWI TW*I TROPWI 'AQANATON
'ON, TW*I PAIDA$ PAIDWN KATALEIPOMENON, 'TAUTON KAI "EN
'ON 'AEI, GENESEI TH$ 'AQANASIA$ METEILHFENAI; TOUTOU DH
'APOSTEREIN "EKONTA "EAUTON 'OUDEPOTE "OSION, 'EK PRONOIA$ DE
'APOSTEREI0 "O$4 'AN4 PAIDWN KAI GUNAIKO$ 'AMELHI5. PEIQOMENO$
<P 721D>
MEN-'OUN TW*I NOMWI 'AZHMIO$ 'APALLATTOITO 'AN4, MH PEIQOMENO$ DE
'AU, MHDE GAMWN 'ETH TRIAKONTA GEGONW$ KAI PENTE, ZHMIOUSQW
MEN KAT' 'ENIAUTON TOSWI KAI TOSWI, "INA MH DOKHI5 THN MONAULIAN
"OI2 KERDO$ KAI "RA\STWNHN FEREIN, KAI MH METECETW DE TIMWN
"WN 'AN4 "OI NEWTEROI 'EN THI POLEI TOU$ PRESBUTEROU$ "AUTWN
TIMWSIN3 "EKASTOTE.
TOUTON DH PAR' 'EKEINON TON NOMON 'AKOUSANTA 'EXESTIN
PERI= "ENO$ "EKASTOU DIANOHQHNAI, POTERON 'AUTOU$ DIPLOU$ "OUTW
<P 721E>
DEI GIGNESQAI TW*I MHKEI TO SMIKROTATON, DIA= TO PEIQEIN TE
"AMA KAI 'APEILEIN, 'H= TW*I 'APEILEIN MONON CRWMENOU$ "APLOU$
GIGNESQAI TOI$ MHKESIN.
ME ^ PRO$ MEN TOU* LAKWNIKOU TROPOU, 'W* XENE, TO TA
BRACU=TERA 'AEI PROTIMAN; TOUTWN MHN TWN GRAMMATWN 'EI
TI$ KRITHN 'EME KELEUOI GIGNESQAI PO=TERA BOULOIMHN 'AN4 'EN THI
POLEI MOI GEGRAMMENA TEQHNAI, TA MAKRO=TER' 'AN4 "ELOIMHN,


<P 722A>
KAI-DH-KAI PERI= PANTO$ NOMOU KATA TOUTO TO PARADEIGMA, 'EI
GIGNOITO "EKA=TERA, 'TAUTON TOUT' 'AN4 "AIROIMHN. 'OU-MHN-'ALLA=-POU-KAI
KLEINIA\ TWID' 'ARESKEIN DEI TA NU*N NOMOQETOUMENA;
TOUTOU GAR "H POLI$ "H NU*N TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ NOMOI$ CRHSQAI
DIANOOUMENH.
KL ^ KALW$ G', 'W* MEGILLE, 'EIPE$.
AQ ^ TO MEN-'OUN PERI= POLLWN 'H= 'OLIGWN GRAMMATWN
POIHSASQAI TON LOGON LIAN 'EUHQE$ % TA GAR 'OIMAI BELTISTA,
<P 722B>
'ALL' 'OU TA BRACUTATA 'OUDE TA MHKH TIMHTEON % TA D' 'EN TOI$
NUNDH NOMOI$ "RHQEISIN 'OU DIPLWI QATERA TWN "ETERWN DIAFORA
MONON 'EI$ 'ARETHN TH$ CREIA$, 'ALL' "OPER 'ERRHQH NUNDH, TO
TWN DITTWN 'IATRWN GENO$ 'ORQOTATA PARETEQH. PRO$ TOUTO
DE 'OUDEI$ 'EOIKE0 DIANOHQHNAI PWPOTE TWN NOMOQETWN, "W$ 'EXON
DUOIN CRHSQAI PRO$ TA$ NOMOQESIA$, PEIQOI KAI BIA\, KAQ' "OSON
"OION-TE 'EPI TON 'APEIRON PAIDEIA$ 'OCLON, TW*I "ETERWI CRWNTAI0
<P 722C>
MONON; 'OU-GAR PEIQOI KERANNUNTE$ THN MACHN88 NOMOQETOUSIN0,
'ALL' 'AKRATWI MONON THI BIA\. 'EGW D', 'W* MAKARIOI, KAI TRITON
'ETI PERI= TOU$ NOMOU$ "ORW0 GIGNESQAI DEON, 'OUDAMHI TA NU*N
GIGNOMENON.
KL ^ TO POI*ON DH LEGEI$:
AQ ^ 'EX 'AUTWN "WN NUNDH7 DIEILEGMEQA "HMEI$ KATA QEON
TINA GEGONO$. SCEDON GAR 'EX "OSOU PERI= TWN NOMWN 'HRGMEQA
LEGEIN, 'EX "EWQINOU MESHMBRIA TE GEGONE0 KAI 'EN TAUTHI PAGKALHI
'ANAPAULHI TINI GEGONAMEN, 'OUDEN 'ALL'-'H= PERI= NOMWN DIALEGOMENOI,
<P 722D>
NOMOU$ DE 'ARTI MOI DOKOUMEN LEGEIN 'ARCESQAI, TA D'
'EMPROSQEN 'H*N PANTA "HMIN PROOIMIA NOMWN. TI= DE TAUT'
'EIRHKA: TODE 'EIPEIN BOULHQEI$, "OTI4 LOGWN PANTWN KAI "OSWN
FWNH KEKOINWNHKEN0 PROOIMIA TE 'ESTIN KAI SCEDON "OION
TINE$ 'ANAKINHSEI$, 'ECOUSAI TINA 'ENTECNON 'EPICEIRHSIN CRHSIMON
PRO$ TO MELLON PERAINESQAI. KAI-DH-POU KIQARWIDIKH$
'WIDH$ LEGOMENWN NOMWN KAI PASH$ MOUSH$ PROOIMIA QAUMASTW$
<P 722E>
'ESPOUDASMENA PROKEITAI; TWN DE 'ONTW$ NOMWN 'ONTWN0, "OU$ DH
POLITIKOU$ 'EINAI FAMEN, 'OUDEI$ PWPOTE 'OUT' 'EI*PE TI PROOIMION
'OUTE SUNQETH$ GENOMENO$ 'EXHNEGKEN 'EI$ TO FW$, "W$ 'OUK 'ONTO$
FUSEI. "HMIN DE "H NU*N DIATRIBH GEGONUIA, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0,
SHMAINEI0 "W$ 'ONTO$, "OI=4 TE-GE-DH DIPLOI 'EDOXAN NUNDH MOI
LECQENTE$ NOMOI 'OUK 'EINAI "APLW$ "OUTW PW$ DIPLOI, 'ALLA=
DUO MEN TINE, NOMO$ TE-KAI PROOIMION TOU* NOMOU; "O= DH TURANNIKON
'EPITAGMA 'APEIKASQEN 'ERRHQH TOI$ 'EPITAGMASIN TOI$


<P 723A>
TWN 'IATRWN "OU$ 'EIPOMEN 'ANELEUQEROU$, TOUT' 'EINAI NOMO$
'AKRATO$, TO DE PRO TOUTOU "RHQEN, PEISTIKON LECQEN "UPO
TOUDE, 'ONTW$ MEN 'EINAI PEISTIKON, PROOIMIOU MHN TOU* PERI=
LOGOU$ DUNAMIN 'ECEIN. "INA GAR 'EUMENW$, KAI DIA= THN 'EUMENEIAN
'EUMAQESTERON, THN 'EPITAXIN, "O= DH 'ESTIN "O NOMO$, DEXHTAI "WI TON
NOMON "O NOMOQETH$ LEGEI0, TOUTOU CARIN 'EIRHSQAI MOI KATEFANH
PA$ "O LOGO$ "OUTO$, "ON PEIQWN 'EI*PEN "O LEGWN; DIO DH KATA
<P 723B>
GE TON 'EMON LOGON TOUT' 'AUTO, PROOIMION, 'ALL' 'OU LOGO$ 'AN4
'ORQW$ PROSAGOREUOITO 'EINAI TOU* NOMOU. TAUT' 'OUN 'EIPWN,
TI= TO META TOUTO 'AN4 MOI BOULHQEIHN 'EIRHSQAI: TODE, "W$
TON NOMOQETHN PRO PANTWN TE 'AEI TWN NOMWN CREWN 'ESTIN
MH 'AMOIROU$ 'AUTOU$ PROOIMIWN POIEIN KAI KAQ' "EKASTON, "HI
DIOISOUSIN2 "EAUTWN "OSON NUNDH TW LECQENTE DIHNEGKATHN.
KL ^ TO G' 'EMON 'OUK 'AN4 'ALLW$ NOMOQETEIN DIAKELEUOITO
"HMIN TON TOUTWN 'EPISTHMONA.
<P 723C>
AQ ^ KALW$ MEN-TOINUN, 'W* KLEINIA, DOKEI$ MOI TO GE
TOSOUTON LEGEIN, "OTI4 PASIN GE NOMOI$ 'ESTIN PROOIMIA KAI "OTI4
PASH$ 'ARCOMENON NOMOQESIA$ CRH PROTIQENAI PANTO$ TOU*
LOGOU TO PEFUKO$ PROOIMION "EKASTOI$ % 'OU-GAR SMIKRON TO
META TOUTO 'ESTIN "RHQHSOMENON, 'OUD' 'OLIGON DIAFERON 'H= SAFW$
'H= MH SAFW$ 'AUTA MNHMONEUESQAI % TO MENTOI MEGALWN PE=RI
LEGOMENWN NOMWN KAI SMIKRWN 'EI "OMOIW$ PROOIMIAZESQAI
PROSTATTOIMEN, 'OUK 'AN4 'ORQW$ LEGOIMEN. 'OUDE-GAR 'A\SMATO$
<P 723D>
'OUDE LOGOU PANTO$ DEI TO TOIOUTON DRAN % KAITOI PEFUKEN0
GE 'EINAI PASIN, 'ALL' 'OU CRHSTEON "APASIN % 'AUTWI DE TW*I TE
"RHTORI KAI TW*I MELWIDWI KAI NOMOQETHI TO TOIOUTON "EKASTOTE
'EPITREPTEON.
KL ^ 'ALHQESTATA DOKEI$ MOI LEGEIN. 'ALLA=-DH MHKET', 'W*
XENE, DIATRIBHN PLEIW TH$ MELLHSEW$ POIWMEQA, 'EPI DE TON
LOGON 'EPANELQWMEN KAI 'AP' 'EKEINWN 'ARCWMEQA, 'EI SOI4 FILON,
"WN 'OUC "W$ PROOIMIAZOMENO$ 'EIPE$ TO=TE. PALIN 'OUN, "OION
<P 723E>
FASIN0 "OI PAIZONTE$, 'AMEINONWN 'EX 'ARCH$ DEUTERWN 'EPANAPOLHSWMEN,
"W$ PROOIMION 'ALL' 'OU TON TUCONTA LOGON PERAINONTE$,
KAQAPER 'ARTI; LABWMEN D' 'AUTWN 'ARCHN "OMOLOGOUNTE$
PROOIMIAZESQAI. KAI TA MEN PERI= QEWN TIMH$ PROGONWN TE
QERAPEIA$, KAI TA NUNDH LECQENTA "IKANA; TA D' "EXH$ PEIRWMEQA2
LEGEIN, MECRIPER 'AN4 SOI4 PAN TO PROOIMION "IKANW$
'EIRHSQAI DOKHI5. META DE TOUTO 'HDH TOU$ NOMOU$ 'AUTOU$ DIEXEI
LEGWN.


<P 724A>
AQ ^ 'OUKOU*N PERI= QEWN MEN-KAI TWN META QEOU$ KAI
GONEWN ZWNTWN0 TE PE=RI KAI TELEUTHSANTWN0 TO=TE "IKANW$
PROOIMIASAMEQA, "W$ NU*N LEGOMEN; TO DE 'APOLEIPOMENON 'ETI
TOU* TOIOUTOU FAINHI0 MOI SU DIAKELEUESQAI TA NU*N "OION PRO$
TO FW$ 'EPANAGEIN.
KL ^ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
AQ ^ 'ALLA=-MHN META GE TA TOIAUTA, "W$ CRH TA PERI=
TA$ "AUTWN YUCA$ KAI TA SWMATA KAI TA$ 'OUSIA$ SPOUDH$
<P 724B>
TE PE=RI KAI 'ANESEW$ 'ISCEIN, PROSHKON0 T' 'ESTI KAI KOINOTATON
'ANAPEMPAZOMENOU$ TON TE LEGONTA KAI TOU$ 'AKOUONTA$
PAIDEIA$ GIGNESQAI KATA DUNAMIN 'EPHBOLOU$; TAUT' 'OUN "HMIN
'AUTA MET' 'EKEINA 'ONTW$ 'ESTIN "RHTEA TE-KAI 'AKOUSTEA.
KL ^ 'ORQOTATA LEGEI$.


<B NOM5>


<P 726A>
AQ ^ 'AKOUOI DH PA$ "OSPER NUNDH TA PERI= QEWN TE 'HKOUE
KAI TWN FILWN PROPATORWN; PANTWN GAR TWN "AUTOU KTHMATWN
META QEOU$ YUCH QEIOTATON, 'OIKEIOTATON 'ON. TA D' "AUTOU DITTA
PANT' 'ESTI PASIN. TA MEN-'OUN KREITTW KAI 'AMEINW DESPOZONTA,
TA DE "HTTW KAI CEIRW DOULA; TWN 'OUN "AUTOU TA DESPOZONTA
'AEI PROTIMHTEON TWN DOULEUONTWN0. "OUTW DH THN "AUTOU YUCHN


<P 727A>
META QEOU$ 'ONTA$ DESPOTA$ KAI TOU$ TOUTOI$ "EPOMENOU$ TIMAN
DEIN LEGWN DEUTERAN, 'ORQW$ PARAKELEUOMAI. TIMA*I0 D' "W$ 'EPO$
'EIPEIN "HMWN 'OUDEI$ 'ORQW$, DOKEI0 DE; QEION GAR 'AGAQON POU
TIMH, TWN DE KAKWN 'OUDEN TIMION, "O D' "HGOUMENO$ 'H= TISI
LOGOI$ 'H= DWROI$ 'AUTHN 'AUXEIN 'H= TISIN "UPEIXESIN, MHDEN
BELTIW DE 'EK CEIRONO$ 'AUTHN 'APERGAZOMENO$, TIMAN MEN
DOKEI0, DRA*I0 DE TOUTO 'OUDAMW$. 'AUTIKA PAI$ 'EUQU$ GENOMENO$
'ANQRWPO$ PA$ "HGEITAI PANTA "IKANO$ 'EINAI GIGNWSKEIN,
<P 727B>
KAI TIMAN 'OIETAI 'EPAINWN THN "AUTOU YUCHN, KAI PROQUMOUMENO$
'EPITREPEI0 PRATTEIN "OTI2 'AN4 'EQELHI5, TO DE NU*N LEGOMENON 'ESTIN
"W$ DRWN TAUTA BLAPTEI0 KAI 'OU TIMA*I0; DEI DE, "W$ FAMEN,
META GE QEOU$ DEUTERAN. 'OUDE-GE "OTAN 'ANQRWPO$ TWN "AUTOU
"EKASTOTE "AMARTHMATWN MH "EAUTON 'AITION "HGHTAI KAI TWN
PLEISTWN KAKWN KAI MEGISTWN, 'ALLA= 'ALLOU$, "EAUTON DE 'AEI
'ANAITION 'EXAIRHI5, TIMWN THN "AUTOU YUCHN, "W$ DH DOKEI0, "O DE
<P 727C>
POLLOU DEI0 DRAN TOUTO; BLAPTEI0 GAR. 'OUD' "OPOTAN "HDONAI$
PARA LOGON TON TOU* NOMOQETOU KAI 'EPAINON CARIZHTAI, TO=TE
'OUDAMW$ TIMA*I0, 'ATIMAZEI0 DE KAKWN KAI METAMELEIA$ 'EMPIMPLA$
'AUTHN. 'OUDE-GE "OPOTAN 'AU 'TANANTIA TOU$ 'EPAINOUMENOU$
PONOU$ KAI FOBOU$ KAI 'ALGHDONA$ KAI LUPA$ MH DIAPONHI5
KARTERWN 'ALLA= "UPEIKHI5, TO=TE 'OU TIMA*I0 "UPEIKWN; 'ATIMON GAR
'AUTHN 'APERGAZETAI DRWN TA TOIAUTA SUMPANTA. 'OUD' "OPOTAN
<P 727D>
"HGHTAI TO ZHN PANTW$ 'AGAQON 'EINAI, TIMA*I0, 'ATIMAZEI0 D' 'AUTHN
KAI TO=TE. TA GAR 'EN "AIDOU PRAGMATA PANTA KAKA "HGOUMENH$
TH$ YUCH$ 'EINAI, "UPEIKEI0 KAI 'OUK 'ANTITEINEI0 DIDASKWN TE-KAI
'ELEGCWN "W$ 'OUK 'OIDEN 'OUD' 'EI 'TANANTIA PEFUKEN0 MEGISTA
'EINAI PANTWN 'AGAQWN "HMIN TA PERI= TOU$ QEOU$ TOU$ 'EKEI.
'OUDE-MHN PRO 'ARETH$ "OPOTAN 'AU PROTIMA*I2 TI$ KALLO$, TOUT'
'ESTIN 'OUC "ETERON 'H= "H TH$ YUCH$ 'ONTW$ KAI PANTW$ 'ATIMIA.
YUCH$ GAR SWMA 'ENTIMOTERON "OUTO$ "O LOGO$ FHSIN 'EINAI,
<P 727E>
YEUDOMENO$; 'OUDEN GAR GHGENE$ 'OLUMPIWN 'ENTIMOTERON, 'ALL'
"O PERI= YUCH$ 'ALLW$ DOXAZWN 'AGNOEI0 "W$ QAUMASTOU TOUTOU
KTHMATO$ 'AMELEI0. 'OUDE-GE "OPOTAN CRHMATA TI$ 'ERA*I2 KTASQAI


<P 728A>
MH KALW$, 'H= MH DUSCERW$ FERHI5 KTWMENO$, DWROI$ 'A=RA TIMA*I0
TO=TE THN "AUTOU YUCHN % PANTO$ MEN-'OUN LEIPEI0 % TO GAR
'AUTH$ TIMION "AMA KAI KALON 'APODIDOTAI SMIKROU CRUSIOU;
PA$ GAR "O T' 'EPI GH$ KAI "UPO GH$ CRUSO$ 'ARETH$ 'OUK
'ANTAXIO$. "W$ DE 'EIPEIN SULLHBDHN, "O$4 "APER 'AN4 NOMOQETH$
'AISCRA 'EINAI KAI KAKA DIARIQMOUMENO$ TATTHI5 KAI 'TOUNANTION
'AGAQA KAI KALA, TWN MEN 'APECESQAI MH 'EQELHI5 PASHI MHCANHI,
TA DE 'EPITHDEUEIN SUMPASAN KATA DUNAMIN, 'OUK 'OIDEN 'EN
<P 728B>
TOUTOI$ PASIN PA$ 'ANQRWPO$ YUCHN QEIOTATON 'ON 'ATIMOTATA
KAI KAKOSCHMONESTATA DIATIQEI=$. THN GAR LEGOMENHN DIKHN
TH$ KAKOURGIA$ THN MEGISTHN 'OUDEI$ "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN LOGIZETAI,
'ESTIN D' "H MEGISTH TO "OMOIOUSQAI TOI$ 'OUSIN KAKOI$ 'ANDRASIN,
"OMOIOUMENON DE TOU$ MEN 'AGAQOU$ FEUGEIN 'ANDRA$ KAI LOGOU$
KAI 'APOSCIZESQAI, TOI$ DE PROSKOLLASQAI DIWKONTA KATA TA$
SUNOUSIA$; PROSPEFUKOTA DE TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ 'ANAGKH POIEIN
<P 728C>
KAI PASCEIN "A PEFUKASIN 'ALLHLOU$ "OI TOIOUTOI POIEIN KAI
LEGEIN. TOUTO 'OUN-DH TO PAQO$ DIKH MEN 'OUK 'ESTIN % KALON
GAR TO GE DIKAION KAI "H DIKH % TIMWRIA DE, 'ADIKIA$ 'AKOLOUQO$
PAQH, "H$ "O TE TUCWN KAI MH TUGCANWN 'AQLIO$, "O MEN 'OUK
'IATREUOMENO$, "O DE, "INA "ETEROI POLLOI SWIZWNTAI, 'APOLLUMENO$.
TIMH D' 'ESTIN "HMIN, "W$ TO "OLON 'EIPEIN, TOI$ MEN 'AMEINOSIN
"EPESQAI, TA DE CEIRONA, GENESQAI DE BELTIW DUNATA, TOUT'
'AUTO "W$ 'ARISTA 'APOTELEIN0.
YUCH$ 'OUN 'ANQRWPWI KTHMA 'OUK 'ESTIN 'EUFUESTERON 'EI$
<P 728D>
TO FUGEIN MEN TO KAKON, 'ICNEUSAI0 DE-KAI "ELEIN TO PANTWN
'ARISTON, KAI "ELONTA 'AU KOINHI SUNOIKEIN TON 'EPILOIPON BION;
DIO DEUTERON 'ETACQH TIMHI, TO DE TRITON % PA$ 'AN4 TOUTO GE
NOHSEIEN % THN TOU* SWMATO$ 'EINAI KATA FUSIN TIMHN; TA$ D'
'AU TIMA$ DEI SKOPEIN, KAI TOUTWN TI=NE$ 'ALHQEI$ KAI "OSAI
KIBDHLOI, TOUTO DE NOMOQETOU. MHNUEIN DH MOI FAINETAI
TASDE KAI TOIASDE TINA$ 'AUTA$ 'EINAI, TIMION 'EINAI SWMA 'OU
TO KALON 'OUDE 'ISCURON 'OUDE TACO$ 'ECON 'OUDE MEGA, 'OUDE-GE
<P 728E>
TO "UGIEINON % KAITOI POLLOI$ 'AN4 TOUTO GE DOKOI % KAI-MHN-'OUDE
TA TOUTWN G' 'ENANTIA, TA D' 'EN TW*I MESWI "APASH$ TAUTH$
TH$ "EXEW$ 'EFAPTOMENA SWFRONESTATA "AMA TE 'ASFALESTATA
'EINAI MAKRWI; TA MEN-GAR CAUNOU$ TA$ YUCA$ KAI QRASEIA$
POIEI0, TA DE TAPEINA$ TE-KAI 'ANELEUQEROU$. "W$ D' "AUTW$
"H TWN CRHMATWN KAI KTHMATWN KTHSI$, KAI TIMHSEW$ KATA
TON 'AUTON "RUQMON 'ECEI0; TA MEN "UPEROGKA GAR "EKASTWN


<P 729A>
TOUTWN 'ECQRA$ KAI STASEI$ 'APERGAZETAI TAI$ POLESIN KAI
'IDIA\, TA D' 'ELLEIPONTA DOULEIA$ "W$ TO POLU. MH-DH TI$
FILOCRHMONEITW PAIDWN G' "ENEKA, "INA "OTI2 PLOUSIWTATOU$
KATALIPHI6; 'OUTE-GAR 'EKEINOI$ 'OUTE 'AU THI POLEI 'AMEINON. "H
GAR TWN NEWN 'AKOLAKEUTO$ 'OUSIA, TWN D' 'ANAGKAIWN MH
'ENDEH$, "AU=TH PASWN MOUSIKWTATH TE-KAI 'ARISTH; SUMFWNOUSA
GAR "HMIN KAI SUNARMOTTOUSA 'EI$ "APANTA 'ALUPON TON
<P 729B>
BION 'APERGAZETAI. PAISIN DE 'AIDW CRH POLLHN, 'OU CRUSON
KATALEIPEIN. 'OIOMEQA DE 'EPIPLHTTONTE$ TOI$ NEOI$ 'ANAISCUNTOUSIN4
TOUTO KATALEIYEIN; TO D' 'ESTIN 'OUK 'EK TOU* NU*N
PARAKELEUMATO$ TOI$ NEOI$ GIGNOMENON, "O= PARAKELEUONTAI
LEGONTE$ "W$ DEI PANTA 'AISCUNESQAI TON NEON. "O DE 'EMFRWN
NOMOQETH$ TOI$ PRESBUTEROI$ 'AN4 MALLON PARAKELEUOITO
'AISCUNESQAI TOU$ NEOU$, KAI PANTWN MALISTA 'EULABEISQAI
MH POTE TI$ 'AUTON 'IDHI6 TWN NEWN 'H=-KAI 'EPAKOUSHI6 DRWNTA 'H=
<P 729C>
LEGONTA TI TWN 'AISCRWN, "W$ "OPOU 'ANAISCUNTOUSI0 GERONTE$,
'ANAGKH KAI NEOU$ 'ENTAUQA 'EINAI 'ANAIDESTATOU$; PAIDEIA GAR
NEWN DIAFEROUSA 'ESTIN "AMA KAI 'AUTWN 'OU TO NOUQETEIN, 'ALL'
"APER 'AN4 'ALLON NOUQETWN 'EIPOI TI$, FAINESQAI TAUTA 'AUTON
DRWNTA DIA= BIOU. SUGGENEIAN DE-KAI "OMOGNIWN QEWN KOINWNIAN
PASAN 'TAUTOU FUSIN "AIMATO$ 'ECOUSAN TIMWN TI$ KAI
SEBOMENO$, 'EUNOU$ 'AN4 GENEQLIOU$ QEOU$ 'EI$ PAIDWN "AUTOU
SPORAN 'ISCOI KATA LOGON. KAI-MHN TO GE FILWN KAI "ETAIRWN
<P 729D>
PRO$ TA$ 'EN BIWI "OMILIA$ 'EUMENEI$ 'AN4 TI$ KTWITO, MEIZOU$ MEN-KAI
SEMNOTERA$ TA$ 'EKEINWN "UPHRESIA$ 'EI$ "AUTON "HGOUMENO$
'H= 'KEINOI, 'ELATTOU$ D' 'AU TA$ "AUTOU DIANOOUMENO$ 'EI$ TOU$
FILOU$ CARITA$ 'AUTWN TWN FILWN TE-KAI "ETAIRWN. 'EI$ MHN
POLIN KAI POLITA$ MAKRWI 'ARISTO$ "OSTI$ PRO TOU* 'OLUMPIASIN
KAI "APANTWN 'AGWNWN POLEMIKWN TE-KAI 'EIRHNIKWN
NIKAN DEXAIT' 'AN4 DOXHI "UPHRESIA$ TWN 'OIKOI NOMWN, "W$
<P 729E>
"UPHRETHKW$ PANTWN KALLIST' 'ANQRWPWN 'AUTOI$ 'EN TW*I BIWI.
PRO$ D' 'AU TOU$ XENOU$ DIANOHTEON "W$ "AGIWTATA SUMBOLAIA
'ONTA; SCEDON GAR PANT' 'ESTI TA TWN XENWN KAI 'EI$ TOU$
XENOU$ "AMARTHMATA PARA TA TWN POLITWN 'EI$ QEON 'ANHRTHMENA
TIMWRON MALLON. 'ERHMO$ GAR 'WN "O XENO$ "ETAIRWN TE-KAI
SUGGENWN 'ELEEINOTERO$ 'ANQRWPOI$ KAI QEOI$; "O DUNAMENO$
'OUN TIMWREIN MALLON BOHQEI0 PROQUMOTERON, DUNATAI


<P 730A>
DE DIAFERONTW$ "O XENIO$ "EKASTWN DAIMWN KAI QEO$ TW*I XENIWI
SUNEPOMENOI DII. POLLH$ 'OUN 'EULABEIA$, "WI KAI SMIKRON
PROMHQEIA$ 'ENI, MHDEN "AMARTHMA PERI= XENOU$ "AMARTONTA 'EN
TW*I BIWI PRO$ TO TELO$ 'AUTOU4 POREUQHNAI. XENIKWN D' 'AU
KAI 'EPICWRIWN "AMARTHMATWN TO PERI= TOU$ "IKETA$ MEGISTON
GIGNETAI "AMARTHMA "EKASTOI$; MEQ' "OU2 GAR "IKETEUSA$ MARTURO$
"O "IKETH$ QEOU 'ETUCEN "OMOLOGIWN, FULAX DIAFERWN
"OUTO$ TOU* PAQONTO$ GIGNETAI, "WST' 'OUK 'AN4 POTE 'ATIMWRHTO$
PAQOI "O TUCWN "WN 'EPAQE.
<P 730B>
TA MEN-'OUN PERI= GONEA$ TE-KAI "EAUTON KAI TA "EAUTOU,
PERI= POLIN TE-KAI FILOU$ KAI SUGGENEIAN, XENIKA TE-KAI
'EPICW=RIA, DIELHLUQAMEN SCEDON "OMILHMATA, TO DE POI*O$ TI$
'WN 'AUTO$ 'AN4 KALLISTA DIAGAGOI TON BION, "EPOMENON TOUTWI
DIEXELQEIN; "OSA MH NOMO$, 'ALL' 'EPAINO$ PAIDEUWN KAI YOGO$
"EKASTOU$ 'EUHNIOU$ MALLON KAI 'EUMENEI$ TOI$ TEQHSESQAI
MELLOUSIN4 NOMOI$ 'APERGAZETAI, TAUT' 'ESTIN META TOUTO "HMIN
<P 730C>
"RHTEON. 'ALHQEIA DH PANTWN MEN 'AGAQWN QEOI$ "HGEITAI,
PANTWN DE 'ANQRWPOI$; "H$ "O GENHSESQAI MELLWN MAKARIO$
TE-KAI 'EUDAIMWN 'EX 'ARCH$ 'EUQU$ METOCO$ 'EIH, "INA "W$ PLEISTON
CRONON 'ALHQH$ 'WN DIABIOI3. PISTO$ GAR; "O DE 'APISTO$ "WI
FILON YEUDO$ "EKOUSION, "OTWI DE 'AKOUSION, 'ANOU$. "WN 'OUDETERON
ZHLWTON. 'AFILO$ GAR-DH PA$ "O GE 'APISTO$ KAI 'AMAQH$,
CRONOU DE PROIONTO$ GNWSQEI$, 'EI$ TO CALEPON GHRA$ 'ERHMIAN
"AUTWI PASAN KATESKEUASATO 'EPI TELEI TOU* BIOU, "WSTE ZWNTWN0
<P 730D>
KAI MH "ETAIRWN KAI PAIDWN SCEDON "OMOIW$ 'ORFANON 'AUTWI
GENESQAI TON BION. TIMIO$ MEN-DH-KAI "O MHDEN 'ADIKWN, "O
DE-MHD' 'EPITREPWN TOI$ 'ADIKOUSIN4 'ADIKEIN PLEON 'H= DIPLASIA$
TIMH$ 'AXIO$ 'EKEINOU; "O MEN-GAR "ENO$, "O DE POLLWN9 'ANTAXIO$9
"ETERWN1, MHNUWN THN TWN 'ALLWN TOI$ 'ARCOUSIN4 'ADIKIAN. "O DE-KAI
SUGKOLAZWN 'EI$ DUNAMIN TOI$ 'ARCOUSIN4, "O MEGA$ 'ANHR
'EN POLEI KAI TELEIO$, "OUTO$ 'ANAGOREUESQW NIKHFORO$ 'ARETHI.
<P 730E>
TON 'AUTON DH TOUTON 'EPAINON KAI PERI= SWFROSUNH$ CRH LEGEIN
KAI PERI= FRONHSEW$, KAI "OSA 'A=LLA 'AGAQA TI$ KEKTHTAI
DUNATA MH MONON 'AUTON 'ECEIN 'ALLA=-KAI 'ALLOI$ METADIDONAI;
KAI TON MEN METADIDONTA "W$ 'AKROTATON CRH TIMAN, TON D' 'AU
MH DUNAMENON, 'EQELONTA DE, 'EA*N DEUTERON, TON DE FQONOUNTA
KAI "EKONTA MHDENI KOINWNON DIA= FILIA$ GIGNOMENON 'AGAQWN


<P 731A>
TINWN 'AUTON MEN YEGEIN, TO DE KTHMA MHDEN MALLON DIA= TON
KEKTHMENON 'ATIMAZEIN, 'ALLA= KTASQAI KATA DUNAMIN. FILONIKEITW
DE "HMIN PA$ PRO$ 'ARETHN 'AFQONW$. "O MEN-GAR
TOIOUTO$ TA$ POLEI$ 'AUXEI0, "AMILLWMENO$ MEN 'AUTO$, TOU$
'ALLOU$ DE 'OU KOLOUWN DIABOLAI$; "O DE FQONERO$, THI TWN
'ALLWN DIABOLHI DEIN 'OIOMENO$ "UPERECEIN, 'AUTO$ TE "HTTON
SUNTEINEI0 PRO$ 'ARETHN THN 'ALHQH, TOU$ TE 'ANQAMILLWMENOU$
'EI$ 'AQUMIAN KAQISTHSI TW*I 'ADIKW$ YEGESQAI, KAI DIA= TAUTA
<P 731B>
'AGUMNASTON THN POLIN "OLHN 'EI$ "AMILLAN 'ARETH$ POIW*N,
SMIKROTERAN 'AUTHN PRO$ 'EUDOXIAN TO "EAUTOU MERO$ 'APERGAZETAI.
QUMOEIDH MEN-DH CRH PANTA 'ANDRA 'EINAI, PRA*ION DE
"W$ "OTI2 MALISTA. TA GAR TWN 'ALLWN CALEPA KAI DUSIATA
'H=-KAI TO PARAPAN 'ANIATA 'ADIKHMATA 'OUK 'ESTIN2 'ALLW$ 'EKFUGEIN
'H= MACOMENON KAI 'AMUNOMENON NIKWNTA KAI TW*I MHDEN
'ANIENAI KOLAZONTA, TOUTO DE 'ANEU QUMOU GENNAIOU YUCH PASA
<P 731C>
'ADUNATO$ DRAN. TA D' 'AU TWN "OSOI 'ADIKOUSIN0 MEN, 'IATA
DE, GIGNWSKEIN CRH PRWTON MEN "OTI4 PA$ "O 'ADIKO$ 'OUC "EKWN
'ADIKO$; TWN GAR MEGISTWN KAKWN 'OUDEI$ 'OUDAMOU 'OUDEN
"EKWN KEKTHITO 'AN4 POTE, POLU DE "HKISTA 'EN TOI$ TWN "EAUTOU
TIMIWTATOI$. YUCH D', "W$ 'EIPOMEN, 'ALHQEIA\ GE 'ESTIN PASIN
TIMIWTATON; 'EN 'OUN TW*I TIMIWTATWI TO MEGISTON KAKON 'OUDEI$
"EKWN MH POTE LABHI6 KAI ZHI2 DIA= BIOU KEKTHMENO$ 'AUTO. 'ALLA=
'ELEEINO$ MEN PANTW$ "O GE 'ADIKO$ KAI "O TA KAKA 'ECWN, 'ELEEIN
<P 731D>
DE TON MEN 'IASIMA 'ECONTA 'EGCWREI0 KAI 'ANEIRGONTA TON QUMON
PRAUNEIN KAI MH 'AKRACOLOUNTA GUNAIKEIW$ PIKRAINOMENON
DIATELEIN0, TW*I D' 'AKRATW$ KAI 'APARAMUQHTW$ PLHMMELEI KAI
KAKWI 'EFIENAI DEI THN 'ORGHN; DIO DH QUMOEIDH PREPEIN KAI
PRA*ION FAMEN "EKASTOTE 'EINAI DEIN TON 'AGAQON.
PANTWN DE MEGISTON KAKWN 'ANQRWPOI$ TOI$ POLLOI$ 'EMFUTON
'EN TAI$ YUCAI$ 'ESTIN, "OU2 PA$ "AUTWI SUGGNWMHN 'ECWN
<P 731E>
'APOFUGHN 'OUDEMIAN MHCANATAI0; TOUTO D' 'ESTIN "O= LEGOUSIN0
"W$ FILO$ "AUTWI PA$ 'ANQRWPO$ FUSEI TE 'ESTIN KAI 'ORQW$
'ECEI0 TO DEIN 'EINAI TOIOUTON. TO DE 'ALHQEIA\ GE PANTWN
"AMARTHMATWN DIA= THN SFO=DRA "EAUTOU FILIAN 'AITION "EKASTWI
GIGNETAI "EKASTOTE. TUFLOUTAI GAR PERI= TO FILOUMENON "O
FILWN, "WSTE TA DI=KAIA KAI TA 'AGAQA KAI TA KALA KAKW$


<P 732A>
KRINEI0, TO "AUTOU PRO TOU* 'ALHQOU$ 'AEI TIMAN DEIN "HGOUMENO$;
'OUTE-GAR "EAUTON 'OUTE TA "EAUTOU CRH TON GE MEGAN 'ANDRA
'ESOMENON STERGEIN, 'ALLA= TA DI=KAIA, 'EANTE PAR' "AUTWI 'EANTE
PAR' 'ALLWI MALLON PRATTOMENA TUGCANHI5. 'EK 'TAUTOU DE
"AMARTHMATO$ TOUTOU KAI TO THN 'AMAQIAN THN PAR' "AUTWI
DOKEIN SOFIAN 'EINAI GEGONE0 PASIN; "OQEN 'OUK 'EIDOTE$ "W$ 'EPO$
'EIPEIN 'OUDEN, 'OIOMEQA TA PANTA 'EIDENAI, 'OUK 'EPITREPONTE$ DE
<P 732B>
'ALLOI$ "A MH 'EPISTAMEQA0 PRATTEIN, 'ANAGKAZOMEQA "AMARTANEIN
'AUTOI PRATTONTE$. DIO PANTA 'ANQRWPON CRH FEUGEIN TO
SFO=DRA FILEIN "AUTON, TON D' "EAUTOU BELTIW DIWKEIN 'AEI,
MHDEMIAN 'AISCUNHN 'EPI TW*I TOIOUTWI PROSQEN POIOUMENON.
"A DE SMIKRO=TERA MEN TOUTWN KAI LEGOMENA POLLAKI$ 'ESTIN,
CRHSIMA DE TOUTWN 'OUC "HTTON, CRH LEGEIN "EAUTON 'ANAMIMNHISKONTA;
"WSPER GAR TINO$ 'APORREONTO$ 'AEI DEI 'TOUNANTION
'EPIRREIN, 'ANAMNHSI$ D' 'ESTIN 'EPIRROH FRONHSEW$ 'APOLEIPOUSH$.
<P 732C>
DIO DH GELWTWN TE 'EIRGESQAI CRH TWN 'EXAISIWN
KAI DAKRUWN, PARAGGELLEIN DE PANTI PANT' 'ANDRA, KAI "OLHN
PERICAREIAN PASAN 'APOKRUPTOMENON KAI PERIWDUNIAN 'EUSCHMONEIN
PEIRASQAI, KATA TE 'EUPRAGIA$ "ISTAMENOU TOU* DAIMONO$
"EKASTOU, KAI KATA TUCA$ "OION PRO$ "UYHLA KAI 'ANANTH DAIMONWN
'ANQISTAMENWN TISIN PRAXESIN, 'ELPIZEIN D' 'AEI TOI$
GE 'AGAQOISI TON QEON "A DWREITAI PONWN MEN 'EPIPIPTONTWN0
<P 732D>
'ANTI MEIZONWN 'ELATTOU$ POIHSEIN TWN T' 'AU NU*N PARONTWN0
'EPI TO BELTION METABOLA$, PERI= DE TA 'AGAQA TA 'ENANTIA
TOUTWN 'AEI PANT' 'AUTOI$ PARAGENHSESQAI MET' 'AGAQH$ TUCH$.
TAUTAI$ DH TAI$ 'ELPISIN "EKASTON CRH ZHN KAI TAI$ "UPOMNHSESI
PANTWN TWN TOIOUTWN, MHDEN FEIDOMENON, 'ALL' 'AEI KATA
TE PAIDIA$ KAI SPOUDA$ 'ANAMIMNHISKONTA "ETERON TE-KAI "EAUTON
SAFW$.
NU*N 'OUN-DH PERI= MEN 'EPITHDEUMATWN, "OI*A CRH 'EPITHDEUEIN,
<P 732E>
KAI PERI= 'AUTOU4 "EKASTOU, POI*ON TINA CREWN 'EINAI, LELEKTAI
SCEDON "OSA QEI*A 'ESTI, TA DE 'ANQRWPINA NU*N "HMIN 'OUK
'EIRHTAI, DEI DE; 'ANQRWPOI$ GAR DIALEGOMEQA 'ALL' 'OU QEOI$.
'ESTIN DH FUSEI 'ANQRWPEION MALISTA "HDONAI KAI LUPAI KAI
'EPIQUMIAI, 'EX "WN 'ANAGKH TO QNHTON PAN ZWION 'ATECNW$ "OION
'EXHRTHSQAI TE-KAI 'EKKREMAMENON-'EINAI SPOUDAI$ TAI$ MEGISTAI$;
DEI DH TON KALLISTON BION 'EPAINEIN, MH MONON "OTI4 TW*I


<P 733A>
SCHMATI KRATEI0 PRO$ 'EUDOXIAN, 'ALLA=-KAI "W$, 'AN2 TI$ 'EQELHI5
GEUESQAI KAI MH NEO$ 'WN FUGA$ 'AP' 'AUTOU4 GENHTAI, KRATEI0
KAI TOUTWI "O= PANTE$ ZHTOUMEN, TW*I CAIREIN PLEIW 'ELATTW
DE LUPEISQAI PARA TON BION "APANTA. "W$ DE 'ESTAI TOUTO
SAFE$, 'AN2 GEUHTAI TI$ 'ORQW$, "ETOIMW$ KAI SFO=DRA FANHSETAI.
"H DE 'ORQOTH$ TI=$: TOUTO 'HDH PARA TOU* LOGOU CRH
LAMBANONTA SKOPEIN; 'EI=TE "OUTW$ "HMIN KATA FUSIN PEFUKEN0
'EI=TE 'ALLW$ PARA FUSIN, BION CRH PARA BION "HDIW KAI
LUPHROTERON "WDE SKOPEIN. "HDONHN BOULOMEQA "HMIN 'EINAI,
<P 733B>
LUPHN DE-'OUQ' "AIROUMEQA 'OUTE BOULOMEQA, TO DE MHDETERON
'ANTI MEN "HDONH$ 'OU BOULOMEQA, LUPH$ DE 'ALLATTESQAI
BOULOMEQA; LUPHN D' 'ELATTW META MEIZONO$ "HDONH$ BOULOMEQA,
"HDONHN D' 'ELATTW META MEIZONO$ LUPH$ 'OU BOULOMEQA,
'ISA DE 'ANTI 'ISWN "EKA=TERA TOUTWN 'OUC "W$ BOULOMEQA 'ECOIMEN
'AN4 DIASAFEIN. TAUTA DE PANTA 'ESTIN PLHQEI KAI MEGEQEI
KAI SFODROTHSIN 'ISOTHSIN TE-KAI "OSA 'ENANTIA 'ESTIN PASI
TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ PRO$ BOULHSIN, DIAFERONTA TE-KAI MHDEN
<P 733C>
DIAFERONTA PRO$ "AIRESIN "EKASTWN. "OUTW DH TOUTWN 'EX
'ANAGKH$ DIAKEKOSMHMENWN, 'EN "WI MEN BIWI 'ENESTI POLLA "EKA=TERA
KAI MEGALA KAI SFODRA=, "UPERBALLEI0 DE TA TWN "HDONWN,
BOULOMEQA, 'EN "WI DE TA 'ENANTIA, 'OU BOULOMEQA; KAI 'AU 'EN
"WI 'OLIGA "EKA=TERA KAI SMIKRA KAI 'HREMAI*A, "UPERBALLEI0 DE TA
LUPHRA, 'OU BOULOMEQA, 'EN "WI DE 'TANANTIA, BOULOMEQA. 'EN
"WI D' 'AU BIWI 'ISORROPEI0, KAQAPER 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN DEI DIANOEISQAI;
TON 'ISORROPON BION "W$ TWN MEN "UPERBALLONTWN0
<P 733D>
TW*I FILWI "HMIN BOULOMEQA, TWN D' 'AU TOI$ 'ECQROI$ 'OU BOULOMEQA.
PANTA$ DH DEI DIANOEISQAI TOU$ BIOU$ "HMWN "W$ 'EN
TOUTOI$ 'ENDEDEMENOI PEFUKASIN, KAI DEI DIANOEISQAI POI=OU$
FUSEI BOULOMEQA; 'EI DE TI PARA TAUTA 'A=RA FAMEN BOULESQAI,
DIA= TINA 'AGNOIAN KAI 'APEIRIAN TWN 'ONTWN0 BIWN 'AUTA
LEGOMEN.
TI=NE$ DH-KAI PO=SOI 'EISI BIOI, "WN PE=RI DEI PROELOMENON
TO BOULHTON TE-KAI "EKOUSION8 'ABOULHTON8 TE8-KAI8 'AKOUSION
<P 733E>
'IDONTA 'EI$ NOMON "EAUTWI TAXAMENON, TO FILON "AMA KAI "HDU
KAI 'ARISTON TE-KAI KALLISTON "ELOMENON, ZHN "W$ "OION-T'-'ESTIN
'ANQRWPON MAKARIWTATA: LEGWMEN DH SWFRONA BION "ENA 'EINAI
KAI FRONIMON "ENA KAI "ENA TON 'ANDREION, KAI TON "UGIEINON
BION "ENA TAXWMEQA; KAI TOUTOI$ 'OUSIN TETTARSIN 'ENANTIOU$
'ALLOU$ TETTARA$, 'AFRONA, DEILON, 'AKOLASTON, NOSWDH. SWFRONA
MEN-'OUN BION "O GIGNWSKWN QHSEI2 PRA*ION 'EPI PANTA,


<P 734A>
KAI 'HREMAIA$ MEN LUPA$, 'HREMAIA$ DE "HDONA$, MALAKA$ DE
'EPIQUMIA$ KAI 'ERWTA$ 'OUK 'EMMANEI$ PARECOMENON, 'AKOLASTON
DE, 'OXUN 'EPI PANTA, KAI SFODRA$ MEN LUPA$, SFODRA$ DE
"HDONA$, SUNTONOU$ DE-KAI 'OISTRWDEI$ 'EPIQUMIA$ TE-KAI 'ERWTA$
"W$ "OION-TE 'EMMANESTATOU$ PARECOMENON, "UPERBALLOUSA$ DE
'EN MEN TW*I SWFRONI BIWI TA$ "HDONA$ TWN 'ACQHDONWN, 'EN
DE TW*I 'AKOLASTWI TA$ LUPA$ TWN "HDONWN MEGEQEI KAI PLHQEI
KAI PUKNOTHSIN. "OQEN "O MEN "HDIWN "HMIN TWN BIWN, "O DE
<P 734B>
LUPHROTERO$ 'EX 'ANAGKH$ SUMBAINEI0 KATA FUSIN GIGNESQAI,
KAI TON GE BOULOMENON "HDEW$ ZHN 'OUKETI PAREIKEI0 "EKONTA
GE 'AKOLASTW$ ZHN, 'ALL' 'HDH DHLON "W$, 'EI TO NU*N LEGOMENON
'ORQON, PA$ 'EX 'ANAGKH$ 'AKWN 'ESTIN 'AKOLASTO$; 'H= GAR DI'
'AMAQIAN 'H= DI' 'AKRATEIAN 'H= DI' 'AMFO=TERA, TOU* SWFRONEIN 'ENDEH$
'WN ZHI0 "O PA$ 'ANQRWPINO$ 'OCLO$. 'TAUTA DE PERI= NOSWDOU$
TE-KAI "UGIEINOU BIOU DIANOHTEON, "W$ 'ECOUSI0 MEN "HDONA$
KAI LUPA$, "UPERBALLOUSI0 DE "HDONAI MEN LUPA$ 'EN "UGIEIA\,
<P 734C>
LUPAI DE "HDONA$ 'EN NOSOI$. "HMIN DE "H BOULHSI$ TH$ "AIRESEW$
TWN BIWN 'OUC "INA TO LUPHRON "UPERBALLHI5; "OPOU D'
"UPERBALLETAI, TOUTON TON BION "HDIW KEKRIKAMEN. "O DH
SWFRWN TOU* 'AKOLASTOU KAI "O FRONIMO$ TOU* 'AFRONO$, FAIMEN
'AN4, KAI "O TH$ 'ANDREIA$ TOU* TH$ DEILIA$ 'ELATTONA KAI SMIKRO=TERA
KAI MANO=TERA 'ECWN 'AMFO=TERA, THI TWN "HDONWN "EKATERO$
"EKA=TERON "UPERBALLWN, THI TH$ LUPH$ 'EKEINWN "UPERBALLONTWN0
<P 734D>
'AUTOU$, "O MEN 'ANDREIO$ TON DEILON, "O DE FRONIMO$ TON 'AFRONA
NIKWSIN0, "WSTE "HDIOU$ 'EINAI TOU$ BIOU$ TWN BIWN, SWFRONA
KAI 'ANDREION KAI FRONIMON KAI "UGIEINON DEILOU KAI 'AFRONO$
KAI 'AKOLASTOU KAI NOSWDOU$, KAI SULLHBDHN TON 'ARETH$
'ECOMENON KATA SWMA 'H=-KAI KATA YUCHN TOU* TH$ MOCQHRIA$
'ECOMENOU BIOU "HDIW TE 'EINAI KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ "UPERECEIN 'EK
PERITTOU KALLEI KAI 'ORQOTHTI KAI 'ARETHI KAI 'EUDOXIA\, "WSTE
<P 734E>
TON 'ECONTA 'AUTON ZHN 'EUDAIMONESTERON 'APERGAZESQAI TOU*
'ENANTIOU TW*I PANTI KAI "OLWI.
KAI TO MEN PROOIMION TWN NOMWN 'ENTAUQOI LECQEN TWN
LOGWN TELO$ 'ECETW, META DE TO PROOIMION 'ANAGKAION POU
NOMON "EPESQAI, MALLON DE TO GE 'ALHQE$ NOMOU$ POLITEIA$
"UPOGRAFEIN. KAQAPER 'OUN-DH TINA SUNUFHN 'H=-KAI PLEGM'
'A=LL'2 "OTIOUN, 'OUK 'EK TWN 'AUTWN "OION-T'-'ESTIN THN TE 'EFUFHN
KAI TON STHMONA 'APERGAZESQAI, DIAFEREIN D' 'ANAGKAION TO
TWN STHMONWN PRO$ 'ARETHN GENO$ % 'ISCURON TE-GAR-KAI TINA


<P 735A>
BEBAIOTHTA 'EN TOI$ TROPOI$ 'EILHFO$, TO DE MALAKWTERON KAI
'EPIEIKEIA\ TINI DIKAIA\ CRWMENON % "OQEN DH TOU$ TA$ 'ARCA$ 'EN
TAI$ POLESIN 'ARXONTA$ DEI DIAKRINESQAI TINA TROPON TAUTHI
KAI TOU$ SMIKRA*I PAIDEIA\ BASANISQENTA$ "EKASTOTE KATA LOGON.
'ESTON0 GAR-DH DUO POLITEIA$ 'EIDH, TO MEN 'ARCWN KATASTASEI$
"EKASTOI$, TO DE NOMOI TAI$ 'ARCAI$ 'APODOQENTE$.
TO DE PRO TOUTWN "APANTWN DEI DIANOEISQAI TA TOIADE.
<P 735B>
PASAN 'AGELHN POIMHN KAI BOUKOLO$ TROFEU$ TE "IPPWN KAI
"OSA 'A=LLA TOIAUTA PARALABWN, 'OUK 'ALLW$ MH POTE 'EPICEIRHSEI2
QERAPEUEIN 'H= PRWTON MEN TON "EKASTHI PROSHKONTA KAQARMON
KAQAREI2 THI SUNOIKHSEI, DIALEXA$ DE TA TE "UGIH KAI TA MH KAI
TA GENNAI*A KAI 'AGENNH, TA MEN 'APOPEMYEI2 PRO$ 'ALLA$ TINA$
'AGELA$, TA DE QERAPEUSEI2, DIANOOUMENO$ "W$ MATAIO$ 'AN4 "O
PONO$ 'EIH KAI 'ANHNUTO$ PERI= TE SWMA KAI YUCA$, "A$ FUSI$
<P 735C>
KAI PONHRA TROFH DIEFQARKUIA PROSAPOLLUSIN0 TO TWN "UGIWN
KAI 'AKHRATWN 'HQWN TE-KAI SWMATWN GENO$ 'EN "EKASTOI$ TWN
KTHMATWN, 'AN2 TI$ TA "UPARCONTA MH DIAKAQAIRHTAI. TA MEN-DH
TWN 'ALLWN ZWIWN 'ELATTWN TE SPOUDH KAI PARADEIGMATO$
"ENEKA MONON 'A=XIA PARAQESQAI TW*I LOGWI, TA DE TWN 'ANQRWPWN
SPOUDH$ TH$ MEGISTH$ TW*I TE NOMOQETHI DIEREUNASQAI KAI FRAZEIN
TO PROSHKON0 "EKASTOI$ KAQARMOU TE PE=RI KAI SUMPASWN
<P 735D>
TWN 'ALLWN PRAXEWN. 'AUTIKA GAR TO PERI= KAQARMOU$ POLEW$
"WD' 'ECON 'AN4 'EIH; POLLWN 'OUSWN TWN DIAKAQARSEWN "AI MEN
"RA\OU$ 'EISIN, "AI DE CALEPWTERAI, KAI TA$ MEN TURANNO$ MEN 'WN
KAI NOMOQETH$ "O 'AUTO$, "OSAI CALEPAI T' 'EISIN KAI 'ARISTAI,
DUNAIT' 'AN4 KAQHRAI0, NOMOQETH$ DE 'ANEU TURANNIDO$ KAQISTA$
POLITEIAN KAINHN KAI NOMOU$, 'EI KAI TON PRA\OTATON TWN
KAQARMWN KAQHREIEN, 'AGAPWNTW$ 'AN4 KAI TO TOIOUTON DRASEIEN.
'ESTI D' "O MEN 'ARISTO$ 'ALGEINO$, KAQAPER "OSA TWN
<P 735E>
FARMAKWN TOIOUTOTROPA, "O THI DIKHI META TIMWRIA$ 'EI$ TO
KOLAZEIN 'AGWN, QANATON 'H= FUGHN THI TIMWRIA\ TO TELO$
'EPITIQEI=$; TOU$ GAR MEGISTA 'EXHMARTHKOTA$, 'ANIATOU$ DE
'ONTA$, MEGISTHN DE 'OUSAN BLABHN POLEW$, 'APALLATTEIN
'EIWQEN0. "O DE PRA\OTERO$ 'ESTI TWN KAQARMWN "O TOIOSDE "HMIN;
"OSOI DIA= THN TH$ TROFH$ 'APORIAN TOI$ "HGEMOSIN 'EPI TA
TWN 'ECONTWN0 MH 'ECONTE$ "ETOIMOU$ "AUTOU$ 'ENDEIKNUNTAI PARESKEUAKOTE$


<P 736A>
"EPESQAI, TOUTOI$ "W$ NOSHMATI POLEW$ 'EMPEFUKOTI,
DI' 'EUFHMIA$ 'APALLAGHN, 'ONOMA 'APOIKIAN TIQEMENO$, 'EUMENW$
"OTI2 MALISTA 'EXEPEMYATO. PANTI MEN-'OUN NOMOQETOUNTI TOUTO
"AMW$ GE PW$ KAT' 'ARCA$ DRASTEON, "HMIN MHN 'ETI TOUTWN
'AKOPW=TERA TA PERI= TAUT' 'ESTI-SUMBEBHKOTA NU*N; 'OUTE-GAR
'APOIKIAN 'OUT' 'EKLOGHN TINA KAQARSEW$ DEI MHCANASQAI PRO$
TO PARON, "OION DE TINWN SURREONTWN0 'EK POLLWN TA MEN PHGWN
<P 736B>
TA DE CEIMARRWN 'EI$ MIAN LIMNHN, 'ANAGKAION PROSECONTA$ TON
NOUN FULATTEIN "OPW$ "OTI2 KAQARWTATON 'ESTAI TO SURREON
"UDWR, TA MEN 'EXANTLOUNTA$, TA D' 'APOCETEUONTA$ KAI PARATREPONTA$.
PONO$ D', "W$ 'EOIKEN0, KAI KINDUNO$ 'ESTIN 'EN PASHI
KATASKEUHI POLITIKHI. TA D' 'EPEIPER LOGWI G' 'ESTIN TA NU*N 'ALL'
'OUK 'ERGWI PRATTOMENA, PEPERANQW TE "HMIN "H SULLOGH KAI KATA
NOUN "H KAQAROTH$ 'AUTH$ 'ESTW-SUMBEBHKUIA; TOU$ GAR KAKOU$
<P 736C>
TWN 'EPICEIROUNTWN0 'EI$ THN NU*N POLIN "W$ POLITEUSOMENOU$
SUNIENAI PEIQOI PASHI KAI "IKANWI CRONWI DIABASANISANTE$,
DIAKWLUSWMEN 'AFIKNEISQAI, TOU$ D' 'AGAQOU$ 'EI$ DUNAMIN
'EUMENEI$ "ILEWI TE PROSAGWMEQA.
TODE DE MH LANQANETW GIGNOMENON "HMA$ 'EUTUCHMA, "OTI42
KAQAPER 'EIPOMEN THN TWN "HRAKLEIDWN 'APOIKIAN 'EUTUCEIN,
"W$ GH$ KAI CREWN 'APOKOPH$ KAI NOMH$ PE=RI DEINHN KAI
'EPIKINDUNON 'ERIN 'EXEFUGEN, "HN NOMOQETEISQAI 'ANAGKASQEISHI
<P 736D>
POLEI TWN 'ARCAIWN 'OUTE 'EA*N "OION-TE 'AKINHTON 'OUT' 'AU KINEIN
DUNATON 'ESTI TINA TROPON, 'EUCH DE MONON "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN LEIPETAI,
KAI SMIKRA METABASI$ 'EULABH$ 'EN POLLWI CRONWI SMIKRON
METABIBAZOUSIN4, "HDE; TWN KINOUNTWN0 'AEI KEKTHMENWN MEN
'AUTWN GHN 'AFQONON "UPARCEIN, KEKTHMENWN DE-KAI 'OFEILETA$
"AUTOI$ POLLOU$ 'EQELONTWN0 TE TOUTWN PHI TOI$ 'APOROUMENOI$
<P 736E>
DI' 'EPIEIKEIAN KOINWNEIN, TA MEN 'AFIENTA$, TA DE NEMOMENOU$,
"AMHI GE PHI TH$ METRIOTHTO$ 'ECOMENOU$ KAI PENIAN "HGOUMENOU$
'EINAI MH TO THN 'OUSIAN 'ELATTW POIEIN 'ALLA= TO THN 'APLHSTIAN
PLEIW. SWTHRIA$ TE-GAR 'ARCH MEGISTH POLEW$ "AU=TH GIGNETAI,
KAI 'EPI TAUTH$ "OION KRHPIDO$ MONIMOU 'EPOIKODOMEIN DUNATON
"ONTINA 'AN4 "USTERON 'EPOIKODOMHI5 TI$ KOSMON POLITIKON PROSHKONTA
THI TOIAUTHI KATASTASEI; TAUTH$ DE SAQRA$ 'OUSH$ TH$


<P 737A>
METABASEW$, 'OUK 'EUPORO$ "H META TAUTA POLITIKH PRAXI$
'OUDEMIA*I GIGNOIT' 'AN4 POLEI. "HN "HMEI$ MEN, "W$ FAMEN, 'EKFEUGOMEN;
"OMW$ DE 'EIRHSQAI GE 'ORQOTERON, 'EI KAI MH 'EXEFEUGOMEN,
"OPHI POT' 'AN4 'EPOIOUMEQA 'AUTH$ THN FUGHN. 'EIRHSQW DH NUN
"OTI4 DIA= TOU* MH FILOCRHMATEIN META DIKH$, 'ALLH D' 'OUK 'ESTIN
'OUT' 'EUREIA 'OUTE STENH TH$ TOIAUTH$ MHCANH$ DIAFUGH; KAI
TOUTO MEN "OION "ERMA POLEW$ "HMIN KEISQW TA NU*N. 'ANEGKLHTOU$
<P 737B>
GAR DEI TA$ 'OUSIA$ PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ KATASKEUAZESQAI
"AMW$ GE PW$, 'H= MH PROIENAI PROTERON 'EI$ 'TOUMPROSQEN
"EKONTA 'EINAI TH$ 'ALLH$ KATASKEUH$ "OI$ 'HI PALAIA 'EGKLHMATA
PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$, KAI8 "OSOI$ NOU KAI SMIKRON METHI5;
"OI$ DE, "W$ "HMIN NU*N, QEO$ 'EDWKE KAINHN TE POLIN 'OIKIZEIN
KAI MH TINA$ 'ECQRA$ 'EINAI PW PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$, TOUTOU$
'ECQRA$ "AUTOI$ 'AITIOU$ GENESQAI DIA= THN DIANOMHN TH$ GH$
TE-KAI 'OIKHSEWN 'OUK 'ANQRWPINO$ 'AN4 'EIH META KAKH$ PASH$
'AMAQIA.
<P 737C>
TI=$ 'OUN-DH TROPO$ 'AN4 'EIH TH$ 'ORQH$ DIANOMH$: PRWTON
MEN TON 'AUTWN 'OGKON TOU* 'ARIQMOU DEI TAXASQAI, PO=SON 'EINAI
CREWN; META DE TOUTO THN DIANOMHN TWN POLITWN, KAQ' "OPOSA
MERH PLHQEI KAI "OPHLIKA DIAIRETEON 'AUTOU$, 'ANOMOLOGHTEON;
'EPI DE TAUTA THN TE GHN KAI TA$ 'OIKHSEI$ "OTI2 MALISTA 'ISA$
'EPINEMHTEON. 'OGKO$ DH PLHQOU$ "IKANO$ 'OUK 'ALLW$ 'ORQW$
GIGNOIT' 'AN4 LECQEI$ 'H= PRO$ THN GHN KAI PRO$ TA$ TWN
<P 737D>
PLHSIOCWRWN POLEI$; GH MEN "OPOSH POSOU=$ SWFRONA$
'ONTA$ "IKANH TREFEIN, PLEIONO$ DE 'OUDEN PROSDEI0, PLHQOU$
DE, "OPOSOI TOU$ PROSCWROU$ 'ADIKOUNTA$ TE 'AUTOU$ 'AMUNASQAI
DUNATOI KAI GEITOSIN "EAUTWN 'ADIKOUMENOI$ BOHQHSAI0 MH PANTAPASIN
'APORW$ DUNAINT' 'AN4. TAUTA DE, 'IDONTE$ THN CWRAN KAI
TOU$ GEITONA$, "ORIOUMEQA 'ERGWI KAI LOGOI$; NU*N DE SCHMATO$
"ENEKA KAI "UPOGRAFH$, "INA PERAINHTAI, PRO$ THN NOMOQESIAN
"O LOGO$ 'ITW.
<P 737E>
PENTAKI$ MEN CILIOI 'ESTWSAN KAI TETTARAKONTA, 'ARIQMOU
TINO$ "ENEKA PROSHKONTO$, GEWMOROI TE-KAI 'AMUNOUNTE$ THI
NOMHI; GH DE-KAI 'OIKHSEI$ "WSAUTW$ TA 'AUTA MERH DIANEMHQHTWN,
GENOMENA 'ANHR KAI KLHRO$ SUNNOMH. DUO MEN-DH MERH
TOU* PANTO$ 'ARIQMOU TO PRWTON NEMHQHTW, META DE TAUTA TRIA
TON 'AUTON; PEFUKE0 GAR-KAI TETTARA KAI PENTE KAI MECRI TWN
DEKA 'EFEXH$. DEI DH PERI= 'ARIQMWN TO GE TOSOUTON PANTA


<P 738A>
'ANDRA NOMOQETOUNTA NENOHKENAI, TI=$ 'ARIQMO$ KAI POI*O$
PASAI$ POLESIN CRHSIMWTATO$ 'AN4 'EIH. LEGWMEN DH TON
PLEISTA$ KAI 'EFEXH$ MALISTA DIANOMA$ 'EN "AUTWI KEKTHMENON.
"O MEN-DH PA$ 'EI$ PANTA PASA$ TOMA$ 'EILHCEN0; "O DE TWN
TETTARAKONTA KAI PENTAKISCILIWN 'EI$ TE POLEMON KAI "OSA
KAT' 'EIRHNHN PRO$ "APANTA TA SUMBOLAIA KAI KOINWNHMATA,
'EISFORWN TE PE=RI KAI DIANOMWN, 'OU PLEIOU$ MIA$ DEOUSWN
"EXHKONTA DUNAIT' 'AN4 TEMNESQAI TOMWN, SUNECEI$ DE 'APO MIA$
<P 738B>
MECRI TWN DEKA.
TAUTA MEN-'OUN-DH-KAI KATA SCOLHN DEI BEBAIW$ LABEIN,
"OI$ 'AN4 "O NOMO$ PROSTATTHI5 LAMBANEIN; 'ECEI0 GAR-'OUN 'OUK 'ALLW$
'H= TAUTHI, DEI DE 'AUTA "RHQHNAI TWNDE "ENEKA KATOIKIZONTI
POLIN. 'OUT' 'AN2 KAINHN 'EX 'ARCH$ TI$ POIHI5 'OUT' 'AN2 PALAIAN
DIEFQARMENHN 'EPISKEUAZHTAI, PERI= QEWN GE-KAI "IERWN, "ATTA
TE 'EN THI POLEI "EKASTOI$ "IDRUSQAI DEI KAI "WNTINWN 'EPONOMAZESQAI
QEWN 'H= DAIMONWN, 'OUDEI$ 'EPICEIRHSEI2 KINEIN NOUN 'ECWN
<P 738C>
"OSA 'EK DELFWN 'H= DWDWNH$ 'H= PAR' 'AMMWNO$ 'H= TINE$ 'EPEISAN
PALAIOI LOGOI "OPHIDH TINA$ PEISANTE$, FASMATWN GENOMENWN
'H= 'EPIPNOIA$ LECQEISH$ QEWN, PEISANTE$ DE QUSIA$ TELETAI$
SUMMEIKTOU$ KATESTHSANTO 'EI=TE 'AUTOQEN 'EPICWRIOU$ 'EI=T'-'OUN
TURRHNIKA$ 'EI=TE KUPRIA$ 'EI=TE 'ALLOQEN "OQENOUN, KAQIERWSAN
DE TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ LOGOI$ FHMA$ TE-KAI 'AGALMATA KAI BWMOU$
KAI NAOU$, TEMENH TE TOUTWN "EKASTOI$ 'ETEMENISAN; TOUTWN
<P 738D>
NOMOQETHI TO SMIKROTATON "APANTWN 'OUDEN KINHTEON, TOI$ DE
MERESIN "EKASTOI$ QEON 'H= DAIMONA 'H=-KAI TINA "HRWA 'APODOTEON,
'EN DE THI TH$ GH$ DIANOMHI PRWTOI$ 'EXAIRETA TEMENH TE-KAI
PANTA TA PROSHKONTA 'APODOTEON, "OPW$ 'AN4 SULLOGOI "EKASTWN
TWN MERWN KATA CRONOU$ GIGNOMENOI TOU$ PROSTACQENTA$
'EI$ TE TA$ CREIA$ "EKASTA$ 'EUMAREIAN PARASKEUAZWSI KAI
FILOFRONWNTAI TE 'ALLHLOU$ META QUSIWN KAI 'OIKEIWNTAI
<P 738E>
KAI GNWRIZWSIN, "OU2 MEIZON 'OUDEN POLEI 'AGAQON 'H= GNWRIMOU$
'AUTOU$ "AUTOI$ 'EINAI. "OPOU GAR MH FW$ 'ALLHLOI$ 'ESTIN
'ALLHLWN 'EN TOI$ TROPOI$ 'ALLA= SKOTO$, 'OUT' 'AN4 TIMH$ TH$
'AXIA$ 'OUT' 'ARCWN 'OUTE DIKH$ POTE TI$ 'AN4 TH$ PROSHKOUSH$
'ORQW$ TUGCANOI; DEI DH PANTA 'ANDRA "EN PRO$ "EN TOUTO
SPEUDEIN 'EN PASAI$ POLESIN, "OPW$ MHTE 'AUTO$ KIBDHLO$
POTE FANEITAI "OTWIOUN, "APLOU$ DE-KAI 'ALHQH$ 'AEI, MHTE
'ALLO$ TOIOUTO$ 'WN 'AUTON DIAPATHSEI2.


<P 739A>
"H DH TO META TOUTO FORA, KAQAPER PETTWN 'AF' "IEROU, TH$
TWN NOMWN KATASKEUH$, 'AHQH$ 'OUSA, TAC' 'AN4 QAUMASAI0 TON
'AKOUONTA TO PRWTON POIHSEIEN; 'OU-MHN-'ALL' 'ANALOGIZOMENWI
KAI PEIRWMENWI FANEITAI DEUTERW$ 'AN4 POLI$ 'OIKEISQAI PRO$
TO BELTISTON. TACA D' 'OUK 'AN4 TI$ PROSDEXAITO 'AUTHN DIA= TO
MH SUNHQE$ NOMOQETHI MH TURANNOUNTI; TO D' 'ESTIN 'ORQOTATON
'EIPEIN MEN THN 'ARISTHN POLITEIAN KAI DEUTERAN KAI TRITHN,
<P 739B>
DOUNAI0 DE 'EIPONTA "AIRESIN "EKASTWI TW*I TH$ SUNOIKHSEW$ KURIWI.
POIWMEN DH KATA TOUTON TON LOGON KAI TA NU*N "HMEI$, 'EIPONTE$
'ARETHI PRWTHN POLITEIAN KAI DEUTERAN KAI TRITHN; THN DE
"AIRESIN KLEINIA\ TE 'APODIDWMEN TA NU*N KAI 'EI TI$ 'ALLO$ 'AEI
POTE 'EQELHSEIEN 'EPI THN TWN TOIOUTWN 'EKLOGHN 'ELQWN KATA
TON "EAUTOU TROPON 'APONEIMASQAI TO FILON "AUTWI TH$ "AUTOU
PATRIDO$.
PRWTH MEN-TOINUN POLI$ TE 'ESTIN KAI POLITEIA KAI NOMOI
<P 739C>
'ARISTOI, "OPOU TO PALAI LEGOMENON 'AN4 GIGNHTAI KATA PASAN
THN POLIN "OTI2 MALISTA; LEGETAI DE "W$ 'ONTW$ 'ESTI KOINA TA
FILWN. TOUT' 'OUN-'EI=TE-POU NU*N 'ESTIN 'EI=T' 'ESTAI POTE %
KOINA$ MEN GUNAIKA$, KOINOU$ DE 'EINAI PAIDA$, KOINA DE CRHMATA
SUMPANTA % KAI PASHI MHCANHI TO LEGOMENON 'IDION
PANTACOQEN 'EK TOU* BIOU "APAN 'EXHIRHTAI, MEMHCANHTAI D' 'EI$
TO DUNATON KAI TA FUSEI 'I=DIA KOINA "AMHI GE PHI GEGONENAI,
"OION 'OMMATA KAI 'WTA KAI CEIRA$ KOINA MEN "ORAN DOKEIN KAI
<P 739D>
'AKOUEIN KAI PRATTEIN, 'EPAINEIN T' 'AU KAI YEGEIN KAQ' "EN "OTI2
MALISTA SUMPANTA$ 'EPI TOI$ 'AUTOI$ CAIRONTA$ KAI LUPOUMENOU$,
KAI KATA DUNAMIN "OITINE$ NOMOI MIAN "OTI2 MALISTA
POLIN 'APERGAZONTAI, TOUTWN "UPERBOLHI PRO$ 'ARETHN 'OUDEI$
POTE "ORON 'ALLON QEMENO$ 'ORQOTERON 'OUDE BELTIW QHSETAI.
"H MEN-DH TOIAUTH POLI$, 'EI=TE-POU QEOI 'H= PAIDE$ QEWN 'AUTHN
'OIKOUSI0 PLEIOU$ "ENO$, "OUTW DIAZWNTE$ 'EUFRAINOMENOI KATOIKOUSI0;
<P 739E>
DIO DH PARADEIGMA GE POLITEIA$ 'OUK 'ALLHI CRH
SKOPEIN, 'ALL' 'ECOMENOU$ TAUTH$ THN "OTI2 MALISTA TOIAUTHN
ZHTEIN KATA DUNAMIN. "HN DE NU*N "HMEI$ 'EPIKECEIRHKAMEN, 'EIH
TE 'AN4 GENOMENH PW$ 'AQANASIA$ 'EGGUTATA KAI "H MIA DEUTERW$;
TRITHN DE META TAUTA, 'EA=N QEO$ 'EQELHI5, DIAPERANOUMEQA.
NU*N D'-'OUN TAUTHN TI=NA LEGOMEN KAI PW*$ GENOMENHN 'AN4
TOIAUTHN:
NEIMASQWN MEN-DH PRWTON GHN TE-KAI 'OIKIA$, KAI MH


<P 740A>
KOINHI GEWRGOUNTWN3, 'EPEIDH TO TOIOUTON MEIZON 'H= KATA THN
NU*N GENESIN KAI TROFHN KAI PAIDEUSIN 'EIRHTAI; NEMESQWN D'-'OUN
TOIA*IDE DIANOIA\ PW$, "W$ 'A=RA DEI TON LACONTA THN LHXIN
TAUTHN NOMIZEIN MEN KOINHN 'AUTHN TH$ POLEW$ SUMPASH$,
PATRIDO$ DE 'OUSH$ TH$ CWRA$ QERAPEUEIN 'AUTHN DEI MEIZONW$
'H= MHTERA PAIDA$, TW*I KAI DESPOINAN QEON 'AUTHN 'OUSAN QNHTWN
'ONTWN0 GEGONENAI, 'TAUTA D' 'ECEIN DIANOHMATA KAI PERI= TOU$
<P 740B>
'EGCWRIOU$ QEOU$ TE "AMA KAI DAIMONA$. "OPW$ D' 'AN4 TAUTA 'EI$
TON 'AEI CRONON "OUTW$ 'ECONTA "UPARCHI5, TADE PROSDIANOHTEON,
"OSAI 'EISI TA NU*N "HMIN "ESTIAI DIANEMHQEISAI TON 'ARIQMON,
TAUTA$ DEIN 'AEI TOSAUTA$ 'EINAI KAI-MHTE TI PLEIOU$ GIGNESQAI
MHTE TI POTE 'ELATTOU$. "WD' 'OUN 'AN4 TO TOIOUTON BEBAIW$
GIGNOITO PERI= PASAN POLIN; "O LACWN TON KLHRON KATALEIPETW
'AEI TAUTH$ TH$ 'OIKHSEW$ "ENA MONON KLHRONOMON
TWN "EAUTOU PAIDWN, "ON 'AN4 'AUTWI MALISTA 'HI FILON, DIADOCON
<P 740C>
KAI QERAPEUTHN QEWN KAI GENOU$ KAI POLEW$ TWN TE ZWNTWN0
KAI "OSOU$ 'AN4 'HDH TELO$ 'EI$ TON TO=TE CRONON 'ECHI5; TOU$ DE
'ALLOU$ PAIDA$, "OI$ 'AN4 PLEIOU$ "ENO$ GIGNWNTAI, QHLEIA$ TE
'EKDOSQAI KATA NOMON TON 'EPITACQHSOMENON, 'ARRENA$ TE, "OI$
'AN4 TH$ GENESEW$ 'ELLEIPHI5 TWN POLITWN, TOUTOI$ "UEI$ DIANEMEIN0,
KATA CARIN MEN MALISTA, 'EA=N DE TISIN 'ELLEIPWSIN CARITE$, 'H=
PLEIOU$ 'EPIGONOI GIGNWNTAI QHLEI$ 'H= TINE$ 'ARRENE$ "EKASTWN,
'H=-KAI 'TOUNANTION "OTAN 'ELATTOU$ 'WSIN, PAIDWN 'AFORIA$ GENOMENH$,
<P 740D>
PANTWN TOUTWN 'ARCHN "HN 'AN4 QWMEQA MEGISTHN KAI
TIMIWTATHN, "AU=TH SKEYAMENH TI= CRH CRHSQAI TOI$ PERIGENOMENOI$
'H= TOI$ 'ELLEIPOUSI4, PORIZETW MHCANHN "OTI2 MALISTA
"OPW$ "AI PENTAKISCILIAI KAI TETTARAKONTA 'OIKHSEI$ 'AEI MONON
'ESONTAI. MHCANAI D' 'EISIN POLLAI; KAI-GAR 'EPISCESEI$
GENESEW$ "OI$ 'AN4 'EUROU$ 'HI GENESI$, KAI 'TOUNANTION 'EPIMELEIAI
KAI SPOUDAI PLHQOU$ GENNHMATWN 'EISIN TIMAI$ TE-KAI
'ATIMIAI$ KAI NOUQETHSESI PRESBUTWN PERI= NEOU$ DIA= LOGWN
<P 740E>
NOUQETHTIKWN 'APANTWSAI "AI=74 DUNANTAI POIEIN "O= LEGOMEN. KAI-DH-KAI
TO GE TELO$, 'AN2 PASA 'APORIA PERI= THN 'ANISWSIN TWN
PENTAKISCILIWN KAI TETTARAKONTA 'OIKWN GIGNHTAI, 'EPICUSI$
DE "UPERBALLOUSA "HMIN POLITWN DIA= FILOFROSUNHN THN TWN
SUNOIKOUNTWN0 'ALLHLOI$ SUMBAINHI5 KAI 'APORWMEN, TO PALAION
POU "UPARCEI0 MHCANHMA, "O= POLLAKI$ 'EIPOMEN, 'EKPOMPH
'APOIKIWN, FILH GIGNOMENH PARA FILWN, "WN 'AN4 'EPITHDEION
'EINAI DOKHI5. 'EA=N T' 'AU KAI 'TOUNANTION 'EPELQHI6 POTE KUMA


<P 741A>
KATAKLUSMON FERON NOSWN, 'H= POLEMWN FQORA, 'ELATTOU$ DE
POLU TOU* TETAGMENOU 'ARIQMOU DI' 'ORFANIA$ GENWNTAI, "EKONTA$
MEN 'OU DEI POLITA$ PAREMBALLEIN NOQHI PAIDEIA\ PEPAIDEUMENOU$,
'ANAGKHN1 DE1-'OUDE9 QEO$1 'EINAI LEGETAI DUNATO$
BIAZESQAI.
TAUT' 'OUN-DH TON NU*N LEGOMENON LOGON "HMIN FWMEN
PARAINEIN LEGONTA; 'W* PANTWN 'ANDRWN 'ARISTOI, THN "OMOIOTHTA
KAI 'ISOTHTA KAI TO 'TAUTON KAI "OMOLOGOUMENON TIMWNTE$
KATA FUSIN MH 'ANIETE3 KATA TE 'ARIQMON KAI PASAN DUNAMIN
<P 741B>
THN TWN KALWN 'KAGAQWN PRAGMATWN; KAI-DH-KAI NU*N TON
'ARIQMON MEN PRWTON DIA= BIOU PANTO$ FULAXATE TON 'EIRHMENON,
'EITA TO TH$ 'OUSIA$ "UYO$ TE-KAI MEGEQO$, "O= TO PRWTON
'ENEIMASQE METRION 'ON, MH 'ATIMASHTE TW*I TE 'WNEISQAI KAI TW*I
PWLEIN PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ % 'OUTE-GAR "O NEIMA$ KLHRO$ 'WN QEO$
"UMIN SUMMACO$ 'OUTE "O NOMOQETH$ % NU*N GAR-DH PRWTON TW*I
'APEIQOUNTI NOMO$ PROSTATTEI0, PROEIPWN 'EPI TOUTOI$ KLHROUSQAI
<P 741C>
TON 'EQELONTA 'H= MH KLHROUSQAI, "W$ PRWTON MEN TH$
GH$ "IERA$ 'OUSH$ TWN PANTWN QEWN, 'EITA "IEREWN TE-KAI
"IEREIWN 'EUCA$ POIHSOMENWN 'EPI TOI$ PRWTOI$ QUMASI KAI
DEUTEROI$ KAI MECRI TRIWN, TON PRIAMENON 'H= 'APODOMENON
"WN 'ELACEN 'OIKOPEDWN 'H= GHPEDWN TA 'EPI TOUTOI$ PREPONTA
PASCEIN PAQH; GRAYANTE$ DE 'EN TOI$ "IEROI$ QHSOUSI2 KUPARITTINA$
MNHMA$ 'EI$ TON 'EPEITA CRONON KATAGEGRAMMENA$,
PRO$ TOUTOI$ D' 'ETI FULAKTHRIA TOUTWN, "OPW$ 'AN4 GIGNHTAI,
<P 741D>
KATASTHSOUSIN2 'EN TAUTHI TWN 'ARCWN "HTI$ 'AN4 'OXUTATON "ORAN
DOKHI5, "INA "AI PARA TAUTA "EKASTOTE PARAGWGAI GIGNOMENAI MH
LANQANWSIN 'AUTOU$, 'ALLA= KOLAZWSI TON 'APEIQOUNTA "AMA NOMWI
KAI TW*I QEWI. "OSON GAR-DH TO NU*N 'EPITATTOMENON 'AGAQON
'ON TUGCANEI0 PASAI$ TAI$ PEIQOMENAI$ POLESI, THN "EPOMENHN
KATASKEUHN PROSLABON, KATA THN PALAIAN PAROIMIAN 'OUDEI$
'EISETAI POTE KAKO$ 'WN 'ALL' 'EMPEIRO$ TE-KAI 'EPIEIKH$ 'EQESI
<P 741E>
GENOMENO$; CRHMATISMO$ GAR-'OUT' 'ENESTIN SFO=DRA 'EN THI
TOIAUTHI KATASKEUHI, SUNEPETAI TE 'AUTHI MHDE DEIN MHD' 'EXEINAI
CRHMATIZESQAI TWN 'ANELEUQERWN CRHMATISMWN MHDENI MHDENA,
KAQ' "OSON 'EPONEIDISTO$ LEGOMENH BANAUSIA 'HQO$ 'APOTREPEI0
'ELEUQERON, MHDE TO PARAPAN 'AXIOUN0 'EK TWN TOIOUTWN
SULLEGEIN CRHMATA.
PRO$ TOUTOI$ D' 'ETI NOMO$ "EPETAI PASI TOUTOI$, MHD'


<P 742A>
'EXEINAI CRUSON MHDE 'ARGURON KEKTHSQAI MHDENA MHDENI
'IDIWTHI, NOMISMA DE "ENEKA 'ALLAGH$ TH$ KAQ' "HMERAN, "HN
DHMIOURGOI$ TE 'ALLATTESQAI SCEDON 'ANAGKAION, KAI PASIN
"OPOSWN CREIA TWN TOIOUTWN MISQOU$ MISQWTOI$, DOULOI$ KAI
'EPOIKOI$, 'APOTINEIN. "WN "ENEKA FAMEN TO NOMISMA KTHTEON
'AUTOI$ MEN 'ENTIMON, TOI$ DE 'ALLOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ 'ADOKIMON;
KOINON DE "ELLHNIKON NOMISMA "ENEKA TE STRATEIWN KAI 'APODHMIWN
'EI$ TOU$ 'ALLOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$, "OION PRESBEIWN 'H=-KAI
<P 742B>
TINO$ 'ANAGKAIA$ 'ALLH$ THI POLEI KHRUKEIA$, 'EKPEMPEIN TINA
'AN2 DEHI5, TOUTWN CARIN 'ANAGKH "EKASTOTE KEKTHSQAI THI POLEI
NOMISMA "ELLHNIKON. 'IDIWTHI DE 'AN2 'A=RA POTE 'ANAGKH TI$
GIGNHTAI 'APODHMEIN, PAREMENO$ MEN TOU$ 'ARCONTA$ 'APODHMEITW,
NOMISMA DE 'AN2 POQEN 'ECWN XENIKON 'OIKADE 'AFIKHTAI
PERIGENOMENON, THI POLEI 'AUTO KATABALLETW PRO$ LOGON
'APOLAMBANWN TO 'EPICWRION; 'IDIOUMENO$ DE 'AN2 TI$ FAINHTAI,
DHMOSION TE GIGNESQW KAI "O SUNEIDW$ KAI MH FRAZWN 'ARA*I
KAI 'ONEIDEI META TOU* 'AGAGONTO$ 'ENOCO$ 'ESTW, KAI ZHMIA\
<P 742C>
PRO$ TOUTOI$ MH 'ELATTONI TOU* XENIKOU KOMISQENTO$ NOMISMATO$.
GAMOUNTA DE-KAI 'EKDIDONTA MHT'-'OUN DIDONAI MHTE
DECESQAI PROIKA TO PARAPAN MHD' "HNTINOUN, MHDE NOMISMA
PARAKATATIQESQAI "OTWI MH TI$ PISTEUEI0, MHDE DANEIZEIN 'EPI
TOKWI, "W$ 'EXON MH 'APODIDONAI TO PARAPAN TW*I DANEISAMENWI
MHTE TOKON MHTE KEFALAION; TAUTA D' "OTI4 BELTIST' 'ESTIN
POLEI 'EPITHDEUMATA 'EPITHDEUEIN, "WDE 'AN4 TI$ SKOPWN 'ORQW$
<P 742D>
'AN4 'AUTA DIAKRINOI0, 'EPANAFERWN 'EI$ THN 'ARCHN 'AEI KAI THN
BOULHSIN. 'ESTIN DH TOU* NOUN 'ECONTO$ POLITIKOU BOULHSI$,
FAMEN, 'OUC "HNPER 'AN4 "OI POLLOI FAIEN, DEIN BOULESQAI TON
'AGAQON NOMOQETHN "W$ MEGISTHN TE 'EINAI THN POLIN "HI NOWN
'EU NOMOQETOI, KAI "OTI2 MALISTA PLOUSIAN, KEKTHMENHN D' 'AU
CRUSEIA KAI 'ARGUREIA, KAI KATA GHN KAI KATA QALATTAN
'ARCOUSAN "OTI2 PLEISTWN; PROSQEIEN D' 'AN4 KAI "W$ 'ARISTHN
DEIN BOULESQAI THN POLIN 'EINAI KAI "W$ 'EUDAIMONESTATHN
<P 742E>
TON GE 'ORQW$ NOMOQETOUNTA. TOUTWN DE TA MEN DUNATA
'ESTIN GIGNESQAI, TA D' 'OU DUNATA; TA MEN-'OUN DUNATA BOULOIT'
'AN4 "O DIAKOSMWN, TA DE MH DUNATA 'OUT' 'AN4 BOULOITO
MATAIA$ BOULHSEI$ 'OUT' 'AN4 'EPICEIROI. SCEDON MEN-GAR
'EUDAIMONA$ "AMA KAI 'AGAQOU$ 'ANAGKH GIGNESQAI % TOUTO MEN-'OUN
BOULOIT' 'AN4 % PLOUSIOU$ D' 'AU SFO=DRA KAI 'AGAQOU$
'ADUNATON, "OU$ GE-DH PLOUSIOU$ "OI POLLOI KATALEGOUSI0;
LEGOUSIN0 DE TOU$ KEKTHMENOU$ 'EN 'OLIGOI$ TWN 'ANQRWPWN
PLEISTOU NOMISMATO$ 'A=XIA KTHMATA, "A KAI KAKO$ TI$ KEKTHIT'


<P 743A>
'AN4. 'EI D' 'ESTIN TOUTO "OUTW$ 'ECON, 'OUK 'AN4 'EGWGE 'AUTOI$
POTE SUGCWROIHN TON PLOUSION 'EUDAIMONA THI 'ALHQEIA\ GIGNESQAI
MH KAI 'AGAQON 'ONTA; 'AGAQON DE 'ONTA DIAFORW$ KAI
PLOUSION 'EINAI DIAFERONTW$ 'ADUNATON. TI= DH: FAIH TI$
'AN4 'ISW$. "OTI4, FAIMEN 'AN4, "H TE 'EK DIKAIOU KAI 'ADIKOU KTHSI$
PLEON 'H= DIPLASI=A 'ESTIN TH$ 'EK TOU* DIKAIOU MONON, TA TE
'ANALWMATA MHTE KALW$ MHTE 'AISCRW$ 'EQELONTA 'ANALISKESQAI
TWN KALWN KAI 'EI$ KALA 'EQELONTWN0 DAPANASQAI DIPLASIWI
<P 743B>
'ELATTONA; 'OU=KOUN POTE 'AN4 TWN 'EK DIPLASIWN MEN KTHMATWN,
"HMISEWN DE 'ANALWMATWN "O TA 'ENANTIA TOUTWN PRATTWN
GENOIT' 'AN4 PLOUSIWTERO$. 'ESTIN DE "O MEN 'AGAQO$ TOUTWN,
"O DE 'OU KAKO$ "OTAN 'HI FEIDWLO$, TOTE= DE POTE KAI PAGKAKO$,
'AGAQO$ DE, "OPER 'EIRHTAI TA NU*N, 'OUDEPOTE. "O MEN-GAR DIKAIW$
KAI 'ADIKW$ LAMBANWN KAI-MHTE DIKAIW$ MHTE 'ADIKW$
'ANALISKWN PLOUSIO$, "OTAN KAI FEIDWLO$ 'HI, "O DE PAGKAKO$,
"W$ TA POLLA 'WN 'ASWTO$, MALA PENH$; "O DE 'ANALISKWN TE
<P 743C>
'EI$ TA KALA KAI KTWMENO$ 'EK TWN DIKAIWN MONON 'OUT' 'AN4
DIAFERWN PLOUTWI "RA\DIW$ 'AN4 POTE GENOITO 'OUD' 'AU SFO=DRA
PENH$. "WSTE "O LOGO$ "HMIN 'ORQO$, "W$ 'OUK 'EISIN "OI PAMPLOUSIOI
'AGAQOI; 'EI DE MH 'AGAQOI, 'OUDE 'EUDAIMONE$.
"HMIN DE "H TWN NOMWN "UPOQESI$ 'ENTAUQA 'EBLEPEN, "OPW$
"W$ 'EUDAIMONESTATOI 'ESONTAI KAI "OTI2 MALISTA 'ALLHLOI$ FILOI;
'EIEN DE 'OUK 'AN4 POTE POLITAI FILOI, "OPOU POLLAI MEN DIKAI
<P 743D>
'EN 'ALLHLOI$ 'EIEN, POLLAI DE 'ADIKIAI, 'ALL' "OPOU "W$ "OTI2
SMIKROTATAI KAI 'OLIGISTAI. LEGOMEN DH-MHTE CRUSON DEIN
MHTE 'ARGURON 'EN THI POLEI, MHTE 'AU CRHMATISMON POLUN DIA=
BANAUSIA$ KAI TOKWN MHDE BOSKHMATWN 'AISCRWN, 'ALL' "OSA
GEWRGIA DIDWSI KAI FEREI0, KAI TOUTWN "OPOSA MH CRHMATIZOMENON
'ANAGKASEIEN 'AMELEIN "WN "ENEKA PEFUKE0 TA CRHMATA;
TAUTA D' 'ESTI YUCH KAI SWMA, "A CWRI$ GUMNASTIKH$ KAI
<P 743E>
TH$ 'ALLH$ PAIDEIA$ 'OUK 'AN4 POTE GENOITO 'A=XIA LOGOU. DIO
DH CRHMATWN 'EPIMELEIAN 'OUC "APAX 'EIRHKAMEN "W$ CRH TELEUTAION
TIMAN; 'ONTWN0 GAR TRIWN TWN "APANTWN PERI= "A PA$
'ANQRWPO$ SPOUDAZEI0, TELEUTAION KAI TRITON 'ESTIN "H TWN
CRHMATWN 'ORQW$ SPOUDAZOMENH SPOUDH, SWMATO$ DE PE=RI
MESH, PRWTH DE "H TH$ YUCH$. KAI-DH-KAI NU*N "HN DIEXERCOMEQA
POLITEIAN, 'EI MEN TA$ TIMA$ "OUTW TATTETAI, 'ORQW$
NENOMOQETHTAI; 'EI DE TI$ TWN PROSTATTOMENWN 'AUTOQI NOMWN


<P 744A>
SWFROSUNH$ 'EMPROSQEN "UGIEIAN 'EN THI POLEI FANEITAI POIW*N
TIMIAN, 'H= PLOUTON "UGIEIA$ KAI TOU* SWFRONEIN, 'OUK 'ORQW$
'ANAFANEITAI TIQEMENO$. TOUT' 'OUN-DH POLLAKI$ 'EPISHMAINESQAI
CRH TON NOMOQETHN % TI= TE BOULOMAI: KAI 'EI MOI
SUMBAINEI0 TOUTO 'H=-KAI 'APOTUGCANW0 TOU* SKOPOU: KAI "OUTW
TAC' 'AN4 'ISW$ 'EK TH$ NOMOQESIA$ 'AUTO$ TE 'EKBAINOI KAI TOU$
'ALLOU$ 'APALLATTOI, KAT' 'ALLON DE TROPON 'OUD' 'AN4 "ENA POTE.
"O DH LACWN KEKTHSQW, FAMEN, TON KLHRON 'EPI TOUTOI$
<P 744B>
"OI$ 'EIRHKAMEN. 'H*N MEN-DH KALON KAI 'TALLA 'ISA PANT'
'ECONTA "ENA "EKASTON 'ELQEIN 'EI$ THN 'APOIKIAN; 'EPEIDH DE 'OU
DUNATON, 'ALL' "O MEN TI$ PLEIW KEKTHMENO$ 'AFIXETAI CRHMATA,
"O D' 'ELATTONA, DEI DH POLLWN "ENEKA, TWN TE KATA
POLIN KAIRWN 'ISOTHTO$ "ENEKA, TIMHMATA 'ANISA GENESQAI, "INA
'ARCAI TE-KAI 'EISFORAI KAI DIANOMAI, THN TH$ 'AXIA$ "EKASTOI$
TIMHN MH KAT' 'ARETHN MONON THN TE PROGONWN KAI THN "AUTOU,
<P 744C>
MHDE KATA SWMATWN 'ISCU$ KAI 'EUMORFIA$, 'ALLA=-KAI KATA
PLOUTOU CRHSIN KAI PENIAN, TA$ TIMA$ TE-KAI 'ARCA$ "W$
'ISAITATA TW*I 'ANISWI SUMMETRWI DE 'APOLAMBANONTE$ MH DIAFERWNTAI.
TOUTWN CARIN TETTARA MEGEQEI TH$ 'OUSIA$ TIMHMATA
POIEISQAI CREWN, PRWTOU$ KAI DEUTEROU$ KAI TRITOU$
KAI TETARTOU$, 'H= TISIN 'ALLOI$ PROSAGOREUOMENOU$ 'ONOMASIN,
"OTAN TE MENWSIN 'EN TW*I 'AUTWI TIMHMATI KAI "OTAN PLOUSIWTEROI
'EK PENHTWN KAI 'EK PLOUSIWN PENHTE$ GIGNOMENOI
<P 744D>
METABAINWSIN 'EI$ TO PROSHKON0 "EKASTOI "EAUTOISIN TIMHMA.
TODE D' 'EPI TOUTOI$ 'AU NOMOU SCHMA 'EGWGE 'AN4 TIQEIHN "W$
"EPOMENON. DEI GAR 'EN POLEI POU, FAMEN, THI TOU* MEGISTOU
NOSHMATO$ 'OU MEQEXOUSHI, "O= DIASTASIN 'H= STASIN 'ORQOTERON
'AN4 'EIH KEKLHSQAI, MHTE PENIAN THN CALEPHN 'ENEINAI PARA
TISIN TWN POLITWN MHTE 'AU PLOUTON, "W$ 'AMFOTERWN TIKTONTWN0
TAUTA 'AMFO=TERA; NU*N 'OUN "ORON DEI TOUTWN "EKATEROU
TON NOMOQETHN FRAZEIN. 'ESTW DH PENIA$ MEN "ORO$ "H TOU*
<P 744E>
KLHROU TIMH, "ON DEI MENEIN0 KAI "ON 'ARCWN 'OUDEI$ 'OUDENI POTE
PERIOYETAI 'ELATTW GIGNOMENON, TWN TE 'ALLWN KATA 'TAUTA
'OUDEI$ "OSTI$ FILOTIMO$ 'EP' 'ARETHI. METRON DE 'AUTON QEMENO$
"O NOMOQETH$ DIPLASION 'EASEI2 TOUTOU KTASQAI KAI TRIPLASION
KAI MECRI TETRAPLASIOU; PLEIONA D' 'AN2 TI$ KTATAI2 TOUTWN,
"EURWN 'H= DOQENTWN5 POQEN 'H= CRHMATISAMENO$, 'H= TINI TUCHI


<P 745A>
TOIAUTHI KTHSAMENO$ 'ALLHI TA PERIGIGNOMENA TOU* METROU, THI
POLEI 'AN4 'AUTA KAI TOI$ THN POLIN 'ECOUSIN4 QEOI$ 'APONEMWN0
'EUDOKIMO$ TE-KAI 'AZHMIO$ 'AN4 'EIH; 'EA=N DE TI$ 'APEIQHI5 TOUTWI
TW*I NOMWI, FANEI2 MEN "O BOULOMENO$ 'EPI TOI$ "HMISESIN, "O DE
'OFLWN 'ALLO TOSOUTON MERO$ 'APOTEISEI2 TH$ "AUTOU KTHSEW$,
TA D' "HMISEA TWN QEWN. "H DE KTHSI$ CWRI$ TOU* KLHROU
PANTWN PASA 'EN TW*I FANERWI GEGRAFQW PARA FULAXIN
'ARCOUSIN4, "OI$ 'AN4 "O NOMO$ PROSTAXHI6, "OPW$ 'AN4 "AI DIKAI
<P 745B>
PERI= PANTWN, "OSAI 'EI$ CRHMATA, "RA\DIAI TE 'WSI KAI SFO=DRA
SAFEI$.
TO DH META TOUTO PRWTON MEN THN POLIN "IDRUSQAI DEI
TH$ CWRA$ "OTI2 MALISTA 'EN MESWI, KAI 'TALLA "OSA PROSFORA
POLEI TWN "UPARCONTWN0 'ECONTA TOPON 'EKLEXAMENON, "A NOHSAI0
TE-KAI 'EIPEIN 'OUDEN CALEPON; META DE TAUTA MERH DWDEKA
DIELESQAI, QEMENON "ESTIA$ PRWTON KAI DIO$ KAI 'AQHNA$
"IERON, 'AKROPOLIN 'ONOMAZONTA, KUKLON PERIBALLONTA, 'AF'
<P 745C>
"OU2 TA DWDEKA MERH TEMNEIN THN TE POLIN 'AUTHN KAI PASAN
THN CWRAN. 'ISA DE DEI GIGNESQAI TA DWDEKA MERH TW*I TA
MEN 'AGAQH$ GH$ 'EINAI SMIKRA, TA DE CEIRONO$ MEIZW. KLHROU$
DE DIELEIN TETTARAKONTA KAI PENTAKISCILIOU$, TOUTWN
TE 'AU DICA TEMEIN2 "EKASTON KAI SUGKLHRWSAI0 DUO TMHMATA,
TOU* TE 'EGGU$ KAI TOU* PORRW METECONTA "EKATERON; TO PRO$
THI POLEI MERO$ TW*I PRO$ TOI$ 'ESCATOI$ "EI$ KLHRO$, KAI TO
<P 745D>
DEUTERON 'APO POLEW$ TW*I 'AP' 'ESCATWN DEUTERWI, KAI 'TALLA
"OUTW$ PANTA. MHCANASQAI DE-KAI 'EN TOI$ DICA TMHMASI TO
NUNDH LEGOMENON FAULOTHTO$ TE-KAI 'ARETH$ CWRA$, 'EPANISOUMENOU$
TW*I PLHQEI TE-KAI 'OLIGOTHTI TH$ DIANOMH$.
NEIMASQAI DE-DH-KAI TOU$ 'ANDRA$ DWDEKA MERH, THN TH$
'ALLH$ 'OUSIA$ 'EI$ 'ISA "OTI2 MALISTA TA DWDEKA MERH SUNTAXAMENON,
'APOGRAFH$ PANTWN GENOMENH$; KAI-DH-KAI META TOUTO
DWDEKA QEOI$ DWDEKA KLHROU$ QENTA$, 'EPONOMASAI0 KAI KAQIERWSAI0
<P 745E>
TO LACON MERO$ "EKASTWI TW*I QEWI, KAI FULHN 'AUTHN
'EPONOMASAI0. TEMNEIN D' 'AU KAI TA DWDEKA TH$ POLEW$ TMHMATA
TON 'AUTON TROPON "ONPER KAI THN 'ALLHN CWRAN DIENEMON;
KAI DUO NEMESQAI "EKASTON 'OIKHSEI$, THN TE 'EGGU$
TOU* MESOU KAI THN TWN 'ESCATWN. KAI THN MEN KATOIKISIN
"OUTW TELO$ 'ECEIN.
'ENNOEIN DE "HMA$ TO TOIONDE 'ESTIN CREWN 'EK PANTO$ TROPOU,
"W$ TA NU*N 'EIRHMENA PANTA 'OUK 'AN4 POTE 'EI$ TOIOUTOU$
KAIROU$ SUMPESOI, "WSTE SUMBHNAI0 KATA LOGON "OUTW SUMPANTA


<P 746A>
GENOMENA, 'ANDRA$ TE "OI=4 MH DUSCERANOUSI2 THN TOIAUTHN
SUNOIKIAN, 'ALL' "UPOMENOUSIN2 CRHMATA TE 'ECONTE$ TAKTA KAI
ME=TRIA DIA= BIOU PANTO$ KAI PAIDWN GENESEI$ "A$ 'EIRHKAMEN
"EKASTOI$, KAI CRUSOU STEROMENOI KAI "ETERWN "WN DHLO$ "O
NOMOQETH$ PROSTAXWN 'ESTIN 'EK TOUTWN TWN NU*N 'EIRHMENWN,
'ETI DE CWRA$ TE-KAI 'ASTEO$, "W$ 'EIRHKEN0, MESOTHTA$ TE-KAI
'EN KUKLWI 'OIKHSEI$ PANTHI, SCEDON "OION 'ONEIRATA LEGWN, 'H=
PLATTWN KAQAPER 'EK KHROU TINA POLIN KAI POLITA$. 'ECEI0
<P 746B>
DH TA TOIAUTA 'OU KAKW$ TINA TROPON 'EIRHMENA, CRH D' 'EPANALAMBANEIN
PRO$ "AUTON TA TOIADE. PALIN 'A=RA "HMIN "O
NOMOQETWN FRAZEI0 TODE; 'EN TOUTOI$ TOI$ LOGOI$, 'W* FILOI,
MHD' 'AUTON DOKEITE3 ME LELHQENAI TO NU*N LEGOMENON "W$
'ALHQH DIEXERCETAI TINA TROPON. 'ALLA=-GAR 'EN "EKASTOI$ TWN
MELLONTWN0 'ESESQAI DIKAIOTATON 'OIMAI TODE 'EINAI, TON TO
PARADEIGMA DEIKNUNTA, "OION DEI TO 'EPICEIROUMENON GIGNESQAI,
MHDEN 'APOLEIPEIN TWN KALLISTWN TE-KAI 'ALHQESTATWN, "WI DE
<P 746C>
'ADUNATON TI SUMBAINEI0 TOUTWN GIGNESQAI, TOUTO MEN 'AUTO
'EKKLINEIN0 KAI MH PRATTEIN, "OTI2 DE TOUTOU TWN LOIPWN
'EGGUTATA 'ESTIN KAI SUGGENESTATON 'EFU TWN PROSHKONTWN0
PRATTEIN, TOUT' 'AUTO DIAMHCANASQAI "OPW$ 'AN4 GIGNHTAI, TON
NOMOQETHN D' 'EASAI0 TELO$ 'EPIQEINAI0 THI BOULHSEI, GENOMENOU
DE TOUTOU, TO=T' 'HDH KOINHI MET' 'EKEINOU SKOPEIN "OTI2 TE SUMFEREI0
TWN 'EIRHMENWN KAI TI= PROSANTE$ 'EIRHTAI TH$ NOMOQESIA$;
TO GAR "OMOLOGOUMENON 'AUTO "AUTWI DEI POU PANTACHI
<P 746D>
'APERGAZESQAI KAI TON TOU* FAULOTATOU DHMIOURGON 'AXION
'ESOMENON LOGOU.
NU*N DH TOUT' 'AUTO PROQUMHTEON 'IDEIN META THN DOXAN TH$
TWN DWDEKA MERWN DIANOMH$, TO TI=NA TROPON DHLON DH TA
DWDEKA MERH, TWN 'ENTO$ 'AUTOU42 PLEISTA$ 'ECONTA DIANOMA$,
KAI TA TOUTOI$ SUNEPOMENA KAI 'EK TOUTWN GENNWMENA, MECRI
TWN TETTARAKONTA TE-KAI PENTAKISCILIWN % "OQEN FRATRIA$ KAI
DHMOU$ KAI KWMA$, KAI PRO$ GE TA$ POLEMIKA$ TAXEI$ TE-KAI
<P 746E>
'AGWGA$, KAI 'ETI NOMISMATA KAI METRA XHRA TE-KAI "UGRA
KAI STAQMA % PANTA TAUTA 'EMMETRA TE-KAI 'ALLHLOI$ SUMFWNA
DEI TON GE NOMON TATTEIN. PRO$ DE TOUTOI$ 'OUD'
'EKEINA FOBHTEA, DEISANTA THN DOXASAN 'AN4 GIGNESQAI SMIKROLOGIAN,
'AN2 TI$ PROSTATTHI5 PANTA "OPOS' 'AN4 SKEUH KTWNTAI2,
MHDEN 'AMETRON 'AUTWN 'EA*N 'EINAI, KAI KOINWI LOGWI NOMISANTA


<P 747A>
PRO$ PANTA 'EINAI CRHSIMOU$ TA$ TWN 'ARIQMWN DIANOMA$ KAI
POIKILSEI$, "OSA TE 'AUTOI 'EN "EAUTOI$ POIKILLONTAI KAI "OSA
'EN MHKESI KAI 'EN BAQESI POIKILMATA, KAI-DH-KAI 'EN FQOGGOI$
KAI KINHSESI TAI$ TE KATA THN 'EUQUPORIAN TH$ 'ANW KAI KATW
FORA$ KAI TH$ KUKLWI PERIFORA$; PRO$ GAR TAUTA PANTA
DEI BLEYANTA TON GE NOMOQETHN PROSTATTEIN TOI$ POLITAI$
PASIN 'EI$ DUNAMIN TOUTWN MH 'APOLEIPESQAI TH$ SUNTAXEW$.
<P 747B>
PRO$ TE-GAR 'OIKONOMIAN KAI PRO$ POLITEIAN KAI PRO$ TA$
TECNA$ PASA$ "EN 'OUDEN "OUTW DUNAMIN 'ECEI0 PAIDEION MAQHMA
MEGALHN, "W$ "H PERI= TOU$ 'ARIQMOU$ DIATRIBH; TO DE MEGISTON,
"OTI4 TON NUSTAZONTA KAI 'AMAQH FUSEI 'EGEIREI0 KAI 'EUMAQH KAI
MNHMONA KAI 'AGCINOUN 'APERGAZETAI, PARA THN "AUTOU FUSIN
'EPIDIDONTA QEIA\ TECNHI. TAUTA DH PANTA, 'EA=N MEN 'ALLOI$
NOMOI$ TE-KAI 'EPITHDEUMASIN 'AFAIRHTAI TI$ THN 'ANELEUQERIAN
KAI FILOCRHMATIAN 'EK TWN YUCWN TWN MELLONTWN0 'AUTA
<P 747C>
"IKANW$ TE-KAI 'ONHSIMW$ KTHSESQAI, KALA TA PAIDEUMATA KAI
PROSHKONTA GIGNOIT' 'AN4; 'EI DE MH, THN KALOUMENHN0 'AN4 TI$
PANOURGIAN 'ANTI SOFIA$ 'APERGASAMENO$ LAQOI, KAQAPER
'AIGUPTIOU$ KAI FOINIKA$ KAI POLLA "E=TERA 'APEIRGASMENA
GENH NU*N 'ESTIN2 'IDEIN "UPO TH$ TWN 'ALLWN 'EPITHDEUMATWN KAI
KTHMATWN 'ANELEUQERIA$, 'EI=TE TI$ NOMOQETH$ 'AUTOI$ FAULO$
'AN4 GENOMENO$ 'EXHRGASATO TA TOIAUTA 'EI=TE CALEPH TUCH
<P 747D>
PROSPESOUSA 'EI=TE-KAI FUSI$ 'ALLH TI$ TOIAUTH. KAI-GAR,
'W* MEGILLE TE-KAI KLEINIA, MHDE TOUQ' "HMA$ LANQANETW PERI=
TOPWN "W$ 'OUK 'EISIN 'ALLOI TINE$ DIAFERONTE$ 'ALLWN TOPWN
PRO$ TO GENNAN 'ANQRWPOU$ 'AMEINOU$ KAI CEIROU$, "OI$ 'OUK
'ENANTIA NOMOQETHTEON; "OI MEN-GE-POU DIA= PNEUMATA PANTOI*A
KAI DI' "EILHSEI$ 'ALLOKOTOI TE 'EISIN KAI 'ENAISIOI 'AUTWN, "OI DE
DI' "UDATA, "OI DE-KAI DI' 'AUTHN THN 'EK TH$ GH$ TROFHN, 'ANADIDOUSAN
<P 747E>
'OU MONON TOI$ SWMASIN 'AMEINW KAI CEIRW, TAI$ DE
YUCAI$ 'OUC "HTTON DUNAMENHN PANTA TA TOIAUTA 'EMPOIEIN,
TOUTWN D' 'AU PANTWN MEGISTON DIAFEROIEN 'AN4 TOPOI CWRA$
'EN "OI$ QEI=A TI$ 'EPIPNOIA KAI DAIMONWN LHXEI$ 'EIEN, TOU$ 'AEI
KATOIKIZOMENOU$ "ILEWI DECOMENOI KAI 'TOUNANTION. "OI$ "O GE
NOUN 'ECWN NOMOQETH$, 'EPISKEYAMENO$ "W$ 'ANQRWPON "OION-T'-'ESTIN
SKOPEIN TA TOIAUTA, "OUTW PEIRWIT' 'AN4 TIQENAI TOU$ NOMOU$.
"O= DH-KAI SOI4 POIHTEON, 'W* KLEINIA; PRWTON TREPTEON
'EPI TA TOIAUTA MELLONTI GE KATOIKIZEIN CWRAN.
KL ^ 'ALL', 'W* XENE 'AQHNAIE, LEGEI$ TE PAGKALW$ 'EMOI4
TE "OUTW$ POIHTEON.


<B NOM6>


<P 751A>
AQ ^ 'ALLA=-MHN META GE PANTA TA NU*N 'EIRHMENA SCEDON
'AN4 'ARCWN 'EIEN SOI4 KATASTASEI$ THI POLEI.
KL ^ 'ECEI0 GAR-'OUN "OUTW.
AQ ^ DUO 'EIDH TAUTA PERI= POLITEIA$ KOSMON GIGNOMENA
TUGCANEI0, PRWTON MEN KATASTASEI$ 'ARCWN TE-KAI 'ARXONTWN,
"OSA$ TE 'AUTA$ 'EINAI DEI KAI TROPON "ONTINA KAQISTAMENA$;
'EPEITA "OUTW DH TOU$ NOMOU$ TAI$ 'ARCAI$ "EKASTAI$ 'APODOTEON,
<P 751B>
"OUSTINA$ TE 'AU KAI "OSOU$ KAI "OIOU$ PROSHKON0 'AN4 "EKASTAI$
'EIH. SMIKRON DE 'EPISCONTE$ PRO TH$ "AIRESEW$, 'EIPWMEN
PROSHKONTA TINA LOGON PERI= 'AUTH$ "RHQHNAI.
KL ^ TI=NA DH TOUTON:
AQ ^ TONDE. PANTI POU DHLON TO TOIOUTON, "OTI4 MEGALOU
TH$ NOMOQESIA$ 'ONTO$ 'ERGOU, TOU* POLIN 'EU PARESKEUASMENHN
'ARCA$ 'ANEPITHDEIOU$ 'EPISTHSAI0 TOI$ 'EU KEIMENOI$ NOMOI$, 'OU
MONON 'OUDEN PLEON 'EU TEQENTWN5, 'OUD' "OTI4 GELW$ 'AN4 PAMPOLU$
<P 751C>
SUMBAINOI, SCEDON DE BLABAI KAI LWBAI POLU MEGISTAI TAI$
POLESI GIGNOINT' 'AN4 'EX 'AUTWN.
KL ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ ^ TOUTO TOINUN NOHSWMEN SOI4 PERI= TH$ NU*N, 'W* FILE,
POLITEIA$ TE-KAI POLEW$ SUMBAINON. "ORA*I$0 GAR "OTI4 PRWTON
MEN DEI TOU$ 'ORQW$ 'IONTA$ 'EPI TA$ TWN 'ARCWN DUNAMEI$ BASANON
"IKANHN 'AUTOU$ TE-KAI GENO$ "EKASTWN 'EK PAIDWN MECRI
TH$ "AIRESEW$ 'EINAI-DEDWKOTA$, 'EPEITA 'AU TOU$ MELLONTA$
"AIRHSESQAI TEQRAFQAI TE8 'EN 'HQESI NOMWN 'EU PEPAIDEUMENOU$
<P 751D>
PRO$ TO DUSCERAINONTA$ TE-KAI 'APODECOMENOU$ 'ORQW$ KRINEIN0
KAI 'APOKRINEIN0 DUNATOU$ GIGNESQAI TOU$ 'AXIOU$ "EKATERWN;
TAUTA DE "OI NEWSTI SUNELHLUQOTE$ 'ONTE$ TE 'ALLHLWN 'AGNWTE$,
'ETI D' 'APAIDEUTOI, PW*$ 'AN4 POTE DUNAINTO 'AMEMPTW$
TA$ 'ARCA$ "AIREISQAI:
KL ^ SCEDON 'OUK 'AN4 POTE.
AQ ^ 'ALLA=-GAR 'AGWNA PROFASEI$ FASIN0 'OU PANU DECESQAI;
KAI-DH-KAI SOI4 TOUTO NU*N KAI 'EMOI4 POIHTEON, 'EPEIPER
<P 751E>
SU MEN-DH THN POLIN "UPESTH$ TW*I KRHTWN 'EQNEI PROQUMW$
KATOIKIEIN DEKATO$ 'AUTO$, "W$ FH=I$, TA NU*N, 'EGW D' 'AU SOI4


<P 752A>
SULLHYESQAI KATA THN PAROUSAN "HMIN TA NU*N MUQOLOGIAN.
'OU=KOUN-DHPOU LEGWN GE 'AN4 MUQON 'AKEFALON "EKWN KATALIPOIMI;
PLANWMENO$ GAR 'AN4 "APANTHI TOIOUTO$ 'WN 'AMORFO$
FAINOITO.
KL ^ 'ARIST' 'EIRHKA$, 'W* XENE.
AQ ^ 'OU MONON GE, 'ALLA=-KAI DRASW2 KATA DUNAMIN "OUTW.
KL ^ PANU MEN-'OUN POIWMEN "HIPER KAI LEGOMEN.
AQ ^ 'ESTAI TAUT', 'AN2 QEO$ 'EQELHI5 KAI GHRW$ 'EPIKRATWMEN
TO GE TOSOUTON.
<P 752B>
KL ^ 'ALL' 'EIKO$ 'EQELEIN.
AQ ^ 'EIKO$ GAR-'OUN. "EPOMENOI DE 'AUTWI LABWMEN KAI
TODE.
KL ^ TO POI*ON:
AQ ^ "W$ 'ANDREIW$ KAI PARAKEKINDUNEUMENW$ 'EN TW*I NU*N
"H POLI$ "HMIN 'ESTAI-KATWIKISMENH.
KL ^ PERI= TI= BLEPWN KAI POI* MALISTA 'AUTO 'EIRHKA$ TA
NU*N:
AQ ^ "W$ 'EUKOLW$ KAI 'AFOBW$ 'APEIROI$ 'ANDRASI NOMOQETOUMEN,
"OPW$ DEXONTAI POTE TOU$ NU*N TEQENTA$ NOMOU$.
DHLON DE TO GE TOSOUTON, 'W* KLEINIA, PANTI SCEDON KAI TW*I
<P 752C>
MH PANU SOFWI, TO MH "RA\DIW$ GE 'AUTOU$ MHDENA$ PROSDEXESQAI
KAT' 'ARCA$, 'EI DE MEINAIMEN PW$ TOSOUTON CRONON
"EW$ "OI GEUSAMENOI PAIDE$ TWN NOMWN KAI SUNTRAFENTE$
"IKANW$ SUNHQEI$ TE 'AUTOI$ GENOMENOI TWN 'ARCAIRESIWN THI
POLEI PASHI KOINWNHSEIAN; GENOMENOU GE-MHN "OU2 LEGOMEN,
'EIPER TINI TROPWI KAI MHCANHI GIGNOITO 'ORQW$, POLLHN 'EGWGE
'ASFALEIAN 'OIMAI KAI META TON TO=TE PARONTA CRONON 'AN4
GENESQAI TOU* MEINAI0 THN PAIDAGWGHQEISAN "OUTW POLIN.
<P 752D>
KL ^ 'ECEI0 GOUN LOGON.
AQ ^ 'IDWMEN TOINUN PRO$ TOUTO 'EI PHI TINA PORON "IKANON
PORIZOIMEN 'AN4 KATA TADE. FHMI GAR, 'W* KLEINIA, KNWSIOU$
CRHNAI0 TWN 'ALLWN DIAFERONTW$ KRHTWN MH MONON 'AFOSIWSASQAI
PERI= TH$ CWRA$ "HN NU*N KATOIKIZETE0, SUNTONW$ D'
'EPIMELHQHNAI TA$ PRWTA$ 'ARCA$ 'EI$ DUNAMIN "OPW$ 'AN4
"ISTWSIN "W$ 'ASFALESTATA KAI 'ARISTA. TA$ MEN-'OUN 'ALLA$
<P 752E>
KAI BRACUTERON 'ERGON, NOMOFULAKA$ D' "HMIN PRWTOU$ "AIREISQAI
'ANAGKAIOTATON "APASHI SPOUDHI.
KL ^ TI=NA 'OUN 'EPI TOUTWI PORON KAI LOGON 'ANEURISKOMEN:
AQ ^ TONDE. FHMI, 'W* PAIDE$ KRHTWN, CRHNAI0 KNWSIOU$,
DIA= TO PRESBEUEIN TWN POLLWN POLEWN, KOINHI META TWN
'AFIKOMENWN 'EI$ THN SUNOIKHSIN TAUTHN 'EX "AUTWN TE-KAI
'EKEINWN "AIREISQAI TRIAKONTA MEN-KAI "EPTA TOU$ PANTA$,
'ENNEA DE-KAI DEKA 'EK TWN 'EPOIKHSANTWN0, TOU$ DE 'ALLOU$


<P 753A>
'EX 'AUTH$ KNWSOU; TOUTOU$ D' "OI KNWSIOI THI POLEI SOI4
DONTWN4, KAI 'AUTON SE POLITHN 'EINAI TAUTH$ TH$ 'APOIKIA$
KAI "ENA TWN 'OKTWKAIDEKA, PEISANTE$ 'H= THI METRIA\ DUNAMEI
BIASAMENOI.
KL ^ TI= DHTA-'OU-KAI SU TE-KAI "O MEGILLO$, 'W* XENE,
'EKOINWNHSATHN "HMIN TH$ POLITEIA$:
AQ ^ MEGA MEN, 'W* KLEINIA, FRONOUSIN0 "AI 'AQHNAI, MEGA
DE-KAI "H SPARTH, KAI MAKRAN 'APOIKOUSIN0 "EKATERAI; SOI4 DE
KATA PANTA 'EMMELW$ 'ECEI0 KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ 'OIKISTAI$ KATA
<P 753B>
'TAUTA, "WSPER TA PERI= SOU4 NU*N LEGOMENA. "W$ MEN-'OUN GENOIT'
'AN4 'EPIEIKESTATA 'EK TWN "UPARCONTWN0 "HMIN TA NU*N, 'EIRHSQW,
PROELQONTO$ DE CRONOU KAI MEINASH$ TH$ POLITEIA$, "AIRESI$
'AUTWN 'ESTW TOIADE TI$; PANTE$ MEN KOINWNOUNTWN3 TH$ TWN
'ARCONTWN0 "AIRESEW$ "OPOSOIPER 'AN4 "OPLA "IPPIKA 'H= PEZIKA
TIQWNTAI KAI POLEMOU KEKOINWNHKWSIN 'EN TAI$ SFETERAI$
'AUTWN TH$ "HLIKIA$ DUNAMESIN; POIEISQAI DE THN "AIRESIN 'EN
<P 753C>
"IERWI "OPER 'AN4 "H POLI$ "HGHTAI TIMIWTATON, FEREIN D' 'EPI TON
TOU* QEOU BWMON "EKASTON 'EI$ PINAKION GRAYANTA 'TOUNOMA
PATROQEN KAI FULH$ KAI DHMOU "OPOQEN 'AN4 DHMOTEUHTAI,
PAREGGRAFEIN DE-KAI TO "AUTOU KATA 'TAUTA "OUTW$ 'ONOMA.
TW*I BOULOMENWI D' 'EXESTW TWN PINAKIWN "OTIPER2 'AN4 FAINHTAI
MH KATA NOUN "AUTWI GEGRAMMENON 'ANELONTA 'EI$ 'AGORAN QEINAI0
MH 'ELATTON TRIAKONTA "HMERWN. TA DE TWN PINAKIWN KRIQENTA
'EN PRWTOI$ MECRI TRIAKOSIWN DEIXAI0 TOU$ 'ARCONTA$ 'IDEIN
<P 753D>
PASHI THI POLEI, THN DE POLIN "WSAUTW$ 'EK TOUTWN FEREIN
PALIN "ON 'AN4 "EKASTO$ BOULHTAI, TOU$ DE TO DEUTERON 'EX 'AUTWN
PROKRIQENTA$ "EKATON DEIXAI0 PALIN "APASIN. TO DE TRITON
FERETW MEN 'EK TWN "EKATON "O BOULHQEI$ "ON 'AN4 BOULHTAI,
DIA= TOMIWN POREUOMENO$; "EPTA DE-KAI TRIAKONTA, "OI$ 'AN4
PLEISTAI GENWNTAI YHFOI, KRINANTE$ 'APOFHNANTWN2 'ARCONTA$.
TI=NE$ 'OUN, 'W* KLEINIA KAI MEGILLE, PANTA "HMIN TAUT' 'EN
<P 753E>
THI POLEI KATASTHSOUSI2 TWN 'ARCWN TE PE=RI KAI DOKIMASIWN
'AUTWN: 'A*RA 'ENNOOUMEN "W$ TAI$ PRWTON "OUTW KATAZEUGNUMENAI$
POLESIN 'ANAGKH MEN 'EINAI TINA$, "OITINE$ DE 'EIEN 'AN4
PRO$ PASWN TWN 'ARCWN GEGONOTE$, 'OUK 'ESTIN: DEI MHN "AMW$
GE PW$, KAI TAUTA 'OU FAULOU$ 'ALL' "OTI2 MALISTA 'AKROU$.
'ARCH GAR LEGETAI MEN "HMISU PANTO$ 'EN TAI$ PAROIMIAI$
'ERGOU, KAI TO GE KALW$ 'ARXASQAI PANTE$ 'EGKWMIAZOMEN
"EKASTOTE; TO D' 'ESTIN TE, "W$ 'EMOI4 FAINETAI, PLEON 'H= TO


<P 754A>
"HMISU, KAI 'OUDEI$ 'AUTO KALW$ GENOMENON 'EGKEKWMIAKEN0
"IKANW$.
KL ^ 'ORQOTATA LEGEI$.
AQ ^ MH-TOINUN GIGNWSKONTE$ GE PARWMEN 'AUTO 'ARRHTON,
MHDEN DIASAFHSANTE$ "HMIN-'AUTOI$ TI=NA 'ESTAI TROPON. 'EGW
MEN-'OUN 'OUDAMW$ 'EUPORW0 PLHN GE "ENO$ 'EIPEIN PRO$ TO PARON
'ANAGKAIOU KAI SUMFERONTO$ LOGOU.
KL ^ TI=NO$ DH:
AQ ^ FHMI TAUTHI THI POLEI, "HN 'OIKIZEIN MELLOMEN, "OION
PATERA KAI MHTERA 'OUK 'EINAI PLHN THN KATOIKIZOUSAN 'AUTHN
<P 754B>
POLIN, 'OUK 'AGNOWN "OTI4 POLLAI TWN KATOIKISQEISWN DIAFOROI
TAI$ KATOIKISASAI$ POLLAKI$ 'ENIAI GEGONASIN TE-KAI 'ESONTAI.
NU*N MHN 'EN TW*I PARONTI, KAQAPER PAI$, 'EI KAI POTE MELLEI0
DIAFORO$ 'EINAI TOI$ GENNHSASIN, 'EN GE THI PAROUSHI PAIDIA$
'APORIA\ STERGEI0 TE-KAI STERGETAI "UPO TWN GENNHSANTWN0, KAI
FEUGWN 'AEI PRO$ TOU$ 'OIKEIOU$, 'ANAGKAIOU$ MONOU$ "EURISKEI0
SUMMACOU$; "A DH NU*N FHMI KNWSIOI$ DIA= THN 'EPIMELEIAN
<P 754C>
PRO$ THN NEAN POLIN KAI THI NEA\ PRO$ KNWSON "UPARCEIN
"ETOIMW$ GEGONOTA. LEGW0 DH, KAQAPER 'EIPON NUNDH % DI$ GAR
TO GE KALON "RHQEN 'OUDEN BLAPTEI0 % KNWSIOU$ DEIN 'EPIMELHQHNAI
PANTWN TOUTWN KOINHI, PROSELOMENOU$ TWN 'EI$ THN
'APOIKIAN 'AFIKOMENWN, TOU$ PRESBUTATOU$ TE-KAI 'ARISTOU$
'EI$ DUNAMIN "ELOMENOU$, MH 'ELATTON "EKATON 'ANDRWN; KAI 'AUTWN
KNWSIWN 'ESTWSAN "EKATON "ETEROI. TOUTOU$ DE 'ELQONTA$ FHMI
DEIN 'EI$ THN KAINHN POLIN SUNEPIMELHQHNAI "OPW$ "AI TE 'ARCAI
<P 754D>
KATASTWSIN KATA NOMOU$, KATASTASAI TE DOKIMASQWSI; GENOMENWN
DE TOUTWN, THN MEN KNWSON TOU$ KNWSIOU$ 'OIKEIN,
THN DE NEAN POLIN 'AUTHN "AUTHN PEIRASQAI SWIZEIN TE-KAI
'EUTUCEIN. "OI DE-DH GENOMENOI TWN "EPTA KAI TRIAKONTA NU*N
TE-KAI 'EI$ TON 'EPEITA SUMPANTA CRONON 'EPI TOISDE "HMIN "HIRHSQWSAN;
PRWTON MEN FULAKE$ 'ESTWSAN TWN NOMWN, 'EPEITA
TWN GRAMMATWN "WN 'AN4 "EKASTO$ 'APOGRAYHI6 TOI$ 'ARCOUSI4 TO
PLHQO$ TH$ "AUTWN 'OUSIA$, PLHN "O MEN MEGISTON TIMHMA
<P 754E>
'ECWN TETTARWN MNWN, "O DE TO DEUTERON TRIWN, "O DE TRITO$
DUOIN MNAIN, MNA$ DE "O TETARTO$. 'EA=N DE TI$ "ETERON FAINHTAI
TI PARA TA GEGRAMMENA KEKTHMENO$, DHMOSION MEN
'ESTW TO TOIOUTON "APAN, PRO$ TOUTWI DE DIKHN "UPECETW TW*I
BOULOMENWI METIENAI MH KALHN MHD' 'EUWNUMON 'ALL' 'AISCRAN,
'EA=N "ALISKHTAI DIA= TO KERDO$ TWN NOMWN KATAFRONWN. 'AISCROKERDEIA$
'OUN 'AUTON GRAYAMENO$ "O BOULHQEI$ 'EPEXITW
THI DIKHI 'EN 'AUTOI$ TOI$ NOMOFULAXIN; 'EA=N D' "O FEUGWN 'OFLHI6,


<P 755A>
TWN KOINWN KTHMATWN MH METECETW, DIANOMH DE "OTAN THI
POLEI GIGNHTAI TI$, 'AMOIRO$ 'ESTW PLHN GE TOU* KLHROU,
GEGRAFQW DE 'WFLHKW$, "EW$ 'AN4 ZHI2, "OPOU PA$ "O BOULOMENO$
'AUTA 'ANAGNWSETAI. MH PLEON DE 'EIKOSIN 'ETWN NOMOFULAX
'ARCETW, FERESQW D' 'EI$ THN 'ARCHN MH 'ELATTON 'H= PENTHKONTA
GEGONW$ 'ETWN; "EXHKONTOUTH$ DE 'ENECQEI$ DEKA MONON
'ARCETW 'ETH, KAI KATA TOUTON TON LOGON, "OPW$ 'AN4 TI$ PLEON
<P 755B>
"UPERBA$ "EBDOMHKONTA ZHI2, MHKETI 'EN TOUTOI$ TOI$ 'ARCOUSI4
THN THLIKAUTHN 'ARCHN "W$ 'ARXWN DIANOHQHTW.
TA MEN-'OUN PERI= TWN NOMOFULAKWN TAUTA 'EIRHSQW PROSTAGMATA
TRIA, PROIONTWN0 DE 'EI$ 'TOUMPROSQE TWN NOMWN
"EKASTO$ PROSTAXEI2 TOUTOI$ TOI$ 'ANDRASIN "WNTINWN 'AUTOU$
DEI PRO$ TOI$ NU*N 'EIRHMENOI$ PROSEPIMELEISQAI; NU*N D' "EXH$
'ALLWN 'ARCWN "AIRESEW$ PE=RI LEGOIMEN 'AN4. DEI GAR-DH TA
META TAUTA STRATHGOU$ "AIREISQAI, KAI TOUTOI$ 'EI$ TON POLEMON
<P 755C>
"OION TINA$ "UPHRESIA$ "IPPARCOU$ KAI FULARCOU$ KAI
TWN PEZWN FULWN KOSMHTA$ TWN TAXEWN, "OI$ PREPON 'AN4 'EIH
TOUT' 'AUTO 'TOUNOMA MALISTA, "OION KAI "OI POLLOI TAXIARCOU$
'AUTOU$ 'EPONOMAZOUSI0. TOUTWN DH STRATHGOU$ MEN 'EX 'AUTH$
TH$ POLEW$ TAUTH$ "OI NOMOFULAKE$ PROBALLESQWN, "AIREISQWN
D' 'EK TWN PROBLHQENTWN5 PANTE$ "OI TOU* POLEMOU KOINWNOI
GENOMENOI TE 'EN TAI$ "HLIKIAI$ KAI GIGNOMENOI "EKASTOTE.
'EA=N DE TI$ 'A=RA DOKHI5 TINI TWN MH PROBEBLHMENWN 'AMEINWN
<P 755D>
'EINAI TWN PROBLHQENTWN5 TINO$, 'EPONOMASA$ 'ANQ' "OTOU "ONTINA
PROBALLETAI, TOUT' 'AUTO 'OMNU$ 'ANTIPROBALLESQW TON "ETERON;
"OPOTERO$ D' 'AN4 DOXHI6 DIACEIROTONOUMENO$, 'EI$ THN "AIRESIN
'EGKRINESQW. TREI$ DE, "OI$ 'AN4 "H PLEISTH CEIROTONIA GIGNHTAI,
TOUTOU$ 'EINAI STRATHGOU$ TE-KAI 'EPIMELHTA$ TWN KATA
POLEMON, DOKIMASQENTWN5 KAQAPER "OI NOMOFULAKE$; TAXIARCOU$
DE "AUTOISI PROBALLESQAI MEN TOU$ "AIREQENTA$ STRATHGOU$
<P 755E>
DWDEKA, "EKASTHI FULHI TAXIARCON, THN D' 'ANTIPROBOLHN
'EINAI, KAQAPER TWN STRATHGWN 'EGIGNETO, THN 'AUTHN
KAI PERI= TWN TAXIARCWN, KAI THN 'EPICEIROTONIAN KAI THN
KRISIN. TON DE SULLOGON TOUTON 'EN TW*I PARONTI, PRIN PRUTANEI$
TE-KAI BOULHN "HIRHSQAI, TOU$ NOMOFULAKA$ SULLEXANTA$
'EI$ CWRION "W$ "IERWTATON TE-KAI "IKANWTATON KAQISAI0
CWRI$ MEN TOU$ "OPLITA$, CWRI$ DE TOU$ "IPPEA$, TRITON D'
'EFEXH$ TOUTOI$ PAN "OSON 'EMPOLEMION; CEIROTONOUNTWN3 DE
STRATHGOU$ MEN-KAI "IPPARCOU$ PANTE$, TAXIARCOU$ DE "OI


<P 756A>
THN 'ASPIDA TIQEMENOI, FULARCOU$ DE 'AU TOUTOI$ PAN TO "IPPIKON
"AIREISQW, YILWN DE 'H= TOXOTWN 'H= TINO$ 'ALLOU TWN
'EMPOLEMIWN "HGEMONA$ "OI STRATHGOI "EAUTOI$ KAQISTANTWN4.
"IPPARCWN DH KATASTASI$ 'AN4 "HMIN 'ETI LOIPH GIGNOITO. TOUTOU$
'OUN PROBALLESQWN MEN "OIPER KAI TOU$ STRATHGOU$
PROUBALLONTO, THN DE "AIRESIN KAI THN 'ANTIPROBOLHN7 TOUTWN
THN 'AUTHN GIGNESQAI KAQAPER "H TWN STRATHGWN 'EGIGNETO,
<P 756B>
CEIROTONEITW DE TO "IPPIKON 'AUTOU$ 'ENANTION "ORWNTWN0 TWN
PEZWN, DUO DE "OI$ 'AN4 PLEISTH CEIROTONIA GIGNHTAI, TOUTOU$
"HGEMONA$ 'EINAI PANTWN TWN "IPPEUONTWN0. TA$ DE 'AMFISBHTHSEI$
TWN CEIROTONIWN MECRI DUOIN 'EINAI; TO DE TRITON 'EA=N
'AMFISBHTHI5 TI$, DIAYHFIZESQAI TOUTOU$ "OISPER TH$ CEIROTONIA$
METRON "EKASTOI$ "EKASTON 'H*N.
BOULHN DE 'EINAI MEN TRIAKONTA DWDEKADA$ % "EXHKONTA DE-KAI
TRIAKOSIOI GIGNOINTO 'AN4 PREPONTE$ TAI$ DIANOMAI$ % MERH
<P 756C>
DE DIANEIMANTA$ TETTARA KATA 'ENENHKONTA TON 'ARIQMON TOUTWN,
'EX "EKASTOU TWN TIMHMATWN FEREIN 'ENENHKONTA BOULEUTA$.
PRWTON MEN 'EK TWN MEGISTWN TIMHMATWN "APANTA$ FEREIN 'EX
'ANAGKH$, 'H= ZHMIOUSQAI TON MH PEIQOMENON THI DOXASHI ZHMIA\;
'EPEIDAN D' 'ENECQWSI, TOUTOU$ MEN KATASHMHNASQAI, THI DE
"USTERAIA\ FEREIN 'EK TWN DEUTERWN TIMHMATWN KATA 'TAUTA
KAQAPER THI PROSQEN, TRITHI D' 'EK TWN TRITWN TIMHMATWN
FEREIN MEN TON BOULOMENON, 'EPANAGKE$ DE 'EINAI TOI$ TWN
<P 756D>
TRIWN TIMHMATWN, TO DE TETARTON TE-KAI SMIKROTATON 'ELEUQERON
'AFEISQAI TH$ ZHMIA$, "O$4 'AN4 'AUTWN MH BOULHTAI FEREIN.
TETARTHI DE FEREIN MEN 'EK TOU* TETARTOU KAI SMIKROTATOU
TIMHMATO$ "APANTA$, 'AZHMION D' 'EINAI TON 'EK TOU* TETARTOU
KAI TRITOU TIMHMATO$, 'EA=N 'ENEGKEIN MH BOULHTAI; TON D' 'EK
TOU* DEUTEROU KAI PRWTOU MH FERONTA ZHMIOUSQAI, TON MEN
<P 756E>
'EK TOU* DEUTEROU TRIPLASIA\ TH$ PRWTH$ ZHMIA$, TON D' 'EK
TOU* PRWTOU TETRAPLASIA\. PEMPTHI DE "HMERA\ TA KATASHMANQENTA
'ONOMATA 'EXENEGKEIN MEN TOU$ 'ARCONTA$ 'IDEIN
PASI TOI$ POLITAI$, FEREIN D' 'EK TOUTWN 'AU PANTA 'ANDRA 'H=
ZHMIOUSQAI THI PRWTHI ZHMIA\; 'OGDOHKONTA DE-KAI "EKATON 'EKLEXANTA$
'AF' "EKASTWN TWN TIMHMATWN, TOU$ "HMISEI$ TOUTWN
'APOKLHRWSANTA$ DOKIMASAI0, TOUTOU$ D' 'EINAI TON 'ENIAUTON
BOULEUTA$.
"H MEN "AIRESI$ "OUTW GIGNOMENH MESON 'AN4 'ECOI MONARCIKH$
KAI DHMOKRATIKH$ POLITEIA$, "H$ 'AEI DEI MESEUEIN THN POLITEIAN;


<P 757A>
DOULOI GAR 'AN4 KAI DESPOTAI 'OUK 'AN4 POTE GENOINTO FILOI, 'OUDE
'EN 'ISAI$ TIMAI$ DIAGOREUOMENOI FAULOI KAI SPOUDAIOI % TOI$
GAR 'ANISOI$ TA 'ISA 'ANISA GIGNOIT' 'AN4, 'EI MH TUGCANOI TOU*
METROU % DIA= GAR 'AMFO=TERA TAUTA STASEWN "AI POLITEIAI
PLHROUNTAI. PALAIO$ GAR LOGO$ 'ALHQH$ 'WN, "W$ 'ISOTH$ FILOTHTA
'APERGAZETAI, MALA MEN 'ORQW$ 'EIRHTAI KAI 'EMMELW$; "HTI$
D' 'ESTI POTE 'ISOTH$ "H TOUTO 'AUTO DUNAMENH, DIA= TO MH
<P 757B>
SFO=DRA SAFH$ 'EINAI SFO=DRA "HMA$ DIATARATTEI0. DUOIN GAR
'ISOTHTOIN 'OUSAIN, "OMWNUMOIN MEN, 'ERGWI DE 'EI$ POLLA SCEDON
'ENANTIAIN, THN MEN "ETERAN 'EI$ TA$ TIMA$ PASA POLI$ "IKANH
PARAGAGEIN KAI PA$ NOMOQETH$, THN METRWI 'ISHN KAI STAQMWI
KAI 'ARIQMWI, KLHRWI 'APEUQUNWN0 'EI$ TA$ DIANOMA$ 'AUTHN; THN
DE 'ALHQESTATHN KAI 'ARISTHN 'ISOTHTA 'OUKETI "RA\DION PANTI
'IDEIN. DIO$ GAR-DH KRISI$ 'ESTI, KAI TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ 'AEI
SMIKRA MEN 'EPARKEI0, PAN DE "OSON 'AN4 'EPARKESHI6 POLESIN 'H=-KAI
<P 757C>
'IDIWTAI$, PANT' 'AGAQA 'APERGAZETAI; TW*I MEN-GAR MEIZONI
PLEIW, TW*I D' 'ELATTONI SMIKRO=TERA NEMEI0, ME=TRIA DIDOUSA
PRO$ THN 'AUTWN FUSIN "EKATERWI, KAI-DH-KAI TIMA$ MEIZOSI
MEN PRO$ 'ARETHN 'AEI MEIZOU$, TOI$ DE 'TOUNANTION 'ECOUSIN4
'ARETH$ TE-KAI PAIDEIA$ TO PREPON "EKATEROI$ 'APONEMEI0 KATA
LOGON. 'ESTIN GAR-DHPOU-KAI TO POLITIKON "HMIN 'AEI TOUT'
'AUTO TO DIKAION; "OU2 KAI NU*N "HMA$ 'OREGOMENOU$ DEI KAI PRO$
TAUTHN THN 'ISOTHTA, 'W* KLEINIA, 'APOBLEPONTA$, THN NU*N
<P 757D>
FUOMENHN KATOIKIZEIN POLIN. 'ALLHN TE 'AN2 POTE TI$ 'OIKIZHI5,
PRO$ 'TAUTON TOUTO SKOPOUMENON CREWN NOMOQETEIN, 'ALL' 'OU
PRO$ 'OLIGOU$ TURANNOU$ 'H= PRO$ "ENA 'H=-KAI KRATO$ DHMOU TI,
PRO$ DE TO DIKAION 'AEI, TOUTO D' 'ESTI TO NUNDH LECQEN, TO
KATA FUSIN 'ISON 'ANISOI$ "EKASTOTE DOQEN; 'ANAGKAION GE-MHN
KAI TOUTOI$ PARWNUMIOISI POTE PROSCRHSASQAI POLIN "APASAN,
'EI MELLEI0 STASEWN "EAUTHI MH PROSKOINWNHSEIN KATA
<P 757E>
TI MERO$ % TO GAR 'EPIEIKE$ KAI SUGGNWMON TOU* TELEOU KAI
'AKRIBOU$ PARA DIKHN THN 'ORQHN 'ESTIN-PARATEQRAUMENON,
"OTAN GIGNHTAI % DIO TW*I TOU* KLHROU 'ISWI 'ANAGKH PROSCRHSASQAI
DUSKOLIA$ TWN POLLWN "ENEKA, QEON KAI 'AGAQHN TUCHN
KAI TO=TE 'EN 'EUCAI$ 'EPIKALOUMENOU$0 'APORQOUN0 'AUTOU$ TON
KLHRON PRO$ TO DIKAIOTATON. "OUTW DH CRHSTEON 'ANAGKAIW$


<P 758A>
MEN TOIN 'ISOTHTOIN 'AMFOIN, "W$ D' "OTI2 MALISTA 'EP' 'OLIGISTOI$
THI "ETERA\, THI TH$ TUCH$ DEOMENHI.
TAUTA "OUTW$ DIA= TAUTA, 'W* FILOI, 'ANAGKAION THN MELLOUSAN
SWIZESQAI DRAN POLIN; 'EPEIDH DE NAU$ TE 'EN QALATTHI
PLEOUSA FULAKH$ "HMERA$ DEITAI KAI NUKTO$ 'AEI, POLI$ TE
"WSAUTW$ 'EN KLUDWNI TWN 'ALLWN POLEWN DIAGOMENH KAI
PANTODAPAISIN 'EPIBOULAI$ 'OIKEI0 KINDUNEUOUSA "ALISKESQAI,
DEI DH DI' "HMERA$ TE 'EI$ NUKTA KAI 'EK NUKTO$ SUNAPTEIN PRO$
<P 758B>
"HMERAN 'ARCONTA$ 'ARCOUSIN4, FROUROUNTA$ TE FROUROUSIN4 DIADECOMENOU$
'AEI KAI PARADIDONTA$ MHDEPOTE LHGEIN. PLHQO$
DE 'OU DUNATON 'OXEW$ 'OUDEPOTE 'OUDEN TOUTWN PRATTEIN, 'ANAGKAION
DE TOU$ MEN POLLOU$ TWN BOULEUTWN 'EPI TON PLEISTON
TOU* CRONOU 'EA*N 'EPI TOI$ "AUTWN 'IDIOISI MENONTA$ 'EUQHMONEISQAI
TA KATA TA$ "AUTWN 'OIKHSEI$, TO DE DWDEKATON MERO$
'AUTWN 'EPI DWDEKA MHNA$ NEIMANTA$, "EN 'EF' "ENI PARECEIN 'AUTOU$
<P 758C>
FULAKA$ 'IONTI TE TINI POQEN 'ALLOQEN 'EI=TE-KAI 'EX 'AUTH$ TH$
POLEW$ "ETOIMW$ 'EPITUCEIN, 'ANTE 'AGGELLEIN BOULHTAI TI$
'EANT' 'AU PUNQANESQAI TI TWN "WN PROSHKEI0 POLEI PRO$ POLEI$
'ALLA$ 'APOKRINESQAI TE-KAI 'ERWTHSASAN "ETERA$, 'APODEXASQAI
TA$ 'APOKRISEI$, KAI-DH-KAI TWN KATA POLIN "EKASTOTE NEWTERISMWN
"ENEKA PANTODAPWN 'EIWQOTWN 'AEI GIGNESQAI, "OPW$
<P 758D>
'AN4 MALISTA MEN MH GIGNWNTAI, GENOMENWN DE, "OTI2 TACISTA
'AISQOMENH$ TH$ POLEW$ 'IAQHI TO GENOMENON; DI' "A SULLOGWN
TE 'AEI DEI TOUTO 'EINAI TO PROKAQHMENON TH$ POLEW$ KURION
KAI DIALUSEWN, TWN TE KATA NOMOU$ TWN TE 'EXAIFNH$ PROSPIPTOUSWN
THI POLEI. TAUTA MEN-'OUN PANTA TO DWDEKATON
'AN4 MERO$ TH$ BOULH$ 'EIH TO DIAKOSMOUN, TA "ENDEKA 'ANAPAUOMENON
TOU* 'ENIAUTOU MERH; KOINHI DE META TWN 'ALLWN
'ARCWN DEI TA$ FULAKA$ TAUTA$ FULATTEIN KATA POLIN TOUTO
TO MORION TH$ BOULH$ 'AEI.
KAI TA MEN KATA POLIN "OUTW$ 'ECONTA METRIW$ 'AN4 'EIH-DIATETAGMENA;
<P 758E>
TH$ DE 'ALLH$ CWRA$ PASH$ TI=$ 'EPIMELEIA
KAI TI=$ TAXI$: 'A*RA 'OUC "HNIKA PASA MEN "H POLI$, SUMPASA
DE "H CWRA KATA DWDEKA MERH DIANENEMHTAI, TH$ POLEW$
'AUTH$ "ODWN KAI 'OIKHSEWN KAI 'OIKODOMIWN KAI LIMENWN KAI
'AGORA$ KAI KRHNWN, KAI-DH-KAI TEMENWN KAI "IERWN KAI PANTWN
TWN TOIOUTWN, 'EPIMELHTA$ DEI TINA$
'APODEDEIGMENOU$-'EINAI:
KL ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:


<P 759A>
AQ ^ LEGWMEN DH TOI$ MEN "IEROI$ NEWKOROU$ TE-KAI
"IEREA$ KAI "IEREIA$ DEIN GIGNESQAI; "ODWN DE-KAI 'OIKODOMIWN
KAI KOSMOU TOU* PERI= TA TOIAUTA, 'ANQRWPWN TE, "INA MH 'ADIKWSIN,
KAI TWN 'ALLWN QHRIWN, 'EN 'AUTWI TE TW*I TH$ POLEW$
PERIBOLWI KAI PROASTEIWI "OPW$ 'AN4 TA PROSHKONTA POLESIN
GIGNHTAI, "ELESQAI DEI TRIA MEN 'ARCONTWN0 'EIDH, PERI= MEN TO
NUNDH LECQEN 'ASTUNOMOU$ 'EPONOMAZONTA, TO DE PERI= 'AGORA$
KOSMON 'AGORANOMOU$. "IERWN DE "IEREA$, "OI$ MEN 'EISIN PATRIAI
<P 759B>
"IERWSUNAI KAI "AI$, MH KINEIN; 'EI DE, "OION TO PRWTON KATOIKIZOMENOI$
'EIKO$ GIGNESQAI PERI= TA TOIAUTA, 'H= MHDENI 'H= TISIN
'OLIGOI$, "OI$ MH KAQESTHKOI KATASTATEON "IEREA$ TE-KAI "IEREIA$
NEWKOROU$ GIGNESQAI TOI$ QEOI$. TOUTWN DH PANTWN TA MEN
"AIRETA CRH, TA DE KLHRWTA 'EN TAI$ KATASTASESI GIGNESQAI,
MEIGNUNTA$ PRO$ FILIAN 'ALLHLOI$ DHMON KAI MH DHMON 'EN
"EKASTHI CWRA\ KAI POLEI, "OPW$ 'AN4 MALISTA "OMONOWN 'EIH. TA
MEN-'OUN TWN "IEREWN, TW*I QEWI 'EPITREPONTA 'AUTWI TO KECARISMENON
<P 759C>
GIGNESQAI, KLHROUN0 "OUTW THI QEIA\ TUCHI 'APODIDONTA,
DOKIMAZEIN DE TON 'AEI LAGCANONTA PRWTON MEN "OLOKLHRON
KAI GNHSION, 'EPEITA "W$ "OTI2 MALISTA 'EK KAQAREUOUSWN 'OIKHSEWN,
FONOU DE "AGNON KAI PANTWN TWN PERI= TA TOIAUTA 'EI$
TA QEI*A "AMARTANOMENWN 'AUTON KAI PATERA KAI MHTERA KATA
'TAUTA BEBIWKOTA$. 'EK DELFWN DE CRH NOMOU$ PERI= TA QEI*A
PANTA KOMISAMENOU$ KAI KATASTHSANTA$ 'EP' 'AUTOI$ 'EXHGHTA$,
<P 759D>
TOUTOI$ CRHSQAI. KAT' 'ENIAUTON DE 'EINAI KAI MH MAKROTERON
THN "IERWSUNHN "EKASTHN, 'ETH DE MH 'ELATTON "EXHKONTA "HMIN
'EIH-GEGONW$ "O MELLWN KAQ' "IEROU$ NOMOU$ PERI= TA QEI*A "IKANW$
"AGISTEUSEIN; 'TAUTA DE-KAI PERI= TWN "IEREIWN 'ESTW TA NOMIMA.
TOU$ DE 'EXHGHTA$ TRI$ FERETWSAN MEN "AI TETTARE$ FULAI
TETTARA$, "EKASTON 'EX "AUTWN, TREI$ DE, "OI$ 'AN4 PLEISTH GENHTAI
YHFO$, DOKIMASANTA$, 'ENNEA PEMPEIN 'EI$ DELFOU$
'ANELEIN 'EX "EKASTH$ TRIADO$ "ENA; THN DE DOKIMASIAN 'AUTWN
<P 759E>
KAI TOU* CRONOU THN "HLIKIAN 'EINAI KAQAPER TWN "IEREWN. "OUTOI
DE 'ESTWN 'EXHGHTAI DIA= BIOU; TON DE-GE LIPONTA PROAIREISQWSAN
"AI TETTARE$ FULAI "OQEN 'AN4 'EKLIPHI6. TAMIA$ DE-DH
TWN TE "IERWN CRHMATWN "EKASTOI$ TOI$ "IEROI$ KAI TEMENWN
KAI KARPWN TOUTWN KAI MISQWSEWN KURIOU$ "AIREISQAI MEN


<P 760A>
'EK TWN MEGISTWN TIMHMATWN TREI$ 'EI$ TA MEGISTA "IERA, DUO
D' 'EI$ TA SMIKRO=TERA, PRO$ DE TA 'EMMELESTATA "ENA; THN DE
"AIRESIN TOUTWN KAI THN DOKIMASIAN GIGNESQAI KAQAPER "H
TWN STRATHGWN 'EGIGNETO. KAI TA MEN 'AU PERI= TA "IERA TAUTA
GIGNESQW.
'AFROURHTON DE-DH MHDEN 'EI$ DUNAMIN 'ESTW. POLEW$ MEN-'OUN
"AI FROURAI PE=RI TAUTHI GIGNESQWSAN, STRATHGWN 'EPIMELOUMENWN
KAI TAXIARCWN KAI "IPPARCWN KAI FULARCWN KAI
<P 760B>
PRUTANEWN, KAI-DH-KAI 'ASTUNOMWN KAI 'AGORANOMWN, "OPOTAN
"AIREQENTE$ "HMIN KATASTWSIN TINE$ "IKANW$; THN DE 'ALLHN
CWRAN FULATTEIN PASAN KATA TADE. DWDEKA MEN "HMIN "H
CWRA PASA 'EI$ DUNAMIN 'ISA MORIA NENEMHTAI, FULH DE MIA
TW*I MORIWI "EKASTWI 'EPIKLHRWQEISA KAT' 'ENIAUTON PARECETW
PENTE "OION 'AGRONOMOU$ TE-KAI FROURARCOU$, TOUTOI$ D' 'ESTW2
KATALEXASQAI TH$ "AUTWN FULH$ "EKASTWI DWDEKA TWN PENTE
<P 760C>
'EK TWN NEWN, MH 'ELATTON 'H= PENTE KAI 'EIKOSIN 'ETH GEGONOTA$,
MH PLEION DE 'H= TRIAKONTA. TOUTOI$ DE DIAKLHRWQHTW TA
MORIA TH$ CWRA$ KATA MHNA "EKASTA "EKASTOI$, "OPW$ 'AN4 PASH$
TH$ CWRA$ 'EMPEIROI TE-KAI 'EPISTHMONE$ GIGNWNTAI PANTE$.
DUO D' 'ETH THN 'ARCHN KAI THN FROURAN GIGNESQAI FROUROI$
TE-KAI 'ARCOUSIN4. "OPW$ D' 'AN4 TO PRWTON LACWSIN TA MERH,
TOU$ TH$ CWRA$ TOPOU$, METALLATTONTA$ 'AEI TON "EXH$ TOPON
<P 760D>
"EKASTOU MHNO$ "HGEISQAI TOU$ FROURARCOU$ 'EPI DEXIA KUKLWI;
TO D' 'EPI DEXIA GIGNESQW TO PRO$ "EW. PERIELQONTO$ DE TOU*
'ENIAUTOU, TW*I DEUTERWI 'ETEI, "INA "W$ PLEISTOI TWN FROURWN MH
MONON 'EMPEIROI TH$ CWRA$ GIGNWNTAI KATA MIAN "WRAN TOU*
'ENIAUTOU, PRO$ THI CWRA\ DE "AMA KAI TH$ "WRA$ "EKASTH$ PERI=
"EKASTON TON TOPON TO GIGNOMENON "W$ PLEISTOI KATAMAQWSIN,
"OI TO=TE "HGOUMENOI PALIN 'AFHGEISQWSAN 'EI$ TON 'EUWNUMON
<P 760E>
'AEI METABALLONTE$ TOPON, "EW$ 'AN4 TO DEUTERON DIEXELQWSIN
'ETO$; TW*I TRITWI DE 'ALLOU$ 'AGRONOMOU$ "AIREISQAI KAI FROURARCOU$
TOU$ PENTE TWN DWDEKA 'EPIMELHTA$. 'EN DE-DH TAI$
DIATRIBAI$ TW*I TOPWI "EKASTWI THN 'EPIMELEIAN 'EINAI TOIANDE
TINA; PRWTON MEN "OPW$ 'EUERKH$ "H CWRA PRO$ TOU$ POLEMIOU$
"OTI2 MALISTA 'ESTAI, TAFREUONTA$ TE "OSA 'AN4 TOUTOU DEHI5 KAI
'APOSKAPTONTA$ KAI 'ENOIKODOMHMASIN 'EI$ DUNAMIN 'EIRGONTA$
TOU$ 'EPICEIROUNTA$ "OTIOUN THN CWRAN KAI TA KTHMATA KAKOURGEIN,
CRWMENOU$ D' "UPOZUGIOI$ KAI TOI$ 'OIKETAI$ TOI$ 'EN


<P 761A>
TW*I TOPWI "EKASTWI PRO$ TAUTA, DI' 'EKEINWN POIOUNTA$, 'EKEINOI$
'EPISTATOUNTA$, TWN 'OIKEIWN 'ERGWN 'AUTWN 'ARGIA$ "OTI2 MALISTA
'EKLEGOMENOU$. DUSBATA DE-DH PANTA POIEIN MEN TOI$ 'ECQROI$,
TOI$ DE FILOI$ "OTI2 MALISTA 'EUBATA, 'ANQRWPOI$ TE-KAI "UPOZUGIOI$
KAI BOSKHMASIN, "ODWN TE 'EPIMELOUMENOU$ "OPW$ "W$
"HMERWTATAI "EKASTAI GIGNWNTAI, KAI TWN 'EK DIO$ "UDATWN,
"INA THN CWRAN MH KAKOURGHI5, MALLON D' 'WFELHI5 "REONTA 'EK
<P 761B>
TWN "UYHLWN 'EI$ TA$ 'EN TOI$ 'ORESI NAPA$ "OSAI KOILAI, TA$
'EKROA$ 'AUTWN 'EIRGONTA$ 'OIKODOMHMASI TE-KAI TAFREUMASIN,
"OPW$ 'AN4 TA PARA TOU* DIO$ "UDATA KATADECOMENAI KAI PINOUSAI,
TOI$ "UPOKATWQEN 'AGROI$ TE-KAI TOPOI$ PASIN NAMATA
KAI KRHNA$ POIOUSAI, KAI TOU$ 'AUCMHROTATOU$ TOPOU$ POLUUDROU$
TE-KAI 'EUUDROU$ 'APERGAZWNTAI; TA TE PHGAI*A "UDATA,
'EANTE TI$ POTAMO$ 'EANTE-KAI KRHNH 'HI, KOSMOUNTE$ FUTEUMASI
<P 761C>
TE-KAI 'OIKODOMHMASIN 'EUPREPE=STERA, KAI SUNAGONTE$ METALLEIAI$
NAMATA, PANTA 'AFQONA POIWSIN, "UDREIAI$ TE KAQ'
"EKASTA$ TA$ "WRA$, 'EI TI POU 'ALSO$ 'H= TEMENO$ PERI= TAUTA
'AFEIMENON-'HI, TA "REUMATA 'AFIENTE$ 'EI$ 'AUTA TA TWN QEWN
"IERA, KOSMWSI. PANTACHI DE 'EN TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ GUMNASIA CRH
KATASKEUAZEIN TOU$ NEOU$ "AUTOI$ TE-KAI TOI$ GEROUSI GERONTIKA
LOUTRA QERMA PARECONTA$, "ULHN PARATIQENTA$ 'AUHN
<P 761D>
KAI XHRAN 'AFQONON, 'EP' 'ONHSEI KAMNONTWN0 TE NOSOI$ KAI
PONOI$ TETRUMENA GEWRGIKOI$ SWMATA DECOMENOU$ 'EUMENW$,
'IATROU DEXIN MH PANU SOFOU BELTIONA SUCNWI.
TAUTA MEN-'OUN-KAI TA TOIAUTA PANTA KOSMO$ TE-KAI 'WFELIA
TOI$ TOPOI$ GIGNOIT' 'AN4 META PAIDIA$ 'OUDAMHI 'ACARITOU; SPOUDH
DE PERI= TAUTA "HDE 'ESTW. TOU$ "EXHKONTA "EKASTOU$ TON "AUTWN
TOPON FULATTEIN, MH MONON POLEMIWN "ENEKA 'ALLA=-KAI TWN
FILWN FASKONTWN0 'EINAI; GEITONWN DE-KAI TWN 'ALLWN POLITWN
<P 761E>
'H=N 'ALLO$ 'ALLON 'ADIKHI5, DOULO$ 'H= 'ELEUQERO$, DIKAZONTA$ TW*I
'ADIKEISQAI FASKONTI, TA MEN SMIKRA 'AUTOU$ TOU$ PENTE 'ARCONTA$,
TA DE MEIZONA META TWN DWDEKA TOU$ "EPTAKAIDEKA
DIKAZEIN MECRI TRIWN MNWN, "OSA 'AN4 "ETERO$ "ETERWI 'EPIKALHI5.
DIKASTHN DE-KAI 'ARCONTA 'ANUPEUQUNON 'OUDENA DIKAZEIN KAI
'ARCEIN DEI PLHN TWN TO TELO$ 'EPITIQENTWN0 "OION BASILEWN;
KAI-DH-KAI TOU$ 'AGRONOMOU$ TOUTOU$, 'EA=N "UBRIZWSI TI PERI=
TOU$ "WN 'EPIMELOUNTAI, PROSTAXEI$ TE PROSTATTONTE$ 'ANISOU$,


<P 762A>
KAI 'EPICEIROUNTE$ LAMBANEIN TE-KAI FEREIN TWN 'EN TAI$
GEWRGIAI$ MH PEISANTE$, KAI 'EA=N DECWNTAI TI KOLAKEIA$
"ENEKA DIDONTWN0, 'H=-KAI DIKA$ 'ADIKW$ DIANEMWSI, TAI$ MEN
QWPEIAI$ "UPEIKONTE$ 'ONEIDH FERESQWSAN 'EN PASHI THI POLEI,
TWN DE 'ALLWN 'ADIKHMATWN "OTI2 'AN4 'ADIKWSI TOU$ 'EN TW*I TOPWI,
TWN MECRI MNA$ 'EN TOI$ KWMHTAI$ KAI GEITOSIN "UPECETWSAN
"EKONTE$ DIKA$, TWN DE MEIZONWN "EKASTOTE 'ADIKHMATWN 'H=-KAI
<P 762B>
TWN 'ELATTONWN, 'EA=N MH 'QELWSIN "UPECEIN, PISTEUONTE$ TW*I
MEQISTASQAI KATA MHNA$ 'EI$ "ETERON 'AEI TOPON FEUGONTE$
'APOFEUXEISQAI, TOUTWN PE=RI LAGCANEIN MEN 'EN TAI$ KOINAI$
DIKAI$ TON 'ADIKOUMENON, 'EA=N D' "ELHI6, THN DIPLASIAN PRATTESQW
TON "UPOFEUGONTA KAI MH 'EQELHSANTA "UPOSCEIN "EKONTA TIMWRIAN.
DIAITASQWN DE "OI TE 'ARCONTE$ "OI T' 'AGRONOMOI TA
DUO 'ETH TOIONDE TINA TROPON; PRWTON MEN-DH KAQ' "EKASTOU$
<P 762C>
TOU$ TOPOU$ 'EINAI SUSSITIA, 'EN "OI$ KOINHI THN DIAITAN POIHTEON
"APASIN; "O DE 'APOSUSSITHSA$ 'KAN2 "HNTINAOUN "HMERAN, 'H=
NUKTA 'APOKOIMHQEI$, MH TWN 'ARCONTWN0 TAXANTWN0 'H= PASH$
TINO$ 'ANAGKH$ 'EPIPESOUSH$, 'EA=N 'APOFHNWSIN 'AUTON "OI PENTE,
KAI GRAYANTE$ QWSIN 'EN 'AGORA*I KATALELUKOTA THN FROURAN,
'ONEIDH TE 'ECETW THN POLITEIAN "W$ PRODIDOU$ TO "EAUTOU
MERO$, KOLAZESQW TE PLHGAI$ "UPO TOU* SUNTUGCANONTO$ KAI
<P 762D>
'EQELONTO$ KOLAZEIN 'ATIMWRHTW$. TWN DE 'ARCONTWN0 'AUTWN
'EA=N TI$ TI DRA*I2 TOIOUTON 'AUTO$, 'EPIMELEISQAI MEN TOU* TOIOUTOU
PANTA$ TOU$ "EXHKONTA CREWN, "O DE 'AISQOMENO$ TE-KAI PUQOMENO$
MH 'EPEXIWN 'EN TOI$ 'AUTOI$ 'ENECESQW NOMOI$ KAI
PLEIONI TWN NEWN ZHMIOUSQW; PERI= TA$ TWN NEWN 'ARCA$
'HTIMASQW PASA$. TOUTWN DE "OI NOMOFULAKE$ 'EPISKOPOI
'AKRIBEI$ 'ESTWSAN, "OPW$ 'H= MH GIGNHTAI THN 'ARCHN 'H= GIGNOMENA
<P 762E>
TH$ 'AXIA$ DIKH$ TUGCANHI5. DEI DH PANT' 'ANDRA DIANOEISQAI
PERI= "APANTWN 'ANQRWPWN "W$ "O MH DOULEUSA$ 'OUD'
'AN4 DESPOTH$ GENOITO 'AXIO$ 'EPAINOU, KAI KALLWPIZESQAI CRH
TW*I KALW$ DOULEUSAI0 MALLON 'H= TW*I KALW$ 'ARXAI0, PRWTON
MEN TOI$ NOMOI$, "W$ TAUTHN TOI$ QEOI$ 'OUSAN DOULEIAN,
'EPEIT' 'AEI TOI$ PRESBUTEROI$ TE-KAI 'ENTIMW$ BEBIWKOSI
TOU$ NEOU$. META DE TAUTA TH$ KAQ' "HMERAN DIAITH$ DEI TH$
TAPEINH$ KAI 'APOROU GEGEUMENON-'EINAI TA DUO 'ETH TAUTA TON
TWN 'AGRONOMWN GEGONOTA. 'EPEIDAN GAR-DH KATALEGWSIN "OI
DWDEKA, SUNELQONTE$ META TWN PENTE, BOULEUESQWSAN "W$


<P 763A>
"OIONPER 'OIKETAI 'OUC "EXOUSIN2 "AUTOI$ 'ALLOU$ 'OIKETA$ TE-KAI
DOULOU$, 'OUD' 'EK TWN 'ALLWN GEWRGWN TE-KAI KWMHTWN TOI$
'EKEINWN 'EPI TA 'I=DIA CRHSONTAI "UPHRETHMATA DIAKONOI$, 'ALLA=
MONON "OSA 'EI$ TA DHMO=SIA; TA D' 'A=LLA 'AUTOI DI' "AUTWN
DIANOHQHTWSAN "W$ BIWSOMENOI DIAKONOUNTE$ TE-KAI DIAKONOUMENOI
"EAUTOI$, PRO$ DE TOUTOI$ PASAN THN CWRAN DIEXEREUNWMENOI
QEROU$ KAI CEIMWNO$ SUN TOI$ "OPLOI$ FULAKH$ TE-KAI
<P 763B>
GNWRISEW$ "ENEKA PANTWN 'AEI TWN TOPWN. KINDUNEUEI0
GAR 'OUDENO$ 'ELATTON MAQHMA 'EINAI DI' 'AKRIBEIA$ 'EPISTASQAI
PANTA$ THN "AUTWN CWRAN; "OU2 DH CARIN KUNHGESIA KAI THN
'ALLHN QHRAN 'OUC "HTTON 'EPITHDEUEIN DEI TON "HBWNTA 'H= TH$
'ALLH$ "HDONH$ "AMA KAI 'WFELIA$ TH$ PERI= TA TOIAUTA GIGNOMENH$
PASIN. TOUTOU$ 'OUN, 'AUTOU$ TE-KAI TO 'EPITHDEUMA,
'EI=TE TI$ KRUPTOU$ 'EI=TE 'AGRONOMOU$ 'EI=Q' "OTI2 KALWN0 CAIREI0,
<P 763C>
TOUTO PROSAGOREUWN, PROQUMW$ PA$ 'ANHR 'EI$ DUNAMIN 'EPITHDEUETW,
"OSOI MELLOUSI0 THN "AUTWN POLIN "IKANW$ SWIZEIN.
TO DE META TOUTO 'ARCONTWN0 "AIRESEW$ 'AGORANOMWN PE=RI KAI
'ASTUNOMWN PE=RI 'H*N "HMIN "EPOMENON. "EPOINTO D' 'AN4 'AGRONOMOI$
GE 'ASTUNOMOI TREI$ "EXHKONTA 'OUSIN, TRICHI DWDEKA MERH
TH$ POLEW$ DIALABONTE$, MIMOUMENOI 'EKEINOU$ TWN TE "ODWN
'EPIMELOUMENOI TWN KATA TO 'ASTU KAI TWN 'EK TH$ CWRA$
LEWFORWN 'EI$ THN POLIN 'AEI TETAMENWN KAI TWN 'OIKODOMIWN,
<P 763D>
"INA KATA NOMOU$ GIGNWNTAI PASAI, KAI-DH-KAI TWN "UDATWN,
"OPOS' 'AN4 'AUTOI$ PEMPWSI KAI PARADIDWSIN2 "OI FROUROUNTE$
TEQERAPEUMENA, "OPW$ 'EI$ TA$ KRHNA$ "IKANA KAI KAQARA POREUOMENA,
KOSMHI5 TE "AMA KAI 'WFELHI5 THN POLIN. DEI DH-KAI
TOUTOU$ DUNATOU$ TE 'EINAI KAI SCOLAZONTA$ TWN KOINWN 'EPIMELEISQAI;
DIO PROBALLESQW MEN PA$ 'ANHR 'EK TWN MEGISTWN
TIMHMATWN 'ASTUNOMON "ON 'AN4 BOULHTAI, DIACEIROTONHQENTWN5
<P 763E>
DE-KAI 'AFIKOMENWN 'EI$ "EX "OI$ 'AN4 PLEISTAI GIGNWNTAI,
TOU$ TREI$ 'APOKLHRWSANTWN2 "OI$ TOUTWN 'EPIMELE$, DOKIMASQENTE$
DE 'ARCONTWN2 KATA TOU$ TEQENTA$ 'AUTOI$ NOMOU$.
'AGORANOMOU$ D' "EXH$ TOUTOI$ "AIREISQAI MEN 'EK TWN DEUTERWN
KAI PRWTWN TIMHMATWN PENTE, TA D' 'A=LLA 'AUTWN GIGNESQAI
THN "AIRESIN KAQAPER "H TWN 'ASTUNOMWN; DEKA 'EK TWN 'ALLWN
CEIROTONHQENTA$ TOU$ PENTE 'APOKLHRWSAI0, KAI DOKIMASQENTA$
'AUTOU$ 'ARCONTA$ 'APOFHNAI0. CEIROTONEITW DE PA$ PANTA;


<P 764A>
"O DE MH 'QELWN, 'EA=N 'EISAGGELQHI PRO$ TOU$ 'ARCONTA$, ZHMIOUSQW
PENTHKONTA DRACMAI$ PRO$ TW*I KAKO$ 'EINAI DOKEIN.
'ITW D' 'EI$ 'EKKLHSIAN KAI TON KOINON SULLOGON "O BOULOMENO$,
'EPANAGKE$ D' 'ESTW TW*I TWN DEUTERWN KAI PRWTWN TIMHMATWN,
DEKA DRACMAI$ ZHMIOUMENWI 'EA=N MH PARWN 'EXETAZHTAI TOI$
SULLOGOI$; TRITWI DE TIMHMATI KAI TW*I TETARTWI MH 'EPANAGKE$,
'ALLA= 'AZHMIO$ 'AFEISQW, 'EA=N MH TI PARAGGEILWSIN "OI 'ARCONTE$
<P 764B>
PASIN 'EK TINO$ 'ANAGKH$ SUNIENAI; TOU$ DE-DH 'AGORANOMOU$
TON PERI= THN 'AGORAN KOSMON DIATACQENTA "UPO NOMWN FULATTEIN,
KAI "IERWN KAI KRHNWN 'EPIMELEISQAI TWN KAT' 'AGORAN,
"OPW$ MHDEN 'ADIKHI5 MHDEI$, TON 'ADIKOUNTA DE KOLAZEIN, PLHGAI$
MEN-KAI DESMOI$ DOULON KAI XENON, 'EA=N D' 'EPICWRIO$ 'WN TI$
PERI= TA TOIAUTA 'AKOSMHI5, MECRI MEN "EKATON DRACMWN NOMISMATO$
'AUTOU$ 'EINAI KURIOU$ DIADIKAZONTA$, MECRI DE DIPLASIOU
<P 764C>
TOUTOU KOINHI META 'ASTUNOMWN ZHMIOUN0 DIKAZONTA$ TW*I
'ADIKOUNTI. TA 'AUTA DE-KAI 'ASTUNOMOI$ 'ESTW20 ZHMIWMATA TE-KAI
KOLASEI$ 'EN THI "EAUTWN 'ARCHI, MECRI MEN MNA$ 'AUTOU$
ZHMIOUNTA$, THN DIPLASIAN DE META 'AGORANOMWN.
MOUSIKH$ DE TO META TOUTO KAI GUMNASTIKH$ 'ARCONTA$
KAQISTASQAI PREPON 'AN4 'EIH, DITTOU$ "EKATERWN, TOU$ MEN
PAIDEIA$ 'AUTWN "ENEKA, TOU$ DE 'AGWNISTIKH$. PAIDEIA$ MEN
BOULETAI LEGEIN "O NOMO$ GUMNASIWN KAI DIDASKALEIWN 'EPIMELHTA$
<P 764D>
KOSMOU KAI PAIDEUSEW$ "AMA KAI TH$ PERI= TAUTA
'EPIMELEIA$ TWN FOITHSEWN TE PE=RI KAI 'OIKHSEWN 'ARRENWN
KAI QHLEIWN KORWN, 'AGWNIA$ DE, 'EN TE TOI$ GUMNIKOI$ KAI PERI=
THN MOUSIKHN 'AQLOQETA$ 'AQLHTAI$, DITTOU$ 'AU TOUTOU$, PERI=
MOUSIKHN MEN "ETEROU$, PERI= 'AGWNIAN D' 'ALLOU$. 'AGWNISTIKH$
MEN-'OUN 'ANQRWPWN TE-KAI "IPPWN TOU$ 'AUTOU$, MOUSIKH$ DE
"ETEROU$ MEN TOU$ PERI= MONWIDIAN TE-KAI MIMHTIKHN, "OION
<P 764E>
"RAYWIDWN KAI KIQARWIDWN KAI 'AULHTWN KAI PANTWN TWN TOIOUTWN
'AQLOQETA$ "ETEROU$ PREPON 'AN4 'EIH GIGNESQAI, TWN DE
PERI= CORWIDIAN 'ALLOU$. PRWTON DH PERI= THN TWN CORWN
PAIDIAN PAIDWN TE-KAI 'ANDRWN KAI QHLEIWN KORWN 'EN 'ORCHSESI
KAI THI TAXEI THI "APASHI GIGNOMENHI MOUSIKHI TOU$ 'ARCONTA$
"AIREISQAI POU CREWN; "IKANO$ DE "EI$ 'ARCWN 'AUTOI$,


<P 765A>
MH 'ELATTON TETTARAKONTA GEGONW$ 'ETWN. "IKANO$ DE-KAI PERI=
MONWIDIAN "EI$, MH 'ELATTON 'H= TRIAKONTA GEGONW$ 'ETWN, 'EISAGWGEU$
TE 'EINAI KAI TOI$ "AMILLWMENOI$ THN DIAKRISIN
"IKANW$ 'APODIDOU$. TON DH CORWN 'ARCONTA KAI DIAQETHRA
"AIREISQAI CRH TOIONDE TINA TROPON. "OSOI MEN FILOFRONW$
'ESCHKASI PERI= TA TOIAUTA, 'EI$ TON SULLOGON 'ITWSAN, 'EPIZHMIOI
'EA=N MH 'IWSIN % TOUTOU DE "OI NOMOFULAKE$ KRITAI % TOI$
D' 'ALLOI$, 'EA=N MH BOULWNTAI, MHDEN 'EPANAGKE$ 'ESTW. KAI
<P 765B>
THN PROBOLHN DH TON "AIROUMENON 'EK TWN 'EMPEIRWN POIHTEON,
'EN TE THI DOKIMASIA\ KATHGORHMA "EN TOUT' 'ESTW KAI 'APHGORHMA,
TWN MEN "W$ 'APEIRO$ "O LACWN, TWN D' "W$ 'EMPEIRO$; "O$4 D'
'AN4 "EI$ 'EK PROCEIROTONHQENTWN5 DEKA LACHI6, DOKIMASQEI$, TON
'ENIAUTON TWN CORWN 'ARCETW KATA NOMON. KATA 'TAUTA DE
TOUTOI$ KAI TAUTHI "O LACWN TON 'ENIAUTON 'EKEINON TWN 'AFIKOMENWN
'EI$ KRISIN MONWIDIWN TE-KAI SUNAULIWN 'ARCETW, 'EI$
<P 765C>
TOU$ KRITA$ 'APODIDOU$ "O LACWN THN KRISIN. META DE TAUTA
CREWN 'AGWNIA$ 'AQLOQETA$ "AIREISQAI TH$ PERI= TA GUMNASIA
"IPPWN TE-KAI 'ANQRWPWN 'EK TWN TRITWN TE-KAI 'ETI TWN DEUTERWN
TIMHMATWN; 'EI$ DE THN "AIRESIN 'ESTW MEN 'EPANAGKE$
TOI$ TRISIN KAI8 POREUESQAI TIMHMASI, TO SMIKROTATON DE
'AZHMION 'AFEISQW. TREI$ D' 'ESTWSAN "OI LACONTE$, TWN PROCEIROTONHQENTWN5
MEN 'EIKOSI, LACONTWN3 DE 'EK TWN 'EIKOSI
TRIWN, "OU$ 'AN4 KAI YHFO$ "H TWN DOKIMAZONTWN0 DOKIMASHI6; 'EA=N
<P 765D>
DE TI$ 'APODOKIMASQHI KAQ' "HNTINAOUN 'ARCH$ LHXIN KAI KRISIN,
'ALLOU$ 'ANQAIREISQAI KATA 'TAUTA KAI THN DOKIMASIAN "WSAUTW$
'AUTWN PE=RI POIEISQAI.
LOIPO$ DE 'ARCWN PERI= TA PROEIRHMENA "HMIN "O TH$ PAIDEIA$
'EPIMELHTH$ PASH$ QHLEIWN TE-KAI 'ARRENWN. "EI$ MEN-DH-KAI
"O TOUTWN 'ARXWN 'ESTW KATA NOMOU$, 'ETWN MEN GEGONW$
MH 'ELATTON 'H= PENTHKONTA, PAIDWN DE GNHSIWN PATHR, MALISTA
MEN "UEWN KAI QUGATERWN, 'EI DE MH, QATERA; DIANOHQHTW
<P 765E>
DE 'AUTO$ TE "O PROKRIQEI$ KAI "O PROKRINWN0 "W$ 'OUSAN TAUTHN
THN 'ARCHN TWN 'EN THI POLEI 'AKROTATWN 'ARCWN POLU MEGISTHN.
PANTO$ GAR-DH FUTOU "H PRWTH BLASTH KALW$ "ORMHQEISA,
PRO$ 'ARETHN TH$ "AUTOU FUSEW$ KURIWTATH TELO$ 'EPIQEINAI0
TO PROSFORON, TWN TE 'ALLWN FUTWN KAI TWN ZWIWN "HMERWN


<P 766A>
KAI 'AGRIWN KAI 'ANQRWPWN; 'ANQRWPO$ DE, "W$ FAMEN, "HMERON,
"OMW$ MHN PAIDEIA$ MEN 'ORQH$ TUCON KAI FUSEW$ 'EUTUCOU$,
QEIOTATON "HMERWTATON TE ZWION GIGNESQAI FILEI0, MH "IKANW$
DE 'H= MH KALW$ TRAFEN 'AGRIWTATON, "OPOSA FUEI0 GH. "WN
"ENEKA 'OU DEUTERON 'OUDE PARERGON DEI THN PAIDWN TROFHN TON
NOMOQETHN 'EA*N GIGNESQAI, PRWTON DE 'ARXASQAI CREWN TON
MELLONTA 'AUTWN 'EPIMELHSESQAI KALW$ "AIREQHNAI, TWN 'EN THI
POLEI "O$4 'AN4 'ARISTO$ 'EI$ PANTA 'HI, TOUTON KATA DUNAMIN "OTI2
<P 766B>
MALISTA 'AUTOI$ KAQISTANTA PROSTATTEIN 'EPIMELHTHN. "AI
PASAI TOINUN 'ARCAI PLHN BOULH$ KAI PRUTANEWN 'EI$ TO TOU*
'APOLLWNO$ "IERON 'ELQOUSAI FERONTWN2 YHFON KRUBDHN, TWN
NOMOFULAKWN "ONTIN' 'AN4 "EKASTO$ "HGHTAI KALLIST' 'AN4 TWN
PERI= PAIDEIAN 'ARXAI0 GENOMENWN; "WI D' 'AN4 PLEISTAI YHFOI
SUMBWSIN, DOKIMASQEI$ "UPO TWN 'ALLWN 'ARCONTWN0 TWN "ELOMENWN,
PLHN NOMOFULAKWN, 'ARCETW 'ETH PENTE, "EKTWI DE KATA
<P 766C>
'TAUTA 'ALLON 'EPI TAUTHN THN 'ARCHN "AIREISQAI.
'EA=N DE TI$ DHMOSIAN 'ARCHN 'ARCWN 'APOQANHI6 PRIN 'EXHKEIN
'AUTWI THN 'ARCHN PLEION 'H= TRIAKONTA 'EPIDEOMENHN "HMERWN,
TON 'AUTON TROPON 'EPI THN 'ARCHN 'ALLON KAQISTANAI "OI$ 'H*N
TOUTO PROSHKONTW$ MELON. KAI 'EA=N 'ORFANWN 'EPITROPO$
TELEUTHSHI6 TI$, "OI PROSHKONTE$ KAI 'EPIDHMOUNTE$ PRO$ PATRO$
KAI MHTRO$ MECRI 'ANEYIWN PAIDWN 'ALLON KAQISTANTWN4
<P 766D>
'ENTO$ DEKA "HMERWN, 'H= ZHMIOUSQWN "EKASTO$ DRACMHI TH$ "HMERA$,
MECRIPER 'AN4 TOI$ PAISIN KATASTHSWSI TON 'EPITROPON.
PASA DE-DHPOU POLI$ 'APOLI$ 'AN4 GIGNOITO, 'EN "HI DIKASTHRIA
MH KAQESTWTA-'EIH KATA TROPON; 'AFWNO$ D' 'AU DIKASTH$ "HMIN
KAI MH PLEIW TWN 'ANTIDIKWN 'EN TAI$ 'ANAKRISESI FQEGGOMENO$,
KAQAPER 'EN TAI$ DIAITAI$, 'OUK 'AN4 POTE "IKANO$ GENOITO
PERI= THN TWN DIKAIWN KRISIN; "WN "ENEKA 'OUTE POLLOU$ 'ONTA$
"RA\DION 'EU DIKAZEIN 'OUTE 'OLIGOU$ FAULOU$. SAFE$ DE 'AEI TO
<P 766E>
'AMFISBHTOUMENON CREWN GIGNESQAI PAR' "EKATERWN, "O DE
CRONO$ "AMA KAI TO BRADU TO TE POLLAKI$ 'ANAKRINEIN0 PRO$
TO FANERAN GIGNESQAI THN 'AMFISBHTHSIN SUMFORON. "WN
"ENEKA PRWTON MEN 'EI$ GEITONA$ 'IENAI CRH TOU$ 'EPIKALOUNTA$0
'ALLHLOI$ KAI TOU$ FILOU$ TE-KAI SUNEIDOTA$ "OTI2 MALISTA


<P 767A>
TA$ 'AMFISBHTOUMENA$ PRAXEI$, 'EA=N D'-'A=RA MH 'EN TOUTOI$
TI$ "IKANHN KRISIN LAMBANHI5, PRO$ 'ALLO DIKASTHRION 'ITW; TO
DE TRITON, 'AN2 TA DUO DIKASTHRIA MH DUNHTAI DIALLAXAI0,
TELO$ 'EPIQETW THI DIKHI.
TROPON DH TINA KAI TWN DIKASTHRIWN "AI KATASTASEI$
'ARCONTWN0 'EISIN "AIRESEI$; PANTA MEN-GAR 'ARCONTA 'ANAGKAION
KAI DIKASTHN 'EINAI TINWN, DIKASTH$ DE 'OUK 'ARCWN KAI TINA
TROPON 'ARCWN 'OU PANU FAULO$ GIGNETAI THN TO=Q' "HMERAN
"HIPER 'AN4 KRINWN0 THN DIKHN 'APOTELHI5. QENTE$ DH-KAI TOU$
<P 767B>
DIKASTA$ "W$ 'ARCONTA$, LEGWMEN TI=NE$ 'AN4 'EIEN PREPONTE$
KAI TI=NWN 'A=RA DIKASTAI KAI PO=SOI 'EF' "EKASTON. KURIWTATON
MEN-TOINUN 'ESTW DIKASTHRION "OPER 'AN4 'AUTOI "EAUTOI$ 'APOFHNWSIN
"EKASTOI, KOINHI TINA$ "ELOMENOI; DUO DH TWN LOIPWN
'ESTW KRITHRIA, TO MEN "OTAN TI$ TINA 'IDIWTHN 'IDIWTH$, 'EPAITIWMENO$
'ADIKEIN 'AUTON, 'AGWN 'EI$ DIKHN BOULHTAI DIAKRIQHNAI,
TO D' "OPOTAN TO DHMOSION "UPO TINO$ TWN POLITWN "HGHTAI
<P 767C>
TI$ 'ADIKEISQAI KAI BOULHQHI TW*I KOINWI BOHQEIN, LEKTEON "OPOIOI
T' 'EISIN KAI TI=NE$ "OI KRITAI. PRWTON DH DIKASTHRION "HMIN
GIGNESQW KOINON "APASI TOI$ TO TRITON 'AMFISBHTOUSIN4 'IDIWTAI$
PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$, GENOMENON THIDE PHI. PASA$ DH TA$
'ARCA$, "OPOSAI TE KAT' 'ENIAUTON KAI "OPOSAI PLEIW CRONON
'ARCOUSIN0, 'EPEIDAN MELLHI5 NEO$ 'ENIAUTO$ META QERINA$ TROPA$
TW*I 'EPIONTI MHNI GIGNESQAI, TAUTH$ TH$ "HMERA$ THI PROSQEN
PANTA$ CRH TOU$ 'ARCONTA$ SUNELQEIN 'EI$ "EN "IERON KAI TON
<P 767D>
QEON 'OMOSANTA$ "OION 'APARXASQAI PASH$ 'ARCH$ "ENA DIKASTHN,
"O$4 'AN4 'EN 'ARCHI "EKASTHI 'ARISTO$ TE 'EINAI DOXHI6 KAI 'ARIST' 'AN4
KAI "OSIWTATA TA$ DIKA$ TOI$ POLITAI$ 'AUTWI TON 'EPIONTA 'ENIAUTON
FAINHTAI DIAKRINEIN0. TOUTWN DE "AIREQENTWN5 GIGNESQAI
MEN DOKIMASIAN 'EN TOI$ "ELOMENOI$ 'AUTOI$, 'EA=N DE 'APODOKIMASQHI
TI$, "ETERON 'ANQAIREISQAI KATA 'TAUTA TOU$ DE DOKIMASQENTA$
DIKAZEIN MEN TOI$ 'TALLA DIKASTHRIA FUGOUSI, THN
DE YHFON FANERAN FEREIN; 'EPHKOOU$ D' 'EINAI KAI QEATA$
<P 767E>
TOUTWN TWN DIKWN 'EX 'ANAGKH$ MEN BOULEUTA$ KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$
'ARCONTA$ TOU$ "ELOMENOU$ 'AUTOU$, TWN DE 'ALLWN TON BOULOMENON.
'EA=N DE TI$ 'EPAITIATAI2 TINA "EKONTA 'ADIKW$ KRINAI0
THN DIKHN, 'EI$ TOU$ NOMOFULAKA$ 'IWN KATHGOREITW; "O DE
'OFLWN THN TOIAUTHN DIKHN "UPECETW MEN TOU* BLABOU$ TW*I
BLAFQENTI TO "HMISU TINEIN, 'EA=N DE MEIZONO$ 'AXIO$ 'EINAI DOXHI6
ZHMIA$, PROSTIMAN TOU$ KRINANTA$ THN DIKHN "OTI2 CRH PRO$
TOUTWI PAQEIN 'AUTON 'H= 'APOTINEIN TW*I KOINWI KAI TW*I THN DIKHN
DIKASAMENWI. PERI= DE TWN DHMOSIWN 'EGKLHMATWN 'ANAGKAION


<P 768A>
PRWTON MEN TW*I PLHQEI METADIDONAI TH$ KRISEW$ % "OI GAR
'ADIKOUMENOI PANTE$ 'EISIN, "OPOTAN TI$ THN POLIN 'ADIKHI5, KAI
CALEPW$ 'AN4 'EN DIKHI FEROIEN 'AMOIROI GIGNOMENOI TWN TOIOUTWN
DIAKRISEWN % 'ALL' 'ARCHN TE 'EINAI CRH TH$ TOIAUTH$ DIKH$ KAI
TELEUTHN 'EI$ TON DHMON 'APODIDOMENHN, THN DE BASANON 'EN
TAI$ MEGISTAI$ 'ARCAI$ TRISIN, "A$ 'AN4 "O TE FEUGWN KAI "O
DIWKWN SUNOMOLOGHTON; 'EA=N DE MH DUNHSQON KOINWNHSAI0 TH$
"OMOLOGIA$ 'AUTOI, THN BOULHN 'EPIKRINEIN0 'AUTWN THN "AIRESIN
<P 768B>
"EKATEROU. DEI DE-DH-KAI TWN 'IDIWN DIKWN KOINWNEIN KATA
DUNAMIN "APANTA$; "O GAR 'AKOINWNHTO$ 'WN 'EXOUSIA$ TOU* SUNDIKAZEIN
"HGEITAI TO PARAPAN TH$ POLEW$ 'OU METOCO$ 'EINAI.
DIA= TAUT' 'OUN-DH-KAI KATA FULA$ 'ANAGKAION DIKASTHRIA TE
GIGNESQAI KAI KLHRWI DIKASTA$ 'EK TOU* PARACRHMA 'ADIAFQOROU$
TAI$ DEHSESI DIKAZEIN, TO DE TELO$ KRINEIN0 PANTWN TWN
TOIOUTWN 'EKEINO TO DIKASTHRION, "O= FAMEN 'EI$ GE 'ANQRWPINHN
DUNAMIN "W$ "OION-TE 'ADIAFQORWTATA PARESKEUASQAI TOI$ MH
<P 768C>
DUNAMENOI$ MHTE 'EN TOI$ GEITOSI MHTE 'EN TOI$ FULETIKOI$
DIKASTHRIOI$ 'APALLATTESQAI.
NU*N DH PERI= MEN DIKASTHRIA "HMIN % "A DH FAMEN 'OUQ' "W$
'ARCA$ 'OUTE "W$ MH "RA\DION 'EIPONTA 'ANAMFISBHTHTW$ 'EIRHKENAI %
PERI= MEN TAUTA "OION PERIGRAFH TI$ 'EXWQEN PERIGEGRAMMENH
TA MEN 'EIRHKEN0, TA D' 'APOLEIPEI0 SCEDON; PRO$
GAR TELEI NOMOQESIA$ "H DIKWN 'AKRIBH$ NOMWN QESI$ "AMA KAI
DIAIRESI$ 'ORQOTATA GIGNOIT' 'AN4 MAKRWI. TAUTAI$ MEN-'OUN
<P 768D>
'EIRHSQW PRO$ TW*I TELEI PERIMENEIN0 "HMA$, "AI DE PERI= TA$
'ALLA$ 'ARCA$ KATASTASEI$ SCEDON THN PLEISTHN 'EILHFASIN
NOMOQESIAN; TO DE "OLON KAI 'AKRIBE$ PERI= "ENO$ TE-KAI PANTWN
TWN KATA POLIN KAI POLITIKHN PASAN DIOIKHSEWN 'OUK 'ESTIN2
GENESQAI SAFE$, PRIN 'AN4 "H DIEXODO$ 'AP' 'ARCH$ TA TE DEU=TERA
KAI TA MESA KAI PANTA MERH TA "EAUTH$ 'APOLABOUSA PRO$
TELO$ 'AFIKHTAI. NU*N MHN 'EN TW*I PARONTI MECRI TH$ TWN
<P 768E>
'ARCONTWN0 "AIRESEW$ GENOMENH$ TELEUTH MEN TWN 'EMPROSQEN
"AU=TH GIGNOIT' 'AN4 "IKANH, NOMWN DE QESEW$ 'ARCH KAI 'ANABOLWN
"AMA KAI 'OKNWN 'OUDEN 'ETI DEOMENH.
KL _ PANTW$ MOI KATA NOUN, 'W* XENE, TA 'EMPROSQEN 'EIRHKW$
THN 'ARCHN NU*N TELEUTHI PROSAYA$ PERI= TWN TE 'EIRHMENWN
KAI TWN MELLONTWN0 "RHQHSESQAI, TAUTA 'ETI MALLON 'EKEINWN
'EIRHKA$ FILIW$.


<P 769A>
AQ _ KALW$ TOINUN 'AN4 "HMIN "H PRESBUTWN 'EMFRWN PAIDIA
MECRI DEUR' 'EIH TA NU*N DIAPEPAISMENH.
KL _ KALHN THN SPOUDHN 'EOIKA$ DHLOUN0 TWN 'ANDRWN.
AQ _ 'EIKO$ GE; TODE D' 'ENNOHSWMEN 'EI SOI4 DOKEI0 KAQAPER
'EMOI4.
KL _ TO POI*ON DH-KAI PERI= TI=NWN:
AQ _ 'OISQ' "OTI4 KAQAPER ZWGRAFWN 'OUDEN PERA$ 'ECEIN "H
PRAGMATEIA DOKEI0 PERI= "EKASTWN TWN ZWIWN, 'ALL' 'H= TOU* CRAINEIN
'H= 'APOCRAINEIN, 'H= "OTIDHPOTE KALOUSI0 TO TOIOUTON "OI
<P 769B>
ZWGRAFWN PAIDE$, 'OUK 'AN4 POTE DOKEI0 PAUSASQAI KOSMOUSA,
"WSTE 'EPIDOSIN MHKET' 'ECEIN 'EI$ TO KALLIW TE-KAI FANERW=TERA
GIGNESQAI TA GEGRAMMENA.
KL _ SCEDON 'ENNOW0 'AKOUWN KAI 'AUTO$ TAUTA "A LEGEI$,
'EPEI 'ENTRIBH$ GE 'OUDAMW$ GEGONA THI TOIAUTHI TECNHI.
AQ _ KAI 'OUDEN GE 'EBLABH$. CRHSWMEQA GE-MHN TW*I NU*N
PARATUCONTI PERI= 'AUTH$ "HMIN LOGWI TO TOIONDE, "W$ 'EI POTE
<P 769C>
TI$ 'EPINOHSEIE GRAYAI0 TE "W$ KALLISTON ZWION KAI TOUT' 'AU
MHDEPOTE 'EPI FAULOTERON 'ALL' 'EPI TO BELTION 'ISCEIN TOU*
'EPIONTO$ 'AEI CRONOU, SUNNOEI$ "OTI4 QNHTO$ 'WN, 'EI MH TINA
KATALEIYEI2 DIADOCON TOU* 'EPANORQOUN0 TE, 'EA=N TI SFALLHTAI
TO ZWION "UPO CRONWN, KAI TO PARALEIFQEN "UPO TH$ 'ASQENEIA$
TH$ "EAUTOU PRO$ THN TECNHN "OIO$-TE 'EI$ TO PROSQEN 'ESTAI
FAIDRUNWN0 POIEIN 'EPIDIDONAI, SMIKRON TINA CRONON 'AUTWI
PONO$ PARAMENEI2 PAMPOLU$:
KL _ 'ALHQH.
<P 769D>
AQ _ TI= 'OUN: 'A*R' 'OU TOIOUTON DOKEI0 SOI4 TO TOU* NOMOQETOU
BOULHM' 'EINAI: PRWTON MEN GRAYAI0 TOU$ NOMOU$ PRO$ THN
'AKRIBEIAN KATA DUNAMIN "IKANW$; 'EPEITA PROIONTO$ TOU* CRONOU
KAI TWN DOXANTWN0 'ERGWI PEIRWMENON, 'A*R' 'OIEI TINA "OUTW$
'AFRONA GEGONENAI NOMOQETHN, "WST' 'AGNOEIN "OTI4 PAMPOLLA
'ANAGKH PARALEIPESQAI TOIAUTA, "A DEI TINA SUNEPOMENON
'EPANORQOUN0, "INA MHDAMHI CEIRWN, BELTIWN DE "H POLITEIA
<P 769E>
KAI "O KOSMO$ 'AEI GIGNHTAI PERI= THN 'WIKISMENHN 'AUTWI
POLIN:
KL _ 'EIKO$ % PW*$ GAR 'OU=: BOULESQAI PANTA "ONTINOUN TO
TOIOUTON.
AQ _ 'OUKOU*N 'EI TI$ TINA MHCANHN 'ECOI PRO$ TOUTO, 'ERGWI
KAI LOGOI$ TI=NA TROPON DIDAXEIEN 'AN4 "ETERON 'EI=TE MEIZONA
'EI=TE 'ELATTW PERI= TOUT' 'ECEIN 'ENNOIAN, "OPW$ CRH FULATTEIN KAI
'EPANORQOUN0 NOMOU$, 'OUK 'AN4 POTE LEGWN 'APEIPOI TO TOIOUTON
PRIN 'EPI TELO$ 'ELQEIN:


<P 770A>
KL _ PW*$ GAR 'AN4:
AQ _ 'OUKOU*N 'EN TW*I NU*N PARONTI POIHTEON 'EMOI4 KAI SFWIN
TOUTO:
KL _ TO POI*ON DH LEGEI$:
AQ _ 'EPEIDH NOMOQETEIN MEN MELLOMEN, "HIRHNTAI DE "HMIN
NOMOFULAKE$, "HMEI$ D' 'EN DUSMAI$1 TOU* BIOU1, "OI D' "W$ PRO$
"HMA$ NEOI, "AMA MEN, "W$ FAMEN, DEI NOMOQETEIN "HMA$, "AMA
DE PEIRASQAI POIEIN KAI TOUTOU$ 'AUTOU$ NOMOQETA$ TE-KAI
NOMOFULAKA$ 'EI$ TO DUNATON.
<P 770B>
KL _ TI= MHN: 'EIPER "OI*OI-TE G' 'ESMEN "IKANW$.
AQ _ 'ALL'-'OUN PEIRATEA GE-KAI PROQUMHTEA.
KL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ _ LEGWMEN DH PRO$ 'AUTOU$; 'W* FILOI SWTHRE$ NOMWN,
"HMEI$ PERI= "EKASTWN "WN TIQEMEN TOU$ NOMOU$ PAMPOLLA PARALEIYOMEN %
'ANAGKH GAR % 'OU-MHN-'ALL' "OSA GE MH SMIKRA KAI
TO "OLON 'EI$ DUNAMIN 'OUK 'ANHSOMEN 'APERIHGHTON KAQAPER TINI
PERIGRAFHI; TOUTO DE DEHSEI2 SUMPLHROUN0 "UMA$ TO PERIHGHQEN.
<P 770C>
"OPOI DE BLEPONTE$ DRASETE4 TO TOIOUTON, 'AKOUEIN CRH. MEGILLO$
MEN-GAR-KAI 'EGW KAI KLEINIA$ 'EIRHKAMEN TE 'AUTA
'ALLHLOI$ 'OUK 'OLIGAKI$, "OMOLOGOUMEN TE LEGESQAI KALW$;
"UMA$ DE "HMIN BOULOMEQA SUGGNWMONA$ TE "AMA KAI MAQHTA$
GIGNESQAI, BLEPONTA$ PRO$ TAUTA 'EI$ "APER "HMEI$ SUNECWRHSAMEN
'ALLHLOI$ TON NOMOFULAKA TE-KAI NOMOQETHN DEIN
BLEPEIN. 'H*N DE "H SUGCWRHSI$ "EN 'ECOUSA KEFALAION, "OPW$
<P 770D>
POTE 'ANHR 'AGAQO$ GIGNOIT' 'AN4 THN 'ANQRWPWI PROSHKOUSAN
'ARETHN TH$ YUCH$ 'ECWN 'EK TINO$ 'EPITHDEUMATO$ 'H= TINO$
'HQOU$ 'H= POIA*$ KTHSEW$ 'H= 'EPIQUMIA$ 'H= DOXH$ 'H= MAQHMATWN
POTE TINWN, 'EI=TE 'ARRHN TI$ TWN SUNOIKOUNTWN0 'OUSA "H FUSI$
'EI=TE QHLEIA, NEWN 'H= GERONTWN, "OPW$ 'EI$ 'TAUTON TOUTO "O= LEGOMEN
TETAMENH SPOUDH PASA 'ESTAI DIA= PANTO$ TOU* BIOU,
TWN D' 'ALLWN "OPOSA 'EMPO=DIA TOUTOI$ MHDEN PROTIMWN FANEITAI
<P 770E>
MHD' "OSTISOUN, TELEUTWN DE-KAI POLEW$, 'EA=N 'ANASTATON
'ANAGKH FAINHTAI GIGNESQAI PRIN 'EQELEIN DOULEION "UPOMEINASA
ZUGON 'ARCESQAI "UPO CEIRONWN, 'H= LEIPEIN FUGHI THN
POLIN; "W$ PANTA TA TOIAUTA 'A=R' 'ESQ' "UPOMENETEON PASCONTA$
PRIN 'ALLAXASQAI POLITEIAN "H=4 CEIROU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ PEFUKE0
POIEIN. TAUTA "HMEI$ TE 'EMPROSQEN SUNWMOLOGHSAMEQA, KAI
NU*N "UMEI$ "HMWN 'EI$ TAUTA "EKA=TERA BLEPONTE$ 'EPAINEITE3 KAI


<P 771A>
YEGETE3 TOU$ NOMOU$ "OSOI MH TAUTA DUNATOI, TOU$ DE DUNATOU$
'ASPAZESQE2 TE-KAI FILOFRONW$ DECOMENOI ZHTE3 'EN 'AUTOI$; TA
D' 'A=LLA 'EPITHDEUMATA KAI PRO$ 'A=LLA TEINONTA TWN 'AGAQWN
LEGOMENWN CAIREIN CRH PROSAGOREUEIN.
'ARCH DE 'ESTW TWN META TAUTA "HMIN NOMWN "HDE TI$, 'AF'
"IERWN 'HRGMENH. TON 'ARIQMON GAR-DH DEI PRWTON 'ANALABEIN
"HMA$ TON TWN PENTAKISCILIWN KAI TETTARAKONTA, "OSA$ 'EICEN
<P 771B>
TE-KAI 'ECEI0 TOMA$ PROSFOROU$ "O TE "OLO$ "AMA KAI "O KATA
FULA$, "O= DH TOU* PANTO$ 'EQEMEN DWDEKATHMORION, "EN KAI 'EIKOSIN
'EIKOSAKI$ 'ORQOTATA FUN. 'ECEI0 DE DIANOMA$ DWDEKA MEN "O PA$
'ARIQMO$ "HMIN, DWDEKA DE-KAI "O TH$ FULH$; "EKASTHN DH THN
MOIRAN DIANOEISQAI CREWN "W$ 'OUSAN "IERAN, QEOU DWRON, "EPOMENHN
TOI$ MHSIN KAI THI TOU* PANTO$ PERIODWI. DIO KAI PASAN
POLIN 'AGEI0 MEN TO SUMFUTON "IEROUN2 'AUTA$, 'ALLOI DE 'ALLWN
'ISW$ 'ORQOTERON 'ENEIMANTO TE-KAI 'EUTUCESTERON 'EQEIWSAN THN
<P 771C>
DIANOMHN; "HMEI$ DE-'OUN NU*N FAMEN 'ORQOTATA PROHIRHSQAI TON
TWN PENTAKISCILIWN KAI TETTARAKONTA 'ARIQMON, "O$4 PASA$
TA$ DIANOMA$ 'ECEI0 MECRI TWN DWDEKA 'APO MIA$ 'ARXAMENO$
PLHN "ENDEKADO$ % "AU=TH D' 'ECEI0 SMIKROTATON 'IAMA; 'EPI QATERA
GAR "UGIH$ GIGNETAI DUOIN "ESTIAIN 'APONEMHQEISAIN % "W$ D'
'ESTIN TAUTA 'ALHQW$ 'ONTA, KATA SCOLHN 'OUK 'AN4 POLU$ 'EPIDEIXEIEN
MUQO$. PISTEUSANTE$ DH TA NU*N THI PAROUSHI FHMHI
<P 771D>
KAI LOGWI, NEIMWMEN TE TAUTHN, KAI "EKASTHI MOIRA\ QEON 'H= QEWN
PAIDA 'EPIFHMISANTE$, BWMOU$ TE-KAI TA TOUTOI$ PROSHKONTA
'APODONTE$, QUSIWN PE=RI SUNODOU$ 'EP' 'AUTOI$ POIWMEQA DUO
TOU* MHNO$, DWDEKA MEN THI TH$ FULH$ DIANOMHI, DWDEKA DE
'AUTWI TW*I TH$ POLEW$ DIAMERISMWI, QEWN MEN-DH PRWTON CARITO$
"ENEKA KAI TWN PERI= QEOU$, DEUTERON DE "HMWN-'AUTWN 'OIKEIOTHTO$
TE PE=RI KAI GNWRISEW$ 'ALLHLWN, "W$ FAIMEN 'AN4, KAI
<P 771E>
"OMILIA$ "ENEKA PASH$. PRO$ GAR-DH THN TWN GAMWN KOINWNIAN
KAI SUMMEIXIN 'ANAGKAIW$ 'ECEI0 THN 'AGNOIAN 'EXAIREIN
PAR' "WN TE TI$ 'AGETAI KAI "A KAI "OI$ 'EKDIDWSI0, PERI= PANTO$
POIOUMENON "OTI2 MALISTA TO MH SFALLESQAI MHDAMW$ 'EN TOI$
TOIOUTOI$ KATA TO DUNATON. TH$ 'OUN TOIAUTH$ SPOUDH$ "ENEKA
CRH KAI TA$ PAIDIA$ POIEISQAI COREUONTA$ TE-KAI COREUOUSA$


<P 772A>
KOROU$ KAI KORA$, KAI "AMA DH QEWROUNTA$ TE-KAI QEWROUMENOU$
META LOGOU TE-KAI "HLIKIA$ TINO$ 'ECOUSH$ 'EIKUIA$
PROFASEI$, GUMNOU$ KAI GUMNA$ MECRIPER 'AIDOU$ SWFRONO$
"EKASTWN. TOUTWN D' 'EPIMELHTA$ PANTWN KAI KOSMHTA$ TOU$
TWN CORWN 'ARCONTA$ GIGNESQAI KAI NOMOQETA$ META TWN
NOMOFULAKWN, "OSON 'AN4 "HMEI$ 'EKLEIPWMEN TATTONTE$; 'ANAGKAION
DE, "OPER 'EIPOMEN, PERI= TA TOIAUTA PANTA "OSA SMIKRA
<P 772B>
KAI POLLA NOMOQETHN MEN 'EKLEIPEIN, TOU$ D' 'EMPEIROU$ 'AEI
KAT' 'ENIAUTON GIGNOMENOU$ 'AUTWN, 'APO TH$ CREIA$ MANQANONTA$,
TATTESQAI KAI 'EPANORQOUMENOU$ KINEIN KAT' 'ENIAUTON, "EW$ 'AN4
"ORO$ "IKANO$ DOXHI6 TWN TOIOUTWN NOMIMWN KAI 'EPITHDEUMATWN
GEGONENAI. CRONO$ MEN-'OUN METRIO$ "AMA KAI "IKANO$ GIGNOIT'
'AN4 TH$ 'EMPEIRIA$ DEKAETHRI$ QUSIWN TE-KAI COREIWN, 'EPI
PANTA KAI "EKASTA TACQEI$, ZWNTO$ MEN TOU* TAXANTO$ NOMOQETOU
<P 772C>
KOINHI, TELO$ DE SCONTO$, 'AUTA$ "EKASTA$ TA$ 'ARCA$
'EI$ TOU$ NOMOFULAKA$ 'EISFEROUSA$ TO PARALEIPOMENON TH$
"AUTWN 'ARCH$ 'EPANORQOUSQAI, MECRIPER 'AN4 TELO$ 'ECEIN "EKASTON
DOXHI6 TOU* KALW$ 'EXEIRGASQAI, TO=TE DE 'AKINHTA QEMENOU$, 'HDH
CRHSQAI META TWN 'ALLWN NOMWN "OU$ 'ETAXE KAT' 'ARCA$ "O QEI$
'AUTOI$ NOMOQETH$; "WN PE=RI KINEIN MEN "EKONTA$ MHDEPOTE
MHDEN, 'EI DE TI$ 'ANAGKH DOXEIE POTE KATALABEIN, PASA$ MEN
<P 772D>
TA$ 'ARCA$ CRH SUMBOULOU$, PANTA DE TON DHMON KAI PASA$
QEWN MANTEIA$ 'EPELQONTA$, 'EA=N SUMFWNWSI PANTE$, "OUTW
KINEIN, 'ALLW$ DE MHDEPOTE MHDAMW$, 'ALLA= TON KWLUONTA 'AEI
KATA NOMON KRATEIN.
"OPOTE TI$ 'OUN-KAI "OPHNIKA TWN PENTE KAI 'EIKOSI GEGONOTWN
'ETH, SKOPWN KAI SKOPOUMENO$ "UP' 'ALLWN, KATA NOUN "EAUTWI
KAI PREPONTA 'EI$ PAIDWN KOINWNIAN KAI GENESIN 'EXHURHKENAI
<P 772E>
PISTEUEI0, GAMEITW MEN PA$ 'ENTO$ TWN PENTE KAI TRIAKONTA
'ETWN, TO DE PREPON KAI TO "ARMOTTON "W$ CRH ZHTEIN, PRWTON
'EPAKOUSATW; DEI GAR, "W$ FHSIN KLEINIA$, 'EMPROSQEN TOU*
NOMOU PROOIMION 'OIKEION "EKASTWI PROTIQENAI.
KL _ KALLISTA, 'W* XENE, DIEMNHMONEUSA$, 'ELABE$ TE TOU*
LOGOU KAIRON KAI MAL' 'EMOI4 DOKOUNT' 'EINAI SUMMETRON.
AQ _ 'EU LEGEI$. 'W* PAI, TOINUN FWMEN 'AGAQWN PATERWN


<P 773A>
FUNTI, TOU$ PARA TOI$ 'EMFROSIN 'EUDOXOU$ GAMOU$ CRH GAMEIN,
"OI=4 SOI4 PARAINOIEN 'AN4 MH FEUGEIN TON TWN PENHTWN MHDE TON
TWN PLOUSIWN DIWKEIN DIAFERONTW$ GAMON, 'ALL' 'EA=N 'TALLA
'ISAZHI5, TON "UPODEESTERON 'AEI TIMWNTA 'EI$ THN KOINWNIAN
SUNIENAI. THI TE-GAR POLEI SUMFORON 'AN4 'EIH TAUTHI TAI$ TE
SUNIOUSAI$ "ESTIAI$; TO GAR "OMALON KAI SUMMETRON 'AKRATOU
MURION DIAFEREI0 PRO$ 'ARETHN. KOSMIWN TE PATERWN CRH
<P 773B>
PROQUMEISQAI GIGNESQAI KHDESTHN TON "AUTWI SUNEIDOTA 'ITAMWTERON
"AMA KAI QATTON TOU* DEONTO$ PRO$ PASA$ TA$ PRAXEI$
FEROMENON; TON D' 'ENANTIW$ PEFUKOTA 'EPI 'TANANTIA CRH
KHDEUMATA POREUESQAI. KAI KATA PANTO$ "EI$ 'ESTW MUQO$
GAMOU; TON GAR THI POLEI DEI SUMFERONTA MNHSTEUEIN GAMON
"EKASTON, 'OU TON "HDISTON "AUTWI. FERETAI DE PW$ PA$ 'AEI
KATA FUSIN PRO$ TON "OMOIOTATON "AUTWI, "OQEN 'ANWMALO$ "H
<P 773C>
POLI$ "OLH GIGNETAI CRHMASIN TE-KAI TROPWN 'HQESIN; 'EX "WN
"A MH BOULOMEQA SUMBAINEIN "HMIN, KAI MALISTA SUMBAINEI0
TAI$ PLEISTAI$ POLESI. TAUTA DH DIA= LOGOU MEN NOMWI
PROSTATTEIN, MH GAMEIN PLOUSION PLOUSIOU, MHDE POLLA
DUNAMENON PRATTEIN 'ALLOU TOIOUTOU, QATTOU$ DE 'HQESI PRO$
BRADUTEROU$ KAI BRADUTEROU$ PRO$ QATTOU$ 'ANAGKAZEIN THI
TWN GAMWN KOINWNIA\ POREUESQAI PRO$ TW*I GELOI*A 'EINAI QUMON
'AN4 'EGEIRAI4 POLLOI$; 'OU-GAR "RA\DION 'ENNOEIN "OTI4 POLIN 'EINAI
<P 773D>
DEI DIKHN KRATHRO$ KEKRAMENHN, "OU42 MAINOMENO$ MEN 'OINO$
'EGKECUMENO$ ZEI0, KOLAZOMENO$ DE "UPO NHFONTO$ "ETEROU QEOU
KALHN KOINWNIAN LABWN 'AGAQON PWMA KAI METRION 'APERGAZETAI.
TOUT' 'OUN GIGNOMENON 'EN THI TWN PAIDWN MEIXEI DIORAN
"W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN DUNATO$ 'OUDEI$; TOUTWN DH CARIN 'EA*N MEN
NOMWI TA TOIAUTA 'ANAGKAION, 'EPA\DONTA DE PEIQEIN PEIRASQAI
THN TWN PAIDWN "OMALOTHTA 'AUTWN "AUTOI$ TH$ TWN GAMWN
<P 773E>
'ISOTHTO$ 'APLHSTOU CRHMATWN 'OUSH$ PERI= PLEIONO$ "EKASTON
POIEISQAI, KAI DI' 'ONEIDOU$ 'APOTREPEIN TON PERI= TA
CRHMATA 'EN TOI$ GAMOI$ 'ESPOUDAKOTA, 'ALLA= MH GRAPTWI NOMWI
BIAZOMENON.
PERI= GAMWN DH TAUT' 'ESTW PARAMUQIA LEGOMENA, KAI-DH-KAI
TA 'EMPROSQE TOUTWN "RHQENTA, "W$ CRH TH$ 'AEIGENOU$
FUSEW$ 'ANTECESQAI TW*I PAIDA$ PAIDWN KATALEIPONTA 'AEI TW*I


<P 774A>
QEWI "UPHRETA$ 'ANQ' "AUTOU PARADIDONAI. PANTA 'OUN TAUTA
KAI 'ETI PLEIW TI$ 'AN4 'EIPOI PERI= GAMWN, "W$ CRH GAMEIN,
PROOIMIAZOMENO$ 'ORQW$; 'AN2 D'-'A=RA TI$ MH PEIQHTAI "EKWN,
'ALLOTRION DE "AUTON KAI 'AKOINWNHTON 'EN THI POLEI 'ECHI5 KAI
'AGAMO$ 'WN GENHTAI PENTEKAITRIAKONTOUTH$, ZHMIOUSQW KAT'
'ENIAUTON "EKASTON, "O MEGISTON MEN TIMHMA KEKTHMENO$ "EKATON
DRACMAI$, "O DE TO DEUTERON "EBDOMHKONTA, TRITON DE "EXHKONTA,
"O DE TO TETARTON TRIAKONTA. TOUTO D' 'ESTW TH$ "HRA$
<P 774B>
"IERON. "O DE MH 'EKTINWN KAT' 'ENIAUTON DEKAPLASION 'OFEILETW;
PRATTESQW DE "O TAMIA$ TH$ QEOU, MH 'EKPRAXA$ DE 'AUTO$
'OFEILETW KAI 'EN TAI$ 'EUQUNAI$ TOU* TOIOUTOU LOGON "UPECETW
PA$. 'EI$ MEN-'OUN CRHMATA "O MH 'QELWN GAMEIN TAUTA
ZHMIOUSQW, TIMH$ DE PARA TWN NEWTERWN 'ATIMO$ PASH$
'ESTW, KAI MHDEI$ "UPAKOUETW MHDEN 'AUTWI "EKWN TWN NEWN; 'EA=N
DE KOLAZEIN TINA 'EPICEIRHI5, PA$ TW*I 'ADIKOUMENWI BOHQEITW KAI
<P 774C>
'AMUNETW, MH BOHQWN DE "O PARAGENOMENO$ DEILO$ TE "AMA
KAI KAKO$ "UPO TOU* NOMOU POLITH$ 'EINAI LEGESQW.
PERI= DE PROIKO$ 'EIRHTAI MEN-KAI PROTERON, 'EIRHSQW DE
PALIN "W$ 'ISA 'ANTI 'ISWN 'ESTIN TO MHTE LAMBANONTI MHT'
'EKDIDONTI DIA= CRHMATWN 'APORIAN GHRASKEIN TOU$ PENHTA$; TA
GAR 'ANAGKAI*A "UPARCONTA 'ESTI PASI TWN 'EN TAUTHI THI POLEI,
"UBRI$ DE "HTTON GUNAIXI KAI DOULEIA TAPEINH KAI 'ANELEUQERO$
<P 774D>
DIA= CRHMATA TOI$ GHMASI GIGNOITO 'AN4. KAI "O MEN PEIQOMENO$
"EN TWN KALWN DRWIH TOUT' 'AN4; "O DE MH PEIQOMENO$ 'H= DIDOU$ 'H=
LAMBANWN PLEON 'H= PENTHKONTA 'A=XIA DRACMWN 'ESQHTO$ CARIN,
"O DE MNA$, "O DE TRIWN "HMIMNAIWN, "O DE DUOIN MNAIN, "O TO
MEGISTON TIMHMA KEKTHMENO$, 'OFEILETW MEN TW*I DHMOSIWI
TOSOUTON "ETERON, TO DE DOQEN 'H= LHFQEN "IERON 'ESTW TH$
"HRA$ TE-KAI TOU* DIO$, PRATTONTWN2 DE "OI TAMIAI TOUTOIN
<P 774E>
TOIN QEOIN, KAQAPER 'ERRHQH TWN MH GAMOUNTWN0 PE=RI TOU$
TAMIA$ 'EKPRATTEIN "EKASTOTE TOU$ TH$ "HRA$ 'H= PAR' "AUTWN
"EKASTOU$ THN ZHMIAN 'EKTINEIN.
'EGGUHN DE 'EINAI KURIAN PATRO$ MEN PRWTON, DEUTERAN
PAPPOU, TRITHN DE 'ADELFWN "OMOPATRIWN, 'EA=N DE-MHDE "EI$ 'HI
TOUTWN, THN PRO$ MHTRO$ META TOUTO 'EINAI KURIAN "WSAUTW$;
'EA=N D'-'A=RA TUCH TI$ 'AHQH$ SUMBAINHI5, TOU$ 'EGGUTATA GENOU$
'AEI KURIOU$ 'EINAI META TWN 'EPITROPWN.
"OSA DE PROTE=LEIA GAMWN 'H= TI$ 'ALLH PERI= TA TOIAUTA


<P 775A>
"IEROURGIA MELLONTWN0 'H= GIGNOMENWN 'H= GEGONOTWN PROSHKOUSA
'ESTIN TELEISQAI0, TOU$ 'EXHGHTA$ 'ERWTWNTA CRH KAI PEIQOMENON
'EKEINOI$ "EKASTON "HGEISQAI PANTA "EAUTWI METRIW$ GIGNESQAI.
PERI= DE TWN "ESTIASEWN, FILOU$ MEN CRH KAI FILA$
MH PLEIOU$ PENTE "EKATERWN SUGKALEIN0, SUGGENWN DE-KAI
'OIKEIWN "WSAUTW$ TOSOUTOU$ 'ALLOU$ "EKATERWN; 'ANALWMA DE
MH GIGNESQAI PLEON 'H= KATA THN 'OUSIAN MHDENI, TW*I MEN 'EI$
CRHMATA MEGISTWI MNAN, TW*I D' "HMISU TOU* TOSOUTOU, TW*I D'
<P 775B>
'EFEXH$ "OUTW, KAQAPER "UPOBEBHKEN0 "EKASTWI TO TIMHMA. KAI TON
MEN PEIQOMENON TW*I NOMWI 'EPAINEIN CRH PANTA$, TON DE 'APEIQOUNTA
KOLAZONTWN2 "OI NOMOFULAKE$ "W$ 'APEIROKALON TE 'ONTA
KAI 'APAIDEUTON TWN PERI= TA$ NUMFIKA$ MOUSA$ NOMWN. PINEIN
DE 'EI$ MEQHN 'OUTE 'ALLOQI POU PREPEI0, PLHN 'EN TAI$ TOU* TON
'OINON DONTO$ QEOU "EORTAI$, 'OUD' 'ASFALE$, 'OUT'-'OUN-DH PERI=
GAMOU$ 'ESPOUDAKOTA, 'EN "OI$ 'EMFRONA MALISTA 'EINAI PREPEI0
<P 775C>
NUMFHN KAI NUMFION METABOLHN 'OU SMIKRAN BIOU METALLATTONTA$,
"AMA DE-KAI TO GENNWMENON "OPW$ "OTI2 MALISTA 'EX
'EMFRONWN 'AEI GIGNHTAI; SCEDON GAR 'ADHLON "OPOI=A NUX 'H=
FW$ 'AUTO GENNHSEI2 META QEOU. KAI PRO$ TOUTOI$ DEI MH TWN
SWMATWN DIAKECUMENWN "UPO MEQH$ GIGNESQAI THN PAIDOURGIAN,
'ALL' 'EUPAGE$ 'APLANE$ "HSUCAION TE 'EN MOIRA\ SUNISTASQAI
TO FUOMENON. "O DE DIWINWMENO$ 'AUTO$ TE FERETAI PANTHI KAI
<P 775D>
FEREI0, LUTTWN KATA TE SWMA KAI YUCHN; SPEIREIN 'OUN PARAFORO$
"AMA KAI KAKO$ "O MEQUWN, "WST' 'ANWMALA KAI 'APISTA
KAI 'OUDEN 'EUQUPORON 'HQO$ 'OUDE SWMA 'EK TWN 'EIKOTWN GENNWIH
POT' 'AN4. DIO MALLON MEN "OLON TON 'ENIAUTON KAI BION CRH,
MALISTA DE "OPOSON 'AN4 GENNA*I2 CRONON, 'EULABEISQAI KAI MH
PRATTEIN MHTE "OSA NOSWDH "EKONTA 'EINAI MHTE "OSA "UBREW$ 'H=
'ADIKIA$ 'ECOMENA % 'EI$ GAR TA$ TWN GENNWMENWN YUCA$ KAI
SWMATA 'ANAGKAION 'EXOMORGNUMENON 'EKTUPOUSQAI KAI TIKTEIN
<P 775E>
PANTHI FAULO=TERA % DIAFERONTW$ DE 'EKEINHN THN "HMERAN KAI
NUKTA 'APECESQAI TWN PERI= TA TOIAUTA; 'ARCH GAR-KAI QEO$ 'EN
'ANQRWPOI$ "IDRUMENH SWIZEI0 PANTA, TIMH$ 'EA=N TH$ PROSHKOUSH$
'AUTHI PAR' "EKASTOU TWN CRWMENWN LAGCANHI5.
NOMISANTA D' 'EINAI CRH TON GAMOUNTA TAIN 'OIKIAIN TAIN 'EN


<P 776A>
TW*I KLHRWI THN "ETERAN "OION NEOTTWN 'EGGENNHSIN KAI TROFHN,
CWRISQENTA 'APO PATRO$ KAI MHTRO$ TON GAMON 'EKEI POIEISQAI
KAI THN 'OIKHSIN KAI THN TROFHN "AUTOU KAI TWN TEKNWN. 'EN
GAR TAI$ FILIAI$ 'EA=N MEN POQO$ 'ENHI5 TI$, KOLLA*I0 KAI SUNDEI0
PANTA 'HQH; KATAKORH$ DE SUNOUSIA KAI OUK 'ISCOUSA TON
DIA= CRONOU POQON 'APORREIN 'ALLHLWN POIEI0 "UPERBOLAI$
PLHSMONH$. "WN DH CARIN MHTRI KAI PATRI KAI TOI$ TH$
GUNAIKO$ 'OIKEIOI$ PARENTA$ CRH TA$ "AUTWN 'OIKHSEI$, "OION
<P 776B>
'EI$ 'APOIKIAN 'AFIKOMENOU$, 'AUTOU$ 'EPISKOPOUNTA$ TE "AMA
KAI 'EPISKOPOUMENOU$ 'OIKEIN, GENNWNTA$ TE-KAI 'EKTREFONTA$
PAIDA$, KAQAPER LAMPADA TON BION PARADIDONTA$ 'ALLOI$ 'EX
'ALLWN, QERAPEUONTA$ 'AEI QEOU$ KATA NOMOU$.
KTHMATA DE TO META TOUTO POI*A 'AN4 TI$ KEKTHMENO$ 'EMMELESTATHN
'OUSIAN KEKTHITO: TA MEN-'OUN POLLA 'OUTE NOHSAI0
CALEPON 'OUTE KTHSASQAI, TA DE-DH TWN 'OIKETWN CALEPA
<P 776C>
PANTHI. TO D' 'AITION, 'OUK 'ORQW$ PW$ KAI TINA TROPON 'ORQW$
PERI= 'AUTWN LEGOMEN; 'ENANTIA GAR TAI$ CREIAI$, KAI KATA TA$
CREIA$ 'AU, POIOUMEQA PERI= DOULWN KAI TA LEGOMENA.
ME _ PW*$ D' 'AU TOUTO LEGOMEN: 'OU-GAR PW MANQANOMEN,
'W* XENE, "OTI2 TA NU*N FRAZEI$.
AQ _ KAI MALA GE, 'W* MEGILLE, 'EIKOTW$; SCEDON GAR
PANTWN TWN "ELLHNWN "H LAKEDAIMONIWN "EILWTEIA PLEISTHN
'APORIAN PARASCOIT' 'AN4 KAI 'ERIN TOI$ MEN "W$ 'EU, TOI$ D' "W$
'OUK 'EU GEGONUIA-'ESTIN % 'ELATTW DE "H TE "HRAKLEWTWN
<P 776D>
DOULEIA TH$ TWN MARIANDUNWN KATADOULWSEW$ 'ERIN 'AN4 'ECOI,
TO QETTALWN T' 'AU PENESTIKON 'EQNO$ % 'EI$ "A KAI PANTA TA
TOIAUTA BLEYANTA$ "HMA$ TI= CRH POIEIN PERI= KTHSEW$ 'OIKETWN:
"O= DH PARIWN TW*I LOGWI 'ETUCON 'EIPWN, KAI SU ME 'EIKOTW$ TI=
POTE FRAZOIMI 'HRWTHSA$, TODE 'ESTIN. 'ISMEN "OTI4 POU PANTE$
'EIPOIMEN 'AN4 "W$ CRH DOULOU$ "W$ 'EUMENESTATOU$ 'EKTHSQAI KAI
'ARISTOU$; POLLOI GAR 'ADELFWN 'HDH DOULOI KAI "UEWN TISIN
KREITTOU$ PRO$ 'ARETHN PASAN GENOMENOI, SESWKASIN DESPOTA$
<P 776E>
KAI KTHMATA TA$ TE 'OIKHSEI$ 'AUTWN "OLA$. TAUTA GAR 'ISMEN
POU PERI= DOULWN LEGOMENA.
ME _ TI= MHN:
AQ _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'TOUNANTION, "W$ "UGIE$ 'OUDEN YUCH$ DOULH$,
'OUDE PISTEUEIN 'OUDEPOT' 'OUDEN TW*I GENEI DEI TON NOUN KEKTHMENON:
"O DE SOFWTATO$ "HMIN TWN POIHTWN KAI 'APEFHNATO,
"UPER TOU* DIO$ 'AGOREUWN, "W$ %


<P 777A>
"HMISU9 GAR9-TE9 NOOU1, FHSIN, 'APAMEIRETAI1 'EURUOPA9 ZEU$9
'ANDRWN1, "OU$ 'AN94 DH KATA9 DOULION9 'HMAR9 "ELHISI9.
TAUTA DH DIALABONTE$ "EKASTOI TOI$ DIANOHMASIN "OI MEN
PISTEUOUSI0 TE 'OUDEN GENEI 'OIKETWN, KATA DE QHRIWN FUSIN
KENTROI$ KAI MASTIXIN 'OU TRI$ MONON 'ALLA= POLLAKI$ 'APERGAZONTAI
DOULA$ TA$ YUCA$ TWN 'OIKETWN; "OI D' 'AU 'TANANTIA
TOUTWN DRWSI0 PANTA.
ME _ TI= MHN:
<P 777B>
KL _ TI= 'OUN-DH CRH POIEIN, TOUTWN, 'W* XENE, DIAFEROMENWN
"OUTW, PERI= TH$ "HMETERA$ 'AU CWRA$ "HMA$, TH$ TE KTHSEW$ "AMA
KAI KOLASEW$ TWN DOULWN PE=RI:
AQ _ TI= D', 'W* KLEINIA: DHLON "W$ 'EPEIDH DUSKOLON 'ESTI
TO QREMMA 'ANQRWPO$, KAI PRO$ THN 'ANAGKAIAN DIORISIN, TO
DOULON TE 'ERGWI DIORIZESQAI KAI 'ELEUQERON KAI DESPOTHN,
'OUDAMW$ 'EUCRHSTON 'EQELEIN 'EINAI TE-KAI GIGNESQAI FAINETAI,
<P 777C>
CALEPON DH TO KTHMA; 'ERGWI GAR POLLAKI$ 'EPIDEDEIKTAI PERI=
TA$ MESSHNIWN SUCNA$ 'EIWQUIA$ 'APOSTASEI$ GIGNESQAI, KAI
PERI= GE TA$ TWN 'EK MIA$ FWNH$ POLLOU$ 'OIKETA$ KTWMENWN
POLEI$, "OSA KAKA SUMBAINEI0, KAI 'ETI TA TWN LEGOMENWN PERIDINWN
TWN PERI= THN 'ITALIAN GIGNOMENWN PANTODAPA KLWPWN
'ERGA TE-KAI PAQHMATA. PRO$ "A TI$ 'AN4 PANTA BLEYA$ DIAPORHSEIE
TI= CRH DRAN PERI= "APANTWN TWN TOIOUTWN. DUO DH
LEIPESQON0 MONW MHCANA, MHTE PATRIWTA$ 'ALLHLWN 'EINAI TOU$
<P 777D>
MELLONTA$ "RA*ION DOULEUSEIN, 'ASUMFWNOU$ TE 'EI$ DUNAMIN "OTI2
MALISTA, TREFEIN D' 'AUTOU$ 'ORQW$, MH MONON 'EKEINWN "ENEKA,
PLEON DE "AUTWN PROTIMWNTA$; "H DE TROFH TWN TOIOUTWN
MHTE TINA "UBRIN "UBRIZEIN 'EI$ TOU$ 'OIKETA$, "HTTON DE, 'EI
DUNATON, 'ADIKEIN 'H= TOU$ 'EX 'ISOU. DIADHLO$ GAR "O FUSEI KAI
MH PLASTW$ SEBWN THN DIKHN, MISWN DE 'ONTW$ TO 'ADIKON, 'EN
TOUTOI$ TWN 'ANQRWPWN 'EN "OI$ 'AUTWI "RA\DION 'ADIKEIN; "O PERI=
TA TWN DOULWN 'OUN 'HQH KAI PRAXEI$ GIGNOMENO$ TI$ 'AMIANTO$
<P 777E>
TOU* TE 'ANOSIOU PE=RI KAI 'ADIKOU, SPEIREIN 'EI$ 'ARETH$ 'EKFUSIN
"IKANWTATO$ 'AN4 'EIH, 'TAUTON D' 'EST'2 'EIPEIN TOUTO 'ORQW$ "AMA
LEGONTA 'EPI TE DESPOTHI KAI TURANNWI KAI PASAN DUNASTEIAN
DUNASTEUONTI PRO$ 'ASQENESTERON "EAUTOU. KOLAZEIN GE-MHN
'EN DIKHI DOULOU$ DEI, KAI MH NOUQETOUNTA$ "W$ 'ELEUQEROU$
QRUPTESQAI POIEIN; THN DE 'OIKETOU PROSRHSIN CRH SCEDON


<P 778A>
'EPITAXIN PASAN GIGNESQAI, MH PROSPAIZONTA$ MHDAMHI MHDAMW$
'OIKETAI$, MHT'-'OUN QHLEIAI$ MHTE 'ARRESIN, "A DH PRO$
DOULOU$ FILOUSI0 POLLOI SFO=DRA 'ANOHTW$ QRUPTONTE$ CALEPWTERON
'APERGAZESQAI TON BION 'EKEINOI$ TE 'ARCESQAI KAI
"EAUTOI$ 'ARCEIN.
KL _ 'ORQW$ LEGEI$.
AQ _ 'OUKOU*N "OTE TI$ 'OIKETAI$ KATESKEUASMENO$ 'EI$ DUNAMIN
'EIH PLHQEI KAI 'EPITHDEIOTHTI PRO$ "EKASTA$ TA$ TWN 'ERGWN
PARABOHQEIA$, TO DH META TOUTO 'OIKHSEI$ CRH DIAGRAFEIN
TW*I LOGWI:
KL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
<P 778B>
AQ _ KAI SUMPASH$ GE "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN 'EOIKEN0 TH$ 'OIKODOMIKH$
PE=RI THN GE-DH NEAN KAI 'AOIKHTON 'EN TW*I PROSQEN POLIN
'EPIMELHTEON 'EINAI, TI=NA TROPON "EKASTA "EXEI2 TOUTWN PERI= TE
"IERA KAI TEICH. GAMWN D' 'H*N 'EMPROSQEN TAUTA, 'W* KLEINIA,
NU*N D' 'EPEIPER LOGWI GIGNETAI, KAI MAL' 'EGCWREI0 TAUTHI
GIGNESQAI TA NU*N; 'ERGWI MHN "OTAN GIGNHTAI, TAUT' 'EMPROSQEN
TWN GAMWN, 'EA=N QEO$ 'EQELHI5, POIHSANTE$, 'EKEINA 'HDH TO=TE 'EPI
<P 778C>
PASIN TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ 'APOTELOUMEN2. NU*N DE MONON "OSON TINA
TUPON 'AUTWN DI' 'OLIGWN 'EPEXELQWMEN.
KL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ TA MEN-TOINUN "IERA PASAN PERIX THN TE 'AGORAN CRH
KATASKEUAZEIN, KAI THN POLIN "OLHN 'EN KUKLWI PRO$ TOI$ "UYHLOI$
TWN TOPWN, 'EUERKEIA$ TE-KAI KAQAROTHTO$ CARIN; PRO$ DE
'AUTOI$ 'OIKHSEI$ TE 'ARCONTWN0 KAI DIKASTHRIWN, 'EN "OI$ TA$
DIKA$ "W$ "IERWTATOI$ 'OUSIN LHYONTAI TE-KAI DWSOUSI2, TA MEN
<P 778D>
"W$ "OSIWN PE=RI TA DE-KAI TOIOUTWN QEWN "IDRUMATA, KAI 'EN
TOUTOI$ DIKASTHRIA, 'EN "OI$ "AI TE TWN FONWN PREPOUSAI DIKAI
GIGNOINT' 'AN4 KAI "OSA QANATWN 'A=XIA 'ADIKHMATA. PERI= DE
TEICWN, 'W* MEGILLE, 'EGWG' 'AN4 THI SPARTHI SUMFEROIMHN TO
KAQEUDEIN 'EA*N 'EN THI GHI KATAKEIMENA TA TEICH KAI MH 'EPANISTANAI,
TWNDE "EINEKA. KALW$ MEN-KAI "O POIHTIKO$ "UPER 'AUTWN
LOGO$ "UMNEITAI, TO CALKA KAI SIDHRA DEIN 'EINAI TA TEICH
<P 778E>
MALLON 'H= GHINA; TO D' "HMETERON 'ETI PRO$ TOUTOI$ GELWT' 'AN4
DIKAIW$ PAMPOLUN 'OFLOI, TO KAT' 'ENIAUTON MEN 'EKPEMPEIN 'EI$
THN CWRAN TOU$ NEOU$, TA MEN SKAYONTA$, TA DE TAFREUSONTA$,
TA DE-KAI DIA= TINWN 'OIKODOMHSEWN 'EIRXONTA$ TOU$
POLEMIOU$, "W$ DH TWN "ORWN TH$ CWRA$ 'OUK 'EASONTA$ 'EPIBAINEIN,
TEICO$ DE PERIBALOIMEQA2, "O= PRWTON MEN PRO$ "UGIEIAN
TAI$ POLESIN 'OUDAMW$ SUMFEREI0, PRO$ DE TINA MALQAKHN "EXIN
TAI$ YUCAI$ TWN 'ENOIKOUNTWN0 'EIWQE0 POIEIN, PROKALOUMENON0


<P 779A>
'EI$ 'AUTO KATAFEUGONTA$ MH 'AMUNESQAI TOU$ POLEMIOU$, MHDE
TW*I FROUREIN 'AEI TINA$ 'EN 'AUTHI NUKTWR KAI MEQ' "HMERAN,
TOUTWI TH$ SWTHRIA$ TUGCANEIN, TEICESI DE-KAI PULAI$ DIANOEISQAI
FRACQENTA$ TE-KAI KAQEUDONTA$ SWTHRIA$ 'ONTW$
"EXEIN MHCANA$, "W$ 'EPI TO MH PONEIN GEGONOTA$, 'AGNOOUNTA$
D' 'AU THN "RA\STWNHN "W$ 'ONTW$ 'ESTIN 'EK TWN PONWN; 'EK
"RA\STWNH$ DE-GE, 'OIMAI, TH$ 'AISCRA$ "OI PONOI KAI "RA\QUMIA$
PEFUKASI GIGNESQAI PALIN. 'ALL' 'EI DH TEICO$ GE TI CREWN
<P 779B>
'ANQRWPOI$ 'EINAI, TA$ 'OIKODOMIA$ CRH TA$ TWN 'IDIWN 'OIKHSEWN
"OUTW$ 'EX 'ARCH$ BALLESQAI, "OPW$ 'AN4 'HI PASA "H POLI$ "EN
TEICO$, "OMALOTHTI TE-KAI "OMOIOTHSIN 'EI$ TA$ "ODOU$ PASWN
TWN 'OIKHSEWN 'ECOUSWN 'EUERKEIAN, 'IDEIN TE 'OUK 'AHDE$ MIA$
'OIKIA$ SCHMA 'ECOUSH$ 'AUTH$, 'EI$ TE THN TH$ FULAKH$
"RA\STWNHN "OLWI KAI PANTI PRO$ SWTHRIAN GIGNOIT' 'AN4 DIAFORO$.
TOUTWN DE, "W$ 'AN4 MENHI5 TA KAT' 'ARCA$ 'OIKODOMHQENTA,
MELEIN MEN MALISTA TOI$ 'ENOIKOUSI4 PREPON 'AN4 'EIH,
<P 779C>
TOU$ DE 'ASTUNOMOU$ 'EPIMELEISQAI KAI PROSANAGKAZONTA$ TON
'OLIGWROUNTA ZHMIOUNTA$, KAI PANTWN DH TWN KATA TO 'ASTU
KAQAROTHTO$ T' 'EPIMELEISQAI, KAI "OPW$ 'IDIWTH$ MHDEI$ MHDEN
TWN TH$ POLEW$ MHTE 'OIKODOMHMASI MHTE-'OUN 'ORUGMASIN
'EPILHYETAI. KAI-DH-KAI "UDATWN TWN 'EK DIO$ 'EUROIA$ TOUTOU$
'EPIMELEISQAI CREWN, KAI "OSA 'ENTO$ POLEW$ 'H= "OPOSA 'EXW
PREPON 'AN4 'OIKEIN 'EIH; TAUTA DE PANTA SUNIDONTE$ TAI$ CREIAI$
<P 779D>
"OI NOMOFULAKE$ 'EPINOMOQETOUNTWN3 KAI TWN 'ALLWN "OPOSA 'AN4
"O NOMO$ 'EKLEIPHI5 DI' 'APORIAN. "OTE DE TAUTA TE-KAI TA PERI=
'AGORAN 'OIKODOMHMATA KAI TA PERI= TA GUMNASIA KAI PANTA
"OSA DIDASKALEIA KATESKEUASMENA PERIMENEI0 TOU$ FOITHTA$
KAI QEATA$ QEATRA, POREUWMEQA 'EPI TA META TOU$ GAMOU$, TH$
NOMOQESIA$ "EXH$ 'ECOMENOI.
KL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ GAMOI MEN-TOINUN "HMIN 'ESTWSAN-GEGONOTE$, 'W*
KLEINIA; DIAITA DE PRO PAIDOGONIA$ 'OUK 'ELATTWN 'ENIAUSIA$
<P 779E>
GIGNOIT' 'AN4 TO META TOUTO, "HN DH TI=NA TROPON CRH ZHN NUMFION
KAI NUMFHN 'EN POLEI DIAFEROUSHI TWN POLLWN 'ESOMENHI % TO
DH TWN NU*N 'EIRHMENWN 'ECOMENON % 'EIPEIN 'OU PANTWN 'EUKOLWTATON,
'ALLA= 'ONTWN0 'OUK 'OLIGWN TWN 'EMPROSQEN TOIOUTWN,
TOUTO 'ETI 'EKEINWN TWN POLLWN DUSCERESTERON 'APODECESQAI
TW*I PLHQEI. TO GE-MHN DOKOUN 'ORQON KAI 'ALHQE$ 'EINAI PANTW$
"RHTEON, 'W* KLEINIA.
KL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.


<P 780A>
AQ _ "OSTI$ DH DIANOEITAI POLESIN 'APOFAINESQAI NOMOU$,
PH*I TA DHMO=SIA KAI KOINA 'AUTOU$ CRH ZHN PRATTONTA$, TWN
DE 'IDIWN "OSON 'ANAGKH MHDE 'OIETAI DEIN, 'EXOUSIAN DE "EKASTOI$
'EINAI THN "HMERAN ZHN "OPW$ 'AN4 'EQELHI5, KAI MH PANTA DIA=
TAXEW$ DEIN GIGNESQAI, PROEMENO$ DE TA 'I=DIA 'ANOMOQETHTA,
"HGEITAI TA GE KOINA KAI DHMO=SIA 'EQELHSEIN 'AUTOU$ ZHN DIA=
NOMWN, 'OUK 'ORQW$ DIANOEITAI. TI=NO$ DH CARIN TAUTA 'EIRHTAI:
TOUDE, "OTI4 FHSOMEN DEIN "HMIN TOU$ NUMFIOU$ MHDEN DIAFERONTW$
<P 780B>
MHDE "HTTON 'EN SUSSITIOI$ THN DIAITAN POIEISQAI
TOU* PRO TWN GAMWN CRONOU GENOMENOU. KAI TOUTO MEN-DH
QAUMASTON 'ON "OTE KAT' 'ARCA$ PRWTON 'EGENETO 'EN TOI$ PAR'
"UMIN TOPOI$, POLEMOU TINO$ 'AUTO, "W$ G' 'EIKO$, NOMOQETHSANTO$
'H= TINO$ "ETEROU THN 'AUTHN DUNAMIN 'ECONTO$ PRAGMATO$
'EN 'OLIGANQRWPIAI$ "UPO POLLH$ 'APORIA$ 'ECOMENOI$, GEUSAMENOI$
DE-KAI 'ANAGKASQEISI CRHSASQAI TOI$ SUSSITIOI$ 'EDOXEN
<P 780C>
MEGA DIAFEREIN 'EI$ SWTHRIAN TO NOMIMON, KAI KATESTH DH
TROPWI TINI TOIOUTWI TO 'EPITHDEUMA "UMIN TO TWN SUSSITIWN.
KL _ 'EOIKE0 GOUN.
AQ _ "O= DH 'ELEGON, "OTI4 QAUMASTON 'ON TOUTO POTE KAI
FOBERON 'EPITAXAI0 TISIN, NU*N 'OUC "OMOIW$ TW*I PROSTATTONTI
DUSCERE$ 'AN4 'EIH NOMOQETEIN 'AUTO; TO D' "EXH$ TOUTWI, PEFUKO$
TE 'ORQW$ 'AN4 GIGNESQAI GIGNOMENON, NU*N TE 'OUDAMHI GIGNOMENON,
'OLIGOU TE POIOUN TON NOMOQETHN, TO TWN PAIZONTWN0, 'EI$ PUR
XAINEIN KAI MURIA "E=TERA TOIAUTA 'ANHNUTA POIOUNTA DRAN, 'OU
<P 780D>
"RA\DION 'OUT' 'EIPEIN 'OUT' 'EIPONTA 'APOTELEIN0.
KL _ TI= DH TOUTO, 'W* XENE, 'EPICEIRWN LEGEIN 'EOIKA$ SFO=DRA
'APOKNEIN:
AQ _ 'AKOUOIT' 'AN4, "INA MH POLLH DIATRIBH GIGNHTAI PERI=
TOUT' 'AUTO MATHN. PAN MEN-GAR, "OTIPER2 'AN4 TAXEW$ KAI NOMOU
METECON 'EN POLEI GIGNHTAI, PANTA 'AGAQA 'APERGAZETAI, TWN
DE 'ATAKTWN 'H= TWN KAKW$ TACQENTWN5 LUEI0 TA POLLA TWN 'EU
TETAGMENWN 'A=LLA "E=TERA. "OU2 DH-KAI NU*N 'EFESTHKEN0 PE=RI
TO LEGOMENON. "UMIN GAR, 'W* KLEINIA KAI MEGILLE, TA MEN PERI=
<P 780E>
TOU$ 'ANDRA$ SUSSITIA KALW$ "AMA KAI, "OPER 'EIPON, QAUMASTW$
KAQESTHKEN0 'EK QEIA$ TINO$ 'ANAGKH$, TO DE PERI= TA$ GUNAIKA$


<P 781A>
'OUDAMW$ 'ORQW$ 'ANOMOQETHTON MEQEITAI KAI 'OUK 'EI$ TO FW$
'HKTAI TO TH$ SUSSITIA$ 'AUTWN 'EPITHDEUMA, 'ALL' "O= KAI 'ALLW$
GENO$ "HMWN TWN 'ANQRWPWN LAQRAIOTERON MALLON KAI 'EPIKLOPWTERON
'EFU, TO QHLU, DIA= TO 'ASQENE$, 'OUK 'ORQW$ TOUTO
'EIXANTO$ TOU* NOMOQETOU DUSTAKTON 'ON 'AFEIQH. DIA= DE TOUTOU
MEQEIMENOU POLLA "UMIN PARERREI, POLU 'AMEINON 'AN4 'ECONTA, 'EI
NOMWN 'ETUCEN, 'H= TA NU*N; 'OU-GAR "HMISU MONON 'ESTIN, "W$
<P 781B>
DOXEIEN 'AN4, TO PERI= TA$ GUNAIKA$ 'AKOSMHTW$ PERIORWMENON,
"OSWI DE "H QHLEIA "HMIN FUSI$ 'ESTI PRO$ 'ARETHN CEIRWN TH$
TWN 'ARRENWN, TOSOUTWI DIAFEREI0 PRO$ TO PLEON 'H= DIPLASION
'EINAI. TOUT' 'OUN 'EPANALABEIN KAI 'EPANORQWSASQAI KAI PANTA
SUNTAXASQAI KOINHI GUNAIXI TE-KAI 'ANDRASIN 'EPITHDEUMATA
BELTION PRO$ POLEW$ 'EUDAIMONIAN; NU*N DE "OUTW$ 'HKTAI TO
TWN 'ANQRWPWN GENO$ 'OUDAMW$ 'EI$ TOUTO 'EUTUCW$, "WSTE 'OUDE
MNHSQHNAI PERI= 'AUTOU4 'EN 'ALLOI$ G' 'ESTIN TOPOI$ KAI POLESIN
<P 781C>
NOUN 'ECONTO$, "OPOU MHDE SUSSITIA "UPARCEI0 TO PARAPAN
DEDOGMENA KATA POLIN 'EINAI. PO=QEN DH TI$ GE 'ERGWI MH KATAGELASTW$
'EPICEIRHSEI2 GUNAIKA$ PROSBIAZESQAI THN SITWN
KAI POTWN 'ANALWSIN FANERAN QEWREISQAI: TOUTOU GAR 'OUK
'ESTIN "OTI2 CALEPWTERON 'AN4 "UPOMEINEIEN TOUTO TO GENO$;
'EIQISMENON GAR DEDUKO$ KAI SKOTEINON ZHN, 'AGOMENON D' 'EI$
FW$ BIA\ PASAN 'ANTITASIN 'ANTITEINON, POLU KRATHSEI2 TOU*
<P 781D>
NOMOQETOU. TOUT' 'OUN 'ALLOQI MEN, "OPER 'EIPON, 'OUD' 'AN4 TON
LOGON "UPOMEINEIE TON 'ORQON "RHQENTA 'ANEU PASH$ BOH$, 'ENQADE
DE 'ISW$ 'AN4. 'EI DH DOKEI0 LOGOU G' "ENEKA MH 'ATUCH TON PERI=
PASH$ TH$ POLITEIA$ GENESQAI LOGON, 'EQELW0 LEGEIN "W$
'AGAQON 'ESTI KAI PREPON, 'EI KAI SFWIN SUNDOKEI0 'AKOUEIN, 'EI
DE MH, 'EA*N.
KL _ 'ALL', 'W* XENE, QAUMASTW$ TO GE 'AKOUSAI0 NWIN PANTW$
POU SUNDOKEI0.
AQ _ 'AKOUWMEN DH. QAUMASHTE DE MHDEN 'EA=N "UMIN 'ANWQEN
<P 781E>
POQEN 'EPICEIREIN DOXW4. SCOLH$ GAR 'APOLAUOMEN KAI 'OUDEN
"HMA$ 'ESTI TO KATEPEIGON TO MH PANTHI PANTW$ SKOPEIN TA
PERI= TOU$ NOMOU$.
KL _ 'ORQW$ 'EIRHKA$.
AQ _ PALIN TOINUN 'EPI TA PRWTA 'EPANACWRHSWMEN
LECQENTA. 'EU GAR-DH TO GE TOSOUTON CRH PANT' 'ANDRA
SUNNOEIN, "W$ "H TWN 'ANQRWPWN GENESI$ 'H= TO PARAPAN 'ARCHN


<P 782A>
'OUDEMIAN 'EILHCEN0 'OUD' "EXEI2 POTE GE TELEUTHN, 'ALL' 'H*N TE 'AEI
KAI 'ESTAI PANTW$, 'H= MHKO$ TI TH$ 'ARCH$ 'AF' "OU GEGONEN0
'AMHCANON 'AN4 CRONON "OSON GEGONO$ 'AN4 'EIH.
KL _ TI= MHN:
AQ _ TI= 'OUN: POLEWN SUSTASEI$ KAI FQORA$, KAI 'EPITHDEUMATA
PANTOI*A TAXEW$ TE-KAI 'ATAXIA$, KAI BRWSEW$ KAI
PWMATWN TE "AMA KAI BRWMATWN 'EPIQUMHMATA PANTODAPA,
PANTW$ KAI PERI= PASAN THN GHN 'A*R' 'OUK 'OIOMEQA GEGONENAI,
KAI STROFA$ "WRWN PANTOIA$, 'EN "AI$ TA ZWIA METABALLEIN "AUTWN
<P 782B>
PAMPLHQEI$ METABOLA$ 'EIKO$:
KL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ _ TI= 'OUN: PISTEUOMEN 'AMPELOU$ TE FANHNAI POU POTE
PROTERON 'OUK 'OUSA$: "WSAUTW$ DE-KAI 'ELAA$ KAI TA DHMHTRO$
TE-KAI KORH$ DWRA: TRIPTOLEMON TE TINA TWN TOIOUTWN
GENESQAI DIAKONON: 'EN "WI DE MH TAUTA 'H*N TW*I CRONWI, MWN
'OUK 'OIOMEQA TA ZWIA, KAQAPER NU*N, 'EPI THN 'ALLHLWN 'EDWDHN
TREPESQAI:
KL _ TI= MHN:
<P 782C>
AQ _ TO DE-MHN QUEIN 'ANQRWPOU$ 'ALLHLOU$ 'ETI KAI NU*N
PARAMENON "ORWMEN0 POLLOI$; KAI 'TOUNANTION 'AKOUOMEN 'EN
'ALLOI$, "OTE 'OUDE BOO$ 'ETOLMWN MEN GEUESQAI, QUMATA TE 'OUK
'H*N TOI$ QEOISI ZWIA, PELANOI DE-KAI MELITI KARPOI DEDEUMENOI
KAI TOIAUTA 'A=LLA "AGNA QUMATA, SARKWN D' 'APEICONTO "W$ 'OUC
"OSION 'ON 'ESQIEIN 'OUDE TOU$ TWN QEWN BWMOU$ "AIMATI MIAINEIN,
'ALLA= 'ORFIKOI TINE$ LEGOMENOI BIOI 'EGIGNONTO "HMWN TOI$
TO=TE, 'AYUCWN MEN 'ECOMENOI PANTWN, 'EMYUCWN DE 'TOUNANTION
<P 782D>
PANTWN 'APECOMENOI.
KL _ KAI SFO=DRA LEGOMENA T' 'EIRHKA$ KAI PISTEUESQAI
PIQANA.
AQ _ PRO$ 'OUN-DH TI= TAUTA, 'EIPOI TI$ 'AN4, "UMIN PANT'
'ERRHQH TA NU*N:
KL _ 'ORQW$ "UPELABE$, 'W* XENE.
AQ _ KAI-TOINUN, 'EA=N DUNWMAI, TA TOUTOI$ "EXH$, 'W* KLEINIA,
PEIRASOMAI FRAZEIN.
KL _ LEGOI$ 'AN4.
AQ _ "ORW0 PANTA TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ 'EK TRITTH$ CREIA$ KAI
'EPIQUMIA$ 'HRTHMENA, DI' "WN 'ARETH TE 'AUTOI$ 'AGOMENOI$ 'ORQW$
<P 782E>
KAI 'TOUNANTION 'APOBAINEI0 KAKW$ 'ACQEISIN. TAUTA D' 'ESTIN
'EDWDH MEN-KAI POSI$ 'EUQU$ GENOMENOI$, "HN PE=RI "APASAN PAN
ZWION 'EMFUTON 'ERWTA 'ECON, MESTON 'OISTROU TE 'ESTIN KAI
'ANHKOUSTIA$ TOU* LEGONTO$ 'ALLO TI DEIN PRATTEIN PLHN TA$
"HDONA$ KAI 'EPIQUMIA$ TA$ PERI= "APANTA TAUTA 'APOPLHROUNTA,
LUPH$ TH$ "APASH$ 'AEI DEIN SFA$ 'APALLATTEIN; TRITH


<P 783A>
DE "HMIN KAI MEGISTH CREIA KAI 'ERW$ 'OXUTATO$ "USTATO$
MEN "ORMATAI0, DIAPURWTATOU$ DE TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ MANIAI$
'APERGAZETAI PANTW$, "O PERI= THN TOU* GENOU$ SPORAN "UBREI
PLEISTHI KAOMENO$. "A DH DEI TRIA NOSHMATA, TREPONTA 'EI$
TO BELTISTON PARA TO LEGOMENON "HDISTON, TRISI MEN TOI$
MEGISTOI$ PEIRASQAI KATECEIN, FOBWI KAI NOMWI KAI TW*I 'ALHQEI
LOGWI PROSCRWMENOU$ MENTOI MOUSAI$ TE-KAI 'AGWNIOISI QEOI$,
<P 783B>
SBENNUNTWN0 THN 'AUXHN TE-KAI 'EPIRROHN.
PAIDWN DE-DH GENESIN META TOU$ GAMOU$ QWMEN, KAI
META GENESIN TROFHN KAI PAIDEIAN; KAI TAC' 'AN4 "OUTW
PROIONTWN0 TWN LOGWN "O TE NOMO$ "HMIN "EKASTO$ PERAINOITO
'EI$ 'TOUMPROSQEN 'EPI SUSSITIA "HNIKA 'AFIKOMEQA % TA$ TOIAUTA$
KOINWNIA$ 'EI=TE-'A=RA GUNAIKWN 'EI=TE 'ANDRWN DEI MONWN
GIGNESQAI, PROSMEIXANTE$ 'AUTOI$ 'EGGUQEN 'ISW$ MALLON KATOYOMEQA %
TA TE 'EPIPROSQEN 'AUTWN, 'ETI NU*N 'ONTA 'ANOMOQETHTA,
<P 783C>
TAXANTE$ 'AUTA 'EPIPROSQEN POIHSOMEQA, KAI "OPER
'ERRHQH NUNDH, KATOYOMEQA TE 'AUTA 'AKRIBESTERON, MALLON
TE TOU$ PROSHKONTA$ 'AUTOI$ KAI PREPONTA$ NOMOU$ 'AN4
QEIHMEN.
KL _ 'ORQOTATA LEGEI$.
AQ _ FULAXWMEN TOINUN THI MNHMHI TA NUNDH LECQENTA;
'ISW$ GAR CREIAN POT' 'AUTWN PANTWN "EXOMEN.
KL _ TA POI*A DH DIAKELEUHI0:
AQ _ "A TOI$ TRISI DIWRIZOMEQA "RHMASI; BRWSIN MEN
'ELEGOMEN POU, KAI DEUTERON POSIN, KAI 'AFRODISIWN DE TINA
<P 783D>
DIAPTOHSIN TRITON.
KL _ PANTW$, 'W* XENE, MEMNHSOMEQA POU "WN7 TA NU*N
DIAKELEUHI0.
AQ _ KALW$. 'ELQWMEN D' 'EPI TA NUMFIKA, DIDAXONTE$ TE
'AUTOU$ PW*$ CRH KAI TI=NA TROPON TOU$ PAIDA$ POIEISQAI, KAI
'EA=N 'A=RA MH PEIQWMEN, 'APEILHSONTE$ TISIN NOMOI$.
KL _ PW*$:
AQ _ NUMFHN CRH DIANOEISQAI KAI NUMFION "W$ "OTI2 KALLISTOU$
KAI 'ARISTOU$ 'EI$ DUNAMIN 'APODEIXOMENOU$ PAIDA$ THI
<P 783E>
POLEI. PANTE$ D' 'ANQRWPOI KOINWNOI PASH$ PRAXEW$, "HNIKA
MEN 'AN4 PROSECWSIN "AUTOI$ TE-KAI THI PRAXEI TON NOUN, PANTA
KALA KAI 'AGAQA 'APERGAZONTAI, MH PROSECONTE$ DE 'H= MH
'ECONTE$ NOUN, 'TANANTIA. PROSECETW DH-KAI "O NUMFIO$ THI TE
NUMFHI KAI THI PAIDOPOIIA\ TON NOUN, KATA 'TAUTA DE-KAI "H
NUMFH, TOUTON TON CRONON DIAFERONTW$ "ON 'AN4 MHPW PAIDE$


<P 784A>
'AUTOI$ 'WSIN-GEGONOTE$. 'EPISKOPOI D' 'ESTWSAN TOUTWN "A$
"EILOMEQA GUNAIKE$, PLEIOU$ 'EI=T' 'ELATTOU$, TOI$ 'ARCOUSIN4
"OPOSA$ 'AN4 DOKHI5 PROSTATTEIN TE-KAI "OPOTAN, PRO$ TO TH$
'EILEIQUIA$ "IERON "EKASTH$ "HMERA$ SULLEGOMENAI MECRI TRITOU
MEROU$ "WRA$, "OI*4 DH SULLECQEISAI DIAGGELLONTWN2 'ALLHLAI$
'EI TI$ TINA "ORA*I0 PRO$ 'A=LL'0 'ATTA BLEPONTA 'ANDRA 'H=-KAI GUNAIKA
TWN PAIDOPOIOUMENWN 'H= PRO$ TA TETAGMENA "UPO TWN 'EN TOI$
<P 784B>
GAMOI$ QUSIWN TE-KAI "IERWN GENOMENWN. "H DE PAIDOPOIIA
KAI FULAKH TWN PAIDOPOIOUMENWN DEKETI$ 'ESTW, MH PLEIW DE
CRONON, "OTAN 'EUROIA 'HI TH$ GENESEW$; 'AN2 DE 'AGONOI TINE$
'EI$ TOUTON GIGNWNTAI TON CRONON, META TWN 'OIKEIWN KAI
'ARCOUSWN GUNAIKWN DIAZEUGNUSQAI KOINHI BOULEUOMENOU$ 'EI$
TA PROSFORA "EKATEROI$. 'EA=N D' 'AMFISBHTHSI$ TI$ GIGNHTAI
PERI= TWN "EKATEROI$ PREPONTWN0 KAI PROSFORWN, DEKA TWN
<P 784C>
NOMOFULAKWN "ELOMENOU$, "OI$ 'AN4 'EPITREYWSIN "OI DE TAXWSI,
TOUTOI$ 'EMMENEIN0. 'EISIOUSAI D' 'EI$ TA$ 'OIKIA$ TWN NEWN "AI
GUNAIKE$, TA MEN NOUQETOUSAI, TA DE-KAI 'APEILOUSAI, PAUONTWN2
'AUTOU$ TH$ "AMARTIA$ KAI 'AMAQIA$; 'EA=N D' 'ADUNATWSI, PRO$
TOU$ NOMOFULAKA$ 'IOUSAI FRAZONTWN2, "OI D' 'EIRGONTWN2. 'AN2 DE-KAI
'EKEINOI PW$ 'ADUNATHSWSI, PRO$ TO DHMOSION 'APOFHNANTWN2,
'ANAGRAYANTE$ TE-KAI 'OMOSANTE$ 'H*-MHN 'ADUNATEIN
<P 784D>
TON KAI TON BELTIW POIEIN. "O DE 'ANAGRAFEI$ 'ATIMO$ 'ESTW,
MH "ELWN 'EN DIKASTHRIWI TOU$ 'EGGRAYANTA$, TWNDE; MHTE-GAR
'EI$ GAMOU$ 'ITW MHTE 'EI$ TA$ TWN PAIDWN 'EPITELEIWSEI$, 'AN2 DE
'IHI5, PLHGAI$ "O BOULHQEI$ 'AQWIO$ 'AUTON KOLAZETW. TA 'AUTA
DE-KAI PERI= GUNAIKO$ 'ESTW NOMIMA; TWN 'EXODWN GAR TWN
GUNAIKEIWN KAI TIMWN KAI TWN 'EI$ TOU$ GAMOU$ KAI GENEQLIA
TWN PAIDWN FOITHSEWN MH METECETW, 'EA=N 'AKOSMOUSA "WSAUTW$
<P 784E>
'ANAGRAFHI KAI MH "ELHI6 THN DIKHN. "OTAN DE-DH PAIDA$ GENNHSWNTAI
KATA NOMOU$, 'EA=N 'ALLOTRIA\ TI$ PERI= TA TOIAUTA
KOINWNHI5 GUNAIKI 'H= GUNH 'ANDRI, 'EA=N MEN PAIDOPOIOUMENOI$ 'ETI,
TA 'AUTA 'EPIZH=MIA 'AUTOI$ 'ESTW KAQAPER TOI$ 'ETI GENNWMENOI$
'EIRHTAI; META DE TAUTA "O MEN SWFRONWN KAI SWFRONOUSA 'EI$
TA TOIAUTA 'ESTW PANTA 'EUDOKIMO$, "O DE 'TOUNANTION 'ENANTIW$
TIMASQW, MALLON DE 'ATIMAZESQW. KAI METRIAZONTWN0 MEN


<P 785A>
PERI= TA TOIAUTA TWN PLEIONWN 'ANOMOQETHTA SIGHI KEISQW
'AKOSMOUNTWN0 DE NOMOQETHQENTA TAUTHI PRATTESQW KATA TOU$
TO=TE TEQENTA$ NOMOU$. BIOU MEN 'ARCH TOU* PANTO$ "EKASTOI$
"O PRWTO$ 'ENIAUTO$; "ON GEGRAFQAI CREWN 'EN "IEROISI PATRWIOI$
ZWH$ 'ARCH. KORWI KAI KORHI PARAGEGRAFQW D' 'EN TOICWI
LELEUKWMENWI 'EN PASHI FRATRIA\ TON 'ARIQMON TWN 'ARCONTWN0
TWN 'EPI TOI$ 'ETESIN 'ARIQMOUMENWN; TH$ DE FRATRIA$ 'AEI
<P 785B>
TOU$ ZWNTA$ MEN GEGRAFQAI PLHSION, TOU$ D' "UPEKCWROUNTA$
TOU* BIOU 'EXALEIFEIN. GAMOU DE "ORON 'EINAI KORHI MEN
'APO "EKKAIDEKA 'ETWN 'EI$ 'EIKOSI, TON MAKROTATON CRONON
'AFWRISMENON, KORWI DE 'APO TRIAKONTA MECRI TWN PENTE KAI
TRIAKONTA; 'EI$ DE 'ARCA$ GUNAIKI MEN TETTARAKONTA, 'ANDRI DE
TRIAKONTA 'ETH; PRO$ POLEMON DE 'ANDRI MEN 'EIKOSI MECRI TWN
"EXHKONTA 'ETWN; GUNAIKI DE, "HN 'AN4 DOKHI5 CREIAN DEIN CRHSQAI
PRO$ TA POLEMIKA, 'EPEIDAN PAIDA$ GENNHSHI6, TO DUNATON KAI
PREPON "EKASTAI$ PROSTATTEIN MECRI TWN PENTHKONTA 'ETWN.


<B NOM7>


<P 788A>
AQ _ GENOMENWN DE PAIDWN 'ARRENWN KAI QHLEIWN, TROFHN
MEN-POU-KAI PAIDEIAN TO META TAUTA LEGEIN 'ORQOTAT' 'AN4
GIGNOIQ' "HMIN, "HN 'EINAI MEN 'ARRHTON PANTW$ 'ADUNATON, LEGOMENH
DE DIDACHI TINI KAI NOUQETHSEI MALLON 'H= NOMOI$ 'EIKUI'
'AN4 "HMIN FAINOITO. 'IDIA\ GAR-KAI KAT' 'OIKIA$ POLLA KAI
SMIKRA KAI 'OUK 'EMFANH PASI GIGNOMENA, "RA\DIW$ "UPO TH$
<P 788B>
"EKASTWN LUPH$ TE-KAI "HDONH$ KAI 'EPIQUMIA$ "E=TERA PARA
TA$ TOU* NOMOQETOU SUMBOULA$ PARAGENOMENA, PANTODAPA KAI
'OUC "O=MOIA 'ALLHLOI$ 'APERGAZOIT' 'AN4 TA TWN POLITWN 'HQH.
TOUTO DE KAKON TAI$ POLESIN; KAI-GAR DIA= SMIKROTHTA 'AUTWN
KAI PUKNOTHTA 'EPIZH=MIA TIQENTA POIEIN NOMOU$ 'APREPE$ "AMA
KAI 'ASCHMON, DIAFQEIREI0 DE-KAI TOU$ GRAFHI TEQENTA$ NOMOU$,
'EN TOI$ SMIKROI$ KAI PUKNOI$ 'EQISQENTWN5 TWN 'ANQRWPWN PARANOMEIN.
<P 788C>
"WSTE 'APORIA MEN PERI= 'AUTA NOMOQETEIN, SIGAN DE
'ADUNATON. "A DE LEGW0, DHLWSAI0 PEIRATEON "OION DEIGMATA
'EXENEGKONTA 'EI$ FW$; NU*N GAR LEGOMENOI$ 'EOIKE0 KATA TI
SKOTO$.
KL _ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
AQ _ 'OUKOU*N "OTI4 MEN SWMATA KAI YUCA$ THN GE 'ORQHN
PANTW$ DEI TROFHN FAINESQAI DUNAMENHN "W$ KALLISTA KAI
'ARISTA 'EXERGAZESQAI, TOUTO MEN 'ORQW$ 'EIRHTAI POU.
KL _ TI= MHN:
<P 788D>
AQ _ SWMATA DE KALLISTA, 'OIOMAI, TO GE "APLOUSTATON,
"W$ 'ORQOTATA DEI NEWN 'ONTWN0 'EUQU$ FUESQAI TWN PAIDWN.
KL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ TI= DE: TODE 'OUK 'ENNOOUMEN, "W$ "H PRWTH BLASTH
PANTO$ ZWIOU POLU MEGISTH KAI PLEISTH FUETAI, "WSTE KAI
'ERIN POLLOI$ PARESCHKEN0 MH GIGNESQAI TA G' 'ANQRWPINA
MHKH DIPLA=SIA 'APO PENTE 'ETWN 'EN TOI$ LOIPOI$ 'EIKOSIN 'ETESIN
'AUXANOMENA:
KL _ 'ALHQH.
AQ _ TI= 'OUN: POLLH 'AUXH "OTAN 'EPIRREHI5 PONWN CWRI$


<P 789A>
POLLWN KAI SUMMETRWN, 'OUK 'ISMEN "OTI4 MURIA KAKA 'EN TOI$
SWMASIN 'APOTELEI0:
KL _ PANU GE.
AQ _ 'OUKOU*N TO=TE DEITAI PLEISTWN PONWN, "OTAN "H PLEISTH
TROFH PROSGIGNHTAI TOI$ SWMASI.
KL _ TI= DHT', 'W* XENE: 'H* TOI$ 'ARTI GEGONOSI KAI NEWTATOI$
PONOU$ PLEISTOU$ PROSTAXOMEN:
AQ _ 'OUDAMW$ GE, 'ALL' 'ETI KAI PROTERON TOI$ 'ENTO$ TWN
"AUTWN MHTERWN TREFOMENOI$.
KL _ PW*$ LEGEI$, 'W* LWISTE: 'H= TOI$ KUOUMENOISI FRAZEI$:
<P 789B>
AQ _ NAI. QAUMASTON D' 'OUDEN 'ESTIN 'AGNOEIN "UMA$ THN
TWN THLIKOUTWN GUMNASTIKHN, "HN BOULOIMHN 'AN4 "UMIN KAIPER
'ATOPON 'OUSAN DHLWSAI0.
KL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ 'ESTI2 TOINUN PAR' "HMIN MALLON TO TOIOUTON KATANOEIN
DIA= TO TA$ PAIDIA$ 'AUTOQI MEIZONW$ TINA$ PAIZEIN 'H=
DEI; TREFOUSI0 GAR-DH PAR' "HMIN 'OU MONON PAIDE$ 'ALLA=-KAI
PRESBUTEROI TINE$ 'ORNIQWN QREMMATA, 'EPI TA$ MACA$ TA$
PRO$ 'ALLHLA. 'ASKOUNTA$ TA TOIAUTA TWN QHRIWN POLLOU
<P 789C>
DH DEOUSIN0 "HGEISQAI TOU$ PONOU$ 'AUTOI$ 'EINAI TOU$ PRO$
'ALLHLA METRIOU$, 'EN "OI$ 'AUTA 'ANAKINOUSI0 GUMNAZONTE$; PRO$
GAR TOUTOI$ LABONTE$ "UPO MALH$ "EKASTO$, TOU$ MEN 'ELATTONA$
'EI$ TA$ CEIRA$, MEIZOU$ D' "UPO THN 'AGKALHN 'ENTO$,
POREUONTAI PERIPATOUNTE$ STADIOU$ PAMPOLLOU$ "ENEKA TH$
'EUEXIA$ 'OUTI TH$ TWN "AUTWN SWMATWN, 'ALLA= TH$ TOUTWN TWN
QREMMATWN, KAI TO GE TOSOUTON DHLOUSI0 TW*I DUNAMENWI KATAMAQEIN,
<P 789D>
"OTI4 TA SWMATA PANTA "UPO TWN SEISMWN TE-KAI KINHSEWN
KINOUMENA 'AKOPA 'ONINATAI PANTWN, "OSA TE "UPO "EAUTWN,
'H=-KAI 'EN 'AIWRAI$ 'H=-KAI KATA QALATTAN, 'H=-KAI 'EF' "IPPWN
'OCOUMENWN KAI "UP' 'ALLWN "OPWSOUN DH FEROMENWN TWN SWMATWN,
KINEITAI, KAI DIA= TAUTA TA$ TWN SITWN TROFA$ KAI
POTWN KATAKRATOUNTA, "UGIEIAN KAI KALLO$ KAI THN 'ALLHN
"RWMHN "HMIN DUNATA 'ESTI PARADIDONAI. TI= 'OUN 'AN4 FAIMEN
'ECONTWN0 "OUTW TOUTWN TO META TOUTO "HMA$ DEIN POIEIN: BOULESQE0
<P 789E>
"AMA GELWTI FRAZWMEN, TIQENTE$ NOMOU$ THN MEN KUOUSAN
PERIPATEIN, TO GENOMENON DE PLATTEIN TE "OION KHRINON,
"EW$ "UGRON, KAI MECRI DUOIN 'ETOIN SPARGANAN: KAI-DH-KAI
TA$ TROFOU$ 'ANAGKAZWMEN NOMWI ZHMIOUNTE$ TA PAIDIA 'H= PRO$
'AGROU$ 'H= PRO$ "IERA 'H= PRO$ 'OIKEIOU$ 'AEI PHI FEREIN, MECRIPER
'AN4 "IKANW$ "ISTASQAI DUNATA GIGNHTAI, KAI TO=TE, DIEULABOUMENA$
'ETI NEWN 'ONTWN0 MH PHI BIA\ 'EPEREIDOMENWN STREFHTAI
TA KWLA, 'EPIPONEIN FEROUSA$ "EW$ 'AN4 TRIETE$ 'APOTELESQHI
TO GENOMENON: 'EI$ DUNAMIN DE 'ISCURA$ 'AUTA$ 'EINAI CREWN


<P 790A>
KAI MH MIAN: 'EPI DE TOUTOI$ "EKASTOI$, 'AN2 MH GIGNHTAI, ZHMIAN
TOI$ MH POIOUSI4 GRAFWMEN: 'H= POLLOU GE DEI0: TO GAR
'ARTI "RHQEN GIGNOIT' 'AN4 POLU KAI 'AFQONON.
KL _ TO POI*ON:
AQ _ TO GELWTA 'AN4 POLUN 'OFLEIN "HMA$ PRO$ TW*I MH
'EQELEIN 'AN4 PEIQESQAI GUNAIKEI*A TE-KAI DOU=LEIA 'HQH TROFWN.
KL _ 'ALLA= TI=NO$ DH CARIN 'EFAMEN 'AUTA DEIN "RHQHNAI:
AQ _ TOUDE; TA TWN DESPOTWN TE-KAI 'ELEUQERWN 'EN TAI$
<P 790B>
POLESIN 'HQH TAC' 'AN4 'AKOUSANTA 'EI$ SUNNOIAN 'AFIKOIT' 'AN4
THN 'ORQHN, "OTI4 CWRI$ TH$ 'IDIA$ DIOIKHSEW$ 'EN TAI$ POLESIN
'ORQH$ GIGNOMENH$ MATHN 'AN4 TA KOINA TI$ 'OIOITO "EXEIN TINA
BEBAIOTHTA QESEW$ NOMWN, KAI TAUTA 'ENNOWN, 'AUTO$ NOMOI$
'AN4 TOI$ NU*N "RHQEISIN CRWITO, KAI CRWMENO$, 'EU THN TE 'OIKIAN
KAI POLIN "AMA THN "AUTOU DIOIKWN, 'EUDAIMONOI.
KL _ KAI MAL' 'EIKOTW$ 'EIRHKA$.
AQ _ TOIGAROUN MHPW LHXWMEN TH$ TOIAUTH$ NOMOQESIA$,
<P 790C>
PRIN 'AN4 KAI TA PERI= TA$ YUCA$ TWN PANU NEWN PAIDWN 'EPITHDEUMATA
'APODWMEN KATA TON 'AUTON TROPON "ONPER 'HRGMEQA
TWN PERI= TA SWMATA MUQWN LECQENTWN5 DIAPERAINEIN.
KL _ PANU MEN-'OUN 'ORQW$.
AQ _ LABWMEN TOINUN TOUTO "OION STOICEION 'EP' 'AMFO=TERA,
SWMATO$ TE-KAI YUCH$ TWN PANU NEWN THN TIQHNHSIN KAI
KINHSIN GIGNOMENHN "OTI2 MALISTA DIA= PASH$ TE NUKTO$ KAI
"HMERA$, "W$ 'ESTI SUMFORO$ "APASI MEN, 'OUC "HKISTA DE TOI$
"OTI2 NEWTATOISI, KAI 'OIKEIN, 'EI DUNATON 'H*N, "OION 'AEI PLEONTA$;
<P 790D>
NU*N D' "W$ 'EGGUTATA TOUTOU POIEIN DEI PERI= TA NEOGENH PAIDWN
QREMMATA. TEKMAIRESQAI DE CRH KAI 'APO TWNDE, "W$ 'EX 'EMPEIRIA$
'AUTO 'EILHFASI KAI 'EGNWKASIN 'ON CRHSIMON "AI TE
TROFOI TWN SMIKRWN KAI "AI PERI= TA TWN KORUBANTWN 'IAMATA
TELOUSAI0; "HNIKA GAR 'AN4 POU BOULHQWSIN KATAKOIMIZEIN TA
DUSUPNOUNTA TWN PAIDIWN "AI MHTERE$, 'OUC "HSUCIAN 'AUTOI$
PROSFEROUSIN0 'ALLA= 'TOUNANTION KINHSIN, 'EN TAI$ 'AGKALAI$
<P 790E>
'AEI SEIOUSAI, KAI 'OU SIGHN 'ALLA= TINA MELWIDIAN, KAI 'ATECNW$
"OION KATAULOUSI0 TWN PAIDIWN, KAQAPER "H TWN 'EKFRONWN
BAKCEIWN 'IASEI$, TAUTHI THI TH$ KINHSEW$ "AMA COREIA\ KAI
MOUSHI CRWMENAI.
KL _ TI=$ 'OUN 'AITIA TOUTWN, 'W* XENE, MALIST' 'ESQ' "HMIN:
AQ _ 'OU PANU CALEPH GIGNWSKEIN.
KL _ PW*$ DH:
AQ _ DEIMAINEIN 'ESTIN POU TAUT' 'AMFO=TERA TA PAQH, KAI
'ESTI DEIMATA DI' "EXIN FAULHN TH$ YUCH$ TINA. "OTAN 'OUN


<P 791A>
'EXWQEN TI$ PROSFERHI5 TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ PAQESI SEISMON, "H TWN
'EXWQEN KRATEI0 KINHSI$ PROSFEROMENH THN 'ENTO$ FOBERAN
'OUSAN KAI MANIKHN KINHSIN, KRATHSASA DE, GALHNHN "HSUCIAN
TE 'EN THI YUCHI FAINESQAI 'APERGASAMENH TH$ PERI= TA TH$
KARDIA$ CALEPH$ GENOMENH$ "EKASTWN PHDHSEW$, PANTAPASIN
'AGAPHTON TI, TOU$ MEN "UPNOU LAGCANEIN POIEI0, TOU$ D' 'EGRHGOROTA$
'ORCOUMENOU$ TE-KAI 'AULOUMENOU$ META QEWN, "OI$ 'AN4
KALLIEROUNTE$ "EKASTOI QUWSI, KATHRGASATO 'ANTI MANIKWN
<P 791B>
"HMIN DIAQESEWN "EXEI$ 'EMFRONA$ 'ECEIN. KAI TAUTA, "W$ DIA=
BRACEWN GE "OUTW$ 'EIPEIN, PIQANON LOGON 'ECEI0 TINA.
KL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ 'EI DE-GE "OUTW$ TOIAUTHN TINA DUNAMIN 'ECEI0 TAUTA,
'ENNOEIN CRH TODE PAR' "AUTOI$, "W$ "APASA YUCH DEIMASIN
SUNOUSA 'EK NEWN MALLON 'AN4 DIA= FOBWN 'EQIZOITO GIGNESQAI;
TOUTO DE-POU PA$ 'AN4 FAIH DEILIA$ 'ASKHSIN 'ALL' 'OUK 'ANDREIA$
GIGNESQAI.
KL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ _ TO DE-GE 'ENANTION 'ANDREIA$ 'AN4 FAIMEN 'EK NEWN 'EUQU$
<P 791C>
'EPITHDEUMA 'EINAI, TO NIKAN TA PROSPIPTONQ' "HMIN DEIMATA TE-KAI
FOBOU$.
KL _ 'ORQW$.
AQ _ "EN DH-KAI TOUTO 'EI$ YUCH$ MORION 'ARETH$, THN TWN
PANTELW$ PAIDWN GUMNASTIKHN 'EN TAI$ KINHSESIN, MEGA "HMIN
FWMEN SUMBALLESQAI.
KL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ KAI-MHN TO GE MH DUSKOLON 'EN YUCHI KAI TO DUSKOLON
'OU SMIKRON MORION 'EUYUCIA$ KAI KAKOYUCIA$ "EKATERON
GIGNOMENON GIGNOIT' 'AN4.
KL _ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
<P 791D>
AQ _ TI=NA 'OUN 'AN4 TROPON 'EUQU$ 'EMFUOIQ' "HMIN "OPOTERON
BOULHQEIMEN TW*I NEOGENEI, FRAZEIN DH PEIRATEON "OPW$ TI$ KAI
KAQ' "OSON 'EUPOREI0 TOUTWN.
KL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ _ LEGW0 DH TO GE PAR' "HMIN DOGMA, "W$ "H MEN TRUFH
DUSKOLA KAI 'AKRACOLA KAI SFO=DRA 'APO SMIKRWN KINOUMENA
TA TWN NEWN 'HQH 'APERGAZETAI, TO DE TOUTWN 'ENANTION, "H TE
SFODRA= KAI 'AGRI=A DOULWSI$, TAPEINOU$ KAI 'ANELEUQEROU$ KAI
MISANQRWPOU$ POIOUSA, 'ANEPITHDEIOU$ SUNOIKOU$ 'APOTELEI0.
<P 791E>
KL _ PW*$ 'OUN-DH CRH TA MHPW FWNH$ SUNIENTA, MHDE
PAIDEIA$ TH$ 'ALLH$ DUNATA GEUESQAI PW, TREFEIN THN POLIN
"APASAN:
AQ _ "WDE PW$; FQEGGESQAI POU META BOH$ 'EUQU$ PAN
'EIWQEN0 TO GENOMENON, KAI 'OUC "HKISTA TO TWN 'ANQRWPWN GENO$;
KAI-DH-KAI TW*I KLAEIN PRO$ THI BOHI MALLON TWN 'ALLWN
SUNECETAI.
KL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ 'OUKOU*N "AI TROFOI SKOPOUSAI TI=NO$ 'EPIQUMEI0, TOUTOI$


<P 792A>
'AUTOI$ 'EN THI PROSFORA*I TEKMAIRONTAI; "OU2 MEN-GAR 'AN4 PROSFEROMENOU
SIGA*I2, KALW$ 'OIONTAI PROSFEREIN, "OU2 D' 'AN4 KLAHI5
KAI BOA*I2, 'OU KALW$. TOI$ DH PAIDIOI$ TO DHLWMA "WN 'ERA*I0
KAI MISEI0 KLAUMONAI KAI BOAI, SHMEIA 'OUDAMW$ 'EUTUCH; 'ESTIN
DE "O CRONO$ "OUTO$ TRIWN 'OUK 'ELATTWN 'ETWN, MORION 'OU SMIKRON
TOU* BIOU DIAGAGEIN CEIRON 'H= MH CEIRON.
KL _ 'ORQW$ LEGEI$.
AQ _ "O DH DUSKOLO$ 'OUDAMW$ TE "ILEW$ 'A*R' 'OU DOKEI0 SFWIN
<P 792B>
QRHNWDH$ TE 'EINAI KAI 'ODURMWN "W$ 'EPI TO POLU PLHRH$
MALLON 'H= CREWN 'ESTIN TON 'AGAQON:
KL _ 'EMOI4 GOUN DOKEI0.
AQ _ TI= 'OUN: 'EI TI$ TA TRI' 'ETH PEIRWITO PASAN MHCANHN
PROSFERWN "OPW$ TO TREFOMENON "HMIN "W$ 'OLIGISTHI PROSCRHSETAI
'ALGHDONI KAI FOBOI$ KAI LUPHI PASHI KATA DUNAMIN,
'A*R' 'OUK 'OIOMEQA 'EUQUMON MALLON TE-KAI "ILEWN 'APERGAZESQAI
THNIKAUTA THN YUCHN TOU* TREFOMENOU:
KL _ DHLON DH, KAI MALISTA G' 'AN4, 'W* XENE, 'EI TI$ POLLA$
<P 792C>
"HDONA$ 'AUTWI PARASKEUAZOI.
AQ _ TOUT' 'OUKET' 'AN4 'EGW KLEINIA\ SUNAKOLOUQHSAIM' 'AN4
'W* QAUMASIE. 'ESTIN GAR-'OUN "HMIN "H TOIAUTH PRAXI$ DIAFQORA
MEGISTH PASWN; 'EN 'ARCHI GAR GIGNETAI "EKASTOTE
TROFH$. "ORWMEN2 DE 'EI TI LEGOMEN.
KL _ LEGE TI= FH=I$.
AQ _ 'OU SMIKROU PE=RI NU*N 'EINAI NWIN TON LOGON. "ORA DE-KAI
SU, SUNEPIKRINE TE "HMA$, 'W* MEGILLE. "O MEN-GAR 'EMO$ DH
LOGO$ 'OUQ' "HDONA$ FHSI DEIN DIWKEIN TON 'ORQON BION 'OUT' 'AU
<P 792D>
TO PARAPAN FEUGEIN TA$ LUPA$, 'ALL' 'AUTO 'ASPAZESQAI TO
MESON, "O= NUNDH PROSEIPON "W$ "ILEWN 'ONOMASA$, "HN DH DIAQESIN
KAI QEOU KATA TINA MANTEIA$ FHMHN 'EUSTOCW$ PANTE$
PROSAGOREUOMEN. TAUTHN THN "EXIN DIWKEIN FHMI DEIN "HMWN
KAI TON MELLONTA 'ESESQAI QEION, MHT'-'OUN 'AUTON PROPETH
PRO$ TA$ "HDONA$ GIGNOMENON "OLW$, "W$ 'OUD' 'EKTO$ LUPWN
'ESOMENON, MHTE 'ALLON, GERONTA 'H= NEON, 'EA*N PASCEIN 'TAUTON
TOUQ' "HMIN, 'ARRENA 'H= QHLUN, "APANTWN DE "HKISTA 'EI$ DUNAMIN
<P 792E>
TON 'ARTIW$ NEOGENH; KURIWTATON GAR-'OUN 'EMFUETAI PASI TO=TE
TO PAN 'HQO$ DIA= 'EQO$. 'ETI D' 'EGWG', 'EI MH MELLOIMI DOXEIN
PAIZEIN, FAIHN 'AN4 DEIN KAI TA$ FEROUSA$ 'EN GASTRI PASWN
TWN GUNAIKWN MALISTA QERAPEUEIN 'EKEINON TON 'ENIAUTON,
"OPW$ MHTE "HDONAI$ TISI POLLAI$ "AMA KAI MARGOI$ PROSCRHSETAI
"H KUOUSA MHTE 'AU LUPAI$, TO DE "ILEWN KAI 'EUMENE$
PRA*ION TE TIMWSA DIAZHSEI2 TON TO=TE CRONON.


<P 793A>
KL _ 'OUDEN DEI SE, 'W* XENE, MEGILLON 'ANERWTAN POTERO$
"HMWN 'ORQOTERON 'EIRHKEN0; 'EGW GAR 'AUTO$ SOI4 SUGCWRW0 TON
LUPH$ TE-KAI "HDONH$ 'AKRATOU BION FEUGEIN DEIN PANTA$,
MESON DE TINA TEMNEIN 'AEI. KALW$ TOINUN 'EIRHKA$ TE-KAI
'AKHKOA$ "AMA.
AQ _ MALA MEN-'OUN 'ORQW$, 'W* KLEINIA. TODE TOINUN 'EPI
TOUTOI$ TREI$ 'ONTE$ DIANOHQWMEN.
KL _ TO POI*ON:
AQ _ "OTI4 TAUT' 'ESTIN PANTA, "OSA NU*N DIEXERCOMEQA, TA
KALOUMENA0 "UPO TWN POLLWN 'AGRAFA NOMIMA; KAI "OU$ PATRIOU$
<P 793B>
NOMOU$ 'EPONOMAZOUSIN0, 'OUK 'A=LLA 'ESTIN 'H= TA TOIAUTA SUMPANTA.
KAI 'ETI GE "O NUNDH LOGO$ "HMIN 'EPICUQEI$, "W$ 'OUTE
NOMOU$ DEI PROSAGOREUEIN 'AUTA 'OUTE 'ARRHTA 'EA*N, 'EIRHTAI
KALW$; DESMOI GAR "OUTOI PASH$ 'EISIN POLITEIA$, METAXU
PANTWN 'ONTE$ TWN 'EN GRAMMASIN TEQENTWN5 TE-KAI KEIMENWN
KAI TWN 'ETI QHSOMENWN, 'ATECNW$ "OION PA=TRIA KAI PANTAPASIN
'ARCAI*A NOMIMA, "A KALW$ MEN TEQENTA KAI 'EQISQENTA
PASHI SWTHRIA\ PERIKALUYANTA 'ECEI0 TOU$ TO=TE GRAFENTA$
<P 793C>
NOMOU$, 'AN2 D' 'EKTO$ TOU* KALOU BAINHI5 PLHMMELW$, "OION
TEKTONWN 'EN 'OIKODOMHMASIN 'EREISMATA 'EK MESOU "UPORREONTA,
SUMPIPTEIN 'EI$ 'TAUTON POIEI0 TA SUMPANTA, KEISQAI TE 'A=LLA
"UF' "ETERWN, 'AUTA TE-KAI TA KALW$ "USTERON 'EPOIKODOMHQENTA,
TWN 'ARCAIWN "UPOPESONTWN3. "A DH DIANOOUMENOU$ "HMA$, 'W*
KLEINIA, SOI4 DEI THN POLIN KAINHN 'OUSAN PANTHI SUNDEIN,
MHTE MEGA MHTE SMIKRON PARALIPONTA$ 'EI$ DUNAMIN "OSA
<P 793D>
NOMOU$ 'H= 'EQH TI$ 'H= 'EPITHDEUMATA KALEI0; PASI GAR TOI$
TOIOUTOI$ POLI$ SUNDEITAI, 'ANEU DE 'ALLHLWN "EKA=TERA TOUTWN
'OUK 'ESTIN MONIMA, "WSTE 'OU CRH QAUMAZEIN 'EA=N "HMIN POLLA
"AMA KAI SMIKRA DOKOUNTWN0 'EINAI NOMIMA 'H=-KAI 'EQISMATA
'EPIRREONTA MAKROTEROU$ POIHI5 TOU$ NOMOU$.
KL _ 'ALL' 'ORQW$ SU GE LEGEI$, "HMEI$ TE "OUTW DIANOHSOMEQA.
AQ _ 'EI$ MEN-TOINUN THN TOU* TRI' 'ETH GEGONOTO$ "HLIKIAN,
<P 793E>
KOROU KAI KORH$, TAUTA 'EI TI$ 'AKRIBW$ 'APOTELOI0 KAI MH
PARERGW$ TOI$ 'EIRHMENOI$ CRWITO, 'OU SMIKRA 'EI$ 'WFELIAN
GIGNOIT' 'AN4 TOI$ NEWSTI TREFOMENOI$; TRIETEI DE-DH-KAI
TETRAETEI KAI PENTAETEI KAI 'ETI "EXETEI 'HQEI YUCH$ PAIDIWN
DEON 'AN4 'EIH, TRUFH$ D' 'HDH PARALUTEON KOLAZONTA, MH 'ATIMW$,
'ALL' "OPER 'EPI TWN DOULWN G' 'ELEGOMEN, TO MH MEQ'
"UBREW$ KOLAZONTA$ 'ORGHN 'EMPOIHSAI0 DEIN TOI$ KOLASQEISIN


<P 794A>
MHD' 'AKOLASTOU$ 'EWNTA$ TRUFHN, 'TAUTON DRASTEON TOUTO GE-KAI
'EP' 'ELEUQEROISI. PAIDIAI D' 'EISIN TOI$ THLIKOUTOI$ 'AUTOFUEI$
TINE$, "A$ 'EPEIDAN SUNELQWSIN 'AUTOI SCEDON 'ANEURISKOUSI0.
SUNIENAI DE 'EI$ TA KATA KWMA$ "IERA DEI PANTA 'HDH
TA THLIKAUTA PAIDIA, 'APO TRIETOU$ MECRI TWN "EX 'ETWN, KOINHI
TA TWN KWMHTWN 'EI$ 'TAUTON "EKASTA; TA$ DE TROFOU$ 'ETI
TWN THLIKOUTWN KOSMIOTHTO$ TE-KAI 'AKOLASIA$ 'EPIMELEISQAI,
TWN DE TROFWN 'AUTWN KAI TH$ 'AGELH$ SUMPASH$, TWN DWDEKA
<P 794B>
GUNAIKWN MIAN 'EF' "EKASTHI TETACQAI KOSMOUSAN KAT'
'ENIAUTON TWN PROEIRHMENWN "A$ 'AN4 TAXWSIN "OI NOMOFULAKE$.
TAUTA$ DE "AIREISQWSAN MEN "AI TWN GAMWN KURIAI TH$ 'EPIMELEIA$,
'EX "EKASTH$ TH$ FULH$ MIAN, "HLIKA$ "AUTAI$; "H DE
KATASTASA 'ARCETW FOITWSA 'EI$ TO "IERON "EKASTH$ "HMERA$
KAI KOLAZOUSA 'AEI TON 'ADIKOUNTA, DOULON MEN-KAI DOULHN KAI
XENON KAI XENHN 'AUTH DIA= TINWN TH$ POLEW$ 'OIKETWN, POLITHN
<P 794C>
DE 'AMFISBHTOUNTA MEN THI KOLASEI PRO$ TOU$ 'ASTUNOMOU$
'EPI DIKHN 'AGOUSA, 'ANAMFISBHTHTON DE 'ONTA KAI TON POLITHN
'AUTH KOLAZETW. META DE TON "EXETH KAI THN "EXETIN DIAKRINESQW
MEN 'HDH TO GENO$ "EKATERWN % KOROI MEN META KORWN,
PARQENOI DE "WSAUTW$ MET' 'ALLHLWN THN DIATRIBHN POIEISQWSAN %
PRO$ DE TA MAQHMATA TREPESQAI CREWN "EKATEROU$,
TOU$ MEN 'ARRENA$ 'EF' "IPPWN DIDASKALOU$ KAI TOXWN KAI
'AKONTIWN KAI SFENDONHSEW$, 'EA=N DE PHI SUGCWRWSIN, MECRI
<P 794D>
GE MAQHSEW$ KAI TA QHLEA, KAI-DH TA GE MALISTA PRO$ THN
TWN "OPLWN CREIAN. TO GAR-DH NU*N KAQESTO$ PERI= TA TOIAUTA
'AGNOEITAI PARA TOI$ PASIN 'OLIGOU.
KL _ TO POI*ON:
AQ _ "W$ 'A=RA TA DEXIA KAI TA 'ARISTERA DIAFERONTA 'ESQ'
"HMWN FUSEI PRO$ TA$ CREIA$ 'EI$ "EKASTA$ TWN PRAXEWN TA
PERI= TA$ CEIRA$, 'EPEI TA GE PERI= PODA$ TE-KAI TA KATW TWN
MELWN 'OUDEN DIAFERONTA 'EI$ TOU$ PONOU$ FAINETAI; TA DE
<P 794E>
KATA CEIRA$ 'ANOIA\ TROFWN KAI MHTERWN "OION CWLOI GEGONAMEN
"EKASTOI. TH$ FUSEW$ GAR "EKATERWN TWN MELWN SCEDON
'ISORROPOUSH$, 'AUTOI DIA= TA 'EQH DIAFORA 'AUTA PEPOIHKAMEN
'OUK 'ORQW$ CRWMENOI. 'EN "OSOI$ MEN-GAR TWN 'ERGWN MH MEGA
DIAFEREI0, LURA\ MEN 'EN 'ARISTERA*I CRWMENON, PLHKTRWI DE 'EN
DEXIA*I, PRAGMA 'OUDEN, KAI "OSA TOIAUTA; TOUTOI$ DE PARADEIGMASI
CRWMENON KAI 'EI$ 'A=LLA MH DEON "OUTW CRHSQAI


<P 795A>
SCEDON 'ANOIA. 'EDEIXEN DE TAUTA "O TWN SKUQWN NOMO$, 'OUK
'EN 'ARISTERA*I MEN TOXON 'APAGWN, 'EN DEXIA*I DE 'OISTON PROSAGOMENO$
MONON, 'ALL' "OMOIW$ "EKATEROI$ 'EP' 'AMFO=TERA CRWMENO$;
PAMPOLLA D' "E=TERA TOIAUTA PARADEIGMATA 'EN "HNIOCEIAI$ TE
'ESTI KAI 'EN "ETEROI$, 'EN "OISIN MAQEIN DUNATON "OTI4 PARA FUSIN
KATASKEUAZOUSIN0 "OI 'ARISTERA DEXIWN 'ASQENE=STERA KATASKEUAZONTE$.
TAUTA D', "OPER 'EIPOMEN, 'EN MEN KERATINOI$ PLHKTROI$
<P 795B>
KAI 'EN 'ORGANOI$ TOIOUTOI$ 'OUDEN MEGA; SIDHROI$ D' 'EI$ TON
POLEMON "OTAN DEHI5 CRHSQAI, MEGA DIAFEREI0, KAI TOXOI$ KAI
'AKONTIOI$ KAI "EKASTOI$ TOUTWN, POLU DE MEGISTON, "OTAN "OPLOI$
DEHI5 PRO$ "OPLA CRHSQAI. DIAFEREI0 DE PAMPOLU MAQWN MH
MAQONTO$ KAI "O GUMNASAMENO$ TOU* MH GEGUMNASMENOU. KAQAPER
GAR "O TELEW$ PAGKRATION 'HSKHKW$ 'H= PUGMHN 'H= PALHN
'OUK 'APO MEN TWN 'ARISTERWN 'ADUNATO$ 'ESTI MACESQAI,
CWLAINEI0 DE-KAI 'EFELKETAI PLHMMELWN, "OPOTAN 'AUTON TI$
<P 795C>
METABIBAZWN 'EPI QATERA 'ANAGKAZHI5 DIAPONEIN, 'TAUTON DH
TOUT' 'OIMAI, KAI 'EN "OPLOI$ KAI 'EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$ PASI CRH
PROSDOKAN 'ORQON, "OTI4 TON DITTA DEI KEKTHMENON, "OI$ 'AMUNOITO0
T' 'AN4 KAI 'EPITIQEITO 'ALLOI$, MHDEN 'ARGON TOUTWN MHDE
'ANEPISTHMON 'EA*N 'EINAI KATA DUNAMIN; GHRUONOU DE-GE 'EI TI$
FUSIN 'ECWN 'H=-KAI THN BRIAREW FUOITO, TAI$ "EKATON CERSIN
"EKATON DEI BELH "RIPTEIN DUNATON 'EINAI. TOUTWN DH PANTWN
<P 795D>
THN 'EPIMELEIAN 'ARCOUSAI$ TE-KAI 'ARCOUSI4 DEI GIGNESQAI, TAI$
MEN 'EN PAIDIAI$ TE-KAI TROFAI$ 'EPISKOPOI$ GIGNOMENAI$, TOI$
DE PERI= MAQHMATA, "OPW$ 'ARTIPODE$ TE-KAI 'ARTICEIRE$ PANTE$
TE-KAI PASAI GIGNOMENOI, MHDEN TOI$ 'EQESIN 'APOBLAPTWSI
TA$ FUSEI$ 'EI$ TO DUNATON.
TA DE MAQHMATA POU DITTA, "W$ G' 'EIPEIN, CRHSASQAI
SUMBAINOI 'AN4, TA MEN "OSA PERI= TO SWMA GUMNASTIKH$, TA
D' 'EUYUCIA$ CARIN MOUSIKH$. TA DE GUMNASTIKH$ 'AU DUO,
<P 795E>
TO MEN 'ORCHSI$, TO DE PALH. TH$ 'ORCHSEW$ DE 'ALLH MEN
MOUSH$ LEXIN MIMOUMENWN, TO TE MEGALOPREPE$ FULATTONTA$
"AMA KAI 'ELEUQERON, 'ALLH DE, 'EUEXIA$ 'ELAFROTHTO$ TE "ENEKA
KAI KALLOU$, TWN TOU* SWMATO$ 'AUTOU4 MELWN KAI MERWN TO
PROSHKON0 KAMPH$ TE-KAI 'EKTASEW$, KAI 'APODIDOMENH$ "EKASTOI$
'AUTOI$ "AUTWN 'EURUQMOU KINHSEW$, DIASPEIROMENH$ "AMA
KAI SUNAKOLOUQOUSH$ 'EI$ PASAN THN 'ORCHSIN "IKANW$. KAI-DH


<P 796A>
TA GE KATA PALHN "A MEN 'ANTAIO$ 'H= KERKUWN 'EN TECNAI$
"EAUTWN SUNESTHSANTO FILONIKIA$ 'ACRHSTOU CARIN, 'H= PUGMH$
'EPEIO$ 'H= 'AMUKO$, 'OUDEN CRHSIMA 'EPI POLEMOU KOINWNIAN
'ONTA, 'OUK 'A=XIA LOGWI KOSMEIN; TA DE 'AP' 'ORQH$ PALH$, 'AP'
'AUCENWN KAI CEIRWN KAI PLEURWN 'EXEILHSEW$, META FILONIKIA$
TE-KAI KATASTASEW$ DIAPONOUMENA MET' 'EUSCHMONO$
"RWMH$ TE-KAI "UGIEIA$ "ENEKA, TAUT' 'EI$ PANTA 'ONTA CRHSIMA
'OU PARETEON, 'ALLA= PROSTAKTEON MAQHTAI$ TE "AMA KAI TOI$
<P 796B>
DIDAXOUSIN5, "OTAN 'ENTAUQ' 'WMEN TWN NOMWN, TOI$ MEN PANTA
TA TOIAUTA 'EUMENW$ DWREISQAI, TOI$ DE PARALAMBANEIN 'EN
CARISIN. 'OUD' "OSA 'EN TOI$ COROI$ 'ESTIN 'AU MIMHMATA PROSHKONTA
MIMEISQAI PARETEON, KATA MEN TON TOPON TONDE KOURHTWN
'ENO=PLIA PAIGNIA, KATA DE LAKEDAIMONA DIOSKORWN.
"H DE 'AU POU PAR' "HMIN KORH KAI DESPOINA, 'EUFRANQEISA THI
TH$ COREIA$ PAIDIA*I, KENAI$ CERSIN 'OUK 'WIHQH DEIN 'AQUREIN,
<P 796C>
PANOPLIA\ DE PANTELEI KOSMHQEISA, "OUTW THN 'ORCHSIN DIAPERAINEIN;
"A DH PANTW$ MIMEISQAI PREPON 'AN4 'EIH KOROU$ TE
"AMA KAI KORA$, THN TH$ QEOU CARIN TIMWNTA$, POLEMOU T' 'EN
CREIA\ KAI "EORTWN "ENEKA. TOI$ DE-POU PAISIN 'EUQU$ TE-KAI
"OSON 'AN4 CRONON MHPW 'EI$ POLEMON 'IWSIN, PASI QEOI$ PROSODOU$
TE-KAI POMPA$ POIOUMENOU$ MEQ' "OPLWN TE-KAI "IPPWN
'AEI KOSMEISQAI DEON 'AN4 'EIH, QATTOU$ TE-KAI BRADUTERA$ 'EN
'ORCHSESI KAI 'EN POREIA\ TA$ "IKETEIA$ POIOUMENOU$ PRO$ QEOU$
<P 796D>
TE-KAI QEWN PAIDA$. KAI 'AGWNA$ DH-KAI PROAGWNA$, 'EI
TINWN, 'OUK 'ALLWN 'H= TOUTWN "ENEKA PROAGWNISTEON; "OUTOI GAR-KAI
'EN 'EIRHNHI KAI KATA POLEMON CRHSIMOI 'EI$ TE POLITEIAN KAI
'IDIOU$ 'OIKOU$, "OI DE 'ALLOI PONOI TE-KAI PAIDIAI KAI SPOUDAI
KATA SWMATA 'OUK 'ELEUQERWN, 'W* MEGILLE TE-KAI KLEINIA.
"HN 'EIPON GUMNASTIKHN 'EN TOI$ PRWTOI$ LOGOI$ "OTI4 DEOI
DIEXELQEIN, SCEDON DH DIELHLUQA TA NU*N, KAI 'ESQ' "AU=TH
PANTELH$; 'EI DE TINA TAUTH$ "UMEI$ 'ECETE0 BELTIW, QENTE$
<P 796E>
'EI$ KOINON LEGETE3.
KL _ 'OU "RA\DION, 'W* XENE, PARENTA$ TAUTA 'A=LLA 'ECEIN
BELTIW TOUTWN PERI= GUMNASTIKH$ "AMA KAI 'AGWNIA$ 'EIPEIN.
AQ _ TO TOINUN TOUTOI$ "EXH$ PERI= TA TWN MOUSWN TE-KAI
'APOLLWNO$ DWRA, TO=TE MEN, "W$ "APANTA 'EIRHKOTE$, 'WIOMEQA
KATALEIPEIN MONA TA PERI= GUMNASTIKH$; NU*N D' 'ESTIN DHLA
"A T' 'ESTIN KAI "OTI4 PRWTA PASIN "RHTEA. LEGWMEN TOINUN
"EXH$ 'AUTA.
KL _ PANU MEN-'OUN LEKTEON.


<P 797A>
AQ _ 'AKOUSATE DE MOU, PROAKHKOOTE$ MEN-KAI 'EN TOI$
PROSQEN; "OMW$ DE TO GE SFO=DRA 'ATOPON KAI 'AHQE$ DIEULABEISQAI
DEI LEGONTA KAI 'AKOUONTA, KAI-DH-KAI NU*N. 'ERW2
MEN-GAR 'EGW LOGON 'OUK 'AFOBON 'EIPEIN, "OMW$ DE PHI QARRHSA$
'OUK 'APOSTHSOMAI.
KL _ TI=NA DH TOUTON, 'W* XENE, LEGEI$:
AQ _ FHMI KATA PASA$ POLEI$ TO TWN PAIDIWN GENO$
'HGNOHSQAI SUMPASIN "OTI4 KURIWTATON 'ESTI PERI= QESEW$ NOMWN,
'H= MONIMOU$ 'EINAI TOU$ TEQENTA$ 'H= MH. TACQEN MEN-GAR
<P 797B>
'AUTO KAI METASCON TOU* TA 'AUTA KATA TA 'AUTA KAI
"WSAUTW$ 'AEI TOU$ 'AUTOU$ PAIZEIN TE-KAI 'EUQUMEISQAI TOI$
'AUTOI$ PAIGNIOI$, 'EA*I0 KAI TA SPOUDHI KEIMENA NOMIMA MENEIN0
"HSUCHI, KINOUMENA DE TA 'AUTA KAI KAINOTOMOUMENA, METABOLAI$
TE 'ALLAI$ 'AEI CRWMENA, KAI MHDEPOTE 'TAUTA FILA
PROSAGOREUONTWN0 TWN NEWN, MHT' 'EN SCHMASIN TOI$ TWN "AUTWN
SWMATWN MHTE 'EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$ SKEUESIN "OMOLOGOUMENW$
'AUTOI$ 'AEI KEISQAI TO T' 'EUSCHMON KAI 'ASCHMON, 'ALLA= TON
<P 797C>
TI NEON 'AEI KAINOTOMOUNTA KAI 'EISFERONTA TWN 'EIWQOTWN
"ETERON KATA TE SCHMATA KAI CRWMATA KAI PANTA "OSA TOIAUTA,
TOUTON TIMASQAI DIAFERONTW$, TOUTOU POLEI LWBHN 'OUK 'EINAI
MEIZW FAIMEN 'AN4 'ORQOTATA LEGONTE$; LANQANEIN GAR TWN
NEWN TA 'HQH MEQISTANTA KAI POIEIN TO MEN 'ARCAION PAR'
'AUTOI$ 'ATIMON, TO DE NEON 'ENTIMON. TOUTOU DE PALIN 'AU
LEGW0 TOU* TE "RHMATO$ KAI TOU* DOGMATO$ 'OUK 'EINAI ZHMIAN
MEIZW PASAI$ POLESIN; 'AKOUSATE DE "OSON FHMI 'AUT' 'EINAI
KAKON.
<P 797D>
KL _ 'H* TO YEGESQAI THN 'ARCAIOTHTA LEGEI$ 'EN TAI$
POLESIN:
AQ _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
KL _ 'OU FAULOU$ TOINUN "HMA$ 'AN4 'AKROATA$ PRO$ 'AUTON
TON LOGON 'ECOI$ 'AN4 TOUTON, 'ALL' "W$ DUNATON 'EUMENESTATOU$.
AQ _ 'EIKO$ GOUN.
KL _ LEGE MONON.
AQ _ 'ITE DH, MEIZONW$ 'AUTON 'AKOUSWMEN TE "HMWN-'AUTWN
KAI PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ "OUTW$ 'EIPWMEN. METABOLHN GAR-DH
PANTWN PLHN KAKWN POLU SFALERWTATON "EURHSOMEN 'EN "WRAI$
PASAI$, 'EN PNEUMASIN, 'EN DIAITAI$ SWMATWN, 'EN TROPOI$
<P 797E>
YUCWN, 'EN "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN 'OU TOI$ MEN, TOI$ D' 'OU=, PLHN,
"OTIPER2 'EIPON NUNDH, KAKOI$; "WSTE, 'EI TI$ 'APOBLEYEIE PRO$
SWMATA, "W$ PASI MEN SITIOI$, PASI D' 'AU POTOI$ KAI PONOI$
SUNHQH GIGNOMENA, KAI TO PRWTON TARACQENTA "UP' 'AUTWN,
'EPEIT' 'EX 'AUTWN TOUTWN "UPO CRONOU SARKA$ FUSANTA 'OIKEIA$


<P 798A>
TOUTOI$, FILA TE-KAI SUNHQH KAI GNWRIMA GENOMENA "APASHI
TAUTHI THI DIAITHI PRO$ "HDONHN KAI "UGIEIAN 'ARISTA DIAGEI0, KAI
'AN2 POT' 'A=RA 'ANAGKASQHI METABALLEIN 'AUQI$ "HNTINOUN TWN
'EUDOKIMWN DIAITWN, TO GE KAT' 'ARCA$ SUNTARACQEI$ "UPO
NOSWN MOGI$ POTE KATESTH, THN SUNHQEIAN THI TROFHI PALIN
'APOLABWN, 'TAUTON DH DEI NOMIZEIN TOUTO GIGNESQAI KAI PERI=
TA$ TWN 'ANQRWPWN DIANOIA$ TE "AMA KAI TA$ TWN YUCWN
FUSEI$. "OI$ GAR 'AN4 'ENTRAFWSIN NOMOI$ KAI KATA TINA QEIAN
<P 798B>
'EUTUCIAN 'AKINHTOI GENWNTAI MAKRWN KAI POLLWN CRONWN, "W$
MHDENA 'ECEIN MNEIAN MHDE 'AKOHN TOU* POTE 'ALLW$ 'AUTA SCEIN
'H= KAQAPER NU*N 'ECEI0, SEBETAI KAI FOBEITAI PASA "H YUCH
TO TI KINEIN TWN TO=TE KAQESTWTWN. MHCANHN DH DEI TON
NOMOQETHN 'ENNOEIN "AMOQEN GE POQEN "ONTINA TROPON TOUT'
'ESTAI THI POLEI. THID' 'OUN 'EGWGE "EURISKW0. TA$ PAIDIA$
PANTE$ DIANOOUNTAI KINOUMENA$ TWN NEWN, "OPER 'EMPROSQEN
'ELEGOMEN, PAIDIA$ 'ONTW$ 'EINAI KAI 'OU THN MEGISTHN 'EX 'AUTWN
<P 798C>
SPOUDHN KAI BLABHN SUMBAINEIN, "WSTE 'OUK 'APOTREPOUSIN0
'ALLA= SUNEPONTAI "UPEIKONTE$ KAI 'OU LOGIZONTAI TODE, "OTI4
TOUTOU$ 'ANAGKH TOU$ PAIDA$ TOU$ 'EN TAI$ PAIDIAI$ NEWTERIZONTA$
"ETEROU$ 'ANDRA$ TWN 'EMPROSQEN GENESQAI PAIDWN,
GENOMENOU$ DE 'ALLOU$, 'ALLON BION ZHTEIN, ZHTHSANTA$ DE,
"ETERWN 'EPITHDEUMATWN KAI NOMWN 'EPIQUMHSAI0, KAI META TOUTO
"W$ "HXONTO$ TOU* NUNDH LEGOMENOU MEGISTOU KAKOU POLESIN
<P 798D>
'OUDEI$ 'AUTWN FOBEITAI. TA MEN-'OUN 'A=LLA 'ELATTW METABALLOMENA
KAKA DIEXERGAZOIT' 'AN4 "OSA PERI= SCHMATA PASCEI0
TO TOIOUTON; "OSA DE PERI= TA TWN 'HQWN 'EPAINOU TE-KAI YOGOU
PE=RI PUKNA METAPIPTEI0, PANTWN, 'OIOMAI, MEGISTA TE-KAI
PLEISTH$ 'EULABEIA$ DEOMENA 'AN4 'EIH.
KL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ _ TI= 'OUN: TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN LOGOI$ PISTEUOMEN, "OI$
'ELEGOMEN "W$ TA PERI= TOU$ "RUQMOU$ KAI PASAN MOUSIKHN
'ESTIN TROPWN MIMHMATA BELTIONWN KAI CEIRONWN 'ANQRWPWN:
<P 798E>
'H= PW*$:
KL _ 'OUDAMW$ 'ALLW$ PW$ TO GE PAR' "HMIN DOGMA 'ECON
'AN4 'EIH.
AQ _ 'OUKOU*N, FAMEN, "APASAN MHCANHTEON MHCANHN "OPW$
'AN4 "HMIN "OI PAIDE$ MHTE 'EPIQUMWSIN 'ALLWN MIMHMATWN
"APTESQAI KATA 'ORCHSEI$ 'H= KATA MELWIDIA$, MHTE TI$ 'AUTOU$
PEISHI6 PROSAGWN PANTOIA$ "HDONA$:
KL _ 'ORQOTATA LEGEI$.


<P 799A>
AQ _ 'ECEI0 TI$ 'OUN "HMWN 'EPI TA TOIAUTA BELTIW TINA
TECNHN TH$ TWN 'AIGUPTIWN:
KL _ POI=A$ DH LEGEI$:
AQ _ TOU* KAQIERWSAI0 PASAN MEN 'ORCHSIN, PANTA DE
MELH, TAXANTA$ PRWTON MEN TA$ "EORTA$, SULLOGISAMENOU$ 'EI$
TON 'ENIAUTON "ASTINA$ 'EN "OI$ CRONOI$ KAI "OISTISIN "EKASTOI$
TWN QEWN KAI PAISI TOUTWN KAI DAIMOSI GIGNESQAI CREWN,
META DE TOUTO, 'EPI TOI$ TWN QEWN QUMASIN "EKASTOI$ "HN 'WIDHN
DEI 'EFUMNEISQAI, KAI COREIAI$ POI=AISIN GERAIREIN THN TO=TE
<P 799B>
QUSIAN, TAXAI0 MEN PRWTON TINA$, "A D' 'AN4 TACQHI, MOIRAI$
KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ PASI QEOI$ QUSANTA$ KOINHI PANTA$ TOU$
POLITA$, SPENDONTA$ KAQIEROUN0 "EKASTA$ TA$ 'WIDA$ "EKASTOI$
TWN QEWN KAI TWN 'ALLWN; 'AN2 DE PAR' 'AUTA TI$ TWI QEWN
'ALLOU$ "UMNOU$ 'H= COREIA$ PROSAGHI5, TOU$ "IEREA$ TE-KAI TA$
"IEREIA$ META NOMOFULAKWN 'EXEIRGONTA$ "OSIW$ 'EXEIRGEIN KAI
KATA NOMON, TON DE 'EXEIRGOMENON, 'AN2 MH "EKWN 'EXEIRGHTAI,
DIKA$ 'ASEBEIA$ DIA= BIOU PANTO$ TW*I 'EQELHSANTI PARECEIN.
KL _ 'ORQW$.
<P 799C>
AQ _ PRO$ TOUTWI DH NU*N GENOMENOI TW*I LOGWI, PAQWMEN
TO PREPON "HMIN-'AUTOI$.
KL _ TOU*2 PE=RI LEGEI$:
AQ _ PA$ POU NEO$, MH-"OTI4 PRESBUTH$, 'IDWN 'AN4 'H=-KAI
'AKOUSA$ "OTIOUN TWN 'EKTOPWN KAI MHDAMHI PW$ SUNHQWN, 'OUK
'AN4 POTE POU TO 'APORHQEN PERI= 'AUTWN SUGCWRHSEIEN 'EPIDRAMWN
"OUTW$ 'EUQU$, STA$ D' 'AN4, KAQAPER 'EN TRIODWI GENOMENO$
KAI MH SFO=DRA KATEIDW$ "ODON, 'EI=TE MONO$ 'EI=TE MET'
<P 799D>
'ALLWN TUCOI POREUOMENO$, 'ANEROIT' 'AN4 "AUTON KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$
TO 'APOROUMENON, KAI 'OUK 'AN4 PROTERON "ORMHSEIEN, PRIN PHI
BEBAIWSAITO THN SKEYIN TH$ POREIA$ "OPHI POTE FEREI0. KAI-DH-KAI
TO PARON "HMIN "WSAUTW$ POIHTEON; 'ATOPOU GAR TA
NU*N 'EMPEPTWKOTO$ LOGOU PERI= NOMWN, 'ANAGKH POU SKEYIN
PASAN POIHSASQAI, KAI MH "RA\DIW$ "OUTW$ PERI= TOSOUTWN
THLIKOUTOU$ 'ONTA$ FANAI DIISCURIZOMENOU$ 'EN TW*I PARACRHMA
TI SAFE$ 'AN4 'EIPEIN 'ECEIN.
KL _ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
<P 799E>
AQ _ 'OUKOU*N TOUTWI MEN CRONON DWSOMEN, BEBAIWSOMEN
DE TO=TE 'AUTO, "OPOTAN SKEYWMEQA "IKANW$; "INA DE MH THN
"EPOMENHN TAXIN TOI$ NOMOI$ TOI$ NU*N "HMIN PAROUSI DIAPERANASQAI
KWLUQWMEN MATHN, 'IWMEN PRO$ TO TELO$ 'AUTWN.
TACA GAR 'ISW$, 'EI QEO$ 'EQELOI, 'KAN4 "H DIEXODO$ "AU=TH "OLH
SCOUSA TELO$ "IKANW$ 'AN4 MHNUSEIE KAI TO NU*N
DIAPOROUMENON.
KL _ 'ARIST', 'W* XENE, LEGEI$, KAI POIWMEN "OUTW$ "W$
'EIRHKA$.
AQ _ DEDOCQW MEN-DH, FAMEN, TO 'ATOPON TOUTO, NOMOU$
TA$ 'WIDA$ "HMIN GEGONENAI, KAI KAQAPER "OI PALAIOI TO=TE PERI=
KIQARWIDIAN "OUTW PW$, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'WNOMASAN % "WSTE TAC'


<P 800A>
'AN4 'OUD' 'EKEINOI PANTAPASI G' 'AN4 'AFESTWTE$-'EIEN TOU* NU*N
LEGOMENOU, KAQ' "UPNON DE "OION POU TI$ 'H=-KAI "UPAR 'EGRHGORW$
'WNEIRWXEN MANTEUOMENO$ 'AUTO % TO D'-'OUN DOGMA PERI=
'AUTOU4 TOUT' 'ESTW; PARA TA DHMO=SIA MELH TE-KAI "IERA KAI
THN TWN NEWN SUMPASAN COREIAN MHDEI$ MALLON 'H= PAR'
"ONTINOUN 'ALLON TWN NOMWN FQEGGESQW MHD' 'EN 'ORCHSEI
KINEISQW. KAI "O MEN TOIOUTO$ 'AZHMIO$ 'APALLATTESQW, TON
DE MH PEIQOMENON, KAQAPER 'ERRHQH NUNDH, NOMOFULAKE$ TE-KAI
<P 800B>
"IEREIAI KAI "IERH$ KOLAZONTWN2. KEISQW DE NU*N "HMIN
TAUTA TW*I LOGWI:
KL _ KEISQW.
AQ _ TI=NA DH TROPON 'AUTA NOMOQETWN TI$ MH PANTAPASIN
KATAGELASTO$ GIGNOIT' 'AN4: 'IDWMEN DH TO TOIOND' 'ETI PERI=
'AUTA. 'ASFALESTATON KAQAPER 'EKMAGEI' 'ATT' 'AUTOISIN PRWTON
PLASASQAI TW*I LOGWI, LEGW0 DE "EN MEN TWN 'EKMAGEIWN 'EINAI
TOIONDE TI; QUSIA$ GENOMENH$ KAI "IERWN KAUQENTWN5 KATA
NOMON, 'EI TWI TI$, FAMEN, 'IDIA\ PARASTA$ TOI$ BWMOI$ TE-KAI
<P 800C>
"IEROI$, "UO$ 'H=-KAI 'ADELFO$, BLASFHMOI PASAN BLASFHMIAN,
'A*R' 'OUK, 'AN4 FAIMEN, 'AQUMIAN KAI KAKHN 'OTTAN KAI MANTEIAN
PATRI KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ 'AN4 'OIKEIOI$ FQEGGOITO 'ENTIQEI=$:
KL _ TI= MHN:
AQ _ 'EN TOINUN TOI$ PAR' "HMIN TOPOI$ TOUT' 'ESTIN TAI$
POLESI GIGNOMENON "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN SCEDON 'OLIGOU PASAI$;
DHMOSIA\ GAR TINA QUSIAN "OTAN 'ARCH TI$ QUSHI6, META TAUTA
CORO$ 'OUC "EI$ 'ALLA= PLHQO$ CORWN "HKEI0, KAI STANTE$ 'OU
<P 800D>
PORRW TWN BWMWN 'ALLA= PAR' 'AUTOU$ 'ENIOTE, PASAN BLASFHMIAN
TWN "IERWN KATACEOUSIN0, "RHMASI TE-KAI "RUQMOI$ KAI
GOWDESTATAI$ "ARMONIAI$ SUNTEINONTE$ TA$ TWN 'AKROWMENWN
YUCA$, KAI "O$4 'AN4 DAKRUSAI0 MALISTA THN QUSASAN PARACRHMA
POIHSHI6 POLIN, "OUTO$ TA NIKHTHRIA FEREI0. TOUTON DH
TON NOMON 'A*R' 'OUK 'APOYHFIZOMEQA: KAI 'EI POT' 'A=RA DEI
TOIOUTWN 'OIKTWN GIGNESQAI TOU$ POLITA$ 'EPHKOOU$, "OPOTAN
"HMERAI MH KAQARAI TINE$ 'ALLA= 'APOFRADE$ 'WSIN, TO=Q' "HKEIN
<P 800E>
DEON 'AN4 'EIH MALLON COROU$ TINA$ 'EXWQEN MEMISQWMENOU$
'WIDOU$, "OION "OI PERI= TOU$ TELEUTHSANTA$ MISQOUMENOI KARIKHI
TINI MOUSHI PROPEMPOUSI0 TOU$ TELEUTHSANTA$: TOIOUTON POU
PREPON 'AN4 'EIH KAI PERI= TA$ TOIAUTA$ 'WIDA$ GIGNOMENON, KAI-DH-KAI
STOLH GE-POU TAI$ 'EPIKHDEIOI$ 'WIDAI$ 'OU STEFANOI
PREPOIEN 'AN4 'OUD' 'EPICRUSOI KOSMOI, PAN DE 'TOUNANTION, "IN'
"OTI2 TACISTA PERI= 'AUTWN LEGWN 'APALLATTWMAI. TO DE TOSOUTON
"HMA$-'AUTOU$ 'EPANERWTW0 PALIN, TWN 'EKMAGEIWN TAI$
'WIDAI$ 'EI PRWTON "EN TOUQ' "HMIN 'ARESKON KEISQW.
KL _ TO POI*ON:
AQ _ 'EUFHMIA, KAI-DH-KAI TO TH$ 'WIDH$ GENO$ 'EUFHMON


<P 801A>
"HMIN PANTHI PANTW$ "UPARCETW: 'H= MHDEN 'EPANERWTW3, TIQW
DE TOUTO "OUTW$:
KL _ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN TIQEI5; NIKA*I0 GAR PASAISI TAI$
YHFOI$ "OUTO$ "O NOMO$.
AQ _ TI=$ DH MET' 'EUFHMIAN DEUTERO$ 'AN4 'EIH NOMO$ MOUSIKH$:
'A*R' 'OUK 'EUCA$ 'EINAI TOI$ QEOI$ "OI$ QUOMEN "EKASTOTE:
KL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ _ TRITO$ D' 'OIMAI NOMO$, "OTI4 GNONTA$ DEI TOU$ POIHTA$
"W$ 'EUCAI PARA QEWN 'AITHSEI$ 'EISIN, DEI DH TON NOUN 'AUTOU$
<P 801B>
SFO=DRA PROSECEIN MH POTE LAQWSIN KAKON "W$ 'AGAQON 'AITOUMENOI;
GELOION GAR-DH TO PAQO$ 'OIMAI TOUT' 'AN4 GIGNOITO,
'EUCH$ TOIAUTH$ GENOMENH$.
KL _ TI= MHN:
AQ _ 'OUKOU*N "HMEI$ 'EMPROSQEN SMIKRON TW*I LOGWI 'EPEISQHMEN
"W$ 'OUTE 'ARGUROUN DEI PLOUTON 'OUTE CRUSOUN 'EN
POLEI "IDRUMENON 'ENOIKEIN:
KL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ TI=NO$ 'OUN POTE PARADEIGMA 'EIRHSQAI FWMEN TOUTON
TON LOGON: 'A*R' 'OU TOUDE, "OTI4 TO TWN POIHTWN GENO$ 'OU PAN
<P 801C>
"IKANON 'ESTI GIGNWSKEIN SFO=DRA TA TE 'AGAQA KAI MH: POIHSA$
'OUN-DHPOU TI$ POIHTH$ "RHMASIN 'H=-KAI KATA MELO$ TOUTO
"HMARTHMENON, 'EUCA$ 'OUK 'ORQA$, "HMIN TOU$ POLITA$ PERI= TWN
MEGISTWN 'EUCESQAI 'TANANTIA POIHSEI2; KAITOI TOUTOU, KAQAPER
'ELEGOMEN, 'OU POLLA "AMARTHMATA 'ANEURHSOMEN MEIZW. QWMEN
DH-KAI TOUTON TWN PERI= MOUSAN NOMWN KAI TUPWN "ENA:
KL _ TI=NA: SAFESTERON 'EIPE= "HMIN.
AQ _ TON POIHTHN PARA TA TH$ POLEW$ NOMIMA KAI DI=KAIA
<P 801D>
'H= KALA 'H= 'AGAQA MHDEN POIEIN 'ALLO, TA DE POIHQENTA MH
'EXEINAI TWN 'IDIWTWN MHDENI PROTERON DEIKNUNAI, PRIN 'AN4
'AUTOI$ TOI$ PERI= TAUTA 'APODEDEIGMENOI$ KRITAI$ KAI TOI$
NOMOFULAXIN DEICQHI KAI 'ARESHI6; SCEDON DE 'APODEDEIGMENOI-'EISIN
"HMIN "OU$ "EILOMEQA NOMOQETA$ PERI= TA MOUSIKA KAI TON
TH$ PAIDEIA$ 'EPIMELHTHN. TI= 'OUN: "O= POLLAKI$ 'ERWTW0, KEISQW
NOMO$ "HMIN KAI TUPO$ 'EKMAGEION TE TRITON TOUTO: 'H= PW*$ DOKEI0:
KL _ KEISQW; TI= MHN:
<P 801E>
AQ _ META GE-MHN TAUTA "UMNOI QEWN KAI 'EGKWMIA KEKOINWNHMENA
'EUCAI$ 'A\DOIT' 'AN4 'ORQOTATA, KAI META QEOU$ "WSAUTW$
PERI= DAIMONA$ TE-KAI "HRWA$ MET' 'EGKWMIWN 'EUCAI GIGNOINT'
'AN4 TOUTOI$ PASIN PREPOUSAI.
KL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ _ META GE-MHN TAUT' 'HDH NOMO$ 'ANEU FQONWN 'EUQU$
GIGNOIT' 'AN4 "ODE; TWN POLITWN "OPOSOI TELO$ 'ECOIEN TOU*
BIOU, KATA SWMATA 'H= KATA YUCA$ 'ERGA 'EXEIRGASMENOI KALA
KAI 'EPIPONA KAI TOI$ NOMOI$ 'EUPEIQEI$ GEGONOTE$, 'EGKWMIWN
'AUTOU$ TUGCANEIN PREPON 'AN4 'EIH.
KL _ PW*$ D' 'OU=:


<P 802A>
AQ _ TOU$ GE-MHN 'ETI ZWNTA$ 'EGKWMIOI$ TE-KAI "UMNOI$
TIMAN 'OUK 'ASFALE$, PRIN 'AN4 "APANTA TI$ TON BION DIADRAMWN
TELO$ 'EPISTHSHTAI KALON; TAUTA DE PANTA "HMIN 'ESTW KOINA
'ANDRASIN TE-KAI GUNAIXIN 'AGAQOI$ KAI 'AGAQAI$ DIAFANW$
GENOMENOI$. TA$ DE 'WIDA$ TE-KAI 'ORCHSEI$ "OUTWSI CRH
KAQISTASQAI. POLLA 'ESTIN PALAIWN PALAIA PERI= MOUSIKHN
KAI KALA POIHMATA, KAI-DH-KAI TOI$ SWMASIN 'ORCHSEI$
"WSAUTW$, "WN 'OUDEI$ FQONO$ 'EKLEXASQAI THI KAQISTAMENHI
<P 802B>
POLITEIA\ TO PREPON KAI "ARMOTTON; DOKIMASTA$ DE TOUTWN
"ELOMENOU$ THN 'EKLOGHN POIEISQAI MH NEWTEROU$ PENTHKONTA
'ETWN, KAI "OTI2 MEN 'AN4 "IKANON 'EINAI DOXHI6 TWN PALAIWN POIHMATWN,
'EGKRINEIN0, "OTI2 D' 'AN4 'ENDEE$ 'H= TO PARAPAN 'ANEPITHDEION,
TO MEN 'APOBALLESQAI PANTAPASIN, TO D' 'EPANEROMENON
'EPIRRUQMIZEIN, POIHTIKOU$ "AMA KAI MOUSIKOU$ 'ANDRA$ PARALABONTA$,
CRWMENOU$ 'AUTWN TAI$ DUNAMESIN TH$ POIHSEW$,
<P 802C>
TAI$ DE "HDONAI$ KAI 'EPIQUMIAI$ MH 'EPITREPONTA$ 'ALL'-'H= TISIN
'OLIGOI$, 'EXHGOUMENOU$ DE TA TOU* NOMOQETOU BOULHMATA, "OTI2
MALISTA 'ORCHSIN TE-KAI 'WIDHN KAI PASAN COREIAN SUSTHSASQAI
KATA TON 'AUTWN NOUN. PASA D' 'ATAKTO$ GE TAXIN
LABOUSA PERI= MOUSAN DIATRIBH KAI MH PARATIQEMENH$ TH$
GLUKEIA$ MOUSH$ 'AMEINWN MURIWI; TO D' "HDU KOINON PASAI$.
'EN "HI GAR 'AN4 'EK PAIDWN TI$ MECRI TH$ "ESTHKUIA$ TE-KAI
'EMFRONO$ "HLIKIA$ DIABIWI2, SWFRONI MEN MOUSHI KAI TETAGMENHI,
<P 802D>
'AKOUWN DE TH$ 'ENANTIA$, MISEI0 KAI 'ANELEUQERON 'AUTHN PROSAGOREUEI0,
TRAFEI$ D' 'EN THI KOINHI KAI GLUKEIA\, YUCRAN KAI
'AHDH THN TAUTHI 'ENANTIAN 'EINAI FHSIN; "WSTE, "OPER 'ERRHQH
NUNDH, TO GE TH$ "HDONH$ 'H= 'AHDIA$ PERI= "EKATERA$ 'OUDEN PEPLEONEKTHKEN0,
'EK PERITTOU DE "H MEN BELTIOU$, "H DE CEIROU$
TOU$ 'EN 'AUTHI TRAFENTA$ "EKASTOTE PARECETAI.
KL _ KALW$ 'EIRHKA$.
AQ _ 'ETI DE QHLEIAI$ TE PREPOUSA$ 'WIDA$ 'ARRESI TE
<P 802E>
CWRISAI0 POU DEON 'AN4 'EIH TUPWI TINI DIORISAMENON, KAI "ARMONIAISIN
DH-KAI "RUQMOI$ PROSARMOTTEIN 'ANAGKAION; DEINON
GAR "OLHI GE "ARMONIA\ 'APA\DEIN 'H= "RUQMWI 'ARRUQMEIN, MHDEN PROSHKONTA
TOUTWN "EKASTOI$ 'APODIDONTA TOI$ MELESIN. 'ANAGKAION
DH-KAI TOUTWN TA SCHMATA GE NOMOQETEIN. 'ESTIN20 DE 'AMFOTEROI$
MEN 'AMFO=TERA 'ANAGKHI KATECOMENA 'APODIDONAI, TA DE
TWN QHLEIWN 'AUTWI TW*I TH$ FUSEW$ "EKATEROU DIAFERONTI, TOUTWI
DEI KAI DIASAFEIN. TO DH MEGALOPREPE$ 'OUN-KAI TO PRO$
THN 'ANDREIAN "REPON 'ARRENWPON FATEON 'EINAI, TO DE PRO$ TO
KOSMION KAI SWFRON MALLON 'APOKLINON QHLUGENESTERON "W$
'ON PARADOTEON 'EN TE TW*I NOMWI KAI LOGWI. TAXI$ MEN-DH


<P 803A>
TI$ "AU=TH; TOUTWN DE 'AUTWN DIDASKALIA KAI PARADOSI$
LEGESQW TO META TOUTO, TI=NA TROPON CRH KAI "OISTISIN KAI
PO=TE PRATTEIN "EKASTA 'AUTWN. "OION DH TI$ NAUPHGO$ THN TH$
NAUPHGIA$ 'ARCHN KATABALLOMENO$ TA TROPIDEIA "UPOGRAFETAI
TWN PLOIWN SCHMATA, 'TAUTON DH MOI 'KAGW FAINOMAI 'EMAUTWI
DRAN, TA TWN BIWN PEIRWMENO$ SCHMATA DIASTHSASQAI KATA
TROPOU$ TOU$ TWN YUCWN, 'ONTW$ 'AUTWN TA TROPIDEIA KATABALLESQAI,
<P 803B>
POI=A\ MHCANHI KAI TI=SIN POTE TROPOI$ SUNONTE$
TON BION 'ARISTA DIA= TOU* PLOU TOUTOU TH$ ZWH$ DIAKOMISQHSOMEQA,
TOUTO SKOPEIN 'ORQW$. 'ESTI DH-TOINUN TA TWN
'ANQRWPWN PRAGMATA MEGALH$ MEN SPOUDH$ 'OUK 'A=XIA, 'ANAGKAION
GE-MHN SPOUDAZEIN; TOUTO DE 'OUK 'EUTUCE$. 'EPEIDH
DE 'ENTAUQA 'ESMEN, 'EI PW$ DIA= PROSHKONTO$ TINO$ 'AUTO PRATTOIMEN,
'ISW$ 'AN4 "HMIN SUMMETRON 'AN4 'EIH. LEGW0 DE-DH TI= POTE:
'ISW$ 'MENTAN4 TI$ MOI TOUT' 'AUTO "UPOLABWN 'ORQW$ "UPOLABOI.
<P 803C>
KL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ FHMI CRHNAI0 TO MEN SPOUDAION SPOUDAZEIN, TO DE
MH SPOUDAION MH, FUSEI DE 'EINAI QEON MEN PASH$ MAKARIOU
SPOUDH$ 'AXION, 'ANQRWPON DE, "OPER 'EIPOMEN 'EMPROSQEN, QEOU
TI PAIGNION 'EINAI-MEMHCANHMENON, KAI 'ONTW$ TOUTO 'AUTOU4 TO
BELTISTON GEGONENAI; TOUTWI DH DEIN TW*I TROPWI SUNEPOMENON
KAI PAIZONTA "OTI2 KALLISTA$ PAIDIA$ PANT' 'ANDRA KAI GUNAIKA
"OUTW DIABIWNAI0, 'TOUNANTION 'H= NU*N DIANOHQENTA$.
<P 803D>
KL _ PW*$:
AQ _ NU*N MEN-POU TA$ SPOUDA$ 'OIONTAI DEIN "ENEKA TWN
PAIDIWN GIGNESQAI; TA GAR PERI= TON POLEMON "HGOUNTAI
SPOUDAI*A 'ONTA TH$ 'EIRHNH$ "ENEKA DEIN 'EU TIQESQAI. TO D'
'H*N 'EN POLEMWI MEN-'A=RA-'OUT'-'OUN PAIDIA PEFUKUIA 'OUT' 'AU
PAIDEIA POTE "HMIN 'AXIOLOGO$, 'OUTE 'OUSA 'OUT' 'ESOMENH, "O= DH
FAMEN "HMIN GE 'EINAI SPOUDAIOTATON; DEI DH TON KAT' 'EIRHNHN
BION "EKASTON PLEISTON TE-KAI 'ARISTON DIEXELQEIN. TI=$ 'OUN
<P 803E>
'ORQOTH$: PAIZONTA 'ESTIN DIABIWTEON TINA$ DH PAIDIA$, QUONTA
KAI 'A\DONTA KAI 'ORCOUMENON, "WSTE TOU$ MEN QEOU$ "ILEW$ "AUTWI
PARASKEUAZEIN DUNATON 'EINAI, TOU$ D' 'ECQROU$ 'AMUNESQAI KAI
NIKAN MACOMENON; "OPOI*A DE 'A\DWN 'AN4 TI$ KAI 'ORCOUMENO$ 'AMFO=TERA
TAUTA PRATTOI, TO MEN TWN TUPWN 'EIRHTAI KAI KAQAPER
"ODOI TETMHNTAI KAQ' "A$ 'ITEON, PROSDOKWNTA KAI TON POIHTHN
'EU LEGEIN TO %


<P 804A>
THLEMAC'9, 'A=LLA9 MEN9 'AUTO$9 'ENI9 FRESI9 SHISI9 NOHSEI$9,
'A=LLA9 DE9-KAI9 DAIMWN9 "UPOQHSETAI9; 'OU9-GAR9 'OIW90
'OU9 SE9 QEWN9 'AEKHTI9 GENESQAI9 TE9 TRAFEMEN9 TE9.
'TAUTON DH-KAI TOU$ "HMETEROU$ TROFIMOU$ DEI DIANOOUMENOU$ TA
MEN 'EIRHMENA 'APOCRWNTW$ NOMIZEIN 'EIRHSQAI, TA DE-KAI TON
DAIMONA TE-KAI QEON 'AUTOISIN "UPOQHSESQAI QUSIWN TE PE=RI
<P 804B>
KAI COREIWN, "OISTISI TE-KAI "OPOTE "EKASTA "EKASTOI$ PROSPAIZONTE$
TE-KAI "ILEOUMENOI KATA TON TROPON TH$ FUSEW$ DIABIWSONTAI,
QAUMATA 'ONTE$ TO POLU, SMIKRA DE 'ALHQEIA$ 'ATTA
METECONTE$.
ME _ PANTAPASI TO TWN 'ANQRWPWN GENO$ "HMIN, 'W* XENE
DIAFAULIZEI$.
AQ _ MH QAUMASHI$, 'W* MEGILLE, 'ALLA= SUGGNWQI MOI; PRO$
GAR TON QEON 'APIDWN KAI PAQWN 'EIPON "OPER 'EIRHKA NU*N. 'ESTW
D'-'OUN TO GENO$ "HMWN MH FAULON, 'EI SOI4 FILON, SPOUDH$ DE
<P 804C>
TINO$ 'AXION.
TO D' "EXH$ TOUTOI$, 'OIKODOMIAI MEN 'EIRHNTAI GUMNASIWN
"AMA KAI DIDASKALEIWN KOINWN TRICHI KATA MESHN THN POLIN,
'EXWQEN DE "IPPWN 'AU TRICHI PERI= TO 'ASTU GUMNASIA TE-KAI
'EURUCWRIA, TOXIKH$ TE-KAI TWN 'ALLWN 'AKROBOLISMWN "ENEKA
DIAKEKOSMHMENA, MAQHSEW$ TE "AMA KAI MELETH$ TWN NEWN; 'EI
D'-'A=RA MH TO=TE "IKANW$ 'ERRHQHSAN, NU*N 'EIRHSQW TW*I LOGWI META
NOMWN. 'EN DE TOUTOI$ PASIN DIDASKALOU$ "EKASTWN PEPEISMENOU$
<P 804D>
MISQOI$ 'OIKOUNTA$ XENOU$ DIDASKEIN TE PANTA "OSA
PRO$ TON POLEMON 'ESTIN MAQHMATA TOU$ FOITWNTA$ "OSA TE
PRO$ MOUSIKHN, 'OUC "ON MEN 'AN4 "O PATHR BOULHTAI, FOITWNTA,
"ON D' 'AN4 MH, 'EWNTA TA$ PAIDEIA$, 'ALLA= TO LEGOMENON PANT'
'ANDRA KAI PAIDA KATA TO DUNATON, "W$ TH$ POLEW$ MALLON 'H=
TWN GENNHTORWN 'ONTA$, PAIDEUTEON 'EX 'ANAGKH$. TA 'AUTA DE-DH-KAI
PERI= QHLEIWN "O MEN 'EMO$ NOMO$ 'AN4 'EIPOI PANTA "OSAPER
<P 804E>
KAI PERI= TWN 'ARRENWN, 'ISA KAI TA$ QHLEIA$ 'ASKEIN DEIN; KAI
'OUDEN FOBHQEI$ 'EIPOIM' 'AN4 TOUTON TON LOGON 'OUTE "IPPIKH$
'OUTE GUMNASTIKH$, "W$ 'ANDRASI MEN PREPON 'AN4 'EIH, GUNAIXI
DE 'OUK 'AN4 PREPON. 'AKOUWN MEN-GAR-DH MUQOU$ PALAIOU$
PEPEISMAI, TA DE NU*N "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN 'OIDA "OTI4 MURIADE$
'ANARIQMHTOI GUNAIKWN 'EISI TWN PERI= TON PONTON, "A$ SAUROMATIDA$


<P 805A>
KALOUSIN0, "AI$ 'OUC "IPPWN MONON 'ALLA=-KAI TOXWN KAI
TWN 'ALLWN "OPLWN KOINWNIA KAI TOI$ 'ANDRASIN 'ISH PROSTETAGMENH
'ISW$ 'ASKEITAI. LOGISMON DE PRO$ TOUTOI$ PERI= TOUTWN
TOIONDE TINA 'ECW0; FHMI, 'EIPER TAUTA "OUTW SUMBAINEIN 'ESTIN
DUNATA, PANTWN 'ANOHTOTATA TA NU*N 'EN TOI$ PAR' "HMIN TOPOI$
GIGNESQAI TO MH PASHI "RWMHI PANTA$ "OMOQUMADON 'EPITHDEUEIN
'ANDRA$ GUNAIXIN 'TAUTA. SCEDON GAR 'OLIGOU PASA "HMISEIA
POLI$ 'ANTI DIPLASIA$ "OUTW$ 'ESTIN TE-KAI GIGNETAI 'EK TWN
<P 805B>
'AUTWN TELWN KAI PONWN; KAITOI QAUMASTON 'AN4 "AMARTHMA
NOMOQETHI TOUT' 'AUTO GIGNOITO.
KL _ 'EOIKEN0 GE; 'ESTI MENTOI PAMPOLLA "HMIN, 'W* XENE,
PARA TA$ 'EIWQUIA$ POLITEIA$ TWN NU*N LEGOMENWN. 'ALLA=-GAR
'EIPWN TON MEN LOGON 'EASAI0 DIEXELQEIN, 'EU DIELQONTO$ DE, "OUTW
TO DOKOUN "AIREISQAI DEIN, MALA 'EIPE$ TE 'EMMELW$, PEPOIHKA$
TE ME TA NU*N 'AUTON 'EMAUTWI 'EPIPLHTTEIN "OTI4 TAUTA 'EIRHKA;
<P 805C>
LEGE 'OUN TO META TAUTA "OTI2 SOI4 KECARISMENON-'ESTIN.
AQ _ TODE 'EMOIGE, 'W* KLEINIA, "O= KAI PROSQEN 'EIPON, "W$,
'EI MEN TAUTA 'H*N MH "IKANW$ 'ERGOI$ 'ELHLEGMENA "OTI4 DUNATA
'ESTI GIGNESQAI, TACA 'H*N20 'AN4 TI KAI 'ANTEIPEIN TW*I LOGWI, NU*N
DE 'ALLO TI POU ZHTHTEON 'EKEINWI TW*I TOUTON TON NOMON MHDAMHI
DECOMENWI TO D' "HMETERON DIAKELEUMA 'EN TOUTOI$ 'OUK 'APOSBHSETAI
TO MH 'OU LEGEIN "W$ DEI PAIDEIA$ TE-KAI TWN 'ALLWN "OTI2
<P 805D>
MALISTA KOINWNEIN TO QHLU GENO$ "HMIN TW*I TWN 'ARRENWN GENEI.
KAI-GAR-'OUN "OUTWSI PW$ DEI PERI= 'AUTWN DIANOHQHNAI. FERE,
MH METECOUSWN 'ANDRASI GUNAIKWN KOINHI TH$ ZWH$ PASH$,
MWN 'OUK 'ANAGKH GENESQAI GE TINA TAXIN "ETERAN 'AUTAI$:
KL _ 'ANAGKH MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ TI=NA 'OUN 'EMPROSQEN TWN NU*N 'APODEDEIGMENWN QEIMEN
'AN4 TH$ KOINWNIA$ TAUTH$ "HN NU*N 'AUTAI$ "HMEI$ PROSTATTOMEN:
POTERON "HN QRA*IKE$ TAI$ GUNAIXIN CRWNTAI0 KAI POLLA "E=TERA
<P 805E>
GENH, GEWRGEIN TE-KAI BOUKOLEIN KAI POIMAINEIN KAI DIAKONEIN
MHDEN DIAFERONTW$ TWN DOULWN: 'H= KAQAPER "HMEI$ "APANTE$
TE "OI PERI= TON TOPON 'EKEINON: NU*N GAR-DH TO GE PAR' "HMIN
"WDE 'ESTIN PERI= TOUTWN GIGNOMENON; 'EI$ TINA MIAN 'OIKHSIN
SUMFORHSANTE$, TO LEGOMENON, PANTA CRHMATA, PAREDOMEN
TAI$ GUNAIXIN DIATAMIEUEIN TE-KAI KERKIDWN 'ARCEIN KAI PASH$
TALASIA$. 'H= TO TOUTWN DH DIA= MESOU FWMEN, 'W* MEGILLE,


<P 806A>
TO LAKWNIKON: KORA$ MEN GUMNASIWN METOCOU$ 'OUSA$ "AMA
KAI MOUSIKH$ ZHN DEIN, GUNAIKA$ DE 'ARGOU$ MEN TALASIA$,
'ASKHTIKON DE TINA BION KAI 'OUDAMW$ FAULON 'OUD' 'EUTELH
DIAPLEKEIN, QERAPEIA$ DE-KAI TAMIEIA$ 'AU KAI PAIDOTROFIA$
'EI$ TI MESON 'AFIKNEISQAI, TWN D' 'EI$ TON POLEMON MH KOINWNOUSA$,
"WSTE 'OUD' 'EI TI$ POTE DIAMACESQAI PERI= POLEW$ TE-KAI
PAIDWN 'ANAGKAI=A TUCH GIGNOITO, 'OUT' 'AN4 TOXWN, "W$ TINE$
<P 806B>
'AMAZONE$, 'OUT' 'ALLH$ KOINWNHSAI0 POTE BOLH$ META TECNH$
DUNAMENAI, 'OUDE 'ASPIDA KAI DORU LABOUSAI MIMHSASQAI
THN QEON, "W$ PORQOUMENH$ 'AUTAI$ TH$ PATRIDO$ GENNAIW$
'ANTISTASA$, FOBON GE, 'EI MHDEN MEIZON, POLEMIOISI DUNASQAI
PARASCEIN 'EN TAXEI TINI KATOFQEISA$: SAUROMATIDA$ DE-'OUD'
'AN4 TO PARAPAN TOLMHSEIAN MIMHSASQAI TOUTON TON TROPON
DIABIOUSAI, PARA GUNAIKA$ DE 'AUTA$ 'ANDRE$ 'AN4 "AI 'EKEINWN
<P 806C>
GUNAIKE$ FANEIEN. TAUT' 'OUN "UMWN TOU$ NOMOQETA$ "O MEN
BOULOMENO$ 'EPAINEIN 'EPAINEITW, TO D' 'EMON 'OUK 'ALLW$ 'AN4
LECQEIH; TELEON GAR-KAI 'OU DIHMISUN DEIN TON NOMOQETHN
'EINAI, TO QHLU MEN 'AFIENTA TRUFAN KAI 'ANALISKEIN DIAITAI$
'ATAKTW$ CRWMENON, TOU* DE 'ARRENO$ 'EPIMELHQENTA, TELEW$
SCEDON 'EUDAIMONO$ "HMISU BIOU KATALEIPEIN 'ANTI DIPLASIOU
THI POLEI.
ME _ TI= DRASOMEN, 'W* KLEINIA: TON XENON 'EASOMEN THN
SPARTHN "HMIN "OUTW KATADRAMEIN:
<P 806D>
KL _ NAI; DEDOMENH$ GAR 'AUTWI PARRHSIA$ 'EATEON, "EW$ 'AN4
DIEXELQWMEN PANTHI "IKANW$ TOU$ NOMOU$.
ME _ 'ORQW$ LEGEI$.
AQ _ 'OUKOU*N TA META TAUTA 'HDH SCEDON 'EMON PEIRASQAI
FRAZEIN:
KL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ _ TI=$ DH TROPO$ 'ANQRWPOI$ GIGNOIT' 'AN4 TOU* BIOU,
"OISIN TA MEN 'ANAGKAI*A 'EIH-KATESKEUASMENA ME=TRIA, TA DE
TWN TECNWN 'ALLOI$ PARADEDOMENA, GEWRGIAI DE 'EKDEDOMENAI
<P 806E>
DOULOI$ 'APARCHN TWN 'EK TH$ GH$ 'APOTELOUSIN4 "IKANHN 'ANQRWPOI$
ZWSI4 KOSMIW$, SUSSITIA DE KATESKEUASMENA-'EIH CWRI$
MEN TA TWN 'ANDRWN, 'EGGU$ D' 'ECOMENA TA TWN 'AUTOI$ 'OIKEIWN
PAIDWN TE "AMA QHLEIWN KAI TWN MHTERWN 'AUTAI$, 'ARCOUSIN4
DE-KAI 'ARCOUSAI$ 'EIH-PROSTETAGMENA LUEIN TAUTA "EKASTOI$
TA SUSSITIA PANTA, KAQ' "EKASTHN "HMERAN QEASAMENOU$ KAI
'IDONTA$ THN DIAGWGHN THN TWN SUSSITWN, META DE TAUTA


<P 807A>
SPEISANTA$ TON TE 'ARCONTA KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ "OI$ 'AN4 TUGCANHI5
QEOI$ "H TO=TE NUX TE-KAI "HMERA KAQIERWMENH, KATA TAUTA
"OUTW$ 'OIKADE POREUESQAI: TOI$ DH TAUTHI KEKOSMHMENOI$ 'A*RA
'OUDEN LEIPOMENON 'ESTIN 'ANAGKAION TE 'ERGON KAI PANTAPASI
PROSHKON0, 'ALL' 'EN TROPWI BOSKHMATO$ "EKASTON PIAINOMENON
'AUTWN DEI ZHN: 'OU=KOUN TO GE DIKAION FAMEN 'OUDE KALON, 'OUD'
"OION-TE TON ZWNTA "OUTW$ 'ATUCHSAI0 TOU* PROSHKONTO$, PROSHKEI0
<P 807B>
DE 'ARGWI KAI "RA\QUMW$ KATAPEPIASMENWI ZWIWI SCEDON "UP' 'ALLOU
DIARPASQHNAI ZWIOU TWN SFO=DRA TETRUCWMENWN META 'ANDREIA$
TE "AMA KAI TWN PONWN. TAUTA 'OUN-DH DI' 'AKRIBEIA$ MEN
"IKANH$, "W$ KAI NU*N, 'EI ZHTOIMEN 'AN4, 'ISW$ 'OUK 'AN4 POTE GENOITO,
MECRIPER 'AN4 GUNAIKE$ TE-KAI PAIDE$ 'OIKHSEI$ TE 'IDIAI
KAI 'IDIW$ "APANT' 'HI TA TOIAUTA "EKASTOI$ "HMWN KATESKEUASMENA;
TA DE MET' 'EKEIN' 'AU DEU=TERA TA NU*N LEGOMENA 'EI
<P 807C>
GIGNOITO "HMIN, GIGNOITO 'AN4 KAI MALA METRIW$. 'ERGON DE-DH
TOI$ "OUTW ZWSIN4 FAMEN 'OU TO SMIKROTATON 'OUDE TO FAULOTATON
LEIPESQAI, MEGISTON DE PANTWN 'EINAI-PROSTETAGMENON
"UPO DIKAIOU NOMOU; TOU* GAR PASAN TWN 'ALLWN PANTWN
'ERGWN BIOU 'ASCOLIAN PARASKEUAZONTO$, TOU* PUQIADO$ TE-KAI
'OLUMPIADO$ NIKH$ 'OREGOMENOU, DIPLASIA$ TE-KAI 'ETI POLLWI
PLEONO$ 'ASCOLIA$ 'ESTIN GEMWN "O PERI= THN TOU* SWMATO$
PANTW$ KAI YUCH$ 'EI$ 'ARETH$ 'EPIMELEIAN BIO$ 'EIRHMENO$
<P 807D>
'ORQOTATA. PARERGON GAR 'OUDEN DEI TWN 'ALLWN 'ERGWN DIAKWLUMA
GIGNESQAI TWN TW*I SWMATI PROSHKONTWN0 'EI$ 'APODOSIN
PONWN KAI TROFH$, 'OUD' 'AU YUCHI MAQHMATWN TE-KAI 'EQWN,
PASA DE NUX TE-KAI "HMERA SCEDON 'OUK 'ESTIN "IKANH TOUT'
'AUTO PRATTONTI TO TELEON TE-KAI "IKANON 'AUTWN 'EKLAMBANEIN;
"OUTW DH TOUTWN PEFUKOTWN, TAXIN DEI GIGNESQAI PASIN TOI$
'ELEUQEROI$ TH$ DIATRIBH$ PERI= TON CRONON "APANTA, SCEDON
<P 807E>
'ARXAMENON 'EX "EW MECRI TH$ "ETERA$ 'AEI SUNECW$ "EW TE-KAI
"HLIOU 'ANATOLH$. POLLA MEN-'OUN-KAI PUKNA KAI SMIKRA LEGWN
'AN4 TI$ NOMOQETH$ 'ASCHMWN FAINOITO PERI= TWN KAT' 'OIKIAN
DIOIKHSEWN, TA TE 'A=LLA KAI "OSA NUKTWR 'AUPNIA$ PE=RI PREPEI0
TOI$ MELLOUSIN4 DIA= TELOU$ FULAXEIN PASAN POLIN 'AKRIBW$.
TO GAR "OLHN DIATELEIN0 "HNTINOUN NUKTA "EUDONTA KAI "ONTINOUN
TWN POLITWN, KAI MH FANERON 'EINAI PASI TOI$ 'OIKETAI$ 'EGEIROMENON


<P 808A>
TE-KAI 'EXANISTAMENON 'AEI PRWTON, TOUTO 'AISCRON DEI
DEDOCQAI PASI KAI 'OUK 'ELEUQEROU, 'EI=T'-'OUN NOMON 'EI=T' 'EPITHDEUMA
TO TOIOUTON KALEIN0 'ESTIN CREWN; KAI-DH-KAI DESPOINAN
'EN 'OIKIA\ "UPO QERAPAINIDWN 'EGEIRESQAI TINWN KAI MH PRWTHN
'AUTHN 'EGEIREIN TA$ 'ALLA$, 'AISCRON LEGEIN CRH PRO$ "AUTOU$
DOULON TE-KAI DOULHN KAI PAIDA, KAI 'EI PW$ 'H*N-"OION-TE, "OLHN
KAI PASAN THN 'OIKIAN. 'EGEIROMENOU$ DE NUKTWR DEI PANTA$
<P 808B>
PRATTEIN TWN TE POLITIKWN MERH POLLA KAI TWN 'OIKONOMIKWN,
'ARCONTA$ MEN KATA POLIN, DESPOINA$ DE-KAI DESPOTA$ 'EN
'IDIAI$ 'OIKIAI$. "UPNO$ GAR-DH POLU$ 'OUTE TOI$ SWMASIN 'OUTE
TAI$ YUCAI$ "HMWN 'OUD' 'AU TAI$ PRAXESIN TAI$ PERI= TAUTA
PANTA "ARMOTTWN 'ESTIN KATA FUSIN. KAQEU=DWN GAR 'OUDEI$
'OUDENO$ 'AXIO$, 'OUDEN MALLON TOU* MH ZWNTO$; 'ALL' "OSTI$ TOU*
ZHN "HMWN KAI TOU* FRONEIN MALISTA 'ESTI KHDEMWN, 'EGRHGORE0
<P 808C>
CRONON "W$ PLEISTON, TO PRO$ "UGIEIAN 'AUTOU4 MONON FULATTWN
CRHSIMON, 'ESTIN DE 'OU POLU, KALW$ 'EI$ 'EQO$ 'ION. 'EGRHGOROTE$
DE 'ARCONTE$ 'EN POLESIN NUKTWR FOBEROI MEN KAKOI$, POLEMIOI$
TE "AMA KAI POLITAI$, 'AGASTOI DE-KAI TIMIOI TOI$ DIKAIOI$
TE-KAI SWFROSIN, 'WFELIMOI DE "AUTOI$ TE-KAI SUMPASHI THI
POLEI.
NUX MEN-DH DIAGOMENH TOIAUTH TI$ PRO$ PASI TOI$ 'EIRHMENOI$
'ANDREIAN 'AN4 TINA PROSPARECOITO TAI$ YUCAI$ "EKASTWN
<P 808D>
TWN 'EN TAI$ POLESIN; "HMERA$ DE 'ORQROU TE 'EPANIONTWN0 PAIDA$
MEN PRO$ DIDASKALOU$ POU TREPESQAI CREWN, 'ANEU POIMENO$
DE-'OUTE PROBATA 'OUT' 'ALLO 'OUDEN PW BIWTEON, 'OUDE-DH PAIDA$
'ANEU TINWN PAIDAGWGWN 'OUDE DOULOU$ 'ANEU DESPOTWN. "O DE
PAI$ PANTWN QHRIWN 'ESTI DUSMETACEIRISTOTATON; "OSWI GAR
MALISTA 'ECEI0 PHGHN TOU* FRONEIN MHPW KATHRTUMENHN, 'EPIBOULON
KAI DRIMU KAI "UBRISTOTATON QHRIWN GIGNETAI. DIO DH
<P 808E>
POLLOI$ 'AUTO "OION CALINOI$ TISIN DEI DESMEUEIN, PRWTON MEN,
TROFWN KAI MHTERWN "OTAN 'APALLATTHTAI, PAIDAGWGOI$ PAIDIA$
KAI NHPIOTHTO$ CARIN, 'ETI D' 'AU TOI$ DIDASKOUSIN4 KAI "OTIOUN KAI
MAQHMASIN "W$ 'ELEUQERON; "W$ D' 'AU DOULON, PA$ "O PROSTUGCANWN
TWN 'ELEUQERWN 'ANDRWN KOLAZETW TON TE PAIDA 'AUTON
KAI TON PAIDAGWGON KAI DIDASKALON, 'EA=N 'EXAMARTANHI5 TI$ TI
TOUTWN. 'AN2 D' 'AU PROSTUGCANWN TI$ MH KOLAZHI5 THI DIKHI,
'ONEIDEI MEN 'ENECESQW PRWTON TW*I MEGISTWI, "O DE TWN NOMOFULAKWN


<P 809A>
'EPI THN TWN PAIDWN 'ARCHN "HIRHMENO$ 'EPISKOPEITW
TOUTON TON 'ENTUGCANONTA "OI$ LEGOMEN KAI MH KOLAZONTA DEON
KOLAZEIN 'H= KOLAZONTA MH KATA TROPON, BLEPWN DE "HMIN 'OXU
KAI DIAFERONTW$ 'EPIMELOUMENO$ TH$ TWN PAIDWN TROFH$
KATEUQUNETW TA$ FUSEI$ 'AUTWN, 'AEI TREPWN PRO$ 'TAGAQON
KATA NOMOU$. TOUTON DE 'AUTON 'AU PW*$ 'AN4 "HMIN "O NOMO$
'AUTO$ PAIDEUSEIEN "IKANW$: NU*N MEN-GAR-DH 'EIRHKEN0 'OUDEN PW
<P 809B>
SAFE$ 'OUDE "IKANON, 'ALLA= TA MEN, TA D' 'OU=; DEI DE 'EI$ DUNAMIN
MHDEN PARALEIPEIN 'AUTWI, PANTA DE LOGON 'AFERMHNEUEIN, "INA
"OUTO$ TOI$ 'ALLOI$ MHNUTH$ TE "AMA KAI TROFEU$ GIGNHTAI. TA
MEN-'OUN-DH COREIA$ PE=RI MELWN TE-KAI 'ORCHSEW$ 'ERRHQH,
TI=NA TUPON 'ECONTA 'EKLEKTEA TE 'ESTIN KAI 'EPANORQWTEA KAI
KAQIERWTEA; TA DE 'EN GRAMMASI MEN 'ONTA, 'ANEU DE METRWN,
POI*A KAI TI=NA METACEIRIZESQAI CRH SOI4 TROPON, 'W* 'ARISTE TWN
<P 809C>
PAIDWN 'EPIMELHTA, TOU$ "UPO SOU4 TREFOMENOU$, 'OUK 'EIRHKAMEN.
KAITOI TA MEN PERI= TON POLEMON "A DEI MANQANEIN TE 'AUTOU$
KAI MELETAN 'ECEI$ TW*I LOGWI, TA DE PERI= TA GRAMMATA PRWTON,
KAI DEUTERON LURA$ PE=RI KAI LOGISMWN, "WN 'EFAMEN DEIN "OSA
TE PRO$ POLEMON KAI 'OIKONOMIAN KAI THN KATA POLIN DIOIKHSIN
CRHNAI0 "EKASTOU$ LABEIN, KAI PRO$ TA 'AUTA TAUTA 'ETI TA
CRHSIMA TWN 'EN TAI$ PERIODOI$ TWN QEIWN, 'ASTRWN TE PE=RI
KAI "HLIOU KAI SELHNH$, "OSA DIOIKEIN 'ANAGKAION 'ESTIN PERI=
<P 809D>
TAUTA PASHI POLEI % TI=NWN DH PE=RI LEGOMEN: "HMERWN TAXEW$
'EI$ MHNWN PERIODOU$ KAI MHNWN 'EI$ "EKASTON TON 'ENIAUTON,
"INA "WRAI KAI QUSIAI KAI "EORTAI TA PROSHKONT' 'APOLAMBANOUSAI
"EAUTAI$ "EKASTAI TW*I KATA FUSIN 'AGESQAI, ZWSAN THN
POLIN KAI 'EGRHGORUIAN PARECOMENAI, QEOI$ MEN TA$ TIMA$
'APODIDWSIN2, TOU$ DE 'ANQRWPOU$ PERI= 'AUTA MALLON 'EMFRONA$
'APERGAZWNTAI % TAUTA 'OUPW SOI4 PANTA "IKANW$, 'W* FILE, PARA
<P 809E>
TOU* NOMOQETOU DIEIRHTAI; PROSECE DH TON NOUN TOI$ META TAUTA
MELLOUSIN4 "RHQHSESQAI. GRAMMATWN 'EIPOMEN "W$ 'OUC "IKANW$
'ECEI$ PE=RI TO PRWTON, 'EPIKALOUNTE$0 TI= THI LEXEI: TODE, "W$
'OUPW DIEIRHKE0 SOI4 POTERON 'EI$ 'AKRIBEIAN TOU* MAQHMATO$
'ITEON TON MELLONTA POLITHN 'ESESQAI METRION 'H= TO PARAPAN
'OUDE PROSOISTEON; "W$ D' "AUTW$ KAI PERI= LURAN. PROSOISTEON
MENTOI NU*N FAMEN. 'EI$ MEN GRAMMATA PAIDI DEKETEI SCEDON
'ENIAUTOI TREI$, LURA$ DE "AYASQAI TRIA MEN 'ETH KAI DEKA


<P 810A>
GEGONOSIN 'ARCESQAI METRIO$ "O CRONO$, 'EMMEINAI0 DE "E=TERA
TRIA. KAI-MHTE PLEIW TOUTWN MHT' 'ELATTW PATRI MHD' 'AUTWI,
FILOMAQOUNTI MHDE MISOUNTI, PERI= TAUTA 'EXESTW MEIZW MHDE
'ELATTW DIATRIBHN POIEISQAI PARANOMON; "O DE MH PEIQOMENO$
'ATIMO$ TWN PAIDEIWN 'ESTW TIMWN, "A$ 'OLIGON "USTERON "RHTEON.
MANQANEIN DE 'EN TOUTOI$ TOI$ CRONOI$ DH TI= POTE DEI TOU$
NEOU$ KAI DIDASKEIN 'AU TOU$ DIDASKALOU$, TOUTO 'AUTO PRWTON
<P 810B>
MANQANE. GRAMMATA MEN-TOINUN CRH TO MECRI TOU* GRAYAI0
TE-KAI 'ANAGNWNAI0 DUNATON 'EINAI DIAPONEIN; PRO$ TACO$ DE 'H=
KALLO$ 'APHKRIBWSQAI TISIN, "OI$ MH FUSI$ 'EPESPEUSEN 'EN
TOI$ TETAGMENOI$ 'ETESIN, CAIREIN 'EA*N. PRO$ DE-DH MAQHMATA
'ALURA POIHTWN KEIMENA 'EN GRAMMASI, TOI$ MEN META METRWN,
TOI$ D' 'ANEU "RUQMWN TMHMATWN, "A DH SUGGRAMMATA KATA LOGON
'EIRHMENA MONON, THTWMENA "RUQMOU TE-KAI "ARMONIA$, SFALERA
<P 810C>
GRAMMAQ' "HMIN 'ESTIN PARA TINWN TWN POLLWN TOIOUTWN 'ANQRWPWN
KATALELEIMMENA; "OI$, 'W* PANTWN BELTISTOI NOMOFULAKE$,
TI= CRHSESQE: 'H= TI= POQ' "UMIN "O NOMOQETH$ CRHSQAI PROSTAXA$
'ORQW$ 'AN4 TAXEIE: KAI MALA 'APORHSEIN 'AUTON PROSDOKW0.
KL _ TI= POTE TOUTO, 'W* XENE, FAINHI0 PRO$ SAUTON 'ONTW$
'HPORHKW$ LEGEIN:
AQ _ 'ORQW$ "UPELABE$, 'W* KLEINIA. PRO$ DE-DH KOINWNOU$
"UMA$ 'ONTA$ PERI= NOMWN 'ANAGKH TO TE FAINOMENON 'EUPORON KAI
TO MH FRAZEIN.
<P 810D>
KL _ TI= 'OUN: TI= PERI= TOUTWN NU*N KAI POI*ON TI PEPONQW$
LEGEI$:
AQ _ 'ERW2 DH; STOMASI GAR POLLAKI$ MURIOI$ 'ENANTIA
LEGEIN 'OUDAMW$ 'EUPORON.
KL _ TI= DE: SMIKRA KAI 'OLIGA DOKEI0 SOI4 TA 'EMPROSQEN
"HMIN 'EIRHMENA PERI= NOMWN KEISQAI TOI$ POLLOI$ "UPENANTIA:
AQ _ KAI MALA 'ALHQE$ TOUTO GE LEGEI$; KELEUEI$ GAR-DH
ME, "W$ 'EMOI4 FAINETAI, TH$ 'AUTH$ "ODOU 'ECQODOPOU GEGONUIA$
POLLOI$ % 'ISW$ D' 'OUK 'ELATTOSIN "ETEROI$ PROSFILOU$; 'EI DE
<P 810E>
'ELATTOSIN, 'OU=KOUN CEIROSI GE % MEQ' "WN DIAKELEUHI0 ME PARAKINDUNEUONTA
TE-KAI QARROUNTA THN NU*N 'EK TWN PARONTWN0
LOGWN TETMHMENHN "ODON TH$ NOMOQESIA$ POREUESQAI MHDEN
'ANIENTA.
KL _ TI= MHN:
AQ _ 'OU-TOINUN 'ANIHMI. LEGW0 MHN "OTI4 POIHTAI TE "HMIN
'EISIN TINE$ 'EPWN "EXAMETRWN PAMPOLLOI KAI TRIMETRWN KAI
PANTWN DH TWN LEGOMENWN METRWN, "OI MEN 'EPI SPOUDHN, "OI D'
'EPI GELWTA "WRMHKOTE$, 'EN "OI$ FASI0 DEIN "OI POLLAKI$ MURIOI
TOU$ 'ORQW$ PAIDEUOMENOU$ TWN NEWN TREFEIN KAI DIAKOREI$
POIEIN, POLUHKOOU$ T' 'EN TAI$ 'ANAGNWSESIN POIOUNTA$ KAI


<P 811A>
POLUMAQEI$, "OLOU$ POIHTA$ 'EKMANQANONTA$; "OI DE 'EK PANTWN
KEFA=LAIA 'EKLEXANTE$ KAI TINA$ "OLA$ "RHSEI$ 'EI$ 'TAUTON SUNAGAGONTE$,
'EKMANQANEIN FASI0 DEIN 'EI$ MNHNHN TIQEMENOU$, 'EI
MELLEI0 TI$ 'AGAQO$ "HMIN KAI SOFO$ 'EK POLUPEIRIA$ KAI
POLUMAQIA$ GENESQAI. TOUTOI$ DH SU KELEUEI$ 'EME TA NU*N
PARRHSIAZOMENON 'APOFAINESQAI TI= TE KALW$ LEGOUSI0 KAI
TI= MH:
KL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ _ TI= DH POT' 'AN4 'OUN PERI= "APANTWN TOUTWN "ENI LOGWI
<P 811B>
FRAZWN 'EIPOIM' 'AN4 "IKANON: 'OIMAI MEN TO TOIONDE SCEDON, "O=
KAI PA$ 'AN4 MOI SUGCWRHSEIEN, POLLA MEN "EKASTON TOUTWN
'EIRHKENAI KALW$, POLLA DE-KAI 'TOUNANTION; 'EI D' "OUTW
TOUT' 'ECEI0, KINDUNON FHMI 'EINAI FEROUSAN TOI$ PAISIN THN
POLUMAQIAN.
KL _ PW*$ 'OUN-KAI TI= PARAINOIH$ 'AN4 TW*I NOMOFULAKI:
AQ _ TOU*2 PE=RI LEGEI$:
KL _ TOU* PRO$ TI= PARADEIGMA POTE 'APOBLEYA$ 'AN4 TO MEN
<P 811C>
'EWIH PANTA$ MANQANEIN TOU$ NEOU$, TO D' 'APOKWLUOI. LEGE KAI
MHDEN 'APOKNEI5 LEGWN.
AQ _ 'WGAQE KLEINIA, KINDUNEUW0 KATA GE TINA TROPON
'HUTUCHKENAI.
KL _ TOU*2 DH PE=RI:
AQ _ TOU* MH PANTAPASI PARADEIGMATO$ 'APOREIN. NU*N
GAR 'APOBLEYA$ PRO$ TOU$ LOGOU$ "OU$ 'EX "EW MECRI DEURO DH
DIELHLUQAMEN "HMEI$ % "W$ MEN 'EMOI4 FAINOMEQA, 'OUK 'ANEU TINO$
'EPIPNOIA$ QEWN % 'EDOXAN D'-'OUN MOI PANTAPASI POIHSEI TINI
PROSOMOIW$ 'EIRHSQAI. KAI MOI 'ISW$ 'OUDEN QAUMASTON PAQO$
<P 811D>
'EPHLQE, LOGOU$ 'OIKEIOU$ "OION "AQROOU$ 'EPIBLEYANTI MALA
"HSQHNAI; TWN GAR-DH PLEISTWN LOGWN "OU$ 'EN POIHMASIN 'H=
CUDHN "OUTW$ 'EIRHMENOU$ MEMAQHKA KAI 'AKHKOA, PANTWN MOI
METRIWTATOI GE 'EINAI KATEFANHSAN KAI PROSHKONTE$ TA
MALISTA 'AKOUEIN NEOI$. TW*I DH NOMOFULAKI TE-KAI PAIDEUTHI
PARADEIGMA 'OUK 'AN4 'ECOIMI, "W$ 'OIMAI, TOUTOU BELTION FRAZEIN,
'H= TAUTA TE DIDASKEIN PARAKELEUESQAI TOISI DIDASKALOI$
<P 811E>
TOU$ PAIDA$, TA TE TOUTWN 'ECOMENA KAI "O=MOIA, 'AN2 'A=RA-POU
PERITUGCANHI5 POIHTWN TE POIHMATA DIEXIWN KAI GEGRAMMENA
KATALOGADHN 'H=-KAI YILW$ "OUTW$ 'ANEU TOU* GEGRAFQAI LEGOMENA,
'ADELFA POU TOUTWN TWN LOGWN, MH MEQIENAI TROPWI
MHDENI, GRAFESQAI DE; KAI PRWTON MEN TOU$ DIDASKALOU$
'AUTOU$ 'ANAGKAZEIN MANQANEIN KAI 'EPAINEIN, "OU$ D' 'AN4 MH
'ARESKHI5 TWN DIDASKALWN, MH CRHSQAI TOUTOI$ SUNERGOI$, "OU$
D' 'AN4 TW*I 'EPAINWI SUMYHFOU$ 'ECHI5, TOUTOI$ CRWMENON, TOU$


<P 812A>
NEOU$ 'AUTOI$ PARADIDONAI DIDASKEIN TE-KAI PAIDEUEIN. "OUTO$
MOI MUQO$ 'ENTAUQA KAI "OUTW TELEUTATW, PERI= GRAMMATISTWN
TE 'EIRHMENO$ "AMA KAI GRAMMATWN.
KL _ KATA MEN THN "UPOQESIN, 'W* XENE, 'EMOIGE 'OU FAINOMEQA
'EKTO$ POREUESQAI TWN "UPOTEQENTWN5 LOGWN; 'EI DE TO
"OLON KATORQOUMEN 'H= MH, CALEPON 'ISW$ DIISCURIZESQAI.
AQ _ TO=TE GAR, 'W* KLEINIA, TOUTO G' 'AUTO 'ESTAI KATAFANESTERON,
"W$ 'EIKO$, "OTAN, "O= POLLAKI$ 'EIRHKAMEN, 'EPI
TELO$ 'AFIKWMEQA PASH$ TH$ DIEXODOU PERI= NOMWN.
<P 812B>
KL _ 'ORQW$.
AQ _ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OU META TON GRAMMATISTHN "O KIQARISTH$
"HMIN PROSRHTEO$:
KL _ TI= MHN:
AQ _ TOI$ KIQARISTAI$ MEN-TOINUN "HMA$ DOKW0 TWN 'EMPROSQEN
LOGWN 'ANAMNHSQENTA$ TO PROSHKON0 NEIMAI0 TH$ TE
DIDASKALIA$ "AMA KAI PASH$ TH$ PERI= TA TOIAUTA PAIDEUSEW$.
KL _ POI=WN DH PE=RI LEGEI$:
AQ _ 'EFAMEN, 'OIMAI, TOU$ TOU* DIONUSOU TOU$ "EXHKONTOUTA$
'WIDOU$ DIAFERONTW$ 'EUAISQHTOU$ DEIN GEGONENAI PERI=
<P 812C>
TE TOU$ "RUQMOU$ KAI TA$ TWN "ARMONIWN SUSTASEI$, "INA THN
TWN MELWN MIMHSIN THN 'EU KAI THN KAKW$ MEMIMHMENHN, 'EN
TOI$ PAQHMASIN "OTAN YUCH GIGNHTAI, TA TE TH$ 'AGAQH$
"OMOIWMATA KAI TA TH$ 'ENANTIA$ 'EKLEXASQAI DUNATO$ 'WN TI$,
TA MEN 'APOBALLHI5 TA DE PROFERWN 'EI$ MESON "UMNHI5 KAI
'EPA\DHI5 TAI$ TWN NEWN YUCAI$, PROKALOUMENO$0 "EKASTOU$ 'EI$
'ARETH$ "EPESQAI KTHSIN SUNAKOLOUQOUNTA$ DIA= TWN MIMHSEWN.
KL _ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
<P 812D>
AQ _ TOUTWN TOINUN DEI CARIN TOI$ FQOGGOI$ TH$ LURA$
PROSCRHSQAI, SAFHNEIA$ "ENEKA TWN CORDWN, TON TE KIQARISTHN
KAI TON PAIDEUOMENON, 'APODIDONTA$ PROSCORDA TA
FQEGMATA TOI$ FQEGMASI; THN D' "ETEROFWNIAN KAI POIKILIAN
TH$ LURA$, 'A=LLA MEN MELH TWN CORDWN "IEISWN, 'A=LLA DE TOU*
THN MELWIDIAN SUNQENTO$ POIHTOU, KAI-DH-KAI PUKNOTHTA
MANOTHTI KAI TACO$ BRADUTHTI KAI 'OXUTHTA BARUTHTI SUMFWNON
<P 812E>
KAI 'ANTIFWNON PARECOMENOU$, KAI TWN "RUQMWN "WSAUTW$
PANTODAPA POIKILMATA PROSARMOTTONTA$ TOISI FQOGGOI$
TH$ LURA$, PANTA 'OUN TA TOIAUTA MH PROSFEREIN TOI$ MELLOUSIN4
'EN TRISIN 'ETESIN TO TH$ MOUSIKH$ CRHSIMON 'EKLHYESQAI
DIA= TACOU$. TA GAR 'ENANTIA 'ALLHLA TARATTONTA
DUSMAQEIAN PARECEI0, DEI DE "OTI2 MALISTA 'EUMAQEI$ 'EINAI TOU$
NEOU$; TA GAR 'ANAGKAI*A 'OU SMIKRA 'OUD' 'OLIGA 'AUTOI$ 'ESTI-PROSTETAGMENA
MAQHMATA, DEIXEI2 DE 'AUTA PROIWN "O LOGO$
"AMA TW*I CRONWI. 'ALLA= TAUTA MEN "OUTW PERI= TH$ MOUSIKH$
"HMIN "O PAIDEUTH$ 'EPIMELEISQW; TA DE MELWN 'AUTWN 'AU KAI
"RHMATWN, "OI*A TOU$ CORODIDASKALOU$ KAI "A DEI DIDASKEIN, KAI


<P 813A>
TAUTA "HMIN 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN DIEIRHTAI PANTA, "A DH KAQIERWQENTA
'EFAMEN DEIN, TAI$ "EORTAI$ "EKASTA "ARMOTTONTA, "HDONHN
'EUTUCH TAI$ POLESIN PARADIDONTA 'WFELEIN.
KL _ 'ALHQH KAI TAUTA DIEIRHKA$.
AQ _ 'ALHQESTATA TOINUN. KAI TAUQ' "HMIN PARALABWN
"O PERI= THN MOUSAN 'ARCWN "AIREQEI$ 'EPIMELEISQW META TUCH$
'EUMENOU$, "HMEI$ DE 'ORCHSEW$ TE PE=RI KAI "OLH$ TH$ PERI= TO
SWMA GUMNASTIKH$ PRO$ TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN 'EIRHMENOI$ 'APODWMEN;
<P 813B>
KAQAPER MOUSIKH$ TO DIDASKALIKON "UPOLOIPON 'ON
'APEDOMEN, "WSAUTW$ POIWMEN KAI GUMNASTIKH$. TOU$ GAR
PAIDA$ TE-KAI TA$ PAIDA$ 'ORCEISQAI DH DEI KAI GUMNAZESQAI
MANQANEIN; 'H*-GAR:
KL _ NAI.
AQ _ TOI$ MEN-TOINUN PAISIN 'ORCHSTAI, TAI$ DE 'ORCHSTRIDE$
'AN4 'EIEN PRO$ TO DIAPONEIN 'OUK 'ANEPITHDEIOTERON.
KL _ 'ESTW DH TAUTHI.
AQ _ PALIN DH TON TA PLEISTA "EXONTA PRAGMATA KALWMEN,
<P 813C>
TON TWN PAIDWN 'EPIMELHTHN, "O$4 TWN TE PERI= MOUSIKHN
TWN TE PERI= GUMNASTIKHN 'EPIMELOUMENO$ 'OU POLLHN "EXEI2
SCOLHN.
KL _ PW*$ 'OUN DUNATO$ 'ESTAI PRESBUTERO$ 'WN TOSOUTWN
'EPIMELEISQAI:
AQ _ "RA\DIW$, 'W* FILE. "O NOMO$ GAR 'AUTWI DEDWKEN0 KAI
DWSEI2 PROSLAMBANEIN 'EI$ TAUTHN THN 'EPIMELEIAN TWN POLITWN
'ANDRWN KAI GUNAIKWN "OU$ 'AN4 'EQELHI5, GNWSETAI DE "OU$
DEI, KAI BOULHSETAI MH PLHMMELEIN 'EI$ TAUTA, 'AIDOUMENO$
<P 813D>
'EMFRONW$ KAI GIGNWSKWN TH$ 'ARCH$ TO MEGEQO$, LOGISMWI
TE SUNWN "W$ 'EU MEN TRAFENTWN5 KAI TREFOMENWN TWN NEWN
PANTA "HMIN KAT' 'ORQON PLEI0, MH-DE % 'OUT' 'EIPEIN 'AXION 'OUQ'
"HMEI$ LEGOMEN 'EPI KAINHI POLEI TOU$ SFO=DRA FILOMANTEUTA$
SEBOMENOI. POLLA MEN-'OUN "HMIN KAI PERI= TOUTWN 'EIRHTAI,
TWN PERI= TA$ 'ORCHSEI$ KAI PERI= PASAN THN TWN GUMNASIWN
KINHSIN; GUMNASIA GAR TIQEMEN KAI TA PERI= TON POLEMON
"APANTA TOI$ SWMASI DIAPONHMATA TOXIKH$ TE-KAI PASH$
<P 813E>
"RIYEW$ KAI PELTASTIKH$ KAI PASH$ "OPLOMACIA$ KAI DIEXODWN
TAKTIKWN KAI "APASH$ POREIA$ STRATOPEDWN KAI STRATOPEDEUSEWN
KAI "OSA 'EI$ "IPPIKHN MAQHMATA SUNTEINEI0. PANTWN
GAR TOUTWN DIDASKALOU$ TE 'EINAI DEI KOINOU$, 'ARNUMENOU$
MISQON PARA TH$ POLEW$ KAI TOUTWN MAQHTA$ TOU$ 'EN THI
POLEI PAIDA$ TE-KAI 'ANDRA$, KAI KORA$ KAI GUNAIKA$ PANTWN
TOUTWN 'EPISTHMONA$, KORA$ MEN 'OUSA$ 'ETI PASAN THN 'EN
"OPLOI$ 'ORCHSIN KAI MACHN MEMELETHKUIA$, GUNAIKA$ DE, DIEXODWN


<P 814A>
KAI TAXEWN KAI QESEW$ KAI 'ANAIRESEW$ "OPLWN "HMMENA$,
'EI MHDENO$ "ENEKA, 'ALL' 'EI POTE DEHSEIE PANDHMEI PASHI THI
DUNAMEI KATALEIPONTA$ THN POLIN 'EXW STRATEUESQAI, TOU$
FULAXONTA$ PAIDA$ TE-KAI THN 'ALLHN POLIN "IKANOU$ 'EINAI
TO GE TOSOUTON, 'H=-KAI 'TOUNANTION, "WN 'OUDEN 'APWMOTON,
'EXWQEN POLEMIOU$ 'EISPESONTA$ "RWMHI TINI MEGALHI KAI BIA\,
BARBAROU$ 'EI=TE "ELLHNA$, 'ANAGKHN PARASCEIN PERI= 'AUTH$
TH$ POLEW$ THN DIAMACHN GIGNESQAI POLLH POU KAKIA
<P 814B>
POLITEIA$ "OUTW$ 'AISCRW$ TA$ GUNAIKA$ 'EINAI TEQRAMMENA$,
"W$ MHD' "WSPER 'ORNIQA$ PERI= TEKNWN MACOMENA$ PRO$ "OTIOUN
TWN 'ISCUROTATWN QHRIWN 'EQELEIN 'APOQNHISKEIN TE-KAI PANTA$
KINDUNOU$ KINDUNEUEIN, 'ALL' 'EUQU$ PRO$ "IERA FEROMENA$,
PANTA$ BWMOU$ TE-KAI NAOU$ 'EMPIMPLANAI, KAI DOXAN TOU* TWN
'ANQRWPWN GENOU$ KATACEIN "W$ PANTWN DEILOTATON FUSEI
QHRIWN 'ESTIN.
KL _ 'OU MA TON DI=A 'W* XENE, 'OUDAMW$ 'EUSCHMON GIGNOIT'
<P 814C>
'AN4, TOU* KAKOU CWRI$, TOUTO 'EN POLEI "OPOU GIGNOITO.
AQ _ 'OUKOU*N TIQWMEN TON NOMON TOUTON, MECRI GE TOSOUTOU
MH 'AMELEISQAI TA PERI= TON POLEMON GUNAIXIN DEIN,
'EPIMELEISQAI DE PANTA$ TOU$ POLITA$ KAI TA$ POLITIDA$:
KL _ 'EGW GOUN SUGCWRW0.
AQ _ PALH$ TOINUN TA MEN 'EIPOMEN, "O= D' 'ESTI MEGISTON,
"W$ 'EGW FAIHN 'AN4 'OUK 'EIRHKAMEN, 'OUD' 'ESTI "RA\DION 'ANEU TOU*
TW*I SWMATI DEIKNUNTA "AMA KAI TW*I LOGWI FRAZEIN. TOUT' 'OUN
<P 814D>
TO=TE KRINOUMEN2, "OTAN 'ERGWI LOGO$ 'AKOLOUQHSA$ MHNUSHI6 TI
SAFE$ TWN TE 'ALLWN "WN 'EIRHKEN0 PE=RI, KAI "OTI4 THI POLEMIKHI
MACHI PASWN KINHSEWN 'ONTW$ 'ESTI SUGGENH$ POLU MALISQ'
"HMIN "H TOIAUTH PALH, KAI-DH-KAI "OTI4 DEI TAUTHN 'EKEINH$
CARIN 'EPITHDEUEIN, 'ALL' 'OUK 'EKEINHN TAUTH$ "ENEKA MANQANEIN.
KL _ KALW$ TOUTO GE LEGEI$.
AQ _ NU*N DH TH$ MEN PERI= PALAISTRAN DUNAMEW$ TO MECRI
DEUR' "HMIN 'EIRHSQW; PERI= DE TH$ 'ALLH$ KINHSEW$ PANTO$
<P 814E>
TOU* SWMATO$, "H$ TO PLEISTON MERO$ 'ORCHSIN TINA TI$ PROSAGOREUWN
'ORQW$ 'AN4 FQEGGOITO, DUO MEN 'AUTH$ 'EIDH CRH
NOMIZEIN 'EINAI, THN MEN TWN KALLIONWN SWMATWN 'EPI TO
SEMNON MIMOUMENHN, THN DE TWN 'AISCIONWN 'EPI TO FAULON,
KAI PALIN TOU* FAULOU TE DUO KAI TOU* SPOUDAIOU DUO "E=TERA.
TOU* DH SPOUDAIOU THN MEN KATA POLEMON KAI 'EN BIAIOI$ 'EMPLAKENTWN5
PONOI$ SWMATWN MEN KALWN, YUCH$ D' 'ANDRIKH$,
THN D' 'EN 'EUPRAGIAI$ TE 'OUSH$ YUCH$ SWFRONO$ 'EN "HDONAI$
TE 'EMMETROI$; 'EIRHNIKHN 'AN4 TI$ LEGWN KATA FUSIN THN TOIAUTHN


<P 815A>
'ORCHSIN LEGOI. THN POLEMIKHN DH TOUTWN, 'ALLHN 'OUSAN
TH$ 'EIRHNIKH$, PURRICHN 'AN4 TI$ 'ORQW$ PROSAGOREUOI, TA$ TE
'EULABEIA$ PASWN PLHGWN KAI BOLWN 'EKNEUSESI KAI "UPEIXEI
PASHI KAI 'EKPHDHSESIN 'EN "UYEI KAI SUN TAPEINWSEI MIMOUMENHN,
KAI TA$ TAUTAI$ 'ENANTIA$, TA$ 'EPI TA DRASTIKA FEROMENA$
'AU SCHMATA, 'EN TE TAI$ TWN TOXWN BOLAI$ KAI 'AKONTIWN
KAI PASWN PLHGWN MIMHMATA 'EPICEIROUSA$ MIMEISQAI; TO
TE 'ORQON 'EN TOUTOI$ KAI TO 'EUTONON, TWN 'AGAQWN SWMATWN
<P 815B>
KAI YUCWN "OPOTAN GIGNHTAI MIMHMA, 'EUQUFERE$ "W$ TO POLU
TWN TOU* SWMATO$ MELWN GIGNOMENON, 'ORQON MEN TO TOIOUTON,
TO DE TOUTOI$ 'TOUNANTION 'OUK 'ORQON 'APODECOMENON. THN DE
'EIRHNIKHN 'ORCHSIN THID' 'AU QEWRHTEON "EKASTWN, 'EI=TE 'ORQW$
'EI=TE MH KATA FUSIN TI$ TH$ KALH$ 'ORCHSEW$ 'ANTILAMBANOMENO$
'EN COREIAI$ PREPONTW$ 'EUNOMWN 'ANDRWN DIATELEI0.
THN TOINUN 'AMFISBHTOUMENHN 'ORCHSIN DEI PRWTON CWRI$ TH$
<P 815C>
'ANAMFISBHTHTOU DIATEMEIN2. TI=$ 'OUN "AU=TH, KAI PH*I DEI CWRI$
TEMNEIN "EKATERAN: "OSH MEN BAKCEI=A T' 'ESTIN KAI TWN TAUTAI$
"EPOMENWN, "A$ NUMFA$ TE-KAI PANA$ KAI SEILHNOU$ KAI SATUROU$
'EPONOMAZONTE$, "W$ FASIN0, MIMOUNTAI KATWINWMENOU$,
PERI= KAQARMOU$ TE-KAI TELETA$ TINA$ 'APOTELOUNTWN0, SUMPAN
TOUTO TH$ 'ORCHSEW$ TO GENO$ 'OUQ' "W$ 'EIRHNIKON 'OUQ' "W$
POLEMIKON 'OUQ' "OTI2 POTE BOULETAI "RA\DION 'AFORISASQAI; DIORISASQAI
MHN MOI TAUTHI DOKEI0 SCEDON 'ORQOTATON 'AUTO 'EINAI,
<P 815D>
CWRI$ MEN POLEMIKOU, CWRI$ DE 'EIRHNIKOU QENTA$, 'EIPEIN "W$
'OUK 'ESTI POLITIKON TOUTO TH$ 'ORCHSEW$ TO GENO$, 'ENTAUQA
DE KEIMENON 'EASANTA$ KEISQAI, NU*N 'EPI TO POLEMIKON "AMA KAI
'EIRHNIKON "W$ 'ANAMFISBHTHTW$ "HMETERON 'ON 'EPANIENAI. TO
DE TH$ 'APOLEMOU MOUSH$, 'EN 'ORCHSESIN DE TOU$ TE QEOU$
KAI TOU$ TWN QEWN PAIDA$ TIMWNTWN0, "EN MEN SUMPAN GIGNOIT'
'AN4 GENO$ 'EN DOXHI TOU* PRATTEIN 'EU GIGNOMENON, TOUTO DE DICHI
<P 815E>
DIAIROIMEN 'AN4, TO MEN 'EK PONWN TINWN 'AUTOU42 KAI KINDUNWN
DIAPEFEUGOTWN 'EI$ 'AGAQA, MEIZOU$ "HDONA$ 'ECON, TO DE TWN
'EMPROSQEN 'AGAQWN SWTHRIA$ 'OUSH$ KAI 'EPAUXH$, PRA\OTERA$
TA$ "HDONA$ KEKTHMENON 'EKEINWN. 'EN DE-DH TOI$ TOIOUTOI$
POU PA$ 'ANQRWPO$ TA$ KINHSEI$ TOU* SWMATO$ MEIZONWN MEN
TWN "HDONWN 'OUSWN MEIZOU$, 'ELATTONWN DE 'ELATTOU$ KINEITAI,
KAI KOSMIWTERO$ MEN 'WN PRO$ TE 'ANDREIAN MALLON GEGUMNASMENO$


<P 816A>
'ELATTOU$ 'AU, DEILO$ DE-KAI 'AGUMNASTO$ GEGONW$
PRO$ TO SWFRONEIN MEIZOU$ KAI SFODROTERA$ PARECETAI
METABOLA$ TH$ KINHSEW$; "OLW$ DE FQEGGOMENO$, 'EI=T' 'EN
'WIDAI$ 'EI=T' 'EN LOGOI$, "HSUCIAN 'OU PANU DUNATO$ TW*I SWMATI
PARECESQAI PA$. DIO MIMHSI$ TWN LEGOMENWN SCHMASI GENOMENH
THN 'ORCHSTIKHN 'EXHRGASATO TECNHN SUMPASAN. "O MEN-'OUN
'EMMELW$ "HMWN, "O DE PLHMMELW$ 'EN TOUTOI$ PASI KINEITAI.
<P 816B>
POLLA MEN-DH-TOINUN 'A=LLA "HMIN TWN PALAIWN 'ONOMATWN
"W$ 'EU KAI KATA FUSIN KEIMENA DEI DIANOOUMENON 'EPAINEIN,
TOUTWN DE "EN KAI TO PERI= TA$ 'ORCHSEI$ TA$ TWN 'EU PRATTONTWN0,
'ONTWN0 DE METRIWN 'AUTWN PRO$ TA$ "HDONA$, "W$ 'ORQW$
"AMA KAI MOUSIKW$ 'WNOMASEN "OSTI$ POT' 'H*N, KAI KATA LOGON
'AUTAI$ QEMENO$ 'ONOMA SUMPASAI$ 'EMMELEIA$ 'EPWNOMASE, KAI
DUO DH TWN 'ORCHSEWN TWN KALWN 'EIDH KATESTHSATO, TO MEN
POLEMIKON PURRICHN, TO DE 'EIRHNIKON 'EMMELEIAN, "EKATERWI TO
<P 816C>
PREPON TE-KAI "ARMOTTON 'EPIQEI$ 'ONOMA. "A DH DEI TON MEN
NOMOQETHN 'EXHGEISQAI TUPOI$, TON DE NOMOFULAKA ZHTEIN TE-KAI
'ANEREUNHSAMENON, META TH$ 'ALLH$ MOUSIKH$ THN 'ORCHSIN
SUNQENTA KAI NEIMANTA 'EPI PASA$ "EORTA$ TWN QUSIWN "EKASTHI
TO PROSFORON, "OUTW KAQIERWSANTA 'AUTA PANTA 'EN TAXEI,
TOU* LOIPOU MH KINEIN MHDEN MHTE 'ORCHSEW$ 'ECOMENON MHTE
'WIDH$, 'EN TAI$ D' 'AUTAI$ "HDONAI$ "WSAUTW$ THN 'AUTHN POLIN
<P 816D>
KAI POLITA$ DIAGONTA$, "OMOIOU$ 'EI$ DUNAMIN 'ONTA$, ZHN 'EU
TE-KAI 'EUDAIMONW$.
TA MEN-'OUN TWN KALWN SWMATWN KAI GENNAIWN YUCWN
'EI$ TA$ COREIA$, "OIA$ 'EIRHTAI DEIN 'AUTA$ 'EINAI, DIAPEPERANTAI,
TA DE TWN 'AISCRWN SWMATWN KAI DIANOHMATWN KAI TWN 'EPI
TA TOU* GELWTO$ KWMWIDHMATA TETRAMMENWN, KATA LEXIN TE-KAI
'WIDHN KAI KATA 'ORCHSIN KAI KATA TA TOUTWN PANTWN
MIMHMATA KEKWMWIDHMENA, 'ANAGKH MEN QEASASQAI KAI GNWRIZEIN;
'ANEU GAR GELOIWN TA SPOUDAI*A KAI PANTWN TWN
<P 816E>
'ENANTIWN TA 'ENANTIA MAQEIN MEN 'OU DUNATON, 'EI MELLEI0 TI$
FRONIMO$ 'ESESQAI, POIEIN DE 'OUK 'AU DUNATON 'AMFO=TERA, 'EI
TI$ 'AU MELLEI0 KAI SMIKRON 'ARETH$ MEQEXEIN, 'ALLA= 'AUTWN
"ENEKA TOUTWN KAI MANQANEIN 'AUTA DEI, TOU* MH POTE DI'
'AGNOIAN DRAN 'H= LEGEIN "OSA GELOI*A, MHDEN DEON, DOULOI$ DE TA
TOIAUTA KAI XENOI$ 'EMMISQOI$ PROSTATTEIN MIMEISQAI, SPOUDHN
DE PERI= 'AUTA 'EINAI MHDEPOTE MHD' "HNTINOUN, MHDE TINA MANQANONTA
'AUTA GIGNESQAI FANERON TWN 'ELEUQERWN, MHTE GUNAIKA
MHTE 'ANDRA, KAINON DE 'AEI TI PERI= 'AUTA FAINESQAI TWN MIMHMATWN.
"OSA MEN-'OUN PERI= GELWTA 'ESTIN PAIGNIA, "A DH


<P 817A>
KWMWIDIAN PANTE$ LEGOMEN, "OUTW$ TW*I NOMWI KAI LOGWI KEISQW;
TWN DE SPOUDAIWN, "W$ FASI0, TWN PERI= TRAGWIDIAN "HMIN
POIHTWN, 'EA=N POTE TINE$ 'AUTWN "HMA$ 'ELQONTE$ 'EPANERWTHSWSIN
"OUTWSI PW$; 'W* XENOI, POTERON FOITWMEN2 "UMIN 'EI$
THN POLIN TE-KAI CWRAN 'H= MH, KAI THN POIHSIN FERWMEN TE-KAI
'AGWMEN, 'H= PW*$ "UMIN DEDOKTAI PERI= TA TOIAUTA DRAN:
TI= 'OUN 'AN4 PRO$ TAUTA 'ORQW$ 'APOKRINAIMEQA TOI$ QEIOI$ 'ANDRASIN:
<P 817B>
'EMOI4 MEN-GAR DOKEI0 TADE; 'W* 'ARISTOI, FANAI, TWN
XENWN, "HMEI$ 'ESMEN TRAGWIDIA$ 'AUTOI POIHTAI KATA DUNAMIN
"OTI2 KALLISTH$ "AMA KAI 'ARISTH$; PASA 'OUN "HMIN "H POLITEIA
SUNESTHKE0 MIMHSI$ TOU* KALLISTOU KAI 'ARISTOU BIOU, "O= DH
FAMEN "HMEI$ GE 'ONTW$ 'EINAI TRAGWIDIAN THN 'ALHQESTATHN.
POIHTAI MEN-'OUN "UMEI$, POIHTAI DE-KAI "HMEI$ 'ESMEN TWN
'AUTWN, "UMIN 'ANTITECNOI TE-KAI 'ANTAGWNISTAI TOU* KALLISTOU
DRAMATO$, "O= DH NOMO$ 'ALHQH$ MONO$ 'APOTELEIN0 PEFUKEN0, "W$
<P 817C>
"H PAR' "HMWN 'ESTIN 'ELPI$; MH-DH DOXHTE "HMA$ "RA\DIW$ GE
"OUTW$ "UMA$ POTE PAR' "HMIN 'EASEIN SKHNA$ TE PHXANTA$ KAT'
'AGORAN KAI KALLIFWNOU$ "UPOKRITA$ 'EISAGAGOMENOU$, MEIZON
FQEGGOMENOU$ "HMWN, 'EPITREYEIN "UMIN DHMHGOREIN PRO$ PAIDA$
TE-KAI GUNAIKA$ KAI TON PANTA 'OCLON, TWN 'AUTWN LEGONTA$
'EPITHDEUMATWN PE=RI MH TA 'AUTA "APER "HMEI$, 'ALL' "W$ TO
POLU KAI 'ENANTIA TA PLEISTA. SCEDON GAR-TOI 'KAN4 MAINOIMEQA
<P 817D>
TELEW$ "HMEI$ TE-KAI "APASA "H POLI$, "HTISOUN "UMIN
'EPITREPOI DRAN TA NU*N LEGOMENA, PRIN KRINAI0 TA$ 'ARCA$ 'EI=TE
"RHTA KAI 'EPITH=DEIA PEPOIHKATE LEGEIN 'EI$ TO MESON 'EI=TE MH.
NU*N 'OUN, 'W* PAIDE$ MALAKWN MOUSWN 'EKGONOI, 'EPIDEIXANTE$
TOI$ 'ARCOUSI4 PRWTON TA$ "UMETERA$ PARA TA$ "HMETERA$ 'WIDA$
'AN2 MEN TA 'AUTA GE 'H=-KAI BELTIW TA PAR' "UMWN FAINHTAI
LEGOMENA, DWSOMEN "UMIN CORON, 'EI DE MH, 'W* FILOI, 'OUK 'AN4
POTE DUNAIMEQA.
<P 817E>
TAUT' 'OUN 'ESTW PERI= PASAN COREIAN KAI MAQHSIN TOUTWN
PE=RI SUNTETAGMENA NOMOI$ 'EQH, CWRI$ MEN TA TWN DOULWN,
CWRI$ DE TA TWN DESPOTWN, 'EI SUNDOKEI0.
KL _ PW*$ D' 'OU SUNDOKEI0 NU*N GE "OUTW$:
AQ _ 'ETI DH-TOINUN TOI$ 'ELEUQEROI$ 'ESTIN TRIA MAQHMATA,
LOGISMOI MEN-KAI TA PERI= 'ARIQMOU$ "EN MAQHMA, METRHTIKH
DE MHKOU$ KAI 'EPIPEDOU KAI BAQOU$ "W$ "EN 'AU DEUTERON,
TRITON DE TH$ TWN 'ASTRWN PERIODOU PRO$ 'ALLHLA "W$ PEFUKEN0


<P 818A>
POREUESQAI. TAUTA DE SUMPANTA 'OUC "W$ 'AKRIBEIA$
'ECOMENA DEI DIAPONEIN TOU$ POLLOU$ 'ALLA= TINA$ 'OLIGOU$ %
"OU$ DE, PROIONTE$ 'EPI TW*I TELEI FRASOMEN; "OUTW GAR PREPON
'AN4 'EIH % TW*I PLHQEI DE, "OSA 'AUTWN 'ANAGKAI*A KAI PW$ 'ORQOTATA
LEGETAI MH 'EPISTASQAI MEN TOI$ POLLOI$ 'AISCRON, DI'
'AKRIBEIA$ DE ZHTEIN PANTA 'OUTE "RA\DION 'OUTE TO PARAPAN
DUNATON. TO DE 'ANAGKAION 'AUTWN 'OUC "OION-TE 'APOBALLEIN,
<P 818B>
'ALL' 'EOIKEN0 "O TON QEON PRWTON PAROIMIASAMENO$ 'EI$ TAUTA
'APOBLEYA$ 'EIPEIN "W$ 'OUDE9 QEO$1 'ANAGKHI9 MH POTE FANHI MACOMENO$1,
"OSAI QEIAI GE, 'OIMAI, TWN GE 'ANAGKWN 'EISIN; 'EPEI
TWN GE 'ANQRWPINWN, 'EI$ "A$ "OI POLLOI BLEPONTE$ LEGOUSI0
TO TOIOUTON, "OUTO$ PANTWN TWN LOGWN 'EUHQESTATO$ 'ESTIN
MAKRWI.
KL _ TI=NE$ 'OUN, 'W* XENE, "AI MH TOIAUTAI 'ANAGKAI TWN
MAQHMATWN, QEIAI DE:
AQ _ DOKW0 MEN, "A$ MH TI$ PRAXA$ MHDE 'AU MAQWN TO
<P 818C>
PARAPAN 'OUK 'AN4 POTE GENOITO 'ANQRWPOI$ QEO$ 'OUDE DAIMWN
'OUDE "HRW$ "OIO$ DUNATO$ 'ANQRWPWN 'EPIMELEIAN SUN SPOUDHI
POIEISQAI; POLLOU D' 'AN4 DEHSEIEN 'ANQRWPO$ GE QEIO$
GENESQAI MHTE "EN MHTE DUO MHTE TRIA MHQ' "OLW$ 'A=RTIA KAI
PERITTA DUNAMENO$ GIGNWSKEIN, MHDE 'ARIQMEIN TO PARAPAN
'EIDW$, MHDE NUKTA KAI "HMERAN DIARIQMEISQAI DUNATO$ 'WN,
SELHNH$ DE-KAI "HLIOU KAI TWN 'ALLWN 'ASTRWN PERIFORA$
<P 818D>
'APEIRW$ 'ECWN. TAUT' 'OUN-DH PANTA "W$ MEN 'OUK 'ANAGKAI*A
'ESTI MAQHMATA TW*I MELLONTI SCEDON "OTIOUN TWN KALLISTWN
MAQHMATWN 'EISESQAI, POLLH KAI MWRIA TOU* DIANOHMATO$;
POI*A DE "EKASTA TOUTWN KAI PO=SA KAI PO=TE MAQHTEON,
KAI TI= META TI=NO$ KAI TI= CWRI$ TWN 'ALLWN, KAI PASAN
THN TOUTWN KRASIN, TAUTA 'ESTIN "A DEI LABONTA 'ORQW$
PRWTA, 'EPI 'TALLA 'IONTA TOUTWN "HGOUMENWN TWN MAQHMATWN
MANQANEIN. "OUTW GAR 'ANAGKH FUSEI KATEILHFEN0, "HI
<P 818E>
FAMEN 'OUDENA QEWN 'OUTE MACESQAI TA NU*N 'OUTE MACEISQAI
POTE.
KL _ 'EOIKEN0 GE, 'W* XENE, NU*N "OUTW PW$ "RHQENTA 'ORQW$
'EIRHSQAI KAI KATA FUSIN "A LEGEI$.
AQ _ 'ECEI0 MEN-GAR "OUTW$, 'W* KLEINIA, CALEPON DE 'AUTA
PROTAXAMENON TOUTWI TW*I TROPWI NOMOQETEIN; 'ALL' 'EI$ 'ALLON,
'EI DOKEI0, CRONON 'AKRIBESTERON 'AN4 NOMOQETHSAIMEQA.
KL _ DOKEI$ "HMIN, 'W* XENE, FOBEISQAI TO TH$ "HMETERA$
PERI= TWN TOIOUTWN 'APEIRIA$ 'EQO$. 'OU=KOUN 'ORQW$
FOBHI0; PEIRW5 DH LEGEIN MHDEN 'APOKRUPTOMENO$ "ENEKA
TOUTWN.


<P 819A>
AQ _ FOBOUMAI MEN-KAI TAUTA "A SU NU*N LEGEI$, MALLON
D' 'ETI DEDOIKA TOU$ "HMMENOU$ MEN 'AUTWN TOUTWN TWN MAQHMATWN,
KAKW$ D' "HMMENOU$. 'OUDAMOU GAR DEINON 'OUDE
SFODRON 'APEIRIA TWN PANTWN 'OUDE MEGISTON KAKON, 'ALL'
"H POLUPEIRIA KAI POLUMAQIA META KAKH$ 'AGWGH$ GIGNETAI
POLU TOUTWN MEIZWN ZHMIA.
KL _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
AQ _ TOSADE TOINUN "EKASTWN CRH FANAI MANQANEIN DEIN
<P 819B>
TOU$ 'ELEUQEROU$, "OSA KAI PAMPOLU$ 'EN 'AIGUPTWI PAIDWN
'OCLO$ "AMA GRAMMASI MANQANEI0. PRWTON MEN-GAR PERI= LOGISMOU$
'ATECNW$ PAISIN 'EXHURHMENA MAQHMATA META PAIDIA$ TE-KAI
"HDONH$ MANQANEIN, MHLWN TE TINWN DIANOMAI KAI STEFANWN
PLEIOSIN "AMA KAI 'ELATTOSIN "ARMOTTONTWN0 'ARIQMWN TWN 'AUTWN,
KAI PUKTWN KAI PALAISTWN 'EFEDREIA$ TE-KAI SULLHXEW$ 'EN
MEREI KAI 'EFEXH$ KAI "W$ PEFUKASI GIGNESQAI. KAI-DH-KAI
PAIZONTE$, FIALA$ "AMA CRUSOU KAI CALKOU KAI 'ARGUROU
<P 819C>
KAI TOIOUTWN TINWN 'ALLWN KERANNUNTE$, "OI DE-KAI "OLA$ PW$
DIADIDONTE$, "OPER 'EIPON, 'EI$ PAIDIAN 'ENARMOTTONTE$ TA$ TWN
'ANAGKAIWN 'ARIQMWN CRHSEI$, 'WFELOUSI0 TOU$ MANQANONTA$
'EI$ TE TA$ TWN STRATOPEDWN TAXEI$ KAI 'AGWGA$ KAI STRATEIA$
KAI 'EI$ 'OIKONOMIA$ 'AU, KAI PANTW$ CRHSIMWTEROU$
'AUTOU$ "AUTOI$ KAI 'EGRHGOROTA$ MALLON TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$
'APERGAZONTAI; META DE TAUTA 'EN TAI$ METRHSESIN, "OSA 'ECEI0
<P 819D>
MHKH KAI PLATH KAI BAQH, PERI= "APANTA TAUTA 'ENOUSAN TINA
FUSEI GELOIAN TE-KAI 'AISCRAN 'AGNOIAN 'EN TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$
PASIN, TAUTH$ 'APALLATTOUSIN0.
KL _ POI=AN DH-KAI TI=NA LEGEI$ TAUTHN:
AQ _ 'W* FILE KLEINIA, PANTAPASI GE-MHN-KAI 'AUTO$
'AKOUSA$ 'OYE POTE TO PERI= TAUTA "HMWN PAQO$ 'EQAUMASA,
KAI 'EDOXE MOI TOUTO 'OUK 'ANQRWPINON 'ALLA= "UHNWN TINWN 'EINAI
MALLON QREMMATWN, 'HISCUNQHN TE 'OUC "UPER 'EMAUTOU MONON,
<P 819E>
'ALLA=-KAI "UPER "APANTWN TWN "ELLHNWN.
KL _ TOU*2 PE=RI: LEG' "OTI2 KAI FH=I$, 'W* XENE.
AQ _ LEGW0 DH; MALLON DE 'ERWTWN SOI4 DEIXW2. KAI MOI
SMIKRON 'APOKRINAI2; GIGNWSKEI$ POU MHKO$:
KL _ TI= MHN:
AQ _ TI= DE: PLATO$:
KL _ PANTW$.
AQ _ 'H*-KAI TAUTA "OTI4 DU' 'ESTON0, KAI TRITON TOUTWN BAQO$:
KL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ _ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OU DOKEI0 SOI4 TAUTA 'EINAI PANTA METRHTA
PRO$ 'ALLHLA:
KL _ NAI.
AQ _ MHKO$ TE 'OIMAI PRO$ MHKO$, KAI PLATO$ PRO$


<P 820A>
PLATO$, KAI BAQO$ "WSAUTW$ DUNATON 'EINAI METREIN FUSEI.
KL _ SFO=DRA GE.
AQ _ 'EI D' 'ESTI MHTE SFO=DRA MHTE 'HREMA DUNATA 'E=NIA, 'ALLA=
TA MEN, TA DE MH, SU DE PANTA "HGHI0, PW*$ 'OIEI PRO$ TAUTA
DIAKEISQAI:
KL _ DHLON "OTI4 FAULW$.
AQ _ TI= D' 'AU MHKO$ TE-KAI PLATO$ PRO$ BAQO$, 'H= PLATO$
TE-KAI MHKO$ PRO$ 'ALLHLA: "WSTE8 PW*$8 'A*R' 'OU DIANOOUMEQA
PERI= TAUTA "OUTW$ "ELLHNE$ PANTE$, "W$ DUNATA 'ESTI METREISQAI
PRO$ 'ALLHLA "AMW$ GE PW$:
<P 820B>
KL _ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ 'EI D' 'ESTIN 'AU MHDAMW$ MHDAMHI DUNATA, PANTE$ D',
"OPER 'EIPON, "ELLHNE$ DIANOOUMEQA "W$ DUNATA, MWN 'OUK 'AXION
"UPER PANTWN 'AISCUNQENTA 'EIPEIN PRO$ 'AUTOU$; 'W* BELTISTOI
TWN "ELLHNWN, "EN 'EKEINWN TOUT' 'ESTIN "WN 'EFAMEN 'AISCRON
MEN GEGONENAI TO MH 'EPISTASQAI, TO D' 'EPISTASQAI 'TANAGKAIA
'OUDEN PANU KALON:
KL _ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
AQ _ KAI PRO$ TOUTOI$ GE 'A=LLA 'ESTIN TOUTWN SUGGENH,
<P 820C>
'EN "OI$ 'AU POLLA "AMARTHMATA 'EKEINWN 'ADELFA "HMIN 'EGGIGNETAI
TWN "AMARTHMATWN.
KL _ POI*A DH:
AQ _ TA TWN METRHTWN TE-KAI 'AMETRWN PRO$ 'ALLHLA "HITINI
FUSEI GEGONEN0. TAUTA GAR-DH SKOPOUNTA DIAGIGNWSKEIN
'ANAGKAION 'H= PANTAPASIN 'EINAI FAULON, PROBALLONTA TE
'ALLHLOI$ 'AEI, DIATRIBHN TH$ PETTEIA$ POLU CARIESTERAN
PRESBUTWN DIATRIBONTA, FILONIKEIN 'EN TAI$ TOUTWN 'AXIAISI
SCOLAI$.
<P 820D>
KL _ 'ISW$; 'EOIKEN0 GOUN "H TE PETTEIA KAI TAUTA 'ALLHLWN
TA MAQHMATA 'OU PAMPOLU KECWRISQAI.
AQ _ TAUTA TOINUN 'EGW MEN, 'W* KLEINIA, FHMI TOU$ NEOU$
DEIN MANQANEIN; KAI-GAR-'OUTE BLABERA 'OUTE CALEPA 'ESTIN,
META DE PAIDIA$ "AMA MANQANOMENA 'WFELHSEI2 MEN, BLAYEI2 DE
"HMIN THN POLIN 'OUDEN. 'EI DE TI$ 'ALLW$ LEGEI0, 'AKOUSTEON.
KL _ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
AQ _ 'ALLA=-MHN 'AN2 "OUTW TAUTA 'ECONTA FAINHTAI, DHLON
"W$ 'EGKRINOUMEN2 'AUTA, MH TAUTHI DE FAINOMENA 'ECEIN
'APOKRIQHSETAI.
<P 820E>
KL _ DHLON; TI= MHN:
AQ _ 'OUKOU*N NU*N, 'W* XENE, KEISQW TAUTA "W$ 'ONTA TWN
DEONTWN0 MAQHMATWN, "INA MH DIAKENA "HMIN 'HI TA TWN NOMWN:
KEISQW MENTOI KAQAPER 'ENECURA LUSIMA 'EK TH$ 'ALLH$ POLITEIA$,
'EA=N 'H= TOU$ QENTA$ "HMA$ 'H=-KAI TOU$ QEMENOU$ "UMA$
MHDAMW$ FILOFRONHTAI.
KL _ DIKAIAN LEGEI$ THN QESIN.
AQ _ 'ASTRWN DH TO META TAUTA "ORA THN MAQHSIN TOI$
NEOI$, 'AN2 "HMA$ 'ARESKHI5 LECQEISA 'H=-KAI 'TOUNANTION.
KL _ LEGE MONON.
AQ _ KAI-MHN QAUMA GE PERI= 'AUTA 'ESTIN MEGA KAI 'OUDAMW$
'OUDAMHI 'ANEKTON.


<P 821A>
KL _ TO POI*ON DH:
AQ _ TON MEGISTON QEON KAI "OLON TON KOSMON FAMEN 'OUTE
ZHTEIN DEIN 'OUTE POLUPRAGMONEIN TA$ 'AITIA$ 'EREUNWNTA$ % 'OU-GAR-'OUD'
"OSION 'EINAI % TO DE 'EOIKEN0 PAN TOUTOU 'TOUNANTION
GIGNOMENON 'ORQW$ 'AN4 GIGNESQAI.
KL _ PW*$ 'EIPE$:
AQ _ PARADOXON MEN TO LEGOMENON, KAI 'OUK 'AN4 PRESBUTAI$
TI$ 'OIHQEIH PREPEIN; TO DE 'EPEIDAN TI$ TI KALON TE 'OIHQHI
KAI 'ALHQE$ MAQHMA 'EINAI KAI POLEI SUMFERON KAI TW*I QEWI
<P 821B>
PANTAPASI FILON, 'OUDENI DH TROPWI DUNATON 'ESTIN 'ETI MH
FRAZEIN.
KL _ 'EIKOTA LEGEI$; 'ALL' 'ASTRWN PE=RI MAQHMA TI= TOIOUTON
'ANEURHSOMEN:
AQ _ 'W* 'AGAQOI, KATAYEUDOMEQA NU*N "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN
"ELLHNE$ PANTE$, MEGALWN QEWN, "HLIOU TE "AMA KAI SELHNH$.
KL _ TO POI*ON DH YEUDO$:
AQ _ FAMEN 'AUTA 'OUDEPOTE THN 'AUTHN "ODON 'IENAI, KAI 'A=LL'0
'ATTA 'ASTRA META TOUTWN, 'EPONOMAZONTE$ PLANHTA 'AUTA.
<P 821C>
KL _ NH TON DI=A, 'W* XENE, 'ALHQE$ TOUTO LEGEI$; 'EN GAR-DH
TW*I BIWI POLLAKI$ "EWRAKA KAI 'AUTO$ TON TE "EWSFORON KAI
TON "ESPERON KAI 'ALLOU$ TINA$ 'OUDEPOTE 'IONTA$ 'EI$ TON 'AUTON
DROMON 'ALLA= PANTHI PLANWMENOU$, TON DE "HLION POU-KAI
SELHNHN DRWNTA$ TAUQ' "A 'AEI PANTE$ SUNEPISTAMEQA0.
AQ _ TAUT' 'ESTI TOINUN, 'W* MEGILLE TE-KAI KLEINIA, NU*N
"A DH FHMI DEIN PERI= QEWN TWN KAT' 'OURANON TOU$ GE "HMETEROU$
<P 821D>
POLITA$ TE-KAI TOU$ NEOU$ TO MECRI TOSOUTOU MAQEIN PERI=
"APANTWN TOUTWN, MECRI TOU* MH BLASFHMEIN PERI= 'AUTA,
'EUFHMEIN DE 'AEI QUONTA$ TE-KAI 'EN 'EUCAI$ 'EUCOMENOU$
'EUSEBW$.
KL _ TOUTO MEN 'ORQON, 'EI GE PRWTON MEN DUNATON 'ESTIN
"O= LEGEI$ MAQEIN; 'EITA, 'EI MH LEGOMEN TI PERI= 'AUTWN 'ORQW$
NU*N, MAQONTE$ DE LEXOMEN, SUGCWRW0 'KAGW TO GE TOSOUTON
KAI TOIOUTON 'ON MAQHTEON 'EINAI. TAUT' 'OUN "W$ 'ECONTA 'ESQ'
"OUTW, PEIRW5 SU MEN 'EXHGEISQAI PANTW$, "HMEI$ DE SUNEPESQAI
SOI4 MANQANONTE$.
<P 821E>
AQ _ 'ALL' 'ESTI MEN 'OU "RA\DION "O= LEGW0 MAQEIN, 'OUD' 'AU
PANTAPASI CALEPON, 'OUDE-GE TINO$ CRONOU PAMPOLLOU.
TEKMHRION DE; 'EGW TOUTWN 'OUTE NEO$ 'OUTE PALAI 'AKHKOW$
SFWIN 'AN4 NU*N 'OUK 'EN POLLWI CRONWI DHLWSAI0 DUNAIMHN. KAITOI
CALEPA GE 'ONTA 'OUK 'AN4 POTE "OIO$-T'-'H*N DHLOUN0 THLIKOUTOI$
'OUSI THLIKOUTO$.
KL _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$. 'ALLA= TI= KAI FH=I$ TOUTO TO MAQHMA


<P 822A>
"O= QAUMASTON MEN LEGEI$, PROSHKON0 D' 'AU MAQEIN TOI$ NEOI$,
'OU GIGNWSKEIN DE "HMA$: PEIRW5 PERI= 'AUTOU4 TO GE TOSOUTON
FRAZEIN "W$ SAFESTATA.
AQ _ PEIRATEON. 'OU-GAR 'ESTI TOUTO, 'W* 'ARISTOI, TO DOGMA
'ORQON PERI= SELHNH$ TE-KAI "HLIOU KAI TWN 'ALLWN 'ASTRWN, "W$
'A=RA PLANATAI0 POTE, PAN DE 'TOUNANTION 'ECEI0 TOUTOU % THN 'AUTHN
GAR 'AUTWN "ODON "EKASTON KAI 'OU POLLA$ 'ALLA= MIAN 'AEI KUKLWI
DIEXERCETAI, FAINETAI DE POLLA$ FEROMENON % TO DE TACISTON
'AUTWN 'ON BRADUTATON 'OUK 'ORQW$ 'AU DOXAZETAI, TO D' 'ENANTION
<P 822B>
'ENANTIW$. TAUT' 'OUN 'EI PEFUKEN0 MEN "OUTW$, "HMEI$ DE MH
TAUTHI DOXOMEN, 'EI MEN 'EN 'OLUMPIA\ QEONTWN0 "IPPWN "OUTW$ 'H=
DOLICODROMWN 'ANDRWN DIENOOUMEQA PE=RI, KAI PROSHGOREUOMEN
TON TACISTON MEN "W$ BRADUTATON, TON DE BRADUTATON "W$
TACISTON, 'EGKWMIA TE POIOUNTE$ 'HIDOMEN TON "HTTWMENON NENIKHKOTA,
'OUTE 'ORQW$ 'AN4 'OUT' 'OIMAI PROSFILW$ TOI$ DROMEUSIN
"HMA$ 'AN4 TA 'EGKWMIA PROSAPTEIN 'ANQRWPOI$ 'OUSIN; NU*N DE-DH
<P 822C>
PERI= QEOU$ TA 'AUTA TAUTA 'EXAMARTANONTWN0 "HMWN, 'A*R' 'OUK
'OIOMEQA "O=7 GELOION TE-KAI 'OUK 'ORQON 'EKEI GIGNOMENON 'H*N 'AN4
TO=TE, NU*N 'ENTAUQOI KAI 'EN TOUTOISI GIGNESQAI GELOION MEN
'OUDAMW$, 'OU-MHN-'OUDE QEOFILE$ GE, YEUDH FHMHN "HMWN KATA
QEWN "UMNOUNTWN0.
KL _ 'ALHQESTATA, 'EIPER GE "OUTW TAUT' 'ESTIN.
AQ _ 'OUKOU*N 'AN2 MEN DEIXWMEN "OUTW TAUT' 'ECONTA, MAQHTEA
MECRI GE TOUTOU TA TOIAUTA PANTA, MH DEICQENTWN5 DE 'EATEON:
KAI TAUTA "HMIN "OUTW SUGKEISQW:
<P 822D>
KL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ 'HDH TOINUN CRH FANAI TELO$ 'ECEIN TA GE PAIDEIA$
MAQHMATWN PE=RI NOMIMA; PERI= DE QHRA$ "WSAUTW$ DIANOHQHNAI
CRH KAI PERI= "APANTWN "OPOSA TOIAUTA. KINDUNEUEI0 GAR-DH
NOMOQETHI TO PROSTATTOMENON 'EPI MEIZON 'EINAI TOU* NOMOU$
QENTA 'APHLLACQAI, "ETERON DE TI PRO$ TOI$ NOMOI$ 'EINAI
METAXU TI NOUQETHSEW$ TE PEFUKO$ "AMA KAI NOMWN, "O= DH
<P 822E>
POLLAKI$ "HMWN 'EMPEPTWKEN0 TOI$ LOGOI$, "OION PERI= THN TWN
SFO=DRA NEWN PAIDWN TROFHN; 'OU-GAR 'ARRHTA FAMEN 'EINAI,
LEGONTE$ TE 'AUTA "W$ NOMOU$ 'OIESQAI TIQEMENOU$ 'EINAI POLLH$
'ANOIA$ GEMEIN. GEGRAMMENWN DH TAUTHI TWN NOMWN TE-KAI
"OLH$ TH$ POLITEIA$, 'OU TELEO$ "O TOU* DIAFERONTO$ POLITOU PRO$
'ARETHN GIGNETAI 'EPAINO$ "OTAN 'AUTON TI$ FHI5 TON "UPHRETHSANTA
TOI$ NOMOI$ 'ARISTA KAI PEIQOMENON MALISTA, TOUTON 'EINAI TON
'AGAQON; TELEWTERON DE "WDE 'EIRHMENON, "W$ 'A=RA "O$4 'AN4 TOI$ TOU*
NOMOQETOU NOMOQETOUNTO$ TE-KAI 'EPAINOUNTO$ KAI YEGONTO$


<P 823A>
PEIQOMENO$ GRAMMASIN DIEXELQHI6 TON BION 'AKRATON. "OUTO$ "O
TE LOGO$ 'ORQOTATO$ 'EI$ 'EPAINON POLITOU, TON TE NOMOQETHN
'ONTW$ DEI MH MONON GRAFEIN TOU$ NOMOU$, PRO$ DE TOI$ NOMOI$,
"OSA KALA 'AUTWI DOKEI0 KAI MH KALA 'EINAI, NOMOI$ 'EMPEPLEGMENA
GRAFEIN, TON DE 'AKRON POLITHN MHDEN "HTTON TAUTA 'EMPEDOUN0
'H= TA TAI$ ZHMIAI$ "UPO NOMWN KATEILHMMENA. TO DE-DH
PARON "HMIN TA NU*N 'EI7 "OION MARTURA 'EPAGOMEQA, DHLOIMEN 'AN4
<P 823B>
"O= BOULOMEQA MALLON. QHRA GAR PAMPOLU TI PRAGMA 'ESTI,
PERIEILHMMENON 'ONOMATI NU*N SCEDON "ENI. POLLH MEN-GAR "H
TWN 'ENUDRWN, POLLH DE "H TWN PTHNWN, PAMPOLU DE-KAI TO
PERI= TA PEZA QHREUMATA, 'OU MONON QHRIWN, 'ALLA=-KAI THN TWN
'ANQRWPWN 'AXIAN 'ENNOEIN QHRAN, THN TE KATA POLEMON, POLLH
DE-KAI "H KATA FILIAN QHREUOUSA, "H MEN 'EPAINON, "H DE YOGON
'ECEI0; KAI KLWPEIAI KAI LHISTWN KAI STRATOPEDWN STRATOPEDOI$
<P 823C>
QHRAI. QHRA$ DE PE=RI TIQENTI TW*I NOMOQETHI TOU$
NOMOU$ 'OUTE MH DHLOUN0 TAUQ' "OION-TE, 'OUTE 'EPI PASIN TAXEI$
KAI ZHMIA$ 'EPITIQENTA 'APEILHTIKA NOMIMA TIQENAI. TI= DH
DRASTEON PERI= TA TOIAUTA: TON MEN, TON NOMOQETHN, 'EPAINESAI0
KAI YEXAI0 CREWN TA PERI= QHRA$ PRO$ TOU$ TWN NEWN PONOU$
TE-KAI 'EPITHDEUMATA, TON D' 'AU NEON 'AKOUSANTA PEIQESQAI,
KAI-MHQ' "HDONHN MHTE PONON 'EXEIRGEIN 'AUTON, TWN DE PERI=
"EKASTA 'APEILHQENTWN5 META ZHMIA$ KAI NOMOQETHQENTWN5, TA
<P 823D>
MET' 'EPAINOU "RHQENTA MALLON TIMAN KAI PROSTACQENTA
'APOTELEIN0.
TOUTWN DH PRORRHQENTWN5, "EXH$ 'AN4 GIGNOITO 'EMMETRO$
'EPAINO$ QHRA$ KAI YOGO$, "HTI$ MEN BELTIOU$ 'APOTELEI20 TA$
YUCA$ TWN NEWN 'EPAINOUNTO$, YEGONTO$ DE "H=4 'TANANTIA.
LEGWMEN TOINUN TO META TOUTO "EXH$ PROSAGOREUONTE$ DI'
'EUCH$ TOU$ NEOU$; 'W* FILOI, 'EI=Q' "UMA$ MHTE TI$ 'EPIQUMIA MHT'
'ERW$ TH$ PERI= QALATTAN QHRA$ POTE LABOI MHDE 'AGKISTREIA$
<P 823E>
MHD' "OLW$ TH$ TWN 'ENUDRWN ZWIWN, MHTE 'EGRHGOROSIN MHTE
"EUDOUSIN4 KURTOI$ 'ARGON QHRAN DIAPONOUMENOI$. MHD' 'AU 'AGRA$
'ANQRWPWN KATA QALATTAN LHISTEIA$ TE "IMERO$ 'EPELQWN "UMIN
QHREUTA$ 'WMOU$ KAI 'ANOMOU$ 'APOTELOI0; KLWPEIA$ D' 'EN CWRA\
KAI POLEI MHDE 'EI$ TON 'ESCATON 'EPELQOI NOUN "AYASQAI. MHD'
'AU PTHNWN QHRA$ "AIMULO$ 'ERW$ 'OU SFO=DRA 'ELEUQERIO$ 'EPELQOI


<P 824A>
TINI NEWN. PEZWN DH MONON QHREUSI$ TE-KAI 'AGRA LOIPH TOI$
PAR' "HMIN 'AQLHTAI$, "WN "H MEN TWN "EUDONTWN0 'AU KATA MERH,
NUKTEREI=A KLHQEISA, 'ARGWN 'ANDRWN, 'OUK 'AXI=A 'EPAINOU, 'OUD'
"HTTON DIAPAUMATA PONWN 'ECOUSA, 'ARKUSIN TE-KAI PAGAI$ 'ALL'
'OU FILOPONOU YUCH$ NIKHI CEIROUMENWN THN 'AGRION TWN
QHRIWN "RWMHN; MONH DH PASIN LOIPH KAI 'ARISTH "H TWN
TETRAPODWN "IPPOI$ KAI KUSIN KAI TOI$ "EAUTWN QHRA SWMASIN,
"WN "APANTWN KRATOUSIN0 DROMOI$ KAI PLHGAI$ KAI BOLAI$
'AUTOCEIRE$ QHREUONTE$, "OSOI$ 'ANDREIA$ TH$ QEIA$ 'EPIMELE$.
TOUTWN DH PANTWN 'EPAINO$ MEN PE=RI KAI YOGO$ "O DIEIRHMENO$
'AN4 'EIH LOGO$, NOMO$ DE "ODE; TOUTOU$ MHDEI$ TOU$ "IEROU$
'ONTW$ QHREUTA$ KWLUETW "OPOU KAI "OPHIPER 'AN4 'EQELWSIN KUNHGETEIN,
NUKTEREUTHN DE 'ARKUSIN KAI PLEKTAI$ PISTON MHDEI$
MHDEPOTE 'EASHI6 MHDAMOU QHREUSAI0; TON 'ORNIQEUTHN DE 'EN 'ARGOI$
MEN-KAI 'ORESIN MH KWLUETW, 'EN 'ERGASIMOI$ DE-KAI "IEROI$
'AGRIOI$ 'EXEIRGETW "O PROSTUGCANWN, 'ENUGROQHREUTHN DE, PLHN
'EN LIMESIN KAI "IEROI$ POTAMOI$ TE-KAI "ELESI KAI LIMNAI$,
'EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$ DE 'EXESTW QHREUEIN, MH CRWMENON 'OPWN
'ANAQOLWSEI MONON.
NU*N 'OUN 'HDH PANTA CRH FANAI TELO$ 'ECEIN TA GE PAIDEIA$
PE=RI NOMIMA.
KL _ KALW$ 'AN4 LEGOI$.


<B NOM8>


<P 828A>
AQ _ TOUTWN MHN 'ECOMENA 'ESTIN TAXASQAI MEN-KAI NOMOQETHSASQAI
"EORTA$ META TWN 'EK DELFWN MANTEIWN, "AITINE$
QUSIAI KAI QEOI$ "OISTISIN 'AMEINON KAI LWION QUOUSHI THI POLEI
GIGNOINT' 'AN4; PO=TE DE-KAI PO=SAI TON 'ARIQMON, SCEDON 'ISW$
"HMETERON 'AN4 NOMOQETEIN 'ENIA G' 'AUTWN 'EIH.
KL _ TAC' 'AN4 TON 'ARIQMON.
AQ _ TON 'ARIQMON DH LEGWMEN PRWTON; 'ESTWSAN GAR TWN
<P 828B>
MEN PENTE KAI "EXHKONTA KAI TRIAKOSIWN MHDEN 'APOLEIPOUSAI,
"OPW$ 'AN4 MIA GE TI$ 'ARCH QUHI5 QEWN 'H= DAIMONWN TINI 'AEI "UPER
POLEW$ TE-KAI 'AUTWN KAI KTHMATWN. TAUTA DE SUNELQONTE$
'EXHGHTAI KAI "IEREI$ "IEREIAI TE-KAI MANTEI$ META NOMOFULAKWN
TAXANTWN2 "A PARALEIPEIN 'ANAGKH TW*I NOMOQETHI; KAI-DH-KAI
'AUTOU4 TOUTOU CRH GIGNESQAI 'EPIGNWMONA$ TOU* PARALEIPOMENOU
TOUTOU$ TOU$ 'AUTOU$. "O MEN-GAR-DH NOMO$ 'EREI2 DWDEKA MEN
<P 828C>
"EORTA$ 'EINAI TOI$ DWDEKA QEOI$, "WN 'AN4 "H FULH "EKASTH
'EPWNUMO$ 'HI, QUONTA$ TOUTWN "EKASTOI$ 'EMMHNA "IERA, COROU$
TE-KAI 'AGWNA$ MOUSIKOU$, TOU$ DE GUMNIKOU$, KATA TO PREPON
PROSNEMONTA$ TOI$ QEOI$ TE 'AUTOI$ "AMA KAI TAI$ "WRAI$ "EKASTAI$,
GUNAIKEIA$ TE "EORTA$, "OSAI$ CWRI$ 'ANDRWN PROSHKEI0
KAI "OSAI$ MH, DIANEMONTA$. 'ETI DE-KAI TO TWN CQONIWN KAI
"OSOU$ 'AU QEOU$ 'OURANIOU$ 'EPONOMASTEON KAI TO TWN TOUTOI$
"EPOMENWN 'OU SUMMEIKTEON 'ALLA= CWRISTEON, 'EN TW*I TOU* PLOUTWNO$
<P 828D>
MHNI TW*I DWDEKATWI KATA TON NOMON 'APODIDONTA$, KAI
'OU DUSCERANTEON POLEMIKOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ TON TOIOUTON QEON,
'ALLA= TIMHTEON "W$ 'ONTA 'AEI TW*I TWN 'ANQRWPWN GENEI 'ARISTON;
KOINWNIA GAR YUCHI KAI SWMATI DIALUSEW$ 'OUK 'ESTIN "HI
KREITTON, "W$ 'EGW FAIHN 'AN4 SPOUDHI LEGWN. PRO$ TOUTOI$ DE
DIANOIAN CRH SCEIN TOU$ DIAIRHSONTA$ "IKANW$ TAUTA TOIANDE,
"W$ 'ESQ' "HMIN "H POLI$ "OIAN 'OUK 'AN4 TI$ "ETERAN "EUROI TWN NU*N
PERI= CRONOU SCOLH$ KAI TWN 'ANAGKAIWN 'EXOUSIA$, DEI DE


<P 829A>
'AUTHN, KAQAPER "ENA 'ANQRWPON, ZHN 'EU; TOI$ DE 'EUDAIMONW$
ZWSIN4 "UPARCEIN 'ANAGKH PRWTON TO MHQ' "EAUTOU$ 'ADIKEIN MHTE
"UF' "ETERWN 'AUTOU$ 'ADIKEISQAI. TOUTOIN DE TO MEN 'OU PANU
CALEPON, TOU* DE MH 'ADIKEISQAI KTHSASQAI DUNAMIN PAGCALEPON,
KAI 'OUK 'ESTIN2 'AUTO TELEW$ SCEIN 'ALLW$ 'H= TELEW$
GENOMENON 'AGAQON; 'TAUTON DH TOUTO 'ESTI2 KAI POLEI "UPARCEIN,
GENOMENHI MEN 'AGAQHI BIO$ 'EIRHNIKO$, POLEMIKO$ DE 'EXWQEN TE-KAI
'ENDOQEN, 'AN2 'HI KAKH. TOUTWN DE TAUTHI SCEDON 'ECONTWN0,
<P 829B>
'OUK 'EN POLEMWI TON POLEMON "EKASTOI$ GUMNASTEON, 'ALL' 'EN
TW*I TH$ 'EIRHNH$ BIWI. DEI TOINUN POLIN "EKASTOU MHNO$ NOUN
KEKTHMENHN STRATEUESQAI MH 'ELATTON MIA$ "HMERA$, PLEIOU$
DE, "W$ 'AN4 KAI TOI$ 'ARCOUSIN4 SUNDOKHI5, MHDEN CEIMWNA$ 'H=
KAUMATA DIEULABOUMENOU$, 'AUTOU$ TE "AMA KAI GUNAIKA$ KAI
PAIDA$, "OTAN "W$ PANDHMIAN 'EXAGEIN DOXHI6 TOI$ 'ARCOUSIN4, TOTE=
DE-KAI KATA MERH; KAI TINA$ 'AEI PAIDIA$ MHCANASQAI KALA$
"AMA QUSIAI$, "OPW$ 'AN4 GIGNWNTAI MACAI TINE$ "EORTASTIKAI,
<P 829C>
MIMOUMENAI TA$ POLEMIKA$ "OTI2 MALISTA 'ENARGW$ MACA$.
NIKHTHRIA DE-KAI 'ARISTEIA "EKASTOISI TOUTWN DEI DIANEMEIN0
'EGKWMIA TE-KAI YOGOU$ POIEIN 'ALLHLOI$, "OPOIO$ TI$ 'AN4 "EKASTO$
GIGNHTAI KATA TE TOU$ 'AGWNA$ 'EN PANTI TE 'AU TW*I BIWI TON
TE 'ARISTON DOKOUNTA 'EINAI KOSMOUNTA$ KAI TON MH YEGONTA$.
POIHTH$ DE 'ESTW TWN TOIOUTWN MH "APA$, 'ALLA= GEGONW$ PRWTON
MEN MH 'ELATTON PENTHKONTA 'ETWN, MHD' 'AU TWN "OPOSOI POIHSIN
MEN-KAI MOUSAN "IKANW$ KEKTHMENOI 'EN "AUTOI$ 'EISIN, KALON DE
<P 829D>
'ERGON KAI 'EPIFANE$ MHDEN DRASANTE$ PWPOTE; "OSOI DE 'AGAQOI
TE 'AUTOI KAI TIMIOI 'EN THI POLEI, 'ERGWN 'ONTE$ DHMIOURGOI
KALWN, TA TWN TOIOUTWN 'A\DESQW POIHMATA, 'EA=N KAI MH
MOUSIKA PEFUKHI. KRISI$ DE 'AUTWN 'ESTW PARA TE TW*I PAIDEUTHI
KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ NOMOFULAXI, TOUTO 'APODIDONTWN0 'AUTOI$ GERA$,
PARRHSIAN 'EN MOUSAI$ 'EINAI MONOI$, TOI$ DE 'ALLOI$ MHDEMIAN
'EXOUSIAN GIGNESQAI, MHDE TINA TOLMAN 'A\DEIN 'ADOKIMON MOUSAN
MH KRINANTWN0 TWN NOMOFULAKWN, MHD' 'AN2 "HDIWN 'HI TWN QAMUROU
<P 829E>
TE-KAI 'ORFEIWN "UMNWN, 'ALL' "OSA TE "IERA KRIQENTA
POIHMATA 'EDOQH TOI$ QEOI$, KAI "OSA 'AGAQWN 'ONTWN0 'ANDRWN
YEGONTA 'H= 'EPAINOUNTA TINA$ 'EKRIQH METRIW$ DRAN TO TOIOUTON.
TA 'AUTA DE LEGW0 STRATEIA$ TE PE=RI KAI TH$ 'EN POIHSESI
PARRHSIA$ GUNAIXI TE-KAI 'ANDRASIN "OMOIW$ GIGNESQAI DEIN.
CRH DE 'ANAFEREIN PARADEIKNUNTA "EAUTWI TON NOMOQETHN TW*I
LOGWI; FERE, TI=NA$ POTE TREFW30 THN POLIN "OLHN PARASKEUASA$:


<P 830A>
'A*R' 'OUK 'AQLHTA$ TWN MEGISTWN 'AGWNWN, "OI$
'ANTAGWNISTAI MURIOI "UPARCOUSI0: KAI PANU GE, FAIH TI$ 'AN4
'ORQW$ LEGWN. TI= DHTA: 'EI PUKTA$ 'H= PAGKRATIASTA$ 'ETREFOMEN
'H= TI TWN TOIOUTWN "ETERON 'AGWNISMATWN 'AQLOUNTA$,
'A*RA 'EI$ 'AUTON 'AN4 'APHNTWMEN TON 'AGWNA, 'EN TW*I PROSQEN
CRONWI 'OUDENI KAQ' "HMERAN PROSMACOMENOI: 'H= PUKTAI GE 'ONTE$
PAMPOLLA$ 'AN4 "HMERA$ 'EMPROSQEN TOU* 'AGWNO$ 'EMANQANOMEN
<P 830B>
TE 'AN4 MACESQAI KAI DIEPONOUMEQA, MIMOUMENOI PANTA 'EKEINA
"OPOSOI$ 'EMELLOMEN 'EI$ TO=TE CRHSESQAI PERI= TH$ NIKH$ DIAMACOMENOI,
KAI "W$ 'EGGUTATA TOU* "OMOIOU 'IONTE$, 'ANTI "IMANTWN
SFAIRA$ 'AN4 PERIEDOUMEQA, "OPW$ "AI PLHGAI TE-KAI "AI TWN
PLHGWN 'EULABEIAI DIEMELETWNTO 'EI$ TO DUNATON "IKANW$, 'EI
TE TI$ "HMIN SUGGUMNASTWN SUNEBAINEN 'APORIA PLEIWN, 'A*R'
'AN4 DEISANTE$ TON TWN 'ANOHTWN GELWTA 'OUK 'AN4 'ETOLMWMEN
KREMANNUNTE$ 'EIDWLON 'AYUCON GUMNAZESQAI PRO$ 'AUTO: KAI
<P 830C>
'ETI PANTWN TWN TE 'EMYUCWN KAI TWN 'AYUCWN 'APORHSANTE$
POTE, 'EN 'ERHMIA\ SUGGUMNASTWN 'A*RA-GE 'OUK 'ETOLMHSAMEN 'AN4
'AUTOI PRO$ "HMA$-'AUTOU$ SKIAMACEIN 'ONTW$: 'H= TI= POTE 'ALLO
THN TOU* CEIRONOMEIN MELETHN 'AN4 TI$ FAIH GEGONENAI:
KL _ SCEDON, 'W* XENE, 'OUDEN 'ALLO GE PLHN TOUTO 'AUTO "O=
SU NU*N 'EFQEGXAI.
AQ _ TI= 'OUN: TO TH$ POLEW$ "HMIN MACIMON 'H* CEIRON TI
PARASKEUASAMENON TWN TOIOUTWN 'AGWNISTWN 'EI$ TON MEGISTON
TWN 'AGWNWN "EKASTOTE TOLMHSEI2 PARIENAI, DIAMACOUMENON PERI=
<P 830D>
YUCH$ KAI PAIDWN KAI CRHMATWN KAI "OLH$ TH$ POLEW$: KAI
TAUTA DH FOBHQEI$ 'AUTWN "O NOMOQETH$ TA PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$
GUMNASIA MH FAINHTAI TISIN GELOI*A, 'OUK-'A=RA NOMOQETHSEI2
STRATEUESQAI PROSTATTWN MALISTA MEN "EKASTH$ "HMERA$ TA
GE SMIKRA CWRI$ TWN "OPLWN, COROU$ TE 'EI$ TAUTA "AMA KAI
GUMNASTIKHN PASAN SUNTEINWN, TA$ DE "OION TINA$ MEIZOU$
TE-KAI 'ELATTOU$ GUMNASIA$ MH 'ELATTON 'H= KATA MHNA "EKASTON
POIEISQAI PROSTAXEI2, "AMILLA$ TE PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ POIOUMENOU$
<P 830E>
KATA PASAN THN CWRAN, 'EPI KATALHYIN CWRIWN "AMILLWMENOU$
KAI 'ENEDRA$, KAI PASAN MIMOUMENOU$ THN POLEMIKHN,
'ONTW$ SFAIROMACEIN TE-KAI BOLAI$ "W$ 'EGGUTATA TWN
'ALHQWN, CRWMENOU$ "UPOKINDUNOI$ BELESIN, "OPW$ MH PANTAPASIN
'AFOBO$ "H PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ GIGNHTAI PAIDIA, DEIMATA DE
PARECHI5 KAI TINA TROPON DHLOI2 TON TE 'EUYUCON KAI TON MH,


<P 831A>
KAI TOI$ MEN TIMA$, TOI$ DE-KAI 'ATIMIA$ DIANEMWN0 'ORQW$, THN
POLIN "OLHN 'EI$ TON 'ALHQINON 'AGWNA DIA= BIOU PARASKEUAZHI5
CRHSIMHN KAI-DH-KAI TINO$ 'APOQANONTO$ "OUTW$, "W$ 'AKOUSIOU
TOU* FONOU GENOMENOU, TIQHI5 TON 'APOKTEINANTA KATA NOMON
KAQARQENTA KAQARON 'EINAI CEIRA$, "HGOUMENO$ 'ANQRWPWN MEN
TELEUTHSANTWN0 MH POLLWN, "ETEROU$ PALIN 'OU CEIROU$ FUSESQAI,
FOBOU DE "OION TELEUTHSANTO$, 'EN PASIN TOI$ TOIOUTOI$
BASANON 'OUC "EURHSEIN TWN TE 'AMEINONWN KAI CEIRONWN, 'OU
<P 831B>
SMIKRWI POLEI MEIZON KAKON 'EKEINOU:
KL _ SUMFAIMEN 'AN4 "HMEI$ GE, 'W* XENE, TA TOIAUTA DEIN KAI
NOMOQETEIN KAI 'EPITHDEUEIN POLIN "APASAN.
AQ _ 'A*R'-'OUN GIGNWSKOMEN "APANTE$ THN 'AITIAN DIOTI POTE
NU*N 'EN TAI$ POLESIN "H TOIAUTH COREIA KAI 'AGWNIA SCEDON
'OUDAMHI 'OUDAMW$ 'ESTIN, 'EI MH PANU TI SMIKRA: 'H= FWMEN DI'
'AMAQIAN TWN POLLWN KAI TWN TIQENTWN0 'AUTOI$ TOU$ NOMOU$:
KL _ TAC' 'AN4.
<P 831C>
AQ _ 'OUDAMW$, 'W* MAKARIE KLEINIA; DUO DE CRH FANAI
TOUTWN 'AITIA$ 'EINAI KAI MALA "IKANA$.
KL _ POI=A$:
AQ _ THN MEN "UP' 'ERWTO$ PLOUTOU PANTA CRONON 'ASCOLON
POIOUNTO$ TWN 'ALLWN 'EPIMELEISQAI PLHN TWN 'IDIWN KTHMATWN,
'EX "WN KREMAMENH PASA YUCH POLITOU PANTO$ 'OUK 'AN4 POTE
DUNAITO TWN 'ALLWN 'EPIMELEIAN 'ISCEIN PLHN TOU* KAQ' "HMERAN
KERDOU$; KAI "OTI2 MEN PRO$ TOUTO FEREI0 MAQHMA 'H=-KAI 'EPITHDEUMA,
'IDIA\ PA$ MANQANEIN TE-KAI 'ASKEIN "ETOIMOTATO$ 'ESTIN,
<P 831D>
TWN DE 'ALLWN KATAGELA*I0. TOUTO MEN "EN KAI TAUTHN MIAN
'AITIAN CRH FANAI TOU* MHTE TOUTO MHT' 'ALLO MHDEN KALON
'KAGAQON 'EQELEIN 'EPITHDEUMA POLIN SPOUDAZEIN, 'ALLA= DIA= THN
TOU* CRUSOU TE-KAI 'ARGUROU 'APLHSTIAN PASAN MEN TECNHN
KAI MHCANHN, KALLIW TE-KAI 'ASCHMONESTERAN, 'EQELEIN "UPOMENEIN0
PANTA 'ANDRA, 'EI MELLEI0 PLOUSIO$ 'ESESQAI, KAI PRAXIN
PRATTEIN "OSION TE-KAI 'ANOSION KAI PANTW$ 'AISCRAN, MHDEN
DUSCERAINONTA, 'EA=N MONON 'ECHI5 DUNAMIN KAQAPER QHRIWI TOU*
<P 831E>
FAGEIN PANTODAPA KAI PIEIN "WSAUTW$ KAI 'AFRODISIWN PASAN
PANTW$ PARASCEIN PLHSMONHN.
KL _ 'ORQW$.
AQ _ "AU=TH MEN-TOINUN, "HN LEGW0, MIA KEISQW DIAKWLUOUSA
'AITIA TOU* MHTE 'ALLO KALON MHTE TA PRO$ TON POLEMON "IKANW$
'EWSA 'ASKEIN TA$ POLEI$, 'ALL' 'EMPOROU$ TE-KAI NAUKLHROU$
KAI DIAKONOU$ PANTW$ TOU$ FUSEI KOSMIOU$ TWN 'ANQRWPWN
'APERGAZOMENH, TOU$ DE 'ANDREIOU$ LHISTA$ KAI TOICWRUCOU$ KAI


<P 832A>
"IEROSULOU$ KAI POLEMIKOU$ KAI TURANNIKOU$ POIOUSA, KAI MAL'
'ENIOTE 'OUK 'AFUEI$ 'ONTA$, DUSTUCOUNTA$ GE-MHN.
KL _ PW*$ LEGEI$:
AQ _ PW*$ MEN-'OUN 'AUTOU$ 'OU LEGOIM' 'AN4 TO PARAPAN
DUSTUCEI$, "OI$ GE 'ANAGKH DIA= BIOU PEINWSIN4 THN YUCHN 'AEI
THN "AUTWN DIEXELQEIN:
KL _ "AU=TH MEN-TOINUN MIA; THN DE-DH DEUTERAN 'AITIAN
TI=NA LEGEI$, 'W* XENE:
AQ _ KALW$ "UPEMNHSA$.
KL _ "AU=TH MEN-DH, FH=I$ SU, MIA, "H DIA= BIOU 'APLHSTO$
<P 832B>
ZHTHSI$, PARECOUSA 'ASCOLON "EKASTON, 'EMPODIO$ GIGNETAI TOU*
MH KALW$ 'ASKEIN TA PERI= TON POLEMON "EKASTOU$. 'ESTW; THN
DE-DH DEUTERAN LEGE.
AQ _ MWN 'OU LEGEIN 'ALLA= DIATRIBEIN DOKW0 DI' 'APORIAN:
KL _ 'OU=K, 'ALLA= "OION MISWN DOKEI$ "HMIN KOLAZEIN TO
TOIOUTON 'HQO$ MALLON TOU* DEONTO$ TW*I PARAPEPTWKOTI LOGWI.
AQ _ KALLISTA, 'W* XENOI, 'EPEPLHXATE; KAI TO META TOUTO
'AKOUOIT' 'AN4, "W$ 'EOIKE0.
KL _ LEGE MONON.
AQ _ TA$ 'OU POLITEIA$ 'EGWGE 'AITIA$ 'EINAI FHMI "A$
<P 832C>
POLLAKI$ 'EIRHKA 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN LOGOI$, DHMOKRATIAN KAI
'OLIGARCIAN KAI TURANNIDA. TOUTWN GAR-DH POLITEIA MEN
'OUDEMIA, STASIWTEIAI DE PASAI LEGOINT' 'AN4 'ORQOTATA; "EKONTWN
GAR "EKOUSA 'OUDEMIA, 'ALL' 'AKONTWN "EKOUSA 'ARCEI0 SUN
'AEI TINI BIA\, FOBOUMENO$ DE 'ARCWN 'ARCOMENON 'OUTE KALON
'OUTE PLOUSION 'OUTE 'ISCURON 'OUT' 'ANDREION 'OUTE TO PARAPAN
POLEMIKON "EKWN 'EASEI2 GIGNESQAI POTE. TAUT' 'OUN 'ESTI TA
DUO PANTWN MEN SMIKROU DIAFERONTW$ 'AITIA, TOUTWN D'-'OUN
'ONTW$ DIAFEREI0. TO DE TH$ NU*N POLITEIA$, "HN NOMOQETOUMENOI
<P 832D>
LEGOMEN, 'EKPEFEUGEN0 'AMFO=TERA; SCOLHN TE-GAR 'AGEI0 POU
MEGISTHN, 'ELEUQEROI TE 'AP' 'ALLHLWN 'EISI, FILOCRHMATOI DE
"HKIST' 'AN4, 'OIMAI, GIGNOINT' 'AN4 'EK TOUTWN TWN NOMWN, "WST'
'EIKOTW$ "AMA KAI KATA LOGON "H TOIAUTH KATASTASI$ POLITEIA$
MONH DEXAIT' 'AN4 TWN NU*N THN DIAPERANQEISAN PAIDEIAN
TE "AMA KAI PAIDIAN POLEMIKHN, 'APOTELESQEISAN 'ORQW$ TW*I
LOGWI.
KL _ KALW$.
AQ _ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OU TOUTOI$ 'EFEXH$ 'ESTIN MNHSQHNAI POTE
<P 832E>
PERI= "APANTWN TWN 'AGWNWN TWN GUMNIKWN, "W$ "OSA MEN
'AUTWN PRO$ POLEMON 'ESTIN 'AGWNISMATA 'EPITHDEUTEON KAI
QETEON 'AQLA NIKHTH=RIA, "OSA DE MH, CAIREIN 'EATEON: "A D'
'ESTIN, 'EX 'ARCH$ 'AMEINON "RHQHNAI TE-KAI NOMOQETHQHNAI. KAI
PRWTON MEN TA PERI= DROMON KAI TACO$ "OLW$ 'A*R' 'OU QETEON:
KL _ QETEON.
AQ _ 'ESTI GOUN PANTWN POLEMIKWTATON "H SWMATO$
'OXUTH$ PANTW$, "H MEN 'APO TWN PODWN, "H DE-KAI 'APO TWN


<P 833A>
CEIRWN; FUGEIN MEN-KAI "ELEIN "H TWN PODWN, "H D' 'EN TAI$
SUMPLOKAI$ MACH KAI SUSTASI$ 'ISCUO$ KAI "RWMH$ DEOMENH.
KL _ TI= MHN:
AQ _ 'OU-MHN CWRI$ GE "OPLWN 'OUDETE=RA THN MEGISTHN
'ECEI0 CREIAN.
KL _ PW*$ GAR 'AN4:
AQ _ STADIODROMON DH PRWTON "O KHRUX "HMIN, KAQAPER
NU*N, 'EN TOI$ 'AGWSI PARAKALEI2, "O DE 'EISEISIN "OPLA 'ECWN;
YILWI DE 'AQLA 'OU QHSOMEN 'AGWNISTHI. PRWTO$ DE 'EISEISIN
"O TO STADION "AMILLHSOMENO$ SUN TOI$ "OPLOI$, DEUTERO$ DE
<P 833B>
"O TON DIAULON, KAI TRITO$ "O TON 'EFIPPION, KAI-DH-KAI TETARTO$
"O TON DOLICON, KAI PEMPTO$ DE "ON 'AFHSOMEN PRWTON
"WPLISMENON, "EXHKONTA MEN STADIWN MHKO$ PRO$ "IERON 'AREW$
TI KAI PALIN, BARUTERON, "OPLITHN 'EPONOMAZONTE$, LEIOTERA$
"ODOU DIAMILLWMENON, TON DE 'ALLON, TOXOTHN PASAN TOXIKHN
'ECONTA STOLHN, STADIWN DE "EKATON PRO$ 'APOLLWNO$ TE-KAI
'ARTEMIDO$ "IERON THN DI' 'ORWN TE-KAI PANTOIA$ CWRA$ "AMILLWMENON;
<P 833C>
KAI TIQENTE$ TON 'AGWNA MENOUMEN TOUTOU$, "EW$ 'AN4
'ELQWSI, KAI TW*I NIKWNTI TA NIKHTH=RIA DWSOMEN "EKASTWN.
KL _ 'ORQW$.
AQ _ TRITTA DH TAUTA 'AQLHMATA DIANOHQWMEN, "EN MEN
PAIDIKON, "EN DE 'AGENEIWN, "EN DE 'ANDRWN; KAI TOI$ MEN TWN
'AGENEIWN TA DUO TWN TRIWN TOU* MHKOU$ TOU* DROMOU QHSOMEN,
TOI$ DE PAISI TA TOUTWN "HMISEA, TOXOTAI$ TE-KAI "OPLITAI$
"AMILLWMENOI$, GUNAIXIN DE, KORAI$ MEN 'ANHBOI$ GUMNAI$
<P 833D>
STADION KAI DIAULON KAI 'EFIPPION KAI DOLICON, 'EN 'AUTWI TW*I
DROMWI "AMILLWMENAI$, TAI$ DE TRIAKAIDEKETESI MECRI GAMOU
MENOUSAI$ KOINWNIA$ MH MAKROTERON 'EIKOSI 'ETWN MHD' 'ELATTON
'OKTWKAIDEKA; PREPOUSHI DE STOLHI TAUTA$ 'ESTALMENA$ KATABATEON
'EPI THN "AMILLAN TOUTWN TWN DROMWN. KAI TA MEN
PERI= DROMOU$ 'ANDRASI TE-KAI GUNAIXI TAUTA 'ESTW; TA DE
KAT' 'ISCUN, 'ANTI MEN PALH$ KAI TWN TOIOUTWN, TA NU*N "OSA
<P 833E>
BAREA, THN 'EN TOI$ "OPLOI$ MACHN, "ENA TE PRO$ "ENA DIAMACOMENOU$
KAI DUO PRO$ DUO, KAI MECRI DEKA PRO$ DEKA DIAMILLWMENOU$
'ALLHLOI$. "A DE TON MH PAQONTA 'H= POIHSANTA DEI
NIKAN KAI 'EI$ "OPOSA, KAQAPER NU*N 'EN THI PALHI DIENOMOQETHSANTO
"OI PERI= THN PALHN 'AUTHN TI= TOU* KALW$ PALAIONTO$
'ERGON KAI MH KALW$, 'TAUTON DH-KAI TOU$ PERI= "OPLOMACIAN
'AKROU$ PARAKALOUNTA$0, CRH TOUTOU$ SUNNOMOQETEIN KELEUEIN
TI=$ NIKAN 'A=RA DIKAIO$ PERI= TAUTA$ 'AU TA$ MACA$, "OTI2 MH


<P 834A>
PAQWN 'H= DRASA$, KAI TON "HTTWMENON "WSAUTW$ "HTI$ DIAKRINEI0
TAXI$. 'TAUTA DE-KAI PERI= TWN QHLEIWN 'ESTW NOMOQETOUMENA
TWN MECRI GAMOU. PELTASTIKHN DE "OLHN 'ANTISTHSANTA$ DEI
THI TOU* PAGKRATIOU MACHI, TOXOI$ KAI PELTAI$ KAI 'AKONTIOI$
KAI LIQWI 'EK CEIRO$ TE-KAI SFENDONAI$ "AMILLWMENWN, DIAQEMENOU$
'AU PERI= TOUTWN NOMOU$, TW*I KALLISTA 'APODIDONTI TA
PERI= TAUTA NOMIMA TA GERA KAI TA$ NIKA$ DIANEMEIN0. TO DE
<P 834B>
META TAUTA "IPPWN DH PERI= 'AGWNO$ GIGNOITO "EXH$ 'AN4 NOMOQETOUMENA;
"IPPWN DE "HMIN CREIA MEN-'OUTE TI$ POLLWN 'OUTE
POLLH, KATA GE-DH KRHTHN, "WSTE 'ANAGKAION KAI TA$ SPOUDA$
'ELATTOU$ GIGNESQAI TA$ TE 'EN THI TROFHI KAI TA$ PERI= 'AGWNIAN
'AUTWN. "ARMATO$ MEN-'OUN-KAI TO PARAPAN 'OUTE TI$ TROFEU$
"HMIN 'ESTIN 'OUTE TI$ FILOTIMIA PRO$ TAUTA 'OUDENI GIGNOIT'
'AN4 LOGON 'ECOUSA, "WSTE TOUTOU MEN 'AGWNISTA$, 'OUK 'EPICWRION,
'ESTAI TIQENTA$ NOUN MHTE 'ECEIN MHTE DOKEIN KEKTHSQAI;
<P 834C>
MONIPPOI$ DE 'AQLA TIQENTE$, PWLOI$ TE 'ABOLOI$ KAI TELEIWN
TE-KAI 'ABOLWN TOI$ MESOI$ KAI 'AUTOI$ DH TOI$ TELO$ 'ECOUSI4,
KATA FUSIN TH$ CWRA$ 'AN4 THN "IPPIKHN PAIDIAN 'APODIDOIMEN.
'ESTW DH TOUTWN TE 'AUTWN KATA NOMON "AMILLA TE-KAI FILONIKIA,
FULARCOI$ TE-KAI "IPPARCOI$ DEDOMENH KOINH KRISI$
"APANTWN TWN TE DROMWN 'AUTWN KAI TWN KATABAINONTWN0 MEQ'
"OPLWN; YILOI$ DE "OPLWN 'OUT' 'EN TOI$ GUMNIKOI$ 'OUTE 'ENTAUQA
<P 834D>
TIQENTE$ 'AGWNIA$ 'ORQW$ 'AN4 NOMOQETOIMEN. TOXOTH$ DE 'AF'
"IPPWN KRH$ 'OUK 'ACRHSTO$, 'OUD' 'AKONTISTH$, "WSTE 'ESTW KAI
TOUTWN PAIDIA$ CARIN 'ERI$ TE-KAI 'AGWNIA. QHLEIA$ DE PERI=
TOUTWN NOMOI$ MEN-KAI 'EPITAXESIN 'OUK 'A=XIA BIAZESQAI TH$
KOINWNIA$; 'EA=N DE 'EX 'AUTWN TWN 'EMPROSQEN PAIDEUMATWN
'EI$ 'EQO$ 'IONTWN0 "H FUSI$ 'ENDECHTAI KAI MH DUSCERAINHI5 PAIDA$
'H= PARQENOU$ KOINWNEIN, 'EA*N KAI MH YEGEIN.
'AGWNIA DH NU*N 'HDH KAI MAQHSI$ GUMNASTIKH$, "OSA TE
<P 834E>
'EN 'AGWSIN KAI "OSA KAQ' "HMERAN 'EN7 DIDASKALWN 'EKPONOUMEQA,
PANTW$ 'HDH PERA$ 'ECEI0. KAI-DH-KAI MOUSIKH$ TA MEN
PLEISTA "WSAUTW$ DIAPEPERANTAI, TA DE "RAYWIDWN KAI TWN
TOUTOI$ "EPOMENWN, KAI "OSAI 'EN "EORTAI$ "AMILLAI CORWN 'ANAGKAIAI
GIGNESQAI, TACQENTWN5 TOI$ QEOI$ TE-KAI TOI$ META
QEWN MHNWN KAI "HMERWN KAI 'ENIAUTWN, KOSMHQHSONTAI TO=TE
'EI=TE TRIETHRIDE$ 'EI=TE 'AU KAI DIA= PEMPTWN 'ETWN, 'EI=Q' "OPHI KAI


<P 835A>
"OPW$ 'ENNOIAN DIDONTWN0 TWN QEWN TAXEW$ PE=RI DIANEMHQWSIN;
TO=TE KAI TOU$ MOUSIKH$ 'AGWNA$ CRH PROSDOKAN KATA MERO$
'AGWNIEISQAI TACQENTA$ "UPO TE 'AQLOQETWN KAI TOU* PAIDEUTOU
TWN NEWN KAI TWN NOMOFULAKWN, 'EI$ KOINON PERI= 'AUTWN
TOUTWN SUNELQONTWN3 KAI GENOMENWN NOMOQETWN 'AUTWN, TOU*
TE PO=TE KAI TI=NE$ KAI META TI=NWN TOU$ 'AGWNA$ POIHSONTAI
PERI= "APANTWN CORWN KAI COREIA$. "OI*A DE "EKASTA 'AUTWN
'EINAI DEI KATA LOGON KAI KAT' 'WIDA$ KAI KAQ' "ARMONIA$ "RUQMOI$
<P 835B>
KRAQEISA$ KAI 'ORCHSESI, POLLAKI$ 'EIRHTAI TW*I PRWTWI NOMOQETHI,
KAQ' "A TOU$ DEUTEROU$ DEI METADIWKONTA$ NOMOQETEIN,
KAI TOU$ 'AGWNA$ PREPONTW$ "EKASTOI$ QUMASIN 'EN CRONOI$
PROSHKOUSI4 NEIMANTA$, "EORTA$ 'APODOUNAI0 THI POLEI "EORTAZEIN.
TAUTA MEN-'OUN-KAI 'A=LLA TOIAUTA 'OUTE CALEPON GNWNAI0 TI=NA
TROPON CRH TAXEW$ 'ENNOMOU LAGCANEIN, 'OUD' 'AU METATIQEMENA
'ENQA 'H= 'ENQA MEGA THI POLEI KERDO$ 'H= ZHMIAN 'AN4 FEROI;
<P 835C>
"A DE MH SMIKRON DIAFEREI0, PEIQEIN TE CALEPON, QEOU MEN
MALISTA 'ERGON, 'EI PW$ "OION-TE-'H*N 'EPITAXEI$ 'AUTA$ PAR'
'EKEINOU GIGNESQAI, NU*N DE 'ANQRWPOU TOLMHROU KINDUNEUEI0
DEISQAI TINO$, "O$4 PARRHSIAN DIAFERONTW$ TIMWN 'EREI2 TA
DOKOUNTA 'ARIST' 'EINAI POLEI KAI POLITAI$, 'EN YUCAI$
DIEFQARMENAI$ TO PREPON KAI "EPOMENON PASHI THI POLITEIA\
TATTWN, 'ENANTIA LEGWN TAI$ MEGISTAISIN 'EPIQUMIAI$ KAI 'OUK
'ECWN BOHQON 'ANQRWPON 'OUDENA, LOGWI "EPOMENO$ MONWI MONO$.
<P 835D>
KL _ TI=N' 'AU NU*N, 'W* XENE, LOGON LEGOMEN: 'OU-GAR PW
MANQANOMEN.
AQ _ 'EIKOTW$ GE; 'ALLA=-DH PEIRASOMAI 'EGW FRAZEIN "UMIN
'ETI SAFESTERON. "W$ GAR 'EI$ PAIDEIAN 'HLQON TW*I LOGWI,
'EIDON NEOU$ TE-KAI NEA$ "OMILOUNTA$ FILOFRONW$ 'ALLHLOI$;
'EISHLQEN DH ME, "OION 'EIKO$, FOBHQHNAI, SUNNOHSANTA TI=
TI$ CRHSETAI THI TOIAUTHI POLEI 'EN "HI DH NEOI MEN NEAI TE
'EUTREFEI$ 'EISI, PONWN DE SFODRWN KAI 'ANELEUQERWN, "OI=4
<P 835E>
MALISTA "UBRIN SBENNUASIN, 'ARGOI, QUSIAI DE-KAI "EORTAI KAI
COROI PASIN MELOUSIN0 DIA= BIOU. TI=NA DH POTE TROPON 'EN
TAUTHI THI POLEI 'AFEXONTAI TWN POLLOU$ DH POLLA 'EPIQUMIWN
'EI$ 'ESCATA BALLOUSWN, "WN 'AN4 "O LOGO$ PROSTATTHI5 'APECESQAI,
NOMO$ 'EPICEIRWN GIGNESQAI: KAI TWN MEN POLLWN
'OU QAUMASTON 'EPIQUMIWN 'EI KRATOI TA PROSQEN NOMIMA TACQENTA %


<P 836A>
TO GAR MH PLOUTEIN TE 'EXEINAI "UPERBALLONTW$
'AGAQON PRO$ TO SWFRONEIN 'OU SMIKRON, KAI PASA "H PAIDEIA
METRIOU$ PRO$ TA TOIAUT' 'EILHFEN0 NOMOU$, KAI PRO$ TOUTOI$
"H TWN 'ARCONTWN0 'OYI$ DIHNAGKASMENH MH 'APOBLEPEIN 'ALLOSE,
THREIN D' 'AEI, TOU$ NEOU$ T' 'AUTOU$, PRO$ MEN TA$ 'ALLA$
'EPIQUMIA$, "OSA GE 'ANQRWPINA, METRON 'ECEI0 % TA DE-DH TWN
'ERWTWN PAIDWN TE 'ARRENWN KAI QHLEIWN KAI GUNAIKWN 'ANDRWN
<P 836B>
KAI 'ANDRWN GUNAIKWN "OQEN DH MURIA GEGONEN0 'ANQRWPOI$ 'IDIA\
KAI "OLAI$ POLESIN, PW*$ TI$ TOUTO DIEULABOIT' 'AN4, KAI TI=
TEMWN2 FARMAKON TOUTOI$ "EKASTOI$ TOU* TOIOUTOU KINDUNOU
DIAFUGHN "EURHSEI2: PANTW$ 'OU "RA\DION, 'W* KLEINIA. KAI-GAR-'OUN
PRO$ MEN 'A=LLA 'OUK 'OLIGA "H KRHTH TE "HMIN "OLH KAI "H
LAKEDAIMWN BOHQEIAN 'EPIEIKW$ 'OU SMIKRAN SUMBALLONTAI
TIQEISI NOMOU$ 'ALLOIOU$ TWN POLLWN TROPWN, PERI= DE TWN
'ERWTWN % 'AUTOI GAR 'ESMEN % 'ENANTIOUNTAI PANTAPASIN. 'EI
<P 836C>
GAR TI$ 'AKOLOUQWN THI FUSEI QHSEI2 TON PRO TOU* LAIOU
NOMON, LEGWN "W$ 'ORQW$ 'EICEN TO TWN 'ARRENWN KAI NEWN MH
KOINWNEIN KAQAPER QHLEIWN PRO$ MEIXIN 'AFRODISIWN, MARTURA
PARAGOMENO$ THN TWN QHRIWN FUSIN KAI DEIKNU$ PRO$
TA TOIAUTA 'OUC "APTOMENON 'ARRENA 'ARRENO$ DIA= TO MH FUSEI
TOUTO 'EINAI, TAC' 'AN4 CRWITO PIQANWI LOGWI, KAI TAI$ "UMETERAI$
POLESIN 'OUDAMW$ SUMFWNOI. PRO$ DE TOUTOI$, "O= DIA= PANTO$
<P 836D>
FAMEN DEIN TON NOMOQETHN THREIN, TOUTO 'EN TOUTOI$ 'OUC
"OMOLOGEI0. ZHTOUMEN GAR 'AEI DH TI= TWN TIQEMENWN PRO$
'ARETHN FEREI0 KAI TI= MH; FERE DH, TOUTO 'EA=N SUGCWRWMEN
KALON 'H= MHDAMW$ 'AISCRON NOMOQETEISQAI TA NU*N TI= MERO$
"HMIN SUMBALLOIT' 'AN4 PRO$ 'ARETHN: POTERON 'EN THI TOU*
PEISQENTO$ YUCHI GIGNOMENON 'EMFUSETAI TO TH$ 'ANDREIA$
'HQO$, 'H= 'EN THI TOU* PEISANTO$ TO TH$ SWFRONO$ 'IDEA$ GENO$:
'H= TAUTA MEN 'OUDEI$ 'AN4 PEISQEIH POTE, MALLON DE "APAN
TOUTOU 'TOUNANTION, TOU* MEN TAI$ "HDONAI$ "UPEIKONTO$ KAI
<P 836E>
KARTEREIN 'OU DUNAMENOU YEXEI2 PA$ THN MALAKIAN, TOU* D' 'EI$
MIMHSIN TOU* QHLEO$ 'IONTO$ THN TH$ 'EIKONO$ "OMOIOTHTA 'A*R'
'OU MEMYETAI: TI=$ 'OUN 'ANQRWPWN TOUTO 'ON TOIOUTON NOMOQETHSEI2:
SCEDON 'OUDEI$, 'ECWN GE 'EN TW*I NWI NOMON 'ALHQH.
PW*$ 'OUN FAMEN 'ALHQE$ TOUTO 'EINAI: THN TH$ FILIA$ TE-KAI


<P 837A>
'EPIQUMIA$ "AMA KAI TWN LEGOMENWN 'ERWTWN FUSIN 'IDEIN
'ANAGKAION, 'EI MELLEI0 TI$ TAUTA 'ORQW$ DIANOHQHSESQAI; DUO
GAR 'ONTA 'AUTA, KAI 'EX 'AMFOIN TRITON 'ALLO 'EIDO$, "EN 'ONOMA
PERILABON PASAN 'APORIAN KAI SKOTON 'APERGAZETAI.
KL _ PW*$:
AQ _ FILON MEN-POU KALOUMEN0 "OMOION "OMOIWI KAT' 'ARETHN
KAI 'ISON 'ISWI, FILON D' 'AU KAI TO DEOMENON TOU* PEPLOUTHKOTO$,
'ENANTION 'ON TW*I GENEI; "OTAN DE "EKATERON GIGNHTAI
SFODRON, 'ERWTA 'EPONOMAZOMEN.
<P 837B>
KL _ 'ORQW$.
AQ _ FILIA TOINUN "H MEN 'APO 'ENANTIWN DEINH KAI 'AGRI=A
KAI TO KOINON 'OU POLLAKI$ 'ECOUSA 'EN "HMIN, "H D' 'EK TWN
"OMOIWN "HMERO$ TE-KAI KOINH DIA= BIOU; MEIKTH DE 'EK TOUTWN
GENOMENH PRWTON MEN KATAMAQEIN 'OU "RA\DI=A, TI= POTE BOULOIT'
'AN4 "AUTWI GENESQAI TON TRITON 'ERWTA TI$ 'ECWN TOUTON, 'EPEITA
'EI$ 'TOUNANTION "UP' 'AMFOIN "ELKOMENO$ 'APOREI0, TOU* MEN KELEUONTO$
TH$ "WRA$ "APTESQAI, TOU* DE 'APAGOREUONTO$. "O MEN-GAR
<P 837C>
TOU* SWMATO$ 'ERWN, KAI TH$ "WRA$ KAQAPER 'OPWRA$
PEINWN, 'EMPLHSQHNAI PARAKELEUETAI "EAUTWI, TIMHN 'OUDEMIAN
'APONEMWN0 TW*I TH$ YUCH$ 'HQEI TOU* 'ERWMENOU; "O DE PARERGON
MEN THN TOU* SWMATO$ 'EPIQUMIAN 'ECWN, "ORWN DE MALLON 'H=
'ERWN, THI YUCHI DE 'ONTW$ TH$ YUCH$ 'EPITEQUMHKW$, "UBRIN
"H=GHTAI THN PERI= TO SWMA TOU* SWMATO$ PLHSMONHN, TO
SWFRON DE-KAI 'ANDREION KAI MEGALOPREPE$ KAI TO FRONIMON
'AIDOUMENO$ "AMA KAI SEBOMENO$, "AGNEUEIN 'AEI MEQ' "AGNEUONTO$
<P 837D>
TOU* 'ERWMENOU BOULOIT' 'AN4; "O DE MEICQEI$ 'EX 'AMFOIN TRITO$
'ERW$ "OUTO$ 'ESQ' "ON NU*N DIELHLUQAMEN "W$ TRITON. 'ONTWN0 DE
TOUTWN TOSOUTWN, POTERON "APANTA$ DEI KWLUEIN TON NOMON,
'APEIRGONTA MH GIGNESQAI 'EN "HMIN, 'H= DHLON "OTI4 TON MEN
'ARETH$ 'ONTA KAI TON NEON 'EPIQUMOUNTA "W$ 'ARISTON GIGNESQAI
BOULOIMEQ' 'AN4 "HMIN 'EN THI POLEI 'ENEINAI, TOU$ DE DUO,
'EI DUNATON 'EIH, KWLUOIMEN 'AN4: 'H= PW*$ LEGOMEN, 'W* FILE
MEGILLE:
ME _ PANTHI TOI KALW$, 'W* XENE, PERI= 'AUTWN TOUTWN
<P 837E>
'EIRHKA$ TA NU*N.
AQ _ 'EOIKA GE, "OPER KAI 'ETOPAZON, TUCEIN TH$ SH$, 'W*
FILE, SUNWIDIA$; TON DE NOMON "UMWN, "OTI2 NOEI0 PERI= TA TOIAUTA,
'OUDEN ME 'EXETAZEIN DEI, DECESQAI DE THN TW*I LOGWI SUGCWRHSIN.
KLEINIA\ DE META TAUTA KAI 'EI$ 'AUQI$ PERI= 'AUTWN
TOUTWN PEIRASOMAI 'EPA\DWN PEIQEIN. TO DE MOI DEDOMENON
"UPO SFWIN 'ITW, KAI DIEXELQWMEN PANTW$ TOU$ NOMOU$.
ME _ 'ORQOTATA LEGEI$.
AQ _ TECNHN DH TIN' 'AU TOUTOU TOU* NOMOU TH$ QESEW$


<P 838A>
'EN TW*I NU*N PARONTI THN MEN "RA\DIAN 'ECW0, THN D' 'AU TINA
TROPON PANTAPASIN "W$ "OION-TE CALEPWTATHN.
ME _ PW*$ DH LEGEI$:
AQ _ 'ISMEN POU-KAI TA NU*N TOU$ PLEISTOU$ TWN 'ANQRWPWN,
KAIPER PARANOMOU$ 'ONTA$, "W$ 'EU TE-KAI 'AKRIBW$ 'EIRGONTAI
TH$ TWN KALWN SUNOUSIA$ 'OUK 'AKONTE$, "W$ "OION-TE
DE MALISTA "EKONTE$.
ME _ PO=TE LEGEI$:
AQ _ "OTAN 'ADELFO$ 'H= 'ADELFH TWI GENWNTAI KALOI. KAI
<P 838B>
PERI= "UEO$ 'H= QUGATRO$ "O 'AUTO$ NOMO$ 'AGRAFO$ 'WN "W$ "OION-TE
"IKANWTATA FULATTEI0 MHTE FANERW$ MHTE LAQRA\ SUGKAQEUDONTA
'H= PW$ 'ALLW$ 'ASPAZOMENON "APTESQAI TOUTWN; 'ALL'-'OUD'
'EPIQUMIA TAUTH$ TH$ SUNOUSIA$ TO PARAPAN 'EISERCETAI
TOU$ POLLOU$.
ME _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
AQ _ 'OUKOU*N SMIKRON "RHMA KATASBENNUSI0 PASA$ TA$
TOIAUTA$ "HDONA$:
ME _ TO POI*ON DH LEGEI$:
AQ _ TO TAUTA 'EINAI FANAI MHDAMW$ "O=SIA, QEOMISH DE-KAI
<P 838C>
'AISCRWN 'AISCISTA. TO D' 'AITION 'A*R' 'OU TOUT' 'ESTI, TO
MHDENA 'ALLW$ LEGEIN 'AUTA, 'ALL' 'EUQU$ GENOMENON "HMWN
"EKASTON 'AKOUEIN TE LEGONTWN0 'AEI KAI PANTACOU TAUTA, 'EN
GELOIOI$ TE "AMA 'EN PASHI TE SPOUDHI TRAGIKHI LEGOMENHI POLLAKI$,
"OTAN 'H= QUESTA$ 'H= TINA$ 'OIDIPODA$ 'EISAGWSIN, 'H=
MAKAREA$ TINA$ 'ADELFAI$ MEICQENTA$ LAQRAIW$, 'OFQENTA$
DE "ETOIMW$ QANATON "AUTOI$ 'EPITIQENTA$ DIKHN TH$ "AMARTIA$:
ME _ 'ORQOTATA LEGEI$ TO GE TOSOUTON, "OTI4 TO TH$ FHMH$
<P 838D>
QAUMASTHN TINA DUNAMIN 'EILHCEN0, "OTAN MHDEI$ MHDAMW$
'ALLW$ 'ANAPNEIN 'EPICEIRHSHI6 POTE PARA TON NOMON.
AQ _ 'OUKOU*N 'ORQON TO NUNDH "RHQEN, "OTI4 NOMOQETHI, BOULOMENWI
TINA 'EPIQUMIAN DOULWSASQAI TWN DIAFERONTW$ TOU$
'ANQRWPOU$ DOULOUMENWN, "RA\DION GNWNAI0 GE "ONTINA TROPON
CEIRWSAITO 'AN4; "OTI4 KAQIERWSA$ TAUTHN THN FHMHN PARA PASI,
DOULOI$ TE-KAI 'ELEUQEROI$ KAI PAISI KAI GUNAIXI KAI "OLHI
THI POLEI KATA TA 'AUTA, "OUTW TO BEBAIOTATON 'APEIRGASMENO$-'ESTAI
<P 838E>
PERI= TOUTON TON NOMON.
ME _ PANU MEN-'OUN; "OPW$ DE 'AU TO TOIOUTON 'EQELONTA$
LEGEIN PANTA$ DUNATON 'ESTAI POTE PARASCEIN
AQ _ KALW$ "UPELABE$; 'AUTO GAR TOUTO 'H*N TO PAR' 'EMOU4
LECQEN, "OTI4 TECNHN 'EGW PRO$ TOUTON TON NOMON 'ECOIMI TOU*
KATA FUSIN CRHSQAI THI TH$ PAIDOGONIA$ SUNOUSIA\, TOU* MEN
'ARRENO$ 'APECOMENOU$, MH KTEINONTA$ TE 'EK PRONOIA$ TO TWN
'ANQRWPWN GENO$, MHD' 'EI$ PETRA$ TE-KAI LIQOU$ SPEIRONTA$,


<P 839A>
"OU4 MHPOTE FUSIN THN "AUTOU "RIZWQEN LHYETAI GONIMON, 'APECOMENOU$
DE 'AROURA$ QHLEIA$ PASH$ 'EN "HI MH BOULOIO 'AN4
SOI4 FUESQAI TO SPAREN. "O DH NOMO$ "OUTO$ DIHNEKH$ MEN
GENOMENO$ "AMA KAI KRATHSA$, KAQAPER NU*N PERI= TA$ TWN
GONEWN SUMMEIXEI$ KRATEI0, 'EA=N KAI PERI= TA$ 'ALLA$ NIKHSHI6
DIKAIW$, MURIA 'AGAQA 'ECEI0. KATA FUSIN MEN-GAR PRWTON
KEITAI, LUTTH$ DE 'ERWTIKH$ KAI MANIA$ KAI MOICEIWN PASWN
KAI PWMATWN KAI SITWN 'EIRGESQAI POIEI0 TWN 'AMETRWN
<P 839B>
PANTWN, GUNAIXI TE "AUTWN 'OIKEIOU$ 'EINAI FILOU$; 'A=LLA
TE PAMPOLLA 'AGAQA GIGNOIT' 'AN4, 'EI TOU* NOMOU TI$ TOUTOU
DUNAITO 'EGKRATH$ 'EINAI. TACA D' 'AN4 "HMIN TI$ PARASTA$
'ANHR SFODRO$ KAI NEO$, POLLOU SPERMATO$ MESTO$, 'AKOUWN
TIQEMENOU TOU* NOMOU LOIDORHSEIEN 'AN4 "W$ 'ANOHTA KAI 'ADUNATA
TIQENTWN0 NOMIMA, KAI BOH$ PANTA 'EMPLHSEIE; PRO$ "A DH-KAI
BLEYA$ 'EGW TOUTO 'EIPON TO "RHMA, "W$ TINA TECNHN KEKTHIMHN,
<P 839C>
THI MEN "RA\STHN "APASWN, THI DE CALEPWTATHN, PRO$ TO
TOUTON TEQENTA 'EMMEINAI0 TON NOMON. NOHSAI0 MEN-GAR-DH
"RA*ISTON "W$ DUNATON TE 'ESTIN KAI "OPHI % FAMEN GAR-DH KAQIERWQEN
TOUTO "IKANW$ TO NOMIMON PASAN YUCHN DOULWSESQAI
KAI PANTAPASIN META FOBOU POIHSEIN PEIQESQAI TOI$ TEQEISIN
NOMOI$ % 'ALLA=-GAR 'EI$ TOUTO PROBEBHKE0 NU*N "WST' 'OUD' 'AN4
TO=TE GENESQAI DOKEI0, KAQAPER TO TWN SUSSITIWN 'EPITHDEUMA
'APISTEITAI MH DUNATON 'EINAI DUNASQAI DIA= BIOU POLIN "OLHN
<P 839D>
ZHN PRATTOUSAN TOUTO, 'ELEGCQEN D' 'ERGWI KAI GENOMENON
PAR' "UMIN, "OMW$ 'ETI TO GE GUNAIKWN 'OUDE 'EN TAI$ "UMETERAI$
POLESIN DOKEI0 FUSIN 'ECEIN GIGNESQAI. TAUTHI D' 'AU, DIA= THN
TH$ 'APISTIA$ "RWMHN, 'EIRHKA 'AMFO=TERA TAUTA 'EINAI PAGCALEPA
MEINAI0 KATA NOMON.
ME _ 'ORQW$ GE SU LEGWN.
AQ _ "W$ D'-'OUN 'OUK 'ESTIN "UPER 'ANQRWPON, "OION-TE DE
GENESQAI, BOULESQE0 "UMIN PEIRAQW TINA LOGON 'ECOMENON
PIQANOTHTO$ 'EIPEIN TINO$:
KL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
<P 839E>
AQ _ POTERON 'OUN TI$ 'AFRODISIWN "RA*ION 'AN4 'APECOITO,
KAI TO TACQEN 'EQELOI PERI= 'AUTA METRIW$ POIEIN, 'EU TO SWMA
'ECWN KAI MH 'IDIWTIKW$, 'H= FAULW$:
KL _ POLU POU MALLON MH 'IDIWTIKW$.
AQ _ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OUK 'ISMEN TON TARANTINON 'IKKON 'AKOHI


<P 840A>
DIA= TON 'OLUMPIASI TE 'AGWNA KAI TOU$ GE 'ALLOU$: "WN DIA=
FILONIKIAN, KAI TECNHN KAI TO META TOU* SWFRONEIN 'ANDREION
'EN THI YUCHI KEKTHMENO$, "W$ LOGO$, 'OUTE TINO$ PWPOTE GUNAIKO$
"HYATO 'OUD' 'AU PAIDO$ 'EN "OLHI THI TH$ 'ASKHSEW$ 'AKMHI;
KAI-DH-KAI KRISWNA KAI 'ASTULON KAI DIOPOMPON KAI 'ALLOU$
PAMPOLLOU$ "O 'AUTO$ POU LOGO$ 'ECEI0. KAITOI TWN G' 'EMWN KAI
SWN POLITWN, 'W* KLEINIA, POLU KAKION 'HSAN-PEPAIDEUMENOI
<P 840B>
TA$ YUCA$, TA DE SWMATA POLU MALLON SFRIGWNTE$.
KL _ 'ALHQH TAUTA LEGEI$ "OTI4 SFO=DRA "UPO TWN PALAIWN
'ESTIN-'EIRHMENA PERI= TOUTWN TWN 'AQLHTWN "W$ 'ONTW$
POTE GENOMENA.
AQ _ TI= 'OUN: "OI MEN-'A=RA NIKH$ "ENEKA PALH$ KAI DROMWN
KAI TWN TOIOUTWN 'ETOLMHSAN 'APECESQAI LEGOMENOU PRAGMATO$
"UPO TWN POLLWN 'EUDAIMONO$, "OI DE "HMETEROI PAIDE$
'ADUNATHSOUSI2 KARTEREIN POLU KALLIONO$ "ENEKA NIKH$, "HN
<P 840C>
"HMEI$ KALLISTHN 'EK PAIDWN PRO$ 'AUTOU$ LEGONTE$ 'EN MUQOI$
TE-KAI 'EN "RHMASIN KAI 'EN MELESIN 'A\DONTE$, "W$ 'EIKO$,
KHLHSOMEN:
KL _ POI=A$:
AQ _ TH$ TWN "HDONWN NIKH$ 'EGKRATEI$ 'ONTA$ 'AN4 ZHN
'EUDAIMONW$, "HTTWMENOU$ DE 'TOUNANTION "APAN. PRO$ DE TOUTOI$
'ETI FOBO$ "O TOU* MHDAMHI MHDAMW$ "OSION 'AUTO 'EINAI
DUNAMIN "HMIN 'OUK 'A=RA "EXEI2 KRATEIN "WN 'ALLOI KEKRATHKASI
TOUTWN 'ONTE$ CEIRONE$:
KL _ 'EIKO$ GOUN.
AQ _ 'EPEIDH TOINUN 'ENTAUQA 'ESMEN TOUTOU TOU* NOMIMOU
<P 840D>
PE=RI DIA= KA=KHN DE THN TWN POLLWN 'EI$ 'APORIAN 'EPESOMEN,
FHMI TO MEN "HMETERON NOMIMON 'ATECNW$ DEIN PERI= 'AUTWN
TOUTWN POREUESQAI LEGON "W$ 'OU DEI CEIROU$ "HMIN 'EINAI TOU$
POLITA$ 'ORNIQWN KAI 'ALLWN QHRIWN POLLWN, "OI=4 KATA MEGALA$
'AGELA$ GENNHQENTE$, MECRI MEN PAIDOGONIA$ 'HIQEOI KAI 'AKHRATOI
GAMWN TE "AGNOI ZWSIN0, "OTAN D' 'EI$ TOUTO "HLIKIA$
'ELQWSI, SUNDUASQENTE$ 'ARRHN QHLEIA\ KATA CARIN KAI QHLEIA
'ARRENI, TON LOIPON CRONON "OSIW$ KAI DIKAIW$ ZWSIN0, 'EMMENONTE$
<P 840E>
BEBAIW$ TAI$ PRWTAI$ TH$ FILIA$ "OMOLOGIAI$; DEIN
DH QHRIWN GE 'AUTOU$ 'AMEINOU$ 'EINAI. 'EA=N D'-'OUN "UPO TWN
'ALLWN "ELLHNWN KAI BARBARWN TWN PLEISTWN DIAFQEIRWNTAI,
THN LEGOMENHN 'ATAKTON 'AFRODITHN 'EN 'AUTOI$ "ORWNTE$
TE-KAI 'AKOUONTE$ MEGISTON DUNAMENHN, KAI "OUTW DH MH
DUNATOI GIGNWNTAI KATAKRATEIN, DEUTERON NOMON 'EP' 'AUTOI$
MHCANASQAI CRH TOU$ NOMOFULAKA$ NOMOQETA$ GENOMENOU$.


<P 841A>
KL _ TI=NA DH SUMBOULEUEI$ 'AUTOI$ TIQESQAI NOMON, 'EA=N
"O NU*N TIQEMENO$ 'AUTOU$ 'EKFUGHI6:
AQ _ DHLON "OTI4 TON 'ECOMENON TOUTOU DEUTERON, 'W*
KLEINIA.
KL _ TI=NA LEGEI$:
AQ _ 'AGUMNASTON "OTI2 MALISTA POIEIN THN TWN "HDONWN
"RWMHN 'H*N, THN 'EPICUSIN KAI TROFHN 'AUTH$ DIA= PONWN 'ALLOSE
TREPONTA TOU* SWMATO$. 'EIH D' 'AN4 TOUTO, 'EI 'ANAIDEIA MH
'ENEIH THI TWN 'AFRODISIWN CRHSEI; SPANIWI GAR 'AU TW*I TOIOUTWI
<P 841B>
DI' 'AISCUNHN CRWMENOI, 'ASQENESTERAN 'AN4 'AUTHN DESPOINAN
KTWINTO 'OLIGAKI$ CRWMENOI. TO DH LANQANEIN TOUTWN DRWNTA
TI KALON PAR' 'AUTOI$ 'ESTW, NOMIMON 'EQEI KAI 'AGRAFWI NOMISQEN
NOMWI, TO DE MH LANQANEIN 'AISCRON, 'ALL' 'OU TO MH
PANTW$ DRAN. "OUTW TOUTO 'AISCRON 'AU KAI KALON DEUTERW$
'AN4 "HMIN 'EN NOMWI GENOMENON KEOITO, 'ORQOTHTA 'ECON DEUTERAN,
KAI TOU$ TA$ FUSEI$ DIEFQARMENOU$, "OU$ "HTTOU$ "AUTWN PROSAGOREUOMEN,
<P 841C>
"EN GENO$ 'ON, PERILABONTA TRIA GENH BIAZOIT'
'AN4 MH PARANOMEIN.
KL _ POI*A DH:
AQ _ TO TE QEOSEBE$ "AMA KAI FILOTIMON KAI TO MH TWN
SWMATWN 'ALLA= TWN TROPWN TH$ YUCH$ 'ONTWN0 KALWN GEGONO$
'EN 'EPIQUMIA\. TAUTA DH KAQAPER 'ISW$ 'EN MUQWI TA NU*N
LEGOMEN' 'ESTIN 'EUCAI, POLU GE-MHN 'ARISTA, 'EIPER GIGNOITO,
'EN PASAI$ POLESI GIGNOITO 'AN4. TACA D' 'AN4, 'EI QEO$ 'EQELOI,
<P 841D>
'KAN4 DUOIN QATERA BIASAIMEQA PERI= 'ERWTIKWN, 'H= MHDENA
TOLMAN MHDENO$ "APTESQAI TWN GENNAIWN "AMA KAI 'ELEUQERWN
PLHN GAMETH$ "EAUTOU GUNAIKO$, 'AQUTA DE PALLAKWN SPERMATA
KAI NOQA MH SPEIREIN, MHDE 'AGONA 'ARRENWN PARA
FUSIN; 'H= TO MEN TWN 'ARRENWN PAMPAN 'AFELOIMEQ' 'AN4, TO
DE GUNAIKWN, 'EI TI$ SUGGIGNOITO TINI PLHN TAI$ META QEWN
KAI "IERWN GAMWN 'ELQOUSAI$ 'EI$ THN 'OIKIAN, 'WNHTAI$ 'EI=TE
<P 841E>
'ALLWI "OTWIOUN TROPWI KTHTAI$, MH LANQANWN 'ANDRA$ TE-KAI
GUNAIKA$ PASA$, TAC' 'AN4 'ATIMON 'AUTON TWN 'EN THI POLEI
'EPAINWN NOMOQETOUNTE$ 'ORQW$ 'AN4 DOXAIMEN NOMOQETEIN,
"W$ 'ONTW$ 'ONTA XENIKON. "OUTO$ DH NOMO$, 'EI=TE "EI$ 'EI=TE
DUO 'AUTOU$ CRH PROSAGOREUEIN, KEISQW PERI= 'AFRODISIWN


<P 842A>
KAI "APANTWN TWN 'ERWTIKWN, "OSA PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ DIA= TA$
TOIAUTA$ 'EPIQUMIA$ "OMILOUNTE$ 'ORQW$ TE-KAI 'OUK 'ORQW$
PRATTOMEN.
ME _ KAI-TOINUN, 'W* XENE, 'EGW MEN SOI4 SFO=DRA DECOIMHN
'AN4 TOUTON TON NOMON, "O DE-DH KLEINIA$ 'AUTO$ FRAZETW TI=
POTE PERI= 'AUTWN DIANOEITAI.
KL _ 'ESTAI TAUTA, 'W* MEGILLE, "OPOTAN GE-DH MOI DOXHI6
TI$ PARAPEPTWKENAI KAIRO$; NU*N MHN 'EWMEN2 TON XENON 'ETI
'EI$ TO PROSQEN PROIENAI TWN NOMWN.
ME _ 'ORQW$.
<P 842B>
AQ _ 'ALLA=-MHN NU*N GE PROIONTE$ 'HDH SCEDON 'ESMEN
'EN TW*I KATESKEUASQAI MEN SUSSITIA % "O= FAMEN 'ALLOQI MEN
'AN4 CALEPON 'EINAI, 'EN KRHTHI DE 'OUDEI$ 'ALLW$ 'AN4 "UPOLABOI
DEIN GIGNESQAI % TO DE TI=NA TROPON, POTERON "W$ 'ENQADE 'H=
KAQAPER 'EN LAKEDAIMONI, 'H= PARA TAUTA 'ESTIN TI TRITON 'EIDO$
SUSSITIWN 'AMFOIN TOUTOIN 'AMEINON 'AN4 'ECON, TOUTO 'OUT' 'EXEUREIN
MOI CALEPON 'EINAI DOKEI0, MEGA TE 'AGAQON "EUREQEN 'OUDEN
'APERGASESQAI; KAI-GAR NU*N 'EMMELW$ 'ECEIN KATESKEUASMENA.
<P 842C>
TOUTOI$ D' 'ESTIN 'AKOLOUQON "H TOU* BIOU KATASKEUH, TI=N'
'AUTOI$ 'AN4 TROPON "EPOITO. BIO$ DH 'ALLAI$ MEN POLESIN
PANTODAPW$ 'AN4 KAI POLLACOQEN 'EIH, MALISTA DE 'EK DIPLASIWN
'H= TOUTOI$; 'EK GH$ GAR-KAI 'EK QALATTH$ TOI$ PLEISTOI$
TWN "ELLHNWN 'ESTI-KATESKEUASMENA TA PERI= THN TROFHN,
TOUTOI$ DE MONON 'EK GH$. TW*I MEN-'OUN NOMOQETHI TOUTO "RA*ION;
<P 842D>
'OU-GAR MONON "HMISEI$ 'AU GIGNONTAI NOMOI METRIOI, POLU D'
'ELATTOU$, 'ETI D' 'ELEUQEROI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ MALLON PREPONTE$.
NAUKLHRIKWN MEN-GAR-KAI 'EMPORIKWN KAI KAPHLEUTIKWN KAI
PANDOKEUSEWN KAI TELWNIKWN KAI METALLEIWN KAI DANEISMWN
KAI 'EPITOKWN TOKWN KAI 'ALLWN MURIWN TOIOUTWN TA POLLA
'APHLLAKTAI, CAIREIN 'AUTOI$ 'EIPWN, "O PERI= TAUTHN THN POLIN
NOMOQETH$, GEWRGOI$ DE-KAI NOMEUSI KAI MELITTOURGOI$ KAI
TOI$ PERI= TA TOIAUTA FULAKTHRIOI$ TE-KAI 'EPISTATAI$ 'ORGANWN
<P 842E>
NOMOQETHSEI2 TA MEGISTA 'HDH NENOMOQETHKW$ PERI= GAMOU$
"AMA KAI GENESEI$ PAIDWN KAI TROFA$, 'ETI DE-KAI PAIDEIA$
'ARCWN TE KATASTASEI$ 'EN THI POLEI; NU*N D' 'EPI TOU$ THN
TROFHN KAI "OSOI PERI= 'AUTHN TAUTHN SUNDIAPONOUSIN0 'ANAGKAION
NOMOQETOUNTA 'ESTIN TREPESQAI.
PRWTON DH NOMOI 'ESTWSAN LEGOMENOI 'TOUNOMA GEWRGIKOI.
DIO$ "ORIOU MEN PRWTO$ NOMO$ "ODE 'EIRHSQW; MH KINEITW GH$
"ORIA MHDEI$ MHTE 'OIKEIOU POLITOU GEITONO$, MHTE "OMOTERMONO$
'EP' 'ESCATIA$ KEKTHMENO$ 'ALLWI XENWI GEITONWN, NOMISA$ TO


<P 843A>
'TAKINHTA KINEIN 'ALHQW$ TOUTO 'EINAI; BOULESQW DE PA$ PETRON
'EPICEIRHSAI0 KINEIN TON MEGISTON 'ALLON PLHN "ORON
MALLON 'H= SMIKRON LIQON "ORIZONTA FILIAN TE-KAI 'E=CQRAN
'ENORKON PARA QEWN. TOU* MEN-GAR "OMOFULO$ ZEU$ MARTU$,
TOU* DE XENIO$, "OI=4 META POLEMWN TWN 'ECQISTWN 'EGEIRONTAI.
KAI "O MEN PEISQEI$ TW*I NOMWI 'ANAISQHTO$ TWN 'AP' 'AUTOU4
KAKWN GIGNOIT' 'AN4, KATAFRONHSA$ DE DITTAI$ DIKAI$ 'ENOCO$
'ESTW, MIA*I MEN PARA QEWN KAI PRWTHI, DEUTERA\ DE "UPO NOMOU.
<P 843B>
MHDEI$ GAR "EKWN KINEITW GH$ "ORIA GEITONWN; "O$4 D' 'AN4 KINHSHI6,
MHNUETW MEN "O BOULOMENO$ TOI$ GEWRGOI$, "OI DE 'EI$ TO
DIKASTHRION 'AGONTWN2. 'H=N DE TI$ 'OFLHI6 THN TOIAUTHN DIKHN,
"W$ 'ANADASTON GHN LAQRA\ KAI BIA\ POIOUNTO$ TOU* 'OFLONTO$,
TIMATW TO DIKASTHRION "OTI2 'AN4 DEHI5 PASCEIN 'H= 'APOTINEIN TON
"HTTHQENTA.
TO DE META TOUTO BLABAI POLLAI KAI SMIKRAI GEITONWN
GIGNOMENAI, DIA= TO QAMIZEIN 'ECQRA$ 'OGKON MEGAN 'ENTIKTOUSAI,
<P 843C>
CALEPHN KAI SFO=DRA PIKRAN GEITONIAN 'APERGAZONTAI. DIO
CRH PANTW$ 'EULABEISQAI GEITONA GEITONI MHDEN POIEIN DIAFORON,
TWN TE 'ALLWN PE=RI KAI-DH-KAI 'EPERGASIA$ SUMPASH$
SFO=DR' 'AEI DIEULABOUMENON; TO MEN-GAR BLAPTEIN 'OUDEN
CALEPON 'ALL' 'ANQRWPOU PANTO$, TO D' 'EPWFELEIN 'OUDAMHI
"APANTO$. "O$4 D' 'AN4 'EPERGAZHTAI TA TOU* GEITONO$ "UPERBAINWN
TOU$ "OROU$, TO MEN BLABO$ 'APOTINETW, TH$ DE 'ANAIDEIA$ "AMA
<P 843D>
KAI 'ANELEUQERIA$ "ENEKA 'IATREUOMENO$ DIPLASION TOU* BLABOU$
'ALLO 'EKTEISATW TW*I BLAFQENTI; TOUTWN DE-KAI "APANTWN TWN
TOIOUTWN 'EPIGNWMONE$ TE-KAI DIKASTAI KAI TIMHTAI GIGNESQWN
'AGRONOMOI, TWN MEN MEIZONWN, KAQAPER 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN
'EIRHTAI, PASA "H TOU* DWDEKATHMORIOU TAXI$, TWN 'ELATTONWN
DE "OI FROURARCOI TOUTWN. KAI 'EA=N TI$ BOSKHMATA 'EPINEMHI5,
TA$ BLABA$ "ORWNTE$ KRINONTWN2 KAI TIMWNTWN2. KAI 'EA=N 'ESMOU$
'ALLOTRIOU$ SFETERIZHI5 TI$ THI TWN MELITTWN "HDONHI SUNEPOMENO$
<P 843E>
KAI KATAKROUWN "OUTW$ 'OIKEIWTAI, TINETW THN BLABHN.
KAI 'EA=N PUREUWN THN "ULHN MH DIEULABHQHI TWN TOU* GEITONO$,
THN DOXASAN ZHMIAN TOI$ 'ARCOUSI4 ZHMIOUSQW. KAI 'EA=N FUTEUWN
MH 'APOLEIPHI5 TO METRON TWN TOU* GEITONO$ CWRIWN,
KAQAPER 'EIRHTAI KAI POLLOI$ NOMOQETAI$ "IKANW$, "WN TOI$
NOMOI$ CRH PROSCRHSQAI KAI MH PANTA 'AXIOUN0, POLLA KAI
SMIKRA KAI TOU* 'EPITUCONTO$ NOMOQETOU GIGNOMENA, TON MEIZW


<P 844A>
POLEW$ KOSMHTHN NOMOQETEIN; 'EPEI KAI TWN "UDATWN PE=RI
GEWRGOISI PALAIOI KAI KALOI NOMOI KEIMENOI 'OUK 'AXIOI PAROCETEUEIN
LOGOI$, 'ALL' "O BOULHQEI$ 'EPI TON "AUTOU TOPON
'AGEIN "UDWR 'AGETW MEN 'ARCOMENO$ 'EK TWN KOINWN NAMATWN,
MH "UPOTEMNWN PHGA$ FANERA$ 'IDIWTOU MHDENO$, "HI D' 'AN4
BOULHTAI 'AGEIN, PLHN DI' 'OIKIA$ 'H= "IERWN TINWN 'H=-KAI MNHMATWN,
'AGETW, MH BLAPTWN PLHN 'AUTH$ TH$ 'OCETAGWGIA$.
<P 844B>
'AUDRIA DE 'EI TISI TOPOI$ SUMFUTO$ 'EK GH$ TA 'EK DIO$ 'IONTA
'APOSTEGEI0 NAMATA, KAI 'ELLEIPEI0 TWN 'ANAGKAIWN PWMATWN,
'ORUTTETW MEN 'EN TW*I "AUTOU CWRIWI MECRI TH$ KERAMIDO$ GH$,
'EA=N D' 'EN TOUTWI TW*I BAQEI MHDAMW$ "UDATI PROSTUGCANHI5,
PARA TWN GEITONWN "UDREUESQW MECRI TOU* 'ANAGKAIOU PWMATO$
"EKASTOI$ TWN 'OIKETWN; 'EA=N DE DI' 'AKRIBEIA$ 'HI KAI TOI$ GEITOSI,
TAXIN TH$ "UDREIA$ TAXAMENO$ PARA TOI$ 'AGRONOMOI$,
TAUTHN "HMERA$ "EKASTH$ KOMIZOMENO$, "OUTW KOINWNEITW TOI$
<P 844C>
GEITOSIN "UDATO$. 'EA=N DE 'EK DIO$ "UDATA GIGNOMENA, TON
'EPANW GEWRGOUNTA 'H=-KAI "OMOTOICON 'OIKOUNTA TWN "UPOKATW
BLAPTHI5 TI$ MH DIDOU$ 'EKROHN, 'H= 'TOUNANTION "O 'EPANW MEQIEI=$
'EIKHI TA "REUMATA BLAPTHI5 TON KATW, KAI PERI= TAUTA MH
'EQELWSIN DIA= TAUTA KOINWNEIN 'ALLHLOI$, 'EN 'ASTEI MEN 'ASTUNOMON,
'EN 'AGRWI DE 'AGRONOMON 'EPAGWN "O BOULOMENO$ TAXASQW
TI= CRH POIEIN "EKATERON; "O DE MH 'EMMENWN0 'EN THI TAXEI FQONOU
<P 844D>
Q' "AMA KAI DUSKOLOU YUCH$ "UPECETW DIKHN, KAI 'OFLWN
DIPLASION TO BLABO$ 'APOTINETW TW*I BLAFQENTI, MH 'EQELHSA$
TOI$ 'ARCOUSIN4 PEIQESQAI.
'OPWRA$ DE-DH CRH KOINWNIAN POIEISQAI PANTA$ TOIANDE
TINA. DITTA$ "HMIN DWREA$ "H QEO$ 'ECEI0 CARITO$ "AU=TH, THN
MEN PAIDIAN DIONUSIADA 'AQHSAURISTON, THN D' 'EI$ 'APOQESIN
GENOMENHN KATA FUSIN. 'ESTW DH PERI= 'OPWRA$ "ODE NOMO$
TACQEI$; "O$4 'AN4 'AGROIKOU 'OPWRA$ GEUSHTAI, BOTRUWN 'EI=TE-KAI
<P 844E>
SUKWN, PRIN 'ELQEIN THN "WRAN THN TOU* TRUGAN 'ARKTOURWI
SUNDROMON, 'EI=T' 'EN TOI$ "AUTOU CWRIOI$ 'EI=TE-KAI 'EN 'ALLWN,
"IERA$ MEN PENTHKONTA 'OFEILETW TW*I DIONUSWI DRACMA$, 'EA=N
'EK TWN "EAUTOU DREPHI5, 'EA=N D' 'EK TWN GEITONWN, MNAN, 'EA=N D'
'EX 'ALLWN, DUO MERH TH$ MNA$. "O$4 D' 'AN4 THN GENNAIAN NU*N
LEGOMENHN STAFULHN 'H= TA GENNAI*A SUKA 'EPONOMAZOMENA
'OPWRIZEIN BOULHTAI, 'EA=N MEN 'EK TWN 'OIKEIWN LAMBANHI5, "OPW$
'AN4 'EQELHI5 KAI "OPOTAN BOULHTAI KARPOUSQW, 'EA=N D' 'EX 'ALLWN
MH PEISA$, "EPOMENW$ TW*I NOMWI TW*I MH KINEIN "OTI2 MH KATEQETO,


<P 845A>
'EKEINW$ 'AEI ZHMIOUSQW; 'EA=N DE-DH DOULO$ MH PEISA$ TON
DESPOTHN TWN CWRIWN "APTHTAI TOU TWN TOIOUTWN, KATA "RAGA
BOTRUWN KAI SUKON SUKH$ 'ISARIQMOU$ PLHGA$ TOUTOI$ MASTIGOUSQW.
METOIKO$ DE 'WNOUMENO$ THN GENNAIAN 'OPWRAN
'OPWRIZETW, 'EA=N BOULHTAI, 'EA=N DE XENO$ 'EPIDHMHSA$ 'OPWRA$
'EPIQUMHI5 FAGEIN DIAPOREUOMENO$ TA$ "ODOU$, TH$ MEN GENNAIA$
"APTESQW, 'EA=N BOULHTAI, MEQ' "ENO$ 'AKOLOUQOU CWRI$ TIMH$,
<P 845B>
XE=NIA DECOMENO$, TH$ DE 'AGROIKOU LEGOMENH$ KAI TWN TOIOUTWN
"O NOMO$ 'EIRGETW MH KOINWNEIN "HMIN TOU$ XENOU$; 'EA=N
DE TI$ 'AISTWR 'WN 'AUTO$ 'H= DOULO$ "AYHTAI, TON MEN DOULON
PLHGAI$ KOLAZEIN, TON DE 'ELEUQERON 'APOPEMPEIN NOUQETHSANTA
KAI DIDAXANTA TH$ 'ALLH$ 'OPWRA$ "APTESQAI TH$ 'EI$
'APOQESIN 'ASTAFIDO$ 'OINOU TE-KAI XHRWN SUKWN 'ANEPITHDEIOU
KEKTHSQAI. 'API=WN DE PE=RI KAI MHLWN KAI "ROWN KAI PANTWN
<P 845C>
TWN TOIOUTWN, 'AISCRON MEN MHDEN 'ESTW LAQRA\ LAMBANEIN,
"O DE LHFQEI$ 'ENTO$ TRIAKONTA 'ETWN GEGONW$ TUPTESQW KAI
'AMUNESQW 'ANEU TRAUMATWN, DIKHN D' 'EINAI 'ELEUQERWI TWN
TOIOUTWN PLHGWN MHDEMIAN. XENWI DE KAQAPER 'OPWRA$ 'EXESTW
KAI TWN TOIOUTWN METOCON 'EINAI; 'EA=N DE PRESBUTERO$ 'WN
"APTHTAI TOUTWN, FAGWN 'AUTOU2 KAI 'APOFERWN MHDEN, KAQAPER
"O XENO$ TAUTHI KOINWNEITW TWN TOIOUTWN "APANTWN, MH PEIQOMENO$
<P 845D>
DE TW*I NOMWI KINDUNEUETW 'ANAGWNISTO$ GIGNESQAI PERI=
'ARETH$, 'EA=N 'EI$ TO=TE TA TOIAUTA PERI= 'AUTOU4 TOU$ TO=TE KRITA$
TI$ 'ANAMIMNHISKHI5.
"UDWR DE PANTWN MEN TO PERI= TA$ KHPEIA$ DIAFERONTW$
TROFIMON, 'EUDIAFQARTON DE; 'OUTE-GAR GHN 'OUTE "HLION 'OUTE
PNEUMATA, TOI$ "UDASI SUNTROFA TWN 'EK GH$ 'ANABLASTANONTWN0
"RA\DION FQEIREIN FARMAKEUSESIN 'H= 'APOTROPAI$ 'H=-KAI KLOPAI$,
PERI= DE THN "UDATO$ FUSIN 'ESTIN TA TOIAUTA SUMPANTA DUNATA
<P 845E>
GIGNESQAI; DIO DH BOHQOU DEITAI NOMOU. 'ESTW TOINUN "ODE
PERI= 'AUTOU4; 'AN2 TI$ DIAFQEIRHI5 "EKWN "UDWR 'ALLOTRION, 'EI=TE-KAI
PHGAION 'EI=TE-KAI SUNAGURTON, FARMAKEIAI$ 'H= SKAMMASIN
'H= KLOPAI$, "O BLAPTOMENO$ DIKAZESQW PRO$ TOU$ 'ASTUNOMOU$,
THN 'AXIAN TH$ BLABH$ 'APOGRAFOMENO$; 'AN2 DE TI$ 'OFLHI6
FARMAKEIAI$ TISIN BLAPTWN, PRO$ TW*I TIMHMATI KAQHRATW TA$
PHGA$ 'H= 'TAGGEION TOU* "UDATO$, "OPHIPER 'AN4 "OI TWN 'EXHGHTWN
NOMOI 'AFHGWNTAI DEIN GIGNESQAI THN KAQARSIN "EKASTOTE KAI
"EKASTOI$.
PERI= DE SUGKOMIDH$ TWN "WRAIWN "APANTWN, 'EXESTW TW*I


<P 846A>
BOULOMENWI TO "EAUTOU DIA= PANTO$ TOPOU KOMIZESQAI, "OPHIPER
'AN4 'H= MHDEN MHDENA ZHMIOI2 'H= TRIPLASION 'AUTO$ KERDO$ TH$
TOU* GEITONO$ ZHMIA$ KERDAINHI5, TOUTWN DE 'EPIGNWMONA$ TOU$
'ARCONTA$ GIGNESQAI, KAI TWN 'ALLWN "APANTWN "OSA TI$ 'AN4
"EKWN 'AKONTA BLAPTHI5 BIA\ 'H= LAQRA\, 'AUTON 'H= TWN 'AUTOU4 TI,
DIA= TWN "AUTOU KTHMATWN, PANTA TA TOIAUTA TOI$ 'ARCOUSIN4
'EPIDEIKNU$ TIMWREISQW, MECRI TRIWN MNWN 'ONTO$ TOU* BLABOU$;
'EA=N D' 'EGKLHMA TWI MEIZON 'ALLWI PRO$ 'ALLON GIGNHTAI, PRO$
<P 846B>
TA KOINA DIKASTHRIA FERWN THN DIKHN TIMWREISQW TON
'ADIKOUNTA. 'EA=N DE TI$ TWN 'ARCONTWN0 DOKHI5 MET' 'ADIKOU
GNWMH$ KRINEIN0 TA$ ZHMIA$, TWN DIPLASIWN "UPODIKO$ 'ESTW
TW*I BLAFQENTI; TA DE 'AU TWN 'ARCONTWN0 'ADIKHMATA 'EI$ TA
KOINA DIKASTHRIA 'EPANAGEIN TON BOULOMENON "EKASTWN TWN
'EGKLHMATWN. MURIA DE TAUTA 'ONTA KAI SMIKRA NOMIMA, KAQ'
"A DEI TA$ TIMWRIA$ GIGNESQAI, LHXEWN TE PE=RI DIKWN KAI
<P 846C>
PROSKLHSEWN KAI KLHTHRWN, 'EI=T' 'EPI DUOIN 'EI=T' 'EF' "OPOSWN
DEI KALEISQAI0, KAI PANTA "OPOSA TOIAUTA 'ESTIN, 'OUT' 'ANOMOQETHTA
"OION-T'-'EINAI GERONTO$ TE 'OUK 'A=XIA NOMOQETOU,
NOMOQETOUNTWN3 D' 'AUTA "OI NEOI PRO$ TA TWN PROSQEN NOMOQETHMATA
'APOMIMOUMENOI, SMIKRA PRO$ MEGALA, KAI TH$
'ANAGKAIA$ 'AUTWN CREIA$ 'EMPEIRW$ 'ISCONTE$, MECRIPER 'AN4
PANTA "IKANW$ DOXHI6 KEISQAI; TO=TE DE 'AKINHTA POIHSAMENOI,
ZWNTWN2 TOUTOI$ 'HDH CRWMENOI METRON 'ECOUSI4.
<P 846D>
TO DE TWN 'ALLWN DHMIOURGWN POIEIN CRH KATA TODE.
PRWTON MEN 'EPICWRIO$ MHDEI$ 'ESTW TWN PERI= TA DHMIOURGIKA
TECNHMATA DIAPONOUNTWN0, MHDE 'OIKETH$ 'ANDRO$ 'EPICWRIOU.
TECNHN GAR "IKANHN, POLLH$ 'ASKHSEW$ "AMA KAI MAQHMATWN
POLLWN DEOMENHN, KEKTHTAI POLITH$ 'ANHR TON KOINON TH$
POLEW$ KOSMON SWIZWN KAI KTWMENO$, 'OUK 'EN PARERGWI DEOMENON
'EPITHDEUEIN; DUO DE 'EPITHDEUMATA 'H DUO TECNA$ 'AKRIBW$
DIAPONEISQAI SCEDON 'OUDEMIA FUSI$ "IKANH TWN 'ANQRWPINWN,
<P 846E>
'OUD' 'AU THN MEN 'AUTO$ "IKANO$ 'ASKEIN, THN DE 'ALLON 'ASKOUNTA
'EPITROPEUEIN. TOUT' 'OUN 'EN POLEI "UPARCON DEI PRWTON
GIGNESQAI; MHDEI$ CALKEUWN "AMA TEKTAINESQW, MHD' 'AU
TEKTAINOMENO$ CALKEUONTWN0 'ALLWN 'EPIMELEISQW MALLON 'H= TH$
"AUTOU TECNH$, PROFASIN 'ECWN "W$ POLLWN 'OIKETWN 'EPIMELOUMENO$
"EAUTWI DHMIOURGOUNTWN0, 'EIKOTW$ MALLON 'EPIMELEITAI DI'


<P 847A>
'EKEINWN DIA= TO THN PROSODON 'EKEIQEN "AUTWI PLEIW GIGNESQAI
TH$ "AUTOU TECNH$, 'ALL' "EI$ MIAN "EKASTO$ TECNHN 'EN POLEI
KEKTHMENO$ 'APO TAUTH$ "AMA KAI TO ZHN KTASQW. TOUTON DH
TON NOMON 'ASTUNOMOI DIAPONOUMENOI SWIZONTWN2, KAI TON MEN
'EPICWRION, 'EA=N 'EI$ TINA TECNHN 'APOKLINHI65 MALLON 'H= THN TH$
'ARETH$ 'EPIMELEIAN, KOLAZONTWN2 'ONEIDESI TE-KAI 'ATIMIAI$,
MECRIPER 'AN4 KATEUQUNWSIN 'EI$ TON "AUTOU DROMON, XENWN DE
'AN2 TI$ 'EPITHDEUHI5 DUO TECNA$, DESMOISI TE-KAI CRHMATWN
<P 847B>
ZHMIAI$ KAI 'EKBOLAI$ 'EK TH$ POLEW$ KOLAZONTE$, 'ANAGKAZONTWN2
"ENA MONON 'ALLA= MH POLLOU$ 'EINAI. MISQWN DE 'AUTOI$ PE=RI
KAI TWN 'ANAIRESEWN TWN 'ERGWN, KAI 'EA=N TI$ 'AUTOU$ "ETERO$
'H= 'KEINOI TINA 'ALLON 'ADIKWSI, MECRI DRACMWN PENTHKONTA
'ASTUNOMOI DIADIKAZONTWN2, TO DE PLEON TOUTOU TA KOINA
DIKASTHRIA DIAKRINONTWN2 KATA NOMON.
TELO$ DE 'EN THI POLEI MHDENA MHDEN TELEIN0 MHTE 'EXAGOMENWN
CRHMATWN MHT' 'EISAGOMENWN; LIBANWTON DE-KAI "OSA
<P 847C>
PRO$ QEOU$ TA TOIAUTA 'ESTIN XENIKA QUMIAMATA, KAI PORFURAN
KAI "OSA BAPTA CRWMATA, MH FEROUSH$ TH$ CWRA$, 'H= PERI=
TINA 'ALLHN TECNHN DEOMENHN XENIKWN TINWN 'EISAGWGIMWN
MHDENO$ 'ANAGKAIOU CARIN MHTE TI$ 'AGETW, MHTE 'AU TWN 'EN
THI CWRA\ 'ANAGKAIWN 'EMMENEIN0 'EXAGETW; TOUTWN D' 'AU PANTWN
'EPIGNWMONA$ 'EINAI KAI 'EPIMELHTA$ TWN NOMOFULAKWN, PENTE
'AFAIREQENTWN5 TWN PRESBUTERWN, TOU$ "EXH$ DWDEKA.
<P 847D>
PERI= DE "OPLWN KAI "OSA PERI= TON POLEMON "APANTA 'ORGANA,
'EA=N TINO$ 'H= TECNH$ 'EISAGWGIMOU DEHI5 GIGNESQAI 'H= FUTOU 'H=
METALLEUTIKOU KTHMATO$ 'H= DESMEUTIKOU 'H= ZWIWN TINWN "ENEKA
TH$ TOIAUTH$ CREIA$, "IPPARCOI KAI STRATHGOI TOUTWN 'ESTWSAN
KURIOI 'EISAGWGH$ TE-KAI 'EXAGWGH$, DIDOUSH$ TE "AMA KAI
DECOMENH$ TH$ POLEW$, NOMOU$ DE PERI= TOUTWN NOMOFULAKE$
TOU$ PREPONTA$ TE-KAI "IKANOU$ QHSOUSI2; KAPHLEIAN DE "ENEKA
CRHMATISMWN MHTE-'OUN TOUTOU MHTE 'ALLOU MHDENO$ 'EN THI
<P 847E>
CWRA\ "OLHI KAI POLEI "HMIN GIGNESQAI.
TROFH$ DE-KAI DIANOMH$ TWN 'EK TH$ CWRA$ 'EGGU$ TH$
TOU* KRHTIKOU NOMOU 'EOIKEN0 'ORQOTH$ 'AN4 TI$ GIGNOMENH KATA
TROPON GIGNESQAI. DWDEKA MEN-GAR-DH MERH TA PANTA 'EK
TH$ CWRA$ GIGNOMENA NEMEIN0 CREWN PANTA$, "HIPER KAI 'ANALWTEA;
TO DE DWDEKATON MERO$ "EKASTON % "OION PURWN KAI
KRIQWN, "OISIN DH-KAI TA "APANTA 'AKOLOUQEITW TA 'A=LLA "WRAI*A


<P 848A>
NEMOMENA, KAI "OSA ZWIA SUMPANTA PRASIMA 'EN "EKASTOI$ 'HI %
TRICHI DIAIREISQW KATA LOGON, "EN MEN MERO$ TOI$ 'ELEUQEROI$,
"EN DE TOI$ TOUTWN 'OIKETAI$; TO DE TRITON DHMIOURGOI$ TE-KAI
PANTW$ TOI$ XENOI$, "OI=4 TE TINE$ 'AU TWN METOIKOUNTWN0 'WSI
SUNOIKOUNTE$ TROFH$ 'ANAGKAIOU DEOMENOI, KAI "OSOI CREIA\ TINI
POLEW$ 'H= TINO$ 'IDIWTWN 'EISAFIKNOUNTAI "EKASTOTE, PANTWN
TWN 'ANAGKAIWN 'APONEMHQEN TRITON MERO$ 'WNION 'EX 'ANAGKH$
'ESTW TOUTO MONON, TWN DE DUO MERWN MHDEN 'EPANAGKE$ 'ESTW
<P 848B>
PWLEIN. PW*$ 'OUN-DH TAUTA 'ORQOTATA NEMOIT' 'AN4: PRWTON
MEN DHLON "OTI4 THI MEN 'ISA, THI D' 'OUK 'ISA NEMOMEN.
KL _ PW*$ LEGEI$:
AQ _ CEIRW POU-KAI BELTIW TOUTWN "EKASTA 'ANAGKH FUEIN
KAI 'EKTREFEIN THN GHN.
KL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ _ TW*I MEN-TOINUN TOIOUTWI TWN MERWN, TRIWN 'ONTWN0, MHDEN
PLEON 'ECETW MHTE TOI$ DESPOTAI$ 'H= DOULOI$ NEMOMENON, MHTE
'AU TO TWN XENWN, 'ALLA= THN TH$ "OMOIOTHTO$ 'ISOTHTA "H NOMH
<P 848C>
PASIN 'APODIDOTW THN 'AUTHN; LABWN "EKASTO$ TWN POLITWN TA
DUO MERH KURIO$ 'ESTW TH$ NOMH$ DOULOI$ TE-KAI 'ELEUQEROI$,
"OPOS' 'AN4 KAI "OPOI*A BOULHTAI DIANEMEIN0. TO DE PLEON TOUTWN
METROI$ TE-KAI 'ARIQMWI THIDE CRH DIANEMESQAI; LABONTA TON
'ARIQMON PANTWN TWN ZWIWN "OI$ 'EK TH$ GH$ DEI THN TROFHN
GIGNESQAI, DIANEMEIN0.
TO DE META TOUTO 'AUTOI$ 'OIKHSEI$ DEI CWRI$ DIATETAGMENA$
'EINAI; TAXI$ DE "HDE PREPEI0 TOI$ TOIOUTOI$. DWDEKA KWMA$
'EINAI CRH, KATA MESON TO DWDEKATHMORION "EKASTON MIAN, 'EN
<P 848D>
THI KWMHI DE "EKASTHI PRWTON MEN "IERA KAI 'AGORAN 'EXHIRHSQAI
QEWN TE-KAI TWN "EPOMENWN QEOI$ DAIMONWN, 'EI=TE TINE$ 'ENTOPOI
MAGNHTWN 'EI=T' 'ALLWN "IDRUMATA PALAIWN MNHMHI DIASESWMENWN
'EISIN, TOUTOI$ 'APODIDONTA$ TA$ TWN PALAI TIMA$
'ANQRWPWN, "ESTIA$ DE-KAI DIO$ 'AQHNA$ TE-KAI "O$4 'AN4
'ARCHGO$ 'HI TWN 'ALLWN TOU* DWDEKATOU "EKASTOU MEROU$, "IERA
PANTACOU "IDRUSASQAI. PRWTON DE 'OIKODOMIA$ 'EINAI PERI= TA
<P 848E>
"IERA TAUTA, "OPHI 'AN4 "O TOPO$ "UYHLOTATO$ 'HI, TOI$ FROUROI$
"UPODOCHN "OTI2 MALISTA 'EUERKH; THN DE 'ALLHN CWRAN KATASKEUAZEIN
PASAN DHMIOURGWN TRIAKAIDEKA MERH DIELOMENOU$,
KAI TO MEN 'EN 'ASTEI KATOIKIZEIN, DIELOMENOU$ 'AU KAI TOUTO
'EI$ TA DWDEKA MERH TH$ POLEW$ "APASH$, 'EXW TE-KAI 'EN KUKLWI
KATANEMHQENTA$, 'EN THI KWMHI DE "EKASTHI TA PROSFORA GEWRGOI$
GENH TWN DHMIOURGWN SUNOIKIZEIN. TOU$ D' 'EPIMELHTA$ 'EINAI
TOUTWN PANTWN TOU$ TWN 'AGRONOMWN 'ARCONTA$, "OSWN TE-KAI
"WNTINWN "O TOPO$ "EKASTO$ DEITAI, KAI "OPOU KATOIKOUNTE$
'ALUPOTATOI TE-KAI 'WFELIMWTATOI 'ESONTAI TOISIN GEWRGOISI.


<P 849A>
TWN DE 'EN 'ASTEI KATA TA 'AUTA 'EPIMELHQHNAI KAI 'EPIMELEISQAI
THN TWN 'ASTUNOMWN 'ARCHN.
TOI$ DE-DH 'AGORANOMOI$ TA PERI= 'AGORAN POU DEI "EKASTA
MELEIN; "H D' 'EPIMELEIA, META THN TWN "IERWN 'EPISKEYIN TWN
KAT' 'AGORAN MH TI$ 'ADIKHI5 TI, TH$ TWN 'ANQRWPWN CREIA$ TO
DEUTERON 'AN4 'EIH, SWFROSUNH$ TE-KAI "UBREW$ 'EPISKOPOU$ 'ONTA$
KOLAZEIN TON DEOMENON KOLASEW$. TWN DE 'WNIWN, PRWTON
MEN TA PERI= TOU$ XENOU$ TACQENTA PWLEIN TOI$ 'ASTOI$ SKOPEIN
<P 849B>
'EI GIGNETAI KATA TON NOMON "EKASTA. NOMO$ D' "EKASTWI MHNO$
THI NEA\ "WN DEI PRAQHNAI TO MERO$ TOI$ XENOI$ 'EXAGEIN TOU$
'EPITROPOU$, "OSOI TOI$ 'ASTOI$ XENOI 'H=-KAI DOULOI 'EPITROPEUOUSI0,
DWDEKATHMORION PRWTON TOU* SITOU, TON DE XENON
'EI$ PANTA TON MHNA 'WNEISQAI SITON MEN-KAI "OSA PERI= SITON
'AGORA*I THI PRWTHI; DEKATHI DE TOU* MHNO$ THN TWN "UGRWN "OI MEN
PRASIN, "OI DE 'WNHN POIEISQWSAN DI' "OLOU TOU* MHNO$ "IKANHN;
<P 849C>
TRITHI DE 'EIKADI TWN ZWIWN 'ESTW PRASI$, "OSA PRATEA "EKASTOI$
'H= 'WNHTEA 'AUTOI$ DEOMENOI$ KAI "OPOSWN SKEUWN 'H= CRHMATWN
GEWRGOI$ MEN PRASI$, "OION DERMATWN 'H=-KAI PASH$ 'ESQHTO$
'H= PLOKH$ 'H= PILHSEW$ 'H= TINWN 'ALLWN TOIOUTWN, XENOI$ DE
'ANAGKAION 'WNEISQAI PAR' 'ALLWN KTWMENOI$. KAPHLEIA$ DE
TOUTWN 'H= KRIQWN 'H= PURWN 'EI$ 'ALFITA NEMHQENTWN5, 'H=-KAI THN
'ALLHN SUMPASAN TROFHN, 'ASTOI$ MEN-KAI TOUTWN DOULOI$ MHTE
TI$ PWLEITW MHTE 'WNEISQW PARA TOIOUTOU MHDEI$ MHDENO$, 'EN
<P 849D>
DE TAI$ TWN XENWN XENO$ 'AGORAI$ PWLEITW TOI$ DHMIOURGOI$
TE-KAI TOUTWN DOULOI$, 'OINOU TE METABALLOMENO$ KAI SITOU
PRASIN, "O= DH KAPHLEIAN 'EPONOMAZOUSIN0 "OI PLEISTOI; KAI
ZWIWN DIAMERISQENTWN5 MAGEIROI DIATIQESQWN XENOI$ TE-KAI
DHMIOURGOI$ KAI TOUTWN 'OIKETAI$. PASAN DE "ULHN KAUSIMON
"OSHMERAI XENO$ "O BOULHQEI$ 'WNEISQW MEN "AQROAN PARA TWN
'EN TOI$ CWRIOI$ 'EPITROPWN, PWLEITW DE 'AUTO$ TOI$ XENOI$,
<P 849E>
KAQ' "OSON 'AN4 BOULHTAI KAI "OPOTAN BOULHTAI. TWN DE 'ALLWN
CRHMATWN PANTWN KAI SKEUWN "OPOSWN "EKASTOISI CREIA,
PWLEIN 'EI$ THN KOINHN 'AGORAN FERONTA$ 'EI$ TON TOPON
"EKASTON, 'EN "OI$ 'AN4 NOMOFULAKE$ TE-KAI 'AGORANOMOI, MET'
'ASTUNOMWN TEKMHRAMENOI "EDRA$ PREPOUSA$, "OROU$ QWNTAI
TWN 'WNIWN, 'EN TOUTOI$ 'ALLATTESQAI NOMISMA TE CRHMATWN
KAI CRHMATA NOMISMATO$, MH PROIEMENON 'ALLON "ETERWI THN
'ALLAGHN; "O DE PROEMENO$ "W$ PISTEUWN, 'EANTE KOMISHTAI
KAI 'AN2 MH, STERGETW "W$ 'OUKETI DIKH$ 'OUSH$ TWN TOIOUTWN


<P 850A>
PERI= SUNALLAXEWN. TO DE 'WNHQEN 'H= PRAQEN "OSWI PLEON 'AN4 'HI
KAI PLEONO$ 'H= KATA TON NOMON, "O$4 'EIRHKEN0 PO=SOU PROSGENOMENOU
KAI 'APOGENOMENOU DEI MHDE=TERA TOUTWN POIEIN, 'ANAGRAFHTW
TO=T' 'HDH PARA TOI$ NOMOFULAXIN TO PLEON, 'EXALEIFESQW
DE TO 'ENANTION. TA 'AUTA DE-KAI PERI= METOIKWN 'ESTW TH$
'ANAGRAFH$ PE=RI TH$ 'OUSIA$. 'IENAI DE TON BOULOMENON 'EI$
THN METOIKHSIN 'EPI "RHTOI$, "W$ 'OIKHSEW$ 'OUSH$ TWN XENWN TW*I
<P 850B>
BOULOMENWI KAI DUNAMENWI KATOIKEIN, TECNHN KEKTHMENWI KAI
'EPIDHMOUNTI MH PLEON 'ETWN 'EIKOSIN 'AF' "H$ 'AN4 GRAYHTAI,
METOIKION MHDE SMIKRON TELOUNTI0 PLHN TOU* SWFRONEIN, MHDE
'ALLO 'AU TELO$ "ENEKA TINO$ 'WNH$ 'H=-KAI PRASEW$; "OTAN D'
'EXHKWSIN "OI CRONOI, THN "AUTOU LABONTA 'OUSIAN 'APIENAI.
'EA=N D' 'EN TOI$ 'ETESI TOUTOI$ 'AUTWI SUMBHI6 LOGOU 'AXIWI PRO$
'EUERGESIAN TH$ POLEW$ GEGONENAI TINA "IKANHN, KAI PISTEUHI5
PEISEIN BOULHN KAI 'EKKLHSIAN, 'H= TINA 'ANABOLHN TH$ 'EXOIKHSEW$
<P 850C>
'AXIWN "AUTWI GIGNESQAI KURIW$, 'H=-KAI TO PARAPAN DIA=
BIOU TINA MONHN, 'EPELQWN KAI PEISA$ THN POLIN, "APER 'AN4 PEISHI6,
TAUTA 'AUTWI TE=LEA GIGNESQW. PAISI DE METOIKWN, DHMIOURGOI$
'OUSI KAI GENOMENOI$ 'ETWN PENTEKAIDEKA, TH$ MEN METOIKIA$
'ARCETW CRONO$ "O META TO PEMPTON KAI DEKATON 'ETO$, 'EPI
TOUTOI$ DE 'EIKOSIN 'ETH MEINA$, 'ITW "OPHI 'AUTWI FILON, MENEIN0
DE 'AN2 BOULHTAI, KATA TA 'AUTA MENETW PEISA$; "O DE 'APIWN
<P 850D>
'EXALEIYAMENO$ 'ITW TA$ 'APOGRAFA$, "AITINE$ 'AN4 'AUTWI PARA
TOI$ 'ARCOUSIN4 GEGRAMMENAI PROTERON 'WSIN.


<B NOM9>


<P 853A>
AQ _ DIKAI DH TA META TAUTA 'AKOLOUQOI TAI$ 'EMPROSQEN
PRAXESIN "APASAI$ 'OUSAI KATA FUSIN GIGNOINTO 'AN4 THN TH$
DIAKOSMHSEW$ TWN NOMWN. "WNTINWN 'OUN-DH PE=RI DEI GIGNESQAI
DIKA$, TA MEN 'EIRHTAI, TA KATA GEWRGIA$ TE-KAI "OSA TOUTOI$
"EIPETO, TA DE MEGISTA 'OUTE 'EIRHTAI PW, KAQ' "EN "EKASTON
TE LEGOMENON, "RHQEN "HN DEI LAMBANEIN 'AUTO TIMWRIAN KAI
<P 853B>
TI=NWN POTE DIKASTWN TUGCANEIN, MET' 'EKEIN' 'AUTA "EXH$ TAUTA
"RHTEON.
KL _ 'ORQW$.
AQ _ 'AISCRON MEN-DH TINA TROPON KAI NOMOQETEIN PANTA
"OPOSA NU*N MELLOMEN TOUTO DRAN, 'EN TOIAUTHI POLEI "HN FAMEN
'OIKHSESQAI TE 'EU KAI TEUXESQAI PASH$ 'ORQOTHTO$ PRO$ 'EPITHDEUSIN
'ARETH$; 'EN DE THI TOIAUTHI TO KAI 'AXIOUN0 TH$ TWN
'ALLWN MOCQHRIA$ TWN MEGISTWN 'EMFUESQAI TINA MEQEXONTA,
"WSTE DEIN NOMOQETEIN PROKATALAMBANONTA KAI 'APEILOUNTA
<P 853C>
'EA=N TI$ TOIOUTO$ GIGNHTAI, KAI TOUTWN 'APOTROPH$ TE "ENEKA
KAI GENOMENWN KOLASEW$ TIQENAI 'EP' 'AUTOI$ NOMOU$, "W$
'ESOMENOU$, "OPER 'EIPON, 'AISCRON MEN TINA TROPON. 'EPEIDH
DE 'OU, KAQAPER "OI PALAIOI NOMOQETAI QEWN PAISIN NOMOQETOUMENOI
TOI$ "HRWSIN, "W$ "O NU*N LOGO$, 'AUTOI T' 'EK QEWN 'ONTE$
'ALLOI$ TE 'EK TOIOUTWN GEGONOSIN 'ENOMOQETOUN, 'ALL' 'ANQRWPOI
TE-KAI 'ANQRWPWN SPERMASIN NOMOQETOUMEN TA NU*N 'ANEMESHTON
<P 853D>
DH FOBEISQAI MH TI$ 'EGGIGNHTAI TWN POLITWN "HMIN
"OION KERASBOLO$, "O$4 'ATERAMWN 'EI$ TOSOUTON FUSEI GIGNOIT'
'AN4 "WSTE MH THKESQAI; KAQAPER 'EKEINA TA SPERMATA PURI,
NOMOI$ "OUTOI KAIPER "OUTW$ 'ISCUROI$ 'OUSIN 'ATHKTOI GIGNWNTAI.
"WN DH CARIN 'OUK 'EPICARIN LEGOIM' 'AN4 PRWTON NOMON "IERWN
PERI= SULHSEWN, 'AN2 TI$ TOUTO DRAN TOLMA*I2. KAI POLITHN MEN
TWN TEQRAMMENWN 'ORQW$ 'OUT' 'AN4 BOULOIMEQA 'OUTE 'ELPISTON
PANU TI NOSHSAI0 POTE 'AN4 TAUTHN THN NOSON, 'OIKETAI DE 'AN4
TOUTWN KAI XENOI KAI XENWN DOULOI POLLA 'AN4 'EPICEIRHSEIAN
TOIAUTA; "WN "ENEKA MEN MALISTA, "OMW$ DE-KAI SUMPASAN THN


<P 854A>
TH$ 'ANQRWPINH$ FUSEW$ 'ASQENEIAN 'EULABOUMENO$, 'ERW2 TON
TWN "IEROSULWN PE=RI NOMON KAI TWN 'ALLWN PANTWN TWN
TOIOUTWN "OSA DUSIATA KAI 'ANIATA. PROOIMIA DE TOUTOISI,
KATA TON 'EMPROSQEN LOGON "OMOLOGHQENTA, PRORRHTEON "APASIN
"W$ BRACUTATA. LEGOI DH TI$ 'AN4 'EKEINWI DIALEGOMENO$ "AMA
KAI PARAMUQOUMENO$, "ON 'EPIQUMIA KAKH PARAKALOUSA0 MEQ'
"HMERAN TE-KAI 'EPEGEIROUSA NUKTWR 'EPI TI TWN "IERWN 'AGEI0
<P 854B>
SULHSONTA, TADE; 'W* QAUMASIE, 'OUK 'ANQRWPINON SE KAKON
'OUDE QEION KINEI0 TO NU*N 'EPI THN "IEROSULIAN PROTREPON 'IENAI,
'OISTRO$ DE SE TI$ 'EMFUOMENO$ 'EK PALAIWN KAI 'AKAQARTWN
TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ 'ADIKHMATWN, PERIFEROMENO$ 'ALITHRIWDH$, "ON
'EULABEISQAI CREWN PANTI SQENEI; TI=$ D' 'ESTIN 'EULABEIA,
MAQE. "OTAN SOI4 PROSPIPTHI5 TI TWN TOIOUTWN DOGMATWN, 'IQI
'EPI TA$ 'APODIOPOMPHSEI$, 'IQI 'EPI QEWN 'APOTROPAIWN "IERA
"IKETH$, 'IQI 'EPI TA$ TWN LEGOMENWN 'ANDRWN "UMIN 'AGAQWN
<P 854C>
SUNOUSIA$, KAI TA MEN 'AKOUE, TA DE PEIRW5 LEGEIN 'AUTO$, "W$
DEI TA KALA KAI TA DI=KAIA PANTA 'ANDRA TIMAN; TA$ DE TWN
KAKWN SUNOUSIA$ FEUGE 'AMETASTREPTI. KAI 'EA=N MEN SOI4
DRWNTI TAUTA LWFA*I2 TI TO NOSHMA; 'EI DE MH, KALLIW QANATON
SKEYAMENO$ 'APALLATTOU TOU* BIOU.
TAUTA "HMWN 'A\DONTWN0 PROOIMIA TOI$ PANTA TAUTA 'EPINOOUSIN4
"OSA 'ANO=SIA 'ERGA KAI POLITOFQORA, TW*I MEN PEIQOMENWI
TON NOMON 'EA*N SIGHI DEI, TW*I DE 'APEIQOUNTI META TO PROOIMION
<P 854D>
'A\DEIN MEGA; "O$4 D' 'AN4 "IEROSULWN LHFQHI, 'EA=N MEN 'HI DOULO$ 'H=
XENO$, 'EN TW*I PROSWPWI KAI TAI$ CERSI GRAFEI=$ THN SUMFORAN,
KAI MASTIGWQEI$ "OPOSA$ 'AN4 DOXHI6 TOI$ DIKASTAI$, 'EKTO$ TWN
"ORWN TH$ CWRA$ GUMNO$ 'EKBLHQHTW; TACA GAR 'AN4 DOU$
TAUTHN THN DIKHN GENOIT' 'AN4 BELTIWN SWFRONISQEI$. 'OU-GAR
'EPI KAKWI DIKH GIGNETAI 'OUDEMIA GENOMENH KATA NOMON, DUOIN
DE QATERON 'APERGAZETAI SCEDON; 'H= GAR BELTIONA 'H= MOCQHROTERON
<P 854E>
"HTTON 'EXHRGASATO TON THN DIKHN PARASCONTA. POLITH$
DE 'AN2 TI$ POTE TI TOIOUTON DRWN 'ANAFANHI, PERI= QEOU$ 'H=
PERI= GONEA$ 'H= PERI= POLIN 'HDIKHKW$ TWN MEGALWN TINA KAI
'APORRHTWN 'ADIKIWN, "W$ 'ANIATON 'HDH TOUTON 'ONTA "O DIKASTH$
DIANOEISQW, LOGIZOMENO$ "OIA$ PAIDEIA$ TE-KAI TROFH$ 'EK
PAIDO$ TUGCANWN 'OUK 'APESCETO TWN MEGISTWN KAKWN. DIKH
DH TOUTWI QANATO$, 'ELACISTON TWN KAKWN, TOU$ DE 'ALLOU$


<P 855A>
PARADEIGMA 'ONHSEI2 GENOMENO$, 'AKLEH$ KAI "UPER TOU$ TH$
CWRA$ "OROU$ 'AFANISQEI$; PAISI DE-KAI GENEI, 'EA=N FUGWSI
TA PATRW*IA 'HQH, KLEO$ 'ESTW KAI LOGO$ 'ENTIMO$ LEGOMENO$,
"W$ 'EU TE-KAI 'ANDREIW$ 'EI$ 'AGAQON 'EK KAKOU DIAPEFEUGOTWN.
DHMO=SIA DE CRHMATA 'OUDENO$ TWN TOIOUTWN THI POLITEIA\ PREPON
'AN4 'EIH GIGNESQAI, 'EN "HI DEI TOU$ 'AUTOU$ 'AEI KAI 'ISOU$ 'ONTA$
DIATELEIN0 KLHROU$. ZHMIA$ D' 'EKTISEI$, "OTAN 'ADIKEIN 'A=XIA
DOKHI5 TI$ CRHMATWN, 'EKTINEIN, 'AN2 'HI TI TWN TOU* KLHROU KATESKEUASMENOU
<P 855B>
PERITTEUON, MECRI TOSOUTOU ZHMIWQENTA, TO DE
PLEON MH; TA$ D' 'EI$ TAUTA 'AKRIBEIA$ 'EK TWN 'APOGRAFWN
NOMOFULAKE$ SKOPOUNTE$ TO SAFE$ 'EXAGGELLONTWN2 'AEI TOI$
DIKASTAI$, "OPW$ 'AN4 TWN KLHRWN 'ARGO$ MHDEI$ MHDEPOTE
GIGNHTAI DI' 'APORIAN CRHMATWN. ZHMIA$ DE 'AN2 TI$ PLEONO$
'AXIO$ 'EINAI DOKHI5, 'EA=N 'A=RA MH TINE$ 'EQELWSIN 'AUTON TWN FILWN
'EGGUASQAI TE-KAI SUNEKTINONTE$ 'APELEUQEROUN0, DESMOI$ TE
CRONIOI$ KAI 'EMFANESI KAI TISIN PROPHLAKISMOI$ KOLAZEIN,
<P 855C>
'ATIMON DE PANTAPASIN MHDENA 'EINAI MHDEPOTE MHD' 'EF' "ENI
TWN "AMARTHMATWN, MHD' "UPERORIAN FUGADA; QANATON DE 'H=
DESMOU$ 'H= PLHGA$, 'H= TINA$ 'AMORFOU$ "EDRA$ 'H= STASEI$ 'H= PARASTASEI$
'EI$ "IERA 'EPI TA TH$ CWRA$ 'ESCATA, 'H= CRHMATWN
KAQAPER 'EMPROSQEN 'EIPOMEN 'EKTISEI$ GIGNESQAI DEIN THN
DIKHN TAUTHN, GIGNESQW. DIKASTAI DE 'ESTWSAN QANATOU PE=RI
NOMOFULAKE$ TE-KAI TO TWN PERUSINWN 'ARCONTWN0 'ARISTINDHN
<P 855D>
'APOMERISQEN DIKASTHRION; 'EISAGWGA$ DE TOUTWN KAI PROSKLHSEI$
KAI "OSA TOIAUTA KAI "W$ DEI GIGNESQAI, TOI$ NEWTEROI$
NOMOQETAI$ CRH MELEIN, THN DIAYHFISIN DE "HMETERON 'ERGON
NOMOQETEIN. 'ESTW DH FANERA MEN "H YHFO$ TIQEMENH, PRO
TOUTOU DE KATA TO STOMA TOU* DIWKONTO$ TE-KAI FEUGONTO$ "O
DIKASTH$ "EXH$ "HMIN 'EGGUTATA KATA PRESBIN "IZESQW, PANTE$
D' "OI POLITAI, "OSOIPER 'AN4 'AGWSI SCOLHN, 'EPHKOOI 'ESTWSAN
SPOUDHI TWN TOIOUTWN DIKWN. LEGEIN DE "ENA LOGON, PRWTON
<P 855E>
MEN TON DIWKONTA, TON DE FEUGONTA DEUTERON; META DE TOU$
LOGOU$ TOUTOU$ 'ARCESQAI MEN TON GERAITATON 'ANAKRINONTA,
'IONTA 'EI$ THN TWN LECQENTWN5 SKEYIN "IKANHN, META DE TON
PRESBUTATON "EXH$ "APANTA$ CRH DIEXELQEIN "OTI2 'AN4 PAR'
"EKATEROU TI$ TWN 'ANTIDIKWN "RHQEN 'H= MH "RHQEN 'EPIPOQHI5 TINA
TROPON; "O DE MHDEN POQWN 'ALLWI THN 'ANAKRISIN PARADIDOTW.
TWN DE "RHQENTWN5 'EPISFRAGISAMENOU$ "OSA 'AN4 'EINAI KAI=RIA


<P 856A>
DOKHI5, GRAMMASIN SHMEIA 'EPIBALLONTA$ PANTWN TWN DIKASTWN,
QEINAI0 'EPI THN "ESTIAN, KAI PALIN 'AURION 'EI$ 'TAUTON SUNELQONTA$,
"WSAUTW$ TE 'ANAKRINONTA$ DIEXELQEIN THN DIKHN KAI
SHMEIA 'EPIBALLONTA$ 'AU TOI$ LECQEISIN; KAI TRI$ DRASANTA$
TOUTO, TEKMHRIA TE-KAI MARTURA$ "IKANW$ PARALABONTA$,
YHFON "IERAN "EKASTON FERONTA KAI "UPOSCOMENON PRO$ TH$
"ESTIA$ 'EI$ DUNAMIN TA DI=KAIA KAI 'ALHQH KRINEIN0, "OUTW TELO$
'EPIQEINAI0 THI TOIAUTHI DIKHI.
<P 856B>
META DE TA PERI= QEOU$ TA PERI= KATALUSIN TH$ POLITEIA$.
"O$4 'AN4 'AGWN 'EI$ 'ARCHN 'ANQRWPWN DOULWTAI MEN TOU$ NOMOU$,
"ETAIRIA$ DE THN POLIN "UPHKOON POIHI5, KAI BIAIW$ DH PAN
TOUTO PRATTWN KAI STASIN 'EGEIRWN PARANOMHI5, TOUTON DH
DIANOEISQAI DEI PANTWN POLEMIWTATON "OLHI THI POLEI; TON
DE KOINWNOUNTA MEN TWN TOIOUTWN MHDENI, TWN MEGISTWN DE
METECONTA 'ARCWN 'EN THI POLEI, LELHQOTA TE TAUTA 'AUTON, 'H=
<P 856C>
MH LELHQOTA, DEILIA\ D', "UPER PATRIDO$ "AUTOU MH TIMWROUMENON,
DEI DEUTERON "HGEISQAI TON TOIOUTON POLITHN KA=KHI. PA$ DE
'ANHR, "OU2 KAI SMIKRON 'OFELO$, 'ENDEIKNUTW TAI$ 'ARCAI$ 'EI$
KRISIN 'AGWN TON 'EPIBOULEUONTA BIAIOU POLITEIA$ METASTASEW$
"AMA KAI PARANOMOU; DIKASTAI DE 'ESTWSAN TOUTOI$
"OIPER TOI$ "IEROSULOI$, KAI PASAN THN KRISIN "WSAUTW$ 'AUTOI$
GIGNESQAI KAQAPER 'EKEINOI$, THN YHFON QANATON FEREIN THN
PLHQEI NIKWSAN. "ENI DE LOGWI, PATRO$ 'ONEIDH KAI TIMWRIA$
<P 856D>
PAIDWN MHDENI SUNEPESQAI, PLHN 'EA=N TINI PATHR KAI PAPPO$
KAI PAPPOU PATHR 'EFEXH$ 'OFLWSI QANATOU DIKHN; TOUTOU$ DE
"H POLI$ 'ECONTA$ THN "AUTWN 'OUSIAN, PLHN "OSON KATESKEUASMENOU
TOU* KLHROU PANTELW$, 'EI$ THN "AUTWN 'ARCAIAN 'EKPEMPESQW
PATRIDA KAI POLIN. "OI$ D' 'AN4 TWN POLITWN "UEI$
'ONTE$ TUGCANWSIN PLEIOU$ "ENO$, MH 'ELATTON DEKA 'ETH GEGONOTE$,
KLHRWSAI0 MEN TOUTWN DEKA, "OU$ 'AN4 'APOFHNHI6 PATHR
'H= PAPPO$ "O PRO$ PATRO$ 'H= MHTRO$, TWN DE LACONTWN3 TA
<P 856E>
'ONOMATA 'EI$ DELFOU$ PEMFQENTWN6; "ON D' 'AN4 "O QEO$ 'ANELHI6,
KLHRONOMON 'EI$ TON 'OIKON KATASTHSAI0 TON TWN 'EKLIPONTWN3
TUCHI 'AMEINONI.
KL _ KALW$.
AQ _ KOINO$ D' 'ETI TRITO$ "EI$ 'ESTW NOMO$ PERI= DIKASTWN
TE, "OU$ DEI DIKAZEIN 'AUTOI$, KAI "O TROPO$ TWN DIKWN, "OI$ 'AN4
PRODOSEW$ 'AITIAN 'EPIFERWN TI$ 'EI$ DIKASTHRION 'AGHI5; KAI
MONH$ "WSAUTW$ 'EKGONOI$ KAI 'EXODOU TH$ PATRIDO$ "EI$ 'ESTW


<P 857A>
PERI= TAUTA NOMO$ "OUTO$ TRISI, PRODOTHI KAI "IEROSULWI KAI TW*I
TOU$ TH$ POLEW$ NOMOU$ BIA\ 'APOLLUNTI. KLEPTHI DE, 'EANTE
MEGA 'EANTE SMIKRON KLEPTHI5 TI$, "EI$ 'AU NOMO$ KEISQW KAI
MIA DIKH$ TIMWRIA SUMPASIN; TO MEN-GAR KLAPEN DH CREWN
DIPLASION PRWTON 'EKTINEIN, 'EA=N 'OFLHI6 TI$ THN TOIAUTHN DIKHN
KAI "IKANHN 'ECHI5 THN 'ALLHN 'OUSIAN 'APOTINEIN "UPER TON KLHRON,
'EA=N DE MH, DEDESQAI "EW$ 'AN4 'EKTEISHI6 'H= PEISHI6 TON KATADIKASAMENON.
<P 857B>
'EA=N DE TI$ 'OFLHI6 KLOPH$ DHMOSIA\ DIKHN, PEISA$ THN
POLIN 'H= TO KLEMMA 'EKTEISA$ DIPLOUN, 'APALLATTESQW TWN
DESMWN.
KL _ PW*$ DH LEGOMEN, 'W* XENE, MHDEN DIAFEREIN TW*I
KLEPTONTI MEGA 'H= SMIKRON "UFELOMENWI, KAI 'EX "IERWN 'H= "OSIWN,
KAI "OSA 'A=LLA 'ESTIN PERI= KLOPHN PASAN 'ANOMOIOTHTA 'ECONTA,
"OI$ DEI POIKILOI$ 'OUSIN "EPESQAI TON NOMOQETHN MHDEN "OMOIAI$
ZHMIAI$ ZHMIOUNTA:
AQ _ 'ARIST', 'W* KLEINIA; SCEDON TOI ME "WSPER FEROMENON
<P 857C>
'ANTIKROUSA$ 'ANHGEIRA$, 'ENNENOHKOTA DE-KAI PROTERON
"UPEMNHSA$ "OTI4 TA PERI= THN TWN NOMWN QESIN 'OUDENI TROPWI
PWPOTE GEGONEN0 'ORQW$ DIAPEPONHMENA, "W$ GE 'EN TW*I NU*N
PARAPEPTWKOTI LEGEIN. PW*$ D' 'AU KAI TOUTO LEGOMEN: 'OU
KAKW$ 'APHIKASAMEN, "OTE DOULOI$ "W$ 'IATREUOMENOI$ "UPO DOULWN
'APHIKAZOMEN PANTA$ TOU$ NU*N NOMOQETOUMENOU$. 'EU GAR 'EPISTASQAI
DEI TO TOIONDE, "W$ 'EI KATALABOI POTE TI$ 'IATRO$
TWN TAI$ 'EMPEIRIAI$ 'ANEU LOGOU THN 'IATRIKHN METACEIRIZOMENWN
<P 857D>
'ELEUQERON 'ELEUQERWI NOSOUNTI DIALEGOMENON 'IATRON, KAI
TOU* FILOSOFEIN 'EGGU$ CRWMENON MEN TOI$ LOGOI$, 'EX 'ARCH$
TE "APTOMENON TOU* NOSHMATO$, PERI= FUSEW$ PASH$ 'EPANIONTA
TH$ TWN SWMATWN, TACU KAI SFO=DRA GELASEIEN 'AN4 KAI 'OUK
'AN4 'ALLOU$ 'EIPOI LOGOU$ 'H= TOU$ PERI= TA TOIAUT' 'AEI PROCEIROU$
'ONTA$ TOI$ PLEISTOI$ LEGOMENOI$ 'IATROI$; FAIH GAR 'AN4 'W*
MWRE, 'OUK 'IATREUEI$ TON NOSOUNTA 'ALLA= SCEDON PAIDEUEI$,
<P 857E>
"W$ 'IATRON 'ALL' 'OUC "UGIH DEOMENON GIGNESQAI.
KL _ 'OUKOU*N LEGWN TA TOIAUTA 'ORQW$ 'AN4 LEGOI:
AQ _ TAC' 'AN4, 'EI PROSDIANOOITO GE "W$ "OSTI$ PERI= NOMWN
"OUTW DIEXERCETAI, KAQAPER "HMEI$ TA NU*N, PAIDEUEI0 TOU$
POLITA$ 'ALL' 'OU NOMOQETEI0. 'A*R'-'OUN-'OU-KAI TOUT' 'AN4 PRO$
TROPOU LEGEIN FAINOITO:
KL _ 'ISW$.
AQ _ 'EUTUCE$ DE "HMWN TO PARON GEGONEN0.
KL _ TO POI*ON DH:
AQ _ TO MHDEMIAN 'ANAGKHN 'EINAI NOMOQETEIN, 'ALL' 'AUTOU$


<P 858A>
'EN SKEYEI GENOMENOU$ PERI= PASH$ POLITEIA$ PEIRASQAI
KATIDEIN TO TE 'ARISTON KAI TO 'ANAGKAIOTATON, TI=NA TROPON
'AN4 GIGNOMENON GIGNOITO. KAI-DH-KAI TO NU*N 'EXESTIN "HMIN,
"W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'EI MEN BOULOMEQA, TO BELTISTON SKOPEIN, 'EI DE
BOULOMEQA, TO 'ANAGKAIOTATON PERI= NOMWN; "AIRWMEQA 'OUN
POTERON DOKEI0.
KL _ GELOIAN, 'W* XENE, PROTIQEMEQA THN "AIRESIN, KAI
'ATECNW$ "WSPER KATECOMENOI$ NOMOQETAI$ "OMOIOI GIGNOIMEQ'
<P 858B>
'AN4 "UPO MEGALH$ TINO$ 'ANAGKH$ 'HDH NOMOQETEIN, "W$ 'OUKET'
'EXON 'EI$ 'AURION; "HMIN D' % 'EIPEIN SUN QEWI % 'EXESTI, KAQAPER 'H=
LIQOLOGOI$ 'H=-KAI TINO$ "ETERA$ 'ARCOMENOI$ SUSTASEW$, PARAFORHSASQAI
CUDHN 'EX "WN 'EKLEXOMEQA TA PROSFORA THI
MELLOUSHI GENHSESQAI SUSTASEI, KAI-DH-KAI KATA SCOLHN
'EKLEXASQAI. TIQWMEN 'OUN "HMA$ NU*N 'EINAI MH TOU$ 'EX 'ANAGKH$
'OIKODOMOUNTA$, 'ALLA= TOU$ 'EPI SCOLH$ 'ETI TA MEN PARATIQEMENOU$,
TA DE SUNISTANTA$; "WSTE 'ORQW$ 'ECEI0 TA MEN 'HDH TWN
<P 858C>
NOMWN LEGEIN "W$ TIQEMENA, TA D' "W$ PARATIQEMENA.
AQ _ GENOITO GOUN 'AN4, 'W* KLEINIA, KATA FUSIN MALLON
"HMIN "H SUNOYI$ TWN NOMWN. 'IDWMEN GAR-'OUN, 'W* PRO$ QEWN,
TO TOIONDE PERI= NOMOQETWN.
KL _ TO POI*ON DH:
AQ _ GRAMMATA MEN-POU-KAI 'EN GRAMMASIN LOGOI KAI
'ALLWN 'EISI POLLWN 'EN TAI$ POLESIN GEGRAMMENOI, GRAMMATA
DE-KAI TA TOU* NOMOQETOU KAI LOGOI.
KL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ _ POTERON 'OUN TOI$ MEN TWN 'ALLWN SUGGRAMMASIN,
<P 858D>
POIHTWN KAI "OSOI 'ANEU METRWN KAI META METRWN THN "AUTWN
'EI$ MNHMHN SUMBOULHN PERI= BIOU KATEQENTO SUGGRAYANTE$,
PROSECWMEN TON NOUN, TOI$ DE TWN NOMOQETWN MH PROSECWMEN:
'H= PANTWN MALISTA:
KL _ POLU GE.
AQ _ 'ALLA=-DHTA 'OU CRH TON NOMOQETHN MONON TWN GRAFONTWN0
PERI= KALWN KAI 'AGAQWN KAI DIKAIWN SUMBOULEUEIN,
DIDASKONTA "OI*A TE 'ESTI KAI "W$ 'EPITHDEUTEON 'AUTA TOI$
MELLOUSIN4 'EUDAIMOSIN 'ESESQAI:
KL _ KAI PW*$ 'OU=:
<P 858E>
AQ _ 'ALLA= 'AISCRON DH MALLON "OMHRWI TE-KAI TURTAIWI
KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ POIHTAI$ PERI= BIOU TE-KAI 'EPITHDEUMATWN
KAKW$ QESQAI GRAYANTA$, LUKOURGWI DE "HTTON KAI SOLWNI
KAI "OSOI DH NOMOQETAI GENOMENOI GRAMMATA 'EGRAYAN: 'H= TO
GE 'ORQON, PANTWN DEI GRAMMATWN TWN 'EN TAI$ POLESI TA PERI=
TOU$ NOMOU$ GEGRAMMENA FAINESQAI DIAPTUTTOMENA MAKRWI
KALLISTA TE-KAI 'ARISTA, TA DE TWN 'ALLWN 'H= KAT' 'EKEINA


<P 859A>
SUNEPOMENA, 'H= DIAFWNOUNTA 'AUTOI$ 'EINAI KATAGELASTA: "OUTW
DIANOWMEQA PERI= NOMWN DEIN GRAFH$ GIGNESQAI TAI$ POLESIN,
'EN PATRO$ TE-KAI MHTRO$ SCHMASI FILOUNTWN0 TE-KAI NOUN
'ECONTWN0 FAINESQAI TA GEGRAMMENA, 'H= KATA TURANNON KAI
DESPOTHN TAXANTA KAI 'APEILHSANTA GRAYANTA 'EN TOICOI$
'APHLLACQAI: SKOPWMEN 'OUN-DH-KAI TA NU*N "HMEI$ PO=TERA
TAUTHI PEIRWMEQA2 LEGEIN DIANOHQENTE$ PERI= NOMWN, 'EI=T'-'OUN
<P 859B>
DUNAMEQA 'EI=TE MH, 'ALL'-'OUN TO GE PROQUMON PARECOMENOI;
KAI KATA TAUTHN THN "ODON 'IONTE$, 'AN2 'A=RA TI KAI DEHI5 PASCEIN,
PASCWMEN. 'AGAQON D' 'EIH TE-KAI 'AN2 QEO$ 'EQELHI5 GIGNOIT'
'AN4 TAUTHI.
KL _ KALW$ 'EIRHKA$, POIWMEN TE "W$ LEGEI$.
AQ _ DIASKEPTEON 'A=RA PRWTON, "WSPER 'EPECEIRHSAMEN,
'AKRIBW$ TON PERI= TWN TE "IEROSULOUNTWN0 KAI KLOPH$ PASH$
PE=RI KAI 'ADIKHMATWN SUMPANTWN, KAI 'OU DUSCERANTEON 'EI
<P 859C>
METAXU NOMOQETOUNTE$ TA MEN 'EQEMEN, TWN D' 'ETI DIASKOPOUMEN
PE=RI; NOMOQETAI GAR GIGNOMEQA 'ALL' 'OUK 'ESMEN PW, TACA DE
'ISW$ 'AN4 GENOIMEQA. 'EI DH DOKEI0 PERI= "WN 'EIRHKA "W$ 'EIRHKA
SKOPEISQAI, SKOPWMEQA.
KL _ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ PERI= DH KALWN KAI DIKAIWN SUMPANTWN PEIRWMEQA2
KATIDEIN TO TOIONDE, "OPHI POTE "OMOLOGOUMEN NU*N KAI "OPHI
DIAFEROMEQA "HMEI$ TE "HMIN-'AUTOI$, "OI=4 DH FAIMEN 'AN4 PROQUMEISQAI
GE, 'EI MHDEN 'ALLO, DIAFEREIN TWN PLEISTWN, "OI POLLOI
<P 859D>
TE 'AUTOI PRO$ "AUTOU$ 'AU.
KL _ TA$ POI=A$ DE-DH DIAFORA$ "HMWN 'ENNOHQEI$ LEGEI$:
AQ _ 'EGW PEIRASOMAI FRAZEIN. PERI= DIKAIOSUNH$ "OLW$
KAI TWN DIKAIWN 'ANQRWPWN TE-KAI PRAGMATWN KAI PRAXEWN
PANTE$ PW$ SUNOMOLOGOUMEN PANTA 'EINAI TAUTA KALA, "WSTE
'OUD' 'EI TI$ DIISCURIZOITO 'EINAI TOU$ DIKAIOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$,
'AN2 KAI TUGCANWSIN 'ONTE$ 'AISCROI TA SWMATA, KAT' 'AUTO GE
TO DIKAIOTATON 'HQO$ TAUTHI PAGKALOU$ 'EINAI, SCEDON 'OUDEI$ 'AN4
<P 859E>
LEGWN "OUTW PLHMMELW$ DOXEIE LEGEIN.
KL _ 'OUKOU*N 'ORQW$:
AQ _ 'ISW$; 'IDWMEN DE "W$, 'EI PANT' 'ESTIN KALA "OSA DIKAIOSUNH$
'ECETAI, TWN PANTWN TOI-KAI TA PAQHMATA "HMIN
'ESTIN SCEDON TOI$ POIHMASIN 'ISA.
KL _ TI= 'OUN-DH:
AQ _ POIHMA MEN, "OPER 'AN4 'HI DIKAION, SCEDON "OSONPER
'AN4 TOU* DIKAIOU KOINWNHI5, KATA TOSOUTON KAI TOU* KALOU
METECON 'ESTI.
KL _ TI= MHN:
AQ _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI PAQO$ "OPER 'AN4 DIKAIOU KOINWNHI5, KATA


<P 860A>
TOSOUTON GIGNESQAI KALON "OMOLOGOUMENON, 'OUK 'AN4 DIAFWNOUNTA
PARECOI TON LOGON:
KL _ 'ALHQH.
AQ _ 'EA=N DE-GE DIKAION MEN "OMOLOGWMEN, 'AISCRON DE 'EINAI
PAQO$, DIAFWNHSEI2 TO TE DIKAION KAI TO KALON, LECQENTWN5
TWN DIKAIWN 'AISCISTWN 'EINAI.
KL _ PW*$ TOUTO 'EIRHKA$:
AQ _ 'OUDEN CALEPON 'ENNOEIN; "OI GAR 'OLIGWI PROSQEN
TEQENTE$ "HMIN NOMOI PANTWN 'ENANTIWTATA PARAGGELLEIN
DOXEIAN 'AN4 TOI$ NU*N LEGOMENOI$.
KL _ POI=OI$:
<P 860B>
AQ _ TON "IEROSULON POU 'ETIQEMEN DIKAIW$ 'AN4 'APOQNHISKEIN
KAI TON TWN 'EU KEIMENWN NOMWN POLEMION, KAI MELLONTE$ DH
NOMIMA TOIAUTA TIQENAI PAMPOLLA 'EPESCOMEN, 'IDONTE$ "W$
TAUTA 'ESTIN MEN 'APEIRA PAQHMATA PLHQEI KAI MEGEQESIN,
DIKAIOTATA DE PANTWN PAQHMATWN KAI SUMPANTWN 'AISCISTA.
MWN 'OUC "OUTW$ "HMIN TA TE DI=KAIA KAI TA KALA TOTE= MEN "W$
'TAUTA SUMPANTA, TOTE= DE "W$ 'ENANTIWTATA FANEITAI:
KL _ KINDUNEUEI0.
<P 860C>
AQ _ TOI$ MEN-TOINUN POLLOI$ "OUTW PERI= TA TOIAUTA 'ASUMFWNW$
TA KALA KAI TA DI=KAIA DIERRIMMENA PROSAGOREUETAI.
KL _ FAINETAI GOUN, 'W* XENE.
AQ _ TO TOINUN "HMETERON, 'W* KLEINIA, PALIN 'IDWMEN PW*$
'AU PERI= 'AUTA TAUTA 'ECEI0 TH$ SUMFWNIA$.
KL _ POI=A$ DH PRO$ POI=AN:
AQ _ 'EN TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN LOGOI$ 'OIMAI DIARRHDHN 'EME
'EIRHKENAI PW$, 'EI D'-'OUN MH PROTERON, 'ALLA= NU*N "W$ LEGONTA
TIQETE3 %
KL _ TO POI*ON:
<P 860D>
AQ _ "W$ "OI KAKOI PANTE$ 'EI$ PANTA 'EISIN 'AKONTE$ KAKOI;
TOUTOU DE "OUTW$ 'ECONTO$, 'ANAGKH POU TOUTWI SUNEPESQAI TON
"EXH$ LOGON.
KL _ TI=NA LEGEI$:
AQ _ "W$ "O MEN 'ADIKO$ POU KAKO$, "O DE KAKO$ 'AKWN TOIOUTO$.
'AKOUSIW$ DE "EKOUSION 'OUK 'ECEI0 PRATTESQAI POTE LOGON; 'AKWN
'OUN 'EKEINWI FAINOIT' 'AN4 'ADIKEIN "O 'ADIKWN TW*I THN 'ADIKIAN
'AKOUSION TIQEMENWI, KAI-DH-KAI NU*N "OMOLOGHTEON 'EMOI4;
SUMFHMI GAR 'AKONTA$ 'ADIKEIN PANTA$ % 'EI KAI TI$ FILONIKIA$
<P 860E>
'H= FILOTIMIA$ "ENEKA 'AKONTA$ MEN 'ADIKOU$ 'EINAI FHSIN, 'ADIKEIN
MHN "EKONTA$ POLLOU$, "O G' 'EMO$ LOGO$ 'EKEINO$ 'ALL' 'OUC
"OUTO$ % TI=NA 'OUN 'AU TROPON 'EGWGE SUMFWNOIHN 'AN4 TOI$
'EMAUTOU LOGOI$: 'EI ME, 'W* KLEINIA KAI MEGILLE, 'ERWTWITE;
'EI DH TAUTA "OUTW$ 'ECONTA 'ESTIN, 'W* XENE, TI= SUMBOULEUEI$
"HMIN PERI= TH$ NOMOQESIA$ THI TWN MAGNHTWN POLEI: POTERON
NOMOQETEIN 'H= MH: PW*$ GAR 'OU=: FHSW2. DIORIEI$ 'OUN
'AUTOI$ 'AKOU=SIA TE-KAI "EKOU=SIA 'ADIKHMATA, KAI TWN MEN
"EKOUSIWN "AMARTHMATWN TE-KAI 'ADIKHMATWN MEIZOU$ TA$ ZHMIA$


<P 861A>
QHSOMEN, TWN D' 'ELATTOU$: 'H= PANTWN 'EX 'ISH$, "W$ 'OUK 'ONTWN0
'ADIKHMATWN TO PARAPAN "EKOUSIWN:
KL _ 'ORQW$ MENTOI LEGEI$, 'W* XENE; KAI TOUTOI$ DH TI=
CRHSOMEQA TOI$ NU*N LEGOMENOI$:
AQ _ KALW$ 'HROU. PRWTON MEN-TOINUN 'AUTOI$ TODE
CRHSWMEQA.
KL _ TO POI*ON:
AQ _ 'ANAMNHSQWMEN "W$ 'EMPROSQEN NUNDH KALW$ 'ELEGOMEN
"OTI4 PERI= TA DI=KAIA 'EIH PAMPOLLH TI$ "HMWN TARACH TE-KAI
'ASUMFWNIA. TOUTO DE LABONTE$ PALIN 'ERWTWMEN2 "HMA$-'AUTOU$;
<P 861B>
'A*R'-'OUN PERI= THN TOUTWN 'APORIAN 'OUT' 'EXEUPORHSANTE$
'OUTE DIORISAMENOI TI= POT' 'ESTIN TAUTA 'ALLHLWN
DIAFERONTA, "A DH KATA PASA$ TA$ POLEI$ "UPO NOMOQETWN
PANTWN TWN PWPOTE GENOMENWN "W$ DUO 'EIDH TWN 'ADIKHMATWN
'ONTA, TA MEN "EKOU=SIA, TA DE 'AKOU=SIA, TAUTHI KAI NOMOQETEITAI;
"O DE PAR' "HMWN NUNDH "RHQEI$ LOGO$, "WSPER PARA QEOU LECQEI$,
TOSOUTON MONON 'EIPWN 'APALLAXETAI, DOU$ DE 'OUDENA LOGON "W$
<P 861C>
'ORQW$ 'EIRHKEN0, KATANOMOQETHSEI2 TINA TROPON: 'OUK 'ESTIN2,
'ALLA= 'ANAGKH PW$ TAUTA 'EMPROSQEN TOU* NOMOQETEIN DHLWSAI0
DUO TE 'ONTA KAI THN DIAFORAN 'ALLHN, "INA, "OTAN "EKATERWI
TI$ THN DIKHN 'EPITIQHI5, PA$ 'EPAKOLOUQHI5 TOI$ LEGOMENOI$ KAI
DUNATO$ 'HI TO TE PREPONTW$ TEQEN "AMHI GE PHI KRINAI0 KAI
TO MH.
KL _ KALW$ "HMIN FAINHI0 LEGEIN, 'W* XENE; DUOIN GAR QATERON
"HMA$ CREWN, 'H= MH LEGEIN "W$ PANTA 'AKOU=SIA TA 'ADIKHMATA, 'H=
<P 861D>
TOUTO "W$ 'ORQW$ 'EIRHTAI PRWTON DIORISANTA$ DHLWSAI0.
AQ _ TOUTOIN TOINUN TOIN DUOIN TO MEN 'OUK 'ANEKTON 'EMOI4
PANTW$ POU GIGNESQAI, TO GE-DH MH LEGEIN, "OUTW$ 'OIOMENON
'ECEIN 'TALHQE$ % 'OU-GAR 'AN4 NOMIMON 'OUD' "OSION 'AN4 'EIH % KATA
TI=NA DE TROPON 'ESTON0 DUO, 'EI MH TW*I TE 'AKOUSIWI KAI TW*I
"EKOUSIWI DIAFERETON0 "EKATERON: 'ALLA= 'ALLWI TINI DH POTE
PEIRATEON "AMW$ GE PW$ DHLOUN0.
KL _ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN, 'W* XENE, TOUTO GE 'OUC "OION-TE
'ALLW$ PW$ "HMA$ DIANOHQHNAI.
<P 861E>
AQ _ TAUTA 'ESTAI. FERE DH, BLABAI MEN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0,
'ALLHLWN TWN POLITWN 'EN TAI$ KOINWNIAI$ TE-KAI "OMILIAI$
POLLAI GIGNONTAI, KAI TO GE "EKOUSION TE-KAI 'AKOUSION 'EN
'AUTAI$ 'AFQONON 'ESTI.
KL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ _ MH-TOINUN TI$ TA$ BLABA$ PASA$ 'ADIKIA$ TIQEI=$,
"OUTW$ 'OIHTAI KAI TA 'ADIKA 'EN 'AUTAISI TAUTHI GIGNESQAI DIPLA,
TA MEN "EKOU=SIA DH, TA D' 'AKOU=SIA % BLABAI GAR 'AKOUSIOI
TWN PANTWN 'OUT' 'ARIQMOI$ 'OUTE MEGEQESIN 'ELATTOU$ 'EISI TWN


<P 862A>
"EKOUSIWN % SKOPEISQE3 DE-'EI=TE TI LEGW0 LEGWN "A MELLW0 LEGEIN,
'EI=TE-KAI MHDEN TO PARAPAN. 'OU-GAR FHMI 'EGWGE, 'W* KLEINIA
KAI MEGILLE, 'EI TI$ TINA TI PHMAINEI0 MH BOULOMENO$ 'ALL'
'AKWN, 'ADIKEIN MEN, 'AKONTA MHN, KAI TAUTHI MEN-DH NOMOQETHSW2,
TOUTO "W$ 'AKOUSION 'ADIKHMA NOMOQETWN, 'ALL'-'OUDE 'ADIKIAN TO
PARAPAN QHSW2 THN TOIAUTHN BLABHN, 'OUTE 'AN2 MEIZWN 'OUTE
'AN2 'ELATTWN TWI GIGNHTAI; POLLAKI$ DE 'WFELIAN 'OUK 'ORQHN
GENOMENHN TON TH$ 'WFELIA$ 'AITION 'ADIKEIN FHSOMEN, 'EA=N "H G'
<P 862B>
'EMH NIKA*I2. SCEDON GAR, 'W* FILOI, 'OUT' 'EI TI$ TWI DIDWSIN0 TI TWN
'ONTWN0 'OUT' 'EI 'TOUNANTION 'AFAIREITAI, DIKAION "APLW$ 'H= 'ADIKON
CRH TO TOIOUTON "OUTW LEGEIN, 'ALL' 'EA=N 'HQEI KAI DIKAIWI TROPWI
CRWMENO$ TI$ 'WFELHI5 TINA TI KAI BLAPTHI5, TOUTO 'ESTIN TW*I
NOMOQETHI QEATEON, KAI PRO$ DUO TAUTA DH BLEPTEON, PRO$ TE
'ADIKIAN KAI BLABHN, KAI TO MEN BLABEN "UGIE$ TOI$ NOMOI$
'EI$ TO DUNATON POIHTEON, TO TE 'APOLOMENON SWIZONTA KAI TO
<P 862C>
PESON "UPO TOU PALIN 'EXORQOUNTA, KAI TO QANATWQEN 'H= TRWQEN,
"UGIE$, TO DE 'APOINOI$ 'EXILASQEN TOI$ DRWSI4 KAI PASCOUSIN4
"EKASTA$ TWN BLAYEWN, 'EK DIAFORA$ 'EI$ FILIAN PEIRATEON 'AEI
KAQISTANAI TOI$ NOMOI$.
KL _ KALW$ TAUTA GE.
AQ _ TA$ TOINUN 'ADIKOU$ 'AU BLABA$ KAI KERDH DE, 'EA=N TI$
'ADIKWN TINA KERDAINEIN POIHI5, TOUTWN "OPOSA MEN 'IATA, "W$
'OUSWN 'EN YUCHI NOSWN, 'IASQAI; TO DE TH$ 'IASEW$ "HMIN TH$
'ADIKIA$ THIDE "REPEIN CRH FANAI.
KL _ PH*I:
<P 862D>
AQ _ "OPW$ "OTI2 TI$ 'AN4 'ADIKHSHI6 MEGA 'H= SMIKRON, "O NOMO$
'AUTON DIDAXEI2 KAI 'ANAGKASEI2 TO PARAPAN 'EI$ 'AUQI$ TO TOIOUTON
'H= MHDEPOTE "EKONTA TOLMHSAI0 POIEIN 'H= DIAFERONTW$ "HTTON
POLU, PRO$ THI TH$ BLABH$ 'EKTISEI. TAUTA 'EI=TE 'ERGOI$ 'H=
LOGOI$, 'H= MEQ' "HDONWN 'H= LUPWN, 'H= TIMWN 'H= 'ATIMIWN, KAI
CRHMATWN ZHMIA$ 'H=-KAI DWRWN, 'H=-KAI TO PARAPAN "WITINI
TROPWI POIHSEI2 TI$ MISHSAI0 MEN THN 'ADIKIAN, STERXAI0 DE 'H=
MH MISEIN THN TOU* DIKAIOU FUSIN, 'AUTO 'ESTIN TOUTO 'ERGON
<P 862E>
TWN KALLISTWN NOMWN. "ON D' 'AN4 'ANIATW$ 'EI$ TAUTA 'ECONTA
'AISQHTAI NOMOQETH$, DIKHN TOUTOISI KAI NOMON QHSEI2 TI=NA:
GIGNWSKWN POU TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ PASIN "W$ 'OUTE 'AUTOI$ 'ETI ZHN
'AMEINON, TOU$ TE 'ALLOU$ 'AN4 DIPLHI 'WFELOIEN 'APALLATTOMENOI
TOU* BIOU, PARADEIGMA MEN TOU* MH 'ADIKEIN TOI$ 'ALLOI$ GENOMENOI,
POIOUNTE$ DE 'ANDRWN KAKWN 'ERHMON THN POLIN, "OUTW


<P 863A>
DH TWN TOIOUTWN PE=RI NOMOQETHI KOLASTHN TWN "AMARTHMATWN
QANATON 'ANAGKH NEMEIN0, 'ALLW$ DE 'OUDAMW$.
KL _ 'EOIKE0 MEN PW$ LEGESQAI TA PARA SOU4 KAI MALA
METRIW$, "HDION D' 'AN4 'ETI SAFESTERON 'AKOUSAIMEN TAUTA
"RHQENTA, TO TH$ 'ADIKIA$ TE-KAI BLABH$ DIAFORON KAI TO TWN
"EKOUSIWN KAI 'AKOUSIWN "W$ 'EN TOUTOI$ DIAPEPOIKILTAI.
AQ _ PEIRATEON TOINUN "W$ KELEUETE0 DRAN, KAI LEGEIN.
<P 863B>
DHLON GAR "OTI4 TOSONDE GE PERI= YUCH$ KAI LEGETE0 PRO$
'ALLHLOU$ KAI 'AKOUETE0, "W$ "EN MEN 'EN 'AUTHI TH$ FUSEW$ 'EI=TE
TI PAQO$ 'EI=TE TI MERO$ 'WN "O QUMO$, DUSERI KAI DUSMACON
KTHMA 'EMPEFUKO$, 'ALOGISTWI BIA\ POLLA 'ANATREPEI0.
KL _ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
AQ _ KAI-MHN "HDONHN GE 'OU 'TAUTON TW*I QUMWI PROSAGOREUOMEN,
'EX 'ENANTIA$ DE 'AUTWI FAMEN "RWMH$ DUNASTEUOUSAN,
PEIQOI* META 'APATH$ BIAIOU PRATTEIN PAN "OTIPER2 'AN4 'AUTH$ "H
BOULHSI$ 'EQELHSHI6.
KL _ KAI MALA.
<P 863C>
AQ _ TRITON MHN 'AGNOIAN LEGWN 'AN4 TI$ TWN "AMARTHMATWN
'AITIAN 'OUK 'AN4 YEUDOITO; DICHI MHN DIELOMENO$ 'AUTO "O NOMOQETH$
'AN4 BELTIWN 'EIH, TO MEN "APLOUN 'AUTOU4 KOUFWN "AMARTHMATWN
'AITION "HGOUMENO$, TO DE DIPLOUN, "OTAN 'AMAQAINHI5 TI$
MH MONON 'AGNOIA\ SUNECOMENO$ 'ALLA=-KAI DOXHI SOFIA$, "W$
'EIDW$ PANTELW$ PERI= "A MHDAMW$ 'OIDEN, META MEN 'ISCUO$ KAI
"RWMH$ "EPOMENH$ MEGALWN KAI 'AMOUSWN "AMARTHMATWN TIQEI=$
<P 863D>
'AI=TIA TA TOIAUTA, 'ASQENEIA$ DE "EPOMENH$, PAI=DEIA TE "AMARTHMATA
KAI PRESBUTERWN GIGNOMENA QHSEI2 MEN "AMARTHMATA KAI
"W$ "AMARTANOUSIN4 NOMOU$ TAXEI2, PRA\OTATOU$ GE-MHN PANTWN
KAI SUGGNWMH$ PLEISTH$ 'ECOMENOU$.
KL _ 'EIKOTA LEGEI$.
AQ _ "HDONH$ MEN-TOINUN-KAI QUMOU LEGOMEN SCEDON
"APANTE$ "W$ "O MEN KREITTWN "HMWN, "O DE "HTTWN 'ESTIN; KAI
'ECEI0 TAUTHI.
KL _ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ 'AGNOIA$ DE-GE "W$ "O MEN "HMWN KREITTWN, "O DE "HTTWN,
'OUK 'HKOUSAMEN PWPOTE.
<P 863E>
KL _ 'ALHQESTATA.
AQ _ PANTA DE-GE PROTREPEIN TAUTA FAMEN 'EI$ THN "AUTOU
BOULHSIN 'EPISPWMENON "EKASTON 'EI$ 'TANANTIA POLLAKI$ "AMA.
KL _ PLEISTAKI$ MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ NU*N DH SOI4 TO TE DIKAION KAI TO 'ADIKON, "O= GE 'EGW
LEGW0, SAFW$ 'AN4 DIORISAIMHN 'OUDEN POIKILLWN. THN GAR TOU*
QUMOU KAI FOBOU KAI "HDONH$ KAI LUPH$ KAI FQONWN KAI 'EPIQUMIWN
'EN YUCHI TURANNIDA, 'EANTE TI BLAPTHI5 KAI 'EA=N MH,


<P 864A>
PANTW$ 'ADIKIAN PROSAGOREUW0. THN DE TOU* 'ARISTOU DOXAN,
"OPHIPER 'AN4 'ESESQAI TOUTWN "HGHSWNTAI POLI$ 'EI=TE 'IDIWTAI
TINE$, 'EA=N "AU=TH KRATOUSA 'EN YUCAI$ DIAKOSMHI5 PANTA 'ANDRA,
'KAN2 SFALLHTAI TI, DIKAION MEN PAN 'EINAI FATEON TO TAUTHI
PRACQEN KAI TO TH$ TOIAUTH$ 'ARCH$ GIGNOMENON "UPHKOON
"EKASTWN, KAI 'EPI TON "APANTA 'ANQRWPWN BION 'ARISTON, DOXAZESQAI
DE "UPO POLLWN 'AKOUSION 'ADIKIAN 'EINAI THN TOIAUTHN
BLABHN. "HMIN DE 'OUK 'ESTIN TA NU*N 'ONOMATWN PE=RI DUSERI$
<P 864B>
LOGO$, 'ALL' 'EPEIDH TWN "AMARTANOMENWN TRIA 'EIDH DEDHLWTAI
GIGNOMENA, TAUTA 'EI$ MNHMHN PRWTON 'ETI MALLON 'ANALHPTEON.
LUPH$ MEN-'OUN, "HN QUMON KAI FOBON 'EPONOMAZOMEN, "EN 'EIDO$
"HMIN 'ESTIN.
KL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ "HDONH$ D' 'AU KAI 'EPIQUMIWN DEUTERON, 'ELPIDWN DE-KAI
DOXH$ TH$ 'ALHQOU$ PERI= TO 'ARISTON 'EFESI$ TRITON "ETERON.
TOUTOU DE 'AUTOU4 TRIA DICHI TMHQENTO$ PENTE 'EIDH GEGONEN0, "W$
<P 864C>
NU*N FAMEN; "OI$ NOMOU$ DIAFERONTA$ 'ALLHLWN PENTE 'EIDESIN
QETEON 'EN DUOIN GENESIN.
KL _ TI=SIN TOUTOI$:
AQ _ TO MEN DIA= BIAIWN KAI SUMFANWN PRAXEWN PRATTOMENON
"EKASTOTE, TO DE META SKOTOU$ KAI 'APATH$ LAQRAIW$
GIGNOMENON, 'ESTIN D' "OTE KAI DI' 'AMFOIN TOUTOIN PRACQEN;
"WI DH-KAI NOMOI TRACUTATOI GIGNOINTO 'AN4, 'EI TO PROSHKON0
MERO$ 'ECOIEN.
KL _ 'EIKO$ GOUN.
AQ _ 'IWMEN DH TA META TAUTA 'EKEISE "OPOQEN 'EXEBHMEN
DEURO, PERAINONTE$ THN QESIN TWN NOMWN. 'H*N DE "HMIN
<P 864D>
KEIMENA PERI= TE TWN SULWNTWN0, 'OIMAI, TOU$ QEOU$ KAI TA
PERI= PRODOTWN, 'ETI DE TWN TOU$ NOMOU$ DIAFQEIRONTWN0 'EPI
KATALUSEI TH$ PAROUSH$ POLITEIA$. TOUTWN DH TI$ 'AN4 'ISW$
PRAXEIEN TI MANEI$, 'H= NOSOI$ 'H= GHRA\ "UPERMETRWI SUNECOMENO$,
'H= PAIDIA\ CRWMENO$, 'OUDEN PW TWN TOIOUTWN DIAFERWN; "WN
'AN2 GIGNHTAI TI FANERON TOI$ 'EKLECQEISIN "EKASTOTE DIKASTAI$,
'ANAFERONTO$ TOU* DRASANTO$ 'H= TOU* SKHPTOMENOU "UPER TOU*
<P 864E>
POIHSANTO$, KRIQHI DE "OUTW DIATEQEI$ PARANOMHSAI0, THN MEN
BLABHN "HN 'AN4 TINA KATABLAYHI6 PANTW$ "APLHN 'APOTINETW, TWN
DE 'ALLWN DIKAIWMATWN 'AFEISQW, PLHN 'AN2 'A=RA TINA 'APOKTEINA$
MH KAQARO$ 'HI TA$ CEIRA$ FONOU; "OUTW D' 'EI$ 'ALLHN CWRAN
KAI TOPON 'APELQWN 'OIKEITW TON 'ENIAUTON 'EKDHMWN, PROTERON
DE 'ELQWN TOU* CRONOU "ON "O NOMO$ "WRISEN, 'H=-KAI PASH$
'EPIBA$ TH$ 'OIKEIA$ CWRA$, 'EN DHMOSIWI DESMWI DEQEI$ "UPO
TWN NOMOFULAKWN DUO 'ENIAUTOU$, "OUTW$ 'APALLATTESQW TWN
DESMWN.


<P 865A>
FONOU DH KAQAPER 'HRXAMEQA, PEIRWMEQA2 DIA= TELOU$ PANTO$
'EIDOU$ PE=RI FONOU QEINAI0 TOU$ NOMOU$, KAI PRWTON MEN TA
BI=AIA KAI 'AKOU=SIA LEGWMEN. 'EI TI$ 'EN 'AGWNI KAI 'AQLOI$
DHMOSIOI$ 'AKWN, 'EI=TE PARACRHMA 'EI=TE-KAI 'EN "USTEROI$ CRONOI$
'EK TWN PLHGWN, 'APEKTEINEN TINA FILION, 'H= KATA POLEMON
"WSAUTW$ 'H= KATA MELETHN THN PRO$ POLEMON, POIOUMENWN
'ASKHSIN TWN8 'ARCONTWN80 YILOI$ SWMASIN 'H= META TINWN "OPLWN
<P 865B>
'APOMIMOUMENWN THN POLEMIKHN PRAXIN, KAQARQEI$ KATA TON 'EK
DELFWN KOMISQENTA PERI= TOUTWN NOMON 'ESTW KAQARO$; 'IATRWN
DE PE=RI PANTWN, 'AN2 "O QERAPEUOMENO$ "UP' 'AUTWN 'AKONTWN
TELEUTA*I2 KAQARO$ 'ESTW KATA NOMON. 'EA=N DE 'AUTOCEIR MEN,
'AKWN DE 'APOKTEINHI65 TI$ "ETERO$ "ETERON, 'EI=TE TW*I "EAUTOU SWMATI
YILWI 'EI=TE 'ORGANWI 'H= BELEI 'H= PWMATO$ 'H= SITOU DOSEI 'H= PURO$
'H= CEIMWNO$ PROSBOLHI 'H= STERHSEI PNEUMATO$, 'AUTO$ TW*I
<P 865C>
"EAUTOU SWMATI 'H= DI' "ETERWN SWMATWN, PANTW$ 'ESTW MEN "W$
'AUTOCEIR, DIKA$ DE TINETW TA$ TOIASDE; 'EA=N MEN DOULON
KTEINHI65, NOMIZWN TON "EAUTOU DIEIRGASQAI TON TOU* TELEUTHSANTO$
DESPOTHN 'ABLABH PARECETW KAI 'AZHMION, 'H= DIKHN 'EI$
THN 'AXIAN TOU* TELEUTHSANTO$ "UPECETW DIPLHN, TH$ DE 'AXIA$ "OI
DIKASTAI DIAGNWSIN POIEISQWSAN KAQARMOI$ DE CRHSASQAI
MEIZOSIN TE-KAI PLEIOSI TWN PERI= TA 'AQLA 'APOKTEINANTWN0,
<P 865D>
TOUTWN D' 'EXHGHTA$ 'EINAI KURIOU$ "OU$ 'AN4 "O QEO$ 'ANELHI6; 'EA=N
DE "AUTOU DOULON, KAQHRAMENO$ 'APALLATTESQW TOU* FONOU
KATA NOMON. 'EA=N DE TI$ 'ELEUQERON 'AKWN 'APOKTEINHI65, TOU$
MEN KAQARMOU$ TOU$ 'AUTOU$ KAQARQHTW TW*I TON DOULON
'APOKTEINANTI, PALAION DE TINA TWN 'ARCAIWN MUQWN LEGOMENON
MH 'ATIMAZETW. LEGETAI DE "W$ "O QANATWQEI$ 'A=RA
BIAIW$, 'EN 'ELEUQERWI FRONHMATI BEBIWKW$, QUMOUTAI TE TW*I
<P 865E>
DRASANTI NEOQNH$ 'WN, KAI FOBOU KAI DEIMATO$ "AMA DIA= THN
BIAION PAQHN 'AUTO$ PEPLHRWMENO$, "ORWN TE TON "EAUTOU FONEA
'EN TOI$ 'HQESI TOI$ TH$ "EAUTOU SUNHQEIA$ 'ANASTREFOMENON,
DEIMAINEI0, KAI TARATTOMENO$ 'AUTO$ TARATTEI0 KATA DUNAMIN
PASAN TON DRASANTA, MNHMHN SUMMACON 'ECWN, 'AUTON TE-KAI
TA$ PRAXEI$ 'AUTOU4. DIO DH CREWN 'ESTIN 'A=RA "UPEXELQEIN
TW*I PAQONTI TON DRASANTA TA$ "WRA$ PASA$ TOU* 'ENIAUTOU
KAI 'ERHMWSAI0 PANTA$ TOU$ 'OIKEIOU$ TOPOU$ SUMPASH$ TH$
PATRIDO$; 'EA=N DE XENO$ "O TELEUTHSA$ 'HI, KAI TH$ TOU* XENOU


<P 866A>
CWRA$ 'EIRGESQW TOU$ 'AUTOU$ CRONOU$. TOUTWI DH TW*I NOMWI
'EA=N MEN "EKWN PEIQHTAI TI$, "O TOU* TELEUTHSANTO$ GENEI
'EGGUTATA, 'EPISKOPO$ 'WN TOUTWN PANTWN GENOMENWN, 'ECETW
SUGGNWMHN TE-KAI 'AGWN PRO$ 'AUTON 'EIRHNHN METRIO$ 'AN4 'EIH
PANTW$; 'EA=N DE TI$ 'APEIQHI5 KAI PRWTON MEN 'AKAQARTO$ 'WN
'EI$ TA "IERA TOLMA*I2 POREUESQAI KAI QUEIN, 'ETI DE TOU$ CRONOU$
MH 'EQELHI5 PLHROUN0 'APOXENOUMENO$ TOU$ 'EIRHMENOU$, "O
<P 866B>
TOU* TELEUTHSANTO$ GENEI 'EGGUTATA 'EPEXITW MEN FONOU TW*I
KTEINANTI, DIPLA DE PANTA 'ESTW TA TIMWRHMATA TW*I 'OFLONTI.
'EA=N D' "O PROSHKWN 'EGGUTATA MH 'EPEXIHI5 TW*I PAQHMATI, TO
MIASMA "W$ 'EI$ 'AUTON PERIELHLUQO$, TOU* PAQONTO$ PROSTREPOMENOU
THN PAQHN, "O BOULOMENO$ 'EPEXELQWN TOUTWI DIKHN,
PENTE 'ETH 'APOSCESQAI TH$ "AUTOU PATRIDO$ 'ANAGKAZETW KATA
NOMON. 'EA=N DE XENO$ 'AKWN XENON KTEINHI65 TWN 'EN THI POLEI,
<P 866C>
'EPEXITW MEN "O BOULOMENO$ 'EPI TOI$ 'AUTOI$ NOMOI$, METOIKO$
DE 'WN 'APENIAUTHSATW, XENO$ DE 'AN2 'HI PANTAPASIN, PRO$ TW*I
KAQARMWI, 'EANTE XENON 'EANTE METOIKON 'EANTE 'ASTON KTEINHI65,
TON BION "APANTA TH$ CWRA$ TH$ TWN NOMWN TWNDE KURIA$
'EIRGESQW; 'EA=N D' 'ELQHI6 PARANOMW$, "OI NOMOFULAKE$ QANATWI
ZHMIOUNTWN3 'AUTON KAI 'EA=N 'ECHI5 'OUSIAN TINA, TW*I TOU* PAQONTO$
'EGGUTATA GENEI PARADIDONTWN2. 'EA=N DE 'AKWN 'ELQHI6, 'AN2 MEN
<P 866D>
KATA QALATTAN 'EKPIPTHI5 PRO$ THN CWRAN, SKHNHSAMENO$ 'EN
QALATTHI TEGGWN TOU$ PODA$ PLOUN 'EPIFULATTETW, KATA GHN
DE 'AN2 BIA\ "UPO TINWN 'ACQHI, "H PRWTH PROSTUCOUSA 'ARCH TWN
'EN THI POLEI LUSASA, 'EI$ THN "UPERORIAN 'EKPEMPETW 'ASULON.
'EA=N D'-'A=RA TI$ 'AUTOCEIR MEN KTEINHI65 'ELEUQERON, QUMWI DE 'HI TO
PEPRAGMENON 'EKPRACQEN, DICHI DEI PRWTON TO TOIOUTON DIALABEIN.
QUMWI GAR-DH PEPRAKTAI KAI TOI$ "OSOI 'AN4 'EXAIFNH$
<P 866E>
MEN-KAI 'APROBOULEUTW$ TOU* 'APOKTEINAI0 PLHGAI$ 'H= TINI TOIOUTWI
DIAFQEIRWSI TINA PARACRHMA TH$ "ORMH$ GENOMENH$, METAMELEIA
TE 'EUQU$ TOU* PEPRAGMENOU GIGNHTAI, QUMWI DE-KAI "OSOI
PROPHLAKISQENTE$ LOGOI$ 'H=-KAI 'ATIMOI$ 'ERGOI$, METADIWKONTE$
THN TIMWRIAN, "USTERON 'APOKTEINWSI TINA BOULHQENTE$ KTEINAI0
KAI TO PEPRAGMENON 'AUTOI$ 'AMETAMELHTON GIGNHTAI. DITTOU$
MEN-DH TOU$ FONOU$, "W$ 'EOIKE0, QETEON, KAI SCEDON 'AMFOTEROU$


<P 867A>
QUMWI GEGONOTA$, METAXU DE-POU TOU* TE "EKOUSIOU KAI 'AKOUSIOU
DIKAIOTAT' 'AN4 LEGOMENOU$. 'OU-MHN-'ALL' 'EIKWN 'ESQ' "EKATERO$;
"O MEN TON QUMON FULATTWN KAI 'OUK 'EK TOU* PARACRHMA 'EXAIFNH$
'ALLA= META 'EPIBOULH$ "USTERON CRONWI TIMWROUMENO$ "EKOUSIWI
'EOIKEN0, "O DE 'ATAMIEUTW$ TAI$ 'ORGAI$ KAI 'EK TOU* PARACRHMA
'EUQU$ CRWMENO$ 'APROBOULEUTW$ "OMOIO$ MEN 'AKOUSIWI, 'ESTI
DE-'OUD' "OUTO$ 'AU PANTAPASIN 'AKOUSIO$ 'ALL' 'EIKWN 'AKOUSIOU.
<P 867B>
DIO CALEPOI DIORIZEIN "OI TW*I QUMWI PRACQENTE$ FONOI,
POTERON "EKOUSIOU$ 'AUTOU$ 'H= TINA$ "W$ 'AKOUSIOU$ NOMOQETHTEON,
BELTISTON MHN-KAI 'ALHQESTATON 'EI$ 'EIKONA MEN 'AMFW QEINAI0,
TEMEIN2 DE 'AUTW CWRI$ THI 'EPIBOULHI KAI 'APROBOULIA\, KAI
TOI$ MEN MET' 'EPIBOULH$ TE-KAI 'ORGHI KTEINASIN TA$ TIMWRIA$
CALEPWTERA$, TOI$ DE 'APROBOULEUTW$ TE-KAI 'EXAIFNH$ PRA\OTERA$
NOMOQETEIN; TO GAR 'EIKO$ MEIZONI KAKWI MEIZONW$, TO
<P 867C>
D' 'ELATTONI TIMWRHTEON 'ELATTONW$. POIHTEON DH-KAI TOI$
"HMETEROI$ NOMOI$ "OUTW.
KL _ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ PALIN 'EPANELQONTE$ TOINUN LEGWMEN; 'AN2 'A=RA TI$
'AUTOCEIR MEN KTEINHI65 'ELEUQERON, TO DE PEPRAGMENON 'APROBOULEUTW$
'ORGHI TINI GENHTAI PRACQEN, TA MEN 'A=LLA, KAQAPER
'ANEU QUMOU KTEINANTI PROSHKEN2 TWI PASCEIN, PASCETW, DUO
D' 'EX 'ANAGKH$ 'ETH FEUGETW KOLAZWN TON "AUTOU QUMON. "O DE
<P 867D>
QUMWI MEN, MET' 'EPIBOULH$ DE KTEINA$ TA MEN 'A=LLA KATA TON
PROSQEN 'AU, TRIA DE 'ETH, KAQAPER "ATERO$ 'EFEUGEN TA DUO
FEUGETW, MEGEQEI QUMOU PLEIW TIMWRHQEI$ CRONON. KAQODOU
DE PE=RI TOUTOI$ "WDE 'ESTW. CALEPON MEN 'AKRIBW$ NOMOQETEIN;
'ESTI GAR "OTE TOUTOIN "O TW*I NOMWI TACQEI$ CALEPWTERO$ "HMERWTERO$
'AN4, "O DE "HMERWTERO$ CALEPWTERO$ 'AN4 'EIH, KAI TA PERI=
TON FONON 'AGRIWTERW$ 'AN4 PRAXEIEN, "O DE "HMERWTERW$; "W$
<P 867E>
DE TO POLU KATA TA NU*N 'EIRHMENA SUMBAINEI0 GIGNOMENA.
TOUTWN 'OUN PANTWN 'EPIGNWMONA$ 'EINAI CRH NOMOFULAKA$,
'EPEIDAN DE "O CRONO$ 'ELQHI6 TH$ FUGH$ "EKATERWI, PEMPEIN 'AUTWN
DIKASTA$ DWDEKA 'EPI TOU$ "OROU$ TH$ CWRA$, 'ESKEMMENOU$ 'EN
TW*I CRONWI TOUTWI TA$ TWN FUGONTWN3 PRAXEI$ 'ETI SAFESTERON,
KAI TH$ 'AIDOU$ TE PE=RI KAI KATADOCH$ TOUTWN DIKASTA$ GIGNESQAI,
TOU$ DE 'AU TOI$ DIKASQEISIN "UPO TWN TOIOUTWN


<P 868A>
'ARCONTWN0 'EMMENEIN0. 'EA=N D' 'AUQI$ POTE KATELQWN "OPOTERO$
'AUTOIN "HTTHQEI$ 'ORGHI PRAXHI6 'TAUTON TOUTO, FUGWN MHKETI
KATELQHI6, KATELQWN DE, KATA THN TOU* XENOU 'AFIXIN TAUTHI
PASCETW. DOULON D' "O KTEINA$ "EAUTOU MEN KAQHRASQW, 'EA=N
DE 'ALLOTRION QUMWI, DIPLHI TO BLABO$ 'EKTEISATW TW*I KEKTHMENWI.
"OSTI$ D' 'AN4 TWN 'APOKTEINANTWN0 PANTWN MH PEIQHTAI
TW*I NOMWI, 'ALL' 'AKAQARTO$ 'WN 'AGORAN TE-KAI 'AQLA KAI TA
<P 868B>
'A=LLA "IERA MIAINHI5, "O BOULOMENO$, TON TE 'EPITREPONTA TWN
PROSHKONTWN0 TW*I TELEUTHSANTI KAI TON 'APOKTEINANTA 'EI$
DIKHN KATASTHSA$, THN DIPLASIAN CRHMATWN TE-KAI TWN
'ALLWN PRAXEWN 'ANAGKAZETW PRATTEIN TE-KAI 'EKTINEIN, TO
DE 'EKTEISMA 'AUTO$ "AUTWI KOMIZESQW KATA TON NOMON. 'EA=N
DE TI$ QUMWI DOULO$ DESPOTHN "AUTOU KTEINHI65, TOU$ PROSHKONTA$
TOU* TELEUTHSANTO$ CRWMENOU$ TW*I KTEINANTI CREIAN "HN 'AN4
<P 868C>
'EQELWSI, PLHN MHDAMHI MHDAMW$ ZWGROUNTA$, KAQAROU$ 'EINAI;
'EA=N DE 'ALLO$ TI$ DOULO$ 'ELEUQERON 'APOKTEINHI65 QUMWI PARADIDONTWN2
"OI DESPOTAI TON DOULON TOI$ PROSHKOUSI4 TOU*
TELEUTHSANTO$, "OI DE 'EX 'ANAGKH$ MEN QANATWSANTWN2 TON
DRASANTA, TROPWI DE "WI 'AN4 'EQELWSIN. 'AN2 D', "O= GIGNETAI
MEN, 'OLIGAKI$ DE, DIA= QUMON PATHR 'H= MHTHR "UON 'H= QUGATERA
PLHGAI$ 'H= TINI TROPWI BIAIWI KTEINHI65, KAQARSEI$ MEN TA$ 'AUTA$
TOI$ 'ALLOI$ KAQAIRESQW KAI 'ENIAUTOU$ TREI$ 'APENIAUTEIN,
<P 868D>
KATELQONTWN3 DE TWN KTEINANTWN0, 'APALLATTESQAI GUNAIKA TE
'AP' 'ANDRO$ KAI TON 'ANDRA 'APO GUNAIKO$, KAI MH POT' 'ETI
KOINHI PAIDOPOIHSASQAI, MHDE SUNESTION "WN 'EKGONON 'H= 'ADELFON
'APESTERHKE0 GIGNESQAI POTE MHDE KOINWNON "IERWN; "O DE 'ASEBWN
TE PERI= TAUTA KAI 'APEIQWN "UPODIKO$ 'ASEBEIA$ GIGNESQW
TW*I 'EQELONTI. GUNAIKA DE GAMETHN 'EA=N 'ANHR DI' 'ORGHN KTEINHI65
<P 868E>
TINA TI$, 'H= GUNH "EAUTH$ 'ANDRA 'TAUTON TOUTO "WSAUTW$ 'ERGASHTAI,
KAQAIRESQAI MEN TOU$ 'AUTOU$ KAQARMOU$, TRIETEI$
DE 'APENIAUTHSEI$ DIATELEIN0. KATELQWN DE "O TI TOIOUTON
DRASA$, TOI$ "AUTOU PAISIN "IERWN MH KOINWNEITW MHDE "OMOTRAPEZO$
GIGNESQW POTE; 'APEIQWN DE "O GENNHTWR 'H= "O GENNHQEI$
'ASEBEIA$ 'AU "UPODIKO$ GIGNESQW TW*I 'EQELONTI. KAI 'EA=N 'ADELFO$
'ADELFON 'H= 'ADELFHN, 'H= 'ADELFH 'ADELFON 'H= 'ADELFHN QUMWI
KTEINHI65, TA MEN TWN KAQARMWN KAI 'APENIAUTHSEWN "WSAUTW$,
KAQAPER 'EIRHTAI TOI$ GONEUSI KAI TOI$ 'EKGONOI$, 'EIRHSQW
DEIN GIGNESQAI KAI TOUTOI$ % "WN 'ADELFOU$ TE 'ADELFWN KAI
GONEA$ 'ESTERHKE0 PAIDWN, TOUTOI$ DE SUNESTIO$ 'AUTOI$ MHDEPOTE
GIGNESQW MHDE KOINWNO$ "IERWN % 'EA=N DE TI$ 'APEIQHI5,


<P 869A>
TW*I TH$ PERI= TAUTA 'ASEBEIA$ 'EIRHMENWI NOMWI "UPODIKO$ 'ORQW$
'AN4 GIGNOITO META DIKH$. 'EA=N D'-'A=RA TI$ 'EI$ TOSOUTON 'AKRATH$
QUMOU GIGNHTAI PRO$ TOU$ GENNHSANTA$, "WSTE MANIAI$ 'ORGH$
TWN GENNHTORWN TOLMHSAI0 KTEINAI0 TINA, 'EA=N MEN "O TELEUTHSA$
PRIN TELEUTHSAI0 TON DRASANTA FONOU 'AFIHI5 "EKWN,
KAQAPER "OI TON 'AKOUSION FONON 'EXERGASAMENOI KAQARQEI$,
KAI 'TALLA "OSAPER 'EKEINOI PRAXA$, KAQARO$ 'ESTW, 'EA=N DE MH
<P 869B>
'AFHI6, POLLOI$ 'ENOCO$ 'ESTW NOMOI$ "O DRASA$ TI TOIOUTON; KAI-GAR
'AIKIA$ DIKAI$ TAI$ 'ESCATAI$ 'ENOCO$ 'AN4 GIGNOITO KAI 'ASEBEIA$
"WSAUTW$ KAI "IEROSULIA$, THN TOU* GENNHTOU YUCHN
SULHSA$, "WST' 'EIPER "OION-T'-'H*N TO POLLAKI$ 'APOQNHISKEIN
TON 'AUTON, KAI TON PATROFONON 'H= MHTROKTONON, 'EXERGASAMENON
QUMWI TOUTO, DIKAIOTATON QANATWN POLLWN 'H*N TUGCANEIN.
"WI GAR MONWI 'OUD' 'AMUNOMENWI QANATON, MELLONTI "UPO
<P 869C>
TWN GONEWN TELEUTHSESQAI, PAREXEI2 NOMO$ 'OUDEI$ KTEINAI0 TON
PATERA 'H= MHTERA, TOU$ 'EI$ FW$ THN 'EKEINOU FUSIN 'AGAGONTA$,
'ALL' "UPOMEINANTA TA PANTA PASCEIN PRIN TI DRAN TOIOUTON
NOMOQETHSEI2, PW*$ TOUTWI DIKH$ GE 'ALLW$ PROSHKON0 TUGCANEIN
'AN4 GIGNOITO 'EN NOMWI: KEISQW DH TW*I PATERA 'H= MHTERA 'APOKTEINANTI
QUMWI QANATO$ "H ZHMIA. 'ADELFO$ DE 'AN2 'ADELFON
KTEINHI65 'EN STASESI MACH$ GENOMENH$ 'H= TINI TROPWI TOIOUTWI,
<P 869D>
'AMUNOMENO$ 'ARCONTA CEIRWN PROTERON, KAQAPER POLEMION
'APOKTEINA$ 'ESTW KAQARO$, KAI 'EA=N POLITH$ POLITHN, "WSAUTW$,
'H= XENO$ XENON. 'EA=N DE 'ASTO$ XENON 'H= XENO$ 'ASTON
'AMUNOMENO$ KTEINHI65, KATA 'TAUTA 'ESTW TOU* KAQARO$ 'EINAI.
KAI 'EA=N DOULO$ DOULON, "WSAUTW$; 'EA=N DE 'AU DOULO$ 'ELEUQERON
'AMUNOMENO$ 'APOKTEINHI65, KAQAPER "O KTEINA$ PATERA,
TOI$ 'AUTOI$ 'ENOCO$ 'ESTW NOMOI$. "O= DE PERI= TH$ 'AFESEW$
'EIRHTAI FONOU PATRI, 'TAUTON TOUTO 'ESTW PERI= "APASH$ TWN
<P 869E>
TOIOUTWN 'AFESEW$, 'EA=N "OSTISOUN "OTWIOUN 'AFIHI5 TOUTO "EKWN,
"W$ 'AKOUSIOU GEGONOTO$ TOU* FONOU, "OI TE KAQARMOI GIGNESQWSAN
TW*I DRASANTI KAI 'ENIAUTO$ "EI$ 'ESTW TH$ 'EKDHMIA$
'EN NOMWI. KAI TA MEN-DH BI=AIA TE-KAI 'AKOU=SIA KAI KATA
TON QUMON GIGNOMENA PERI= FONOU$ METRIW$ 'EIRHSQW; TA DE
PERI= TA "EKOU=SIA KAI KAT' 'ADIKIAN PASAN GIGNOMENA TOUTWN
PE=RI KAI 'EPIBOULH$ DI' "HTTA$ "HDONWN TE-KAI 'EPIQUMIWN KAI
FQONWN, TAUTA MET' 'EKEINA "HMIN LEKTEON.
KL _ 'ORQW$ LEGEI$.
AQ _ PALIN DH PRWTON PERI= TWN TOIOUTWN 'EI$ DUNAMIN


<P 870A>
'EIPWMEN "OPOSA 'AN4 'EIH. TO MEN-DH MEGISTON 'EPIQUMIA KRATOUSA
YUCH$ 'EXHGRIWMENH$ "UPO POQWN; TOUTO D' 'ESTIN
MALISTA 'ENTAUQA "OU4 PLEISTO$ TE-KAI 'ISCUROTATO$ "IMERO$
'WN TUGCANEI0 TOI$ POLLOI$, "H TWN CRHMATWN TH$ 'APLHSTOU
KAI 'APEIROU KTHSEW$ 'ERWTA$ MURIOU$ 'ENTIKTOUSA DUNAMI$ DIA=
FUSIN TE-KAI 'APAIDEUSIAN THN KAKHN. TH$ DE 'APAIDEUSIA$
"H TOU* KAKW$ 'EPAINEISQAI PLOUTON 'AITI=A FHMH PRO$ TWN
"ELLHNWN TE-KAI BARBARWN; PRWTON GAR TWN 'AGAQWN 'AUTO
<P 870B>
PROKRINONTE$, TRITON 'ON, TOU$ T' 'EPIGIGNOMENOU$ LWBWNTAI0
KAI "EAUTOU$. TO GAR 'ALHQE$ LEGESQAI PERI= TOU* PLOUTOU
KATA POLEI$ PASA$ PANTWN KALLISTON KAI 'ARISTON, "W$
"ENEKA SWMATO$ 'ESTI, KAI SWMA YUCH$ "ENEKA; 'AGAQWN MEN-'OUN
'ONTWN0 "WN "ENEKA "O PLOUTO$ 'EINAI PEFUKE0, TRITON 'AN4 'EIH
META SWMATO$ 'ARETHN KAI YUCH$. DIDASKALO$ 'OUN 'AN4 "O
LOGO$ "OUTO$ GIGNOITO "W$ 'OU CRH PLOUTEIN ZHTEIN TON 'EUDAIMONA
<P 870C>
'ESOMENON, 'ALLA= DIKAIW$ PLOUTEIN KAI SWFRONW$; KAI
FONOI "OUTW$ 'OUK 'AN4 GIGNOINTO 'EN POLESIN FONOI$ DEOMENOI
KAQAIRESQAI. NU*N DE, "OPER 'ARCOMENOI TOUTWN 'EIPOMEN, "EN MEN
TOUT' 'ESTI KAI MEGISTON "O= POIEI0 FONOU "EKOUSIOU TA$ MEGISTA$
DIKA$. DEUTERON DE FILOTIMOU YUCH$ "EXI$, FQONOU$ 'ENTIKTOUSA,
CALEPOU$ SUNOIKOU$ MALISTA MEN 'AUTWI TW*I KEKTHMENWI
TON FQONON, DEUTEROI$ DE TOI$ 'ARISTOI$ TWN 'EN THI POLEI.
TRITON DE "OI DEILOI KAI 'ADIKOI FOBOI POLLOU$ DH FONOU$
<P 870D>
'EISIN-'EXEIRGASMENOI, "OTAN 'HI TWI PRATTOMENA 'H= PEPRAGMENA
"A MHDENA BOULONTAI SFISIN SUNEIDENAI GIGNOMENA 'H= GEGONOTA;
TOU$ 'OUN TOUTWN MHNUTA$ 'ANAIROUSI0 QANATOI$, "OTAN 'ALLWI
MHDENI DUNWNTAI TROPWI. TOUTWN DH PANTWN PE=RI PROOIMIA
MEN 'EIRHMENA TAUT' 'ESTW, KAI PRO$ TOUTOI$, "ON KAI POLLOI
LOGON TWN 'EN TAI$ TELETAI$ PERI= TA TOIAUTA 'ESPOUDAKOTWN
'AKOUONTE$ SFO=DRA PEIQONTAI, TO TWN TOIOUTWN TISIN 'EN "AIDOU
<P 870E>
GIGNESQAI, KAI PALIN 'AFIKOMENOI$ DEURO 'ANAGKAION 'EINAI THN
KATA FUSIN DIKHN 'EKTEISAI0, THN TOU* PAQONTO$ "APER 'AUTO$
'EDRASEN, "UP' 'ALLOU TOIAUTHI MOIRA\ TELEUTHSAI0 TON TO=TE BION.
PEIQOMENWI MEN-DH-KAI PANTW$ FOBOUMENWI 'EX 'AUTOU4 TOU*
PROOIMIOU THN TOIAUTHN DIKHN 'OUDEN DEI TON 'EPI TOUTWI


<P 871A>
NOMON "UMNEIN, 'APEIQOUNTI DE NOMO$ "ODE 'EIRHSQW THI GRAFHI;
"O$4 'AN4 'EK PRONOIA$ TE-KAI 'ADIKW$ "ONTINAOUN TWN 'EMFULIWN
'AUTOCEIR KTEINHI65, PRWTON MEN TWN NOMIMWN 'EIRGESQW, MHTE
"IERA MHTE 'AGORAN MHTE LIMENA$ MHTE 'ALLON KOINON SULLOGON
MHDENA MIAINWN, 'EANTE TI$ 'APAGOREUHI5 TW*I DRASANTI TAUTA
'ANQRWPWN KAI 'EA=N MH % "O GAR NOMO$ 'APAGOREUEI0 KAI 'APAGOREUWN
"UPER PASH$ TH$ POLEW$ 'AEI FAINETAI TE-KAI FANEITAI
<P 871B> %
"O DE MH 'EPEXIWN DEON, 'H= MH PROAGOREUWN 'EIRGESQAI, TWN
'ENTO$ 'ANEYIOTHTO$, PRO$ 'ANDRWN TE-KAI GUNAIKWN PROSHKWN
TW*I TELEUTHSANTI, PRWTON MEN TO MIASMA 'EI$ "AUTON KAI THN
TWN QEWN 'ECQRAN DECOITO, "W$ "H TOU* NOMOU 'ARA= THN FHMHN
PROTREPETAI, TO DE DEUTERON "UPODIKO$ TW*I 'EQELONTI TIMWREIN
"UPER TOU* TELEUTHSANTO$ GIGNESQW. "O DE 'EQELWN TIMWREIN,
TWN TE 'EPI TOUTOI$ LOUTRWN FULAKH$ PE=RI KAI "OSWN 'AN4 "ETERWN
<P 871C>
"O QEO$ PERI= TAUTA NOMIMA PARADWI0, PANTA 'APOTELWN0, KAI THN
PRORRHSIN PROAGOREUWN, 'ITW 'ANAGKAZWN TON DRASANTA "UPECEIN
THN TH$ DIKH$ PRAXIN KATA NOMON. TAUTA DE "OTI4 MEN
GIGNESQAI CREWN 'ESTI DIA= TINWN 'EPEUCWN KAI QUSIWN QEOI$
TISIN "OI$ TWN TOIOUTWN MELEI0, FONOU$ MH GIGNESQAI KATA
POLEI$, "RA\DION 'APOFAINESQAI NOMOQETHI; TI=NE$ D' 'EISIN "OI
QEOI KAI TI=$ "O TROPO$ TWN TOIOUTWN DIKWN TH$ 'EISAGWGH$
'ORQOTATA PRO$ TO QEION 'AN4 GIGNOMENO$ 'EIH, NOMOFULAKE$ MET'
<P 871D>
'EXHGHTWN KAI MANTEWN KAI TOU* QEOU NOMOQETHSAMENOI, TA$
DIKA$ 'EISAGONTWN2 TAUTA$. DIKASTA$ DE 'AUTWN 'EINAI TOU$
'AUTOU$ "OUSPER TOI$ TA "IERA SULWSIN4 DIADIKAZEIN 'ERRHQH
KURIW$; "O DE 'OFLWN QANATWI ZHMIOUSQW KAI MH 'EN THI TOU*
PAQONTO$ CWRA\ QAPTESQW, 'ANAIDEIA$ "ENEKA PRO$ TW*I 'ASEBEIN.
FUGWN DE-KAI MH 'QELHSA$ KRISIN "UPOSCEIN FEUGETW 'AEIFUGIAN;
'EA=N DE TI$ 'EPIBHI6 POU TWN TH$ TOU* FONEUQENTO$
CWRA$, "O PROSTUCWN PRWTO$ TWN 'OIKEIWN TOU* 'APOQANONTO$
<P 871E>
'H=-KAI TWN POLITWN 'ANATI KTEINETW, 'H= DHSA$ TOI$ 'ARCOUSI4
TWN THN DIKHN KRINANTWN0 KTEINAI0 PARADOTW. "O DE 'EPISKHPTOMENO$
"AMA KAI KATEGGUATW TON "WI 'AN4 'EPISKHPTHTAI; "O
DE PARECETW TOU$ 'EGGUHTA$, 'AXIOCREW$ "OU$ 'AN4 "H TWN PERI=
TAUTA DIKASTWN 'ARCH KRINHI65, TREI$ 'EGGUHTA$ 'AXIOCREW$
PAREXEIN 'EGGUWMENOU$ 'EI$ DIKHN; 'EA=N DE 'H= MH 'EQELHI5 'H=
'ADUNATHI5 TI$ KAQISTANAI, THN 'ARCHN PARALABOUSAN DHSASAN
FULATTEIN KAI PARECEIN 'EI$ THN KRISIN TH$ DIKH$. 'EA=N DE


<P 872A>
'AUTOCEIR MEN MH, BOULEUSHI6 DE QANATON TI$ 'ALLO$ "ETERWI
KAI THI BOULHSEI TE-KAI 'EPIBOULEUSEI 'APOKTEINA$ 'AITIO$ 'WN
KAI MH KAQARO$ THN YUCHN TOU* FONOU 'EN POLEI 'ENOIKHI5,
GIGNESQWN KAI TOUTWI KATA 'TAUTA "AI KRISEI$ TOUTWN PE=RI
PLHN TH$ 'EGGUH$, TW*I DE 'OFLONTI TAFH$ TH$ 'OIKEIA$ 'EXESTW
TUCEIN, TA DE 'A=LLA KATA 'TAUTA "WSAUTW$ TW*I PROSQEN "RHQENTI
PERI= 'AUTON GIGNESQW. TA 'AUTA DE 'ESTW TAUTA XENOISI TE
PRO$ XENOU$ KAI 'ASTOISI KAI XENOI$ PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$, DOULOI$
<P 872B>
TE 'AU PRO$ DOULOU$, TH$ TE 'AUTOCEIRIA$ PE=RI KAI 'EPIBOULEUSEW$,
PLHN TH$ 'EGGUH$; TAUTHN DE, KAQAPER 'EIRHTAI,
TOU$ 'AUTOCEIRA$ KATEGGUASQAI, TON DE PROAGOREUONTA TON
FONON "AMA KATEGGUAN KAI TOUTOU$. 'EA=N DE DOULO$ 'ELEUQERON
"EKWN, 'EI=TE 'AUTOCEIR 'EI=TE BOULEUSA$, 'APOKTEINHI65 KAI 'OFLHI6 THN
DIKHN, "O TH$ POLEW$ KOINO$ DHMIO$ 'AGWN PRO$ TO MNHMA TOU*
'APOQANONTO$, "OQEN 'AN4 "ORA*I2 TON TUMBON, MASTIGWSA$ "OPOSA$
<P 872C>
'AN4 "O "ELWN PROSTATTHI5, 'EANPER BIWI2 PAIOMENO$ "O FONEU$,
QANATWSATW. 'EA=N DE TI$ DOULON KTEINHI65 MHDEN 'ADIKOUNTA,
FOBWI DE MH MHNUTH$ 'AISCRWN 'ERGWN KAI KAKWN 'AUTOU4
GIGNHTAI, 'H= TINO$ "ENEKA 'ALLOU TOIOUTOU, KAQAPER 'AN4 'EI POLITHN
KTEINA$ "UPEICE FONOU DIKA$, "WSAUTW$ KAI TOU* TOIOUTOU
DOULOU KATA TA 'AUTA 'APOQANONTO$ "OUTW$ "UPECETW.
'EA=N DE-DH GIGNHTAI 'EF' "OISI KAI NOMOQETEIN DEINON KAI
'OUDAMW$ PROSFILE$, MH NOMOQETEIN DE 'ADUNATON, SUGGENWN
<P 872D>
'AUTOCEIRA$ FONOU$ 'H= DI' 'EPIBOULEUSEW$ GENOMENOU$, "EKOUSIOU$
TE-KAI 'ADIKOU$ PANTW$, "OI=4 TA MEN POLLA 'EN KAKW$ 'OIKOUSAI$
KAI TREFOMENAI$ GIGNONTAI POLESIN, GENOITO D' 'AN4 POU TI
KAI 'EN "HI MH TI$ 'AN4 PROSDOKHSEIEN CWRA\, LEGEIN MEN-DH CREWN
'AU PALIN TON 'EMPROSQE SMIKRWI "RHQENTA LOGON, 'AN2 'A=RA
TI$ 'AKOUWN "HMWN "OIO$ 'APOSCESQAI GENHTAI MALLON "EKWN
DIA= TA TOIAUTA FONWN TWN PANTHI 'ANOSIWTATWN. "O GAR-DH
<P 872E>
MUQO$ 'H= LOGO$, 'H= "OTI2 CRH PROSAGOREUEIN 'AUTON, 'EK PALAIWN
"IEREWN 'EIRHTAI SAFW$, "W$ "H TWN SUGGENWN "AIMATWN TIMWRO$
DIKH 'EPISKOPO$ NOMWI CRHTAI0 TW*I NUNDH LECQENTI KAI 'ETAXEN
'A=RA DRASANTI TI TOIOUTON PAQEIN 'TAUTA 'ANAGKAIW$ "APER
'EDRASEN; 'EI PATERA 'APEKTEINEN POTE TI$, 'AUTON TOUTO "UPO
TEKNWN TOLMHSAI0 BIA\ PASCONTA 'EN TISI CRONOI$, 'KAN4 'EI
MHTERA, GENESQAI TE 'AUTON QHLEIA$ METASCONTA FUSEW$
'ANAGKAION, GENOMENON TE "UPO TWN GENNHQENTWN5 LIPEIN TON
BION 'EN CRONOI$ "USTEROI$; TOU* GAR KOINOU MIANQENTO$ "AIMATO$
'OUK 'EINAI KAQARSIN 'ALLHN, 'OUDE 'EKPLUTON 'EQELEIN GIGNESQAI


<P 873A>
TO MIANQEN PRIN FONON FONWI "OMOIWI "OMOION "H DRASASA YUCH
TEISHI6 KAI PASH$ TH$ SUGGENEIA$ TON QUMON 'AFILASAMENH
KOIMISHI6. TAUTA DH PARA QEWN MEN TINA FOBOUMENON TA$
TIMWRIA$ 'EIRGESQAI CRH TA$ TOIAUTA$; 'EI DE TINA$ "OUTW$
'AQLI=A SUMFORA KATALABOI, "WSTE PATRO$ 'H= MHTRO$ 'H= 'ADELFWN
'H= TEKNWN 'EK PRONOIA$ "EKOUSIW$ YUCHN TOLMHSAI0 'APOSTEREIN
SWMATO$, "O PARA TOU* QNHTOU NOMOQETOU NOMO$ "WDE PERI= TWN
<P 873B>
TOIOUTWN NOMOQETEI0, PRORRHSEI$ MEN TA$ PERI= TWN NOMIMWN
'EIRGESQAI KAI 'EGGUA$ TA$ 'AUTA$ 'EINAI KAQAPER 'ERRHQH TOI$
'EMPROSQEN; 'EA=N DE TI$ 'OFLHI6 FONOU TOIOUTOU, TOUTWN KTEINA$
TINA, "OI MEN TWN DIKASTWN "UPHRETAI KAI 'ARCONTE$ 'APOKTEINANTE$,
'EI$ TETAGMENHN TRIODON 'EXW TH$ POLEW$ 'EKBALLONTWN2
GUMNON, "AI DE 'ARCAI PASAI "UPER "OLH$ TH$ POLEW$, LIQON
"EKASTO$ FERWN, 'EPI THN KEFALHN TOU* NEKROU BALLWN 'AFOSIOUTW
THN POLIN "OLHN, META DE TOUTO 'EI$ TA TH$ CWRA$
<P 873C>
"ORIA FERONTE$ 'EKBALLONTWN2 TW*I NOMWI 'ATAFON.
TON DE-DH PANTWN 'OIKEIOTATON KAI LEGOMENON FILTATON
"O$4 'AN4 'APOKTEINHI65, TI= CRH PASCEIN: LEGW0 DE "O$4 'AN4 "EAUTON
KTEINHI65, THN TH$ "EIMARMENH$ BIA\ 'APOSTERWN MOIRAN, MHTE
POLEW$ TAXASH$ DIKHI, MHTE PERIWDUNWI 'AFUKTWI PROSPESOUSHI
TUCHI 'ANAGKASQEI$, MHDE 'AISCUNH$ TINO$ 'APOROU KAI 'ABIOU
METALACWN, 'ARGIA\ DE-KAI 'ANANDRIA$ DEILIA\ "EAUTWI DIKHN 'ADIKON
<P 873D>
'EPIQHI6. TOUTWI DH TA MEN 'A=LLA QEO$ 'OIDEN "A CRH NOMIMA
GIGNESQAI PERI= KAQARMOU$ TE-KAI TAFA$, "WN 'EXHGHTA$ TE
"AMA KAI TOU$ PERI= TAUTA NOMOU$ 'EPANEROMENOU$ CRH TOU$
'EGGUTATA GENEI POIEIN 'AUTOISIN KATA TA PROSTATTOMENA;
TAFOU$ D' 'EINAI TOI$ "OUTW FQAREISI PRWTON MEN KATA MONA$
MHDE MEQ' "ENO$ SUNTAFOU, 'EITA 'EN TOI$ TWN DWDEKA "ORIOISI
MERWN TWN "OSA 'ARGA KAI 'ANWNUMA QAPTEIN 'AKLEEI$ 'AUTOU$,
MHTE STHLAI$ MHTE 'ONOMASI DHLOUNTA$ TOU$ TAFOU$.
<P 873E>
'EA=N D'-'A=RA "UPOZUGION 'H= ZWION 'ALLO TI FONEUSHI6 TINA,
PLHN TWN "OSA 'EN 'AGWNI TWN DHMOSIA\ TIQEMENWN 'AQLEUONTA
TI TOIOUTON DRASHI6, 'EPEXITWSAN MEN "OI PROSHKONTE$ TOU* FONOU
TW*I KTEINANTI, DIADIKAZONTWN2 DE TWN 'AGRONOMWN "OISIN 'AN4
KAI "OPOSOI$ PROSTAXHI6 "O PROSHKWN, TO DE 'OFLON 'EXW TWN
"ORWN TH$ CWRA$ 'APOKTEINANTA$ DIORISAI0. 'EA=N DE 'AYUCON
TI YUCH$ 'ANQRWPON STERHSHI6, PLHN "OSA KERAUNO$ 'H= TI PARA
QEOU TOIOUTON BELO$ 'ION, TWN DE 'ALLWN "OSA TINO$ PROSPESONTO$
'H= 'AUTO 'EMPESON KTEINHI65 TINA, DIKASTHN MEN 'AUTWI


<P 874A>
KAQIZETW TWN GEITONWN TON 'EGGUTATA "O PROSHKWN GENEI,
'AFOSIOUMENO$ "UPER "AUTOU TE-KAI "UPER TH$ SUGGENEIA$ "OLH$,
TO DE 'OFLON 'EXORIZEIN, KAQAPER 'ERRHQH TO TWN ZWIWN GENO$.
'EA=N DE TEQNEW$ MEN 'AU TI$ FANHI, 'ADHLO$ DE "O KTEINA$
'HI KAI MH 'AMELW$ ZHTOUSIN4 'ANEURETO$ GIGNHTAI, TA$ MEN
PRORRHSEI$ TA$ 'AUTA$ GIGNESQAI KAQAPER TOI$ 'ALLOI$, PROAGOREUEIN
DE TON FONON TW*I DRASANTI, KAI 'EPIDIKASAMENON 'EN
<P 874B>
'AGORA*I KHRUXAI0 TW*I KTEINANTI TON KAI TON KAI 'WFLHKOTI FONOU
MH 'EPIBAINEIN "IERWN MHDE "OLH$ CWRA$ TH$ TOU* PAQONTO$,
"W$, 'AN2 FANHI KAI GNWSQHI, 'APOQANOUMENON KAI 'EXW TH$ TOU*
PAQONTO$ CWRA$ 'EKBLHQHSOMENON 'ATAFON. "OUTO$ DH NOMO$
"EI$ "HMIN 'ESTW KURIO$ PERI= FONOU KEIMENO$.
KAI TA MEN PERI= TA TOIAUTA MECRI TOUTWN "OUTW$; "WN DE
"O KTEINA$ 'EF' "OI$ TE 'ORQW$ 'AN4 KAQARO$ 'EIH, TADE 'ESTW;
NUKTWR FWRA 'EI$ 'OIKIAN 'EISIONTA 'EPI KLOPHI CRHMATWN 'EA=N
<P 874C>
"ELWN KTEINHI65, KAQARO$ 'ESTW; KAI 'EA=N LWPODUTHN 'AMUNOMENO$
'APOKTEINHI65, KAQARO$ 'ESTW; KAI 'EA=N 'ELEUQERAN GUNAIKA
BIAZHTAI TI$ 'H= PAIDA PERI= TA 'AFRODI=SIA, NHPOINI TEQNATW
"UPO TE TOU* "UBRISQENTO$ BIA\ KAI "UPO PATRO$ 'H= 'ADELFWN
'H= "UEWN; 'EA=N TE 'ANHR 'EPITUCHI6 GAMETHI GUNAIKI BIAZOMENHI,
KTEINA$ TON BIAZOMENON 'ESTW KAQARO$ 'EN TW*I NOMWI; KAI 'EA=N
TI$ PATRI BOHQWN QANATON, MHDEN 'ANOSION DRWNTI, KTEINHI65
TINA, 'H= MHTRI 'H= TEKNOI$ 'H= 'ADELFOI$ 'H= SUGGENNHTORI TEKNWN,
<P 874D>
PANTW$ KAQARO$ 'ESTW.
TA MEN-TOINUN PERI= TROFHN TE ZWSH$ YUCH$ KAI PAIDEIAN,
"WN 'AUTHI TUCOUSHI MEN BIWTON, 'ATUCHSASHI DE 'TOUNANTION,
KAI PERI= QANATWN TWN BIAIWN "A$ DEI TIMWRIA$ GIGNESQAI,
NENOMOQETHSQW; TA DE PERI= THN TWN SWMATWN TROFHN MEN-KAI
PAIDEIAN 'EIRHTAI, TO D' 'ECOMENON TOUTWN, "AI BIAIOI
PRAXEI$ "UP' 'ALLHLWN 'AKOUSIOI TE-KAI "EKOUSIOI GIGNOMENAI
DIORISTEON 'EI$ DUNAMIN "AI=4 TE 'EISIN KAI "OSAI, KAI "WN 'AN4
<P 874E>
TUGCANOUSAI TIMWRHSEWN TO PROSFORON 'ECOIEN 'AN4 "EKASTAI,
TAUTA MET' 'EKEINA, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'ORQW$ 'AN4 NOMOQETOITO.
TRAUMATA DH-KAI PHRWSEI$ 'EK TRAUMATWN TA GE DEU=TERA
META QANATOU$ KAI "O FAULOTATO$ 'AN4 TAXEIEN TWN 'EPI NOMON
TREPOMENWN. TA DH TRAUMATA, KAQAPER "OI FONOI DIHIRHNTO,
DIAIRETEON, TA MEN 'AKOU=SIA, TA DE QUMWI, TA DE FOBWI, TA
DE "OPOSA 'EK PRONOIA$ "EKOU=SIA SUMBAINEI0 GIGNOMENA; PRORRHTEON
DH TI PERI= PANTWN TWN TOIOUTWN TOIONDE, "W$ 'A=RA
NOMOU$ 'ANQRWPOI$ 'ANAGKAION TIQESQAI KAI ZHN KATA NOMOU$


<P 875A>
'H= MHDEN DIAFEREIN TWN PANTHI 'AGRIWTATWN QHRIWN. "H DE
'AITI=A TOUTWN "HDE, "OTI4 FUSI$ 'ANQRWPWN 'OUDENO$ "IKANH FUETAI
"WSTE GNWNAI0 TE TA SUMFERONTA 'ANQRWPOI$ 'EI$ POLITEIAN KAI
GNOUSA, TO BELTISTON 'AEI DUNASQAI TE-KAI 'EQELEIN PRATTEIN.
GNWNAI0 MEN-GAR PRWTON CALEPON "OTI4 POLITIKHI KAI 'ALHQEI
TECNHI 'OU TO 'IDION 'ALLA= TO KOINON 'ANAGKH MELEIN % TO MEN-GAR
KOINON SUNDEI0, TO DE 'IDION DIASPA*I0 TA$ POLEI$ % KAI "OTI4
SUMFEREI0 TW*I KOINWI TE-KAI 'IDIWI TOIN 'AMFOIN, 'H=N TO KOINON
<P 875B>
TIQHTAI KALW$ MALLON 'H= TO 'IDION; DEUTERON DE, 'EA=N 'A=RA-KAI
TO GNWNAI0 TI$ "OTI4 TAUTA "OUTW PEFUKEN0 LABHI6 "IKANW$ 'EN
TECNHI, META DE TOUTO 'ANUPEUQUNO$ TE-KAI 'AUTOKRATWR 'ARXHI6
POLEW$, 'OUK 'AN4 POTE DUNAITO 'EMMEINAI0 TOUTWI TW*I DOGMATI
KAI DIABIWNAI0 TO MEN KOINON "HGOUMENON TREFWN 'EN THI POLEI,
TO DE 'IDION "EPOMENON TW*I KOINWI, 'ALL' 'EPI PLEONEXIAN KAI
'IDIOPRAGIAN "H QNHTH FUSI$ 'AUTON "ORMHSEI2 'AEI, FEUGOUSA
MEN 'ALOGW$ THN LUPHN, DIWKOUSA DE THN "HDONHN, TOU* DE
<P 875C>
DIKAIOTEROU TE-KAI 'AMEINONO$ 'EPIPROSQEN 'AMFW TOUTW PROSTHSETAI,
KAI SKOTO$ 'APERGAZOMENH 'EN "AUTHI PANTWN KAKWN
'EMPLHSEI2 PRO$ TO TELO$ "AUTHN TE-KAI THN POLIN "OLHN. 'EPEI
TAUTA 'EI POTE TI$ 'ANQRWPWN FUSEI "IKANO$ QEIA\ MOIRA\ GENNHQEI$
PARALABEIN DUNATO$ 'EIH, NOMWN 'OUDEN 'AN4 DEOITO TWN
'ARXONTWN "EAUTOU; 'EPISTHMH$ GAR-'OUTE NOMO$ 'OUTE TAXI$
'OUDEMIA KREITTWN, 'OUDE QEMI$ 'ESTIN NOUN 'OUDENO$ "UPHKOON 'OUDE
<P 875D>
DOULON 'ALLA= PANTWN 'ARCONTA 'EINAI, 'EANPER 'ALHQINO$ 'ELEUQERO$
TE 'ONTW$ 'HI KATA FUSIN. NU*N DE-'OU-GAR 'ESTIN 'OUDAMOU
'OUDAMW$, 'ALL'-'H= KATA BRACU; DIO DH TO DEUTERON "AIRETEON,
TAXIN TE-KAI NOMON, "A DH TO MEN "W$ 'EPI TO POLU "ORA*I0 KAI
BLEPEI0 TO D' 'EPI PAN 'ADUNATEI0. TAUTA DH TWNDE "EINEKA
'EIRHTAI; NU*N "HMEI$ TAXOMEN TI= CRH TON TRWSANTA 'H= TI BLAYANTA
"ETERON 'ALLON PAQEIN 'H= 'APOTINEIN. PROCEIRON DH
PANTI PERI= PANTO$ "UPOLABEIN 'ORQW$, TON TI= TRWSANTA 'H=
<P 875E>
TI=NA 'H= PW*$ 'H= PO=TE LEGEI$: MURIA GAR "EKASTA 'ESTI TOUTWN
KAI PAMPOLU DIAFERONTA 'ALLHLWN. TAUT' 'OUN-DH DIKASTHRIOI$
'EPITREPEIN KRINEIN0 PANTA 'H= MHDEN 'ADUNATON. "EN MEN-GAR
KATA PANTWN 'ANAGKAION 'EPITREPEIN KRINAI0, TO POTERON
'EGENETO 'H= 'OUK 'EGENETO "EKASTON TOUTWN; TO DE MHDEN 'EPITREPEIN


<P 876A>
'AU PERI= TOU* TI= DEI ZHMIOUSQAI KAI PASCEIN TI= CREWN
TON 'ADIKHSANTA TOUTWN TI, 'ALL' 'AUTON PERI= PANTWN NOMOQETHSAI0
SMIKRWN KAI MEGALWN, SCEDON 'ADUNATON.
KL _ TI=$ 'OUN "O META TOUTON LOGO$:
AQ _ "ODE, "OTI4 TA MEN 'EPITREPTEON DIKASTHRIOI$, TA DE 'OUK
'EPITREPTEON, 'ALL' 'AUTWI NOMOQETHTEON.
KL _ POI*A DH NOMOQETHTEON TE-KAI POI*A 'APODOTEON KRINEIN0
TOI$ DIKASTHRIOI$:
AQ _ TADE DH META TAUTA 'ORQOTAT' 'AN4 'EIPEIN 'EIH, "W$ 'EN
<P 876B>
POLEI 'EN "HI DIKASTHRIA FAULA KAI 'AFWNA, KLEPTONTA TA$ "AUTWN
DOXA$, KRUBDHN TA$ KRISEI$ DIADIKAZEI0 KAI, "O= TOUTOU DEINOTERON,
"OTAN MHDE SIGWNTA 'ALLA= QORUBOU MESTA KAQAPER QEATRA
'EPAINOUNTA TE BOHI KAI YEGONTA TWN "RHTORWN "EKATERON 'EN
MEREI KRINHI65, CALEPON TO=TE PAQO$ "OLHI THI POLEI GIGNESQAI
FILEI0. TOI$ 'OUN-DH TOIOUTOI$ DIKASTHRIOI$ NOMOQETEIN "UPO
TINO$ 'ANAGKH$ LHFQENTA 'OUK 'EUTUCE$ MEN, "OMW$ DE 'EX 'ANAGKH$
<P 876C>
'EILHMMENON "OTI2 PERI= SMIKROTATA 'EPITREPTEON 'AUTOI$ TATTEIN
TA$ ZHMIA$, TA DE PLEISTA 'AUTON NOMOQETEIN DIARRHDHN, 'AN2
TI$ 'A=RA TOIAUTHI POLITEIA\ NOMOQETHI5 POTE; 'EN "HI DE 'AN4 POLEI
DIKASTHRIA 'EI$ DUNAMIN 'ORQW$ KAQESTWTA-'HI, TRAFENTWN5 TE 'EU
TWN MELLONTWN0 DIKAZEIN DOKIMASQENTWN5 TE DIA= PASH$ 'AKRIBEIA$,
'ENTAUQA 'ORQON KAI 'ECON 'EU KAI KALW$ TO POLLA
'EPITREPEIN KRINEIN0 TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ DIKASTAI$ TWN 'OFLONTWN3
PE=RI, TI= CRH PASCEIN 'AUTOU$ 'H= 'APOTINEIN. "HMIN DH TA NU*N 'ANEMESHTON
<P 876D>
TO MH NOMOQETEIN 'AUTOI$ TA MEGISTA KAI PLEISTA, "A
KAI FAULOTERW$ 'AN4 PEPAIDEUMENOI DIKASTAI DUNAINTO KATIDEIN
KAI PROSAPTEIN "EKASTWI TWN "AMARTHMATWN THN 'AXIAN TOU*
PAQOU$ TE-KAI PRAXEW$; 'EPEIDH DE "OI$ "HMEI$ NOMOQETOUMEN,
'OUC "HKISTA 'EMMELEI$ 'AUTOU$ 'OIOMEQ' 'AN4 TWN TOIOUTWN
GIGNESQAI KRITA$, 'EPITREPTEON DH TA PLEISTA. 'OU-MHN-'ALL'
"OPER POLLAKI$ 'EIPOMEN TE-KAI 'EDRASAMEN 'EN THI TWN 'EMPROSQEN
<P 876E>
NOMOQETHSEI NOMWN, TO PERIGRAFHN TE-KAI TOU$ TUPOU$ TWN
TIMWRIWN 'EIPONTA$, DOUNAI0 TA PARADEIGMATA TOISI DIKASTAI$
TOU* MHPOTE BAINEIN 'EXW TH$ DIKH$, TO=TE TE 'H*N 'ORQOTATA 'ECON
KAI-DH-KAI NU*N TOUTO 'AUTO POIHTEON, 'EPANELQONTA 'HDH PALIN
'EPI TOU$ NOMOU$. "H DH GRAFH PERI= TRAUMATO$ "WDE "HMIN
KEISQW; 'EA=N TI$ DIANOHQEI$ THI BOULHSEI KTEINAI0 TINA FILION,
PLHN "WN "O NOMO$ 'EFIHSIN, TRWSHI6 MEN, 'APOKTEINAI0 DE 'ADUNATHSHI6,
TON DIANOHQENTA TE-KAI TRWSANTA "OUTW$ 'OUK 'AXION


<P 877A>
'ELEEIN, 'OUDE 'AIDOUMENON 'ALLW$ 'H= KAQAPER 'APOKTEINANTA
"UPECEIN THN DIKHN FONOU 'ANAGKAZEIN; THN DE 'OU PANTAPASI
KAKHN TUCHN 'AUTOU4 SEBOMENON KAI TON DAIMONA, "O$4 'AUTON KAI
TON TRWQENTA 'ELEHSA$ 'APOTROPO$ 'AUTOI$ 'EGENETO MH TW*I MEN
'ANIATON "ELKO$ GENESQAI, TW*I DE 'EPARATON TUCHN KAI SUMFORAN,
TOUTWI DH CARIN TW*I DAIMONI DIDONTA KAI MH 'ENANTIOUMENON,
TON MEN QANATON 'AFELEIN TOU* TRWSANTO$, METASTASIN
<P 877B>
DE 'EI$ THN GEITONA POLIN 'AUTWI GIGNESQAI DIA= BIOU, KARPOUMENON
"APASAN THN "AUTOU KTHSIN. BLABO$ DE, 'EI KATEBLAYEN
TON TRWQENTA, 'EKTINEIN TW*I BLAFQENTI, TIMAN DE TO DIKASTHRION
"OPER 'AN4 THN DIKHN KRINHI65, KRINEIN0 DE "OIPER4 'AN4 TOU* FONOU
'EDIKASAN 'EI 'ETELEUTHSEN 'EK TH$ PLHGH$ TOU* TRAUMATO$.
GONEA$ D' 'AN2 PAI$ 'H= DOULO$ DESPOTHN "WSAUTW$ 'EK PRONOIA$
TRWSHI6, QANATON 'EINAI THN ZHMIAN; KAI 'EA=N 'ADELFO$ 'ADELFON
'H= 'ADELFHN 'H= 'ADELFH 'ADELFON 'H= 'ADELFHN "WSAUTW$ TRWSHI6,
<P 877C>
KAI 'OFLHI6 TRAUMATO$ 'EK PRONOIA$, QANATON 'EINAI THN ZHMIAN.
GUNH DE 'ANDRA "EAUTH$ 'EX 'EPIBOULH$ TOU* 'APOKTEINAI0 TRWSASA,
'H= 'ANHR THN "EAUTOU GUNAIKA, FEUGETW 'AEIFUGIAN; THN DE
KTHSIN, 'EA=N MEN "UEI$ 'H= QUGATERE$ 'AUTOI$ 'WSIN PAIDE$ 'ETI,
TOU$ 'EPITROPOU$ 'EPITROPEUEIN KAI "W$ 'ORFANWN TWN PAIDWN
'EPIMELEISQAI; 'EA=N DE 'ANDRE$, MH 'EPANAGKE$ 'ESTW TREFESQAI
TON FEUGONTA "UPO TWN 'EKGONWN, THN DE 'OUSIAN 'AUTOU$
KEKTHSQAI. 'APAI$ DE "OSTI$ 'AN4 TOIAUTAI$ SUMFORAI$ PERIPESHI6,
<P 877D>
TOU$ SUGGENEI$ SUNELQONTA$ MECRI 'ANEYIWN PAIDWN TOU*
PEFEUGOTO$ 'AMFOTERWQEN, PRO$ TE 'ANDRWN KAI PRO$ GUNAIKWN,
KLHRONOMON 'EI$ TON 'OIKON TOUTON THI POLEI TETTARAKONTAKAIPENTAKISCILIOSTON
KATASTHSAI0 BOULEUOMENOU$ META NOMOFULAKWN
KAI "IEREWN, DIANOHQENTA$ TROPWI KAI LOGWI TOIWIDE,
"W$ 'OUDEI$ 'OIKO$ TWN TETTARAKONTA KAI PENTAKISCILIWN TOU*
'ENOIKOUNTO$ 'ESTIN 'OUDE SUMPANTO$ TOU* GENOU$ "OUTW$ "W$ TH$
POLEW$ DHMOSIO$ TE-KAI 'IDIO$; DEI DH THN GE POLIN TOU$
<P 877E>
"AUTH$ 'OIKOU$ "W$ "OSIWTATOU$ TE-KAI 'EUTUCESTATOU$ KEKTHSQAI
KATA DUNAMIN. "OTAN 'OUN TI$ "AMA DUSTUCHQHI KAI 'ASEBHQHI
TWN 'OIKWN, "WSTE TON KEKTHMENON 'EN 'AUTWI PAIDA$ MEN MH
KATALIPEIN, 'HIQEON DE 'H=-KAI GEGAMHKOTA 'APAIDA TELEUTHSAI0
FONOU 'OFLONTA "EKOUSIOU 'H= TINO$ "AMARTHMATO$ 'ALLOU TWN
PERI= QEOU$ 'H= POLITA$ "WN 'AN4 QANATO$ 'EN TW*I NOMWI ZHMIA
DIARRHDHN 'HI-KEIMENH, 'H=-KAI 'EN 'AEIFUGIA\ TI$ FEUGHI5 TWN
'ANDRWN 'APAI$, TOUTON PRWTON MEN KAQHRASQAI KAI 'APODIOPOMPHSASQAI
TON 'OIKON CREWN 'ESTW KATA NOMON, 'EPEITA


<P 878A>
SUNELQONTA$, KAQAPER 'EIPOMEN NUNDH, TOU$ 'OIKEIOU$ "AMA
NOMOFULAXIN SKEYASQAI GENO$ "OTIPER2 'AN4 'HI TWN 'EN THI POLEI
'EUDOKIMWTATON PRO$ 'ARETHN KAI "AMA 'EUTUCE$, 'EN "WI 'AN4 PAIDE$
GEGONOTE$-'WSIN PLEIOU$; "OQEN "ENA TW*I TOU* TELEUTHSANTO$ PATRI
KAI TOI$ 'ANW TOU* GENOU$ "UON "W$ 'EKEINWN 'EISPOIOUNTA$, FHMH$
"ENEKA 'EPONOMAZONTA$, GENNHTORA TE "AUTOI$ KAI "ESTIOUCON KAI
QERAPEUTHN "OSIWN TE-KAI "IERWN 'EP' 'AMEINOSI TUCAI$ GIGNESQAI
TOU* PATRO$, TOUTWI TW*I TROPWI 'EPEUXAMENOU$, 'AUTON KLHRONOMON
<P 878B>
KATASTHSAI0 KATA NOMON, TON D' 'EXAMARTONTA 'ANWNUMON 'EA*N
KAI 'APAIDA KAI 'AMOIRON KEISQAI, "OPOTAN 'AUTON KATALABWSIN
"AI TOIAUTAI SUMFORAI.
'ESTIN DE 'OU PANTWN, "W$ 'EOIKE0, TWN 'ONTWN0 "ORO$ "ORWI
PROSMEIGNU$, 'ALL' "OI$ 'ESTIN MEQORION, TOUTO 'EN MESWI "ORWN
PROTERON "EKATERWI PROSBALLON GIGNOIT' 'AN4 'AMFOIN METAXU;
KAI-DH-KAI TWN 'AKOUSIWN TE-KAI "EKOUSIWN TO QUMWI GIGNOMENON
'EFAMEN 'EINAI TOIOUTON. TRAUMATWN 'OUN 'ESTW TWN 'ORGHI
<P 878C>
GENOMENWN; 'EA=N 'OFLHI6 TI$, PRWTON MEN TINEIN TOU* BLABOU$
THN DIPLASIAN, 'AN2 TO TRAUMA 'IASIMON 'APOBHI6, TWN DE 'ANIATWN
THN TETRAPLASIAN; 'EA=N DE 'IASIMON MEN 'AISCUNHN DE MEGALHN
TINA PROSBALLHI5 TW*I TRWQENTI KAI 'EPONEIDISTON, THN TETRAPLASIAN
'EKTINEIN. "OSA DE TI$ TRWSA$ TINA MH MONON BLAPTHI5
TON PAQONTA 'ALLA=-KAI THN POLIN, POIHSA$ 'ADUNATON THI
PATRIDI PRO$ POLEMIOU$ BOHQEIN, TOUTON DE META TWN 'ALLWN
ZHMIWN 'EKTINEIN KAI THI POLEI THN BLABHN; PRO$ GAR TAI$
<P 878D>
"AUTOU STRATEIAI$ KAI "UPER TOU* 'ADUNATOUNTO$ STRATEUESQW
KAI TA$ "UPER 'EKEINOU POLEMIKA$ TATTESQW TAXEI$, 'H= MH
DRWN TAUTA "UPODIKO$ TW*I 'EQELONTI TH$ 'ASTRATEIA$ GIGNESQW
KATA NOMON. THN DE-DH TH$ BLABH$ 'AXIAN, 'EI=TE DIPLHN 'EI=TE
TRIPLHN 'EI=TE-KAI TETRAPLASIAN, "OI KATAYHFISAMENOI DIKASTAI
TATTONTWN2. 'EA=N DE "OMOGONO$ "OMOGONON TON 'AUTON TROPON
TOUTWI TRWSHI6, TOU$ GENNHTA$ KAI TOU$ SUGGENEI$ MECRI
'ANEYIWN PAIDWN PRO$ GUNAIKWN KAI 'ANDRWN, GUNAIKA$ TE-KAI
<P 878E>
'ANDRA$ SUNELQONTA$, KRINANTA$ PARADIDONAI TIMAN TOI$
GENNHSASI KATA FUSIN; 'EA=N DE 'AMFISBHTHSIMO$ "H TIMHSI$
GIGNHTAI, TOU$ PRO$ 'ANDRWN 'EINAI TIMWNTA$ KURIOU$, 'EA=N DE
'ADUNATWSIN 'AUTOI, TOI$ NOMOFULAXIN TELEUTWNTA$ 'EPITREPEIN.
'EKGONOI$ DE PRO$ GONEA$ 'EINAI TWN TOIOUTWN TRAUMATWN
DIKASTA$ MEN TOU$ "UPER "EXHKONTA 'ETH GEGONOTA$ 'EPANAGKE$,
"OI$ 'AN4 PAIDE$ MH POIHTOI, 'ALHQINOI DE, 'WSIN, 'AN2 DE TI$ 'OFLHI6,
TIMAN 'EI TEQNANAI CRH TON TOIOUTON 'EI=TE TI MEIZON "ETERON
TOUTOU PASCEIN 'H=-KAI MH POLLWI SMIKROTERON; KAI TWN


<P 879A>
SUGGENWN TOU* DRASANTO$ MHDENA DIKAZEIN, MHD' 'EA=N GEGONW$-'HI
TON CRONON "OSON "O NOMO$ 'EIRHKEN0. DOULO$ D' 'EA=N TI$ 'ELEUQERON
'ORGHI TRWSHI6, PARADOTW TON DOULON "O KEKTHMENO$ TW*I
TRWQENTI CRHSQAI "OTI2 'AN4 'EQELHI5; 'EA=N DE MH PARADIDWI0, 'AUTO$
THN BLABHN 'EXIASQW. 'EA=N DE 'EK SUNQHKH$ 'AITIATAI2 TOU*
DOULOU KAI TOU* TRWQENTO$ MHCANHN 'EINAI TI$ TO GEGONO$,
'AMFISBHTHSATW; 'EA=N DE MH "ELHI6, TRIPLASIAN 'EKTEISATW THN
BLABHN, "ELWN DE, 'ANDRAPODISMOU "UPODIKON 'ECETW TON TECNAZONTA
<P 879B>
META TOU* DOULOU. "O$4 D' 'AN4 'AKWN 'ALLO$ 'ALLON TRWSHI6,
TO BLABO$ "APLOUN 'APOTINETW % TUCH$ GAR NOMOQETH$ 'OUDEI$
"IKANO$ 'ARCEIN % DIKASTAI DE 'ONTWN2 "OIPER4 TOI$ 'EKGONOI$ PRO$
TOU$ GENNHTORA$ 'ERRHQHSAN, KAI TIMWNTWN2 THN 'AXIAN TH$
BLABH$.
BI=AIA MEN-DH PANQ' "HMIN TA PROEIRHMENA PAQH, BIAION
DE-KAI TO TH$ 'AIKIA$ PAN GENO$. "WDE 'OUN CRH PERI= TWN
TOIOUTWN PANTA 'ANDRA KAI PAIDA KAI GUNAIKA 'AEI DIANOEISQAI,
TO PRESBUTERON "W$ 'OU SMIKRWI TOU* NEWTEROU 'ESTI PRESBEUOMENON
<P 879C>
'EN TE QEOISI KAI 'EN 'ANQRWPOI$ TOI$ MELLOUSI4 SWIZESQAI
KAI 'EUDAIMONEIN. 'AIKIAN 'OUN PERI= PRESBUTERON 'EN POLEI
GENOMENHN "UPO NEWTEROU 'IDEIN 'AISCRON KAI QEOMISE$; 'EOIKEN0
DE NEWI PANTI "UPO GERONTO$ PLHGENTI "RA\QUMW$ 'ORGHN "UPOFEREIN,
"AUTWI TIQEMENWI TIMHN TAUTHN 'EI$ GHRA$. "WDE 'OUN
'ESTW. PA$ "HMIN 'AIDEISQW TON "EAUTOU PRESBUTERON 'ERGWI TE-KAI
'E=PEI; TON DE PROECONTA 'EIKOSIN "HLIKIA$ 'ETESIN, 'ARRENA
'H= QHLUN, NOMIZWN "W$ PATERA 'H= MHTERA DIEULABEISQW, KAI
<P 879D>
PASH$ TH$ DUNATH$ "HLIKIA$ 'AUTON FITUSAI0 KAI TEKEIN 'APECOITO
'AEI QEWN GENEQLIWN CARIN. "W$ D' "AUTW$ KAI XENOU
'APEIRGOITO 'EI=TE PALAI 'ENOIKOUNTO$ 'EI=TE NEHLUDO$ 'AFIGMENOU;
MHTE-GAR "UPARCWN MHTE 'AMUNOMENO$ TO PARAPAN TOLMATW
PLHGAI$ TON TOIOUTON NOUQETEIN. XENON DE 'AN2 'ASELGAINONTA
KAI QRASUNOMENON "EAUTON TUPTONTA 'OIHTAI DEIN KOLASQHNAI,
LABWN PRO$ THN 'ARCHN TWN 'ASTUNOMWN 'APAGETW, TOU* TUPTEIN
DE 'EIRGESQW, "INA PORRW GIGNHTAI TOU* TON 'EPICWRION 'AN4 TOLMHSAI0
<P 879E>
POTE PATAXAI0. "OI D' 'ASTUNOMOI PARALABONTE$ TE-KAI
'ANAKRINANTE$, TON XENIKON 'AU QEON 'EULABOUMENOI, 'EA=N 'A=RA
'ADIKW$ DOKHI5 "O XENO$ TON 'EPICWRION TUPTEIN, THI MASTIGI TON
XENON "OSA$ 'AN4 'AUTO$ PATAXHI6 TOSAUTA$ DONTE$, TH$ QRASUXENIA$
PAUONTWN2; 'EA=N DE MH 'ADIKHI5, 'APEILHSANTE$ TE-KAI 'ONEIDISANTE$
TW*I 'APAGAGONTI MEQIENTWN2 'AMFW. "HLIX DE "HLIKA KAI TON


<P 880A>
'APAIDA PROECONTA "HLIKIA\ "EAUTOU 'EA=N TUPTHI5, GERWN TE GERONTA
KAI 'EA=N NEO$ NEON, 'AMUNESQW KATA FUSIN 'ANEU BELOU$ YILAI$
TAI$ CERSIN; "O DE "UPER TETTARAKONTA GEGONW$ 'ETH 'EA=N TOLMA*I2
TWI MACESQAI, 'EI=TE 'ARCWN 'EI=TE 'AMUNOMENO$, 'AGROIKO$ KAI
'ANELEUQERO$ 'AN4 LEGOMENO$ 'ANDRAPODWDH$ TE, DIKH$ 'AN4 'EPONEIDISTOU
TUGCANWN TO PREPON 'ECOI. KAI 'EA=N MEN TI$ TOIOUTOI$
PARAMUQIOI$ 'EUPEIQH$ GIGNHTAI, 'EUHNIO$ 'AN4 'EIH; "O DE DUSPEIQH$
KAI MHDEN PROOIMIOU FRONTIZWN DECOIT' 'AN4 TON TOIONDE
<P 880B>
"ETOIMW$ NOMON; 'EA=N TI$ TUPTHI5 TON PRESBUTERON 'EIKOSIN
'ETESIN 'H= PLEIOSIN "EAUTOU, PRWTON MEN "O PROSTUGCANWN, 'EA=N
MH "HLIX MHDE NEWTERO$ 'HI TWN MACOMENWN, DIEIRGETW 'H= KAKO$
'ESTW KATA NOMON; 'EA=N DE 'EN THI TOU* PLHGENTO$ "HLIKIA\ 'H= 'ETI
NEWTERO$, 'AMUNETW "W$ 'ADELFWI 'H= PATRI 'H= 'ETI 'ANWTERW TW*I
'ADIKOUMENWI. PRO$ D' 'ETI DIKHN "UPECETW TH$ 'AIKIA$ "O TON
PRESBUTERON, "W$ 'EIRHTAI, TOLMHSA$ TUPTEIN, KAI 'EA=N 'OFLHI6
<P 880C>
THN DIKHN, DEDESQW MHDEN 'ENIAUTOU SMIKROTERON; 'EA=N DE "OI
DIKASTAI TIMHSWSIN PLEIONO$, 'ESTW KURIO$ "O TIMHQEI$ 'AUTWI
CRONO$. 'EA=N DE XENO$ 'H= TWN METOIKWN TI$ TUPTHI5 TON PRESBUTERON
'EIKOSIN 'ETESIN 'H= PLEIOSIN "EAUTOU, PERI= MEN TWN
PARAGENOMENWN TH$ BOHQEIA$ "O 'AUTO$ NOMO$ 'ECETW THN 'AUTHN
DUNAMIN, "O DE THN TOIAUTHN DIKHN "HTTHQEI$, XENO$ MEN 'WN KAI
MH SUNOIKO$, DUO 'ETH DEDEMENO$ 'EKTINETW TAUTHN 'AUTHN THN
DIKHN, "O DE METOIKO$ TE 'WN KAI 'APEIQWN TOI$ NOMOI$ TRIA
<P 880D>
'ETH DEDESQW, 'EA=N MH TO DIKASTHRION PLEIONO$ 'AUTWI CRONOU
TIMHSHI6 THN DIKHN. ZHMIOUSQW DE-KAI "O PARAGENOMENO$ "OTWIOUN
TOUTWN KAI MH BOHQHSA$ KATA NOMON, "O MEN MEGISTOU TIMHMATO$
'WN MNA*I, DEUTEROU DE 'WN PENTHKONTA DRACMAI$, TRITOU
DE TRIAKONTA, 'EIKOSI DE TOU* TETARTOU; DIKASTHRION DE GIGNESQW
TOI$ TOIOUTOISI STRATHGOI KAI TAXIARCOI FULARCOI TE-KAI
"IPPARCOI.
NOMOI DE, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "OI MEN TWN CRHSTWN 'ANQRWPWN
"ENEKA GIGNONTAI, DIDACH$ CARIN TOU* TI=NA TROPON "OMILOUNTE$
<P 880E>
'ALLHLOI$ 'AN4 FILOFRONW$ 'OIKOIEN, "OI DE TWN THN PAIDEIAN
DIAFUGONTWN3, 'ATERAMONI CRWMENWN TINI FUSEI KAI MHDEN
TEGCQENTWN5 "WSTE MH 'EPI PASAN 'IENAI KA=KHN. "OUTOI TOU$
MELLONTA$ LOGOU$ "RHQHSESQAI PEPOIHKOTE$ 'AN4 'EIEN; "OI$ DH
TOU$ NOMOU$ 'EX 'ANAGKH$ "O NOMOQETH$ 'AN4 NOMOQETOI, BOULOMENO$
'AUTWN MHDEPOTE CREIAN GIGNESQAI. PATRO$ GAR 'H=
MHTRO$ 'H= TOUTWN 'ETI PROGONWN "OSTI$ TOLMHSEI2 "AYASQAI POTE
BIAZOMENO$ 'AIKIA\ TINI, MHTE TWN 'ANW DEISA$ QEWN MHNIN MHTE


<P 881A>
TWN "UPO GH$ TIMWRIWN LEGOMENWN, 'ALLA= "W$ 'EIDW$ "A MHDAMW$
'OIDEN, KATAFRONWN TWN PALAIWN KAI "UPO PANTWN 'EIRHMENWN,
PARANOMEI0, TOUTWI DEI0 TINO$ 'APOTROPH$ 'ESCATH$. QANATO$
MEN-'OUN 'OUK 'ESTIN 'ESCATON, "OI DE 'EN "AIDOU TOUTOISI LEGOMENOI
PONOI 'ETI TE TOUTWN 'EISI MALLON 'EN 'ESCATOI$, KAI
'ALHQESTATA LEGONTE$ 'OUDEN 'ANUTOUSIN0 TAI$ TOIAUTAI$ YUCAI$
'APOTROPH$ % 'OU-GAR 'AN4 'EGIGNONTO POTE MHTRALOIAI TE-KAI TWN
'ALLWN GENNHTORWN 'ANOSIOI PLHGWN TOLMAI % DEI DH TA$ 'ENQADE
<P 881B>
KOLASEI$ PERI= TA TOIAUTA TOUTOISI TA$ 'EN TW*I ZHN MHDEN TWN
'EN "AIDOU LEIPESQAI KATA DUNAMIN. 'ESTW DH LEGOMENON TO
META TOUTO THIDE; "O$4 'AN4 TOLMHSHI6 PATERA 'H= MHTERA 'H= TOUTWN
PATERA$ 'H= MHTERA$ TUPTEIN MH MANIAI$ 'ECOMENO$, PRWTON MEN
"O PROSTUGCANWN KAQAPER 'EN TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN BOHQEITW, KAI
"O MEN METOIKO$ 'H= XENO$ 'EI$ PROEDRIAN TWN 'AGWNWN KALEISQW
BOHQWN, MH BOHQHSA$ DE 'AEIFUGIAN 'EK TH$ CWRA$ FEUGETW;
<P 881C>
"O DE MH METOIKO$ BOHQWN MEN 'EPAINON 'ECETW, MH BOHQWN DE,
YOGON; DOULO$ DE BOHQHSA$ MEN 'ELEUQERO$ GIGNESQW, MH
BOHQHSA$ DE PLHGA$ "EKATON THI MASTIGI TUPTESQW, 'EN 'AGORA*I
MEN 'AN2 GIGNHTAI TO GENOMENON, "UP' 'AGORANOMWN, 'EA=N D' 'EKTO$
'AGORA$ 'EN 'ASTEI, TWN 'ASTUNOMWN KOLAZEIN TON 'EPIDHMOUNTA,
'EA=N DE KAT' 'AGROU$ TH$ CWRA$ POU, TOU$ TWN 'AGRONOMWN
'ARCONTA$. 'EA=N D' 'EPICWRIO$ "O PARATUGCANWN 'HI TI$, 'EANTE
<P 881D>
PAI$ 'EANTE 'ANHR 'EANT'-'OUN GUNH, 'AMUNETW PA$ TON 'ANOSION
'EPONOMAZWN; "O DE MH 'AMUNWN0 'ARA*I 'ENECESQW DIO$ "OMOGNIOU
KAI PATRWIOU KATA NOMON. 'EA=N DE TI$ 'OFLHI6 DIKHN 'AIKIA$
GONEWN, PRWTON MEN FEUGETW 'AEIFUGIAN 'EX 'ASTEO$ 'EI$ THN
'ALLHN CWRAN KAI PANTWN "IERWN 'EIRGESQW; MH-DE 'EIRGOMENON
KOLAZONTWN2 'AUTON 'AGRONOMOI PLHGAI$ KAI PANTW$ "W$ 'AN4
'EQELWSIN, KATELQWN DE QANATWI ZHMIOUSQW. 'EA=N DE TI$
TW*I TOIOUTWI "OSOI 'ELEUQEROI, SUMFAGHI6 'H= SUMPIHI6 'H= TINA
<P 881E>
TOIAUTHN 'ALLHN KOINWNIAN KOINWNHSHI6, 'H=-KAI MONON 'ENTUGCANWN
POU PROSAPTHTAI "EKWN, MHTE 'EI$ "IERON 'ELQHI6 MHDEN
MHT' 'EI$ 'AGORAN MHT' 'EI$ POLIN "OLW$ PROTERON 'H= KAQHRHTAI,
NOMIZWN KEKOINWNHKENAI 'ALITHRIWDOU$ TUCH$; 'EA=N DE 'APEIQWN
NOMWI "IERA KAI POLIN MIAINHI5 PARANOMW$, "O$4 'AN4 TWN 'ARCONTWN0
'AISQOMENO$ MH 'EPAGHI5 DIKHN TW*I TOIOUTWI, 'EN 'EUQUNAI$ 'ESTW


<P 882A>
TWN KATHGORHMATWN TWN MEGISTWN "EN TOUTO 'AUTWI. 'EA=N DE
'AU DOULO$ TUPTHI5 TON 'ELEUQERON, 'EI=T'-'OUN XENON 'EI=TE 'ASTON,
BOHQEITW MEN "O PROSTUGCANWN 'H= KATA TO TIMHMA THN 'EIRHMENHN
ZHMIAN 'APOTINETW, SUNDHSANTE$ DE "OI PROSTUGCANONTE$
META TOU* PLHGENTO$ PARADONTWN4 TW*I 'ADIKOUMENWI; "O
<P 882B>
DE PARALABWN, DHSA$ 'EN PEDAI$ KAI MASTIGWSA$ "OPOSA$ 'AN4
'EQELHI5, MHDEN BLAPTWN TON DESPOTHN, PARADOTW 'EKEINWI
KEKTHSQAI KATA NOMON. "O DE NOMO$ 'ESTW; "O$4 'AN4 'ELEUQERON
DOULO$ 'WN TUPTHI5 MH TWN 'ARCONTWN0 KELEUONTWN0, PARALABWN
"O KEKTHMENO$ PARA TOU* PLHGENTO$ DEDEMENON 'AUTON MH LUSHI6,
<P 882C>
PRIN 'AN4 "O DOULO$ PEISHI6 TON PLHGENTA 'AXIO$ 'EINAI TOU* LELUMENO$
ZHN. TA 'AUTA DE GUNAIXIN TE 'ESTW PRO$ 'ALLHLA$
PERI= PANTWN TWN TOIOUTWN NOMIMA, KAI PRO$ 'ANDRA$ GUNAIXI
KAI 'ANDRASI PRO$ GUNAIKA$.


<B NOM10>


<P 884A>
AQ _ META DE TA$ 'AIKIA$ PERI= PANTO$ "EN 'EIRHSQW TOIONDE
TI NOMIMON BIAIWN PE=RI; TWN 'ALLOTRIWN MHDENA MHDEN
FEREIN MHDE 'AGEIN, MHD' 'AU CRHSQAI MHDENI TWN TOU* PELA$,
'EA=N MH PEISHI6 TON KEKTHMENON; 'EK GAR-DH TOU* TOIOUTOU PANTA
'HRTHMENA TA TE 'EIRHMENA KAKA GEGONE0 KAI 'ESTI KAI 'ESTAI.
MEGISTA DE-DH TWN LOIPWN "AI TWN NEWN 'AKOLASIAI TE-KAI
"UBREI$, 'EI$ MEGISTA DE, "OTAN 'EI$ "IERA GIGNWNTAI, KAI DIAFERONTW$
'AU MEGALA, "OTAN 'EI$ DHMO=SIA KAI "A=GIA 'H= KATA
MERH KOINA FULETWN 'H= TINWN 'ALLWN TOIOUTWN KEKOINWNHKOTWN;


<P 885A>
'EI$ "IERA DE 'I=DIA KAI TAFOU$ DEU=TERA KAI DEUTERW$,
'EI$ DE GONEA$ TRITA, CWRI$ TWN 'EMPROSQEN 'EIRHMENWN, "OTAN
"UBRIZHI5 TI$. TETARTON DE GENO$ "UBREW$, "OTAN 'AFRONTISTWN
TI$ 'ARCONTWN0 'AGHI5 'H= FERHI5 'H= CRHTAI2 TINI TWN 'EKEINWN MH
PEISA$ 'AUTOU$, PEMPTON DE TO POLITIKON 'AN4 'EIH "EKASTOU
TWN POLITWN "UBRISQEN DIKHN 'EPIKALOUMENON0. "OI$ DH DOTEON
'EI$ KOINON NOMON "EKASTOI$. "IEROSULIA MEN-GAR 'EIRHTAI
<P 885B>
SULLHBDHN, BIAIO$ TE-KAI LAQRA\ 'EA=N GIGNHTAI, TI= CRH PASCEIN;
"OSA DE LOGWI KAI "OSA 'ERGWI PERI= QEOU$ "UBRIZEI0 TI$
LEGWN 'H= PRATTWN, TO PARAMUQION "UPOQEMENWI "RHTEON "A DEI
PASCEIN. 'ESW DH TODE. QEOU$ "HGOUMENO$ 'EINAI KATA
NOMOU$ 'OUDEI$ PWPOTE 'OUTE 'ERGON 'ASEBE$ 'HRGASATO "EKWN
'OUTE LOGON 'AFHKEN 'ANOMON, 'ALLA= "EN DH TI TWN TRIWN PASCWN,
'H= TOUTO, "OPER 'EIPON, 'OUC "HGOUMENO$, 'H= TO DEUTERON 'ONTA$ 'OU
FRONTIZEIN 'ANQRWPWN, 'H= TRITON 'EUPARAMUQHTOU$ 'EINAI QUSIAI$
TE-KAI 'EUCAI$ PARAGOMENOU$.
<P 885C>
KL _ TI= 'OUN-DH DRWIMEN 'AN4 'H=-KAI LEGOIMEN PRO$ 'AUTOU$:
AQ _ 'WGAQE, 'EPAKOUSWMEN 'AUTWN PRWTON "A TW*I KATAFRONEIN
"HMWN PROSPAIZONTA$ 'AUTOU$ LEGEIN MANTEUOMAI.
KL _ POI*A DH:
AQ _ TAUTA TAC' 'AN4 'ERESCHLOUNTE$ 'EIPOIEN; 'W* XENE
'AQHNAIE KAI LAKEDAIMONIE KAI KNWSIE, 'ALHQH LEGETE0.
"HMWN GAR "OI MEN TO PARAPAN QEOU$ 'OUDAMW$ NOMIZOMEN, "OI
DE "OIOU$ "UMEI$ LEGETE0. 'AXIOUMEN DH, KAQAPER "UMEI$ 'HXIWKATE
<P 885D>
PERI= NOMWN, PRIN 'APEILEIN "HMIN SKLHRW$, "UMA$ PROTERON
'EPICEIREIN PEIQEIN KAI DIDASKEIN "W$ 'EISI QEOI, TEKMHRIA
LEGONTE$ "IKANA, KAI "OTI4 BELTIOU$ 'H= PARA TO DIKAION "UPO
TINWN DWRWN PARATREPESQAI KHLOUMENOI. NU*N MEN-GAR TAUTA
'AKOUONTE$ TE-KAI TOIAUQ' "E=TERA TWN LEGOMENWN 'ARISTWN 'EINAI
POIHTWN TE-KAI "RHTORWN KAI MANTEWN KAI "IEREWN KAI 'ALLWN
MURIAKI$ MURIWN, 'OUK 'EPI TO MH DRAN TA 'ADIKA TREPOMEQA "OI
<P 885E>
PLEISTOI, DRASANTE$ D' 'EXAKEISQAI PEIRWMEQA0. PARA DE-DH
NOMOQETWN, FASKONTWN0 'EINAI MH 'AGRIWN 'ALLA= "HMERWN, 'AXIOUMEN
PEIQOI* PRWTON CRHSQAI PRO$ "HMA$, 'EI MH POLLWI BELTIW
TWN 'ALLWN LEGONTA$ PERI= QEWN "W$ 'EISIN, 'ALL'-'OUN BELTIW
GE PRO$ 'ALHQEIAN, KAI TACA PEIQOIMEQ' 'AN4 'ISW$ "UMIN. 'ALL'
'EPICEIREITE3, 'EI TI METRION LEGOMEN, 'EIPEIN "A PROKALOUMEQA0.
KL _ 'OUKOU*N, 'W* XENE, DOKEI0 "RA\DION 'EINAI 'ALHQEUONTA$
LEGEIN "W$ 'EISIN QEOI:


<P 886A>
AQ _ PW*$:
KL _ PRWTON MEN GH KAI "HLIO$ 'ASTRA TE-KAI TA SUMPANTA,
KAI TA TWN "WRWN DIAKEKOSMHMENA KALW$ "OUTW$, 'ENIAUTOI$
TE-KAI MHSIN DIEILHMMENA; KAI "OTI4 PANTE$ "ELLHNE$ TE-KAI
BARBAROI NOMIZOUSIN0 'EINAI QEOU$.
AQ _ FOBOUMAI GE, 'W* MAKARIE, TOU$ MOCQHROU$ % 'OU-GAR-DH
POTE 'EIPOIM' 'AN4 "W$ GE 'AIDOUMAI % MH PW$ "HMWN KATAFRONHSWSIN.
"UMEI$ MEN-GAR 'OUK 'ISTE0 'AUTWN PE=RI THN TH$
DIAFORA$ 'AITIAN, 'ALL' "HGEISQE0 'AKRATEIA\ MONON "HDONWN TE-KAI
<P 886B>
'EPIQUMIWN 'EPI TON 'ASEBH BION "ORMASQAI TA$ YUCA$
'AUTWN.
KL _ TO DE TI= PRO$ TOUTOI$ 'AITION 'AN4, 'W* XENE, 'EIH:
AQ _ SCEDON "O= PANTAPASIN "UMEI$ 'EXW ZWNTE$ 'OUK 'AN4
'EIDEIHTE, 'ALLA= "UMA$ 'AN4 LANQANOI.
KL _ TI= DH TOUTO FRAZEI$ TA NU*N:
AQ _ 'AMAQIA TI$ MALA CALEPH, DOKOUSA 'EINAI MEGISTH
FRONHSI$.
KL _ PW*$ LEGEI$:
AQ _ 'EISIN "HMIN 'EN GRAMMASIN LOGOI KEIMENOI, "OI=4 PAR' "UMIN
'OUK 'EISIN DI' 'ARETHN POLITEIA$, "W$ 'EGW MANQANW0, "OI MEN 'EN
<P 886C>
TISI METROI$, "OI DE-KAI 'ANEU METRWN LEGONTE$ PERI= QEWN,
"OI MEN PALAIOTATOI "W$ GEGONEN0 "H PRWTH FUSI$ 'OURANOU
TWN TE 'ALLWN, PROIONTE$ DE TH$ 'ARCH$ 'OU POLU QEOGONIAN
DIEXERCONTAI, GENOMENOI TE "W$ PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ "WMILHSAN; "A
TOI$ 'AKOUOUSIN4 'EI MEN 'EI$ 'ALLO TI KALW$ 'H= MH KALW$ 'ECEI0,
'OU "RA\DION 'EPITIMAN PALAIOI$ 'OUSIN, 'EI$ MENTOI GONEWN TE
QERAPEIA$ KAI TIMA$ 'OUK 'AN4 'EGWGE POTE 'EPAINWN 'EIPOIMI
'OUTE "W$ 'WFELIMA 'OUTE "W$ TO PARAPAN 'ONTW$ 'EIRHTAI. TA
<P 886D>
MEN-'OUN-DH TWN 'ARCAIWN PE=RI MEQEISQW KAI CAIRETW, KAI
"OPHI QEOISIN FILON, LEGESQW TAUTHI; TA DE TWN NEWN "HMIN
KAI SOFWN 'AITIAQHTW "OPHI KAKWN 'AI=TIA. TODE 'OUN "OI TWN
TOIOUTWN 'EXERGAZONTAI LOGOI; 'EMOU4 GAR-KAI SOU4, "OTAN TEKMHRIA
LEGWMEN "W$ 'EISIN QEOI, TAUTA 'AUTA PROFERONTE$,
"HLION TE-KAI SELHNHN KAI 'ASTRA KAI GHN "W$ QEOU$ KAI QEI*A
'ONTA, "UPO TWN SOFWN TOUTWN 'ANAPEPEISMENOI 'AN4 LEGOIEN
"W$ GHN TE-KAI LIQOU$ 'ONTA 'AUTA KAI 'OUDEN TWN 'ANQRWPEIWN
<P 886E>
PRAGMATWN FRONTIZEIN DUNAMENA, LOGOISI DE TAUTA 'EU PW$
'EI$ TO PIQANON PERIPEPEMMENA.
KL _ CALEPON GE LOGON, 'W* XENE, 'EIRHKW$ TUGCANEI$, 'EI
GE "EI$ 'H*N MONON; NU*N DE "OTE PAMPOLLOI TUGCANOUSIN0, 'ETI
CALEPWTERON 'AN4 'EIH.
AQ _ TI= 'OUN-DH: TI= LEGOMEN: TI= CRH DRAN "HMA$: POTERON
'APOLOGHSWMEQA "OION KATHGORHSANTO$ TINO$ 'EN 'ASEBESIN
'ANQRWPOI$ "HMWN, FEUGOUSI4 PERI= TH$ NOMOQESIA$ LEGOUSIN4


<P 887A>
"W$ DEINA 'ERGAZOMEQA NOMOQETOUNTE$ "W$ 'ONTWN0 QEWN: 'H= CAIREIN
'EASANTE$ 'EPI TOU$ NOMOU$ TREPWMEQA PALIN, MH KAI
TO PROOIMION "HMIN MAKROTERON GIGNHTAI TWN NOMWN: 'OU-GAR
TI BRACU$ "O LOGO$ 'EKTAQEI$ 'AN4 GIGNOITO, 'EI TOISIN 'EPIQUMOUSIN4
'ASEBEIN TA MEN 'APODEIXAIMEN METRIW$ TOI$ LOGOI$
"WN 'EFRAZON DEIN PE=RI LEGEIN, TON DE 'EI$ FOBON TREYAIMEN,
TA DE DUSCERAINEIN POIHSANTE$, "OSA PREPEI0 META TAUTA 'HDH
NOMOQETOIMEN.
<P 887B>
KL _ 'ALL', 'W* XENE, POLLAKI$ MEN "W$ GE 'EN 'OLIGWI CRONWI
TOUT' 'AUTO 'EIRHKAMEN, "W$ 'OUDEN 'EN TW*I PARONTI DEI PROTIMAN
BRACULOGIAN MALLON 'H= MHKO$ % 'OUDEI$ GAR "HMA$, TO LEGOMENON,
'EPEIGWN DIWKEI0 % GELOION DH-KAI FAULON TO PRO TWN
BELTISTWN TA BRACU=TERA "AIROUMENOU$ FAINESQAI. DIAFEREI0
D' 'OU SMIKRON "AMW$ GE PW$ PIQANOTHTA TINA TOU$ LOGOU$
"HMWN 'ECEIN, "W$ QEOI T' 'EISIN KAI 'AGAQOI, DIKHN TIMWNTE$
DIAFERONTW$ 'ANQRWPWN; SCEDON GAR TOUTO "HMIN "UPER "APANTWN
<P 887C>
TWN NOMWN KALLISTON TE-KAI 'ARISTON PROOIMION 'AN4
'EIH. MHDEN 'OUN DUSCERANANTE$ MHDE 'EPEICQENTE$, "HNTINA
POTE 'ECOMEN DUNAMIN 'EI$ PEIQW= TWN TOIOUTWN LOGWN, MHDEN
'APOQEMENOI DIEXELQWMEN 'EI$ TO DUNATON "IKANW$.
AQ _ 'EUCHN MOI DOKEI0 PARAKALEIN0 "O LEGOMENO$ "UPO SOU4
NU*N LOGO$, 'EPEIDH PROQUMW$ SUNTEINEI$; MELLEIN DE 'OUKETI
'EGCWREI0 LEGEIN. FERE DH, PW*$ 'AN4 TI$ MH QUMWI LEGOI PERI=
QEWN "W$ 'EISIN: 'ANAGKH GAR-DH CALEPW$ FEREIN KAI MISEIN
<P 887D>
'EKEINOU$ "OI=4 TOUTWN "HMIN 'AITIOI TWN LOGWN GEGENHNTAI KAI
GIGNONTAI NU*N, 'OU PEIQOMENOI TOI$ MUQOI$ "OU$ 'EK NEWN PAIDWN
'ETI 'EN GALAXI TREFOMENOI TROFWN TE 'HKOUON KAI MHTERWN,
"OION 'EN 'EPWIDAI$ META TE PAIDIA$ KAI META SPOUDH$ LEGOMENWN
KAI META QUSIWN 'EN 'EUCAI$ 'AUTOU$ 'AKOUONTE$ TE-KAI
'OYEI$ "ORWNTE$ "EPOMENA$ 'AUTOI$ "A$ "HDISTA "O GE NEO$ "ORA*I0 TE-KAI
'AKOUEI0 PRATTOMENA$ QUONTWN0, 'EN SPOUDHI THI MEGISTHI TOU$
"AUTWN GONEA$ "UPER "AUTWN TE-KAI 'EKEINWN 'ESPOUDAKOTA$, "W$
<P 887E>
"OTI2 MALISTA 'OUSIN QEOI$ 'EUCAI$ PROSDIALEGOMENOU$ KAI "IKETEIAI$,
'ANATELLONTO$ TE "HLIOU KAI SELHNH$ KAI PRO$ DUSMA$
'IONTWN0 PROKULISEI$ "AMA KAI PROSKUNHSEI$ 'AKOUONTE$ TE-KAI
"ORWNTE$ "ELLHNWN TE-KAI BARBARWN PANTWN 'EN SUMFORAI$
PANTOIAI$ 'ECOMENWN KAI 'EN 'EUPRAGIAI$, 'OUC "W$ 'OUK 'ONTWN0
'ALL' "W$ "OTI2 MALISTA 'ONTWN0 KAI 'OUDAMHI "UPOYIAN 'ENDIDONTWN0
"W$ 'OUK 'EISIN QEOI % TOUTWN DH PANTWN "OSOI KATAFRONHSANTE$
'OUDE 'EX "ENO$ "IKANOU LOGOU, "W$ FAIEN 'AN4 "OSOI KAI SMIKRON
NOU KEKTHNTAI, NU*N 'ANAGKAZOUSIN0 "HMA$ LEGEIN "A LEGOMEN,


<P 888A>
PW*$ TOUTOU$ 'AN4 TI$ 'EN PRA\ESI LOGOI$ DUNAITO NOUQETWN "AMA
DIDASKEIN PERI= QEWN PRWTON "W$ 'EISIN: TOLMHTEON DE; 'OU-GAR
"AMA GE DEI MANHNAI TOU$ MEN "UPO LAIMARGIA$ "HDONH$ "HMWN,
TOU$ D' "UPO TOU* QUMOUSQAI TOI$ TOIOUTOI$. 'ITW DH PRORRHSI$
TOIADE TI$ 'AQUMO$ TOI$ "OUTW THN DIANOIAN DIEFQARMENOI$, KAI
LEGWMEN PRA\W$, SBESANTE$ TON QUMON, "W$ "ENI DIALEGOMENOI
TWN TOIOUTWN; 'W* PAI, NEO$ 'EI*, PROIWN DE SE "O CRONO$ POIHSEI2
<P 888B>
POLLA "WN NU*N DOXAZEI$ METABALONTA 'EPI 'TANANTIA TIQESQAI;
PERIMEINON 'OUN 'EI$ TO=TE KRITH$ PERI= TWN MEGISTWN GIGNESQAI,
MEGISTON DE, "O= NU*N 'OUDEN "HGHI0 SU, TO PERI= TOU$ QEOU$ 'ORQW$
DIANOHQENTA ZHN KALW$ 'H= MH. PRWTON DE PERI= 'AUTWN "EN
TI MEGA SOI4 MHNUWN 'OUK 'AN4 POTE FANEIHN YEUDH$, TO TOIONDE.
'OU SU MONO$ 'OUDE "OI SOI2 FILOI PRWTOI KAI PRWTON TAUTHN
DOXAN PERI= QEWN 'ESCETE, GIGNONTAI DE 'AEI PLEIOU$ 'H= 'ELATTOU$
TAUTHN THN NOSON 'ECONTE$; TODE TOINUN SOI4, PARAGEGONW$
<P 888C>
'AUTWN POLLOISI, FRAZOIM' 'AN4, TO MHDENA PWPOTE LABONTA
'EK NEOU TAUTHN THN DOXAN PERI= QEWN, "W$ 'OUK 'EISIN, DIATELESAI0
PRO$ GHRA$ MEINANTA 'EN TAUTHI THI DIANOHSEI, TA DUO
MENTOI PAQH PERI= QEOU$ MEINAI0, POLLOISI MEN 'OU=, MEINAI0 DE-'OUN
TISIN, TO TOU$ QEOU$ 'EINAI MEN, FRONTIZEIN DE 'OUDEN TWN
'ANQRWPINWN, KAI TO META TOUTO, "W$ FRONTIZOUSI0 MEN, 'EUPARAMUQHTOI
D' 'EISIN QUMASIN KAI 'EUCAI$. TO DH SAFE$
'AN4 GENOMENON SOI4 PERI= 'AUTWN KATA DUNAMIN DOGMA, 'AN2 'EMOI4
PEIQHI5, PERIMENEI$2, 'ANASKOPWN 'EI=TE "OUTW$ 'EI=TE 'ALLW$ 'ECEI0,
<P 888D>
PUNQANOMENO$ PARA TE TWN 'ALLWN KAI-DH-KAI MALISTA KAI
PARA TOU* NOMOQETOU; 'EN DE-DH TOUTWI TW*I CRONWI MH TOLMHSHI$
PERI= QEOU$ MHDEN 'ASEBHSAI0. PEIRATEON GAR TW*I TOU$ NOMOU$
SOI4 TIQENTI NU*N KAI 'EI$ 'AUQI$ DIDASKEIN PERI= 'AUTWN TOUTWN
"W$ 'ECEI0.
KL _ KALLISQ' "HMIN, 'W* XENE, MECRI GE TOU* NU*N 'EIRHTAI.
AQ _ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN, 'W* MEGILLE TE-KAI KLEINIA;
LELHQAMEN D' "HMA$-'AUTOU$ 'EI$ QAUMASTON LOGON
'EMPEPTWKOTE$.
KL _ TON POI*ON DH LEGEI$:
<P 888E>
AQ _ TON PARA POLLOI$ DOXAZOMENON 'EINAI SOFWTATON
"APANTWN LOGWN.
KL _ FRAZ' 'ETI SAFESTERON.
AQ _ LEGOUSI0 POU TINE$ "W$ PANTA 'ESTI TA PRAGMATA
GIGNOMENA KAI GENOMENA KAI GENHSOMENA TA MEN FUSEI, TA
DE TECNHI, TA DE DIA= TUCHN.
KL _ 'OUKOU*N KALW$:
AQ _ 'EIKO$ GE-TOI-POU SOFOU$ 'ANDRA$ 'ORQW$ LEGEIN;


<P 889A>
"EPOMENOI GE-MHN 'AUTOI$ SKEYWMEQA TOU$ 'EKEIQEN TI= POTE
KAI TUGCANOUSI0 DIANOOUMENOI.
KL _ PANTW$.
AQ _ 'EOIKE0, FASIN0, TA MEN MEGISTA 'AUTWN KAI KALLISTA
'APERGAZESQAI FUSIN KAI TUCHN, TA DE SMIKRO=TERA TECNHN,
"HN DH PARA FUSEW$ LAMBANOUSAN THN TWN MEGALWN KAI
PRWTWN GENESIN 'ERGWN, PLATTEIN KAI TEKTAINESQAI PANTA TA
SMIKRO=TERA, "A DH TECNIKA PANTE$ PROSAGOREUOMEN.
KL _ PW*$ LEGEI$:
<P 889B>
AQ _ "WD' 'ETI SAFESTERON 'ERW2. PUR KAI "UDWR KAI GHN
KAI 'AERA FUSEI PANTA 'EINAI KAI TUCHI FASIN0, TECNHI DE 'OUDEN
TOUTWN, KAI TA META TAUTA 'AU SWMATA, GH$ TE-KAI "HLIOU
KAI SELHNH$ 'ASTRWN TE PE=RI DIA= TOUTWN GEGONENAI PANTELW$
'ONTWN0 'AYUCWN; TUCHI DE FEROMENA THI TH$ DUNAMEW$ "EKASTA
"EKASTWN, "HI SUMPEPTWKEN0 "ARMOTTONTA 'OIKEIW$ PW$, QERMA
YUCROI$ 'H= XHRA PRO$ "UGRA KAI MALAKA PRO$ SKLHRA, KAI
<P 889C>
PANTA "OPOSA THI TWN 'ENANTIWN KRASEI KATA TUCHN 'EX 'ANAGKH$
SUNEKERASQH, TAUTHI KAI KATA TAUTA "OUTW$ GEGENNHKENAI
TON TE 'OURANON "OLON KAI PANTA "OPOSA KAT' 'OURANON, KAI
ZWIA 'AU KAI FUTA SUMPANTA, "WRWN PASWN 'EK TOUTWN GENOMENWN,
'OU-DE DIA= NOUN, FASIN0, 'OUDE DIA= TINA QEON 'OUDE DIA=
TECNHN 'ALLA=, "O= LEGOMEN, FUSEI KAI TUCHI. TECNHN DE
"USTERON 'EK TOUTWN "USTERAN GENOMENHN, 'AUTHN QNHTHN 'EK
<P 889D>
QNHTWN "U=STERA GEGENNHKENAI PAIDIA$ TINA$, 'ALHQEIA$ 'OU
SFO=DRA METECOUSA$, 'ALLA= 'EIDWL' 'ATTA SUGGENH "EAUTWN,
"OI*' "H GRAFIKH GENNA*I0 KAI MOUSIKH KAI "OSAI TAUTAI$ 'EISIN
SUNERIQOI TECNAI; "AI=4 DE TI KAI SPOUDAION 'A=RA GENNWSI0 TWN
TECNWN, 'EINAI TAUTA$ "OPOSAI THI FUSEI 'EKOINWSAN THN "AUTWN
DUNAMIN, "OION 'AU 'IATRIKH KAI GEWRGIKH KAI GUMNASTIKH; KAI-DH-KAI
THN POLITIKHN SMIKRON TI MERO$ 'EINAI FASIN0 KOINWNOUN
FUSEI, TECNHI DE TO POLU, "OUTW DE-KAI THN NOMOQESIAN
<P 889E>
PASAN 'OU FUSEI, TECNHI DE, "H$ 'OUK 'ALHQEI$ 'EINAI TA$ QESEI$.
KL _ PW*$ LEGEI$:
AQ _ QEOU$, 'W* MAKARIE, 'EINAI PRWTON FASIN0 "OUTOI TECNHI,
'OU FUSEI 'ALLA= TISIN NOMOI$, KAI TOUTOU$ 'ALLOU$ 'ALLHI, "OPHI
"EKASTOI "EAUTOISI SUNWMOLOGHSAN NOMOQETOUMENOI; KAI-DH-KAI
TA KALA FUSEI MEN 'A=LLA 'EINAI, NOMWI DE "E=TERA, TA DE-DH
DI=KAIA 'OUD' 'EINAI TO PARAPAN FUSEI, 'ALL' 'AMFISBHTOUNTA$
DIATELEIN0 'ALLHLOI$ KAI METATIQEMENOU$ 'AEI TAUTA, "A D' 'AN4


<P 890A>
METAQWNTAI KAI "OTAN, TO=TE KU=RIA "EKASTA 'EINAI, GIGNOMENA
TECNHI KAI TOI$ NOMOI$ 'ALL'-'OU-DH TINI FUSEI. TAUT' 'ESTIN,
'W* FILOI, "APANTA 'ANDRWN SOFWN PARA NEOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$,
'IDIWTWN TE-KAI POIHTWN, FASKONTWN0 'EINAI TO DIKAIOTATON
"OTI2 TI$ 'AN4 NIKA*I2 BIAZOMENO$; "OQEN 'ASEBEIAI TE 'ANQRWPOI$
'EMPIPTOUSIN0 NEOI$, "W$ 'OUK 'ONTWN0 QEWN "OIOU$ "O NOMO$ PROSTATTEI0
DIANOEISQAI DEIN, STASEI$ TE DIA= TAUTA "ELKONTWN0 PRO$
TON KATA FUSIN 'ORQON BION, "O$4 'ESTIN THI 'ALHQEIA\ KRATOUNTA
ZHN TWN 'ALLWN KAI MH DOULEUONTA "ETEROISI KATA NOMON.
<P 890B>
KL _ "OION DIELHLUQA$, 'W* XENE, LOGON, KAI "OSHN LWBHN
'ANQRWPWN NEWN DHMOSIA\ POLESIN TE-KAI 'IDIOI$ 'OIKOI$.
AQ _ 'ALHQH MENTOI LEGEI$, 'W* KLEINIA. TI= 'OUN 'OIEI CRHNAI0
DRAN TON NOMOQETHN, "OUTW TOUTWN PALAI PARESKEUASMENWN:
'H= MONON 'APEILEIN STANTA 'EN THI POLEI SUMPASI TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$,
"W$ 'EI MH FHSOUSIN2 'EINAI QEOU$ KAI DIANOHQHSONTAI
DOXAZONTE$ TOIOUTOU$ "OIOU$ FHSIN "O NOMO$ % KAI PERI= KALWN
KAI DIKAIWN KAI PERI= "APANTWN TWN MEGISTWN "O 'AUTO$ LOGO$,
<P 890C>
"OSA DE PRO$ 'ARETHN TEINEI0 KAI KAKIAN, "W$ DEI TAUTA "OUTW
PRATTEIN DIANOOUMENOU$ "OPHIPER 'AN4 "O NOMOQETH$ "UFHGHSHTAI
GRAFWN % "O$4 D' 'AN4 MH PARECHTAI "EAUTON TOI$ NOMOI$ 'EUPEIQH,
TON MEN DEIN TEQNANAI, TON DE TINA PLHGAI$ KAI DESMOI$,
TON DE 'ATIMIAI$, 'ALLOU$ DE PENIAI$ KOLAZESQAI KAI FUGAI$;
PEIQW= DE TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$, "AMA TIQENTA 'AUTOI$ TOU$ NOMOU$,
MHDEMIAN 'ECEIN TOI$ LOGOI$ PROSAPTONTA 'EI$ DUNAMIN
"HMEROUN0:
<P 890D>
KL _ MHDAMW$, 'W* XENE, 'ALL' 'EIPER TUGCANEI0 GE 'OUSA
KAI SMIKRA PEIQW= TI$ PERI= TA TOIAUTA, DEI MHDAMHI KAMNEIN
TON GE 'AXION KAI SMIKROU NOMOQETHN, 'ALLA= PASAN, TO LEGOMENON,
FWNHN "IENTA, TW*I PALAIWI NOMWI 'EPIKOURON GIGNESQAI
LOGWI "W$ 'EISIN QEOI KAI "OSA NUNDH DIHLQE$ SU, KAI-DH-KAI
NOMWI 'AUTWI BOHQHSAI0 KAI TECNHI "W$ 'ESTON0 FUSEI 'H= FUSEW$
'OUC "HTTON, 'EIPER NOU GE 'ESTIN GENNHMATA KATA LOGON 'ORQON,
"ON SU TE LEGEIN MOI FAINHI0 KAI 'EGW SOI4 PISTEUW0 TA NU*N.
<P 890E>
AQ _ 'W* PROQUMOTATE KLEINIA, TI= D': 'OU CALEPA TE 'ESTI
SUNAKOLOUQEIN LOGOI$ "OUTW$ 'EI$ PLHQH LEGOMENA, MHKH TE
'AU KEKTHTAI DIWLU=GIA:
KL _ TI= DE, 'W* XENE: PERI= MEQH$ MEN-KAI MOUSIKH$ "OUTW
MAKRA LEGONTA$ "HMA$-'AUTOU$ PERIEMEINAMEN, PERI= QEWN DE-KAI
TWN TOIOUTWN 'OUC "UPOMENOUMEN: KAI-MHN-KAI NOMOQESIA\
GE 'ESTIN POU THI META FRONHSEW$ MEGISTH BOHQEIA, DIOTI


<P 891A>
TA PERI= NOMOU$ PROSTAGMATA 'EN GRAMMASI TEQENTA, "W$
DWSONTA 'EI$ PANTA CRONON 'ELEGCON, PANTW$ 'HREMEI0, "WSTE
'OUT' 'EI CALEPA KAT' 'ARCA$ 'AKOUEIN 'ESTIN FOBHTEON, "A G'
'ESTAI KAI TW*I DUSMAQEI POLLAKI$ 'EPANIONTI SKOPEIN, 'OUTE
'EI MAKRA 'WFELIMA DE, DIA= TAUTA LOGON 'OUDAMHI 'ECEI0 'OUDE
"OSION 'EMOIGE 'EINAI FAINETAI TO MH 'OU BOHQEIN TOUTOI$ TOI$
LOGOI$ PANTA 'ANDRA KATA DUNAMIN.
ME _ 'ARISTA, 'W* XENE, DOKEI0 MOI LEGEIN KLEINIA$.
<P 891B>
AQ _ KAI MALA GE, 'W* MEGILLE, POIHTEON TE "W$ LEGEI0.
KAI-GAR 'EI MH KATESPARMENOI-'HSAN "OI TOIOUTOI LOGOI 'EN TOI$
PASIN "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN 'ANQRWPOI$, 'OUDEN 'AN4 'EDEI TWN 'EPAMUNOUNTWN
LOGWN "W$ 'EISIN QEOI; NU*N DE 'ANAGKH. NOMOI$
'OUN DIAFQEIROMENOI$ TOI$ MEGISTOI$ "UPO KAKWN 'ANQRWPWN
TI=NA KAI MALLON PROSHKEI0 BOHQEIN 'H= NOMOQETHN:
ME _ 'OUK 'ESTIN.
AQ _ 'ALLA=-DH LEGE MOI PALIN, KLEINIA, KAI SU % KOINWNON
<P 891C>
GAR DEI SE 'EINAI TWN LOGWN % KINDUNEUEI0 GAR "O LEGWN
TAUTA PUR KAI "UDWR KAI GHN KAI 'AERA PRWTA "HGEISQAI TWN
PANTWN 'EINAI, KAI THN FUSIN 'ONOMAZEIN TAUTA 'AUTA, YUCHN
DE 'EK TOUTWN "USTERON. 'EOIKEN0 DE 'OU KINDUNEUEIN 'ALLA=
'ONTW$ SHMAINEIN TAUTA "HMIN TW*I LOGWI.
KL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ 'A*R'-'OUN PRO$ DIO$ "OION PHGHN TINA 'ANOHTOU DOXH$
'ANHURHKAMEN 'ANQRWPWN "OPOSOI PWPOTE TWN PERI= FUSEW$
'EFHYANTO ZHTHMATWN: SKOPEI5 PANTA LOGON 'EXETAZWN; 'OU-GAR-DH
<P 891D>
SMIKRON GE TO DIAFERON, 'EI FANEIEN "OI LOGWN "APTOMENOI
'ASEBWN, 'ALLOI$ TE 'EXARCONTE$, MHDE 'EU TOI$ LOGOI$
'ALL' 'EXHMARTHMENW$ CRWMENOI. DOKEI0 TOINUN MOI TAUTA
"OUTW$ 'ECEIN.
KL _ 'EU LEGEI$; 'ALL' "OPHI, PEIRW5 FRAZEIN.
AQ _ 'EOIKEN0 TOINUN 'AHQESTERWN "APTEON 'EINAI LOGWN.
KL _ 'OUK 'OKNHTEON, 'W* XENE. MANQANW0 GAR "W$ NOMOQESIA$
'EKTO$ 'OIHSHI2 BAINEIN, 'EA=N TWN TOIOUTWN "APTWMEQA
<P 891E>
LOGWN. 'EI DE 'ESTI2 MHDAMHI "ETERW$ SUMFWNHSAI0 TOI$ NU*N
KATA NOMON LEGOMENOI$ QEOI$ "W$ 'ORQW$ 'ECOUSIN40 'H= TAUTHI,
LEKTEON, 'W* QAUMASIE, KAI TAUTHI.
AQ _ LEGOIM' 'AN4, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'HDH SCEDON 'OUK 'EIWQOTA
LOGON TINA TONDE. "O= PRWTON GENESEW$ KAI FQORA$ 'AITION
"APANTWN, TOUTO 'OU PRWTON 'ALLA= "USTERON 'APEFHNANTO 'EINAI-GEGONO$
"OI THN TWN 'ASEBWN YUCHN 'APERGASAMENOI LOGOI, "O= DE
"USTERON, PROTERON; "OQEN "HMARTHKASI PERI= QEWN TH$ 'ONTW$
'OUSIA$.


<P 892A>
KL _ 'OUPW MANQANW0.
AQ _ YUCHN, 'W* "ETAIRE, 'HGNOHKENAI KINDUNEUOUSI0 MEN
'OLIGOU SUMPANTE$ "OION TE 'ON TUGCANEI0 KAI DUNAMIN "HN 'ECEI0,
TWN TE 'ALLWN 'AUTH$ PE=RI KAI-DH-KAI GENESEW$, "W$ 'EN
PRWTOI$ 'ESTI, SWMATWN 'EMPROSQEN PANTWN GENOMENH, KAI
METABOLH$ TE 'AUTWN KAI METAKOSMHSEW$ "APASH$ 'ARCEI0
PANTO$ MALLON; 'EI DE 'ESTIN TAUTA "OUTW$, 'A*R' 'OUK 'EX 'ANAGKH$
TA YUCH$ SUGGENH PRO=TERA 'AN4 'EIH-GEGONOTA TWN SWMATI
<P 892B>
PROSHKONTWN0, 'OUSH$ G' 'AUTH$ PRESBUTERA$ 'H= SWMATO$:
KL _ 'ANAGKH.
AQ _ DOXA DH-KAI 'EPIMELEIA KAI NOU$ KAI TECNH KAI NOMO$
SKLHRWN KAI MALAKWN KAI BAREWN KAI KOUFWN PRO=TERA 'AN4
'EIH; KAI-DH-KAI TA MEGALA KAI PRWTA 'ERGA KAI PRAXEI$
TECNH$ 'AN4 GIGNOITO, 'ONTA 'EN PRWTOI$, TA DE FUSEI KAI
FUSI$, "HN 'OUK 'ORQW$ 'EPONOMAZOUSIN0 'AUTO TOUTO, "U=STERA KAI
'ARCOMENA 'AN4 'EK TECNH$ 'EIH KAI NOU.
<P 892C>
KL _ PW*$ 'OUK 'ORQW$:
AQ _ FUSIN BOULONTAI LEGEIN GENESIN THN PERI= TA
PRWTA; 'EI DE FANHSETAI YUCH PRWTON, 'OU PUR 'OUDE 'AHR,
YUCH D' 'EN PRWTOI$ GEGENHMENH, SCEDON 'ORQOTATA LEGOIT'
'AN4 'EINAI DIAFERONTW$ FUSEI. TAUT' 'ESQ' "OUTW$ 'ECONTA, 'AN2
YUCHN TI$ 'EPIDEIXHI6 PRESBUTERAN 'OUSAN SWMATO$, 'ALLW$
DE 'OUDAMW$.
KL _ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
AQ _ 'OUKOU*N TA META TAUTA 'EP' 'AUTO DH TOUTO
STELLWMEQA:
<P 892D>
KL _ TI= MHN:
AQ _ FULATTWMEN DH PANTAPASIN 'APATHLON LOGON, MH
PHI PRESBUTA$ "HMA$ 'ONTA$ NEOPREPH$ 'WN PARAPEISHI6 KAI
DIAFUGWN KATAGELASTOU$ POIHSHI6, KAI DOXWMEN MEIZONA 'EPIBALLOMENOI
KAI TWN SMIKRWN 'APOTUCEIN. SKOPEITE3 'OUN.
'EI KAQAPER POTAMON "HMA$ 'EDEI TREI$ 'ONTA$ DIABAINEIN "REONTA
SFO=DRA, NEWTATO$ D' 'EGW TUGCANWN "HMWN KAI POLLWN 'EMPEIRO$
"REUMATWN, 'EIPON "OTI4 PRWTON 'EME CRHNAI0 PEIRAQHNAI
<P 892E>
KAT' 'EMAUTON, KATALIPONTA "UMA$ 'EN 'ASFALEI, SKEYASQAI 'EI
DIABATO$ 'ESTI PRESBUTEROI$ 'OUSI KAI "UMIN, 'H= PW*$ 'ECEI0, KAI
FANENTO$ MEN TAUTHI, KALEIN0 "UMA$ TO=TE KAI SUNDIABIBAZEIN
'EMPEIRIA\, 'EI DE 'ABATO$ 'H*N "W$ "UMIN, 'EN 'EMOI4 TON KINDUNON
GEGONENAI, METRIW$ 'AN4 'EDOKOUN LEGEIN, KAI-DH-KAI NU*N "O
MELLWN 'ESTI LOGO$ SFODROTERO$ KAI SCEDON 'ISW$ 'ABATO$
"W$ THI SFWIN "RWMHI; MH-DH SKOTODINIAN 'ILIGGON TE "UMIN


<P 893A>
'EMPOIHSHI6 PARAFEROMENO$ TE-KAI 'ERWTWN 'AHQEI$ 'ONTA$ 'APOKRISEWN,
'EI*T' 'ASCHMOSUNHN 'APREPEIAN TE 'ENTEKHI6 'AHDH, DOKEI0
DH MOI CRHNAI0 POIEIN "OUTWSI TA NU*N 'EME, 'ANERWTAN PRWTON
'EMAUTON, 'AKOUONTWN0 "UMWN 'EN 'ASFALEI, KAI META TAUTA 'APOKRINASQAI
PALIN 'EME, KAI TON LOGON "APANTA "OUTW DIEXELQEIN,
MECRIPER 'AN4 YUCH$ PE=RI DIAPERANHTAI KAI DEIXHI6 PROTERON
'ON YUCHN SWMATO$.
KL _ 'ARIST', 'W* XENE, DOKEI$ "HMIN 'EIRHKENAI, POIEI5 TE "W$
LEGEI$.
<P 893B>
AQ _ 'AGE DH, QEON 'EI POTE PARAKLHTEON "HMIN, NU*N 'ESTW
TOUTO "OUTW GENOMENON % 'EPI GE 'APODEIXIN "W$ 'EISIN THN "AUTWN
SPOUDHI PASHI PARAKEKLHSQWN % 'ECOMENOI DE "W$ TINO$ 'ASFALOU$
PEISMATO$ 'EPEISBAINWMEN 'EI$ TON NU*N LOGON. KAI MOI
'ELEGCOMENWI PERI= TA TOIAUTA 'ERWTHSESIN TOIAISDE 'ASFALESTATA
'APOKRINESQAI FAINETAI KATA TADE; 'W* XENE, "OPOTAN
FHI5 TI$, 'A*RA "ESTHKE0 MEN PANTA, KINEITAI DE 'OUDEN: 'H= TOUTWI
PAN 'TOUNANTION: 'H= TA MEN 'AUTWN KINEITAI, TA DE MENEI0:
<P 893C>
TA MEN KINEITAI POU, FHSW2, TA DE MENEI0. MWN-'OUN 'OUK 'EN
CWRA\ TINI TA TE "ESTWTA "ESTHKEN0 KAI TA KINOUMENA KINEITAI:
PW*$ GAR 'OU=: KAI TA MEN-GE 'EN MIA*I "EDRA\ POU TOUTO 'AN4
DRWIH, TA DE 'EN PLEIOSIN. TA THN TWN "ESTWTWN 'EN MESWI
LAMBANONTA DUNAMIN LEGEI$, FHSOMEN, 'EN "ENI KINEISQAI,
KAQAPER "H TWN "ESTANAI LEGOMENWN KUKLWN STREFETAI PERIFORA:
NAI. MANQANOMEN DE-GE "W$ 'EN TAUTHI THI PERIFORA*I
TON MEGISTON KAI TON SMIKROTATON KUKLON "AMA PERIAGOUSA,
<P 893D>
"H TOIAUTH KINHSI$ 'ANA LOGON "EAUTHN DIANEMEI0 SMIKROI$ TE-KAI
MEIZOSIN, 'ELATTWN TE 'OUSA KAI PLEIWN KATA LOGON; DIO
DH TWN QAUMASTWN "APANTWN PHGH GEGONEN0, "AMA MEGALOI$
KAI SMIKROI$ KUKLOI$ BRADUTHTA$ TE-KAI TACH "OMOLOGOUMENA
POREUOUSA, 'ADUNATON, "W$ 'AN4 TI$ 'ELPISEIE, GIGNESQAI PAQO$.
'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$. TA DE-GE KINOUMENA 'EN POLLOI$
FAINHI0 MOI LEGEIN "OSA FORA*I KI$EITAI METABAINONTA 'EI$ "ETERON
'AEI TOPON, KAI TOTE= MEN 'ESTIN "OTE BASIN "ENO$ KEKTHMENA
<P 893E>
TINO$ KENTROU, TOTE= DE PLEIONA TW*I PERIKULINDEISQAI. PROSTUGCANONTA
D' "EKASTOTE "EKASTOI$, TOI$ "ESTWSI MEN DIASCIZETAI,
TOI$ D' 'ALLOI$ 'EX 'ENANTIA$ 'APANTWSI4 KAI FEROMENOI$
'EI$ "EN GIGNOMENA MESA TE-KAI METAXU TWN TOIOUTWN SUGKRINETAI.
LEGW0 GAR-'OUN TAUTA "OUTW$ 'ECONTA, "W$ SU LEGEI$.
KAI-MHN-KAI SUGKRINOMENA MEN 'AUXANETAI, DIAKRINOMENA
DE FQINEI0 TO=TE, "OTAN "H KAQESTHKUIA "EKASTWN "EXI$ DIAMENHI5,


<P 894A>
MH MENOUSH$0 DE 'AUTH$, DI' 'AMFO=TERA 'APOLLUTAI. GIGNETAI DH
PANTWN GENESI$, "HNIK' 'AN4 TI= PAQO$ 'HI: DHLON "W$ "OPOTAN
'ARCH LABOUSA 'AUXHN 'EI$ THN DEUTERAN 'ELQHI6 METABASIN KAI
'APO TAUTH$ 'EI$ THN PLHSION, KAI MECRI TRIWN 'ELQOUSA
'AISQHSIN SCHI6 TOI$ 'AISQANOMENOI$. METABALLON MEN-'OUN
"OUTW KAI METAKINOUMENON GIGNETAI PAN; 'ESTIN DE 'ONTW$ 'ON,
"OPOTAN MENHI5, METABALON DE 'EI$ 'ALLHN "EXIN DIEFQARTAI
PANTELW$. 'A*R'-'OUN KINHSEI$ PASA$ 'EIRHKAMEN "W$ 'EN 'EIDESIN
<P 894B>
LABEIN MET' 'ARIQMOU, PLHN GE, 'W* FILOI, DUOIN:
KL _ POI=AIN DH:
AQ _ SCEDON, 'WGAQE, 'EKEINAIN "WN "ENEKA PASA "HMIN 'ESTIN
"H SKEYI$ TA NU*N.
KL _ LEGE SAFESTERON.
AQ _ YUCH$ 'H*N "ENEKA POU:
KL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ 'ESTW TOINUN "H MEN "E=TERA DUNAMENH KINEIN KINHSI$,
"EAUTHN DE 'ADUNATOUSA, 'AEI MIA TI$, "H DE "AUTHN T' 'AEI KAI
"E=TERA DUNAMENH KATA TE SUGKRISEI$ 'EN TE DIAKRISESIN 'AUXAI$
TE-KAI TW*I 'ENANTIWI KAI GENESESI KAI FQORAI$ 'ALLH MIA TI$
<P 894C>
'AU TWN PASWN KINHSEWN.
KL _ 'ESTW GAR-'OUN.
AQ _ 'OUKOU*N THN MEN "ETERON 'AEI KINOUSAN KAI METABALLOMENHN
"UF' "ETEROU QHSOMEN 'ENATHN 'AU, THN TE "EAUTHN
KINOUSAN KAI "ETERON, 'ENARMOTTOUSAN PASIN MEN POIHMASI,
PASIN DE PAQHMASI, KALOUMENHN0 DE 'ONTW$ TWN 'ONTWN0
PANTWN METABOLHN KAI KINHSIN, TAUTHN DE DEKATHN SCEDON
'EROUMEN2.
KL _ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ TWN DH DEKA MALISTA "HMIN KINHSEWN TI=N' 'AN4 PROKRINAIMEN
<P 894D>
'ORQOTATA PASWN 'ERRWMENESTATHN TE 'EINAI KAI
PRAKTIKHN DIAFERONTW$:
KL _ MURIWI 'ANAGKH POU FANAI DIAFEREIN THN 'AUTHN
"AUTHN DUNAMENHN KINEIN, TA$ DE 'ALLA$ PASA$ "USTERA$.
AQ _ 'EU LEGEI$. 'A*R'-'OUN "HMIN TWN NU*N 'OUK 'ORQW$
"RHQENTWN5 METAQETEON "EN 'H=-KAI DUO:
KL _ POI*A FH=I$:
AQ _ TO TH$ DEKATH$ "RHQEN SCEDON 'OUK 'ORQW$ 'EIRHTAI.
KL _ PH*I:
AQ _ PRWTON GENESEI TE 'ESTIN KAI "RWMHI KATA LOGON; TO
<P 894E>
DE META TOUTO 'ECOMEN TOUTOU DEUTERON, 'ARTI "RHQEN 'ATOPW$
'ENATON.
KL _ PW*$ LEGEI$:
AQ _ "WDE. "OTAN "ETERON 'ALLO "HMIN METABALHI6 KAI TOUTO
'ALLO "ETERON 'AEI, TWN TOIOUTWN 'A*RA 'ESTAI POTE TI PRWTON
METABALLON: KAI PW*$, "OTAN "UP' 'ALLOU KINHTAI, TOUT' 'ESTAI
POTE TWN 'ALLOIOUNTWN0 PRWTON: 'ADUNATON GAR. 'ALL' "OTAN
'A=RA 'AUTO "AUTO KINHSAN "ETERON 'ALLOIWSHI6, TO D' "ETERON 'ALLO,


<P 895A>
KAI "OUTW DH CILIA 'EPI MURIOI$ GIGNHTAI TA KINHQENTA, MWN
'ARCH TI$ 'AUTWN 'ESBAI TH$ KINHSEW$ "APASH$ 'ALLH PLHN "H
TH$ 'AUTH$ "AUTHN KINHSASH$ METABOLH:
KL _ KALLISTA 'EIPE$, SUGCWRHTEA TE TOUTOI$.
AQ _ 'ETI DH-KAI THIDE 'EIPWMEN, KAI 'APOKRINWMEQA PALIN
"HMIN-'AUTOISIN. 'EI STAIH PW$ TA PANTA "OMOU GENOMENA,
KAQAPER "OI PLEISTOI TWN TOIOUTWN TOLMWSI0 LEGEIN, TI=N'
'A=RA 'EN 'AUTOI$ 'ANAGKH PRWTHN KINHSIN GENESQAI TWN 'EIRHMENWN:
<P 895B>
THN 'AUTHN "EAUTHN DHPOU KINOUSAN; "UP' 'ALLOU GAR
'OU MHPOTE 'EMPROSQEN METAPESHI6, MHDEMIA$ GE 'EN 'AUTOI$
'OUSH$ 'EMPROSQEN METAPTWSEW$. 'ARCHN 'A=RA KINHSEWN PASWN
KAI PRWTHN 'EN TE "ESTWSIN GENOMENHN KAI 'EN KINOUMENOI$ 'OUSAN
THN "AUTHN KINOUSAN FHSOMEN 'ANAGKAIW$ 'EINAI PRESBUTATHN
KAI KRATISTHN METABOLHN PASWN, THN DE 'ALLOIOUMENHN "UF'
"ETEROU, KINOUSAN DE "E=TERA DEUTERAN.
KL _ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
<P 895C>
AQ _ "OPOTE DH-TOINUN 'ENTAUQA 'ESMEN TOU* LOGOU, TODE
'APOKRINWMEQA.
KL _ TO POI*ON:
AQ _ 'EA=N 'IDWMEN POU TAUTHN GENOMENHN 'EN TW*I GHINWI
'H= 'ENUDRWI 'H= PUROEIDEI, KECWRISMENWI 'H=-KAI SUMMIGEI, TI= POTE
FHSOMEN 'EN TW*I TOIOUTWI PAQO$ 'EINAI:
KL _ MWN-'A=RA ME 'ERWTA*I$0 'EI ZHN 'AUTO PROSEROUMEN2, "OTAN
'AUTO "AUTO KINHI5:
AQ _ NAI.
KL _ ZHN; PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ _ TI= DE: "OPOTAN YUCHN 'EN TISIN "ORWMEN2, MWN 'ALLO
'H= 'TAUTON TOUTWI: ZHN "OMOLOGHTEON:
KL _ 'OUK 'ALLO.
<P 895D>
AQ _ 'ECE DH PRO$ DIO$; 'A*R' 'OUK 'AN4 'EQELOI$ PERI= "EKASTON
TRIA NOEIN:
KL _ PW*$ LEGEI$:
AQ _ "EN MEN THN 'OUSIAN, "EN DE TH$ 'OUSIA$ TON LOGON,
"EN DE 'ONOMA; KAI-DH-KAI 'ERWTHSEI$ 'EINAI PERI= TO 'ON "APAN DUO.
KL _ PW*$ DUO:
AQ _ TOTE= MEN "HMWN "EKASTON 'TOUNOMA PROTEINOMENON
'AUTO TON LOGON 'APAITEIN, TOTE= DE TON LOGON 'AUTON PROTEINOMENON
'ERWTAN 'AU 'TOUNOMA. 'A*RA-GE TO TOIONDE 'AU BOULOMEQA
NU*N LEGEIN:
KL _ TO POI*ON:
<P 895E>
AQ _ 'ESTIN POU DICA DIAIROUMENON 'EN 'ALLOI$ TE-KAI 'EN
'ARIQMWI; TOUTWI DH TW*I KAT' 'ARIQMON 'ONOMA MEN 'ARTION, LOGO$
DE, 'ARIQMO$ DIAIROUMENO$ 'EI$ 'ISA DUO MERH.
KL _ NAI.
AQ _ TO TOIOUTON FRAZW0. MWN-'OUN 'OU 'TAUTON "EKATERW$
PROSAGOREUOMEN, 'ANTE TON LOGON 'ERWTWMENOI 'TOUNOMA 'APODIDWMEN,
'ANTE 'TOUNOMA TON LOGON, 'ARTION 'ONOMATI, KAI LOGWI
DICA DIAIROUMENON 'ARIQMON, PROSAGOREUONTE$ 'TAUTON 'ON:
KL _ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ "WI DH YUCH 'TOUNOMA, TI=$ TOUTOU LOGO$: 'ECOMEN


<P 896A>
'ALLON PLHN TON NUNDH "RHQENTA, THN DUNAMENHN 'AUTHN "AUTHN
KINEIN KINHSIN:
KL _ TO "EAUTO KINEIN FH=I$ LOGON 'ECEIN THN 'AUTHN 'OUSIAN,
"HNPER 'TOUNOMA "O= DH PANTE$ YUCHN PROSAGOREUOMEN:
AQ _ FHMI GE; 'EI D' 'ESTI TOUTO "OUTW$ 'ECON, 'A*RA 'ETI
POQOUMEN MH "IKANW$ DEDEICQAI YUCHN 'TAUTON 'ON KAI THN
PRWTHN GENESIN KAI KINHSIN TWN TE 'ONTWN0 KAI GEGONOTWN
KAI 'ESOMENWN KAI PANTWN 'AU TWN 'ENANTIWN TOUTOI$, 'EPEIDH GE
<P 896B>
'ANEFANH METABOLH$ TE-KAI KINHSEW$ "APASH$ 'AITI=A "APASIN:
KL _ 'OU=K, 'ALLA= "IKANWTATA DEDEIKTAI YUCH TWN PANTWN
PRESBUTATH, GENOMENH GE 'ARCH KINHSEW$.
AQ _ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OUC "H DI' "ETERON 'EN 'ALLWI GIGNOMENH
KINHSI$, 'AUTO DE 'EN "AUTWI MHDEPOTE PARECOUSA KINEISQAI
MHDEN, DEUTE=RA TE-KAI "OPOSWN 'ARIQMWN BOULOITO 'AN4 TI$
'ARIQMEIN 'AUTHN POLLOSTHN, TOSOUTWN, SWMATO$ 'OUSA 'ONTW$
'AYUCOU METABOLH:
KL _ 'ORQW$.
AQ _ 'ORQW$ 'A=RA-KAI KURIW$ 'ALHQESTATA TE-KAI TELEWTATA
<P 896C>
'EIRHKOTE$ 'AN4 'EIMEN YUCHN MEN PROTERAN GEGONENAI
SWMATO$ "HMIN, SWMA DE DEUTERON TE-KAI "USTERON, YUCH$
'ARCOUSH$, 'ARCOMENON KATA FUSIN.
KL _ 'ALHQESTATA MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ MEMNHMEQA GE-MHN "OMOLOGHSANTE$ 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN
"W$, 'EI YUCH FANEIH PRESBUTE=RA SWMATO$ 'OUSA, KAI TA
YUCH$ TWN TOU* SWMATO$ 'ESOITO PRESBU=TERA.
KL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ TROPOI DE-KAI 'HQH KAI BOULHSEI$ KAI LOGISMOI KAI
<P 896D>
DOXAI 'ALHQEI$ 'EPIMELEIAI TE-KAI MNHMAI PRO=TERA MHKOU$
SWMATWN KAI PLATOU$ KAI BAQOU$ KAI "RWMH$ 'EIH-GEGONOTA
'AN4, 'EIPER KAI YUCH SWMATO$.
KL _ 'ANAGKH.
AQ _ 'A*R'-'OUN TO META TOUTO "OMOLOGEIN 'ANAGKAION TWN
TE 'AGAQWN 'AITIAN 'EINAI YUCHN KAI TWN KAKWN KAI KALWN
KAI 'AISCRWN DIKAIWN TE-KAI 'ADIKWN KAI PANTWN TWN 'ENANTIWN,
'EIPER TWN PANTWN GE 'AUTHN QHSOMEN 'AITIAN:
KL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ _ YUCHN DH DIOIKOUSAN KAI 'ENOIKOUSAN 'EN "APASIN
<P 896E>
TOI$ PANTHI KINOUMENOI$ MWN-'OU-KAI TON 'OURANON 'ANAGKH
DIOIKEIN FANAI:
KL _ TI= MHN:
AQ _ MIAN 'H= PLEIOU$: PLEIOU$; 'EGW "UPER SFWIN 'APOKRINOUMAI.
DUOIN MEN-GE-POU 'ELATTON MHDEN TIQWMEN, TH$
TE 'EUERGETIDO$ KAI TH$ 'TANANTIA DUNAMENH$ 'EXERGAZESQAI.
KL _ SFO=DRA 'ORQW$ 'EIRHKA$.
AQ _ 'EIEN. 'AGEI0 MEN-DH YUCH PANTA TA KAT' 'OURANON
KAI GHN KAI QALATTAN TAI$ "AUTH$ KINHSESIN, "AI$ 'ONOMATA


<P 897A>
'ESTIN BOULESQAI SKOPEISQAI, 'EPIMELEISQAI, BOULEUESQAI,
DOXAZEIN 'ORQW$ 'EYEUSMENW$, CAIROUSAN LUPOUMENHN, QARROUSAN
FOBOUMENHN, MISOUSAN STERGOUSAN, KAI PASAI$
"OSAI TOUTWN SUGGENEI$ 'H= PRWTOURGOI KINHSEI$ TA$ DEUTEROURGOU$
'AU PARALAMBANOUSAI KINHSEI$ SWMATWN 'AGOUSI0
PANTA 'EI$ 'AUXHSIN KAI FQISIN KAI DIAKRISIN KAI SUGKRISIN
KAI TOUTOI$ "EPOMENA$ QERMOTHTA$ YUXEI$, BARUTHTA$ KOUFOTHTA$,
SKLHRON KAI MALAKON, LEUKON KAI MELAN, 'AUSTHRON
<P 897B>
KAI GLUKU, KAI PASIN "OI$ YUCH CRWMENH, NOUN MEN PROSLABOUSA
'AEI QEON 'ORQW$ QEOI$, 'ORQA KAI 'EUDAIMONA PAIDAGWGEI0
PANTA, 'ANOIA\ DE SUGGENOMENH PANTA 'AU 'TANANTIA TOUTOI$
'APERGAZETAI. TIQWMEN TAUTA "OUTW$ 'ECEIN, 'H= 'ETI DISTAZOMEN
'EI "ETERW$ PW$ 'ECEI0:
KL _ 'OUDAMW$.
AQ _ POTERON 'OUN-DH YUCH$ GENO$ 'EGKRATE$ 'OURANOU KAI
GH$ KAI PASH$ TH$ PERIODOU GEGONENAI FWMEN: TO FRONIMON
<P 897C>
KAI 'ARETH$ PLHRE$, 'H= TO MHDE=TERA KEKTHMENON: BOULESQE0 'OUN
PRO$ TAUTA "WDE 'APOKRINWMEQA:
KL _ PW*$:
AQ _ 'EI MEN, 'W* QAUMASIE, FWMEN, "H SUMPASA 'OURANOU
"ODO$ "AMA KAI FORA KAI TWN 'EN 'AUTWI 'ONTWN0 "APANTWN NOU
KINHSEI KAI PERIFORA*I KAI LOGISMOI$ "OMOIAN FUSIN 'ECEI0 KAI
SUGGENW$ 'ERCETAI, DHLON "W$ THN 'ARISTHN YUCHN FATEON 'EPIMELEISQAI
TOU* KOSMOU PANTO$ KAI 'AGEIN 'AUTON THN TOIAUTHN
"ODON 'EKEINHN.
KL _ 'ORQW$.
<P 897D>
AQ _ 'EI DE MANIKW$ TE-KAI 'ATAKTW$ 'ERCETAI, THN KAKHN.
KL _ KAI TAUTA 'ORQW$.
AQ _ TI=NA 'OUN-DH NOU KINHSI$ FUSIN 'ECEI0: TOUTO 'HDH
CALEPON, 'W* FILOI, 'ERWTHMA 'APOKRINOMENON 'EIPEIN 'EMFRONW$;
DIO DH-KAI 'EME TH$ 'APOKRISEW$ "UMIN DIKAION TA NU*N
PROSLAMBANEIN.
KL _ 'EU LEGEI$.
AQ _ MH-TOINUN 'EX 'ENANTIA$ "OION 'EI$ "HLION 'APOBLEPONTE$,
NUKTA 'EN MESHMBRIA\ 'EPAGOMENOI, POIHSWMEQA THN 'APOKRISIN,
"W$ NOUN POTE QNHTOI$ 'OMMASIN 'OYOMENOI TE-KAI GNWSOMENOI
<P 897E>
"IKANW$; PRO$ DE 'EIKONA TOU* 'ERWTWMENOU BLEPONTA$ 'ASFALESTERON
"ORAN.
KL _ PW*$ LEGEI$:
AQ _ "HI PROSEOIKEN0 KINHSEI NOU$ TWN DEKA 'EKEINWN
KINHSEWN, THN 'EIKONA LABWMEN; "HN SUNANAMNHSQEI$ "UMIN
'EGW KOINHI THN 'APOKRISIN POIHSOMAI.
KL _ KALLISTA 'AN4 LEGOI$.
AQ _ MEMNHMEQA TOINUN TWN TO=TE 'ETI TOUTO GE, "OTI4 TWN
PANTWN TA MEN KINEISQAI, TA DE MENEIN0 'EQEMEN:
KL _ NAI.
AQ _ TWN D' 'AU KINOUMENWN TA MEN 'EN "ENI TOPWI KINEISQAI,


<P 898A>
TA D' 'EN PLEIOSIN FEROMENA.
KL _ 'ESTI TAUTA.
AQ _ TOUTOIN DH TOIN KINHSEOIN THN 'EN "ENI FEROMENHN
'AEI PERI= GE TI MESON 'ANAGKH KINEISQAI, TWN 'ENTORNWN 'OUSAN
MIMHMA TI KUKLWN, 'EINAI TE 'AUTHN THI TOU* NOU PERIODWI
PANTW$ "W$ DUNATON 'OIKEIOTATHN TE-KAI "OMOIAN.
KL _ PW*$ LEGEI$:
AQ _ TO KATA 'TAUTA DHPOU-KAI "WSAUTW$ KAI 'EN TW*I 'AUTWI
KAI PERI= TA 'AUTA KAI PRO$ TA 'AUTA KAI "ENA LOGON KAI TAXIN
<P 898B>
MIAN 'AMFW KINEISQAI LEGONTE$, NOUN THN TE 'EN "ENI FEROMENHN
KINHSIN, SFAIRA$ 'ENTORNOU 'APEIKASMENA FORAI$, 'OUK 'AN4 POTE
FANEIMEN FAULOI DHMIOURGOI LOGWI KALWN 'EIKONWN.
KL _ 'ORQOTATA LEGEI$.
AQ _ 'OUKOU*N 'AU "H GE MHDEPOTE "WSAUTW$ MHDE KATA TA
'AUTA MHDE 'EN 'TAUTWI MHDE PERI= 'TAUTA MHDE PRO$ 'TAUTA MHD'
'EN "ENI FEROMENH MHD' 'EN KOSMWI MHD' 'EN TAXEI MHDE 'EN TINI
LOGWI KINHSI$ 'ANOIA$ 'AN4 "APASH$ 'EIH SUGGENH$:
KL _ 'EIH GAR 'AN4 'ALHQESTATA.
<P 898C>
AQ _ NU*N DH CALEPON 'OUDEN 'ETI DIARRHDHN 'EIPEIN "W$,
'EPEIDH YUCH MEN 'ESTIN "H PERIAGOUSA "HMIN PANTA, THN DE
'OURANOU PERIFORAN 'EX 'ANAGKH$ PERIAGEIN FATEON 'EPIMELOUMENHN
KAI KOSMOUSAN 'HTOI THN 'ARISTHN YUCHN 'H= THN
'ENANTIAN.
KL _ 'W* XENE, 'ALLA= 'EK GE TWN NU*N 'EIRHMENWN 'OUD' "OSION
'ALLW$ LEGEIN 'H= PASAN 'ARETHN 'ECOUSAN YUCHN MIAN 'H=
PLEIOU$ PERIAGEIN 'AUTA.
AQ _ KALLISTA, 'W* KLEINIA, "UPHKOUSA$ TOI$ LOGOI$; TODE
<P 898D>
DE PROSUPAKOUSON2 'ETI.
KL _ TO POI*ON:
AQ _ "HLION KAI SELHNHN KAI TA 'A=LLA 'ASTRA, 'EIPER YUCH
PERIAGEI0 PANTA, 'A*R'-'OU-KAI "EN "EKASTON:
KL _ TI= MHN:
AQ _ PERI= "ENO$ DH POIHSWMEQA LOGOU$, "OI=4 KAI 'EPI PANTA
"HMIN 'ASTRA "ARMOTTONTE$ FANOUNTAI.
KL _ TI=NO$:
AQ _ "HLIOU PA$ 'ANQRWPO$ SWMA MEN "ORA*I0, YUCHN DE
'OUDEI$; 'OUDE-GAR 'ALLOU SWMATO$ 'OUDENO$ 'OUTE ZWNTO$ 'OUTE
'APOQNHISKONTO$ TWN ZWIWN, 'ALLA= 'ELPI$ POLLH TO PARAPAN
<P 898E>
TO GENO$ "HMIN TOUTO 'ANAISQHTON PASAI$ TAI$ TOU* SWMATO$
'AISQHSESI PERIPEFUKENAI, NOHTON D' 'EINAI. NWI MONWI DH-KAI
DIANOHMATI LABWMEN 'AUTOU4 PE=RI TO TOIONDE.
KL _ POI*ON:
AQ _ "HLION 'EIPER 'AGEI0 YUCH, TRIWN 'AUTHN "EN LEGONTE$
DRAN SCEDON 'OUK 'APOTEUXOMEQA.
KL _ TI=NWN:
AQ _ "W$ 'H= 'ENOUSA 'ENTO$ TW*I PERIFEREI TOUTWI FAINOMENWI
SWMATI PANTHI DIAKOMIZEI0 TO TOIOUTON, KAQAPER "HMA$ "H PAR'
"HMIN YUCH PANTHI PERIFEREI0; 'H= POQEN 'EXWQEN SWMA "AUTHI


<P 899A>
PORISAMENH PURO$ 'H= TINO$ 'AERO$, "W$ LOGO$ 'ESTI TINWN, 'WQEI0
BIA\ SWMATI SWMA; 'H= TRITON 'AUTH YILH SWMATO$ 'OUSA,
'ECOUSA DE DUNAMEI$ 'ALLA$ TINA$ "UPERBALLOUSA$ QAUMATI,
PODHGEI0.
KL _ NAI, TOUTO MEN 'ANAGKH, TOUTWN "EN GE TI DRWSAN
YUCHN PANTA DIAGEIN.
AQ _ 'AUTOU4 DH 'AMEINON TAUTHN THN YUCHN, 'EI=TE 'EN "ARMASIN
'ECOUSA "HMIN "HLION 'AGEI0 FW$ TOI$ "APASIN, 'EI=TE 'EXWQEN,
'EI=Q' "OPW$ 'EI=Q' "OPHI, QEON "HGEISQAI CREWN PANTA 'ANDRA. 'H=
PW*$:
<P 899B>
KL _ NAI, TON GE-POU MH 'EPI TO 'ESCATON 'AFIGMENON
'ANOIA$.
AQ _ 'ASTRWN DH PE=RI PANTWN KAI SELHNH$, 'ENIAUTWN
TE-KAI MHNWN KAI PASWN "WRWN PE=RI, TI=NA 'ALLON LOGON
'EROUMEN2 'H= TON 'AUTON TOUTON, "W$ 'EPEIDH YUCH MEN 'H= YUCAI
PANTWN TOUTWN 'AITIAI 'EFANHSAN, 'AGAQAI DE PASAN 'ARETHN,
QEOU$ 'AUTA$ 'EINAI FHSOMEN, 'EI=TE 'EN SWMASIN 'ENOUSAI, ZWIA
'ONTA, KOSMOUSIN0 PANTA 'OURANON, 'EI=TE "OPHI TE-KAI "OPW$: 'ESQ'
"OSTI$ TAUTA "OMOLOGWN "UPOMENEI2 MH QEWN 'EINAI PLHRH PANTA:
<P 899C>
KL _ 'OUK 'ESTIN "OUTW$, 'W* XENE, PARAFRONWN 'OUDEI$.
AQ _ TW*I MEN-TOINUN MH NOMIZONTI QEOU$ 'EN TW*I PROSQEN
CRONWI, 'W* MEGILLE TE-KAI KLEINIA, 'EIPONTE$ "OROU$
'APALLATTWMEQA.
KL _ TI=NA$:
AQ _ 'H= DIDASKEIN "HMA$ "W$ 'OUK 'ORQW$ LEGOMEN TIQEMENOI
YUCHN GENESIN "APANTWN 'EINAI PRWTHN, KAI 'TALLA "OPOSA
TOUTWN SUNEPOMENA 'EIPOMEN, 'H= MH DUNAMENON BELTION LEGEIN
"HMWN, "HMIN PEIQESQAI KAI ZHN QEOU$ "HGOUMENON 'EI$ TON 'EPILOIPON
<P 899D>
BION. "ORWMEN2 'OUN 'EI=TE "IKANW$ 'HDH TOI$ 'OUC "HGOUMENOI$
QEOU$ 'EIRHKAMEN "W$ 'EISIN QEOI, 'EI=TE 'EPIDEW$.
KL _ "HKISTA GE, 'W* XENE, PANTWN 'EPIDEW$.
AQ _ TOUTOI$ MEN-TOINUN "HMIN TO LOGWN TELO$ 'ECETW;
TON DE "HGOUMENON MEN QEOU$ 'EINAI, MH FRONTIZEIN DE 'AUTOU$
TWN 'ANQRWPINWN PRAGMATWN, PARAMUQHTEON. 'W* 'ARISTE
DH FWMEN, "OTI42 MEN "HGHI0 QEOU$, SUGGENEIA TI$ 'ISW$ SE QEI=A
PRO$ TO SUMFUTON 'AGEI0 TIMAN KAI NOMIZEIN 'EINAI; KAKWN DE
<P 899E>
'ANQRWPWN KAI 'ADIKWN TUCAI 'IDIA\ KAI DHMOSIA\, 'ALHQEIA\ MEN
'OUK 'EUDAIMONE$, DOXAI$ DE 'EUDAIMONIZOMENAI SFO=DRA 'ALL'
'OUK 'EMMELW$, 'AGOUSI0 SE PRO$ 'ASEBEIAN, 'EN TE MOUSAI$
'OUK 'ORQW$ "UMNOUMENAI "AMA KAI 'EN PANTOIOI$ LOGOI$. 'H=-KAI
PRO$ TELO$ 'ISW$ 'ANQRWPOU$ "ORWN 'ELQONTA$ GHRAIOU$,


<P 900A>
PAIDA$ PAIDWN KATALIPONTA$ 'EN TIMAI$ TAI$ MEGISTAI$,
TARATTHI0 TO NU*N 'EN "APASI TOUTOI$ 'IDWN, 'H= DI' 'AKOH$ 'AISQOMENO$
'H=-KAI PANTAPASIN 'AUTO$ 'AUTOPTH$, PROSTUCH$ POLLWN
'ASEBHMATWN KAI DEINWN GENOMENWN TISIN, DI' 'AUTA TAUTA
'EK SMIKRWN 'EI$ TURANNIDA$ TE-KAI TA MEGISTA 'AFIKOMENOU$;
TO=TE DIA= PANTA TA TOIAUTA DHLO$ 'EI* MEMFESQAI MEN QEOU$ "W$
'AITIOU$ 'ONTA$ TWN TOIOUTWN DIA= SUGGENEIAN 'OUK 'AN4 'EQELWN,
'AGOMENO$ DE "UPO TE 'ALOGIA$ "AMA KAI 'OU DUNAMENO$ DUSCERAINEIN
<P 900B>
QEOU$, 'EI$ TOUTO NU*N TO PAQO$ 'ELHLUQA$, "WST' 'EINAI
MEN DOKEIN 'AUTOU$, TWN DE 'ANQRWPINWN KATAFRONEIN KAI
'AMELEIN PRAGMATWN. "INA 'OUN MH 'EPI MEIZON 'ELQHI6 SOI4 PAQO$
PRO$ 'ASEBEIAN TO NU*N PARON DOGMA, 'ALL' 'EA=N PW$ "OION
'APODIOPOMPHSASQAI LOGOI$ 'AUTO PROSION GENWMEQA DUNATOI,
PEIRWMEQA2, SUNAYANTE$ TON "EXH$ LOGON "WI PRO$ TON TO
PARAPAN 'OUC "HGOUMENON QEOU$ 'EX 'ARCH$ DIEPERANAMEQA,
<P 900C>
TOUTWI TA NU*N PROSCRHSASQAI. SU D', 'W* KLEINIA TE-KAI
MEGILLE, "UPER TOU* NEOU KAQAPER 'EN TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN 'APOKRINOMENOI
DIADECESQE2; 'AN2 DE TI DUSKOLON 'EMPIPTHI5 TOI$
LOGOI$, 'EGW SFWIN "WSPER NUNDH DEXAMENO$ DIABIBW2 TON
POTAMON.
KL _ 'ORQW$ LEGEI$; KAI SU TE "OUTW TAUTA DRA, POIHSOMEN
TE "HMEI$ 'EI$ TO DUNATON "A LEGEI$.
AQ _ 'ALL' 'OUDEN TAC' 'AN4 'ISW$ 'EIH CALEPON 'ENDEIXASQAI
TOUTO GE, "W$ 'EPIMELEI$ SMIKRWN 'EISIN QEOI 'OUC "HTTON, MALLON
<P 900D>
DE, 'H= TWN MEGEQEI DIAFERONTWN0. 'HKOUE GAR-POU-KAI PARHN
TOI$ NUNDH LEGOMENOI$, "W$ 'AGAQOI GE 'ONTE$ PASAN 'ARETHN THN
TWN PANTWN 'EPIMELEIAN 'OIKEIOTATHN "AUTWN 'OUSAN KEKTHNTAI.
KL _ KAI SFO=DRA GE 'EPHKOUEN.
AQ _ TO META TOUTO TOINUN KOINHI SUNEXETAZONTWN2 TI=NA
LEGONTE$ 'ARETHN 'AUTWN "OMOLOGOUMEN 'AUTOU$ 'AGAQOU$ 'EINAI.
FERE, TO SWFRONEIN NOUN TE KEKTHSQAI FAMEN 'ARETH$, TA
D' 'ENANTIA KAKIA$:
KL _ FAMEN.
<P 900E>
AQ _ TI= DE: 'ARETH$ MEN 'ANDREIAN 'EINAI, DEILIAN DE
KAKIA$:
KL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ KAI TA MEN 'AISCRA TOUTWN, TA DE KALA FHSOMEN:
KL _ 'ANAGKH.
AQ _ KAI TWN MEN PROSHKEIN "HMIN, 'EIPER, "OPOSA FLAU*RA,
QEOI$ DE-'OUTE MEGA 'OUTE SMIKRON TWN TOIOUTWN METON
'EROUMEN2:
KL _ KAI TAUQ' "OUTW$ "OMOLOGOI PA$ 'AN4.
AQ _ TI= DE: 'AMELEIAN TE-KAI 'ARGIAN KAI TRUFHN 'EI$
'ARETHN YUCH$ QHSOMEN, 'H= PW*$ LEGEI$:
KL _ KAI PW*$:
AQ _ 'ALL' 'EI$ 'TOUNANTION:
KL _ NAI.


<P 901A>
AQ _ 'TANANTIA 'A=RA TOUTOI$ 'EI$ 'TOUNANTION:
KL _ 'TOUNANTION.
AQ _ TI= 'OUN-DH: TRUFWN KAI 'AMELH$ 'ARGO$ TE, "ON "O
POIHTH$ KHFHSI1 KOQOUROISI1 MALISTA 'EIKELON1 'EFASKEN 'EINAI,
GIGNOIT' 'AN4 "O8 TOIOUTO$ PA$ "HMIN:
KL _ 'ORQOTATA GE 'EIPWN.
AQ _ 'OUKOU*N TON GE QEON 'OU "RHTEON 'ECEIN 'HQO$ TOIOUTON,
"O= GE-TOI 'AUTO$ MISEI0, TW*I TE TI TOIOUTON FQEGGESQAI PEIRWMENWI
'OUK 'EPITREPTEON.
KL _ 'OU-MEN-DH; PW*$ GAR 'AN4:
<P 901B>
AQ _ "WI DH PROSHKEI0 MEN PRATTEIN KAI 'EPIMELEISQAI
DIAFERONTW$ TINO$, "O DE TOUTOU GE NOU$ TWN MEN MEGALWN
'EPIMELEITAI, TWN SMIKRWN DE 'AMELEI0, KATA TI=NA 'EPAINOUNTE$
TON TOIOUTON LOGON 'OUK 'AN4 PANTAPASI PLHMMELOIMEN: SKOPWMEN
DE "WDE. 'A*R' 'OU KATA DUO 'EIDH TO TOIOUTON PRATTEI0
"O PRATTWN, 'EI=TE QEO$ 'EI=T' 'ANQRWPO$:
KL _ POI=W DH LEGOMEN:
AQ _ 'H= DIAFERON 'OUDEN 'OIOMENO$ 'EINAI TW*I "OLWI 'AMELOUMENWN
<P 901C>
TWN SMIKRWN, 'H= "RA\QUMIA\ KAI TRUFHI, 'EI DIAFEREI0, "O DE
'AMELEI0. 'H= 'ESTIN 'ALLW$ PW$ GIGNOMENH 'AMELEIA: 'OU-GAR-POU
"OTAN GE 'ADUNATON 'HI TWN "APANTWN 'EPIMELEISQAI, TO=TE 'AMELEIA
'ESTAI TWN SMIKRWN 'H= MEGALWN, MH 'EPIMELOUMENWI "WN 'AN4
DUNAMEI QEO$ 'H= FAULO$ TI$ 'WN 'ELLIPH$ KAI MH DUNATO$
'EPIMELEISQAI GIGNHTAI.
KL _ PW*$ GAR 'AN4:
AQ _ NU*N DH DU' 'ONTE$ TRISIN "HMIN 'OUSIN 'APOKRINASQWSAN
<P 901D>
"OI QEOU$ MEN 'AMFOTEROI "OMOLOGOUNTE$ 'EINAI, PARAITHTOU$ DE
"ATERO$, "O DE 'AMELEI$ TWN SMIKRWN. PRWTON MEN QEOU$ 'AMFOTEROI
FATE0 GIGNWSKEIN KAI "ORAN KAI 'AKOUEIN PANTA, LAQEIN DE
'AUTOU$ 'OUDEN DUNATON 'EINAI TWN "OPOSWN 'EISIN "AI 'AISQHSEI$
TE-KAI 'EPISTHMAI; TAUTHI LEGETE0 'ECEIN TAUTA, 'H= PW*$:
KL _ "OUTW$.
AQ _ TI= DE: DUNASQAI PANTA "OPOSWN 'AU DUNAMI$ 'ESTIN
QNHTOI$ TE-KAI 'AQANATOI$:
KL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU SUGCWRHSONTAI KAI TAUTA "OUTW$ 'ECEIN:
<P 901E>
AQ _ KAI-MHN 'AGAQOU$ GE-KAI 'ARISTOU$ "WMOLOGHKAMEN
'AUTOU$ 'EINAI PENTE 'ONTE$.
KL _ SFO=DRA GE.
AQ _ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OU "RA\QUMIA\ MEN-KAI TRUFHI 'ADUNATON 'AUTOU$
"OMOLOGEIN PRATTEIN "OTIOUN TO PARAPAN, 'ONTA$ GE "OIOU$ "OMOLOGOUMEN:
DEILIA$ GAR 'EKGONO$ 'EN GE "HMIN 'ARGIA, "RA\QUMIA DE
'ARGIA$ KAI TRUFH$.
KL _ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
AQ _ 'ARGIA\ MEN-DH-KAI "RA\QUMIA\ 'OUDEI$ 'AMELEI0 QEWN; 'OU-GAR
METESTIN 'AUTWI POU DEILIA$.
KL _ 'ORQOTATA LEGEI$.


<P 902A>
AQ _ 'OUKOU*N TO LOIPON, 'EIPER 'AMELOUSI0 TWN SMIKRWN KAI
'OLIGWN TWN PERI= TO PAN, 'H= GIGNWSKONTE$ "W$ TO PARAPAN
'OUDENO$ TWN TOIOUTWN 'EPIMELEISQAI DEI, DRWIEN 'AN4 TOUTO, 'H= TI=
TO LOIPON PLHN TW*I GIGNWSKEIN 'TOUNANTION:
KL _ 'OUDEN.
AQ _ POTERON 'OUN, 'W* 'ARISTE KAI BELTISTE, QWMEN SE
LEGONTA "W$ 'AGNOOUNTA$ TE-KAI DEON 'EPIMELEISQAI DI' 'AGNOIAN
'AMELOUNTA$, 'H= GIGNWSKONTA$ "OTI4 DEI, KAQAPER "OI FAULOTATOI
TWN 'ANQRWPWN LEGONTAI POIEIN, 'EIDOTE$ 'A=LLA 'EINAI BELTIW
<P 902B>
PRATTEIN "WN DH PRATTOUSIN0, DIA= TINA$ "HTTA$ "HDONWN 'H= LUPWN
'OU POIEIN:
KL _ PW*$ GAR 'AN4:
AQ _ 'OUKOU*N-DH TA GE 'ANQRWPINA PRAGMATA TH$ TE
'EMYUCOU METECEI0 FUSEW$ "AMA, KAI QEOSEBESTATON 'AUTO 'ESTI
PANTWN ZWIWN 'ANQRWPO$:
KL _ 'EOIKE0 GOUN.
AQ _ QEWN GE-MHN KTHMATA FAMEN 'EINAI PANTA "OPOSA
QNHTA ZWIA, "WNPER KAI TON 'OURANON "OLON.
KL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ _ 'HDH TOINUN SMIKRA 'H= MEGALA TI$ FATW TAUTA 'EINAI
<P 902C>
TOI$ QEOI$; 'OUDETERW$ GAR TOI$ KEKTHMENOI$ "HMA$ 'AMELEIN 'AN4 'EIH
PROSHKON0, 'EPIMELESTATOI$ GE 'OUSI KAI 'ARISTOI$. SKOPWMEN
GAR-DH-KAI TODE 'ETI PRO$ TOUTOI$.
KL _ TO POI*ON:
AQ _ TO PERI= TE 'AISQHSEW$ KAI DUNAMEW$, 'A*R' 'OUK 'ENANTIW$
'ALLHLOIN PRO$ "RA\STWNHN KAI CALEPOTHTA 'ESTON0-PEFUKOTE:
KL _ PW*$ LEGEI$:
AQ _ "ORAN MEN-POU-KAI 'AKOUEIN TA SMIKRA CALEPWTERON
'H= TA MEGALA, FEREIN DE 'AU KAI KRATEIN KAI 'EPIMELEISQAI TWN
SMIKRWN KAI 'OLIGWN PANTI "RA*ION 'H= TWN 'ENANTIWN.
<P 902D>
KL _ KAI POLU GE.
AQ _ 'IATRWI DE PROSTETAGMENON "OLON TI QERAPEUEIN,
BOULOMENWI KAI DUNAMENWI TWN MEN MEGALWN 'EPIMELEISQAI,
TWN MORIWN DE-KAI SMIKRWN 'AMELOUNTI, "EXEI2 POTE KALW$ 'AUTWI
TO PAN:
KL _ 'OUDAMW$.
AQ _ 'OU-MHN-'OUDE KUBERNHTAI$ 'OUDE STRATHGOI$ 'OUD' 'OIKONOMOI$,
'OUD' 'AU TISIN POLITIKOI$ 'OUD' 'ALLWI TWN TOIOUTWN
'OUDENI CWRI$ TWN 'OLIGWN KAI SMIKRWN POLLA 'H= MEGALA; 'OUDE-GAR
<P 902E>
'ANEU SMIKRWN TOU$ MEGALOU$ FASIN0 LIQOLOGOI LIQOU$ 'EU
KEISQAI.
KL _ PW*$ GAR 'AN4:
AQ _ MH-TOINUN TON GE QEON 'AXIWSWMEN POTE QNHTWN
DHMIOURGWN FAULOTERON, "OI=4 TA PROSHKONTA "AUTOI$ 'ERGA,
"OSWIPER 'AN4 'AMEINOU$ 'WSIN, TOSWI 'AKRIBE=STERA KAI TELEW=TERA
MIA*I TECNHI SMIKRA KAI MEGALA 'APERGAZONTAI; TON DE QEON
'ONTA TE SOFWTATON BOULOMENON T' 'EPIMELEISQAI KAI DUNAMENON,


<P 903A>
"WN MEN "RA*ION 'H*N 'EPIMELHQHNAI SMIKRWN 'ONTWN0, MHDAMHI
'EPIMELEISQAI KAQAPER 'ARGON 'H= DEILON TINA DIA= PONOU$
"RA\QUMOUNTA, TWN DE MEGALWN.
KL _ MHDAMW$ DOXAN TOIAUTHN PERI= QEWN, 'W* XENE, 'APODECWMEQA;
'OUDAMHI GAR-'OUTE "OSION 'OUT' 'ALHQE$ TO DIANOHMA
DIANOOIMEQ' 'AN4.
AQ _ DOKOUMEN DE MOI NU*N 'HDH MALISTA METRIW$ DIEILECQAI
TW*I FILAITIWI TH$ 'AMELEIA$ PE=RI QEWN.
KL _ NAI.
AQ _ TW*I GE BIAZESQAI TOI$ LOGOI$ "OMOLOGEIN 'AUTON MH
<P 903B>
LEGEIN 'ORQW$; 'EPWIDWN GE-MHN PROSDEISQAI MOI DOKEI0 MUQWN
'ETI TINWN.
KL _ POI=WN, 'WGAQE:
AQ _ PEIQWMEN TON NEANIAN TOI$ LOGOI$, "W$ TW*I TOU* PANTO$
'EPIMELOUMENWI PRO$ THN SWTHRIAN KAI 'ARETHN TOU* "OLOU PANT'
'ESTI-SUNTETAGMENA, "WN KAI TO MERO$ 'EI$ DUNAMIN "EKASTON
TO PROSHKON0 PASCEI0 KAI POIEI0. TOUTOI$ D' 'EISIN 'ARCONTE$
PROSTETAGMENOI "EKASTOI$ 'EPI TO SMIKROTATON 'AEI PAQH$ KAI
PRAXEW$, 'EI$ MERISMON TON 'ESCATON TELO$ 'APEIRGASMENOI;
<P 903C>
"WN "EN KAI TO SON, 'W* SCETLIE, MORION 'EI$ TO PAN SUNTEINEI0
BLEPON 'AEI, KAIPER PANSMIKRON 'ON, SE DE LELHQEN0 PERI= TOUTO
'AUTO "W$ GENESI$ "ENEKA 'EKEINOU GIGNETAI PASA, "OPW$ 'HI TW*I
TOU* PANTO$ BIWI "UPARCOUSA 'EUDAIMWN 'OUSIA, 'OUC "ENEKA SOU4
GIGNOMENH, SU D' "ENEKA 'EKEINOU. PA$ GAR 'IATRO$ KAI PA$
'ENTECNO$ DHMIOURGO$ PANTO$ MEN "ENEKA PANTA 'ERGAZETAI, PRO$
TO KOINHI SUNTEINON0 BELTISTON MERO$ MHN "ENEKA "OLOU KAI 'OUC
<P 903D>
"OLON MEROU$ "ENEKA 'APERGAZETAI; SU DE 'AGANAKTEI$, 'AGNOWN
"OPHI TO PERI= SE 'ARISTON TW*I PANTI SUMBAINEI0 KAI SOI4 KATA
DUNAMIN THN TH$ KOINH$ GENESEW$. 'EPEI DE 'AEI YUCH SUNTETAGMENH
SWMATI TOTE= MEN 'ALLWI, TOTE= DE 'ALLWI, METABALLEI0
PANTOIA$ METABOLA$ DI' "EAUTHN 'H= DI' "ETERAN YUCHN, 'OUDEN
'ALLO 'ERGON TW*I PETTEUTHI LEIPETAI PLHN METATIQENAI TO MEN
'AMEINON GIGNOMENON 'HQO$ 'EI$ BELTIW TOPON, CEIRON DE 'EI$ TON
CEIRONA, KATA TO PREPON 'AUTWN "EKASTON, "INA TH$ PROSHKOUSH$
<P 903E>
MOIRA$ LAGCANHI5.
KL _ PH*I LEGEI$:
AQ _ "HIPER 'AN4 'ECOI "RA\STWNH$ 'EPIMELEIA$ QEOI$ TWN
PANTWN, TAUTHI MOI DOKW0 FRAZEIN. 'EI MEN-GAR PRO$ TO
"OLON 'AEI BLEPWN PLATTOI TI$ METASCHMATIZWN TA PANTA,
"OION 'EK PURO$ "UDWR 'EMYUCON, KAI MH SUMPOLLA 'EX "ENO$ 'H=


<P 904A>
'EK POLLWN "EN, PRWTH$ 'H= DEUTERA$ 'H=-KAI TRITH$ GENESEW$
METEILHFOTA PLHQESIN 'APEIR' 'AN4 'EIH TH$ METATIQEMENH$
KOSMHSEW$; NU*N D' 'ESTI QAUMASTH "RA\STWNH TW*I TOU* PANTO$
'EPIMELOUMENWI.
KL _ PW*$ 'AU LEGEI$:
AQ _ "WDE. 'EPEIDH KATEIDEN "HMWN "O BASILEU$ 'EMYUCOU$
'OUSA$ TA$ PRAXEI$ "APASA$ KAI POLLHN MEN 'ARETHN 'EN 'AUTAI$
'OUSAN, POLLHN DE KAKIAN, 'ANWLEQRON DE 'ON GENOMENON, 'ALL'
'OUK 'AIWNION, YUCHN KAI SWMA, KAQAPER "OI KATA NOMON 'ONTE$
<P 904B>
QEOI % GENESI$ GAR 'OUK 'AN4 POTE 'H*N ZWIWN 'APOLOMENOU TOUTOIN
QATEROU % KAI TO MEN 'WFELEIN 'AEI PEFUKO$, "OSON 'AGAQON
YUCH$, DIENOHQH, TO DE KAKON BLAPTEIN; TAUTA PANTA SUNIDWN,
'EMHCANHSATO POU* KEIMENON "EKASTON TWN MERWN NIKWSAN
'ARETHN, "HTTWMENHN DE KAKIAN, 'EN TW*I PANTI PARECOI MALIST'
'AN4 KAI "RA*ISTA KAI 'ARISTA. MEMHCANHTAI DH PRO$ PAN TOUTO
TO POI*ON TI GIGNOMENON 'AEI POI=AN "EDRAN DEI METALAMBANON
'OIKIZESQAI KAI TI=NA$ POTE TOPOU$; TH$ DE GENESEW$ TOU*
<P 904C>
POI=OU TINO$ 'AFHKE TAI$ BOULHSESIN "EKASTWN "HMWN TA$
'AITIA$. "OPHI GAR 'AN4 'EPIQUMHI5 KAI "OPOIO$ TI$ 'WN THN YUCHN,
TAUTHI SCEDON "EKASTOTE KAI TOIOUTO$ GIGNETAI "APA$ "HMWN "W$
TO POLU.
KL _ TO GOUN 'EIKO$.
AQ _ METABALLEI0 MEN-TOINUN PANQ' "OSA METOCA 'ESTIN
YUCH$, 'EN "EAUTOI$ KEKTHMENA THN TH$ METABOLH$ 'AITIAN,
METABALLONTA DE FERETAI KATA THN TH$ "EIMARMENH$ TAXIN KAI
NOMON; SMIKRO=TERA MEN TWN 'HQWN METABALLONTA 'ELATTW KATA
TO TH$ CWRA$ 'EPIPEDON METAPOREUETAI, PLEIW DE-KAI 'ADIKW=TERA
<P 904D>
METAPESONTA, 'EI$ BAQO$ TA TE KATW LEGOMENA TWN TOPWN, "OSA
"AIDHN TE-KAI TA TOUTWN 'ECOMENA TWN 'ONOMATWN 'EPONOMAZONTE$
SFO=DRA FOBOUNTAI KAI 'ONEIROPOLOUSIN0 ZWNTE$ DIALUQENTE$
TE TWN SWMATWN. MEIZW DE-DH YUCH KAKIA$ 'H= 'ARETH$
"OPOTAN METALABHI6 DIA= THN "AUTH$ BOULHSIN TE-KAI "OMILIAN
GENOMENHN 'ISCURAN, "OPOTAN MEN 'ARETHI QEIA\ PROSMEIXASA
GIGNHTAI DIAFERONTW$ TOIAUTH, DIAFERONTA KAI METEBALEN
<P 904E>
TOPON "AGION "OLON, METAKOMISQEISA 'EI$ 'AMEINW TINA TOPON
"ETERON; "OTAN DE 'TANANTIA, 'EPI 'TANANTIA MEQIDRUSASA TON
"AUTH$ BION.
"AU=TH9 TOI9 DIKH9 'ESTI9 QEWN9 "OI=94 'OLUMPON9 'ECOUSIN90,
'W* PAI KAI NEANISKE 'AMELEISQAI DOKWN "UPO QEWN, KAKIW MEN
GIGNOMENON PRO$ TA$ KAKIOU$ YUCA$, 'AMEINW DE PRO$ TA$
'AMEINOU$ POREUOMENON, 'EN TE ZWHI KAI 'EN PASI QANATOI$ PASCEIN
TE "A PROSHKON0 DRAN 'ESTI TOI$ PROSFERESI TOU$ PROSFEREI$


<P 905A>
KAI POIEIN. TAUTH$ TH$ DIKH$ 'OUTE SU MH POTE 'OUTE 'EI 'ALLO$
'ATUCH$ GENOMENO$ 'EPEUXHTAI PERIGENESQAI QEWN; "HN PASWN
DIKWN DIAFERONTW$ 'ETAXAN TE "OI TAXANTE$ CREWN TE 'EXEULABEISQAI
TO PARAPAN. 'OU-GAR 'AMELHQHSHI POTE "UP' 'AUTH$;
'OUC "OUTW SMIKRO$ 'WN DUSHI2 KATA TO TH$ GH$ BAQO$, 'OUD'
"UYHLO$ GENOMENO$ 'EI$ TON 'OURANON 'ANAPTHSHI2, TEISEI$ DE
'AUTWN THN PROSHKOUSAN TIMWRIAN 'EI=T' 'ENQADE MENWN0 'EI=TE-KAI
<P 905B>
'EN "AIDOU DIAPOREUQEI$ 'EI=TE-KAI TOUTWN 'EI$ 'AGRIWTERON 'ETI
DIAKOMISQEI$ TOPON. "O 'AUTO$ DE LOGO$ SOI4 KAI PERI= 'EKEINWN
'AN4 'EIH, TWN "OU$ SU KATIDWN 'EK SMIKRWN MEGALOU$ GEGONOTA$
'ANOSIOURGHSANTA$ 'H= TI TOIOUTON PRAXANTA$ 'WIHQH$ 'EX 'AQLIWN
'EUDAIMONA$ GEGONENAI, 'KA\TA "W$ 'EN KATOPTROI$ 'AUTWN TAI$
PRAXESIN "HGHSW KAQEWRAKENAI THN PANTWN 'AMELEIAN QEWN,
'OUK 'EIDW$ 'AUTWN THN SUNTELEIAN "OPHI POTE TW*I PANTI SUMBALLETAI.
<P 905C>
GIGNWSKEIN DE 'AUTHN, 'W* PANTWN 'ANDREIOTATE, PW*$
'OU DEIN DOKEI$: "HN TI$ MH GIGNWSKWN 'OUD' 'AN4 TUPON 'IDOI POTE,
'OUDE LOGON SUMBALLESQAI PERI= BIOU DUNATO$ 'AN4 GENOITO 'EI$
'EUDAIMONIAN TE-KAI DUSDAIMONA TUCHN. TAUTA 'EI MEN SE PEIQEI0
KLEINIA$ "ODE KAI SUMPASA "HMWN "HDE "H GEROUSIA, PERI= QEWN
"W$ 'OUK 'OISQA "OTI2 LEGEI$, KALW$ 'AN4 SOI4 QEO$ 'AUTO$ SULLAMBANOI;
'EI D' 'EPIDEH$ 'ETI LOGOU TINO$ 'AN4 'EIH$, LEGONTWN0 "HMWN
<P 905D>
PRO$ TON TRITON 'EPAKOUE, 'EI NOUN KAI "OPWSOUN 'ECEI$. "OTI4
MEN-GAR QEOI T' 'EISIN KAI 'ANQRWPWN 'EPIMELOUNTAI, 'EGWGE 'OU
PANTAPASIN FAULW$ 'AN4 FAIHN "HMIN 'APODEDEICQAI; TO DE
PARAITHTOU$ 'AU QEOU$ 'EINAI TOISIN 'ADIKOUSI4, DECOMENOU$ DWRA,
'OUTE TINI SUGCWRHTEON PANTI T' 'AU KATA DUNAMIN TROPWI
'ELEGKTEON.
KL _ KALLIST' 'EIPE$, POIWMEN TE "W$ LEGEI$.
AQ _ FERE DH PRO$ QEWN 'AUTWN, TI=NA TROPON PARAITHTOI
<P 905E>
GIGNOINT' 'AN4 "HMIN 'EI GIGNOINTO 'AU: KAI TI=NE$ 'H= POI*OI TINE$
'ONTE$: 'ARCONTA$ MEN 'ANAGKAION POU GIGNESQAI TOU$ GE
DIOIKHSONTA$ TON "APANTA 'ENTELECW$ 'OURANON.
KL _ "OUTW$.
AQ _ 'ALL'-'A=RA TI=SIN PROSFEREI$ TWN 'ARCONTWN0: 'H= TI=NE$
TOUTOI$, "WN DUNATON "HMIN 'APEIKAZOUSI4 TUGCANEIN MEIZOSIN
'ELATTONA$: POTERON "HNIOCOI TINE$ 'AN4 'EIEN TOIOUTOI ZEUGWN
"AMILLWMENWN 'H= PLOIWN KUBERNHTAI: TACA DE 'KAN4 'APEIKASQEIEN
STRATOPEDWN 'ARCOUSI4 TISIN; 'EIH2 D' 'AN4 KAI NOSWN
POLEMON 'EULABOUMENOI$ 'IATROI$ 'EOIKENAI PERI= SWMATA, 'H=


<P 906A>
GEWRGOI$ PERI= FUTWN GENESIN 'EIWQUIA$ "WRA$ CALEPA$ DIA=
FOBWN PROSDECOMENOI$, 'H=-KAI POIMNIWN 'EPISTATAI$. 'EPEIDH
GAR SUGKECWRHKAMEN "HMIN-'AUTOI$ 'EINAI MEN TON 'OURANON
POLLWN MESTON 'AGAQWN, 'EINAI DE-KAI TWN 'ENANTIWN, PLEIONWN
DE TWN MH, MACH DH, FAMEN, 'AQANATO$ 'ESQ' "H TOIAUTH KAI
FULAKH$ QAUMASTH$ DEOMENH, SUMMACOI DE "HMIN QEOI TE "AMA
KAI DAIMONE$, "HMEI$ D' 'AU KTHMA QEWN KAI DAIMONWN; FQEIREI0
DE "HMA$ 'ADIKIA KAI "UBRI$ META 'AFROSUNH$, SWIZEI0 DE DIKAIOSUNH
<P 906B>
KAI SWFROSUNH META FRONHSEW$, 'EN TAI$ TWN QEWN 'EMYUCOI$
'OIKOUSAI DUNAMESIN, BRACU DE TI KAI THIDE 'AN4 TI$ TWN TOIOUTWN
'ENOIKOUN "HMIN SAFE$ 'IDOI. YUCAI DE TINE$ 'EPI GH$ 'OIKOUSAI
KAI 'ADIKON LHMMA KEKTHMENAI DHLON "OTI4 QHRIWDEI$, PRO$ TA$
TWN FULAKWN YUCA$ 'A=RA KUNWN 'H= TA$ TWN NOMEWN 'H= PRO$
TA$ TWN PANTAPASIN 'AKROTATWN DESPOTWN PROSPIPTOUSAI,
PEIQOUSIN0 QWPEIAI$ LOGWN KAI 'EN 'EUKTAIAI$ TISIN 'EPWIDAI$,
<P 906C>
"W$ "AI FHMAI FASIN0 "AI TWN KAKWN, 'EXEINAI PLEONEKTOUSIN4
SFISIN 'EN 'ANQRWPOI$ PASCEIN MHDEN CALEPON; FAMEN D'
'EINAI POU TO NU*N 'ONOMAZOMENON "AMARTHMA, THN PLEONEXIAN,
'EN MEN SARKINOI$ SWMASI NOSHMA KALOUMENON0, 'EN DE "WRAI$
'ETWN KAI 'ENIAUTOI$ LOIMON, 'EN DE POLESI KAI POLITEIAI$ TOUTO
'AUTO, "RHMATI METESCHMATISMENON, 'ADIKIAN.
KL _ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ TOUTON DH TON LOGON 'ANAGKAION LEGEIN TON LEGONTA
<P 906D>
"W$ 'EISIN SUGGNWMONE$ 'AEI QEOI TOI$ TWN 'ANQRWPWN 'ADIKOI$ KAI
'ADIKOUSIN4, 'AN2 'AUTOI$ TWN 'ADIKHMATWN TI$ 'APONEMHI5; KAQAPER
KUSIN LUKOI TWN "ARPASMATWN SMIKRA 'APONEMOIEN0, "OI DE
"HMEROUMENOI TOI$ DWROI$ SUGCWROIEN TA POIMNIA DIARPAZEIN.
'A*R' 'OUC "OUTO$ "O LOGO$ "O TWN FASKONTWN0 PARAITHTOU$ 'EINAI
QEOU$:
KL _ "OUTO$ MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ TI=SIN 'OUN-DH TWN PRORRHQENTWN5 'APEIKAZWN "OMOIOU$
FULAKA$ 'EINAI QEOU$ 'OUK 'AN4 KATAGELASTO$ GIGNOITO 'ANQRWPWN
<P 906E>
"OSTISOUN: POTERON KUBERNHTAI$, LOIBHI9 TE9 'OINOU KNISHI9
TE9 PARATREPOMENOI$1 'AUTOI$, 'ANATREPOUSI4 DE NAU$ TE-KAI
NAUTA$:
KL _ MHDAMW$.
AQ _ 'ALL'-'OUTI-MHN "HNIOCOISI GE 'EN "AMILLHI SUNTETAGMENOI$,
PEISQEISIN "UPO DWREA$ "ETEROISI THN NIKHN ZEUGESI
PRODOUNAI0.
KL _ DEINHN GAR 'EIKONA LEGOI$ 'AN4 LEGWN TON LOGON
TOUTON.
AQ _ 'OU-MHN-'OUDE STRATHGOI$ GE-'OUD' 'IATROI$ 'OUDE GEWRGOI$,
'OUDE NOMEUSIN MHN-'OUDE TISI KUSIN KEKHLHMENOI$ "UPO
LUKWN.


<P 907A>
KL _ 'EUFHMEI5; PW*$ GAR 'AN4:
AQ _ 'ALL' 'OU PANTWN FULAKWN 'EISI MEGISTOI KAI PERI= TA
MEGISTA "HMIN "OI PANTE$ QEOI:
KL _ POLU GE.
AQ _ TOU$ DH KALLISTA TE PRAGMATA FULATTONTA$, DIAFERONTA$
TE 'AUTOU$ FULAKHI PRO$ 'ARETHN, KUNWN CEIROU$
KAI 'ANQRWPWN MESWN 'EINAI FHSOMEN, "OI=4 TO DIKAION 'OUK 'AN4
POTE PRODOIEN "ENEKA DWRWN PARA 'ADIKWN 'ANDRWN 'ANOSIW$
DIDOMENWN:
<P 907B>
KL _ 'OUDAMW$; 'OUTE 'ANEKTO$ LOGWN, TWN TE PERI= PASAN
'ASEBEIAN 'ONTWN0 KINDUNEUEI0 PA$ "O TAUTH$ TH$ DOXH$ 'ANTECOMENO$
PANTWN 'AN4 TWN 'ASEBWN KEKRISQAI DIKAIOTATA KAKISTO$
TE 'EINAI KAI 'ASEBESTATO$.
AQ _ TA MEN-DH PROTEQENTA TRIA, QEOI TE "W$ 'EISIN, KAI "W$
'EPIMELEI$, KAI PARA TO DIKAION "W$ PANTAPASIN 'APARAITHTOI,
FWMEN "IKANW$ 'APODEDEICQAI POU:
KL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=: KAI SUMYHFOI GE TOUTOI$ TOI$ LOGOI$
'ESMEN.
AQ _ KAI-MHN 'EIRHNTAI GE PW$ SFODROTERON DIA= FILONIKIAN
<P 907C>
TWN KAKWN 'ANQRWPWN; TOUTOU GE-MHN "ENEKA, 'W* FILE KLEINIA,
PEFILONIKHNTAI, MH POTE LOGOI$ "HGWNTAI KRATOUNTE$ 'EXOUSIAN
'EINAI SFISIN "A BOULONTAI PRATTEIN "OI KAKOI, "A DH-KAI "OSA
KAI "OI*A PERI= QEOU$ DIANOOUNTAI. PROQUMIA MEN-DH DIA= TAUTA
NEWTERW$ 'EIPEIN "HMIN GEGONEN0; 'EI DE TI KAI BRACU 'PROURGOU
PEPOIHKAMEN 'EI$ TO PEIQEIN PHI TOU$ 'ANDRA$ "EAUTOU$ MEN
MISHSAI0, TA D' 'ENANTIA PW$ 'HQH STERXAI0, KALW$ "HMIN 'EIRHMENON
<P 907D>
'AN4 'EIH TO PROOIMION 'ASEBEIA$ PE=RI NOMWN.
KL _ 'ALLA= 'ELPI$; 'EI DE MH, TO GE TOU* LOGOU GENO$ 'OUK
'AITIASETAI TON NOMOQETHN.
AQ _ META TO PROOIMION TOINUN LOGO$ "OIO$ 'AN4 TWN NOMWN
"ERMHNEU$ 'ORQW$ GIGNOITO "HMIN, PROAGOREUWN 'EXISTASQAI PASI
TOI$ 'ASEBESI TROPWN TWN "AUTWN 'EI$ TOU$ 'EUSEBEI$. TOI$ DE MH
PEIQOMENOI$ 'ASEBEIA$ "ODE 'ESTW PE=RI NOMO$; 'EA=N TI$ 'ASEBHI5
<P 907E>
LOGOI$ 'EI=T' 'ERGOI$, "O PARATUGCANWN 'AMUNETW SHMAINWN PRO$
'ARCONTA$, TWN DE 'ARCONTWN0 "OI PRWTOI PUQOMENOI PRO$ TO
PERI= TOUTWN 'APODEDEIGMENON KRINEIN0 DIKASTHRION 'EISAGAGONTWN4
KATA TOU$ NOMOU$; 'EA=N DE TI$ 'AKOUSASA 'ARCH MH
DRA*I2 TAUTA, 'AUTH 'ASEBEIA$ "UPODIKO$ GIGNESQW TW*I 'EQELONTI
TIMWREIN "UPER TWN NOMWN. 'EA=N DE TI$ 'OFLHI6, TIMATW TO
DIKASTHRION "EN "EKASTWI TWN KAQ' "EN 'ASEBOUNTWN0 TIMHMA.


<P 908A>
DESMO$ MEN-'OUN "UPARCETW PASIN; DESMWTHRIWN DE 'ONTWN0 'EN
THI POLEI TRIWN, "ENO$ MEN KOINOU TOI$ PLEISTOI$ PERI= 'AGORAN,
SWTHRIA$ "ENEKA TOI$ POLLOI$ TWN SWMATWN, "ENO$ DE PERI= TON
TWN NUKTWR SULLEGOMENWN SULLOGON, SWFRONISTHRION 'EPONOMAZOMENON,
"ENO$ DE 'AU KATA MESHN THN CWRAN, "OPHIPER 'AN4
'ERHMO$ TE-KAI "W$ "OTI2 MALISTA 'AGRIWTATO$ 'HI TOPO$, TIMWRIA$
'ECWN 'EPWNUMIAN FHMHN TINA; PERI= 'ASEBEIAN DE 'ONTWN0 'AITIAI$
<P 908B>
MEN TRISIN, "AISPER KAI DIHLQOMEN, DUO DE 'EX "EKASTH$ TH$
TOIAUTH$ 'AITIA$ GENOMENWN, "EX 'AN4 GIGNOINTO "A KAI DIAKRISEW$
'A=XIA GENH TWN PERI= TA QEI*A 'EXAMARTANONTWN0, 'OUK 'ISH$ 'OUD'
"OMOIA$ DIKH$ DEOMENA. "WI GAR 'AN4 MH NOMIZONTI QEOU$ 'EINAI
TO PARAPAN 'HQO$ FUSEI PROSGENHTAI DIKAION, MISOUNTE$ TE
GIGNONTAI TOU$ KAKOU$, KAI TW*I DUSCERAINEIN THN 'ADIKIAN 'OUTE
TA$ TOIAUTA$ PRAXEI$ PROSIENTAI PRATTEIN, TOU$ TE MH DIKAIOU$
<P 908C>
TWN 'ANQRWPWN FEUGOUSI0 KAI TOU$ DIKAIOU$ STERGOUSIN0; "OI$
D' 'AN4 PRO$ THI DOXHI THI QEWN 'ERHMA 'EINAI PANTA 'AKRATEIAI
TE "HDONWN KAI LUPWN PROSPESWSI, MNHMAI TE 'ISCURAI KAI
MAQHSEI$ 'OXEIAI PARWSI, TO MEN MH NOMIZEIN QEOU$ 'AMFOIN
'AN4 'ENUPARCOI KOINON PAQO$, THI DE TWN 'ALLWN 'ANQRWPWN
LWBHI TO MEN 'ELATTW, TO DE PLEIW KAKA 'ERGAZOIT' 'AN4. "O MEN-GAR
LOGWI TE 'AN4 PERI= QEOU$ PARRHSIA$ 'EIH MESTO$ KAI PERI=
QUSIA$ TE-KAI "ORKOU$, KAI "W$ TWN 'ALLWN KATAGELWN TAC' 'AN4
<P 908D>
"ETEROU$ TOIOUTOU$ 'APERGAZOITO, DIKH$ MH TUGCANWN; "O DE-DH
DOXAZWN MEN KAQAPER "ATERO$, 'EUFUH$ DE 'EPIKALOUMENO$0,
DOLOU DE-KAI 'ENEDRA$ PLHRH$, 'EX "WN MANTEI$ TE KATASKEUAZONTAI
POLLOI KAI PERI= PASAN THN MAGGANEIAN KEKINHMENOI,
GIGNONTAI DE 'EX 'AUTWN 'ESTIN "OTE KAI TURANNOI KAI DHMHGOROI
KAI STRATHGOI, KAI TELETAI$ DE 'IDIAI$ 'EPIBEBOULEUKOTE$,
SOFISTWN TE 'EPIKALOUMENWN0 MHCANAI. TOUTWN DH POLLA
<P 908E>
MEN 'EIDH GENOIT' 'AN4, TA DE NOMWN 'A=XIA QESEW$ DUO, "WN TO MEN
'EIRWNIKON 'OUC "ENO$ 'OUDE DUOIN 'A=XIA QANATOIN "AMARTANON, TO
DE NOUQETHSEW$ "AMA KAI DESMWN DEOMENON. "WSAUTW$ DE-KAI
TO QEOU$ NOMIZON 'AMELEIN DU' "E=TERA GENNA*I0, KAI TO PARAITHTOU$
'A=LLA DUO. TOUTWN DH TAUTHI DIESTHKOTWN, TOU$ MEN "UP'
'ANOIA$ 'ANEU KAKH$ 'ORGH$ TE-KAI 'HQOU$ GEGENHMENOU$ 'EI$ TO


<P 909A>
SWFRONISTHRION "O DIKASTH$ TIQEMENO$ NOMWI TIQESQW MHDEN
'ELATTON 'ETWN PENTE, 'EN TOUTWI DE TW*I CRONWI MHDEI$ TWN
POLITWN 'AUTOI$ 'ALLO$ SUGGIGNESQW PLHN "OI TOU* NUKTERINOU
SULLOGOU KOINWNOUNTE$, 'EPI NOUQETHSEI TE-KAI THI TH$ YUCH$
SWTHRIA\ "OMILOUNTE$; "OTAN D' "O CRONO$ 'AUTOI$ 'EXELQHI6 TWN
DESMWN, 'EA=N MEN DOKHI5 TI$ SWFRONEIN 'AUTWN, 'OIKEITW META
TWN SWFRONWN, 'EA=N DE MH, 'OFEILHI5 D' 'AUQI$ THN TOIAUTHN
DIKHN, QANATWI ZHMIOUSQW. "OSOI D' 'AN4 QHRIWDEI$ GENWNTAI
<P 909B>
PRO$ TW*I QEOU$ MH NOMIZEIN 'H= 'AMELEI$ 'H= PARAITHTOU$ 'EINAI,
KATAFRONOUNTE$ DE TWN 'ANQRWPWN YUCAGWGWSI MEN POLLOU$
TWN ZWNTWN0, TOU$ DE TEQNEWTA$ FASKONTE$ YUCAGWGEIN KAI
QEOU$ "UPISCNOUMENOI PEIQEIN, "W$ QUSIAI$ TE-KAI 'EUCAI$ KAI
'EPWIDAI$ GOHTEUONTE$, 'IDIWTA$ TE-KAI "OLA$ 'OIKIA$ KAI POLEI$
CRHMATWN CARIN 'EPICEIRWSIN KAT' 'AKRA$ 'EXAIREIN, TOUTWN DE
"O$4 'AN4 'OFLWN 'EINAI DOXHI6, TIMATW TO DIKASTHRION 'AUTWI KATA
<P 909C>
NOMON DEDESQAI MEN 'EN TW*I TWN MESOGEWN DESMWTHRIWI,
PROSIENAI DE 'AUTOI$ MHDENA 'ELEUQERON MHDEPOTE, TAKTHN DE
"UPO TWN NOMOFULAKWN 'AUTOU$ TROFHN PARA TWN 'OIKETWN LAMBANEIN.
'APOQANONTA DE 'EXW TWN "ORIWN 'EKBALLEIN 'ATAFON;
'EA=N DE TI$ 'ELEUQERO$ SUNQAPTHI5, DIKA$ 'ASEBEIA$ TW*I 'EQELONTI
LAGCANEIN "UPECETW. PAIDA$ DE 'AN2 MEN KATALEIPHI5 THI POLEI
"IKANOU$, "OI TWN 'ORFANWN 'EPIMELOUMENOI KAI TOUTWN "W$ 'ONTWN0
<P 909D>
'ORFANWN 'EPIMELEISQWN MHDEN CEIRON TWN 'ALLWN 'APO TH$
"HMERA$ "H$ 'AN4 "O PATHR 'AUTWN 'OFLHI6 THN DIKHN.
KOINON D' 'EPI TOUTOI$ PASIN NOMON KEISQAI CREWN, "O$4
'ELATTW TE 'EI$ QEOU$ 'AUTWN TOU$ POLLOU$ 'ERGWI KAI LOGWI
PLHMMELEIN 'AN4 POIOI*, KAI-DH-KAI 'ANOHTOU$ "HTTON GIGNESQAI,
DIA= TO MH 'EXEINAI QEOPOLEIN PARA NOMON. 'ESTW GAR NOMO$
"ODE TOI$ SUMPASIN KEIMENO$ "APLW$; "IERA MHDE "EI$ 'EN 'IDIAI$
'OIKIAI$ 'EKTHSQW; QUEIN D' "OTAN 'EPI NOUN 'IHI5 TINI, PRO$ TA
DHMO=SIA 'ITW QUSWN, KAI TOI$ "IEREUSI TE-KAI "IEREIAI$ 'EGCEIRIZETW
<P 909E>
TA QUMATA, "OI$ "AGNEIAI TOUTWN 'EPIMELEI$. SUNEUXASQW
DE 'AUTO$ TE-KAI "ON 'AN4 'EQELHI5 MET' 'AUTOU SUNEUCESQAI. TAUTA
DE GIGNOMENA TWN TOIWNDE CARIN 'ESTW. "IERA KAI QEOU$ 'OU
"RA\DION "IDRUESQAI, MEGALH$ DE DIANOIA$ TINO$ 'ORQW$ DRAN TO
TOIOUTON, 'EQO$ TE GUNAIXI TE-DH DIAFERONTW$ PASAI$ KAI TOI$
'ASQENOUSI4 PANTHI KAI KINDUNEUOUSI4 KAI 'APOROUSIN4, "OPHI TI$
'AN4 'APORHI5, KAI 'TOUNANTION "OTAN 'EUPORIA$ TINO$ LABWNTAI,
KAQIEROUN0 TE TO PARON 'AEI KAI QUSIA$ 'EUCESQAI KAI "IDRUSEI$


<P 910A>
"UPISCNEISQAI QEOI$ KAI DAIMOSIN KAI PAISIN QEWN, 'EN TE
FASMASIN 'EGRHGOROTA$ DIA= FOBOU$ KAI 'EN 'ONEIROI$, "W$ D'
"AUTW$ 'OYEI$ POLLA$ 'APOMNHMONEUONTA$ "EKASTAISI TE 'AUTWN
'AKH POIOUMENOU$, BWMOU$ KAI "IERA PASA$ MEN 'OIKIA$, PASA$
DE KWMA$ 'EN TE KAQAROI$ "IDRUOMENOU$ 'EMPIMPLANAI KAI "OPHI
TI$ 'ETUCE TWN TOIOUTWN. "WN "ENEKA CRH PANTWN POIEIN KATA
TON NU*N LEGOMENON NOMON; PRO$ TOUTOI$ DE "ENEKA TWN 'ASEBOUNTWN0,
<P 910B>
"INA MH KAI TAUTA KLEPTONTE$ TAI$ PRAXESIN "IERA
TE-KAI BWMOU$ 'EN 'IDIAI$ 'OIKIAI$ "IDRUOMENOI, LAQRA\ TOU$ QEOU$
"ILEW$ 'OIOMENOI POIEIN QUSIAI$ TE-KAI 'EUCAI$, 'EI$ 'APEIRON THN
'ADIKIAN 'AUXANONTE$ "AUTOI$ TE 'EGKLHMATA PRO$ QEWN POIWNTAI
KAI TOI$ 'EPITREPOUSIN4, 'OUSIN 'AUTWN BELTIOSIN, KAI PASA
"OUTW$ "H POLI$ 'APOLAUHI5 TWN 'ASEBWN TROPON TINA DIKAIW$.
TON MEN-DH NOMOQETHN "O QEO$ 'OU MEMYETAI; KEISQW GAR NOMO$
"OUTO$; MH KEKTHSQAI QEWN 'EN 'IDIAI$ 'OIKIAI$ "IERA, TON DE
<P 910C>
FANENTA KEKTHMENON "E=TERA KAI 'ORGIAZONTA PLHN TA DHMO=SIA,
'EA=N MEN 'ADIKON MHDEN TWN MEGALWN KAI 'ANOSIWN 'EIRGASMENO$
'ANHR 'H=-KAI GUNH KEKTHTAI TI$, "O MEN 'AISQANOMENO$
KAI 'EISAGGELLETW TOI$ NOMOFULAXIN, "OI DE PROSTATTONTWN2
'EI$ TA DHMO=SIA 'APOFEREIN "IERA TA 'I=DIA, MH PEIQONTE$ DE
ZHMIOUNTWN3 "EW$ 'AN4 'APENECQHI; 'EA=N DE TI$ 'ASEBHSA$ MH
PAIDIWN 'ALL' 'ANDRWN 'ASEBHMA 'ANOSIWN GENHTAI FANERO$,
'EI=TE 'EN 'IDIOI$ "IDRUSAMENO$ 'EI=T' 'EN DHMOSIOI$ QUSA$ "IERA QEOI$
<P 910D>
"OISTISINOUN, "W$ 'OU KAQARO$ 'WN QUWN QANATWI ZHMIOUSQW.
TO DE PAIDEION 'H= MH KRINANTE$ "OI NOMOFULAKE$, 'EI$ TO
DIKASTHRION "OUTW$ 'EISAGAGONTE$, THN TH$ 'ASEBEIA$ DIKHN
TOUTOI$ 'EPITELOUNTWN3.


<B NOM11>


<P 913A>
AQ _ TO DH META TAUT' 'EIH SUMBOLAIWN 'AN4 PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$
"HMIN DEOMENA PROSHKOUSH$ TAXEW$. "APLOUN DE-GE
'ESTIN POU TO GE TOIOUTON; MHTE-'OUN TI$ TWN 'EMWN CRHMATWN
"APTOITO 'EI$ DUNAMIN, MHD' 'AU KINHSEIEN MHDE TO BRACUTATON
'EME MHDAMHI MHDAMW$ PEIQWN; KATA 'TAUTA DE TAUTA KAI
PERI= TA TWN 'ALLWN 'EGW DRWIHN, NOUN 'ECWN 'EMFRONA. QHSAURON
DH LEGWMEN PRWTON TWN TOIOUTWN "ON TI$ "AUTWI KAI
TOI$ "AUTOU KEIMHLION 'EQETO, MH TWN 'EMWN 'WN PATERWN; MHQ'
<P 913B>
"EUREIN POTE QEOI$ 'EUXAIMHN MHQ' "EURWN KINHSAIMI, MHD' 'AU
TOI$ LEGOMENOI$ MANTESIN 'ANAKOINWSAIMI TOI$ "AMW$ GE PW$
MOI SUMBOULEUOUSIN4 'ANELEIN THN GHI PARAKATAQHKHN. 'OU-GAR
POTE TOSOUTON 'EI$ CRHMATWN 'WFELHQEIHN 'AN4 KTHSIN
'ANELWN, "OSON 'EI$ 'OGKON PRO$ 'ARETHN YUCH$ KAI TO DIKAION
'EPIDIDOIHN MH 'ANELOMENO$, KTHMA 'ANTI KTHMATO$ 'AMEINON
'EN 'AMEINONI KTHSAMENO$, DIKHN 'EN THI YUCHI PLOUTOU PROTIMHSA$
'EN 'OUSIA\ KEKTHSQAI PROTERON; 'EPI POLLOI$ GAR-DH
LEGOMENON 'EU TO MH KINEIN TA 'AKINHTA KAI PERI= TOUTOU
<P 913C>
LEGOIT' 'AN4 "W$ "ENO$ 'EKEINWN 'ONTO$. PEIQESQAI DE CRH KAI
TOI$ PERI= TAUTA LEGOMENOI$ MUQOI$, "W$ 'EI$ PAIDWN GENEAN
'OU SUMFORA TA TOIAUTA; "O$4 D' 'AN4 PAIDWN TE 'AKHDH$ GENHTAI
KAI, TOU* QENTO$ TON NOMON 'AMELHSA$, "A MHTE 'AUTO$ KATEQETO
MHTE 'AU PATERWN TI$ PATHR, MH PEISA$ TON QEMENON 'ANELHTAI,
KALLISTON NOMWN DIAFQEIRWN, "APLOUSTATON KAI
'OUDAMHI 'AGENNOU$ 'ANDRO$ NOMOQETHMA, "O$4 'EI*PEN; "A9 MH9 KATEQOU1,
<P 913D>
MH9 'ANELHI94 % TOUTOIN TOIN DUOIN NOMOQETAIN KATAFRONHSANTA
KAI 'ANELOMENON, 'OUTI SMIKRON, "O= MH KATEQETO 'AUTO$,
PLHQO$ D' 'ESTIN "OTE QHSAUROU PAMMEGEQE$, TI= CRH PASCEIN:
"UPO MEN-DH QEWN, "O QEO$ 'OIDEN; "O DE KATIDWN PRWTO$ 'AGGELLETW,
'EA=N MEN 'EN 'ASTEI GIGNHTAI TO TOIOUTON, TOI$ 'ASTUNOMOI$,
'EA=N DE TH$ POLEW$ 'EN 'AGORA*I POU, TOISIN 'AGORANOMOI$, 'EA=N


<P 914A>
DE TH$ 'ALLH$ CWRA$, 'AGRONOMOI$ TE-KAI TOI$ TOUTWN 'ARCOUSI4
DHLWSATW. DHLWQENTWN5 DE, "H POLI$ 'EI$ DELFOU$ PEMPETW;
"OTI2 D' 'AN4 "O QEO$ 'ANAIRHI5 PERI= TE TWN CRHMATWN KAI TOU* KINHSANTO$,
TOUTO "H POLI$ "UPHRETOUSA TAI$ MANTEIAI$ DRATW TOU*
QEOU. KAI 'EA=N MEN 'ELEUQERO$ "O MHNUSA$ 'HI, DOXAN 'ARETH$
KEKTHSQW, MH MHNUSA$ DE, KAKIA$; DOULO$ D' 'EA=N 'HI, MHNUSA$
MEN 'ELEUQERO$ "UPO TH$ POLEW$ 'ORQW$ GIGNOIT' 'AN4 'APODIDOUSH$
TW*I DESPOTHI THN TIMHN, MH MHNUWN DE QANATWI ZHMIOUSQW.
<P 914B>
TOUTWI D' "EPOMENON "EXH$ 'AN4 GIGNOITO TO PERI=
SMIKRA KAI MEGALA 'TAUTON TOUTO NOMIMON SUNAKOLOUQEIN.
'AN2 TI$ TWN "AUTOU TI KATALEIPHI5 POU "EKWN 'EI=T' 'AKWN, "O
PROSTUGCANWN 'EATW KEISQAI, NOMIZWN FULATTEIN 'ENODIAN
DAIMONA TA TOIAUTA "UPO TOU* NOMOU THI QEWI KAQIERWMENA.
'AN2 DE PARA TAUTA TI$ 'APEIQWN 'ANAIROUMENO$ 'OIKADE FERHI5,
'AN2 MEN SMIKRA$ TIMH$ 'AXION 'WN DOULO$, "UPO TOU* PROSTUGCANONTO$
MH 'ELATTON TRIAKONTAETOU$ POLLA$ PLHGA$ MASTIGOUSQW;
<P 914C>
'EA=N DE TI$ 'ELEUQERO$, PRO$ TW*I 'ANELEUQERO$ 'EINAI
DOKEIN KAI 'AKOINWNHTO$ NOMWN, DEKAPLASION TH$ TIMH$ TOU*
KINHQENTO$ 'APOTINETW TW*I KATALIPONTI. 'EA=N DE TI$ 'EPAITIATAI2
TWN "AUTOU CRHMATWN 'ECEIN TINA PLEON 'H=-KAI SMIKROTERON,
"O DE "OMOLOGHI5 MEN 'ECEIN, MH TO 'EKEINOU DE, 'AN2 MEN
'APOGEGRAMMENON-'HI PARA TOI$ 'ARCOUSIN4 TO KTHMA KATA NOMON,
TON 'ECONTA KALEISQW PRO$ THN 'ARCHN, "O DE KAQISTATW.
GENOMENOU DE 'EMFANOU$ 'EA=N 'EN TOI$ GRAMMASIN 'APOGEGRAMMENON
<P 914D>
FAINHTAI POTEROU TWN 'AMFISBHTOUNTWN0, 'ECWN "OUTO$
'APITW; 'EA=N DE TINO$ 'ALLOU TWN MH PARONTWN0, "OPOTERO$ 'AN4
PARASCHI6 TON 'EGGUHTHN 'AXIOCREWN, "UPER TOU* 'APONTO$ "W$
PARADWSWN 'EKEINWI KATA THN 'EKEINOU 'AFAIRESIN 'AFAIREISQW.
'EA=N DE PARA TOI$ 'ARCOUSI4 TO 'AMFISBHTOUMENON MH 'APOGEGRAMMENON-'HI,
KEISQW MEN MECRI DIKH$ PARA TRISI TWN
'ARCONTWN0 TOI$ PRESBUTATOI$, 'EA=N DE TO MESEGGUWQEN QREMMA
'HI, TON NIKHQENTA PERI= 'AUTOU4 DIKHI THN TROFHN 'EKTINEIN TOI$
<P 914E>
'ARCOUSIN4; THN DE KRISIN DIADIKAZEIN 'ENTO$ TRIWN "HMERWN
TOU$ 'ARCONTA$.
'AGETW TON "EAUTOU DOULON "O BOULOMENO$, 'EA=N 'EMFRWN
'HI, CRHSOMENO$ "OTI2 'AN4 'EQELHI5 TWN "OPOSA "O=SIA; 'AGETW DE-KAI
"UPER 'ALLOU TWN 'OIKEIWN 'H= FILWN TON 'AFESTWTA 'EPI SWTHRIA\.
'EA=N DE TI$ 'AFAIRHTAI TINA 'EI$ 'ELEUQERIAN "W$ DOULON
'AGOMENON, MEQIETW MEN "O 'AGWN, "O DE 'AFAIROUMENO$ 'EGGUHTA$
TREI$ 'AXIOCREW$ KATASTHSA$, "OUTW$ 'AFAIREISQW KATA TAUTA,
'ALLW$ DE MH; 'EA=N DE PARA TAUTA TI$ 'AFAIRHTAI, TWN BIAIWN


<P 915A>
'ENOCO$ 'ESTW, KAI "ALOU$ THN DIPLASIAN TOU* 'EPIGRAFENTO$
BLABOU$ TW*I 'AFAIREQENTI TINETW. 'AGETW DE-KAI TON 'APELEUQERON,
'EA=N TI$ MH QERAPEUHI5 TOU$ 'APELEUQERWSANTA$ 'H=
MH "IKANW$; QERAPEIA DE FOITAN TRI$ TOU* MHNO$ TON 'APELEUQERWQENTA
PRO$ THN TOU* 'APELEUQERWSANTO$ "ESTIAN,
'EPAGGELLOMENON "OTI2 CRH DRAN TWN DIKAIWN KAI "AMA DUNATWN,
KAI PERI= GAMOU POIEIN "OTIPER2 'AN4 SUNDOKHI5 TW*I GENOMENWI
DESPOTHI. PLOUTEIN DE TOU* 'APELEUQERWSANTO$ MH 'EXEINAI
<P 915B>
MALLON; TO DE PLEON GIGNESQW TOU* DESPOTOU. MH PLEIW
DE 'EIKOSIN 'ETWN MENEIN0 TON 'AFEQENTA, 'ALLA= KAQAPER KAI TOU$
'ALLOU$ XENOU$ 'APIENAI LABONTA THN "AUTOU PASAN 'OUSIAN,
'EA=N MH PEISHI6 TOU$ TE 'ARCONTA$ KAI TON 'APELEUQERWSANTA.
'EA=N DE TW*I 'APELEUQERWQENTI 'H=-KAI TWN 'ALLWN TWI XENWN
'OUSIA PLEIWN GIGNHTAI TOU* TRITOU MEGEQEI TIMHMATO$, "HI 'AN4
TOUTO "HMERA\ GENHTAI, TRIAKONTA "HMERWN 'APO TAUTH$ TH$
<P 915C>
"HMERA$ LABWN 'APITW TA "EAUTOU, KAI MHDEMIA TH$ MONH$
PARAITHSI$ 'ETI TOUTWI PAR' 'ARCONTWN0 GIGNESQW; 'EA=N DE TI$
'APEIQWN TOUTOI$ 'EISACQEI$ 'EI$ DIKASTHRION 'OFLHI6, QANATWI
TE ZHMIOUSQW KAI TA CRHMATA 'AUTOU4 GIGNESQW DHMO=SIA.
DIKAI D' 'ESTWSAN TOUTWN 'EN TAI$ FULETIKAISIN DIKAI$, 'EA=N
MH PROTERON 'EN GEITOSIN 'H= 'EN "AIRETOISIN DIKASTAI$ 'APALLATTWNTAI
PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ TWN 'EGKLHMATWN. 'EA=N DE "W$ "AUTOU
'EFAPTHTAI ZWIOU KAI "OTOUOUN 'H= TINO$ "ETEROU TWN "AUTOU
<P 915D>
CRHMATWN, 'ANAGETW MEN "O 'ECWN 'EI$ PRATHRA 'H= TON DONTA
'AXIOCREWN TE-KAI 'ENDIKON 'H= TINI TROPWI PARADONTA 'ALLWI
KURIW$, 'EI$ MEN POLITHN 'H=-KAI METOIKON TWN 'EN THI POLEI
"HMERWN TRIAKONTA, 'EI$ DE XENIKHN PARADOSIN PENTE MHNWN,
"H$ MESO$ "O MHN 'EN "WI TREPETAI QERINO$ "HLIO$ 'EI$ TA CEIMERINA.
"OSA DE DIA= TINO$ 'WNH$ 'H=-KAI PRASEW$ 'ALLATTHTAI
TI$ "ETERO$ 'ALLWI DIDONTA 'EN CWRA\ THI TETAGMENHI "EKASTOI$
KAT' 'AGORAN KAI DECOMENON 'EN TW*I PARACRHMA TIMHN, "OUTW$
<P 915E>
'ALLATTESQAI, 'ALLOQI DE MHDAMOU, MHD' 'EPI 'ANABOLHI PRASIN
MHDE 'WNHN POIEISQAI MHDENO$; 'EA=N DE 'ALLW$ 'H= 'EN 'ALLOI$
TOPOI$ "OTIOUN 'ANQ' "OTOUOUN DIAMEIBHTAI "ETERO$ 'ALLWI, PISTEUWN
PRO$ "ON 'AN4 'ALLATTHTAI, POIEITW TAUTA "W$ 'OUK 'OUSWN
DIKWN KATA NOMON PERI= TWN MH PRAQENTWN5 KATA TA NU*N
LEGOMENA. 'ERANWN DE PE=RI, TON BOULOMENON 'ERANIZEIN FILON
PARA FILOI$; 'EA=N DE TI$ DIAFORA GIGNHTAI PERI= TH$ 'ERANISEW$,
"OUTW PRATTEIN "W$ DIKWN MHDENI PERI= TOUTWN MHDAMW$
'ESOMENWN. "O$4 D' 'AN4 'APODOMENO$ TIMHN TOU LABHI6 MH 'ELATTW
DRACMWN PENTHKONTA, PARAMENETW KATA POLIN 'EX 'ANAGKH$


<P 916A>
DEKA "HMERA$, "O DE PRIAMENO$ 'ISTW THN 'OIKIAN THN TOU* 'APODOMENOU,
TWN PERI= TA TOIAUTA 'EGKLHMATWN 'EIWQOTWN GIGNESQAI
CARIN KAI TWN 'ANAGWGWN TWN KATA NOMOU$ "EINEKA; "H DE KATA
NOMOU$ 'ANAGWGH KAI MH THIDE 'ESTW. 'EA=N TI$ 'ANDRAPODON
'APODWTAI KAMNON FQOHI 'H= LIQWN 'H= STRAGGOURIWN 'H= THI KALOUMENHI0
"IERA*I NOSWI 'H=-KAI "ETERWI TINI 'ADHLWI TOI$ POLLOI$ NOSHMATI
MAKRWI KAI DUSIATWI KATA TO SWMA 'H= KATA THN DIANOIAN,
'EA=N MEN 'IATRWI TI$ 'H= GUMNASTHI, MH 'ANAGWGH$ 'ESTW2 TOUTWI
<P 916B>
PRO$ TON TOIOUTON TUGCANEIN, MHD' 'EA=N 'TALHQE$ TI$ PROEIPWN
'APODWTAI TWI; 'EA=N DE TI$ 'IDIWTHI TI TWN TOIOUTWN 'APODWTAI
DHMIOURGO$, "O PRIAMENO$ 'ENTO$ "EKMHNOU 'ANAGETW, PLHN TH$
"IERA$, TAUTH$ D' 'ENTO$ 'ENIAUTOU THN 'ANAGWGHN 'EXESTW
POIEISQAI TH$ NOSOU. DIADIKAZESQW DE 'EN TISI TWN 'IATRWN,
"OU$ 'AN4 KOINHI PROBALOMENOI "ELWNTAI; TON DE 'OFLONTA THN
DIKHN DIPLASION 'APOTINEIN TH$ TIMH$ "H$ 'AN4 'APODWTAI. 'EA=N
<P 916C>
DE 'IDIWTHI TI$ 'IDIWTH$, 'ANAGWGHN MEN 'EINAI, KAQAPER KAI
TOI$ PROSQEN 'ERRHQH, KAI THN DIADIKASIAN, "O DE 'OFLWN THN
TIMHN "APLHN 'APOTINETW. 'EA=N DE 'ANDROFONON 'APODWTAI TI$
TINI 'EIDOTI MEN 'EIDW$, MH TUGCANETW 'ANAGWGH$ TOU* TOIOUTOU
TH$ PRASEW$, MH DE 'EIDOTI THN MEN 'ANAGWGHN 'EINAI TO=TE "OTAN
TI$ 'AISQHTAI TWN PRIAMENWN, 'EN PENTE DE TWN NOMOFULAKWN
TOI$ NEWTATOI$ 'EINAI THN KRISIN, 'EIDW$ DE 'AN2 KRIQHI, TA$ TE
'OIKIA$ TOU* PRIAMENOU KAQHRATW KATA TON TWN 'EXHGHTWN
<P 916D>
NOMON, TH$ TIMH$ TE 'APODOTW TW*I PRIAMENWI TRIPLASION.
"O DE 'ALLATTOMENO$ 'H= NOMISMA 'ANTI NOMISMATO$, 'H=-KAI
TWN 'ALLWN ZWIWN "OTIOUN 'H=-KAI MH ZWIWN, 'AKIBDHLON PAN
DIDOTW KAI DECESQW TW*I NOMWI SUNEPOMENO$; PROOIMION DE,
KAQAPER 'ALLWN NOMWN, DEXWMEQA KAI PERI= "OLH$ TAUTH$ TH$
KA=KH$. KIBDHLEIAN DE CRH PANTA 'ANDRA DIANOHQHNAI KAI
YEUDO$ KAI 'APATHN "W$ "EN TI GENO$ 'ON, TOUTO "WI THN FHMHN
'EPIFEREIN 'EIWQASIN "OI POLLOI, KAKW$ LEGONTE$, "W$ 'EN KAIRWI
<P 916E>
GIGNOMENON "EKASTOTE TO TOIOUTON POLLAKI$ 'AN4 'ORQW$ 'ECOI,
TON KAIRON DE-KAI "OPOU KAI "OPOTE 'ATAKTW$ KAI 'AORISTW$
'EWNTE$, THI LEXEI TAUTHI POLLA ZHMIOUNTAI TE-KAI ZHMIOUSIN0
"ETEROU$. NOMOQETHI DE 'OUK 'EGCWREI0 TOUTO 'AORISTON 'EA*N,
'ALLA= 'H= MEIZOU$ 'H= 'ELATTOU$ "OROU$ 'AEI DEI DIASAFEIN, KAI-DH-KAI
NU*N "WRISQW. YEUDO$ MHDEI$ MHDEN MHD' 'APATHN MHDE
TI KIBDHLON, GENO$ 'EPIKALOUMENO$0 QEWN, MHTE LOGWI MHTE


<P 917A>
'ERGWI PRAXEIEN, "O MH QEOMISESTATO$ 'ESESQAI MELLWN; "OUTO$
D' 'ESTIN "O$4 'AN4 "ORKOU$ 'OMNU$ YEUDEI$ MHDEN FRONTIZHI5 QEWN,
DEUTERO$ DE "O$4 'AN4 'ENANTION TWN KREITTONWN "AUTOU YEUDHTAI.
KREITTOU$ DE "OI 'AMEINOU$ TWN CEIRONWN, PRESBUTAI TE "W$ 'EPI
TO PAN 'EIPEIN TWN NEWN, DIO KAI GONH$ KREITTOU$ 'EKGONWN,
KAI 'ANDRE$ DH GUNAIKWN KAI PAIDWN, 'ARCONTE$ TE 'ARCOMENWN;
"OU$ 'AIDEISQAI PASIN PANTA$ PREPON 'AN4 'EIH 'EN 'ALLHI TE 'ARCHI
PASHI KAI 'EN TAI$ POLITIKAI$ DH MALISTA 'ARCAI$, "OQEN "O NU*N
PARWN "HMIN LOGO$ 'ELHLUQEN0. PA$ GAR TWN KAT' 'AGORAN
<P 917B>
"O KIBDHLEUWN TI YEUDETAI KAI 'APATA*I0 KAI TOU$ QEOU$ PARAKALWN0
'EPOMNUSIN0 'EN TOI$ TWN 'AGORANOMWN NOMOISIN TE-KAI
FULAKTHRIOI$, 'OUTE 'ANQRWPOU$ 'AIDOUMENO$ 'OUTE QEOU$ SEBOMENO$.
PANTW$ MEN-DH KALON 'EPITHDEUMA QEWN 'ONOMATA
MH CRAINEIN "RA\DIW$ 'ECONTA "W$ 'ECOUSIN0 "HMWN "EKASTOTE TA
POLLA "OI PLEISTOI KAQAROTHTO$ TE-KAI "AGNEIA$ TA PERI=
TOU$ QEOU$; 'EI D'-'OUN MH PEIQOITO, "ODE NOMO$; "O PWLWN
"OTIOUN 'EN 'AGORA*I MHDEPOTE DUO 'EIPHI6 TIMA$ "WN 'AN4 PWLHI5,
<P 917C>
"APLHN DE 'EIPWN, 'AN2 MH TUGCANHI5 TAUTH$, 'APOFERWN 'ORQW$
'AN4 'APOFEROI PALIN, KAI TAUTH$ TH$ "HMERA$ MH TIMHSHI6 PLEONO$
MHDE 'ELATTONO$, 'EPAINO$ DE "ORKO$ TE PERI= PANTO$ TOU* PWLOUMENOU
'APESTW; 'EA=N DE TI$ 'APEIQHI5 TOUTOI$, "O PARATUGCANWN
TWN 'ASTWN, MH 'ELATTON 'H= TRIAKONTA GEGONW$ 'ETH,
KOLAZWN MEN TON 'OMNUNTA 'ANATI TUPTETW TI$, 'AFRONTISTWN
DE-KAI 'APEIQWN 'ENOCO$ 'ESTW YOGWI PRODOSIA$ TWN NOMWN.
TON DE-DH KIBDHLON TI PWLOUNTA, KAI MH DUNAMENON TOI$
<P 917D>
NU*N PEIQESQAI LOGOI$, "O PROSTUGCANWN TWN GIGNWSKONTWN0,
DUNATO$ 'WN 'EXELEGCEIN, 'ENANTION 'ELEGXA$ TWN 'ARCONTWN0,
"O MEN DOULO$ FERESQW TO KIBDHLEUQEN KAI "O METOIKO$, "O DE
POLITH$ MH 'ELEGCWN MEN "W$ 'APOSTERWN TOU$ QEOU$ KAKO$
'AGOREUESQW, 'ELEGXA$ DE 'ANAQETW TOI$ THN 'AGORAN 'ECOUSIN4
QEOI$. "O DE-DH FANERO$ GENOMENO$ TI PWLWN TOIOUTON,
PRO$ TW*I STERHQHNAI TOU* KIBDHLEUQENTO$, "OPOSH$ 'AN4 TIMH$
'AXIWSHI6 TO PWLOUMENON, KATA DRACMHN "EKASTHN THI MASTIGI
<P 917E>
TUPTESQW PLHGA$ "UPO KHRUKO$ 'EN THI 'AGORA*I KHRUXANTO$ "WN
"ENEKA MELLEI0 TUPTESQAI. TA DE KIBDHLEUMATA TE-KAI KAKOURGIA$
TWN PWLOUNTWN0 "OI TE 'AGORANOMOI KAI "OI NOMOFULAKE$,
PUQOMENOI TWN 'EMPEIRWN PERI= "EKASTA, 'ANAGRAYANTWN2 "A TE
CRH POIEIN TON PWLOUNTA KAI "A MH, KAI PROSQE TOU* 'AGORANOMIOU
QENTWN4 'EN STHLHI GRAYANTE$ NOMOU$ 'EINAI TOI$ PERI=


<P 918A>
THN TH$ 'AGORA$ CREIAN MHNUTA$ SAFEI$. TA DE PERI= TWN
'ASTUNOMWN 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN "IKANW$ 'EIRHTAI; 'EA=N DE TI PROSDEIN
DOKHI5, NOMOFULAXIN 'EPANAKOINWSANTE$ KAI GRAYANTE$ TO
DOKOUN 'EKLIPEIN, 'EI$ 'ASTUNOMION QENTWN4 'EN STHLHI TA TE
PRWTA KAI TA DEU=TERA TEQENTA 'AUTOISIN TH$ 'ARCH$ NOMIMA.
KIBDHLOI$ D' 'EPITHDEUMASIN "EPETAI KATA PODA KAPHLEIA$
'EPITHDEUMATA; TAUTH$ DE PE=RI SUMPASH$ SUMBOULHN PRWTON
DONTE$ KAI LOGON, 'EP' 'AUTHI NOMON "USTERON 'EPIQWMEQA. KAPHLEIA
<P 918B>
GAR KATA POLIN PASA GEGONEN0 'OU BLABH$ "ENEKA TO
GE KATA FUSIN, PAN DE 'TOUNANTION; PW*$ GAR 'OUK 'EUERGETH$
PA$ "O$4 'AN4 'OUSIAN CRHMATWN "WNTINWNOUN, 'ASUMMETRON 'OUSAN
KAI 'ANWMALON, "OMALHN TE-KAI SUMMETRON 'APERGAZHTAI: TOUTO
"HMIN CRH FANAI KAI THN TOU* NOMISMATO$ 'APERGAZESQAI
DUNAMIN, KAI TON 'EMPORON 'EPI TOUTWI TETACQAI DEI LEGEIN.
KAI MISQWTO$ KAI PANDOKEU$ KAI 'A=LLA, TA MEN 'EUSCHMONE=STERA,
<P 918C>
TA DE 'ASCHMONE=STERA GIGNOMENA, TOUTO GE PANTA
DUNATAI, PASIN 'EPIKOURIAN TAI$ CREIAI$ 'EXEUPOREIN KAI "OMALOTHTA
TAI$ 'OUSIAI$. TI= POTE DH TO MH KALON 'AUTO MHD'
'EUSCHMON DOKEIN 'EINAI, KAI TI= TO DIABEBLHKO$ TUGCANEI0,
'IDWMEN, "INA 'EI MH KAI TO "OLON, 'ALL'-'OUN MERH GE 'EXIASWMEQA
NOMWI. PRAGM' 'ESQ', "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'OU FAULON, 'OUDE
SMIKRA$ DEOMENON 'ARETH$.
KL _ PW*$ LEGEI$:
AQ _ 'W* FILE KLEINIA, SMIKRON GENO$ 'ANQRWPWN KAI
FUSEI 'OLIGON KAI 'AKRA\ TROFHI TEQRAMMENON, "OTAN 'EI$ CREIA$
<P 918D>
TE-KAI 'EPIQUMIA$ TINWN 'EMPIPTHI5, KARTEREIN PRO$ TO METRION
DUNATON 'ESTIN, KAI "OTAN 'EXHI5 CRHMATA LABEIN POLLA, NHFEI0
KAI PROTERON "AIREITAI TOU* POLLOU TO TOU* METROU 'ECOMENON;
TA DE TWN 'ANQRWPWN PLHQH PAN 'TOUNANTION 'ECEI0 TOUTOI$,
DEOMENA TE 'AMETRW$ DEITAI KAI 'EXON KERDAINEIN TA ME=TRIA,
'APLHSTW$ "AIREITAI KERDAINEIN, DIO PANTA TA PERI= THN KAPHLEIAN
KAI 'EMPORIAN KAI PANDOKEIAN GENH DIABEBLHTAI TE-KAI
'EN 'AISCROI$ GEGONEN0 'ONEIDESIN. 'EPEI 'EI TI$, "O= MH POTE
GENOITO 'OUD' 'ESTAI, PROSANAGKASEIEN % GELOION MEN 'EIPEIN,
<P 918E>
"OMW$ DE 'EIRHSETAI % PANDOKEUSAI0 TOU$ PANTACHI 'ARISTOU$
'ANDRA$ 'EPI TINA CRONON, 'H= KAPHLEUEIN 'H= TI TWN TOIOUTWN
PRATTEIN, 'H=-KAI GUNAIKA$ 'EK TINO$ 'ANAGKH$ "EIMARMENH$ TOU*
TOIOUTOU METASCEIN TROPOU, GNOIHMEN 'AN4 "W$ FILON KAI 'AGAPHTON
'ESTIN "EKASTON TOUTWN, KAI 'EI KATA LOGON 'ADIAFQORON
GIGNOITO, 'EN MHTRO$ 'AN4 KAI TROFOU SCHMATI TIMWITO TA
TOIAUTA PANTA; NU*N DE "OPOTAN 'EI$ 'ERHMOU$ TI$ KAPHLEIA$


<P 919A>
"ENEKA TOPOU$ KAI PANTACOSE MHKH 'ECONTA$ "ODWN "IDRUSAMENO$
'OIKHSEI$, 'EN 'APORIA\ GIGNOMENOU$ KATALUSESIN 'AGAPHTAI$
DECOMENO$ 'H= "UPO CEIMWNWN 'AGRIWN BIA\ 'ELAUNOMENOU$, 'EUDIEINHN
GALHNHN PARASCWN 'H= PNIGESIN 'ANAYUCHN, TA META
TAUTA 'OUC "W$ "ETAIROU$ DEXAMENO$ FILIKA PARASCHI6 XE=NIA
"EPOMENA TAI$ "UPODOCAI$, "W$ D' 'ECQROU$ 'AICMALWTOU$ KECEIRWMENOU$
'APOLUTRWSHI6 TWN MAKROTATWN KAI 'ADIKWN KAI 'AKAQARTWN
<P 919B>
LUTRWN, TAUTA 'ESTIN KAI TA TOIAUTA 'EN SUMPASIN
TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ 'ORQW$ "AMARTANOMENA TA$ DIABOLA$ THI TH$
'APORIA$ 'EPIKOURHSEI PARESKEUAKOTA. TOUTWN 'OUN CRH FARMAKON
'AEI TEMNEIN TON NOMOQETHN. 'ORQON MEN-DH PALAI
TE 'EIRHMENON "W$ PRO$ DUO MACESQAI KAI 'ENANTIA CALEPON,
KAQAPER 'EN TAI$ NOSOI$ POLLOI$ TE 'ALLOISIN; KAI-DH-KAI
NU*N "H TOUTWN KAI PERI= TAUTA 'ESTIN PRO$ DUO MACH, PENIAN
KAI PLOUTON, TON MEN YUCHN DIEFQARKOTA TRUFHI TWN 'ANQRWPWN,
<P 919C>
THN DE LUPAI$ PROTETRAMMENHN 'EI$ 'ANAISCUNTIAN 'AUTHN.
TI=$ 'OUN-DH TH$ NOSOU TAUTH$ 'ARWGH GIGNOIT' 'AN4 'EN NOUN
'ECOUSHI POLEI: PRWTON MEN "OTI2 SMIKROTATWI CRHSQAI KATA
DUNAMIN TW*I TWN KAPHLWN GENEI, 'EPEITA TOUTOI$ TWN 'ANQRWPWN
PROSTATTEIN "WN DIAFQEIROMENWN 'OUK 'AN4 GIGNOITO MEGALH
LUMH THI POLEI, TRITON DE 'AUTOI$ TOI$ METASCOUSI TOUTWN
TWN 'EPITHDEUMATWN "EUREIN MHCANHN "OPW$ 'HQH MH 'ANEDHN
<P 919D>
'ANAISCUNTIA$ TE-KAI 'ANELEUQEROU YUCH$ METOCA SUMBHSETAI
GIGNESQAI "RA\DIW$. META DH TA NU*N 'EIRHMENA, PERI= TAUTA
NOMO$ 'AGAQHI TUCHI TOIOSDE "HMIN GIGNESQW; MAGNHTWN, "OU$
"O QEO$ 'ANORQWN PALIN KATOIKIZEI0, GEWMOROI "OSOI TWN TETTARAKONTA
KAI PENTAKISCILIWN "ESTIWN 'EISIN, MHTE KAPHLO$ "EKWN
MHD' 'AKWN MHDEI$ GIGNESQW MHD' 'EMPORO$ MHTE DIAKONIAN MHD'
"HNTINA KEKTHMENO$ 'IDIWTAI$ TOI$ MH 'EX 'ISOU "EAUTWI, PLHN
<P 919E>
PATRI KAI MHTRI KAI TOI$ 'ETI TOUTWN 'EI$ TO 'ANW GENESIN KAI
PASI TOI$ "AUTOU PRESBUTEROI$, "OSOI 'ELEUQEROI 'ELEUQERW$.
TO D' 'ELEUQERIKON KAI 'ANELEUQERON 'AKRIBW$ MEN 'OU "RA\DION
NOMOQETEIN, KRINESQW GE-MHN "UPO TWN TA 'ARISTEI*A 'EILHFOTWN
TW*I 'EKEINWN MISEI TE-KAI 'ASPASMWI. "O$4 D' 'AN4 KAPHLEIA$
TH$ 'ANELEUQEROU TECNHI TINI METASCHI6, GRAFESQW MEN 'AUTON
GENOU$ 'AISCUNH$ "O BOULOMENO$ PRO$ TOU$ 'ARETHI PRWTOU$
KEKRIMENOU$, 'EA=N DE DOXHI6 'ANAXIWI 'EPITHDEUMATI KATARRUPAINEIN
THN "AUTOU PATRWIAN "ESTIAN, DEQEI$ 'ENIAUTON 'APOSCESQW


<P 920A>
TOU* TOIOUTOU, KAI 'EA=N 'AUQI$, 'ETH DUO, KAI 'EF' "EKASTH$ "ALWSEW$
TOU$ DESMOU$ MH PAUESQW DIPLASIAZWN TON 'EMPROSQEN
CRONON. DEUTERO$ MHN NOMO$; METOIKON 'EINAI CREWN 'H= XENON,
"O$4 'AN4 MELLHI5 KAPHLEUSEIN; TO DE TRITON KAI TRITO$; "OPW$
"W$ 'ARISTO$ 'H=-KAI KAKO$ "W$ "HKISTA "O TOIOUTO$ "HMIN 'HI SUNOIKO$
'EN THI POLEI, TOU$ NOMOFULAKA$ CRH NOHSAI0 FULAKA$ 'EINAI
MH MONON 'EKEINWN "OU$ FULATTEIN "RA\DION MH PARANOMOU$
KAI KAKOU$ GIGNESQAI, "OSOI GENESEI KAI TROFAI$ 'EU PEPAIDEUNTAI,
<P 920B>
TOU$ DE MH TOIOUTOU$ 'EPITHDEUMATA TE 'EPITHDEUONTA$
"A "ROPHN 'ECEI0 TINA 'ISCURAN PRO$ TO PROTREPEIN KAKOU$
GIGNESQAI, FULAKTEON MALLON. TAUTHI DH TA PERI= THN
KAPHLEIAN POLLHN 'OUSAN KAI POLLA 'EPITHDEUMATA TOIAUTA
KEKTHMENHN, "OSAPER 'AN4 'AUTWN LEIFQHI DOXANTA 'EK POLLH$
'ANAGKH$ 'EN THI POLEI DEIN 'EINAI, SUNELQEIN 'AU CREWN PERI=
TAUTA TOU$ NOMOFULAKA$ META TWN 'EMPEIRWN "EKASTH$ KAPHLEIA$
<P 920C>
KAQAPER 'EMPROSQEN 'EPETAXAMEN TH$ KIBDHLEIA$ PE=RI,
SUGGENOU$ TOUTWI PRAGMATO$, SUNELQONTA$ DE 'IDEIN LHMMA
TE-KAI 'ANALWMA TI= POTE TW*I KAPHLWI KERDO$ POIEI0 TO METRION,
GRAYANTA$ DE QEINAI0 TO GIGNOMENON 'ANALWMA KAI LHMMA
KAI FULATTEIN, TA MEN 'AGORANOMOU$, TA DE 'ASTUNOMOU$, TA
DE 'AGRONOMOU$; KAI SCEDON "OUTW$ 'AN4 KAPHLEIA TA MEN 'WFELOI
"EKASTOU$, SMIKROTATA DE 'AN4 BLAPTOI TOU$ 'EN TAI$ POLESI
CRWMENOU$.
<P 920D>
"OSA TI$ 'AN4 "OMOLOGWN SUNQESQAI MH POIHI5 KATA TA$
"OMOLOGIA$, PLHN "WN 'AN4 NOMOI 'APEIRGWSIN 'H= YHFISMA, 'H=
TINO$ "UPO 'ADIKOU BIASQEI$ 'ANAGKH$ "OMOLOGHSHI6, KAI 'EA=N
'APO TUCH$ 'APROSDOKHTOU TI$ 'AKWN KWLUQHI, DIKA$ 'EINAI TWN
'ALLWN 'ATELOU$ "OMOLOGIA$ 'EN TAI$ FULETIKAISIN DIKAI$, 'EA=N 'EN
DIAITHTAI$ 'H= GEITOSIN 'EMPROSQEN MH DUNWNTAI DIALLATTESQAI.
"HFAISTOU KAI 'AQHNA$ "IERON TO TWN DHMIOURGWN GENO$, "OI=4
<P 920E>
TON BION "HMIN SUGKATESKEUAKASIN TECNAI$, 'AREW$ D' 'AU KAI
'AQHNA$ "OI TA TWN DHMIOURGWN SWIZONTE$ TECNAISIN "ETERAI$
'AMUNTHRIOI$ 'ERGA; DIKAIW$ DE-KAI TO TOUTWN GENO$ "IERON
'ESTI TOUTWN TWN QEWN. "OUTOI DH PANTE$ CWRAN KAI DHMON
QERAPEUONTE$ DIATELOUSIN0, "OI MEN 'ARCONTE$ TWN KATA POLEMON
'AGWNWN, "OI DE 'ORGANWN TE-KAI 'ERGWN 'APOTELOUNTE$0 GENESIN
'EMMISQON; "OI$ DH PERI= TA TOIAUTA 'OU PREPON 'AN4 'EIH YEUDESQAI,


<P 921A>
QEOU$ PROGONOU$ "AUTWN 'AIDOUMENOU$. 'AN2 DH TI$ DHMIOURGWN
'EI$ CRONON 'EIRHMENON 'ERGON MH 'APOTELESHI6 DIA= KA=KHN, MHDEN
TON BIODOTHN QEON 'EPAIDESQEI$, "HGOUMENO$ "W$ 'OIKEION SUGGNWMONA
'EINAI QEON, 'OUDEN TW*I NWI BLEPWN, PRWTON MEN DIKHN
TW*I QEWI "UFEXEI2, DEUTERON DE "EPOMENO$ 'AUTWI NOMO$ KEISQW;
THN TIMHN TWN 'ERGWN 'OFEILETW "WN 'AN4 TON 'EKDONTA YEUSHTAI
KAI PALIN 'EX 'ARCH$ 'EN TW*I "RHQENTI CRONWI PROIKA 'EXERGAZESQW.
KAI 'ANAIROUMENWI D' 'ERGON SUMBOULEUTH$ NOMO$, "APER
<P 921B>
TW*I PWLOUNTI SUNEBOULEUEN, MH PLEONO$ TIMAN DIAPEIRWMENON
'ALL' "W$ "APLOUSTATA TH$ 'AXIA$, 'TAUTON DH PROSTATTEI0 KAI
TW*I 'ANAIROUMENWI % GIGNWSKEI0 GAR "O GE DHMIOURGO$ THN 'AXIAN %
'EN 'ELEUQERWN 'OUN POLESIN 'OU DH POTE CRH TECNHI, SAFEI
TE-KAI 'AYEUDEI FUSEI PRAGMATI, DIAPEIRASQAI TWN 'IDIWTWN
TECNAZONTA 'AUTON TON DHMIOURGON, DIKA$ DE 'EINAI TOUTWN
TW*I 'ADIKOUMENWI PRO$ TON 'ADIKOUNTA. 'EA=N DE TI$ 'EKDOU$ 'AU
<P 921C>
DHMIOURGWI MH 'APODWI0 TOU$ MISQOU$ 'ORQW$ KATA THN 'ENNOMON
"OMOLOGIAN GENOMENHN, DI=A DE POLIOUCON KAI 'AQHNAN KOINWNOU$
POLITEIA$ 'ATIMAZWN, BRACU KERDO$ 'AGAPWN, LUHI5 MEGALA$
KOINWNIA$, NOMO$ "O BOHQWN 'ESTW TW*I TH$ POLEW$ SUNDESMWI
META QEWN; "O$4 GAR 'AN4 PROAMEIYAMENO$ 'ERGON MISQOU$ MH
'APODIDWI0 'EN CRONOI$ TOI$ "OMOLOGHQEISIN, DIPLOUN PRATTESQW;
'EA=N DE 'ENIAUTO$ 'EXELQHI6, TWN 'ALLWN 'ATOKWN 'ONTWN0 CRHMATWN,
<P 921D>
"OPOSA DANEISMWI SUMBALLEI0 TI$, "OUTO$ THI DRACMHI "EKASTOU
MHNO$ 'EPWBELIAN KATATIQETW, DIKA$ DE 'EINAI TOUTWN 'EN TOI$
KATA FULA$ DIKASTHRIOI$.
"W$ DE 'EN PARERGWI PERI= TWN KATA POLEMON DHMIOURGWN
'ONTWN0 SWTHRIA$, STRATHGWN TE-KAI "OSOI PERI= TAUTA TECNIKOI,
DIKAION 'EIPEIN, "OTI4 TO PARAPAN 'EMNHSQHMEN DHMIOURGWN; "O$4
TOUTOI$ 'AU, KAQAPER 'EKEINOI$, "OION "ETEROI$ 'OUSIN DHMIOURGOI$,
'EA=N TI$ 'A=RA-KAI TOUTWN 'ANELOMENO$ DHMOSION 'ERGON 'EI=Q' "EKWN
<P 921E>
'EI=TE PROSTACQEN KALW$ 'EXERGASHTAI, TA$ TIMA$, "OI=4 DH MISQOI
POLEMIKOI$ 'ANDRASIN 'EISIN, 'APODIDWI0 DIKAIW$, "O NOMO$ 'AUTON
'EPAINWN 'OUPOTE KAMEITAI; 'EA=N DE PROAMEIYAMENO$ 'ERGON TI
TWN KATA POLEMON KALWN 'ERGWN MH 'APODIDWI0, MEMYETAI.
NOMO$ 'OUN "OUTO$ 'EPAINWI PERI= TOUTWN "HMIN MEMEIGMENO$
KEISQW, SUMBOULEUTIKO$, 'OU BIASTIKO$ TW*I PLHQEI TWN POLITWN,


<P 922A>
TIMAN TOU$ 'AGAQOU$ 'ANDRA$, "OSOI SWTHRE$ TH$ POLEW$
'EISI SUMPASH$ 'EI=TE 'ANDREIAI$ 'EI=TE POLEMIKAI$ MHCANAI$,
DEUTEROU$; PRWTOI$ GAR TO MEGISTON GERA$ DEDOSQW TOI$
TA TWN 'AGAQWN NOMOQETWN GRAMMATA TIMAN DIAFERONTW$
DUNHQEISIN.
TA MEN-DH MEGISTA TWN SUMBOLAIWN, "OSA PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$
'ANQRWPOI SUMBALLOUSIN0, PLHN GE 'ORFANIKWN KAI TH$ TWN
'EPITROPWN 'EPIMELEIA$ TWN 'ORFANWN, SCEDON "HMIN DIATETAKTAI;
<P 922B>
TAUTA DE-DH META TA NU*N 'EIRHMENA 'ANAGKAION "AMW$ GE PW$
TAXASQAI. TOUTWN DE 'ARCAI PANTWN "AI TE TWN TELEUTAN
MELLONTWN0 'EPIQUMIAI TH$ DIAQESEW$ "AI TE TWN MHDEN TO
PARAPAN DIAQEMENWN TUCAI; 'ANAGKAION DE 'EIPON, 'W* KLEINIA,
BLEYA$ 'AUTWN PE=RI PRO$ TE TO DUSKOLON KAI CALEPON. 'OUDE-GAR
'ATAKTON DUNATON 'EST' 'AUTO 'EA*N; POLLA GAR "EKASTOI KAI
DIAFORA 'ALLHLWN KAI 'ENANTIA TIQEINT' 'AN4 TOI$ TE NOMOI$
KAI TOI$ TWN ZWNTWN0 'HQESIN KAI TOI$ "AUTWN TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN
<P 922C>
PRIN DIATIQESQAI MELLEIN, 'EI TI$ 'EXOUSIAN DWSEI2 "APLW$ "OUTW$
KURIAN 'EINAI DIAQHKHN "HN 'AN4 TI$ DIAQHTAI "OPWSOUN 'ECWN
PRO$ TW*I TOU* BIOU TELEI. 'ANOHTW$ GAR-DH-KAI DIATEQRUMMENW$
TINA TROPON 'ECOMEN "OI PLEISTOI, "OTAN 'HDH MELLEIN "HGWMEQA
TELEUTAN.
KL _ PW*$ TOUTO, 'W* XENE, LEGEI$:
AQ _ CALEPON 'EST', 'W* KLEINIA, MELLWN 'ANQRWPO$ TELEUTHSEIN,
KAI MESTON LOGOU TOI$ NOMOQETAI$ 'EU MALA FOBEROU
KAI DUSCEROU$.
KL _ PH*I:
<P 922D>
AQ _ ZHTWN 'EINAI KURIO$ "APANTWN, 'EIWQE0 MET' 'ORGH$
LEGEIN.
KL _ POI*A DH:
AQ _ DEINON GE, 'W* QEOI, FHSIN, 'EI TA 'EMA 'EMOI4 MHDAMW$
'EXESTAI DOUNAI0 TE "OTWI 'AN4 'EQELW3 KAI MH, KAI TW*I MEN PLEIW,
TW*I D' 'ELATTONA, TWN "OPOSOI PERI= 'EME FAULOI KAI "OSOI 'AGAQOI
GEGONASIN FANERW$, BASANISQENTE$ "IKANW$ 'EN NOSOI$, "OI D'
'EN GHRA\ KAI 'ALLAI$ PANTOIAISI TUCAI$.
KL _ 'OUKOU*N, 'W* XENE, KALW$ DOKOUSIN0 SOI4 LEGEIN:
<P 922E>
AQ _ MALQAKOI 'EMOIG', 'W* KLEINIA, DOKOUSIN0 "OI PALAI
NOMOQETOUNTE$ GEGONENAI KAI 'EPI SMIKRON TWN 'ANQRWPINWN
PRAGMATWN BLEPONTE$ TE-KAI DIANOOUMENOI NOMOQETEIN.
KL _ PW*$ LEGEI$:
AQ _ TON LOGON TOUTON, 'WGAQE, FOBOUMENOI, TON NOMON
'ETIQESAN TON 'EXEINAI TA "EAUTOU DIATIQESQAI "APLW$ "OPW$ 'AN4


<P 923A>
TI$ 'EQELHI5 TO PARAPAN, 'EGW DE-KAI SU TOI$ 'EN THI SHI POLEI
MELLOUSI4 TELEUTAN 'APOKRINOUMEQA 'EMMELESTERON PW$. 'W*
FILOI, FHSOMEN, KAI 'ATECNW$ 'EFHMEROI, CALEPON "UMIN 'ESTIN
GIGNWSKEIN TA "UME=TER' 'AUTWN CRHMATA KAI PRO$ GE "UMA$-'AUTOU$,
"WSPER KAI TO TH$ PUQIA$ GRAMMA FRAZEI0, TA NU*N.
'EGWG' 'OUN NOMOQETH$ 'WN 'OUQ' "UMA$ "UMWN-'AUTWN 'EINAI TIQHMI
'OUTE THN 'OUSIAN TAUTHN, SUMPANTO$ DE TOU* GENOU$ "UMWN TOU*
TE 'EMPROSQEN KAI TOU* 'EPEITA 'ESOMENOU, KAI 'ETI MALLON TH$
<P 923B>
POLEW$ 'EINAI TO TE GENO$ PAN KAI THN 'OUSIAN; KAI "OUTW
TOUTWN 'ECONTWN0, 'OUK, 'EA=N TI$ "UMA$ QWPEIAI$ "UPODRAMWN 'EN
NOSOI$ 'H= GHRA\ SALEUONTA$ PARA TO BELTISTON DIATIQESQAI
PEIQHI5, SUGCWRHSOMAI "EKWN, "OTI2 DE THI POLEI TE 'ARISTON PASHI
KAI GENEI, PRO$ PAN TOUTO BLEPWN NOMOQETHSW2, TO "ENO$
"EKASTOU KATATIQEI=$ 'EN MOIRAI$ 'ELATTOSI DIKAIW$. "UMEI$ DE
"HMIN "ILEWI TE-KAI 'EUMENEI$ 'ONTE$ POREUOISQE "HIPER KATA FUSIN
NU*N POREUESQE0 THN 'ANQRWPINHN; "HMIN DE PERI= TWN 'ALLWN TWN
<P 923C>
"UMETERWN MELHSEI2, KHDOMENOI$ "OTI2 MALISTA 'EI$ DUNAMIN, 'OU
TWN MEN, TWN DE 'OU=. TAUTA MEN-'OUN PARAMUQIA TE-KAI
PROOIMIA TWN TE ZWNTWN0, 'W* KLEINIA, KAI TWN TELEUTWNTWN0
'ESTW, NOMO$ DE "ODE; "O$4 'AN4 DIAQHKHN GRAFHI5 TA "AUTOU DIATIQEMENO$,
PAIDWN 'WN PATHR, PRWTON MEN TWN "UEWN KLHRONOMON
"ON 'AN4 'AXIWSHI6 GIGNESQAI GRAFETW, TWN DE 'ALLWN PAIDWN, "ON
'AN4 MEN "ETERWI POIEISQAI DIDWI0 DECOMENWI, GRAFESQW TOUTO 'AUTO;
<P 923D>
'EA=N DE PERIGIGNHTAI TI$ TWN "UEWN 'AUTWI MH 'EPI TINI KLHRWI
PEPOIHMENO$, "ON KATA NOMON 'ELPI$ 'EI$ 'APOIKIAN 'EKPEMFQHSESQAI,
TOUTWI TWN 'ALLWN CRHMATWN 'EXESTW TW*I PATRI DIDONAI
"OSA 'AN4 'EQELHI5, PLHN TOU* PATRWIOU KLHROU KAI TH$ PERI= TON
KLHRON KATASKEUH$ PASH$, KAI 'EA=N PLEIOU$ 'WSIN, PRO$ MERO$
"O PATHR "OPHI 'AN4 'EQELHI5 NEMETW TA PERIONTA TOU* KLHROU. "OTWI
D' 'AN4 TWN "UEWN "UPARCWN 'OIKO$ 'HI, MH NEMEIN0 TOUTWI TWN CRHMATWN,
QUGATRI TE "WSAUTW$, "HI MEN 'AN4 'EGGEGUHMENO$ "W$ 'ANHR
<P 923E>
'ESOMENO$ 'HI, MH NEMEIN0, "HI D' 'AN4 MH, NEMEIN0; 'EA=N DE TWI TWN
"UEWN 'H=-KAI TWN QUGATERWN FANHI KLHRO$ 'EPICWRIO$ TH$
DIAQHKH$ GENOMENO$ "USTERON, TW*I KLHRONOMWI TOU* THN DIAQHKHN
DIAQEMENOU KATALEIPETW. 'EA=N DE 'ARRENA$ MEN MH LEIPHI5,
QHLEIA$ DE, "O DIATIQEMENO$, 'ANDRA MEN TWN QUGATERWN "HITINI
'AN4 'EQELHI5, "UON DE "AUTWI KATALEIPETW, GRAYA$ KLHRONOMON;
'EA=N DE "UO$ TWI TELEUTHSHI6 PAI$ 'WN, PRIN 'EI$ 'ANDRA$ DUNATO$
'EINAI TELEIN0, 'EI=TE GENNHTO$ 'WN 'EI=TE POIHTO$, GRAFETW KAI


<P 924A>
PERI= TH$ TOIAUTH$ TUCH$ "O THN DIAQHKHN GRAFWN TI=NA CRH
PAIDA 'AUTWI DEUTERON 'EPI TUCAI$ 'AMEINOSIN GIGNESQAI. 'EA=N
DE TI$ 'APAI$ 'WN TO PARAPAN DIAQHKHN GRAFHI5, TO TH$ 'EPIKTHTOU
DEKATHMORION 'EXELOMENO$, 'EA=N 'EQELHI5 TWI DWREISQAI,
DWREISQW; TA DE 'A=LLA PARADIDOU$ PANTA TW*I POIHQENTI
'AMEMPTO$ "ILEWN "UON 'AUTON POIEISQW SUN NOMWI. "WI D' 'AN4
'EPITROPWN "OI PAIDE$ DEWNTAI, 'EA=N MEN DIAQEMENO$ TELEUTA*I2
KAI GRAYA$ 'EPITROPOU$ TOI$ PAISIN "EKONTA$ TE-KAI "OMOLOGOUNTA$
<P 924B>
'EPITROPEUSEIN "OUSTINASOUN KAI "OPOSOU$ 'AN4 'EQELHI5,
KATA TAUTA TA GRAFENTA "H TWN 'EPITROPWN "AIRESI$ GIGNESQW
KURI=A; 'EA=N DE 'H= TO PARAPAN MH DIAQEMENO$ TELEUTHSHI6 TI$ 'H=
TH$ TWN 'EPITROPWN "AIRESEW$ 'ELLIPH$, 'EPITROPOU$ 'EINAI TOU$
'EGGUTATA GENEI PRO$ PATRO$ KAI MHTRO$ KURIOU$, DUO MEN
PRO$ PATRO$, DUO DE PRO$ MHTRO$, "ENA D' 'EK TWN TOU* TELEUTHSANTO$
FILWN, TOUTOU$ D' "OI NOMOFULAKE$ KAQISTANTWN4 TW*I
DEOMENWI TWN 'ORFANWN. KAI PASH$ TH$ 'EPITROPH$ KAI TWN
<P 924C>
'ORFANWN PENTEKAIDEKA TWN NOMOFULAKWN "OI PRESBUTATOI
PANTWN 'EPIMELEISQWN 'AEI KATA PRESBIN KAI KATA TREI$ DIELOMENOI
SFA$-'AUTOU$, KAT' 'ENIAUTON TREI$ KAI KAT' 'ENIAUTON
'ALLON "ETEROI TREI$, "EW$ 'AN4 "AI PENTE PERIODOI GIGNWNTAI KUKLWI;
KAI TOUTO 'EKLIPETW MHDEPOTE KATA DUNAMIN.
"O$4 D' 'AN4 MHDEN TO PARAPAN DIAQEMENO$ 'APOQANHI6, PAIDA$
MEN KATALIPWN DEOMENOU$ 'EPITROPH$, TWN 'AUTWN NOMWN TOUTWN
<P 924D>
"H CREIA TWN PAIDWN 'AUTOU4 METECETW; QHLEIA$ DE 'AN2 KATALEIPHI5
TI$ 'APROSDOKHTWI TUCHI CRHSAMENO$, SUGGNWMHN TW*I TIQENTI
TON NOMON 'ECETW, 'EA=N TWN TRIWN 'AUTOU4 PRO$ TA DUO 'EPISKOPWN
THN 'EKDOSIN TWN QUGATERWN POIHTAI, PRO$ TE THN TOU* GENOU$
'AGCISTEIAN KAI THN TOU* KLHROU SWTHRIAN, TO DE TRITON, "OPER
'AN4 PATHR DIASKEYAITO, 'EX "APANTWN TWN POLITWN BLEPWN 'EI$
'HQH TE-KAI TROPOU$ TON 'EPITHDEION "AUTWI MEN "UON, NUMFION
<P 924E>
D' 'EINAI THI QUGATRI, TOUTO DE PARALEIPHI5 DIA= THN 'ADUNATON
SKEYIN. NOMO$ TOINUN 'EI$ DUNAMIN "ODE PERI= TWN TOIOUTWN
KEISQW; 'EA=N "O MH DIAQEMENO$ QUGATERA$ LEIPHI5, TOUDE 'APOQANONTO$,
'ADELFO$ "OMOPATWR 'H= 'AKLHRO$ "OMOMHTRIO$ 'ECETW THN
QUGATERA KAI TON KLHRON TOU* TELEUTHSANTO$; 'EA=N DE MH 'HI
'ADELFO$, 'ADELFOU DE PAI$, "WSAUTW$, 'EA=N 'EN "HLIKIA\ PRO$
'ALLHLOU$ 'WSIN; 'EA=N DE-MHDE "EI$ TOUTWN, 'ADELFH$ DE PAI$ 'HI,
KATA 'TAUTA; TETARTO$ DE PATRO$ 'ADELFO$, PEMPTO$ DE TOUTOU
PAI$, "EKTO$ DE 'ADELFH$ PATRO$ 'EKGONO$. "WSAUTW$ DE TO GENO$
'AEI POREUESQW KAT' 'AGCISTEIAN, 'EA=N TI$ PAIDA$ QHLEIA$ KATALEIPHI5,


<P 925A>
DI' 'ADELFWN TE-KAI 'ADELFIDWN 'EPANION, 'EMPROSQE MEN
TWN 'ARRENWN, "USTERON DE QHLEIWN "ENI GENEI. THN DE TOUTWN
GAMOU CRONOU SUMMETRIAN TE-KAI 'AMETRIAN "O DIKASTH$ SKOPWN
KRINETW, GUMNOU$ MEN TOU$ 'ARRENA$, GUMNA$ DE 'OMFALOU MECRI
QEWMENO$ TA$ QHLEIA$; 'EA=N DE TOI$ 'OIKEIOI$ 'APORIA SUGGENWN
'HI MECRI MEN 'ADELFOU "UIDWN, MECRI DE PAPPOU PAIDWN "WSAUTW$,
TWN 'ALLWN "ONTIN' 'AN4 "H PAI$ MET' 'EPITROPWN "AIRHTAI TWN
<P 925B>
POLITWN "EKOUSION "EKOUSI=A, KLHRONOMO$ GIGNESQW TOU* TELEUTHSANTO$
KAI TH$ QUGATRO$ NUMFIO$. 'ETI DE POLLA POLLWN KAI
PLEIWN 'APORIA TWN TOIOUTWN GIGNOIT' 'AN4 'ESTIN "OT' 'EN 'AUTHI
THI POLEI; 'AN2 'OUN-DH TI$ 'APOROUMENH TWN 'AUTOQEN "ORA*I2 TINA
'EI$ 'APOIKIAN 'APESTALMENON, 'HI DE KATA NOUN 'AUTHI KLHRONOMON
'EKEINON GIGNESQAI TWN TOU* PATRO$, 'EA=N MEN SUGGENH$ 'HI, KATA
THN TAXIN TOU* NOMOU 'EPI TON KLHRON POREUESQW, 'EA=N DE 'EKTO$
GENOU$, TWN 'EN THI POLEI 'ONTWN0 'EXW TH$ SUGGENEIA$, KURIO$
<P 925C>
'ESTW KATA THN TWN 'EPITROPWN KAI TH$ PAIDO$ TOU* TELEUTHSANTO$
"AIRESIN GHMAI0 KAI TON KLHRON 'EPANELQWN 'OIKADE
LABEIN TOU* MH DIAQEMENOU. 'APAI$ DE 'ARRENWN TE-KAI QHLEIWN
TO PARAPAN "O$4 'AN4 MH DIAQEMENO$ TELEUTA*I2, TA MEN 'A=LLA PERI=
TOU* TOIOUTOU KATA TON 'EMPROSQEN 'ECETW NOMON, QHLEIA DE-KAI
'ARRHN "OION SUNNOMOI 'ITWSAN 'EK TOU* GENOU$ 'EI$ TON
'EXHRHMWMENON "EKASTOTE 'OIKON, "WN "O KLHRO$ GIGNESQW KURIW$,
<P 925D>
'ADELFH MEN PRWTON, 'ADELFOU DE QUGATHR DEUTE=RA, TRITH DE
'EKGONO$ 'ADELFH$, TETARTH DE PATRO$ 'ADELFH, KAI PEMPTH
PATRO$ 'ADELFOU PAI$, "EKTH DE 'ADELFH$ PATRO$ 'AN4 'EIH PAI$;
SUNOIKIZEIN DE TAUTA$ 'EKEINOI$ KAT' 'AGCISTEIAN KAI QEMIN,
"W$ 'EMPROSQEN 'ENOMOQETHSAMEN. MH-DH LANQANETW TO TWN
TOIOUTWN NOMWN "HMA$ BARO$, "W$ CALEPW$ 'ESTIN "OTE PROSTATTEI0
TW*I TOU* TELEUTHSANTO$ KATA GENO$ 'OIKEIWI GAMEIN
THN SUGGENH, MH DOKEI0 DE SKOPEIN "A MURIA 'EN 'ANQRWPOI$
<P 925E>
'EMPO=DIA GIGNETAI TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ 'EPITAGMASIN TOU* MHTINA
'EQELEIN PEIQESQAI, PROTERON DE "OUSTINA$ "OTIOUN 'AN4 BOULHQHNAI
PAQEIN, "OPOTAN 'H= SWMATWN NOSHMATA KAI PHRWSEI$ 'H=
DIANOIA$ 'EN TISIN TWN 'EPITATTOMENWN GAMEIN 'H= GAMEISQAI
GIGNHTAI. TOUTWN DH MHDEN FRONTIZEIN TAC' 'AN4 "O NOMOQETH$
DOXEIEN TISIN, 'OUK 'ORQW$ DOKOUN. 'ESTW TOINUN 'EIRHMENON "UPER
TE NOMOQETOU KAI "UPER NOMOQETOUMENOU SCEDON "OION KOINON
PROOIMION, SUGGNWMHN MEN TW*I NOMOQETHI TOU$ 'EPITATTOMENOU$
DEOMENON 'ECEIN, "OTI4 TWN KOINWN 'EPIMELOUMENO$ 'OUK 'AN4 POTE
DUNAITO DIOIKEIN "AMA KAI TA$ 'IDIA$ "EKASTWI GIGNOMENA$ SUMFORA$,


<P 926A>
SUGGNWMHN D' 'AU KAI TOI$ NOMOQETOUMENOI$, "W$ TA
TOU* NOMOQETOUNTO$ 'EIKOTW$ 'ENIOTE 'OU DUNANTAI PROSTAGMATA
TELEIN0, "A MH GIGNWSKWN PROSTATTEI0.
KL _ TI= DH TI$ 'OUN, 'W* XENE, DRWN PRO$ TA TOIAUTA
'EMMETROTATO$ 'AN4 'EIH:
AQ _ DIAITHTA$, 'W* KLEINIA, TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ NOMOI$ KAI
NOMOQETOUMENOI$ 'ANAGKAION "AIREISQAI.
KL _ PW*$ LEGEI$:
AQ _ 'ESTIN "OTE PLOUSIOU PATRO$ 'ADELFIDOU$ THN TOU*
<P 926B>
QEIOU QUGATERA "EKWN 'OUK 'AN4 'EQELOI LAMBANEIN, TRUFWN
KAI 'EPI MEIZOSI GAMOI$ THN DIANOIAN 'EPECWN; 'ESTIN D' "OTE
KAI SUMFORAN THN MEGISTHN TOU* NOMOQETOU PROSTATTONTO$
'APEIQEIN 'ANAGKAZOIT' 'AN4 TW*I NOMWI, MAINOMENA KHDEUMATA
'ANAGKAZONTO$ LAMBANEIN 'H= DEINA$ 'ALLA$ SWMATWN 'H= YUCWN
SUMFORA$, "A$ 'ABIWTON ZHN KEKTHMENWI. "O DH NU*N LOGO$ "HMIN
PERI= TOUTWN "ODE NOMO$ KEISQW; 'EA=N TINE$ 'A=RA PERI= DIAQHKH$
<P 926C>
'EGKALWSI TOI$ KEIMENOI$ NOMOI$, PERI= TE 'ALLWN "WNTINWNOUN
KAI-DH-KAI PERI= GAMWN, 'H*-MHN PARONTA KAI ZWNTA 'AUTON TON
NOMOQETHN MHPOT' 'AN4 'ANAGKASAI0 PRATTEIN "OUTW, MHDE GHMAI0
MHDE GHMASQAI, TOU$ NU*N 'ANAGKAZOMENOU$ "EKA=TERA DRAN, "O DE
TI$ TWN 'OIKEIWN 'H= TI$ 'EPITROPO$ FHI5, DIAITHTA$ FANAI KAI
PATERA$ TOU$ PENTEKAIDEKA TWN NOMOFULAKWN KATALIPEIN TOI$
'ORFANOI$ KAI 'ORFANAI$ TON NOMOQETHN; PRO$ "OU$ 'EPANIONTE$
<P 926D>
DIADIKAZESQWN "OI PERI= TINO$ TWN TOIOUTWN 'AMFISBHTOUNTE$,
KU=RIA TELOUNTE$20 TA TOUTWN DOGMATA. 'AN2 DE TWI MEIZWN
DUNAMI$ 'EPANATIQESQAI DOKHI5 TOI$ NOMOFULAXIN, 'EI$ TO TWN
'EKKRITWN DIKASTWN DIKASTHRION 'EISAGWN 'AUTOU$ DIADIKAZESQW
PERI= TWN 'AMFISBHTOUMENWN; TW*I DE "HTTHQENTI PARA TOU*
NOMOQETOU YOGO$ KAI 'ONEIDO$ KEISQW, POLLWN CRHMATWN NOUN
KEKTHMENWI ZHMIA BARUTE=RA.
NU*N DH TOI$ 'ORFANOI$ PAISI GENESI$ "OION DEUTE=RA TI$
<P 926E>
GIGNOIT' 'AN4. META MEN-'OUN THN PRWTHN "EKASTOI$ 'EIRHNTAI
TROFAI KAI PAIDEUSEI$; META DE THN DEUTERAN, 'ERHMON PATERWN
GENOMENHN, MHCANASQAI DEI TI=NA TROPON "H TH$ 'ORFANIA$ TUCH
TOI$ GENOMENOI$ 'ORFANOI$ "W$ "HKISTA 'ELEON "EXEI2 TH$ SUMFORA$.
PRWTON MEN-DH FAMEN NOMOQETEIN 'AUTOI$ TOU$ NOMOFULAKA$
'ANTI GENNHTORWN PATERA$ 'OU CEIROU$, KAI-DH-KAI KAQ' "EKASTON
'ENIAUTON "W$ 'OIKEIWN 'EPIMELEISQAI PROSTATTOMEN, 'EMMELH
TOUTOI$ TE 'AUTOI$ PERI= TROFH$ 'ORFANWN PROOIMIASAMENOI
KAI TOI$ 'EPITROPOI$. 'EI$ TINA GAR-'OUN MOI KAIRON FAINOMEQA


<P 927A>
TOU$ 'EMPROSQEN LOGOU$ DIEXELQEIN, "W$ 'A=RA "AI TWN TELEUTHSANTWN0
YUCAI DUNAMIN 'ECOUSIN0 TINA TELEUTHSASAI, "HI TWN
KAT' 'ANQRWPOU$ PRAGMATWN 'EPIMELOUNTAI; TAUTA DE 'ALHQEI$
MEN, MAKROI D' 'EISIN PERIECONTE$ LOGOI, PISTEUEIN DE TAI$
'ALLAI$ FHMAI$ CREWN PERI= TA TOIAUTA, "OUTW POLLAISIN KAI
SFO=DRA PALAIAI$ 'OUSAI$, PISTEUEIN D' 'AU KAI TOI$ NOMOQETOUSIN4
TAUQ' "OUTW$ 'ECEIN, 'ANPER MH PANTAPASIN 'AFRONE$
FAINWNTAI. TAUTHI DE 'EI TAUT' 'ESTIN KATA FUSIN, PRWTON
<P 927B>
MEN TOU$ 'ANW QEOU$ FOBEISQWN, "OI=4 TWN 'ORFANWN TH$ 'ERHMIA$
'AISQHSEI$ 'ECOUSIN0, 'EITA TA$ TWN KEKMHKOTWN YUCA$, "AI$ 'ESTIN
'EN THI FUSEI TWN "AUTWN 'EKGONWN KHDESQAI DIAFERONTW$ KAI
TIMWSIN4 TE 'AUTOU$ 'EUMENEI$ 'EINAI KAI 'ATIMAZOUSIN4 DUSMENEI$,
'ETI DE TA$ TWN ZWNTWN0 MEN, 'EN GHRA\ DE 'ONTWN0 KAI 'EN MEGISTAI$
TIMAI$ % "OPOUPER POLI$ 'EUNOMOUSA 'EUDAIMONEI0, TOUTOU$
"OI PAIDE$ PAIDWN FILOSTORGOUNTE$ ZWSI0 MEQ' "HDONH$; KAI TA
PERI= TAUTA 'OXU MEN 'AKOUOUSIN0 BLEPOUSIN0 TE 'OXU, TOI$ TE
<P 927C>
PERI= 'AUTA DIKAIOI$ 'EUMENEI$ 'EISIN, NEMESWSIN0 TE MALISTA
'AU TOI$ 'EI$ 'ORFANA KAI 'ERHMA "UBRIZOUSIN4, PARAKATAQHKHN
'EINAI MEGISTHN "HGOUMENOI KAI "IERWTATHN % "OI$ 'EPITROPON KAI
'ARCONTA PASI DEI TON NOUN, "WI KAI BRACU$ 'ENEIH, PROSECONTA,
KAI 'EULABOUMENON PERI= TROFHN TE-KAI PAIDEIAN 'ORFANWN, "W$
'ERANON 'EISFERONTA "EAUTWI TE-KAI TOI$ "AUTOU, KATA DUNAMIN
PANTW$ PASAN 'EUERGETEIN. "O MEN-DH PEISQEI$ TW*I PRO TOU*
NOMOU MUQWI KAI MHDEN 'EI$ 'ORFANON "UBRISA$ 'OUK 'EISETAI
<P 927D>
'ENARGW$ THN PERI= TA TOIAUTA 'ORGHN NOMOQETOU, "O DE 'APEIQH$
KAI TINA PATRO$ 'H= MHTRO$ 'ERHMON 'ADIKWN DIPLHN TINETW
PASAN THN BLABHN 'H= PERI= TON 'AMFIQALH GENOMENO$ KAKO$.
THN DE 'ALLHN NOMOQESIAN 'EPITROPOISIN TE PERI= 'ORFANOU$
'ARCOUSIN4 TE PERI= THN 'EPIMELEIAN TWN 'EPITROPWN, 'EI MEN MH
PARADEIGMA TE TROFH$ PAIDWN 'ELEUQERWN 'EKEKTHNTO 'AUTOI
TREFONTE$ TOU$ "AUTWN KAI TWN 'OIKEIWN CRHMATWN 'EPIMELOUMENOI,
<P 927E>
'ETI DE NOMOU$ PERI= 'AUTWN TOUTWN METRIW$ DIEIRHMENOU$
'EICON, 'EICEN TINA LOGON 'AN4 'EPITROPIKOU$ TINA$ NOMOU$, "W$
'ONTA$ 'IDIA\ DIAFERONTA$ POLU, TIQENAI, POIKILLONTA$ 'EPITHDEUMASIN
'IDIOI$ TON TWN 'ORFANWN BION PARA TON TWN MH; NU*N
DE 'EI$ MEN TA TOIAUTA SUMPANTA 'OU POLU DIAFERON "H PAR'
"HMIN 'ORFANIA KEKTHTAI TH$ PATRONOMIKH$, TIMAI$ DE-KAI
'ATIMIAI$ "AMA KAI 'EPIMELEIAISIN 'OUDAMW$ 'EXISOUSQAI FILEI0.


<P 928A>
DIO DH PERI= TOUTO 'AUTO THN 'ORFANWN PE=RI NOMOQESIAN PARAMUQOUMENO$
TE-KAI 'APEILWN "O NOMO$ 'ESPOUDAKEN0. 'ETI D'
'APEILH TI$ 'AN4 TOIADE 'EIH MALA 'EGKAIRO$; "O$4 'AN4 QHLUN 'EI=TE
'ARRENA 'EPITROPEUHI5, KAI "O$4 'AN4 'EPITROPOU FULAX TWN NOMOFULAKWN
KATASTA$ 'EPIMELHTAI, MH CEIRON 'AGAPATW TWN "AUTOU
TEKNWN TON TH$ 'ORFANIKH$ METEILHFOTA TUCH$ MHDE TWN
'OIKEIWN TWN TOU* TREFOMENOU CEIRON CRHMATWN 'EPIMELEISQW,
<P 928B>
BELTION DE 'H= TWN "AUTOU KATA PROQUMIAN. "ENA DE TOUTON NOMON
'ECWN 'ORFANWN PE=RI PA$ 'EPITROPEUETW; 'EA=N DE 'ALLW$ TI$
PERI= TA TOIAUTA PRATTHI5 PARA TON NOMON TONDE, "O MEN 'ARCWN
ZHMIOUTW TON 'EPITROPON, "O DE 'EPITROPO$ TON 'ARCONTA 'EI$ TO
TWN 'EKKRITWN DIKASTHRION 'EISAGWN ZHMIOUTW TW*I DOXANTI
TIMHMATI TW*I DIKASTHRIWI DIPLHI. 'EA=N D' 'EPITROPO$ 'AMELEIN
'H= KAKOURGEIN DOKHI5 TOI$ 'OIKEIOI$ 'H=-KAI TWN 'ALLWN TINI POLITWN,
'EI$ 'TAUTON 'AGETW DIKASTHRION; "OTI2 D' 'AN4 'OFLHI6, TETRAPLASIAN
<P 928C>
MEN TOUTOU TINEIN, GIGNESQW DE TO MEN "HMISU TOU* PAIDO$, TO
D' "HMISU TOU* KATADIKASAMENOU THN DIKHN. "AMA D' 'AN4 "HBHSHI6
TI$ TWN 'ORFANWN, 'EA=N "HGH*TAI KAKW$ 'EPITROPEUQHNAI, MECRI
PENTE 'ETWN 'EXHKOUSH$ TH$ 'EPITROPH$ 'ESTW2 DIKHN LACEIN
'EPITROPIA$; 'EA=N DE TI$ 'OFLHI6 TWN 'EPITROPWN, TIMAN TO
DIKASTHRION "OTI2 CRH PAQEIN 'H= 'APOTINEIN, 'EA=N DE-DH TWN
'ARCONTWN0, 'AMELEIA\ MEN DOXA$ KAKWSAI0 TON 'ORFANON, "OTI2 CRH
<P 928D>
TINEIN 'AUTON TW*I PAIDI, TIMATW TO DIKASTHRION, 'EA=N DE 'ADIKIA\
PRO$ TW*I TIMHMATI, TH$ 'ARCH$ TWN NOMOFULAKWN 'AFISTASQW,
TO DE KOINON TH$ POLEW$ "ETERON NOMOFULAKA 'ANTI TOUTOU
KAQISTATW THI CWRA\ KAI THI POLEI.
DIAFORAI PATERWN TE PRO$ "AUTWN PAIDA$ GIGNONTAI KAI
PAIDWN PRO$ GENNHTA$ MEIZOU$ 'H= CREWN, 'EN "AI$ "OI TE PATERE$
"HGOINT' 'AN4 DEIN TON NOMOQETHN NOMOQETEIN 'EXEINAI SFISIN, 'EA=N
BOULWNTAI, TON "UON "UPO KHRUKO$ 'ENANTION "APANTWN 'APEIPEIN
<P 928E>
"UON KATA NOMON MHKET' 'EINAI, "UEI$ T' 'AU SFISI PATERA$ "UPO
NOSWN 'H= GHRW$ DIATIQEMENOU$ 'AISCRW$ 'EXEINAI PARANOIA$
GRAFESQAI; TAUTA DE 'ONTW$ 'EN PAGKAKWN 'HQESIN 'ANQRWPWN
GIGNESQAI FILEI0, 'EPEI "HMISEWN GE 'ONTWN0 TWN KAKWN, "OION
MH KAKOU MEN PATRO$, "UEO$ DE, 'H= 'TOUNANTION, 'OU GIGNONTAI
SUMFORAI THLIKAUTH$ 'ECQRA$ 'EKGONOI. 'EN MEN-'OUN 'ALLHI
POLITEIA\ PAI$ 'APOKEKHRUGMENO$ 'OUK 'AN4 'EX 'ANAGKH$ 'APOLI$
'EIH, TAUTH$ DE, "H$ "OIDE "OI NOMOI 'ESONTAI 'ANAGKAIW$ 'ECEI0


<P 929A>
'EI$ 'ALLHN CWRAN 'EXOIKIZESQAI TON 'APATORA % PRO$ GAR
TOI$ TETTARAKONTA KAI PENTAKISCILIOI$ 'OIKOI$ 'OUK 'ESTIN2 "ENA
PROSGENESQAI % DIO DH DEI TON TAUTA PEISOMENON 'EN DIKHI MH
"UPO "ENO$ PATRO$, "UPO DE TOU* GENOU$ 'APORRHQHNAI PANTO$.
POIEIN DE CRH TWN TOIOUTWN PE=RI KATA NOMON TOIONDE TINA;
"ON 'AN4 QUMO$ 'EPIHI5 MHDAMW$ 'EUTUCH$, 'EI=T'-'OUN 'EN DIKHI 'EI=TE-KAI
MH, "ON 'ETEKE TE-KAI 'EXEQREYATO, TOUTON 'EPIQUMEIN 'APALLAXAI0
TH$ "AUTOU SUGGENEIA$, MH FAULW$ "OUTW$ 'EXESTW MHD'
<P 929B>
'EUQU$ TOUTO DRAN, PRWTON DE SULLEXATW TOU$ "AUTOU SUGGENEI$
MECRI 'ANEYIWN KAI TOU$ TOU* "UEO$ "WSAUTW$ TOU$ PRO$ MHTRO$,
KATHGOREITW DE 'EN TOUTOI$, DIDASKWN "W$ 'AXIO$ "APASIN 'EK TOU*
GENOU$ 'EKKEKHRUCQAI, DOTW DE-KAI TW*I "UEI LOGOU$ TOU$ 'ISOU$
"W$ 'OUK 'AXIO$ 'ESTI TOUTWN 'OUDEN PASCEIN; KAI 'EA=N MEN PEIQHI5
"O PATHR KAI SUMYHFOU$ LABHI6 PANTWN TWN SUGGENWN "UPER
"HMISU, PLHN PATRO$ DIAYHFIZOMENOU KAI MHTRO$ KAI TOU*
<P 929C>
FEUGONTO$, TWN TE 'ALLWN "OPOSOIPER 'AN4 'WSIN GUNAIKWN 'EI=TE
'ANDRWN TELEIOI, TAUTHI MEN-KAI KATA TAUTA 'EXESTW TW*I PATRI
TON "UON 'APOKHRUTTEIN, 'ALLW$ DE MHDAMW$. TON D' 'APOKHRUCQENTA
'EA=N TI$ TWN POLITWN "UON BOULHTAI QESQAI, MHDEI$
NOMO$ 'APEIRGETW POIEISQAI % TA GAR TWN NEWN 'HQH POLLA$
METABOLA$ 'EN TW*I BIWI METABALLEIN "EKASTOTE PEFUKEN0 %
'APOKHRUCQENTA DE 'AN2 TI$ DEKA 'ETWN MH 'EPIQUMHSHI6 QETON
<P 929D>
"UON POIHSASQAI, TOU$ TWN 'EPIGONWN 'EPIMELHTA$ TWN 'EI$ THN
'APOIKIAN 'EPIMELEISQAI KAI TOUTWN, "OPW$ 'AN4 METASCWSI TH$
'AUTH$ 'APOIKIA$ 'EMMELW$. 'EA=N DE TI$ TINA NOSO$ 'H= GHRA$
'H=-KAI TROPWN CALEPOTH$ 'H=-KAI SUMPANTA TAUTA 'EKFRONA
'APERGAZHTAI DIAFERONTW$ TWN POLLWN, KAI LANQANHI5 TOU$
'ALLOU$ PLHN TWN SUNDIAITWMENWN, 'OIKOFQORHI5 DE "W$ 'WN TWN
"AUTOU KURIO$, "O DE "UO$ 'APORHI5 KAI 'OKNHI5 THN TH$ PARANOIA$
<P 929E>
GRAFESQAI DIKHN, NOMO$ 'AUTWI KEISQW PRWTON MEN PRO$ TOU$
PRESBUTATOU$ TWN NOMOFULAKWN 'ELQONTA DIHGHSASQAI THN
TOU* PATRO$ SUMFORAN, "OI DE KATIDONTE$ "IKANW$ SUMBOULEUONTWN2
'EANTE DEHI5 GRAFESQAI KAI 'EA=N MH THN GRAFHN, 'EA=N
DE SUMBOULEUSWSIN, GIGNESQWSAN TW*I GRAFOMENWI MARTURE$
"AMA KAI SUNDIKOI; "O DE 'OFLWN TOU* LOIPOU CRONOU 'AKURO$ 'ESTW
TWN "AUTOU KAI TO SMIKROTATON DIATIQESQAI, KAQAPER PAI$ DE
'OIKEITW TON 'EPILOIPON BION.
'EA=N DE 'ANHR KAI GUNH MHDAMHI SUMFERWNTAI TROPWN
'ATUCIA\ CRWMENOI, DEKA MEN 'ANDRA$ TWN NOMOFULAKWN 'EPIMELEISQAI


<P 930A>
TWN TOIOUTWN 'AEI CREWN TOU$ MESOU$, DEKA DE TWN
PERI= GAMOU$ GUNAIKWN "WSAUTW$; KAI 'EA=N MEN-DH SUNALLATTEIN
DUNWNTAI, TAUT' 'ESTW KU=RIA, 'EA=N D' "AI YUCAI KUMAINWSIN
MEIZONW$ 'AUTWN, ZHTEIN KATA DUNAMIN "OITINE$ "EKATERWI SUNOISOUSIN2.
'EIKO$ DE 'EINAI TOU$ TOIOUTOU$ MH PRA\ESIN 'HQESIN
KECRHMENOU$; BAQU=TERA DH TOUTOI$ KAI PRA\O=TERA TROPWN 'HQH
SUNNOMA PEIRASQAI PROSARMOTTEIN. KAI "OSOI MEN 'AN4 'APAIDE$
'AUTWN 'H= 'OLIGOPAIDE$ 'ONTE$ DIAFERWNTAI, KAI PAIDWN "ENEKA
<P 930B>
THN SUNOIKHSIN POIEISQAI; "OSOI D' 'AN4 "IKANWN 'ONTWN0 PAIDWN,
TH$ SUGKATAGHRASEW$ "ENEKA KAI 'EPIMELEIA$ 'ALLHLWN THN
DIAZEUXIN TE-KAI SUZEUXIN POIEISQAI CREWN. 'EA=N DE TELEUTA*I2
GUNH KATALEIPOUSA PAIDA$ QHLEIA$ TE-KAI 'ARRENA$, SUMBOULEUTIKO$
'AN4 'EIH NOMO$ "O TIQEMENO$, 'OUK 'ANAGKASTIKO$, TREFEIN
TOU$ 'ONTA$ PAIDA$ MH MHTRUAN 'EPAGOMENON; MH-DE 'ONTWN0, 'EX
'ANAGKH$ GAMEIN, MECRIPER 'AN4 "IKANOU$ GENNHSHI6 PAIDA$ TW*I
<P 930C>
TE 'OIKWI KAI THI POLEI. 'H=N DE "O 'ANHR 'APOQANHI6 PAIDA$ "IKANOU$
LIPWN, "H MHTHR TWN PAIDWN 'AUTOU42 MENOUSA0 TREFETW; NEWTE=RA
D' 'AN2 DOKHI5 TOU* DEONTO$ 'EINAI PRO$ TO ZHN 'AU "UGIAINOUSA
'ANANDRO$, "OI PROSHKONTE$ PRO$ TA$ TWN GAMWN 'EPIMELOUMENA$
GUNAIKA$ KOINOUMENOI, TO DOKOUN "AUTOI$ TE-KAI 'EKEINAI$
PERI= TWN TOIOUTWN POIOUNTWN3, 'EA=N DE 'ENDEEI$ TEKNWN 'WSIN,
KAI PAIDWN "ENEKA, PAIDWN DE "IKANOTH$ 'AKRIBH$ 'ARRHN KAI
<P 930D>
QHLEIA 'ESTW TW*I NOMWI. "OTAN DE "OMOLOGH*TAI MEN TO GENOMENON
'EINAI TWN POIOUMENWN 'EKGONON, DEHTAI DE KRISEW$ TI=NI
TO GENNHQEN "EPESQAI CREWN, DOULH MEN 'EA=N SUMMEIXHI6 DOULWI
'H= 'ELEUQERWI 'H= 'APELEUQERWI, PANTW$ TOU* DESPOTOU 'ESTW TH$
DOULH$ TO GENNWMENON, 'EA=N DE TI$ 'ELEUQE=RA DOULWI SUGGIGNHTAI,
TOU* DESPOTOU 'ESTW TO GIGNOMENON TOU* DOULOU; 'EA=N
D' 'EX "AUTOU DOULH$ 'H= 'EK DOULOU "EAUTH$, KAI PERIFANE$ TOUT'
'HI, TO MEN TH$ GUNAIKO$ "AI GUNAIKE$ 'EI$ 'ALLHN CWRAN 'EKPEMPONTWN2
<P 930E>
SUN TW*I PATRI, TO DE TOU* 'ANDRO$ "OI NOMOFULAKE$ SUN
THI GENNHSASHI.
GONEWN DE 'AMELEIN 'OUTE QEO$ 'OUTE 'ANQRWPO$ NOUN 'ECWN
SUMBOULO$ POTE GENOIT' 'AN4 'OUDEI$ 'OUDENI; FRONHSAI0 DE CRH
PERI= QEWN QERAPEIA$ TOIONDE PROOIMION 'AN4 GENOMENON 'EI$ TA$
TWN GENNHSANTWN0 TIMA$ TE-KAI 'ATIMIA$ 'ORQW$ SUNTETAGMENON;
NOMOI PERI= QEOU$ 'ARCAIOI KEINTAI PASIN DICHI. TOU$ MEN-GAR


<P 931A>
TWN QEWN "ORWNTE$ SAFW$ TIMWMEN0, TWN D' 'EIKONA$ 'AGALMATA
"IDRUSAMENOI, "OU$ "HMIN 'AGALLOUSI4 KAIPER 'AYUCOU$ 'ONTA$, 'EKEINOU$
"HGOUMEQA TOU$ 'EMYUCOU$ QEOU$ POLLHN DIA= TAUT' 'EUNOIAN
KAI CARIN 'ECEIN. PATHR 'OUN "OTWI KAI MHTHR 'H= TOUTWN PATERE$
'H= MHTERE$ 'EN 'OIKIA\ KEINTAI1 KEIMHLIOI1 'APEIRHKOTE$ GHRA\, MHDEI$
DIANOHQHTW POTE 'AGALMA "AUTWI, TOIOUTON 'EFESTION "IDRUMA 'EN
'OIKIA\ 'ECWN, MALLON KURION 'ESESQAI, 'EA=N DH KATA TROPON
GE 'ORQW$ 'AUTO QERAPEUHI5 "O KEKTHMENO$.
<P 931B>
KL _ TI=NA DH THN 'ORQOTHTA 'EINAI FRAZEI$:
AQ _ 'EGW 'ERW2; KAI-GAR-'OUN 'AXION, 'W* FILOI, 'AKOUEIN TA
GE-DH TOIAUTA.
KL _ LEGE MONON.
AQ _ 'OIDIPOU$, FAMEN, 'ATIMASQEI$ 'EPHUXATO TOI$ "AUTOU
TEKNOI$ "A DH-KAI PA$ "UMNEI0 TE=LEA KAI 'EPH=KOA GENESQAI
PARA QEWN, 'AMUNTORA TE FOINIKI TW*I "EAUTOU 'EPARASQAI PAIDI
QUMWQENTA KAI "IPPOLUTWI QHSEA KAI "ETEROU$ 'ALLOI$ MURIOU$
<P 931C>
MURIOI$, "WN GEGONE0 SAFE$ 'EPHKOOU$ 'EINAI GONEUSI PRO$ TEKNA
QEOU$; 'ARAIO$ GAR GONEU$ 'EKGONOI$ "W$ 'OUDEI$ "ETERO$ 'ALLOI$,
DIKAIOTATA. MH-DH TI$ 'ATIMAZOMENWI MEN DIAFERONTW$ PATRI
PRO$ PAIDWN KAI MHTRI QEON 'EPHKOON 'EN 'EUCAI$ "HGEISQW
GIGNESQAI KATA FUSIN, TIMWMENWI DE-'A=RA-KAI PERICAREI SFO=DRA
GENOMENWI, KAI DIA= TA TOIAUTA 'EUCAI$ LIPARW$ 'EI$ 'AGAQA TOI$
PAISI PARAKALOUNTO$0 QEOU$, 'OUK-'A=RA TA TOIAUTA 'AKOUEIN 'EX
<P 931D>
'ISOU KAI NEMEIN0 "HMIN 'AUTOU$ "HGHSOMEQA: 'ALL' 'OUK 'AN4 POTE
DIKAIOI NOMH$ 'EIEN 'AGAQWN, "O= DH FAMEN "HKISTA QEOI$ 'EINAI
PREPON.
KL _ POLU GE.
AQ _ 'OUKOU*N DIANOHQWMEN, "O= SMIKRWI PROTERON 'EIPOMEN,
"W$ 'OUDEN PRO$ QEWN TIMIWTERON 'AGALM' 'AN4 KTHSAIMEQA PATRO$
KAI PROPATORO$ PAREIMENWN GHRA\ KAI MHTERWN THN 'AUTHN
DUNAMIN 'ECOUSWN, "OU$ "OTAN 'AGALLHI5 TI$ TIMAI$, GEGHQEN0 "O
QEO$; 'OU-GAR 'AN4 'EPHKOO$ 'H*N 'AUTWN. QAUMASTON GAR-DHPOU
<P 931E>
TO PROGONWN "IDRUMA "HMIN 'ESTIN, DIAFERONTW$ TWN 'AYUCWN;
TA MEN-GAR QERAPEUOMENA "UF' "HMWN, "OSA 'EMYUCA, SUNEUCETAI
"EKASTOTE, KAI 'ATIMAZOMENA 'TANANTIA, TA D' 'OUDE=TERA,
"WSTE 'AN2 'ORQW$ TI$ CRHTAI2 PATRI KAI PROPATORI KAI PASI
TOI$ TOIOUTOI$, PANTWN PRO$ QEOFILH MOIRAN KURIWTATA
'AGALMATWN 'AN4 KEKTHITO.
KL _ KALLIST' 'EIPE$.
AQ _ PA$ DH NOUN 'ECWN FOBEITAI KAI TIMA*I0 GONEWN 'EUCA$,
'EIDW$ POLLOI$ KAI POLLAKI$ 'EPITELEI$ GENOMENA$; TOUTWN


<P 932A>
'OUN "OUTW FUSEI DIATETAGMENWN, TOI$ MEN 'AGAQOI$ "ERMAION
PROGONOI GHRAIOI, ZWNTE$ MECRI TWN 'ESCATWN TOU* BIOU, KAI
'APIONTE$ NEOI SFO=DRA POQEINOI, TOI$ DE KAKOI$ 'EU MALA
FOBEROI. PA$ DH TIMATW PASAI$ TIMAI$ TAI$ 'ENNOMOI$ TOU$
"AUTOU GENNHTORA$ TOI$ NU*N PEISQEI$ LOGOI$; 'EI D'-'OUN TINA
KATECOI FHMH KWFH TWN TOIOUTWN PROOIMIWN, NOMO$ "ODE 'EPI
TOUTOI$ 'ORQW$ KEIMENO$ 'AN4 'EIH; 'EA=N TI$ 'EN THIDE THI POLEI
GONEWN 'AMELESTERON 'ECHI5 TOU* DEONTO$, KAI MH TWN "UEWN KAI
<P 932B>
PANTWN TWN 'EKGONWN "AUTOU KAI "EAUTOU MEIZONW$ 'EI$ "APANTA
'EPITREPWN KAI 'APOPLHRWN 'HI TA$ BOULHSEI$, 'EXAGGELLETW
MEN "O PASCWN TI TOIOUTON, 'EI=TE 'AUTO$ 'EI=TE TINA PEMPWN,
PRO$ TREI$ MEN TWN NOMOFULAKWN TOU$ PRESBUTATOU$, TREI$
D' 'AU TWN PERI= GAMOU$ GUNAIKWN 'EPIMELOUMENWN; "OI D' 'EPIMELEISQWSAN,
KOLAZONTE$ TOU$ 'ADIKOUNTA$ NEOU$ MEN 'ONTA$
'ETI PLHGAI$ KAI DESMOI$, MECRIPER 'AN4 'ETWN 'ANDRE$ MEN
<P 932C>
TUGCANWSIN 'ONTE$ TRIAKONTA, GUNAIKE$ DE DEKA PLEIOSIN
'ETESIN KOLAZESQWSAN TAI$ 'AUTAI$ KOLASESIN. 'EA=N DE PORRWTERW
TOUTWN TWN 'ETWN 'ONTE$ TWN 'AUTWN 'AMELEIWN PERI=
GONEA$ MH 'AFISTWNTAI, KAKWSI DE TINA$ TINE$, 'EI$ DIKASTHRION
'EISAGONTWN2 'AUTOU$ 'EI$ "ENA KAI "EKATON TWN POLITWN
"OITINE$ 'AN4 'WSI PRESBUTATOI "APANTWN; 'AN2 DE TI$ 'OFLHI6,
TIMATW TO DIKASTHRION "OTI2 CRH TINEIN 'H= PASCEIN, 'APORRHTON
MHDEN POIOUMENOI "OSWN DUNATO$ 'ANQRWPO$ PASCEIN 'H= TINEIN.
<P 932D>
'EA=N DE TI$ 'ADUNATHI5 KAKOUMENO$ FRAZEIN, "O PUQOMENO$ TWN
'ELEUQERWN 'EXAGGELLETW TOI$ 'ARCOUSIN4 'H= KAKO$ 'ESTW KAI
"UPODIKO$ TW*I 'EQELONTI BLABH$. 'EA=N DE DOULO$ MHNUSHI6, 'ELEUQERO$
'ESTW, KAI 'EA=N MEN TWN KAKOUNTWN0 'H= KAKOUMENWN
DOULO$, "UPO TH$ 'ARCH$ 'AFEISQW, 'EA=N DE TINO$ 'ALLOU TWN
POLITWN, TO DHMOSION "UPER 'AUTOU4 TIMHN TW*I KEKTHMENWI
KATABALLETW; TOI$ 'ARCOUSIN4 DE 'EPIMELE$ 'ESTW MH TI$ 'ADIKHI5
TON TOIOUTON TIMWROUMENO$ TH$ MHNUSEW$ "ENEKA.
<P 932E>
"OSA TI$ 'ALLO$ 'ALLON PHMAINEI0 FARMAKOI$, TA MEN QANASIMA
'AUTWN DIEIRHTAI, TWN D' 'ALLWN PE=RI BLAYEWN, 'EI=TE
TI$ 'A=RA PWMASIN 'H=-KAI BRWMASIN 'H= 'ALEIMMASIN "EKWN 'EK
PRONOIA$ PHMAINEI0, TOUTWN 'OUDEN PW DIERRHQH. DITTAI GAR-DH
FARMAKEIAI KATA TO TWN 'ANQRWPWN 'OUSAI GENO$ 'EPISCOUSIN0
THN DIARRHSIN. "HN MEN-GAR TA NU*N DIARRHDHN


<P 933A>
'EIPOMEN, SWMASI SWMATA KAKOURGOUSA 'ESTIN KATA FUSIN;
'ALLH DE "H=4 MAGGANEIAI$ TE TISIN KAI 'EPWIDAI$ KAI KATADESESI
LEGOMENAI$ PEIQEI0 TOU$ MEN TOLMWNTA$ BLAPTEIN 'AUTOU$,
"W$ DUNANTAI TO TOIOUTON, TOU$ D' "W$ PANTO$ MALLON "UPO
TOUTWN DUNAMENWN GOHTEUEIN BLAPTONTAI. TAUT' 'OUN-KAI
PERI= TA TOIAUTA SUMPANTA 'OUTE "RA\DION "OPW$ POTE PEFUKEN0
GIGNWSKEIN, 'OUT' 'EI TI$ GNOIH, PEIQEIN 'EUPETE$ "ETEROU$; TAI$
DE YUCAI$ TWN 'ANQRWPWN DUSWPOUMENOU$ PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$
<P 933B>
PERI= TA TOIAUTA 'OUK 'AXION 'EPICEIREIN PEIQEIN, 'AN2 POTE 'A=RA
'IDWSI POU KHRINA MIMHMATA PEPLASMENA, 'EI=T' 'EPI QURAI$
'EI=T' 'EPI TRIODOI$ 'EI=T' 'EPI MNHMASI GONEWN 'AUTWN TINE$,
'OLIGWREIN PANTWN TWN TOIOUTWN DIAKELEUESQAI MH SAFE$
'ECOUSI4 DOGMA PERI= 'AUTWN. DIALABONTA$ DE DICHI TON TH$
FARMAKEIA$ PE=RI NOMON, "OPOTERW$ 'AN4 TI$ 'EPICEIRHI5 FARMATTEIN,
PRWTON MEN DEISQAI KAI PARAINEIN KAI SUMBOULEUEIN
<P 933C>
MH DEIN 'EPICEIREIN TOIOUTO DRAN MHDE KAQAPER PAIDA$ TOU$
POLLOU$ TWN 'ANQRWPWN DEIMAINONTA$ FOBEIN, MHD' 'AU TON
NOMOQETHN TE-KAI TON DIKASTHN 'ANAGKAZEIN 'EXIASQAI TWN
'ANQRWPWN TOU$ TOIOUTOU$ FOBOU$, "W$ PRWTON MEN TON 'EPICEIROUNTA
FARMATTEIN 'OUK 'EIDOTA TI= DRA*I0, TA TE KATA SWMATA,
'EA=N MH TUGCANHI5 'EPISTHMWN 'WN 'IATRIKH$, TA TE 'AU PERI= TA
MAGGANEUMATA, 'EA=N MH MANTI$ 'H= TERATOSKOPO$ 'WN TUGCANHI5.
<P 933D>
LEGESQW DH LOGO$ "ODE NOMO$ PERI= FARMAKEIA$; "O$4 'AN4 FARMAKEUHI5
TINA 'EPI BLABHI MH QANASIMWI MHTE 'AUTOU4 MHTE
'ANQRWPWN 'EKEINOU, BOSKHMATWN DE 'H= SMHNWN 'EI=T' 'ALLHI
BLABHI 'EI=T'-'OUN QANASIMWI 'EA=N MEN 'IATRO$ 'WN TUGCANHI5 KAI
'OFLHI6 DIKHN FARMAKWN, QANATWI ZHMIOUSQW, 'EA=N DE 'IDIWTH$,
"OTI2 CRH PAQEIN 'H= 'APOTEISAI0, TIMATW PERI= 'AUTOU4 TO DIKASTHRION.
'EA=N DE KATADESESIN 'H= 'EPAGWGAI$ 'H= TISIN 'EPWIDAI$ 'H=
<P 933E>
TWN TOIOUTWN FARMAKEIWN "WNTINWNOUN DOXHI6 "OMOIO$ 'EINAI
BLAPTONTI, 'EA=N MEN MANTI$ 'WN 'H= TERATOSKOPO$, TEQNATW,
'EA=N D' 'ANEU MANTIKH$ 'WN TH$ FARMAKEIA$ 'OFLHI6, 'TAUTON KAI
TOUTWI GIGNESQW; PERI= GAR 'AU KAI TOUTOU TIMATW TO DIKASTHRION
"OTI2 'AN4 'AUTOI$ DEIN 'AUTON DOXHI6 PASCEIN 'H= 'APOTINEIN.
"OSA TI$ 'AN4 "ETERO$ 'ALLON PHMHNHI6 KLEPTWN 'H= BIAZOMENO$,
'AN2 MEN MEIZW, MEIZONA THN 'EKTISIN TW*I PHMANQENTI TINETW,
'ELATTW DE ZHMIWSA$ SMIKROTERAN, PARA PANTA DE TOSAUTHN
"HLIKA 'AN4 "EKASTOTE ZHMIWSHI6 TI$ TINA, MECRIPER 'AN4 'IASHTAI
TO BLABEN; DIKHN DE "EKASTO$ PRO$ "EKASTWI TW*I KAKOURGHMATI


<P 934A>
SWFRONISTUO$ "ENEKA SUNEPOMENHN PROSEKTEISATW, "O MEN
'ANOIA\ KAKOURGHSA$ 'ALLOTRIA\ PEIQOI* DIA= NEOTHTA 'H= TI
TOIOUTON CRHSAMENO$, 'ELAFROTERAN, "O DE DIA= 'OIKEIAN 'ANOIAN
'H= DI' 'AKRATEIAN "HDONWN 'H= LUPWN, 'EN FOBOI$ DEILIA$ 'H= TISIN
'EPIQUMIAI$ 'H= FQONOI$ 'H= QUMOI$ DUSIATOI$ GIGNOMENO$, BARUTERAN,
'OUC "ENEKA TOU* KAKOURGHSAI0 DIDOU$ THN DIKHN % 'OU-GAR
TO GEGONO$ 'AGENHTON 'ESTAI POTE % TOU* D' 'EI$ TON 'AUQI$ "ENEKA
<P 934B>
CRONON 'H= TO PARAPAN MISHSAI0 THN 'ADIKIAN 'AUTON TE-KAI
TOU$ 'IDONTA$ 'AUTON DIKAIOUMENON, 'H= LWFHSAI0 MERH POLLA
TH$ TOIAUTH$ SUMFORA$. "WN DH PANTWN "ENEKA CRH KAI
PRO$ PANTA TA TOIAUTA BLEPONTA$ TOU$ NOMOU$ TOXOTOU MH
KAKOU STOCAZESQAI DIKHN TOU* TE MEGEQOU$ TH$ KOLASEW$
"EKASTWN "ENEKA KAI PANTELW$ TH$ 'AXIA$; 'TAUTON D' 'ERGON
DRWNTA SUNUPHRETEIN DEI TW*I NOMOQETHI TON DIKASTHN, "OTAN
'AUTWI TI$ NOMO$ 'EPITREPHI5 TIMAN "OTI2 CRH PASCEIN TON KRINOMENON
<P 934C>
'H= 'APOTINEIN, TON DE, KAQAPER ZWGRAFON, "UPOGRAFEIN
'ERGA "EPOMENA THI GRAFHI. "O= DH-KAI NU*N 'W* MEGILLE KAI
KLEINIA, POIHTEON "HMIN "OTI2 KALLISTA KAI 'ARISTA; TWN KLOPAIWN
TE-KAI BIAIWN PANTWN TA$ ZHMIA$ LEGOMENA$ "OIA$
DEI GIGNESQAI, LEKTEON, "OPW$ 'AN4 "HMIN PAREIKWSIN QEOI KAI
QEWN PAIDE$ NOMOQETEIN.
MAINOMENO$ DE 'AN2 TI$ 'HI, MH FANERO$ 'ESTW KATA POLIN;
"OI PROSHKONTE$ D' "EKASTWN KATA TA$ 'OIKIA$ FULATTONTWN2
<P 934D>
'AUTOU$, "OTWI 'AN4 'EPI=STWNTAI TROPWI 'H= ZHMIAN 'EKTINONTWN2, "O
MEN TOU* MEGISTOU TIMHMATO$ "EKATON DRACMA$, 'EANT'-'OUN
DOULON 'EANT'-'OUN-KAI 'ELEUQERON PERIORA*I2, DEUTEROU DE TIMHMATO$
TETTARA MERH TH$ MNA$ TWN PENTE, TRIA D' "O TRITO$,
KAI DUO "O TETARTO$. MAINONTAI MEN-'OUN POLLOI POLLOU$
TROPOU$; "OU$ MEN NU*N 'EIPOMEN, "UPO NOSWN, 'EISIN DE "OI=4 DIA=
QUMOU KAKHN FUSIN "AMA KAI TROFHN GENOMENHN, "OI=4 DH SMIKRA$
'ECQRA$ GENOMENH$, POLLHN FWNHN "IENTE$ KAKW$ 'ALLHLOU$
<P 934E>
BLASFHMOUNTE$ LEGOUSIN0, 'OU PREPON 'EN 'EUNOMWN POLEI
GIGNESQAI TOIOUTON 'OUDEN 'OUDAMHI 'OUDAMW$. "EI$ DH PERI=
KAKHGORIA$ 'ESTW NOMO$ PERI= PANTA$ "ODE; MHDENA KAKHGOREITW
MHDEI$. "O DE 'AMFISBHTWN 'EN TISI LOGOI$ 'ALLO$
'ALLWI DIDASKETW KAI MANQANETW TON TE 'AMFISBHTOUNTA KAI
TOU$ PARONTA$ 'APECOMENO$ PANTW$ TOU* KAKHGOREIN. 'EK GAR
TOU* KATEUCESQAI TE 'ALLHLOI$ 'EPARWMENOU$ KAI DI' 'AISCRWN


<P 935A>
'ONOMATWN 'EPIFEREIN GUNAIKEIOU$ "EAUTOI$ FHMA$, PRWTON MEN
'EK LOGWN, KOUFOU PRAGMATO$, 'ERGWI MISH TE-KAI 'ECQRAI BARUTATAI
GIGNONTAI; PRAGMATI GAR 'ACARISTWI, QUMWI, CARIZOMENO$
"O LEGWN, 'EMPIMPLA$ 'ORGHN KAKWN "ESTIAMATWN, "OSON
"UPO PAIDEIA$ "HMERWQH POTE, PALIN 'EXAGRIWN TH$ YUCH$
TO TOIOUTON, QHRIOUMENO$ 'EN DUSKOLIA\ ZWN GIGNETAI, PIKRAN
TOU* QUMOU CARIN 'APODECOMENO$. METEKBAINEIN DE 'AU PW$
<P 935B>
'EIWQASIN PANTE$ QAMA 'EN TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ 'EI$ TO TI GELOION
PERI= TOU* 'ENANTIOU FQEGGESQAI; "O= TI$ 'EQIZOMENO$ 'OUDEI$
PWPOTE "O$4 'OU TOU* SPOUDAIOU TROPOU 'HTOI TO PARAPAN DIHMARTEN
'H= MEGALONOIA$ 'APWLESEN MERH POLLA. "WN DH CARIN
'EN MEN "IERWI TO PARAPAN MHDEI$ TOIOUTON FQEGXHTAI MHDEPOTE
MHDEN MHD' 'EN TISI DHMOTELESI QUSIAI$, MHD' 'AU 'EN 'AQLOI$
MHD' 'EN 'AGORA*I MHD' 'EN DIKASTHRIWI MHD' 'EN SULLOGWI KOINWI
MHDENI; KOLAZETW DE "O TOUTWN 'ARCWN "EKASTO$ 'ANATI, 'H=
<P 935C>
MHDEPOT' 'ARISTEIWN PE=RI FILONIKHSHI6, NOMWN "W$ 'OU KHDOMENO$
'OUDE POIW*N TA PROSTACQENTA "UPO TOU* NOMOQETOU.
'EA=N DE TI$ 'EN 'ALLOI$ TOPOI$ LOIDORIA$ 'ARCWN 'H= 'AMUNOMENO$
"OSTISOUN MH 'APECHTAI TWN TOIOUTWN LOGWN, "O PROSTUGCANWN
PRESBUTERO$ 'WN TW*I NOMWI 'AMUNETW, PLHGAI$ 'EXEIRGWN TOU$
QUMWI, "ETERWI KAKWI FILOFRONOUMENOU$, 'H= 'ENECESQW THI TETAGMENHI
ZHMIA\. LEGOMEN DH TA NU*N "W$ LOIDORIAI$ SUMPLEKOMENO$
<P 935D>
'ANEU TOU* GELOI*A ZHTEIN LEGEIN 'OU DUNATO$ 'ESTIN
CRHSQAI, KAI TOUTO LOIDOROUMEN, "OPOTAN QUMWI GIGNOMENON
'HI; TI= DE-DH: THN TWN KWMWIDWN PROQUMIAN TOU* GELOI*A 'EI$
TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ LEGEIN 'H* PARADECOMEQA, 'EA=N 'ANEU QUMOU
TO TOIOUTON "HMIN TOU$ POLITA$ 'EPICEIRWSIN KWMWIDOUNTE$
LEGEIN: 'H= DIALABWMEN DICA TW*I PAIZEIN KAI MH, KAI PAIZONTI
MEN 'EXESTW TINI PERI= TOU LEGEIN GELOION 'ANEU QUMOU, SUNTETAMENWI
<P 935E>
DE-KAI META QUMOU, KAQAPER 'EIPOMEN, MH 'EXESTW
MHDENI: TOUTO MEN-'OUN 'OUDAMW$ 'ANAQETEON, "WI D'8 'EXESTW KAI
MH DE, TOUTO NOMOQETHSWMEQA. POIHTHI DH KWMWIDIA$ 'H=
TINO$ 'IAMBWN 'H= MOUSWN MELWIDIA$ MH 'EXESTW MHTE LOGWI
MHTE 'EIKONI, MHTE QUMWI MHTE 'ANEU QUMOU, MHDAMW$ MHDENA
TWN POLITWN KWMWIDEIN; 'EA=N DE TI$ 'APEIQHI5, TOU$ 'AQLOQETA$


<P 936A>
'EXEIRGEIN 'EK TH$ CWRA$ TO PARAPAN 'AUQHMERON, 'H= ZHMIOUSQAI
MNAI$ TRISIN "IERAI$ TOU* QEOU "OU2 'AN4 'AGWN 'HI. "OI$ D' 'EIRHTAI
PROTERON 'EXOUSIAN 'EINAI PERI= TOU POIEIN, 'EI$ 'ALLHLOU$
TOUTOI$ 'ANEU QUMOU MEN META PAIDIA$ 'EXESTW, SPOUDHI DE
"AMA KAI QUMOUMENOISIN MH 'EXESTW. TOUTOU DH DIAGNWSI$
'EPITETRAFQW TW*I TH$ PAIDEUSEW$ "OLH$ 'EPIMELHTHI TWN NEWN;
KAI "O= MEN 'AN4 "OUTO$ 'EGKRINHI65, PROFEREIN 'EI$ TO MESON 'EXESTW
TW*I POIHSANTI, "O= D' 'AN4 'APOKRINHI65, MHTE 'AUTO$ 'EPIDEIKNUSQW
<P 936B>
MHDENI MHTE 'ALLON DOULON MHTE 'ELEUQERON POTE FANHI DIDAXA$,
'H= KAKO$ 'EINAI DOXAZESQW KAI 'APEIQH$ TOI$ NOMOI$.
'OIKTRO$ D' 'OUC "O PEINWN 'H= TI TOIOUTON PASCWN, 'ALL'
"O SWFRONWN 'H= TINA 'ARETHN 'H= MERO$ 'ECWN TAUTH$, 'AN2 TINA
SUMFORAN PRO$ TOUTOI$ KEKTH*TAI; DIO QAUMASTON 'AN4 GENOITO
'EI TI$ 'WN TOIOUTO$ 'AMELHQEIH TO PARAPAN, "WST' 'EI$ PTWCEIAN
THN 'ESCATHN 'ELQEIN, DOULO$ 'H=-KAI 'ELEUQERO$, 'EN 'OIKOUMENHI
KAI METRIW$ POLITEIA\ TE-KAI POLEI. DIO TW*I NOMOQETHI QEINAI0
<P 936C>
NOMON 'ASFALE$ TOIOUTOI$ TOIONDE TINA; PTWCO$ MHDEI$ "HMIN
'EN THI POLEI GIGNESQW, TOIOUTON D' 'AN2 TI$ 'EPICEIRHI5 DRAN,
'EUCAI$ BION 'ANHNUTOI$ SULLEGOMENO$, 'EK MEN 'AGORA$ 'AGORANOMOI
'EXEIRGONTWN2 'AUTON, 'EK DE TOU* 'ASTEO$ "H TWN 'ASTUNOMWN
'ARCH, 'AGRONOMOI DE 'EK TH$ 'ALLH$ CWRA$ 'EI$ THN "UPERORIAN
'EKPEMPONTWN2, "OPW$ "H CWRA TOU* TOIOUTOU ZWIOU KAQARA
GIGNHTAI TO PARAPAN.
DOULO$ D' 'AN2 'H= DOULH BLAYHI6 TWN 'ALLOTRIWN KAI "OTIOUN,
<P 936D>
MH SUNAITIOU TOU* BLABENTO$ 'AUTOU4 GENOMENOU KAT' 'APEIRIAN
'H= TIN' "ETERAN CREIAN MH SWFRONA, "O TOU* BLAYANTO$ DESPOTH$
'H= THN BLABHN 'EXIASQW MH 'ENDEW$, 'H= TON BLAYANT' 'AUTON
PARADOTW; 'EA=N D' 'EPAITIWMENO$ "O DESPOTH$ KOINHI TOU* BLAYANTO$
TECNHI KAI TOU* BLABENTO$ 'EP' 'APOSTERHSEI FHI5 TOU*
DOULOU GEGONENAI THN 'AITIAN, DIADIKAZESQW MEN KAKOTECNIWN
TW*I FASKONTI BLABHNAI, KAI 'EA=N "ELHI6, DIPLASIAN TH$ 'AXIA$
<P 936E>
TOU* DOULOU KOMIZESQW "H$ 'AN4 TIMHSHI6 TO DIKASTHRION, 'EA=N
DE "HTTHQHI, THN TE BLABHN 'EXIASQW KAI TON DOULON PARADOTW.
KAI 'EA=N "UPOZUGION 'H= "IPPO$ 'H= KUWN 'H= TI TWN 'ALLWN
QREMMATWN SINHTAI TI TWN PELA$, KATA 'TAUTA 'EKTINEIN THN
BLABHN.
'EA=N TI$ "EKWN MH 'QELHI5 MARTUREIN, PROKALEISQAI0 TON
DEOMENON, "O DE KLHQEI$ 'APANTATW PRO$ THN DIKHN, KAI 'EA=N
MEN 'EIDHI5 KAI 'EQELHI5 MARTUREIN, MARTUREITW, 'EA=N DE 'EIDENAI
MH FHI5, TOU$ TREI$ QEOU$ DI=A KAI 'APOLLWNA KAI QEMIN


<P 937A>
'APOMOSA$ 'H*-MHN MH 'EIDENAI 'APALLATTESQW TH$ DIKH$; "O D'
'EI$ MARTURIAN KLHQEI$, MH 'APANTWN DE TW*I KALESAMENWI, TH$
BLABH$ "UPODIKO$ 'ESTW KATA NOMON. 'EA=N DE TI$ TINA DIKAZONTA
'ANASTHSHTAI MARTURA, MARTURHSA$ MH DIAYHFIZESQW
PERI= TAUTH$ TH$ DIKH$. GUNAIKI D' 'EXESTW 'ELEUQERA\ MARTUREIN
KAI SUNHGOREIN, 'EA=N "UPER TETTARAKONTA 'ETH 'HI-GEGONUIA, KAI
DIKHN LAGCANEIN, 'EA=N 'ANANDRO$ 'HI; ZWNTO$ DE 'ANDRO$ 'EXESTW
MARTURHSAI0 MONON. DOULHI DE-KAI DOULWI KAI PAIDI FONOU
<P 937B>
MONON 'EXESTW MARTUREIN KAI SUNHGOREIN, 'EA=N 'EGGUHTHN 'AXIOCREWN
'H*-MHN MENEIN2 KATASTHSHI6 MECRI DIKH$, 'EA=N 'EPISKHFQHI
TA YEUDH MARTURHSAI0. 'EPISKHPTESQAI DE TWN 'ANTIDIKWN
"EKATERON "OLHI THI MARTURIA\ KAI MEREI, 'EA=N TA YEUDH FHI5 TINA
MEMARTURHKENAI, PRIN THN DIKHN DIAKEKRISQAI; TA$ D' 'EPISKHYEI$
TA$ 'ARCA$ FULATTEIN KATASESHMASMENA$ "UP' 'AMFOIN, KAI
PARECEIN 'EI$ THN TWN YEUDOMARTURIWN DIAKRISIN. 'EA=N DE
<P 937C>
TI$ "ALWI0 DI$ YEUDOMARTURWN, TOUTON MHKETI NOMO$ 'ANAGKAZETW
MHDEI$ MARTUREIN, 'EA=N DE TRI$, MHKET' 'EXESTW TOUTWI MARTUREIN;
'EA=N DE TOLMHSHI6 MARTURHSAI0 TRI$ "EALWKW$, 'ENDEIKNUTW
MEN PRO$ THN 'ARCHN "O BOULOMENO$ 'AUTON, "H D' 'ARCH DIKASTHRIWI
PARADOTW, 'EA=N DE 'OFLHI6, QANATWI ZHMIOUSQW. "OPOSWN
D' 'AN4 MARTURIAI "ALWSIN DIKHI, YEUDH DOXANTWN0 MARTUREIN KAI
THN NIKHN TW*I "ELONTI PEPOIHKENAI, 'EA=N TWN TOIOUTWN "UPER
<P 937D>
"HMISU MARTURIWN KATADIKASQWSIN TINE$, THN KATA TAUTA$
"ALOUSAN DIKHN 'ANADIKON GIGNESQAI, 'AMFISBHTHSIN D' 'EINAI
KAI DIADIKASIAN 'EI=TE KATA TAUTA$ 'EI=TE MH "H DIKH 'EKRIQH,
"OPOTERW$ D' 'AN4 KRIQHI, TAUTHI GIGNESQW TO TELO$ TWN 'EMPROSQEN
DIKWN.
POLLWN DE 'ONTWN0 KAI KALWN 'EN TW*I TWN 'ANQRWPWN BIWI,
TOI$ PLEISTOI$ 'AUTWN "OION KHRE$ 'EPIPEFUKASIN, "AI=4 KATAMIAINOUSIN0
TE-KAI KATARRUPAINOUSIN0 'AUTA; KAI-DH-KAI DIKH
<P 937E>
'EN 'ANQRWPOI$ PW*$ 'OU KALON, "O= PANTA "HMERWKEN0 TA 'ANQRWPINA:
KALOU DE 'ONTO$ TOUTOU, PW*$ 'OU KAI TO SUNDIKEIN "HMIN
GIGNOIT' 'AN4 KALON: TAUTA 'OUN TOIAUTA 'ONTA DIABALLEI0 TI$
KA=KH, KALON 'ONOMA PROSTHSAMENH TECNHN, "H=4 PRWTON MEN-DH
FHSIN 'EINAI TINA DIKWN MHCANHN % 'EINAI D' 'AUTH TOU* TE
DIKASASQAI KAI SUNDIKEIN 'ALLWI % NIKAN DUNAMENHN, 'A=NT'-'OUN
DI=KAIA 'ANTE MH TA PERI= THN DIKHN "EKASTHN 'HI-PEPRAGMENA;


<P 938A>
DWREAN D' 'AUTH$ 'EINAI TH$ TECNH$ KAI TWN LOGWN TWN 'EK
TH$ TECNH$, 'AN2 'ANTIDWRHTAI TI$ CRHMATA. TAUTHN 'OUN 'EN
THI PAR' "HMIN POLEI, 'EI=T'-'OUN TECNH 'EI=TE 'ATECNO$ 'ESTIN TI$
'EMPEIRIA KAI TRIBH, MALISTA MEN-DH CREWN 'ESTIN MH FUNAI0;
DEOMENOU DE TOU* NOMOQETOU PEIQESQAI KAI MH 'ENANTIA DIKHI
FQEGGESQAI, PRO$ 'ALLHN DE 'APALLATTESQAI CWRAN, PEIQOMENOI$
MEN SIGH, 'APEIQOUSIN4 DE FWNH NOMOU "HDE; 'AN2 TI$ DOKHI5
<P 938B>
PEIRASQAI THN TWN DIKAIWN DUNAMIN 'EN TAI$ TWN DIKASTWN
YUCAI$ 'EPI 'TANANTIA TREPEIN KAI PARA KAIRON POLUDIKEIN
TWN TOIOUTWN 'H=-KAI SUNDIKEIN, GRAFESQW MEN "O BOULOMENO$
'AUTON KAKODIKIA$ 'H=-KAI SUNDIKIA$ KAKH$, KRINESQW DE 'EN TW*I
TWN 'EKLEKTWN DIKASTHRIWI, 'OFLONTO$ DE, TIMATW TO DIKASTHRION
'EI=TE FILOCRHMATIA\ DOKEI0 DRAN TO TOIOUTON 'EI=TE FILONIKIA\,
KAI 'EA=N MEN FILONIKIA\, TIMAN 'AUTWI TO DIKASTHRION "OSOU CRH
CRONOU TON TOIOUTON MHDENI LACEIN DIKHN MHDE SUNDIKHSAI0,
<P 938C>
'EA=N DE FILOCRHMATIA\, TON MEN XENON 'APIONTA 'EK TH$ CWRA$
MHPOTE PALIN 'ELQEIN 'H= QANATWI ZHMIOUSQAI, TON 'ASTON DE
TEQNANAI FILOCRHMOSUNH$ "ENEKA TH$ 'EK PANTO$ TROPOU PAR'
'AUTWI TIMWMENH$; KAI 'EA=N TI$ FILONIKIA\ KRIQHI DI$ TO TOIOUTON
DRAN, TEQNATW.


<B NOM12>


<P 941A>
AQ _ 'EA=N "W$ PRESBEUTH$ TI$ 'H= KHRUX KATAYEUDOMENO$
TH$ POLEW$ PARAPRESBEUHTAI PRO$ TINA POLIN, 'H= PEMPOMENO$
MH TA$ 'OUSA$ PRESBEIA$ 'EF' "AI$ PEMPETAI 'APAGGELLHI5,
'H= PALIN 'AU PARA TWN POLEMIWN 'H=-KAI FILWN MH TA PAR'
'EKEINWN 'ORQW$ 'APOPRESBEUSA$ GENHTAI FANERO$ 'H= KHRUKEUSA$,
GRAFAI KATA TOUTWN 'ESTWN "W$ "ERMOU KAI DIO$ 'AGGELIA$
KAI 'EPITAXEI$ PARA NOMON 'ASEBHSANTWN0, TIMHMA DE "OTI2 CRH
<P 941B>
PASCEIN 'H= 'APOTINEIN, 'EA=N 'OFLHI6.
KLOPH MEN CRHMATWN 'ANELEUQERON, "ARPAGH DE 'ANAISCUNTON;
TWN DIO$ DE "UEWN 'OUDEI$ 'OUTE DOLOI$ 'OUTE BIA\
CAIRWN 'EPITETHDEUKEN0 TOUTOIN 'OUDETERON. MHDEI$ 'OUN "UPO
POIHTWN MHD' 'ALLW$ "UPO TINWN MUQOLOGWN PLHMMELWN PERI=
TA TOIAUTA 'EXAPATWMENO$ 'ANAPEIQESQW, KAI KLEPTWN 'H=
BIAZOMENO$ 'OIESQW MHDEN 'AISCRON POIEIN 'ALL' "APER 'AUTOI
QEOI DRWSIN0; 'OUTE-GAR 'ALHQE$ 'OUT' 'EIKO$, 'ALL' "O$4 TI DRA*I0
TOIOUTON PARANOMW$, 'OUTE QEO$ 'OUTE PAI$ 'ESTIN POTE QEWN,
<P 941C>
TAUTA DE NOMOQETHI MALLON PROSHKEI0 GIGNWSKEIN 'H= POIHTAI$
SUMPASIN. "O MEN-'OUN PEISQEI$ "HMWN TW*I LOGWI 'EUTUCEI0 TE-KAI
'EI$ CRONON "APANTA 'EUTUCOI, "O DE 'APISTHSA$ TO META
TAUTA TOIWIDE TINI MACESQW NOMWI; 'EA=N TI$ TI KLEPTHI5 DHMOSION
MEGA 'H=-KAI SMIKRON, TH$ 'AUTH$ DIKH$ DEI0. MIKRON
TI GAR "O KLEPTWN 'ERWTI MEN 'TAUTWI, DUNAMEI DE 'ELATTONI
<P 941D>
KEKLOFEN0, "O TE TO MEIZON KINWN 'OU KATAQEMENO$ "OLON 'ADIKEI0;
DIKH$ 'OUN 'OUDETERON 'OUDETEROU 'ELATTONO$ "ENEKA MEGEQOU$ TOU*
KLEMMATO$ "O NOMO$ 'AXIOI0 ZHMIOUN0, 'ALLA= TW*I TON MEN 'ISW$
'AN4 'IASIMON 'ET' 'EINAI, TON D' 'ANIATON. XENON MEN-DH TWN
DHMOSIWN 'H= DOULON 'AN2 TI$ TI KLEPTONTA 'EN DIKASTHRIWI "ELHI6,
"W$ 'IASIMWI 'EK TWN 'EIKOTWN 'ONTI, TI= CRH PAQEIN 'H= TI=NA ZHMIAN


<P 942A>
'APOTINEIN 'AUTON "H KRISI$ GIGNESQW; TON DE 'ASTON KAI
TEQRAMMENON "W$ 'ESTAI-TEQRAMMENO$, 'AN2 PATRIDA SULWN 'H=
BIAZOMENO$ "ALISKHTAI, 'EANT' 'EP' 'AUTOFWRWI 'EANTE MH, SCEDON
"W$ 'ANIATON 'ONTA QANATWI ZHMIOUN0.
STRATIWN DE "ENEKA POLLH MEN SUMBOULH, POLLOI DE
NOMOI GIGNONTAI KATA TROPON, MEGISTON DE TO MHDEPOTE
'ANARCON MHDENA 'EINAI, MHT' 'ARRENA MHTE QHLEIAN, MHDE TINO$
'EQEI YUCHN 'EIQISQAI MHTE SPOUDAZONTO$ MHT' 'EN PAIDIAI$
<P 942B>
'AUTON 'EF' "AUTOU TI KATA MONA$ DRAN, 'ALL' 'EN TE POLEMWI
PANTI KAI 'EN 'EIRHNHI PASHI PRO$ TON 'ARCONTA 'AEI BLEPONTA
KAI SUNEPOMENON ZHN, KAI TA BRACUTAQ' "UP' 'EKEINOU KUBERNWMENON,
"OION "ESTANAI Q' "OTAN 'EPITATTHI5 TI$ KAI POREUESQAI
KAI GUMNAZESQAI KAI LOUSQAI KAI SITEISQAI KAI 'EGEIRESQAI
NUKTWR 'EI$ TE FULAKA$ KAI PARAGGELSEI$, KAI 'EN 'AUTOI$ TOI$
KINDUNOI$ MHTE TINA DIWKEIN MHQ' "UPOCWREIN 'ALLWI 'ANEU TH$
<P 942C>
TWN 'ARCONTWN0 DHLWSEW$, "ENI TE LOGWI TO CWRI$ TI TWN 'ALLWN
PRATTEIN DIDAXAI0 THN YUCHN 'EQESI MHTE GIGNWSKEIN MHT'
'EPISTASQAI TO PARAPAN, 'ALL' "AQROON 'AEI KAI "AMA KAI KOINON
TON BION "OTI2 MALISTA PASI PANTWN GIGNESQAI % TOUTOU GAR-'OUT'
'ESTIN 'OUTE POTE MH GENHTAI KREITTON 'OUTE 'AMEINON 'OUTE
TECNIKWTERON 'EI$ SWTHRIAN THN KATA POLEMON KAI NIKHN %
TOUTO 'EN 'EIRHNHI MELETHTEON 'EUQU$ 'EK TWN PAIDWN, 'ARCEIN TE
'ALLWN 'ARCESQAI Q' "UF' "ETERWN; THN D' 'ANARCIAN 'EXAIRETEON
<P 942D>
'EK PANTO$ TOU* BIOU "APANTWN TWN 'ANQRWPWN TE-KAI TWN
"UP' 'ANQRWPOU$ QHRIWN. KAI-DH-KAI COREIA$ PASA$ 'EI$ TA$
'ARISTEIA$ TA$ KATA POLEMON BLEPOUSA$ COREUEIN, KAI "OLHN
'EUKOLIAN TE-KAI 'EUCEREIAN 'EPITHDEUEIN TWN 'AUTWN "EINEKA,
KARTERHSEI$ TE 'AU SITWN KAI POTWN KAI CEIMWNWN KAI TWN
'ENANTIWN KAI KOITH$ SKLHRA$, KAI TO MEGISTON, THN TH$
KEFALH$ KAI PODWN DUNAMIN MH DIAFQEIREIN THI TWN 'ALLOTRIWN
SKEPASMATWN PERIKALUFHI, THN TWN 'OIKEIWN 'APOLLUNTA$
<P 942E>
PILWN TE-KAI "UPODHMATWN GENESIN KAI FUSIN; TAUTA
GAR 'AKRWTHRIA 'ONTA SWIZOMENA TE 'ECEI0 MEGISTHN DUNAMIN
PANTO$ TOU* SWMATO$ KAI 'TOUNANTION 'ENANTIW$, KAI TO MEN
"UPHRETIKWTATON "APANTI TW*I SWMATI, TO DE 'ARCIKWTATON, 'ECON


<P 943A>
TA$ KURIA$ "APASA$ 'AISQHSEI$ 'AUTOU4 FUSEI. 'EPAINON MEN-DH
TOUTON 'AKOUEIN TON NEON CRHN DOKEIN POLEMIKOU PERI=
BIOU, NOMOU$ D' 'AU TOUSDE; STRATEUESQAI TON KATALEGENTA
'H= TON 'EN MEREI TINI TETAGMENON. 'EA=N DE TI$ 'EKLEIPHI5 TINI
KA=KHI MH STRATHGWN 'AFENTWN3, GRAFA$ 'ASTRATEIA$ 'EINAI PRO$
TOU$ POLEMIKOU$ 'ARCONTA$, "OTAN 'ELQWSIN 'APO STRATOPEDOU,
DIKAZEIN DE TOU$ STRATEUSANTA$ "EKASTOU$ CWRI$, "OPLITA$
TE-KAI "IPPEA$ KAI 'TALLA 'EMPOLE=MIA "EKASTA "WSAUTW$, KAI
<P 943B>
'EISAGEIN "OPLITA$ MEN 'EI$ TOU$ "OPLITA$, "IPPEA$ DE 'EI$ TOU$
"IPPEA$ KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ DE KATA 'TAUTA 'EI$ TOU$ "AUTWN SUNNOMOU$;
'EA=N DE TI$ 'OFLHI6, "UPARCEIN MEN 'AUTWI MHPOTE TH$
"OLH$ 'ARISTEIA$ 'AGWNISTHI GENESQAI MHDE 'ASTRATEIA$ 'ALLON
GRAYASQAI POTE MHDE KATHGORWI TOUTWN PE=RI GENESQAI, PRO$
TOUTOI$ D' 'ETI PROSTIMAN 'AUTWI TO DIKASTHRION "OTI2 CRH PAQEIN
'H= 'APOTINEIN. META DE TAUTA, 'EKDIKASQEISWN TWN TH$ 'ASTRATEIA$
DIKWN, PALIN "EKASTWN 'ARCONTA$ POIHSAI0 SULLOGON,
<P 943C>
'ARISTEIWN DE PE=RI KRINESQAI TON BOULOMENON 'EN TOI$ "AUTWN
'EQNESIN, MH PERI= PROTEROU POLEMOU MHDEN PARECOMENON MHTE
TEKMHRION MHTE MARTURWN PISTWSEI$ LOGWN, 'AUTH$ DE PERI=
TH$ STRATEIA$ TH$ TO=TE GENOMENH$ 'AUTOI$. STEFANON DE TO
NIKHTHRION "EKASTOI$ 'EINAI QALLOU; TOUTON DE 'EI$ TA TWN
POLEMIKWN QEWN "IERA, "WN 'AN4 TI$ BOULHTAI, GRAYANTA 'ANAQEINAI0
MARTURION 'EI$ THN TWN 'ARISTEIWN KRISIN PANTO$ TOU*
BIOU KAI THN TWN DEUTERWN KAI TRITWN. 'EA=N DE STRATEUSHTAI
<P 943D>
MEN TI$, MH 'APAGAGONTWN3 DE TWN 'ARCONTWN0 'OIKADE PROAPELQHI6
TOU* CRONOU, LIPOTAXIOU TOUTWN 'EINAI GRAFA$ 'EN TOI$
'AUTOI$ "OI$ PERI= TH$ 'ASTRATEIA$, 'OFLOUSIN TE TIMWRIAI
'EPESTWSAN "AIPER KAI PROSQEN 'ETEQHSAN. CRH MEN-DH PASAN
'EPIFERONTA DIKHN 'ANDRI PANT' 'ANDRA FOBEISQAI TO MHTE
'EPENEGKEIN YEUDH TIMWRIAN, MHT'-'OUN "EKONTA MHT' 'AKONTA
<P 943E>
KATA DUNAMIN % PARQENO$ GAR 'AIDOU$ DIKH LEGETAI TE-KAI
'ONTW$ 'EIRHTAI, YEUDO$ DE 'AIDOI KAI DIKHI NEMESHTON KATA
FUSIN % TWN TE-'OUN 'ALLWN 'EULABEISQAI PE=RI PLHMMELEIN
'EI$ DIKHN, DIAFERONTW$ DE-KAI TH$ TWN KATA POLEMON "OPLWN
'APOBOLH$, MH DIAMARTWN TI$ 'A=RA TWN 'ANAGKAIWN 'APOBOLWN,
"W$ 'AISCRA$ 'AUTA$ 'EI$ 'ONEIDO$ TIQEI=$, 'ANAXIWI 'ANAXIA$ 'EPAGHI5
DIKA$. "RA\DION MEN-'OUN 'OUDAMW$ DIORISAI0 TOUTWN QATERON,


<P 944A>
"OMW$ DE CRH TON NOMON "AMW$ GE PW$ "ORIZEIN PEIRASQAI KATA
MERH. MUQWI DH PROSCRWMENOI "AM' 'EIPWMEN, 'EI KOMISQEI$
'EPI SKHNHN 'ANEU TWN "OPLWN PATROKLO$ 'EMPNOU$ 'EGENEQ',
"OION DH MURIOI$ SUNEPESEN, TA DE PRO=TERA 'EKEINA "OPLA,
"A PHLEI FHSIN "O POIHTH$ PARA QEWN PROIKA 'EN TOI$
GAMOI$ 'EPIDOQHNAI QETIDI, TAUTA DE "EKTWR 'EICEN, 'EXHN 'AN4
TWN TO=TE "OSOI KAKOI 'ONEIDIZEIN "OPLWN 'APOBOLHN TW*I TOU*
MENOITIOU. 'ETI DE "OPOSOI KATA KRHMNWN "RIFENTE$ 'APWLESAN
<P 944B>
"OPLA, 'H= KATA QALATTAN, 'H= CEIMWNWN 'EN KOPOI$ "UPODEXAMENH$
'AUTOU$ 'EXAIFNH$ POLLH$ "RUSEW$ "UDATO$, 'H= MURI' 'AN4 'ECOI
TI$ TOIAUTA PARAMUQOUMENO$ 'EPA\DEIN, 'EUDIABOLON KAKON
KALLUNWN0; TEMEIN2 DH CREWN KATA DUNAMIN TO MEIZON KAI
TO DUSCERESTERON KAKON 'APO TOU* 'ENANTIOU. SCEDON 'OUN 'EN
TOI$ 'ONEIDESIN 'ECEI0 TINA TOMHN "H TOUTWN TWN 'ONOMATWN
'EPIFORA; "RIYASPI$ MEN-GAR 'OUK 'EN PASIN 'ONOMAZOIT' 'AN4
<P 944C>
DIKAIW$, 'APOBOLEU$ DE "OPLWN. 'OUC "OMOIW$ GAR "O TE 'AFAIREQEI$
MET' 'EIKUIA$ BIA$ GIGNOIT' 'AN4 "RIYASPI$ "O TE 'AFEI$
"EKWN, DIAFEREI0 DE "OLON POU-KAI TO PAN. "WD' 'OUN-DH LEGESQW
NOMWI; 'EA=N KATALAMBANOMENO$ TI$ "UPO POLEMIWN KAI 'ECWN
"OPLA MH 'ANASTREFHI5 KAI 'AMUNHTAI, 'AFHI6 DE "EKWN 'H= "RIYHI6,
ZWHN 'AISCRAN 'ARNUMENO$ META KA=KH$ MALLON 'H= MET' 'ANDREIA$
KALON KAI 'EUDAIMONA QANATON, TOIAUTH$ MEN "OPLWN 'APOBOLH$
<P 944D>
'ESTW DIKH "RIFQENTWN5, TH$ DE 'EIRHMENH$ 'EMPROSQEN "O DIKAZWN
MH 'AMELEITW SKOPEIN. TON GAR KAKON 'AEI DEI KOLAZEIN, "IN'
'AMEINWN 'HI, 'OU TON DUSTUCH; 'OUDEN GAR PLEON. ZHMIA DH
TW*I THN TOIAUTHN 'AMUNTHRIWN "OPLWN 'EI$ 'TOUNANTION 'AFENTI
DUNAMIN TI=$ 'A=RA GIGNOIT' 'AN4 PROSFORO$: 'OU-GAR DUNATON
'ANQRWPWI DRAN 'TOUNANTION "W$ POTE QEON FASI0 DRASAI0, KAINEA
TON QETTALON 'EK GUNAIKO$ METABALONTA 'EI$ 'ANDRO$ FUSIN;
'H*N GAR 'ANDRI "RIYASPIDI TROPON TINA PREPOUSA PASWN
<P 944E>
MALISTA "H 'KEINHI THI GENESEI 'ENANTIA GENESI$, 'EI$ GUNAIKA
'EX 'ANDRO$ METABALOUSA, TIMWRIA TOUTWI GENOMENH. NU*N D'
"OTI2 TOUTWN 'EGGUTATA FILOYUCIA$ "ENEKA, "INA TON 'EPILOIPON
BION MH KINDUNEUHI5, ZHI2 DE "W$ PLEISTON CRONON 'WN KAKO$
'ONEIDEI SUNECOMENO$, 'ESTW NOMO$ "ODE 'EPI TOUTOI$; 'ANHR "O$4
'AN4 'OFLHI6 DIKHN "W$ 'AISCRW$ 'APOBALWN2 "OPLA POLEMIKA, TOUTWI
MHT'-'OUN TI$ STRATHGO$ MHT' 'ALLO$ POTE TWN KATA POLEMON


<P 945A>
'ARCONTWN0 "W$ 'ANDRI STRATIWTHI CRHSHTAI MHD' 'EI$ TAXIN
KATATAXHI6 MHD' "HNTINOUN; 'EI DE MH, KATEUQUNEIN0 'AUTOU4 TON
'EUQUNON, 'AN2 MEN 'HI TOU* MEGISTOU TIMHMATO$ "O TAXA$ TON
KAKON, CILIA$, 'AN2 DE TOU* DEUTEROU, PENTE MNA$, 'AN2 DE TOU*
TRITOU, TREI$ MNA$, 'AN2 DE TOU* TETARTOU, MNAN. "O DE 'OFLWN
THN DIKHN PRO$ TW*I 'AFEISQAI TWN 'ANDREIWN KINDUNWN KATA
FUSIN THN "AUTOU PROSAPOTEISATW MISQON, CILIA$ MEN, 'AN2
TOU* MEGISTOU TIMHMATO$ 'HI, PENTE DE, TOU* DEUTEROU, TREI$ DE,
<P 945B>
'AN2 TOU* TRITOU, MNAN DE "WSAUTW$, KAQAPER "OI PROSQEN, TOU*
TETARTOU MEROU$.
'EUQUNWN DH PE=RI TI=$ "HMIN LOGO$ 'AN4 'EIH PREPWN 'ARCONTWN0
GENOMENWN TWN MEN KATA TUCHN KLHROU KAI 'EP' 'ENIAUTON,
TWN D' 'EI$ PLEIONA 'ETH KAI 'EK PROKRITWN: TWN DH TOIOUTWN
'EUQUNTH$ TI=$ "IKANO$, 'AN2 TI$ TI 'EIPHI6 SKOLION 'AUTWN 'H=7
KAMFQEI$ "UPO BAROU$ MEN THN 'ARCHN PRAXHI6, TH$ D' "AUTOU
DUNAMEW$ 'ENDEIA\ PRO$ THN TH$ 'ARCH$ 'AXIAN: "RA\DION MEN
<P 945C>
'OUDAMW$ "EUREIN TWN 'ARCONTWN0 'ARCONTA "UPERBALLONTA PRO$
'ARETHN, "OMW$ DE PEIRATEON 'EUQUNTA$ TINA$ 'ANEURISKEIN QEIOU$.
'ECEI0 GAR-'OUN "OUTW. POLLOI KAIROI POLITEIA$ LUSEW$ 'EISIN,
KAQAPER NEW$ 'H= ZWIOU TINO$, "OU$ 'ENTONOU$ TE-KAI "UPOZWMATA
KAI NEURWN 'EPITONOU$, MIAN 'OUSAN FUSIN DIESPARMENHN,
POLLACOU POLLOI$ 'ONOMASIN PROSAGOREUOMEN; "EI$ DE "OUTO$
'OU SMIKROTATO$ KAIRO$ TOU* SWIZESQAI TE-KAI DIALUQEISAN
<P 945D>
'OICESQAI POLITEIAN. 'AN2 MEN-GAR "OI TOU$ 'ARCONTA$ 'EXEUQUNONTE$
BELTIOU$ 'WSIN 'EKEINWN, KAI TOUT' 'EN DIKHI 'AMEMPTWI
TE-KAI 'AMEMPTW$, "H PASA "OUTW QALLEI0 TE-KAI 'EUDAIMONEI0
CWRA KAI POLI$; 'EA=N D' 'ALLW$ TA PERI= TA$ 'EUQUNA$ TWN
'ARCONTWN0 GIGNHTAI, TO=TE LUQEISH$ TH$ TA PANTA POLITEUMATA
SUNECOUSH$ 'EI$ "EN DIKH$, TAUTHI PASA 'ARCH DIESPASQH
CWRI$ "ETE=RA 'AP' 'ALLH$, KAI 'OUK 'EI$ TO 'AUTO 'ETI NEUOUSAI,
<P 945E>
POLLA$ 'EK MIA$ THN POLIN POIOUSAI, STASEWN 'EMPLHSASAI
TACU DIWLESAN. DIO DH DEI PANTW$ TOU$ 'EUQUNOU$ QAUMASTOU$
PASAN 'ARETHN 'EINAI. TEKTAINWMEQA DH TINA TROPON 'AUTWN
TOIANDE GENESIN. KAT' 'ENIAUTON "EKASTON META TROPA$ "HLIOU
TA$ 'EK QEROU$ 'EI$ CEIMWNA SUNIENAI CREWN PASAN THN POLIN
'EI$ "HLIOU KOINON KAI 'APOLLWNO$ TEMENO$, TW*I QEWI 'APOFANOUMENOU$


<P 946A>
'ANDRA$ "AUTWN TREI$, "ON 'AN4 "EKASTO$ 'AUTWN "HGH*TAI PANTHI
'ARISTON 'EINAI, PLHN "AUTOU, MH 'ELATTON PENTHKONTA GEGONOTA
'ETWN. TWN DE PROKRIQENTWN5 "OU$ 'AN4 PLEISTOI 'ENEGKWSI, TOUTOU$
'EKLEXAI0 MECRI TWN "HMISEWN, 'EA=N 'ARTIOI GIGNWNTAI,
PERITTOI DE 'EA=N 'WSIN, "ENA 'AFELEIN, "WI 'AN4 'ELACISTAI GENWNTAI,
KATALIPEIN DE TOU$ "HMISEI$ 'AUTWN PLHQEI TWN YHFWN 'APOKRINANTA$,
'EA=N DE TISIN 'ISAI GIGNWNTAI KAI TON "HMISUN
'ARIQMON PLEIW POIWSIN, 'AFELEIN TO PLEON 'APOKRINANTA$
<P 946B>
NEOTHTI, TOU$ D' 'ALLOU$ 'EGKRINANTA$ FEREIN 'AUQI$, MECRIPER
'AN4 TREI$ LEIFQWSIN 'ANISOI; 'EA=N DE 'H= PASIN 'H= TOIN DUOIN 'ISAI
GIGNWNTAI, THI 'AGAQHI MOIRA\ KAI TUCHI 'EPITREYANTA$, KLHRWI
DIELONTA$ TON NIKWNTA KAI DEUTERON KAI TRITON STEFANWSAI0
QALLWI, KAI TA 'ARISTEI*A 'APODONTA$ PASIN 'ANEIPEIN "OTI4
MAGNHTWN "H KATA QEON PALIN TUCOUSA SWTHRIA$ POLI$,
'APOFHNASA "AUTH$ "HLIWI 'ANDRA$ TOU$ 'ARISTOU$ TREI$, 'AKROQINION
<P 946C>
'APOLLWNI KATA TON PALAION NOMON 'ANATIQHSI KOINON
KAI "HLIWI, "OSONPER 'AN4 "EPWNTAI CRONON THI KRISEI. TOUTOU$
DE PRWTWI MEN 'ENIAUTWI DWDEKA 'EUQUNOU$ 'APODEIXAI0, MECRIPER
'AN4 "EKASTWI PENTE KAI "EBDOMHKONTA 'ETH SUMBHI6 GENOMENA, TO
LOIPON DE TREI$ 'AEI PROSGIGNESQWN KAT' 'ENIAUTON; "OUTOI DE
TA$ 'ARCA$ PASA$ DWDEKA MERH DIELOMENOI PASAI$ BASANOI$
CRWMENOI 'ELEUQERAI$ 'ELEGCONTWN2. 'OIKOUNTWN3 DE, "OSON 'AN4
<P 946D>
'EUQUNWSIN CRONON, 'EN TW*I TOU* 'APOLLWNO$ TE-KAI "HLIOU
TEMENEI, 'EN "WIPER 'EKRIQHSAN; KAI TA MEN 'IDIA\ "EKASTO$, TA DE-KAI
KOINHI MET' 'ALLHLWN KRINANTE$ TOU$ 'ARXANTA$ THI POLEI,
'APOFHNANTWN2, 'EI$ THN 'AGORAN GRAMMATA KATAQENTE$, PERI=
"EKASTH$ 'ARCH$ "OTI2 CRH PAQEIN 'H= 'APOTINEIN KATA THN TWN
'EUQUNWN GNWMHN. "HTI$ D' 'AN4 TWN 'ARCWN MH "OMOLOGHI5 KEKRISQAI
DIKAIW$, 'EI$ TOU$ 'EKLEKTOU$ DIKASTA$ 'EISAGETW TOU$
'EUQUNOU$, KAI 'EA=N MEN 'APOFUGHI6 TI$ TA$ 'EUQUNA$, 'AUTWN TWN
<P 946E>
'EUQUNWN KATHGOREITW, 'EA=N 'EQELHI5; 'EA=N DE "ALWI0, 'EA=N MEN 'HI TWI
QANATOU TETIMHMENON "UPO TWN 'EUQUNWN, "WSPER 'ANAGKH, "APLW$
QNHISKETW, TWN D' 'ALLWN TIMHMATWN "WN 'AN4 DUNATON 'HI DIPLHN
TEISAI0, DIPLASIAN TINETW. TA$ D' 'EUQUNA$ 'AUTWN TOUTWN
'AKOUEIN CRH TI=NE$ 'ESONTAI KAI TI=NA TROPON. ZWSI4 MEN-'OUN
TOUTOI$ TOI$ PARA PASH$ TH$ POLEW$ 'ARISTEIWN 'HXIWMENOI$


<P 947A>
PROEDRIAI T' 'EN TAI$ PANHGURESI PASAI$ 'ESTWSAN, 'ETI DE TWN
'EI$ TOU$ "ELLHNA$ KOINHI QUSIWN KAI QEWRIWN KAI "OSWN 'AN4
"ETERWN KOINWNWSIN "IERWN, 'EK TOUTWN TOU$ 'ARCONTA$ TH$
QEWRIA$ "EKASTH$ 'EKPEMPEIN, KAI TOUTOU$ MONOU$ DAFNH$
STEFANWI TWN 'EN THI POLEI KEKOSMHMENOU$-'EINAI, KAI "IEREA$
MEN PANTA$ TOU* 'APOLLWNO$ TE-KAI "HLIOU, 'ARCIEREWN DE "ENA
KAT' 'ENIAUTON TON PRWTON KRIQENTA TWN GENOMENWN 'EKEINWI TW*I
<P 947B>
'ENIAUTWI TWN "IEREWN, KAI 'TOUNOMA 'ANAGRAFEIN TOUTOU KAT'
'ENIAUTON, "OPW$ 'AN4 GIGNHTAI METRON 'ARIQMOU TOU* CRONOU, "EW$
'AN4 "H POLI$ 'OIKHTAI. TELEUTHSASI DE PROQESEI$ KAI 'EKFORA$
KAI QHKA$ DIAFOROU$ 'EINAI TWN 'ALLWN POLITWN; LEUKHN MEN
THN STOLHN 'ECEIN PASAN, QRHNWN DE-KAI 'ODURMWN CWRI$
GIGNESQAI, KORWN DE CORON PENTEKAIDEKA KAI 'ARRENWN "ETERON
PERIISTAMENOU$ THI KLINHI "EKATEROU$ "OION "UMNON PEPOIHMENON
<P 947C>
'EPAINON 'EI$ TOU$ "IEREA$ 'EN MEREI "EKATEROU$ 'A\DEIN, 'EUDAIMONIZONTA$
'WIDHI DIA= PASH$ TH$ "HMERA$; "EWQEN D' 'EI$ THN QHKHN
FEREIN 'AUTHN MEN THN KLINHN "EKATON TWN NEWN TWN 'EN TOI$
GUMNASIOI$, "OU$ 'AN4 "OI PROSHKONTE$ TOU* TELEUTHSANTO$ 'EPIOYWNTAI,
PRWTOU$ DE PROIENAI TOU$ 'HIQEOU$ THN POLEMIKHN
SKEUHN 'ENDEDUKOTA$ "EKASTOU$, SUN TOI$ "IPPOISI MEN "IPPEA$,
SUN DE "OPLOI$ "OPLITA$, KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ "WSAUTW$, PAIDA$ DE
PERI= 'AUTHN THN KLINHN 'EMPROSQEN TO PATRION MELO$ 'EFUMNEIN,
<P 947D>
KAI KORA$ "EPOMENA$ 'EXOPISQEN "OSAI T' 'AN4 GUNAIKE$ TH$ PAIDOPOIHSEW$
'APHLLAGMENAI TUGCANWSIN, META DE TAUTA "IEREA$
TE-KAI "IEREIA$ "W$ KAQAREUONTI TW*I TAFWI "EPESQAI, 'EA=N 'A=RA-KAI
TWN 'ALLWN 'EIRGWNTAI TAFWN, 'EA=N KAI TO TH$ PUQIA$
"OUTW TE-KAI TAUTHI SUMYHFON 'HI. QHKHN DE "UPO GH$ 'AUTOI$
'EIRGASMENHN-'EINAI YALIDA PROMHKH LIQWN POTIMWN KAI
'AGHRWN 'EI$ DUNAMIN, 'ECOUSAN KLINA$ PAR' 'ALLHLA$ LIQINA$
<P 947E>
KEIMENA$, "OU4 DH TON MAKARION GEGONOTA QENTE$, KUKLWI CWSANTE$,
PERIX DENDRWN 'ALSO$ PERIFUTEUSOUSI2 PLHN KWLOU
"ENO$, "OPW$ 'AN4 'AUXHN "O TAFO$ 'ECHI5 TAUTHN THN 'EI$ TON "APANTA
CRONON 'EPIDEH CWMATO$ TOI$ TIQEMENOI$; KAT' 'ENIAUTON DE
'AGWNA MOUSIKH$ 'AUTOI$ KAI GUMNIKON "IPPIKON TE QHSOUSIN2.
TA MEN-DH GERA TAUTA TOI$ TA$ 'EUQUNA$ DIAFUGOUSIN; 'AN2 DE
TI$ TOUTWN PISTEUWN TW*I KEKRISQAI, THN 'ANQRWPINHN FUSIN
'EPIDEIXHI6 KAKO$ GENOMENO$ "USTERON TH$ KRISEW$, GRAFESQAI
MEN TON BOULOMENON 'AUTON "O NOMO$ PROSTATTETW, "O D' 'AGWN


<P 948A>
'EN DIKASTHRIWI GIGNESQW TOIWIDE TINI TROPWI. PRWTON MEN
NOMOFULAKE$ 'ESTWSAN TOUTOU TOU* DIKASTHRIOU, 'EPEITA 'AUTWN
TOUTWN "OI ZWNTE$, PRO$ DE TOUTOI$ TO TWN 'EKLEKTWN DIKASTHRION,
GRAFESQW DE "O GRAFOMENO$, "ON 'AN4 GRAFHTAI,
LEGOUSAN THN GRAFHN 'ANAXION 'EINAI TON KAI TON TWN 'ARISTEIWN
KAI TH$ 'ARCH$; KAI 'EA=N MEN "O FEUGWN "ALWI0, STERESQW
TH$ 'ARCH$ KAI TOU* TAFOU KAI TWN 'ALLWN TWN DOQEISWN 'AUTWI
TIMWN, 'EA=N DE "O DIWKWN MH METALABHI6 TO PEMPTON MERO$ TWN
<P 948B>
YHFWN, TINETW "O MEN TOU* MEGISTOU TIMHMATO$ DWDEKA MNA$,
'OKTW DE "O TOU* DEUTEROU, TRITOU DE "EX, TETARTOU DE DUO.
"RADAMANQUO$ DE PERI= THN LEGOMENHN KRISIN TWN DIKWN
'AXION 'AGASQAI, DIOTI KATEIDEN TOU$ TO=TE 'ANQRWPOU$ "HGOUMENOU$
'ENARGW$ 'EINAI QEOU$, 'EIKOTW$, "ATE KATA TON TO=TE
CRONON TWN POLLWN 'EK QEWN 'ONTWN0, "WN "EI$ 'H*N 'AUTO$, "W$ GE
LOGO$. 'EOIKEN0 DH DIKASTHI MEN 'ANQRWPWN 'OUDENI DIANOOUMENO$
DEIN 'EPITREPEIN, QEOI$ DE, "OQEN "APLAI KAI TACEIAI DIKAI
'EKRINONT' 'AUTWI; DIDOU$ GAR PERI= "EKASTWN TWN 'AMFISBHTOUMENWN
<P 948C>
"ORKON TOI$ 'AMFISBHTOUSIN4 'APHLLATTETO TACU KAI
'ASFALW$. NU*N DE-DH "OTE MERO$ TI MEN, FAMEN, 'ANQRWPWN
TO PARAPAN 'OUC "HGOUNTAI QEOU$, "OI DE 'OU FRONTIZEIN "HMWN
'AUTOU$ DIANOOUNTAI, TWN DE-DH PLEISTWN 'ESTI KAI KAKISTWN
"H DOXA "W$ SMIKRA DECOMENOI QUMATA KAI QWPEIA$ POLLA
SUNAPOSTEROUSI0 CRHMATA KAI MEGALWN SFA$ 'EKLUONTAI KATA
POLLA ZHMIWN, 'OUKETI DH TOI$ NU*N 'ANQRWPOI$ "H "RADAMANQUO$
<P 948D>
'AN4 'EIH TECNH PREPOUSA 'EN DIKAI$. METABEBLHKUIWN 'OUN TWN
PERI= QEOU$ DOXWN 'EN TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ METABALLEIN DEI KAI
TOU$ NOMOU$; 'EN GAR LHXESIN DIKWN TOU$ META NOU TIQEMENOU$
NOMOU$ 'EXAIREIN CRH TOU$ "ORKOU$ TWN 'ANTIDIKOUNTWN0 "EKATERWN,
KAI TON LAGCANONTA TWI TINA DIKHN TA MEN 'EGKLHMATA
GRAFEIN, "ORKON DE MH 'EPOMNUNAI, KAI TON FEUGONTA KATA
'TAUTA THN 'ARNHSIN GRAYANTA PARADOUNAI0 TOI$ 'ARCOUSIN4
'ANWMOTON; DEINON GAR-POU, DIKWN G' 'EN POLEI POLLWN
<P 948E>
GENOMENWN, 'EU 'EIDENAI SMIKROU DEIN TOU$ "HMISEI$ 'AUTWN
'EPIWRKHKOTA$, 'EN SUSSITIOI$ TE 'ALLHLOI$ 'EUCERW$ SUGGIGNOMENOU$
KAI 'EN 'ALLAI$ SUNOUSIAI$ TE-KAI 'IDIWTIKAI$ SUGGENHSESIN
"EKASTWN. NOMO$ DH KEISQW DIKASTHN MEN 'OMNUNAI
DIKAZEIN MELLONTA, KAI TON TA$ 'ARCA$ TW*I KOINWI KAQISTANTA


<P 949A>
DI' "ORKWN 'H= DIA= FORA$ YHFWN 'AF' "IERWN FERONTA DRAN 'AEI
TO TOIOUTON, KAI KRITHN 'AU CORWN KAI PASH$ MOUSIKH$ KAI
GUMNIKWN TE-KAI "IPPIKWN 'AQLWN 'EPISTATA$ KAI BRABEA$
KAI "APANTWN "OPOSA MH FEREI0 KERDO$ KATA THN 'ANQRWPINHN
DOXAN TW*I 'EPIORKOUNTI; TWN DE "OPOSA 'EXARNHQENTI KAI 'EXOMOSAMENWI,
KERDO$ MEGA FANERON 'EINAI DOKEI0, TAUTA DE DIA=
DIKWN "ORKWN CWRI$ KRINESQAI SUMPANTA$ TOU$ 'EPIKALOUNTA$0
'ALLHLOI$. KAI TO PARAPAN 'EN DIKHI TOU$ PROEDROU$ MH
<P 949B>
'EPITREPEIN MHTE 'OMNUNTI LEGEIN PIQANOTHTO$ CARIN MHTE
'EPARWMENON "EAUTWI KAI GENEI MHTE "IKETEIAI$ CRWMENON 'ASCHMOSIN
MHTE 'OIKTOI$ GUNAIKEIOI$, 'ALLA= TO DIKAION MET' 'EUFHMIA$
DIDASKONTA KAI MANQANONTA 'AEI DIATELEIN0, 'EI DE MH,
KAQAPER 'EXW TOU* LOGOU LEGONTO$, TOU$ 'ARCONTA$ PALIN
'EPANAGEIN 'EI$ TON PERI= TOU* PRAGMATO$ 'AEI LOGON. XENWI D'
'EINAI2 PRO$ XENOU$, KAQAPER TA NU*N, DECESQAI TE "ORKOU$ PAR'
<P 949C>
'ALLHLWN, 'AN2 'EQELWSI, KAI DIDONAI KURIW$ % 'OU-GAR KATAGHRASOUSIN2
'OUD' 'ENNEOTTEUONTE$ 'EN THI POLEI "W$ TO POLU
TOIOUTOU$ 'ALLOU$ KURIOU$ TH$ CWRA$ PAREXONTAI SUNTROFOU$ %
DIKWN TE PERI= LHXEW$ TON 'AUTON TROPON 'EINAI PRO$
'ALLHLOU$ PASI THN KRISIN.
"OSA TI$ 'ELEUQERO$ 'APEIQEI0 THI POLEI, MHT'-'OUN PLHGWN
'A=XIA MHD' 'AU DESMWN MHDE QANATOU, PERI= DE COREIA$ TINWN
FOITHSEWN 'H= POMPEUSEWN 'H= TOIOUTWN TINWN 'ALLWN KOINWN
<P 949D>
KOSMHSEWN 'H= LHITOURGIWN, "OPOSA PERI= QUSIA$ 'EIRHNIKH$ 'H=
POLEMIKWN 'EISFORWN "EINEKA, PANTWN TWN TOIOUTWN THN
PRWTHN 'ANAGKHN 'IATHN 'EINAI TH$ ZHMIA$, TOI$ DE MH PEIQOMENOI$
'ENECURASIAN TOUTOI$ "OI$ 'AN4 POLI$ "AMA KAI NOMO$
'EISPRATTEIN PROSTATTHI5, TWN DE 'APEIQOUNTWN0 TAI$ 'ENECURASIAI$
PRASIN TWN 'ENECURWN 'EINAI, TO DE NOMISMA GIGNESQAI
THI POLEI; 'EA=N DE ZHMIA$ DEWNTAI PLEIONO$, TA$ 'ARCA$
"EKASTA$ TOI$ 'APEIQOUSI4 TA$ PREPOUSA$ ZHMIA$ 'EPIBALLOUSA$
<P 949E>
'EISAGEIN 'EI$ TO DIKASTHRION, "EW$ 'AN4 'EQELHSWSI DRAN TO
PROSTACQEN.
POLEI DE, "HTI$ 'AN4 MHTE CRHMATIZHTAI PLHN TON 'EK GH$
CRHMATISMON MHT' 'EMPOREUHTAI, PERI= 'APODHMIA$ "EAUTWN 'EXW
TH$ CWRA$ KAI XENWN "UPODOCH$ 'ALLOQEN 'ANAGKH BEBOULEUSQAI
TI= CRH DRAN; SUMBOULEUEIN 'OUN TON NOMOQETHN DEI
TOUTWN PE=RI PRWTON PEIQONTA 'EI$ DUNAMIN. PEFUKEN0 DE
"H POLEWN 'EPIMEIXIA POLESIN 'HQH KERANNUNAI PANTODAPA,


<P 950A>
KAINOTOMIA$ 'ALLHLOI$ 'EMPOIOUNTWN0 XENWN XENOI$; "O= DH TOI$
MEN 'EU POLITEUOMENOI$ DIA= NOMWN 'ORQWN BLABHN 'AN4 FEROI
MEGISTHN PASWN, TAI$ DE PLEISTAI$ POLESIN, "ATE 'OUDAMW$
'EUNOMOUMENAI$, 'OUDEN DIAFEREI0 FURESQAI DECOMENOU$ TE 'AUTOI$
XENOU$ KAI 'AUTOU$ 'EI$ TA$ 'ALLA$ 'EPIKWMAZONTA$ POLEI$, "OTAN
'EPIQUMHSHI6 TI$ 'APODHMIA$ "OPHIOUN KAI "OPOTE, 'EI=TE NEO$ 'EI=TE-KAI
PRESBUTERO$ 'WN. TO D' 'AU MHTE 'ALLOU$ DECESQAI MHTE
'AUTOU$ 'ALLOSE 'APODHMEIN "AMA MEN 'OUK 'EGCWREI0 TO GE
<P 950B>
PARAPAN, 'ETI DE 'AGRION KAI 'APHNE$ FAINOIT' 'AN4 TOI$ 'ALLOI$
'ANQRWPOI$, 'ONOMASIN TE CALEPOI$ TAISIN LEGOMENAI$ XENHLASIAI$
CRWMENOU$ KAI TROPOI$ 'AUQADESI KAI CALEPOI$, "W$
DOKOIEN 'AN4; CRH DE 'OUPOTE PERI= SMIKROU POIEISQAI TO DOKEIN
'AGAQOU$ 'EINAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ 'H= MH DOKEIN. 'OU-GAR "OSON 'OUSIA$
'ARETH$ 'APESFALMENOI TUGCANOUSIN0 "OI POLLOI, TOSOUTON KAI
TOU* KRINEIN0 TOU$ 'ALLOU$ "OSOI PONHROI KAI CRHSTOI, QEION DE
TI KAI 'EUSTOCON 'ENESTI KAI TOISIN KAKOI$, "WSTE PAMPOLLOI
<P 950C>
KAI TWN SFO=DRA KAKWN 'EU TOI$ LOGOI$ KAI TAI$ DOXAI$ DIAIROUNTAI
TOU$ 'AMEINOU$ TWN 'ANQRWPWN KAI TOU$ CEIRONA$.
DIO KALON TAI$ POLLAI$ POLESI TO PARAKELEUMA 'ESTIN,
PROTIMAN THN 'EUDOXIAN PRO$ TWN POLLWN. TO MEN-GAR
'ORQOTATON KAI MEGISTON, 'ONTA 'AGAQON 'ALHQW$ "OUTW TON
'EUDOXON BION QHREUEIN, CWRI$ DE MHDAMW$ TON GE TELEON
'ANDRA 'ESOMENON, KAI-DH-KAI THI KATA KRHTHN 'OIKIZOMENHI
POLEI PREPON 'AN4 'EIH DOXAN PRO$ TWN 'ALLWN 'ANQRWPWN "OTI2
<P 950D>
KALLISTHN TE-KAI 'ARISTHN PARASKEUAZESQAI PRO$ 'ARETHN;
PASA D' 'ELPI$ 'AUTHN 'EK TWN 'EIKOTWN, 'ANPER KATA LOGON
GIGNHTAI, MET' 'OLIGWN "HLION 'OYESQAI KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ QEOU$
'EN TAI$ 'EUNOMOI$ POLESI KAI CWRAI$. "WDE 'OUN CRH POIEIN
PERI= 'APODHMIA$ 'EI$ 'ALLA$ CWRA$ KAI TOPOU$ KAI PERI= "UPODOCH$
XENWN. PRWTON MEN NEWTERWI 'ETWN TETTARAKONTA MH
'EXESTW 'APODHMHSAI0 MHDAMHI MHDAMW$, 'ETI TE 'IDIA\ MHDENI,
DHMOSIA\ D' 'ESTW2 KHRUXIN 'H= PRESBEIAI$ 'H=-KAI TISI QEWROI$;
<P 950E>
TA$ DE KATA POLEMON KAI STRATEIA$ 'APODHMIA$ 'OUK 'EN 'EKDHMIAI$
POLITIKAI$ 'AXION 'AGOREUEIN "W$ TOUTWN 'OUSA$. PUQWDE
TW*I 'APOLLWNI KAI 'EI$ 'OLUMPIAN TW*I DII KAI 'EI$ NEMEAN KAI
'EI$ 'ISQMON CRH PEMPEIN KOINWNOUNTA$ QUSIWN TE-KAI 'AGWNWN
TOUTOI$ TOI$ QEOI$, PEMPEIN DE 'EI$ DUNAMIN "OTI2 PLEISTOU$
"AMA KAI KALLISTOU$ TE-KAI 'ARISTOU$, "OITINE$ 'EUDOKIMON THN
POLIN 'EN "IERAI$ TE-KAI 'EIRHNIKAI$ SUNOUSIAI$ POIHSOUSI2


<P 951A>
DOKEIN, TOI$ PERI= TON POLEMON 'ANTISTROFON 'APODIDONTE$
DOXH$ PARASKEUHN, 'ELQONTE$ DE 'OIKADE DIDAXOUSI2 TOU$ NEOU$
"OTI4 DEU=TERA TA TWN 'ALLWN 'ESTI NOMIMA TA PERI= TA$ POLITEIA$.
QEWROU$ DE 'ALLOU$ 'EKPEMPEIN CREWN TOIOUSDE TINA$
TOU$ NOMOFULAKA$ PAREMENOU$; 'AN2 TINE$ 'EPIQUMWSI TWN
POLITWN TA TWN 'ALLWN 'ANQRWPWN PRAGMATA QEWRHSAI0 KATA
TINA PLEIW SCOLHN, 'APEIRGETW MHDEI$ TOUTOU$ NOMO$. 'OUTE-GAR
<P 951B>
'APEIRO$ 'OUSA POLI$ 'ANQRWPWN KAKWN KAI 'AGAQWN DUNAIT'
'AN4 POTE, 'ANOMILHTO$ 'OUSA, "HMERO$ "IKANW$ 'EINAI KAI TELEO$,
'OUD' 'AU TOU$ NOMOU$ DIAFULATTEIN 'ANEU TOU* GNWMHI LABEIN
'AUTOU$ 'ALLA= MH MONON 'EQESIN. 'EISI GAR 'EN TOI$ POLLOI$
'ANQRWPOI 'AEI QEIOI TINE$ % 'OU POLLOI % PANTO$ 'AXIOI SUGGIGNESQAI,
FUOMENOI 'OUDEN MALLON 'EN 'EUNOMOUMENAI$ POLESIN
'H=-KAI MH, "WN KAT' 'ICNO$ 'AEI CRH TON 'EN TAI$ 'EUNOMOUMENAI$
POLESIN 'OIKOUNTA, 'EXIONTA KATA QALATTAN KAI GHN, ZHTEIN
<P 951C>
"O$4 'AN4 'ADIAFQARTO$ 'HI, TA MEN BEBAIOUMENON TWN NOMIMWN,
"OSA KALW$ 'AUTOI$ KEITAI, TA D' 'EPANORQOUMENON, 'EI TI PARALEIPETAI.
'ANEU GAR TAUTH$ TH$ QEWRIA$ KAI ZHTHSEW$ 'OU
MENEI0 POTE TELEW$ POLI$, 'OUD' 'AN2 KAKW$ 'AUTHN QEWRWSIN.
KL _ PW*$ 'OUN 'AN4 GIGNOIT' 'AMFO=TERA:
AQ _ THIDE. PRWTON MEN "O QEWRO$ "O TOIOUTO$ "HMIN
GEGONW$-'ESTW PLEIONWN 'ETWN 'H= PENTHKONTA, 'ETI DE TWN
'EUDOKIMWN TA TE 'A=LLA KAI 'EI$ TON POLEMON 'ESTW-GEGENHMENO$,
<P 951D>
'EI MELLEI0 TO TWN NOMOFULAKWN DEIGMA 'EI$ TA$ 'ALLA$
MEQHSEIN POLEI$; PLEON DE "EXHKONTA GEGONW$ 'ETWN MHKETI
QEWREITW. QEWRHSA$ DE "OPOS' 'AN4 'ETH BOULHQHI TWN DEKA
KAI 'AFIKOMENO$ 'OIKADE, 'EI$ TON SULLOGON 'ITW TON TWN PERI=
NOMOU$ 'EPOPTEUONTWN0; "OUTO$ D' 'ESTW NEWN KAI PRESBUTERWN
MEMEIGMENO$, "EKASTH$ MEN "HMERA$ SULLEGOMENO$ 'EX 'ANAGKH$
'AP' 'ORQROU MECRIPER 'AN4 "HLIO$ 'ANASCHI6, PRWTON MEN TWN
"IEREWN TWN TA 'ARISTEI*A 'EILHFOTWN, 'EPEITA TWN NOMOFULAKWN
<P 951E>
TOU$ 'AEI PRESBEUONTA$ DEKA. 'ETI "O PERI= TH$ PAIDEIA$ PASH$
'EPIMELHTH$ "O TE NEO$ "OI TE 'EK TH$ 'ARCH$ TAUTH$ 'APHLLAGMENOI.
"EKASTO$ DE TOUTWN MH MONO$, 'ALL' 'ITW META NEOU
'APO TRIAKONTA 'ETWN MECRI TETTARAKONTA, TON 'ARESKONTA
"AUTWI PROSLAMBANWN. THN DE SUNOUSIAN 'EINAI TOUTOI$ KAI


<P 952A>
TOU$ LOGOU$ PERI= NOMWN 'AEI TH$ TE 'OIKEIA$ POLEW$ PE=RI, KAI
'EA=N 'ALLOQI PUNQANWNTAI TI PERI= TWN TOIOUTWN DIAFERON,
KAI-DH-KAI PERI= MAQHMATWN, "OPOS' 'AN4 'EN TAUTHI THI SKEYEI DOKHI5
SUMFEREIN MAQOUSI MEN 'EUAGESTERON GIGNESQAI, MH MAQOUSI
DE SKOTWDE=STERA TA PERI= NOMOU$ 'AUTOI$ FAINESQAI KAI
'ASAFH. "A D' 'AN4 TOUTWN 'EGKRINWSIN "OI GERAITEROI, TOU$
NEWTEROU$ PASHI SPOUDHI MANQANEIN, 'EA=N DE TI$ 'ANAXIO$ DOKHI5
TWN PARAKEKLHMENWN 'EINAI, TW*I PARAKALOUNTI0 MEMFESQAI TON
<P 952B>
SULLOGON "OLON; TOU$ D' 'EUDOKIMOUNTA$ TOUTWN TWN NEWN
FULATTEIN THN 'ALLHN POLIN, 'APOBLEPONTA$ 'EI$ 'AUTOU$
DIAFERONTW$ TE THROUNTA$, KAI TIMAN MEN KATORQOUNTA$,
'ATIMAZEIN DE MALLON TWN 'ALLWN, 'EA=N 'APOBAINWSI CEIROU$
TWN POLLWN. 'EI$ DH TOUTON TON SULLOGON "O QEWRHSA$
TA 'EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ NOMIMA 'AFIKOMENO$ 'EUQU$
POREUESQW, KAI 'EI TINA FHMHN TINWN PERI= QESEW$ NOMWN
'H= PAIDEIA$ 'H= TROFH$ "HUREN TINA$ 'ECONTA$ FRAZEIN, 'EI=TE-KAI
'AUTO$ NENOHKW$ 'ATTA "HKOI, KOINOUTW TW*I SULLOGWI "APANTI;
<P 952C>
KAI-'EANTE MHDEN CEIRWN MHDE TI BELTIWN "HKEIN DOXHI6, CARIN
GOUN TH$ SFO=DRA PROQUMIA$ 'AINEISQW, 'EA=N DE POLU BELTIWN,
POLU T' 'EPAINEISQW MALLON ZWN, TELEUTHSANTA TE TIMAI$
'AUTON PROSHKOUSAI$ "H TWN SULLEGOMENWN TIMATW DUNAMI$.
'EA=N DE DIEFQARMENO$ 'AFIKESQAI DOXHI6, MHDENI SUGGIGNESQW
MHTE NEWI MHTE PRESBUTERWI PROSPOIOUMENO$ 'EINAI SOFO$;
KAI 'EA=N MEN PEIQHTAI TOI$ 'ARCOUSIN4, 'IDIWTH$ ZHTW, 'EA=N DE
<P 952D>
MH, TEQNATW, 'EA=N G' 'EN DIKASTHRIWI "ALWI0 POLUPRAGMONWN TI
PERI= THN PAIDEIAN KAI TOU$ NOMOU$. 'EA=N DE 'AXION 'ONTA 'EI$
DIKASTHRION 'EISAGEIN 'ARCONTWN0 MHDEI$ 'EISAGHI5, 'ONEIDO$ 'APOKEISQW
TOI$ 'ARCOUSIN4 'EI$ THN TWN 'ARISTEIWN DIADIKASIAN.
"O MEN-'OUN 'EKDHMWN "OUTW KAI TOIOUTO$ 'WN 'EKDHMEITW,
TON D' 'EISEPIDHMHSANTA META TOUTON CRH FILOFRONEISQAI.
TETTARE$ D' 'EISI XENOI "WN DEI PE=RI LOGON TINA POIEISQAI;
"O MEN-DH PRWTO$ TE-KAI DIA= TELOU$ 'AEI QERINO$ "W$ TA POLLA
<P 952E>
DIATELWN0 TAI$ FOITHSESIN, KAQAPER "OI TWN 'ORNIQWN DIAPOREUOMENOI %
KAI TOUTWN "OI POLLOI KATA QALATTAN 'ATECNW$
"OION PETOMENOI CRHMATISMOU CARIN 'EMPOREUOMENOI 'ETOU$
"WRAN PETONTAI PRO$ TA$ 'ALLA$ POLEI$ % "ON 'AGORAI$ KAI LIMESI
KAI DHMOSIOI$ 'OIKODOMHMASIN 'EXW TH$ POLEW$ PRO$ THI POLEI
"UPODECESQAI CRH TOU$ 'EPI TOUTOI$ 'ARCONTA$ TETAGMENOU$,


<P 953A>
FULATTONTA$ MH NEWTERIZHI5 TI$ TI TWN TOIOUTWN XENWN, KAI
DIKA$ 'AUTOI$ 'ORQW$ DIANEMONTA$, 'ANAGKAI*A MEN, "W$ 'OLIGISTA
D' 'EPICRWMENOU$. "O DE DEUTERO$, 'OMMASIN 'ONTW$ QEWRO$ "OSA
TE MOUSWN 'WSI=N 'ECETAI QEWRHMATA; TW*I DH TOIOUTWI PANTI
CRH KATALUSEI$ PRO$ "IEROI$ 'EINAI FILOXENIAI$ 'ANQRWPWN
PARESKEUASMENA$, CRH DE-KAI TWN TOIOUTWN "IEREA$ TE-KAI
NEWKOROU$ 'EPIMELEISQAI KAI THMELEIN, "EW$ 'AN4 TON METRION
'EPIMEINANTE$ CRONON, 'IDONTE$ TE-KAI 'AKOUSANTE$ "WN CARIN 'AFIKONTO
<P 953B>
'ABLABEI$ TOU* DRASAI0 TE-KAI PAQEIN 'APALLATTWNTAI.
DIKASTA$ D' 'AUTOI$ 'EINAI TOU$ "IEREA$, 'EA=N 'ADIKHI5 TI$ 'AUTWN
TINA 'H= TIN' 'ALLON 'ADIKHI5 TI$ TOUTWN "OSA 'ENTO$ DRACMWN
PENTHKONTA, 'EA=N DE TI MEIZON 'EGKLHMA 'AUTOI$ GIGNHTAI, PRO$
TOI$ 'AGORANOMOI$ 'EINAI DEI DIKA$ TOI$ TOIOUTOI$. TRITON DE
XENON "UPODECESQAI CRH DHMOSIA\ TON KATA TI DHMOSION 'EX
'ALLH$ CWRA$ 'AFIGMENON; "ON STRATHGOI$ TE-KAI "IPPARCOI$
KAI TAXIARCOI$ "UPODEKTEON 'ESTIN MONOI$, THN T' 'EPIMELEIAN
<P 953C>
TWN TOIOUTWN META TWN PRUTANEWN POIHTEON 'EKEINWI PAR'
"OTWI TI$ 'AN4 'AUTWN THN KATALUSIN XENWQEI$ POIHSHTAI MONWI.
TETARTO$ DE, 'AN2 POTE TI$ 'AFIKHTAI, SPANIO$ MEN, 'AN2 D'-'OUN
POTE TI$ 'ELQHI6 TWN PAR' "HMIN QEWRWN 'ANTISTROFO$ 'EX 'ALLH$
CWRA$, PRWTON MEN 'ELATTON 'ETWN MHDEN PENTHKONTA GEGONW$-'ESTW,
PRO$ TOUTWI DE 'AXIWN TI KALON 'IDEIN TWN 'EN TAI$
'ALLAI$ POLESIN DIAFERON 'EN KALLONAI$ 'H=-KAI DEIXAI0 TI KATA
<P 953D>
'TAUTA 'ALLHI POLEI. 'ITW MEN NU*N PA$ 'AKELEUSTO$ "O TOIOUTO$
'EPI TA$ TWN PLOUSIWN KAI SOFWN QURA$, TOIOUTO$ "ETERO$
'AUTO$ 'WN; 'EPI GAR THN TOU* TH$ PAIDEIA$ 'EPIMELOUMENOU
PASH$ 'OIKHSIN 'ITW PISTEUWN "IKANW$ 'EINAI XENO$ TW*I TOIOUTWI
XENWI, 'H= THN TWN NIKHFORWN TINO$ 'EP' 'ARETHI, SUNWN DE
TOUTWN TISIN TO MEN DIDAXA$, TO DE MAQWN 'APALLATTESQW,
FILO$ PARA FILWN DWROI$ KAI TIMAI$ PREPOUSAI$ TIMHQEI$.
TOUTOI$ DH TOI$ NOMOI$ "UPODECESQAI TE CRH PANTA$ XENOU$
<P 953E>
TE-KAI XENA$ 'EX 'ALLH$ CWRA$ KAI TOU$ "AUTWN 'EKPEMPEIN,
TIMWNTA$ XENION DI=A, MH BRWMASI KAI QUMASI TA$ XENHLASIA$
POIOUMENOU$, KAQAPER POIOUSIN0 NU*N QREMMATA NEILOU, MHDE
KHRUGMASIN 'AGRIOI$.
'EGGUHN, "HN 'AN4 'EGGUATAI2 TI$, DIARRHDHN 'EGGUASQW, THN
PRAXIN PASAN DIOMOLOGOUMENO$ 'EN SUGGRAFHI KAI 'ENANTION
MARTURWN MH 'ELATTON TRIWN, "OSA 'ENTO$ CILIWN, TA D' "UPER


<P 954A>
CILIA$ MH 'ELATTON 'H= PENTE. 'EGGUHTH$ MEN-DH-KAI "O PROPWLWN
"OTIOUN TOU* MH 'ENDIKW$ PWLOUNTO$ 'H=-KAI MHDAMW$
'AXIOCREW; "UPODIKO$ D' 'ESTW KAI "O PROPWLWN KAQAPER "O
'APODOMENO$.
FWRAN DE 'AN2 'EQELHI5 TI$ PAR' "OTWIOUN, GUMNO$ 'H= CITWNISKON
'ECWN 'AZWSTO$, PROOMOSA$ TOU$ NOMIMOU$ QEOU$ 'H*-MHN 'ELPIZEIN
"EURHSEIN, "OUTW FWRAN; "O DE PARECETW THN 'OIKIAN, TA
TE SESHMASMENA KAI TA 'ASHMANTA, FWRAN. 'EA=N DE TI$
<P 954B>
'EREUNAN BOULOMENWI FWRAN MH DIDWI0, DIKAZESQAI MEN TON
'APEIRGOMENON, TIMHSAMENON TO 'EREUNWMENON, 'AN2 DE TI$ 'OFLHI6,
THN DIPLASIAN TOU* TIMHQENTO$ BLABHN 'EKTINEIN. 'EA=N DE
'APODHMWN 'OIKIA$ DESPOTH$ TUGCANHI5, TA MEN 'ASHMANTA PARECONTWN2
"OI 'ENOIKOUNTE$ 'EREUNAN, TA DE SESHMASMENA PARASHMHNASQW
KAI "ON 'AN4 'EQELHI5 FULAKA KATASTHSATW PENTE
"HMERA$ "O FWRWN; 'EA=N DE PLEIONA CRONON 'APHI5, TOU$ 'ASTUNOMOU$
PARALABWN "OUTW FWRATW, LUWN KAI TA SESHMASMENA,
<P 954C>
PALIN DE META TWN 'OIKEIWN KAI TWN 'ASTUNOMWN KATA 'TAUTA
SHMHNASQW.
TWN 'AMFISBHTHSIMWN CRONOU "ORO$, "ON 'EA=N TI$ 'HI-KEKTHMENO$,
MHKET' 'AMFISBHTEIN 'EXEINAI. CWRIWN MEN 'OIKHSEWN
TE THIDE 'OUK 'EST' 'AMFISBHTHSI$; TWN DE 'ALLWN "OTI2 'AN4 TI$
'EKTHMENO$-'HI, 'EA=N MEN KATA 'ASTU KAI KAT' 'AGORAN KAI "IERA
CRWMENO$ FAINHTAI KAI MHDEI$ 'EPILABHTAI, FHI5 DE ZHTEIN
TOUTON TON CRONON, "O DE MH 'APOKRUPTOMENO$ FANERO$ 'HI, 'EA=N
<P 954D>
"OUTW TI$ 'ENIAUTON "OTIOUN 'EKTHMENO$, "O DE ZHTWN DIAGENWNTAI,
MH 'EXESTW TOIOUTOU KTHMATO$ 'EPILABESQAI MHDEN' 'APELQONTO$
'ENIAUTOU. 'EA=N DE KAT' 'ASTU MEN MH MHDE KAT' 'AGORAN
CRHTAI2, KAT' 'AGROU$ DE FANERW$, MH PROSTUCH$ DE 'EN PENTE
'ETESIN GENHTAI TI$, TWN PENTE 'EXELQONTWN3 'ETWN, MHKETI TOU*
LOIPOU CRONOU 'EXESTW TOUTWI TOU* TOIOUTOU 'EPILABESQAI.
'EA=N DE KAT' 'OIKIA$ 'EN 'ASTEI TE TI$ CRHTAI2, TRIETH THN PROQESMIAN
<P 954E>
'EINAI, 'EA=N DE KAT' 'AGROU$ 'EN 'AFANEI KEKTH*TAI, DEKA
'ETWN, 'EA=N D' 'EN 'ALLODHMIA\, TOU* PANTO$ CRONOU, "OTAN 'ANEURHI6
POU, MHDEMIAN 'EINAI PROQESMIAN TH$ 'EPILHYEW$.
'EA=N TI$ TINA DIKHI PARAGENESQAI KWLUSHI6 BIA\, 'EI=TE 'AUTON
'EI=TE MARTURA$, 'EA=N MEN DOULON 'EI=TE "AUTOU 'EI=TE 'ALLOTRION,
'ATELH KAI 'AKURON GIGNESQAI THN DIKHN, 'EA=N DE 'ELEUQERON,


<P 955A>
PRO$ TW*I 'ATELH, DEQHNAI MEN 'ENIAUTON, "UPODIKON DE 'ANDRAPODISMOU
TW*I 'EQELONTI GIGNESQAI. 'EA=N DE 'ANTAGWNISTHN
GUMNASTIKH$ 'H= MOUSIKH$ 'H= TINO$ 'AGWNO$ "ETEROU DIAKWLUHI5
TI$ BIA\ MH PARAGIGNESQAI, FRAZETW MEN "O 'EQELWN TOI$
'AQLOQETAI$, "OI D' 'EI$ TON 'AGWNA 'ELEUQERON 'AFIENTWN2 TON
'EQELONTA 'AGWNIZESQAI; 'EA=N DE 'ADUNATHSWSIN, 'EA=N MEN "O
KWLUWN 'AGWNIZESQAI NIKHSHI6, TA TE NIKHTHRIA TW*I DIAKWLUQENTI
<P 955B>
DIDONAI KAI NIKHSANTA GRAFEIN 'EN "IEROI$ "OI$ 'AN4 'EQELHI5,
TW*I DE DIAKWLUSANTI MH 'EXESTW MHDEN 'ANAQHMA MHD' 'EPIGRAFHN
TOU* TOIOUTOU 'AGWNO$ POTE GENESQAI, BLABH$ DE "UPODIKO$
GIGNESQW, 'EANTE "HTTH*TAI 'AGWNIZOMENO$ 'EANTE-KAI NIKA*I2.
'EA=N TI$ KLEMMADION "OTIOUN "UPODECHTAI GIGNWSKWN, THN
'AUTHN "UPECETW DIKHN TW*I KLEYANTI; FUGADO$ DE "UPODOCH$
QANATO$ 'ESTW ZHMIA.
TON 'AUTON FILON TE-KAI 'ECQRON NOMIZETW PA$ THI POLEI;
<P 955C>
'EA=N DE TI$ 'IDIA\ POIHTAI PRO$ TINA$ 'EIRHNHN 'H= POLEMON 'ANEU
TOU* KOINOU, QANATO$ 'ESTW KAI TOUTWI ZHMIA; 'EA=N DE TI MERO$
TH$ POLEW$ 'EIRHNHN 'H= POLEMON PRO$ TINA$ "EAUTWI POIHTAI,
TOU$ 'AITIOU$ "OI STRATHGOI TAUTH$ TH$ PRAXEW$ 'EISAGONTWN2
'EI$ DIKASTHRION, 'OFLONTI DE QANATO$ 'ESTW DIKH.
TOU$ THI PATRIDI DIAKONOUNTA$ TI DWRWN CWRI$ CRH DIAKONEIN,
PROFASIN D' 'EINAI MHDEMIAN MHDE LOGON 'EPAINOUMENON,
"W$ 'EP' 'AGAQOI$ MEN DEI DECESQAI DWRA, 'EPI DE FLAUROI$
<P 955D>
'OU=; TO GAR GNWNAI0 KAI GNONTA KARTEREIN 'OUK 'EUPETE$,
'AKOUONTA DE 'ASFALESTATON PEIQESQAI TW*I NOMWI, MHDEN 'EPI
DWROISIN DIAKONEIN. "O DE MH PEIQOMENO$ "APLW$ TEQNATW
"ALOU$ THI DIKHI.
CRHMATWN 'EISFORA$ PE=RI TW*I KOINWI, TETIMHSQAI MEN
"EKASTON THN 'OUSIAN "ENEKA POLLWN CREWN KAI THN 'EPETEION
'EPIKARPIAN 'EN GRAMMASIN 'APOFEREIN 'AGRONOMOI$ FULETA$,
"OPW$ 'AN4 DUOIN 'OUSAIN TAIN 'EISFORAIN, "OPOTERA\ TO DHMOSION
<P 955E>
'AN4 CRHSQAI BOULHTAI, CRHTAI2, KAT' 'ENIAUTON "EKASTON BOULEUOMENWN,
'EANTE TOU* TIMHMATO$ "OLOU MEREI 'EANTE TH$ GENOMENH$
'EP' 'ENIAUTON "EKASTOTE PROSODOU, CWRI$ TWN 'EI$ TA SUSSITIA
TELOUMENWN0.
QEOISI DE 'ANAQHMATA CREWN 'EMMETRA TON METRION 'ANDRA
'ANATIQENTA DWREISQAI. GH MEN-'OUN "ESTIA TE 'OIKHSEW$ "IERA
PASI PANTWN QEWN; MHDEI$ 'OUN DEUTERW$ "IERA KAQIEROUTW
QEOI$. CRUSO$ DE-KAI 'ARGURO$ 'EN 'ALLAI$ POLESIN 'IDIA\ TE-KAI


<P 956A>
'EN "IEROI$ 'ESTIN 'EPIFQONON KTHMA, 'ELEFA$ DE 'APOLELOIPOTO$
YUCHN SWMATO$ 'OUK 'EUAGE$ 'ANAQHMA, SIDHRO$ DE-KAI
CALKO$ POLEMWN 'ORGANA; XULOU DE MONOXULON "OTI2 'AN4
'EQELHI5 TI$ 'ANATIQETW, KAI LIQOU "WSAUTW$ PRO$ TA KOINA
"IERA, "UFHN DE MH PLEON 'ERGON GUNAIKO$ MIA$ 'EMMHNON.
CRWMATA DE LEUKA PREPONT' 'AN4 QEOI$ 'EIH KAI 'ALLOQI KAI 'EN
"UFHI, BAMMATA DE MH PROSFEREIN 'ALL'-'H= PRO$ TA POLEMOU
<P 956B>
KOSMHMATA. QEIOTATA DE DWRA 'ORNIQE$ TE-KAI 'AGALMATA
"OSAPER 'AN4 'EN MIA*I ZWGRAFO$ "HMERA\ "EI$ 'APOTELHI5. KAI 'TALLA
'ESTW KATA TA TOIAUTA 'ANAQHMATA MEMIMHMENA.
"OTE DE MERH DIEIRHTAI TH$ POLEW$ SUMPASH$, "OSA TE-KAI
"A DEI GIGNESQAI, KAI NOMOI PERI= TWN SUMBOLAIWN 'EI$
DUNAMIN TWN MEGISTWN PE=RI PANTWN 'EIRHNTAI, TO LOIPON DH
DIKA$ 'AN4 'EIH CREWN GIGNESQAI. DIKASTHRIWN DE TO MEN
PRWTON "AIRETOI DIKASTAI GIGNOINT' 'AN4, "OU$ 'AN4 "O FEUGWN TE-KAI
<P 956C>
"O DIWKWN "ELWNTAI KOINHI, DIAITHTAI DIKASTWN 'TOUNOMA
MALLON PREPON 'ECONTE$; DEUTEROI DE KWMHTAI TE-KAI FULETAI,
KATA TO DWDEKATON MERO$ DIHIRHMENOI, 'EN "OI$, 'AN2 MH DIAKRIQWSIN
'EN TOI$ PRWTOI$, PERI= ZHMIA$ MEIZONO$ 'IONTWN2 'AGWNIOUMENOI,
"O DE FEUGWN, 'AN2 "HTTHQHI TO DEUTERON, TO PEMPTHMORION
'APOTINETW TOU* TIMHMATO$ TH$ GRAFEISH$ DIKH$. 'EA=N D'
'EGKALWN0 TI$ TOI$ DIKASTAI$ TO TRITON 'AGWNIZESQAI BOULHTAI,
<P 956D>
'AGETW MEN 'EPI TOU$ DIKASTA$ TOU$ 'EKLEKTOU$ THN DIKHN, 'EA=N DE
PALIN "HTTHQHI, THN "HMIOLIAN TOU* TIMHMATO$ 'APOTINETW. 'EA=N
DE "O DIWKWN "HTTHQEI$ 'EN TOI$ PRWTOI$ MH 'HREMHI5, 'EI$ DE TOU$
DEUTEROU$ 'IHI5, NIKHSA$ MEN-DH TO PEMPTON MERO$ 'APOLAMBANETW,
NIKHQEI$ DE 'APOTINETW 'TAUTON MERO$ TH$ DIKH$.
'EA=N D' 'EI$ TO TRITON 'ELQWSIN DIKASTHRION 'APEIQHSANTE$ TAI$
'EMPROSQEN DIKAI$, "O MEN FEUGWN "HTTHQEI$, "WSPER 'EIRHTAI,
THN "HMIOLIAN, "O DE DIWKWN THN "HMISEIAN TOU* TIMHMATO$
<P 956E>
'APOTINETW. KLHRWSEI$ DE DIKASTHRIWN KAI PLHRWSEI$, KAI
"UPHRESIWN "EKASTAI$ TWN 'ARCWN KATASTASEI$, KAI CRONOU$
'EN "OI$ "EKASTA GIGNESQAI CREWN, KAI DIAYHFISEWN PE=RI KAI
'ANABOLWN, KAI PANQ' "OPOSA TOIAUTA 'ANAGKAI*A PERI= DIKA$
GIGNESQAI, PROTERWN TE-KAI "USTERWN LHXEI$, 'APOKRISEWN TE
'ANAGKA$ KAI PARAKATABASEWN, KAI "OSA TOUTWN 'ADELFA SUMPANTA,
'EIPOMEN MEN-KAI PROSQEN, KALON DE TO GE 'ORQON KAI


<P 957A>
DI$ KAI TRI$. PANTA D'-'OUN "OPOSA SMIKRA KAI "RA&DIA NOMIMA
"EURISKEIN, PRESBUTOU NOMOQETOU PARALIPONTO$, TON NEON
'ANAPLHROUN0 CRH NOMOQETHN. TA MEN 'I=DIA DIKASTHRIA TAUTHI
PHI GIGNOMENA METRON 'AN4 'ECOI; TA DE DHMO=SIA KAI KOINA
KAI "OSOI$ 'ARCA$ DEI CRWMENA$ TA PROSHKONTA "EKASTHI TWN
'ARCWN DIOIKEIN, 'EST' 'EN POLLAI$ POLESIN 'OUK 'ASCHMONA
'EPIEIKWN 'ANDRWN 'OUK 'OLIGA NOMOQETHMATA, "OQEN NOMOFULAKA$
<P 957B>
CRH TA PREPONTA THI NU*N GENNWMENHI POLITEIA\ KATASKEUAZEIN
SULLOGISAMENOU$ KAI 'EPANORQOUMENOU$, TAI$ 'EMPEIRIAI$ DIABASANIZONTA$,
"EW$ 'AN4 "IKANW$ 'AUTWN "EKASTA DOXHI6 KEISQAI,
TO=TE DE TELO$ 'EPIQENTA$, 'AKINHTA "OUTW$ 'EPISFRAGISAMENOU$,
CRHSQAI TON "APANTA BION. "OSA DE PERI= TE SIGHN DIKASTWN
KAI 'EUFHMIA$ KAI 'TOUNANTION, KAI "OSA PARALLATTEI0 TWN POLLWN
'EN TAI$ 'ALLAI$ POLESIN DIKAIWN KAI 'AGAQWN KAI KALWN,
<P 957C>
TA MEN 'EIRHTAI, TA D' 'ETI PRO$ TW*I TELEI "RHQHSETAI. PRO$ "A
PANTA CRH TON MELLONTA DIKASTHN 'ISON 'ESESQAI KATA DIKHN
BLEPEIN TE-KAI KEKTHMENON GRAMMATA 'AUTWN PE=RI MANQANEIN;
PANTWN GAR MAQHMATWN KURIWTATA TOU* TON MANQANONTA
BELTIW GIGNESQAI TA PERI= TOU$ NOMOU$ KEIMENA, 'EIPER 'ORQW$
'EIH-TEQENTA, GIGNOIT' 'AN4, 'H= MATHN 'TOUNOMA NWI PROSHKON0
KEKTHIT' 'AN4 "O QEIO$ "HMIN KAI QAUMASTO$ NOMO$. KAI-DH-KAI
TWN 'ALLWN LOGWN "OSOI TE 'EN POIHMASIN 'EPAINOI KAI
<P 957D>
YOGOI PERI= TINWN LEGONTAI KAI "OSOI KATALOGADHN, 'EI=T' 'EN
GRAMMASIN 'EI=TE KAQ' "HMERAN 'EN TAI$ 'ALLAI$ PASAI$ SUNOUSIAI$
DIA= FILONIKIA$ TE 'AMFISBHTOUNTAI KAI DIA= SUGCWRHSEWN
'ESTIN "OTE KAI MALA MATAIWN, TOUTWN PANTWN 'AN4 BASANO$
'EIH SAFH$ TA TOU* NOMOQETOU GRAMMATA, "A DEI KEKTHMENON
'EN "AUTWI, KAQAPER 'ALEXIFARMAKA TWN 'ALLWN LOGWN, TON
'AGAQON DIKASTHN "AUTON TE 'ORQOUN0 KAI THN POLIN, TOI$ MEN
<P 957E>
'AGAQOI$ MONA$ TWN DIKAIWN KAI 'EPAUXHSIN PARASKEUAZONTA,
TOI$ DE KAKOI$ 'EX 'AMAQIA$ KAI 'AKOLASIA$ KAI DEILIA$ KAI
SULLHBDHN PASH$ 'ADIKIA$ 'EI$ TO DUNATON METABOLHN, "OSOI$
'IASIMOI DOXAI TWN KAKWN; "OISIN DE 'ONTW$ 'EPIKEKLWSMENAI,


<P 958A>
QANATON 'IAMA TAI$ "OUTW DIATEQEISAI$ YUCAI$ DIANEMONTE$,
"O= DIKAIW$ 'EIH POLLAKI$ 'AN4 'EIRHMENON, 'AXIOI 'EPAINOU GIGNOINT'
'AN4 THI PASHI POLEI TOIOUTOI DIKASTAI KAI DIKASTWN "HGEMONE$.
'EPEIDAN DE "AI KAT' 'ENIAUTON DIKAI TELO$ 'EKDIKASQEISAI
SCWSI, TAI$ PRAXESI NOMOU$ 'AUTWN CREWN GIGNESQAI TOUSDE;
PRWTON MEN "H DIKAZOUSA 'ARCH TA TOU* 'OFLONTO$ TW*I NIKHSANTI
CRHMATA PANTA 'APODIDOTW, CWRI$ TWN 'ANAGKAIWN KEKTHSQAI,
<P 958B>
META THN DIAYHFISIN "EKASTHN 'EUQU$ "UPO KHRUKO$, 'AKOUONTWN0
TWN DIKASTWN; 'EPEIDAN DE "O TWN DIKASIMWN MHNWN 'ECOMENO$
GENHTAI MHN, 'EA=N TI$ MH 'APALLATTHI5 TON NIKHSANTA "EKONTA
"EKWN, "H DIKASASA 'ARCH SUNEPOMENH TW*I NIKWNTI TA TOU*
'OFLONTO$ PARADIDOTW CRHMATA. 'EA=N DE MH 'ECWSIN "OPOQEN,
'ELLEIPHI5 DE MH 'ELATTON DRACMH$, MH PROTERON 'EINAI TOUTWI
DIKA$ PRO$ 'ALLON MHDENA, PRIN 'AN4 'EKPLHRWSHI6 TO CREO$
<P 958C>
"APAN TW*I NIKHSANTI; 'ALLOI$ DE PRO$ TOUTON 'ESTWSAN DIKAI
KURIW$. 'EA=N DE TI$ 'AFHIRH*TAI THN 'ARCHN THN KATADIKASASAN
KATADIKASQEI$, 'EISAGONTWN2 MEN 'AUTON 'EI$ TO TWN NOMOFULAKWN
DIKASTHRION "OI 'AFAIREQENTE$ 'ADIKW$, 'EA=N DE TI$
'OFLHI6 THN TOIAUTHN DIKHN, "W$ "OLHN THN POLIN KAI NOMOU$
FQEIRWN QANATWI ZHMIOUSQW.
'ANDRI DH TO META TOUTO GENNHQENTI KAI 'EKTRAFENTI, KAI
GENNHSANTI KAI 'EKQREYANTI TEKNA, KAI SUMMEIXANTI SUMBOLAIA
<P 958D>
METRIW$ DIDONTI TE DIKA$ 'EI TINA 'HDIKHKEI KAI PAR' "ETEROU
'EKLABONTI, SUN TOI$ NOMOI$ 'EN MOIRA\ GHRASANTI TELEUTH
GIGNOIT' 'AN4 KATA FUSIN. PERI= TELEUTHSANTA$ DH, 'EI=TE TI$
'ARRHN 'EI=TE TI$ QHLU$ 'HI, TA MEN PERI= TA QEI*A NOMIMA TWN TE
"UPO GH$ QEWN KAI TWN THIDE, "OSA PROSHKEI0 TELEISQAI0, TOU$
'EXHGHTA$ GIGNESQAI KURIOU$ FRAZONTA$; QHKA$ D' 'EINAI TWN
CWRIWN "OPOSA MEN 'ERGASIMA MHDAMOU, MHTE TI MEGA MHTE
<P 958E>
TI SMIKRON MNHMA, "A DE "H CWRA PRO$ TOUT' 'AUTO MONON
FUSIN 'ECEI0, TA TWN TETELEUTHKOTWN SWMATA MALISTA 'ALUPHTW$
TOI$ ZWSI4 DECOMENH KRUPTEIN, TAUTA 'EKPLHROUN0, TOI$
DE 'ANQRWPOI$ "OSA TROFHN MHTHR 'OUSA "H GH PRO$ TAUTA
PEFUKEN0 BOULESQAI FEREIN, MHTE ZWN MHTE TI$ 'APOQANWN
STEREITW TON ZWNQ' "HMWN. CWMA DE MH COUN0 "UYHLOTERON
PENTE 'ANDRWN 'ERGON, 'EN PENQ' "HMERAI$ 'APOTELOUMENON0;
LIQINA DE 'EPISTHMATA MH MEIZW POIEIN 'H= "OSA DECESQAI TWN
TOU* TETELEUTHKOTO$ 'EGKWMIA BIOU MH PLEIW TETTARWN "HRWIKWN


<P 959A>
STICWN. TA$ DE PROQESEI$ PRWTON MEN MH MAKROTERON CRONON
'ENDON GIGNESQAI TOU* DHLOUNTO$ TON TE 'EKTEQNEWTA KAI TON
'ONTW$ TEQNHKOTA, 'EIH D' 'AN4 SCEDON, "W$ 'TANQRWPINA, METRON
'ECOUSA TRITAI=A PRO$ TO MNHMA 'EKFORA. PEIQESQAI D' 'ESTI
TW*I NOMOQETHI CREWN TA TE 'A=LLA KAI LEGONTI YUCHN SWMATO$
'EINAI TO PAN DIAFEROUSAN, 'EN 'AUTWI TE TW*I BIWI TO PARECOMENON
"HMWN "EKASTON TOUT' 'EINAI MHDEN 'ALL'-'H= THN YUCHN,
<P 959B>
TO DE SWMA 'INDALLOMENON "HMWN "EKASTOI$ "EPESQAI, KAI
TELEUTHSANTWN0 LEGESQAI KALW$ 'EIDWLA 'EINAI TA TWN NEKRWN
SWMATA, TON DE 'ONTA "HMWN "EKASTON 'ONTW$, 'AQANATON 'EINAI
YUCHN 'EPONOMAZOMENON, PARA QEOU$ 'ALLOU$ 'APIENAI DWSONTA
LOGON, KAQAPER "O NOMO$ "O PATRIO$ LEGEI0 % TW*I MEN-GAR 'AGAQWI
QARRALEON, TW*I DE KAKWI MALA FOBERON % BOHQEIAN TE 'AUTWI
MHTINA MEGALHN 'EINAI TETELEUTHKOTI; ZWNTI GAR 'EDEI BOHQEIN
PANTA$ TOU$ PROSHKONTA$, "OPW$ "OTI2 DIKAIOTATO$ 'WN KAI
<P 959C>
"OSIWTATO$ 'EZH TE ZWN KAI TELEUTHSA$ 'ATIMWRHTO$ 'AN4 KAKWN
"AMARTHMATWN 'EGIGNETO TON META TON 'ENQADE BION. 'EK DE
TOUTWN "OUTW$ 'ECONTWN0 'OUDEPOTE 'OIKOFQOREIN CRH, DIAFERONTW$
NOMIZONTA TON "AUTOU TOUTON 'EINAI TON TWN SARKWN
'OGKON QAPTOMENON, 'ALL' 'EKEINON TON "UON 'H= 'ADELFON, 'H= "ONTINA
TI$ MALISQ' "HGEITAI POQWN QAPTEIN, 'OICESQAI PERAINONTA KAI
'EMPIMPLANTA THN "AUTOU MOIRAN, TO DE PARON DEIN 'EU POIEIN,
<P 959D>
TA ME=TRIA 'ANALISKONTA "W$ 'EI$ 'AYUCON CQONIWN BWMON; TO
DE METRION NOMOQETH$ 'AN4 MANTEUSAITO 'OUK 'ASCHMONESTATA.
'ESTW DH NOMO$ "OUTO$; TW*I MEN-DH TOU* MEGISTOU TIMHMATO$
'EI$ THN PASAN TAFHN 'ANALISKOMENA MH PLEON PENTE MNWN,
TW*I DE TOU* DEUTEROU TREI$ MNAI, KAI DUO TW*I TOU* TRITOU, MNA
DE TW*I TOU* TETARTOU METRON 'AN4 'ECOI TWN 'ANALWMATWN. NOMOFULAXI
DE POLLA TE 'A=LLA 'ANAGKH PRATTEIN KAI POLLWN
'EPIMELEISQAI, TOUTWN D' 'OUC "HKISTA, "OPW$ 'AN4 PAIDWN TE-KAI
<P 959E>
'ANDRWN KAI PASH$ "HLIKIA$ 'EPIMELOUMENOI ZWSI3, KAI-DH-KAI
PRO$ TO TELO$ "APANTWN NOMOFULAX "EI$ GE TI$ 'EPISTATHI5, "ON
'AN4 "OI TOU* TETELEUTHKOTO$ 'EPISKOPON 'OIKEIOI PARALABWSIN, "WI
KALON T' 'ESTW KALW$ KAI METRIW$ TA PERI= TON TETELEUTHKOTA
GIGNOMENA KAI MH KALW$ 'AISCRON. PROQESI$ DE-KAI 'TALLA
'ESTW MEN KATA TON PERI= TA TOIAUTA NOMON GIGNOMENA, TW*I
DE POLITIKWI NOMOQETOUNTI PARACWREIN CRH TA TOIADE; DAKRUEIN


<P 960A>
MEN TON TETELEUTHKOTA 'EPITATTEIN 'H= MH 'AMORFON, QRHNEIN
DE-KAI 'EXW TH$ 'OIKIA$ FWNHN 'EXAGGELLEIN 'APAGOREUEIN, KAI
TON NEKRON 'EI$ TO FANERON PROAGEIN TWN "ODWN KWLUEIN, KAI
'EN TAI$ "ODOI$ POREUOMENON FQEGGESQAI, KAI PRO "HMERA$ 'EXW
TH$ POLEW$ 'EINAI. TAUTA DH KEISQW TE "OUTW PERI= TA
TOIAUTA NOMIMA, KAI "O MEN PEIQOMENO$ 'ESTW ZHMIA$ 'EKTO$,
"O DE 'APEIQWN "ENI TWN NOMOFULAKWN "UPO PANTWN ZHMIOUSQW
<P 960B>
THI DOXASHI PASI KOINHI ZHMIA\. "OSAI D' 'ALLAI GIGNONTAI PERI=
TELEUTHSANTA$ TAFAI 'EI=TE-KAI 'ATAFOI PRAXEI$, PERI= PATROFONWN
KAI "IEROSULWN KAI TWN TOIOUTWN PANTWN, 'EIRHMENAI
'EN TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN KEINTAI DIA= NOMWN, "WSTE SCEDON "H NOMOQESIA
TELO$ 'AN4 "HMIN 'ECOI; TWN PANTWN D' "EKASTOTE TELO$ 'OU
TO DRASAI0 TI SCEDON 'OUDE TO KTHSASQAI KATOIKISAI0 T' 'ESTIN,
'ALLA= TW*I GENNHQENTI SWTHRIAN 'EXEURONTA TELEW$ 'AEI, TO=T'
'HDH NOMIZEIN PAN "OSON DEI PRACQHNAI PEPRACQAI, PROTERON
<P 960C>
D' 'ATELE$ 'EINAI TO "OLON.
KL _ KALW$, 'W* XENE, LEGEI$; PRO$ "OTI2 DE TO NU*N 'AU
"RHQEN 'EIRHTAI, FRAZ' 'ETI SAFESTERON.
AQ _ 'W* KLEINIA, POLLA TWN 'EMPROSQEN KALW$ "U=MNHTAI,
SCEDON DE 'OUC "HKISTA TA TWN MOIRWN PROSRHMATA.
KL _ POI*A DH:
AQ _ TO LACESIN MEN THN PRWTHN 'EINAI, KLWQW DE THN
DEUTERAN, THN 'ATROPON DH TRITHN SWTEIRAN TWN LECQENTWN5,
'APHIKASMENA THI TWN KLWSQENTWN5 TW*I PURI THN 'AMETASTROFON
<P 960D>
'APERGAZOMENWN DUNAMIN; "A DH-KAI POLEI KAI POLITEIA\ DEI
MH MONON "UGIEIAN KAI SWTHRIAN TOI$ SWMASI PARASKEUAZEIN,
'ALLA=-KAI 'EUNOMIAN 'EN TAI$ YUCAI$, MALLON DE SWTHRIAN TWN
NOMWN. "HMIN D' 'ETI MOI FAINESQAI DOKEI0 TOUT' 'ELLEIPON
TOI$ NOMOI$ 'EINAI, PW*$ CRH THN 'AMETASTROFON 'AUTOI$
'EGGIGNESQAI KATA FUSIN DUNAMIN.
KL _ 'OU SMIKRON LEGEI$, 'EIPER 'ESTI MH DUNATON "EUREIN
"OPHI GIGNOIT' 'AN4 PANTI KTHMA TI TOIOUTON.
<P 960E>
AQ _ 'ALL' 'ESTI MHN DUNATON, "W$ GE MOI TA NU*N PANTAPASI
KATAFAINETAI.
KL _ MH-TOINUN 'AFISTWMEQA MHDENI TROPWI, PRIN 'AN4
TOUT' 'AUTO 'EKPORISWMEQA TOI$ 'EIRHMENOI$ NOMOI$; GELOION
GAR TO GE MATHN PONHSANTA "OTIOUN 'EI$ MHDEN BEBAION
KATABALEIN2.
AQ _ 'ORQW$ PARAKELEUHI0, KAI 'EME TOIOUTON "EURHSEI$
'ALLON.
KL _ KALW$ DH LEGEI$. TI=$ 'OUN-DH, FH=I$ SWTHRIA
GIGNOIT' 'AN4 KAI TI=NA TROPON POLITEIA\ TE-KAI TOI$ NOMOI$
"HMIN:


<P 961A>
AQ _ 'A*R' 'OUK 'EIPOMEN "OTI4 DEI SULLOGON "HMIN 'EN THI
POLEI GIGNESQAI TOIONDE TINA: DEKA MEN TWN NOMOFULAKWN
TOU$ PRESBUTATOU$ 'AEI, TOU$ DE 'TARISTEIA 'EILHFOTA$ "APANTA$
DEIN 'EI$ 'TAUTO SULLEGESQAI TOUTOI$, 'ETI DE TOU$ 'EKDHMHSANTA$
'EPI ZHTHSIN 'EI TI POU PRO$ THN NOMOFULAKIAN GIGNOITO
"EN KAIRION 'AKOUSAI0 KAI SWQENTA$ 'OIKADE, DOXAI0, TOUTOI$
'AUTOI$ DIABASANISQENTA$, TOU* SULLOGOU 'AXIOKOINWNHTOU$
'EINAI; PRO$ TOUTOI$ DE "ENA "EKASTON DEIN PROSLAMBANEIN TWN
<P 961B>
NEWN, MH 'ELATTON 'H= TRIAKONT' 'ETH GEGONOTA, PRWTON DE
'AUTON KRINANTA 'EPAXION 'EINAI FUSEI KAI TROFHI, TON NEON
"OUTW$ 'EI$ TOU$ 'ALLOU$ 'EISFEREIN, KAI 'EA=N MEN DOXHI6 KAI TOI$
'ALLOI$, PROSLAMBANEIN, 'EI DE MH, 'APORRHTON 'EINAI THN
GEGONUIAN KRISIN TOI$ TE 'ALLOI$ DH-KAI MALIST' 'AUTWI TW*I
'APOKRIQENTI; DEIN DE 'ORQRION 'EINAI TON SULLOGON, "HNIK' 'AN4
TWN 'ALLWN PRAXEWN 'IDIWN TE-KAI KOINWN KAI MALIST' 'HI TI$
SCOLH PANTI. TOIOUTON TI POU LECQEN "HMIN 'H*N 'EN TOI$
<P 961C>
'EMPROSQEN LOGOI$:
KL _ 'H*N GAR-'OUN.
AQ _ TOUTOU DH PERI TOU* SULLOGOU PALIN 'ANALABWN
LEGOIM' 'AN4 TO TOIONDE. FHMI, 'EI TI$ TOUTON BA=LOITO2 "OION
'AGKURAN PASH$ TH$ POLEW$, PANTA 'ECOUSAN TA PROSFORA
"EAUTHI, SWIZEIN 'AN4 SUMPANTA "A BOULOMEQA.
KL _ PW*$ DH:
AQ _ TO META TOUTO "HMETERO$ 'AN4 KAIRO$ GIGNOITO 'ORQW$
FRAZONTA$ MHDEN 'APOLEIPEIN PROQUMIA$.
KL _ KAI MALA KALW$ 'EIPE$, POIEI5 Q' "WSPER KAI DIANOHI0.
<P 961D>
AQ _ CRH TOINUN, 'W* KLEINIA, PANTO$ PE=RI NOHSAI0 SWTHRA
TON 'EIKOTA 'EN "EKASTOI$ TWN 'ERGWN, "W$ 'EN ZWIWI YUCH KAI
KEFALH, TO GE MEGISTON, PEFUKATON.
KL _ PW*$ 'AU FH=I$:
AQ _ "H TOUTOIN 'ARETH DHPOU PANTI PARECEI0 ZWIWI SWTHRIAN.
KL _ PW*$:
AQ _ YUCHI MEN PRO$ TOI$ 'ALLOI$ NOU$ 'EGGIGNOMENO$,
KEFALHI D' 'AU PRO$ TOI$ 'ALLOI$ 'OYI$ KAI 'AKOH; SULLHBDHN
DE NOU$ META TWN KALLISTWN 'AISQHSEWN KRAQEI$, GENOMENO$
TE 'EI$ "EN, SWTHRIA "EKASTWN DIKAIOTAT' 'AN4 'EIH KALOUMENH0.
KL _ 'EOIKE0 GOUN.
<P 961E>
AQ _ 'EOIKE0 GAR. 'ALL' "O PERI= TI= NOU$ MET' 'AISQHSEWN
KRAQEI$ SWTHRIA PLOIWN 'EN GE CEIMWSIN KAI 'EN 'EUDIAI$ GIGNOIT'
'AN4: 'A*R' 'OUK 'EN NHI KUBERNHTH$ "AMA KAI NAUTAI TA$
'AISQHSEI$ TW*I KUBERNHTIKWI NWI SUGKERASAMENOI SWIZOUSIN0
"AUTOU$ TE-KAI TA PERI= THN NAUN:
KL _ TI= MHN:
AQ _ 'OUDEN DH POLLWN DEI0 TWN PERI= TA TOIAUTA PARADEIGMATWN;
'ALL' "OION PERI= STRATOPEDWN NOHSWMEN TI=NA
QEMENOI STRATHGOI SKOPON KAI 'IATRIKH "UPHRESIA PASA


<P 962A>
STOCAZOIT' 'AN4 TH$ SWTHRIA$ 'ORQW$. 'A*R' 'OUC "H MEN NIKHN
KAI KRATO$ POLEMIWN, "H DE 'IATRWN TE-KAI "UPHRETWN "UGIEIA$
SWMATI PARASKEUHN:
KL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
AQ _ 'IATRO$ DH TO PERI= SWMA 'AGNOWN, "O= PROSEIPOMEN
"UGIEIAN NU*N, 'H= NIKHN STRATHGO$ 'H= TWN 'ALLWN "OSA DH DIHLQOMEN,
'ESQ' "OPW$ 'AN4 NOUN PERI= TI TOUTWN 'AN4 'ECWN FAINOITO:
KL _ KAI PW*$:
AQ _ TI= DE-DH PERI= POLIN: 'EI TI$ TON SKOPON "OI*4 BLEPEIN
DEI TON POLITIKON FAINOITO 'AGNOWN, 'A*RA 'ARCWN MEN
<P 962B>
PRWTON DIKAIW$ 'AN4 PROSAGOREUOITO, 'EITA SWIZEIN 'AN4 DUNATO$
'EIH TOUTO "OU2 TON SKOPON TO PARAPAN MHD' 'EIDEIH:
KL _ KAI PW*$:
AQ _ DEI DH-KAI TA NU*N, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'EIPER MELLEI0 TELO$ "O
KATOIKISMO$ TH$ CWRA$ "HMIN "EXEIN, 'EINAI TI TO GIGNWSKON 'EN
'AUTWI PRWTON MEN TOUTO "O= LEGOMEN, TON SKOPON, "OSTI$ POTE
"O POLITIKO$ 'WN "HMIN TUGCANEI0, 'EPEITA "ONTINA TROPON DEI
METASCEIN TOUTOU KAI TI=$ 'AUTWI KALW$ 'H= MH SUMBOULEUEI0,
TWN NOMWN 'AUTWN PRWTON, 'EPEITA 'ANQRWPWN; 'EI D' 'ESTAI
<P 962C>
TOU* TOIOUTOU KENH TI$ POLI$, 'OUDEN QAUMASTON 'ANOU$ 'OUSA KAI
'ANAISQHTO$ 'EI PRAXEI2 TO PROSTUCON "EKASTOTE 'EN "EKASTAI$
TWN PRAXEWN.
KL _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
AQ _ NU*N 'OUN "HMIN 'EN TI=NI POTE TWN TH$ POLEW$ MERWN
'H= 'EPITHDEUMATWN 'ESTIN "IKANON KATESKEUASMENON "OTIOUN
TOIOUTON FULAKTHRION: 'ECOMEN FRAZEIN:
KL _ 'OU-DHTA, 'W* XENE, SAFW$ GE; 'EI D'-'OUN TOPAZEIN DEI,
DOKEI0 MOI TEINEIN "O LOGO$ "OUTO$ 'EI$ TON SULLOGON "ON 'EIPE$
NUNDH NUKTWR DEIN SUNIENAI.
<P 962D>
AQ _ KALLISQ' "UPELABE$, 'W* KLEINIA, KAI DEI DH TOUTON,
"W$ "O NU*N PARESTHKW$ "HMIN LOGO$ MHNUEI0, PASAN 'ARETHN
'ECEIN; "H$ 'ARCEI0 TO MH PLANASQAI PRO$ POLLA STOCAZOMENON,
'ALL' 'EI$ "EN BLEPONTA PRO$ TOUTO 'AEI TA PANTA "OION BELH
'AFIENAI.
KL _ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ NU*N DH MAQHSOMEQA "OTI4 QAUMASTON 'OUDEN PLANASQAI
TA TWN POLEWN NOMIMA, "OTI4 PRO$ 'ALLO 'ALLH BLEPEI0
TWN NOMOQESIWN 'EN THI POLEI "EKASTHI. KAI TA MEN POLLA
'OUDEN QAUMASTON TO TOI$ MEN TON "ORON 'EINAI TWN DIKAIWN
<P 962E>
"OPW$ 'ARXOUSI2 TINE$ 'EN THI POLEI, 'EI=T'-'OUN BELTIOU$ 'EI=TE
CEIROU$ TUGCANOUSIN0 'ONTE$, TOI$ D', "OPW$ PLOUTHSOUSIN2,
'EI=T'-'OUN DOULOI TINWN 'ONTE$ 'EI=TE-KAI MH, TWN D' "H PROQUMIA
PRO$ TON 'ELEUQERON DH BION "WRMHMENH; "OI DE-KAI
SUNDUO NOMOQETOUNTAI, PRO$ 'AMFW BLEPONTE$, 'ELEUQEROI TE
"OPW$ 'ALLWN TE POLEWN 'ESONTAI DESPOTAI, "OI DE SOFWTATOI,
"W$ 'OIONTAI, PRO$ TAUTA TE-KAI TA TOIAUTA SUMPANTA, 'EI$ "EN
DE 'OUDEN DIAFERONTW$ TETIMHMENON 'ECONTE$ FRAZEIN 'EI$ "O=
'TALL' 'AUTOI$ DEI BLEPEIN.


<P 963A>
KL _ 'OUKOU*N TO G' "HMETERON, 'W* XENE, 'ORQW$ 'AN4 'EIH PALAI
TIQEMENON: PRO$ GAR "EN 'EFAMEN DEIN 'AEI PANQ' "HMIN TA TWN
NOMWN BLEPONT' 'EINAI, TOUTO D' 'ARETHN POU SUNECWROUMEN
PANU 'ORQW$ LEGESQAI.
AQ _ NAI.
KL _ THN DE-GE 'ARETHN TETTARA 'EQEMEN POU.
AQ _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
KL _ NOUN DE-GE PANTWN TOUTWN "HGEMONA, PRO$ "ON DH TA
TE 'A=LLA PANTA KAI TOUTWN TA TRIA DEI BLEPEIN.
AQ _ KALLIST' 'EPAKOLOUQEI$, 'W* KLEINIA. KAI TA LOIPA
DH SUNAKOLOUQEI5. NOUN GAR-DH KUBERNHTIKON MEN-KAI 'IATRIKON
<P 963B>
KAI STRATHGIKON 'EIPOMEN 'EI$ TO "EN 'EKEINO "OI*4 DEI
BLEPEIN, TON DE POLITIKON 'ELEGCONTE$ 'ENTAUQ' 'ESMEN NU*N,
KAI KAQAPER 'ANQRWPON 'EPANERWTWNTE$ 'EIPOIMEN 'AN4; 'W*
QAUMASIE, SU DE-DH POI* SKOPEI$: TI= POT' 'EKEINO 'ESTI TO "EN,
"O= DH SAFW$ "O MEN 'IATRIKO$ NOU$ 'ECEI0 FRAZEIN, SU D' 'WN DH
DIAFERWN, "W$ FAIH$ 'AN4, PANTWN TWN 'EMFRONWN, 'OUC "EXEI$
'EIPEIN: 'H= SU GE, MEGILLE KAI KLEINIA, 'ECETON0 DIARQROUNTE$
"UPER 'AUTOU4 FRAZEIN PRO$ 'EME TI= POTE FATE0 'EINAI TOUTO,
<P 963C>
KAQAPER "UPER 'ALLWN 'EGW PRO$ "UMA$ SUCNWN DIWRIZOMHN:
KL _ 'OUDAMW$, 'W* XENE.
AQ _ TI= D' "OTI42 DEI PROQUMEISQAI TE SUNIDEIN 'AUTO KAI 'EN "OI$:
KL _ "OION 'EN TI=SI LEGEI$:
AQ _ "OION "OTE TETTARA 'EFHSAMEN 'ARETH$ 'EIDH GEGONENAI,
DHLON "W$ "EN "EKASTON 'ANAGKH FANAI, TETTARWN GE 'ONTWN0.
KL _ TI= MHN:
AQ _ KAI-MHN "EN GE "APANTA TAUTA PROSAGOREUOMEN. 'ANDREIAN
GAR FAMEN 'ARETHN 'EINAI, KAI THN FRONHSIN 'ARETHN,
<P 963D>
KAI TA DUO 'TALLA, "W$ 'ONTW$ 'ONTA 'OU POLLA 'ALL' "EN TOUTO
MONON, 'ARETHN.
KL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ "HI MEN-TOINUN DIAFERETON0 'AUTOIN TOUTW TW DUO
KAI DU' 'ONOMATA 'ELABETHN KAI 'TALLA, 'OUDEN CALEPON 'EIPEIN;
"HI DE "EN 'AMFOIN 'EPWNOMASAMEN, 'ARETHN, KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$, 'OUK
'EUPETE$ 'ETI.
KL _ PW*$ LEGEI$:
AQ _ 'OUDEN CALEPON "O= LEGW0 DHLWSAI0. DIANEIMWMEQA
GAR 'ALLHLOI$ THN 'ERWTHSIN KAI 'APOKRISIN.
KL _ PW*$ 'AU FRAZEI$:
<P 963E>
AQ _ 'ERWTHSON2 ME TI= POTE "EN PROSAGOREUONTE$ 'ARETHN
'AMFO=TERA, DUO PALIN 'AUTA PROSEIPOMEN, TO MEN 'ANDREIAN,
TO DE FRONHSIN. 'ERW2 GAR SOI4 THN 'AITIAN, "OTI4 TO MEN 'ESTIN
PERI= FOBON, "OU2 KAI TA QHRIA METECEI0, TH$ 'ANDREIA$, KAI TA
GE TWN PAIDWN 'HQH TWN PANU NEWN; 'ANEU GAR LOGOU KAI
FUSEI GIGNETAI 'ANDREI=A YUCH, 'ANEU DE 'AU LOGOU YUCH FRONIMO$
TE-KAI NOUN 'ECOUSA 'OUT' 'EGENETO PWPOTE 'OUT' 'ESTIN
'OUD' 'AUQI$ POTE GENHSETAI, "W$ 'ONTO$ "ETEROU.
KL _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.


<P 964A>
AQ _ "HI MEN-TOINUN 'ESTON0 DIAFORW KAI DUO, SU PAR'
'EMOU4 'APEILHFA$ TW*I LOGWI; "HI DE "EN KAI 'TAUTON, SU PALIN
'APODO$ 'EMOI4. DIANOOU DE "W$ 'ERWN2 KAI "OPHI TETTARA 'ONTA "EN
'ESTI, KAI 'EME DE 'AXIOU, SOU4 DEIXANTO$ "W$ "EN, PALIN "OPHI
TETTARA. KAI-DH TO META TOUTO SKOPWMEN TON 'EIDOTA "IKANW$
PERI= "WNTINWNOUN "OI$ 'ESTIN MEN 'ONOMA, 'ESTIN DE 'AU KAI
LOGO$ POTERON MONON 'EPISTASQAI 'TOUNOMA CREWN, TON DE
LOGON 'AGNOEIN, 'H= TON GE 'ONTA TI KAI PERI= TWN DIAFERONTWN0
<P 964B>
MEGEQEI TE-KAI KALLEI PANTA TA TOIAUTA 'AGNOEIN 'AISCRON.
KL _ 'EOIKEN0 GOUN.
AQ _ MEIZON DH TI NOMOQETHI TE-KAI NOMOFULAKI, KAI "O$4
'ARETHI PANTWN DIAFEREIN 'OIETAI KAI NIKHTHRIA TOUTWN 'AUTWN
'EILHFEN0, 'H= TAUTA 'AUTA PERI= "WN NU*N LEGOMEN, 'ANDREIA,
SWFROSUNH, DIKAIOSUNH, FRONHSI$:
KL _ KAI PW*$:
AQ _ TOUTWN DH PE=RI TOU$ 'EXHGHTA$, TOU$ DIDASKALOU$,
TOU$ NOMOQETA$, TWN 'ALLWN TOU$ FULAKA$, TW*I DEOMENWI
<P 964C>
GNWNAI0 TE-KAI 'EIDENAI, 'H= TW*I DEOMENWI KOLAZESQAI TE-KAI 'EPIPLHXAI0
"AMARTANONTI, POTERON 'OU DIDASKONTA "HN DUNAMIN 'ECEI0
KAKIA TE-KAI 'ARETH KAI PANTW$ DHLOUNTA, DIAFEREIN TWN
'ALLWN, 'ALL' 'H= POIHTHN TINA 'ELQONTA 'EI$ THN POLIN 'H= PAIDEUTHN
NEWN FASKONT' 'EINAI BELTIW FAINESQAI TOU* PASAN 'ARETHN
NENIKHKOTO$: 'EITA 'EN THI TOIAUTHI POLEI "OPOU MH LOGWI 'ERGWI
TE "IKANOI FULAKE$ 'EIEN, 'ARETH$ PE=RI GIGNWSKONTE$ "IKANW$,
QAUMASTON TI TAUTHN THN POLIN 'AFULAKTON 'OUSAN PASCEIN
<P 964D>
"A POLLAI PASCOUSI0 TWN NU*N POLEWN:
KL _ 'OUDEN GE, "W$ 'EIKO$.
AQ _ TI= 'OUN: "O= LEGOMEN NU*N POIHTEON "HMIN, 'H= PW*$: TOU$
FULAKA$ 'AKRIBESTEROU$ TWN POLLWN PERI= 'ARETH$ 'ERGWI KAI
LOGWI KATASKEUASTEON: 'H= TI=NA TROPON THI TWN 'EMFRONWN
KEFALHI TE-KAI 'AISQHSESIN "OMOIWQHSETAI "HMIN "H POLI$, "W$
TOIAUTHN TINA FULAKHN KEKTHMENH 'EN "AUTHI:
KL _ PW*$ 'OUN-DH-KAI TI=NA TROPON, 'W* XENE, 'APEIKAZONTE$
'AUTO TOIOUTWI TINI LEGOMEN:
<P 964E>
AQ _ DHLON "W$ 'AUTH$ MEN TH$ POLEW$ 'OUSH$ TOU* KUTOU$,
TWN DE FULAKWN TOU$ MEN NEOU$ "OION 'EN 'AKRA\ KORUFHI 'APEILEGMENOU$
TOU$ 'EUFUESTATOU$, 'OXUTHTA$ 'EN PASHI THI YUCHI
'ECONTA$, PERI= "OLHN KUKLWI THN POLIN "ORAN, FROUROUNTA$ DE
PARADIDONAI MEN TA$ 'AISQHSEI$ TAI$ MNHMAI$, TOI$ PRESBUTEROI$
DE 'EXAGGELOU$ GIGNESQAI PANTWN TWN KATA POLIN,


<P 965A>
TOU$ DE NWI 'APHIKASMENOU$ TW*I POLLA KAI 'A=XIA LOGOU DIAFERONTW$
FRONEIN, TOU$ GERONTA$, BOULEUESQAI, KAI "UPHRETAI$
CRWMENOU$ META SUMBOULIA$ TOI$ NEOI$, "OUTW DH KOINHI
SWIZEIN 'AMFOTEROU$ 'ONTW$ THN POLIN "OLHN. POTERON "OUTW
LEGOMEN 'H= PW$ 'ALLW$ DEIN KATASKEUAZESQAI: MWN "OMOIOU$
PANTA$ KEKTHMENOU$ KAI MH DIHKRIBWMENOU$ 'ESTIN "OU$
TRAFENTA$ TE-KAI PEPAIDEUMENOU$:
KL _ 'ALL', 'W* QAUMASIE, 'ADUNATON.
<P 965B>
AQ _ 'ITEON 'A=RA 'EPI TINA 'AKRIBESTERAN PAIDEIAN TH$
'EMPROSQEN.
KL _ 'ISW$.
AQ _ 'A*R'-'OUN "H$ DH NU*N SCEDON 'EFHYAMEQA, TUGCANOI 'AN4
'OUSA "H$ CREIAN 'ECOMEN "AU=TH:
KL _ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ 'OUKOU*N 'ELEGOMEN TON GE PRO$ "EKASTA 'AKRON DHMIOURGON
TE-KAI FULAKA MH MONON DEIN PRO$ TA POLLA BLEPEIN
DUNATON 'EINAI, PRO$ DE TO "EN 'EPEIGESQAI GNWNAI0 TE-KAI GNONTA
PRO$ 'EKEINO SUNTAXASQAI PANTA SUNORWNTA:
KL _ 'ORQW$.
<P 965C>
AQ _ 'A*R'-'OUN 'AKRIBESTE=RA SKEYI$ QE=A TE 'AN4 PERI= "OTOUOUN
"OTWIOUN GIGNOITO 'H= TO PRO$ MIAN 'IDEAN 'EK TWN POLLWN KAI
'ANOMOIWN DUNATON 'EINAI BLEPEIN:
KL _ 'ISW$.
AQ _ 'OUK 'ISW$, 'ALL' 'ONTW$, 'W* DAIMONIE, TAUTH$ 'OUK 'ESTIN
SAFESTE=RA MEQODO$ 'ANQRWPWN 'OUDENI.
KL _ SOI4 PISTEUWN, 'W* XENE, SUGCWRW0 DH, KAI TAUTHI
POREUWMEQA LEGONTE$.
AQ _ 'ANAGKASTEON 'A=R', "W$ 'EOIKEN0, KAI TOU$ TH$ QEIA$
POLITEIA$ "HMIN FULAKA$ 'AKRIBW$ 'IDEIN PRWTON TI= POTE DIA=
<P 965D>
PANTWN TWN TETTARWN 'TAUTON TUGCANEI0, "O= DH FAMEN 'EN TE
'ANDREIA\ KAI SWFROSUNHI KAI DIKAIOSUNHI KAI 'EN FRONHSEI "EN
'ON, 'ARETHN "ENI DIKAIW$ 'AN4 'ONOMATI PROSAGOREUESQAI. TOUTO,
'W* FILOI, 'EI MEN BOULOMEQA, TA NU*N "OIONPER SFO=DRA PIESANTE$
MH 'ANWMEN, PRIN 'AN4 "IKANW$ 'EIPWMEN TI= POT' 'ESTIN 'EI$ "O=
BLEPTEON, 'EI=TE "W$ "EN 'EI=TE "W$ "OLON 'EI=TE 'AMFO=TERA 'EI=TE "OPW$
POTE PEFUKEN0; 'H= TOUTOU DIAFUGONTO$ "HMA$, 'OIOMEQA POTE
<P 965E>
"HMIN "IKANW$ "EXEIN TA PRO$ 'ARETHN, PERI= "H$ 'OUT' 'EI POLLA
'EST' 'OUT' 'EI TETTARA 'OUQ' "W$ "EN DUNATOI FRAZEIN 'ESOMEQA:
'OU=KOUN 'EA=N GE "HMIN SUMBOULOI$ PEIQWMEQA2, 'ALLW$ DE PW$
MHCANHSOMEQA 'EN THI POLEI 'EGGEGONENAI TOUQ' "HMIN; 'EI D'-'A=RA
TO PARAPAN DOKEI0 'EA*N, "ORAN DH CREWN.
KL _ "HKISTA, NH TON XENION, 'W* XENE, QEON, 'EATEON POU TO
TOIOUTON, 'EPEI DOKEI$ "HMIN 'ORQOTATA LEGEIN. 'ALLA=-DH PW*$
TI$ TOUT' 'AN4 MHCANWITO:


<P 966A>
AQ _ MHPW TO PW*$ 'AN4 MHCANHSAIMEQA LEGWMEN; 'EI DEI
DE 'H= MH, PRWTON BEBAIWSWMEQA THI SUNOMOLOGIA\ PRO$
"HMA$-'AUTOU$.
KL _ 'ALLA=-MHN DEI GE, 'EIPER DUNATON.
AQ _ TI= DE-DH: PERI= KALOU TE-KAI 'AGAQOU 'TAUTON TOUTO
DIANOOUMEQA: "W$ POLL' 'ESTIN MONON "EKASTON TOUTWN TOU$
FULAKA$ "HMIN GNWSTEON, 'H=-KAI "OPW$ "EN TE-KAI "OPHI:
KL _ SCEDON 'EOIK'0 'EX 'ANAGKH$ DEIN KAI "OPW$ "EN
DIANOEISQAI.
<P 966B>
AQ _ TI= D', 'ENNOEIN MEN, THN DE 'ENDEIXIN TW*I LOGWI 'ADUNATEIN
'ENDEIKNUSQAI:
KL _ KAI PW*$: 'ANDRAPODOU GAR TINA SU LEGEI$ "EXIN.
AQ _ TI= DE: PERI= PANTWN TWN SPOUDAIWN 'A*R' "HMIN "AUTO$
LOGO$, "OTI4 DEI TOU$ 'ONTW$ FULAKA$ 'ESOMENOU$ TWN NOMWN
'ONTW$ 'EIDENAI TA PERI= THN 'ALHQEIAN 'AUTWN, KAI LOGWI TE
"IKANOU$ "ERMHNEUEIN 'EINAI KAI TOI$ 'ERGOI$ SUNAKOLOUQEIN,
KRINONTA$ TA TE KALW$ GIGNOMENA KAI TA MH KATA FUSIN:
KL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
<P 966C>
AQ _ MWN-'OUN 'OUC "EN TWN KALLISTWN 'ESTIN TO PERI= TOU$
QEOU$, "O= DH SPOUDHI DIEPERANAMEQA, "W$ 'EISIN TE-KAI "OSH$
FAINONTAI KURIOI DUNAMEW$, 'EIDENAI TE 'EI$ "OSON DUNATON
'ESTIN TAUT' 'ANQRWPON GIGNWSKEIN, KAI TOI$ MEN PLEISTOI$
TWN KATA POLIN SUGGIGNWSKEIN THI FHMHI MONON TWN NOMWN
SUNAKOLOUQOUSIN4, TOI$ DE FULAKH$ MEQEXOUSIN5 MHDE 'EPITREPEIN,
"O$4 'AN4 MH DIAPONHSHTAI TO PASAN PISTIN LABEIN
TWN 'OUSWN PERI= QEWN: THN DE MH 'EPITROPHN 'EINAI TO MHDEPOTE
<P 966D>
TWN NOMOFULAKWN "AIREISQAI TON MH QEION KAI DIAPEPONHKOTA
PRO$ 'AUTA, MHD' 'AU TWN PRO$ 'ARETHN 'EGKRITON
GIGNESQAI:
KL _ DIKAION GOUN, "W$ LEGEI$, TON PERI= TA TOIAUTA 'ARGON
'H= 'ADUNATON 'APOKRINESQAI PORRW TWN KALWN.
AQ _ 'A*RA-'OUN 'ISMEN "OTI4 DU' 'ESTON0 TW PERI= QEWN 'AGONTE
'EI$ PISTIN, "OSA DIHLQOMEN 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN:
KL _ POI*A:
AQ _ "EN MEN "O= PERI= THN YUCHN 'ELEGOMEN, "W$ PRESBUTATON
<P 966E>
TE-KAI QEIOTATON 'ESTIN PANTWN "WN KINHSI$ GENESIN
PARALABOUSA 'AENAON 'OUSIAN 'EPORISEN; "EN DE TO PERI= THN
FORAN, "W$ 'ECEI0 TAXEW$, 'ASTRWN TE-KAI "OSWN 'ALLWN 'EGKRATH$
NOU$ 'ESTIN TO PAN DIAKEKOSMHKW$. "O GAR 'IDWN TAUTA MH
FAULW$ MHD' 'IDIWTIKW$, 'OUDEI$ "OUTW$ 'AQEO$ 'ANQRWPWN POTE
PEFUKEN0, "O$4 'OU 'TOUNANTION 'EPAQEN 'H= TO PROSDOKWMENON "UPO


<P 967A>
TWN POLLWN. "OI MEN-GAR DIANOOUNTAI TOU$ TA TOIAUTA METACEIRISAMENOU$
'ASTRONOMIA\ TE-KAI TAI$ META TAUTH$ 'ANAGKAIAI$
'ALLAI$ TECNAI$ 'AQEOU$ GIGNESQAI, KAQEWRAKOTA$ "W$ "OION-TE
GIGNOMENA 'ANAGKAI$ PRAGMAT' 'ALL' 'OU DIANOIAI$ BOULHSEW$
'AGAQWN PE=RI TELOUMENWN20.
KL _ TO DE-DH PW*$ 'ECON 'AN4 'EIH:
AQ _ PAN, "OPER 'EIPON, 'TOUNANTION 'ECEI0 NU*N TE-KAI "OTE
'AYUCA 'AUTA "OI DIANOOUMENOI DIENOOUNTO. QAUMATA MEN-'OUN-KAI
<P 967B>
TO=TE "UPEDUETO PERI= 'AUTA, KAI "UPWPTEUETO TO NU*N 'ONTW$
DEDOGMENON, "OSOI TH$ 'AKRIBEIA$ 'AUTWN "HPTONTO, "OPW$ MHPOT'
'AN4 'AYUCA 'ONTA "OUTW$ 'EI$ 'AKRIBEIAN QAUMASTOI$ LOGISMOI$ 'AN4
'ECRHTO, NOUN MH KEKTHMENA; KAI TINE$ 'ETOLMWN TOUTO GE
'AUTO PARAKINDUNEUEIN KAI TO=TE, LEGONTE$ "W$ NOU$ 'EIH "O
DIAKEKOSMHKW$ PANQ' "OSA KAT' 'OURANON. "OI DE 'AUTOI PALIN
"AMARTANONTE$ YUCH$ FUSEW$ "OTI4 PRESBUTERON 'EIH SWMATWN,
<P 967C>
DIANOHQENTE$ DE "W$ NEWTERON, "APANQ' "W$ 'EIPEIN 'EPO$ 'ANETREYAN
PALIN, "EAUTOU$ DE POLU MALLON; TO GAR-DH PRO TWN
'OMMATWN, PANTA 'AUTOI$ 'EFANH, TA KAT' 'OURANON FEROMENA,
MESTA 'EINAI LIQWN KAI GH$ KAI POLLWN 'ALLWN 'AYUCWN
SWMATWN DIANEMONTWN0 TA$ 'AITIA$ PANTO$ TOU* KOSMOU. TAUT'
'H*N TA TO=TE 'EXEIRGASMENA POLLA$ 'AQEOTHTA$ KAI DUSCEREIA$
TWN TOIOUTWN "APTESQAI, KAI-DH-KAI LOIDORHSEI$ GE 'EPHLQON
POIHTAI$, TOU$ FILOSOFOUNTA$ KUSI MATAIAI$ 'APEIKAZONTA$
<P 967D>
CRWMENAISIN "ULAKAI$, 'A=LLA TE 'AU 'ANOHT' 'EIPEIN; NU*N DE, "OPER
'EIRHTAI, PAN 'TOUNANTION 'ECEI0.
KL _ PW*$:
AQ _ 'OUK 'ESTIN2 POTE GENESQAI BEBAIW$ QEOSEBH QNHTWN
'ANQRWPWN 'OUDENA, "O$4 'AN4 MH TA LEGOMENA TAUTA NU*N DUO LABHI6,
YUCH TE "W$ 'ESTIN PRESBUTATON "APANTWN "OSA GONH$ METEILHFEN0,
'AQANATON TE, 'ARCEI0 TE-DH SWMATWN PANTWN, 'EPI DE
TOUTOISI DH, TO NU*N 'EIRHMENON POLLAKI$, TON TE 'EIRHMENON
<P 967E>
'EN TOI$ 'ASTROI$ NOUN TWN 'ONTWN0 TA TE PRO TOUTWN 'ANAGKAI*A
MAQHMATA LABHI6, TA TE KATA THN MOUSAN TOUTOI$ TH$ KOINWNIA$
SUNQEASAMENO$, CRHSHTAI PRO$ TA TWN 'HQWN 'EPITHDEUMATA KAI
NOMIMA SUNARMOTTONTW$, "OSA TE LOGON 'ECEI0, TOUTWN DUNATO$


<P 968A>
'HI DOUNAI0 TON LOGON; "O DE MH TAUQ' "OIO$-T'-'WN PRO$ TAI$
DHMOSIAI$ 'ARETAI$ KEKTHSQAI SCEDON 'ARCWN MEN 'OUK 'AN4
POTE GENOITO "IKANO$ "OLH$ POLEW$, "UPHRETH$ D' 'AN4 'ALLOI$
'ARCOUSIN4. "ORAN DH CREWN NU*N, 'W* KLEINIA KAI MEGILLE, 'HDH
PRO$ TOI$ 'EIRHMENOI$ NOMOI$ "APASIN "OSOU$ DIELHLUQAMEN 'EI
KAI TOUTON PROSOISOMEN, "W$ FULAKHN 'ESOMENON KATA NOMON
CARIN SWTHRIA$ TON TWN 'ARCONTWN0 NUKTERINON SULLOGON,
<P 968B>
PAIDEIA$ "OPOSH$ DIELHLUQAMEN KOINWNON GENOMENON; 'H= PW*$
POIWMEN:
KL _ 'ALL', 'W* LWISTE, PW*$ 'OU PROSOISOMEN, 'AN2 PHI KAI
KATA BRACU DUNHQWMEN:
AQ _ KAI-MHN PRO$ GE TO TOIOUTON "AMILLHQWMEN PANTE$.
SULLHPTWR GAR TOUTOU GE "UMIN KAI 'EGW GIGNOIMHN 'AN4 PROQUMW$ %
PRO$ D' 'EMOI4 KAI "ETEROU$ 'ISW$ "EURHSW2 % DIA= THN PERI=
TA TOIAUT' 'EMPEIRIAN TE-KAI SKEYIN GEGONUIAN MOI KAI MALA
SUCNHN.
KL _ 'ALL', 'W* XENE, PANTO$ MEN MALLON TAUTHI POREUTEON
"HIPER KAI "O QEO$ "HMA$ SCEDON 'AGEI0; TI=$ DE "O TROPO$ "HMIN
<P 968C>
GIGNOMENO$ 'ORQW$ GIGNOIT' 'AN4, TOUTO DH TA NU*N LEGWMEN TE-KAI
'EREUNWMEN2.
AQ _ 'OUKETI NOMOU$, 'W* MEGILLE KAI KLEINIA, PERI= TWN
TOIOUTWN DUNATON 'ESTIN NOMOQETEIN, PRIN 'AN4 KOSMHQHI % TO=TE
DE KURIOU$ "WN 'AUTOU$ DEI GIGNESQAI NOMOQETEIN % 'ALLA= 'HDH
TO TA TOIAUTA KATASKEUAZON DIDACH META SUNOUSIA$ POLLH$
GIGNOIT' 'AN4, 'EI GIGNOITO 'ORQW$.
KL _ PW*$: TI= TOUTO 'EIRHSQAI FWMEN 'AU:
AQ _ PRWTON MEN-DHPOU KATALEKTEO$ 'AN4 'EIH KATALOGO$
<P 968D>
TWN "OSOI 'EPITHDEIOI PRO$ THN TH$ FULAKH$ FUSIN 'AN4 'EIEN
"HLIKIAI$ TE-KAI MAQHMATWN DUNAMESIN KAI TROPWN 'HQESIN KAI
'EQESIN; META DE TOUTO, "A DEI MANQANEIN 'OUTE "EUREIN "RA\DION
'OUTE "HURHKOTO$ 'ALLOU MAQHTHN GENESQAI. PRO$ TOUTOI$ DE
CRONOU$, "OU$ TE-KAI 'EN "OI$ DEI PARALAMBANEIN "EKASTA, MATAION
TAUT' 'EN GRAMMASIN LEGEIN; 'OUDE-GAR 'AUTOI$ TOI$ MANQANOUSI4
<P 968E>
DHLA GIGNOIT' 'AN4 "OTI42 PRO$ KAIRON MANQANETAI, PRIN 'ENTO$ TH$
YUCH$ "EKASTWI POU MAQHMATO$ 'EPISTHMHN GEGONENAI. "OUTW
DH PANTA TA PERI= TAUTA 'APORRHTA MEN LECQENTA 'OUK 'AN4 'ORQW$
LEGOITO, 'APRORRHTA DE DIA= TO MHDEN PRORRHQENTA DHLOUN0 TWN
LEGOMENWN.
KL _ TI= 'OUN-DH POIHTEON 'ECONTWN TOUTWN "OUTW$, 'W* XENE:
AQ _ TO LEGOMENON, 'W* FILOI, 'EN KOINWI KAI MESWI 'EOIKEN0
"HMIN KEISQAI, KAI 'EIPER KINDUNEUEIN PERI= TH$ POLITEIA$ 'EQELOMEN
SUMPASH$, 'H= TRI$ "EX, FASIN0, 'H= TREI$ KUBOU$ BALLONTE$,


<P 969A>
TAUTA POIHTEON, 'EGW D' "UMIN SUGKINDUNEUSW2 TW*I FRAZEIN TE-KAI
'EXHGEISQAI TA GE DEDOGMENA 'EMOI4 PERI= TH$ PAIDEIA$ TE-KAI
TROFH$ TH$ NU*N 'AU KEKINHMENH$ TOI$ LOGOI$; TO MENTOI KINDUNEUMA
'OU SMIKRON 'OUD' "ETEROI$ TISIN PROSFERE$ 'AN4 'EIH. SOI4
DH TOUTO GE, 'W* KLEINIA, MELEIN PARAKELEUOMAI; SU GAR THN
MAGNHTWN POLIN, 'H= "WI 'AN4 QEO$ 'EPWNUMON 'AUTHN POIHSHI6, KLEO$
'ARHI2 MEGISTON KATASKEUASA$ 'AUTHN 'ORQW$, 'H= TO GE 'ANDREIOTATO$
<P 969B>
'EINAI DOKEIN TWN "USTERON 'EPIGIGNOMENWN 'OUK 'EKFEUXHI2
POTE. 'EA=N GE-MHN "OUTO$ "HMIN "O QEIO$ GENHTAI SULLOGO$, 'W*
FILOI "ETAIROI, PARADOTEON TOUTWI THN POLIN, 'AMFISBHTHSI$
TE 'OUK 'EST' 'OUDEMIA 'OUDENI TWN NU*N PARA TAUQ' "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN
NOMOQETWN, 'ONTW$ DE 'ESTAI SCEDON "UPAR 'APOTETELESMENON
"OU2 SMIKRWI PROSQEN 'ONEIRATO$ "W=$ TW*I LOGWI 'EFHYAMEQA,
KEFALH$ NOU TE KOINWNIA$ 'EIKONA TINA PW$ SUMMEIXANTE$,
'EA=N 'A=RA "HMIN "OI TE 'ANDRE$ 'AKRIBW$ 'EKLECQWSI, PAIDEUQWSI TE
<P 969C>
PROSHKONTW$, PAIDEUQENTE$ TE 'EN 'AKROPOLEI TH$ CWRA$ KATOIKHSANTE$,
FULAKE$ 'APOTELESQWSIN "OIOU$ "HMEI$ 'OUK 'EIDOMEN 'EN
TW*I PROSQEN BIWI PRO$ 'ARETHN SWTHRIA$ GENOMENOU$.
ME _ 'W* FILE KLEINIA, 'EK TWN NU*N "HMIN 'EIRHMENWN "APANTWN
'H= THN POLIN 'EATEON TH$ KATOIKISEW$ 'H= TON XENON TONDE 'OUK
'AFETEON, 'ALLA= DEHSESIN KAI MHCANAI$ PASAI$ KOINWNON
POIHTEON 'EPI THN TH$ POLEW$ KATOIKISIN.
<P 969D>
KL _ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$, 'W* MEGILLE, KAI 'EGW POIHSW2
TAUQ' "OUTW$ KAI SU7 SULLAMBANE.
ME _ SULLHYOMAI.


<B EPIN>


<P 973A>
KL _ PRO$ MEN TO TH$ "OMOLOGIA$ "HKOMEN "APANTE$ 'ORQW$,
'W* XENE, TREI$ 'ONTE$, 'EGW KAI SU KAI MEGILLO$ "ODE, TO TH$
FRONHSEW$ 'EPISKEYOMENOI TI=NI POTE CRH LOGWI DIEXELQEIN, "O=
THN 'ANQRWPINHN "EXIN FAMEN, "OTAN DIANOHQHI, KALLIST' 'ECEIN
POIEIN PRO$ FRONHSIN "OSHN DUNATON 'ANQRWPWI SCEIN. TA MEN-GAR
<P 973B>
'A=LLA, "W$ FAMEN "APANTA DIEXHLQOMEN "OSA 'H*N PERI= NOMWN
QESIN; "O= DE MEGISTON "EUREIN TE-KAI 'EIPEIN, TI= POTE MAQWN
QNHTO$ 'ANQRWPO$ SOFO$ 'AN4 'EIH, TOUTO 'OUTE 'EIPOMEN 'OUTE
"HUROMEN, NU*N TE PEIRWMEQA2 TOUTO MH KATALIPEIN; SCEDON GAR
'ATELE$ 'AN4 PRAXAIMEN "OU2 CARIN "APANTE$ "WRMHSAMEN, "W$ FANERA
POIHSONTE$ 'EX 'ARCH$ MECRI TELOU$.
AQ _ 'W* FILE KLEINIA, KALW$ MEN LEGEI$, 'ATOPON MHN
'AKOUSESQAI SE LOGON 'OIMAI, KAI TINA TROPON 'OUK 'ATOPON 'AU.
<P 973C>
POLLOI GAR-DH PROSTUCEI$ TW*I BIWI GIGNOMENOI TON 'AUTON LOGON
FEROUSIN0, "W$ 'OUK 'ESTAI MAKARION TO TWN 'ANQRWPWN GENO$ 'OUD'
'EUDAIMON. "EPOU DH-KAI SUNIDE 'AN2 SOI4 DOKW3 'KAGW MET' 'AUTWN
KALW$ TOU* TOIOUTOU PE=RI LEGEIN. 'OU FHMI 'EINAI DUNATON 'ANQRWPOI$
MAKARIOI$ TE-KAI 'EUDAIMOSIN GENESQAI PLHN 'OLIGWN %
MECRIPER 'AN4 ZWMEN2 TOUTO DIORIZOMAI; KALH DE 'ELPI$ TELEUTHSANTI
TUCEIN "APANTWN "WN "ENEKA TI$ PROQUMOIT' 'AN4 ZWN TE
"W$ KALLIST' 'AN4 ZHN KATA DUNAMIN KAI TELEUTHSA$ TELEUTH$
<P 973D>
TOIAUTH$ TUCEIN % LEGW0 D' 'OUDEN SOFON, 'ALL' "OPER "APANTE$
"ELLHNE$ TE-KAI BARBAROI GIGNWSKOMEN TINA TROPON, "W$ 'EX
'ARCH$ TO GENESQAI CALEPON "APANTI ZWIWI; PRWTON MEN TO
METASCEIN TH$ TWN KUOUMENWN "EXEW$, 'EPEIT' 'AU TO GIGNESQAI,
KAI 'ETI TO TREFESQAI KAI PAIDEUESQAI, DIA= PONWN MURIWN


<P 974A>
TAUTA GIGNESQAI SUMPANTA, "W$ FAMEN "APANTE$. KAI CRONO$
BRACU$ 'AN4 TI$ 'EIH PRO$ LOGISMON MH TOI TWN MOCQHRWN, 'ALL'
"O= PA$ 'AN4 "UPOLABOI METRION. "OUTO$ DE SCEDON 'ANAPNOHN
DOKEI0 POIEIN TINA KATA MESON PHI BION TON 'ANQRWPINON; TACU
GE-MHN 'EPILABON GHRA$ "ONTINOUN POIHSEI' 'AN4 MHPOT' 'EQELHSAI0
PALIN 'ANABIWNAI0, LOGISAMENON TON BEBIWMENON "EAUTWI BION,
"OSTI$ MH TUGCANEI0 PAIDIKH$ DOXH$ MESTO$ 'WN. TOUTWN DH TI=
POTE MOI TEKMHRION: "OTI4 PEFUKEN0 TAUTHI TO NU*N ZHTOUMENON
<P 974B>
TW*I LOGWI. ZHTOUMEN DE-DH TI=NA TROPON SOFOI GENHSOMEQA,
"W$ 'OUSH$ TINO$ "EKASTOI$ TAUTH$ TH$ DUNAMEW$; "H DE FUGHI
FEUGEI0 TO=TE "OTAN TI$ PRO$ TINA FRONHSIN 'IHI5 TWN LEGOMENWN
TECNWN 'H= FRONHSEWN 'H= TINWN 'ALLWN TOIOUTWN "W$ 'OIOMEQA
'EPISTHMWN, "W$ 'AXIA$ TOUTWN 'OUDEMIA$ 'OUSH$ 'EPIKLHSIN
"RHQHNAI TH$ PERI= TAUTA SOFIA$ 'TANQRWPINA, TH$ DE YUCH$
SFO=DRA PEPOIQUIA$ KAI MANTEUOMENH$ "W$ 'OUSH$ 'AUTHI KATA
<P 974C>
TINA FUSIN TAUTH$, TI=$ DE 'ESTIN KAI PO=TE KAI PW*$, 'OU PANU
DUNAMENH$ 'EXEURISKEIN. 'A*R' 'OU TOUTWI SFO=DRA PROSEOIC'0
"HMWN "H PERI= SOFIAN 'APORIA KAI ZHTHSI$, PLEIWN TH$ 'ELPIDO$
"EKASTWI GIGNOMENH TWN "OSOI 'EN "HMIN DUNATOI GIGNONTAI FRONIMW$
"AUTOU$ 'ALLOU$ TE 'EXETASAI0 SUMFWNW$ DIA= LOGWN
PANTWN KAI PANTHI LEGOMENWN: TAUTA 'OUC "OUTW$ 'H= TAUTHI
SUMFHSOMEN 'ECEIN:
KL _ SUMFHSOMEN 'EP' 'ELPIDI SOI4 'ISW$ TAUT', 'W* XENE, THI
<P 974D>
META SOU4 KATA CRONON 'AN4 GENOMENHI, DOXASAI0 PERI= 'AUTWN 'EI$
'AUQI$ TO 'ALHQESTATON.
AQ _ TA$ 'ALLA$ TOINUN "OSAI 'EPISTHMAI MEN 'EISIN LEGOMENAI,
SOFON DE 'OUK 'APOTELOUSIN0 TON LAMBANONTA TE
'AUTA$ KAI 'ECONTA, PRWTON DIEXITEON, "OPW$ TAUTA$ 'EKPODWN
QEMENOI, PEIRWMEQA2 'EKEINA$ "WN DEOMEQA PARAQESQAI TE-KAI
PARAQEMENOI MANQANEIN.
PRWTON MEN-TOINUN "WN PRWTON DEI0 QNHTWI GENEI, 'IDWMEN
<P 974E>
"W$ 'EISI MEN 'ANAGKAIOTATAI SCEDON 'ALHQW$ TE PRWTAI, "O DE
'EPISTHMWN 'AUTWN GIGNOMENO$, 'EI KAI KAT' 'ARCA$ 'EDOXEN TI$
'EINAI POTE SOFO$, 'OU=KOUN NU*N GE-'OUTE SOFO$ 'EINAI DOXAZETAI


<P 975A>
'ONEIDH TE 'ISCEI0 MALLON 'APO TH$ TOIAUTH$ 'EPISTHMH$. 'EROUMEN2
DH "AI=4 T' 'EISIN KAI "OTI4 PA$ 'ANHR 'AUTA$, SCEDON "OSOI$
'AGWN PROKEITAI TOU* DOKEIN "W$ 'ARISTON 'ANDRA SUMBHNAI0
GENOMENON 'AN4, FEUGEI0 DIA= TA$ KTHSEI$ TH$ FRONHSEW$ TE-KAI
'EPITHDEUSEW$. 'ESTW DH PRWTON MEN "H TH$ 'ALLHLOFAGIA$
TWN ZWIWN "HMA$ TWN MEN, "W$ "O MUQO$ 'ESTIN, TO PARAPAN
'APOSTHSASA, TWN DE 'EI$ THN NOMIMON 'EDWDHN KATASTHSASA.
"ILEWI D' "HMIN "OI PROSQEN 'EIHSAN TE-KAI 'EISIN % "OITINE$88 MEN88-GAR88-'OUN88
<P 975B>
'ELEGOMEN88, PRWTOI CAIRETWSAN % "H D'-'OUN 'ALFITWN
TE-KAI 'ALEURWN POIHSI$ "AMA KAI TROFH KALH MEN-KAI 'AGAQH,
SOFON DE 'ANDRA TELEW$ 'OUK 'EQELHSEI2 POTE 'APERGASASQAI;
TOUTO GAR 'AUTO, "H TH$ POIHSEW$ 'EPIKLHSI$, TWN POIOUMENWN
'AUTWN DUSCEREIAN 'APERGAZOIT' 'AN4. SCEDON D'-'OUDE CWRA$
SUMPASH$ GEWRGIA; 'OU-GAR TECNHI 'ALLA= FUSEI KATA QEON
PANTE$ FAINOMEQA GHN METAKECEIRISQAI. KAI-MHN-'OUD' "H
TWN 'OIKHSEWN GE SUNUFH KAI SUMPASA 'OIKODOMIA KAI SKEUWN
<P 975C>
PANTWN 'APERGASTIKH, CALKEI=A TE-KAI "H TWN TEKTONIKWN KAI
PLASTIKWN KAI PLEKTIKWN KAI 'ETI SUMPANTWN 'ORGANWN
PARASKEUH, DHMWI TO PROSFORON 'ECOUSA, 'ALL' 'OUK 'EP' 'ARETHI
LEGOMENH. KAI-MHN-'OUD' "H SUMPASA QHREUTIKH, POLLH PER-KAI
TECNIKH GEGONUIA, TO GE MEGALOPREPE$ SUN TW*I SOFWI 'OUK
'APODIDWSIN0. 'OU-MHN-'OUDE MANTIKH GE-'OUD' "ERMHNEUTIKH TO
PARAPAN; TO LEGOMENON GAR 'OIDEN MONON, 'EI D' 'ALHQE$, 'OUK
'EMAQEN.
"OTE DH THN TWN 'ANAGKAIWN "ORWMEN0 KTHSIN DIA= TECNH$ MEN
<P 975D>
'APERGAZOMENHN, TOUTWN DE 'OUDEMIAN 'OUDENA SOFON POIOUSAN,
TO GE META TOUTO PAIDIA TI$ 'AN4 LEIPOITO, MIMHTIKH MEN TO
PLEISTON 'ALL' 'OUDAMHI SPOUDAI=A. POLLOI$ MEN-GAR 'ORGANOI$
MIMOUNTAI, POLLOI$ D' 'AUTWN TWN SWMATWN 'OU PANTW$
'EUSCHMOSI MIMHMASIN, TA TE KATA LOGOU$ KAI MOUSAN PASAN,
KAI "OSWN GRAFIKH MHTHR, POLLWN KAI PANTOIWN POIKILMATWN
'APOTELOUMENWN0 'EN POLLOI$ "UGROI$ KAI XHROI$ GENESIN; "WN
SOFON 'OUDENA 'EI$ 'OUDEN SPOUDHI THI MEGISTHI DHMIOURGOUNTA "H
MIMHTIKH PARECETAI.
<P 975E>
PANTWN D' 'EXEIRGASMENWN TO LOIPON BOHQEIA GIGNOIT' 'AN4
MURIA MURIOI$, "H MEN MEGISTH TE-KAI 'EI$ PLEISTA POLEMIKH
KLHQEISA, STRATHGIKH TECNH, 'EUDOKIMWTATH PRO$ CREIAN, 'EUTUCIA$
PLEISTH$ DEOMENH, MALLON DE 'ANDREIA\ KATA FUSIN 'H=


<P 976A>
SOFIA\ DEDOMENH. "HN DE KALOUSI0 MEN 'IATRIKHN, BOHQEIA DE-POU-KAI
"AU=TH SCEDON "OSWN "WRAI YUCEI KAI KAUMATI 'AKAIRWI
KAI PASI TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ LHIZONTAI THN TWN ZWIWN FUSIN.
'EUDOKIMON DE 'OUDEN TOUTWN 'EI$ SOFIAN THN 'ALHQESTATHN;
'AMETRA GAR DOXAI$ FOREITAI TOPAZOMENA. BOHQOU$ DE-POU-KAI
TOU$ KUBERNHTA$ "AMA KAI TOU$ NAUTA$ 'EROUMEN2, KAI TOUTWN
'ANDRA SOFON MHDENA TI$ "HMA$ PARAMUQOUMENO$ 'EX
"APANTWN DIAGGELLETW; 'OU-GAR 'AN4 'EIDEIH TI$ PNEUMATO$ 'ORGHN
<P 976B>
'OUDE FILIAN, "O= PROSFILE$ "APASHI KUBERNHTIKHI. KAI-MHN-'OUD'
"OPOSOI BOHQOI DIKAI$ 'EN THI TOU* LEGEIN "RWMHI FASI0
GIGNESQAI, MNHMHI KAI TRIBHI DOXH$ 'HQESIN PROSECONTE$ TON
NOUN, 'ALHQEIA$ DE TWN 'ONTW$ DIKAIWN 'EKTO$ PARESFALMENOI.
LOIPH D' 'ETI PRO$ DOXAN SOFIA$ 'ESTIN TI$ 'ATOPO$ DUNAMI$,
"HN FUSIN 'AN4 "OI POLLOI MALLON 'H= SOFIAN 'ONOMASEIAN, TO=TE
"OTAN TINA TI$ SUNNOHI5 "RA\DIW$ MEN "OTIPER2 'AN4 MANQANHI5 MANQANONTA,
<P 976C>
MALA DE POLLA KAI 'ASFALW$ MNHMONEUONTA, "OTAN
TE TO PROSFORON "EKASTWI DIAMNHMONEUHI5 TI$, "OTI42 GIGNOMENON
'AN4 PREPOI, TOUTO DE TACU DRA*I2; TAUTA GAR "APANTA "OI MEN
FUSIN, "OI DE SOFIAN, "OI DE 'AGCINOIAN QHSOUSIN2 FUSEW$,
SOFON DE 'ONTW$ 'OUDENI TOUTWN 'OUDEI$ TWN 'EMFRONWN 'EQELHSEI2
POTE KALEIN0.
'ALLA=-MHN DEI FANHNAI GE TINA 'EPISTHMHN "HN 'ECWN
SOFO$ GIGNOIT' 'AN4 "O SOFO$ 'ONTW$ 'WN KAI MH MONON DOXAZOMENO$.
'IDWMEN DH. CALEPWI MEN-GAR LOGWI PANTAPASIN
<P 976D>
'EPICEIROUMEN, "ETERAN PAREX TWN 'EIRHMENWN "EUREIN, "H=4 SOFIA
MEN LEGOIT' 'AN4 'ONTW$ TE-KAI 'EIKOTW$, "O DE LABWN 'OUTE
BANAUSO$ 'OUT' 'HLIQIO$ 'ESTAI, SOFO$ DE-KAI 'AGAQO$ DI' 'AUTHN
POLITH$ TE-KAI 'ARCWN KAI 'ARCOMENO$ 'ENDIKW$ 'ESTAI POLEW$
"AMA KAI 'EMMELH$. KATIDWMEN DH TAUTHN PRWTHN, TI=$ POT'
'EK TH$ 'ANQRWPINH$ FUSEW$ 'EPISTHMH MIA DIEXELQOUSA 'H= MH
PARAGENOMENH TWN NU*N PAROUSWN 'ANOHTOTATON 'AN4 KAI 'AFRONESTATON
PARASCOITO ZWION TO TWN 'ANQRWPWN. 'OU-DH
<P 976E>
TOUTO GE PANU CALEPON TO KATIDEIN. MIA GAR "W$ 'EIPEIN
PRO$ MIAN "H TON 'ARIQMON DOUSA PANTI TW*I QNHTWI GENEI TOUT'
'AN4 DRASEIEN; QEON D' 'AUTON MALLON 'H= TINA TUCHN "HGOUMAI
DONTA "HMIN SWIZEIN "HMA$. "ON DE QEON "HGOUMAI, FRAZEIN CRH,
KAIPER 'ATOPON 'ONTA, KAI PW$ 'OUK 'ATOPON 'AU; PW*$ GAR TO


<P 977A>
'AGAQWN 'AITION "HMIN SUMPANTWN 'OU KAI TOU* POLU MEGISTOU,
TH$ FRONHSEW$, 'AITION "HGEISQAI DEI GEGONENAI: TI=NA DH-KAI
SEMNUNWN0 POTE LEGW0 QEON, 'W* MEGILLE TE-KAI KLEINIA:
SCEDON 'OURANON, "ON KAI DIKAIOTATON, "W$ SUMPANTE$ 'ALLOI
DAIMONE$ "AMA KAI QEOI, TIMAN TE-KAI 'EUCESQAI DIAFERONTW$
'AUTWI. TO DE-KAI TWN 'ALLWN 'AITION 'AGAQWN PANTWN "HMIN
'AUTON GEGONENAI PANTE$ 'AN4 "OMOLOGOIMEN; DOUNAI0 DE "AMA KAI
'ARIQMON "HMEI$ GE 'ONTW$ 'AUTON FAMEN, 'ETI DE-KAI DWSEIN, 'EA=N
<P 977B>
TI$ QELHI5 SUNAKOLOUQEIN. 'EA=N GAR 'IHI5 TI$ 'EPI QEWRIAN 'ORQHN
THN TOUDE, 'EI=TE KOSMON 'EI=TE 'OLUMPON 'EI=TE 'OURANON 'EN "HDONHI
TWI LEGEIN, LEGETW MEN, 'AKOLOUQEITW DE "OPHI POIKILLWN "AUTON
KAI TA 'EN "AUTWI STREFWN 'ASTRA PASA$ DIEXODOU$ "WRA$ TE-KAI
TROFHN PASIN PARECETAI. KAI THN 'ALLHN DE-'OUN FRONHSIN,
"W$ FAIMEN 'AN4, SUN 'ARIQMWI PANTI, KAI 'TALL' 'AGAQA; TOUTO
DE MEGISTON, 'EA=N TI$ THN 'ARIQMWN 'AUTOU4 DOSIN DEXAMENO$
'EPEXELQHI6 PASAN THN PERIODON.
'ETI DE SMIKRON 'EPANELQONTE$ PW$ TOI$ LOGOI$ 'ANAMNHSQWMEN
<P 977C>
"OTI42 KAI MAL' 'ORQW$ 'ENOHSAMEN "W$, 'EIPER 'ARIQMON 'EK
TH$ 'ANQRWPINH$ FUSEW$ 'EXELOIMEN, 'OUK 'AN4 POTE TI FRONIMOI
GENOIMEQA. 'OU-GAR 'AN4 'ETI POTE YUCH TOUTOU TOU* ZWIOU PASAN
'ARETHN LABOI SCEDON, "OTOU LOGO$ 'APEIH; ZWION DE "OTI2 MH
GIGNWSKOI DUO KAI TRIA MHDE PERITTON MHDE 'ARTION, 'AGNOOI
DE TO PARAPAN 'ARIQMON, 'OUK 'AN4 POTE DIDONAI LOGON 'ECOI PERI=
"WN 'AISQHSEI$ KAI MNHMA$ 'ECOI8 MONON 'EIH-KEKTHMENON, THN
<P 977D>
DE 'ALLHN 'ARETHN, 'ANDREIAN KAI SWFROSUNHN, 'OUDEN 'APOKWLUEI0.
STEROMENO$ DE 'ALHQOU$ LOGOU SOFO$ 'OUK 'AN4 POTE GENOITO,
"OTWI DE SOFIA MH PROSEIH, PASH$ 'ARETH$ TO MEGISTON MERO$,
'OUK 'AN4 'ETI TELEW$ 'AGAQO$ GENOMENO$ 'EUDAIMWN POTE GENOITO.
"OUTW$ 'ARIQMON MEN 'ANAGKH PASA "UPOTIQESQAI; DIOTI DE TOUTO
'ANAGKH, LOGO$ 'ETI PLEIWN PANTWN GIGNOIT' 'AN4 TWN 'EIRHMENWN.
'ALLA=-KAI "O NU*N 'ORQW$ "RHQHSETAI, "OTI4 KAI TA TWN 'ALLWN
TECNWN LEGOMENA, "A NUNDH DIHLQOMEN 'EWNTE$ 'EINAI PASA$ TA$
<P 977E>
TECNA$, 'OUDE TOUTWN "EN 'OUDEN MENEI0, PANTA D' 'APOLEIPETAI
TO PARAPAN, "OTAN 'ARIQMHTIKHN TI$ 'ANELHI6.
DOXEIE D' 'AN4 'ISW$ TI$ BRACEWN "ENEKA 'ARIQMOU DEISQAI TO
TWN 'ANQRWPWN GENO$, 'EI$ TA$ TECNA$ 'APOBLEYA$ % KAITOI MEGA
MEN-KAI TOUTO % 'EI DE TI$ 'IDOI TO QEION TH$ GENESEW$ KAI TO
QNHTON, 'EN "WI KAI TO QEOSEBE$ GNWRISQHSETAI KAI "O 'ARIQMO$


<P 978A>
'ONTW$, 'OUK 'AN4 'ETI PA$ 'AN4 TI$ GNOIH SUMPANTA 'ARIQMON "OSH$
"HMIN DUNAMEW$ 'AITIO$ 'AN4 'EIH SUGGIGNOMENO$ % 'EPEI KAI TA KATA
MOUSIKHN PASAN DIARIQMOUMENWN KINHSEW$ TE-KAI FQOGGWN
DHLON "OTI4 DEI0 % KAI TO MEGISTON, 'AGAQWN "W$ PANTWN 'AITION,
"OTI4 DE KAKWN 'OUDENO$, 'EU TOUTO GNWSTEON, "O= KAI TACA GENOIT'
'AN4. 'ALL' "H SCEDON 'ALOGISTO$ TE-KAI 'ATAKTO$ 'ASCHMWN TE-KAI
'ARRUQMO$ 'ANARMOSTO$ TE FORA, KAI PANQ' "OPOSA KAKOU
<P 978B>
KEKOINWNHKEN0 TINO$, 'EPILELEIPTAI PANTO$ 'ARIQMOU, KAI DEI
TOUQ' "OUTW DIANOEISQAI TON MELLONTA 'EUDAIMONA TELEUTHSEIN;
KAI TO GE-DH DIKAION TE-KAI 'AGAQON KAI KALON KAI PANTA
TA TOIAUTA 'OUDEI$ POTE MH GIGNWSKWN, 'ALHQOU$ DOXH$ 'EPILABOMENO$,
DIARIQMHSETAI PRO$ TO "EAUTON TE-KAI "ETERON PEISAI0
TO PARAPAN.
'IWMEN DH SKEYOMENOI PRO$ TOUT' 'AUTO, PW*$ 'EMAQOMEN
'ARIQMEIN. FERE; TO GAR "EN DH-KAI DUO GEGONE0 PO=QEN "HMIN
<P 978C>
"WST' 'ENNOHSAI0, FUSIN TAUTHN 'ECOUSIN4 'EK TOU* PANTO$ PRO$
TO DUNATOU$ 'ENNOEIN 'EINAI: POLLOI$ DE 'ALLOI$ 'AU TWN ZWIWN
'OUD' 'EI$ 'AUTO TOUQ' "H FUSI$ PARAGEGONEN0, "WSTE MAQEIN DUNATOI$
'EINAI PARA TOU* PATRO$ 'ARIQMEIN, PARA D' "HMIN TOUT'
'AUTO PRWTON 'ENWIKISEN "O QEO$, "WSTE "IKANOI$ 'EINAI DEIKNUMENON
SUNNOEIN, 'EPEIT' 'EDEIXEN KAI DEIKNUSIN0; "WN TI= KALLION
"EN "ENO$ 'AN4 TI$ QEASAITO PLHN TO TH$ "HMERA$ GENO$, 'EITA 'EI$
TO TH$ NUKTO$ 'ELQOI MERO$ 'ECWN 'OYIN, "OQEN "ETERON PAN 'AUTWI
<P 978D>
FAINOIT' 'AN4: KAI "ELITTWN DH TAUTA 'AUTA "OTAN MH PAUHTAI
POLLA$ MEN NUKTA$, POLLA$ DE "HMERA$ "A$8 'OURANO$, 'OUDEPOTE
PAUETAI DIDASKWN 'ANQRWPOU$ "EN TE-KAI DUO, PRIN 'AN4 KAI "O
DUSMAQESTATO$ "IKANW$ MAQHI6 'ARIQMEIN; "W$ GAR-KAI TRIA KAI
TETTARA KAI POLLA, "EKASTO$ "HMWN 'EPINOHSEIEN 'AN4 "ORWN TAUTA.
KAI 'EK TOUTWN "EN 'EPOIHSEN THN SELHNHN "O QEO$ 'APERGASAMENO$,
"H=4 TOTE= MEN MEIZWN FAINOMENH, TOTE= D' 'ELATTWN, DIEXHLQEN
<P 978E>
'ALLHN 'AEI FAINOUSA "HMERAN, MECRI PENTEKAIDEKA "HMERWN KAI
NUKTWN; "AU=TH D' 'ESTIN PERIODO$, 'EI BOULETAI TI$ TON KUKLON
"ENA "OLON 'EI$ "EN TIQENAI, "WSTE "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN KAI TO DUSMAQESTATON
'AN4 MAQEIN ZWION, "OI$ PAREDWKEN FUSIN "O QEO$ TOU*
DUNATOI$ 'EINAI MANQANEIN. KAI MECRI MEN TOUTWN TE-KAI 'EN
TOUTOI$ SUMPAN TO DUNATON TWN ZWIWN MALA 'ARIQMHTIKON


<P 979A>
GEGONE0, TO KAQ' "EN 'AUTO SKOPOUN; TO DE PRO$ 'ALLHLA
PANTA 'ARIQMON 'AEI LOGIZESQAI, DOKW0 MEN MEIZONO$ "ENEKA, KAI
TOUTOU DE SELHNHN, KAQAPER 'EIPOMEN, 'AUXANOMENHN KAI
FQINOUSAN 'EMPOIHSA$, MHNA$ PRO$ TON 'ENIAUTON SUNESTHSATO,
KAI PANTA 'ARIQMON PRO$ 'ARIQMON 'HRXATO SUNORAN 'EUDAIMONI
TUCHI. DIA= DE TAUQ' "HMIN KARPOI TE-KAI 'EGKUMWN "H GH GEGONEN0,
"WST' 'EINAI TROFHN PASI TOI$ ZWIOI$, 'ANEMWN TE-KAI
"UETWN GIGNOMENWN 'OUK 'EXAISIWN 'OUDE 'AMETRWN; 'ALL' 'EI TI
<P 979B>
PARA TAUTA GIGNETAI PRO$ TO FLAURON, 'OU THN QEIAN 'ALLA=
THN 'ANQRWPINHN 'AITIASQAI CRH FUSIN, 'OUK 'EN DIKHI DIANEMOUSAN0
TON "AUTWN BION. "HMIN D'-'OUN ZHTOUSIN4 PERI= NOMWN
SCEDON 'EDOXEN TA MEN 'A=LLA "RA&DIA T' 'EINAI GNWNAI0 TA BELTISTA
'ANQRWPOI$, KAI PA$ 'AN4 "IKANO$ GIGNESQAI KAI SUNEINAI0
TA LEGOMENA KAI POIEIN, 'EI GNOIH TI= POT' 'ESTIN "O= SUMFEREIN
'EIKO$ KAI TI= TO MH SUMFERON; 'EDOXE DH-KAI NU*N 'ETI DOKEI0 TA
<P 979C>
MEN 'A=LLA 'EPITHDEUMATA PANTA 'OU SFO=DRA CALEPA 'EINAI, TO
DE TI=NA TROPON CRH GIGNESQAI CRHSTOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ PAGCALEPON.
KAI TA MEN 'A=LLA 'AU PANTA KTASQAI CRHSTA, TO LEGOMENON
TE8, KAI DUNATON KAI 'OU CALEPON, 'OUSIAN TE "OSHN DEI
KAI MH DEI, KAI SWMA "OION TE DEI KAI MH. KAI YUCHN "OTI4 MEN
'AGAQHN DEI, SUGCWREI0 PA$ PANTI, TO D' "ONTINA TROPON 'AGAQHN,
"OTI4 MEN 'AU DIKAIAN KAI SWFRONA KAI 'ANDREIAN, KAI TAUTA, "OTI4
DE SOFHN, FHSI MEN PA$ DEIN, "HNTINA DE SOFIAN, "W$ 'ARTI
<P 979D>
DIELHLUQAMEN, 'OUDEI$ 'OUDENI TO PARAPAN 'ETI SUNOMOLOGEI0
TWN POLLWN. NU*N 'OUN-DH PARA PASA$ TA$ PROSQEN SOFIA$ 'OU
FAULHN TINA 'ANEURISKOMEN 'EI$ 'AUTA GE TAUTA, TO DOKEIN SOFON
'EINAI TON GE MEMAQHKOTA "APER KAI DIELHLUQAMEN; 'EI D' 'ESTIN
SOFO$ "O TAUT' 'EPISTHMWN KAI 'AGAQO$, TOUTOU DH PE=RI LOGON
DEI LABEIN.
KL _ 'W* XENE, "W$ 'EIKOTW$ 'EIPE$ "OTI4 PERI= MEGALWN MEGALA
'EPICEIREI$ FRAZEIN.
<P 979E>
AQ _ 'OU-GAR SMIKRA, 'W* KLEINIA; TO DE CALEPWTERON, "OTI4
PANTAPASI KAI PANTW$ 'ALHQH.
KL _ SFO=DRA GE, 'W* XENE; 'ALL' "OMW$ MH 'APOKAMHI$ LEGWN
"O= FH=I$.
AQ _ NAI, MHDE SFW TOINUN 'AKOUONTE.
KL _ TAUT' 'ESTAI; KAI "UPER 'AMFOIN 'EGW SOI4 FRAZW0.


<P 980A>
AQ _ KALW$. 'EX 'ARCH$ DH "RHTEON 'ANAGKHI PRWTON, "W$
FAINETAI, MALISTA MEN 'AN4, 'EI DUNAMEQA "ENI LABEIN 'ONOMATI,
TI=$ 'ESTIN "HN 'OIOMEQA SOFIAN 'EINAI, TOUTO D' 'EI SFO=DRA
'ADUNATOUMEN, TO DEUTERON, TI=NE$ 'EISIN POTE KAI "OPOSAI TINE$,
"A$ TI$ LABWN SOFO$ 'AN4 'EIH KATA TON "HMETERON MUQON.
KL _ LEGOI$ 'AN4.
AQ _ TO DH META TOUTO 'ANEMESHTON TW*I NOMOQETHI TO
KALLION TWN PROTERON 'EIRHMENWN PERI= QEWN KAI 'AMEINON
'APEIKAZONTI LEGEIN, "OION PAIDIA*I KALHI CRWMENWI KAI TIMWNTI
<P 980B>
QEOU$, "UMNOI$ TE-KAI 'EUDAIMONIA\ GERAIRONTI DIAGEIN TON "AUTOU
BION.
KL _ 'H* KALW$, 'W* XENE, LEGEI$. 'EI GAR SOI4 TOUTO TELO$
'EIH TWN NOMWN, QEOU$ PROSPAISANTI KAQARWTERON DE DIAGAGONTI
TON BION TH$ "AMA TELEUTH$ 'ARISTH$ TE-KAI KALLISTH$
TUCEIN.
AQ _ PW*$ 'OUN, 'W* KLEINIA, LEGOMEN: 'H* DOKEI0 TOU$ QEOU$
"UMNOUNTE$ SFO=DRA TIMWMEN2, 'EUCOMENOI TA KALLISTA KAI
'ARISTA PERI= 'AUTWN 'EPIENAI LEGEIN "HMIN: "OUTW$ 'H= PW*$ LEGEI$:
<P 980C>
KL _ QAUMASTW$ MEN-'OUN "OUTW$. 'ALL', 'W* DAIMONIE,
PISTEUSA$ TOI$ QEOI$ 'EUCOU TE-KAI LEGE TON 'EPIONTA SOI4
LOGON TWN KALWN PERI= TOU$ QEOU$ TE-KAI TA$ QEA$.
AQ _ 'ESTAI TAUTA, 'AN2 'AUTO$ "O QEO$ "HMIN "UFHGH*TAI.
SUNEUCOU MONON.
KL _ LEGOI$ 'AN4 TO META TOUTO.
AQ _ QEOGONIAN TOINUN-KAI ZWIOGONIAN 'ANAGKAION, "W$
'EOIKEN0, PRWTON MOI, KAKW$ 'APEIKASANTWN0 TWN 'EMPROSQEN,
BELTION 'APEIKASAI0 KATA TON 'EMPROSQEN LOGON, 'ANALABONTA
<P 980D>
"ON PRO$ TOU$ 'ASEBEI$ 'EPIKECEIRHKA LEGWN, FRAZWN "W$ 'EISIN
QEOI 'EPIMELOUMENOI PANTWN, SMIKRWN KAI MEIZONWN, KAI
SCEDON 'APARAMUQHTOI TWN PERI= TA DI=KAIA 'EISIN PRAGMATA %
'EI DH MEMNHSQE0 GE, 'W* KLEINIA; 'ELABETE MEN-GAR-DH-KAI
"UPOMNHMATA % KAI-GAR 'H*N TA "RHQENTA TO=TE KAI MALA 'ALHQH;
TODE DE 'AUTWN 'H*N TO MEGISTON, "OTI4 PRESBUTERON 'EIH YUCH
SWMATO$ "APASA PANTO$ % 'A*RA MEMNHSQE0: 'H= PANTW$ POU
TOUTO GE: "O= GAR 'AMEINON KAI PALAIOTERON KAI QEOEIDESTERON,
<P 980E>
PIQANON "OTI4 TOU* NEOU88 KAI NEWTEROU KAI 'ATIMOTEROU, PANTACHI
TE 'ARCON 'ARCOMENOU PRESBUTERON KAI 'AGON 'AGOMENOU PANTHI.
LABWMEN DH TOUTO GE, "W$ YUCH PRESBUTERON 'ESTI SWMATO$.


<P 981A>
'EI D' 'ECEI0 TOUTO "OUTW$, TO GE PRWTON "HMIN TOU* PRWTOU TH$
GENESEW$ PIQANWTERON 'AN4 'EIH SCEDON "UPHRGMENON; KAI QWMEN
DH THN 'ARCHN TH$ 'ARCH$ 'EUSCHMONESTERON 'ECEIN, KAI TWN
MEGISTWN SOFIA$ PERI= QEWN GENESEW$ 'ORQOTATA 'EPIBAINEIN
"HMA$.
KL _ 'ESTW TAUTA 'EI$ DUNAMIN LEGOMENA.
AQ _ FERE DH, ZWION GE 'ALHQESTATA LEGESQAI KATA FUSIN
FWMEN TOUTO GE, "OTAN MIA SUNELQOUSA SUSTASI$ YUCH$ KAI
SWMATO$ 'APOTEKHI6 MIAN MORFHN:
KL _ 'ORQW$.
<P 981B>
AQ _ ZWION MEN-DH TO TOIOUTON KALEITAI20 DIKAIOTATA:
KL _ NAI.
AQ _ STEREA DE SWMATA LEGESQAI CRH KATA TON 'EIKOTA
LOGON PENTE, 'EX "WN KALLISTA KAI 'ARISTA TI$ 'AN4 PLATTOI, TO
DE 'ALLO GENO$ "APAN 'ECEI0 MORFHN MIAN; 'OU-GAR 'ESTIN 'ASWMATON
"OTI2 T' 'ALLO GIGNOIT' 'AN4 KAI CRWMA 'OUDEN 'OUDAMW$
'OUDEPOT' 'ECON, PLHN TO QEIOTATON 'ONTW$ YUCH$ GENO$. TOUTO
D' 'ESTI SCEDON "WI MONWI PLATTEIN KAI DHMIOURGEIN PROSHKEI0,
<P 981C>
SWMATI DE, "O= LEGOMEN, PLATTESQAI KAI GIGNESQAI KAI "ORASQAI;
TW*I DE % LEGWMEN PALIN; 'OU-GAR "APAX "RHTEON % 'AORATWI
TE 'EINAI KAI GIGNWSKONTI NOHTWI TE, MNHMH$ METALABONTI
LOGISMOU TE 'EN PERITTAI$ TE-KAI 'ARTIAI$ "AMA METABOLAI$.
PENTE 'OUN 'ONTWN0 TWN SWMATWN, PUR CRH FANAI KAI "UDWR
'EINAI KAI TRITON 'AERA, TETARTON DE GHN, PEMPTON DE 'AIQERA,
TOUTWN D' 'EN "HGEMONIAI$ "EKASTON ZWION POLU KAI PANTODAPON
'APOTELEISQAI0. MAQEIN DE KAQ' "EN "WD' 'ESTIN CREWN. GHINON
<P 981D>
MEN TIQWMEN TO PRWTON "HMIN "EN, PANTA$ MEN 'ANQRWPOU$,
PANTA DE "OSA POLUPODA KAI 'APODA, KAI "OSA POREUSIMA KAI
"OSA MONIMA, DIEILHMMENA "RIZAI$; TO DE "EN 'AUTOU4 TODE NOMIZEIN
DEI, "W$ PANTA MEN 'EX "APANTWN TAUT' 'ESTIN TWN GENWN, TO DE
POLU TOUTOU GH$ 'ESTIN KAI TH$ STEREMNIA$ FUSEW$. 'ALLO
DE CRH ZWIOU GENO$ QEINAI0 DEUTERON GIGNOMENON "AMA KAI
DUNATON "ORASQAI; TO GAR PLEISTON PURO$ 'ECEI0, 'ECEI0 MHN GH$
<P 981E>
TE-KAI 'AERO$, 'ECEI0 DE-KAI "APANTWN TWN 'ALLWN BRACEA MERH,
DIO DH ZWIA TE 'EX 'AUTWN PANTODAPA GIGNESQAI CRH FANAI KAI
"ORWMENA, NOMISAI0 DE-DH DEI PALIN TA KAT' 'OURANON ZWIWN
GENH, "O= DH PAN CRH FANAI QEION GENO$ 'ASTRWN GEGONENAI,
SWMATO$ MEN TUCON KALLISTOU, YUCH$ D' 'EUDAIMONESTATH$
TE-KAI 'ARISTH$. DUOIN DE 'AUTOI$ MOIRWN THN "ETERAN CRH
DOXHI METADIDONAI SCEDON; 'H= GAR 'ANWLEQRON TE-KAI 'AQANATON


<P 982A>
"EKASTON 'AUTWN 'EINAI KAI QEION TO PARAPAN 'EX "APASH$ 'ANAGKH$,
'H= TINA MAKRAIWNA BION 'ECEIN "IKANON "EKASTWI ZWH$, "H$
'OUDEN TI PLEIONO$ 'AN4 PROSDEISQAI POTE.
NOHSWMEN 'OUN PRWTON, "O= LEGOMEN, DUO TA TOIAUTA 'EINAI
ZWIA % PALIN GAR LEGWMEN % "ORATA MEN 'AMFO=TERA, TO MEN 'EK
PURO$, "W$ DOXEIEN 'AN4, "OLON, TO D' 'EK GH$, KAI TO MEN GHINON
'EN 'ATAXIA\, TO D' 'EK PURO$ 'EN TAXEI PASHI KINOUMENON. TO MEN-'OUN
'EN 'ATAXIA\ KINOUMENON 'AFRON CRH NOMIZEIN, "OPER "W$ TO
<P 982B>
POLU DRA*I0 TO PERI= "HMA$ ZWION, TO DE 'EN TAXEI TE-KAI 'OURANWI
PORON 'ECON MEGA TEKMHRION CRH POIEISQAI TOU* FRONIMON 'EINAI;
KATA 'TAUTA GAR 'AN4 KAI "WSAUTW$ POREUOMENON 'AEI KAI POIOUN
KAI PASCON TEKMHRION "IKANON TOU* FRONIMW$ ZHN 'EIH PARECOMENON.
"H YUCH$ DE 'ANAGKH NOUN KEKTHMENH$ "APASWN
'ANAGKWN POLU MEGISTH GIGNOIT' 'AN4 % 'ARCOUSA GAR-'ALL' 'OUK
'ARCOMENH NOMOQETEI0 % TO DE 'AMETASTROFON, "OTAN YUCH TO
<P 982C>
'ARISTON KATA TON 'ARISTON BOULEUSHTAI NOUN, TO TELEON
'EKBAINEI0 TW*I-'ONTI KATA NOUN, KAI-'OUDE 'ADAMA$ 'AN4 'AUTOU4
KREITTON 'OUDE 'AMETASTROFWTERON 'AN4 POTE GENOITO, 'ALL' 'ONTW$
TREI$ MOIRAI KATECOUSAI FULATTOUSI0 TELEON 'EINAI TO BELTISTHI
BOULHI BEBOULEUMENON "EKASTOI$ QEWN. TOI$ DE 'ANQRWPOI$
'ECRHN TEKMHRION 'EINAI TOU* NOUN 'ECEIN 'ASTRA TE-KAI
SUMPASAN TAUTHN THN DIAPOREIAN, "OTI4 TA 'AUTA 'AEI PRATTEI0
DIA= TO BEBOULEUMENA PALAI PRATTEIN QAUMASTON TINA CRONON
<P 982D>
"OSON, 'ALL' 'OU METABOULEUOMENON 'ANW KAI KATW, TOTE= MEN
"E=TERA, 'ALLOTE DE 'A=LLA PRATTON, PLANASQAI TE-KAI METAKUKLEISQAI.
TOUQ' "HMWN TOI$ POLLOI$ 'AUTO 'TOUNANTION 'EDOXEN,
"OTI4 TA 'AUTA KAI "WSAUTW$ PRATTEI0, YUCHN 'OUK 'ECEIN; "OUTW
TOI$ 'AFROSI SUNEFESPETO TO PLHQO$, "W$ TO MEN 'ANQRWPINON
'EMFRON KAI ZWN "W$ KINOUMENON "UPOLABEIN, TO DE QEION 'AFRON
"W$ MENON 'EN TAI$ 'AUTAI$ FORAI$; 'EXHN DE 'ANQRWPWI GE 'EPI
<P 982E>
TA KALLIW KAI BELTIW KAI FILA TIQEMENWI LAMBANEIN "W$
DIA= TOUTO 'AUTO 'EMFRON DEI NOMIZEIN TO KATA 'TAUTA KAI
"WSAUTW$ KAI DIA= 'TAUTA PRATTON 'AEI, TOUTO D' 'EINAI THN TWN
'ASTRWN FUSIN, 'IDEIN MEN KALLISTHN, POREIAN DE-KAI COREIAN
PANTWN CORWN KALLISTHN KAI MEGALOPREPESTATHN COREUONTA
PASI TOI$ ZWSI4 TO DEON 'APOTELEIN0. KAI-MHN "OTI4 GE DIKAIW$


<P 983A>
'EMYUCA 'AUTA LEGOMEN, PRWTON TO MEGEQO$ 'AUTWN DIANOHQWMEN.
'OU-GAR "W$ SMIKRA FANTAZETAI, THLIKAUTA 'ONTW$
'ESTIN, 'ALL' 'AMHCANON "EKASTON 'AUTWN TON 'OGKON % PISTEUSAI0
D' 'AXION; 'APODEIXESIN GAR "IKANAI$ LAMBANETAI % TON GAR
"HLION "OLON TH$ GH$ "OLH$ MEIZW DIANOHQHNAI DUNATON 'ORQW$,
KAI PANTA DH TA FEROMENA 'ASTRA QAUMASTON TI MEGEQO$ 'ECEI0.
LABWMEN DH TI=$ TROPO$ 'AN4 'EIH TOSOUTON PERIFEREIN 'OGKON
TINA FUSIN TON 'AUTON 'AEI CRONON, "OSON KAI NU*N PERIFERETAI.
<P 983B>
QEON DH FHMI TON 'AITION 'ESESQAI, KAI 'OUPOQ' "ETERW$ 'EINAI
DUNATON; 'EMYUCON MEN-GAR 'OUPOTE GENOIT' 'AN4 "ETERA\ PLHN
DIA= QEON, "W$ "HMEI$ 'APEFHNAMEQA. "OTE DE TOUTO "OIO$-TE-'ESTIN
QEO$, "APASA 'AUTWI "RA\STWNH GEGONEN0 TOU* PRWTON MEN
ZWION GEGONENAI PAN SWMA KAI 'OGKON SUMPANTA, 'EPEITA, "HIPER
'AN4 DIANOHQHI BELTISTA, TAUTHI FEREIN. NU*N DH PERI= "APANTWN
TOUTWN "ENA LOGON LEGOIMEN 'ALHQH; 'OUK 'ESTIN2 GHN TE-KAI
<P 983C>
'OURANON "APANTA$ TE 'ASTERA$ 'OGKOU$ TE 'EK TOUTWN SUMPANTA$,
MH YUCH$ PRO$ "EKASTWI GENOMENH$ 'H=-KAI 'EN "EKASTOI$, 'EITA
'EI$ 'AKRIBEIAN KAT' 'ENIAUTON "OUTW POREUESQAI KATA MHNA$ TE-KAI
"HMERA$, KAI SUMPANTA TA GIGNOMENA SUMPASIN "HMIN 'AGAQA
GIGNESQAI.
DEI DE, "OSWI FLAUROTERON 'EST' 'ANQRWPO$, MH-TOI
LHROUNTA GE, SAFW$ DE TI LEGONTA FAINESQAI. "RUMA$
MEN-'OUN 'EI TI$ 'AITIA$ TINA$ 'EREI2 SWMATWN 'H= FUSEI$ 'H= TI
TOIOUTON, 'OUDEN SAFE$ 'EREI2; TO DE PAR' "HMWN 'EIRHMENON
<P 983D>
SFO=DR' 'ANALABEIN CRH, POTERON 'ECEI0 LOGON "O LOGO$ 'H= PANTW$
"USTEREI0, TO PRWTON MEN TA 'ONTA 'EINAI DUO, TO MEN YUCHN, TO
DE SWMA, KAI POLLA "EKATEROU, PANTA DE 'ALLHLWN 'A=LLA KAI
"EKA=TERA "EKATERWN, KAI TRITON 'ALLO 'OUDEN KOINON 'OUDENI,
DIAFEREIN DE YUCHN SWMATO$. 'EMFRON MEN-POU, TO DE 'AFRON
QHSOMEN, 'ARCON DE, TO DE 'ARCOMENON, KAI TO MEN 'AITION
"APANTWN, TO DE 'ANAITION PASH$ PAQH$; "WSTE TA GE-DH KAT'
<P 983E>
'OURANON "UP' 'ALLOU TOU FANAI GEGONENAI, KAI MH YUCH$ TE-KAI
SWMATO$ "OUTW$ 'EINAI GENNHMATA, POLLH MWRIA TE-KAI
'ALOGIA. 'EI D'-'OUN DEI NIKAN TOU$ PERI= "APANTWN TWN TOIOUTWN
LOGOU$ KAI PISTW$ QEI*A FAINESQAI GEGONENAI TA TOIAUTA
SUMPANTA, DUOIN TOI QATERA QETEON 'AUTA; 'H= GAR QEOU$ 'AUTOU$
TAUTA "UMNHTEON 'ORQOTATA, 'H= QEWN 'EIKONA$ "W$ 'AGALMATA


<P 984A>
"UPOLABEIN GEGONENAI, QEWN 'AUTWN 'ERGASAMENWN; 'OU-GAR
'ANOHTWN GE-'OUDE BRACEO$ 'AXIWN, 'ALL' "OPER 'EIRHKAMEN, TOUTWN
"HMIN QATERA QETEA, TA DE TEQENTA TIMHTEON PANTWN
'AGALMATWN DIAFERONTW$; 'OU-GAR MHPOTE FANHI KALLIW KAI
KOINO=TERA SUMPANTWN 'ANQRWPWN 'AGALMATA, 'OUD' 'EN DIAFEROUSIN4
TOPOI$ "IDRUMENA, KAQARIOTHTI KAI SEMNOTHTI KAI SUMPASHI
<P 984B>
ZWHI DIAFERONTA 'H= TAUTHI "W$ PANTHI TAUTHI GEGENHTAI.
NU*N 'OUN-DH PERI= QEWN 'EGCEIRWMEN TO GE TOSOUTON, TA DUO
KATIDONTE$ ZWIA "ORATA "HMIN, "A FAMEN 'AQANATON, TO DE GHINON
"APAN QNHTON GEGONENAI, TA TRIA TA MESA TWN PENTE TA METAXU
TOUTWN SAFESTATA KATA DOXAN THN 'EPIEIKH GEGONOTA PEIRAQHNAI
LEGEIN. 'AIQERA MEN-GAR META TO PUR QWMEN, YUCHN
D' 'EX 'AUTOU4 TIQWMEN PLATTEIN ZWIA DUNAMIN 'ECONTA, "WSPER
<P 984C>
TWN 'ALLWN GENWN, TO POLU MEN TH$ 'AUTOU4 FUSEW$, TA DE
SMIKRO=TERA SUNDESMOU CARIN 'EK TWN 'ALLWN GENWN; META
DE TON 'AIQERA 'EX 'AERO$ PLATTEIN THN YUCHN GENO$ "ETERON
ZWIWN, KAI TO TRITON 'EX "UDATO$. PANTA DE DHMIOURGHSASAN
TAUTA YUCHN ZWIWN 'EIKO$ "OLON 'OURANON 'EMPLHSAI0, CRHSAMENHN
PASI TOI$ GENESI KATA DUNAMIN, PANTWN MEN METOCWN TOU* ZHN
GEGONOTWN; DEU=TERA DE-KAI TRITA KAI TETARTA KAI PEMPTA,
<P 984D>
'APO QEWN TWN FANERWN 'ARXAMENA GENESEW$, 'EI$ "HMA$ TOU$
'ANQRWPOU$ 'APOTELEUTAN.
QEOU$ MEN-DH DI=A TE-KAI "HRAN KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ PANTA$,
"OPHI TI$ 'EQELEI0, TAUTHI KATA TON 'AUTON TIQESQW NOMON KAI
PAGION 'ECETW TOUTON TON LOGON; QEOU$ DE-DH TOU$ "ORATOU$,
MEGISTOU$ KAI TIMIWTATOU$ KAI 'OXUTATON "ORWNTA$ PANTHI, TOU$
PRWTOU$ THN TWN 'ASTRWN FUSIN LEKTEON KAI "OSA META TOUTWN
'AISQANOMEQA GEGONOTA, META DE TOUTOU$ KAI "UPO TOUTOI$ "EXH$
<P 984E>
DAIMONA$, 'AERION DE GENO$, 'ECON "EDRAN TRITHN KAI MESHN, TH$
"ERMHNEIA$ 'AITION, 'EUCAI$ TIMAN MALA CREWN CARIN TH$ 'EUFHMOU
DIAPOREIA$. TWN DE DUO TOUTWN ZWIWN, TOU* T' 'EX 'AIQERO$ 'EFEXH$
TE 'AERO$ 'ON, DIORWMENON "OLON 'AUTWN "EKATERON 'EINAI % PARON
DH PLHSION 'OU KATADHLON "HMIN GIGNESQAI % METECONTA DE


<P 985A>
FRONHSEW$ QAUMASTH$, "ATE GENOU$ 'ONTA 'EUMAQOU$ TE-KAI
MNHMONO$, GIGNWSKEIN MEN SUMPASAN THN "HMETERAN 'AUTA
DIANOIAN LEGWMEN, KAI TON TE KALON "HMWN KAI 'AGAQON "AMA
QAUMASTW$ 'ASPAZESQAI KAI TON SFO=DRA KAKON MISEIN, "ATE
LUPH$ METECONTA 'HDH % QEON MEN-GAR-DH TON TELO$ 'ECONTA
TH$ QEIA$ MOIRA$ 'EXW TOUTWN 'EINAI, LUPH$ TE-KAI "HDONH$, TOU*
DE FRONEIN KAI TOU* GIGNWSKEIN KATA PANTA METEILHFENAI %
<P 985B>
KAI SUMPLHROU$ DH ZWIWN 'OURANOU GEGONOTO$, "ERMHNEUESQAI
PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ TE-KAI TOU$ 'AKROTATOU$ QEOU$ PANTA$ TE-KAI
PANTA DIA= TO FERESQAI TA MESA TWN ZWIWN 'EPI TE GHN KAI 'EPI
TON "OLON 'OURANON 'ELAFRA*I FEROMENA "RUMHI. TO DE "UDATO$
PEMPTON 'ON "HMIQEON MEN 'APEIKASEIEN 'AN4 TI$ 'ORQW$ 'APEIKAZWN
'EX 'AUTOU4 GEGONENAI, KAI TOUT' 'EINAI TOTE= MEN "ORWMENON, 'ALLOTE
DE 'APOKRUFQEN 'ADHLON GIGNOMENON, QAUMA KAT' 'AMUDRAN 'OYIN
<P 985C>
PARECOMENON. TOUTWN DH TWN PENTE 'ONTW$ 'ONTWN0 ZWIWN, "OPHI
TINE$ 'ENETUCON "HMWN, 'H= KAQ' "UPNON 'EN 'ONEIROPOLIA\ PROSTUCONTE$,
'H= KATA FHMA$ TE-KAI MANTEIA$ LECQEN TISIN 'EN 'AKOAI$
"UGIAINOUSIN4 'H=-KAI KAMNOUSIN4, 'H=-KAI TELEUTHI BIOU PROSTUCESI
GENOMENOI$, 'IDIA\ TE-KAI DHMOSIA\ DOXA$ PARAGENOMENA$, "OQEN
"IERA POLLA POLLWN GEGONEN0, TA DE GENHSETAI, TOUTWN PANTWN
NOMOQETH$, "OSTI$ NOUN KE=KTHTAI KAI TON BRACUTATON, 'OUPOTE
MH TOLMHSHI6 KAINOTOMWN, 'EPI QEOSEBEIAN "HTI$ MH SAFE$ 'ECEI0
<P 985D>
TI TREYAI0 POLIN "EAUTOU; KAI-MHN-'OUD' "WN "O PATRIO$ NOMO$
'EIRHKEN0 PERI= QUSIWN 'APOKWLUSEI2, MHDEN TO PARAPAN 'EIDW$,
"WSPER 'OUD' 'ON DUNATON 'EIDENAI THI QNHTHI FUSEI TWN TOIOUTWN
PE=RI. TOU$ DE 'ONTW$ "HMIN FANEROU$ 'ONTA$ QEOU$ 'A*R' 'OUC
"AUTO$ LOGO$ 'ECEI0 KAKISTOU$ 'EINAI TOU$ MH TOLMWNTA$ LEGEIN
"HMIN KAI FANEROU$ POIEIN 'ANORGIASTOU$ TE 'ONTA$ "ETEROU$
QEOU$ KAI TIMA$ MH DECOMENOU$ TA$ PROSHKOUSA$ 'AUTOI$: NU*N
<P 985E>
DE-DH SUMBAINEI0 GIGNOMENON "AMA TO TOIOUTON; "OION GAR 'EI
POTE TI$ "HMWN "HLION 'H= SELHNHN "EWRAKW$-'H*N GIGNOMENOU$
'EFORWNTA$ TE "HMA$ PANTA$, KAI MH 'EFRAZEN 'ADUNATO$ 'WN PHI
FRAZEIN, TIMH$ TE 'AMOIROU$ 'ONTA$ "AMA KAI MH PROQUMOITO TO
GE "AUTOU MERO$, 'EI$ 'ENTIMON CWRAN KATAFANEI$ 'AGWN 'AUTOU$,
"EORTA$ TE 'AUTOI$ GIGNESQAI POIEIN KAI QUSIA$, 'APOLAMBANOMENON
TE CRONON "EKASTOI$ MEIZONWN KAI 'ELATTONWN POLLAKI$


<P 986A>
'ENIAUTWN "WRA$ DIANEMEIN0, 'A*R' 'OUK 'AN4 KAKO$ "EAUTWI TE-KAI
'ALLWI TW*I GIGNWSKONTI LEGOMENO$ 'EN DIKHI SUNEDOKEI LEGESQAI
POT' 'AN4:
KL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=K, 'W* XENE: KAKISTO$ MEN-'OUN.
AQ _ TOUTO TOINUN, 'W* KLEINIA FILE, PERI= 'EME NU*N GIGNOMENON
'ISQI FANERW$.
KL _ PW*$ LEGEI$:
AQ _ 'ISTE2 'OKTW DUNAMEI$ TWN PERI= "OLON 'OURANON GEGONUIA$
'ADELFA$ 'ALLHLWN, "WN KAQEWRAKA 'EGW % KAI 'OUDEN MEGA DIAPEPRAGMAI;
<P 986B>
"RA\DION GAR-KAI "ETERWI % TOUTWN D' 'EISI TREI$ "AUTAI,
MIA MEN "HLIOU, MIA DE SELHNH$, MIA DE TWN PLANHTWN8 'ASTRWN
"WN 'EMNHSQHMEN 'OLIGON 'EMPROSQEN, PENTE DE "ETERAI. TAUTA$
DH PASA$ KAI TOUTOU$ TOU$ 'EN TAUTAISIN 'EI=TE 'AUTOU$ 'IONTA$ 'EI=TE
FEROMENOU$ 'EN 'OCHMASI POREUESQAI TAUTHI, MHDEI$ 'ALLW$ POTE
NOMISHI6 PANTWN "HMWN "W$ "OI MEN QEOI 'EISIN 'AUTWN, "OI D' 'OU=,
MHD' "W$ "OI MEN GNHSIOI, "OI DE TOIOUTOI TINE$ "OIOU$ 'OUDE QEMI$
'EIPEIN "HMWN 'OUDENI, PANTE$ DE-DH PANTA$ LEGWMEN TE-KAI
<P 986C>
FWMEN 'ADELFOU$ T' 'EINAI KAI 'EN 'ADELFAI$ MOIRAI$, KAI TIMA$
'APODIDWMEN MH TW*I MEN 'ENIAUTON, TW*I DE MHNA, TOI$ DE-MHTE
TINA MOIRAN TATTWMEN MHTE TINA CRONON 'EN "WI DIEXERCETAI
TON "AUTOU POLON, SUNAPOTELWN0 KOSMON "ON 'ETAXEN LOGO$ "O
PANTWN QEIOTATO$ "ORATON; "ON "O MEN 'EUDAIMWN PRWTON MEN
'EQAUMASEN, 'EPEITA DE 'ERWTA 'ESCEN TOU* KATAMAQEIN "OPOSA
QNHTHI FUSEI DUNATA, "HGOUMENO$ 'ARISQ' "OUTW$ 'EUTUCESTATA TE
<P 986D>
DIAXEIN TON BION TELEUTHSA$ TE 'EI$ TOPOU$ "HXEIN PROSHKONTA$
'ARETHI, KAI MEMUHMENO$ 'ALHQW$ TE-KAI 'ONTW$, METALABWN
FRONHSEW$ "EI$ 'WN MIA$, TON 'EPILOIPON CRONON QEWRO$ TWN
KALLISTWN GENOMENO$, "OSA KAT' 'OYIN, DIATELEI20. NU*N DH TO
META TOUQ' "HMIN LOIPON LEGEIN "OSOI T' 'EISIN, KAI TI=NE$; 'OU-GAR
<P 986E>
MHPOTE FANWMEN YEUDEI$. BEBAIW$ DH DIISCURIZOMAI TO GE
TOSOUTON. LEGW0 GAR PALIN 'OKTW MEN 'EINAI, TWN DE 'OKTW
TREI$ MEN 'EIRHSQAI, PENTE D' 'ETI LOIPA$. "H TETARTH DE FORA
KAI DIEXODO$ "AMA KAI PEMPTH TACEI MEN "HLIWI SCEDON 'ISH, KAI-'OUTE
BRADUTE=RA 'OUTE QATTWN TO G' 'EPIPAN. DEI TOUTWN TRIWN
'ONTWN0 TON NOUN "IKANON 'ECONTA "HGEISQAI. LEGWMEN DH TAUTA$
"HLIOU T' 'EINAI KAI "EWSFOROU, KAI TRITOU % "W$ MEN 'ONOMATI
FRAZEIN 'OUK 'ESTIN2 DIA= TO MH GIGNWSKESQAI, TOUTOU D' 'AITIO$
"O PRWTO$ TAUTA KATIDWN BARBARO$ 'WN; PALAIO$ GAR-DH


<P 987A>
TROPO$ 'EQREYEN TOU$ PRWTOU$ TAUTA 'ENNOHSANTA$ DIA= TO
KALLO$ TH$ QERINH$ "WRA$, "HN 'AIGUPTO$ TE SURIA Q' "IKANW$
KE=KTHTAI, FANEROU$ MEN "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN 'ASTERA$ 'AEI SUMPANTA$
KAQORWNTA$, "ATE NEFWN KAI "UDATWN 'APOPROSQEN 'AEI
TOU* KOSMOU KEKTHMENOU$, "OQEN KAI PANTACOSE KAI DEUR'
'EXHKEI0, BEBASANISMENA CRONWI MURIETEI TE-KAI 'APEIRWI. DIO
QARROUNTA CRH TAUTA 'EI$ NOMOU$ QESQAI % TO GAR MH TI=MIA
TA QEI*A 'EINAI, TA DE TI=MIA, SAFW$ 'OUK 'EMFRONWN % "OTI4 DE 'OUK
<P 987B>
'ONOMATA 'ESCHKEN0, THN GE 'AITIAN CRH LEGESQAI TAUTHN. 'ALLA=-GAR
'EPWNUMIAN 'EILHFASIN QEWN; "O MEN-GAR "EWSFORO$ "ESPERO$
TE 'WN "AUTO$ 'AFRODITH$ 'EINAI SCEDON 'ECEI0 LOGON KAI MALA
SURIWI NOMOQETHI PREPON, "O D' "OMODROMO$ "HLIWI TE "AMA KAI
TOUTWI SCEDON "ERMOU. TREI$ D' 'ETI FORA$ LEGWMEN 'EPI DEXIA
POREUOMENWN META SELHNH$ TE-KAI "HLIOU. "ENA DE TON 'OGDOON
CRH LEGEIN, "ON MALISTA TI$ 'AN4 KOSMON PROSAGOREUOI, "O$4 'ENANTIO$
'EKEINOI$ SUMPASIN POREUETAI, 'OUK7 'AGWN TOU$ 'ALLOU$,
"W$ GE 'ANQRWPOI$ FAINOIT' 'AN4 'OLIGA TOUTWN 'EIDOSIN. "OSA DE
<P 987C>
"IKANW$ 'ISMEN, 'ANAGKH LEGEIN KAI LEGOMEN; "H GAR 'ONTW$
'OUSA SOFIA TAUTHI PHI FAINETAI TW*I KAI SMIKRA SUNNOIA$ 'ORQH$
QEIA$ TE METEILHFOTI. LOIPOI DH TREI$ 'ASTERE$, "WN "EI$ MEN
BRADUTHTI DIAFERWN 'AUTWN 'ESTI, KRONOU D' 'AUTON TINE$ 'EPWNUMIAN
FQEGGONTAI; TON DE META TOUTON BRADUTHTI LEGEIN
CRH DIO$, 'AREW$ DE "O META TOUTON, PANTWN DE "OUTO$
'ERUQRWTATON 'ECEI0 CRWMA. CALEPON DE 'OUDEN TOUTWN KATANOHSAI0
<P 987D>
TINA FRAZONTO$ TINO$, 'ALLA= MAQONTA, "W$ LEGOMEN,
"HGEISQAI DEI.
TODE GE-MHN DIANOHQHNAI CRH PANT' 'ANDRA "ELLHNA, "W$
TOPON 'ECOMEN TON TWN "ELLHNWN PRO$ 'ARETHN 'EN TOI$ SCEDON
'ARISTON; TO D' 'EPAINETON 'AUTOU4 CRH LEGEIN "OTI4 MESO$ 'AN4 'EIH
CEIMWNWN TE-KAI TH$ QERINH$ FUSEW$, "H D' "USTEROUSA "HMIN
'EI$ TO QERINON FUSI$ TOU* PERI= TON 'EKEI TOPON, "OPER 'EIPOMEN,
"USTERON 'AUTOI$ PARADEDWKEN0 TO TOUTWN TWN QEWN TOU* KOSMOU
KATANOHMA. LABWMEN DE "W$ "OTIPER2 'AN4 "ELLHNE$ BARBARWN
<P 987E>
PARALABWSI, KALLION TOUTO 'EI$ TELO$ 'APERGAZONTAI; KAI-DH-KAI
PERI= TA NU*N LEGOMENA 'TAUTON DEI DIANOHQHNAI TOUTO, "W$
CALEPON MEN PANTA TA TOIAUTA 'ANAMFISBHTHTW$ 'EXEURISKEIN,


<P 988A>
POLLH D' 'ELPI$ "AMA KAI KALH KALLION KAI DIKAIOTERON
'ONTW$ TH$ 'EK TWN BARBARWN 'ELQOUSH$ FHMH$ TE "AMA KAI
QERAPEIA$ PANTWN TOUTWN TWN QEWN 'EPIMELHSESQAI TOU$
"ELLHNA$, PAIDEIAI$ TE-KAI 'EK DELFWN MANTEIAI$ CRWMENOU$
KAI PASHI THI KATA NOMOU$ QERAPEIA\. TODE DE MHDEI$
POTE FOBHQHI TWN "ELLHNWN, "W$ 'OU CRH PERI= TA QEI*A POTE
PRAGMATEUESQAI QNHTOU$ 'ONTA$, PAN DE TOUTWI DIANOHQHNAI
'TOUNANTION, "W$ 'OUTE 'AFRON 'ESTIN POTE TO QEION 'OUTE 'AGNOEI0
<P 988B>
POU THN 'ANQRWPINHN FUSIN, 'ALL' 'OIDEN "OTI4 DIDASKONTO$ 'AUTOU4
SUNAKOLOUQHSEI2 KAI MAQHSETAI TA DIDASKOMENA. "OTI4 DE
DIDASKEI0 TOUTO 'AUTO "HMA$, MANQANOMEN DE "HMEI$ 'ARIQMON TE-KAI
'ARIQMEIN, 'OIDEN DHPOU. PANTWN GAR 'AFRONESTATON 'AN4 'EIH
TOUTO 'AGNOOUN; TO LEGOMENON GAR 'AN4 'ONTW$ 'AUTO "AUTO 'AGNOOI,
CALEPAINON TW*I DUNAMENWI MANQANEIN, 'ALL' 'OU SUGCAIRON 'ANEU
FQONOU DIA= QEON 'AGAQWI GENOMENWI. LOGON DH-KAI POLUN KAI
<P 988C>
KALON 'ECEI0, TO=TE MEN, "OTE PERI= QEWN 'H*N 'ANQRWPOI$ DIANOHMATA
PRWTA, "W$ TE 'EGENONTO "OIOI TE 'EGIGNONTO KAI "O MEN-KAI "OIA$
METECEIRIZONTO PRAXEI$, MH KATA NOUN TOI$ SWFROSIN LEGESQAI
MHDE FILW$, MHD' "W$ "OI DEUTEROI, 'EN "OI$ PRESBUTATA MEN TA
PURO$ 'ELEGETO KAI "UDATO$ KAI TWN 'ALLWN SWMATWN, "U=STERA DE
TA TH$ QAUMASTH$ YUCH$, KAI FORA KREITTWN KAI TIMIWTE=RA, "HN
SWMA 'EILHCEN0 FEREIN 'AUTO TE "EAUTO QERMOTHTI KAI YUXESIN
KAI PASIN TOI$ TOIOUTOI$, 'ALL' 'OU YUCH SWMA TE-KAI "EAUTHN;
<P 988D>
NU*N D' "OTE LEGOMEN YUCHN MEN, 'ANPER 'EN SWMATI GENHTAI,
QAUMA 'OUDEN KINEIN TE-KAI PERIFEREIN TOUTO KAI "EAUTHN, 'OUD'
"HMIN 'APISTEI0 YUCH KATA LOGON 'OUDENA "W$ BARO$ 'OUDEN PERIFEREIN
DUNAMENH. DIO KAI NU*N "HMWN 'AXIOUNTWN0, YUCH$ 'OUSH$
'AITIA$ TOU* "OLOU, KAI PANTWN MEN TWN 'AGAQWN 'ONTWN0 TOIOUTWN,
TWN DE 'AU FLAURWN TOIOUTWN 'ALLWN, TH$ MEN FORA$ PASH$
<P 988E>
KAI KINHSEW$ YUCHN 'AITIAN 'EINAI QAUMA 'OUDEN, THN D' 'EPI
'TAGAQON FORAN KAI KINHSIN TH$ 'ARISTH$ YUCH$ 'EINAI, THN D'
'EPI 'TOUNANTION 'ENANTIAN, NENIKHKENAI DEI KAI NIKAN TA 'AGAQA
TA MH TOIAUTA.
TAUTA "HMIN 'EIRHTAI PANTA KATA THN TWN 'ANOSIWN TIMWRON
DE8 DIKHN; PERI= DE-DH TO DOKIMAZOMENON 'OUC "OION-TE "HMIN
'APISTEIN "W$ 'OU DEI TON GE 'AGAQON SOFON "HMA$ "HGEISQAI,


<P 989A>
THN DE SOFIAN TAUTHN, "HN ZHTOUMEN PALAI, 'IDWMEN 'AN2 POT'
'A=RA 'EPINOHSWMEN 'H= KATA PAIDEIAN 'H= KATA TECNHN, "HNTINA TOU*
GIGNWSKEIN 'ENDEEI$ 'ONTE$ TWN DIKAIWN 'AGNWMONE$ 'AN4 'EIMEN
'ONTE$ TOIOUTOI. DOKOUMEN DH MOI, KAI LEKTEON; 'ANW GAR-KAI
KATW ZHTWN "HI MOI KATAFANH$ GEGONEN0, PEIRASOMAI DHLHN
"UMIN 'AUTHN 'APOTELEIN0. TO DH MEGISTON 'ARETH$ 'OU KALW$
PRATTOMENON "HMIN GEGONEN0 'AITION, "W$ 'ARTI SHMAINEIN 'EK TWN
<P 989B>
'EIRHMENWN MOI SFO=DRA DOKEI0. MEIZON MEN-GAR 'ARETH$ MHDEI$
"HMA$ POTE PEISHI6 TH$ 'EUSEBEIA$ 'EINAI TW*I QNHTWI GENEI; TOUTO
D' "OTI4 DI' 'AMAQIAN THN MEGISTHN 'EN TAI$ 'ARISTAI$ FUSESIN
'OU GEGONEN0, LEKTEON. 'ARISTAI D' 'EISIN "AI CALEPWTATA MEN 'AN4
GENOMENAI, MEGISTON DE 'OFELO$, 'AN2 GIGNWNTAI; TA TE-GAR TH$
BRADEIA$ TE-KAI TH$ 'ENANTIA$ FUSEW$ METRIW$ 'APODECOMENH
YUCH KAI PRA\W$, 'EUKOLO$ 'AN4 'EIH, THN TE 'ANDREIAN 'AGAMENH,
KAI PRO$ TO SWFRONEIN 'EUPEIQH$, KAI TO GE MEGISTON, 'EN
<P 989C>
TAUTAI$ TAI$ FUSESIN DUNAMENH MANQANEIN KAI MNHMWN 'OUSA,
'EU MALA CAIREIN TOUTOI$ 'AUTOI$ DUNAIT' 'AN4 FILOMAQH$ "WST'
'EINAI. TAUTA GAR-'OUTE "RA&DIA FUESQAI, GENOMENA TE-KAI
TROFH$ KAI PAIDEIA$ TUCONTA "H$ DEI, TOU$ PLEISTOU$ 'AUTWN
KAI CEIROU$ KATECEIN 'ORQAOTATA DUNAIT' 'AN4 TW*I FRONEIN KAI
PRATTEIN KAI LEGEIN PERI= QEOU$ "EKASTA "W$ DEI TE-KAI "OTE DEI,
PERI= QUSIA$ TE-KAI KAQARMOU$ TWN PERI= QEOU$ TE-KAI 'ANQRWPOU$,
'OU SCHMASI TECNAZONTA$, 'ALLA= 'ALHQEIA\ TIMWNTA$
<P 989D>
'ARETHN, "O= DH-KAI MEGISTON 'ESTI SUMPANTWN PASHI THI POLEI.
TOUTO DH-'OUN TO MERO$ 'EINAI FAMEN FUSEI KURIWTATON KAI
DUNATON "W$ "OION-TE KALLISTA KAI 'ARISTA MAQEIN, 'EI DIDASKOI
TI$. 'ALL'-'OUD' 'AN4 DIDAXEIEN, 'EI MH QEO$ "UFHGOITO; 'EI T'-'OUN
DIDASKOI, KATA TROPON DE MH DRWI TO TOIOUTON, KREITTON MH
MANQANEIN. "OMW$ D' 'EK TWN NU*N LEGOMENWN 'ANAGKH MAQEIN
TAUTA KAI 'EME LEGEIN THN TOIAUTHN TE-KAI 'ARISTHN FUSIN.
<P 989E>
PEIRWMEQA2 DH TW*I TE LOGWI DIEXELQEIN "A T' 'ESTIN KAI "OI*A KAI
"W$ DEI MANQANEIN, KATA DUNAMIN THN T' 'EMHN TOU* LEGONTO$


<P 990A>
KAI THN TWN DUNAMENWN 'EISAKOUSAI0, QEOSEBEIA$ "WITINI TROPWI
TI$ TI=NA MAQHSETAI. SCEDON MEN-'OUN 'ESTIN 'ATOPON 'AKOUSANTI,
TO D' 'ONOMA 'AUTOU4 LEGOMEN "HMEI$ GE, "O= TI$ 'OUK 'AN4 POTE
DOXEIEN DI' 'APEIRIAN TOU* PRAGMATO$ % 'ASTRONOMIAN % 'AGNOEI0 TE
"OTI4 SOFWTATON 'ANAGKH TON 'ALHQW$ 'ASTRONOMON 'EINAI, MH TON
KAQ' "HSIODON 'ASTRONOMOUNTA KAI PANTA$ TOU$ TOIOUTOU$, "OION
DUSMA$ TE-KAI 'ANATOLA$ 'EPESKEMMENON, 'ALLA= TON TWN 'OKTW
PERIODWN TA$ "EPTA PERIODOU$, DIEXIOUSH$ TON "AUTWN KUKLON
<P 990B>
"EKASTH$ "OUTW$ "W$ 'OUK 'AN4 "RA\DIW$ POTE PASA FUSI$ "IKANH
GENOITO QEWRHSAI0, MH QAUMASTH$ METECOUSA FUSEW$. "O= NU*N
'EIRHKAMEN 'EROUMEN2 TE, "W$ FAMEN, "OPHI DEI TE-KAI "OPW$ CREWN
MANQANEIN; PRWTON D' "HMIN TODE LEGESQW.
SELHNH MEN PERIODON THN "AUTH$ TACISTA DIEXEISIN, 'AGOUSA
MHNA KAI PANSELHNON PRWTHN; DEUTERON DE KATANOEIN DEI
TON "HLION, TROPA$ 'AGONTA DIA= PASH$ TH$ "AUTOU PERIODOU, KAI
TOUTWI TOU$ SUNDROMOU$. "INA DE MH POLLAKI$ 'TAUTA PERI=
<P 990C>
TWN 'AUTWN DIALEGWMEQA, TA$ 'ALLA$ "OSA$ 'EN TW*I PROSQEN
DIEXHLQOMEN "ODOU$ TOUTWN 'OU "RA\DION SUNNOEIN, 'EPI DE TAUTA
PARASKEUAZONTA$ FUSEI$ "OIA$ DUNATON 'EINAI, CREWN POLLA
PRODIDASKONTA KAI 'EQIZONTA 'AEI DIAPONHSASQAI PAIDA 'ONTA
KAI NEANISKON. DIO MAQHMATWN DEON 'AN4 'EIH; TO DE MEGISTON
TE-KAI PRWTON KAI 'ARIQMWN 'AUTWN 'ALL' 'OU SWMATA 'ECONTWN0,
'ALLA= "OLH$ TH$ TOU* PERITTOU TE-KAI 'ARTIOU GENESEW$ TE-KAI
DUNAMEW$, "OSHN PARECETAI PRO$ THN TWN 'ONTWN0 FUSIN.
<P 990D>
TAUTA DE MAQONTI TOUTOI$ 'EFEXH$ 'ESTIN "O= KALOUSI0 MEN
SFO=DRA GELOION 'ONOMA GEWMETRIAN, TWN 'OUK 'ONTWN0 DE
"OMOIWN 'ALLHLOI$ FUSEI 'ARIQMWN "OMOIWSI$ PRO$ THN TWN
'EPIPEDWN MOIRAN GEGONUIA-'ESTIN DIAFANH$; "O= DH QAUMA 'OUK
'ANQRWPINON 'ALLA= GEGONO$ QEION FANERON 'AN4 GIGNOITO TW*I
DUNAMENWI SUNNOEIN. META DE TAUTHN TOU$ TRI$ 'HUXHMENOU$
KAI THI STEREA*I FUSEI "OMOIOU$; TOU$ DE 'ANOMOIOU$ 'AU GEGONOTA$
"ETERA\ TECNHI "OMOIOI*0, TAUTHI "HN DH STEREOMETRIAN 'EKALESAN
<P 990E>
"OI PROSTUCEI$ 'AUTHI GEGONOTE$; "O= DE QEION T' 'ESTIN KAI QAUMASTON
TOI$ 'EGKAQORWSI4 TE-KAI DIANOOUMENOI$ "W$ PERI= TO
DIPLASION 'AEI STREFOMENH$ TH$ DUNAMEW$ KAI TH$ 'EX 'ENANTIA$
TAUTHI KAQ' "EKASTHN 'ANALOGIAN 'EIDO$ KAI GENO$ 'APOTUPOUTAI


<P 991A>
PASA "H FUSI$. "H MEN-DH PRWTH TOU* DIPLASIOU KAT' 'ARIQMON
"EN PRO$ DUO KATA LOGON FEROMENH, DIPLASION DE "H KATA
DUNAMIN 'OUSA; "H D' 'EI$ TO STEREON TE-KAI "APTON PALIN 'AU
DIPLASION, 'AF' "ENO$ 'EI$ 'OKTW DIAPOREUQEISA; "H DE DIPLASIOU
MEN 'EI$ MESON, 'ISW$ DE TOU* 'ELATTONO$ PLEON 'ELATTON TE TOU*
MEIZONO$, TO D' "ETERON TW*I 'AUTWI MEREI TWN 'AKRWN 'AUTWN
"UPERECON TE-KAI "UPERECOMENON % 'EN MESWI DE TOU* "EX PRO$ TA
<P 991B>
DWDEKA SUNEBH TO TE "HMIOLION KAI 'EPITRITON % TOUTWN 'AUTWN
'EN TW*I MESWI 'EP' 'AMFO=TERA STREFOMENH TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ SUMFWNON
CREIAN KAI SUMMETRON 'APENEIMATO PAIDIA$ "RUQMOU TE-KAI
"ARMONIA$ CARIN, 'EUDAIMONI COREIA\ MOUSWN DEDOMENH.
TAUTA MEN-'OUN-DH TAUTHI GIGNESQW TE-KAI 'ECETW SUMPANTA;
TO D' 'EPI TOUTOI$ TELO$, 'EI$ QEIAN GENESIN "AMA KAI THN
TWN "ORATWN KALLISTHN TE-KAI QEIOTATHN FUSIN 'ITEON, "OSHN
'ANQRWPOI$ QEO$ 'EDWKEN KATIDEIN, "HN 'OUPOTE 'ANEU TWN NU*N
<P 991C>
DIEIRHMENWN MH KATIDWN 'EPEUXHTAI TI$ "RA\STWNHI PARALABEIN.
PRO$ TOUTOI$ DE TO KAQ' "EN TW*I KAT' 'EIDH PROSAKTEON 'EN
"EKASTAI$ TAI$ SUNOUSIAI$, 'ERWTWNTA TE-KAI 'ELEGCONTA TA MH
KALW$ "RHQENTA; PANTW$ GAR KALLISTH KAI PRWTH BASANO$
'ANQRWPOI$ 'ORQW$ GIGNETAI, "OSAI DE 'OUK 'OUSAI PROSPOIOUNTAI,
MATAIOTATO$ PONO$ "APANTWN. 'ETI DE THN 'AKRIBEIAN TOU*
CRONOU "HMIN LHPTEON, "W$ 'AKRIBW$ 'APOTELEI0 PANTA TA KAT'
<P 991D>
'OURANON GIGNOMENA, "IN' "O PISTEUSA$ "W$ "O LOGO$ 'ALHQH$
GEGONEN0 "OTI4 PRESBUTERON T' 'ESTIN "AMA KAI QEIOTERON YUCH
SWMATO$, "HGHSAIT' 'AN4 PAGKALW$ TE-KAI "IKANW$ 'EIRHSQAI TO
QEWN1 'EINAI1 PANTA1 PLEA1 KAI MHDEPOTE LHQHI MHDE 'AMELEIA\ TWN
KREITTONWN "HMA$ PARWLIGWRHSQAI. NOHTEON D' 'ESTIN PERI=
PANTA TA TOIAUTA TODE, "W$, 'EA=N MEN TI$ "EKASTA TOUTWN 'ORQW$
LAMBANHI5, MEG' 'OFELO$ GIGNETAI TW*I PARALAMBANONTI KATA
TROPON, 'EI DE MH, QEON 'AMEINON 'AEI KALEIN0; "O DE TROPO$ "ODE
<P 991E> %
'ANAGKH GAR TO GE TOSOUTON FRAZEIN % PAN DIAGRAMMA
'ARIQMOU TE SUSTHMA KAI "ARMONIA$ SUSTASIN "APASAN TH$ TE
TWN 'ASTRWN PERIFORA$ THN "OMOLOGIAN 'OUSAN MIAN "APANTWN
'ANAFANHNAI DEI TW*I KATA TROPON MANQANONTI, FANHSETAI DE,
'AN2, "O= LEGOMEN, 'ORQW$ TI$ 'EI$ "EN BLEPWN MANQANHI5 % DESMO$


<P 992A>
GAR PEFUKW$ PANTWN TOUTWN "EI$ 'ANAFANHSETAI DIANOOUMENOI$ %
'EI D' 'ALLW$ PW$ TAUTA METACEIRIEITAI TI$, TUCHN DEI KALEIN0,
"WSPER KAI LEGOMEN. 'OU-GAR 'ANEU GE TOUTWN MHPOTE TI$ 'EN
POLESIN 'EUDAIMWN GENHTAI FUSI$, 'ALL' "OUTO$ "O TROPO$, "AU=TH
"H TROFH, TAUTA TA MAQHMATA; 'EI=TE CALEPA 'EI=TE "RA&DIA, TAUTHI
POREUTEON. 'AMELHSAI0 DE 'OU QEMITON 'ESTIN QEWN, KATAFANOU$
GENOMENH$ TH$ PANTWN 'AUTWN KATA TROPON LEGOMENH$ FHMH$
<P 992B>
'EUTUCOU$. TON DE SUMPANTA TAUTA "OUTW$ 'EILHFOTA, TOUTON
LEGW0 TON 'ALHQESTATA SOFWTATON; "ON KAI DIISCURIZOMAI
PAIZWN KAI SPOUDAZWN "AMA, "OTE QANATWI TI$ TWN TOIOUTWN
THN "AUTOU MOIRAN 'ANAPLHSEI2, SCEDON 'EANPER 'ET' 'APOQANWN
'HI, MHTE MEQEXEIN 'ETI POLLWN TO=TE KAQAPER NU*N 'AISQHSEWN,
MIA$ TE MOIRA$ METEILHFOTA MONON KAI 'EK POLLWN "ENA
GEGONOTA, 'EUDAIMONA TE 'ESESQAI KAI SOFWTATON "AMA KAI
MAKARION, 'EI=TE TI$ 'EN 'HPEIROI$ 'EI=T' 'EN NHSOI$ MAKARIO$ 'WN
<P 992C>
ZHI0, 'KAKEINON MEQEXEIN TH$ TOIAUTH$ 'AEI TUCH$, 'KEI=TE DHMOSIA\
TI$ 'EPITHDEUSA$ TAUTA 'EI=TE 'IDIA\ DIABIWI0, TA 'AUTA KAI "WSAUTW$
'AUTON PRAXEIN PARA QEWN. "O= DE KAT' 'ARCA$ TE 'ELEGOMEN,
KAI NU*N "AUTO$ PARESTI LOGO$ 'ALHQH$ 'ONTW$, "W$ 'OU DUNATON
'ANQRWPOI$ TELEW$ MAKARIOI$ TE-KAI 'EUDAIMOSI GENESQAI PLHN
'OLIGWN, 'ESTIN TAUTA 'ORQW$ 'EIRHMENA; "OPOSOI GAR QEIOI KAI
SWFRONE$ "AMA TH$ 'ALLH$ TE METECONTE$ 'ARETH$ FUSEI, PRO$
<P 992D>
DE TOUTOI$ "OSA MAQHMATO$ 'ECETAI MAKARIOU PANTA 'EILHFOTE$ %
"A D' 'ESTIN 'EIRHKAMEN % TOUTOISIN MONOI$ TA TOU* DAIMONIOU
SUMPANTA "IKANW$ 'EILHCE0 TE-KAI 'ECEI0. TOI$ MEN-'OUN TAUTA
"OUTW DIAPONHSASIN 'IDIA\ LEGOMEN KAI DHMOSIA\ KATA NOMON
TIQEMEN, 'EI$ PRESBUTOU TELO$ 'AFIKOMENOI$ TA$ MEGISTA$
'ARCA$ PARADIDOSQAI DEIN, TOU$ D' 'ALLOU$ TOUTOI$ SUNEPOMENOU$
'EUFHMEIN PANTA$ QEOU$ "AMA KAI PASA$, KAI TON
NUKTERINON SULLOGON 'EPI TAUTHN THN SOFIAN "IKANW$ GNONTA$
<P 992E>
TE-KAI DOKIMASANTA$ "HMA$ 'ORQOTATA PANTA$ PARAKALEIN0.


<B EPIST1>


<P 309A>
PLATWN DIONUSIWI 'EU PRATTEIN. DIATRIYA$ 'EGW PAR' "UMIN CRONON TOSOUTON KAI DIOIKWN
THN "UMETERAN 'ARCHN PEPISTEUMENO$ PANTWN MALISTA, TA$
'WFELIA$ "UMWN LAMBANONTWN0, TA$ DIABOLA$ DUSCEREI$ 'OUSA$
"UPEMENON; 'HIDH GAR "OTI4 TWN 'WMOTERWN 'OUDEN 'EMOU4 SUNEQELONTO$
"UMIN DOXEI2 PEPRACQAI; PANTE$ GAR "OI SUMPOLITEUOMENOI
<P 309B>
MEQ' "UMWN "UPARCOUSI0 MOI MARTURE$, "WN 'EGW POLLOI$
SUNHGWNISAMHN, 'APOLUSA$ 'AUTOU$ 'OU SMIKRA$ ZHMIA$. 'AUTOKRATWR
DE POLLAKI$ THN "UMETERAN POLIN DIAFULAXA$,
'APEPEMFQHN 'ATIMOTERON 'H= PTWCON "UMWN 'APOSTELLONTWN0
PROSHKEI0 KAI KELEUONTWN0 'EKPLEUSAI0, TOSOUTON PAR' "UMIN
DIATRIYANTA CRONON. 'EGW MEN-'OUN PERI= 'EMAUTOU BOULEUSOMAI
TO LOIPON TROPON 'APANQRWPOTERON, SU9 DE9 TOIOUTO$9
'WN9 TURANNO$9 'OIKHSEI$9 MONO$9. TO DE CRUSION TO LAMPRON,
<P 309C>
"OPER 'EDWKA$ 'EI$ 'APOSTOLHN, 'AGEI0 SOI4 BAKCEIO$ "O THN 'EPISTOLHN
FERWN; 'OUTE-GAR 'EFODION 'EKEINO G' 'H*N "IKANON 'OUTE
PRO$ TON 'ALLON BION SUMFERON, 'ADOXIAN DE PLEISTHN TW*I
DIDONTI SOI4 PARASKEUAZON, 'OU POLLWI DE 'ELATTW 'KAMOI4 LAMBANONTI,
DIOPER 'OU LAMBANW0. SOI4 D' 'OUDEN DIAFEREI0 DHLON
"OTI4 KAI LABEIN KAI DOUNAI0 TOSOUTON, "WSTE KOMISAMENO$
'ALLON TINA TWN "ETAIRWN QERAPEUSON2 "WSPER 'EME; 'KAGW GAR
<P 309D>
"IKANW$ "UPO SOU4 TEQERAPEUMAI. KAI MOI TO TOU* 'EURIPIDOU
KATA KAIRON 'ESTIN 'EIPEIN, "OTI4 SOI4 PRAGMATWN9 'ALLWN9 POTE9
SUMPESONTWN93 %
'EUXHI92 TOIOUTON9 'ANDRA9 SOI94 PARESTANAI9.
"UPOMNHSAI0 DE SE BOULOMAI DIOTI KAI TWN 'ALLWN TRAGWIDOPOIWN
"OI PLEISTOI, "OTAN "UPO TINO$ 'APOQNHISKONTA TURANNON
'EISAGWSIN, 'ANABOWNTA POIOUSIN0 %


<P 310A>
FILWN9 'ERHMO$9, 'W*9 TALA$9, 'APOLLUMAI9;
CRUSIOU DE SPANEI 'APOLLUMENON 'OUDEI$ PEPOIHKEN0. 'KAKEINO
DE TO POIHMA TOI$ NOUN 'ECOUSIN4 'OU KAKW$ 'ECEIN DOKEI0 %
'OU9 CRUSO$9 'AGLAO$9 SPANIWTATO$9 'EN9 QNATWN9 DUSELPISTWI9
BIWI9,
'OUD'9 'ADAMA$9 'OUD'9 'ARGUROU9 KLINAI9 PRO$9 'ANQRWPON9
DOKIMAZOMEN'9 'ASTRAPTEI90 PRO$9 'OYEI$9;
'OUDE9 GAIA$9 'EURUPEDOU9 GONIMOI9 BRIQONTE$9 'AUTARKEI$9
GUAI9,
"W$9 'AGAQWN9 'ANDRWN9 "OMOFRADMWN9 NOHSI$9.
<P 310B>
'ERRWSO, KAI GIGNWSKE TOSOUTON "HMWN DIHMARTHKW$, "INA
PRO$ TOU$ 'ALLOU$ BELTION PROSFERHI3.


<B EPIST2>

<P 310B>
WWW
WWW
PLATWN DIONUSIWI 'EU PRATTEIN.
'HKOUSA 'ARCEDHMOU "OTI4 SU "HGHI0 CRHNAI0 PERI= SOU4 MH
MONON 'EME "HSUCIAN 'AGEIN, 'ALLA=-KAI TOU$ 'EMOU$ 'EPITHDEIOU$
TOU* FLAURON TI POIEIN 'H= LEGEIN PERI= SE; DIWNA DE MONON
<P 310C>
'EXAIRETON POIHI0. "OUTO$ DE "O LOGO$ SHMAINEI0, TO DIWNA 'EXAIRETON
'EINAI, "OTI4 'OUK 'ARCW0 'EGW TWN 'EMWN 'EPITHDEIWN; 'EI
GAR 'HRCON 'EGW "OUTW TWN TE 'ALLWN KAI SOU4 KAI DIWNO$,
PLEIW 'AN4 'H*N "HMIN TE PASIN 'AGAQA TOI$ TE 'ALLOI$ "ELLHSIN,
"W$ 'EGW FHMI. NU*N DE MEGA$ 'EGW 'EIMI 'EMAUTON PARECWN
TW*I 'EMWI LOGWI "EPOMENON. KAI TAUTA LEGW0 "W$ 'OUC "UGIE$ TI
KRATISTOLOU KAI POLUXENOU PRO$ SE 'EIRHKOTWN, "WN FASI0
<P 310D>
LEGEIN TON "ETERON "OTI4 'AKOUOI 'OLUMPIASI POLLWN TINWN TWN
MET' 'EMOU4 SE KAKHGOROUNTWN0. 'ISW$ GAR 'OXUTERON 'EMOU4
'AKOUEI0; 'EGW MEN-GAR 'OUK 'HKOUSA. CRH DE, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0,
"OUTWSI SE POIEIN TOU* LOIPOU, "OTAN TI TOIOUTON LEGHI5 TI$
PERI= "HMWN TINO$, GRAMMATA PEMYANTA 'EME 'ERESQAI; 'EGW
GAR 'TALHQH LEGEIN 'OUTE 'OKNHSW2 'OUTE 'AISCUNOUMAI. 'EMOI4
DE-DH-KAI SOI4 TA PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ "OUTWSI TUGCANEI0 'ECONTA;
'OUTE 'AUTOI 'AN84 'AGNWTE$ 'ESMEN 'OUDENI "ELLHNWN "W$ 'EPO$
<P 310E>
'EIPEIN, 'OUTE "H SUNOUSIA "HMWN SIGATAI0. MH LANQANETW DE
SE "OTI4 'OUD' 'EI$ TON 'EPEITA CRONON SIGHQHSETAI; TOIOUTOI "OI
PARADEDEGMENOI 'EISIN 'AUTHN, "ATE 'OUK 'OLIGHN GEGENHMENHN
'OUD' 'HREMA. TI= 'OUN-DH LEGW0 NUNI: 'ERW2 'ANWQEN 'ARXAMENO$.
PEFUKE0 SUNIENAI 'EI$ 'TAUTON FRONHSI$ TE-KAI DUNAMI$ MEGALH,
KAI TAUT' 'ALLHLA 'AEI DIWKEI0 KAI ZHTEI0 KAI SUGGIGNETAI;
'EPEITA KAI "OI 'ANQRWPOI CAIROUSIN0 PERI= TOUTWN 'AUTOI TE DIALEGOMENOI
KAI 'ALLWN 'AKOUONTE$ 'EN TE 'IDIAI$ SUNOUSIAI$ KAI


<P 311A>
'EN TAI$ POIHSESIN. "OION KAI PERI= "IERWNO$ "OTAN DIALEGWNTAI
'ANQRWPOI KAI PAUSANIOU TOU* LAKEDAIMONIOU, CAIROUSI0 THN
SIMWNIDOU SUNOUSIAN PARAFERONTE$, "A TE 'EPRAXEN KAI 'EI*PEN
PRO$ 'AUTOU$; KAI PERIANDRON TON KORINQION KAI QALHN TON
MILHSION "UMNEIN 'EIWQASIN "AMA, KAI PERIKLEA KAI 'ANAXAGORAN,
KAI KROISON 'AU KAI SOLWNA "W$ SOFOU$ KAI KURON "W$
DUNASTHN. KAI-DH TAUTA MIMOUMENOI "OI POIHTAI KREONTA MEN-KAI
<P 311B>
TEIRESIAN SUNAGOUSIN0, POLUEIDON DE-KAI MINW, 'AGAMEMNONA
DE-KAI NESTORA KAI 'ODUSSEA KAI PALAMHDH % "W$
D' 'EMOI4 DOKEI0, KAI PROMHQEA DII TAUTHI PHI SUNHGON "OI PRWTOI
'ANQRWPOI % TOUTWN DE TOU$ MEN 'EI$ DIAFORAN, TOU$ D' 'EI$
FILIAN 'ALLHLOI$ 'IONTA$, TOU$ DE TOTE= MEN 'EI$ FILIAN, TOTE=
D' 'EI$ DIAFORAN, KAI TA MEN "OMONOOUNTA$, TA DE DIAFEROMENOU$
'A\DOUSI0. PANTA DH TAUTA LEGW0 TODE BOULOMENO$ 'ENDEIXASQAI,
<P 311C>
"OTI4 'OUK, 'EPEIDAN "HMEI$ TELEUTHSWMEN, KAI "OI LOGOI
"OI PERI= "HMWN-'AUTWN SESIGHSONTAI; "WST' 'EPIMELHTEON 'AUTWN
'ESTIN. 'ANAGKH GAR, "W$ 'EOIKE0, MELEIN "HMIN KAI TOU* 'EPEITA
CRONOU, 'EPEIDH KAI TUGCANOUSIN0 KATA TINA FUSIN "OI MEN
'ANDRAPODWDESTATOI 'OUDEN FRONTIZONTE$ 'AUTOU4, "OI D' 'EPIEIKESTATOI
PAN POIOUNTE$ "OPW$ 'AN4 'EI$ TON 'EPEITA CRONON 'EU
'AKOUSWSIN. "O= DH-KAI 'EGW TEKMHRION POIOUMAI "OTI4 'ESTIN TI$
'AISQHSI$ TOI$ TEQNEWSIN TWN 'ENQADE; "AI GAR BELTISTAI
<P 311D>
YUCAI MANTEUONTAI TAUTA "OUTW$ 'ECEIN, "AI DE MOCQHROTATAI
'OU FASI0, KURIW=TERA DE TA TWN QEIWN 'ANDRWN MANTEUMATA 'H=
TA TWN MH. 'OIMAI D' 'EGWGE TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN, PERI= "WN LEGW0,
'EI 'EXEIH 'AUTOI$ 'EPANORQWSASQAI TA$ "AUTWN SUNOUSIA$, PANU
'AN4 SPOUDASAI0 "WSTE BELTIW LEGESQAI PERI= "AUTWN 'H= NU*N.
TOUTO 'OUN "HMIN 'ETI, SUN QEWI 'EIPEIN, 'EXESTIN, 'EI TI 'A=RA MH
KALW$ PEPRAKTAI KATA THN 'EMPROSQEN SUNOUSIAN, 'EPANORQWSASQAI
KAI 'ERGWI KAI LOGWI; PERI= GAR FILOSOFIAN FHMI
<P 311E>
'EGW THN 'ALHQINHN DOXAN 'ESESQAI KAI LOGON "HMWN MEN 'ONTWN0
'EPIEIKWN BELTIW, FAULWN DE, 'TOUNANTION. KAITOI PERI= TOUTOU
"HMEI$ 'EPIMELOUMENOI 'OUDEN 'AN4 'EUSEBESTERON PRATTOIMEN, 'OUD'
'AMELOUNTE$ 'ASEBESTERON. "W$ DH DEI GIGNESQAI, KAI TO
DIKAION "HI 'ECEI0, 'EGW FRASW2. 'HLQON 'EGW 'EI$ SIKELIAN DOXAN
'ECWN POLU TWN 'EN FILOSOFIA\ DIAFEREIN, BOULOMENO$ DE


<P 312A>
'ELQWN 'EI$ SURAKOUSA$ SUMMARTURA LABEIN SE, "INA MOI TIMWITO
FILOSOFIA KAI PARA TW*I PLHQEI. TOUTO D' 'OUK 'EUAGE$ MOI
'APEBH. TO D' 'AITION 'OU LEGW0 "OPER 'AN4 POLLOI 'EIPOIEN, 'ALL'
"OTI4 'EFAINOU 'OU PANU 'EMOI4 PISTEUEIN SU, 'ALL' 'EME MEN PW$
'APOPEMYASQAI 'EQELEIN, "ETEROU$ DE METAPEMYASQAI, KAI ZHTEIN
TO PRAGMA TI= TO 'EMON 'ESTIN, 'APISTWN, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0; KAI "OI
'EPI TOUTOI$ BOWNTE$ POLLOI 'HSAN, LEGONTE$ "W$ SU 'EMOU4 MEN
<P 312B>
KATEPEFRONHKA$, 'A=LLA D' 'ESPOUDAKA$. TAUTA DH DIABEBO=HTAI.
"O= DH META TAUTA DIKAION 'ESTI POIEIN, 'AKOUE, "INA
SOI4 KAI 'APOKRINWMAI "O= SU 'ERWTA*I$0, PW*$ CRH 'ECEIN 'EME KAI SE
PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$. 'EI MEN "OLW$ FILOSOFIA$ KATAPEFRONHKA$,
'EA*N CAIREIN, 'EI DE PAR' "ETEROU 'AKHKOA$ 'H= 'AUTO$ BELTIONA
"HURHKA$ TWN PAR' 'EMOI4, 'EKEINA TIMA; 'EI D'-'A=RA TA PAR' "HMWN
SOI4 'ARESKEI0, TIMHTEON KAI 'EME MALISTA. NU*N 'OUN, "WSPER
KAI 'EX 'ARCH$, SU KAQHGOU, "EYOMAI DE 'EGW; TIMWMENO$ GAR
<P 312C>
"UPO SOU4 TIMHSW2 SE, MH TIMWMENO$ DE "HSUCIAN "EXW2. 'ETI DE
SU MEN 'EME TIMWN KAI TOUTOU KAQHGOUMENO$ FILOSOFIAN
DOXEI$ TIMAN, KAI 'AUTO TOUTO, "OTI4 DIESKOPEI$ KAI 'ALLOU$,
PRO$ POLLWN 'EUDOXIAN SOI4 'OISEI2 "W$ FILOSOFWI 'ONTI. 'EGW DE
SE TIMWN MH TIMWNTA PLOUTON DOXW2 QAUMAZEIN TE-KAI DIWKEIN,
TOUTO D' 'ISMEN "OTI4 PARA PASIN 'ONOMA 'OU KALON 'ECEI0; "W$ D'
'EN KEFALAIWI 'EIPEIN, SOU4 MEN TIMWNTO$ 'AMFOTEROI$ KOSMO$,
<P 312D>
'EMOU4 DE 'ONEIDO$ 'AMFOIN. PERI= MEN-'OUN TOUTWN TAUTA.
TO DE SFAIRION 'OUK 'ORQW$ 'ECEI0; DHLWSEI2 DE SOI4 'ARCEDHMO$,
'EPEIDAN 'ELQHI6. KAI-DH-KAI PERI= TOUDE, "O= DH
TOUTOU TIMIWTERON T' 'ESTIN KAI QEIOTERON, KAI MALA SFO=DR'
'AUTWI DHLWTEON, "UPER "OU2 SU PEPOMFA$ 'APOROUMENO$. FH=I$
GAR-DH KATA TON 'EKEINOU LOGON, 'OUC "IKANW$ 'APODEDEICQAI SOI4
PERI= TH$ TOU* PRWTOU FUSEW$. FRASTEON DH SOI4 DI' 'AINIGMWN,
"IN' 'AN2 TI "H DELTO$ 'H= PONTOU 'H= GH$ 'EN PTUCAI$ PAQHI6,
<P 312E>
"O 'ANAGNOU$ MH GNWI0. "WDE GAR 'ECEI0. PERI= TON PANTWN BASILEA
PANT' 'ESTI KAI 'EKEINOU "ENEKA PANTA, KAI 'EKEINO 'AITION
"APANTWN TWN KALWN; DEUTERON DE PE=RI TA DEU=TERA, KAI TRITON
PE=RI TA TRITA. "H 'OUN 'ANQRWPINH YUCH PERI= 'AUTA 'OREGETAI
MAQEIN POI*' 'ATTA 'ESTIN, BLEPOUSA 'EI$ TA "AUTH$ SUGGENH, "WN


<P 313A>
'OUDEN "IKANW$ 'ECEI0. TOU* DH BASILEW$ PE=RI KAI "WN 'EIPON,
'OUDEN 'ESTIN TOIOUTON % TO DH META TOUTO "H YUCH FHSIN %
'ALLA= POI*ON TI MHN: TOUT' 'ESTIN, 'W* PAI DIONUSIOU KAI DWRIDO$,
TO 'ERWTHMA "O= PANTWN 'AITION 'ESTIN KAKWN, MALLON DE "H PERI=
TOUTOU 'WDI$ 'EN THI YUCHI 'EGGIGNOMENH, "HN 'EI MH TI$ 'EXAIREQHSETAI,
TH$ 'ALHQEIA$ 'ONTW$ 'OU MH POTE TUCHI6. SU DE TOUTO
PRO$ 'EME 'EN TW*I KHPWI "UPO TAI$ DAFNAI$ 'AUTO$ 'EFHSQA 'ENNENOHKENAI
<P 313B>
KAI 'EINAI SON "EURHMA; KAI 'EGW 'EIPON "OTI4 TOUTO 'EI
FAINOITO SOI4 "OUTW$ 'ECEIN, POLLWN 'AN4 'EIH$ LOGWN 'EME 'APOLELUKW$.
'OU-MHN 'ALLWI GE POT' 'EFHN 'ENTETUCHKENAI TOUQ'
"HURHKOTI, 'ALLA= "H POLLH MOI PRAGMATEIA PERI= TOUT' 'EIH; SU
DE 'ISW$ MEN 'AKOUSA$ TOU, TACA D' 'AN4 QEIA\ MOIRA\ KATA TOUQ'
"ORMHSA$, 'EPEITA 'AUTOU4 TA$ 'APODEIXEI$ "W$ 'ECWN BEBAIW$ 'OU
KATEDHSA$, 'ALL' 'A\TTEI0 SOI4 TOTE= MEN "OUTW$, TOTE= DE 'ALLW$
<P 313C>
PERI= TO FANTAZOMENON, TO DE 'OUDEN 'ESTIN TOIOUTON. KAI TOUTO
'OU SOI4 MONWI GEGONEN0, 'ALL' 'EU 'ISQI MHDENA PWPOTE MOU TO
PRWTON 'AKOUSANTA 'ECEIN 'ALLW$ PW$ 'H= "OUTW$ KAT' 'ARCA$, KAI
"O MEN PLEIW 'ECWN PRAGMATA, "O DE 'ELATTW, MOGI$ 'APALLATTONTAI,
SCEDON DE 'OUDEI$ 'OLIGA. TOUTWN DH GEGONOTWN KAI
'ECONTWN0 "OUTW, SCEDON KATA THN 'EMHN DOXAN "HURHKAMEN "O= SU
'EPESTEILA$, "OPW$ DEI PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ "HMA$ 'ECEIN. 'EPEI GAR
BASANIZEI$ 'AUTA SUGGIGNOMENO$ TE 'ALLOI$ KAI PARAQEWMENO$
<P 313D>
PARA TA TWN 'ALLWN KAI 'AUTA KAQ' "AUTA, NU*N SOI4 TAUTA TE, 'EI
'ALHQH$ "H BASANO$, PROSFUSETAI, KAI 'OIKEIO$ TOUTOI$ TE-KAI
"HMIN 'ESHI2. PW*$ 'OUN 'AUTA T' 'ESTAI KAI PANTA "A 'EIRHKAMEN:
TON 'ARCEDHMON NU*N TE 'ORQW$ 'EPOIHSA$ PEMYA$, KAI TO LOIPON,
'EPEIDAN 'ELQHI6 PRO$ SE KAI 'APAGGEILHI6 TA PAR' 'EMOU4, META TAUTA
'ISW$ 'ALLAI SE 'APORIAI LHYONTAI. PEMYEI$ 'OUN 'AUQI$, 'AN2
'ORQW$ BOULEUHI3, PAR' 'EME TON 'ARCEDHMON, "O D' 'EMPOREUSAMENO$
"HXEI2 PALIN; KAI TOUTO 'EA=N DI$ 'H= TRI$ POIHSHI$ KAI
<P 313E>
BASANISHI$ TA PAR' 'EMOU4 PEMFQENTA "IKANW$, QAUMAZOIM' 'AN4 'EI
MH TA NU*N 'APOROUMENA POLU SOI4 DIOISEI2 'H= NU*N. QARROUNTE$
'OUN POIEITE3 "OUTW$; 'OU-MH-GAR POTE TH$ 'EMPORIA$ TAUTH$
'OUTE SU STEILHI$ 'OUTE 'ARCEDHMO$ 'EMPOREUSETAI KALLIW


<P 314A>
KAI QEOFILESTERAN. 'EULABOU MENTOI MH POTE 'EKPESHI6 TAUTA
'EI$ 'ANQRWPOU$ 'APAIDEUTOU$; SCEDON GAR, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0, 'OUK
'ESTIN TOUTWN PRO$ TOU$ POLLOU$ KATAGELASTO=TERA 'AKOUSMATA,
'OUD' 'AU PRO$ TOU$ 'EUFUEI$ QAUMASTO=TERA TE-KAI 'ENQOUSIASTIKW=TERA.
POLLAKI$ DE LEGOMENA KAI 'AEI 'AKOUOMENA KAI
POLLA 'ETH, MOGI$ "WSPER CRUSO$ 'EKKAQAIRETAI MEYA POLLH$
PRAGMATEIA$. "O= DE QAUMASTON 'AUTOU42 GEGONEN0, 'AKOUSON2.
'EISIN GAR 'ANQRWPOI TAUTA 'AKHKOOTE$ KAI PLEIOU$, DUNATOI
<P 314B>
MEN MAQEIN, DUNATOI DE MNHMONEUSAI0 KAI BASANISANTE$ PANTHI
PANTW$ KRINAI0, GERONTE$ 'HDH KAI 'OUK 'ELATTW TRIAKONTA 'ETWN
'AKHKOOTE$, "OI=4 NU*N 'ARTI SFISI FASIN0 TA MEN TO=TE 'APISTOTATA
DOXANTA 'EINAI NU*N PISTOTATA KAI 'ENARGESTATA FAINESQAI, "A
DE TO=TE PISTOTATA, NU*N 'TOUNANTION. PRO$ TAUT' 'OUN SKOPWN
'EULABOU MH POTE SOI4 METAMELHSHI6 TWN NU*N 'ANAXIW$ 'EKPESONTWN3.
MEGISTH DE FULAKH TO MH GRAFEIN 'ALL' 'EKMANQANEIN;
<P 314C>
'OU-GAR 'ESTIN2 TA GRAFENTA MH 'OUK 'EKPESEIN. DIA= TAUTA
'OUDEN PWPOT' 'EGW PERI= TOUTWN GEGRAFA, 'OUD' 'ESTIN SUGGRAMMA
PLATWNO$ 'OUDEN 'OUD' 'ESTAI, TA DE NU*N LEGOMENA
SWKRATOU$ 'ESTIN KALOU KAI NEOU GEGONOTO$. 'ERRWSO KAI
PEIQOU, KAI THN 'EPISTOLHN TAUTHN NU*N PRWTON POLLAKI$
'ANAGNOU$ KATAKAUSON2.
TAUTA MEN TAUTHI. PERI= DE POLUXENOU 'EQAUMASA$ "OTI4
<P 314D>
PEMYAIMI SOI4; 'EGW DE-KAI PERI= LUKOFRONO$ KAI TWN 'ALLWN
TWN PARA SOI4 'ONTWN0 LEGW0 KAI PALAI KAI NU*N TON 'AUTON
LOGON, "OTI4 PRO$ TO DIALECQHNAI KAI FUSEI KAI THI MEQODWI
TWN LOGWN PAMPOLU DIAFEREI$ 'AUTWN, KAI 'OUDEI$ 'AUTWN "EKWN
'EXELEGCETAI, "W$ TINE$ "UPOLAMBANOUSIN0, 'ALL' 'AKONTE$. KAI
DOKEI$ MENTOI PANU METRIW$ KECRHSQAI TE 'AUTOI$ KAI DEDWRHSQAI.
TAUTA MEN PERI= TOUTWN, POLLA "W$ PERI= TOIOUTWN;
<P 314E>
FILISTIWNI DE, 'EI MEN 'AUTO$ CRHI3, SFO=DRA CRW5, 'EI DE "OION-TE
SPEUSIPPWI CRHSON2 KAI 'APOPEMYON2. DEITAI DE SOU4 KAI
SPEUSIPPO$; "UPESCETO DE MOI KAI FILISTIWN, 'EI SU 'AFEIH$
'AUTON, "HXEIN PROQUMW$ 'AQHNAZE. TON 'EK TWN LATOMIWN 'EU
'EPOIHSA$ 'AFEI=$, 'ELAFRA DE "H DEHSI$ KAI PERI= TWN 'OIKETWN
'AUTOU4 KAI PERI= "HGHSIPPOU TOU* 'ARISTWNO$; 'EPESTEILA$


<P 315A>
GAR MOI, 'AN2 TI$ 'ADIKHI5 'H= TOUTON 'H= 'EKEINOU$ KAI SU 'AISQHI4, MH
'EPITREYEIN. KAI PERI= LUSIKLEIDOU 'TALHQE$ 'EIPEIN 'AXION.
MONO$ GAR TWN 'EK SIKELIA$ 'AQHNAZE 'AFIKOMENWN 'OUDEN METEBALETO
PERI= TH$ SH$ KAI 'EMH$ SUNOUSIA$, 'ALL' 'AEI TI 'AGAQON
KAI 'EPI TA BELTIW LEGWN PERI= TWN GEGONOTWN DIATELEI0.


<B EPIST3>


<P 315A>
WWW
WWW
WWW
WWW
WWW
PLATWN DIONUSIWI CAIREIN 'EPISTEILA$ 'A*R' 'ORQW$ 'AN4
<P 315B>
TUGCANOIMI TH$ BELTISTH$ PROSRHSEW$: 'H= MALLON KATA THN
'EMHN SUNHQEIAN GRAFWN 'EU PRATTEIN, "WSPER 'EIWQA 'EN TAI$
'EPISTOLAI$ TOU$ FILOU$ PROSAGOREUEIN: SU MEN-GAR-DH-KAI TON
QEON, "W$ 'HGGEILAN "OI TO=TE QEWROUNTE$, PROSEIPE$ 'EN DELFOI$
'AUTWI TOUTWI QWPEUSA$ TW*I "RHMATI, KAI GEGRAFA$, "W$ FASI0,
CAIRE9 KAI9 "HDOMENON9 BIOTON9 DIASWIZE9 TURANNOU9;
<P 315C>
'EGW DE-'OUDE 'ANQRWPWI KLHSEI, MHTI DH QEWI, PARAKELEUSAIMHN
'AN4 DRAN TOUTO, QEWI MEN, "OTI4 PARA FUSIN PROSTATTOIM' 'AN4,
PORRW GAR "HDONH$ "IDRUTAI KAI LUPH$ TO QEION, 'ANQRWPWI DE,
"OTI4 TA POLLA BLABHN "HDONH KAI LUPH GENNA*I0, DUSMAQEIAN KAI
LHQHN KAI 'AFROSUNHN KAI "UBRIN TIKTOUSA 'EN THI YUCHI. KAI
TAUTA MEN "OUTW$ 'EIRHSQW PAR' 'EMOU4 PERI= TH$ PROSRHSEW$;
SU D' 'ANAGNOU$ 'AUTA, "OPHI BOULEI DEXASQAI, TAUTHI DECOU.
FASIN0 D' 'OUK 'OLIGOI LEGEIN SE PRO$ TINA$ TWN PARA SE
<P 315D>
PRESBEUONTWN0 "W$ 'A=RA SOU4 POTE LEGONTO$ 'AKOUSA$ 'EGW
MELLONTO$ TA$ TE "ELLHNIDA$ POLEI$ 'EN SIKELIA\ 'OIKIZEIN KAI
SURAKOUSIOU$ 'EPIKOUFISAI0, THN 'ARCHN 'ANTI TURANNIDO$ 'EI$
BASILEIAN METASTHSANTA, TAUT' 'A=RA SE MEN TO=TE DIEKWLUSA,
"W$ SU FH=I$, SOU4 SFO=DRA PROQUMOUMENOU, NU*N DE DIWNA DIDASKOIMI
DRAN 'AUTA TAUTA, KAI TOI$ DIANOHMASIN TOI$ SOI$ THN
<P 315E>
SHN 'ARCHN 'AFAIROUMEQA SE. SU D' 'EI MEN TI DIA= TOU$ LOGOU$
TOUTOU$ 'WFELHI0, GIGNWSKEI$ 'AUTO$, 'ADIKEI$ D'-'OUN 'EME 'TANANTIA
TWN GENOMENWN LEGWN. "ADHN GAR "UPO FILISTIDOU KAI 'ALLWN
POLLWN PRO$ TOU$ MISQOFOROU$ KAI 'EI$ TO SURAKOUSIWN
PLHQO$ DIEBLHQHN DIA= TO MENEIN0 'EN 'AKROPOLEI, TOU$ D' 'EXWQEN,
'EI TI GIGNOITO "AMARTHMA, PAN 'EI$ 'EME TREPEIN, SE FASKONTA$
PANTA 'EMOI4 PEIQESQAI. SU D' 'AUTO$ 'OISQA SAFESTATA TWN


<P 316A>
POLITIKWN 'EME SOI4 KOINHI PRAGMATEUSAMENON "EKONTA 'OLIGA DH
KAT' 'ARCA$, "OTE TI PLEON POIEIN 'AN4 'WIHQHN, 'A=LLA TE BRACEA
'ATTA KAI TA PERI= TWN NOMWN PROOIMIA SPOUDASANTA METRIW$,
CWRI$ "WN SU PROSEGRAYA$ 'H= TI$ "ETERO$; 'AKOUW0 GAR "USTERON
"UMWN TINA$ 'AUTA DIASKEUWREIN, DHLA MHN "EKA=TERA 'ESTAI TOI$
TO 'EMON 'HQO$ DUNAMENOI$ KRINEIN0. 'ALL'-'OUN, "OPER 'ARTIW$
'EIPON, 'OU DIABOLH$ PROSDEOMAI PRO$ TE SURAKOUSIOU$ KAI 'EI
DH TINA$ "ETEROU$ PEIQEI$ LEGWN 'AUTA, 'ALLA= POLU MALLON
<P 316B>
'APOLOGIA$ PRO$ TE THN PROTERAN GENOMENHN DIABOLHN KAI
THN NU*N MET' 'EKEINHN MEIZW FUOMENHN KAI SFODROTERAN. PRO$
DUO DH MOI DITTA$ 'ANAGKAION POIHSASQAI TA$ 'APOLOGIA$,
PRWTON MEN "W$ 'EIKOTW$ SOI4 'EFUGON KOINWNEIN PERI= TA TH$
POLEW$ PRAGMATA, TO DE DEUTERON "W$ 'OUK 'EMHN TAUTHN 'EIRHKA$
SUMBOULHN 'OUDE DIAKWLUSIN, MELLONTI SOI4 KATOIKIZEIN "ELLHNIDA$
<P 316C>
POLEI$ 'EMPODWN 'EME GEGENHSQAI. THN 'OUN 'ARCHN "WN
'EIPON PERI PROTERWN 'AKOUE PROTERON.
'HLQON KALOUMENO$0 'EI$ SURAKOUSA$ "UPO TE SOU4 KAI DIWNO$,
TOU* MEN DEDOKIMASMENOU PAR' 'EMOI4 KAI XENOU PALAI GEGONOTO$,
'EN "HLIKIA\ DE 'ONTO$ MESHI TE-KAI KAQESTHKUIA\, "WN DH PANTAPASIN
CREIA TOI$ NOUN KAI SMIKRON KEKTHMENOI$, MELLOUSIN4
PERI= TOSOUTWN "OSA 'H*N TO=TE TA SA= BOULEUESQAI, SOU4 DE 'ONTO$
MEN SFO=DRA NEOU, POLLH$ DE 'APEIRIA$ 'OUSH$ PERI= SE TOUTWN
<P 316D>
"WN 'EMPEIRON 'EDEI GEGONENAI, KAI SFO=DRA 'AGNWTO$ 'EMOI4. TO
META TOUTO 'EI=T' 'ANQRWPO$ 'EI=TE QEO$ 'EI=TE TUCH TI$ META SOU4
DIWNA 'EXEBALEN, KAI 'ELEIFQH$ MONO$. 'A*R'-'OUN 'OIEI MOI TO=TE
POLITIKWN 'EINAI KOINWNIAN PRO$ SE, TON MEN 'EMFRONA KOINWNON
'APOLWLEKOTI, TON DE 'AFRONA "ORWNTI META PONHRWN KAI POLLWN
'ANQRWPWN KATALELEIMMENON, 'OUK 'ARCONTA, 'OIOMENON D' 'ARCEIN,
"UPO DE TOIOUTWN 'ANQRWPWN 'ARCOMENON: 'EN "OI$ TI= CRHN POIEIN
'EME: MWN 'OUC "OPER 'EPOIOUN 'ANAGKAION, 'EK TWN LOIPWN TA
<P 316E>
MEN POLITIKA CAIREIN 'EA*N, 'EULABOUMENON TA$ 'EK TWN FQONWN
DIABOLA$, "UMA$ DE PANTW$, KAIPER 'ALLHLWN CWRI$ GEGONOTA$
KAI DIAFOROU$ 'ONTA$, PEIRASQAI FILOU$ 'ALLHLOI$ "OTI2 MALISTA
POIEIN: TOUTWN DH-KAI SU MARTU$, "OTI4 TOUTO 'AUTO SUNTEINWN
'OUK 'ANHKA PWPOTE; KAI MOGI$ MEN, "OMW$ D', "WMOLOGHQH NWIN


<P 317A>
PLEUSAI0 MEN 'OIKADE 'EME, 'EPEIDH POLEMO$ "UMA$ KATEICEN,
'EIRHNH$ D' 'AU GENOMENH$ 'ELQEIN 'EME TE-KAI DIWNA 'EI$ SURAKOUSA$,
SE DE KALEIN20 "HMA$. KAI TAUTA MEN "OUTW$ 'EGENETO
TH$ 'EMH$ 'EI$ SURAKOUSA$ 'APODHMIA$ PE=RI TH$ PRWTH$ KAI TH$
PALIN 'OIKADE SWTHRIA$; TO DE DEUTERON 'EIRHNH$ GENOMENH$
'EKALEI$ ME 'OU KATA TA$ "OMOLOGIA$, 'ALLA= MONON "HKEIN 'EPESTEILA$,
DIWNA D' 'EI$ 'AUQI$ 'EFHSQA METAPEMYESQAI. DIA=
TAUTA 'OUK 'HLQON 'ALLA=-KAI DIWNI TO=T' 'APHCQOMHN; 'WIETO GAR
<P 317B>
'EINAI BELTION 'ELQEIN 'EME KAI "UPAKOUSAI0 SOI4. TO DE META
TAUTA "USTERON 'ENIAUTWI TRIHRH$ 'AFIKETO KAI 'EPISTOLAI PARA
SOU4, TWN D' 'EN TAI$ 'EPISTOLAI$ GRAMMATWN 'HRCEN "W$, 'AN2
'AFIKWMAI, TA DIWNO$ MOI GENHSOITO PRAGMATA PANTA KATA
NOUN TON 'EMON, MH 'AFIKOMENOU DE, 'TANANTIA. 'AISCUNOMAI DH
LEGEIN "OSAI TO=TE 'EPISTOLAI PARA SOU4 KAI PAR' 'ALLWN 'HLQON
<P 317C>
DIA= SE 'EX 'ITALIA$ KAI SIKELIA$, KAI PAR' "OSOU$ TWN 'EMWN
'OIKEIWN KAI TWN GNWRIMWN, KAI PASAI DIAKELEUOMENAI MOI
'IENAI KAI DEOMENAI SOI4 PANTW$ 'EME PEIQESQAI. 'EDOKEI DH
PASIN 'ARXAMENOI$ 'APO DIWNO$, DEIN 'EME PLEUSAI0 KAI MH
MALQAKIZESQAI. KAITOI THN Q' "HLIKIAN 'AUTOI$ PROUTEINOMHN
KAI PERI= SOU4 DIISCURIZOMHN "W$ 'OUC "OIO$-T'-'ESOIO 'ANTARKESAI0
TOI$ DIABALLOUSIN4 "HMA$ KAI BOULOMENOI$ 'EI$ 'E=CQRAN
'ELQEIN % "EWRWN GAR-KAI TO=TE KAI NU*N "ORW0 TA$ MEGALA$ 'OUSIA$
KAI "UPEROGKOU$ TWN TE 'IDIWTWN KAI TWN MONARCWN SCEDON,
<P 317D>
"OSWIPER 'AN4 MEIZOU$ 'WSIN, TOSOUTWI PLEIOU$ KAI MEIZOU$ TOU$
DIABALLONTA$ KAI PRO$ "HDONHN META 'AISCRA$ BLABH$ "OMILOUNTA$
TREFOUSA$, "OU2 KAKON 'OUDEN MEIZON GENNA*I0 PLOUTO$ TE-KAI
"H TH$ 'ALLH$ 'EXOUSIA$ DUNAMI$ % "OMW$ D'-'OUN PANTA TAUTA
CAIREIN 'EASA$ 'HLQON, DIANOHQEI$ "W$ 'OUDENA DEI TWN 'EMWN
FILWN 'EME 'AITIASQAI "W$ DIA= THN 'EMHN "RA\QUMIAN TA SFE=TERA
<P 317E>
PANTA 'EXON MH 'APOLESQAI DIWLETO; 'ELQWN DE % 'OISQA GAR-DH
SU PANTA 'TANTEUQEN 'HDH GENOMENA % 'EGW MEN 'HXIOUN DHPOU
KATA THN "OMOLOGIAN TWN 'EPISTOLWN PRWTON MEN KATAGEIN
DIWNA 'OIKEIWSAMENON, FRAZWN THN 'OIKEIOTHTA, "HN 'EI 'EMOI4
TO=TE 'EPEIQOU, TAC' 'AN4 BELTION TWN NU*N GEGONOTWN 'ESCEN KAI
SOI4 KAI SURAKOUSAI$ KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ "ELLHSIN, "W$ "H 'EMH
DOXA MANTEUETAI; 'EPEITA TA DIWNO$ TOU$ 'OIKEIOU$ 'ECEIN


<P 318A>
'HXIOUN KAI MH DIANEIMASQAI TOU$ DIANEIMAMENOU$, "OU$ 'OISQA
SU; PRO$ DE TOUTOI$ 'WIMHN DEIN TA KAT' 'ENIAUTON "EKASTON
'EIWQOTA 'AUTWI KOMIZESQAI KAI MALLON 'EGW 'ETI KAI 'OUC "HTTON
'EMOU4 PARAGENOMENOU PEMPESQAI. TOUTWN 'OUDENO$ TUGCANWN,
'HXIOUN 'APIENAI. TO META TAUTA 'EPEIQE$ ME MEINAI0 TON 'ENIAUTON,
FASKWN THN DIWNO$ 'APODOMENO$ 'OUSIAN PASAN TA MEN
"HMISEA 'APOPEMYEIN 'EI$ KORINQON, TA D' 'A=LLA TW*I PAIDI KATALEIYEIN
<P 318B>
'AUTOU42. POLLA 'ECWN 'EIPEIN "WN "UPOSCOMENO$ 'OUDEN
'EPOIHSA$, DIA= TO PLHQO$ 'AUTWN SUNTEMNW0. TA GAR-DH CRHMATA
PANTA 'APODOMENO$, 'OU PEISA$ DIWNA, FASKWN 'OU PWLHSEIN
'ANEU TOU* PEIQEIN, TON KOLOFWNA, 'W* QAUMASIE, TAI$ "UPOSCESESIN
"APASAI$ NEANIKWTATON 'EPEQHKA$; MHCANHN GAR-'OUTE KALHN
'OUTE KOMYHN 'OUTE DIKAIAN 'OUTE SUMFEROUSAN "HURE$, 'EME 'EKFOBEIN
"W$ 'AGNOOUNTA TA TO=TE GIGNOMENA, "INA MHDE 'EGW ZHTOIHN
<P 318C>
TA CRHMATA 'APOPEMPESQAI. "HNIKA GAR "HRAKLEIDHN 'EXEBALE$,
'OUTE SURAKOSIOI$ DOKOUN DIKAIW$ 'OUT' 'EMOI4, DIOTI META
QEODOTOU KAI 'EURUBIOU SUNEDEHQHN SOU4 MH POIEIN TAUTA,
TAUTHN LABWN "W$ "IKANHN PROFASIN, 'EIPE$ "OTI4 KAI PALAI SOI4
DHLO$ 'EIHN SOU4 MEN 'OUDEN FRONTIZWN, DIWNO$ DE-KAI TWN
DIWNO$ FILWN KAI 'OIKEIWN, KAI 'EPEIDH NU*N QEODOTH$ KAI
"HRAKLEIDH$ 'EN DIABOLAI$ 'EIEN, 'OIKEIOI DIWNO$ 'ONTE$, PAN
<P 318D>
MHCANWIMHN "OPW$ "OUTOI MH DWSOUSIN2 DIKHN. KAI TAUTA MEN
TAUTHI PERI= TA POLITIKA KOINWNIA$ TH$ 'EMH$ KAI SH$; KAI 'EI
TINA "ETERAN 'ALLOTRIOTHTA 'ENEIDE$ 'EN 'EMOI4 PRO$ SE, 'EIKOTW$
'OIEI TAUTHI PANTA TAUTA GEGONENAI. KAI MH QAUMAZE; KAKO$
GAR 'AN4 'ECONTI GE NOUN 'ANDRI FAINOIMHN 'ENDIKW$, PEISQEI$ "UPO
TOU* MEGEQOU$ TH$ SH$ 'ARCH$ TON MEN PALAION FILON KAI XENON
KAKW$ PRATTONTA DIA= SE, MHDEN SOU4 CEIRW, "INA "OUTW$ 'EIPW4,
<P 318E>
TOUTON MEN PRODOUNAI0, SE DE TON 'ADIKOUNTA "ELESQAI KAI PAN
DRAN "OPHI SU PROSETATTE$, "ENEKA CRHMATWN DHLON "OTI4; 'OUDEN
GAR 'AN4 "ETERON 'EFHSEN 'AITION TI$ 'EINAI TH$ 'EMH$ METABOLH$,
'EI METEBALOMHN. 'ALLA= TAUTA MEN TAUTHI GENOMENA THN 'EMHN
KAI SHN LUKOFILIAN KAI 'AKOINWNIAN DIA= SE 'APHRGASATO.
SCEDON D' 'EI$ LOGON "O LOGO$ "HKEI0 MOI SUNECH$ TW*I NUNDH
GENOMENO$, PERI= "OU2 MOI TO DEUTERON 'APOLOGHTEON 'EFHN 'EINAI.


<P 319A>
SKOPEI5 DH-KAI PROSECE PANTW$ 'AN2 SOI4 TI YEUDESQAI DOXW4
KAI MH 'TALHQH LEGEIN. FHMI GAR SE 'ARCEDHMOU PARONTO$
'EN TW*I KHPWI KAI 'ARISTOKRITOU, SCEDON "HMERAI$ PROTERON
'EIKOSI TH$ 'EMH$ 'EK SURAKOUSWN 'OIKAD' 'APODHMIA$, "A NU*N DH
LEGEI$ 'EMOI4 MEMFOMENO$, "W$ "HRAKLEIDOU TE MOI KAI TWN
'ALLWN PANTWN MALLON 'H= SOU4 MELOI. KAI ME TOUTWN 'ENANTION
DIHRWTHSA$ 'EI MNHMONEUW0, KAT' 'ARCA$ "OT' 'HLQON, KELEUWN SE
<P 319B>
TA$ POLEI$ TA$ "ELLHNIDA$ KATOIKIZEIN; 'EGW DE SUNECWROUN
MEMNHSQAI KAI 'ETI NU*N MOI DOKEIN TAUT' 'EINAI BELTISTA.
"RHTEON DE, 'W* DIONUSIE, KAI 'TOUPI TOUTWI TO=TE LECQEN.
'HROMHN GAR-DH SE POTERON 'AUTO TOUTO SOI4 SUMBOULEUSAIMI
MONON 'H= TI KAI 'ALLO PRO$ TOUTWI; SU DE-KAI MAL' 'APEKRINW
MEMHNIMENW$ KAI "UBRISTIKW$ 'EI$ 'EME, "W$ 'WIOU % DIO TO TO=TE
SOI4 "UBRISMA NU*N "UPAR 'ANT' 'ONEIRATO$ GENONEN0 % 'EIPE$ DE-KAI
<P 319C>
MALA PLASTW$ GELWN, 'EI MEMNHMAI, "W$ PAIDEUQENTA
ME 'EKELEUE$ POIEIN PANTA TAUTA 'H= MH POIEIN. 'EFHN 'EGW
KALLISTA MNHMONEUSAI0 SE. 'OUKOU*N PAIDEUQENTA, 'EFHSQA,
GEWMETREIN, 'H= PW*$: 'KAGW TO META TAUTA "O= 'EPHIEI MOI 'EIPEIN
'OUK 'EIPON, FOBOUMENO$ MH SMIKROU "RHMATO$ "ENEKA TON 'EKPLOUN
"ON PROSEDOKWN, MH1 MOI1 STENO$1 GIGNOITO1 'ANT'1 'EURUCWRIA$1.
'ALL'-'OUN "WN "ENEKA PANT' 'EIRHTAI TAUT' 'ESTI; MH ME DIABALLE
LEGWN "W$ 'OUK 'EIWN 'EGW SE POLEI$ "ELLHNIDA$ 'ERROUSA$
<P 319D>
"UPO BARBARWN 'OIKIZEIN, 'OUDE SURAKOUSIOU$ 'EPIKOUFISAI0 BASILEIAN
'ANTI TURANNIDO$ METASTHSANTA. TOUTWN GAR-'OUQ' "HTTON
'EMOI4 PREPONTA 'ECOI$ 'AN4 POTE LEGWN MOU KATAYEUSASQAI,
PRO$ DE TOUTOI$ 'ETI SAFESTEROU$ TOUTWN 'EI$ 'ELEGCON LOGOU$
'EGW DOIHN 'AN4, 'EI TI$ "IKANH POU FAINOITO KRISI$, "W$ 'EGW MEN
'EKELEUON, SU D' 'OUK 'HQELE$ PRATTEIN 'AUTA; KAI-MHN 'OU CALEPON
'EIPEIN 'ENARGW$ "W$ 'H*N TAUTA 'ARISTA PRACQENTA KAI SOI4 KAI
<P 319E>
SURAKOSIOI$ KAI SIKELIWTAI$ PASIN. 'ALL' 'W* TAN, 'EI MEN MH
FH=I$ 'EIRHKENAI 'EIRHKW$ TAUTA, 'ECW0 THN DIKHN; 'EI D' "OMOLOGEI$,
TO META TOUTO "HGHSAMENO$ 'EINAI SOFON TON STHSICORON, THN
PALINWIDIAN 'AUTOU4 MIMHSAMENO$, 'EK TOU* YEUDOU$ 'EI$ TON 'ALHQH
LOGON METASTHSHI2.


<B EPIST4>

<P 319E>
WWW
WWW
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PLATWN DIWNI SURAKOSIWI 'EU PRATTEIN.


<P 320A>
'OIMAI MEN FANERAN 'EINAI DIA= PANTO$ TOU* CRONOU THN 'EMHN
PROQUMIAN PERI= TA$ SUMBEBHKUIA$ PRAXEI$, KAI "OTI4 POLLHN
'EICON PERI= 'AUTWN SPOUDHN 'EI$ TO SUMPERANQHNAI, 'OUK 'ALLOU
TINO$ "ENEKA MALLON 'H= TH$ 'EPI TOI$ KALOI$ FILOTIMIA$;
<P 320B>
NOMIZW0 GAR DIKAION 'EINAI TOU$ 'ONTA$ THI 'ALHQEIA\ 'EPIEIKEI$
KAI PRATTONTA$ TOIAUTA TUGCANEIN DOXH$ TH$ PROSHKOUSH$.
TA MEN-'OUN 'EI$ TO PARON, SUN QEWI 'EIPEIN, 'ECEI0 KALW$, TA DE
PERI= TWN MELLONTWN0 "O MEGISTO$ 'ESTIN 'AGWN. 'ANDREIA\ MEN-GAR-KAI
TACEI KAI "RWMHI DIENEGKEIN DOXEIEN 'AN4 KAI "ETERWN
'EINAI TINWN, 'ALHQEIA\ DE-KAI DIKAIOSUNHI KAI MEGALOPREPEIA\
<P 320C>
KAI THI PERI= PANTA TAUTA 'EUSCHMOSUNHI, SUMFAIH TI$ 'AN4 TOU$
'ANTIPOIOUMENOU$ TA TOIAUTA TIMAN 'EIKOTW$ TWN 'ALLWN DIAFEREIN.
NU*N 'OUN DHLON MEN 'ESTIN "O= LEGW0, 'ANAMIMNHISKEIN
DE "OMW$ DEI "HMA$-'AUTOU$ "OTI4 PROSHKEI0 PLEON 'H= PAIDWN TWN
'ALLWN 'ANQRWPWN DIAFEREIN TOU$ 'OISQA DHPOU. FANEROU$
'OUN DEI "HMA$ GENESQAI "OTI4 'ESMEN TOIOUTOI "OIOIPER FAMEN,
'ALLW$ TE KAI 'EPEIDH, SUN QEWI 'EIPEIN, "RA\DION 'ESTAI. TOI$
<P 320D>
MEN-GAR 'ALLOI$ SUMBEBHKEN0 'ANAGKAION 'EINAI PLANHQHNAI
POLUN TOPON, 'EI MELLOUSIN0 GNWSQHNAI; TO DE NU*N "UPARCON
PERI= SE TOIOUTON 'ESTIN, "W$ TOU$ 'EX "APASH$ TH$ 'OIKOUMENH$,
'EI KAI NEANIKWTERON 'ESTIN 'EIPEIN, 'EI$ "ENA TOPON 'APOBLEPEIN,
KAI 'EN TOUTWI MALISTA PRO$ SE. "W$ 'OUN "UPO PANTWN "ORWMENO$
PARASKEUAZOU TON TE LUKOURGON 'EKEINON 'ARCAION 'APODEIXWN
KAI TON KURON, KAI 'EI TI$ 'ALLO$ PWPOTE 'EDOXEN 'HQEI KAI
POLITEIA\ DIENEGKEIN, 'ALLW$ TE KAI 'EPEIDH POLLOI KAI SCEDON
<P 320E>
"APANTE$ "OI THIDE LEGOUSIN0 "W$ POLLH 'ESTIN 'ELPI$ 'ANAIREQENTO$
DIONUSIOU DIAFQARHNAI TA PRAGMATA DIA= THN SHN TE-KAI
"HRAKLEIDOU KAI QEODOTOU KAI TWN 'ALLWN GNWRIMWN FILOTIMIAN.
MALISTA MEN-'OUN MHDEI$ 'EIH TOIOUTO$; 'EA=N D'-'A=RA-KAI
GIGNHTAI TI$, SU FAINOU 'IATREUWN, KAI PRO$ TO BELTISTON


<P 321A>
'ELQOIT' 'AN4. TAUTA DE 'ISW$ GELOION SOI4 FAINETAI 'EINAI TO
'EME LEGEIN, DIOTI KAI 'AUTO$ 'OUK 'AGNOEI$; 'EGW DE-KAI 'EN TOI$
QEATROI$ "ORW0 TOU$ 'AGWNISTA$ "UPO TWN PAIDWN PAROXUNOMENOU$,
MHTI DH "UPO GE TWN FILWN, "OU$ 'AN4 TI$ 'OIHTAI META
SPOUDH$ KAT' 'EUNOIAN PARAKELEUESQAI. NU*N 'OUN 'AUTOI TE
'AGWNIZESQE2 KAI "HMIN 'EI TOU DEI0 'EPISTELLETE3; TA D' 'ENQADE
PARAPLHSIW$ 'ECEI0 KAQAPER KAI "UMWN PARONTWN0. 'EPISTELLETE3
<P 321B>
DE-KAI "OTI2 PEPRAKTAI "UMIN 'H= PRATTONTE$ TUGCANETE0, "W$ "HMEI$
POLLA 'AKOUONTE$ 'OUDEN 'ISMEN; KAI NU*N 'EPISTOLAI PARA MEN
QEODOTOU KAI "HRAKLEIDOU "HKOUSIN0 'EI$ LAKEDAIMONA KAI
'AIGINAN, "HMEI$ DE, KAQAPER 'EIRHTAI, POLLA 'AKOUONTE$ PERI=
TWN THIDE 'OUDEN 'ISMEN. 'ENQUMOU DE-KAI "OTI4 DOKEI$ TISIN
'ENDEESTERW$ TOU* PROSHKONTO$ QERAPEUTIKO$ 'EINAI; MH-'OUN
LANQANETW SE "OTI4 DIA= TOU* 'ARESKEIN TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ KAI TO
<P 321C>
PRATTEIN 'ESTIN, "H D' 'AUQADEIA 'ERHMIA\ SUNOIKO$. 'EUTUCEI5.


<B EPIST5>

<P 321C>
WWW
PLATWN PERDIKKA\ 'EU PRATTEIN.
'EUFRAIWI MEN SUNEBOULEUSA, KAQAPER 'EPESTELLE$, TWN
SWN 'EPIMELOUMENON PERI= TAUTA DIATRIBEIN; DIKAIO$ D' 'EIMI KAI
SOI4 XENIKHN KAI "IERAN SUMBOULHN LEGOMENHN SUMBOULEUEIN
<P 321D>
PERI= TE TWN 'ALLWN "WN 'AN4 FRAZHI$ KAI "W$ 'EUFRAIWI DEI TA NU*N
CRHSQAI. POLLA MEN-GAR "O 'ANHR CRHSIMO$, MEGISTON DE "OU2
KAI SU NU*N 'ENDEH$ 'EI* DIA= TE THN "HLIKIAN KAI DIA= TO MH POLLOU$
'AUTOU4 PE=RI SUMBOULOU$ 'EINAI TOI$ NEOI$. 'ESTIN GAR-DH TI$
FWNH TWN POLITEIWN "EKASTH$ KAQAPEREI TINWN ZWIWN, 'ALLH
MEN DHMOKRATIA$, 'ALLH D' 'OLIGARCIA$, "H D' 'AU MONARCIA$;
<P 321E>
TAUTA$ FAIEN MEN 'AN4 'EPISTASQAI PAMPOLLOI, PLEISTON D'
'APOLEIPONTAI TOU* KATANOEIN 'AUTA$ PLHN 'OLIGWN DH TINWN.
"HTI$ MEN 'AN4 'OUN TWN POLITEIWN THN "AUTH$ FQEGGHTAI FWNHN
PRO$ TE QEOU$ KAI PRO$ 'ANQRWPOU$, KAI THI FWNHI TA$ PRAXEI$
"EPOMENA$ 'APODIDWI0, QALLEI0 TE 'AEI KAI SWIZETAI, MIMOUMENH D'
'ALLHN FQEIRETAI. PRO$ TAUT' 'OUN 'EUFRAIO$ SOI4 GIGNOIT'
'OUC "HKISTA 'AN4 CRHSIMO$, KAIPER KAI PRO$ 'A=LLA 'WN 'ANDREIO$;


<P 322A>
TOU$ GAR TH$ MONARCIA$ LOGOU$ 'OUC "HKIST' 'AUTON 'ELPIZW0
SUNEXEURHSEIN TWN PERI= THN SHN DIATRIBHN 'ONTWN0; 'EI$ TAUT'
'OUN 'AUTWI CRWMENO$ 'ONHSHI2 TE 'AUTO$ KAI 'EKEINON PLEISTA
'WFELHSEI$. 'EA=N DE TI$ 'AKOUSA$ TAUTA 'EIPHI6; PLATWN, "W$
'EOIKEN0, PROSPOIEITAI MEN TA DHMOKRATIA\ SUMFERONTA 'EIDENAI,
'EXON D' 'EN TW*I DHMWI LEGEIN KAI SUMBOULEUEIN 'AUTWI TA
BELTISTA 'OU PWPOTE 'ANASTA$ 'EFQEGXATO, PRO$ TAUT' 'EIPEIN
"OTI4 PLATWN 'OYE 'EN THI PATRIDI GEGONEN0 KAI TON DHMON KATELABEN
<P 322B>
'HDH PRESBUTERON KAI 'EIQISMENON "UPO TWN 'EMPROSQEN
POLLA KAI 'ANO=MOIA THI 'EKEINOU SUMBOULHI PRATTEIN; 'EPEI
PANTWN 'AN4 "HDISTA KAQAPER PATRI SUNEBOULEUEN 'AUTWI, 'EI
MH MATHN MEN KINDUNEUSEIN 'WIETO, PLEON D' 'OUDEN POIHSEIN.
'TAUTON DH 'OIMAI DRASAI0 'AN4 KAI THN 'EMHN SUMBOULHN. 'EI GAR
DOXAIMEN 'ANIATW$ 'ECEIN, POLLA 'AN4 CAIREIN "HMIN 'EIPWN 'EKTO$
<P 322C>
'AN4 GIGNOITO TH$ PERI= 'EME KAI TA 'EMA SUMBOULH$. 'EUTUCEI5.


<B EPIST6>

<P 322C>
WWW
PLATWN "ERMEIA\ KAI 'ERASTWI KAI KORISKWI
'EU PRATTEIN.
'EMOI4 FAINETAI QEWN TI$ "UMIN TUCHN 'AGAQHN, 'AN2 'EU DEXHSQE,
'EUMENW$ KAI "IKANW$ PARASKEUAZEIN; 'OIKEITE0 GAR-DH GEITONE$
TE "UMIN-'AUTOI$ KAI CREIAN 'ECONTE$ "WSTE 'ALLHLOU$ 'EI$ TA
<P 322D>
MEGISTA 'WFELEIN. "ERMEIA\ MEN-GAR-'OUTE "IPPWN PLHQO$ 'OUTE
'ALLH$ POLEMIKH$ SUMMACIA$ 'OUD' 'AU CRUSOU PROSGENOMENOU
GENOIT' 'AN4 MEIZWN 'EI$ TA PANTA DUNAMI$, 'H= FILWN BEBAIWN TE-KAI
'HQO$ 'ECONTWN0 "UGIE$; 'ERASTWI DE-KAI KORISKWI, PRO$ THI
TWN 'EIDWN SOFIA\ THI KALHI TAUTHI FHM' 'EGW, KAIPER GERWN
'WN, PROSDEIN SOFIA$ TH$ PERI= TOU$ PONHROU$ KAI 'ADIKOU$
<P 322E>
FULAKTIKH$ KAI TINO$ 'AMUNTIKH$ DUNAMEW$. 'APEIROI GAR
'EISI DIA= TO MEQ' "HMWN METRIWN 'ONTWN0 KAI 'OU KAKWN SUCNON
DIATETRIFENAI TOU* BIOU; DIO DH TOUTWN PROSDEIN 'EIPON, "INA
MH 'ANAGKAZWNTAI TH$ 'ALHQINH$ MEN 'AMELEIN SOFIA$, TH$ DE
'ANQRWPINH$ TE-KAI 'ANAGKAIA$ 'EPIMELEISQAI MEIZONW$ 'H= DEI.
TAUTHN D' 'AU THN DUNAMIN "ERMEIA$ MOI FAINETAI FUSEI TE, "OSA


<P 323A>
MHPW SUGGEGONOTI, KAI TECNHI DI' 'EMPEIRIA$ 'EILHFENAI. TI=
'OUN-DH LEGW0: SOI4 MEN, "ERMEIA, PEPEIRAMENO$ 'ERASTOU KAI
KORISKOU PLEONA 'H= SU, FHMI KAI MHNUW0 KAI MARTURW0 MH
"RA\DIW$ "EURHSEIN SE 'AXIOPISTO=TERA 'HQH TOUTWN TWN GEITONWN;
'ECESQAI DH PANTI SUMBOULEUW0 DIKAIWI TROPWI TOUTWN TWN
'ANDRWN, MH PARERGON "HGOUMENWI. KORISKWI DE-KAI 'ERASTWI
PALIN "ERMEIOU 'ANTECESQAI SUMBOULO$ 'EIMI KAI PEIRASQAI TAI$
<P 323B>
'ANQEXESIN 'ALLHLWN 'EI$ MIAN 'AFIKESQAI FILIA$ SUMPLOKHN.
'AN2 DE TI$ "UMWN 'A=RA TAUTHN PHI LUEIN DOKHI5 % TO GAR 'ANQRWPINON
'OU PANTAPASIN BEBAION % DEURO PAR' 'EME KAI TOU$ 'EMOU$
PEMPETE3 MOMFH$ KATHGORON 'EPISTOLHN; 'OIMAI GAR DIKHI TE-KAI
'AIDOI TOU$ PAR' "HMWN 'ENTEUQEN 'ELQONTA$ LOGOU$, 'EI MH TI TO
LUQEN MEGA TUCOI GENOMENON, 'EPWIDH$ "HSTINOSOUN MALLON
'AN4 SUMFUSAI0 KAI SUNDHSAI0 PALIN 'EI$ THN PROUPARCOUSAN
<P 323C>
FILOTHTA TE-KAI KOINWNIAN, "HN 'AN2 MEN FILOSOFWMEN "APANTE$
"HMEI$ TE-KAI "UMEI$, "OSON 'AN4 DUNWMEQA KAI "EKASTWI PAREIKHI5,
KU=RIA TA NU*N KECRHSMWIDHMENA 'ESTAI. TO DE 'AN2 MH DRWMEN2
TAUTA 'OUK 'ERW2; FHMHN GAR 'AGAQHN MANTEUOMAI, KAI FHMI
DH TAUQ' "HMA$ PANT' 'AGAQA POIHSEIN, 'AN2 QEO$ 'EQELHI5.
TAUTHN THN 'EPISTOLHN PANTA$ "UMA$ TREI$ 'ONTA$ 'ANAGNWNAI0
CRH, MALISTA MEN "AQROOU$, 'EI DE MH KATA DUO, KOINHI KATA
DUNAMIN "W$ "OION-T'-'ESTIN PLEISTAKI$, KAI CRHSQAI SUNQHKHI
<P 323D>
KAI NOMWI KURIWI, "O= 'ESTIN DIKAION, 'EPOMNUNTA$ SPOUDHI TE "AMA
MH 'AMOUSWI KAI THI TH$ SPOUDH$ 'ADELFHI PAIDIA*I, KAI TON TWN
PANTWN QEON "HGEMONA TWN TE 'ONTWN0 KAI TWN MELLONTWN0, TOU* TE
"HGEMONO$ KAI 'AITIOU PATERA KURION 'EPOMNUNTA$, "ON, 'AN2 'ONTW$
FILOSOFWMEN, 'EISOMEQA PANTE$ SAFW$ 'EI$ DUNAMIN 'ANQRWPWN
'EUDAIMONWN.


<B EPIST7>

<P 323D>
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PLATWN TOI$ DIWNO$ 'OIKEIOI$ TE-KAI "ETAIROI$
'EU PRATTEIN.
'EPESTEILATE MOI NOMIZEIN DEIN THN DIANOIAN "UMWN 'EINAI THN
'AUTHN "HN 'EICEN KAI DIWN, KAI-DH-KAI KOINWNEIN DIEKELEUESQE


<P 324A>
MOI, KAQ' "OSON "OIO$-TE-'EIMI 'ERGWI KAI LOGWI. 'EGW DE, 'EI MEN
DOXAN KAI 'EPIQUMIAN THN 'AUTHN 'ECETE0 'EKEINWI, SUMFHMI KOINWNHSEIN,
'EI DE MH, BOULEUSESQAI POLLAKI$. TI=$ D' 'H*N "H
'EKEINOU DIANOIA KAI 'EPIQUMIA, SCEDON 'OUK 'EIKAZWN 'ALL' "W$
'EIDW$ SAFW$ 'EIPOIM' 'AN4. "OTE GAR KAT' 'ARCA$ 'EI$ SURAKOUSA$
'EGW 'AFIKOMHN, SCEDON 'ETH TETTARAKONTA GEGONW$, DIWN 'EICE
THN "HLIKIAN "HN TA NU*N "IPPARINO$ GEGONEN0, KAI "HN 'ESCEN
<P 324B>
TO=TE DOXAN, TAUTHN KAI DIETELESEN 'ECWN, SURAKOSIOU$ 'OIESQAI
DEIN 'ELEUQEROU$ 'EINAI, KATA NOMOU$ TOU$ 'ARISTOU$ 'OIKOUNTA$;
"WSTE 'OUDEN QAUMASTON 'EI TI$ QEWN KAI TOUTON 'EI$ THN 'AUTHN
DOXAN PERI= POLITEIA$ 'EKEINWI GENESQAI SUMFRONA POIHSEIEN.
TI=$ D' 'H*N "O TROPO$ TH$ GENESEW$ 'AUTH$, 'OUK 'APAXION 'AKOUSAI0
NEWI KAI MH NEWI PEIRASOMAI DE 'EX 'ARCH$ 'AUTHN 'EGW PRO$ "UMA$
DIEXELQEIN; 'ECEI0 GAR KAIRON TA NU*N.
NEO$ 'EGW POTE 'WN POLLOI$ DH 'TAUTON 'EPAQON; 'WIHQHN, 'EI
QATTON 'EMAUTOU GENOIMHN KURIO$, 'EPI TA KOINA TH$ POLEW$
<P 324C>
'EUQU$ 'IENAI. KAI MOI TUCAI TINE$ TWN TH$ POLEW$ PRAGMATWN
TOIAIDE PAREPESON. "UPO POLLWN GAR TH$ TO=TE POLITEIA$
LOIDOROUMENH$ METABOLH GIGNETAI, KAI TH$ METABOLH$ "EI$ KAI
PENTHKONTA TINE$ 'ANDRE$ PROUSTHSAN 'ARCONTE$, "ENDEKA MEN 'EN
'ASTEI, DEKA D' 'EN PEIRAEI % PERI= TE 'AGORAN "EKATEROI TOUTWN
"OSA T' 'EN TOI$ 'ASTESI DIOIKEIN 'EDEI % TRIAKONTA DE PANTWN
<P 324D>
'ARCONTE$ KATESTHSAN 'AUTOKRATORE$. TOUTWN DH TINE$ 'OIKEIOI
TE 'ONTE$ KAI GNWRIMOI 'ETUGCANON 'EMOI42, KAI-DH-KAI PAREKALOUN
'EUQU$ "W$ 'EPI PROSHKONTA PRAGMATA ME. KAI 'EGW QAUMASTON
'OUDEN 'EPAQON "UPO NEOTHTO$; 'WIHQHN GAR 'AUTOU$ 'EK TINO$ 'ADIKOU
BIOU 'EPI DIKAION TROPON 'AGONTA$ DIOIKHSEIN DH THN POLIN,
"WSTE 'AUTOI$ SFO=DRA PROSEICON TON NOUN, TI= PRAXOIEN. KAI
"ORWN DHPOU TOU$ 'ANDRA$ 'EN CRONWI 'OLIGWI CRUSON 'APODEIXANTA$
THN 'EMPROSQEN POLITEIAN % TA TE 'A=LLA KAI FILON
<P 324E>
'ANDRA 'EMOI4 PRESBUTERON SWKRATH, "ON 'EGW SCEDON 'OUK 'AN4
'AISCUNOIMHN0 'EIPWN DIKAIOTATON 'EINAI TWN TO=TE 'EPI TINA TWN
POLITWN MEQ' "ETERWN 'EPEMPON, BIA\ 'AXONTA "W$ 'APOQANOUMENON,


<P 325A>
"INA DH METECOI TWN PRAGMATWN 'AUTOI$, 'EI=TE BOULOITO 'EI=TE
MH; "O D' 'OUK 'EPEIQETO, PAN DE PAREKINDUNEUSEN PAQEIN PRIN
'ANOSIWN 'AUTOI$ 'ERGWN GENESQAI KOINWNO$ % "A DH PANTA
KAQORWN KAI 'EI TIN' 'A=LLA TOIAUTA 'OU SMIKRA, 'EDUSCERANA TE-KAI
'EMAUTON 'EPANHGAGON 'APO TWN TO=TE KAKWN. CRONWI DE 'OU
POLLWI METEPESE TA TWN TRIAKONTA TE-KAI PASA "H TO=TE
POLITEIA; PALIN DE BRADUTERON MEN, "EILKEN DE ME "OMW$ "H
<P 325B>
PERI= TO PRATTEIN TA KOINA KAI POLITIKA 'EPIQUMIA. 'H*N 'OUN-KAI
'EN 'EKEINOI$ "ATE TETARAGMENOI$ POLLA GIGNOMENA "A TI$ 'AN4
DUSCERANEIEN, KAI 'OUDEN TI QAUMASTON 'H*N TIMWRIA$ 'ECQRWN
GIGNESQAI TINWN TISIN MEIZOU$ 'EN METABOLAI$; KAITOI POLLHI
GE 'ECRHSANTO "OI TO=TE KATELQONTE$ 'EPIEIKEIA\. KATA DE TINA
TUCHN 'AU TON "ETAIRON "HMWN SWKRATH TOUTON DUNASTEUONTE$
TINE$ 'EISAGOUSIN0 'EI$ DIKASTHRION, 'ANOSIWTATHN 'AITIAN 'EPIBALONTE$
<P 325C>
KAI PANTWN "HKISTA SWKRATEI PROSHKOUSAN; "W$ 'ASEBH
GAR "OI MEN 'EISHGAGON "OI DE KATEYHFISANTO KAI 'APEKTEINAN
TON TO=TE TH$ 'ANOSIOU 'AGWGH$ 'OUK 'EQELHSANTA METASCEIN PERI=
"ENA TWN TO=TE FEUGONTWN0 FILWN "OTE FEUGONTE$ 'EDUSTUCOUN
'AUTOI. SKOPOUNTI DH MOI TAUTA TE-KAI TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ TOU$
PRATTONTA$ TA POLITIKA, KAI TOU$ NOMOU$ GE-KAI 'EQH, "OSWI
MALLON DIESKOPOUN "HLIKIA$ TE 'EI$ TO PROSQE PROUBAINON,
TOSOUTWI CALEPWTERON 'EFAINETO 'ORQW$ 'EINAI MOI TA POLITIKA
<P 325D>
DIOIKEIN; 'OUTE-GAR 'ANEU FILWN 'ANDRWN KAI "ETAIRWN PISTWN
"OION-T'-'EINAI PRATTEIN % "OU$ 'OUQ' "UPARCONTA$ 'H*N "EUREIN 'EUPETE$,
'OU-GAR 'ETI 'EN TOI$ TWN PATERWN 'HQESIN KAI 'EPITHDEUMASIN
"H POLI$ "HMWN DIWIKEITO, KAINOU$ TE 'ALLOU$ 'ADUNATON 'H*N
KTASQAI META TINO$ "RA\STWNH$ % TA TE TWN NOMWN GRAMMATA
KAI 'EQH DIEFQEIRETO KAI 'EPEDIDOU QAUMASTON "OSON, "WSTE ME,
<P 325E>
TO PRWTON POLLH$ MESTON 'ONTA "ORMH$ 'EPI TO PRATTEIN TA
KOINA, BLEPONTA 'EI$ TAUTA KAI FEROMENA "ORWNTA PANTHI
PANTW$ TELEUTWNTA 'ILIGGIAN, KAI TOU* MEN SKOPEIN MH 'APOSTHNAI0
MH POTE 'AMEINON 'AN4 GIGNOITO PERI= TE 'AUTA TAUTA KAI-DH-KAI


<P 326A>
PERI= THN PASAN POLITEIAN, TOU* DE PRATTEIN 'AU PERIMENEIN0
'AEI KAIROU$, TELEUTWNTA DE NOHSAI0 PERI= PASWN TWN
NU*N POLEWN "OTI4 KAKW$ SUMPASAI POLITEUONTAI % TA GAR TWN
NOMWN 'AUTAI$ SCEDON 'ANIATW$ 'ECONTA 'ESTIN 'ANEU PARASKEUH$
QAUMASTH$ TINO$ META TUCH$ % LEGEIN TE 'HNAGKASQHN, 'EPAINWN
THN 'ORQHN FILOSOFIAN, "W$ 'EK TAUTH$ 'ESTIN2 TA TE POLITIKA
DI=KAIA KAI TA TWN 'IDIWTWN PANTA KATIDEIN; KAKWN 'OUN 'OU
<P 326B>
LHXEIN TA 'ANQRWPINA GENH, PRIN 'AN4 'H= TO TWN FILOSOFOUNTWN0
'ORQW$ GE-KAI 'ALHQW$ GENO$ 'EI$ 'ARCA$ 'ELQHI6 TA$ POLITIKA$ 'H=
TO TWN DUNASTEUONYWN0 'EN TAI$ POLESIN 'EK TINO$ MOIRA$ QEIA$
'ONTW$ FILOSOFHSHI6.
TAUTHN DH THN DIANOIAN 'ECWN 'EI$ 'ITALIAN TE-KAI SIKELIAN
'HLQON, "OTE PRWTON 'AFIKOMHN. 'ELQONTA DE ME "O TAUTHI LEGOMENO$
'AU BIO$ 'EUDAIMWN, 'ITALIWTIKWN TE-KAI SURAKOUSIWN
TRAPEZWN PLHRH$, 'OUDAMHI 'OUDAMW$ 'HRESEN, DI$ TE TH$ "HMERA$
'EMPIMPLAMENON ZHN KAI MHDEPOTE KOIMWMENON MONON NUKTWR,
<P 326C>
KAI "OSA TOUTWI 'EPITHDEUMATA SUNEPETAI TW*I BIWI; 'EK GAR
TOUTWN TWN 'EQWN 'OUT' 'AN4 FRONIMO$ 'OUDEI$ POTE GENESQAI TWN
"UPO TON 'OURANON 'ANQRWPWN 'EK NEOU 'EPITHDEUWN DUNAITO % 'OUC
"OUTW$ QAUMASTHI FUSEI KRAQHSETAI % SWFRWN DE-'OUD' 'AN4
MELLHSAI4 POTE GENESQAI, KAI-DH-KAI PERI= TH$ 'ALLH$ 'ARETH$
"O 'AUTO$ LOGO$ 'AN4 'EIH, POLI$ TE 'OUDEMIA 'AN4 'HREMHSAI4 KATA
NOMOU$ 'OUD' "OUSTINASOUN 'ANDRWN 'OIOMENWN 'ANALISKEIN MEN DEIN
<P 326D>
PANTA 'EI$ "UPERBOLA$, 'ARGWN DE 'EI$ "APANTA "HGOUMENWN 'AU
DEIN GIGNESQAI PLHN 'E$ 'EUWCIA$ KAI POTOU$ KAI 'AFRODISIWN
SPOUDA$ DIAPONOUMENA$; 'ANAGKAION DE 'EINAI TAUTA$ TA$ POLEI$
TURANNIDA$ TE-KAI 'OLIGARCIA$ KAI DHMOKRATIA$ METABALLOUSA$
MHDEPOTE LHGEIN, DIKAIOU DE-KAI 'ISONOMOU POLITEIA$ TOU$ 'EN
'AUTAI$ DUNASTEUONTA$ MHD' 'ONOMA 'AKOUONTA$ 'ANECESQAI.
TAUTA DH PRO$ TOI$ PROSQE DIANOOUMENO$, 'EI$ SURAKOUSA$
<P 326E>
DIEPOREUQHN, 'ISW$ MEN KATA TUCHN, 'EOIKEN0 MHN TO=TE MHCANWMENWI
TINI TWN KREITTONWN 'ARCHN BALESQAI TWN NU*N GEGONOTWN
PRAGMATWN PERI= DIWNA KAI TWN PERI= SURAKOUSA$;
DEO$ DE MH KAI PLEIONWN 'ETI, 'EA=N MH NU*N "UMEI$ 'EMOI4 PEIQHSQE
TO DEUTERON SUMBOULEUONTI. PW*$ 'OUN-DH LEGW0 PANTWN


<P 327A>
'ARCHN GEGONENAI THN TO=TE 'EI$ SIKELIAN 'EMHN 'AFIXIN: 'EGW
SUGGENOMENO$ DIWNI TO=TE NEWI KINDUNEUW0, TA DOKOUNTA 'EMOI4
BELTISTA 'ANQRWPOI$ 'EINAI MHNUWN DIA= LOGWN KAI PRATTEIN
'AUTA SUMBOULEUWN, 'AGNOEIN "OTI4 TURANNIDO$ TINA TROPON
KATALUSIN 'ESOMENHN MHCANWMENO$ 'ELANQANON 'EMAUTON. DIWN
MEN-GAR-DH, MAL' 'EUMAQH$ 'WN PRO$ TE 'TALLA KAI PRO$ TOU$
TO=TE "UP' 'EMOU4 LOGOU$ GENOMENOU$, "OUTW$ 'OXEW$ "UPHKOUSEN
<P 327B>
KAI SFO=DRA "W$ 'OUDEI$ PWPOTE "WN 'EGW PROSETUCON NEWN, KAI
TON 'EPILOIPON BION ZHN 'HQELHSEN DIAFERONTW$ TWN POLLWN
'ITALIWTWN TE-KAI SIKELIWTWN, 'ARETHN PERI= PLEIONO$ "HDONH$
TH$ TE 'ALLH$ TRUFH$ 'HGAPHKW$; "OQEN 'EPACQESTERON TOI$
PERI= TA TURANNIKA NOMIMA ZWSIN4 'EBIW MECRI TOU* QANATOU
TOU* PERI= DIONUSION GENOMENOU. META DE TOUTO DIENOHQH MH
MONON 'EN "AUTWI POT' 'AN4 GENESQAI TAUTHN THN DIANOIAN, "HN
<P 327C>
'AUTO$ "UPO TWN 'ORQWN LOGWN 'ESCEN, 'EGGIGNOMENHN DE 'AUTHN
KAI 'EN 'ALLOI$ "ORWN KATENOEI, POLLOI$ MEN 'OU=, GIGNOMENHN D' 'OUN
'EN TISIN, "WN KAI DIONUSION "HGHSATO "ENA GENESQAI TAC'
'AN4 SULLAMBANONTWN0 QEWN, GENOMENOU D' 'AU TOU* TOIOUTOU TON
TE 'AUTOU4 BION KAI TON TWN 'ALLWN SURAKOUSIWN 'AMHCANON
'AN4 MAKARIOTHTI SUMBHNAI0 GENOMENON. PRO$ DH TOUTOI$ 'WIHQH
DEIN 'EK PANTO$ TROPOU 'EI$ SURAKOUSA$ "OTI2 TACISTA 'ELQEIN 'EME
<P 327D>
KOINWNON TOUTWN, MEMNHMENO$ THN TE "AUTOU KAI 'EMHN SUNOUSIAN
"W$ 'EUPETW$ 'EXHRGASATO 'EI$ 'EPIQUMIAN 'ELQEIN 'AUTON TOU*
KALLISTOU TE-KAI 'ARISTOU BIOU; "O= DH-KAI NU*N 'EI DIAPRAXAITO
'EN DIONUSIWI "W$ 'EPECEIRHSE, MEGALA$ 'ELPIDA$ 'EICEN 'ANEU
SFAGWN KAI QANATWN KAI TWN NU*N GEGONOTWN KAKWN BION 'AN4
'EUDAIMONA KAI 'ALHQINON 'EN PASHI THI CWRA\ KATASKEUASAI0.
TAUTA DIWN 'ORQW$ DIANOHQEI$ 'EPEISE METAPEMPESQAI DIONUSION
'EME, KAI 'AUTO$ 'EDEITO PEMPWN "HKEIN "OTI2 TACISTA 'EK
<P 327E>
PANTO$ TROPOU, PRIN TINA$ 'ALLOU$ 'ENTUCONTA$ DIONUSIWI 'EP'
'ALLON BION 'AUTON TOU* BELTISTOU PARATREYAI0. LEGWN DE
TADE 'EDEITO, 'EI KAI MAKRO=TERA 'EIPEIN. TI=NA$ GAR KAIROU$
'EFH, MEIZOU$ PERIMENOUMEN TWN NU*N PARAGEGONOTWN QEIA\ TINI
TUCHI: KATALEGWN DE THN TE 'ARCHN TH$ 'ITALIA$ KAI SIKELIA$


<P 328A>
KAI THN "AUTOU DUNAMIN 'EN 'AUTHI, KAI THN NEOTHTA KAI THN
'EPIQUMIAN THN DIONUSIOU, FILOSOFIA$ TE-KAI PAIDEIA$ "W$ 'ECOI
SFO=DRA LEGWN, TOU$ TE "AUTOU 'ADELFIDOU$ KAI TOU$ 'OIKEIOU$
"W$ 'EUPARAKLHTOI 'EIEN PRO$ TON "UP' 'EMOU4 LEGOMENON 'AEI
LOGON KAI BION, "IKANWTATOI TE DIONUSION SUMPARAKALEIN0,
"WSTE 'EIPER POTE KAI NU*N 'ELPI$ PASA 'APOTELESQHSETAI TOU*
TOU$ 'AUTOU$ FILOSOFOU$ TE-KAI POLEWN 'ARCONTA$ MEGALWN
<P 328B>
SUMBHNAI0 GENOMENOU$. TA MEN-DH PARAKELEUMATA 'H*N TAUTA
TE-KAI TOIAUTA "E=TERA PAMPOLLA, THN D' 'EMHN DOXAN TO MEN
PERI= TWN NEWN, "OPHI POTE GENHSOITO, 'EICEN FOBO$ % "AI GAR
'EPIQUMIAI TWN TOIOUTWN TACEIAI KAI POLLAKI$ "EAUTAI$ 'ENANTIAI
FEROMENAI % TO DE DIWNO$ 'HQO$ 'HPISTAMHN TH$ YUCH$ PE=RI
FUSEI TE 'EMBRIQE$ 'ON "HLIKIA$ TE 'HDH METRIW$ 'ECON. "OQEN
MOI SKOPOUMENWI KAI DISTAZONTI POTERON 'EIH POREUTEON KAI
"UPAKOUSTEON 'H= PW*$, "OMW$ 'ERREYE DEIN, 'EI POTE TI$ TA DIANOHQENTA
<P 328C>
PERI= NOMWN TE-KAI POLITEIA$ 'APOTELEIN0 'EGCEIRHSOI,
KAI NU*N PEIRATEON 'EINAI; PEISA$ GAR "ENA MONON "IKANW$ PANTA
'EXEIRGASMENO$-'ESOIMHN 'AGAQA. TAUTHI MEN-DH THI DIANOIA\ TE-KAI
TOLMHI 'APHRA 'OIKOQEN, 'OUC "HI TINE$ 'EDOXAZON, 'ALL' 'AISCUNOMENO$
MEN 'EMAUTON TO MEGISTON, MH DOXAIMI POTE 'EMAUTWI
PANTAPASI LOGO$ MONON 'ATECNW$ 'EINAI TI$, 'ERGOU DE 'OUDENO$
'AN4 POTE "EKWN 'ANQAYASQAI, KINDUNEUSEIN DE PRODOUNAI0 PRWTON
<P 328D>
MEN THN DIWNO$ XENIAN TE-KAI "ETAIRIAN 'EN KINDUNOI$ 'ONTW$
GEGONOTO$ 'OU SMIKROI$. 'EI=T'-'OUN PAQOI TI, 'EI=T' 'EKPESWN "UPO
DIONUSIOU KAI TWN 'ALLWN 'ECQRWN 'ELQOI PAR' "HMA$ FEUGWN
KAI 'ANEROITO 'EIPWN; 'W* PLATWN, "HKW0 SOI4 FUGA$ 'OUC "OPLITWN
DEOMENO$ 'OUDE "IPPEWN 'ENDEH$ GENOMENO$ TOU* 'AMUNASQAI
TOU$ 'ECQROU$, 'ALLA= LOGWN KAI PEIQOU$, "HI SE MALISTA 'HPISTAMHN
'EGW DUNAMENON 'ANQRWPOU$ NEOU$ 'EPI TA 'AGAQA KAI TA
DI=KAIA PROTREPONTA 'EI$ FILIAN TE-KAI "ETAIRIAN 'ALLHLOI$
<P 328E>
KAQISTANAI "EKASTOTE; "WN 'ENDEIA\ KATA TO SON MERO$ NU*N 'EGW
KATALIPWN SURAKOUSA$ 'ENQADE PAREIMI. KAI TO MEN 'EMON
'ELATTON 'ONEIDO$ SOI4 FEREI0; FILOSOFIA DE, "HN 'EGKWMIAZEI$
'AEI KAI 'ATIMW$ FH=I$ "UPO TWN LOIPWN 'ANQRWPWN FERESQAI, PW*$
'OU PRODEDOTAI TA NU*N MET' 'EMOU4 MERO$ "OSON 'EPI SOI4 GEGONEN0:


<P 329A>
KAI MEGAROI MEN 'EI KATOIKOUNTE$ 'ETUGCANOMEN, 'HLQE$ DHPOU
'AN4 MOI BOHQO$ 'EF' "A SE PAREKALOUN, 'H= PANTWN 'AN4 FAULOTATON
"HGOU SAUTON; NU*N D'-'A=RA TO MHKO$ TH$ POREIA$ KAI TO
MEGEQO$ DH TOU* PLOU KAI TOU* PONOU 'EPAITIWMENO$ 'OIEI DOXAN
KAKIA$ 'APOFEUXEISQAI POTE: POLLOU KAI DEHSEI2. LECQENTWN5
DE TOUTWN TI=$ 'AN4 'H*N MOI PRO$ TAUTA 'EUSCHMWN 'APOKRISI$:
'OUK 'ESTIN. 'ALL' 'HLQON MEN KATA LOGON 'EN DIKHI TE
<P 329B>
"W$ "OION-TE 'ANQRWPWI MALISTA, DIA= TE TA TOIAUTA KATALIPWN
TA$ 'EMAUTOU DIATRIBA$, 'OUSA$ 'OUK 'ASCHMONA$, "UPO TURANNIDA
DOKOUSAN 'OU PREPEIN TOI$ 'EMOI$ LOGOI$ 'OUDE 'EMOI4; 'ELQWN
TE 'EMAUTON 'HLEUQERWSA DIO$ XENIOU KAI TH$ FILOSOFOU
'ANEGKLHTON MOIRA$ PARESCON, 'EPONEIDISTOU GENOMENH$ 'AN4,
'EI TI KATAMALQAKISQEI$ KAI 'APODEILIWN 'AISCUNH$ METESCON
KAKH$. 'ELQWN DE % 'OU-GAR DEI MHKUNEIN0 % "HURON
STASEW$ TA PERI= DIONUSION MESTA SUMPANTA KAI DIABOLWN
<P 329C>
PRO$ THN TURANNIDA DIWNO$ PE=RI; 'HMUNON MEN-'OUN KAQ' "OSON
'HDUNAMHN, SMIKRA D' "OIO$-T'-'H*2, MHNI DE SCEDON 'ISW$ TETARTWI
DIWNA DIONUSIO$ 'AITIWMENO$ 'EPIBOULEUEIN THI TURANNIDI,
SMIKRON 'EI$ PLOION 'EMBIBASA$, 'EXEBALEN 'ATIMW$. "OI DH
DIWNO$ TO META TOUTO PANTE$ FILOI 'EFOBOUMEQA MH TINA
'EPAITIWMENO$ TIMWROITO "W$ SUNAITION TH$ DIWNO$ 'EPIBOULH$;
PERI= D' 'EMOU4 KAI DIHLQE LOGO$ TI$ 'EN SURAKOUSAI$, "W$
TEQNEW$-'EIHN "UPO DIONUSIOU TOUTWN "W$ PANTWN TWN TO=TE
<P 329D>
GEGONOTWN 'AITIO$. "O DE 'AISQANOMENO$ PANTA$ "HMA$ "OUTW
DIATEQENTA$, FOBOUMENO$ MH MEIZON 'EK TWN FOBWN GENOITO
TI, FILOFRONW$ PANTA$ 'ANELAMBANEN, KAI-DH-KAI TON 'EME
PAREMUQEITO TE-KAI QARREIN DIEKELEUETO KAI 'EDEITO PANTW$
MENEIN0; 'EGIGNETO GAR "OI2 TO MEN 'EME FUGEIN 'AP' 'AUTOU4 KALON
'OUDEN, TO DE MENEIN0 % DIO DH-KAI SFO=DRA PROSEPOIEITO DEISQAI.
TA$ DE TWN TURANNWN DEHSEI$ 'ISMEN "OTI4 MEMEIGMENAI 'ANAGKAI$
<P 329E>
'EISIN % "O= DH MHCANWMENO$ DIEKWLUEN MOU TON 'EKPLOUN, 'EI$
'AKROPOLIN 'AGAGWN KAI KATOIKISA$ "OQEN 'OUD' 'AN4 "EI$ 'ETI ME
NAUKLHRO$ MH-"OTI4 KWLUONTO$ 'EXHGAGE DIONUSIOU, 'ALL'-'OUD'
'EI MH PEMPWN 'AUTO$ TON KELEUONTA 'EXAGAGEIN 'EPESTELLEN,
'OUT' 'AN4 'EMPORO$ 'OUTE TWN 'EN TAI$ TH$ CWRA$ 'EXODOI$
'ARCONTWN0 'OUD' 'AN4 "EI$ PERIEIDEN ME MONON 'EKPOREUOMENON,
"O$4 'OUK 'AN4 SULLABWN 'EUQEW$ PARA DIONUSION PALIN 'APHGAGEN,
'ALLW$ TE KAI DIHGGELMENON 'HDH POTE 'TOUNANTION 'H=


<P 330A>
TO PROTERON PALIN, "W$ PLATWNA DIONUSIO$ QAUMASTW$ "W$
'ASPAZETAI. TO D' 'EICEN DH PW*$: TO GAR 'ALHQE$ DEI FRAZEIN.
'HSPAZETO MEN 'AEI PROIONTO$ TOU* CRONOU MALLON KATA THN
TOU* TROPOU TE-KAI 'HQOU$ SUNOUSIAN, "EAUTON DE 'EPAINEIN
MALLON 'H= DIWNA 'EBOULETO ME KAI FILON "HGEISQAI DIAFERONTW$
MALLON 'H= 'KEINON, KAI QAUMASTW$ 'EFILONIKEI PRO$ TO TOIOUTON;
"HI D' 'AN4 "OUTW$ 'EGENETO, 'EIPER 'EGIGNETO, KALLISTA, 'WKNEI
<P 330B>
"W$ DH MANQANWN KAI 'AKOUWN TWN PERI= FILOSOFIAN LOGWN
'OIKEIOUSQAI KAI 'EMOI4 SUGGIGNESQAI, FOBOUMENO$ TOU$ TWN
DIABALLONTWN0 LOGOU$, MH PHI PARAPODISQEIH KAI DIWN
DH PANTA 'EIH-DIAPEPRAGMENO$. 'EGW DE PANTA "UPEMENON,
THN PRWTHN DIANOIAN FULATTWN "HIPER 'AFIKOMHN, 'EI PW$
'EI$ 'EPIQUMIAN 'ELQOI TH$ FILOSOFOU ZWH$; "O D' 'ENIKHSEN
'ANTITEINWN.
KAI "O PRWTO$ DH CRONO$ TH$ 'EI$ SIKELIAN 'EMH$ 'EPIDHMIA$
<P 330C>
TE-KAI DIATRIBH$ DIA= PANTA TAUTA SUNEBH GENOMENO$. META
DE TOUTO 'APEDHMHSA TE-KAI PALIN 'AFIKOMHN PASHI SPOUDHI
METAPEMPOMENOU DIONUSIOU; "WN DE "ENEKA KAI "OSA 'EPRAXA,
"W$ 'EIKOTA TE-KAI DI=KAIA, "UMIN PRWTON MEN SUMBOULEUSA$ "A
CRH POIEIN 'EK TWN NU*N GEGONOTWN, "USTERON TA PERI= TAUTA
DIEXEIMI, TWN 'EPANERWTWNTWN0 "ENEKA TI= DH BOULOMENO$ 'HLQON
TO DEUTERON, "INA MH TA PARERGA "W$ 'ERGA MOI SUMBAINHI5 LEGOMENA.
LEGW0 DH TADE 'EGW %
TON SUMBOULEUONTA 'ANDRI KAMNONTI KAI DIAITAN DIAITWMENWI
<P 330D>
MOCQHRAN PRO$ "UGIEIAN 'ALLO TI CRH PRWTON MEN METABALLEIN
TON BION, KAI 'EQELONTI MEN PEIQESQAI KAI 'TALLA
'HDH PARAINEIN; MH 'EQELONTI DE, FEUGONTA 'APO TH$ TOU* TOIOUTOU
SUMBOULH$ 'ANDRA TE "HGOIMHN 'AN4 KAI 'IATRIKON, TON DE "UPOMENONTA
'TOUNANTION 'ANANDRON TE-KAI 'ATECNON. 'TAUTON DH-KAI
POLEI, 'EI=TE 'AUTH$ "EI$ 'EIH KURIO$ 'EI=TE-KAI PLEIOU$, 'EI MEN
KATA TROPON 'ORQHI POREUOMENH$ "ODWI TH$ POLITEIA$ SUMBOULEUOITO
<P 330E>
TI TWN PROSFORWN, NOUN 'ECONTO$ TO TOI$ TOIOUTOI$
SUMBOULEUEIN; TOI$ D' 'EXW TO PARAPAN BAINOUSI4 TH$ 'ORQH$
POLITEIA$ KAI MHDAMHI 'EQELOUSIN4 'AUTH$ 'EI$ 'ICNO$ 'IENAI, PROAGOREUOUSIN4
DE TW*I SUMBOULWI THN MEN POLITEIAN 'EA*N KAI MH


<P 331A>
KINEIN, "W$ 'APOQANOUMENWI 'EA=N KINHI5, TAI$ DE BOULHSESIN KAI
'EPIQUMIAI$ 'AUTWN "UPHRETOUNTA$ SUMBOULEUEIN KELEUOIEN, TI=NA
TROPON GIGNOIT' 'AN4 "RA*ISTA TE-KAI TACISTA 'EI$ TON 'AEI CRONON,
TON MEN "UPOMENONTA SUMBOULA$ TOIAUTA$ "HGOIMHN 'AN4 'ANANDRON,
TON D' 'OUC "UPOMENONTA 'ANDRA. TAUTHN DH THN DIANOIAN
'EGW KEKTHMENO$, "OTAN TI$ MOI SUMBOULEUHTAI PERI= TINO$ TWN
MEGISTWN PERI= TON "AUTOU BION, "OION PERI= CRHMATWN KTHSEW$
<P 331B>
'H= PERI= SWMATO$ 'H= YUCH$ 'EPIMELEIA$, 'AN2 MEN MOI TO KAQ'
"HMERAN 'EN TINI TROPWI DOKHI5 ZHN 'H= SUMBOULEUSANTO$ 'AN4 'EQELEIN
PEIQESQAI PERI= "WN 'ANAKOINOUTAI, PROQUMW$ SUMBOULEUW0 KAI
'OUK 'AFOSIWSAMENO$ MONON 'EPAUSAMHN. 'EA=N DE MH SUMBOULEUHTAI
MOI TO PARAPAN 'H= SUMBOULEUONTI DHLO$ 'HI MHDAMHI
PEISOMENO$, 'AUTOKLHTO$ 'EPI TON TOIOUTON 'OUK 'ERCOMAI SUMBOULEUSWN,
BIASOMENO$ DE-'OUD' 'AN2 "UO$ 'HI MOU. DOULWI DE
SUMBOULEUSAIM' 'AN4 KAI MH 'EQELONTA GE PROSBIAZOIMHN;
<P 331C>
PATERA DE 'H= MHTERA 'OUC "OSION "HGOUMAI PROSBIAZESQAI MH
NOSWI PARAFROSUNH$ 'ECOMENOU$, 'EA=N DE TINA KAQESTWTA ZWSI3
BION, "EAUTOI$ 'ARESKONTA, 'EMOI4 DE MH, MHTE 'APECQANESQAI
MATHN NOUQETOUNTA MHTE-DH KOLAKEUONTA GE "UPHRETEIN 'AUTOI$,
PLHRWSEI$ 'EPIQUMIWN 'EKPORIZONTA "A$ 'AUTO$ 'ASPAZOMENO$
'OUK 'AN4 'EQELOIMI ZHN. 'TAUTON DH-KAI PERI= POLEW$ "AUTOU
DIANOOUMENON CRH ZHN TON 'EMFRONA; LEGEIN MEN, 'EI MH
<P 331D>
KALW$ 'AUTWI FAINOITO POLITEUESQAI, 'EI MELLOI MHTE MATAIW$
'EREIN2 MHTE 'APOQANEISQAI LEGWN, BIAN DE PATRIDI POLITEIA$
METABOLH$ MH PROSFEREIN, "OTAN 'ANEU FUGH$ KAI SFAGH$
'ANDRWN MH DUNATON 'HI GIGNESQAI THN 'ARISTHN, "HSUCIAN DE
'AGONTA 'EUCESQAI TA 'AGAQA "AUTWI TE-KAI THI POLEI.
KATA DH TOUTON TON TROPON 'EGW "UMIN T' 'AN4 SUMBOULEUOIMI,
SUNEBOULEUON DE-KAI DIONUSIWI META DIWNO$, ZHN MEN TO
KAQ' "HMERAN PRWTON, "OPW$ 'EGKRATH$ 'AUTO$ "AUTOU "OTI2 MALISTA
<P 331E>
'ESESQAI MELLOI KAI PISTOU$ FILOU$ TE-KAI "ETAIROU$ KTHSESQAI,
"OPW$ MH PAQOI "APER "O PATHR 'AUTOU4, "O$4 PARALABWN SIKELIA$
POLLA$ KAI MEGALA$ POLEI$ "UPO TWN BARBARWN 'EKPEPORQHMENA$,
'OUC "OIO$-T'-'H*N KATOIKISA$ POLITEIA$ 'EN "EKASTAI$
KATASTHSASQAI PISTA$ "ETAIRWN 'ANDRWN, 'OUTE 'ALLWN DH


<P 332A>
POQEN 'OQNEIWN 'OUTE 'ADELFWN, "OU$ 'EQREYEN TE 'AUTO$ NEWTEROU$
'ONTA$, 'EK TE 'IDIWTWN 'ARCONTA$ KAI 'EK PENHTWN PLOUSIOU$
'EPEPOIHKEI DIAFERONTW$. TOUTWN KOINWNON TH$ 'ARCH$
'OUDENA "OIO$-T'-'H*N PEIQOI* KAI DIDACHI KAI 'EUERGESIAI$ KAI
SUGGENEIAI$ 'APERGASAMENO$ POIHSASQAI, DAREIOU DE "EPTAPLASIWI
FAULOTERO$ 'EGENETO, "O$4 'OUK 'ADELFOI$ PISTEUSA$ 'OUD'
"UF' "AUTOU TRAFEISIN, KOINWNOI$ DE MONON TH$ TOU* MHDOU TE-KAI
<P 332B>
'EUNOUCOU CEIRWSEW$, DIENEIME TE MERH MEIZW "EKASTA
SIKELIA$ PASH$ "EPTA, KAI PISTOI$ 'ECRHSATO TOI$ KOINWNOI$
KAI 'OUK 'EPITIQEMENOI$ 'OUTE 'AUTWI 'OUTE 'ALLHLOI$, 'EDEIXEN TE
PARADEIGMA "OION CRH TON NOMOQETHN KAI BASILEA TON 'AGAQON
GIGNESQAI; NOMOU$ GAR KATASKEUASA$ 'ETI KAI NU*N DIASESWKEN0
THN PERSWN 'ARCHN. 'ETI DE 'AQHNAIOI PRO$ TOUTOI$, 'OUK
'AUTOI KATOIKISANTE$, POLLA$ TWN "ELLHNWN POLEI$ "UPO BARBARWN
'EMBEBLHMENA$ 'ALL' 'OIKOUMENA$ PARALABONTE$, "OMW$
<P 332C>
"EBDOMHKONTA 'ETH DIEFULAXAN THN 'ARCHN 'ANDRA$ FILOU$ 'EN
TAI$ POLESIN "EKASTAI$ KEKTHMENOI. DIONUSIO$ DE 'EI$ MIAN
POLIN "AQROISA$ PASAN SIKELIAN, "UPO SOFIA$ PISTEUWN 'OUDENI,
MOGI$ 'ESWQH; PENH$ GAR 'H*N 'ANDRWN FILWN KAI PISTWN, "OU2
MEIZON SHMEION 'EI$ 'ARETHN KAI KAKIAN 'OUK 'ESTIN 'OUDEN, TOU*
'ERHMON 'H= MH TOIOUTWN 'ANDRWN 'EINAI. "A DH-KAI DIONUSIWI
SUNEBOULEUOMEN 'EGW KAI DIWN, 'EPEIDH TA PARA= TOU* PATRO$
<P 332D>
'AUTWI SUNEBEBHKEI "OUTW$ 'ANOMILHTWI MEN PAIDEIA$, 'ANOMILHTWI
DE SUNOUSIWN TWN PROSHKOUSWN GEGONENAI, PRWTON
'EPEITA TAUTHI "ORMHSANTA FILOU$ 'ALLOU$ "AUTWI TWN 'OIKEIWN
"AMA KAI "HLIKIWTWN KAI SUMFWNOU$ PRO$ 'ARETHN KTHSASQAI,
MALISTA D' 'AUTON "AUTWI TOUTOU GAR 'AUTON QAUMASTW$ 'ENDEA
GEGONENAI, LEGONTE$ 'OUK 'ENARGW$ "OUTW$ % 'OU-GAR 'H*N 'ASFALE$ %
'AINITTOMENOI DE-KAI DIAMACOMENOI TOI$ LOGOI$ "W$ "OUTW MEN
PA$ 'ANHR "AUTON TE-KAI 'EKEINOU$ "WN 'AN4 "HGEMWN GIGNHTAI SWSEI2,
<P 332E>
MH TAUTHI DE TRAPOMENO$ 'TANANTIA PANTA 'APOTELEI2; POREUQEI$
DE "W$ LEGOMEN, KAI "EAUTON 'EMFRONA TE-KAI SWFRONA 'APERGASAMENO$,
'EI TA$ 'EXHRHMWMENA$ SIKELIA$ POLEI$ KATOIKISEIEN
NOMOI$ TE SUNDHSEIEN KAI POLITEIAI$, "WSTE "AUTWI TE 'OIKEIA$
KAI 'ALLHLAI$ 'EINAI PRO$ TA$ TWN BARBARWN BOHQEIA$, 'OU


<P 333A>
DIPLASIAN THN PATRWIAN 'ARCHN MONON POIHSOI, POLLAPLASIAN
DE 'ONTW$; "ETOIMON GAR 'EINAI TOUTWN GENOMENWN POLU MALLON
DOULWSASQAI KARCHDONIOU$ TH$ 'EPI GELWNO$ 'AUTOI$ GENOMENH$
DOULEIA$, 'ALL' 'OUC "WSPER NU*N 'TOUNANTION "O PATHR 'AUTOU4
FORON 'ETAXATO FEREIN TOI$ BARBAROI$. TAUTA 'H*N TA LEGOMENA
KAI PARAKELEUOMENA "UF' "HMWN TWN 'EPIBOULEUONTWN0
DIONUSIWI "W$ POLLACOQEN 'ECWROUN "OI TOIOUTOI LOGOI, "OI=4 DH-KAI
KRATHSANTE$ PARA DIONUSIWI 'EXEBALON MEN DIWNA, "HMA$
<P 333B>
D' 'EI$ FOBON KATEBALON; "INA D' 'EKPERANWMEN 'OUK 'OLIGA
PRAGMATA TA 'EN 'OLIGWI CRONWI, 'ELQWN 'EK PELOPONNHSOU KAI
'AQHNWN DIWN 'ERGWI TON DIONUSION 'ENOUQETHSEN. 'EPEIDH
D'-'OUN 'HLEUQERWSEN TE-KAI 'APEDWKEN 'AUTOI$ DI$ THN POLIN,
'TAUTON PRO$ DIWNA SURAKOSIOI TO=TE 'EPAQON "OPER KAI DIONUSIO$,
"OTE 'AUTON 'EPECEIREI PAIDEUSA$ KAI QREYA$ BASILEA TH$
'ARCH$ 'AXION, "OUTW KOINWNEIN 'AUTWI TOU* BIOU PANTO$, "O DE TOI$
<P 333C>
DIABALLOUSIN4 KAI LEGOUSIN4 "W$ 'EPIBOULEUWN THI TURANNIDI
DIWN PRATTOI PANTA "OSA 'EPRATTEN 'EN TW*I TO=TE CRONWI, "INA
"O MEN PAIDEIA\ DH TON NOUN KHLHQEI$ 'AMELOI TH$ 'ARCH$ 'EPITREYA$
'EKEINWI, "O DE SFETERISAITO KAI DIONUSION 'EKBALOI2 'EK
TH$ 'ARCH$ DOLWI. TAUTA TO=TE 'ENIKHSEN KAI TO DEUTERON 'EN
SURAKOSIOI$ LEGOMENA, KAI MALA 'ATOPWI TE-KAI 'AISCRA*I NIKHI
TOI$ TH$ NIKH$ 'AITIOI$. "OION GAR GEGONEN0, 'AKOUSAI0 CRH TOU$
<P 333D>
'EME PARAKALOUNTA$0 PRO$ TA NU*N PRAGMATA. 'HLQON 'AQHNAIO$
'ANHR 'EGW, "ETAIRO$ DIWNO$, SUMMACO$ 'AUTWI, PRO$ TON TURANNON,
"OPW$ 'ANTI POLEMOU FILIAN POIHSAIMI; DIAMACOMENO$ DE
TOI$ DIABALLOUSIN4 "HTTHQHN. PEIQONTO$ DE DIONUSIOU TIMAI$
KAI CRHMASIN GENESQAI MET' 'AUTOU4 'EME MARTURA TE-KAI FILON
PRO$ THN 'EUPREPEIAN TH$ 'EKBOLH$ TH$ DIWNO$ 'AUTWI GIGNESQAI,
TOUTWN DH TO PAN DIHMARTEN. "USTERON DE-DH KATIWN 'OIKADE
<P 333E>
DIWN 'ADELFW DUO PROSLAMBANEI0 'AQHNHQEN, 'OUK 'EK FILOSOFIA$
GEGONOTE FI=LW, 'ALL' 'EK TH$ PERITRECOUSH$ "ETAIRIA$
TAUTH$ TH$ TWN PLEISTWN FILWN, "HN 'EK TOU* XENIZEIN TE-KAI
MUEIN KAI 'EPOPTEUEIN PRAGMATEUONTAI, KAI-DH-KAI
TOUTW TW SUGKATAGAGONTE 'AUTON FI=LW 'EK TOUTWN TE-KAI 'EK
TH$ PRO$ THN KAQODON "UPHRESIA$ 'EGENESQHN "ETAIRW; 'ELQONTE$


<P 334A>
DE 'EI$ SIKELIAN, 'EPEIDH DIWNA 'HISQONTO DIABEBLHMENON 'EI$
TOU$ 'ELEUQERWQENTA$ "UP' 'AUTOU4 SIKELIWTA$ "W$ 'EPIBOULEUONTA
GENESQAI TURANNON, 'OU MONON TON "ETAIRON KAI XENON PROUDOSAN,
'ALL' "OION TOU* FONOU 'AUTOCEIRE$ 'EGENONTO, "OPLA
'ECONTE$ 'EN TAI$ CERSIN 'AUTOI TOI$ FONEUSI PARESTWTE$ 'EPIKOUROI.
KAI TO MEN 'AISCRON KAI 'ANOSION 'OUTE PARIEMAI 'EGWGE
'OUTE TI LEGW0 % POLLOI$ GAR-KAI 'ALLOI$ "UMNEIN TAUTA 'EPIMELE$
<P 334B>
KAI 'EI$ TON 'EPEITA MELHSEI2 CRONON % TO DE 'AQHNAIWN PE=RI
LEGOMENON, "W$ 'AISCUNHN "OUTOI PERIHYAN THI POLEI, 'EXAIROUMAI;
FHMI GAR 'KAKEINON 'AQHNAION 'EINAI "O$4 'OU PROUDWKEN TON 'AUTON
TOUTON, 'EXON CRHMATA KAI 'ALLA$ TIMA$ POLLA$ LAMBANEIN. 'OU-GAR
DIA= BANAUSOU FILOTHTO$ 'EGEGONEI FILO$, DIA= DE 'ELEUQERA$
PAIDEIA$ KOINWNIAN, "HI MONHI CRH PISTEUEIN TON NOUN KEKTHMENON
MALLON 'H= SUGGENEIA\ YUCWN KAI SWMATWN; "WSTE 'OUK 'AXI=W
<P 334C>
'ONEIDOU$ GEGONATON THI POLEI TW DIWNA 'APOKTEINANTE, "W$
'ELLOGIMW PWPOTE 'ANDRE GENOMENW.
TAUTA 'EIRHTAI PANTA TH$ SUMBOULH$ "ENEKA TWN DIWNEIWN
FILWN KAI SUGGENWN; SUMBOULEUW0 DE-DH TI PRO$ TOUTOI$ THN
'AUTHN SUMBOULHN KAI LOGON TON 'AUTON LEGWN 'HDH TRITON
TRITOI$ "UMIN. MH DOULOUSQAI SIKELIAN "UP' 'ANQRWPOI$ DESPOTAI$,
MHDE 'ALLHN POLIN, "O G' 'EMO$ LOGO$, 'ALL' "UPO NOMOI$;
'OUTE-GAR TOI$ DOULOUMENOI$ 'OUTE TOI$ DOULWQEISIN 'AMEINON,
<P 334D>
'AUTOI$ KAI PAISI PAIDWN TE-KAI 'EKGONOI$, 'ALL' 'OLEQRIO$
PANTW$ "H PEIRA, SMIKRA DE-KAI 'ANELEU=QERA YUCWN 'HQH TA
TOIAUTA "ARPAZEIN KERDH FILEI0, 'OUDEN TWN 'EI$ TON 'EPEITA KAI
'EI$ TON PARONTA KAIRON 'AGAQWN KAI DIKAIWN 'EIDOTA QEIWN TE-KAI
'ANQRWPINWN. TAUTA PRWTON MEN DIWNA 'EPECEIRHSA 'EGW
PEIQEIN, DEUTERON DE DIONUSION, TRITOU$ DE "UMA$ NU*N. KAI
'EMOI4 PEIQESQE2 DIO$ TRITOU SWTHRO$ CARIN, 'EITA 'EI$ DIONUSION
BLEYANTE$ KAI DIWNA, "WN "O MEN MH PEIQOMENO$ ZHI0 TA NU*N
<P 334E>
'OU KALW$, "O DE PEIQOMENO$ TEQNHKEN0 KALW$; TO GAR TWN
KALLISTWN 'EFIEMENON "AUTWI TE-KAI POLEI PASCEIN "OTI2 'AN4
PASCHI5 PAN 'ORQON KAI KALON. 'OUTE-GAR PEFUKEN0 'AQANATO$
"HMWN 'OUDEI$, 'OUT' 'EI TWI SUMBAIH, GENOITO 'AN4 'EUDAIMWN, "W$
DOKEI0 TOI$ POLLOI$; KAKON GAR-KAI 'AGAQON 'OUDEN LOGOU 'AXION


<P 335A>
'ESTIN TOI$ 'AYUCOI$, 'ALL' 'H= META SWMATO$ 'OUSHI YUCHI TOUTO
SUMBHSETAI "EKASTHI 'H= KECWRISMENHI. PEIQESQAI DE 'ONTW$ 'AEI
CRH TOI$ PALAIOI$ TE-KAI "IEROI$ LOGOI$, "OI=4 DH MHNUOUSIN0 "HMIN
'AQANATON YUCHN 'EINAI DIKASTA$ TE 'ISCEIN KAI TINEIN TA$
MEGISTA$ TIMWRIA$, "OTAN TI$ 'APALLACQHI TOU* SWMATO$; DIO
KAI TA MEGALA "AMARTHMATA KAI 'ADIKHMATA SMIKROTERON 'EINAI
CRH NOMIZEIN KAKON PASCEIN 'H= DRASAI0, "WN "O FILOCRHMATO$
<P 335B>
PENH$ TE 'ANHR THN YUCHN 'OUTE 'AKOUEI0, 'EA=N TE 'AKOUSHI6, KATAGELWN,
"W$ 'OIETAI, PANTACOQEN 'ANAIDW$ "ARPAZEI0 PAN "OTIPER2
'AN4 'OIHTAI, KAQAPER QHRION, FAGEIN 'H= PIEIN 'H= PERI= THN
'ANDRAPODWDH KAI 'ACARISTON, 'AFRODISION LEGOMENHN 'OUK
'ORQW$, "HDONHN PORIEIN "AUTWI 'TOUMPIMPLASQAI, TUFLO$ 'WN KAI
'OUC "ORWN, "OI$ SUNEPETAI TWN "ARPAGMATWN 'ANOSIOURGIA, KAKON
"HLIKON 'AEI MET' 'ADIKHMATO$ "EKASTOU, "HN 'ANAGKAION TW*I 'ADIKHSANTI
SUNEFELKEIN 'EPI TE GHI STREFOMENWI KAI "UPO GH$
<P 335C>
NOSTHSANTI POREIAN 'ATIMON TE-KAI 'AQLIAN PANTW$ PANTACHI.
DIWNA DH 'EGW LEGWN TAUTA TE-KAI 'A=LLA TOIAUTA 'EPEIQON,
KAI TOI$ 'APOKTEINASIN 'EKEINON DIKAIOTAT' 'AN4 'ORGIZOIMHN 'EGW
TROPON TINA "OMOIOTATA KAI DIONUSIWI. 'AMFOTEROI GAR 'EME KAI
TOU$ 'ALLOU$ "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN "APANTA$ TA MEGISTA 'EBLAYAN
'ANQRWPOU$, "OI MEN TON BOULOMENON DIKAIOSUNHI CRHSQAI
DIAFQEIRANTE$, "O DE 'OUDEN 'EQELHSA$ CRHSASQAI DIKAIOSUNHI
<P 335D>
DIA= PASH$ TH$ 'ARCH$, MEGISTHN DUNAMIN 'ECWN, 'EN "HI GENOMENH
FILOSOFIA TE-KAI DUNAMI$ 'ONTW$ 'EN 'TAUTWI DIA= PANTWN 'ANQRWPWN
"ELLHNWN TE-KAI BARBARWN LAMYAS' 'AN4 "IKANW$ DOXAN
PARESTHSEN PASIN THN 'ALHQH, "W$ 'OUK 'AN4 POTE GENOITO 'EUDAIMWN
'OUTE POLI$ 'OUT' 'ANHR 'OUDEI$, "O$4 'AN4 MH META FRONHSEW$
"UPO DIKAIOSUNHI DIAGAGHI6 TON BION, 'HTOI 'EN "AUTWI KEKTHMENO$
'H= "OSIWN 'ANDRWN 'ARCONTWN0 'EN 'HQESIN TRAFEI$ TE-KAI PAIDEUQEI$
<P 335E>
'ENDIKW$. TAUTA MEN DIONUSIO$ 'EBLAYEN; TA DE 'A=LLA SMIKRA
'AN4 'EIH PRO$ TAUTA MOI BLABH. "O DE DIWNA 'APOKTEINA$ 'OUK
'OIDEN 'TAUTON 'EXEIRGASMENO$ TOUTWI. DIWNA GAR 'EGW SAFW$
'OIDA, "W$ "OION-TE PERI= 'ANQRWPWN 'ANQRWPON DIISCURIZESQAI,
"OTI4, THN 'ARCHN 'EI KATESCEN, "W$ 'OUK 'AN4 POTE 'EP' 'ALLO GE


<P 336A>
SCHMA 'ARCH$ 'ETRAPETO 'H= 'EPI TO SURAKOUSA$ MEN PRWTON, THN
PATRIDA THN "EAUTOU, 'EPEI THN DOULEIAN 'AUTH$ 'APHLLAXEN
FAIDRUNA$ 'ELEUQERA$ D' 'EN SCHMATI KATESTHSEN, TO META
TOUT' 'AN4 PASHI MHCANHI 'EKOSMHSEN NOMOI$ TOI$ PROSHKOUSIN4
TE KAI 'ARISTOI$ TOU$ POLITA$, TO TE 'EFEXH$ TOUTOI$ PROUQUMEIT'
'AN4 PRAXAI0, PASAN SIKELIAN KATOIKIZEIN KAI 'ELEUQERAN 'APO
TWN BARBARWN POIEIN, TOU$ MEN 'EKBALLWN, TOU$ DE CEIROUMENO$
"RA*ION "IERWNO$; TOUTWN D' 'AU GENOMENWN DI' 'ANDRO$
<P 336B>
DIKAIOU TE-KAI 'ANDREIOU KAI SWFRONO$ KAI FILOSOFOU, THN
'AUTHN 'ARETH$ 'AN4 PE=RI GENESQAI DOXAN TOI$ POLLOI$, "HPER 'AN4,
'EI DIONUSIO$ 'EPEISQH, PARA PASIN 'AN4 "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN 'ANQRWPOI$
'APESWSEN GENOMENH. NU*N DE 'H= POU TI$ DAIMWN 'H= TI$
'ALITHRIO$ 'EMPESWN 'ANOMIA\ KAI 'AQEOTHTI KAI TO MEGISTON
TOLMAI$ 'AMAQIA$ 'EX "H$ PANTA KAKA PASIN 'ERRIZWTAI KAI
BLASTANEI0 KAI 'EI$ "USTERON 'APOTELEI0 KARPON TOI$ GENNHSASIN
PIKROTATON, "AU=TH PANTA TO DEUTERON 'ANETREYEN TE-KAI
<P 336C>
'APWLESEN. NU*N DE-DH 'EUFHMWMEN CARIN 'OIWNOU TO TRITON.
"OMW$ DE MIMEISQAI MEN SUMBOULEUW0 DIWNA "UMIN TOI$ FILOI$
THN TE TH$ PATRIDO$ 'EUNOIAN KAI THN TH$ TROFH$ SWFRONA
DIAITAN, 'EPI LWIONWN DE 'ORNIQWN TA$ 'EKEINOU BOULHSEI$
PEIRASQAI 'APOTELEIN0 % "AI=4 DE 'HSAN, 'AKHKOATE PAR' 'EMOU4
SAFW$ % TON DE MH DUNAMENON "UMWN DWRISTI ZHN KATA TA
<P 336D>
PA=TRIA, DIWKONTA DE TON TE TWN DIWNO$ SFAGEWN KAI TON
SIKELIKON BION, MHTE PARAKALEIN0 MHTE 'OIESQAI PISTON 'AN4 TI
KAI "UGIE$ PRAXAI0 POTE, TOU$ DE 'ALLOU$ PARAKALEIN0 'EPI PASH$
SIKELIA$ KATOIKISMON TE-KAI 'ISONOMIAN 'EK TE 'AUTH$ SIKELIA$
KAI 'EK PELOPONNHSOU SUMPASH$, FOBEISQAI DE-MHDE 'AQHNA$;
'EISI GAR-KAI 'EKEI PANTWN 'ANQRWPWN DIAFERONTE$ PRO$
'ARETHN, XENOFONWN TE 'ANDRWN MISOUNTE$ TOLMA$. 'EI D'-'OUN
TAUTA MEN "U=STERA GENOIT' 'AN4, KATEPEIGOUSIN0 DE "UMA$ "AI TWN
<P 336E>
STASEWN POLLAI KAI PANTODAPAI FUOMENAI "EKASTH$ "HMERA$
DIAFORAI, 'EIDENAI MEN-POU CRH PANTA TINA 'ANDRA, "WI KAI
BRACU DOXH$ 'ORQH$ METEDWKEN QEI=A TI$ TUCH, "W$ 'OUK 'ESTIN
PAULA KAKWN TOI$ STASIASASIN, PRIN 'AN4 "OI KRATHSANTE$
MACAI$ KAI 'EKBOLAI$ 'ANQRWPWN KAI SFAGAI$ MNHSIKAKOUNTE$


<P 337A>
KAI 'EPI TIMWRIA$ PAUSWNTAI TREPOMENOI TWN 'ECQRWN, 'EGKRATEI$
DE 'ONTE$ "AUTWN, QEMENOI NOMOU$ KOINOU$ MHDEN MALLON PRO$
"HDONHN "AUTOI$ 'H= TOI$ "HTTHQEISIN KEIMENOU$, 'ANAGKASWSIN
'AUTOU$ CRHSQAI TOI$ NOMOI$ DITTAI$ 'OUSAI$ 'ANAGKAI$, 'AIDOI KAI
FOBWI, FOBWI MEN DIA= TO KREITTOU$ 'AUTWN 'EINAI DEIKNUNTE$ THN
BIAN, 'AIDOI DE 'AU DIA= TO KREITTOU$ FAINESQAI PERI= TE TA$
"HDONA$ KAI TOI$ NOMOI$ MALLON 'EQELONTE$ TE-KAI DUNAMENOI
DOULEUEIN. 'ALLW$ DE 'OUK 'ESTIN "W$ 'AN4 POTE KAKWN LHXAI4
<P 337B>
POLI$ 'EN "AUTHI STASIASASA, 'ALLA= STASEI$ KAI 'E=CQRAI KAI
MISH KAI 'APISTIAI TAI$ "OUTW DIATEQEISAI$ POLESIN 'AUTAI$
PRO$ "AUTA$ 'AEI GIGNESQAI FILEI0. TOU$ DH KRATHSANTA$ 'AEI
CRH, "OTANPER 'EPIQUMHSWSIN SWTHRIA$, 'AUTOU$ 'EN "AUTOI$
'ANDRA$ PROKRINAI0 TWN "ELLHNWN "OU$ 'AN4 PUNQANWNTAI 'ARISTOU$
'ONTA$, PRWTON MEN GERONTA$, KAI PAIDA$ KAI GUNAIKA$ KEKTHMENOU$
'OIKOI KAI PROGONOU$ "AUTWN "OTI2 MALISTA POLLOU$ TE-KAI
'AGAQOU$ KAI 'ONOMASTOU$ KAI KTHSIN KEKTHMENOU$ PANTA$
<P 337C>
"IKANHN % 'ARIQMON DE 'EINAI MURIANDRWI POLEI PENTHKONTA "IKANOI
TOIOUTOI % TOUTOU$ DH DEHSESIN KAI TIMAI$ "OTI2 MEGISTAI$
'OIKOQEN METAPEMYASQAI, METAPEMYAMENOU$ DE 'OMOSANTA$
DEISQAI KAI KELEUEIN QEINAI0 NOMOU$, MHTE NIKHSASIN MHTE
NIKHQEISIN NEMEIN0 PLEON, TO DE 'ISON KAI KOINON PASHI THI
POLEI. TEQENTWN5 DE TWN NOMWN 'EN TOUTWI DH TA PANTA
'ESTIN. 'AN2 MEN-GAR "OI NENIKHKOTE$ "HTTOU$ "AUTOU$ TWN NOMWN
<P 337D>
MALLON TWN NENIKHMENWN PARECWNTAI, PANT' 'ESTAI SWTHRIA$
TE-KAI 'EUDAIMONIA$ MESTA KAI PANTWN KAKWN 'APOFUGH; 'EI
DE MH, MHT' 'EME MHT' 'ALLON KOINWNON PARAKALEIN0 'EPI TON MH
PEIQOMENON TOI$ NU*N 'EPESTALMENOI$. TAUTA GAR 'ESTIN 'ADELFA
"WN TE DIWN "WN T' 'EGW 'EPECEIRHSAMEN SURAKOUSAI$ 'EU
FRONOUNTE$ SUMPRAXAI0, DEU=TERA MHN; PRWTA D' 'H*N "A TO
PRWTON 'EPECEIRHQH MET' 'AUTOU4 DIONUSIOU PRACQHNAI PASIN
KOINA 'AGAQA, TUCH DE TI$ 'ANQRWPWN KREITTWN DIEFORHSEN.
<P 337E>
TA DE NU*N "UMEI$ PEIRASQE3 'EUTUCESTERON 'AUTA 'AGAQHI PRAXAI0
MOIRA\ KAI QEIA\ TINI TUCHI.
SUMBOULH MEN-DH-KAI 'EPISTOLH 'EIRHSQW KAI "H PARA
DIONUSION 'EMH PROTE=RA 'AFIXI$; "H DE-DH "USTE=RA POREIA TE-KAI
PLOU$ "W$ 'EIKOTW$ TE "AMA KAI 'EMMELW$ GEGONEN0, "WI MELEI0
'AKOUEIN 'EXESTI TO META TOUTO. "O MEN-GAR-DH PRWTO$ CRONO$


<P 338A>
TH$ 'EN SIKELIA\ DIATRIBH$ MOI DIEPERANQH, KAQAPER 'EIPON,
PRIN SUMBOULEUEIN TOI$ 'OIKEIOI$ KAI "ETAIROI$ TOI$ PERI= DIWNA;
TO MET' 'EKEINA D'-'OUN 'EPEISA "OPHI DH POT' 'EDUNAMHN DIONUSION
'AFEINAI0 ME, 'EIRHNH$ DE GENOMENH$ % 'H*N GAR TO=TE POLEMO$ 'EN
SIKELIA\ % SUNWMOLOGHSAMEN 'AMFOTEROI. DIONUSIO$ MEN 'EFH
METAPEMYESQAI DIWNA KAI 'EME PALIN, KATASTHSAMENO$ TA
PERI= THN 'ARCHN 'ASFALESTERON "EAUTWI, DIWNA DE 'HXIOU
<P 338B>
DIANOEISQAI MH FUGHN "AUTWI GEGONENAI TO=TE, METASTASIN DE;
'EGW D' "HXEIN "WMOLOGHSA 'EPI TOUTOI$ TOI$ LOGOI$. GENOMENH$
DE 'EIRHNH$, METEPEMPETO ME, DIWNA DE 'EPISCEIN 'ETI 'ENIAUTON
'EDEITO, 'EME DE "HKEIN 'EK PANTO$ TROPOU 'HXIOU. DIWN MEN-'OUN
'EKELEUE TE ME PLEIN KAI 'EDEITO; KAI-GAR-DH LOGO$ 'ECWREI POLU$
'EK SIKELIA$ "W$ DIONUSIO$ QAUMASTW$ FILOSOFIA$ 'EN 'EPIQUMIA\
PALIN 'EIH-GEGONW$ TA NU*N; "OQEN "O DIWN SUNTETAMENW$
'EDEITO "HMWN THI METAPEMYEI MH 'APEIQEIN. 'EGW DE 'HIDH MEN-POU
<P 338C>
KATA THN FILOSOFIAN TOI$ NEOI$ POLLA TOIAUTA GIGNOMENA,
"OMW$ D'-'OUN 'ASFALESTERON MOI 'EDOXEN CAIREIN TO=TE GE POLLA
KAI DIWNA KAI DIONUSION 'EA*N, KAI 'APHCQOMHN 'AMFOIN
'APOKRINAMENO$ "OTI4 GERWN TE 'EIHN KAI KATA TA$ "OMOLOGIA$
'OUDEN GIGNOITO TWN TA NU*N PRATTOMENWN. 'EOIKEN0 DH TO META
TOUTO 'ARCUTH$ TE PARA DIONUSION PRIN8 'AFIKESQAI % 'EGW
GAR PRIN 'APIENAI XENIAN KAI FILIAN 'ARCUTHI KAI TOI$ 'EN
<P 338D>
TARANTI KAI DIONUSIWI POIHSA$ 'APEPLEON % 'ALLOI TE TINE$ 'EN
SURAKOUSAI$ 'HSAN DIWNO$ TE 'ATTA DIAKHKOOTE$ KAI TOUTWN
TINE$ 'ALLOI, PARAKOUSMATWN TINWN 'EMMESTOI TWN KATA FILOSOFIAN;
"OI=4 DOKOUSI0 MOI DIONUSIWI PEIRASQAI DIALEGESQAI TWN
PERI= TA TOIAUTA, "W$ DIONUSIOU PANTA DIAKHKOOTO$ "OSA DIENOOUMHN
'EGW. "O DE-'OUTE 'ALLW$ 'ESTIN 'AFUH$ PRO$ THN TOU*
MANQANEIN DUNAMIN FILOTIMO$ TE QAUMASTW$; 'HRESKEN TE-'OUN
'ISW$ 'AUTWI TA LEGOMENA 'HISCUNETO TE FANERO$ GIGNOMENO$
<P 338E>
'OUDEN 'AKHKOW$ "OT' 'EPEDHMOUN 'EGW, "OQEN "AMA MEN 'EI$ 'EPIQUMIAN
'HIEI TOU* DIAKOUSAI0 'ENARGESTERON, "AMA D' "H FILOTIMIA
KATHPEIGEN 'AUTON % DI' "A DE 'OUK 'HKOUSEN 'EN THI PROSQEN
'EPIDHMIA\, DIEXHLQOMEN 'EN TOI$ 'ANW "RHQEISIN NUNDH LOGOI$ %
'EPEIDH D'-'OUN 'OIKADE T' 'ESWQHN KAI KALOUNTO$0 TO DEUTERON
'APHRNHQHN, KAQAPER 'EIPON NUNDH, DOKEI0 MOI DIONUSIO$
PANTAPASIN FILOTIMHQHNAI MH POTE TISIN DOXAIMI KATAFRONWN


<P 339A>
'AUTOU4 TH$ FUSEW$ TE-KAI "EXEW$ "AMA KAI TH$ DIAITH$
'EMPEIRO$ GEGONW$, 'OUKET' 'EQELEIN DUSCERAINWN PAR' 'AUTON
'AFIKNEISQAI. DIKAIO$ DH LEGEIN 'EIMI 'TALHQE$ KAI "UPOMENEIN0,
'EI TI$ 'A=RA TA GEGONOTA 'AKOUSA$ KATAFRONHSEI2 TH$ 'EMH$
FILOSOFIA$, TON TURANNON DE "HGHSETAI NOUN 'ECEIN. 'EPEMYE
MEN-GAR-DH DIONUSIO$ TRITON 'EP' 'EME TRIHRH "RA\STWNH$ "ENEKA
TH$ POREIA$, 'EPEMYEN DE 'ARCEDHMON, "ON "HGEITO ME TWN 'EN
<P 339B>
SIKELIA\ PERI= PLEISTOU POIEISQAI, TWN 'ARCUTHI SUGGEGONOTWN
"ENA, KAI 'ALLOU$ GNWRIMOU$ TWN 'EN SIKELIA\; "OUTOI DE "HMIN
'HGGELLON PANTE$ TON 'AUTON LOGON, "W$ QAUMASTON "OSON
DIONUSIO$ 'EPIDEDWKW$-'EIH PRO$ FILOSOFIAN. 'EPEMYEN DE
'EPISTOLHN PANU MAKRAN, 'EIDW$ "W$ PRO$ DIWNA DIEKEIMHN KAI
THN 'AU DIWNO$ PROQUMIAN TOU* 'EME PLEIN KAI 'EI$ SURAKOUSA$
'ELQEIN; PRO$ GAR-DH PANTA TAUTA 'H*N PARESKEUASMENH THN
'ARCHN 'ECOUSA "H 'EPISTOLH, THIDE PHI FRAZOUSA % DIONUSIO$
<P 339C>
PLATWNI % TA NOMIMA 'EPI TOUTOI$ 'EIPWN 'OUDEN TO META
TOUTO 'EI*PEN PROTERON 'H= "W$ 'AN2 'EI$ SIKELIAN PEISQEI$ "UF'
"HMWN 'ELQHI$ TA NU*N, PRWTON MEN SOI4 TA PERI= DIWNA "UPARXEI2
TAUTHI GIGNOMENA "OPHIPER 'AN4 'AUTO$ 'EQELHI$ % QELHSEI$ DE 'OID'
"OTI4 TA ME=TRIA, KAI 'EGW SUGCWRHSOMAI % 'EI DE MH, 'OUDEN SOI4
TWN PERI= DIWNA "EXEI2 PRAGMATWN 'OUTE PERI= 'TALLA 'OUTE PERI=
'AUTON KATA NOUN GIGNOMENA. TAUQ' "OUTW$ 'EI*PEN, 'TALLA DE
<P 339D>
MAKRA 'AN4 'EIH KAI 'ANEU KAIROU LEGOMENA. 'EPISTOLAI DE 'ALLAI
'EFOITWN PARA TE 'ARCUTOU KAI TWN 'EN TARANTI, THN TE
FILOSOFIAN 'EGKWMIAZOUSAI THN DIONUSIOU, KAI "OTI4, 'AN2 MH
'AFIKWMAI NU*N THN PRO$ DIONUSION 'AUTOI$ GENOMENHN FILIAN
DI' 'EMOU4, 'OU SMIKRAN 'OUSAN PRO$ TA POLITIKA, PANTAPASIN
DIABALOIHN0. TAUTH$ DH TOIAUTH$ GENOMENH$ 'EN TW*I TO=TE
CRONWI TH$ METAPEMYEW$, TWN MEN 'EK SIKELIA$ TE-KAI 'ITALIA$
"ELKONTWN0, TWN DE 'AQHNHQEN 'ATECNW$ META DEHSEW$ "OION
<P 339E>
'EXWQOUNTWN0 ME, KAI PALIN "O LOGO$ "HKEN2 "O 'AUTO$, TO MH DEIN
PRODOUNAI0 DIWNA MHDE TOU$ 'EN TARANTI XENOU$ TE-KAI "ETAIROU$,
'AUTWI DE MOI "UPHN "W$ 'OUDEN QAUMASTON NEON 'ANQRWPON
PARAKOUONTA 'AXIWN LOGOU PRAGMATWN, 'EUMAQH, PRO$ 'ERWTA
'ELQEIN TOU* BELTISTOU BIOU; DEIN 'OUN 'AUTO 'EXELEGXAI0 SAFW$
"OPOTERW$ POTE 'A=RA 'ECOI, KAI TOUT' 'AUTO MHDAMHI PRODOUNAI0
MHD' 'EME TON 'AITION GENESQAI THLIKOUTOU 'ALHQW$ 'ONEIDOU$,


<P 340A>
'EIPER 'ONTW$ 'EIH TWI TAUTA LELEGMENA. POREUOMAI DH TW*I
LOGISMWI TOUTWI KATAKALUYAMENO$ % POLLA DEDIW$ MANTEUOMENO$
TE 'OU PANU KALW$, "W$ 'EOIKEN0 % 'ELQWN D'-'OUN TO TRITON
TW*I SWTHRI TOUTO GE-'OUN 'EPRAXA 'ONTW$; 'ESWQHN GAR-TOI
PALIN 'EUTUCW$, KAI TOUTWN GE META QEON DIONUSIWI CARIN
'EIDENAI CREWN "OTI4 POLLWN BOULHQENTWN5 'APOLESAI0 ME
DIEKWLUSEN KAI 'EDWKEN TI MERO$ 'AIDOI TWN PERI= 'EME PRAGMATWN.
<P 340B>
'EPEIDH DE 'AFIKOMHN, 'WIMHN TOUTOU PRWTON 'ELEGCON
DEIN LABEIN, POTERON 'ONTW$ 'EIH DIONUSIO$ 'EXHMMENO$ "UPO
FILOSOFIA$ "WSPER PURO$, 'H= MATHN "O POLU$ "OUTO$ 'ELQOI
LOGO$ 'AQHNAZE. 'ESTIN DH TI$ TROPO$ TOU* PERI= TA TOIAUTA
PEIRAN LAMBANEIN 'OUK 'AGENNH$ 'ALL' 'ONTW$ TURANNOI$ PREPWN,
'ALLW$ TE KAI TOI$ TWN PARAKOUSMATWN MESTOI$, "O= DH 'KAGW
DIONUSION 'EUQU$ 'ELQWN 'HISQOMHN KAI MALA PEPONQOTA. DEIKNUNAI
DH DEI TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ "OTI2 'ESTI PAN TO PRAGMA "OION TE
<P 340C>
KAI DI' "OSWN PRAGMATWN KAI "OSON PONON 'ECEI0. "O GAR 'AKOUSA$,
'EA=N MEN 'ONTW$ 'HI FILOSOFO$ 'OIKEIO$ TE-KAI 'AXIO$ TOU* PRAGMATO$
QEIO$ 'WN, "ODON TE "HGEITAI QAUMASTHN 'AKHKOENAI SUNTATEON
TE 'EINAI NU*N KAI 'OU BIWTON 'ALLW$ POIOUNTI; META
TOUTO DH SUNTEINA$ 'AUTO$ TE-KAI TON "HGOUMENON THN "ODON,
'OUK 'ANIHSIN PRIN 'AN4 'H= TELO$ 'EPIQHI6 PASIN, 'H= LABHI6 DUNAMIN
"WSTE 'AUTO$ "AUTON CWRI$ TOU* DEIXONTO$ DUNATO$ 'EINAI PODHGEIN.
<P 340D>
TAUTHI KAI KATA TAUTA DIANOHQEI$ "O TOIOUTO$ ZHI0, PRATTWN
MEN 'EN "AISTISIN 'AN4 'HI PRAXESIN, PARA PANTA DE 'AEI
FILOSOFIA$ 'ECOMENO$ KAI TROFH$ TH$ KAQ' "HMERAN "HTI$ 'AN4
'AUTON MALISTA 'EUMAQH TE-KAI MNHMONA KAI LOGIZESQAI DUNATON
'EN "AUTWI NHFONTA 'APERGAZHTAI; THN DE 'ENANTIAN TAUTHI
MISWN DIATELEI0. "OI DE 'ONTW$ MEN MH FILOSOFOI, DOXAI$ D'
'EPIKECRWSMENOI, KAQAPER "OI TA SWMATA "UPO TWN "HLIWN
'EPIKEKAUMENOI, 'IDONTE$ TE "OSA MAQHMATA 'ESTIN KAI "O PONO$
<P 340E>
"HLIKO$ KAI DIAITA "H KAQ' "HMERAN "W$ PREPOUSA "H KOSMI=A TW*I
PRAGMATI, CALEPON "HGHSAMENOI KAI 'ADUNATON "AUTOI$, 'OUTE-DH


<P 341A>
'EPITHDEUEIN DUNATOI GIGNONTAI, 'ENIOI DE 'AUTWN PEIQOUSIN0
"AUTOU$ "W$ "IKANW$ 'AKHKOOTE$-'EISIN TO "OLON, KAI 'OUDEN 'ETI
DEONTAI TINWN PRAGMATWN. "H MEN-DH PEIRA "AU=TH GIGNETAI
"H SAFH$ TE-KAI 'ASFALESTATH PRO$ TOU$ TRUFWNTA$ TE-KAI
'ADUNATOU$ DIAPONEIN, "W$ MHDEPOTE BALEIN2 'EN 'AITIA\ TON
DEIKNUNTA 'ALL' 'AUTON "AUTON, MH DUNAMENON PANTA TA PROSFORA
'EPITHDEUEIN TW*I PRAGMATI. "OUTW DH-KAI DIONUSIWI TO=T'
'ERRHQH TA "RHQENTA. PANTA MEN-'OUN-'OUT' 'EGW DIEXHLQON 'OUTE
<P 341B>
DIONUSIO$ 'EDEITO; POLLA GAR 'AUTO$ KAI TA MEGISTA 'EIDENAI
TE-KAI "IKANW$ 'ECEIN PROSEPOIEITO DIA= TA$ "UPO TWN 'ALLWN
PARAKOA$. "USTERON DE-KAI 'AKOUW0 GEGRAFENAI 'AUTON PERI= "WN
TO=TE 'HKOUSE, SUNQENTA "W$ "AUTOU TECNHN, 'OUDEN TWN 'AUTWN
"WN 'AKOUOI; 'OIDA DE 'OUDEN TOUTWN. 'ALLOU$ MEN TINA$ 'OIDA
GEGRAFOTA$ PERI= TWN 'AUTWN TOUTWN, "OITINE$ DE, 'OUD' 'AUTOI
"AUTOU$. TOSONDE GE-MHN PERI= PANTWN 'ECW0 FRAZEIN TWN GEGRAFOTWN
<P 341C>
KAI GRAYONTWN, "OSOI FASIN0 'EIDENAI PERI= "WN 'EGW
SPOUDAZW0, 'EI=T' 'EMOU4 'AKHKOOTE$ 'EI=T' 'ALLWN 'EI=Q' "W$ "EURONTE$
'AUTOI; TOUTOU$ 'OUK 'ESTIN2 KATA GE THN 'EMHN DOXAN PERI= TOU*
PRAGMATO$ 'EPAIEIN 'OUDEN. 'OU=KOUN 'EMON GE PERI= 'AUTWN 'ESTIN
SUGGRAMMA 'OUDE MHPOTE GENHTAI; "RHTON GAR 'OUDAMW$ 'ESTIN
"W$ 'A=LLA MAQHMATA, 'ALL' 'EK POLLH$ SUNOUSIA$ GIGNOMENH$
PERI= TO PRAGMA 'AUTO KAI TOU* SUZHN 'EXAIFNH$, "OION 'APO PURO$
<P 341D>
PHDHSANTO$ 'EXAFQEN FW$, 'EN THI YUCHI GENOMENON 'AUTO "EAUTO
'HDH TREFEI0. KAITOI TOSONDE GE 'OIDA, "OTI4 GRAFENTA 'H=
LECQENTA "UP' 'EMOU4 BELTIST' 'AN4 LECQEIH; KAI-MHN "OTI4 GEGRAMMENA
KAKW$ 'OUC "HKIST' 'AN4 'EME LUPOI. 'EI DE MOI
'EFAINETO GRAPTEA Q' "IKANW$ 'EINAI PRO$ TOU$ POLLOU$ KAI "RHTA,
TI= TOUTOU KALLION 'EPEPRAKT' 'AN4 "HMIN 'EN TW*I BIWI 'H= TOI$ TE
'ANQRWPOISI MEGA 'OFELO$ GRAYAI0 KAI THN FUSIN 'EI$ FW$
<P 341E>
PASIN PROAGAGEIN: 'ALL'-'OUTE 'ANQRWPOI$ "HGOUMAI THN 'EPICEIRHSIN
PERI= 'AUTWN LEGOMENHN 'AGAQON, 'EI MH TISIN 'OLIGOI$
"OPOSOI DUNATOI 'ANEUREIN 'AUTOI DIA= SMIKRA$ 'ENDEIXEW$, TWN TE-DH
'ALLWN TOU$ MEN KATAFRONHSEW$ 'OUK 'ORQH$ 'EMPLHSEIEN 'AN4
'OUDAMHI 'EMMELW$, TOU$ DE "UYHLH$ KAI CAUNH$ 'ELPIDO$, "W$


<P 342A>
SEMN' 'ATTA MEMAQHKOTA$. 'ETI DE MAKRO=TERA PERI= 'AUTWN 'EN
NWI MOI GEGONEN0 'EIPEIN; TACA GAR 'AN4 PERI= "WN LEGW0 SAFESTERON
'AN4 'EIH LECQENTWN5 'AUTWN. 'ESTI GAR TI$ LOGO$
'ALHQH$, 'ENANTIO$ TW*I TOLMHSANTI GRAFEIN TWN TOIOUTWN KAI
"OTIOUN, POLLAKI$ MEN "UP' 'EMOU4 KAI PROSQEN "RHQEI$, 'EOIKEN0 D'-'OUN
'EINAI KAI NU*N LEKTEO$.
'ESTIN TWN 'ONTWN0 "EKASTWI, DI' "WN THN 'EPISTHMHN 'ANAGKH
PARAGIGNESQAI, TRIA, TETARTON D' 'AUTH % PEMPTON D' 'AUTO
<P 342B>
TIQENAI DEI "O= DH GNWSTON TE-KAI 'ALHQW$ 'ESTIN 'ON % "EN MEN
'ONOMA, DEUTERON DE LOGO$, TO DE TRITON 'EIDWLON, TETARTON
DE 'EPISTHMH. PERI= "EN 'OUN LABE BOULOMENO$ MAQEIN TO NU*N
LEGOMENON, KAI PANTWN "OUTW PE=RI NOHSON2. KUKLO$ 'ESTIN
TI LEGOMENON, "WI TOUT' 'AUTO 'ESTIN 'ONOMA "O= NU*N 'EFQEGMEQA.
LOGO$ D' 'AUTOU4 TO DEUTERON, 'EX 'ONOMATWN KAI "RHMATWN SUGKEIMENO$;
TO GAR 'EK TWN 'ESCATWN 'EPI TO MESON 'ISON 'APECON
PANTHI, LOGO$ 'AN4 'EIH 'EKEINOU "WIPER STROGGULON KAI PERIFERE$
<P 342C>
'ONOMA KAI KUKLO$. TRITON DE TO ZWGRAFOUMENON TE-KAI
'EXALEIFOMENON KAI TORNEUOMENON KAI 'APOLLUMENON; "WN 'AUTO$
"O KUKLO$, "ON PE=RI PANT' 'ESTIN TAUTA, 'OUDEN PASCEI0, TOUTWN
"W$ "ETERON 'ON. TETARTON DE 'EPISTHMH KAI NOU$ 'ALHQH$ TE
DOXA PERI= TAUT' 'ESTIN; "W$ DE "EN TOUTO 'AU PAN QETEON, 'OUK
'EN FWNAI$ 'OUD' 'EN SWMATWN SCHMASIN 'ALL' 'EN YUCAI$ 'ENON,
"WI DHLON "ETERON TE 'ON 'AUTOU4 TOU* KUKLOU TH$ FUSEW$ TWN
<P 342D>
TE 'EMPROSQEN LECQENTWN5 TRIWN. TOUTWN DE 'EGGUTATA MEN
SUGGENEIA\ KAI "OMOIOTHTI TOU* PEMPTOU NOU$ PEPLHSIAKEN0,
'TALLA DE PLEON 'APECEI0. 'TAUTON DH PERI= TE 'EUQEO$ "AMA KAI
PERIFEROU$ SCHMATO$ KAI CROA$ PERI= TE 'AGAQOU KAI KALOU
KAI DIKAIOU, KAI PERI= SWMATO$ "APANTO$ SKEUASTOU TE-KAI
KATA FUSIN GEGONOTO$, PURO$ "UDATO$ TE-KAI TWN TOIOUTWN
PANTWN KAI ZWIOU SUMPANTO$ PE=RI KAI 'EN YUCAI$ 'HQOU$, KAI
PERI= POIHMATA KAI PAQHMATA SUMPANTA; 'OU-GAR 'AN2 TOUTWN
<P 342E>
MH TI$ TA TETTARA LABHI6 "AMW$ GE PW$, 'OUPOTE TELEW$
'EPISTHMH$ TOU* PEMPTOU METOCO$ 'ESTAI. PRO$ GAR TOUTOI$
TAUTA 'OUC "HTTON 'EPICEIREI0 TO POI*ON TI PERI= "EKASTON DHLOUN0


<P 343A>
'H= TO 'ON "EKASTOU DIA= TO TWN LOGWN 'ASQENE$; "WN "ENEKA NOUN
'ECWN 'OUDEI$ TOLMHSEI2 POTE 'EI$ 'AUTO TIQENAI TA NENOHMENA
"UP' 'AUTOU4, KAI TAUTA 'EI$ 'AMETAKINHTON, "O= DH PASCEI0 TA
GEGRAMMENA TUPOI$. TOUTO DE PALIN 'AU TO NU*N LEGOMENON
DEI MAQEIN. KUKLO$ "EKASTO$ TWN 'EN TAI$ PRAXESI GRAFOMENWN
'H=-KAI TORNEUQENTWN5 MESTO$ TOU* 'ENANTIOU 'ESTIN TW*I
PEMPTWI % TOU* GAR 'EUQEO$ 'EFAPTETAI PANTHI % 'AUTO$ DE, FAMEN,
"O KUKLO$ 'OUTE TI SMIKROTERON 'OUTE MEIZON TH$ 'ENANTIA$ 'ECEI0
'EN "AUTWI FUSEW$. 'ONOMA TE 'AUTWN FAMEN 'OUDEN 'OUDENI
<P 343B>
BEBAION 'EINAI, KWLUEIN D' 'OUDEN TA NU*N STROGGULA KALOUMENA0
'EUQEA KEKLHSQAI TA TE 'EUQEA DH STROGGULA, KAI 'OUDEN
"HTTON BEBAIW$ "EXEIN TOI$ METAQEMENOI$ KAI 'ENANTIW$ KALOUSIN4.
KAI-MHN PERI= LOGOU GE "O 'AUTO$ LOGO$, 'EIPER 'EX 'ONOMATWN
KAI "RHMATWN SUGKEITAI, MHDEN "IKANW$ BEBAIW$ 'EINAI BEBAION;
MURIO$ DE LOGO$ 'AU PERI= "EKASTOU TWN TETTARWN "W$
'ASAFE$, TO DE MEGISTON, "OPER 'EIPOMEN 'OLIGON 'EMPROSQEN,
"OTI4 DUOIN 'ONTOIN, TOU* TE 'ONTO$ KAI TOU* POIOU*2 TINO$, 'OU TO
<P 343C>
POIO=N TI, TO DE TI=, ZHTOUSH$ 'EIDENAI TH$ YUCH$, TO MH ZHTOUMENON
"EKASTON TWN TETTARWN PROTEINON THI YUCHI LOGWI TE-KAI
KAT' 'ERGA, 'AISQHSESIN 'EUELEGKTON TO TE LEGOMENON KAI
DEIKNUMENON 'AEI PARECOMENON "EKASTON, 'APORIA$ TE-KAI 'ASAFEIA$
'EMPIMPLHSI PASH$ "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN PANT' 'ANDRA. 'EN
"OISI MEN-'OUN-MHD' 'EIQISMENOI TO 'ALHQE$ ZHTEIN 'ESMEN "UPO
PONHRA$ TROFH$, 'EXARKEI0 DE TO PROTAQEN TWN 'EIDWLWN, 'OU
KATAGELASTOI GIGNOMEQA "UP' 'ALLHLWN, "OI 'ERWTWMENOI "UPO
<P 343D>
TWN 'ERWTWNTWN0, DUNAMENWN DE TA TETTARA DIARRIPTEIN TE-KAI
'ELEGCEIN; 'EN "OI$ D' 'AN4 TO PEMPTON 'APOKRINASQAI KAI
DHLOUN0 'ANAGKAZWMEN, "O BOULOMENO$ TWN DUNAMENWN 'ANATREPEIN
KRATEI0 KAI POIEI0 TON 'EXHGOUMENON 'EN LOGOI$ 'H= GRAMMASIN
'H= 'APOKRISESIN TOI$ POLLOI$ TWN 'AKOUONTWN0 DOKEIN
MHDEN GIGNWSKEIN "WN 'AN4 'EPICEIRHI5 GRAFEIN 'H= LEGEIN, 'AGNOOUNTWN0
'ENIOTE "W$ 'OUC "H YUCH TOU* GRAYANTO$ 'H= LEXANTO$
'ELEGCETAI, 'ALL' "H TWN TETTARWN FUSI$ "EKASTOU, PEFUKUIA
<P 343E>
FAULW$. "H DE DIA= PANTWN 'AUTWN DIAGWGH, 'ANW KAI KATW
METABAINOUSA 'EF' "EKASTON, MOGI$ 'EPISTHMHN 'ENETEKEN 'EU
PEFUKOTO$ 'EU PEFUKOTI; KAKW$ DE 'AN2 FUHI5, "W$ "H TWN POLLWN
"EXI$ TH$ YUCH$ 'EI$ TE TO MAQEIN 'EI$ TE TA LEGOMENA 'HQH


<P 344A>
PEFUKEN0, TA DE DIEFQARTAI, 'OUD' 'AN4 "O LUGKEU$ 'IDEIN POIHSEIEN
TOU$ TOIOUTOU$. "ENI DE LOGWI, TON MH SUGGENH TOU*
PRAGMATO$ 'OUT' 'AN4 'EUMAQEIA POIHSEIEN POTE 'OUTE MNHMH %
THN 'ARCHN GAR 'EN 'ALLOTRIAI$ "EXESIN 'OUK 'EGGIGNETAI % "WSTE
"OPOSOI TWN DIKAIWN TE-KAI TWN 'ALLWN "OSA KALA MH PROSFUEI$
'EISIN KAI SUGGENEI$, 'ALLOI DE 'ALLWN 'EUMAQEI$ "AMA
KAI MNHMONE$, 'OUD' "OSOI SUGGENEI$, DUSMAQEI$ DE-KAI 'AMNHMONE$,
'OUDENE$ TOUTWN MHPOTE MAQWSIN 'ALHQEIAN 'ARETH$ 'EI$
<P 344B>
TO DUNATON 'OUDE KAKIA$. "AMA GAR 'AUTA 'ANAGKH MANQANEIN
KAI TO YEUDO$ "AMA KAI 'ALHQE$ TH$ "OLH$ 'OUSIA$, META TRIBH$
PASH$ KAI CRONOU POLLOU, "OPER 'EN 'ARCAI$ 'EIPON; MOGI$ DE
TRIBOMENA PRO$ 'ALLHLA 'AUTWN "EKASTA, 'ONOMATA KAI LOGOI
'OYEI$ TE-KAI 'AISQHSEI$, 'EN 'EUMENESIN 'ELEGCOI$ 'ELEGCOMENA
KAI 'ANEU FQONWN 'ERWTHSESIN KAI 'APOKRISESIN CRWMENWN,
'EXELAMYE FRONHSI$ PERI= "EKASTON KAI NOU$, SUNTEINWN "OTI2
<P 344C>
MALIST' 'EI$ DUNAMIN 'ANQRWPINHN. DIO DH PA$ 'ANHR SPOUDAIO$
TWN 'ONTWN0 SPOUDAIWN PE=RI POLLOU DEI0 MH GRAYA$ POTE 'EN
'ANQRWPOI$ 'EI$ FQONON KAI 'APORIAN KATABALEI2. "ENI DH 'EK
TOUTWN DEI GIGNWSKEIN LOGWI, "OTAN 'IDHI6 TI$ TOU SUGGRAMMATA
GEGRAMMENA 'EI=TE 'EN NOMOI$ NOMOQETOU 'EI=TE 'EN 'ALLOI$ TISIN
"ATT' 'OUN, "W$ 'OUK 'H*N TOUTWI TAUTA SPOUDAIOTATA 'EIPER 'EST'
'AUTO$ SPOUDAIO$ KEITAI DE-POU 'EN CWRA\ THI KALLISTHI TWN
TOUTOU; 'EI DE 'ONTW$ 'AUTWI TAUT' 'ESPOUDASMENA 'EN GRAMMASIN
<P 344D>
'ETEQH, 'EX9 'A=RA9-DH9-TOI92 'EPEITA9, QEOI9 MEN 'OU=, BROTOI1
DE FRENA$9 'WLESAN9 'AUTOI9.
TOUTWI DH TW*I MUQWI TE-KAI PLANWI "O SUNEPISPOMENO$ 'EU
'EISETAI, 'EI=T'-'OUN DIONUSIO$ 'EGRAYEN TI TWN PERI= FUSEW$
'AKRWN KAI PRWTWN 'EI=TE TI$ 'ELATTWN 'EI=TE MEIZWN, "W$ 'OUDEN
'AKHKOW$ 'OUDE MEMAQHKW$-'H*N "UGIE$ "WN 'EGRAYEN KATA TON
'EMON LOGON; "OMOIW$ GAR 'AN4 'AUTA 'ESEBETO 'EMOI4, KAI 'OUK
'AN4 'AUTA 'ETOLMHSEN 'EI$ 'ANARMOSTIAN KAI 'APREPEIAN 'EKBALLEIN.
'OUTE-GAR "UPOMNHMATWN CARIN 'EGRAYEN % 'OUDEN GAR
<P 344E>
DEINON MH TI$ 'AUTO 'EPILAQHTAI, 'EA=N "APAX THI YUCHI PERILABHI6;
PANTWN GAR 'EN BRACUTATOI$ KEITAI % FILOTIMIA$ DE
'AISCRA$, 'EIPER, "ENEKA 'EI=Q' "W$ "AUTOU TIQEMENO$ 'EI=Q' "W$ PAIDEIA$
DH METOCO$ 'WN, "H$ 'OUK 'AXIO$ 'H*N 'AGAPWN DOXAN THN


<P 345A>
TH$ METOCH$ GENOMENH$. 'EI MEN-'OUN 'EK TH$ MIA$ SUNOUSIA$
DIONUSIWI TOUTO GEGONEN0, TAC' 'AN4 'EIH, GEGONEN0 D'-'OUN "OPW$,
'ITTW1 ZEU$1, FHSIN "O QHBAIO$; DIEXHLQON MEN-GAR "W$ 'EIPON
TE 'EGW KAI "APAX MONON, "USTERON DE 'OU PWPOTE 'ETI. 'ENNOEIN
DH DEI TO META TOUTO, "OTWI MELEI0 TO PERI= 'AUTA GEGONO$ "EUREIN
"OPHI POTE GEGONEN0, TI=NI POT' 'AITIA\ TO DEUTERON KAI TO TRITON,
PLEONAKI$ TE 'OU DIEXHIMEN; POTERON DIONUSIO$ 'AKOUSA$ MONON
<P 345B>
"APAX, "OUTW$ 'EIDENAI TE 'OIETAI KAI "IKANW$ 'OIDEN, 'EI=TE 'AUTO$
"EURWN 'H=-KAI MAQWN 'EMPROSQEN PAR' "ETERWN, 'H= FAULA 'EINAI
TA LECQENTA, 'H= TO TRITON 'OU KAQ' "AUTON, MEIZONA DE, KAI
'ONTW$ 'OUK 'AN4 DUNATO$ 'EINAI FRONHSEW$ TE-KAI 'ARETH$ ZHN
'EPIMELOUMENO$. 'EI MEN-GAR FAULA, POLLOI$ MARTUSI MACEITAI
TA 'ENANTIA LEGOUSIN4, "OI=4 PERI= TWN TOIOUTWN PAMPOLU
DIONUSIOU KURIWTEROI 'AN4 'EIEN KRITAI; 'EI DE "HURHKENAI 'H=
MEMAQHKENAI, 'A=XIA D'-'OUN 'EINAI PRO$ PAIDEIAN YUCH$ 'ELEUQERA$,
<P 345C>
PW*$ 'AN4, MH QAUMASTO$ 'WN 'ANQRWPO$, TON "HGEMONA
TOUTWN KAI KURION "OUTW$ 'EUCERW$ 'HTIMASEN POT' 'AN4: PW*$
D' 'HTIMASEN, 'EGW FRAZOIM' 'AN4.
'OU POLUN CRONON DIALIPWN TO META TOUTO, 'EN TW*I PROSQEN
DIWNA 'EWN TA "EAUTOU KEKTHSQAI KAI KARPOUSQAI CRHMATA,
TO=TE 'OUKET' 'EIA TOU$ 'EPITROPOU$ 'AUTOU4 PEMPEIN 'EI$ PELOPONNHSON,
KAQAPER 'EPILELHSMENO$ TH$ 'EPISTOLH$ PANTAPASIN.
'EINAI GAR 'AUTA 'OU DIWNO$ 'ALLA= TOU* "UEO$, 'ONTO$ MEN 'ADELFIDOU
<P 345D>
'AUTOU4 KATA NOMOU$ 'EPITROPEUONTO$. TA MEN-DH PEPRAGMENA
MECRI TOUTOU TAUT' 'H*N 'EN TW*I TO=TE CRONWI, TOUTWN
DE "OUTW GENOMENWN, "EWRAKH TE 'EGW 'AKRIBW$ THN 'EPIQUMIAN
THN DIONUSIOU FILOSOFIA$, 'AGANAKTEIN TE 'EXHN 'EI=TE BOULOIMHN
'EI=TE MH. 'H*N GAR QERO$ 'HDH TO=TE KAI 'EKPLOI TWN
NEWN; 'EDOKEI DH CALEPAINEIN MEN 'OU DEIN 'EME DIONUSIWI
MALLON 'H= 'EMAUTWI TE-KAI TOI$ BIASAMENOI$ 'ELQEIN 'EME TO
<P 345E>
TRITON 'EI$ TON PORQMON TON PERI= THN SKULLAN,
'OFR'9 'ETI9 THN9 'OLOHN9 'ANAMETRHSAIMI9 CARUBDIN9,
LEGEIN DE PRO$ DIONUSION "OTI4 MOI MENEIN0 'ADUNATON 'EIH DIWNO$
"OUTW PROPEPHLAKISMENOU. "O DE PAREMUQEITO TE-KAI 'EDEITO
MENEIN0, 'OUK 'OIOMENO$ "OI2 KALW$ 'ECEIN 'EME 'AGGELON 'AUTON TWN
TOIOUTWN 'ELQEIN "OTI2 TACO$; 'OU PEIQWN DE 'AUTO$ MOI POMPHN


<P 346A>
PARASKEUASEIN 'EFH. 'EGW GAR 'EN TOI$ 'APOSTOLOI$ PLOIOI$
'EMBA$ DIENOOUMHN PLEIN, TEQUMWMENO$, PASCEIN TE 'OIOMENO$
DEIN, 'EI DIAKWLUOIMHN, "OTIOUN, 'EPEIDH PERIFANW$ 'HDIKOUN MEN
'OUDEN, 'HDIKOUMHN DE; "O DE 'OUDEN ME TOU* KATAMENEIN0 PROSIEMENON
"ORWN, MHCANHN TOU* MEINAI0 TON TO=TE 'EKPLOUN MHCANATAI0
TOIANDE TINA. THI META TAUTA 'ELQWN "HMERA\ LEGEI0 PRO$ ME
PIQANON LOGON; 'EMOI4 KAI SOI4 DIWN, 'EFH, KAI TA DIWNO$
<P 346B>
'EKPODWN 'APALLACQHTW TOU* PERI= 'AUTA POLLAKI$ DIAFERESQAI;
POIHSW2 GAR DIA= SE, 'EFH, DIWNI TADE. 'AXIW0 'EKEINON 'APOLABONTA
TA "EAUTOU 'OIKEIN MEN 'EN PELOPONNHSWI, MH "W$ FUGADA
DE, 'ALL' "W$ 'AUTWI KAI DEURO 'EXON 'APODHMEIN, "OTAN 'EKEINWI TE-KAI
'EMOI4 KAI "UMIN TOI$ FILOI$ KOINHI SUNDOKHI5; TAUTA D' 'EINAI
MH 'EPIBOULEUONTO$ 'EMOI4, TOUTWN DE 'EGGUHTA$ GIGNESQAI SE
TE-KAI TOU$ SOU$ 'OIKEIOU$ KAI TOU$ 'ENQADE DIWNO$, "UMIN DE
TO BEBAION 'EKEINO$ PARECETW. TA CRHMATA DE "A 'AN4 LABHI6,
<P 346C>
KATA PELOPONNHSON MEN-KAI 'AQHNA$ KEISQW PAR' "OISTISIN
'AN4 "UMIN DOKHI5, KARPOUSQW DE DIWN, MH KURIO$ DE 'ANEU "UMWN
GIGNESQW 'ANELESQAI. 'EGW GAR 'EKEINWI MEN 'OU SFO=DRA
PISTEUW0 TOUTOI$ CRWMENON 'AN4 TOI$ CRHMASIN DIKAION GIGNESQAI
PERI= 'EME % 'OU-GAR 'OLIGA 'ESTAI % SOI4 DE-KAI TOI$
SOI$ MALLON PEPISTEUKA. "ORA DH TAUTA 'EI SOI4 'ARESKEI0,
KAI MENE 'EPI TOUTOI$ TON 'ENIAUTON TOUTON, 'EI$ DE "WRA$ 'APIQI
<P 346D>
LABWN TA CRHMATA TAUTA; KAI DIWN 'EU 'OID' "OTI4 POLLHN
CARIN "EXEI2 SOI4 DIAPRAXAMENWI TAUTA "UPER 'EKEINOU. TOUTON
DH 'EGW TON LOGON 'AKOUSA$ 'EDUSCERAINON MEN, "OMW$ DE
BOULEUSAMENO$ 'EFHN 'EI$ THN "USTERAIAN 'AUTWI PERI= TOUTWN
TA DOXANTA 'APAGGELEIN. TAUTA SUNEQEMEQA TO=TE. 'EBOULEUOMHN
DH TO META TAUTA KAT' 'EMAUTON GENOMENO$, MALA
SUGKECUMENO$; PRWTO$ D' 'H*N MOI TH$ BOULH$ "HGOUMENO$ "ODE
<P 346E>
LOGO$. FERE, 'EI DIANOEITAI TOUTWN MHDEN POIEIN DIONUSIO$
"WN FHSIN, 'APELQONTO$ D' 'EMOU4 'EA=N 'EPISTELLHI5 DIWNI
PIQANW$, 'AUTO$ TE-KAI 'ALLOI$ POLLOI$ TWN 'AUTOU4 DIAKELEUOMENO$,
"A NU*N PRO$ 'EME LEGEI0, "W$ 'AUTOU4 MEN 'EQELONTO$, 'EMOU4
DE 'OUK 'EQELHSANTO$ "A PROUKALEITO ME DRAN, 'ALL' 'OLIGWRHSANTO$
TWN 'EKEINOU TO PARAPAN PRAGMATWN, PRO$ DE-KAI
TOUTOISIN 'ETI MHD' 'EQELHI5 ME 'EKPEMPEIN, 'AUTO$ TWN NAUKLHRWN


<P 347A>
MHDENI PROSTATTWN, 'ENDEIXHTAI DE PASIN "RA\DIW$ "W$ 'ABOULWN
'EME 'EKPLEIN, 'A*RA TI$ 'EQELHSEI2 ME 'AGEIN NAUTHN "ORMWMENON
'EK TH$ DIONUSIOU 'OIKIA$: 'WIKOUN GAR PRO$ TOI$ 'ALLOISIN
KAKOI$ 'EN TW*I KHPWI TW*I PERI= THN 'OIKIAN, "OQEN 'OUD' 'AN4 "O
QURWRO$ 'HQELEN ME 'AFEINAI0 MH PEMFQEISH$ 'AUTWI TINO$
'ENTOLH$ PARA DIONUSIOU % 'AN2 DE PERIMEINW4 TON 'ENIAUTON,
"EXW2 MEN DIWNI TAUTA 'EPISTELLEIN, 'EN "OI$ T' 'AU*T' 'EIMI KAI "A
PRATTW0; KAI 'EA=N MEN-DH POIHI5 TI DIONUSIO$ "WN FHSIN, 'OU
<P 347B>
PANTAPASIN 'ESTAI MOI KATAGELASTW$ PEPRAGMENA % TALANTA
GAR 'ISW$ 'ESTIN 'OUK 'ELATTON, 'AN2 'EKTIMA*I2 TI$ 'ORQW$, "EKATON
"H DIWNO$ 'OUSIA % 'AN2 D'-'OUN GIGNHTAI TA NU*N "UPOFAINONTA
"OI*A 'EIKO$ 'AUTA GIGNESQAI, 'APORW0 MEN "OTI2 CRHSOMAI 'EMAUTWI,
"OMW$ DE 'ANAGKAION 'ISW$ 'ENIAUTON G' 'ETI PONHSAI0 KAI 'ERGOI$
'ELEGXAI0 PEIRASQAI TA$ DIONUSIOU MHCANA$. TAUTA MOI
DOXANTA, 'EI$ THN "USTERAIAN 'EIPON PRO$ DIONUSION "OTI4 DEDOKTAI
<P 347C>
MOI MENEIN0; 'AXIW0 MHN, 'EFHN, MH KURION "HGEISQAI
SE DIWNO$ 'EME, PEMPEIN DE MET' 'EMOU4 SE PAR' 'AUTON GRAMMATA
TA NU*N DEDOGMENA DHLOUNTA, KAI 'ERWTAN 'EI=TE 'ARKEI0
TAUTA 'AUTWI, KAI 'EI MH, BOULETAI DE 'A=LL'0 'ATTA KAI 'AXIOI0,
KAI TAUTA 'EPISTELLEIN "OTI2 TACISTA, SE DE NEWTERIZEIN MHDEN
PW TWN PERI= 'EKEINON. TAUTA 'ERRHQH, TAUTA SUNWMOLOGHSAMEN,
"W$ NU*N 'EIRHTAI SCEDON. 'EXEPLEUSEN DH TA PLOIA
META TOUTO, KAI 'OUKETI MOI DUNATON 'H*N PLEIN, "OTE DH MOI KAI
<P 347D>
DIONUSIO$ 'EMNHSQH LEGWN "OTI4 THN "HMISEIAN TH$ 'OUSIA$ 'EINAI
DEOI DIWNO$, THN D' "HMISEIAN TOU* "UEO$; 'EFH DH PWLHSEIN
'AUTHN, PRAQEISH$ DE TA MEN "HMISEA 'EMOI4 DWSEIN 'AGEIN, TA
D' "HMISEA TW*I PAIDI KATALEIYEIN 'AUTOU42; TO GAR-DH DIKAIOTATON
"OUTW$ 'ECEIN. PLHGEI$ D' 'EGW TW*I LECQENTI PANU MEN
'WIMHN GELOION 'EINAI 'ANTILEGEIN 'ETI, "OMW$ D' 'EIPON "OTI4 CREIH
THN PARA DIWNO$ 'EPISTOLHN PERIMENEIN0 "HMA$ KAI TAUTA
PALIN 'AUTA 'EPISTELLEIN. "O DE "EXH$ TOUTOI$ PANU NEANIKW$
<P 347E>
'EPWLEI THN 'OUSIAN 'AUTOU4 PASAN, "OPHI TE-KAI "OPW$ 'HQELE
KAI "OISTISI, PRO$ 'EME DE 'OUDEN "OLW$ 'EFQEGGETO PERI= 'AUTWN,
KAI-MHN "WSAUTW$ 'EGW PRO$ 'EKEINON 'AU PERI= TWN DIWNO$
PRAGMATWN 'OUDEN 'ETI DIELEGOMHN; 'OUDEN GAR 'ETI PLEON
'WIMHN POIEIN.
MECRI MEN-DH TOUTWN TAUTHI MOI BEBOHQHMENON 'EGEGONEI
FILOSOFIA\ KAI FILOI$; TO DE META TAUTA 'EZWMEN 'EGW KAI


<P 348A>
DIONUSIO$, 'EGW MEN BLEPWN 'EXW, KAQAPER 'ORNI$ POQWN
POQEN 'ANAPTESQAI, "O DE DIAMHCANWMENO$ TI=NA TROPON 'ANASOBHSOI
ME MHDEN 'APODOU$ TWN DIWNO$; "OMW$ DE 'EFAMEN
"ETAIROI GE 'EINAI PRO$ PASAN SIKELIAN. TWN DH MISQOFORWN
TOU$ PRESBUTEROU$ DIONUSIO$ 'EPECEIRHSEN 'OLIGOMISQOTEROU$
POIEIN PARA TA TOU* PATRO$ 'EQH, QUMWQENTE$ DE "OI STRATIWTAI
SUNELEGHSAN "AQROOI KAI 'OUK 'EFASAN 'EPITREYEIN. "O D' 'EPECEIREI
<P 348B>
BIAZESQAI KLEISA$ TA$ TH$ 'AKROPOLEW$ PULA$, "OI D'
'EFERONTO 'EUQU$ PRO$ TA TEICH, PAIWNA TINA 'ANABOHSANTE$
BARBARON KAI POLEMIKON; "OU2 DH PERIDEH$ DIONUSIO$ GENOMENO$
"APANTA SUNECWRHSEN KAI 'ETI PLEIW TOI$ TO=TE SULLECQEISI
TWN PELTASTWN. LOGO$ DH TI$ TACU DIHLQEN "W$
"HRAKLEIDH$ 'AITIO$ 'EIH-GEGONW$ PANTWN TOUTWN; "ON 'AKOUSA$
"O MEN "HRAKLEIDH$ 'EKPODWN "AUTON 'ESCEN 'AFANH, DIONUSIO$
<P 348C>
DE 'EZHTEI LABEIN, 'APORWN DE, QEODOTHN METAPEMYAMENO$
'EI$ TON KHPON % 'ETUCON D' 'EN TW*I KHPWI KAI 'EGW TO=TE PERIPATWN %
TA MEN-'OUN 'A=LLA 'OUT' 'OIDA 'OUT' 'HKOUON DIALEGOMENWN,
"A DE 'ENANTION 'EI*PEN QEODOTH$ 'EMOU4 PRO$ DIONUSION,
'OIDA TE-KAI MEMNHMAI. PLATWN GAR, 'EFH, DIONUSION
'EGW PEIQW0 TOUTONI, 'EA=N 'EGW GENWMAI DEURO "HRAKLEIDHN
KOMISAI0 DUNATO$ "HMIN 'EI$ LOGOU$ PERI= TWN 'EGKLHMATWN 'AUTWI
TWN NU*N GEGONOTWN, 'AN2 'A=RA MH DOXHI6 DEIN 'AUTON 'OIKEIN 'EN
SIKELIA\ TON TE "UON LABONTA KAI THN GUNAIKA 'AXIW0 'EI$
<P 348D>
PELOPONNHSON 'APOPLEIN, 'OIKEIN TE BLAPTONTA MHDEN DIONUSION
'EKEI, KARPOUMENON DE TA "EAUTOU. METEPEMYAMHN
MEN-'OUN-KAI PROTERON 'AUTON, METAPEMYOMAI DE-KAI NU*N, 'A=NT'-'OUN
'APO TH$ PROTERA$ METAPOMPH$ 'ANTE-KAI 'APO TH$ NU*N
"UPAKOUSHI6 MOI; DIONUSION DE 'AXIW0 KAI DEOMAI, 'AN2 TI$ 'ENTUGCANHI5
"HRAKLEIDHI 'EANT' 'EN 'AGRWI 'EANT' 'ENQADE, MHDEN 'ALLO
<P 348E>
'AUTWI FLAURON GIGNESQAI, METASTHNAI0 D' 'EK TH$ CWRA$, "EW$
'AN4 'ALLO TI DIONUSIWI DOXHI6. TAUTA, 'EFH, SUGCWREI$:
LEGWN PRO$ TON DIONUSION. SUGCWRW0; MHD' 'AN2 PRO$ THI
SHI, 'EFH, FANHI 'OIKIA\, PEISESQAI FLAURON MHDEN PARA
TA NU*N 'EIRHMENA. THI DH META TAUTHN THN "HMERAN DEILH$
'EURUBIO$ KAI QEODOTH$ PROSHLQETHN MOI SPOUDHI TEQORUBHMENW
QAUMASTW$, KAI QEODOTH$ LEGEI0, PLATWN, 'EFH,
PARHSQA CQE$ "OI$ PERI= "HRAKLEIDOU DIONUSIO$ "WMOLOGEI
PRO$ 'EME KAI SE: PW*$ DE 'OU=K: 'EFHN. NU*N TOINUN,
'H*-D'-"O$, PERIQEOUSIN0 PELTASTAI LABEIN "HRAKLEIDHN ZHTOUNTE$,
"O DE 'EINAI PHI TAUTHI KINDUNEUEI0; 'ALL' "HMIN, 'EFH,


<P 349A>
SUNAKOLOUQHSON2 PRO$ DIONUSION "APASHI MHCANHI. 'WICOMEQA
'OUN-KAI 'EISHLQOMEN PAR' 'AUTON, KAI TW MEN "ESTATHN SIGHI
DAKRUONTE, 'EGW DE 'EIPON; "OIDE PEFOBHNTAI MH TI SU PARA
TA CQE$ "WMOLOGHMENA POIHSHI$ PERI= "HRAKLEIDHN NEWTERON;
DOKEI0 GAR MOI TAUTHI PHI GEGONENAI FANERO$ 'APOTETRAMMENO$.
"O DE 'AKOUSA$ 'ANEFLECQH TE-KAI PANTODAPA CRWMATA
"HKEN2, "OI*' 'AN4 QUMOUMENO$ 'AFEIH; PROSPESWN D' 'AUTWI
<P 349B>
"O QEODOTH$ LABOMENO$ TH$ CEIRO$ 'EDAKRUSEN TE-KAI "IKETEUEN
MHDEN TOIOUTON POIEIN, "UPOLABWN D' 'EGW PARAMUQOUMENO$,
QARREI5, QEODOTA, 'EFHN; 'OU-GAR TOLMHSEI2 DIONUSIO$
PARA TA CQE$ "WMOLOGHMENA 'A=LLA POTE DRAN. KAI "O$6 'EMBLEYA$
MOI KAI MALA TURANNIKW$, SOI4, 'EFH, 'EGW 'OUTE
TI SMIKRON 'OUTE MEGA "WMOLOGHSA. NH TOU$ QEOU$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW,
SU GE, TAUTA "A SOU4 NU*N "OUTO$ DEITAI MH POIEIN;
KAI 'EIPWN TAUTA 'APOSTREFOMENO$ 'WICOMHN 'EXW. TO META
<P 349C>
TAUTA "O MEN 'EKUNHGEI TON "HRAKLEIDHN, QEODOTH$ DE 'AGGELOU$
PEMPWN "HRAKLEIDHI FEUGEIN DIEKELEUETO. "O DE 'EKPEMYA$
TEISIAN KAI PELTASTA$ DIWKEIN 'EKELEUE; FQANEI0 DE, "W$
'ELEGETO, "HRAKLEIDH$ 'EI$ THN KARCHDONIWN 'EPIKRATEIAN 'EKFUGWN
"HMERA$ SMIKRWI TINI MEREI. TO DH META TOUTO "H
PALAI 'EPIBOULH DIONUSIWI TOU* MH 'APODOUNAI0 TA DIWNO$
CRHMATA 'EDOXEN 'E=CQRA$ LOGON 'ECEIN 'AN4 PRO$ ME PIQANON,
KAI PRWTON MEN 'EK TH$ 'AKROPOLEW$ 'EKPEMPEI0 ME, "EURWN
<P 349D>
PROFASIN "W$ TA$ GUNAIKA$ 'EN TW*I KHPWI 'EN "WI KATWIKOUN 'EGW,
DEOI QUSAI0 QUSIAN TINA DECHMERON; 'EXW DH ME PAR' 'ARCEDHMWI
PROSETATTEN TON CRONON TOUTON MEINAI0. 'ONTO$ D'
'EMOU4 'EKEI, QEODOTH$ METAPEMYAMENO$ ME POLLA PERI= TWN
TO=TE PRACQENTWN5 'HGANAKTEI KAI 'EMEMFETO DIONUSIWI; "O D'
'AKOUSA$ "OTI4 PARA QEODOTHN 'EIHN-'EISELHLUQW$, PROFASIN
<P 349E>
'AU TAUTHN 'ALLHN TH$ PRO$ 'EME DIAFORA$ POIOUMENO$, 'ADELFHN
TH$ PROSQEN, PEMYA$ TINA 'HRWTA ME 'EI SUGGIGNOIMHN 'ONTW$
METAPEMYAMENOU ME QEODOTOU. 'KAGW, PANTAPASIN, 'EFHN;
"O DE, 'EKELEUE TOINUN, 'EFH, SOI4 FRAZEIN "OTI4 KALW$ 'OUDAMHI
POIEI$ DIWNA KAI TOU$ DIWNO$ FILOU$ 'AEI PERI= PLEIONO$
'AUTOU4 POIOUMENO$. TAUT' 'ERRHQH, KAI 'OUKETI METEPEMYATO
ME 'EI$ THN 'OIKHSIN PALIN, "W$ 'HDH SAFW$ QEODOTOU MEN
'ONTO$ MOU KAI "HRAKLEIDOU FILOU, 'AUTOU4 D' 'ECQROU, KAI 'OUK
'EUNOEIN 'WIETO ME, "OTI4 DIWNI TA CRHMATA 'ERREI0 PANTELW$.


<P 350A>
'WIKOUN DH TO META TOUTO 'EXW TH$ 'AKROPOLEW$ 'EN TOI$ MISQOFOROI$;
PROSIONTE$ DE MOI 'ALLOI TE-KAI "OI TWN "UPHRESIWN
'ONTE$ 'AQHNHQEN, 'EMOI42 POLITAI, 'APHGGELLON "OTI4 DIABEBLHMENO$-'EIHN
'EN TOI$ PELTASTAI$ KAI MOI TINE$ 'APEILOIEN, 'EI
POU LHYONTAI ME, DIAFQEREIN. MHCANWMAI0 DH TINA TOIANDE
SWTHRIAN. PEMPW0 PAR' 'ARCUTHN KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ FILOU$
'EI$ TARANTA, FRAZWN 'EN "OI$ 'WN TUGCANW0; "OI DE PROFASIN
TINA PRESBEIA$ PORISAMENOI PARA TH$ POLEW$ PEMPOUSIN0
<P 350B>
TRIAKONTORON TE-KAI LAMISKON "AUTWN "ENA, "O$4 'ELQWN 'EDEITO
DIONUSIOU PERI= 'EMOU4, LEGWN "OTI4 BOULOIMHN 'APIENAI, KAI
MHDAMW$ 'ALLW$ POIEIN. "O D" SUNWMOLOGHSEN KAI 'APEPEMYEN
'EFODIA DOU$, TWN DIWNO$ DE CRHMATWN 'OUT' 'EGW 'ETI 'APHITOUN
'OUTE TI$ 'APEDWKEN.
'ELQWN DE 'EI$ PELOPONNHSON 'EI$ 'OLUMPIAN, DIWNA
KATALABWN QEWROUNTA 'HGGELLON TA GEGONOTA; "O DE TON
DI=A 'EPIMARTURAMENO$ 'EUQU$ PARHGGELLEN 'EMOI4 KAI TOI$ 'EMOI$
<P 350C>
'OIKEIOI$ KAI FILOI$ PARASKEUAZESQAI TIMWREISQAI DIONUSION,
"HMA$ MEN XENAPATIA$ CARIN % "OUTW GAR 'ELEGEN TE-KAI 'ENOEI %
'AUTON D' 'EKBOLH$ 'ADIKOU KAI FUGH$. 'AKOUSA$ D' 'EGW TOU$
MEN FILOU$ PARAKALEIN0 'AUTON 'EKELEUON, 'EI BOULOINTO; 'EME
D' 'EIPON "OTI4 SU META TWN 'ALLWN BIA\ TINA TROPON SUSSITON
KAI SUNESTION KAI KOINWNON "IERWN DIONUSIWI 'EPOIHSA$,
"O$4 'ISW$ "HGEITO DIABALLONTWN0 POLLWN 'EPIBOULEUEIN 'EME
META SOU4 "EAUTWI KAI THI TURANNIDI, KAI "OMW$ 'OUK 'APEKTEINEN,
<P 350D>
'HIDESQH DE. 'OUT'-'OUN "HLIKIAN 'ECW0 SUMPOLEMEIN 'ETI SCEDON
'OUDENI, KOINO$ TE "UMIN 'EIMI, 'AN2 POTE TI PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ DEHQENTE$
FILIA$ 'AGAQON TI POIEIN BOULHQHTE; KAKA DE "EW$ 'AN4
'EPIQUMHTE, 'ALLOU$ PARAKALEITE3. TAUTA 'EIPON MEMISHKW$
THN PERI= SIKELIAN PLANHN KAI 'ATUCIAN; 'APEIQOUNTE$ DE-KAI
'OU PEIQOMENOI TAI$ "UP' 'EMOU4 DIALLAXESIN PANTWN TWN NU*N
GEGONOTWN KAKWN 'AUTOI 'AITIOI 'EGENONTO "AUTOI$, "WN 'EI DIONUSIO$
<P 350E>
'APEDWKEN TA CRHMATA DIWNI 'H=-KAI PANTAPASI KATHLLAGH,
'OUK 'AN4 POTE 'EGENETO 'OUDEN, "OSA GE-DH 'TANQRWPINA % DIWNA
GAR 'EGW KAI TW*I BOULESQAI KAI TW*I DUNASQAI KATEICON 'AN4
"RA\DIW$ % NU*N DE "ORMHSANTE$ 'EP' 'ALLHLOU$ KAKWN PANTA 'EMPEPLHKASIN.


<P 351A>
KAITOI THN GE 'AUTHN DIWN 'EICEN BOULHSIN
"HNPER 'AN4 'EGW FAIHN DEIN 'EME KAI 'ALLON, "OSTI$ METRIO$,
PERI= TE TH$ "AUTOU DUNAMEW$ KAI FILWN KAI PERI= POLEW$
TH$ "AUTOU DIANOOIT' 'AN4 'EUERGETWN 'EN DUNAMEI KAI TIMAISIN
GENESQAI TA MEGISTA 'EN TAI$ MEGISTAI$. 'ESTIN20 DE 'OUK 'AN2
TI$ PLOUSION "EAUTON POIHSHI6 KAI "ETAIROU$ KAI POLIN, 'EPIBOULEUSA$
KAI SUNWMOTA$ SUNAGAGWN, PENH$ 'WN KAI "EAUTOU
MH KRATWN, "UPO DEILIA$ TH$ PRO$ TA$ "HDONA$ "HTTHMENO$,
<P 351B>
'EITA TOU$ TA$ 'OUSIA$ KEKTHMENOU$ 'APOKTEINA$, 'ECQROU$ KALWN0
TOUTOU$, DIAFORHI5 TA TOUTWN CRHMATA KAI TOI$ SUNERGOI$ TE-KAI
"ETAIROI$ PARAKELEUHTAI "OPW$ MHDEI$ 'AUTWI 'EGKALEI2 PENH$
FASKWN 'EINAI; 'TAUTON DE-KAI THN POLIN 'AN2 "OUTW TI$ 'EUERGETWN
TIMATAI2 "UP' 'AUTH$, TOI$ POLLOI$ TA TWN 'OLIGWN "UPO
YHFISMATWN DIANEMWN0, 'H= MEGALH$ PROESTW$ POLEW$ KAI
POLLWN 'ARCOUSH$ 'ELATTONWN, THI "EAUTOU POLEI TA TWN SMIKROTERWN
<P 351C>
CRHMATA DIANEMHI5 MH KATA DIKHN. "OUTW MEN-GAR
'OUTE DIWN 'OUTE 'ALLO$ POTE 'OUDEI$ 'EPI DUNAMIN "EKWN 'EI*SIN
'ALITHRIWDH "EAUTWI TE-KAI GENEI 'EI$ TON 'AEI CRONON, 'EPI POLITEIAN
DE-KAI NOMWN KATASKEUHN TWN DIKAIOTATWN TE-KAI
'ARISTWN, 'OU TI DI' 'OLIGISTWN QANATWN KAI FONWN GIGNOMENHN;
"A DH DIWN NU*N PRATTWN, PROTIMHSA$ TO PASCEIN
'ANO=SIA TOU* DRASAI0 PROTERON, DIEULABOUMENO$ DE MH PAQEIN,
"OMW$ 'EPTAISEN 'EP' 'AKRON 'ELQWN TOU* PERIGENESQAI TWN
<P 351D>
'ECQRWN, QAUMASTON PAQWN 'OUDEN. "OSIO$ GAR 'ANQRWPO$
'ANOSIWN PE=RI SWFRWN TE-KAI 'EMFRWN, TO MEN "OLON 'OUK 'AN4
POTE DIAYEUSQEIH TH$ YUCH$ TWN TOIOUTWN PE=RI, KUBERNHTOU
DE 'AGAQOU PAQO$ 'AN4 'ISW$ 'OU QAUMASTON 'EI PAQOI "ON CEIMWN
MEN 'ESOMENO$ 'OUK 'AN4 PANU LAQOI, CEIMWNWN DE 'EXAISION KAI
'APROSDOKHTON MEGEQO$ LAQOI T' 'AN4 KAI LAQON KATAKLUSEIEN
BIA\. 'TAUTON DH-KAI DIWNA 'ESFHLEN; KAKOI MEN-GAR 'ONTE$ 'AUTON
SFO=DRA 'OUK 'ELAQON "OI SFHLANTE$, "OSON DE "UYO$ 'AMAQIA$
<P 351E>
'EICON KAI TH$ 'ALLH$ MOCQHRIA$ TE-KAI LAIMARGIA$, 'ELAQON,
"WI DH SFALEI=$ KEITAI, SIKELIAN PENQEI PERIBALWN2 MURIWI.


<P 352A>
TA DH META TA NU*N "RHQENTA "A SUMBOULEUW0, SCEDON 'EIRHTAI
TE MOI KAI 'EIRHSQW; "WN D' 'EPANELABON "ENEKA THN 'EI$ SIKELIAN
'AFIXIN THN DEUTERAN, 'ANAGKAION 'EINAI 'EDOXE MOI "RHQHNAI
DEIN DIA= THN 'ATOPIAN KAI 'ALOGIAN TWN GENOMENWN. 'EI D'-'A=RA
TINI NU*N "RHQENTA 'EULOGW=TERA 'EFANH KAI PROFASEI$ PRO$
TA GENOMENA "IKANA$ 'ECEIN 'EDOXEN TWI, METRIW$ 'AN4 "HMIN KAI
"IKANW$ 'EIH TA NU*N 'EIRHMENA.


<B EPIST8>

<P 352B>
PLATWN TOI$ DIWNO$ 'OIKEIOI$ TE-KAI "ETAIROI$
'EU PRATTEIN.
"A D' 'AN4 DIANOHQENTE$ MALISTA 'EU PRATTOITE 'ONTW$, PEIRASOMAI
TAUQ' "UMIN KATA DUNAMIN DIEXELQEIN. 'ELPIZW0 DE 'OUC
"UMIN MONOI$ SUMBOULEUSEIN TA SUMFERONTA, MALISTA GE-MHN
<P 352C>
"UMIN, KAI DEUTEROI$ PASIN TOI$ 'EN SURAKOUSAI$, TRITOI$ DE
"UMWN KAI TOI$ 'ECQROI$ KAI POLEMIOI$, PLHN 'EI TI$ 'AUTWN
'ANOSIOURGO$ GEGONEN0; TAUTA GAR 'ANIATA KAI 'OUK 'AN4 POTE
TI$ 'AUTA 'EKNIYEIEN. NOHSATE DE "A LEGW0 NU*N.
'ESQ' "UMIN KATA SIKELIAN PASAN LELUMENH$ TH$ TURANNIDO$
PASA MACH PERI= 'AUTWN TOUTWN, TWN MEN BOULOMENWN
'ANALABEIN PALIN THN 'ARCHN, TWN DE THI TH$ TURANNIDO$ 'APOFUGHI
TELO$ 'EPIQEINAI0. SUMBOULH DH PERI= TWN TOIOUTWN
<P 352D>
'ORQH DOKEI0 "EKASTOTE TOI$ POLLOI$ 'EINAI TAUTA SUMBOULEUEIN
DEIN "A TOU$ MEN POLEMIOU$ "W$ PLEISTA KAKA 'EXERGASETAI,
TOU$ DE FILOU$ "W$ PLEISTA 'AGAQA; TO DE 'OUDAMW$ "RA\DION
POLLA KAKA DRWNTA TOU$ 'ALLOU$ MH 'OU KAI PASCEIN 'AUTON
POLLA "E=TERA. DEI DE 'OU MAKRAN 'ELQONTA$ POI TA TOIAUTA
'ENARGW$ 'IDEIN, 'ALL' "OSA NU*N GEGONEN0 THIDE, 'AUTOU2 PERI=
SIKELIAN, TWN MEN 'EPICEIROUNTWN0 DRAN, TWN DE 'AMUNASQAI
<P 352E>
TOU$ DRWNTA$; "A 'KAN4 'ALLOI$ MUQOLOGOUNTE$ "IKANOI GIGNOISQ'
'AN4 "EKASTOTE DIDASKALOI. TOUTWN MEN-DH SCEDON 'OUK 'APORIA;
TWN DE "OSA GENOIT' 'AN4 'H= PASIN SUMFERONTA 'ECQROI$ TE-KAI
FILOI$ 'H= "OTI2 SMIKROTATA KAKA 'AMFOIN, TAUTA 'OUTE "RA\DION
"ORAN 'OUTE 'IDONTA 'EPITELEIN0, 'EUCHI DE PROSEOIKEN0 "H TOIAUTH
SUMBOULH TE-KAI 'EPICEIRHSI$ TOU* LOGOU. 'ESTW DH PANTAPASI


<P 353A>
MEN 'EUCH TI$ % 'APO GAR QEWN CRH PANTA 'ARCOMENON 'AEI
LEGEIN TE-KAI NOEIN % 'EPITELH$ D' 'EIH SHMAINOUSA "HMIN TOIONDE
TINA LOGON; NU*N "UMIN KAI TOI$ POLEMIOI$ SCEDON, 'EX "OUPER
GEGONEN0 "O POLEMO$, SUGGENEIA 'ARCEI0 MIA DIA= TELOU$, "HN
POTE KATESTHSAN "OI PATERE$ "UMWN 'E$ 'APORIAN 'ELQONTE$ THN
"APASAN, TO=Q' "OTE KINDUNO$ 'EGENETO 'ESCATO$ SIKELIA\ THI TWN
"ELLHNWN "UPO KARCHDONIWN 'ANASTATON "OLHN 'EKBARBARWQEISAN
GENESQAI. TO=TE GAR "EILONTO DIONUSION MEN "W$ NEON
<P 353B>
KAI POLEMIKON 'EPI TA$ TOU* POLEMOU PREPOUSA$ 'AUTWI PRAXEI$,
SUMBOULON DE-KAI PRESBUTERON "IPPARINON, 'EPI SWTHRIA\
TH$ SIKELIA$ 'AUTOKRATORA$, "W$ FASIN0, TURANNOU$ 'EPONOMAZONTE$.
KAI-'EI=TE-DH QEIAN TI$ "HGEISQAI BOULETAI TUCHN KAI
QEON 'EI=TE THN TWN 'ARCONTWN0 'ARETHN 'EI=TE-KAI TO SUNAMFOTERON
META TWN TO=TE POLITWN TH$ SWTHRIA$ 'AITIAN SUMBHNAI0
GENOMENHN, 'ESTW TAUTHI "OPHI TI$ "UPOLAMBANEI0; SWTHRIA
D'-'OUN "OUTW$ SUNEBH TOI$ TO=TE GENOMENOI$. TOIOUTWN 'OUN
<P 353C>
'AUTWN GEGONOTWN, DIKAION POU TOI$ SWSASIN PANTA$ CARIN
'ECEIN; 'EI DE TI TON METEPEITA CRONON "H TURANNI$ 'OUK 'ORQW$
THI TH$ POLEW$ DWREA*I KATAKE=CRHTAI, TOUTWN DIKA$ TA$ MEN
'ECEI0, TA$ DE TINETW. TI=NE$ 'OUN-DH DIKAI 'ANAGKAIW$ 'ORQAI
GIGNOINT' 'AN4 'EK TWN "UPARCONTWN0 'AUTOI$: 'EI MEN "RA\DIW$ "UMEI$
'APOFUGEIN "OIOI-T'-'HTE 'AUTOU$ KAI 'ANEU MEGALWN KINDUNWN
KAI PONWN 'H= 'KEINOI "ELEIN 'EUPETW$ PALIN THN 'ARCHN, 'OUD'
'AN4 SUMBOULEUEIN "OION-T'-'H*N TA MELLONTA "RHQHSESQAI; NU*N
<P 353D>
D' 'ENNOEIN "UMA$ 'AMFOTEROU$ CREWN KAI 'ANAMIMNHISKESQAI
POSAKI$ 'EN 'ELPIDI "EKATEROI GEGONATE TOU* NU*N 'OIESQAI SCEDON
'AEI TINO$ SMIKROU 'EPIDEEI$ 'EINAI TO MH PANTA KATA NOUN
PRATTEIN, KAI-DH-KAI "OTI4 TO SMIKRON TOUTO MEGALWN KAI
MURIWN KAKWN 'AITION "EKASTOTE SUMBAINEI0 GIGNOMENON, KAI
PERA$ 'OUDEN POTE TELEITAI0, SUNAPTEI0 DE 'AEI PALAIA TELEUTH
DOKOUSA 'ARCHI FUOMENHI NEA\, DIOLESQAI D' "UPO TOU* KUKLOU
<P 353E>
TOUTOU KINDUNEUSEI2 KAI TO TURANNIKON "APAN KAI TO DHMOTIKON
GENO$, "HXEI2 DE, 'EANPER TWN 'EIKOTWN GIGNHTAI TI KAI 'APEUKTWN,
SCEDON 'EI$ 'ERHMIAN TH$ "ELLHNIKH$ FWNH$ SIKELIA
PASA, FOINIKWN 'H= 'OPIKWN METABALOUSA2 'EI$ TINA DUNASTEIAN
KAI KRATO$. TOUTWN DH CRH PASHI PROQUMIA\ PANTA$ TOU$
"ELLHNA$ TEMNEIN FARMAKON. 'EI MEN-DH TI$ 'ORQOTERON 'AMEINON
T' 'ECEI0 TOU* "UP' 'EMOU4 "RHQHSOMENOU, 'ENEGKWN 'EI$ TO MESON


<P 354A>
'ORQOTATA FILELLHN 'AN4 LECQEIH; "O= DE MOI FAINETAI PHI TA
NU*N 'EGW PEIRASOMAI PASHI PARRHSIA\ KAI KOINWI TINI DIKAIWI
LOGWI CRWMENO$ DHLOUN0. LEGW0 GAR-DH DIAITHTOU TINA TROPON
DIALEGOMENO$ "W$ DUOIN, TURANNEUSANTI TE-KAI TURANNEUQENTI,
"W$ "ENI "EKATERWI PALAIAN 'EMHN SUMBOULHN; KAI NU*N DE "O G'
'EMO$ LOGO$ 'AN4 'EIH SUMBOULO$ TURANNWI PANTI FEUGEIN MEN
'TOUNOMA TE-KAI 'TOURGON TOUTO, 'EI$ BASILEIAN DE, 'EI DUNATON
<P 354B>
'EIH, METABALEIN2. DUNATON DE, "W$ 'EDEIXEN 'ERGWI SOFO$ 'ANHR
KAI 'AGAQO$ LUKOURGO$, "O$4 'IDWN TO TWN 'OIKEIWN GENO$ 'EN
'ARGEI KAI MESSHNHI 'EK BASILEWN 'EI$ TURANNWN DUNAMIN
'AFIKOMENOU$ KAI DIAFQEIRANTA$ "EAUTOU$ TE-KAI THN POLIN
"EKATEROU$ "EKATERAN, DEISA$ PERI= TH$ "AUTOU POLEW$ "AMA KAI
GENOU$ FARMAKON 'EPHNEGKEN THN TWN GERONTWN 'ARCHN KAI
TON TWN 'EFORWN DESMON TH$ BASILIKH$ 'ARCH$ SWTHRION,
"WSTE GENEA$ TOSAUTA$ 'HDH MET' 'EUKLEIA$ SWIZESQAI, NOMO$9
<P 354C>
'EPEIDH KURIO$ 'EGENETO BASILEU$9 TWN 'ANQRWPWN, 'ALL' 'OUK
'ANQRWPOI TURANNOI NOMWN. "O= DH-KAI NU*N "OUMO$ LOGO$ PASIN
PARAKELEUETAI, TOI$ MEN TURANNIDO$ 'EFIEMENOI$ 'APOTREPESQAI
KAI FEUGEIN FUGHI 'APLHSTW$ PEINWNTWN0 'EUDAIMONISMA 'ANQRWPWN
KAI 'ANOHTWN, 'EI$ BASILEW$ D' 'EIDO$ PEIRASQAI METABALLEIN
KAI DOULEUSAI0 NOMOI$ BASILIKOI$, TA$ MEGISTA$
TIMA$ KEKTHMENOU$ PAR' "EKONTWN TE 'ANQRWPWN KAI TWN NOMWN;
<P 354D>
TOI$ DE-DH 'ELEU=QERA DIWKOUSIN4 'HQH KAI FEUGOUSIN4 TON DOULEION
ZUGON "W$ 'ON KAKON, 'EULABEISQAI SUMBOULEUOIM' 'AN4 MH
POTE 'APLHSTIA\ 'ELEUQERIA$ 'AKAIROU TINO$ 'EI$ TO TWN PROGONWN
NOSHMA 'EMPESWSIN, "O= DIA= THN 'AGAN 'ANARCIAN "OI TO=TE 'EPAQON,
'AMETRWI 'ELEUQERIA$ CRWMENOI 'ERWTI. "OI GAR PRO DIONUSIOU
KAI "IPPARINOU 'ARXANTWN0 SIKELIWTAI TO=TE "W$ 'WIONTO 'EUDAIMONW$
'EZWN, TRUFWNTE$ TE-KAI "AMA 'ARCONTWN0 'ARCONTE$; "OI=4
KAI TOU$ DEKA STRATHGOU$ KATELEUSAN BALLONTE$ TOU$ PRO
<P 354E>
DIONUSIOU, KATA NOMON 'OUDENA KRINANTE$, "INA DH DOULEUOIEN
MHDENI MHTE SUN DIKHI MHTE NOMWI DESPOTHI, 'ELEUQEROI D' 'EIEN
PANTHI PANTW$; "OQEN "AI TURANNIDE$ 'EGENONTO 'AUTOI$. DOULEIA
GAR-KAI 'ELEUQERIA "UPERBALLOUSA MEN "EKATE=RA PAGKAKON,
'EMMETRO$ DE 'OUSA PANAGAQON; METRI=A DE "H QEWI DOULEIA,
'AMETRO$ DE "H TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$. QEO$ DE 'ANQRWPOI$ SWFROSIN


<P 355A>
NOMO$, 'AFROSIN DE "HDONH. TOUTWN DH TAUTHI PEFUKOTWN,
"A SUMBOULEUW0 SURAKOSIOI$ PASIN FRAZEIN PARAKELEUOMAI
TOI$ DIWNO$ FILOI$ 'EKEINOU KAI 'EMHN KOINHN SUMBOULHN; 'EGW
DE "ERMHNEUSW2 "AN4 'EKEINO$ 'EMPNOU$ 'WN KAI DUNAMENO$ 'EI*PEN
NU*N PRO$ "UMA$. TI=N' 'OUN-DH, TI$ 'AN4 'EIPOI, LOGON 'APOFAINETAI
"HMIN PERI= TWN NU*N PARONTWN0 "H DIWNO$ SUMBOULH:
TONDE.
DEXASQE, 'W* SURAKOSIOI, PANTWN PRWTON NOMOU$ "OITINE$
<P 355B>
'AN4 "UMIN FAINWNTAI MH PRO$ CRHMATISMON KAI PLOUTON TREYONTE$
TA$ GNWMA$ "UMWN MET' 'EPIQUMIA$, 'ALL' 'ONTWN0 TRIWN,
YUCH$ KAI SWMATO$ 'ETI DE CRHMATWN, THN TH$ YUCH$ 'ARETHN
'ENTIMOTATHN POIOUNTE$, DEUTERAN DE THN TOU* SWMATO$, "UPO
THI TH$ YUCH$ KEIMENHN, TRITHN DE-KAI "USTATHN THN TWN
CRHMATWN TIMHN, DOULEUOUSAN TW*I SWMATI TE-KAI YUCHI. KAI
<P 355C>
"O MEN TAUTA 'APERGAZOMENO$ QESMO$ NOMO$ 'AN4 'ORQW$ "UMIN
'EIH-KEIMENO$, 'ONTW$ 'EUDAIMONA$ 'APOTELWN20 TOU$ CRWMENOU$;
"O DE TOU$ PLOUSIOU$ 'EUDAIMONA$ 'ONOMAZWN LOGO$ 'AUTO$ TE
'AQLIO$, GUNAIKWN KAI PAIDWN 'WN LOGO$ 'ANOU$, TOU$ PEIQOMENOU$
TE 'APERGAZETAI TOIOUTOU$. "OTI4 D' 'ALHQH TAUT' 'EGW
PARAKELEUOMAI, 'EA=N GEUSHSQE TWN NU*N LEGOMENWN PERI= NOMWN,
'ERGWI GNWSESQE; "H=4 DH BASANO$ 'ALHQESTATH DOKEI0 GIGNESQAI
TWN PANTWN PE=RI. DEXAMENOI DE TOU$ TOIOUTOU$ NOMOU$,
<P 355D>
'EPEIDH KATECEI0 KINDUNO$ SIKELIAN, KAI-'OUTE KRATEITE0 "IKANW$
'OUT' 'AU DIAFERONTW$ KRATEISQE0, DIKAION 'AN4 'ISW$ KAI SUMFERON
GIGNOITO "UMIN PASIN MESON TEMEIN2, TOI$ TE FEUGOUSIN4
TH$ 'ARCH$ THN CALEPOTHTA "UMIN KAI TOI$ TH$ 'ARCH$ PALIN
'ERWSIN4 TUCEIN, "WN "OI PROGONOI TO=TE TO7 MEGISTON, 'ESWSAN
'APO BARBARWN TOU$ "ELLHNA$, "WST' 'EXEINAI PERI= POLITEIA$
NU*N POIEISQAI LOGOU$; 'ERROUSI4 DE TO=TE 'OUTE LOGO$ 'OUT' 'ELPI$
'ELEIPET' 'AN4 'OUDAMHI 'OUDAMW$. NU*N 'OUN TOI$ MEN 'ELEUQERIA
<P 355E>
GIGNESQW META BASILIKH$ 'ARCH$, TOI$ DE 'ARCH "UPEUQUNO$
BASILIKH, DESPOZONTWN0 NOMWN TWN TE 'ALLWN POLITWN KAI
TWN BASILEWN 'AUTWN, 'AN2 TI PARANOMON PRATTWSIN; 'EPI DE
TOUTOI$ SUMPASIN 'ADOLWI GNWMHI KAI "UGIEI META QEWN BASILEA
STHSASQE, PRWTON MEN TON 'EMON "UON CARITWN "ENEKA DITTWN,
TH$ TE PAR' 'EMOU4 KAI TH$ PARA TOU* 'EMOU2 PATRO$ % "O MEN-GAR
'APO BARBARWN 'HLEUQERWSEN 'EN TW*I TO=TE CRONWI THN


<P 356A>
POLIN, 'EGW DE 'APO TURANNWN NU*N DI$, "WN 'AUTOI MARTURE$
"UMEI$ GEGONATE % DEUTERON DE-DH POIEISQE3 BASILEA TON TW*I
MEN 'EMWI PATRI 'TAUTON KEKTHMENON 'ONOMA, "UON DE DIONUSIOU,
CARIN TH$ TE-DH NU*N BOHQEIA$ KAI "OSIOU TROPOU; "O$4 GENOMENO$
TURANNOU PATRO$ "EKWN THN POLIN 'ELEUQEROI0, TIMHN
"AUTWI KAI GENEI 'AEIZWON 'ANTI TURANNIDO$ 'EFHMEROU KAI 'ADIKOU
KTWMENO$. TRITON DE PROKALEISQAI0 CRH BASILEA GIGNESQAI
SURAKOUSWN, "EKONTA "EKOUSH$ TH$ POLEW$, TON NU*N TOU* TWN
<P 356B>
POLEMIWN 'ARCONTA STRATOPEDOU, DIONUSION TON DIONUSIOU,
'EA=N 'EQELHI5 "EKWN 'EI$ BASILEW$ SCHMA 'APALLATTESQAI, DEDIW$
MEN TA$ TUCA$, 'ELEWN DE PATRIDA KAI "IERWN 'AQERAPEUSIAN
KAI TAFOU$, MH DIA= FILONIKIAN PANTW$ PANTA 'APOLESHI6 BARBAROI$
'EPICARTO$ GENOMENO$. TREI$ D' 'ONTA$ BASILEA$, 'EI=T'-'OUN
THN LAKWNIKHN DUNAMIN 'AUTOI$ DONTE$ 'EI=TE 'AFELONTE$
KAI SUNOMOLOGHSAMENOI, KATASTHSASQE TROPWI TINI TOIWIDE,
<P 356C>
"O$4 'EIRHTAI MEN-KAI PROTERON "UMIN, "OMW$ D' 'ETI KAI NU*N
'AKOUETE3. 'EA=N 'EQELHI5 TO GENO$ "UMIN TO DIONUSIOU TE-KAI
"IPPARINOU 'EPI SWTHRIA\ SIKELIA$ PAUSASQAI TWN NU*N PARONTWN0
KAKWN, TIMA$ "AUTOI$ KAI GENEI LABONTE$ 'EI$ TE TON
'EPEITA KAI TON NU*N CRONON, 'EPI TOUTOI$ KALEITE3, "WSPER KAI
PROTERON 'ERRHQH, PRESBEI$ "OU$ 'AN4 'EQELHSWSIN KURIOU$
POIHSAMENOI TWN DIALLAGWN % 'EI=TE TINA$ 'AUTOQEN 'EI=TE 'EXWQEN
'EI=TE 'AMFO=TERA % KAI "OPOSOU$ 'AN4 SUGCWRHSWSIN; TOUTOU$
<P 356D>
D' 'ELQONTA$ NOMOU$ MEN PRWTON QEINAI0 KAI POLITEIAN TOIAUTHN,
'EN "HI BASILEA$ "ARMOTTEI0 GIGNESQAI KURIOU$ "IERWN TE-KAI
"OSWN 'ALLWN PREPEI0 TOI$ GENOMENOI$ POTE 'EUERGETAI$,
POLEMOU DE-KAI 'EIRHNH$ 'ARCONTA$ NOMOFULAKA$ POIHSASQAI
'ARIQMON TRIAKONTA KAI PENTE META TE DHMOU KAI BOULH$.
DIKASTHRIA DE 'A=LLA MEN 'ALLWN, QANATOU DE-KAI FUGH$ TOU$
TE PENTE KAI TRIAKONTA "UPARCEIN; PRO$ TOUTOI$ TE 'EKLEKTOU$
GIGNESQAI DIKASTA$ 'EK TWN NU*N 'AEI PERUSINWN 'ARCONTWN0,
<P 356E>
"ENA 'AF' "EKASTH$ TH$ 'ARCH$ TON 'ARISTON DOXANT' 'EINAI KAI
DIKAIOTATON; TOUTOU$ DE TON 'EPIONTA 'ENIAUTON DIKAZEIN "OSA
QANATOU KAI DESMOU KAI METASTASEW$ TWN POLITWN; BASILEA
DE TWN TOIOUTWN DIKWN MH 'EXEINAI DIKASTHN GIGNESQAI,


<P 357A>
KAQAPER "IEREA FONOU KAQAREUONTA KAI DESMOU KAI FUGH$.
TAUQ' "UMIN 'EGW KAI ZWN DIENOHQHN GIGNESQAI KAI NU*N DIANOOUMAI,
KAI TO=TE KRATHSA$ TWN 'ECQRWN MEQ' "UMWN, 'EI MH
XENIKAI 'ERINUE$ 'EKWLUSAN, KATESTHSA 'AN74 "HIPER KAI DIENOOUMHN,
KAI META TAUTA SIKELIAN 'AN4 THN 'ALLHN, 'EIPER 'ERGA
'EPI NWI 'EGIGNETO, KATWIKISA, TOU$ MEN BARBAROU$ "HN NU*N
'ECOUSIN0 'AFELOMENO$, "OSOI MH "UPER TH$ KOINH$ 'ELEUQERIA$
<P 357B>
DIEPOLEMHSAN PRO$ THN TURANNIDA, TOU$ D' 'EMPROSQEN 'OIKHTA$
TWN "ELLHNIKWN TOPWN 'EI$ TA$ 'ARCAIA$ KAI PATRWIA$ 'OIKHSEI$
KATOIKISA$; 'TAUTA DE TAUTA KAI NU*N PASIN SUMBOULEUW0
KOINHI DIANOHQHNAI KAI PRATTEIN TE-KAI PARAKALEIN0 'EPI
TAUTA$ TA$ PRAXEI$ PANTA$, TON MH 'QELONTA DE POLEMION
"HGEISQAI KOINHI. 'ESTIN DE TAUTA 'OUK 'ADUNATA; "A GAR 'EN
DUOIN TE 'ONTA YUCAIN TUGCANEI0 KAI LOGISAMENOI$ "EUREIN
BELTISTA "ETOIMW$ 'ECEI0, TAUTA DE SCEDON "O KRINWN0 'ADUNATA
<P 357C>
'OUK 'EU FRONEI0. LEGW0 DE TA$ DUO THN TE "IPPARINOU TOU*
DIONUSIOU "UEO$ KAI THN TOU* 'EMOU2 "UEO$; TOUTOIN GAR SUNOMOLOGHSANTOIN
TOI$ GE 'ALLOI$ SURAKOUSIOI$ 'OIMAI PASIN
"OSOIPER TH$ POLEW$ KHDONTAI SUNDOKEIN. 'ALLA= QEOI$ TE
PASIN TIMA$ MET' 'EUCWN DONTE$, TOI$ TE 'ALLOI$ "OSOI$ META
QEWN PREPEI0, PEIQONTE$ KAI PROKALOUMENOI0 FILOU$ KAI DIAFOROU$
MALAKW$ TE-KAI PANTW$ MH 'APOSTHTE2, PRIN 'AN4 TA
<P 357D>
NU*N "UF' "HMWN LECQENTA "OION 'ONEIRATA QEI*A 'EPISTANTA 'EGRHGOROSIN,
'ENARGH TE 'EXERGASHSQE TELESQENTA KAI 'EUTUCH.


<B EPIST9>

<P 357D>
WWW
WWW
WWW
PLATWN 'ARCUTA\ TARANTINWI 'EU PRATTEIN.
'AFIKONTO PRO$ "HMA$ "OI PERI= 'ARCIPPON KAI FILWNIDHN,
<P 357E>
THN TE 'EPISTOLHN FERONTE$ "HN SU 'AUTOI$ 'EDWKA$, KAI 'APAGGELLONTE$
TA PARA SOU4. TA MEN-'OUN PRO$ THN POLIN 'OU
CALEPW$ DIEPRAXANTO % KAI-GAR-'OUDE PANTELW$ 'H*N 'ERGWDH %
TA DE PARA SOU4 DIHLQON "HMIN, LEGONTE$ "UPODUSFOREIN SE
"OTI4 'OU DUNASAI TH$ PERI= TA KOINA 'ASCOLIA$ 'APOLUQHNAI.
"OTI4 MEN-'OUN "HDISTON 'ESTIN 'EN TW*I BIWI TO TA "AUTOU PRATTEIN,


<P 358A>
'ALLW$ TE KAI 'EI TI$ "ELOITO TOIAUTA PRATTEIN "OI*A KAI SU,
SCEDON PANTI DHLON; 'ALLA= 'KAKEINO DEI SE 'ENQUMEISQAI, "OTI4
"EKASTO$ "HMWN 'OUC "AUTWI MONON GEGONEN0, 'ALLA= TH$ GENESEW$
"HMWN TO MEN TI "H PATRI$ MERIZETAI, TO DE TI "OI GENNHSANTE$,
TO DE "OI LOIPOI FILOI POLLA DE-KAI TOI$ KAIROI$ DIDOTAI
TOI$ TON BION "HMWN KATALAMBANOUSI4. KALOUSH$0 DE TH$
PATRIDO$ 'AUTH$ PRO$ TA KOINA, 'ATOPON 'ISW$ TO MH "UPAKOUEIN;
<P 358B>
"AMA GAR SUMBAINEI0 KAI CWRAN KATALIMPANEIN FAULOI$
'ANQRWPOI$, "OI=4 'OUK 'APO TOU* BELTISTOU PRO$ TA KOINA PROSERCONTAI.
PERI= TOUTWN MEN-'OUN "IKANW$, 'ECEKRATOU$ DE-KAI
NU*N 'EPIMELEIAN 'ECOMEN KAI 'EI$ TON LOIPON CRONON "EXOMEN
KAI DIA= SE KAI DIA= TON PATERA 'AUTOU4 FRUNIWNA KAI DI'
'AUTON TON NEANISKON.


<B EPIST10>

<P 358B>
WWW
WWW
WWW
WWW
WWW
WWW
PLATWN 'ARISTODWRWI 'EU PRATTEIN.
<P 358C>
'AKOUW0 DIWNO$ 'EN TOI$ MALISTA "ETAIRON 'EINAI TE SE NU*N
KAI GEGONENAI DIA= PANTO$, TO SOFWTATON 'HQO$ TWN 'EI$
FILOSOFIAN PARECOMENON; TO GAR BEBAION KAI PISTON KAI
"UGIE$, TOUTO 'EGW FHMI 'EINAI THN 'ALHQINHN FILOSOFIAN, TA$
DE 'ALLA$ TE-KAI 'EI$ 'A=LLA TEINOUSA$ SOFIA$ TE-KAI DEINOTHTA$
KOMYOTHTA$ 'OIMAI PROSAGOREUWN 'ORQW$ 'ONOMAZEIN.
'ALL' 'ERRWSO TE-KAI MENE 'EN TOI$ 'HQESIN "OISPER KAI NU*N
MENEI$0.


<B EPIST11>

<P 358D>
PLATWN LAODAMANTI 'EU PRATTEIN.
'EPESTEILA MEN SOI4 KAI PROTERON "OTI4 POLU DIAFEREI0 PRO$
"APANTA "A LEGEI$ 'AUTON 'AFIKESQAI SE 'AQHNAZE; 'EPEIDH DE
SU FH=I$ 'ADUNATON 'EINAI, META TOUTO 'H*N DEUTERON, 'EI DUNATON
'EME 'AFIKESQAI 'H= SWKRATH, "WSPER 'EPESTEILA$. NU*N DE
<P 358E>
SWKRATH$ MEN 'ESTIN PERI= 'ASQENEIAN THN TH$ STRAGGOURIA$,
'EME DE 'AFIKOMENON 'ENTAUQA 'ASCHMON 'AN4 'EIH MH DIAPRAXASQAI
'EF' "APER SU PARAKALEI$0. 'EGW DE TAUTA GENESQAI 'AN4 'OU
POLLHN 'ELPIDA 'ECW0 % DI' "A DE, MAKRA$ "ETERA$ DEOIT' 'AN4
'EPISTOLH$ "HTI$ PANTA DIEXIOI % KAI "AMA 'OUDE TW*I SWMATI
DIA= THN "HLIKIAN "IKANW$ 'ECW0 PLANASQAI KAI KINDUNEUEIN KATA
TE GHN KAI KATA QALATTAN "OI*A 'APANTA*I0, KAI NU*N PANTA KINDUNWN
'EN TAI$ POREIAI$ 'ESTI MESTA. SUMBOULEUSAI0 MENTOI


<P 359A>
'ECW0 SOI4 TE-KAI TOI$ 'OIKISTAI$, "O=9 'EIPONTO$9 MEN9 'EMOU41, FHSIN
"HSIODO$, DOXAI41 'AN41 'EINAI1 FAULON9, CALEPON9 DE9 NOHSAI90. 'EI
GAR "OION-TE "UPO NOMWN QESEW$ KAI "WNTINWN 'EU POTE POLITEIAN
KATASKEUASQHNAI 'ANEU TOU* 'EINAI TI KURION 'EPIMELOUMENON
'EN THI POLEI TH$ KAQ' "HMERAN DIAITH$, "OPW$ 'AN4 'HI
SWFRWN TE-KAI 'ANDRIKH DOULWN TE-KAI 'ELEUQERWN, 'OUK 'ORQW$
DIANOOUNTAI. TOUTO D' 'AU, 'EI MEN 'EISIN 'HDH 'ANDRE$ 'AXIOI
<P 359B>
TH$ 'ARCH$ TAUTH$, GENOIT' 'AN4; 'EI D' 'EPI TO PAIDEUSAI0 DEI0
TINO$, 'OUTE "O PAIDEUSWN 'OUTE "OI PAIDEUQHSOMENOI, "W$ 'EGW
'OIMAI, 'EISIN "UMIN, 'ALLA= TO LOIPON TOI$ QEOI$ 'EUCESQE2. KAI-GAR
SCEDON TI KAI "AI 'EMPROSQEN POLEI$ "OUTW KATESKEUASQHSAN,
KAI 'EPEITA 'EU 'WIKHSAN, "UPO SUMBASEWN PRAGMATWN
MEGALWN KAI KATA POLEMON KAI KATA TA$ 'ALLA$ PRAXEI$
GENOMENWN, "OTAN 'EN TOIOUTOI$ KAIROI$ 'ANHR KALO$ TE-KAI
'AGAQO$ 'EGGENHTAI MEGALHN DUNAMIN 'ECWN; TO D' 'EMPROSQEN
<P 359C>
'AUTA PROQUMEISQAI MEN CRH KAI 'ANAGKH, DIANOEISQAI MENTOI
'AUTA "OI*A LEGW0, KAI MH 'ANOHTAINEIN 'OIOMENOU$ TI "ETOIMW$
DIAPRAXASQAI. 'EUTUCEI5.


<B EPIST12>

<P 359C>
WWW
WWW
WWW
WWW
PLATWN 'ARCUTA\ TARANTINWI 'EU PRATTEIN.
TA MEN PARA SOU4 'ELQONQ' "UPOMNHMATA QAUMASTW$ "W$
<P 359D>
"ASMENOI TE 'ELABOMEN KAI TOU* GRAYANTO$ 'AUTA 'HGASQHMEN
"W$ 'ENI MALISTA KAI 'EDOXEN "HMIN 'EINAI "O 'ANHR 'AXIO$ 'EKEINWN
TWN PALAI PROGONWN; LEGONTAI GAR-DH "OI 'ANDRE$ "OUTOI
MURIOI 'EINAI % "OUTOI D' 'HSAN TWN 'EPI LAOMEDONTO$ 'EXANASTANTWN0
TRWWN % 'ANDRE$ 'AGAQOI, "W$ "O PARADEDOMENO$ MUQO$
DHLOI0. TA DE PAR' 'EMOI4 "UPOMNHMATA, PERI= "WN 'EPESTEILA$,
"IKANW$ MEN 'OUPW 'ECEI0, "W$ DE POTE TUGCANEI0 'ECONTA, 'APESTALKA
<P 359E>
SOI4; PERI= DE TH$ FULAKH$ 'AMFOTEROI SUMFWNOUMEN,
"WST' 'OUDEN DEI PARAKELEUESQAI.


<B EPIST13>


<P 360A>
PLATWN DIONUSIWI TURANNWI SURAKOUSWN
'EU PRATTEIN.
'ARCH SOI4 TH$ 'EPISTOLH$ 'ESTW KAI "AMA SUMBOLON "OTI4
PAR' 'EMOU4 'ESTIN; TOU$ LOKROU$ POQ' "ESTIWN NEANISKOU$,
PORRW KATAKEIMENO$ 'AP' 'EMOU4, 'ANESTH$ PAR' 'EME KAI FILOFRONOUMENO$
'EIPE$ 'EU TI "RHMA 'ECON, "W$ 'EMOIGE 'EDOKEI$ KAI
<P 360B>
TW*I PARAKATAKEIMENWI % 'H*N D' "OUTO$ TWN KALWN TI$ % "O$4 TO=TE
'EI*PEN; 'H*-POU POLLA, 'W* DIONUSIE, 'EI$ SOFIAN 'WFELHI0 "UPO
PLATWNO$; SU D' 'EIPE$; KAI 'EI$ 'A=LLA POLLA, 'EPEI KAI
'AP' 'AUTH$ TH$ METAPEMYEW$, "OTI4 METEPEMYAMHN 'AUTON, DI'
'AUTO TOUTO 'EUQU$ 'WFELHQHN. TOUT' 'OUN DIASWSTEON, "OPW$
'AN4 'AUXANHTAI 'AEI "HMWN "H 'AP' 'ALLHLWN 'WFELIA. KAI 'EGW
NU*N TOUT' 'AUTO PARASKEUAZWN, TWN TE PUQAGOREIWN PEMPW0
SOI4 KAI TWN DIAIRESEWN, KAI 'ANDRA, "WSPER 'EDOKEI "HMIN TO=TE,
<P 360C>
"WI GE SU KAI 'ARCUTH$, 'EIPER "HKEI0 PARA SE 'ARCUTH$, CRHSQAI
DUNAISQ' 'AN4. 'ESTI DE 'ONOMA MEN "ELIKWN, TO DE GENO$ 'EK
KUZIKOU, MAQHTH$ DE 'EUDOXOU KAI PERI= PANTA TA 'EKEINOU
PANU CARIENTW$ 'ECWN; 'ETI DE-KAI TWN 'ISOKRATOU$ MAQHTWN
TWI SUGGEGONEN0 KAI POLUXENWI TWN BRUSWNO$ TINI "ETAIRWN.
"O= DE SPANION 'EPI TOUTOI$, 'OUTE 'ACARI$ 'ESTIN 'ENTUCEIN
'OUTE KAKOHQEI 'EOIKEN0, 'ALLA= MALLON 'ELAFRO$ KAI 'EUHQH$
<P 360D>
DOXEIEN 'AN4 'EINAI. DEDIW$ DE LEGW0 TAUTA, "OTI4 "UPER 'ANQRWPOU
DOXAN 'APOFAINOMAI, 'OU FAULOU ZWIOU 'ALL' 'EUMETABOLOU,
PLHN PANU 'OLIGWN TINWN KAI 'EI$ 'OLIGA; 'EPEI KAI PERI=
TOUTOU FOBOUMENO$ KAI 'APISTWN 'ESKOPOUN 'AUTO$ TE 'ENTUGCANWN
KAI 'EPUNQANOMHN TWN POLITWN 'AUTOU4, KAI 'OUDEI$ 'OUDEN
FLAURON 'ELEGEN TON 'ANDRA. SKOPEI5 DE-KAI 'AUTO$ KAI 'EULABOU.
MALISTA MEN-'OUN, 'AN2 KAI "OPWSTIOUN SCOLAZHI$,
<P 360E>
MANQANE PAR' 'AUTOU4 KAI 'TALLA FILOSOFEI5; 'EI DE MH, 'EKDIDAXAI2
TINA "INA KATA SCOLHN MANQANWN BELTIWN GIGNHI3 KAI
'EUDOXHI$, "OPW$ TO DI' 'EME 'WFELEISQAI SOI4 MH 'ANIHI5. KAI TAUTA
MEN-DH TAUTHI.


<P 361A>
PERI= DE "WN 'EPESTELLE$ MOI 'APOPEMPEIN SOI4, TON MEN
'APOLLW 'EPOIHSAMHN TE-KAI 'AGEI0 SOI4 LEPTINH$, NEOU KAI
'AGAQOU DHMIOURGOU; 'ONOMA D' 'ESTIN 'AUTWI LEWCARH$. "ETERON
DE PAR' 'AUTWI 'ERGON 'H*N PANU KOMYON, "W$ 'EDOKEI; 'EPRIAMHN
'OUN 'AUTO BOULOMENO$ SOU4 THI GUNAIKI DOUNAI, "OTI4 MOU 'EPEMELEITO
KAI "UGIAINONTO$ KAI 'ASQENOUNTO$ 'AXIW$ 'EMOU4 TE-KAI
SOU4. DO$ 'OUN 'AUTHI, 'AN2 MH TI SOI4 'ALLO DOXHI6. PEMPW0 DE-KAI
'OINOU GLUKEO$ DWDEKA STAMNIA TOI$ PAISI KAI MELITO$ DUO.
<P 361B>
'ISCADWN DE "USTERON 'HLQOMEN TH$ 'APOQESEW$, TA DE MURTA
'APOTEQENTA KATESAPH; 'ALL' 'AUQI$ BELTION 'EPIMELHSOMEQA.
PERI= DE FUTWN LEPTINH$ SOI4 'EREI2.
'ARGURION D' 'EI$ TAUTA "ENEKA TE TOUTWN KAI 'EISFORWN
TINWN 'EI$ THN POLIN 'ELABON PARA LEPTINOU, LEGWN "A MOI
'EDOKEI 'EUSCHMONESTATA "HMIN 'EINAI KAI 'ALHQH LEGEIN, "OTI4
"HMETERON 'EIH "O= 'EI$ THN NAUN 'ANALWSAMEN THN LEUKADIAN,
SCEDON "EKKAIDEKA MNAI; TOUT' 'OUN 'ELABON, KAI LABWN 'AUTO$
<P 361C>
TE 'ECRHSAMHN KAI "UMIN TAUTA 'APEPEMYA. TO DH META TOUTO
PERI= CRHMATWN 'AKOUE "W$ SOI4 'ECEI0, PERI= TE TA SA= TA 'AQHNHSIN
KAI PERI= TA 'EMA. 'EGW TOI$ SOI$ CRHMASIN, "WSPER
TO=TE SOI4 'ELEGON, CRHSOMAI KAQAPER TOI$ TWN 'ALLWN 'EPITHDEIWN,
CRWMAI0 DE "W$ 'AN4 DUNWMAI 'OLIGISTOI$, "OSA 'ANAGKAI*A
'H= DI=KAIA 'H= 'EUSCHMONA 'EMOI4 TE DOKEI0 KAI PAR' "OU2 'AN4 LAMBANW3.
'EMOI4 DH TOIOUTON NU*N SUMBEBHKEN0. 'EISI MOI 'ADELFIDWN
<P 361D>
QUGATERE$ TWN 'APOQANOUSWN TO=TE "OT' 'EGW 'OUK 'ESTEFANOUMHN,
SU D' 'EKELEUE$, TETTARE$, "H MEN NU*N 'EPIGAMO$, "H DE 'OKTAETI$,
"H DE SMIKRON PRO$ TRISIN 'ETESIN, "H DE 'OUPW 'ENIAUSI=A. TAUTA$
'EKDOTEON 'EMOI4 'ESTIN KAI TOI$ 'EMOI$ 'EPITHDEIOI$, "AI$ 'AN4
'EGW 'EPIBIW3; "AI$ D' 'AN4 MH, CAIRONTWN2. KAI "WN 'AN4 GENWNTAI
"OI PATERE$ 'AUTWN 'EMOU4 PLOUSIWTEROI, 'OUK 'EKDOTEON; TA DE
NU*N 'AUTWN 'EGW 'EUPORWTATO$, KAI TA$ MHTERA$ DE 'AUTWN 'EGW
<P 361E>
'EXEDWKA KAI MET' 'ALLWN KAI META DIWNO$. "H MEN-'OUN
SPEUSIPPWI GAMEITAI2, 'ADELFH$ 'OUSA 'AUTWI QUGATHR. DEI0 DH
TAUTHI 'OUDEN PLEON 'H= TRIAKONTA MNWN; METRIAI GAR "AUTAI
"HMIN PROIKE$. 'ETI DE 'EA=N "H MHTHR TELEUTHSHI6 "H 'EMH, 'OUDEN
'AU PLEIONO$ 'H= DEKA MNWN DEOI 'AN4 'EI$ THN 'OIKODOMIAN TOU* TAFOU.
KAI PERI= TAUTA TA MEN 'EMA 'ANAGKAI*A SCEDON TI 'EN TW*I NU*N
TAUTA 'ESTIN; 'EA=N DE TI 'ALLO GIGNHTAI 'IDION 'H= DHMOSION
'ANALWMA DIA= THN PARA SE 'AFIXIN, "WSPER TO=TE 'ELEGON DEI
POIEIN, 'EME MEN DIAMACESQAI "OPW$ "W$ 'OLIGISTON GENHTAI TO


<P 362A>
'ANALWMA, "O= D' 'AN4 MH DUNWMAI, SHN 'EINAI THN DAPANHN.
TO DH META TAUTA LEGW0 PERI= TWN SWN 'AU CRHMATWN TWN
'AQHNHSIN TH$ 'ANALWSEW$, "OTI4 PRWTON MEN 'EA=N TI DEHI5 'EME
'ANALISKEIN 'EI$ CORHGIAN 'H= TI TOIOUTON, 'OUK 'ESTI SOI4 XENO$
'OUDEI$ "OSTI$ DWSEI2, "W$ 'WIOMEQA, 'EPEITA7 KAI 'AN2 TI SOI4 'AUTWI
DIAFERHI5 MEGA, "WSTE 'ANALWQEN MEN 'HDH 'ONHSAI0, MH 'ANALWQEN
DE-'ALL' 'EGCRONISQEN "EW$ 'AN4 TI$ PARA SOU4 'ELQHI6, BLAYAI0,
PRO$ TW*I CALEPWI TO TOIOUTON SOI4 'ESTIN KAI 'AISCRON. 'EGW
<P 362B>
GAR-DH TAUTA GE 'EXHTASA, PAR' 'ANDROMHDH TON 'AIGINHTHN
PEMYA$ 'ERASTON, PAR' "OU2 'EKELEUE$ TOU* "UMETEROU XENOU, 'EI
TI DEOIMHN, LAMBANEIN, BOULOMENO$ KAI 'A=LLA MEIZONA "A
'EPESTELLE$ PEMPEIN. "O DE 'EI*PEN 'EIKOTA KAI 'ANQRWPINA,
"OTI4 KAI PROTERON 'ANALWSA$ TW*I PATRI SOU4 MOLI$ KOMISAITO,
KAI NU*N SMIKRA MEN DOIH 'AN4, PLEIW DE 'OU=. "OUTW DH PARA
LEPTINOU 'ELABON; KAI TOUTO GE 'AXION 'EPAINESAI0 LEPTINHN,
'OUC "OTI4 'EDWKEN, 'ALL' "OTI4 PROQUMW$, KAI TA 'A=LLA PERI= SE
<P 362C>
KAI LEGWN KAI PRATTWN, "OTI4 "OIO$ T' 'H*N 'EPITHDEIO$, FANERO$
'H*N. CRH GAR-DH-KAI TA TOIAUTA KAI 'TANANTIA TOUTWN 'EME
'APAGGELLEIN, "OPOIO$ TI$ 'AN4 "EKASTO$ 'EMOI4 FAINHTAI PERI= SE.
TO D'-'OUN PERI= TWN CRHMATWN 'EGW SOI4 PARRHSIASOMAI; DIKAION
GAR, KAI "AMA 'EMPEIRW$ 'ECWN TWN PARA SOI4 LEGOIM' 'AN4. "OI
PROSAGGELLONTE$ "EKASTOTE SOI4, "OTI2 'AN4 'OIWNTAI 'ANALWMA
'EISAGGELLEIN, 'OUK 'EQELOUSIN0 PROSAGGELLEIN, "W$ DH 'APECQHSOMENOI;
<P 362D>
'EQIZE 'OUN 'AUTOU$ KAI 'ANAGKAZE FRAZEIN KAI TAUTA
KAI TA 'A=LLA; SE GAR DEI 'EIDENAI TE TA PANTA KATA DUNAMIN
KAI KRITHN 'EINAI KAI MH FEUGEIN TO 'EIDENAI. PANTWN GAR
'ARISTON SOI4 'ESTAI PRO$ THN 'ARCHN; TA GAR 'ANALWMATA
'ORQW$ 'ANALISKOMENA KAI 'ORQW$ 'APODIDOMENA PRO$ TE 'TALLA
KAI PRO$ 'AUTHN THN TWN CRHMATWN KTHSIN KAI SU DH FH=I$
'AGAQON 'EINAI KAI FHSEI$. MH-'OUN SE DIABALLONTWN2 PRO$
TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ "OI KHDESQAI SOU4 FASKONTE$; TOUTO GAR-'OUTE
'AGAQON 'OUTE KALON PRO$ DOXAN SOI4, DOKEIN DUSSUMBOLON
<P 362E>
'EINAI.
TA META TAUTA PERI= DIWNO$ LEGOIM' 'AN4. TA MEN 'A=LL'0
'OUPW 'ECW0 LEGEIN, PRIN 'AN4 PARA SOU4 'ELQWSIN "AI 'EPISTOLAI,
"WSPER 'EFH$; PERI= MENTOI 'EKEINWN "WN 'OUK 'EIA$ MEMNHSQAI
PRO$ 'AUTON, 'OUTE 'EMNHSQHN 'OUTE DIELECQHN, 'EXEPEIRWMHN DE-'EI=TE
CALEPW$ 'EI=TE "RA\DIW$ 'OISEI2 GIGNOMENWN, KAI MOI 'EDOKEI
'OUK 'HREMA 'AN4 'ACQESQAI 'EI GIGNOITO. TA DE 'A=LLA PERI= SE
KAI LOGWI KAI 'ERGWI METRIO$ MOI DOKEI0 'EINAI DIWN.


<P 363A>
KRATINWI TW*I TIMOQEOU MEN 'ADELFWI, 'EMWI D' "ETAIRWI, QWRAKA
DWRHSWMEQA "OPLITIKON TWN MALAKWN TWN PEZWN, KAI TAI$
KEBHTO$ QUGATRASI CITWNIA TRIA "EPTAPHCH, MH TWN POLUTELWN
TWN 'AMORGINWN, 'ALLA= TWN SIKELIKWN TWN LINWN.
'EPIEIKW$ DE GIGNWSKEI$ 'TOUNOMA KEBHTO$; GEGRAMMENO$ GAR
'ESTIN 'EN TOI$ SWKRATEIOI$ LOGOI$ META SIMMIOU SWKRATEI
DIALEGOMENO$ 'EN TW*I PERI= YUCH$ LOGWI 'ANHR PASIN "HMIN
'OIKEIO$ TE-KAI 'EUNOU$.
<P 363B>
PERI= DE-DH TOU* SUMBOLOU TOU* PERI= TA$ 'EPISTOLA$, "OSA$
TE 'AN4 'EPISTELLW3 SPOUDHI KAI "OSA$ 'AN4 MH, 'OIMAI MEN SE
MEMNHSQAI, "OMW$ D' 'ENNOEI5 KAI PANU PROSECE TON NOUN;
POLLOI GAR "OI KELEUONTE$ GRAFEIN, "OU$ 'OU "RA\DION FANERW$
DIWQEISQAI. TH$ MEN-GAR SPOUDAIA$ 'EPISTOLH$ QEO$ 'ARCEI0,
QEOI DE TH$ "HTTON.
"OI PRESBEI$ KAI 'EDEONTO 'EPISTELLEIN SOI4, KAI 'EIKO$;
PANU GAR PROQUMW$ SE PANTACOU KAI 'EME 'EGKWMIAZOUSIN0,
KAI 'OUC "HKISTA FILAGRO$, "O$4 TO=TE THN CEIRA 'HSQENEI. KAI
<P 363C>
FILAIDH$ PARA BASILEW$ "HKWN TOU* MEGALOU 'ELEGEN PERI=
SOU4; 'EI DE MH PANU MAKRA$ 'EPISTOLH$ 'H*N, 'EGRAYA 'AN4 "A
'ELEGEN, NU*N DE LEPTINOU PUNQANOU.
'AN2 TON QWRAKA 'H= 'ALLO TI "WN 'EPISTELLW0 PEMPHI$, 'AN2
MEN 'AUTO$ TWI BOULHI3, 'EI DE MH, THRILLWI DO$; 'ESTI DE TWN 'AEI
PLEONTWN0, "HMETERO$ 'EPITHDEIO$ KAI TA 'A=LLA KAI PERI= FILOSOFIAN
CARIEI$. TEISWNO$ D' 'ESTIN KHDESTH$, "O$4 TO=TE "OQ'
"HMEI$ 'APEPLEOMEN 'EPOLIANOMEI.
'ERRWSO KAI FILOSOFEI5 KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ PROTREPOU TOU$
<P 363D>
NEWTEROU$, KAI TOU$ SUSFAIRISTA$ 'ASPAZOU "UPER 'EMOU4, KAI
PROSTATTE TOI$ TE 'ALLOI$ KAI 'ARISTOKRITWI, 'EA=N TI$ PAR'
'EMOU4 LOGO$ 'H= 'EPISTOLH 'IHI5 PARA SE, 'EPIMELEISQAI "OPW$ "W$
TACISTA SU 'AISQHI4, KAI "UPOMIMNHISKEIN SE "INA 'EPIMELHI3 TWN
'EPISTALENTWN5. KAI NU*N LEPTINHI TH$ 'APODOSEW$ TOU* 'ARGURIOU
MH 'AMELHSHI$, 'ALL' "W$ TACISTA 'APODO$, "INA KAI "OI 'ALLOI
PRO$ TOUTON "ORWNTE$ PROQUMOTEROI 'WSIN "HMIN "UPHRETEIN.
<P 363E>
'IATROKLH$, "O META MURWNIDOU TO=TE 'ELEUQERO$ 'AFEQEI$ "UP'
'EMOU4, PLEI0 NU*N META TWN PEMPOMENWN PAR' 'EMOU4; 'EMMISQON
'OUN-POU 'AUTON KATASTHSON2 "W$ 'ONTA SOI4 'EUNOUN, KAI 'AN2 TI
BOULHI3, 'AUTWI CRWI. KAI THN 'EPISTOLHN 'H= 'AUTHN 'H= "UPOMNHMA
'AUTH$ SWIZE TE-KAI "O 'AUTO$ 'ISQI.


<B ALKPR>


<P 103A>
SW _ 'W* PAI KLEINIOU, 'OIMAI SE QAUMAZEIN "OTI4 PRWTO$
'ERASTH$ SOU4 GENOMENO$ TWN 'ALLWN PEPAUMENWN MONO$ 'OUK
'APALLATTOMAI, KAI "OTI4 "OI MEN 'ALLOI DI' 'OCLOU 'EGENONTO SOI4
DIALEGOMENOI, 'EGW DE TOSOUTWN 'ETWN 'OUDE PROSEIPON. TOUTOU
DE TO 'AITION GEGONEN0 'OUK 'ANQRWPEION, 'ALLA= TI DAIMONION
'ENANTIWMA, "OU SU THN DUNAMIN KAI "USTERON PEUSHI. NU*N DE
<P 103B>
'EPEIDH 'OUKETI 'ENANTIOUTAI, "OUTW PROSELHLUQA; 'EUELPI$ D'
'EIMI KAI TO LOIPON MH 'ENANTIWSESQAI 'AUTO. SCEDON 'OUN
KATANENOHKA 'EN TOUTWI TW*I CRONWI SKOPOUMENO$ "W$ PRO$ TOU$
'ERASTA$ 'ESCE$; POLLWN GAR GENOMENWN KAI MEGALOFRONWN
'OUDEI$ "O$ 'OUC "UPERBLHQEI$ TW*I FRONHMATI "UPO SOU4 PEFEUGEN0.


<P 104A>
TON DE LOGON, "WI "UPERPEFRONHKA$, 'EQELW0 DIELQEIN. 'OUDENO$
FH=I$ 'ANQRWPWN 'ENDEH$ 'EINAI 'EI$ 'OUDEN; TA GAR "UPARCONTA
SOI4 MEGALA 'EINAI, "WSTE MHDENO$ DEISQAI, 'APO TOU* SWMATO$
'ARXAMENA TELEUTWNTA 'EI$ THN YUCHN. 'OIEI GAR-DH 'EINAI
PRWTON MEN KALLISTO$ TE-KAI MEGISTO$ % KAI TOUTO MEN-DH
PANTI DHLON 'IDEIN "OTI4 'OU YEUDHI0 % 'EPEITA NEANIKWTATOU GENOU$
'EN THI SEAUTOU POLEI, 'OUSHI MEGISTHI TWN "ELLHNIDWN, KAI
<P 104B>
'ENTAUQA PRO$ PATRO$ TE SOI4 FILOU$ KAI SUGGENEI$ PLEISTOU$
'EINAI KAI 'ARISTOU$, "OI= 'EI TI DEOI "UPHRETOIEN 'AN4 SOI4, TOUTWN
DE TOU$ PRO$ MHTRO$ 'OUDEN CEIROU$ 'OUD' 'ELATTOU$. SUMPANTWN
DE "WN 'EIPON MEIZW 'OIEI SOI4 DUNAMIN "UPARCEIN PERIKLEA TON
XANQIPPOU, "ON "O PATHR 'EPITROPON KATELIPE SOI4 TE-KAI TW*I
'ADELFWI; "O$ 'OU MONON 'EN THIDE THI POLEI DUNATAI PRATTEIN "OTI2
'AN4 BOULHTAI, 'ALL' 'EN PASHI THI "ELLADI KAI TWN BARBARWN
'EN POLLOI$ KAI MEGALOI$ GENESIN. PROSQHSW DE-KAI "OTI4 TWN
<P 104C>
PLOUSIWN; DOKEI$ DE MOI 'EPI TOUTWI "HKISTA MEGA FRONEIN.
KATA PANTA DH TAUTA SU TE MEGALAUCOUMENO$ KEKRATHKA$ TWN
'ERASTWN 'EKEINOI TE "UPODEESTEROI 'ONTE$ 'EKRATHQHSAN, KAI SE
TAUT' 'OU LELHQEN0; "OQEN DH 'EU 'OIDA "OTI4 QAUMAZEI$ TI= DIANOOUMENO$
POTE 'OUK 'APALLATTOMAI TOU* 'ERWTO$, KAI "HNTIN' 'ECWN
'ELPIDA "UPOMENW0 TWN 'ALLWN PEFEUGOTWN.
AL _ KAI 'ISW$ GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUK 'OISQ' "OTI4 SMIKRON
<P 104D>
ME 'EFQH$. 'EGW GAR-TOI 'EN NWI 'EICON PROTERO$ SOI4 PROSELQWN
'AUTA TAUT' 'ERESQAI, TI= POTE BOULEI KAI 'EI$ TI=NA 'ELPIDA BLEPWN
'ENOCLEI$ ME, 'AEI "OPOU 'AN4 'W*2 'EPIMELESTATA PARWN; TW*I-'ONTI
GAR QAUMAZW0 "OTI2 POT' 'ESTI TO SON PRAGMA, KAI "HDIST' 'AN4
PUQOIMHN.
SW _ 'AKOUSHI2 MEN-'A=RA MOU, "W$ TO 'EIKO$, PROQUMW$, 'EIPER,
"W$ FH=I$, 'EPIQUMEI$ 'EIDENAI TI= DIANOOUMAI, KAI "W$ 'AKOUSOMENWI
KAI PERIMENOUNTI LEGW0.
AL _ PANU MEN-'OUN; 'ALLA= LEGE.
<P 104E>
SW _ "ORA DH; 'OU-GAR-TOI 'EIH 'AN4 QAUMASTON 'EI, "WSPER
MOGI$ 'HRXAMHN "OUTW MOGI$ KAI PAUSAIMHN.
AL _ 'WGAQE LEGE; 'AKOUSOMAI GAR.
SW _ LEKTEON 'AN4 'EIH. CALEPON MEN-'OUN PRO$ 'ANDRA 'OUC
"HTTONA 'ERASTWN PROSFERESQAI 'ERASTHI, "OMW$ DE TOLMHTEON
FRASAI0 THN 'EMHN DIANOIAN. 'EGW GAR, 'W* 'ALKIBIADH, 'EI MEN
SE "EWRWN "A NUNDH DIHLQON 'AGAPWNTA KAI 'OIOMENON DEIN 'EN
TOUTOI$ KATABIWNAI0, PALAI 'AN4 'APHLLAGMHN TOU* 'ERWTO$, "W$


<P 105A>
GE-DH 'EMAUTON PEIQW0; NU*N D' "E=TER' 'AU KATHGORHSW2 DIANOHMATA
SA PRO$ 'AUTON SE, "WI KAI GNWSHI2 "OTI4 PROSECWN GE SOI4
TON NOUN DIATETELEKA. DOKEI$ GAR MOI, 'EI TI$ SOI4 'EIPOI QEWN;
'W* 'ALKIBIADH, POTERON BOULEI ZHN 'ECWN "A NU*N 'ECEI$, 'H=
'AUTIKA TEQNANAI 'EI MH SOI4 'EXESTAI MEIZW KTHSASQAI:
DOKEI$ 'AN4 MOI "ELESQAI TEQNANAI; 'ALLA= NU*N 'EPI TI=NI DH POTE
'ELPIDI ZHI$0, 'EGW FRASW2. "HGHI0, 'EA=N QATTON 'EI$ TON 'AQHNAIWN
<P 105B>
DHMON PARELQHI$ % TOUTO D' 'ESESQAI MALA 'OLIGWN "HMERWN %
PARELQWN 'OUN 'ENDEIXESQAI 'AQHNAIOI$ "OTI4 'AXIO$ 'EI* TIMASQAI
"W$ 'OUTE PERIKLH$ 'OUT' 'ALLO$ 'OUDEI$ TWN PWPOTE GENOMENWN,
KAI TOUT' 'ENDEIXAMENO$ MEGISTON DUNHSESQAI 'EN THI POLEI, 'EA=N
D' 'ENQADE MEGISTO$ 'HI$, KAI 'EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$ "ELLHSI, KAI 'OU
MONON 'EN "ELLHSIN, 'ALLA=-KAI 'EN TOI$ BARBAROI$, "OSOI 'EN THI
'AUTHI "HMIN 'OIKOUSIN0 'HPEIRWI. KAI 'EI 'AU SOI4 'EIPOI "O 'AUTO$
"OUTO$ QEO$ "OTI4 'AUTOU2 SE DEI DUNASTEUEIN 'EN THI 'EURWPHI,
<P 105C>
DIABHNAI0 DE 'EI$ THN 'ASIAN 'OUK 'EXESTAI SOI4 'OUDE 'EPIQESQAI
TOI$ 'EKEI PRAGMASIN, 'OUK 'AN4 'AU MOI DOKEI$ 'EQELEIN 'OUD' 'EPI
TOUTOI$ MONOI$ ZHN, 'EI MH 'EMPLHSEI$ TOU* SOU2 'ONOMATO$ KAI
TH$ SH$ DUNAMEW$ PANTA$ "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN 'ANQRWPOU$; KAI
'OIMAI SE PLHN KUROU KAI XERXOU "HGEISQAI 'OUDENA 'AXION
LOGOU GEGONENAI. "OTI4 MEN-'OUN 'ECEI$ TAUTHN THN 'ELPIDA, 'EU
'OIDA KAI 'OUK 'EIKAZW0. 'ISW$ 'AN4 'OUN 'EIPOI$, "ATE 'EIDW$ "OTI4
'ALHQH LEGW0, TI= DH-'OUN, 'W* SWKRATE$, TOUT' 'ESTI SOI4 PRO$
<P 105D>
LOGON: "ON8 'EFHSQA8 'EREIN82, DIO8 'EMOU84 'OUK8 'APALLATTHI80: 'EGW DE
SOI4 GE 'ERW2, 'W* FILE PAI KLEINIOU KAI DEINOMACH$. TOUTWN
GAR SOI4 "APANTWN TWN DIANOHMATWN TELO$ 'EPITEQHNAI 'ANEU
'EMOU4 'ADUNATON; TOSAUTHN 'EGW DUNAMIN 'OIMAI 'ECEIN 'EI$ TA SA
PRAGMATA KAI 'EI$ SE, DIO DH-KAI PALAI 'OIOMAI ME TON QEON
'OUK 'EA*N DIALEGESQAI SOI4, "ON 'EGW PERIEMENON "OPHNIKA 'EASEI2.
"WSPER GAR SU 'ELPIDA$ 'ECEI$ 'EN THI POLEI 'ENDEIXASQAI "OTI4
<P 105E>
'AUTHI PANTO$ 'AXIO$ 'EI*, 'ENDEIXAMENO$ DE "OTI84 'OUDEN "OTI2 'OU
PARAUTIKA DUNHSESQAI, "OUTW 'KAGW PARA SOI4 'ELPIZW0 MEGISTON
DUNHSESQAI 'ENDEIXAMENO$ "OTI4 PANTO$ 'AXIO$ 'EIMI SOI4 KAI-'OUTE
'EPITROPO$ 'OUTE SUGGENH$ 'OUT' 'ALLO$ 'OUDEI$ "IKANO$ PARADOUNAI0
THN DUNAMIN "H$ 'EPIQUMEI$ PLHN 'EMOU4, META TOU* QEOU MENTOI.
NEWTERWI MEN-'OUN 'ONTI SOI4 KAI PRIN TOSAUTH$ 'ELPIDO$ GEMEIN,
"W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0, 'OUK 'EIA "O QEO$ DIALEGESQAI, "INA MH MATHN


<P 106A>
DIALEGOIMHN. NU*N D' 'EFHKEN; NU*N GAR 'AN4 MOU 'AKOUSAI$.
AL _ POLU GE MOI, 'W* SWKRATE$, NU*N 'ATOPWTERO$ 'AU FAINHI0,
'EPEIDH 'HRXW LEGEIN, 'H= "OTE SIGWN "EIPOU; KAITOI SFO=DRA GE
'HSQ' 'IDEIN KAI TO=TE TOIOUTO$. 'EI MEN-'OUN 'EGW TAUTA DIANOOUMAI
'H= MH, "W$ 'EOIKE0, DIEGNWKA$, KAI 'EA=N MH FW, 'OUDEN
MOI 'ESTAI PLEON PRO$ TO PEIQEIN SE. 'EIEN; 'EI DE-DH "OTI2
MALISTA TAUTA DIANENOHMAI, PW*$ DIA= SOU4 MOI 'ESTAI KAI 'ANEU
SOU4 'OUK 'AN4 GENOITO: 'ECEI$ LEGEIN:
<P 106B>
SW _ 'A*R' 'ERWTA*I$0 'EI TIN' 'ECW0 'EIPEIN LOGON MAKRON, "OIOU$
DH 'AKOUEIN 'EIQISAI: 'OU-GAR 'ESTI TOIOUTON TO 'EMON; 'ALL'
'ENDEIXASQAI MEN SOI4, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, "OIO$-T' 'AN4 'EIHN "OTI4 TAUTA
"OUTW$ 'ECEI0, 'EA=N "EN MONON MOI 'EQELHSHI$ BRACU "UPHRETHSAI0.
AL _ 'ALL' 'EI GE-DH MH CALEPON TI LEGEI$ TO "UPHRETHMA,
'EQELW0.
SW _ 'H* CALEPON DOKEI0 TO 'APOKRINASQAI TA 'ERWTWMENA:
AL _ 'OU CALEPON.
SW _ 'APOKRINOU DH.
AL _ 'ERWTA.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "W$ DIANOOUMENOU SOU4 TAUTA 'ERWTW0, "A FHMI SE
<P 106C>
DIANOEISQAI:
AL _ 'ESTW, 'EI BOULEI, "OUTW$, "INA KAI 'EIDW "OTI2 KAI
'EREI$2.
SW _ FERE DH; DIANOHI0 GAR, "W$ 'EGW FHMI, PARIENAI SUMBOULEUSWN
'AQHNAIOI$ 'ENTO$ 'OU POLLOU CRONOU; 'EI 'OUN MELLONTO$
SOU4 'IENAI 'EPI TO BHMA LABOMENO$ 'EROIMHN; 'W* 'ALKIBIADH,
'EPEIDH PERI= TI=NO$ 'AQHNAIOI DIANOOUNTAI BOULEUESQAI, 'ANISTASAI
SUMBOULEUSWN: 'A*R' 'EPEIDH PERI= "WN SU 'EPISTASAI
BELTION 'H= "OUTOI: TI= 'AN4 'APOKRINAIO:
<P 106D>
AL _ 'EIPOIM' 'AN4 DHPOU, PERI= "WN 'OIDA BELTION 'H= "OUTOI.
SW _ PERI= "WN 'A=R' 'EIDW$ TUGCANEI$, 'AGAQO$ SUMBOULO$ 'EI*.
AL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TAUTA MONON 'OISQA, "A PAR' 'ALLWN 'EMAQE$ 'H=
'AUTO$ 'EXHURE$:
AL _ POI*A GAR 'A=LLA:
SW _ 'ESTIN 'OUN "OPW$ 'AN4 POTE 'EMAQE$ TI 'H= 'EXHURE$ MHTE
MANQANEIN 'EQELWN MHT' 'AUTO$ ZHTEIN:
AL _ 'OUK 'ESTIN.
SW _ TI= DE: 'HQELHSA$ 'AN4 ZHTHSAI0 'H= MAQEIN "A 'EPISTASQAI
'WIOU:
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
<P 106E>
SW _ "A 'A=RA NU*N TUGCANEI$ 'EPISTAMENO$, 'H*N CRONO$ "OTE 'OUC
"HGOU 'EIDENAI:
AL _ 'ANAGKH.
SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN "A GE MEMAQHKA$ SCEDON TI KAI 'EGW 'OIDA;
'EI DE TI 'EME LELHQEN0, 'EIPE=. 'EMAQE$ GAR-DH SU GE KATA
MNHMHN THN 'EMHN GRAMMATA KAI KIQARIZEIN KAI PALAIEIN; 'OU-GAR-DH
'AULEIN GE 'HQELE$ MAQEIN. TAUT' 'ESTIN "A SU 'EPISTASAI,
'EI MH POU TI MANQANWN 'EME LELHQA$; 'OIMAI DE-GE, 'OUTE
NUKTWR 'OUTE MEQ' "HMERAN 'EXIWN 'ENDOQEN.
AL _ 'ALL' 'OU PEFOITHKA 'EI$ 'ALLWN 'H= TOUTWN.


<P 107A>
SW _ POTERON 'OUN, "OTAN PERI= GRAMMATWN 'AQHNAIOI BOULEUWNTAI,
PW*$ 'AN4 'ORQW$ GRAFOIEN, TO=TE 'ANASTHSHI2 'AUTOI$
SUMBOULEUSWN:
AL _ MA DI=' 'OUK 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'ALL' "OTAN PERI= KROUMATWN 'EN LURA\:
AL _ 'OUDAMW$.
SW _ 'OUDE-MHN-'OUDE PERI= PALAISMATWN GE 'EIWQASI
BOULEUESQAI 'EN THI 'EKKLHSIA\.
AL _ 'OU-MENTOI.
SW _ "OTAN 'OUN PERI= TI=NO$ BOULEUWNTAI: 'OU-GAR-POU "OTAN
GE PERI= 'OIKODOMIA$.
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ 'OIKODOMO$ GAR TAUTA GE SOU4 BELTION SUMBOULEUSEI2.
<P 107B>
AL ^ NAI.
SW _ 'OUDE-MHN "OTAN PERI= MANTIKH$ BOULEUWNTAI:
AL _ 'OU=.
SW _ MANTI$ GAR 'AU TAUTA 'AMEINON 'H= SU.
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'EA=N TE-GE SMIKRO$ 'H= MEGA$ 'HI, 'EA=N TE KALO$ 'H=
'AISCRO$, 'ETI TE GENNAIO$ 'H= 'AGENNH$.
AL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ 'EIDOTO$ GAR 'OIMAI PERI= "EKASTOU "H SUMBOULH, KAI 'OU
PLOUTOUNTO$.
AL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ 'ALL' 'EANTE PENH$ 'EANTE PLOUSIO$ 'HI "O PARAINWN,
'OUDEN DIOISEI2 'AQHNAIOI$ "OTAN PERI= TWN 'EN THI POLEI BOULEUWNTAI,
<P 107C>
PW*$ 'AN4 "UGIAINOIEN, 'ALLA= ZHTHSOUSIN2 'IATRON 'EINAI
TON SUMBOULON.
AL _ 'EIKOTW$ GE.
SW _ "OTAN 'OUN PERI= TI=NO$ SKOPWNTAI, TO=TE SU 'ANISTAMENO$
"W$ SUMBOULEUSWN 'ORQW$ 'ANASTHSHI2:
AL _ "OTAN PERI= TWN "EAUTWN PRAGMATWN, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ TWN PERI= NAUPHGIA$ LEGEI$, "OPOIA$ TINA$ CRH 'AUTOU$
TA$ NAU$ NAUPHGEISQAI:
AL _ 'OUK 'EGWGE, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ NAUPHGEIN GAR 'OIMAI 'OUK 'EPISTASAI. TOUT' 'AITION
'H= 'ALLO TI:
AL _ 'OU=K, 'ALLA= TOUTO.
<P 107D>
SW _ 'ALLA= PERI= POI=WN TWN "EAUTWN LEGEI$ PRAGMATWN
"OTAN BOULEUWNTAI:
AL _ "OTAN PERI= POLEMOU, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'H= PERI= 'EIRHNH$ 'H=
'ALLOU TOU TWN TH$ POLEW$ PRAGMATWN.
SW _ 'A*RA LEGEI$ "OTAN BOULEUWNTAI PRO$ TI=NA$ CRH 'EIRHNHN
POIEISQAI KAI TI=SIN POLEMEIN KAI TI=NA TROPON:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ CRH D' 'OUC "OI$ BELTION:
AL _ NAI.
<P 107E>
SW _ KAI TO=Q' "OPOTE BELTION:
AL _ PANU GE.
SW _ KAI TOSOUTON CRONON "OSON 'AMEINON:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'EI 'OUN BOULEUOINTO 'AQHNAIOI TI=SIN CRH PROSPALAIEIN
KAI TI=SIN 'AKROCEIRIZESQAI KAI TI=NA TROPON, SU 'AMEINON
'AN4 SUMBOULEUOI$ 'H= "O PAIDOTRIBH$:
AL _ "O PAIDOTRIBH$ DHPOU.
SW _ 'ECEI$ 'OUN 'EIPEIN PRO$ TI= 'AN74 BLEPWN "O PAIDOTRIBH$
SUMBOULEUSEIEN "OI$ DEI PROSPALAIEIN KAI "OI$ MH, KAI "OPOTE
KAI "ONTINA TROPON: LEGW0 DE TO TOIONDE; 'A*RA TOUTOI$ DEI
PROSPALAIEIN "OI$ BELTION, 'H= 'OU=:
AL _ NAI.


<P 108A>
SW _ 'A*RA-KAI TOSAUTA "OSA 'AMEINON:
AL _ TOSAUTA.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TO=TE "OTE 'AMEINON:
AL _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN-KAI 'A\DONTA DEI KIQARIZEIN POTE PRO$ THN
'WIDHN KAI BAINEIN:
AL _ DEI GAR.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TO=TE "OPOTE BELTION:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ KAI TOSAUQ' "OSA BELTION:
AL _ FHMI.
SW _ TI= 'OUN: 'EPEIDH BELTION MEN 'WNOMAZE$ 'EP' 'AMFOTEROI$,
<P 108B>
TW*I TE KIQARIZEIN PRO$ THN 'WIDHN KAI TW*I PROSPALAIEIN,
TI= KALEI$0 TO 'EN TW*I KIQARIZEIN BELTION, "WSPER 'EGW TO 'EN TW*I
PALAIEIN KALW0 GUMNASTIKON; SU D' 'EKEINO TI= KALEI$0:
AL _ 'OUK 'ENNOW0.
SW _ 'ALLA= PEIRW5 'EME MIMEISQAI. 'EGW GAR-POU 'APEKRINAMHN
TO DIA= PANTO$ 'ORQW$ 'ECON, 'ORQW$ DE-DHPOU 'ECEI0 TO
KATA THN TECNHN GIGNOMENON; 'H= 'OU=:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ "H DE TECNH 'OU GUMNASTIKH 'H*N:
AL _ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
<P 108C>
SW _ 'EGW D' 'EIPON TO 'EN TW*I PALAIEIN BELTION
GUMNASTIKON.
AL _ 'EIPE$ GAR.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N KALW$:
AL _ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW _ 'IQI DH-KAI SU % PREPOI GAR 'AN4 POU-KAI SOI4 TO KALW$
DIALEGESQAI % 'EIPE= PRWTON TI=$ "H TECNH "H$ TO KIQARIZEIN KAI
TO 'A\DEIN KAI TO 'EMBAINEIN 'ORQW$: SUNAPASA TI=$ KALEITAI0:
'OUPW DUNASAI 'EIPEIN:
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ 'ALL' "WDE PEIRW5; TI=NE$ "AI QEAI "WN "H TECNH:
AL _ TA$ MOUSA$, 'W* SWKRATE$, LEGEI$:
<P 108D>
SW _ 'EGWGE. "ORA DH; TI=NA 'AP' 'AUTWN 'EPWNUMIAN "H
TECNH 'ECEI0:
AL _ MOUSIKHN MOI DOKEI$ LEGEIN.
SW _ LEGW0 GAR. TI= 'OUN TO KATA TAUTHN 'ORQW$ GIGNOMENON
'ESTIN: "WSPER 'EKEI 'EGW SOI4 TO KATA THN TECNHN 'ELEGON 'ORQW$,
THN GUMNASTIKHN, KAI SU DH-'OUN "OUTW$ 'ENTAUQA TI= FH=I$: PW*$
GIGNESQAI:
AL _ MOUSIKW$ MOI DOKEI0.
SW _ 'EU LEGEI$. 'IQI DH, KAI TO 'EN TW*I POLEMEIN BELTION
KAI TO 'EN TW*I 'EIRHNHN 'AGEIN, TOUTO TO BELTION TI=
<P 108E>
'ONOMAZEI$: "WSPER 'EKEI 'EF' "EKASTWI 'ELEGE$ TO 'AMEINON, "OTI4
MOUSIKWTERON KAI 'EPI TW*I "ETERWI, "OTI4 GUMNASTIKWTERON;
PEIRW5 DH-KAI 'ENTAUQA LEGEIN TO BELTION.
AL _ 'ALL' 'OU PANU TI 'ECW0.
SW _ 'ALLA=-MENTOI 'AISCRON GE 'EI MEN TI$ SE LEGONTA
KAI SUMBOULEUONTA PERI= SITIWN "OTI4 BELTION TODE TOUDE KAI
NU*N KAI TOSOUTON, 'EPEITA 'ERWTHSEIEN TI= TO 'AMEINON LEGEI$,
'W* 'ALKIBIADH: PERI= MEN TOUTWN 'ECEIN 'EIPEIN "OTI4 TO "UGIEINOTERON,
KAITOI 'OU PROSPOIHI0 GE 'IATRO$ 'EINAI; PERI= DE "OU


<P 109A>
PROSPOIHI0 'EPISTHMWN 'EINAI KAI SUMBOULEUSEI$ 'ANISTAMENO$
"W$ 'EIDW$, TOUTOU D', "W$ 'EOIKA$, PE=RI 'ERWTHQEI$ 'EA=N MH
'ECHI$ 'EIPEIN, 'OUK 'AISCUNHI0: 'H= 'OUK 'AISCRON FANEITAI:
AL _ PANU GE.
SW _ SKOPEI5 DH-KAI PROQUMOU 'EIPEIN PRO$ TI= TEINEI0 TO
'EN TW*I 'EIRHNHN TE 'AGEIN 'AMEINON KAI TO 'EN TW*I POLEMEIN
"OI$ DEI:
AL _ 'ALLA= SKOPWN 'OU DUNAMAI 'ENNOHSAI0.
SW _ 'OUD' 'OISQA, 'EPEIDAN POLEMON POIWMEQA, "OTI2 'EGKALOUNTE$0
'ALLHLOI$ PAQHMA 'ERCOMEQA 'EI$ TO POLEMEIN, KAI
"OTI2 'AUTO 'ONOMAZONTE$ 'ERCOMEQA:
<P 109B>
AL _ 'EGWGE, "OTI4 GE 'EXAPATWMENOI TI 'H= BIAZOMENOI 'H=
'APOSTEROUMENOI.
SW _ 'ECE; PW*$ "EKASTA TOUTWN PASCONTE$: PEIRW5 'EIPEIN
TI= DIAFEREI0 TO "WDE 'H= "WDE.
AL _ 'H* TO "WDE LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$, TO DIKAIW$ 'H= TO
'ADIKW$:
SW _ 'AUTO TOUTO.
AL _ 'ALLA=-MHN TOUTO GE DIAFEREI0 "OLON TE-KAI PAN.
SW _ TI= 'OUN: 'AQHNAIOI$ SU PRO$ POTEROU$ SUMBOULEUSEI$
POLEMEIN, TOU$ 'ADIKOUNTA$ 'H= TOU$ TA DI=KAIA
PRATTONTA$:
<P 109C>
AL _ DEINON TOUTO GE 'ERWTA*I$0; 'EI GAR-KAI DIANOEITAI TI$
"W$ DEI PRO$ TOU$ TA DI=KAIA PRATTONTA$ POLEMEIN, 'OUK 'AN4
"OMOLOGHSEIEN GE.
SW _ 'OU-GAR NOMIMON TOUQ', "W$ 'EOIKEN0.
AL _ 'OU-DHTA; 'OUDE-GE KALON DOKEI0 'EINAI.
SW _ PRO$ TAUT' 'A=RA-KAI SU TO8 DIKAION8 TOU$ LOGOU$
POIHSHI2:
AL _ 'ANAGKH.
SW _ 'ALLO TI 'OUN, "O= NUNDH 'EGW 'HRWTWN BELTION PRO$
TO POLEMEIN KAI MH, KAI "OI$ DEI KAI "OI$ MH, KAI "OPOTE KAI
MH, TO DIKAIOTERON TUGCANEI0 'ON: 'H= 'OU=:
AL _ FAINETAI GE.
<P 109D>
SW _ PW*$ 'OUN, 'W* FILE 'ALKIBIADH: POTERON SAUTON
LELHQA$ "OTI4 'OUK 'EPISTASAI TOUTO, 'H= 'EME 'ELAQE$ MANQANWN
KAI FOITWN 'EI$ DIDASKALOU "O$ SE 'EDIDASKE DIAGIGNWSKEIN
TO DIKAIOTERON TE-KAI 'ADIKWTERON: KAI TI=$ 'ESTIN "OUTO$:
FRASON2 KAI 'EMOI4, "INA 'AUTWI FOITHTHN PROXENHSHI$ KAI 'EME.
AL _ SKWPTEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'OU MA TON FILION TON 'EMON TE-KAI SON, "ON 'EGW
"HKIST' 'AN4 'EPIORKHSAIMI; 'ALL' 'EIPER 'ECEI$, 'EIPE= TI=$ 'ESTIN.
<P 109E>
AL _ TI= D' 'EI MH 'ECW0: 'OUK 'AN4 'OIEI ME 'ALLW$ 'EIDENAI
PERI= TWN DIKAIWN KAI 'ADIKWN:
SW _ NAI, 'EI GE "EUROI$.
AL _ 'ALL' 'OUK 'AN4 "EUREIN ME "HGHI0:
SW _ KAI MALA GE, 'EI ZHTHSAI$.
AL _ 'EITA ZHTHSAI0 'OUK 'AN4 'OIEI ME:
SW _ 'EGWGE, 'EI 'OIHQEIH$ GE MH 'EIDENAI.
AL _ 'EITA 'OUK 'H*N "OT' 'EICON "OUTW:
SW _ KALW$ LEGEI$. 'ECEI$ 'OUN 'EIPEIN TOUTON TON CRONON


<P 110A>
"OTE 'OUK 'WIOU 'EIDENAI TA DI=KAIA KAI TA 'ADIKA: FERE, PERUSIN
'EZHTEI$ TE-KAI 'OUK 'WIOU 'EIDENAI: 'H= 'WIOU: KAI 'TALHQH
'APOKRINOU, "INA MH MATHN "OI DIALOGOI GIGNWNTAI.
AL _ 'ALL' 'WIMHN 'EIDENAI.
SW _ TRITON D' 'ETO$ KAI TETARTON KAI PEMPTON 'OUC
"OUTW$:
AL _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN TO GE PRO TOU* PAI$ 'HSQA. 'H*-GAR:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ TO=TE MEN-TOINUN 'EU 'OIDA "OTI4 'WIOU 'EIDENAI.
AL _ PW*$ 'EU 'OISQA:
<P 110B>
SW _ POLLAKI$ SOU4 'EN DIDASKALWN 'HKOUON PAIDO$ 'ONTO$
KAI 'ALLOQI, KAI "OPOTE 'ASTRAGALIZOI$ 'H= 'ALLHN TINA PAIDIAN
PAIZOI$, 'OUC "W$ 'APOROUNTO$ PERI= TWN DIKAIWN KAI 'ADIKWN,
'ALLA= MALA MEGA KAI QARRALEW$ LEGONTO$ PERI= "OTOU TUCOI$
TWN PAIDWN "W$ PONHRO$ TE-KAI 'ADIKO$ 'EIH KAI "W$ 'ADIKOI*;
'H= 'OUK 'ALHQH LEGW0:
AL _ 'ALLA= TI= 'EMELLON POIEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OPOTE TI$
ME 'ADIKOI*:
SW _ SU D' 'EI TUCOI$ 'AGNOWN 'EI=T' 'ADIKOIO 'EI=TE MH TO=TE,
LEGEI$, TI= SE CRH POIEIN:
<P 110C>
AL _ MA DI=' 'ALL' 'OUK 'HGNOOUN 'EGWGE, 'ALLA= SAFW$
'EGIGNWSKON "OTI4 'HDIKOUMHN.
SW _ 'WIOU 'A=RA 'EPISTASQAI KAI PAI$ 'WN, "W$ 'EOIKE0, TA
DI=KAIA KAI TA 'ADIKA.
AL _ 'EGWGE; KAI 'HPISTAMHN GE.
SW _ 'EN POI=WI CRONWI 'EXEURWN: 'OU-GAR-DHPOU 'EN "WI GE
'WIOU 'EIDENAI.
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ PO=TE 'OUN 'AGNOEIN "HGOU: SKOPEI5; 'OU-GAR "EURHSEI$
TOUTON TON CRONON.
AL _ MA TON DI=', 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OU=KOUN 'ECW0 G' 'EIPEIN.
<P 110D>
SW _ "EURWN MEN-'A=R' 'OUK 'OISQA 'AUTA.
AL _ 'OU PANU FAINOMAI.
SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN 'ARTI GE-'OUDE MAQWN 'EFHSQA 'EIDENAI;
'EI DE-MHQ' "HURE$ MHT' 'EMAQE$, PW*$ 'OISQA KAI PO=QEN:
AL _ 'ALL' 'ISW$ TOUTO SOI4 'OUK 'ORQW$ 'APEKRINAMHN, TO
FANAI0 'EIDENAI 'AUTO$ 'EXEURWN.
SW _ TO DE PW*$ 'EICEN:
AL _ 'EMAQON 'OIMAI KAI 'EGW "WSPER KAI "OI 'ALLOI.
SW _ PALIN 'EI$ TON 'AUTON "HKOMEN LOGON. PARA TOU*2:
FRAZE 'KAMOI4.
<P 110E>
AL _ PARA TWN POLLWN.
SW _ 'OUK 'EI$ SPOUDAIOU$ GE DIDASKALOU$ KATAFEUGEI$
'EI$ TOU$ POLLOU$ 'ANAFERWN.
AL _ TI= DE: 'OUC "IKANOI DIDAXAI0 "OUTOI:
SW _ 'OU=KOUN TA PETTEUTIKA GE-KAI TA MH; KAITOI
FAULO=TERA 'AUTA 'OIMAI TWN DIKAIWN 'EINAI. TI= DE: SU 'OUC
"OUTW$ 'OIEI:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'EITA TA MEN FAULO=TERA 'OUC "OIOI-TE DIDASKEIN, TA
DE SPOUDAIO=TERA:
AL _ 'OIMAI 'EGWGE; 'A=LLA GOUN POLLA "OIOI-T'-'EISIN DIDASKEIN
SPOUDAIO=TERA TOU* PETTEUEIN.
SW _ POI*A TAUTA:


<P 111A>
AL _ "OION KAI TO "ELLHNIZEIN PARA TOUTWN 'EGWG' 'EMAQON,
KAI 'OUK 'AN4 'ECOIMI 'EIPEIN 'EMAUTOU DIDASKALON, 'ALL' 'EI$
TOU$ 'AUTOU$ 'ANAFERW0 "OU$ SU FH=I$ 'OU SPOUDAIOU$ 'EINAI
DIDASKALOU$.
SW _ 'ALL', 'W* GENNAIE, TOUTOU MEN 'AGAQOI DIDASKALOI "OI
POLLOI, KAI DIKAIW$ 'EPAINOINT' 'AN4 'AUTWN 'EI$ DIDASKALIAN.
AL _ TI= DH:
SW _ "OTI4 'ECOUSI0 PERI= 'AUTA "A CRH TOU$ 'AGAQOU$ DIDASKALOU$
'ECEIN.
AL _ TI= TOUTO LEGEI$:
SW _ 'OUK 'OISQ' "OTI4 CRH TOU$ MELLONTA$ DIDASKEIN "OTIOUN
<P 111B>
'AUTOU$ PRWTON 'EIDENAI: 'H= 'OU=:
AL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TOU$ 'EIDOTA$ "OMOLOGEIN TE 'ALLHLOI$ KAI
MH DIAFERESQAI:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'EN "OI$ D' 'AN4 DIAFERWNTAI, TAUTA FHSEI$ 'EIDENAI
'AUTOU$:
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ TOUTWN 'OUN DIDASKALOI PW*$ 'AN4 'EIEN:
AL _ 'OUDAMW$.
SW _ TI= 'OUN: DOKOUSI0 SOI4 DIAFERESQAI "OI POLLOI POI*ON
'ESTI LIQO$ 'H= XULON: KAI 'EA=N TINA 'ERWTA*I$2, 'A*R' 'OU TA 'AUTA
<P 111C>
"OMOLOGOUSIN0, KAI 'EPI 'TAUTA "ORMWSIN0 "OTAN BOULWNTAI LABEIN
LIQON 'H= XULON: "WSAUTW$ KAI PANQ' "OSA TOIAUTA; SCEDON
GAR TI MANQANW0 TO "ELLHNIZEIN 'EPISTASQAI "OTI4 TOUTO LEGEI$;
'H= 'OU=:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EI$ MEN TAUQ', "WSPER 'EIPOMEN, 'ALLHLOI$ TE
"OMOLOGOUSI0 KAI 'AUTOI "EAUTOI$ 'IDIA\, KAI DHMOSIA\ "AI POLEI$
PRO$ 'ALLHLA$ 'OUK 'AMFISBHTOUSIN0 "AI MEN TAUQ' "AI D' 'A=LLA
FASKOUSAI:
AL _ 'OU-GAR.
SW _ 'EIKOTW$ 'AN4 'A=RA TOUTWN GE-KAI DIDASKALOI 'EIEN
'AGAQOI.
<P 111D>
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EI MEN BOULOIMEQA POIHSAI0 TINA PERI= 'AUTWN
'EIDENAI, 'ORQW$ 'AN4 'AUTON PEMPOIMEN 'EI$ DIDASKALIAN TOUTWN
TWN POLLWN:
AL _ PANU GE.
SW _ TI= D' 'EI BOULHQEIMEN 'EIDENAI, MH MONON POI*OI
'ANQRWPOI 'EISIN 'H= POI*OI "IPPOI, 'ALLA=-KAI TI=NE$ 'AUTWN
DROMIKOI TE-KAI MH, 'A*R' 'ETI "OI POLLOI TOUTO "IKANOI
DIDAXAI0:
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ "IKANON DE SOI4 TEKMHRION "OTI4 'OUK 'EPISTANTAI 'OUDE
<P 111E>
KRHGUOI DIDASKALOI 'EISIN TOUTWN, 'EPEIDH 'OUDEN "OMOLOGOUSIN0
"EAUTOI$ PERI= 'AUTWN:
AL _ 'EMOIGE.
SW _ TI= D' 'EI BOULHQEIMEN 'EIDENAI, MH MONON POI*OI
'ANQRWPOI 'EISIN, 'ALL' "OPOIOI "UGIEINOI 'H= NOSWDEI$, 'A*R' "IKANOI
'AN4 "HMIN 'HSAN DIDASKALOI "OI POLLOI:
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ 'H*N D' 'AN4 SOI4 TEKMHRION "OTI4 MOCQHROI 'EISI TOUTWN
DIDASKALOI, 'EI "EWRA$ 'AUTOU$ DIAFEROMENOU$:
AL _ 'EMOIGE.
SW _ TI= DE-DH: NU*N PERI= TWN DIKAIWN KAI 'ADIKWN 'ANQRWPWN


<P 112A>
KAI PRAGMATWN "OI POLLOI DOKOUSI0 SOI4 "OMOLOGEIN 'AUTOI
"EAUTOI$ 'H= 'ALLHLOI$:
AL _ "HKISTA NH DI=', 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ TI= DE: MALISTA PERI= 'AUTWN DIAFERESQAI:
AL _ POLU GE.
SW _ 'OU=KOUN 'OIOMAI GE PWPOTE SE 'IDEIN 'OUD' 'AKOUSAI0
SFO=DRA "OUTW DIAFEROMENOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ PERI= "UGIEINWN KAI
MH, "WSTE DIA= TAUTA MACESQAI TE-KAI 'APOKTEINUNAI 'ALLHLOU$.
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ 'ALLA= PERI= TWN DIKAIWN KAI 'ADIKWN 'EGWG' 'OID' "OTI4
<P 112B>
KAI 'EI MH "EWRAKA$, 'AKHKOA$ GOUN 'ALLWN TE POLLWN KAI
"OMHROU; KAI 'ODUSSEIA$ GAR-KAI 'ILIADO$ 'AKHKOA$.
AL _ PANTW$ DHPOU, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TAUTA POIHMATA 'ESTI PERI= DIAFORA$ DIKAIWN
TE-KAI 'ADIKWN:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ KAI "AI MACAI GE-KAI "OI QANATOI DIA= TAUTHN THN
DIAFORAN TOI$ TE 'ACAIOI$ KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ TRWSIN 'EGENONTO,
KAI TOI$ MNHSTHRSI TOI$ TH$ PHNELOPH$ KAI TW*I 'ODUSSEI.
<P 112C>
AL _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW _ 'OIMAI DE-KAI TOI$ 'EN TANAGRA\ 'AQHNAIWN TE-KAI
LAKEDAIMONIWN KAI BOIWTWN 'APOQANOUSI, KAI TOI$ "USTERON
'EN KORWNEIA\, 'EN "OI$ KAI "O SO$ PATHR KLEINIA$8 'ETELEUTHSEN,
'OUDE PERI= "ENO$ 'ALLOU "H DIAFORA 'H= PERI= TOU* DIKAIOU KAI
'ADIKOU TOU$ QANATOU$ KAI TA$ MACA$ PEPOIHKEN0; 'H*-GAR:
AL _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW _ TOUTOU$ 'OUN FWMEN 'EPISTASQAI PERI= "WN "OUTW$
<P 112D>
SFO=DRA DIAFERONTAI, "WSTE 'AMFISBHTOUNTE$ 'ALLHLOI$ TA
'ESCATA SFA$-'AUTOU$ 'ERGAZONTAI:
AL _ 'OU FAINETAI GE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EI$ TOU$ TOIOUTOU$ DIDASKALOU$ 'ANAFEREI$
"OU$ "OMOLOGEI$ 'AUTO$ MH 'EIDENAI:
AL _ 'EOIKA.
SW _ PW*$ 'OUN 'EIKO$ SE 'EIDENAI TA DI=KAIA KAI TA 'ADIKA,
PERI= "WN "OUTW PLANA*I3 KAI-'OUTE MAQWN FAINHI0 PAR' 'OUDENO$
'OUT' 'AUTO$ 'EXEURWN:
AL _ 'EK MEN "WN SU LEGEI$ 'OUK 'EIKO$.
<P 112E>
SW _ "ORA*I$0 'AU TOUQ' "W$ 'OU KALW$ 'EIPE$, 'W* 'ALKIBIADH:
AL _ TO POI*ON:
SW _ "OTI4 'EME FH=I$ TAUTA LEGEIN.
AL _ TI= DE: 'OU SU LEGEI$ "W$ 'EGW 'OUDEN 'EPISTAMAI PERI=
TWN DIKAIWN KAI 'ADIKWN:
SW _ 'OU-MENTOI.
AL _ 'ALL' 'EGW:
SW _ NAI.
AL _ PW*$ DH:
SW _ "WDE 'EISHI2. 'EA=N SE 'ERWMAI TO "EN KAI TA DUO PO=TERA
PLEIW 'ESTI, FHSEI$ "OTI4 TA DUO:
AL _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ PO=SWI:
AL _ "ENI.
SW _ POTERO$ 'OUN "HMWN "O LEGWN "OTI4 TA DUO TOU* "ENO$
"ENI PLEIW:
AL _ 'EGW.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EGW MEN 'HRWTWN, SU D' 'APEKRINOU:
AL _ NAI.


<P 113A>
SW _ PERI= DH TOUTWN MWN 'EGW FAINOMAI LEGWN "O 'ERWTWN,
'H= SU "O 'APOKRINOMENO$:
AL _ 'EGW.
SW _ TI= D' 'AN2 'EGW MEN 'ERWMAI POI*A GRAMMATA SWKRATOU$,
SU D' 'EIPHI$, POTERO$ "O LEGWN:
AL _ 'EGW.
SW _ 'IQI DH, "ENI LOGWI 'EIPE=; "OTAN 'ERWTHSI$ TE-KAI
'APOKRISI$ GIGNHTAI, POTERO$ "O LEGWN, "O 'ERWTWN 'H= "O
'APOKRINOMENO$:
AL _ "O 'APOKRINOMENO$, 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$.
<P 113B>
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'ARTI DIA= PANTO$ 'EGW MEN 'H*2 "O 'ERWTWN:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ SU D' "O 'APOKRINOMENO$:
AL _ PANU GE.
SW _ TI= 'OUN: TA LECQENTA POTERO$ "HMWN 'EIRHKEN0:
AL _ FAINOMAI MEN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EK TWN "WMOLOGHMENWN
'EGW.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'ELECQH PERI= DIKAIWN KAI 'ADIKWN "OTI4 'ALKIBIADH$
"O KALO$ "O KLEINIOU 'OUK 'EPISTAITO, 'OIOITO DE, KAI
MELLOI 'EI$ 'EKKLHSIAN 'ELQWN SUMBOULEUSEIN 'AQHNAIOI$ PERI=
"WN 'OUDEN 'OIDEN: 'OU TAUT' 'H*N:
<P 113C>
AL _ FAINETAI.
SW _ TO TOU* 'EURIPIDOU 'A=RA SUMBAINEI0, 'W* 'ALKIBIADH;
SOU94 TADE9 KINDUNEUEI$, 'OUK9 'EMOU94 'AKHKOENAI1, 'OUD' 'EGW 'EIMI "O
TAUTA LEGWN, 'ALLA= SU, 'EME DE 'AITIA*I3 MATHN. KAI-MENTOI-KAI
'EU LEGEI$. MANIKON GAR 'EN NWI 'ECEI$ 'EPICEIRHMA 'EPICEIREIN,
'W* BELTISTE, DIDASKEIN "A 'OUK 'OISQA, 'AMELHSA$
MANQANEIN.
<P 113D>
AL _ 'OIMAI MEN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OLIGAKI$ 'AQHNAIOU$ BOULEUESQAI
KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ "ELLHNA$ PO=TERA DIKAIO=TERA
'H= 'ADIKW=TERA; TA MEN-GAR TOIAUTA "HGOUNTAI DHLA 'EINAI,
'EA=SANTE$ 'OUN PERI= 'AUTWN SKOPOUSIN0 "OPO=TERA SUNOISEI2
PRAXASIN. 'OU-GAR 'TAUTA 'OIMAI 'ESTIN TA TE DI=KAIA KAI TA
SUMFERONTA, 'ALLA= POLLOI$ DH 'ELUSITELHSEN 'ADIKHSASI MEGALA
'ADIKHMATA, KAI "ETEROI$ GE 'OIMAI DI=KAIA 'ERGASAMENOI$
'OU SUNHNEGKEN.
SW _ TI= 'OUN: 'EI "OTI2 MALISTA "E=TERA MEN TA DI=KAIA
<P 113E>
TUGCANEI0 'ONTA, "E=TERA DE TA SUMFERONTA, 'OU TI POU 'AU SU
'OIEI TAUT' 'EIDENAI "A SUMFEREI0 TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$, KAI DI' "OTI2:
AL _ TI= GAR KWLUEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$: 'EI MH ME 'AU 'ERHSHI2
PAR' "OTOU 'EMAQON 'H= "OPW$ 'AUTO$ "HURON.
SW _ "OION TOUTO POIEI$. 'EI TI MH 'ORQW$ LEGEI$, TUGCANEI0
DE DUNATON 'ON 'APODEIXAI0 DI' "OUPER KAI TO PROTERON LOGOU,
'OIEI DH KAINA 'ATTA DEIN 'AKOUEIN 'APODEIXEI$ TE "ETERA$, "W$
TWN PROTERWN "OION SKEUARIWN KATATETRIMMENWN, KAI 'OUKET'
'AN4 SU 'AUTA 'AMPISCOIO, 'EI MH TI$ SOI4 TEKMHRION KAQARON


<P 114A>
KAI 'ACRANTON 'OISEI2. 'EGW DE CAIREIN 'EASA$ TA$ SA$ PRODROMA$
TOU* LOGOU 'OUDEN "HTTON 'ERHSOMAI PO=QEN MAQWN 'AU TA
SUMFERONT' 'EPISTASAI, KAI "OSTI$ 'ESTIN "O DIDASKALO$, KAI
PANT' 'EKEINA TA PROTERON 'ERWTW0 MIA*I 'ERWTHSEI: 'ALLA=-GAR
DHLON "W$ 'EI$ 'TAUTON "HXEI$ KAI 'OUC "EXEI$ 'APODEIXAI0 'OUQ' "W$
'EXEURWN 'OISQA TA SUMFERONTA 'OUQ' "W$ MAQWN. 'EPEIDH DE
TRUFA*I$0 KAI 'OUKET' 'AN4 "HDEW$ TOU* 'AUTOU4 GEUSAIO LOGOU, TOUTON
MEN 'EW0 CAIREIN, 'EI=T' 'OISQA 'EITE MH TA 'AQHNAIOI$ SUMFERONTA;
<P 114B>
POTERON DE 'TAUTA 'ESTI DI=KAIA TE-KAI SUMFERONT'
'H= "E=TERA, TI= 'OUK 'APEDEIXA$: 'EI MEN BOULEI, 'ERWTWN ME "WSPER
'EGW SE, 'EI DE, KAI 'AUTO$ 'EPI SEAUTOU LOGWI DIEXELQE.
AL _ 'ALL' 'OUK 'OIDA 'EI "OIO$-T' 'AN4 'EIHN, 'W* SWKRATE$, PRO$
SE DIELQEIN.
SW _ 'ALL', 'WGAQE, 'EME 'EKKLHSIAN NOMISON2 KAI DHMON;
KAI 'EKEI TOI SE DEHSEI2 "ENA "EKASTON PEIQEIN. 'H*-GAR:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TOU* 'AUTOU4 "ENA TE "OION-TE-'EINAI KATA MONA$
<P 114C>
PEIQEIN KAI SUMPOLLOU$ PERI= "WN 'AN4 'EIDHI5, "WSPER "O GRAMMATISTH$
"ENA TE-POU PEIQEI0 PERI= GRAMMATWN KAI POLLOU$:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN-'OU-KAI PERI= 'ARIQMOU "O 'AUTO$ "ENA TE-KAI
POLLOU$ PEISEI2:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ "OUTO$ D' 'ESTAI "O 'EIDW$, "O 'ARIQMHTIKO$:
AL _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI SU "APER KAI POLLOU$ "OIO$-TE PEIQEIN
'EI*, TAUTA KAI "ENA:
AL _ 'EIKO$ GE.
SW _ 'ESTI DE TAUTA DHLON "OTI4 "A 'OISQA.
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'ALLO TI 'OUN TOSOUTON MONON DIAFEREI0 TOU* 'EN TW*I
<P 114D>
DHMWI "RHTORO$ "O 'EN THI TOIA*IDE SUNOUSIA\, "OTI4 "O MEN "AQROOU$
PEIQEI0 TA 'AUTA, "O DE KAQ' "ENA:
AL _ KINDUNEUEI0.
SW _ 'IQI NU*N 'EPEIDH TOU* 'AUTOU4 FAINETAI POLLOU$ TE-KAI
"ENA PEIQEIN, 'EN 'EMOI4 'EMMELETHSON2 KAI 'EPICEIRHSON2 'EPIDEIXAI0
"W$ TO DIKAION 'ENIOTE 'OU SUMFEREI0.
AL _ "UBRISTH$ 'EI*, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ NU*N GOUN "UF' "UBREW$ MELLW0 SE PEIQEIN 'TANANTIA
"OI$ SU 'EME 'OUK 'EQELEI$.
AL _ LEGE DH.
SW _ 'APOKRINOU MONON TA 'ERWTWMENA.
<P 114E>
AL _ MH, 'ALLA= SU 'AUTO$ LEGE.
SW _ TI= D': 'OUC "OTI2 MALISTA BOULEI PEISQHNAI:
AL _ PANTW$ DHPOU.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EI LEGEI$ "OTI4 TAUQ' "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, MALIST' 'AN4
'EIH$-PEPEISMENO$:
AL _ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW _ 'APOKRINOU DH; KAI 'EA=N MH 'AUTO$ SU SAUTOU 'AKOUSHI$
"OTI4 TA DI=KAIA KAI SUMFERONTA 'ESTIN, 'ALLWI GE LEGONTI MH
PISTEUSHI$.
AL _ 'OUTOI, 'ALL' 'APOKRITEON; KAI-GAR 'OUDEN 'OIOMAI
BLABHSESQAI.


<P 115A>
SW _ MANTIKO$ GAR 'EI*. KAI MOI LEGE; TWN DIKAIWN FH=I$
'ENIA MEN SUMFEREIN, 'ENIA D' 'OU=:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ TI= DE: TA MEN KALA 'AUTWN 'EINAI, TA D' 'OU=:
AL _ PW*$ TOUTO 'ERWTA*I$0:
SW _ 'EI TI$ 'HDH SOI4 'EDOXEN 'AISCRA MEN, DI=KAIA DE
PRATTEIN:
AL _ 'OUK 'EMOIGE.
SW _ 'ALLA= PANTA TA DI=KAIA KAI KALA:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ TI= D' 'AU TA KALA: POTERON PANTA 'AGAQA, 'H= TA MEN,
TA D' 'OU=:
AL _ 'OIOMAI 'EGWGE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ENIA TWN KALWN KAKA
'EINAI.
SW _ 'H*-KAI 'AISCRA 'AGAQA:
AL _ NAI.
<P 115B>
SW _ 'A*RA LEGEI$ TA TOIADE, "OION POLLOI 'EN POLEMWI
BOHQHSANTE$ "ETAIRWI 'H= 'OIKEIWI TRAUMATA 'ELABON KAI 'APEQANON,
"OI D' 'OU BOHQHSANTE$, DEON, "UGIEI$ 'APHLQON:
AL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N THN TOIAUTHN BOHQEIAN KALHN MEN LEGEI$
KATA THN 'EPICEIRHSIN TOU* SWSAI0 "OU$ 'EDEI, TOUTO D' 'ESTIN
'ANDREIA; 'H= 'OU=:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ KAKHN DE-GE KATA TOU$ QANATOU$ TE-KAI "ELKH; 'H*-GAR:
AL _ NAI.
<P 115C>
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OUK 'ALLO MEN "H 'ANDREIA, 'ALLO DE "O QANATO$:
AL _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA KATA 'TAUTON G' 'ESTI KALON KAI KAKON TO
TOI$ FILOI$ BOHQEIN:
AL _ 'OU FAINETAI.
SW _ "ORA TOINUN 'EI, "HI GE KALON, KAI 'AGAQON, "WSPER KAI
'ENTAUQA. KATA THN 'ANDREIAN GAR "WMOLOGEI$ KALON 'EINAI THN
BOHQEIAN; TOUT' 'OUN 'AUTO SKOPEI5, THN 'ANDREIAN, 'AGAQON 'H=
KAKON: "WDE DE SKOPEI5; SU PO=TER' 'AN4 DEXAIO SOI4 'EINAI,
'AGAQA 'H= KAKA:
AL _ 'AGAQA.
<P 115D>
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TA MEGISTA MALISTA.
AL7 _ NAI7.
SW _ KAI "HKISTA TWN TOIOUTWN DEXAIO 'AN4 STERESQAI:
AL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ PW*$ 'OUN LEGEI$ PERI= 'ANDREIA$: 'EPI PO=SWI 'AN4 'AUTOU4
DEXAIO STERESQAI:
AL _ 'OUDE ZHN 'AN4 'EGW DEXAIMHN DEILO$ 'WN.
SW _ 'ESCATON 'A=RA KAKWN 'EINAI SOI4 DOKEI0 "H DEILIA.
AL _ 'EMOIGE.
SW _ 'EX 'ISOU TW*I TEQNANAI, "W$ 'EOIKE0.
AL _ FHMI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N QANATWI TE-KAI DEILIA\ 'ENANTIWTATON ZWH KAI
'ANDREIA:
AL _ NAI.
<P 115E>
SW _ KAI TA MEN MALIST' 'AN4 'EINAI BOULOIO SOI4, TA DE
"HKISTA:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'A*R' "OTI4 TA MEN 'ARISTA "HGHI0, TA DE KAKISTA:
AL7 _ PANU7 GE7.
SW7 _ 'EN7 TOI$7 'ARISTOI$7 'A=RA7 SU7 "HGHI70 'ANDREIAN7 'EINAI7 'KAN7
TOI$7 KAKISTOI$7 QANATON7.
AL _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ TO 'A=RA BOHQEIN 'EN POLEMWI TOI$ FILOI$, "HI MEN
KALON, KAT' 'AGAQOU PRAXIN THN TH$ 'ANDREIA$, KALON 'AUTO
PROSEIPA$:
AL ^ FAINOMAI GE.
SW _ KATA DE-GE KAKOU PRAXIN THN TOU* QANATOU KAKON:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "WDE DIKAION PROSAGOREUEIN "EKASTHN TWN
PRAXEWN; 'EIPER "HI KAKON 'APERGAZETAI KAKHN KALEI$0, KAI "HI


<P 116A>
'AGAQON 'AGAQHN KLHTEON.
AL _ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN-KAI "HI 'AGAQON, KALON; "HI DE KAKON,
'AISCRON:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ THN 'A=R' 'EN TW*I POLEMWI TOI$ FILOI$ BOHQEIAN LEGWN
KALHN MEN 'EINAI, KAKHN DE, 'OUDEN DIAFERONTW$ LEGEI$ 'H= 'EI
PROSEIPE$ 'AUTHN 'AGAQHN MEN, KAKHN DE.
AL _ 'ALHQH MOI DOKEI$ LEGEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'OUDEN 'A=RA TWN KALWN, KAQ' "OSON KALON, KAKON,
'OUDE TWN 'AISCRWN, KAQ' "OSON 'AISCRON, 'AGAQON.
<P 116B>
AL _ 'OU FAINETAI.
SW _ 'ETI TOINUN-KAI "WDE SKEYAI. "OSTI$ KALW$ PRATTEI0,
'OUCI-KAI 'EU PRATTEI0:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ "OI D' 'EU PRATTONTE$ 'OUK 'EUDAIMONE$:
AL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EUDAIMONE$ DI' 'AGAQWN KTHSIN:
AL _ MALISTA.
SW _ KTWNTAI0 DE TAUTA TW*I 'EU KAI KALW$ PRATTEIN:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ TO 'EU 'A=RA PRATTEIN 'AGAQON:
AL _ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
SW _ 'OUKOU*N KALON "H 'EUPRAGIA:
AL _ NAI.
<P 116C>
SW _ 'TAUTON 'A=RA 'EFANH "HMIN PALIN 'AU KALON TE-KAI
'AGAQON.
AL _ FAINETAI.
SW _ "OTI2 'AN4 'A=RA "EURWMEN KALON, KAI 'AGAQON "EURHSOMEN
'EK GE TOUTOU TOU* LOGOU.
AL _ 'ANAGKH.
SW _ TI= DE: TA 'AGAQA SUMFEREI0 'H= 'OU=:
AL _ SUMFEREI0.
SW _ MNHMONEUEI$ 'OUN PERI= TWN DIKAIWN PW*$
"WMOLOGHSAMEN:
AL _ 'OIMAI GE TOU$ TA DI=KAIA PRATTONTA$ 'ANAGKAION
'EINAI KALA PRATTEIN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TOU$ TA KALA 'AGAQA:
AL _ NAI.
<P 116D>
SW _ TA DE 'AGAQA SUMFEREIN:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ TA DI=KAIA 'A=RA, 'W* 'ALKIBIADH, SUMFERONTA 'ESTIN.
AL _ 'EOIKEN0.
SW _ TI= 'OUN: TAUTA 'OU SU "O LEGWN, 'EGW DE "O 'ERWTWN:
AL _ FAINOMAI, "W$ 'EOIKA.
SW _ 'EI 'OUN TI$ 'ANISTATAI SUMBOULEUSWN 'EITE 'AQHNAIOI$
'EI=TE PEPARHQIOI$, 'OIOMENO$ GIGNWSKEIN TA DI=KAIA KAI TA
'ADIKA, FHSEI2 D' 'EINAI TA DI=KAIA KAKA 'ENIOTE, 'A=LLO TI 'H=
KATAGELWIH$ 'AN4 'AUTOU4, 'EPEIDHPER TUGCANEI$ KAI SU LEGWN
<P 116E>
"OTI4 'TAUTA 'ESTI DI=KAIA TE-KAI SUMFERONTA:
AL _ 'ALLA= MA TOU$ QEOU$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUK 'OID' 'EGWGE
'OUD' "OTI2 LEGW0, 'ALL' 'ATECNW$ 'EOIKA 'ATOPW$ 'ECONTI; TOTE=
MEN-GAR MOI "E=TERA DOKEI0 SOU4 'ERWTWNTO$, TOTE= D' 'A=LLA.
SW _ 'EITA TOUTO, 'W* FILE, 'AGNOEI$ TO PAQHMA TI= 'ESTIN:
AL _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'OIEI 'AN4 'OUN, 'EI TI$ 'ERWTWIH SE DUO 'OFQALMOU$ 'H=
TREI$ 'ECEI$, KAI DUO CEIRA$ 'H= TETTARA$, 'H= 'ALLO TI TWN
TOIOUTWN, TOTE= MEN "E=TERA 'AN4 'APOKRINASQAI, TOTE= DE 'A=LLA, 'H=
'AEI TA 'AUTA:


<P 117A>
AL _ DEDOIKA MEN 'EGWGE 'HDH PERI= 'EMAUTOU, 'OIMAI MENTOI
TA 'AUTA.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "OTI4 'OISQA: TOUT' 'AITION:
AL _ 'OIMAI 'EGWGE.
SW _ PERI= "WN 'A=RA 'AKWN 'TANANTIA 'APOKRINHI0, DHLON "OTI4
PERI= TOUTWN 'OUK 'OISQA.
AL _ 'EIKO$ GE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI PERI= TWN DIKAIWN KAI 'ADIKWN KAI KALWN
KAI 'AISCRWN KAI KAKWN KAI 'AGAQWN KAI SUMFERONTWN0 KAI
MH 'APOKRINOMENO$ FH=I$ PLANASQAI: 'EITA 'OU DHLON "OTI4 DIA=
TO MH 'EIDENAI PERI= 'AUTWN, DIA= TAUTA PLANA*I3:
<P 117B>
AL _ 'EMOIGE.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN "OUTW KAI 'ECEI0; 'EPEIDAN TI$ TI MH 'EIDHI5,
'ANAGKAION PERI= TOUTOU PLANASQAI THN YUCHN:
AL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ TI= 'OUN: 'OISQA "ONTINA TROPON 'ANABHSHI2 'EI$ TON 'OURANON:
AL _ MA DI=' 'OUK 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'H*-KAI PLANATAI0 SOU4 "H DOXA PERI= TAUTA:
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ TO D' 'AITION 'OISQA 'H= 'EGW FRASW42:
AL _ FRASON2.
SW _ "OTI4, 'W* FILE, 'OUK 'OIEI 'AUTO 'EPISTASQAI 'OUK
'EPISTAMENO$.
<P 117C>
AL _ PW*$ 'AU TOUTO LEGEI$:
SW _ "ORA KAI SU KOINHI. "A MH 'EPISTASAI, GIGNWSKEI$ DE
"OTI4 'OUK 'EPISTASAI, PLANA*I3 PERI= TA TOIAUTA: "WSPER PERI=
'OYOU SKEUASIA$ 'OISQA DHPOU "OTI4 'OUK 'OISQA:
AL _ PANU GE.
SW _ POTERON 'OUN 'AUTO$ PERI= TAUTA DOXAZEI$ "OPW$ CRH
SKEUAZEIN KAI PLANA*I3 'H= TW*I 'EPISTAMENWI 'EPITREPEI$:
AL _ "OUTW$.
SW _ TI= D' 'EI 'EN NHI PLEOI$, 'A*RA DOXAZOI$ 'AN4 POTERON
<P 117D>
CRH TON 'OIAKA 'EISW 'AGEIN 'H= 'EXW, KAI "ATE 'OUK 'EIDW$ PLANWIO
'AN4, 'H= TW*I KUBERNHTHI 'EPITREYA$ 'AN4 "HSUCIAN 'AGOI$:
AL _ TW*I KUBERNHTHI.
SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA PERI= "A MH 'OISQA PLANA*I3, 'ANPER 'EIDHI$ "OTI4
'OUK 'OISQA:
AL _ 'OUK 'EOIKA.
SW _ 'ENNOEI$ 'OUN "OTI4 KAI TA "AMARTHMATA 'EN THI PRAXEI
DIA= TAUTHN THN 'AGNOIAN 'ESTI, THN TOU* MH 'EIDOTA 'OIESQAI
'EIDENAI:
AL _ PW*$ 'AU LEGEI$ TOUTO:
SW _ TO=TE POU 'EPICEIROUMEN PRATTEIN, "OTAN 'OIWMEQA
'EIDENAI "OTI2 PRATTOMEN:
AL _ NAI.
<P 117E>
SW _ "OTAN DE-GE-POU TINE$ MH 'OIWNTAI 'EIDENAI, 'ALLOI$
PARADIDOASI:
AL _ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "OI TOIOUTOI TWN MH 'EIDOTWN 'ANAMARTHTOI
ZWSI0 DIA= TO 'ALLOI$ PERI= 'AUTWN 'EPITREPEIN:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ TI=NE$ 'OUN "OI "AMARTANONTE$: 'OU-GAR-POU "OI GE 'EIDOTE$.
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ 'EPEIDH D'-'OUQ' "OI 'EIDOTE$ 'OUQ' "OI TWN MH 'EIDOTWN


<P 118A>
'EIDOTE$ "OTI4 'OUK 'ISASIN, 'H* 'ALLOI LEIPONTAI 'H= "OI MH 'EIDOTE$,
'OIOMENOI D' 'EIDENAI:
AL _ 'OU=K, 'ALL' "OUTOI.
SW _ "AU=TH 'A=RA "H 'AGNOIA TWN KAKWN 'AITIA KAI "H 'EPONEIDISTO$
'AMAQIA:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "OTAN 'HI PERI= TA MEGISTA, TO=TE KAKOURGOTATH
KAI 'AISCISTH:
AL _ POLU GE.
SW _ TI= 'OUN: 'ECEI$ MEIZW 'EIPEIN DIKAIWN TE-KAI KALWN
KAI 'AGAQWN KAI SUMFERONTWN0:
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N PERI= TAUTA SU FH=I$ PLANASQAI:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'EI DE PLANA*I3, 'A*R' 'OU DHLON 'EK TWN 'EMPROSQEN "OTI4
<P 118B>
'OU MONON 'AGNOEI$ TA MEGISTA, 'ALLA=-KAI 'OUK 'EIDW$ 'OIEI 'AUTA
'EIDENAI:
AL _ KINDUNEUW0.
SW _ BABAI 'A=RA, 'W* 'ALKIBIADH, "OION PAQO$ PEPONQA$;
"O= 'EGW 'ONOMAZEIN MEN 'OKNW0, "OMW$ DE, 'EPEIDH MONW 'ESMEN,
"RHTEON. 'AMAQIA\ GAR SUNOIKEI$, 'W* BELTISTE, THI 'ESCATHI, "W$
"O LOGO$ SOU4 KATHGOREI0 KAI SU SAUTOU; DIO KAI 'A\TTEI$ 'A=RA
PRO$ TA POLITIKA PRIN PAIDEUQHNAI. PEPONQA$ DE TOUTO
'OU SU MONO$, 'ALLA=-KAI "OI POLLOI TWN PRATTONTWN0 TA THSDE
<P 118C>
TH$ POLEW$, PLHN 'OLIGWN GE-KAI 'ISW$ TOU* SOU2 'EPITROPOU
PERIKLEOU$.
AL _ LEGETAI GE-TOI, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUK 'APO TOU* 'AUTOMATOU
SOFO$ GEGONENAI, 'ALLA= POLLOI$ KAI SOFOI$ SUGGEGONENAI,
KAI PUQOKLEIDHI KAI 'ANAXAGORA\; KAI NU*N 'ETI THLIKOUTO$
'WN DAMWNI SUNESTIN 'AUTOU4 TOUTOU "ENEKA.
SW _ TI= 'OUN: 'HDH TIN' 'EIDE$ SOFON "OTIOUN 'ADUNATOUNTA
POIHSAI0 'ALLON SOFON "APER 'AUTO$: "WSPER "O$ SE 'EDIDAXEN
GRAMMATA, 'AUTO$ T' 'H*N SOFO$ KAI SE 'EPOIHSE TWN TE 'ALLWN
"ONTIN' 'EBOULETO; 'H*-GAR:
AL _ NAI.
<P 118D>
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI SU "O PAR' 'EKEINOU MAQWN 'ALLON
"OIO$-TE-'ESHI:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ KAI "O KIQARISTH$ DE-KAI "O PAIDOTRIBH$ "WSAUTW$:
AL _ PANU GE.
SW _ KALON GAR-DHPOU TEKMHRION TOUTO TWN 'EPISTAMENWN
"OTIOUN "OTI4 'EPISTANTAI, 'EPEIDAN KAI 'ALLON "OIOI-T'-'WSIN
'APODEIXAI0 'EPISTAMENON.
AL _ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW _ TI= 'OUN: 'ECEI$ 'EIPEIN PERIKLH$ TI=NA 'EPOIHSEN SOFON,
'APO TWN "UEWN 'ARXAMENO$:
<P 118E>
AL _ TI= D' 'EI TW PERIKLEOU$ "UEI 'HLIQIW 'EGENESQHN, 'W*
SWKRATE$:
SW _ 'ALLA= KLEINIAN TON SON 'ADELFON.
AL _ TI= D' 'AN4 'AU KLEINIAN LEGOI$, MAINOMENON 'ANQRWPON:
SW _ 'EPEIDH TOINUN KLEINIA$ MEN MAINETAI, TW DE PERIKLEOU$
"UEI 'HLIQIW 'EGENESQHN, SOI4 TI=NA 'AITIAN 'ANAQWMEN, DI'
"OTI2 SE "OUTW$ 'ECONTA PERIORA*I0:
AL _ 'EGW 'OIMAI 'AITIO$ 'OU PROSECWN TON NOUN.


<P 119A>
SW _ 'ALLA= TWN 'ALLWN 'AQHNAIWN 'H= TWN XENWN DOULON
'H= 'ELEUQERON 'EIPE= "OSTI$ 'AITIAN 'ECEI0 DIA= THN PERIKLEOU$
SUNOUSIAN SOFWTERO$ GEGONENAI, "WSPER 'EGW 'ECW0 SOI4 'EIPEIN
DIA= THN ZHNWNO$ PUQODWRON TON 'ISOLOCOU KAI KALLIAN
TON KALLIADOU, "WN "EKATERO$ ZHNWNI "EKATON MNA$ TELESA$
SOFO$ TE-KAI 'ELLOGIMO$ GEGONEN0.
AL _ 'ALLA= MA DI=' 'OUK 'ECW0.
SW _ 'EIEN; TI= 'OUN DIANOHI0 PERI= SAUTOU: POTERON 'EA*N "W$
NU*N 'ECEI$, 'H= 'EPIMELEIAN TINA POIEISQAI:
<P 119B>
AL _ KOINH BOULH, 'W* SWKRATE$. KAITOI 'ENNOW0 SOU4
'EIPONTO$ KAI SUGCWRW0; DOKOUSI0 GAR MOI "OI TA TH$ POLEW$
PRATTONTE$ 'EKTO$ 'OLIGWN 'APAIDEUTOI 'EINAI.
SW _ 'EITA TI= DH TOUTO:
AL _ 'EI MEN-POU 'HSAN PEPAIDEUMENOI, 'EDEI 'AN4 TON 'EPICEIROUNTA
'AUTOI$ 'ANTAGWNIZESQAI MAQONTA KAI 'ASKHSANTA
'IENAI "W$ 'EP' 'AQLHTA$; NU*N D' 'EPEIDH KAI "OUTOI 'IDIWTIKW$
'ECONTE$ 'ELHLUQASIN 'EPI TA TH$ POLEW$, TI= DEI 'ASKEIN KAI
MANQANONTA PRAGMATA 'ECEIN: 'EGW GAR 'EU 'OID' "OTI4 TOUTWN
<P 119C>
THI GE FUSEI PANU POLU PERIESOMAI.
SW _ BABAI, "OION, 'W* 'ARISTE, TOUT' 'EIRHKA$; "W$ 'ANAXION
TH$ 'IDEA$ KAI TWN 'ALLWN TWN SOI4 "UPARCONTWN0.
AL _ TI= MALISTA KAI PRO$ TI= TOUTO LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW _ 'AGANAKTW0 "UPER TE SOU4 KAI TOU* 'EMAUTOU 'ERWTO$.
AL _ TI= DH:
SW _ 'EI 'HXIWSA$ TON 'AGWNA SOI4 'EINAI PRO$ TOU$ 'ENQADE
'ANQRWPOU$.
AL _ 'ALLA= PRO$ TI=NA$ MHN:
<P 119D>
SW _ 'AXION TOUTO GE-KAI 'ERESQAI 'ANDRA 'OIOMENON MEGALOFRONA
'EINAI.
AL _ PW*$ LEGEI$: 'OU PRO$ TOUTOU$ MOI "O 'AGWN:
SW _ 'ALLA= 'KAN4 'EI TRIHRH DIENOOU KUBERNAN MELLOUSAN
NAUMACEIN, 'HRKEI 'AN4 SOI4 TWN SUNNAUTWN BELTISTWI 'EINAI TA
KUBERNHTIKA, 'H= TAUTA MEN 'WIOU 'AN4 DEIN "UPARCEIN, 'APEBLEPE$
D' 'AN4 'EI$ TOU$ "W$ 'ALHQW$ 'ANTAGWNISTA$, 'ALL' 'OUC "W$ NU*N 'EI$
TOU$ SUNAGWNISTA$: "WN DHPOU PERIGENESQAI SE DEI TOSOUTON
<P 119E>
"WSTE MH 'AXIOUN0 'ANTAGWNIZESQAI, 'ALLA= KATAFRONHQENTA$ SUNAGWNIZESQAI
SOI4 PRO$ TOU$ POLEMIOU$, 'EI DH TW*I-'ONTI GE KALON TI
'ERGON 'APODEIXASQAI DIANOHI0 KAI 'AXION SAUTOU TE-KAI TH$ POLEW$.
AL _ 'ALLA=-MEN-DH DIANOOUMAI GE.
SW _ PANU SOI4 'A=RA 'AXION 'AGAPAN 'EI TWN STRATIWTWN
BELTIWN 'EI*, 'ALL' 'OU PRO$ TOU$ TWN 'ANTIPALWN "HGEMONA$
'APOBLEPEIN 'EI POTE 'EKEINWN BELTIWN GEGONA$, SKOPOUNTA
KAI 'ASKOUNTA PRO$ 'EKEINOU$.


<P 120A>
AL _ LEGEI$ DE TI=NA$ TOUTOU$, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW _ 'OUK 'OISQA "HMWN THN POLIN LAKEDAIMONIOI$ TE-KAI
TW*I MEGALWI BASILEI POLEMOUSAN "EKASTOTE:
AL _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EIPER 'EN NWI 'ECEI$ "HGEMWN 'EINAI THSDE TH$
POLEW$, PRO$ TOU$ LAKEDAIMONIWN BASILEA$ KAI TOU$
PERSWN TON 'AGWNA "HGOUMENO$ SOI4 'EINAI 'ORQW$ 'AN4 "HGOIO:
AL _ KINDUNEUEI$ 'ALHQH LEGEIN.
SW _ 'OU=K, 'WGAQE, 'ALLA= PRO$ MEIDIAN SE DEI TON 'ORTUGOKOPON
<P 120B>
'APOBLEPEIN KAI 'ALLOU$ TOIOUTOU$ % "OI= TA TH$ POLEW$
PRATTEIN 'EPICEIROUSIN0, 'ETI THN 'ANDRAPODWDH, FAIEN 'AN4
"AI GUNAIKE$, TRICA 'ECONTE$ 'EN THI YUCHI "UP' 'AMOUSIA$ KAI
'OUPW 'APOBEBLHKOTE$, 'ETI DE BARBARIZONTE$ 'ELHLUQASI
KOLAKEUSONTE$ THN POLIN 'ALL' 'OUK 'ARXONTE$ % PRO$ TOUTOU$
SE DEI, "OUSPER LEGW0, BLEPONTA SAUTOU DH 'AMELEIN,
KAI-MHTE MANQANEIN "OSA MAQHSEW$ 'ECETAI, MELLONTA TOSOUTON
'AGWNA 'AGWNIZESQAI, MHTE 'ASKEIN "OSA DEITAI 'ASKHSEW$,
<P 120C>
KAI PASAN PARASKEUHN PARESKEUASMENON "OUTW$ 'IENAI 'EPI
TA TH$ POLEW$.
AL _ 'ALL', 'W* SWKRATE$, DOKEI$ MEN MOI 'ALHQH LEGEIN,
'OIMAI MENTOI TOU$ TE LAKEDAIMONIWN STRATHGOU$ KAI TON
PERSWN BASILEA 'OUDEN DIAFEREIN TWN 'ALLWN.
SW _ 'ALL', 'W* 'ARISTE, THN 'OIHSIN TAUTHN SKOPEI5 "OIAN
'ECEI$.
AL _ TOU*2 PE=RI:
SW _ PRWTON MEN POTERW$ 'AN4 'OIEI SAUTOU MALLON 'EPIMELHQHNAI,
<P 120D>
FOBOUMENO$ TE-KAI 'OIOMENO$ DEINOU$ 'AUTOU$
'EINAI, 'H= MH:
AL _ DHLON "OTI4 'EI DEINOU$ 'OIOIMHN.
SW _ MWN 'OUN 'OIEI TI BLABHSESQAI 'EPIMELHQEI$ SAUTOU:
AL _ 'OUDAMW$, 'ALLA=-KAI MEGALA 'ONHSESQAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "EN MEN TOUTO TOSOUTON KAKON 'ECEI0 "H 'OIHSI$
"AU=TH.
AL _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW _ TO DEUTERON TOINUN, "OTI4 KAI YEUDH$ 'ESTIN, 'EK TWN
'EIKOTWN SKEYAI.
AL _ PW*$ DH:
SW _ POTERON 'EIKO$ 'AMEINOU$ GIGNESQAI FUSEI$ 'EN GENNAIOI
<P 120E>
GENESIN 'H= MH:
AL _ DHLON "OTI4 'EN TOI$ GENNAIOI$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TOU$ 'EU FUNTA$, 'EA=N KAI 'EU TRAFWSIN, "OUTW
TELEOU$ GIGNESQAI PRO$ 'ARETHN:
AL _ 'ANAGKH.
SW _ SKEYWMEQA DH, TOI$ 'EKEINWN TA "HME=TERA 'ANTITIQENTE$,
PRWTON MEN 'EI DOKOUSI0 FAULOTERWN GENWN 'EINAI "OI
LAKEDAIMONIWN KAI PERSWN BASILH$. 'H= 'OUK 'ISMEN "W$ "OI MEN
"HRAKLEOU$, "OI DE 'ACAIMENOU$ 'EKGONOI, TO D' "HRAKLEOU$ TE
GENO$ KAI TO 'ACAIMENOU$ 'EI$ PERSEA TON DIO$ 'ANAFERETAI:


<P 121A>
AL _ KAI-GAR TO "HMETERON, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EI$ 'EURUSAKH,
TO D' 'EURUSAKOU$ 'EI$ DI=A.
SW _ KAI-GAR TO "HMETERON, 'W* GENNAIE 'ALKIBIADH, 'EI$
DAIDALON, "O DE DAIDALO$ 'EI$ "HFAISTON TON DIO$. 'ALLA=
TA MEN TOUTWN 'AP' 'AUTWN 'ARXAMENA BASILH$ 'EISIN 'EK BASILEWN
MECRI DIO$, "OI MEN 'ARGOU$ TE-KAI LAKEDAIMONO$,
"OI DE TH$ PERSIDO$ TO 'AEI, POLLAKI$ DE-KAI TH$ 'ASIA$,
"WSPER KAI NU*N; "HMEI$ DE 'AUTOI TE 'IDIWTAI KAI "OI PATERE$.
<P 121B>
'EI DE-KAI TOU$ PROGONOU$ SE DEOI KAI THN PATRIDA 'EURUSAKOU$
'EPIDEIXAI0 SALAMINA 'H= THN 'AIAKOU TOU* 'ETI PROTEROU
'AIGINAN 'ARTOXERXHI TW*I XERXOU, PO=SON 'AN4 'OIEI GELWTA
'OFLEIN: 'ALL' "ORA MH TOU* TE GENOU$ 'OGKWI 'ELATTWMEQA TWN
'ANDRWN KAI THI 'ALLHI TROFHI. 'H= 'OUK 'HISQHSAI TOI$ TE LAKEDAIMONIWN
BASILEUSIN "W$ MEGALA TA "UPARCONTA, "WN "AI
GUNAIKE$ DHMOSIA\ FULATTONTAI "UPO TWN 'EFORWN, "OPW$ 'EI$
DUNAMIN MH LAQHI6 'EX 'ALLOU GENOMENO$ "O BASILEU$ 'H= 'EX
<P 121C>
"HRAKLEIDWN: "O DE PERSWN TOSOUTON "UPERBALLEI0, "WST'
'OUDEI$ "UPOYIAN 'ECEI0 "W$ 'EX 'ALLOU 'AN4 BASILEU$ GENOITO 'H= 'EX
'AUTOU4; DIO 'OU FROUREITAI "H BASILEW$ GUNH 'ALL'-'H= "UPO
FOBOU. 'EPEIDAN DE GENHTAI "O PAI$ "O PRESBUTATO$, "OUPER
"H 'ARCH, PRWTON MEN "EORTAZOUSI0 PANTE$ "OI 'EN THI BASILEW$,
"WN 'AN4 'ARCHI5, 'EITA 'EI$ TON 'ALLON CRONON TAUTHI THI "HMERA\
BASILEW$ GENEQLIA PASA QUEI0 KAI "EORTAZEI0 "H 'ASIA; "HMWN
<P 121D>
DE GENOMENWN, TO TOU* KWMWIDOPOIOU, 'OUD'1 "OI1 GEITONE$1 SFO=DRA1
TI1 'AISQANONTAI1, 'W* 'ALKIBIADH. META TOUTO TREFETAI "O
PAI$, 'OUC "UPO GUNAIKO$ TROFOU 'OLIGOU 'AXIA$, 'ALL' "UP'
'EUNOUCWN "OI= 'AN4 DOKWSIN TWN PERI= BASILEA 'ARISTOI 'EINAI;
"OI$ TA TE 'A=LLA PROSTETAKTAI 'EPIMELESQAI TOU* GENOMENOU,
KAI "OPW$ "OTI2 KALLISTO$ 'ESTAI MHCANASQAI, 'ANAPLATTONTA$
TA MELH TOU* PAIDO$ KAI KATORQOUNTA$; KAI TAUTA DRWNTE$
<P 121E>
'EN MEGALHI TIMHI 'EISIN. 'EPEIDAN DE "EPTETEI$ GENWNTAI "OI
PAIDE$, 'EPI TOU$ "IPPOU$ KAI 'EPI TOU$ TOUTWN DIDASKALOU$
FOITWSIN0, KAI 'EPI TA$ QHRA$ 'ARCONTAI 'IENAI. DI$ "EPTA DE
GENOMENON 'ETWN TON PAIDA PARALAMBANOUSIN0 "OU$ 'EKEINOI
BASILEIOU$ PAIDAGWGOU$ 'ONOMAZOUSIN0; 'EISI DE 'EXEILEGMENOI
PERSWN "OI 'ARISTOI DOXANTE$ 'EN "HLIKIA\ TETTARE$, "O TE SOFWTATO$
KAI "O DIKAIOTATO$ KAI "O SWFRONESTATO$ KAI "O


<P 122A>
'ANDREIOTATO$. "WN "O MEN MAGEIAN TE DIDASKEI0 THN ZWROASTROU
TOU* "WROMAZOU % 'ESTI DE TOUTO QEWN QERAPEIA %
DIDASKEI0 DE-KAI TA BASILIKA, "O DE DIKAIOTATO$ 'ALHQEUEIN
DIA= PANTO$ TOU* BIOU, "O DE SWFRONESTATO$ MHD' "UPO MIA$
'ARCESQAI TWN "HDONWN, "INA 'ELEUQERO$ 'EINAI 'EQIZHTAI KAI
'ONTW$ BASILEU$, 'ARCWN PRWTON TWN 'EN "AUTWI 'ALLA= MH
DOULEUWN, "O DE 'ANDREIOTATO$ 'AFOBON KAI 'ADEA PARASKEUAZWN,
"W$ "OTAN DEISHI6 DOULON 'ONTA; SOI4 D', 'W* 'ALKIBIADH,
<P 122B>
PERIKLH$ 'EPESTHSE PAIDAGWGON TWN 'OIKETWN TON 'ACREIOTATON
"UPO GHRW$, ZWPURON TON QRA*IKA. DIHLQON DE-KAI
THN 'ALLHN 'AN4 SOI4 TWN 'ANTAGWNISTWN TROFHN TE-KAI PAIDEIAN,
'EI MH POLU 'ERGON 'H*N KAI "AMA TAUQ' "IKANA DHLWSAI0
KAI 'TALLA "OSA TOUTOI$ 'AKOLOUQA; TH$ DE SH$ GENESEW$,
'W* 'ALKIBIADH, KAI TROFH$ KAI PAIDEIA$, 'H= 'ALLOU "OTOUOUN
'AQHNAIWN, "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN 'OUDENI MELEI0, 'EI MH 'EI TI$
'ERASTH$ SOU4 TUGCANEI0 'WN. 'EI D' 'AU 'EQELEI$ 'EI$ PLOUTOU$
<P 122C>
'APOBLEYAI0 KAI TRUFA$ KAI 'ESQHTA$ "IMATIWN Q' "ELXEI$ KAI
MURWN 'ALOIFA$ KAI QERAPONTWN PLHQOU$ 'AKOLOUQIA$ THN
TE 'ALLHN "ABROTHTA THN PERSWN, 'AISCUNQEIH$ 'AN4 'EPI SEAUTWI,
'AISQOMENO$ "OSON 'AUTWN 'ELLEIPEI$. 'EI D' 'AU 'EQELHSEI$ 'EI$
SWFROSUNHN TE-KAI KOSMIOTHTA 'APOBLEYAI0 KAI 'EUCEREIAN
KAI 'EUKOLIAN KAI MEGALOFROSUNHN KAI 'EUTAXIAN KAI 'ANDREIAN
KAI KARTERIAN KAI FILOPONIAN KAI FILONIKIAN KAI FILOTIMIA$
TA$ LAKEDAIMONIWN, PAID' 'AN4 "HGHSAIO SAUTON PASI TOI$
<P 122D>
TOIOUTOI$. 'EI D' 'AU TI KAI PLOUTWI PROSECEI$ KAI KATA
TOUTO 'OIEI TI 'EINAI, MHDE TOUQ' "HMIN 'ARRHTON 'ESTW, 'EA=N PW$
'AISQHI4 "OU 'EI*. TOUTO MEN-GAR 'EI 'EQELEI$ 'EI$7 TOU$ LAKEDAIMONIWN
PLOUTOU$ 'IDEIN, GNWSHI2 "OTI4 POLU 'TANQADE TWN
'EKEI 'ELLEIPEI0; GHN MEN-GAR "OSHN 'ECOUSIN0 TH$ Q' "EAUTWN
KAI MESSHNH$, 'OUD' 'AN4 "EI$ 'AMFISBHTHSEIE TWN THIDE PLHQEI
'OUD' 'ARETHI, 'OUD' 'AU 'ANDRAPODWN KTHSEI TWN TE 'ALLWN KAI
TWN "EILWTIKWN, 'OUDE-MHN "IPPWN GE, 'OUD' "OSA 'A=LLA BOSKHMATA
<P 122E>
KATA MESSHNHN NEMETAI. 'ALLA= TAUTA MEN PANTA 'EW0
CAIREIN, CRUSION DE-KAI 'ARGURION 'OUK 'ESTIN 'EN PASIN "ELLHSIN
"OSON 'EN LAKEDAIMONI 'IDIA\; POLLA$ GAR 'HDH GENEA$
'EISERCETAI MEN 'AUTOSE 'EX "APANTWN TWN "ELLHNWN, POLLAKI$
DE-KAI 'EK TWN BARBARWN, 'EXERCETAI DE 'OUDAMOSE,


<P 123A>
'ALL' 'ATECNW$ KATA TON 'AISWPOU MUQON "ON "H 'ALWPHX PRO$
TON LEONTA 'EI*PEN KAI TOU* 'EI$ LAKEDAIMONA NOMISMATO$ 'EISIONTO$1
MEN TA 'ICNH9 TA 'EKEISE TETRAMMENA DHLA, 'EXIONTO$9
DE9 'OUDAMHI 'AN4 TI$ 'IDOI. "WSTE 'EU CRH 'EIDENAI "OTI4 KAI CRUSWI
KAI 'ARGURWI "OI 'EKEI PLOUSIWTATOI 'EISIN TWN "ELLHNWN, KAI
'AUTWN 'EKEINWN "O BASILEU$; 'EK TE-GAR TWN TOIOUTWN MEGISTAI
LHYEI$ KAI PLEISTAI 'EISI TOI$ BASILEUSIN, 'ETI DE-KAI "O
BASILIKO$ FORO$ 'OUK 'OLIGO$ GIGNETAI, "ON TELOUSIN0 "OI LAKEDAIMONIOI
<P 123B>
TOI$ BASILEUSIN. KAI TA MEN LAKEDAIMONIWN "W$
PRO$ "ELLHNIKOU$ MEN PLOUTOU$ MEGALA, "W$ DE PRO$ TOU$
PERSIKOU$ KAI TOU* 'EKEINWN BASILEW$ 'OUDEN. 'EPEI POT'
'EGW 'HKOUSA 'ANDRO$ 'AXIOPISTOU TWN 'ANABEBHKOTWN PARA
BASILEA, "O$ 'EFH PARELQEIN CWRAN PANU POLLHN KAI 'AGAQHN,
'EGGU$ "HMERHSIAN "ODON, "HN KALEIN0 TOU$ 'EPICWRIOU$ ZWNHN
TH$ BASILEW$ GUNAIKO$; 'EINAI DE-KAI 'ALLHN "HN 'AU KALEISQAI
<P 123C>
KALUPTRAN, KAI 'ALLOU$ POLLOU$ TOPOU$ KALOU$ KAI 'AGAQOU$
'EI$ TON KOSMON 'EXHIRHMENOU$ TON TH$ GUNAIKO$, KAI 'ONOMATA
'ECEIN "EKASTOU$ TWN TOPWN 'APO "EKASTOU TWN KOSMWN. "WST'
'OIMAI 'EGW, 'EI TI$ 'EIPOI THI BASILEW$ MHTRI, XERXOU DE
GUNAIKI, 'AMHSTRIDI, "OTI4 'EN NWI 'ECEI SOU4 TW*I "UEI 'ANTITATTESQAI
"O DEINOMACH$ "UO$, "HI 'ESTI KOSMO$ 'ISW$ 'AXIO$ MNWN
PENTHKONTA 'EI PANU POLLOU, TW*I D' "UEI 'AUTH$ GH$ PLEQRA
'ERCIASIN 'OUDE TRIAKOSIA, QAUMASAI0 'AN4 "OTWI POTE PISTEUWN
<P 123D>
'EN NWI 'ECEI0 "OUTO$ "O 'ALKIBIADH$ TW*I 'ARTOXERXHI DIAGWNIZESQAI,
KAI 'OIMAI 'AN4 'AUTHN 'EIPEIN "OTI4 'OUK 'ESQ' "OTWI 'ALLWI
PISTEUWN "OUTO$ 'ANHR 'EPICEIREI0 PLHN 'EPIMELEIA\ TE-KAI
SOFIA\; TAUTA GAR MONA 'A=XIA LOGOU 'EN "ELLHSIN. 'EPEI 'EI
GE PUQOITO "OTI4 'ALKIBIADH$ "OUTO$ NU*N 'EPICEIREI0 PRWTON
MEN 'ETH 'OUDEPW GEGONW$ SFO=DRA 'EIKOSIN, 'EPEITA PANTAPASIN
'APAIDEUTO$, PRO$ DE TOUTOI$, TOU* 'ERASTOU 'AUTWI
LEGONTO$ "OTI4 CRH PRWTON MAQONTA KAI 'EPIMELHQENTA "AUTOU
<P 123E>
KAI 'ASKHSANTA "OUTW$ 'IENAI DIAGWNIOUMENON BASILEI, 'OUK
'EQELEI0, 'ALLA= FHSIN 'EXARKEIN KAI "W$ 'ECEI0, 'OIMAI 'AN4 'AUTHN
QAUMASAI0 TE-KAI 'ERESQAI; TI= 'OUN POT' 'ESTIN "OTWI PISTEUEI0
TO MEIRAKION: 'EI 'OUN LEGOIMEN "OTI4 KALLEI TE-KAI MEGEQEI
KAI GENEI KAI PLOUTWI KAI FUSEI TH$ YUCH$, "HGHSAIT' 'AN4
"HMA$, 'W* 'ALKIBIADH, MAINESQAI PRO$ TA PARA SFISIN 'APOBLEYASA
PANTA TA TOIAUTA. 'OIMAI DE 'KAN4 LAMPIDW, THN


<P 124A>
LEWTUCIDOU MEN QUGATERA, 'ARCIDAMOU DE GUNAIKA, 'AGIDO$
DE MHTERA, "OI= PANTE$ BASILH$ GEGONASIN, QAUMASAI0 'AN4 KAI
TAUTHN 'EI$ TA PARA SFISIN "UPARCONTA 'APOBLEYASAN, 'EI SU
'EN NWI 'ECEI$ TW*I "UEI 'AUTH$ DIAGWNIZESQAI "OUTW KAKW$ 'HGMENO$.
KAITOI 'OUK 'AISCRON DOKEI0 'EINAI, 'EI "AI TWN POLEMIWN GUNAIKE$
BELTION PERI= "HMWN DIANOOUNTAI, "OIOU$ CRH 'ONTA$ SFISIN
'EPICEIREIN, 'H= "HMEI$ PERI= "HMWN-'AUTWN: 'ALL', 'W* MAKARIE,
PEIQOMENO$ 'EMOI4 TE-KAI TW*I 'EN DELFOI$ GRAMMATI, GNWQI
<P 124B>
SAUTON, "OTI4 "OUTOI "HMIN 'EISIN 'ANTIPALOI, 'ALL' 'OUC "OU$ SU
'OIEI; "WN 'ALLWI MEN-'OUD' 'AN4 "ENI PERIGENOIMEQA, 'EI MH PER
'EPIMELEIA\ GE 'AN4 KAI TECNHI. "WN SU 'EI 'APOLEIFQHSHI,
KAI TOU* 'ONOMASTO$ GENESQAI 'APOLEIFQHSHI 'EN "ELLHSI
TE-KAI BARBAROI$, "OU MOI DOKEI$ 'ERAN "W$ 'OUDEI$ 'ALLO$
'ALLOU.
AL _ TI=NA 'OUN CRH THN 'EPIMELEIAN, 'W* SWKRATE$, POIEISQAI:
'ECEI$ 'EXHGHSASQAI: PANTO$ GAR MALLON 'EOIKA$
'ALHQH 'EIRHKOTI.
SW _ NAI; 'ALLA=-GAR KOINH BOULH "WITINI TROPWI 'AN4 "OTI2
<P 124C>
BELTISTOI GENOIMEQA. 'EGW GAR-TOI 'OU PERI= MEN SOU4 LEGW0 "W$
CRH PAIDEUQHNAI, PERI= 'EMOU4 DE 'OU=; 'OU-GAR 'ESQ' "OTWI SOU4
DIAFERW0 PLHN G' "ENI.
AL _ TI=NI:
SW _ "O 'EPITROPO$ "O 'EMO$ BELTIWN 'ESTI KAI SOFWTERO$
'H= PERIKLH$ "O SO$.
AL _ TI=$ "OUTO$, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW _ QEO$, 'W* 'ALKIBIADH, "OSPER SOI4 ME 'OUK 'EIA PRO
THSDE TH$ "HMERA$ DIALECQHNAI; "WI KAI PISTEUWN LEGW0 "OTI4 "H
'EPIFANEIA DI' 'OUDENO$ 'ALLOU SOI4 'ESTAI 'H= DI' 'EMOU4.
<P 124D>
AL _ PAIZEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'ISW$; LEGW0 MENTOI 'ALHQH, "OTI4 'EPIMELEIA$ DEOMEQA,
MALLON MEN PANTE$ 'ANQRWPOI, 'ATAR NW GE-KAI MALA SFO=DRA.
AL _ "OTI4 MEN 'EGW, 'OU YEUDHI0.
SW _ 'OUDE-MHN "OTI4 GE 'EGW.
AL _ TI= 'OUN 'AN4 POIOIMEN:
SW _ 'OUK 'APORRHTEON 'OUDE MALQAKISTEON, 'W* "ETAIRE.
AL _ 'OUTOI-DH PREPEI0 G', 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'OU-GAR, 'ALLA= SKEPTEON KOINHI. KAI MOI LEGE;
<P 124E>
FAMEN GAR-DH "W$ 'ARISTOI BOULESQAI GENESQAI. 'H*-GAR:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ TI=NA 'ARETHN:
AL _ DHLON "OTI4 "HNPER "OI 'ANDRE$ "OI 'AGAQOI.
SW _ "OI TI= 'AGAQOI:
AL _ DHLON "OTI4 "OI PRATTEIN TA PRAGMATA.
SW _ POI*A: 'A*RA TA "IPPIKA:
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ PARA TOU$ "IPPIKOU$ GAR 'AN4 'HIMEN:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'ALLA= TA NAUTIKA LEGEI$:
AL _ 'OU=.
SW _ PARA TOU$ NAUTIKOU$ GAR 'AN4 'HIMEN:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'ALLA= POI*A: "A TI=NE$ PRATTOUSIN0:
AL _ "APER 'AQHNAIWN "OI KALOI 'KAGAQOI.


<P 125A>
SW _ KALOU$ DE 'KAGAQOU$ LEGEI$ TOU$ FRONIMOU$ 'H= TOU$
'AFRONA$:
AL _ TOU$ FRONIMOU$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "O= "EKASTO$ FRONIMO$, TOUT' 'AGAQO$:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ "O= DE 'AFRWN, PONHRO$:
AL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN "O SKUTOTOMO$ FRONIMO$ 'EI$ "UPODHMATWN
'ERGASIAN:
AL _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'AGAQO$ 'A=R' 'EI$ 'AUTA:
AL _ 'AGAQO$.
SW _ TI= D': 'EI$ "IMATIWN 'ERGASIAN 'OUK 'AFRWN "O
SKUTOTOMO$:
AL _ NAI.
<P 125B>
SW _ KAKO$ 'A=RA 'EI$ TOUTO:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ "O 'AUTO$ 'A=RA TOUTWI GE TW*I LOGWI KAKO$ TE-KAI
'AGAQO$.
AL _ FAINETAI.
SW _ 'H*-'OUN LEGEI$ TOU$ 'AGAQOU$ 'ANDRA$ 'EINAI KAI KAKOU$:
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ 'ALLA= TI=NA$ POTE TOU$ 'AGAQOU$ LEGEI$:
AL _ TOU$ DUNAMENOU$ 'EGWGE 'ARCEIN 'EN THI POLEI.
SW _ 'OU-DHPOU "IPPWN GE:
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ 'ALL' 'ANQRWPWN:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'A*RA KAMNONTWN0:
AL _ 'OU=.
SW _ 'ALLA= PLEONTWN0:
AL _ 'OU FHMI.
SW _ 'ALLA= QERIZONTWN0:
AL _ 'OU=.
<P 125C>
SW _ 'ALL' 'OUDEN POIOUNTWN0 'H= TI POIOUNTWN0:
AL _ POIOUNTWN0 LEGW0.
SW _ TI=: PEIRW5 KAI 'EMOI4 DHLWSAI0.
AL _ 'OUKOU*N TWN KAI SUMBALLONTWN0 "EAUTOI$ KAI CRWMENWN
'ALLHLOI$, "WSPER "HMEI$ ZWMEN0 'EN TAI$ POLESIN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'ANQRWPWN LEGEI$ 'ARCEIN 'ANQRWPOI$
CRWMENWN:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'A*RA KELEUSTWN CRWMENWN 'ERETAI$:
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ KUBERNHTIKH GAR "AU=TH GE 'ARETH:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'ALL' 'ANQRWPWN LEGEI$ 'ARCEIN 'AULHTWN, 'ANQRWPOI$
<P 125D>
"HGOUMENWN 'WIDH$ KAI CRWMENWN COREUTAI$:
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ CORODIDASKALIKH GAR "AU=TH G' 'AU:
AL _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'ALLA= TI= POTE LEGEI$ CRWMENWN 'ANQRWPWN 'ANQRWPOI$
"OION-T'-'EINAI 'ARCEIN:
AL _ KOINWNOUNTWN0 'EGWGE LEGW0 POLITEIA$ KAI SUMBALLONTWN0
PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$, TOUTWN 'ARCEIN TWN 'EN THI
POLEI.
SW _ TI=$ 'OUN "AU=TH "H TECNH: "WSPER 'AN4 'EI SE 'EROIMHN
PALIN TA NUNDH, KOINWNOUNTWN0 NAUTILIA$ 'EPISTASQAI 'ARCEIN
TI=$ POIEI0 TECNH:
AL _ KUBERNHTIKH.
<P 125E>
SW _ KOINWNOUNTWN0 D' 'WIDH$, "W$ NUNDH 'ELEGETO, TI=$ 'EPISTHMH
POIEI0 'ARCEIN:
AL _ "HNPER SU 'ARTI 'ELEGE$, "H CORODIDASKALIA.
SW _ TI= DE: POLITEIA$ KOINWNOUNTWN0 TI=NA KALEI$0
'EPISTHMHN:
AL _ 'EUBOULIAN 'EGWGE, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ TI= DE: MWN 'ABOULIA DOKEI0 'EINAI "H TWN KUBERNHTWN:
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ 'ALL' 'EUBOULIA:


<P 126A>
AL _ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'EI$ GE TO SWIZESQAI PLEONTA$.
SW _ KALW$ LEGEI$. TI= DE: "HN SU LEGEI$ 'EUBOULIAN,
'EI$ TI= 'ESTIN:
AL _ 'EI$ TO 'AMEINON THN POLIN DIOIKEIN KAI SWIZESQAI.
SW _ 'AMEINON DE DIOIKEITAI KAI SWIZETAI TI=NO$ PARAGIGNOMENOU
'H= 'APOGIGNOMENOU: "WSPER 'AN4 'EI SU ME 'EROIO;
'AMEINON DIOIKEITAI SWMA KAI SWIZETAI TI=NO$ PARAGIGNOMENOU
'H= 'APOGIGNOMENOU: 'EIPOIM' 'AN4 "OTI4 "UGIEIA$ MEN PARAGIGNOMENH$,
NOSOU DE 'APOGIGNOMENH$. 'OU-KAI SU 'OIEI "OUTW$:
<P 126B>
AL _ NAI.
SW _ KAI 'EI M' 'AU 'EROIO; TI=NO$ DE PARAGIGNOMENOU
'AMEINON 'OMMATA: "WSAUTW$ 'EIPOIM' 'AN4 "OTI4 'OYEW$ MEN PARAGIGNOMENH$,
TUFLOTHTO$ DE 'APOGIGNOMENH$. KAI 'WTA DE
KWFOTHTO$ MEN 'APOGIGNOMENH$, 'AKOH$ DE 'EGGIGNOMENH$
BELTIW TE GIGNETAI KAI 'AMEINON QERAPEUETAI.
AL _ 'ORQW$.
SW _ TI= DE-DH: POLI$ TI=NO$ PARAGIGNOMENOU KAI 'APOGIGNOMENOU
BELTIWN TE GIGNETAI KAI 'AMEINON QERAPEUETAI
KAI DIOIKEITAI:
<P 126C>
AL _ 'EMOI4 MEN DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OTAN FILIA MEN
'AUTOI$ GIGNHTAI PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$, TO MISEIN DE-KAI STASIAZEIN
'APOGIGNHTAI.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN FILIAN LEGEI$ "OMONOIAN 'H= DICONOIAN:
AL _ "OMONOIAN.
SW _ DIA= TI=N' 'OUN TECNHN "OMONOOUSIN0 "AI POLEI$ PERI=
'ARIQMOU$:
AL _ DIA= THN 'ARIQMHTIKHN.
SW _ TI= DE "OI 'IDIWTAI: 'OU DIA= THN 'AUTHN:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'AUTO$ "AUTWI "EKASTO$:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ DIA= TI=NA DE TECNHN "EKASTO$ 'AUTO$ "AUTWI "OMONOEI0
<P 126D>
PERI= SPIQAMH$ KAI PHCEO$ "OPOTERON MEIZON: 'OU DIA= THN
METRHTIKHN:
AL _ TI= MHN:
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI "OI 'IDIWTAI 'ALLHLOI$ KAI "AI POLEI$:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ TI= DE: PERI= STAQMOU 'OUC "WSAUTW$:
AL _ FHMI.
SW _ "HN DE-DH SU LEGEI$ "OMONOIAN, TI=$ 'ESTI KAI PERI=
TOU*2, KAI TI=$ 'AUTHN TECNH PARASKEUAZEI0: KAI-'A*RA "HPER POLEI,
"AUTH= KAI 'IDIWTHI, 'AUTWI TE PRO$ "AUTON KAI PRO$ 'ALLON:
AL _ 'EIKO$ GE-TOI.
SW _ TI=$ 'OUN 'ESTI: MH KAMHI$ 'APOKRINOMENO$, 'ALLA=
<P 126E>
PROQUMOU 'EIPEIN.
AL _ 'EGW MEN 'OIMAI FILIAN TE LEGEIN KAI "OMONOIAN,
"HNPER PATHR TE "UON FILWN "OMONOEI0 KAI MHTHR, KAI 'ADELFO$
'ADELFWI KAI GUNH 'ANDRI.
SW _ 'OIEI 'AN4 'OUN, 'W* 'ALKIBIADH, 'ANDRA GUNAIKI PERI=
TALASIOURGIA$ DUNASQAI "OMONOEIN, TON MH 'EPISTAMENON THI
'EPISTAMENHI:
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ 'OUDE-GE DEI 'OUDEN; GUNAIKEION GAR TOUTO GE MAQHMA.
AL _ NAI.


<P 127A>
SW _ TI= DE: GUNH 'ANDRI PERI= "OPLITIKH$ DUNAIT' 'AN4
"OMONOEIN MH MAQOUSA:
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ 'ANDREION GAR TOUTO GE 'ISW$ 'AU FAIH$ 'AN4 'EINAI.
AL _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'ESTIN 'A=RA TA MEN GUNAIKEI*A, TA DE 'ANDREI*A MAQHMATA
KATA TON SON LOGON.
AL _ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA 'EN GE TOUTOI$ 'ESTIN "OMONOIA GUNAIXI PRO$
'ANDRA$.
AL _ 'OU=.
SW _ 'OUD'-'A=RA FILIA, 'EIPER "H FILIA "OMONOIA 'H*N.
AL _ 'OU FAINETAI.
SW _ "HI 'A=RA "AI GUNAIKE$ TA "AUTWN PRATTOUSIN0, 'OU
FILOUNTAI "UPO TWN 'ANDRWN.
<P 127B>
AL _ 'OUK 'EOIKEN0.
SW _ 'OUD'-'A=RA "OI 'ANDRE$ "UPO TWN GUNAIKWN "HI TA
"AUTWN.
AL _ 'OU=.
SW _ 'OUD' 'EU 'A=RA TAUTHI 'OIKOUNTAI "AI POLEI$, "OTAN TA
"AUTWN "EKASTOI PRATTWSIN:
AL _ 'OIMAI 'EGWGE, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ PW*$ LEGEI$, FILIA$ MH PAROUSH$, "H$ 'EFAMEN 'EGGIGNOMENH$
'EU 'OIKEISQAI TA$ POLEI$, 'ALLW$ D' 'OU=:
AL _ 'ALLA= MOI DOKEI0 KAI KATA TOUT' 'AUTOI$ FILIA
'EGGIGNESQAI, "OTI4 TA "AUTWN "EKATEROI PRATTOUSIN0.
<P 127C>
SW _ 'OUK 'ARTI GE; NU*N DE PW*$ 'AU LEGEI$: "OMONOIA$ MH
'EGGIGNOMENH$ FILIA 'EGGIGNETAI: 'H= "OION-Q' "OMONOIAN 'EGGIGNESQAI
PERI=8 TOUTWN8 "WN "OI MEN 'ISASI PERI= TOUTWN, "OI D' 'OU=:
AL _ 'ADUNATON.
SW _ DI=KAIA DE PRATTOUSIN0 'H= 'ADIKA, "OTAN TA "AUTWN
"EKASTOI PRATTWSIN:
AL _ DI=KAIA; PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ TA DI=KAIA 'OUN PRATTONTWN0 'EN THI POLEI TWN POLITWN
FILIA 'OUK 'EGGIGNETAI PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$:
AL _ 'ANAGKH 'AU MOI DOKEI0 'EINAI, 'W* SWKRATE$.
<P 127D>
SW _ TI=NA 'OUN POTE LEGEI$ THN FILIAN 'H= "OMONOIAN PERI=
"H$ DEI "HMA$ SOFOU$ TE 'EINAI KAI 'EUBOULOU$, "INA 'AGAQOI
'ANDRE$ 'WMEN: 'OU-GAR DUNAMAI MAQEIN 'OUQ' "HTI$ 'OUT' 'EN
"OISTISIN; TOTE= MEN-GAR 'EN TOI$ 'AUTOI$ FAINETAI 'ENOUSA, TOTE=
D' 'OU= "W$ 'EK TOU* SOU2 LOGOU.
AL _ 'ALLA= MA TOU$ QEOU$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUD' 'AUTO$ 'OID'
"OTI2 LEGW0, KINDUNEUW0 DE-KAI PALAI LELHQENAI 'EMAUTON
'AISCISTA 'ECWN.
SW _ 'ALLA= CRH QARREIN. 'EI MEN-GAR 'AUTO 'HISQOU PEPONQW$
<P 127E>
PENTHKONTAETH$, CALEPON 'AN4 'H*N SOI4 'EPIMELHQHNAI SAUTOU;
NU*N D' "HN 'ECEI$ "HLIKIAN, "AU=TH 'ESTIN 'EN "HI DEI 'AUTO
'AISQESQAI.
AL _ TI= 'OUN TON 'AISQANOMENON CRH POIEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW _ 'APOKRINESQAI TA 'ERWTWMENA, 'W* 'ALKIBIADH; KAI
'EA=N TOUTO POIHI$, 'AN2 QEO$ QELHI5, 'EI TI DEI KAI THI 'EMHI MANTEIA\
PISTEUEIN, SU TE 'KAGW BELTION SCHSOMEN.
AL _ 'ESTAI TAUTA "ENEKA GE TOU* 'EME 'APOKRINESQAI.
SW _ FERE DH, TI= 'ESTIN TO "EAUTOU 'EPIMELEISQAI % MH POLLAKI$


<P 128A>
LAQWMEN 'OUC "HMWN-'AUTWN 'EPIMELOUMENOI, 'OIOMENOI DE %
KAI PO=T' 'A=RA 'AUTO POIEI0 "ANQRWPO$: 'A*R' "OTAN TWN "AUTOU
'EPIMELHTAI, TO=TE KAI "AUTOU:
AL _ 'EMOI4 GOUN DOKEI0.
SW _ TI= DE: PODWN "ANQRWPO$ PO=TE 'EPIMELEITAI: 'A*R'
"OTAN 'EKEINWN 'EPIMELHTAI "A 'ESTI TWN PODWN:
AL _ 'OU MANQANW0.
SW _ KALEI$0 DE TI CEIRO$: "OION DAKTULION 'ESTIN "OTOU 'AN4
'ALLOU TWN TOU* 'ANQRWPOU FAIH$ 'H= DAKTULOU:
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI PODO$ "UPODHMA TON 'AUTON TROPON:
AL _ NAI.
SW7 _ KAI7 "IMATIA7 KAI7 STRWMATA7 TOU*7 'ALLOU7 SWMATO$7
"OMOIW$7:
<P 128B>
AL7 _ NAI7.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN "OTAN "UPODHMATWN 'EPIMELWMEQA, TO=TE PODWN
'EPIMELOUMEQA:
AL _ 'OU PANU MANQANW0, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ TI= DE, 'W* 'ALKIBIADH: 'ORQW$ 'EPIMELEISQAI KALEI$0 TI
"OTOUOUN PRAGMATO$:
AL _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN "OTAN TI$ TI BELTION POIHI5, TO=TE 'ORQHN
LEGEI$ 'EPIMELEIAN:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ TI=$ 'OUN TECNH "UPODHMATA BELTIW POIEI0:
AL _ SKUTIKH.
SW _ SKUTIKHI 'A=RA "UPODHMATWN 'EPIMELOUMEQA:
<P 128C>
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'H*-KAI PODO$ SKUTIKHI: 'H= 'EKEINHI "HI PODA$ BELTIOU$
POIOUMEN:
AL _ 'EKEINHI.
SW _ BELTIOU$ DE PODA$ 'OUC "HIPER KAI TO 'ALLO SWMA:
AL _ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW _ "AU=TH D' 'OU GUMNASTIKH:
AL _ MALISTA.
SW _ GUMNASTIKHI MEN-'A=RA PODO$ 'EPIMELOUMEQA, SKUTIKHI
DE TWN TOU* PODO$:
AL _ PANU GE.
SW _ KAI GUMNASTIKHI MEN CEIRWN, DAKTULIOGLUFIA\ DE TWN
TH$ CEIRO$:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ KAI GUMNASTIKHI MEN SWMATO$, "UFANTIKHI DE-KAI TAI$
<P 128D>
'ALLAI$ TWN TOU* SWMATO$:
AL _ PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'ALLHI MEN-'A=RA TECNHI 'AUTOU4 "EKASTOU 'EPIMELOUMEQA,
'ALLHI DE TWN 'AUTOU*.
AL _ FAINETAI.
SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA "OTAN TWN SAUTOU 'EPIMELHI3, SAUTOU 'EPIMELHI0.
AL _ 'OUDAMW$.
SW _ 'OU-GAR "H 'AUTH TECNH, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "HI TI$ 'AN4 "AUTOU TE
'EPIMELOITO KAI TWN "AUTOU.
AL _ 'OU FAINETAI.
SW _ FERE DH, POI=A\ POT' 'AN4 "HMWN-'AUTWN 'EPIMELHQEIHMEN:
AL ^ 'OUK 'ECW0 LEGEIN.
<P 128E>
SW _ 'ALLA= TOSONDE GE "WMOLOGHTAI, "OTI4 'OUC "HI 'AN4 TWN
"HMETERWN KAI "OTIOUN BELTION POIOIMEN, 'ALL' "HI "HMA$-'AUTOU$:
AL _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW _ 'H*-'OUN 'EGNWMEN 'AN4 POTE TI=$ TECNH "UPODHMA BELTION
POIEI0, MH 'EIDOTE$ "UPODHMA:
AL _ 'ADUNATON.
SW _ 'OUDE-GE TI=$ TECNH DAKTULIOU$ BELTIOU$ POIEI0,
'AGNOOUNTE$ DAKTULION.
AL _ 'ALHQH.
SW _ TI= DE: TI=$ TECNH BELTIW POIEI0 'AUTON, 'A*R' 'AN4 POTE
GNOIMEN 'AGNOOUNTE$ TI= POT' 'ESMEN 'AUTOI:


<P 129A>
AL _ 'ADUNATON.
SW _ POTERON 'OUN-DH "RA\DION TUGCANEI0 TO GNWNAI0 "EAUTON,
KAI TI$ 'H*N FAULO$ "O TOUTO 'ANAQEI$ 'EI$ TON 'EN PUQOI NEWN, 'H=
CALEPON TI KAI 'OUCI PANTO$:
AL _ 'EMOI4 MEN, 'W* SWKRATE$, POLLAKI$ MEN 'EDOXE PANTO$
'EINAI, POLLAKI$ DE PAGCALEPON.
SW _ 'ALL', 'W* 'ALKIBIADH, 'EI=TE "RA\DION 'EI=TE MH 'ESTIN, "OMW$
GE "HMIN "WD' 'ECEI0; GNONTE$ MEN 'AUTO TAC' 'AN4 GNOIMEN THN
'EPIMELEIAN "HMWN-'AUTWN, 'AGNOOUNTE$ DE 'OUK 'AN4 POTE.
AL _ 'ESTI TAUTA.
<P 129B>
SW _ FERE DH, TI=N' 'AN4 TROPON "EUREQEIH 'AUTO 'TAUTO: "OUTW
MEN-GAR 'AN4 TAC' "EUROIMEN TI= POT' 'ESMEN 'AUTOI, TOUTOU D' 'ETI
'ONTE$ 'EN 'AGNOIA\ 'ADUNATOI POU.
AL _ 'ORQW$ LEGEI$.
SW _ 'ECE 'OUN PRO$ DIO$. TW*I2 DIALEGHI0 SU NU*N: 'ALLO TI
'H= 'EMOI4:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'EGW SOI4:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ SWKRATH$ 'A=R' 'ESTIN "O DIALEGOMENO$:
AL _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'ALKIBIADH$ D' "O 'AKOUWN.
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N LOGWI DIALEGETAI "O SWKRATH$:
<P 129C>
AL _ TI= MHN:
SW _ TO DE DIALEGESQAI KAI TO LOGWI CRHSQAI 'TAUTON POU
KALEI$0.
AL _ PANU GE.
SW _ "O DE CRWMENO$ KAI "WI CRHTAI0 'OUK 'ALLO:
AL _ PW*$ LEGEI$:
SW _ "WSPER SKUTOTOMO$ TEMNEI0 POU TOMEI KAI SMILHI KAI
'ALLOI$ 'ORGANOI$.
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'ALLO MEN "O TEMNWN KAI CRWMENO$, 'ALLO DE
"OI$ TEMNWN CRHTAI0:
AL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN "OUTW$ KAI "OI$ "O KIQARISTH$ KIQARIZEI0 KAI
'AUTO$ "O KIQARISTH$ 'ALLO 'AN4 'EIH:
AL _ NAI.
<P 129D>
SW _ TOUTO TOINUN 'ARTIW$ 'HRWTWN, 'EI "O CRWMENO$ KAI "WI
CRHTAI0 'AEI DOKEI0 "ETERON 'EINAI.
AL _ DOKEI0.
SW _ TI= 'OUN FWMEN TON SKUTOTOMON: TEMNEIN 'ORGANOI$
MONON 'H=-KAI CERSIN:
AL _ KAI CERSIN.
SW _ CRHTAI0 'A=RA-KAI TAUTAI$:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'H*-KAI TOI$ 'OFQALMOI$ CRWMENO$ SKUTOTOMEI0:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ TON DE CRWMENON KAI "OI$ CRHTAI0 "E=TERA "OMOLOGOUMEN:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ "ETERON 'A=RA SKUTOTOMO$ KAI KIQARISTH$ CEIRWN KAI
<P 129E>
'OFQALMWN "OI$ 'ERGAZONTAI:
AL _ FAINETAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI PANTI TW*I SWMATI CRHTAI0 "ANQRWPO$:
AL _ PANU GE.
SW _ "ETERON D' 'H*N TO TE CRWMENON KAI "WI CRHTAI0:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ "ETERON 'A=RA "ANQRWPO$ 'ESTI TOU* SWMATO$ TOU* "EAUTOU:
AL _ 'EOIKEN0.
SW _ TI= POT' 'OUN "O 'ANQRWPO$:
AL _ 'OUK 'ECW0 LEGEIN.
SW _ 'ECEI$ MEN-'OUN, "OTI4 GE TO TW*I SWMATI CRWMENON.
AL _ NAI.


<P 130A>
SW _ 'H*-'OUN 'ALLO TI CRHTAI0 'AUTWI 'H= YUCH:
AL _ 'OUK 'ALLO.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'ARCOUSA:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ KAI-MHN TODE G' 'OIMAI 'OUDENA 'AN4 'ALLW$ 'OIHQHNAI.
AL _ TO POI*ON:
SW _ MH 'OU TRIWN "EN GE TI 'EINAI TON 'ANQRWPON.
AL _ TI=NWN:
SW _ YUCHN 'H= SWMA 'H= SUNAMFOTERON, TO "OLON TOUTO.
AL _ TI= MHN:
SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN 'AUTO GE TO TOU* SWMATO$ 'ARCON "WMOLOGHSAMEN
'ANQRWPON 'EINAI:
<P 130B>
AL _ "WMOLOGHSAMEN.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN SWMA 'AUTO "AUTOU 'ARCEI0:
AL _ 'OUDAMW$.
SW _ 'ARCESQAI GAR 'AUTO 'EIPOMEN.
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'OUK 'AN4 DH TOUTO GE 'EIH "O= ZHTOUMEN.
AL _ 'OUK 'EOIKEN0.
SW _ 'ALL'-'A=RA TO SUNAMFOTERON TOU* SWMATO$ 'ARCEI0, KAI
'ESTI DH TOUTO 'ANQRWPO$:
AL _ 'ISW$ DHTA.
SW _ PANTWN GE "HKISTA; MH-GAR SUNARCONTO$ TOU* "ETEROU
'OUDEMIA POU MHCANH TO SUNAMFOTERON 'ARCEIN.
AL _ 'ORQW$.
<P 130C>
SW _ 'EPEIDH D'-'OUTE SWMA 'OUTE TO SUNAMFOTERON 'ESTIN
'ANQRWPO$, LEIPETAI 'OIMAI 'H= MHDEN 'AUT' 'EINAI, 'H= 'EIPER TI 'ESTI,
MHDEN 'ALLO TON 'ANQRWPON SUMBAINEIN 'H= YUCHN.
AL _ KOMIDHI MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'ETI 'OUN TI SAFESTERON DEI 'APODEICQHNAI SOI4 "OTI4 "H
YUCH 'ESTIN 'ANQRWPO$:
AL _ MA DI=A, 'ALL' "IKANW$ MOI DOKEI0 'ECEIN.
SW _ 'EI DE-GE MH 'AKRIBW$ 'ALLA=-KAI METRIW$, 'EXARKEI0
"HMIN; 'AKRIBW$ MEN-GAR TO=TE 'EISOMEQA, "OTAN "EURWMEN "O= NUNDH
<P 130D>
PARHLQOMEN DIA= TO POLLH$ 'EINAI SKEYEW$.
AL _ TI= TOUTO:
SW _ "O= 'ARTI "OUTW PW$ 'ERRHQH, "OTI4 PRWTON SKEPTEON 'EIH
'AUTO TO 'AUTO; NU*N DE 'ANTI TOU* 'AUTOU4 'AUTO "EKASTON 'ESKEMMEQA
"OTI2 'ESTI. KAI 'ISW$ 'EXARKESEI2; 'OU-GAR-POU KURIWTERON GE
'OUDEN 'AN4 "HMWN-'AUTWN FHSAIMEN 'H= THN YUCHN.
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N KALW$ 'ECEI0 "OUTW NOMIZEIN, 'EME KAI SE PROSOMILEIN
'ALLHLOI$ TOI$ LOGOI$ CRWMENOU$ THI YUCHI PRO$ THN
YUCHN:
<P 130E>
AL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ TOUT' 'A=RA 'H*N "O= KAI 'OLIGWI 'EMPROSQEN 'EIPOMEN,
"OTI4 SWKRATH$ 'ALKIBIADHI DIALEGETAI LOGWI CRWMENO$, 'OU
PRO$ TO SON PROSWPON, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'ALLA= PRO$ TON
'ALKIBIADHN POIOUMENO$ TOU$ LOGOU$; TOUTO DE 'ESTIN "H
YUCH.
AL _ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW _ YUCHN 'A=RA "HMA$ KELEUEI0 GNWRISAI0 "O 'EPITATTWN
GNWNAI0 "EAUTON.


<P 131A>
AL _ 'EOIKEN0.
SW _ "OSTI$ 'A=RA TWN TOU* SWMATO$ TI GIGNWSKEI0, TA "AUTOU
'ALL' 'OUC "AUTON 'EGNWKEN0.
AL _ "OUTW$.
SW _ 'OUDEI$ 'A=RA TWN 'IATRWN "EAUTON GIGNWSKEI0, KAQ'
"OSON 'IATRO$, 'OUDE TWN PAIDOTRIBWN, KAQ' "OSON
PAIDOTRIBH$.
AL _ 'OUK 'EOIKEN0.
SW _ POLLOU 'A=RA DEOUSIN0 "OI GEWRGOI KAI "OI 'ALLOI DHMIOURGOI
GIGNWSKEIN "EAUTOU$. 'OUDE-GAR TA "EAUTWN "OUTOI GE,
"W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'ALL' 'ETI PORRWTERW TWN "EAUTWN KATA GE TA$
<P 131B>
TECNA$ "A$ 'ECOUSIN0; TA GAR TOU* SWMATO$ GIGNWSKOUSIN0, "OI$
TOUTO QERAPEUETAI.
AL _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW _ 'EI 'A=RA SWFROSUNH 'ESTI TO "EAUTON GIGNWSKEIN,
'OUDEI$ TOUTWN SWFRWN KATA THN TECNHN.
AL _ 'OU MOI DOKEI0.
SW _ DIA= TAUTA DH-KAI BANAUSOI "AUTAI "AI TECNAI DOKOUSIN0
'EINAI KAI 'OUK 'ANDRO$ 'AGAQOU MAQHMATA.
AL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N PALIN "OSTI$ 'AU SWMA QERAPEUEI0, TA "EAUTOU
'ALL' 'OUC "AUTON QERAPEUEI0:
AL _ KINDUNEUEI0.
SW _ "OSTI$ DE-GE TA CRHMATA, 'OUQ' "EAUTON 'OUTE TA
<P 131C>
"EAUTOU, 'ALL' 'ETI PORRWTERW TWN "EAUTOU:
AL _ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0:
SW _ 'OU TA "AUTOU 'A=RA 'ETI PRATTEI0 "O CRHMATISTH$.
AL _ 'ORQW$.
SW _ 'EI 'A=RA TI$ GEGONEN0 'ERASTH$ TOU* 'ALKIBIADOU
SWMATO$ 'OUK 'ALKIBIADOU 'A=RA 'HRASQH 'ALLA= TINO$ TWN
'ALKIBIADOU.
AL _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW _ "OSTI$ DE SOU4 TH$ YUCH$ 'ERA*I0:
AL _ 'ANAGKH FAINETAI 'EK TOU* LOGOU.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "O MEN TOU* SWMATO$ SOU4 'ERWN, 'EPEIDH LHGEI0
'ANQOUN, 'APIWN 'OICETAI:
AL _ FAINETAI.
<P 131D>
SW _ "O DE-GE TH$ YUCH$ 'ERWN 'OUK 'APEISIN, "EW$ 'AN4 'EPI TO
BELTION 'IHI:
AL _ 'EIKO$ GE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EGW 'EIMI "O 'OUK 'APIWN 'ALLA= PARAMENWN0
LHGONTO$ TOU* SWMATO$, TWN 'ALLWN 'APELHLUQOTWN.
AL _ 'EU GE POIW*N, 'W* SWKRATE$; KAI-MHDE 'APELQOI$.
SW _ PROQUMOU TOINUN "OTI2 KALLISTO$ 'EINAI.
AL _ 'ALLA= PROQUMHSOMAI.
<P 131E>
SW _ "W$ "OUTW GE SOI4 'ECEI0; 'OUT' 'EGENEQ' "W$ 'EOIKEN0,
'ALKIBIADHI TW*I KLEINIOU 'ERASTH$ 'OUT' 'ESTIN 'ALL'-'H= "EI$
MONO$, KAI "OUTO$ 'AGAPHTO$, SWKRATH$ "O SWFRONISKOU KAI
FAINARETH$.
AL _ 'ALHQH.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EFHSQA SMIKRON FQHNAI0 ME PROSELQONTA SOI4,
'EPEI PROTERO$ 'AN4 MOI PROSELQEIN, BOULOMENO$ PUQESQAI DI'
"OTI2 MONO$ 'OUK 'APERCOMAI:
AL _ 'H*N GAR "OUTW.
SW _ TOUTO TOINUN 'AITION, "OTI4 MONO$ 'ERASTH$ 'H*N SO$, "OI
D' 'ALLOI TWN SWN; TA DE SA LHGEI0 "WRA$, SU D' 'ARCHI0 'ANQEIN.


<P 132A>
KAI NU*N GE 'AN2 MH DIAFQARHI$ "UPO TOU* 'AQHNAIWN DHMOU KAI
'AISCIWN GENHI4, 'OU MH SE 'APOLIPW. TOUTO GAR-DH MALISTA
'EGW FOBOUMAI, MH DHMERASTH$ "HMIN GENOMENO$ DIAFQARHI$;
POLLOI GAR 'HDH KAI 'AGAQOI 'AUTO PEPONQASIN 'AQHNAIWN.
'EUPROSWPO$ GAR "O TOU* MEGALHTORO$9 DHMO$1 'ERECQEW$1;
'ALL' 'APODUNTA CRH 'AUTON QEASASQAI. 'EULABOU 'OUN THN
'EULABEIAN "HN 'EGW LEGW0.
AL _ TI=NA:
<P 132B>
SW _ GUMNASAI2 PRWTON, 'W* MAKARIE, KAI MAQE "A DEI MAQONTA
'IENAI 'EPI TA TH$ POLEW$, PROTERON DE MH, "IN' 'ALEXIFARMAKA
'ECWN 'IHI$ KAI MHDEN PAQHI$ DEINON.
AL _ 'EU MOI DOKEI$ LEGEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$; 'ALLA= PEIRW5
'EXHGEISQAI "ONTIN' 'AN4 TROPON 'EPIMELHQEIMEN "HMWN-'AUTWN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TOSOUTON MEN "HMIN 'EI$ TO PROSQEN PEPERANTAI %
"O= GAR 'ESMEN, 'EPIEIKW$ "WMOLOGHTAI % 'EFOBOUMEQA DE MH
TOUTOU SFALENTE$ LAQWMEN "ETEROU TINO$ 'EPIMELOMENOI 'ALL'
'OUC "HMWN.
AL _ 'ESTI TAUTA.
<P 132C>
SW _ KAI META TOUTO DH "OTI4 YUCH$ 'EPIMELHTEON KAI 'EI$
TOUTO BLEPTEON.
AL _ DHLON.
SW _ SWMATWN DE-KAI CRHMATWN THN 'EPIMELEIAN "ETEROI$
PARADOTEON.
AL _ TI= MHN:
SW _ TI=N' 'OUN 'AN4 TROPON GNOIMEN 'AUTO 'ENARGESTATA:
'EPEIDH TOUTO GNONTE$, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, KAI "HMA$-'AUTOU$ GNWSOMEQA.
'A*RA PRO$ QEWN 'EU LEGONTO$ "OU NUNDH 'EMNHSQHMEN
TOU* DELFIKOU GRAMMATO$ 'OU SUNIEMEN:
AL _ TO POI*ON TI DIANOOUMENO$ LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$:
<P 132D>
SW _ 'EGW SOI4 FRASW2, "O= GE "UPOPTEUW0 LEGEIN KAI SUMBOULEUEIN
"HMIN TOUTO TO GRAMMA. KINDUNEUEI0 GAR-'OUDE POLLACOU
'EINAI PARADEIGMA 'AUTOU4, 'ALLA= KATA THN 'OYIN MONON.
AL _ PW*$ TOUTO LEGEI$:
SW _ SKOPEI5 KAI SU. 'EI "HMWN TW*I 'OMMATI "WSPER 'ANQRWPWI
SUMBOULEUON 'EI*PEN 'IDE SAUTON, PW*$ 'AN4 "UPELABOMEN TI=
PARAINEIN: 'A*RA 'OUCI 'EI$ TOUTO BLEPEIN, 'EI$ "O= BLEPWN "O
'OFQALMO$ 'EMELLEN "AUTON 'IDEIN:
AL _ DHLON.
SW _ 'ENNOWMEN DH 'EI$ TI= BLEPONTE$ TWN 'ONTWN0 'EKEINO
<P 132E>
TE "ORWIMEN "AMA 'AN4 KAI "HMA$-'AUTOU$:
AL _ DHLON DH, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OTI4 'EI$ KATOPTRA TE-KAI TA
TOIAUTA.
SW _ 'ORQW$ LEGEI$. 'OUKOU*N KAI TW*I 'OFQALMWI "WI "ORWMEN0
'ENESTI TI7 TWN TOIOUTWN:
AL _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'ENNENOHKA$ 'OUN "OTI4 TOU* 'EMBLEPONTO$ 'EI$ TON


<P 133A>
'OFQALMON TO PROSWPON 'EMFAINETAI 'EN THI TOU* KATANTIKRU
'OYEI "WSPER 'EN KATOPTRWI "O= DH-KAI KORHN KALOUMEN0, 'EIDWLON
'ON TI TOU* 'EMBLEPONTO$:
AL _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW _ 'OFQALMO$ 'A=RA 'OFQALMON QEWMENO$, KAI 'EMBLEPWN
'EI$ TOUTO "OPER BELTISTON 'AUTOU4 KAI "WI "ORA*I0, "OUTW$ 'AN4 "AUTON
'IDOI.
AL _ FAINETAI.
SW _ 'EI DE-G' 'EI$ 'ALLO TWN TOU* 'ANQRWPOU BLEPOI 'H= TI
TWN 'ONTWN0, PLHN 'EI$ 'EKEINO "WI TOUTO TUGCANEI0 "OMOION, 'OUK
'OYETAI "EAUTON.
<P 133B>
AL _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW _ 'OFQALMO$ 'A=R' 'EI MELLEI0 'IDEIN "AUTON, 'EI$ 'OFQALMON
'AUTWI BLEPTEON, KAI TOU* 'OMMATO$ 'EI$ 'EKEINON TON TOPON
'EN "WI TUGCANEI0 "H 'OFQALMOU 'ARETH 'EGGIGNOMENH; 'ESTI DE
TOUTO POU 'OYI$:
AL _ "OUTW$.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN, 'W* FILE 'ALKIBIADH, KAI YUCH 'EI MELLEI0
GNWSESQAI "AUTHN, 'EI$ YUCHN 'AUTHI BLEPTEON, KAI MALIST'
'EI$ TOUTON 'AUTH$ TON TOPON 'EN "WI 'EGGIGNETAI "H YUCH$ 'ARETH,
SOFIA, KAI 'EI$ 'ALLO "WI TOUTO TUGCANEI0 "OMOION 'ON:
AL _ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$.
<P 133C>
SW _ 'ECOMEN 'OUN 'EIPEIN "OTI2 'ESTI TH$ YUCH$ QEIOTERON
'H= TOUTO, PERI= "O= TO 'EIDENAI TE-KAI FRONEIN 'ESTIN:
AL _ 'OUK 'ECOMEN.
SW _ TW*I QEWI 'A=RA TOUT' 'EOIKEN0 'AUTH$, KAI TI$ 'EI$ TOUTO
BLEPWN KAI PAN TO QEION GNOU$, QEON TE-KAI FRONHSIN,
"OUTW KAI "EAUTON 'AN4 GNOIH MALISTA.
AL _ FAINETAI.
SW7 _ 'A*R'7-'OUN7, "OQ'7 "WSPER7 KATOPTRA7 'ESTI7 SAFE=STERA7 TOU*7
'EN7 TW*I7 'OFQALMWI7 'ENOPTROU7 KAI7 KAQARW=TERA7 KAI7 LAMPRO=TERA7,
"OUTW7 KAI7 "O7 QEO$7 TOU*7 'EN7 THI7 "HMETERA\7 YUCHI7 BELTISTOU7 KAQARWTERON7
TE7-KAI7 LAMPROTERON7 TUGCANEI70 'ON7:
AL7 _ 'EOIKE70 GE7, 'W*7 SWKRATE$7.
SW7 _ 'EI$7 TON7 QEON7 'A=RA7 BLEPONTE$7 'EKEINWI7 KALLISTWI7
'ENOPTRWI7 CRWIMEQ'7 'AN74 KAI7 TWN7 'ANQRWPINWN7 'EI$7 THN7 YUCH$7
'ARETHN7, KAI7 "OUTW$7 'AN74 MALISTA7 "ORWIMEN7 KAI7 GIGNWSKOIMEN7
"HMA$7-'AUTOU$7.
AL7 _ NAI7.
SW _ TO DE GIGNWSKEIN "AUTON "WMOLOGOUMEN SWFROSUNHN
'EINAI:
AL _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN MH GIGNWSKONTE$ "HMA$-'AUTOU$ MHDE SWFRONE$
'ONTE$ DUNAIMEQ' 'AN4 'EIDENAI TA "HME=TERA-'AUTWN KAKA
TE-KAI 'AGAQA.
AL _ KAI PW*$ 'AN4 TOUTO GENOITO, 'W* SWKRATE$:
<P 133D>
SW _ 'ADUNATON GAR 'ISW$ SOI4 FAINETAI MH GIGNWSKONTA
'ALKIBIADHN TA 'ALKIBIADOU GIGNWSKEIN "OTI4 'ALKIBIADOU
'ESTIN.
AL _ 'ADUNATON MENTOI NH DI=A.
SW _ 'OUD'-'A=RA TA "HME=TERA "OTI4 "HME=TERA, 'EI MHD'
"HMA$-'AUTOU$:
AL _ PW*$ GAR:
SW _ 'EI D'-'A=RA MHDE TA "HME=TERA, 'OUDE TA TWN "HMETERWN:
AL _ 'OU FAINETAI.
SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA PANU TI 'ORQW$ "WMOLOGOUMEN "OMOLOGOUNTE$
'ARTI 'EINAI TINA$ "OI= "EAUTOU$ MEN 'OU GIGNWSKOUSIN0, TA D' "AUTWN,
'ALLOU$ DE TA TWN "EAUTWN. 'EOIKE0 GAR PANTA TAUTA 'EINAI
<P 133E>
KATIDEIN "ENO$ TE-KAI MIA$ TECNH$, "AUTON, TA "AUTOU, TA TWN
"EAUTOU.
AL _ KINDUNEUEI0.
SW _ "OSTI$ DE TA "AUTOU 'AGNOEI0, KAI TA TWN 'ALLWN POU
'AN4 'AGNOOI KATA 'TAUTA.
AL _ TI= MHN:
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EI TA TWN 'ALLWN, KAI TA TWN POLEWN 'AGNOHSEI2.
AL _ 'ANAGKH.
SW _ 'OUK-'A=R' 'AN4 GENOITO "O TOIOUTO$ 'ANHR POLITIKO$.
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ 'OU-MHN-'OUD' 'OIKONOMIKO$ GE.


<P 134A>
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ 'OUDE-GE 'EISETAI "OTI2 PRATTEI0.
AL _ 'OU-GAR-'OUN.
SW _ "O DE MH 'EIDW$ 'OUC "AMARTHSETAI:
AL _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'EXAMARTANWN DE 'OU KAKW$ PRAXEI2 'IDIA\ TE-KAI
DHMOSIA\:
AL _ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
SW _ KAKW$ DE PRATTWN 'OUK 'AQLIO$:
AL _ SFO=DRA GE.
SW _ TI= D' "OI$ "OUTO$ PRATTEI0:
AL _ KAI "OUTOI.
SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA "OION-TE, 'EA=N MH TI$ SWFRWN KAI 'AGAQO$ 'HI
'EUDAIMONA 'EINAI.
<P 134B>
AL _ 'OUC "OION-TE.
SW _ "OI 'A=RA KAKOI TWN 'ANQRWPWN 'AQLIOI.
AL _ SFO=DRA GE.
SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA-'OUD' "O PLOUTHSA$ 'AQLIOTHTO$ 'APALLATTETAI,
'ALL' "O SWFRONHSA$.
AL _ FAINETAI.
SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA TEICWN 'OUDE TRIHRWN 'OUDE NEWRIWN DEONTAI
"AI POLEI$, 'W* 'ALKIBIADH, 'EI MELLOUSIN0 'EUDAIMONHSEIN, 'OUDE
PLHQOU$ 'OUDE MEGEQOU$ 'ANEU 'ARETH$.
AL _ 'OU-MENTOI.
SW _ 'EI DH MELLEI$ TA TH$ POLEW$ PRAXEIN 'ORQW$ KAI
<P 134C>
KALW$, 'ARETH$ SOI4 METADOTEON TOI$ POLITAI$.
AL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ DUNAITO D' 'AN4 TI$ METADIDONAI "O= MH 'ECOI:
AL _ KAI PW*$:
SW _ 'AUTWI 'A=RA SOI4 PRWTON KTHTEON 'ARETHN, KAI 'ALLWI "O$
MELLEI0 MH 'IDIA\ MONON "AUTOU TE-KAI TWN "AUTOU 'ARXEIN KAI
'EPIMELHSESQAI, 'ALLA= POLEW$ KAI TWN TH$ POLEW$.
AL _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA 'EXOUSIAN SOI4 'OUD' 'ARCHN PARASKEUASTEON
SAUTWI POIEIN "OTI2 'AN4 BOULHI3, 'OUDE THI POLEI, 'ALLA= DIKAIOSUNHN
KAI SWFROSUNHN.
AL _ FAINETAI.
<P 134D>
SW _ DIKAIW$ MEN-GAR PRATTONTE$ KAI SWFRONW$ SU TE-KAI
"H POLI$ QEOFILW$ PRAXETE.
AL _ 'EIKO$ GE.
SW _ KAI "OPER GE 'EN TOI$ PROSQEN 'ELEGOMEN, 'EI$ TO
QEION KAI LAMPRON "ORWNTE$ PRAXETE.
AL _ FAINETAI.
SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN 'ENTAUQA GE BLEPONTE$ "UMA$ TE 'AUTOU$
KAI TA "UME=TERA 'AGAQA KATOYESQE KAI GNWSESQE.
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'ORQW$ TE-KAI 'EU PRAXETE:
AL _ NAI.
<P 134E>
SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN "OUTW GE PRATTONTA$ "UMA$ 'EQELW0 'EGGUHSASQAI
'H*-MHN 'EUDAIMONHSEIN.
AL _ 'ASFALH$ GAR 'EI* 'EGGUHTH$.
SW _ 'ADIKW$ DE-GE PRATTONTE$, 'EI$ TO 'AQEON KAI SKOTEINON
BLEPONTE$, "W$ TA 'EIKOTA, "O=MOIA TOUTOI$ PRAXETE 'AGNOOUNTE$
"UMA$-'AUTOU$.
AL _ 'EOIKEN0.
SW _ "WI GAR 'AN74, 'W* FILE 'ALKIBIADH, 'EXOUSIA MEN 'HI
POIEIN "O= BOULETAI, NOUN DE MH 'ECHI5, TI= TO 'EIKO$ SUMBAINEIN,
'IDIWTHI 'H=-KAI POLEI: "OION NOSOUNTI 'EXOUSIA$ 'OUSH$ DRAN "O=


<P 135A>
BOULETAI, NOUN 'IATRIKON MH 'ECONTI, TURANNOUNTI DE "W$ MHDEN
'EPIPLHTTOI TI$ 'AUTWI, TI= TO SUMBHSOMENON: 'A*R' 'OUC, "W$ TO
'EIKO$, DIAFQARHNAI TO SWMA:
AL _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW _ TI= D' 'EN NHI, 'EI TWI 'EXOUSIA 'EIH POIEIN "O= DOKEI0, NOU
TE-KAI 'ARETH$ KUBERNHTIKH$ 'ESTERHMENWI, KAQORA*I$0 "A 'AN4
SUMBAIH 'AUTWI TE-KAI TOI$ SUNNAUTAI$:
AL _ 'EGWGE, "OTI4 GE 'APOLOINTO PANTE$ 'AN4.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "WSAUTW$ 'EN POLEI TE-KAI PASAI$ 'ARCAI$ KAI
<P 135B>
'EXOUSIAI$ 'APOLEIPOMENAI$ 'ARETH$ "EPETAI TO KAKW$ PRATTEIN:
AL _ 'ANAGKH.
SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA TURANNIDA CRH, 'W* 'ARISTE 'ALKIBIADH, PARASKEUAZESQAI
'OUQ' "AUTWI 'OUTE THI POLEI, 'EI MELLETE0 'EUDAIMONEIN,
'ALL' 'ARETHN.
AL _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW _ PRIN DE-GE 'ARETHN 'ECEIN, TO 'ARCESQAI 'AMEINON "UPO
TOU* BELTIONO$ 'H= TO 'ARCEIN 'ANDRI, 'OU MONON PAIDI.
AL _ FAINETAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TO G' 'AMEINON KAI KALLION:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ TO DE KALLION PREPWDESTERON:
<P 135C>
AL _ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
SW _ PREPEI0 'A=RA TW*I KAKWI DOULEUEIN; 'AMEINON GAR.
AL _ NAI.
SW _ DOULOPREPE$ 'A=R' "H KAKIA.
AL _ FAINETAI.
SW _ 'ELEUQEROPREPE$ DE "H 'ARETH.
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N FEUGEIN CRH, 'W* "ETAIRE, THN DOULOPREPEIAN:
AL _ MALISTA GE, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'AISQANHI0 DE NU*N PW*$ 'ECEI$: 'ELEUQEROPREPW$ 'H= 'OU=:
AL _ DOKW0 MOI KAI MALA SFO=DRA 'AISQANESQAI.
SW _ 'OISQ' 'OUN PW*$ 'APOFEUXHI2 TOUTO TO PERI= SE NU*N:
"INA MH 'ONOMAZWMEN 'AUTO 'EPI KALWI 'ANDRI.
<P 135D>
AL _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ PW*$:
AL _ 'EA=N BOULHI3 SU, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'OU KALW$ LEGEI$, 'W* 'ALKIBIADH.
AL _ 'ALLA= PW*$ CRH LEGEIN:
SW _ "OTI4 'EA=N QEO$ 'EQELHI5.
AL _ LEGW0 DH. KAI PRO$ TOUTOI$ MENTOI TODE LEGW0, "OTI4
KINDUNEUSOMEN METABALEIN TO SCHMA, 'W* SWKRATE$, TO MEN
SON 'EGW, SU DE 'TOUMON; 'OU-GAR 'ESTIN "OPW$ 'OU PAIDAGWGHSW2
SE 'APO THSDE TH$ "HMERA$, SU D' "UP' 'EMOU4 PAIDAGWGHSHI2.
<P 135E>
SW _ 'W* GENNAIE, PELARGOU 'A=RA "O 'EMO$ 'ERW$ 'OUDEN
DIOISEI2, 'EI PARA SOI4 'ENNEOTTEUSA$ 'ERWTA "UPOPTERON "UPO
TOUTOU PALIN QERAPEUSETAI.
AL _ 'ALLA= "OUTW$ 'ECEI0, KAI 'ARXOMAI GE 'ENTEUQEN TH$
DIKAIOSUNH$ 'EPIMELESQAI.
SW _ BOULOIMHN 'AN4 SE KAI DIATELESAI0; 'ORRWDW0 DE, 'OU TI
THI SHI FUSEI 'APISTWN, 'ALLA= THN TH$ POLEW$ "ORWN "RWMHN,
MH 'EMOU4 TE-KAI SOU4 KRATHSHI6.


<B ALKD>


<P 138A>
SW _ 'W* 'ALKIBIADH, 'A*RA-GE PRO$ TON QEON PROSEUXOMENO$
POREUHI0:
AL _ PANU MEN-'OUN, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ FAINHI0 GE-TOI 'ESKUQRWPAKENAI TE-KAI 'EI$ GHN
BLEPEIN, "W$ TI SUNNOOUMENO$.
AL _ KAI TI= 'AN4 TI$ SUNNOOITO, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW _ THN MEGISTHN, 'W* 'ALKIBIADH, SUNNOIAN, "W$ G' 'EMOI4
<P 138B>
DOKEI0. 'EPEI FERE PRO$ DIO$, 'OUK 'OIEI TOU$ QEOU$, "A
TUGCANOMEN 'EUCOMENOI KAI 'IDIA\ KAI DHMOSIA\, 'ENIOTE TOUTWN
TA MEN DIDONAI, TA D' 'OU=, KAI 'ESTIN "OI$ MEN 'AUTWN, 'ESTI
D' "OI$ 'OU=:
AL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N DOKEI0 SOI4 POLLH$ PROMHQEIA$ GE PROSDEISQAI,
"OPW$ MH LHSETAI "AUTON 'EUCOMENO$ MEGALA KAKA, DOKWN D'
'AGAQA, "OI DE QEOI TUCWSIN 'EN TAUTHI 'ONTE$ THI "EXEI, 'EN "HI
DIDOASIN 'AUTOI "A TI$ 'EUCOMENO$ TUGCANEI0: "WSPER TON 'OIDIPOUN
<P 138C>
'AUTIKA FASIN0 'EUXASQAI CALKWI DIELESQAI TA PATRW*IA
TOU$ "UEI$; 'EXON 'AUTWI TWN PARONTWN0 'AUTWI KAKWN 'APOTROPHN
TINA 'EUXASQAI, "E=TERA PRO$ TOI$ "UPARCOUSIN4 KATHRATO; TOIGAROUN
TAUTA TE 'EXETELESQH, KAI 'EK TOUTWN 'A=LLA POLLA KAI
DEINA, "A TI= DEI KAQ' "EKASTA LEGEIN:
AL _ 'ALLA= SU MEN, 'W* SWKRATE$, MAINOMENON 'ANQRWPON
'EIRHKA$; 'EPEI TI=$ 'AN4 SOI4 DOKEI0 TOLMHSAI0 "UGIAINWN TOIAUT'
'EUXASQAI:
SW _ TO MAINESQAI 'A*RA-GE "UPENANTION SOI4 DOKEI0 TW*I
FRONEIN:
AL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
<P 138D>
SW _ 'AFRONE$ DE-KAI FRONIMOI DOKOUSIN0 'ANQRWPOI 'EINAI
TINE$ SOI4:
AL _ 'EINAI MENTOI.
SW _ FERE DH, 'EPISKEYWMEQA TI=NE$ POT' 'EISIN "OUTOI. "OTI4
MEN-GAR 'EISI TINE$, "WMOLOGHTAI, 'AFRONE$ TE-KAI FRONIMOI,
KAI MAINOMENOI "ETEROI.
AL _ "WMOLOGHTAI GAR.
SW _ 'ETI DE "UGIAINONTE$ 'EISI TINE$:
AL _ 'EISIN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'ASQENOUNTE$ "ETEROI:


<P 139A>
AL _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'OUC "OI 'AUTOI:
AL _ 'OU-GAR.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN-KAI "ETEROI TINE$ 'EISIN, "OI=4 MHDE=TERA TOUTWN
PEPONQASIN:
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ 'ANAGKH GAR 'ESTIN 'ANQRWPON 'ONTA 'H= NOSEIN 'H= MH
NOSEIN.
AL _ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW _ TI= DE: PERI= FRONHSEW$ KAI 'AFROSUNH$ 'A*RA-GE THN
'AUTHN 'ECEI$ SU GNWMHN:
AL _ PW*$ LEGEI$:
SW _ 'EI DOKEI0 SOI4 "OION-TE-'EINAI 'H= FRONIMON 'H= 'AFRONA, 'H=
'ESTI TI DIA= MESOU TRITON PAQO$, "O= POIEI0 TON 'ANQRWPON MHTE
<P 139B>
FRONIMON MHTE 'AFRONA:
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ 'ANAGKH 'A=R' 'ESTI TO "ETERON TOUTWN PEPONQENAI.
AL _ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N MEMNHSAI "OMOLOGHSA$ "UPENANTION 'EINAI
MANIAN FRONHSEI:
AL _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI MHDEN 'EINAI DIA= MESOU TRITON PAQO$,
"O= POIEI0 TON 'ANQRWPON MHTE FRONIMON MHTE 'AFRONA 'EINAI:
AL _ "WMOLOGHSA GAR.
SW _ KAI-MHN DUO GE "UPENANTIA "ENI PRAGMATI PW*$ 'AN4 'EIH:
AL _ 'OUDAMW$.
<P 139C>
SW _ 'AFROSUNH 'A=RA-KAI MANIA KINDUNEUEI0 'TAUTON 'EINAI.
AL _ FAINETAI.
SW _ PANTA$ 'OUN 'AN4 FANTE$, 'W* 'ALKIBIADH, TOU$ 'AFRONA$
MAINESQAI 'ORQW$ 'AN4 FAIHMEN; 'AUTIKA TWN SWN "HLIKIWTWN
'EI TINE$ TUGCANOUSIN0 'AFRONE$ 'ONTE$, "WSPER 'EISI, KAI TWN
'ETI PRESBUTERWN. 'EPEI FERE PRO$ DIO$, 'OUK 'OIEI TWN 'EN THI
POLEI 'OLIGOU$ MEN 'EINAI TOU$ FRONIMOU$, 'AFRONA$ DE-DH
TOU$ POLLOU$, "OU$ DH SU MAINOMENOU$ KALEI$0:
AL _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'OIEI 'AN4 'OUN CAIRONTA$ "HMA$ 'EINAI META TOSOUTWN
<P 139D>
MAINOMENWN POLITEUOMENOU$, KAI 'OUK 'AN4 PAIOMENOU$ KAI BALLOMENOU$,
KAI "APER 'EIWQASIN "OI MAINOMENOI DIAPRATTESQAI,
PALAI DH DIKHN DEDWKENAI: 'ALLA= "ORA, 'W* MAKARIE, MH 'OUC
"OUTW$ TAUT' 'ECEI0.
AL _ PW*$ 'AN4 'OUN POT' 'ECOI, 'W* SWKRATE$: KINDUNEUEI0 GAR
'OUC "OUTW$ 'ECEIN "WSPER 'WIHQHN.
SW _ 'OUD' 'EMOI4 DOKEI0. 'ALLA= THIDE PHI 'AQRHTEON.
AL _ PH*I POTE LEGEI$:
SW _ 'EGW DH SOI4 GE 'ERW2. "UPOLAMBANOMEN GE TINA$
'EINAI NOSOUNTA$; 'H= 'OU=:
AL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
<P 139E>
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN DOKEI0 SOI4 'ANAGKAION 'EINAI TON NOSOUNTA
PODAGRAN 'H= PURETTEIN 'H= 'OFQALMIAN, 'H= 'OUK 'AN4 DOKEI0 SOI4 KAI
MHDEN TOUTWN PEPONQW$ "ETERAN NOSON NOSEIN: POLLAI GAR-DHPOU-GE
'EISI, KAI 'OUC "AUTAI MONAI.
AL _ 'EMOIGE DOKOUSIN0.
SW _ 'OFQALMIA SOI4 'OUN DOKEI0 PASA NOSO$ 'EINAI:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN-KAI PASA NOSO$ 'OFQALMIA:
AL _ 'OU-DHTA 'EMOIGE; 'APORW0 MENTOI-GE PW*$ LEGW30.


<P 140A>
SW _ 'ALL' 'EA=N 'EMOIGE PROSECHI$ TON NOUN, SUN9 TE9 DUO9
SKEPTOMENW TUCON "EURHSOMEN.
AL _ 'ALLA= PROSECW0, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EI$ DUNAMIN THN 'EMHN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "WMOLOGHQH "HMIN 'OFQALMIA MEN PASA NOSO$
'EINAI, NOSO$ MENTOI 'OUK 'EINAI PASA 'OFQALMIA:
AL _ "WMOLOGHQH.
SW _ KAI 'ORQW$ GE MOI DOKEI0 "OMOLOGHQHNAI. KAI-GAR
"OI PURETTONTE$ PANTE$ NOSOUSIN0, 'OU-MENTOI "OI NOSOUNTE$
PANTE$ PURETTOUSIN0 'OUDE PODAGRWSIN0 'OUDE-GE 'OFQALMIWSIN0.
<P 140B>
'OIMAI; 'ALLA= NOSO$ MEN PAN TO TOIOUTON 'ESTI, DIAFEREIN
DE FASIN0 "OU$ DH KALOUMEN0 'IATROU$ THN 'APERGASIAN 'AUTWN.
'OU-GAR PASIN 'OUTE "OMOIAI 'OUTE "OMOIW$ DIAPRATTONTAI, 'ALLA=
KATA THN "AUTH$ DUNAMIN "EKASTH; NOSOI MENTOI PASAI 'EISIN.
"WSPER DHMIOURGOU$ TINA$ "UPOLAMBANOMEN; 'H= 'OU=:
AL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TOU$ SKUTOTOMOU$ KAI TEKTONA$ KAI 'ANDRIANTOPOIOU$
KAI "ETEROU$ PAMPLHQEI$, "OU$ TI= DEI KAQ' "EKASTA
LEGEIN: 'ECOUSI0 D'-'OUN DIEILHFOTE$ DHMIOURGIA$ MERH, KAI
<P 140C>
PANTE$ "OUTOI 'EISI DHMIOURGOI, 'OU-MENTOI 'EISI TEKTONE$ GE-'OUDE
SKUTOTOMOI 'OUD' 'ANDRIANTOPOIOI, "OI=4 SUMPANTE$ 'EISI
DHMIOURGOI.
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ "OUTW$ MEN-TOINUN-KAI THN 'AFROSUNHN DIEILHFOTE$-'EISI,
KAI TOU$ MEN PLEISTON 'AUTH$ MERO$ 'ECONTA$ MAINOMENOU$
KALOUMEN0, TOU$ D' 'OLIGON 'ELATTON 'HLIQIOU$ TE-KAI
'EMBRONTHTOU$; "OI DE 'EN 'EUFHMOTATOI$ 'ONOMASI BOULOMENOI
KATONOMAZEIN "OI MEN MEGALOYUCOU$, "OI DE 'EUHQEI$, "ETEROI DE
<P 140D>
'AKAKOU$ KAI 'APEIROU$ KAI 'ENEOU$; "EURHSEI$ DE-KAI "E=TERA
POLLA 'ANAZHTWN 'ONOMATA. PANTA DE TAUTA 'AFROSUNH
'ESTIN, DIAFEREI0 DE, "WSPER TECNH TECNH$ "HMIN KATEFAINETO
KAI NOSO$ NOSOU; 'H= PW*$ SOI4 DOKEI0:
AL _ 'EMOI4 MEN "OUTW$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'AP' 'EKEINOU PALIN 'EPANELQWMEN. 'H*N GAR-DHPOU-KAI
'EN 'ARCHI TOU* LOGOU, SKEPTEON 'EINAI TOU$ 'AFRONA$
TE-KAI FRONIMOU$, TI=NE$ POT' 'EISIN. "WMOLOGHTO GAR 'EINAI
TINA$; 'H*-GAR 'OU=:
AL _ NAI, "WMOLOGHTAI.
<P 140E>
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN TOUTOU$ FRONIMOU$ "UPOLAMBANEI$, "OI=4 'AN4
'EIDWSIN "ATTA DEI PRATTEIN KAI LEGEIN:
AL _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'AFRONA$ DE POTEROU$: 'A*RA-GE TOU$ MHDE=TERA
TOUTWN 'EIDOTA$:
AL _ TOUTOU$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "OI GE MH 'EIDOTE$ MHDE=TERA TOUTWN LHSOUSIN2
"AUTOU$ KAI LEGONTE$ KAI PRATTONTE$ "ATTA MH DEI:
AL _ FAINETAI.
SW _ TOUTWN MENTOI 'ELEGON, 'W* 'ALKIBIADH, KAI TON


<P 141A>
'OIDIPOUN 'EINAI TWN 'ANQRWPWN; "EURHSEI$ D' 'ETI KAI TWN NU*N
POLLOU$ 'OUK 'ORGHI KECRHMENOU$, "WSPER 'EKEINON, 'OUD' 'OIOMENOU$
KAKA SFISIN 'EUCESQAI, 'ALL' 'AGAQA. 'EKEINO$ MEN
"WSPER 'OUD' 'HUCETO, 'OUD' 'WIETO; "ETEROI DE TINE$ 'EISIN "OI=4
'TANANTIA TOUTWN PEPONQASIN. 'EGW MEN-GAR 'OIMAI SE
PRWTON, 'EI SOI4 'EMFANH$ GENOMENO$ "O QEO$ PRO$ "ON TUGCANEI$
POREUOMENO$, 'ERWTHSEIEN, PRIN "OTIOUN 'EUXASQAI SE, 'EI 'EXARKESEI2
SOI4 TURANNON GENESQAI TH$ 'AQHNAIWN POLEW$; 'EI
DE TOUTO FAULON "HGHSAIO KAI MH MEGA TI, PROSQEIH KAI
<P 141B>
PANTWN TWN "ELLHNWN; 'EI DE SE "ORWIH 'ETI 'ELATTON DOKOUNTA
'ECEIN, 'EI MH KAI PASH$ 'EURWPH$, "UPOSTAIH SOI4 KAI TOUTO,
KAI7 TOUTO7 MH MONON "UPOSTAIH, 'ALL'7 'AUQHMERON SOU4 BOULOMENOU
"W$ PANTA$ 'AISQHSESQAI "OTI4 'ALKIBIADH$ "O KLEINIOU
TURANNO$ 'ESTIN; 'AUTON 'OIMAI 'AN4 SE 'APIENAI PERICARH
GENOMENON, "W$ TWN MEGISTWN 'AGAQWN KEKURHKOTA.
AL _ 'EGW MEN 'OIMAI, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'KAN4 'ALLON "ONTINOUN,
'EIPER TOIAUTA SUMBAIH 'AUTWI.
<P 141C>
SW _ 'ALLA=-MENTOI 'ANTI GE TH$ SH$ YUCH$ 'OUD' 'AN4 THN
PANTWN "ELLHNWN TE-KAI BARBARWN CWRAN TE-KAI TURANNIDA
BOULHQEIH$ SOI4 GENESQAI.
AL _ 'OUK 'OIMAI 'EGWGE. PW*$ GAR 'AN4, MHQEN GE TI MELLWN
'AUTOI$ CRHSESQAI:
SW _ TI= D' 'EI MELLOI$ KAKW$ TE-KAI BLABERW$ CRHSQAI:
'OUD' 'AN4 "OUTW$:
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ "ORA*I$0 'OUN "W$ 'OUK 'ASFALE$ 'OUTE TA DIDOMENA 'EIKHI
DECESQAI TE-'OUTE 'AUTON 'EUCESQAI GENESQAI, 'EI GE TI$
<P 141D>
BLAPTESQAI MELLOI DIA= TAUTA 'H= TO PARAPAN TOU* BIOU
'APALLAGHNAI. POLLOU$ D' 'AN4 'ECOIMEN 'EIPEIN, "OSOI TURANNIDO$
'EPIQUMHSANTE$ 'HDH KAI SPOUDASANTE$ TOUT' 'AUTOI$
PARAGENESQAI, "W$ 'AGAQON TI PRAXANTE$, DIA= THN TURANNIDA
'EPIBOULEUQENTE$ TON BION 'AFHIREQHSAN. 'OIMAI DE SE 'OUK
'ANHKOON 'EINAI 'ENIA GE CQIZA9 TE9-KAI9 PRWIZA9 GEGENHMENA,
"OTE 'ARCELAON TON MAKEDONWN TURANNON TA PAIDIKA, 'ERASQENTA
TH$ TURANNIDO$ 'OUQEN "HTTON 'HPER 'EKEINO$ TWN PAIDIKWN,
'APEKTEINE TON 'ERASTHN "W$ TURANNO$ TE-KAI 'EUDAIMWN
<P 141E>
'ANHR 'ESOMENO$; KATASCWN DE TREI$ 'H= TETTARA$ "HMERA$ THN
TURANNIDA PALIN 'AUTO$ 'EPIBOULEUQEI$ "UF' "ETERWN TINWN
'ETELEUTHSEN. "ORA*I$0 DH-KAI TWN "HMETERWN POLITWN % TAUTA
GAR 'OUK 'ALLWN 'AKHKOAMEN, 'ALL' 'AUTOI PARONTE$ 'OIDAMEN %


<P 142A>
"OSOI STRATHGIA$ 'EPIQUMHSANTE$ 'HDH KAI TUCONTE$ 'AUTH$ "OI
MEN 'ETI KAI NU*N FUGADE$ THSDE TH$ POLEW$ 'EISIN, "OI DE
TON BION 'ETELEUTHSAN; "OI DE 'ARISTA DOKOUNTE$ 'AUTWN PRATTEIN
DIA= POLLWN KINDUNWN 'ELQONTE$ KAI FOBWN 'OU MONON
'EN TAUTHI THI STRATHGIA\, 'ALL' 'EPEI 'EI$ THN "EAUTWN KATHLQON,
"UPO TWN SUKOFANTWN POLIORKOUMENOI POLIORKIAN 'OUDEN
'ELATTW TH$ "UPO TWN POLEMIWN DIETELESAN, "WSTE 'ENIOU$
'AUTWN 'EUCESQAI 'ASTRATHGHTOU$ 'EINAI MALLON 'H= 'ESTRATHGHKENAI.
<P 142B>
'EI MEN-'OUN 'HSAN "OI KINDUNOI TE-KAI PONOI FERONTE$
'EI$ 'WFELEIAN, 'EICEN 'AN4 TINA LOGON; NU*N DE-KAI POLU 'TOUNANTION.
"EURHSEI$ DE-KAI PERI= TEKNWN TON 'AUTON TROPON,
'EUXAMENOU$ TINA$ 'HDH GENESQAI KAI GENOMENWN 'EI$ SUMFORA$
TE-KAI LUPA$ TA$ MEGISTA$ KATASTANTA$. "OI MEN-GAR
MOCQHRWN DIA= TELOU$ 'ONTWN0 TWN TEKNWN "OLON TON BION
LUPOUMENOI DIHGAGON; TOU$ DE CRHSTWN MEN GENOMENWN,
<P 142C>
SUMFORAI$ DE CRHSAMENWN "WSTE STERHQHNAI, KAI TOUTOU$
'OUDEN 'EI$ 'ELATTONA$ DUSTUCIA$ KAQESTHKOTA$ 'HPER 'EKEINOU$
KAI BOULOMENOU$ 'AN4 'AGENHTA MALLON 'EINAI 'H= GENESQAI.
'ALL' "OMW$ TOUTWN TE-KAI "ETERWN POLLWN "OMOIOTROPWN TOUTOI$
"OUTW SFO=DRA KATADHLWN 'ONTWN0, SPANION "EUREIN "OSTI$
'AN4 'H= DIDOMENWN 'APOSCOITO 'H= MELLWN DI' 'EUCH$ TEUXESQAI
PAUSAITO 'AN4 'EUCOMENO$; "OI DE POLLOI 'OUTE 'AN4 TURANNIDO$
DIDOMENH$ 'APOSCOINTO 'AN4 'OUTE STRATHGIA$ 'OUD' "ETERWN
<P 142D>
POLLWN, "A PARONTA BLAPTEI0 MALLON 'H= 'WFELEI0, 'ALLA= 'KAN4
'EUXAINTO 'AN4 GENESQAI, 'EI TWI MH PARONTA TUGCANEI0; 'OLIGON
DE 'EPISCO=NTE$ 'ENIOTE PALINWIDOUSIN0, 'ANEUCOMENOI "ATT' 'AN4
TO PRWTON 'EUXWNTAI. 'EGW MEN-'OUN 'APORW0 MH "W$ 'ALHQW$
MATHN QEOU$9 'ANQRWPOI 'AITIWNTAI21, 'EX9 'EKEINWN FAMENOI
KAKA9 SFISIN 'EINAI1. "OI9 DE9-KAI9 'AUTOI9 SFHISIN9 'EI=TE 'ATASQALIAISIN1
'EI=TE 'AFROSUNAI$ CRH 'EIPEIN, "UPER9 MORON9
<P 142E>
'ALGE'9 'ECOUSI90. KINDUNEUEI0 GOUN, 'W* 'ALKIBIADH, FRONIMO$
TI$ 'EINAI 'EKEINO$ "O POIHTH$, "O$4 DOKEI0 MOI FILOI$ 'ANOHTOI$
TISI CRHSAMENO$, "ORWN 'AUTOU$ KAI PRATTONTA$ KAI 'EUCOMENOU$
"APER 'OU BELTION 'H*N, 'EKEINOI$ DE 'EDOKEI, KOINHI "UPER
"APANTWN 'AUTWN 'EUCHN POIHSASQAI; LEGEI0 DE PW$ "WDI %


<P 143A>
ZEU9 BASILEU9, TA9 MEN9 'ESQLA9, FHSI, KAI9 'EUCOMENOI$9
KAI9 'ANEUKTOI$9
'AMMI9 DIDOU9, TA9 DE9 DEILA1 KAI9 'EUCOMENOI$1 'APALEXEIN1
KELEUEI0. 'EMOI4 MEN-'OUN KALW$ DOKEI0 KAI 'ASFALW$ LEGEIN "O
POIHTH$; SU D' 'EI TI 'EN NWI 'ECEI$ PRO$ TAUTA, MH SIWPA.
AL _ CALEPON, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ESTIN 'ANTILEGEIN PRO$ TA
KALW$ 'EIRHMENA; 'EKEINO D'-'OUN 'ENNOW0, "OSWN KAKWN 'AITIA "H
'AGNOIA TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$, "OPOTE, "W$ 'EOIKE0, LELHQAMEN "HMA$-'AUTOU$
<P 143B>
DIA= TAUTHN KAI PRATTONTE$ KAI TO GE 'ESCATON 'EUCOMENOI
"HMIN-'AUTOI$ TA KAKISTA. "OPER 'OUN 'OUDEI$ 'AN4 'OIHQEIH,
'ALLA= TOUTO GE PA$ 'AN4 'OIOITO "IKANO$ 'EINAI, 'AUTO$ "AUTWI TA
BELTISTA 'EUXASQAI, 'ALL' 'OU TA KAKISTA. TOUTO MEN-GAR
"W$ 'ALHQW$ KATARA\ TINI 'ALL' 'OUK 'EUCHI "OMOION 'AN4 'EIH.
SW _ 'ALL' 'ISW$, 'W* BELTISTE, FAIH 'AN4 TI$ 'ANHR, "O$4
'EMOU4 TE-KAI SOU4 SOFWTERO$ 'WN TUGCANOI, 'OUK 'ORQW$ "HMA$
<P 143C>
LEGEIN, "OUTW$ 'EIKHI YEGONTA$ 'AGNOIAN, 'EI GE MH PROSQEIHMEN
THN 'ESTIN "WN TE 'AGNOIAN KAI 'ESTIN "OI$ KAI 'ECOUSI4 PW$
'AGAQON, "WSPER 'EKEINOI$ KAKON.
AL _ PW*$ LEGEI$: 'ESTI GAR "OTIOUN PRAGMA "OTWI DH
"OPWSOUN 'ECONTI 'AMEINON 'AGNOEIN 'H= GIGNWSKEIN:
SW _ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0; SOI4 D' 'OU=:
AL _ 'OU-MENTOI MA DI=A.
SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN-'OUDE 'EKEINO SOU4 KATAGNWSOMAI, 'EQELEIN
'AN4 SE PRO$ THN "EAUTOU MHTERA DIAPEPRACQAI "APER 'ORESTHN
FASI0 KAI TON 'ALKMEWNA KAI 'EI DH TINE$ 'ALLOI 'EKEINOI$
<P 143D>
TUGCANOUSI0 'TAUTA DIAPEPRAGMENOI.
AL _ 'EUFHMEI5 PRO$ DIO$, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ 'OUTOI TON LEGONTA, 'W* 'ALKIBIADH, "W$ 'OUK 'AN4 'EQELOI$
SOI4 TAUTA PEPRACQAI, 'EUFHMEIN DEI SE KELEUEIN, 'ALLA=
MALLON POLU, 'EI TI$ TA 'ENANTIA LEGOI, 'EPEIDH "OUTW SOI4
DOKEI0 SFO=DRA DEINON 'EINAI TO PRAGMA, "WST' 'OUDE "RHTEON
'EINAI "OUTW$ 'EIKHI. DOKEI$ D' 'AN4 TON 'ORESTHN, 'EI 'ETUGCANE
FRONIMO$ 'WN KAI 'EIDW$ "OTI2 BELTISTON 'H*N 'AUTWI PRATTEIN,
TOLMHSAI0 'AN4 TI TOUTWN DIAPRAXASQAI:
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
<P 143E>
SW _ 'OUDE-GE 'ALLON 'OIMAI 'OUDENA.
AL _ 'OU-MENTOI.
SW _ KAKON 'A=RA, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, 'ESTIN "H TOU* BELTISTOU
'AGNOIA KAI TO 'AGNOEIN TO BELTISTON.
AL _ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'EKEINWI KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$ "APASIN:
AL _ FHMI.
SW _ 'ETI TOINUN-KAI TODE 'EPISKEYWMEQA; 'EI SOI4 'AUTIKA
MALA PARESTAIH, 'OIHQENTI BELTION 'EINAI, PERIKLEA TON
SEAUTOU 'EPITROPON TE-KAI FILON, 'EGCEIRIDION LABONTA


<P 144A>
'ELQONTA 'EPI TA$ QURA$, 'EIPEIN 'EI 'ENDON 'ESTI, BOULOMENON
'APOKTEINAI0 'AUTON 'EKEINON, 'ALLON DE MHDENA; "OI DE FAIEN
'ENDON 'EINAI % KAI 'OU LEGW0 'EQELEIN 'AN4 SE TOUTWN TI PRATTEIN;
'ALL' 'EI, 'OIMAI, DOXEI2 SOI4, "OPER 'OUQEN KWLUEI0 DHPOU TW*I GE
'AGNOOUNTI TO BELTISTON PARASTHNAI0 POTE DOXAN, "WSTE
'OIHQHNAI KAI TO KAKISTON POTE BELTISTON 'EINAI; 'H= 'OUK 'AN4
DOKEI0 SOI4:
AL _ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW _ 'EI 'OUN PARELQWN 'EISW KAI 'IDWN 'AUTON 'EKEINON
<P 144B>
'AGNOHSAI$ TE-KAI 'OIHQEIH$ 'AN4 'ALLON 'EINAI TINA, 'A*R' 'ETI 'AN4
'AUTON TOLMHSAI$ 'APOKTEINAI0:
AL _ 'OU MA TON DI=A, 'OUK 'AN4 MOI DOKW0.
SW _ 'OU-GAR-DHPOU TON 'ENTUCONTA, 'ALL' 'AUTON 'EKEINON
"ON 'HBOULOU. 'H*-GAR:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'EI POLLAKI$ 'EGCEIROI$, 'AIEI DE 'AGNOOI$
TON PERIKLEA, "OPOTE MELLOI$ TOUTO PRATTEIN, 'OUPOTE 'AN4
'EPIQOIO 'AUTWI.
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ TI= DE: TON 'ORESTHN DOKEI$ 'AN4 POTE THI MHTRI
'EPIQESQAI, 'EI GE "WSAUTW$ 'HGNOHSEN:
<P 144C>
AL _ 'OUK 'OIMAI 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'OU-GAR-DHPOU-'OUD' 'EKEINO$ THN PROSTUCOUSAN GUNAIKA
'OUDE THN "OTOUOUN MHTERA DIENOEITO 'APOKTEINAI0, 'ALLA=
THN 'AUTO$ "AUTOU.
AL _ 'ESTI TAUTA.
SW _ 'AGNOEIN 'A=RA TA GE TOIAUTA BELTION TOI$ "OUTW
DIAKEIMENOI$ KAI TOIAUTA$ DOXA$ 'ECOUSIN4.
AL _ FAINETAI.
SW _ "ORA*I$0 'OUN "OTI4 "H 'ESTIN "WN TE 'AGNOIA KAI 'ESTIN "OI$ KAI
'ECOUSI4 PW$ 'AGAQON, 'ALL' 'OU KAKON, "WSPER 'ARTI SOI4 'EDOKEI:
AL _ 'EOIKEN0.
<P 144D>
SW _ 'ETI TOINUN 'EI BOULEI TO META TOUTO 'EPISKOPEIN,
'ATOPON 'AN4 'ISW$ 'AN4 SOI4 DOXEIEN 'EINAI.
AL _ TI= MALISTA, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW _ "OTI4, "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN, KINDUNEUEI0 TO GE TWN 'ALLWN
'EPISTHMWN KTHMA, 'EA=N TI$ 'ANEU TOU* BELTISTOU KEKTHMENO$-'HI
'OLIGAKI$ MEN 'WFELEIN, BLAPTEIN DE TA PLEIW TON 'ECONTA
'AUTO. SKOPEI5 DE "WDE. 'A*R' 'OUK 'ANAGKAION SOI4 DOKEI0 'EINAI,
"OTAN TI MELLWMEN 'HTOI PRATTEIN 'H= LEGEIN, 'OIHQHNAI DEIN
PRWTON "HMA$ 'EIDENAI 'H= TW*I-'ONTI 'EIDENAI TOUQ' "O= 'AN4 PROCEIROTERW$
<P 144E>
MELLWMEN 'H= LEGEIN 'H= PRATTEIN:
AL _ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "OI "RHTORE$ 'AUTIKA 'HTOI 'EIDOTE$ SUMBOULEUEIN
'H= 'OIHQENTE$ 'EIDENAI SUMBOULEUOUSIN0 "HMIN "EKASTOTE, "OI MEN
PERI= POLEMOU TE-KAI 'EIRHNH$, "OI DE PERI= TEICWN 'OIKODOMIA$
'H=-KAI LIMENWN KATASKEUH$; "ENI DE LOGWI, "OSA DH POTE "H


<P 145A>
POLI$ PRATTEI0 PRO$ 'ALLHN POLIN 'H= 'AUTH KAQ' "AUTHN, 'APO
TH$ TWN "RHTORWN SUMBOULH$ PANTA GIGNETAI.
AL _ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW _ "ORA TOINUN-KAI TA 'EPI TOUTOI$.
AL _ 'AN2 DUNHQW.
SW _ KALEI$0 GAR-DHPOU FRONIMOU$ TE-KAI 'AFRONA$:
AL _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N TOU$ MEN POLLOU$ 'AFRONA$, TOU$ D' 'OLIGOU$
FRONIMOU$:
AL _ "OUTW$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N PRO$ TI 'APOBLEPWN 'AMFOTEROU$:
AL _ NAI.
<P 145B>
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN TON TOIOUTON SUMBOULEUEIN 'EIDOTA, CWRI$
TOU* POTERON BELTION KAI "OTE BELTION, FRONIMON KALEI$0:
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ 'OUDE-GE 'OIMAI "OSTI$ TO POLEMEIN 'AUTO 'OIDE CWRI$
TOU* "OPOTE BELTION KAI TOSOUTON CRONON "OSON BELTION.
'H*-GAR:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-'OUDE 'EI TI$ TINA 'APOKTEINUNAI 'OIDEN 'OUDE
CRHMATA 'AFAIREISQAI KAI FUGADA POIEIN TH$ PATRIDO$, CWRI$
TOU* "OPOTE BELTION KAI "ONTINA BELTION:
AL _ 'OU-MENTOI.
<P 145C>
SW _ "OSTI$ 'A=RA TI TWN TOIOUTWN 'OIDEN, 'EA=N MEN PAREPHTAI
'AUTWI "H TOU* BELTISTOU 'EPISTHMH % "AU=TH D' 'H*N "H 'AUTH DHPOU
"HPER KAI "H TOU* 'WFELIMOU; 'H*-GAR:
AL _ NAI.
SW _ FRONIMON DE-GE 'AUTON FHSOMEN KAI 'APOCRWNTA SUMBOULON
KAI THI POLEI KAI 'AUTON "AUTWI; TON DE MH TOIOUTON
'TANANTIA TOUTWN. 'H= PW*$ DOKEI0:
AL _ 'EMOI4 MEN "OUTW$.
SW _ TI= D' 'EI TI$ "IPPEUEIN 'H= TOXEUEIN 'OIDEN, 'H= 'AU PUKTEUEIN
'H= PALAIEIN 'H= TI TH$ 'ALLH$ 'AGWNIA$ 'H=-KAI 'ALLO TI
<P 145D>
TWN TOIOUTWN "OSA TECNHI 'OIDAMEN, TI= KALEI$0 "O$4 'AN4 'EIDHI TO
KATA TAUTHN THN TECNHN BELTION GIGNOMENON: 'A*R' 'OU TON
KATA THN "IPPIKHN "IPPIKON:
AL _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ TON DE-GE 'OIMAI KATA THN PUKTIKHN PUKTIKON, TON
DE KAT' 'AULHTIKHN 'AULHTIKON, KAI 'TALLA DHPOU 'ANA LOGON
TOUTOI$; 'H= 'ALLW$ PW$:
AL _ 'OU=K, 'ALL' "OUTW$.
SW _ DOKEI0 'OUN SOI4 'ANAGKAION 'EINAI TON PERI= TOUTWN TI
'EPISTHMONA 'ONTA 'A=RA-KAI 'ANDRA FRONIMON 'EINAI, 'H= POLLOU
<P 145E>
FHSOMEN 'ENDEIN:
AL _ POLLOU MENTOI NH DI=A.
SW _ POI=AN 'OUN 'OIEI POLITEIAN 'EINAI TOXOTWN TE 'AGAQWN
KAI 'AULHTWN, 'ETI DE-KAI 'AQLHTWN TE-KAI TWN 'ALLWN TECNITWN,
'ANAMEMEIGMENWN D' 'EN TOUTOI$ "OU$ 'ARTI 'EIRHKAMEN TWN
TE 'AUTO TO POLEMEIN 'EIDOTWN KAI 'AUTO TO 'APOKTEINUNAI, PRO$
DE-KAI 'ANDRWN "RHTORIKWN POLITIKON FUSHMA FUSWNTWN0
"APANTWN DE TOUTWN 'ONTWN0 'ANEU TH$ TOU* BELTISTOU 'EPISTHMH$
KAI TOU* 'EIDOTO$, "OPOTE BELTION "ENI "EKASTWI TOUTWN


<P 146A>
CRHSQAI KAI PRO$ TI=NA:
AL _ FAULHN TINA 'EGWGE, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ FAIH$ GE 'AN4 'OIMAI "OPOTAN "ORWIH$ "ENA "EKASTON 'AUTWN
FILOTIMOUMENON TE-KAI NEMONTA TO PLEISTON TH$ POLITEIA$
TOUTWI9 MERO$9,
"IN'9 'AUTO$9 "AUTOU9 TUGCANEI90 KRATISTO$9 'WN9;
LEGW0 DE TO KAT' 'AUTHN THN TECNHN BELTISTON GIGNOMENON;
TOU* DE THI POLEI TE-KAI 'AUTON "AUTWI BELTISTOU 'ONTO$ TA
POLLA DIHMARTHKOTA, "ATE 'OIMAI 'ANEU NOU DOXHI PEPISTEUKOTA.
<P 146B>
"OUTW$ DE TOUTWN 'ECONTWN0, 'A*RA 'OUK 'AN4 'ORQW$ LEGOIMEN
FANTE$ POLLH$ TARACH$ TE-KAI 'ANOMIA$ MESTHN 'EINAI THN
TOIAUTHN POLITEIAN:
AL _ 'ORQW$ MENTOI NH DI=A.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'ANAGKAION "HMIN 'EDOKEI 'OIHQHNAI DEIN PRWTON
"HMA$ 'EIDENAI 'H= TW*I-'ONTI 'EIDENAI TOUTO "O= 'AN4 PROCEIRW$
MELLWMEN 'H= PRATTEIN 'H= LEGEIN:
AL _ 'EDOKEI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'KAN2 MEN PRATTHI5 "A TI$ 'OIDEN 'H= DOKEI0 'EIDENAI,
PAREPHTAI DE TO 'WFELIMW$, KAI LUSITELOUNTW$ "HMA$ "EXEIN
<P 146C>
KAI THI POLEI KAI 'AUTON "AUTWI:
AL _ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW _ 'EA=N DE-G' 'OIMAI 'TANANTIA TOUTWN, 'OUTE THI POLEI
'OUT' 'AUTON "AUTWI:
AL _ 'OU-DHTA.
SW _ TI= DE: KAI NU*N 'ETI "WSAUTW$ SOI4 DOKEI0 'H= 'ALLW$ PW$:
AL _ 'OU=K, 'ALL' "OUTW$.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN 'EFHSQA KALEIN0 TOU$ MEN POLLOU$ 'AFRONA$,
TOU$ D' 'OLIGOU$ FRONIMOU$:
AL _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N FAMEN PALIN TOU$ POLLOU$ DIHMARTHKENAI
TOU* BELTISTOU, "W$ TA POLLA GE 'OIMAI 'ANEU NOU DOXHI
PEPISTEUKOTA$.
<P 146D>
AL _ FAMEN GAR.
SW _ LUSITELEI0 'A=RA TOI$ POLLOI$ MHT' 'EIDENAI MHDEN MHT'
'OIESQAI 'EIDENAI, 'EIPER GE MALLON PROQUMHSONTAI PRATTEIN
MEN TAUTA "ATT' 'AN4 'EIDWSIN 'H= 'OIHQWSIN 'EIDENAI, PRATTONTE$
DE BLAPTESQAI TA PLEIW MALLON 'H= 'WFELEISQAI.
AL _ 'ALHQESTATA LEGEI$.
SW _ "ORA*I$0 'OUN, "OTE G' 'EFHN KINDUNEUEIN TO GE TWN 'ALLWN
<P 146E>
'EPISTHMWN KTHMA, 'EA=N TI$ 'ANEU TH$ TOU* BELTISTOU 'EPISTHMH$
KEKTHMENO$-'HI, 'OLIGAKI$ MEN 'WFELEIN, BLAPTEIN DE TA PLEIW
TON 'ECONTA 'AUTO, 'A*R' 'OUCI TW*I-'ONTI 'ORQW$ 'EFAINOMHN LEGWN:
AL _ KAI 'EI MH TO=TE, 'ALLA= NU*N MOI DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW _ DEI 'A=RA-KAI POLIN KAI YUCHN THN MELLOUSAN 'ORQW$
BIWSESQAI TAUTH$ TH$ 'EPISTHMH$ 'ANTECESQAI, 'ATECNW$
"WSPER 'ASQENOUNTA 'IATROU 'H= TINO$ KUBERNHTOU TON 'ASFALW$


<P 147A>
MELLONTA PLEIN. 'ANEU GAR TAUTH$, "OSWIPER 'AN4 LAMPROTERON
'EPOURISHI6 TO TH$ TUCH$ 'H= PERI= CRHMATWN KTHSIN 'H=
SWMATO$ "RWMHN 'H=-KAI 'ALLO TI TWN TOIOUTWN, TOSOUTWI MEIZW
"AMARTHMATA 'AP' 'AUTWN 'ANAGKAION 'ESTIN, "W$ 'EOIKE0, GIGNESQAI.
"O DE-DH THN KALOUMENHN0 POLUMAQIAN TE-KAI POLUTECNIAN
KEKTHMENO$, 'ORFANO$ DE 'WN TAUTH$ TH$ 'EPISTHMH$, 'AGOMENO$
DE "UPO MIA$ "EKASTH$ TWN 'ALLWN, 'A*R' 'OUCI TW*I-'ONTI
DIKAIW$ POLLWI CEIMWNI CRHSETAI, "ATE 'OIMAI 'ANEU KUBERNHTOU
<P 147B>
DIATELWN0 'EN PELAGEI, CRONON 'OU MAKRON BIOU QE=WN: "WSTE
SUMBAINEIN MOI DOKEI0 KAI 'ENTAUQA TO TOU* POIHTOU, "O= LEGEI0
KATHGORWN POU TINO$, "W$ 'A=RA POLLA9 MEN 'HPISTATO9
'ERGA9, KAKW$9 DE9, FHSIN, 'HPISTATO9 PANTA9.
AL _ KAI TI= DH POTE SUMBAINEI0 TO TOU* POIHTOU, 'W* SWKRATE$:
'EMOI4 MEN-GAR-'OUD' "OTIOUN DOKEI0 PRO$ LOGON 'EIRHKENAI.
SW _ KAI MALA GE PRO$ LOGON; 'ALL' 'AINITTETAI, 'W* BELTISTE,
KAI "OUTO$ KAI "ALLOI DE POIHTAI SCEDON TI PANTE$.
'ESTIN TE-GAR FUSEI POIHTIKH "H SUMPASA 'AINIGMATWDH$ KAI
<P 147C>
'OU TOU* PROSTUCONTO$ 'ANDRO$ GNWRISAI0; 'ETI TE PRO$ TW*I
FUSEI TOIAUTH 'EINAI, "OTAN LABHTAI 'ANDRO$ FQONEROU TE-KAI
MH BOULOMENOU "HMIN 'ENDEIKNUSQAI 'ALL' 'APOKRUPTESQAI "OTI2
MALISTA THN "AUTOU SOFIAN, "UPERFUW$ DH TO CRHMA "W$
DUSGNWSTON FAINETAI, "OTI2 POTE NOOUSIN0 "EKASTO$ 'AUTWN.
'OU-GAR-DHPOU "OMHRON GE TON QEIOTATON TE-KAI SOFWTATON
POIHTHN 'AGNOEIN DOKEI$ "W$ 'OUC "OION-TE-'H*N 'EPISTASQAI
KAKW$ % 'EKEINO$ GAR 'ESTIN "O LEGWN TON MARGITHN POLLA9
<P 147D>
MEN 'EPISTASQAI1, KAKW$9 DE9, FHSI, PANTA9 'HPISTATO9 % 'ALL'
'AINITTETAI 'OIMAI PARAGWN TO KAKW$9 MEN 'ANTI TOU* KAKOU, TO
DE 'HPISTATO 'ANTI TOU* 'EPISTASQAI; GIGNETAI 'OUN SUNTEQEN
'EXW MEN TOU* METROU, 'ESTI D' "O= GE BOULETAI, "W$ POLLA9 MEN
'HPISTATO9 'ERGA9, KAKON D' 'H*N 'EPISTASQAI 'AUTWI PANTA TAUTA.
DHLON 'OUN "OTI4 'EIPER 'H*N 'AUTWI KAKON TO POLLA 'EIDENAI,
FAULO$ TI$ 'WN 'ETUGCANEN, 'EIPER GE PISTEUEIN DEI TOI$
PROEIRHMENOI$ LOGOI$.
<P 147E>
AL _ 'ALL' 'EMOI4 MEN DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$; 'H* CALEPW$ G'
'AN4 'ALLOI$ TISI PISTEUSAIMI LOGOI$, 'EIPER MHDE TOUTOI$.
SW _ KAI 'ORQW$ GE SOI4 DOKEI0.
AL _ PALIN 'AU MOI DOKEI0.
SW _ 'ALLA= FERE PRO$ DIO$ % "ORA*I$0 GAR-DHPOU THN 'APORIAN
"OSH TE-KAI "OI=A, TAUTH$ DE-KAI SU MOI DOKEI$ KEKOINWNHKENAI;
METABALLOMENO$ GE-TOI 'ANW KAI KATW 'OUD' "OTIOUN PAUHI0,
'ALL' "OTI2 'AN4 MALISTA SOI4 DOXHI6, TOUTO KAI 'EKDEDUKENAI 'AU


<P 148A>
KAI 'OUKETI "WSAUTW$ DOKEIN % 'EI 'OUN SOI4 G' 'ETI KAI NU*N
'EMFANH$ GENOMENO$ "O QEO$ PRO$ "ON TUGCANEI$ POREUOMENO$
'ERWTHSEIE, PRIN "OTIOUN 'EUXASQAI SE, 'EI 'EXARKESEI2 SOI4 'EKEINWN
TI GENESQAI "WNPER KAI 'EN 'ARCHI 'ELEGETO, 'EI=TE-KAI 'AUTWI SOI4
'EPITREYEIEN 'EUXASQAI, TI= POT' 'AN4 'OIEI 'H= TWN PAR' 'EKEINOU
DIDOMENWN LAMBANWN 'H= 'AUTO$ 'EUXAMENO$ GENESQAI TOU*
KAIROU TUCEIN:
AL _ 'ALLA= MA TOU$ QEOU$, 'EGW MEN 'OUQEN 'AN4 'ECOIMI SOI4
'EIPEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OUTW$; 'ALLA= MARGON TI MOI DOKEI0 'EINAI,
<P 148B>
KAI "W$ 'ALHQW$ POLLH$ FULAKH$, "OPW$ MH LHSEI2 TI$ "AUTON
'EUCOMENO$ MEN KAKA, DOKWN DE 'TAGAQA, 'EPEIT' 'OLIGON 'EPISCW=N,
"OPER KAI SU 'ELEGE$, PALINWIDHI5, 'ANEUCOMENO$ "ATT' 'AN4 TO
PRWTON 'EUXHTAI.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN 'OUCI 'EIDW$ TI PLEON "HMWN "O POIHTH$, "OU2
KAI 'EN 'ARCHI TOU* LOGOU 'EPEMNHSQHN, TA9 DEILA1 KAI9 'EUCOMENOI$1
'APALEXEIN1 'EKELEUEN:
AL _ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW _ TOUTON MEN-TOINUN, 'W* 'ALKIBIADH, KAI LAKEDAIMONIOI
<P 148C>
TON POIHTHN 'EZHLWKOTE$, 'EI=TE-KAI 'AUTOI "OUTW$ 'EPESKEMMENOI,
KAI 'IDIA\ KAI DHMOSIA\ "EKASTOTE PARAPLHSIAN
'EUCHN 'EUCONTAI, TA KALA 'EPI TOI$ 'AGAQOI$ TOU$ QEOU$ DIDONAI
KELEUONTE$ 'AU SFISIN-'AUTOI$; PLEIW D' 'OUDEI$ 'AN4 'EKEINWN
'EUXAMENWN 'AKOUSEIEN. TOIGAROUN 'EI$ TO PARHKON0 TOU* CRONOU
'OUDENWN "HTTON 'EUTUCEI$ 'EISIN 'ANQRWPOI; 'EI D'-'A=RA-KAI SUMBEBHKEN0
'AUTOI$ "WSTE MH PANTA 'EUTUCEIN, 'ALL'-'OUN 'OU7 DIA=
<P 148D>
THN 'EKEINWN 'EUCHN, 'EPI TOI$ QEOI$ D' 'ESTIN "WSTE 'OIMAI KAI
DIDONAI "ATT' 'AN4 TI$ 'EUCOMENO$ TUGCANHI5 KAI 'TANANTIA TOUTWN.
BOULOMAI DE SOI4 KAI "ETERON TI DIHGHSASQAI, "O= POTE 'HKOUSA
TWN8 PRESBUTERWN8 TINWN, "W$ 'AQHNAIOI$ KAI LAKEDAIMONIOI$
DIAFORA$ GENOMENH$ SUNEBAINEN 'AEI THI POLEI "HMWN "WSTE
KAI KATA GHN KAI KATA QALATTAN "OPOTE MACH GENOITO
DUSTUCEIN KAI MHDEPOTE DUNASQAI KRATHSAI0; TOU$ 'OUN 'AQHNAIOU$
'AGANAKTOUNTA$ TW*I PRAGMATI KAI 'APOROUMENOU$ TI=NI
<P 148E>
CRH MHCANHI TWN PARONTWN0 KAKWN 'APOTROPHN "EUREIN, BOULEUOMENOI$
'AUTOI$ DOKEIN KRATISTON 'EINAI PEMYANTA$ PRO$
'AMMWNA 'EKEINON 'EPERWTAN; 'ETI DE PRO$ TOUTOI$ TADE, KAI8
'ANQ' "OTOU POTE LAKEDAIMONIOI$ "OI QEOI MALLON NIKHN DIDOASIN
'H= SFISIN-'AUTOI$, "OI=4 PLEISTA$, FANAI, MEN QUSIA$ KAI KALLISTA$
TWN "ELLHNWN 'AGOMEN, 'ANAQHMASI TE KEKOSMHKAMEN
TA "IERA 'AUTWN "W$ 'OUDENE$ 'ALLOI, POMPA$ TE POLUTELESTATA$
KAI SEMNOTATA$ 'EDWROUMEQA TOI$ QEOI$ 'AN' "EKASTON 'ETO$, KAI


<P 149A>
'ETELOUMEN CRHMATA "OSA 'OUD' "ALLOI SUMPANTE$ "ELLHNE$;
LAKEDAIMONIOI$ DE, FANAI, 'OUDEPWPOT' 'EMELHSEN 'OUDEN TOUTWN,
'ALL' "OUTW$ 'OLIGWRW$ DIAKEINTAI PRO$ TOU$ QEOU$, "WSTE
KAI 'ANAPHRA QUOUSIN0 "EKASTOTE KAI 'TALLA PANTA 'OUK 'OLIGWI
'ENDEESTERW$ TIMWSIN0 'HPER "HMEI$, CRHMATA 'OUDEN 'ELATTW
KEKTHMENOI TH$ "HMETERA$ POLEW$. 'EPEI DH 'EIRHKENAI TAUTA
KAI 'EPERWTHSAI0 TI= CRH PRATTONTA$ 'AUTOU$ TWN PARONTWN0
KAKWN 'APALLAGHN "EUREIN, 'ALLO MEN 'OUQEN 'APOKRIQHNAI TON
<P 149B>
PROFHTHN % TON GAR QEON 'OUK 'EA*N DHLON "OTI4 % KALESANTA DE
'AUTON, 'AQHNAIOI$, FANAI, TADE LEGEI0 'AMMWN; FHSIN 'AN4
BOULESQAI "AUTWI THN LAKEDAIMONIWN 'EUFHMIAN 'EINAI MALLON
'H= TA SUMPANTA TWN "ELLHNWN "IERA. TOSAUTA 'EIPEIN, 'OUKETI
PERAITERW. THN G'-'OUN 'EUFHMIAN 'OUK 'ALLHN TINA MOI DOKEI0
LEGEIN "O QEO$ 'H= THN 'EUCHN 'AUTWN; 'ESTI GAR TW*I-'ONTI POLU
<P 149C>
DIAFEROUSA TWN 'ALLWN. "OI MEN-GAR 'ALLOI "ELLHNE$ "OI
MEN CRUSOKERW$ BOU$ PARASTHSAMENOI, "ETEROI D' 'ANAQHMASI
DWROUMENOI TOU$ QEOU$, 'EUCONTAI "ATT' 'AN4 TUCHI6 TAUTA, 'ANTE
'AGAQA 'ANTE KAKA; BLASFHMOUNTWN0 'OUN 'AUTWN 'AKOUONTE$ "OI
QEOI 'OUK 'APODECONTAI TA$ POLUTELEI$ TAUTASI POMPA$ TE-KAI
QUSIA$. 'ALLA= DOKEI0 MOI POLLH$ FULAKH$ DEISQAI KAI
SKEYEW$ "OTI2 POTE "RHTEON 'ESTI KAI MH.
"EURHSEI$ DE-KAI PAR' "OMHRWI "E=TERA PARAPLH=SIA TOUTOI$
<P 149D>
'EIRHMENA. FHSIN GAR TOU$ TRWA$ 'EPAULIN POIOUMENOU$
'ERDEIN1 'AQANATOISI9 TELHESSA$9 "EKATOMBA$9;
THN DE KNISAN1 'EK9 TOU* PEDIOU9 TOU$ 'ANEMOU$1 FEREIN1
'OURANON9 'EISW9
"HDEIAN9; TH$9 D'9 'OU9 TI9 QEOU$1 MAKARA$1 DATEESQAI1,
'OUD'9 'EQELEIN1. MALA9 GAR9 SFIN9 'APHCQETO9 'ILIO$9 "IRH9
<P 149E>
KAI9 PRIAMO$9 KAI9 LAO$9 'EUMMELIW9 PRIAMOIO9;
"WSTE 'OUDEN 'AUTOI$ 'H*N PROURGOU QUEIN TE-KAI DWRA TELEIN0
MATHN, QEOI$ 'APHCQHMENOU$. 'OU-GAR 'OIMAI TOIOUTON 'ESTI
TO TWN QEWN "WSTE "UPO DWRWN PARAGESQAI "OION KAKON
TOKISTHN; 'ALLA=-KAI "HMEI$ 'EUHQH LOGON LEGOMEN, 'AXIOUNTE$
LAKEDAIMONIWN TAUTHI PERIEINAI. KAI-GAR 'AN4 DEINON 'EIH 'EI
PRO$ TA DWRA KAI TA$ QUSIA$ 'APOBLEPOUSIN0 "HMWN "OI QEOI
'ALLA= MH PRO$ THN YUCHN, 'AN2 TI$ "OSIO$ KAI DIKAIO$ 'WN


<P 150A>
TUGCANHI5. POLLWI GE MALLON 'OIMAI 'H= PRO$ TA$ POLUTELEI$
TAUTA$ POMPA$ TE-KAI QUSIA$, "A$ 'OUDEN KWLUEI0 POLLA MEN
'EI$ QEOU$, POLLA D' 'EI$ 'ANQRWPOU$ "HMARTHKOTA$ KAI 'IDIWTHN
KAI POLIN 'ECEIN 'AN' "EKASTON 'ETO$ TELEIN0. "OI DE, "ATE 'OU
DWRODOKOI 'ONTE$, KATAFRONOUSIN0 "APANTWN TOUTWN, "W$ FHSIN
"O QEO$ KAI QEWN PROFHTH$. KINDUNEUEI0 GOUN-KAI PARA
QEOI$ KAI PAR' 'ANQRWPOI$ TOI$ NOUN 'ECOUSI4 DIKAIOSUNH TE-KAI
<P 150B>
FRONHSI$ DIAFERONTW$ TETIMHSQAI; FRONIMOI DE-KAI
DIKAIOI 'OUK 'ALLOI TINE$ 'EISIN 'H=8 TWN 'EIDOTWN "A DEI PRATTEIN
KAI LEGEIN KAI PRO$ QEOU$ KAI PRO$ 'ANQRWPOU$. BOULOIMHN
D' 'AN4 KAI SOU4 PUQESQAI "OTI2 POT' 'EN NWI 'ECEI$ PRO$ TAUTA.
AL _ 'ALL' 'EMOI4 MEN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUK 'ALLHI PHI DOKEI0 'H=
"HIPER SOI4 TE-KAI TW*I QEWI; 'OUDE-GAR 'AN4 'EIKO$ 'EIH 'ANTIYHFON
'EME TW*I QEWI GENESQAI.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N MEMNHSAI 'EN POLLHI 'APORIA\ FASKWN 'EINAI,
<P 150C>
"OPW$ MH LAQHI$ SEAUTON 'EUCOMENO$ KAKA, DOKWN DE 'AGAQA:
AL _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ "ORA*I$0 'OUN "W$ 'OUK 'ASFALE$ SOI4 'ESTIN 'ELQEIN PRO$
TON QEON 'EUXOMENWI, "INA MHD' 'AN3 "OUTW TUCHI6, BLASFHMOUNTO$
SOU4 'AKOUWN 'OUQEN 'APODEXHTAI TH$ QUSIA$ TAUTH$, TUCON DE-KAI
"ETERON TI PROSAPOLAUSHI$. 'EMOI4 MEN-'OUN DOKEI0 BELTISTON
'EINAI "HSUCIAN 'ECEIN; THI MEN-GAR LAKEDAIMONIWN
'EUCHI DIA= THN MEGALOYUCIAN % TOUTO GAR KALLISTON TWN 'EN
'AFROSUNHI GE 'ONOMATWN % 'OUK 'AN4 'OIMAI SE 'EQELEIN CRHSQAI.
<P 150D>
'ANAGKAION 'OUN 'ESTI PERIMENEIN0 "EW$ 'AN4 TI$ MAQHI6 "W$ DEI PRO$
QEOU$ KAI PRO$ 'ANQRWPOU$ DIAKEISQAI.
AL _ PO=TE 'OUN PARESTAI "O CRONO$ "OUTO$, 'W* SWKRATE$,
KAI TI=$ "O PAIDEUSWN: "HDISTA GAR 'AN4 MOI DOKW0 'IDEIN TOUTON
TON 'ANQRWPON TI=$ 'ESTIN.
SW _ "OUTO$ "WI MELEI0 PERI= SOU4. 'ALLA= DOKEI0 MOI, "WSPER
TW*I DIOMHDEI FHSIN THN 'AQHNAN "OMHRO$ 'APO9 TWN 'OFQALMWN9
'AFELEIN THN 'ACLUN9,
'OFR'9 'EU9 GIGNWSKOI1 'HMEN9 QEON9 'HDE9-KAI9 'ANDRA9,
<P 150E>
"OUTW KAI SOI4 DEIN 'APO TH$ YUCH$ PRWTON THN 'ACLUN 'AFELONTA,
"H=4 NU*N PAROUSA TUGCANEI0, TO THNIKAUT' 'HDH PROSFEREIN
DI' "WN MELLEI$ GNWSESQAI 'HMEN9 KAKON 'HDE9-KAI9 'ESQLON. NU*N
MEN-GAR 'OUK 'AN4 MOI DOKEI$ DUNHQHNAI.
AL _ 'AFAIREITW, 'EI=TE BOULETAI THN 'ACLUN 'EI=TE 'ALLO TI;
"W$ 'EGW PARESKEUASMAI MHQEN 'AN4 FUGEIN TWN "UP' 'EKEINOU
PROSTATTOMENWN, "OSTI$ POT' 'ESTIN "ANQRWPO$, 'EI GE MELLOIMI
BELTIWN GENESQAI.


<P 151A>
SW _ 'ALLA=-MHN 'KAKEINO$ QAUMASTHN "OSHN PERI= SE
PROQUMIAN 'ECEI0.
AL _ 'EI$ TO=TE TOINUN-KAI THN QUSIAN 'ANABALLESQAI
KRATISTON 'EINAI MOI DOKEI0.
SW _ KAI 'ORQW$ GE SOI4 DOKEI0. 'ASFALESTERON GAR 'ESTIN
'H= PARAKINDUNEUEIN TOSOUTON KINDUNON.
AL _ 'ALLA= PW*$, 'W* SWKRATE$: KAI-MHN TOUTONI TON
STEFANON, 'EPEIDH MOI DOKEI$ KALW$ SUMBEBOULEUKENAI, SOI4
<P 151B>
PERIQHSW2; TOI$ QEOI$ DE-KAI STEFANOU$ KAI 'TALLA PANTA
TA NOMIZOMENA TO=TE DWSOMEN, "OTAN 'EKEINHN THN "HMERAN
'ELQOUSAN 'IDW4. "HXEI2 D' 'OU DIA= MAKROU TOUTWN QELONTWN0.
SW _ 'ALLA= DECOMAI KAI TOUTO, KAI 'ALLO DE 'AN4 TI TWN
PARA SOU4 DOQENTWN5 "HDEW$ 'IDOIMI DEXAMENON 'EMAUTON. "WSPER
DE-KAI "O KREWN 'EURIPIDHI PEPOIHTAI TON TEIRESIAN 'IDWN
'ECONTA TA STEFH KAI 'AKOUSA$ 'APO TWN POLEMIWN 'APARCA$
'AUTON 'EILHFENAI DIA= THN TECNHN,
'OIWNON9 'EQEMHN9, FHSI, KALLINIKA9 SA97 STEFH9;
'EN9 GAR9 KLUDWNI9 KEIMEQ'9, "WSPER9 'OISQA9 SU9;
"OUTW DE 'KAGW PARA SOU4 THN DOXAN TAUTHN 'OIWNON9 TIQEMAI1.
<P 151C>
DOKW0 DE MOI 'OUK 'EN9 'ELATTONI KLUDWNI9 TOU* KREONTO$ 'EINAI,
KAI BOULOIMHN 'AN4 KALLINIKO$1 GENESQAI TWN SWN 'ERASTWN.


<B ERA$>


<P 132A>
'EI$ DIONUSIOU TOU* GRAMMATISTOU 'EISHLQON, KAI 'EIDON
'AUTOQI TWN TE NEWN TOU$ 'EPIEIKESTATOU$ DOKOUNTA$ 'EINAI THN
'IDEAN KAI PATERWN 'EUDOKIMWN, KAI TOUTWN 'ERASTA$. 'ETUGCANETHN
'OUN DUO TWN MEIRAKIWN 'ERIZONTE, PERI= "OTOU DE, 'OU
SFO=DRA KATHKOUON. 'EFAINESQHN MENTOI 'H= PERI= 'ANAXAGOROU
<P 132B>
'H= PERI= 'OINOPIDOU 'ERIZEIN; KUKLOU$ GOUN GRAFEIN 'EFAINESQHN
KAI 'EGKLISEI$ TINA$ 'EMIMOUNTO TOIN CEROIN 'EPIKLINONTE KAI
MAL' 'ESPOUDAKOTE. 'KAGW % KAQHMHN GAR PARA TON 'ERASTHN
TOU* "ETEROU 'AUTOIN % KINHSA$ 'OUN 'AUTON TW*I 'AGKWNI 'HROMHN
"OTI2 POTE "OUTW$ 'ESPOUDAKOTE TW MEIRAKIW 'EITHN, KAI 'EIPON;
'H*-POU MEGA TI KAI KALON 'ESTI PERI= "O= TOSAUTHN SPOUDHN
PEPOIHMENW-'ESTON0:
"O D' 'EI*PE, POI*ON, 'EFH, MEGA KAI KALON: 'ADOLESCOUSI0
MEN-'OUN "OUTOI GE PERI= TWN METEWRWN KAI FLUAROUSI0
FILOSOFOUNTE$.
<P 132C>
KAI 'EGW QAUMASA$ 'AUTOU4 THN 'APOKRISIN 'EIPON; 'W* NEANIA,
'AISCRON DOKEI0 SOI4 'EINAI TO FILOSOFEIN: 'H= TI= "OUTW$ CALEPW$
LEGEI$:
KAI "O "ETERO$ % PLHSION GAR KAQHMENO$ 'ETUGCANEN 'AUTOU4,
'ANTERASTH$ 'WN % 'AKOUSA$ 'EMOU4 TE 'EROMENOU 'KAKEINOU 'APOKRINOMENOU,
'OU PRO$ SOU4 GE, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, POIEI$ TO
KAI 'ANERESQAI TOUTON 'EI 'AISCRON "HGEITAI FILOSOFIAN 'EINAI.
'H= 'OUK 'OISQA TOUTON "OTI4 TRACHLIZOMENO$ KAI 'EMPIMPLAMENO$
KAI KAQEUDWN PANTA TON BION DIATETELEKEN0: "WSTE SU TI=
'AUTON 'WIOU 'APOKRINEISQAI 'ALL'-'H= "OTI4 'AISCRON 'ESTI FILOSOFIA:
<P 132D>
'H*N DE "OUTO$ MEN TOIN 'ERASTAIN PERI= MOUSIKHN DIATETRIFW$,
"O D' "ETERO$, "ON 'ELOIDOREI, PERI= GUMNASTIKHN. KAI
MOI 'EDOXE CRHNAI0 TON MEN "ETERON 'AFIENAI, TON 'ERWTWMENON,
"OTI4 'OUD' 'AUTO$ PROSEPOIEITO PERI= LOGWN 'EMPEIRO$ 'EINAI 'ALLA=
PERI= 'ERGWN, TON DE SOFWTERON PROSPOIOUMENON 'EINAI DIERWTHSAI0,
"INA KAI 'EI TI DUNAIMHN PAR' 'AUTOU4 'WFELHQEIHN.
'EIPON 'OUN "OTI4 'EI$ KOINON MEN TO 'ERWTHMA 'HROMHN; 'EI DE SU
'OIEI TOUDE KALLION 'AN4 'APOKRINASQAI, SE 'ERWTW0 TO 'AUTO "OPER
KAI TOUTON, 'EI DOKEI0 SOI4 TO FILOSOFEIN KALON 'EINAI 'H= 'OU=.


<P 133A>
SCEDON 'OUN TAUTA LEGONTWN0 "HMWN 'EPAKOUSANTE TW MEIRAKIW
'ESIGHSATHN, KAI 'AUTW PAUSAMENW TH$ 'ERIDO$ "HMWN
'AKROATAI 'EGENESQHN. KAI "OTI2 MEN "OI 'ERASTAI 'EPAQON 'OUK
'OIDA, 'AUTO$ D'-'OUN 'EXEPLAGHN; 'AEI GAR POTE "UPO TWN NEWN
TE-KAI KALWN 'EKPLHTTOMAI. 'EDOKEI MENTOI MOI KAI "O "ETERO$
'OUC "HTTON 'EMOU4 'AGWNIAN; 'OU-MHN-'ALL' 'APEKRINATO GE MOI
KAI MALA FILOTIMW$. "OPOTE GAR-TOI, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$,
<P 133B>
TO FILOSOFEIN 'AISCRON "HGHSAIMHN 'EINAI, 'OUD' 'AN4 'ANQRWPON
NOMISAIMI 'EMAUTON 'EINAI, 'OUD' 'ALLON TON "OUTW DIAKEIMENON,
'ENDEIKNUMENO$ 'EI$ TON 'ANTERASTHN, KAI LEGWN MEGALHI THI
FWNHI "IN' 'AUTOU4 KATAKOUOI TA PAIDIKA.
KAI 'EGW 'EIPON, KALON 'A=RA DOKEI0 SOI4 TO FILOSOFEIN:
PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EFH.
TI= 'OUN, 'EGW 'EFHN; 'H* DOKEI0 SOI4 "OION-T'-'EINAI 'EIDENAI
PRAGMA "OTIOUN 'EI=TE KALON 'EI=TE 'AISCRON 'ESTIN, "O= MH 'EIDEIH
TI$ THN 'ARCHN "OTI2 'ESTIN:
'OUK 'EFH.
<P 133C>
'OISQ' 'A=RA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OTI2 'ESTIN TO FILOSOFEIN:
PANU GE, 'EFH.
TI= 'OUN 'ESTIN: 'EFHN 'EGW.
TI= D' 'ALLO GE 'H= KATA TO SOLWNO$: SOLWN GAR-POU
'EI*PE %
GHRASKW9 D'9 'AIEI9 POLLA9 DIDASKOMENO$9;
KAI 'EMOI4 DOKEI0 "OUTW$ 'AEI CRHNAI0 "EN GE TI MANQANEIN TON
MELLONTA FILOSOFHSEIN, KAI NEWTERON 'ONTA KAI PRESBUTERON,
"IN' "W$ PLEISTA 'EN TW*I BIWI MAQHI6. KAI MOI TO MEN
PRWTON 'EDOXE TI 'EIPEIN, 'EPEITA PW$ 'ENNOHSA$ 'HROMHN 'AUTON
'EI THN FILOSOFIAN POLUMAQIAN "HGOITO.
<P 133D>
'KAKEINO$, PANU, 'EFH.
"HGHI0 DE-DH KALON 'EINAI MONON THN FILOSOFIAN 'H=-KAI
'AGAQON: 'H*N-D'-'EGW.
KAI 'AGAQON, 'EFH, PANU.
POTERON 'OUN 'EN FILOSOFIA\ TI TOUTO 'IDION 'ENORA*I$0, 'H=-KAI
'EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$ "OUTW SOI4 DOKEI0 'ECEIN: "OION FILOGUMNASTIAN
'OU MONON "HGHI0 KALON 'EINAI, 'ALLA=-KAI 'AGAQON: 'H= 'OU=:
"O DE-KAI MALA 'EIRWNIKW$ 'EI*PE DUO; PRO$ MEN TONDE
MOI 'EIRHSQW "OTI4 'OUDE=TERA; PRO$ MENTOI SE, 'W* SWKRATE$,
<P 133E>
"OMOLOGW0 KAI KALON 'EINAI KAI 'AGAQON; "HGOUMAI GAR 'ORQW$.
'HRWTHSA 'OUN 'EGW, 'A*R'-'OUN-KAI 'EN TOI$ GUMNASIOI$ THN
POLUPONIAN FILOGUMNASTIAN "HGHI0 'EINAI:
'KAKEINO$ 'EFH, PANU GE, "WSPER GE-KAI 'EN TW*I FILOSOFEIN
THN POLUMAQIAN FILOSOFIAN "HGOUMAI 'EINAI.
'KAGW 'EIPON, "HGHI0 DE-DH TOU$ FILOGUMNASTOUNTA$ 'ALLOU
TOU 'EPIQUMEIN 'H= TOUTOU, "OTI42 POIHSEI2 'AUTOU$ 'EU 'ECEIN TO
SWMA:
TOUTOU, 'EFH.
'H*-'OUN "OI POLLOI PONOI TO SWMA, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, POIOUSIN0
'EU 'ECEIN:


<P 134A>
PW*$ GAR 'AN4, 'EFH, 'APO GE 'OLIGWN PONWN TO SWMA TI$ 'EU
'ECOI:
KAI MOI 'EDOXEN 'HDH 'ENTAUQA KINHTEO$ 'EINAI "O FILOGUMNASTH$,
"INA MOI BOHQHSHI6 DIA= THN 'EMPEIRIAN TH$ GUMNASTIKH$;
'KAPEITA 'HROMHN 'AUTON, SU DE-DH TI= SIGA*I$0 "HMIN, 'W* LWISTE,
TOUTOU TAUTA LEGONTO$: 'H=-KAI SOI4 DOKOUSIN0 "OI 'ANQRWPOI 'EU
TA SWMATA 'ECEIN 'APO TWN POLLWN PONWN, 'H= 'APO TWN
METRIWN:
'EGW MEN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EFH, 'WIMHN TO LEGOMENON DH TOUTO
'KAN4 "UN GNWNAI0 "OTI4 "OI METRIOI PONOI 'EU POIOUSIN0 'ECEIN TA
<P 134B>
SWMATA, PO=QEN DH 'OUCI 'ANDRA GE 'AGRUPNON TE-KAI 'ASITON
KAI 'ATRIBH TON TRACHLON 'ECONTA KAI LEPTON "UPO MERIMNWN:
KAI 'AUTOU4 TAUTA 'EIPONTO$ "HSQH TA MEIRAKIA KAI 'EPEGELASEN,
"O D' "ETERO$ 'HRUQRIASE.
KAI 'EGW 'EIPON, TI= 'OUN: SU 'HDH SUGCWREI$ MHTE POLLOU$
MHTE 'OLIGOU$ PONOU$ 'EU POIEIN 'ECEIN TA SWMATA TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$,
'ALLA= TOU$ METRIOU$: 'H= DIAMACHI0 DUOIN 'ONTOIN NWIN PERI=
TOU* LOGOU:
<P 134C>
'KAKEINO$, PRO$ MEN TOUTON, 'EFH, 'KAN4 PANU "HDEW$ DIAGWNISAIMHN,
KAI 'EU 'OID' "OTI4 "IKANO$ 'AN4 GENOIMHN BOHQHSAI0
THI "UPOQESEI "HN "UPEQEMHN, KAI 'EI TAUTH$ 'ETI FAULOTERAN
"UPEQEMHN % 'OUDEN GAR 'ESTI % PRO$ MENTOI SE 'OUDEN DEOMAI
PARA DOXAN FILONIKEIN, 'ALL' "OMOLOGW0 MH TA POLLA 'ALLA=
TA ME=TRIA GUMNASIA THN 'EUEXIAN 'EMPOIEIN TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$.
TI= DE TA SITIA: TA ME=TRIA 'H= TA POLLA: 'EFHN 'EGW.
KAI TA SITIA "WMOLOGEI.
<P 134D>
'ETI DE 'KAGW PROSHNAGKAZON 'AUTON "OMOLOGEIN KAI 'TALLA
PANTA TA PERI= TO SWMA 'WFELIMWTATA 'EINAI TA ME=TRIA 'ALLA=
MH TA POLLA MHDE TA 'OLIGA; KAI MOI "WMOLOGEI TA ME=TRIA.
TI= D', 'EFHN, TA PERI= THN YUCHN: TA ME=TRIA 'WFELEI0 'H=
TA 'AMETRA TWN PROSFEROMENWN:
TA ME=TRIA, 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N "EN TWN PROSFEROMENWN YUCHI 'ESTI KAI TA
MAQHMATA:
"WMOLOGEI.
KAI TOUTWN 'A=RA TA ME=TRIA 'WFELEI0 'ALL' 'OU TA POLLA:
SUNEFH.
<P 134E>
TI=NA 'OUN 'EROMENOI 'AN4 DIKAIW$ 'EROIMEQA "OPOIOI METRIOI
PONOI KAI SITIA PRO$ TO SWMA 'ESTIN:
"WMOLOGOUMEN MEN TREI$ 'ONTE$, "OTI4 'IATRON 'H= PAIDOTRIBHN.
TI=NA D' 'AN4 PERI= SPERMATWN SPORA$ "OPOSON METRION:
KAI TOUTOU TON GEWRGON "WMOLOGOUMEN.
TI=NA DE PERI= MAQHMATWN 'EI$ YUCHN FUTEUSEW$ TE-KAI
SPORA$ 'ERWTWNTE$ DIKAIW$ 'AN4 'EROIMEQA "OPOSA KAI "OPOI*A
ME=TRIA:


<P 135A>
'TOUNTEUQEN 'HDH 'APORIA$ MESTOI 'HMEN "APANTE$; 'KAGW
PROSPAIZWN 'AUTOU$ 'HROMHN, BOULESQE0, 'EFHN, 'EPEIDH "HMEI$
'EN 'APORIA\ 'ESMEN, 'ERWMEQA TAUTI TA MEIRAKIA: 'H= 'ISW$
'AISCUNOMEQA, "WSPER 'EFH TOU$ MNHSTHRA$ "OMHRO$, MH
'AXIOUNTWN0 'EINAI TINA 'ALLON "OSTI$ 'ENTENEI2 TO TOXON:
'EPEIDH 'OUN MOI 'EDOKOUN 'AQUMEIN PRO$ TON LOGON, 'ALLHI
'EPEIRWMHN SKOPEIN, KAI 'EIPON, POI*A DE MALISTA 'ATTA TOPAZOMEN
'EINAI TWN MAQHMATWN "A DEI TON FILOSOFOUNTA
MANQANEIN, 'EPEIDH 'OUCI PANTA 'OUDE POLLA:
<P 135B>
"UPOLABWN 'OUN "O SOFWTERO$ 'EI*PEN "OTI4 KALLISTA TAUT'
'EIH TWN MAQHMATWN KAI PROSHKONTA 'AF' "WN 'AN4 PLEISTHN
DOXAN 'ECOI TI$ 'EI$ FILOSOFIAN; PLEISTHN D' 'AN4 'ECOI DOXAN,
'EI DOKOIH TWN TECNWN 'EMPEIRO$ 'EINAI PASWN, 'EI DE MH, "W$
PLEISTWN GE-KAI MALISTA TWN 'AXIOLOGWN, MAQWN 'AUTWN
TAUTA "A PROSHKEI0 TOI$ 'ELEUQEROI$ MAQEIN, "OSA SUNESEW$
'ECETAI, MH "OSA CEIROURGIA$.
'A*R'-'OUN "OUTW LEGEI$, 'EFHN 'EGW, "WSPER 'EN THI TEKTONIKHI:
<P 135C>
KAI-GAR 'EKEI TEKTONA MEN 'AN4 PRIAIO PENTE 'H= "EX MNWN, 'AKRON
'ARCITEKTONA DE-'OUD' 'AN4 MURIWN DRACMWN; 'OLIGOI GE-MHN 'KAN4
'EN PASI TOI$ "ELLHSI GIGNOINTO. 'A*RA MH TI TOIOUTON LEGEI$:
KAI "O$6 'AKOUSA$ MOU SUNECWREI KAI 'AUTO$ LEGEIN TOIOUTON.
'HROMHN D' 'AUTON 'EI 'OUK 'ADUNATON 'EIH DUO MONA$ TECNA$
"OUTW MAQEIN TON 'AUTON, MH-"OTI4 POLLA$ KAI MEGALA$; "O DE,
MH "OUTW$ MOU, 'EFH, "UPOLABHI$, 'W* SWKRATE$, "W$ LEGONTO$
"OTI4 DEI "EKASTHN TWN TECNWN TON FILOSOFOUNTA 'EPISTASQAI
<P 135D>
'AKRIBW$ "WSPER 'AUTON TON THN TECNHN 'ECONTA, 'ALL' "W$
'EIKO$ 'ANDRA 'ELEUQERON TE-KAI PEPAIDEUMENON, 'EPAKOLOUQHSAI0
TE TOI$ LEGOMENOI$ "UPO TOU* DHMIOURGOU "OION-T'-'EINAI DIAFERONTW$
TWN PARONTWN0, KAI 'AUTON XUMBALLESQAI GNWMHN,
"WSTE DOKEIN CARIESTATON 'EINAI KAI SOFWTATON TWN 'AEI
PARONTWN0 'EN TOI$ LEGOMENOI$ TE-KAI PRATTOMENOI$ PERI= TA$
TECNA$.
'KAGW, 'ETI GAR 'AUTOU4 'HMFEGNOOUN TON LOGON "OTI2 'EBOULETO,
<P 135E>
'A*R' 'ENNOW0, 'EFHN, "OION LEGEI$ TON FILOSOFON 'ANDRA: DOKEI$
GAR MOI LEGEIN "OIOI 'EN THI 'AGWNIA\ 'EISIN "OI PENTAQLOI PRO$
TOU$ DROMEA$ 'H= TOU$ PALAISTA$. KAI-GAR 'EKEINOI TOUTWN
MEN LEIPONTAI KATA TA TOUTWN 'AQLA KAI DEUTEROI 'EISI PRO$
TOUTOU$, TWN D' 'ALLWN 'AQLHTWN PRWTOI KAI NIKWSIN0 'AUTOU$.
TAC' 'AN4 'ISW$ TOIOUTON TI LEGOI$ KAI TO FILOSOFEIN 'APERGAZESQAI
TOU$ 'EPITHDEUONTA$ TOUTO TO 'EPITHDEUMA; TWN MEN


<P 136A>
PRWTWN 'EI$ SUNESIN PERI= TA$ TECNA$ 'ELLEIPESQAI, TA DEUTEREIA
D' 'ECONTA$ TWN 'ALLWN PERIEINAI, KAI "OUTW$ GIGNESQAI
PERI= PANTA "UPAKRON TINA 'ANDRA TON PEFILOSOFHKOTA;
TOIOUTON TINA MOI DOKEI$ 'ENDEIKNUSQAI.
KALW$ GE MOI, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, FAINHI0 "UPOLAMBANEIN
TA PERI= TOU* FILOSOFOU, 'APEIKASA$ 'AUTON TW*I PENTAQLWI.
'ESTIN GAR 'ATECNW$ TOIOUTO$ "OIO$ MH DOULEUEIN MHDENI PRAGMATI,
MHD' 'EI$ THN 'AKRIBEIAN MHDEN DIAPEPONHKENAI, "WSTE
DIA= THN TOU* "ENO$ TOUTOU 'EPIMELEIAN TWN 'ALLWN "APANTWN
<P 136B>
'APOLELEIFQAI, "WSPER "OI DHMIOURGOI, 'ALLA= PANTWN METRIW$
'EFHFQAI.
META TAUTHN DH THN 'APOKRISIN 'EGW PROQUMOUMENO$ SAFW$
'EIDENAI "OTI2 LEGOI, 'EPUNQANOMHN 'AUTOU4 TOU$ 'AGAQOU$ POTERON
CRHSIMOU$ 'H= 'ACRHSTOU$ 'EINAI "UPOLAMBANOI.
CRHSIMOU$ DHPOU, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EFH.
'A*R'-'OUN, 'EIPER "OI 'AGAQOI CRHSIMOI, "OI PONHROI
'ACRHSTOI:
"WMOLOGEI.
TI= DE: TOU$ FILOSOFOU$ 'ANDRA$ CRHSIMOU$ "HGHI0 'H= 'OU=:
<P 136C>
"O DE "WMOLOGEI CRHSIMOU$, KAI PRO$ GE 'EFH CRHSIMWTATOU$
'EINAI "HGEISQAI.
FERE DH GNWMEN, 'EI SU 'ALHQH LEGEI$, POU* KAI CRHSIMOI
"HMIN 'EISIN "OI "UPAKROI "OUTOI: DHLON GAR "OTI4 "EKASTOU GE TWN
TA$ TECNA$ 'ECONTWN0 FAULOTERO$ 'ESTIN "O FILOSOFO$.
"WMOLOGEI.
FERE DH SU, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EI TUCOI$ 'H= 'AUTO$ 'ASQENHSA$ 'H=
TWN FILWN TI$ TWN SWN PERI= "WN SU SPOUDHN MEGALHN 'ECEI$,
POTERON "UGEIAN BOULOMENO$ KTHSASQAI TON "UPAKRON 'EKEINON
TON8 FILOSOFON8 'EISAGOI$ 'AN4 'EI$ THN 'OIKIAN 'H= TON 'IATRON
LABOI$:
<P 136D>
'AMFOTEROU$ 'EGWG' 'AN4, 'EFH.
MH MOI, 'EIPON 'EGW, 'AMFOTEROU$ LEGE, 'ALL' "OPOTERON
MALLON TE-KAI PROTERON.
'OUDEI$ 'AN4, 'EFH, TOUTO GE 'AMFISBHTHSEIEN, "W$ 'OUCI TON
'IATRON KAI MALLON KAI PROTERON.
TI= D': 'EN NHI CEIMAZOMENHI POTERWI 'AN4 MALLON 'EPITREPOI$
SAUTON TE-KAI TA SEAUTOU, TW*I KUBERNHTHI 'H= TW*I FILOSOFWI:
TW*I KUBERNHTHI 'EGWGE.
'OUKOU*N-KAI 'TALLA PANQ' "OUTW$, "EW$ 'AN4 TI$ DHMIOURGO$ 'HI,
'OU CRHSIMO$ 'ESTIN "O FILOSOFO$:
FAINETAI, 'EFH.
<P 136E>
'OUKOU*N NU*N 'ACRHSTO$ TI$ "HMIN 'ESTIN "O FILOSOFO$: 'EISI
GAR "HMIN 'AEI POU DHMIOURGOI; "WMOLOGHSAMEN DE TOU$ MEN
'AGAQOU$ CRHSIMOU$ 'EINAI, TOU$ DE MOCQHROU$ 'ACRHSTOU$.
'HNAGKAZETO "OMOLOGEIN.
TI= 'OUN META TOUTO: 'ERWMAI SE 'H= 'AGROIKOTERON 'ESTIN
'ERESQAI %
'EROU "OTI2 BOULEI.
'OUDEN DH, 'EFHN 'EGW, ZHTW0 'ALLO 'H= 'ANOMOLOGHSASQAI TA


<P 137A>
'EIRHMENA. 'ECEI0 DE PW$ "WDI. "WMOLOGHSAMEN KALON 'EINAI
THN FILOSOFIAN KAI 'AUTOI FILOSOFOI 'EINAI, TOU$ DE FILOSOFOU$
'AGAQOU$, TOU$ DE 'AGAQOU$ CRHSIMOU$, TOU$ DE PONHROU$
'ACRHSTOU$; 'AUQI$ D' 'AU TOU$ FILOSOFOU$ "WMOLOGHSAMEN, "EW$
'AN4 "OI DHMIOURGOI 'WSIN, 'ACRHSTOU$ 'EINAI, DHMIOURGOU$ DE 'AEI
'EINAI. 'OU-GAR TAUTA "WMOLOGHTAI:
PANU GE, 'H*-D'-"O$.
"WMOLOGOUMEN 'A=RA, "W$ 'EOIKE0, KATA GE TON SON LOGON,
'EIPER TO FILOSOFEIN 'ESTI PERI= TA$ TECNA$ 'EPISTHMONA$
'EINAI "ON SU LEGEI$ TON TROPON, PONHROU$ 'AUTOU$ 'EINAI KAI
<P 137B>
'ACRHSTOU$, "EW$ 'AN4 'EN 'ANQRWPOI$ TECNAI 'WSIN. 'ALLA= MH
'OUC "OUTW$, 'W* FILE, 'ECWSI, MHD' 'HI TOUTO FILOSOFEIN, PERI=
TA$ TECNA$ 'ESPOUDAKENAI, 'OUDE POLUPRAGMONOUNTA KUPTAZONTA
ZHN 'OUDE POLUMAQOUNTA, 'ALL' 'ALLO TI, 'EPEI 'EGW 'WIMHN
KAI 'ONEIDO$ 'EINAI TOUTO KAI BANAUSOU$ KALEISQAI0 TOU$ PERI= TA$
TECNA$ 'ESPOUDAKOTA$. "WDE DE SAFESTERON 'EISOMEQA 'EI 'A=RA
'ALHQH LEGW0, 'EA=N TOUTO 'APOKRINHI43; TI=NE$ "IPPOU$ 'EPISTANTAI
<P 137C>
KOLAZEIN 'ORQW$: POTERON "OIPER4 BELTISTOU$ POIOUSIN0 'H= 'ALLOI:
"OIPER BELTISTOU$.
TI= DE: KUNA$ 'OUC "OI=4 BELTISTOU$ 'EPISTANTAI POIEIN, "OUTOI
KAI KOLAZEIN 'ORQW$ 'EPISTANTAI:
NAI.
"H 'AUTH 'A=RA TECNH BELTISTOU$ TE POIEI0 KAI KOLAZEI0
'ORQW$:
FAINETAI MOI, 'H*-D'-"O$.
TI= DE: POTERON "HPER BELTISTOU$ TE POIEI0 KAI KOLAZEI0
'ORQW$, "H 'AUTH DE-KAI GIGNWSKEI0 TOU$ CRHSTOU$ KAI TOU$
MOCQHROU$, 'H= "ETE=RA TI$:
"H 'AUTH, 'EFH.
'EQELHSEI$ 'OUN-KAI KAT' 'ANQRWPOU$ TOUTO "OMOLOGEIN,
<P 137D>
"HPER BELTISTOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ POIEI0, TAUTHN 'EINAI KAI THN
KOLAZOUSAN 'ORQW$ KAI DIAGIGNWSKOUSAN TOU$ CRHSTOU$ TE-KAI
MOCQHROU$:
PANU G', 'EFH.
'OUKOU*N-KAI "HTI$ "ENA, KAI POLLOU$, KAI "HTI$ POLLOU$, KAI
"ENA:
NAI.
KAI KAQ' "IPPWN DH-KAI TWN 'ALLWN "APANTWN "OUTW$:
FHMI.
TI=$ 'OUN 'ESTIN "H 'EPISTHMH, "HTI$ TOU$ 'EN TAI$ POLESIN
'AKOLASTAINONTA$ KAI PARANOMOUNTA$ 'ORQW$ KOLAZEI0: 'OUC "H
DIKASTIKH:
NAI.
'H* 'ALLHN 'OUN TINA KALEI$0 KAI DIKAIOSUNHN 'H= TAUTHN:
'OU=K, 'ALLA= TAUTHN.
<P 137E>
'OUKOU*N "HIPER KOLAZOUSIN0 'ORQW$, TAUTHI KAI GIGNWSKOUSI0
TOU$ CRHSTOU$ KAI MOCQHROU$:
TAUTHI.
"OSTI$ DE "ENA GIGNWSKEI0, KAI POLLOU$ GNWSETAI:
NAI.
KAI "OSTI$ GE POLLOU$ 'AGNOEI0, KAI "ENA:
FHMI.
'EI 'A=RA "IPPO$ 'WN 'AGNOOI TOU$ CRHSTOU$ KAI PONHROU$
"IPPOU$, 'KAN4 "EAUTON 'AGNOOI POI*O$ TI$ 'ESTIN:
FHMI.
KAI 'EI BOU$ 'WN 'AGNOOI TOU$ PONHROU$ KAI CRHSTOU$
BOU$7, 'KAN4 "AUTON 'AGNOOI POI*O$ TI$ 'ESTIN:
NAI, 'EFH.
"OUTW DH-KAI 'EI KUWN:
"WMOLOGEI.


<P 138A>
TI= D': 'EPEIDAN 'ANQRWPO$ TI$ 'WN 'AGNOHI5 TOU$ CRHSTOU$
KAI MOCQHROU$ 'ANQRWPOU$, 'A*R' 'OUC "AUTON 'AGNOEI0 POTERON
CRHSTO$ 'ESTIN 'H= PONHRO$, 'EPEIDH KAI 'AUTO$ 'ANQRWPO$ 'ESTIN:
SUNECWREI.
TO DE "AUTON 'AGNOEIN SWFRONEIN 'ESTIN 'H= MH SWFRONEIN:
MH SWFRONEIN.
TO "EAUTON 'A=RA GIGNWSKEIN 'ESTI SWFRONEIN:
FHMI, 'EFH.
TOUT' 'A=RA, "W$ 'EOIKE0, TO 'EN DELFOI$ GRAMMA PARAKELEUETAI,
SWFROSUNHN 'ASKEIN KAI DIKAIOSUNHN.
'EOIKEN0.
THI 'AUTHI DE TAUTHI KAI KOLAZEIN 'ORQW$ 'EPISTAMEQA0:
NAI.
<P 138B>
'OUKOU*N "HI MEN KOLAZEIN 'ORQW$ 'EPISTAMEQA0, DIKAIOSUNH
"AU=TH 'ESTIN, "HI DE DIAGIGNWSKEIN KAI "EAUTON KAI 'ALLOU$,
SWFROSUNH:
'EOIKEN0, 'EFH.
'TAUTON 'A=RA 'ESTI KAI DIKAIOSUNH KAI SWFROSUNH:
FAINETAI.
KAI-MHN "OUTW GE-KAI "AI POLEI$ 'EU 'OIKOUNTAI, "OTAN "OI
'ADIKOUNTE$ DIKHN DIDWSIN2.
'ALHQH LEGEI$, 'EFH.
KAI POLITIKH 'A=RA "AUTH= 'ESTIN.
SUNEDOKEI.
TI= DE "OTAN "EI$ 'ANHR 'ORQW$ POLIN DIOIKHI5, 'ONOMA GE
TOUTWI 'OU TURANNO$ TE-KAI BASILEU$:
FHMI.
'OUKOU*N BASILIKHI TE-KAI TURANNIKHI TECNHI DIOIKEI0:
"OUTW$.
KAI "AUTAI 'A=R' "AI 'AUTAI TECNAI 'EISIN 'EKEINAI$:
FAINONTAI.
<P 138C>
TI= D' "OTAN "EI$ 'WN 'ANHR 'OIKIAN DIOIKHI5 'ORQW$, TI= 'ONOMA
TOUTWI 'ESTIN: 'OUK 'OIKONOMO$ TE-KAI DESPOTH$:
NAI.
POTERON 'OUN-KAI "OUTO$ DIKAIOSUNHI 'EU 'AN4 THN 'OIKIAN
DIOIKOI 'H= 'KALLHI TINI TECNHI:
DIKAIOSUNHI.
'ESTIN 'A=RA 'TAUTON, "W$ 'EOIKE0, BASILEU$, TURANNO$, POLITIKO$,
'OIKONOMO$, DESPOTH$, SWFRWN, DIKAIO$. KAI MIA
TECNH 'ESTIN BASILIKH, TURANNIKH, POLITIKH, DESPOTIKH, 'OIKONOMIKH,
DIKAIOSUNH, SWFROSUNH.
FAINETAI, 'EFH, "OUTW$.
<P 138D>
POTERON 'OUN TW*I FILOSOFWI, "OTAN MEN 'IATRO$ PERI= TWN
KAMNONTWN0 TI LEGHI5, 'AISCRON MHQ' "EPESQAI TOI$ LEGOMENOI$
DUNASQAI MHTE SUMBALLESQAI MHDEN PERI= TWN LEGOMENWN
'H= PRATTOMENWN, KAI "OPOTAN 'ALLO$ TI$ TWN DHMIOURGWN,
"WSAUTW$; "OTAN DE DIKASTH$ 'H= BASILEU$ 'H= 'ALLO$ TI$ "WN
NUNDH DIELHLUQAMEN, 'OUK 'AISCRON PERI= TOUTWN MHTE "EPESQAI
DUNASQAI MHTE SUMBALLESQAI PERI= 'AUTWN:
PW*$ D' 'OUK 'AISCRON, 'W* SWKRATE$, PERI= GE TOSOUTWN
PRAGMATWN MHDEN 'ECEIN SUMBALLESQAI:
<P 138E>
POTERON 'OUN-KAI PERI= TAUTA LEGWMEN, 'EFHN, PENTAQLON
'AUTON DEIN 'EINAI KAI "UPAKRON, KAI TAUTH$ MEN TA DEUTEREIA
'ECONTA PANTWN TON FILOSOFON, KAI 'ACREION 'EINAI "EW$ 'AN4
TOUTWN TI$ 'HI, 'H= PRWTON MEN THN "AUTOU 'OIKIAN 'OUK 'ALLWI
'EPITREPTEON 'OUDE TA DEUTEREIA 'EN TOUTWI "EKTEON, 'ALL' 'AUTON
KOLASTEON DIKAZONTA 'ORQW$, 'EI MELLEI0 'EU 'OIKEISQAI 'AUTOU4
"H 'OIKIA:
SUNECWREI DH MOI.
'EPEITA GE-DHPOU 'EANTE "OI FILOI 'AUTWI DIAITA$ 'EPITREPWSIN,
'EANTE "H POLI$ TI PROSTATTHI5 DIAKRINEIN0 'H= DIKAZEIN,


<P 139A>
'AISCRON 'EN TOUTOI$, 'W* "ETAIRE, DEUTERON FAINESQAI 'H= TRITON
KAI MH 'OUC "HGEISQAI:
DOKEI0 MOI.
POLLOU 'A=RA DEI "HMIN, 'W* BELTISTE, TO FILOSOFEIN POLUMAQIA
TE 'EINAI KAI "H PERI= TA$ TECNA$ PRAGMATEIA.
'EIPONTO$ D' 'EMOU4 TAUTA "O MEN SOFO$ 'AISCUNQEI$ TOI$
PROEIRHMENOI$ 'ESIGHSEN, "O DE 'AMAQH$ 'EFH 'EKEINW$ 'EINAI;
KAI "OI 'ALLOI 'EPHINESAN TA 'EIRHMENA.


<B AX>


<P 364A>
SW ^ 'EXIONTI MOI 'E$ KUNOSARGE$ KAI GENOMENWI MOI KATA
TON 'ILISON DIHIXE FWNH BOWNTO$ TOU, SWKRATE$, SWKRATE$.
"W$ DE 'EPISTRAFEI$ PERIESKOPOUN "OPOQEN 'EIH, KLEINIAN "ORW0
TON 'AXIOCOU QEONTA 'EPI KALLIRROHN META DAMWNO$ TOU*
MOUSIKOU KAI CARMIDOU TOU* GLAUKWNO$; 'HSTHN DE 'AUTWI "O
MEN DIDASKALO$ TWN KATA MOUSIKHN, "O D' 'EX "ETAIREIA$ 'ERASTH$
<P 364B>
"AMA KAI 'ERWMENO$. 'EDOKEI 'OUN MOI 'AFEMENWI TH$ 'EUQU "ODOU
'APANTAN 'AUTOI$, "OPW$ "RA*ISTA "OMOU GENOIMEQA. DEDAKRUMENO$
DE "O KLEINIA$, SWKRATE$, 'EFH, NU*N "O KAIRO$ 'ENDEIXASQAI
THN 'AEI QRULOUMENHN PRO$ SOU4 SOFIAN; "O GAR PATHR
'EK TINO$ "WRA$ 'AIFNIDIOU 'ADUNATW$ 'ECEI0 KAI PRO$ TW*I TELEI
TOU* BIOU 'ESTIN, 'ANIARW$ TE FEREI0 THN TELEUTHN, KAITOI-GE
TON PROSQEN CRONON DIACLEUAZWN TOU$ MORMOLUTTOMENOU$ TON
<P 364C>
QANATON KAI PRA\W$ 'EPITWQAZWN. 'AFIKOMENO$ 'OUN PARHGORHSON2
'AUTON "W$ 'EIWQA$, "OPW$ 'ASTENAKTI 'E$ TO CREWN 'IHI5,
KAI MOI SUN TOI$ LOIPOI$ "INA KAI TOUTO 'EUSEBHQHI. 'ALL'
'OUK 'ATUCHSEI$ MOU, 'W* KLEINIA, 'OUDENO$ TWN METRIWN, KAI
TAUTA 'EF' "O=SIA PARAKALWN0. 'EPEIGWMEQA D'-'OUN; 'EI GAR
"OUTW$ 'ECEI0, 'WKUTHTO$ DEI0.
KL ^ 'OFQENTO$ SOU4 MONON, 'W* SWKRATE$, "RAISEI2; KAI-GAR
'HDH POLLAKI$ 'AUTWI GEGONEN0 SUMPTWMATO$ 'ANASFHLAI0.
<P 364D>
"W$ DE QATTON THN PARA TO TEICO$ 'HIEIMEN TAI$ 'ITWNIAI$


<P 365A> %
PLHSION GAR 'WIKEI TWN PULWN PRO$ THI 'AMAZONIDI STHLHI %
KATALAMBANOMEN 'AUTON 'HDH MEN SUNEILEGMENON TA$ "AFA$
KAI TW*I SWMATI "RWMALEON, 'ASQENH DE THN YUCHN, PANU 'ENDEA
PARAMUQIA$, POLLAKI$ DE 'ANAFEROMENON KAI STENAGMOU$ "IENTA
SUN DAKRUOI$ KAI KROTHSESI CEIRWN. KATIDWN DE 'AUTON,
'AXIOCE, TI= TAUTA: 'EFHN; POU* TA PROSQEN 'AUCHMATA
KAI "AI SUNECEI$ 'EULOGIAI TWN 'ARETWN KAI TO 'ARRATON 'EN
SOI4 QARSO$: "W$ GAR 'AGWNISTH$ DEILO$, 'EN TOI$ GUMNASIOI$
<P 365B>
GENNAIO$ FAINOMENO$, "UPOLELOIPA$ 'EN TOI$ 'AQLOI$. 'OUK 'EPILOGIHI2
THN FUSIN PERIESKEMMENW$, 'ANHR TOSOSDE TW*I CRONWI
KAI KATHKOO$ LOGWN, KAI 'EI MHDEN "ETERON, 'AQHNAIO$, "OTI4, TO
KOINON DH TOUTO KAI PRO$ "APANTWN QRULOUMENON, PAREPIDHMIA
TI$ 'ESTIN "O BIO$, KAI "OTI4 DEI 'EPIEIKW$ DIAGAGONTA$ 'EUQUMW$
MONON 'OUCI PAIANIZONTA$ 'EI$ TO CREWN 'APIENAI: TO DE "OUTW$
MALAKW$ KAI DUSAPOSPASTW$ 'ECEIN NHPIOU DIKHN 'OU PERI=
FRONOUSAN "HLIKIAN 'ECEIN:
<P 365C>
AX ^ 'ALHQH TAUTA, 'W* SWKRATE$, KAI 'ORQW$ MOI FAINHI0
LEGWN; 'ALL' 'OUK 'OIDA "OPW$ PAR' 'AUTO MOI TO DEINON GENOMENWI
"OI MEN KARTEROI KAI PERITTOI LOGOI "UPEKPNEOUSIN0 LELHQOTW$
KAI 'ATIMAZONTAI, 'ANTISCEI0 DE DEO$ TI, POIKILW$ PERIAMUTTON
TON NOUN, 'EI STERHSOMAI TOUDE TOU* FWTO$ KAI TWN 'AGAQWN,
'AIDH$ DE-KAI 'APUSTO$ "OPOIPOTE KEISOMAI SHPOMENO$, 'EI$ 'EULA$
KAI KNWDALA METABALLWN.
<P 365D>
SW ^ SUNAPTEI$ GAR, 'W* 'AXIOCE, PARA THN 'ANEPISTASIAN
'ANEPILOGISTW$ THI 'ANAISQHSIA\ 'AISQHSIN, KAI SEAUTWI "UPENANTIA
KAI POIEI$ KAI LEGEI$, 'OUK 'EPILOGIZOMENO$ "OTI4 "AMA
MEN 'ODURHI0 THN 'ANAISQHSIAN, "AMA DE 'ALGEI$ 'EPI SHYESI KAI
STERHSEI TWN "HDEWN, "WSPER 'EI$ "ETERON ZHN 'APOQANOUMENO$,
'ALL' 'OUK 'EI$ PANTELH METABALWN0 'ANAISQHSIAN KAI THN 'AUTHN
THI PRO TH$ GENESEW$. "W$ 'OUN 'EPI TH$ DRAKONTO$ 'H= KLEISQENOU$
POLITEIA$ 'OUDEN PERI= SE KAKON 'H*N % 'ARCHN GAR 'OUK
<P 365E>
'H$, PERI= "ON 'AN4 'H*N % "OUTW$ 'OUDE META THN TELEUTHN GENHSETAI;
SU GAR 'OUK 'ESHI2 PERI= "ON 'ESTAI. PANTA TOIGAROUN TON TOIONDE
FLUARON 'APOSKEDASAI2, TOUTO 'ENNOHSA$, "OTI4 TH$ SUGKRISEW$
"APAX DIALUQEISH$ KAI TH$ YUCH$ 'EI$ TON 'OIKEION "IDRUQEISH$
TOPON, TO "UPOLEIFQEN SWMA, GEWDE$ 'ON KAI 'ALOGON, 'OUK 'ESTIN
"O 'ANQRWPO$. "HMEI$ MEN-GAR 'ESMEN YUCH, ZWION 'AQANATON


<P 366A>
'EN QNHTWI KAQEIRGMENON FROURIWI; TO DE SKHNO$ TOUTI PRO$
KAKOU PERIHRMOSEN "H FUSI$, "WI TA MEN "HDONTA 'AMUCIAI*A KAI
PTHNA KAI 'EI$ PLEIOU$ 'ODUNA$ 'ANAKEKRAMENA, TA DE 'ALGEINA
'AKRAIFNH KAI POLUCRO=NIA KAI TWN "HDONTWN0 'AMOIRA; NOSOU$ DE-KAI
FLEGMONA$ TWN 'AISQHTHRIWN, 'ETI DE TA$ 'ENTO$ KAKOTHTA$,
"OI$ 'ANAGKASTW$, "ATE PARESPARMENH TOI$ POROI$, "H YUCH
SUNALGOUSA TON 'OURANION POQEI0 KAI SUMFULON 'AIQERA, KAI
DIYA*I0, TH$ 'EKEISE DIAITH$ KAI COREIA$ 'ORIGNWMENH. "WSTE "H
<P 366B>
TOU* ZHN 'APALLAGH KAKOU TINO$ 'ESTIN 'EI$ 'AGAQON METABOLH.
AX ^ KAKON 'OUN, 'W* SWKRATE$, "HGOUMENO$ TO ZHN PW*$ 'EN
'AUTWI MENEI$0: KAI TAUTA FRONTISTH$ 'WN KAI "UPER "HMA$ TOU$
POLLOU$ TW*I NWI DIAFERWN:
SW ^ 'AXIOCE, SU DE 'OUK 'ETUMA MOI MARTUREI$, 'OIEI DE
KAQAPER 'AQHNAIWN "H PLHQU$, 'EPEIDH ZHTHTIKO$ 'EIMI TWN
PRAGMATWN, 'EPISTHMONA TOU 'EINAI ME. 'EGW DE 'EUXAIMHN 'AN4
TA KOINA TAUTA 'EIDENAI; TOSOUTON 'APODEW0 TWN PERITTWN.
<P 366C>
KAI TAUTA DE "A LEGW0, PRODIKOU 'ESTIN TOU* SOFOU 'APHCHMATA,
TA MEN DIMOIROU 'EWNHMENA, TA DE DUOIN DRACMAIN, TA DE
TETRADRACMOU. PROIKA GAR "ANHR "OUTO$ 'OUDENA DIDASKEI0,
DIA= PANTO$ DE 'EQO$ 'ESTIN 'AUTWI FWNEIN TO 'EPICARMEION, "A92
DE9 CEIR9 TAN9 CEIRA9 NIZEI90; DO$9 TI9, KAI9 LABE1 TI9. KAI PRWIHN
GOUN PARA KALLIA\ TW*I "IPPONIKOU POIOUMENO$ 'EPIDEIXIN TOSADE
TOU* ZHN KATEI*PEN, "WSTE 'EGWGE MEN PARA 'AKARH DIEGRAYA
TON BION, KAI 'EX 'EKEINOU QANATA*I0 MOU "H YUCH, 'AXIOCE.
AX ^ TI=NA DE 'H*N TA LECQENTA:
<P 366D>
SW ^ FRASAIMI 'AN4 SOI4 TAUTA "A MNHMONEUSW2. 'EFH GAR,
TI= MERO$ TH$ "HLIKIA$ 'AMOIRON TWN 'ANIARWN: 'OU KATA MEN
THN PRWTHN GENESIN TO NHPION KLAEI0, TOU* ZHN 'APO LUPH$
'ARCOMENON: 'OU LEIPETAI GOUN 'OUDEMIA$ 'ALGHDONO$, 'ALL' 'H=
DI' 'ENDEIAN 'H= PERIYUGMON 'H= QALPO$ 'H= PLHGHN 'ODUNATAI0,
LALHSAI0 MEN 'OUPW DUNAMENON "A PASCEI0, KLAUQMURIZOMENON
DE-KAI TAUTHN TH$ DUSARESTHSEW$ MIAN 'ECON FWNHN. "OPOTAN
DE 'EI$ THN "EPTAETIAN 'AFIKHTAI POLLOU$ PONOU$ DIANTLHSAN,
<P 366E>
'EPESTHSAN PAIDAGWGOI KAI GRAMMATISTAI KAI PAIDOTRIBAI
TURANNOUNTE$; 'AUXANOMENOU DE KRITIKOI, GEWMETRAI, TAKTIKOI,
POLU PLHQO$ DESPOTWN. 'EPEIDAN DE 'EI$ TOU$ 'EFHBOU$
'EGGRAFHI, KOSMHTH$ KAI FOBO$ CEIRWN, 'EPEITA LUKEION KAI


<P 367A>
'AKADHMEIA KAI GUMNASIARCIA KAI "RABDOI KAI KAKWN 'AMETRIAI;
KAI PA$ "O TOU* MEIRAKISKOU PONO$ 'ESTIN "UPO SWFRONISTA$
KAI THN 'EPI TOU$ NEOU$ "AIRESIN TH$ 'EX 'AREIOU PAGOU BOULH$.
'EPEIDAN DE 'APOLUQHI TOUTWN, FRONTIDE$ 'ANTIKRU$ "UPEDUSAN
KAI DIALOGISMOI TI=NA THN TOU* BIOU "ODON 'ENSTHSONTAI, KAI
TOI$ "USTERON CALEPOI$ 'EFANH TA PRWTA PAIDIKA KAI NHPIWN
"W$ 'ALHQW$ FOBHTRA; STRATEIAI TE-GAR-KAI TRAUMATA KAI
<P 367B>
SUNECEI$ 'AGWNE$. 'EITA LAQON "UPHLQEN TO GHRA$, 'EI$ "O= PAN
SURREI0 TO TH$ FUSEW$ 'EPIKHRON KAI DUSALQE$. 'KAN2 MH TI$
QATTON "W$ CREO$ 'APODIDWI0 TO ZHN, "W$ 'OBOLOSTATI$ "H FUSI$
'EPISTASA 'ENECURAZEI0 TOU* MEN 'OYIN, TOU* DE 'AKOHN, POLLAKI$
DE 'AMFW. 'KAN2 'EPIMEINHI6 TI$, PARELUSEN, 'ELWBHSATO, PARHRQRWSEN.
'ALLOI POLUGHRW$ 'AKMAZOUSIN0, KAI TW*I NWI DI$
PAIDE$ "OI GERONTE$ GIGNONTAI. KAI TOUTO KAI "OI QEOI TWN 'ANQRWPEIWN
<P 367C>
'EPISTHMONE$, KAI "OU$ 'AN4 PERI= PLEISTOU POIWNTAI,
QATTON 'APALLATTOUSI0 TOU* ZHN. 'AGAMHDH$ GOUN-KAI TROFWNIO$
"OI DEIMAMENOI TO PUQOI TOU* QEOU TEMENO$, 'EUXAMENOI
TO KRATISTON "AUTOI$ GENESQAI, KOIMHQENTE$ 'OUKET' 'ANESTHSAN;
"OI TE TH$ 'ARGEIA$ "HRA$ "IEREIA$ "UEI$, "OMOIW$ 'EUXAMENH$ 'AUTOI$
TH$ MHTRO$ GENESQAI TI TH$ 'EUSEBEIA$ PARA TH$ "HRA$
GERA$, 'EPEIDH TOU* ZEUGOU$ "USTERHSANTO$ "UPODUNTE$ 'AUTOI
DIHNEGKAN 'AUTHN 'EI$ TON NEWN, META THN 'EUCHN NUKTI METHLLAXAN.
<P 367D>
MAKRON 'AN4 'EIH DIEXIENAI TA TWN POIHTWN, "OI=4 STOMASIN
QEIOTEROI$ TA PERI= TON BION QESPIWIDOUSIN0, "W$ KATODURONTAI
TO ZHN; "ENO$ DE MONOU MNHSQHSOMAI TOU* 'AXIOLOGWTATOU,
LEGONTO$ %
"W=$9 GAR9 'EPEKLWSANTO9 QEOI9 DEILOISI9 BROTOISIN9,
ZWEIN9 'ACNUMENOI$9,
KAI %
'OU9-MEN9-GAR97 TI9 POT'1 'ESTIN9 'OIZURWTERON9 'ANDRO$9
<P 367E>
PANTWN9 "OSSA9 TE9 GAIAN9 'EPIPNEIEI10 TE9-KAI9 "ERPEI90.


<P 368A>
TON D' 'AMFIARAON TI= FHSIN?&
TON1 PERI=9 KHRI9 FILEI90 ZEU$9 T'9 'AIGIOCO$9 KAI9 'APOLLWN9
PANTOIHI1 FILOTHTI1; 'OUD'9 "IKETO9 GHRAO$9 'OUDON9.
"O DE KELEUWN %
TON9 FUNTA9 QRHNEIN9 'EI$9 "OS'9 'ERCETAI9 KAKA9,
TI= SOI4 FAINETAI: 'ALLA= PAUOMAI, MH POTE PARA THN "UPOSCESIN
MHKUNW3 KAI "ETERWN MIMNHISKOMENO$. POI=AN DE TI$
"ELOMENO$ 'EPITHDEUSIN 'H= TECNHN 'OU MEMYETAI KAI TOI$ PAROUSI
<P 368B>
CALEPANEI2: TA$ CEIRWNAKTIKA$ 'EPELQWMEN KAI BANAUSOU$,
PONOUMENWN 'EK NUKTO$ 'EI$ NUKTA, KAI MOLI$ PORIZOMENWN
'TAPITHDEIA, KATODUROMENWN TE "AUTWN KAI PASAN 'AGRUPNIAN
'ANAPIMPLANTWN3 'OLOFURMOU KAI DAKRUWN: 'ALLA= TON PLWTIKON
KATALEXWMEQA, PERAIOUMENON DIA= TOSWNDE KINDUNWN KAI-MHTE,
"W$ 'APEFHNATO BIA$, 'EN TOI$ TEQNHKOSIN 'ONTA MHTE 'EN
TOI$ BIOUSIN4: "O GAR 'EPIGEIO$ 'ANQRWPO$ "W$ 'AMFIBIO$ "AUTON
<P 368C>
'EI$ TO PELAGO$ 'ERRIYEN, 'EPI THI TUCHI GENOMENO$ PA$. 'ALL'
"H GEWRGIA GLUKU: DHLON; 'ALL' 'OUC "OLON, "W$ FASIN0, "ELKO$,
'AEI LUPH$ PROFASIN "EURISKOMENON: KLAON NUNI MEN 'AUCMON,
NUNI DE 'EPOMBRIA$, NUNI DE 'EPIKAUSIN, NUNI DE 'ERUSIBHN, NUNI
DE QALPO$ 'AKAIRON 'H= KRUO$: 'ALL' "H POLUTIMHTO$ POLITEIA %
POLLA GAR "UPERBAINW0 % DIA= PO=SWN 'ELAUNETAI DEINWN, THN
MEN CARAN 'ECOUSA FLEGMONH$ DIKHN PALLOMENHN KAI SFUGMATWDH,
<P 368D>
THN DE 'APOTEUXIN 'ALGEINHN KAI QANATWN MURIWN
CEIRW: TI=$ GAR 'AN4 'EUDAIMONHSEIE PRO$ 'OCLON ZWN, 'EI
POPPUSQEIH KAI KROTHQEIH DHMOU PAIGNION 'EKBALLOMENON,
SURITTOMENON, ZHMIOUMENON, QNHISKON, 'ELEOUMENON: 'EPEI TOI-GE,
'AXIOCE POLITIKE, POU* TEQNHKE0 MILTIADH$: POU* DE QEMISTOKLH$:
POU* D' 'EFIALTH$: POU* DE PRWIHN "OI DEKA
STRATHGOI, "OT' 'EGW MEN 'OUK 'EPHROMHN THN GNWMHN: 'OU-GAR
'EFAINETO MOI SEMNON MAINOMENWI DHMWI SUNEXARCEIN; "OI DE
<P 368E>
PERI= QHRAMENHN KAI KALLIXENON THI "USTERAIA\ PROEDROU$
'EGKAQETOU$ "UFENTE$ KATECEIROTONHSAN TWN 'ANDRWN 'AKRITON


<P 369A>
QANATON. KAITOI-GE SU MONO$ 'AUTOI$ 'HMUNE$ KAI 'EURUPTOLEMO$,
TRISMURIWN 'EKKLHSIAZONTWN0.
AX ^ 'ESTIN TAUTA, 'W* SWKRATE$; KAI 'EGWGE 'EX 'EKEINOU
"ALI$ 'ESCON TOU* BHMATO$ KAI CALEPWTERON 'OUDEN 'EFANH MOI
POLITEIA$. DHLON DE TOI$ 'EN TW*I 'ERGWI GENOMENOI$. SU MEN-GAR
"OUTW LALEI$ "W$ 'EX 'APOPTOU QEWMENO$, "HMEI$ D' 'ISMEN
'AKRIBESTERON "OI DIA= PEIRA$ 'IONTE$. DHMO$ GAR, 'W* FILE
SWKRATE$, 'ACARISTON, "AYIKORON, 'WMON, BASKANON, 'APAIDEUTON,
"W$ 'AN4 SUNHRANISMENON 'EK SUGKLUDWN 'OCLOU KAI
<P 369B>
BIAIWN FLUARWN. "O DE TOUTWI PROSETAIRIZOMENO$ 'AQLIWTERO$
MAKRWI.
SW ^ "OPOTE 'OUN, 'W* 'AXIOCE, THN 'ELEUQERIWTATHN 'EPISTHMHN
TIQESAI TWN LOIPWN 'APEUKTAIOTATHN, TI= TA$ LOIPA$
'EPITHDEUSEI$ 'ENNOHSOMEN: 'OU FEUKTA$: 'HKOUSA DE POTE KAI
TOU* PRODIKOU LEGONTO$ "OTI4 "O QANATO$ 'OUTE PERI= TOU$ ZWNTA$
'ESTIN 'OUTE PERI= TOU$ METHLLACOTA$.
AX ^ PW*$ FH=I$, 'W* SWKRATE$:
SW ^ "OTI4 PERI= MEN TOU$ ZWNTA$ 'OUK 'ESTIN, "OI DE 'APOQANONTE$
<P 369C>
'OUK 'EISIN. "WSTE 'OUTE PERI= SE NU*N 'ESTIN % 'OU-GAR
TEQNHKA$ % 'OUTE 'EI TI PAQOI$, 'ESTAI PERI= SE; SU GAR 'OUK
'ESHI2. MATAIO$ 'OUN "H LUPH, PERI= TOU* MHTE 'ONTO$ MHTE 'ESOMENOU
PERI= 'AXIOCON 'AXIOCON 'ODURESQAI, KAI "OMOION "W$ 'EI
PERI= TH$ SKULLH$ 'H= TOU* KENTAUROU TI$ 'ODUROITO, TWN MHTE
'ONTWN0 PERI= SE MHTE "USTERON META THN TELEUTHN 'ESOMENWN. TO
GAR FOBERON TOI$ 'OUSIN 'ESTIN; TOI$ D' 'OUK 'OUSIN PW*$ 'AN4 'EIH:
<P 369D>
AX ^ SU MEN 'EK TH$ 'EPIPOLAZOUSH$ TA NU*N LESCHNEIA$ TA
SOFA TAUTA PROHIRHKA$; 'EKEIQEN GAR 'ESTIN "HDE "H FLUAROLOGIA
PRO$ TA MEIRAKIA DIAKEKOSMHMENH; 'EME DE "H STERHSI$ TWN
'AGAQWN TOU* ZHN LUPEI0, 'KAN2 PIQANWTEROU$ TOUTWN LOGOU$
'ARTIKROTHSHI$, 'W* SWKRATE$. 'OUK 'EPAIEI0 GAR "O NOU$ 'APOPLANWMENO$
'EI$ 'EUEPEIA$ LOGWN, 'OUDE "APTETAI TAUTA TH$
"OMOCROIA$, 'ALL' 'EI$ MEN POMPHN KAI "RHMATWN 'AGLAISMON
'ANUTEI0, TH$ DE 'ALHQEIA$ 'APODEI0. TA DE PAQHMATA SOFISMATWN
<P 369E>
'OUK 'ANECETAI, MONOI$ DE 'ARKEITAI TOI$ DUNAMENOI$
KAQIKESQAI TH$ YUCH$.
SW ^ SUNAPTEI$ GAR, 'W* 'AXIOCE, 'ANEPILOGISTW$, THI
STERHSEI TWN 'AGAQWN 'ANTEISAGWN KAKWN 'AISQHSIN, 'EKLAQOMENO$


<P 370A>
"OTI4 TEQNHKA$. LUPEI0 GAR TO STEROMENON TWN 'AGAQWN
"H 'ANTIPAQEIA TWN KAKWN, "O D' 'OUK 'WN 'OUDE TH$ STERHSEW$
'ANTILAMBANETAI. PW*$ 'OUN 'EPI TW*I MH PAREXONTI GNWSIN
TWN LUPHSONTWN GENOIT' 'AN4 "H LUPH: 'ARCHN GAR, 'W* 'AXIOCE,
MH SUNUPOTIQEMENO$ "AMW$ GE PW$ MIAN 'AISQHSIN, KATA TO
'ANEPISTHMON, 'OUK 'AN4 POTE PTUREIH$ TON QANATON. NU*N DE
PERITREPEI$ SEAUTON, DEIMATOUMENO$ STERHSESQAI TH$ YUCH$,
THI DE STERHSEI PERITIQEI*$ YUCHN, KAI TARBEI$ MEN TO MH
'AISQHSESQAI, KATALHYESQAI DE 'OIEI THN 'OUK 'ESOMENHN 'AISQHSIN
<P 370B>
'AISQHSEI; PRO$ TW*I POLLOU$ KAI KALOU$ 'EINAI LOGOU$
PERI= TH$ 'AQANASIA$ TH$ YUCH$. 'OU-GAR-DH QNHTH GE FUSI$
TOSONDE 'AN4 'HRATO MEGEQOURGIA$, "WSTE KATAFRONHSAI0 MEN
"UPERBALLONTWN0 QHRIWN BIA$, DIAPERAIWSASQAI DE PELAGH,
DEIMASQAI DE 'ASTH, KATASTHSASQAI DE POLITEIA$, 'ANABLEYAI0
DE 'EI$ TON 'OURANON KAI 'IDEIN PERIFORA$ 'ASTRWN KAI DROMOU$
"HLIOU TE-KAI SELHNH$, 'ANATOLA$ TE-KAI DUSEI$, 'EKLEIPEI$ TE-KAI
<P 370C>
TACEIA$ 'APOKATASTASEI$, 'ISHMERIA$ TE-KAI TROPA$ DITTA$,
KAI PLEIADWN CEIMWNA$, KAI QEROU$ 'ANEMOU$ TE-KAI KATAFORA$
'OMBRWN, KAI PRHSTHRWN 'EXAISIOU$ SURMOU$, KAI TA
TOU* KOSMOU PAQHMATA PARAPHXASQAI PRO$ TON 'AIWNA, 'EI MH
TI QEION 'ONTW$ 'ENHN PNEUMA THI YUCHI, DI' "OU2 THN TWN THLIKWNDE
PERINOIAN KAI GNWSIN 'ESCEN. "WSTE 'OUK 'EI$ QANATON
'ALL' 'EI$ 'AQANASIAN METABALLEI$, 'W* 'AXIOCE, 'OUDE 'AFAIRESIN
"EXEI$ TWN 'AGAQWN 'ALL' 'EILIKRINESTERAN THN 'APOLAUSIN, 'OUDE
<P 370D>
MEMEIGMENA$ QNHTWI SWMATI TA$ "HDONA$ 'ALL' 'AKRATOU$ "APASWN
'ALGHDONWN. KEISE GAR 'AFIXHI2 MONWQEI$ 'EK THSDE TH$ "EIRKTH$,
'ENQA 'APONA PANTA KAI 'ASTENAKTA KAI 'AGHRATA, GALHNO$
DE TI$ KAI KAKWN 'APONO$ BIO$, 'ASALEUTWI "HSUCIA\ 'EUDIAZOMENO$,
KAI PERIAQRWN THN FUSIN, FILOSOFWN 'OU PRO$ 'OCLON
KAI QEATRON 'ALLA= PRO$ 'AMFIQALH THN 'ALHQEIAN.
AX _ 'EI$ 'TOUNANTION ME TW*I LOGWI PERIESTAKA$; 'OUKETI
<P 370E>
GAR MOI QANATOU DEO$ 'ENESTIN, 'ALL' 'HDH KAI POQO$ % "INA TI
'KAGW MIMHSAMENO$ TOU$ "RHTORA$ PERITTON 'EIPW4 % KAI PALAI
METEWROLOGW0 KAI DIEIMI TON 'AIDION KAI QEION DROMON, 'EK TE
TH$ 'ASQENEIA$ 'EMAUTON SUNEILEGMAI KAI GEGONA KAINO$.


<P 371A>
SW ^ 'EI DE-KAI "ETERON BOULEI LOGON, "ON 'EMOI4 'HGGEILE
GWBRUH$, 'ANHR MAGO$; 'EFH KATA THN XERXOU DIABASIN TON
PAPPON "AUTOU KAI "OMWNUMON, PEMFQENTA 'EI$ DHLON2, "OPW$
THRHSEIE THN NHSON 'ASULON 'EN "HI "OI DUO QEOI 'EGENONTO, 'EK
TINWN CALKEWN DELTWN, "A$ 'EX "UPERBOREWN 'EKOMISAN 'WPI$
TE-KAI "EKAERGH, 'EKMEMAQHKENAI META THN TOU* SWMATO$ LUSIN
THN YUCHN 'EI$ TON 'ADHLON CWREIN TOPON, KATA THN "UPOGEION
'OIKHSIN, 'EN "HI BASILEIA PLOUTWNO$ 'OUC "HTTW TH$ TOU* DIO$
<P 371B>
'AULH$, "ATE TH$ MEN GH$ 'ECOUSH$ TA MESA TOU* KOSMOU, TOU*
DE POLOU 'ONTO$ SFAIROEIDOU$, "OU2 TO MEN "ETERON "HMISFAIRION
QEOI 'ELACON "OI 'OURANIOI, TO DE "ETERON "OI "UPENERQEN, "OI MEN
'ADELFOI 'ONTE$, "OI DE 'ADELFWN PAIDE$. TA DE PROPULA TH$
'EI$ PLOUTWNO$ "ODOU SIDHROI$ KLEIQROI$ KAI KLEISIN 'WCURWTAI.
TAUTA DE 'ANOIXANTA POTAMO$ 'ACERWN 'EKDECETAI, MEQ' "ON
<P 371C>
KWKUTO$, "OU$ CRH PORQMEUSANTA$ 'ACQHNAI 'EPI MINW KAI
"RADAMANQUN, "O= KLHIZETAI PEDION 'ALHQEIA$. 'ENTAUQOI KAQEZONTAI
DIKASTAI 'ANAKRINONTE$ TWN 'AFIKNOUMENWN "EKASTON,
TI=NA BION BEBIWKE0 KAI TI=SIN 'EPITHDEUMASIN 'ENWIKISQH TW*I
SWMATI. YEUSASQAI MEN-'OUN 'AMHCANON. "OSOI$ MEN-'OUN 'EN
TW*I ZHN DAIMWN 'AGAQO$ 'EPEPNEUSEN, 'EI$ TON TWN 'EUSEBWN
CWRON 'OIKIZONTAI, 'ENQA 'AFQONOI MEN "WRAI PAGKARPOU GONH$
BRUOUSIN0, PHGAI DE "UDATWN KAQARWN "REOUSIN0, PANTOIOI DE LEIMWNE$
'ANQESI POIKILOI$ 'EARIZOMENOI, DIATRIBAI DE FILOSOFWN
<P 371D>
KAI QEATRA POIHTWN KAI KUKLIOI COROI KAI MOUSIKA 'AKOUSMATA,
SUMPOSIA TE 'EUMELH KAI 'EILAPINAI 'AUTOCORHGHTOI,
KAI 'AKHRATO$ 'ALUPIA KAI "HDEIA DIAITA; 'OUTE-GAR CEIMA
SFODRON 'OUTE QALPO$ 'EGGIGNETAI, 'ALL' 'EUKRATO$ 'AHR CEITAI
"APALAI$ "HLIOU 'AKTISIN 'ANAKIRNAMENO$. 'ENTAUQA TOI$ MEMUHMENOI$
'ESTIN TI$ PROEDRIA; KAI TA$ "OSIOU$ "AGISTEIA$ 'KAKEISE
SUNTELOUSIN0. PW*$ 'OUN 'OU SOI4 PRWTWI METESTI TH$ TIMH$,
<P 371E>
'ONTI GENNHTHI TWN QEWN: KAI TOU$ PERI= "HRAKLEA TE-KAI DIONUSON
KATIONTA$ 'EI$ "AIDOU PROTERON LOGO$ 'ENQADE MUHQHNAI,
KAI TO QARSO$ TH$ 'EKEISE POREIA$ PARA TH$ 'ELEUSINIA$
'ENAUSASQAI. "OSOI$ DE TO ZHN DIA= KAKOURGHMATWN 'HLAQH,
'AGONTAI PRO$ 'ERINUWN 'EP' 'EREBO$ KAI CAO$ DIA= TARTAROU,
'ENQA CWRO$ 'ASEBWN KAI DANAIDWN "UDREIAI 'ATELEI$ KAI TANTALOU
DIYO$ KAI TITUOU SPLAGCNA 'AIWNIW$ 'ESQIOMENA KAI
GENNWMENA KAI SISUFOU PETRO$ 'ANHNUTO$, "OU42 TA TERMATA 'AUQI$


<P 372A>
'ARCEI0 PONWN. 'ENQA QHRSIN PERILICMWMENOI KAI LAMPASIN
'EPIMONW$ PUROUMENOI POINWN KAI PASAN 'AIKIAN 'AIKIZOMENOI
'AIDIOI$ TIMWRIAI$ TRUCONTAI. TAUTA MEN 'EGW 'HKOUSA PARA
GWBRUOU, SU D' 'AN4 'EPIKRINEIA$, 'AXIOCE. 'EGW GAR LOGWI
'ANQELKOMENO$ TOUTO MONON 'EMPEDW$ 'OIDA, "OTI4 YUCH "APASA
'AQANATO$, "H DE 'EK TOUDE TOU* CWRIOU METASTAQEISA KAI
'ALUPO$. "WSTE 'H= KATW 'H= 'ANW 'EUDAIMONEIN SE DEI, 'AXIOCE,
BEBIWKOTA 'EUSEBW$.
AX ^ 'AISCUNOMAI SOI4 TI 'EIPEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$; TOSOUTON
GAR 'APODEW0 TOU* DEDOIKENAI TON QANATON, "WSTE 'HDH KAI 'ERWTA
'AUTOU4 'ECEIN. "OUTW$ ME KAI "OUTO$ "O LOGO$, "W$ KAI "O 'OURANIO$,
PEPEIKE0, KAI 'HDH PERIFRONW0 TOU* ZHN, "ATE 'EI$ 'AMEINW 'OIKON
METASTHSOMENO$. NUNI DE 'HREMA KAT' 'EMAUTON 'ANARIQMHSOMAI
TA LECQENTA. 'EK MESHMBRIA$ DE PARESHI2 MOI, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ POIHSW2 "W$ LEGEI$, 'KAGW DE 'EPANEIMI 'E$ KUNOSARGE$,
'E$ PERIPATON, "OPOQEN DEURO METEKLHQHN.


<B KLEIT>


<P 406A>
SW ^ KLEITOFWNTA TON 'ARISTWNUMOU TI$ "HMIN DIHGEITO
'ENAGCO$, "OTI4 LUSIA\ DIALEGOMENO$ TA$ MEN META SWKRATOU$
DIATRIBA$ YEGOI, THN QRASUMACOU DE SUNOUSIAN
"UPEREPAINOI.
KLEI ^ "OSTI$, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUK 'ORQW$ 'APEMNHMONEUE SOI4
TOU$ 'EMOI4 PERI= SOU4 GENOMENOU$ LOGOU$ PRO$ LUSIAN; TA MEN-GAR
'EGWGE 'OUK 'EPHINOUN SE, TA DE-KAI 'EPHINOUN. 'EPEI DE
DHLO$ 'EI* MEMFOMENO$ MEN MOI, PROSPOIOUMENO$ DE MHDEN
FRONTIZEIN, "HDIST' 'AN4 SOI4 DIEXELQOIMI 'AUTOU$ 'AUTO$, 'EPEIDH
KAI MONW TUGCANOMEN 'ONTE, "INA "HTTON ME "HGHI3 PRO$ SE FAULW$
'ECEIN. NU*N GAR 'ISW$ 'OUK 'ORQW$ 'AKHKOA$, "WSTE FAINHI0 PRO$
'EME 'ECEIN TRACUTERW$ TOU* DEONTO$; 'EI DE MOI DIDW$ PARRHSIAN,
"HDISTA 'AN4 DEXAIMHN KAI 'EQELW0 LEGEIN.


<P 407A>
SW ^ 'ALL' 'AISCRON MHN SOU4 GE 'WFELEIN ME PROQUMOUMENOU
MH "UPOMENEIN0; DHLON GAR "W$ GNOU$ "OPHI CEIRWN 'EIMI
KAI BELTIWN, TA MEN 'ASKHSW2 KAI DIWXOMAI, TA DE FEUXOMAI
KATA KRATO$.
KLEI ^ 'AKOUOI$ 'AN4. 'EGW GAR, 'W* SWKRATE$, SOI4 SUGGIGNOMENO$
POLLAKI$ 'EXEPLHTTOMHN 'AKOUWN, KAI MOI 'EDOKEI$ PARA
TOU$ 'ALLOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ KALLISTA LEGEIN, "OPOTE 'EPITIMWN
TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$, "WSPER 'EPI MHCANH$ TRAGIKH$ QEO$, "UMNEI$
<P 407B>
LEGWN; POI* FERESQE0, 'WNQRWPOI: KAI 'AGNOEITE0 'OUDEN TWN
DEONTWN0 PRATTONTE$, "OITINE$ CRHMATWN MEN PE=RI THN PASAN
SPOUDHN 'ECETE0 "OPW$ "UMIN 'ESTAI, TWN D' "UEWN "OI$ TAUTA
PARADWSETE4 "OPW$ 'EPISTHSONTAI CRHSQAI DIKAIW$ TOUTOI$,
'OUTE DIDASKALOU$ 'AUTOI$ "EURISKETE0 TH$ DIKAIOSUNH$, 'EIPER
MAQHTON % 'EI DE MELETHTON TE-KAI 'ASKHTON, "OITINE$ 'EXASKHSOUSIN2
KAI 'EKMELETHSOUSIN2 "IKANW$ % 'OUDE-G' 'ETI PROTERON
"UMA$-'AUTOU$ "OUTW$ 'EQERAPEUSATE. 'ALL' "ORWNTE$ GRAMMATA
<P 407C>
KAI MOUSIKHN KAI GUMNASTIKHN "UMA$ TE 'AUTOU$ KAI TOU$
PAIDA$ "UMWN "IKANW$ MEMAQHKOTA$ % "A DH PAIDEIAN 'ARETH$
'EINAI TELEAN "HGEISQE0 % 'KAPEITA 'OUDEN "HTTON KAKOU$ GIGNOMENOU$
PERI= TA CRHMATA, PW*$ 'OU KATAFRONEITE0 TH$ NU*N
PAIDEUSEW$ 'OUDE ZHTEITE0 "OITINE$ "UMA$ PAUSOUSI2 TAUTH$ TH$
'AMOUSIA$: KAITOI DIA= GE TAUTHN THN PLHMMELEIAN KAI "RA\QUMIAN,
'ALL' 'OU DIA= THN 'EN TW*I PODI PRO$ THN LURAN 'AMETRIAN,
KAI 'ADELFO$ 'ADELFWI KAI POLEI$ POLESIN 'AMETRW$ KAI
<P 407D>
'ANARMOSTW$ PROSFEROMENAI STASIAZOUSI0 KAI POLEMOUNTE$ TA
'ESCATA DRWSIN0 KAI PASCOUSIN0. "UMEI$ DE FATE0 'OU DI' 'APAIDEUSIAN
'OUDE DI' 'AGNOIAN 'ALL' "EKONTA$ TOU$ 'ADIKOU$ 'ADIKOU$
'EINAI, PALIN D' 'AU TOLMATE0 LEGEIN "W$ 'AISCRON KAI QEOMISE$
"H 'ADIKIA; PW*$ 'OUN-DH TI$ TO GE TOIOUTON KAKON "EKWN "AIROIT'
'AN4: "HTTWN "O$4 'AN4 'HI, FATE0, TWN "HDONWN. 'OUKOU*N-KAI TOUTO
'AKOUSION, 'EIPER TO NIKAN "EKOUSION: "WSTE 'EK PANTO$ TROPOU
TO GE 'ADIKEIN 'AKOUSION "O LOGO$ "AIREI0, KAI DEIN 'EPIMELEIAN TH$
<P 407E>
NU*N PLEIW POIEISQAI PANT' 'ANDRA 'IDIA\ Q' "AMA KAI DHMOSIA\
SUMPASA$ TA$ POLEI$.
TAUT' 'OUN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EGW "OTAN 'AKOUW3 SOU4 QAMA
LEGONTO$, KAI MALA 'AGAMAI KAI QAUMASTW$ "W$ 'EPAINW0.
KAI "OPOTAN 'AU FH*I$ TO 'EFEXH$ TOUTWI, TOU$ 'ASKOUNTA$ MEN
TA SWMATA, TH$ DE YUCH$ 'HMELHKOTA$ "ETERON TI PRATTEIN
TOIOUTON, TOU* MEN 'ARXONTO$ 'AMELEIN, PERI= DE TO 'ARXOMENON
'ESPOUDAKENAI. KAI "OTAN LEGHI$ "W$ "OTWI TI$ MH 'EPISTATAI
CRHSQAI, KREITTON 'EA*N THN TOUTOU CRHSIN; 'EI DH TI$ MH
'EPISTATAI 'OFQALMOI$ CRHSQAI MHDE 'WSI=N MHDE SUMPANTI TW*I
SWMATI, TOUTWI MHTE 'AKOUEIN MHQ' "ORAN MHT' 'ALLHN CREIAN
MHDEMIAN CRHSQAI TW*I SWMATI KREITTON 'H= "OPHIOUN CRHSQAI.


<P 408A>
KAI-DH-KAI PERI= TECNHN "WSAUTW$; "OSTI$ GAR-DH MH 'EPISTATAI
THI "EAUTOU LURA\ CRHSQAI, DHLON "W$ 'OUDE THI TOU* GEITONO$, 'OUDE
"OSTI$ MH THI TWN 'ALLWN, 'OUDE THI "EAUTOU, 'OUD' 'ALLWI TWN
'ORGANWN 'OUDE KTHMATWN 'OUDENI. KAI TELEUTA*I0 DH KALW$ "O
LOGO$ "OUTO$ SOI4, "W$ "OSTI$ YUCHI MH 'EPISTATAI CRHSQAI,
TOUTWI TO 'AGEIN "HSUCIAN THI YUCHI KAI MH ZHN KREITTON 'H= ZHN
PRATTONTI KAQ' "AUTON; 'EI DE TI$ 'ANAGKH ZHN 'EIH, DOULWI 'AMEINON
<P 408B>
'H= 'ELEUQERWI DIAGEIN TW*I TOIOUTWI TON BION 'ESTIN 'A=RA, KAQAPER
PLOIOU PARADONTI TA PHDALIA TH$ DIANOIA$ 'ALLWI TW*I MAQONTI
THN TWN 'ANQRWPWN KUBERNHTIKHN, "HN DH SU POLITIKHN, 'W*
SWKRATE$, 'EPONOMAZEI$ POLLAKI$, THN 'AUTHN DH TAUTHN DIKASTIKHN
TE-KAI DIKAIOSUNHN "W$ 'ESTIN LEGWN. TOUTOI$ DH TOI$
LOGOI$ KAI "ETEROI$ TOIOUTOI$ PAMPOLLOI$ KAI PAGKALW$ LEGOMENOI$,
"W$ DIDAKTON 'ARETH KAI PANTWN "EAUTOU DEI MALISTA
<P 408C>
'EPIMELEISQAI, SCEDON 'OUT' 'ANTEIPON PWPOTE 'OUT' 'OIMAI MHPOTE
"USTERON 'ANTEIPW4, PROTREPTIKWTATOU$ TE "HGOUMAI KAI
'WFELIMWTATOU$, KAI 'ATECNW$ "WSPER KAQEUDONTA$ 'EPEGEIREIN
"HMA$. PROSEICON DH TON NOUN TO META TAUTA "W$ 'AKOUSOMENO$,
'EPANERWTWN 'OUTI SE TO PRWTON, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALLA= TWN
"HLIKIWTWN TE-KAI SUNEPIQUMHTWN 'H= "ETAIRWN SWN, 'H= "OPW$ DEI
PRO$ SE PERI= 'AUTWN TO TOIOUTON 'ONOMAZEIN. TOUTWN GAR
TOU$ TI MALISTA 'EINAI DOXAZOMENOU$ "UPO SOU4 PRWTOU$
'EPANHRWTWN, PUNQANOMENO$ TI=$ "O META TAUT' 'EIH LOGO$, KAI
<P 408D>
KATA SE TROPON TINA "UPOTEINWN 'AUTOI$, 'W* BELTISTOI,
'EFHN, "UMEI$, PW*$ POTE NU*N 'APODECOMEQA THN SWKRATOU$
PROTROPHN "HMWN 'EP' 'ARETHN: "W$ 'ONTO$ MONOU TOUTOU,
'EPEXELQEIN DE 'OUK 'ENI TW*I PRAGMATI KAI LABEIN 'AUTO TELEW$,
'ALL' "HMIN PARA PANTA DH TON BION 'ERGON TOUT' 'ESTAI, TOU$
MHPW PROTETRAMMENOU$ PROTREPEIN, KAI 'EKEINOU$ 'AU "ETEROU$:
'H= DEI TON SWKRATH KAI 'ALLHLOU$ "HMA$ TO META TOUT' 'EPANERWTAN,
<P 408E>
"OMOLOGHSANTA$ TOUT' 'AUTO 'ANQRWPWI PRAKTEON 'EINAI, TI=
'TOUNTEUQEN: PW*$ 'ARCESQAI DEIN FAMEN DIKAIOSUNH$ PE=RI
MAQHSEW$: "WSPER 'AN4 'EI TI$ "HMA$ PROUTREPEN TOU* SWMATO$
'EPIMELEIAN POIEISQAI, MHDEN PRONOOUNTA$ "ORWN KAQAPER
PAIDA$ "W$ 'ESTIN TI$ GUMNASTIKH KAI 'IATRIKH, 'KAPEITA 'WNEIDIZEN,
LEGWN "W$ 'AISCRON PURWN MEN-KAI KRIQWN KAI 'AMPELWN
'EPIMELEIAN PASAN POIEISQAI, KAI "OSA TOU* SWMATO$ "ENEKA
DIAPONOUMEQA TE-KAI KTWMEQA0, TOUTOU D' 'AUTOU4 MHDEMIAN
TECNHN MHDE MHCANHN, "OPW$ "W$ BELTISTON 'ESTAI TO SWMA,
'EXEURISKEIN, KAI TAUTA 'OUSAN. 'EI D' 'EPANHROMEQA TON TAUQ'


<P 409A>
"HMA$ PROTREPONTA; LEGEI$ DE 'EINAI TI=NA$ TAUTA$ TA$ TECNA$:
'EI*PEN 'AN4 'ISW$ "OTI4 GUMNASTIKH KAI 'IATRIKH. KAI NU*N DH TI=NA
FAMEN 'EINAI THN 'EPI THI TH$ YUCH$ 'ARETHI TECNHN: LEGESQW.
"O DH DOKWN 'AUTWN 'ERRWMENESTATO$ 'EINAI PRO$ TAUTA 'APOKRINOMENO$
'EI*PEN MOI TAUTHN THN TECNHN 'EINAI "HNPER 'AKOUEI$
SU LEGONTO$, 'EFH, SWKRATOU$, 'OUK 'ALLHN 'H= DIKAIOSUNHN.
'EIPONTO$ D' 'EMOU4 MH MOI TO 'ONOMA MONON 'EIPHI$ 'ALLA= "WDE.
<P 409B>
'IATRIKH POU TI$ LEGETAI TECNH; TAUTH$ D' 'ESTIN DITTA TA
'APOTELOUMENA0, TO MEN 'IATROU$ 'AEI PRO$ TOI$ 'OUSIN "ETEROU$
'EXERGAZESQAI, TO DE "UGIEIAN; 'ESTIN DE TOUTWN QATERON 'OUKETI
TECNH, TH$ TECNH$ DE TH$ DIDASKOUSH$ TE-KAI DIDASKOMENH$
'ERGON, "O= DH LEGOMEN "UGIEIAN. KAI TEKTONIKH$ DE KATA 'TAUTA
'OIKIA TE-KAI TEKTONIKH TO MEN 'ERGON, TO DE DIDAGMA. TH$ DH
DIKAIOSUNH$ "WSAUTW$ TO MEN DIKAIOU$ 'ESTW POIEIN, KAQAPER
'EKEI TOU$ TECNITA$ "EKASTOU$; TO D' "ETERON, "O= DUNATAI POIEIN
<P 409C>
"HMIN 'ERGON "O DIKAIO$, TI= TOUTO FAMEN: 'EIPE=. "OUTO$ MEN, "W$
'OIMAI, TO SUMFERON 'APEKRINATO, 'ALLO$ DE TO DEON, "ETERO$ DE
TO 'WFELIMON, "O DE TO LUSITELOUN. 'EPANHIEIN DH 'EGW LEGWN
"OTI4 'KAKEI TA GE 'ONOMATA TAUT' 'ESTIN 'EN "EKASTHI TWN TECNWN,
'ORQW$ PRATTEIN, LUSITELOUNTA, 'WFELIMA KAI 'TALLA TA TOIAUTA;
'ALLA= PRO$ "OTI2 TAUTA PANTA TEINEI0, 'EREI2 TO 'IDION "EKASTH "H
TECNH, "OION "H TEKTONIKH TO 'EU, TO KALW$, TO DEONTW$, "WSTE
<P 409D>
TA XULINA, FHSEI2, SKEUH GIGNESQAI, "A DH 'OUK 'ESTIN TECNH.
LEGESQW DH-KAI TO TH$ DIKAIOSUNH$ "WSAUTW$. TELEUTWN
'APEKRINATO TI$, 'W* SWKRATE$, MOI TWN SWN "ETAIRWN, "O$4 DH
KOMYOTATA 'EDOXEN 'EIPEIN, "OTI4 TOUT' 'EIH TO TH$ DIKAIOSUNH$
'IDION 'ERGON, "O= TWN 'ALLWN 'OUDEMIA$, FILIAN 'EN TAI$ POLESIN
POIEIN. "OUTO$ D' 'AU 'ERWTWMENO$ THN FILIAN 'AGAQON T' 'EFH
'EINAI KAI 'OUDEPOTE KAKON, TA$ DE TWN PAIDWN FILIA$ KAI
TA$ TWN QHRIWN, "A$ "HMEI$ TOUTO 'TOUNOMA 'EPONOMAZOMEN, 'OUK
'APEDECETO 'EINAI FILIA$ 'EPANERWTWMENO$; SUNEBAINE GAR 'AUTWI
<P 409E>
TA PLEIW TA$ TOIAUTA$ BLABERA$ 'H= 'AGAQA$ 'EINAI. FEUGWN
DH TO TOIOUTON 'OUDE FILIA$ 'EFH TA$ TOIAUTA$ 'EINAI, YEUDW$
DE 'ONOMAZEIN 'AUTA$ TOU$ "OUTW$ 'ONOMAZONTA$; THN DE 'ONTW$
KAI 'ALHQW$ FILIAN 'EINAI SAFESTATA "OMONOIAN. THN DE
"OMONOIAN 'ERWTWMENO$ 'EI "OMODOXIAN 'EINAI LEGOI 'H= 'EPISTHMHN,
THN MEN "OMODOXIAN 'HTIMAZEN; 'HNAGKAZONTO GAR POLLAI KAI
BLABERAI GIGNESQAI "OMODOXIAI 'ANQRWPWN, THN DE FILIAN
'AGAQON "WMOLOGHKEI PANTW$ 'EINAI KAI DIKAIOSUNH$ 'ERGON,
"WSTE 'TAUTON 'EFHSEN 'EINAI "OMONOIAN KAI8 'EPISTHMHN 'OUSAN,
'ALL' 'OU DOXAN. "OTE DH 'ENTAUQA 'HMEN TOU* LOGOU 'APOROUNTE$,


<P 410A>
"OI PARONTE$ "IKANOI 'HSAN 'EPIPLHTTEIN TE 'AUTWI KAI LEGEIN "OTI4
PERIDEDRAMHKEN0 'EI$ 'TAUTON "O LOGO$ TOI$ PRWTOI$, KAI 'ELEGON
"OTI4 KAI "H 'IATRIKH "OMONOIA TI$ 'ESTI KAI "APASAI "AI TECNAI,
KAI PERI= "OTOU 'EISIN 'ECOUSI0 LEGEIN; THN DE "UPO SOU4 LEGOMENHN
DIKAIOSUNHN 'H= "OMONOIAN, "OPOI TEINOUSA 'ESTIN, DIAPEFEUGEN0,
KAI 'ADHLON 'AUTH$ "OTI2 POT' 'ESTIN TO 'ERGON.
TAUTA, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EGW TELEUTWN KAI SE 'AUTON 'HRWTWN,
KAI 'EIPE$ MOI DIKAIOSUNH$ 'EINAI TOU$ MEN 'ECQROU$ BLAPTEIN,
<P 410B>
TOU$ DE FILOU$ 'EU POIEIN. "USTERON DE 'EFANH BLAPTEIN
GE 'OUDEPOTE "O DIKAIO$ 'OUDENA; PANTA GAR 'EP' 'WFELIA\ PANTA$
DRAN. TAUTA DE 'OUC "APAX 'OUDE DI$ 'ALLA= POLUN DH
"UPOMEINA$ CRONON KAI8 LIPARWN 'APEIRHKA, NOMISA$ SE TO
MEN PROTREPEIN 'EI$ 'ARETH$ 'EPIMELEIAN KALLIST' 'ANQRWPWN
DRAN, DUOIN DE QATERON, 'H= TOSOUTON MONON DUNASQAI, MAKROTERON
DE 'OUDEN, "O= GENOIT' 'AN4 KAI PERI= 'ALLHN "HNTINAOUN
TECNHN, "OION MH 'ONTA KUBERNHTHN KATAMELETHSAI0 TON 'EPAINON
<P 410C>
PERI= 'AUTH$, "W$ POLLOU TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ 'AXI=A, KAI PERI= TWN
'ALLWN TECNWN "WSAUTW$; 'TAUTON DH-KAI SOI4 TI$ 'EPENEGKOI
TAC' 'AN4 PERI= DIKAIOSUNH$, "W$ 'OU MALLON 'ONTI DIKAIOSUNH$
'EPISTHMONI, DIOTI KALW$ 'AUTHN 'EGKWMIAZEI$. 'OU-MHN TO GE
'EMON "OUTW$ 'ECEI0; DUOIN DE QATERON, 'H= 'OUK 'EIDENAI SE 'H=
'OUK 'EQELEIN 'AUTH$ 'EMOI4 KOINWNEIN. DIA= TAUTA DH-KAI PRO$
QRASUMACON 'OIMAI POREUSOMAI KAI 'ALLOSE "OPOI DUNAMAI,
'APORWN; 'EPEI 'EI G' 'EQELEI$ SU TOUTWN MEN 'HDH PAUSASQAI
<P 410D>
PRO$ 'EME TWN LOGWN TWN PROTREPTIKWN, "OION DE, 'EI PERI=
GUMNASTIKH$ PROTETRAMMENO$-'H*2 TOU* SWMATO$ DEIN MH 'AMELEIN,
TO 'EFEXH$ 'AN4 TW*I PROTREPTIKWI LOGWI 'ELEGE$ "OION TO SWMA
MOU FUSEI 'ON "OIA$ QERAPEIA$ DEITAI, KAI NU*N DH 'TAUTON
GIGNESQW. QE$ TON KLEITOFWNTA "OMOLOGOUNTA "W$ 'ESTIN KATAGELASTON
TWN MEN 'ALLWN 'EPIMELEIAN POIEISQAI, YUCH$ DE,
<P 410E>
"H$ "ENEKA 'TALLA DIAPONOUMEQA, TAUTH$ 'HMELHKENAI; KAI 'TALLA
PANTA 'OIOU ME NU*N "OUTW$ 'EIRHKENAI TA TOUTOI$ "EXH$, "A KAI
NUNDH DIHLQON. KAI SOU4 DEOMENO$ LEGW0 MHDAMW$ 'ALLW$ POIEIN,
"INA MH, KAQAPER NU*N, TA MEN 'EPAINW3 SE PRO$ LUSIAN KAI PRO$
TOU$ 'ALLOU$, TA DE TI KAI YEGW3. MH-MEN-GAR PROTETRAMMENWI
SE 'ANQRWPWI, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'AXION 'EINAI TOU* PANTO$ FHSW2,
PROTETRAMMENWI DE SCEDON KAI 'EMPODION TOU* PRO$ TELO$ 'ARETH$
'ELQONTA 'EUDAIMONA GENESQAI.


<B OROI>


<P 411A>
'AIDION11 TO KATA PANTA CRONON KAI PROTERON 'ON KAI NU*N MH
'EFQARMENON.
QEO$11 ZWION 'AQANATON, 'AUTARKE$ PRO$ 'EUDAIMONIAN; 'OUSIA
'AIDIO$, TH$ 'TAGAQOU FUSEW$ 'AITIA.
GENESI$11 KINHSI$ 'EI$ 'OUSIAN; METALHYI$ 'OUSIA$; POREUSI$
'EI$ TO 'EINAI.
"HLIO$11 PUR 'OURANION; "O= MONON 'AP' 'HOU$ MECRI DEILH$ TOI$
<P 411B>
'AUTOI$ 'ESTIN2 "ORAQHNAI 'ASTRON "HMEROFANE$; ZWION 'AIDION
'EMYUCON TO MEGISTON.
CRONO$11 "HLIOU KINHSI$, METRON FORA$.
"HMERA11 "HLIOU POREIA 'AP' 'ANATOLWN 'EPI DUSMA$; FW$
'TOUNANTION NUKTI.
"EW$11 "HMERA$ 'ARCH; TO PRWTON FW$ 'APO TOU* "HLIOU.
MESHMBRIA11 CRONO$ 'EN "WI TWN SWMATWN "AI SKIAI 'ELACISTOU
MHKOU$ KOINWNOUSIN0.
DEILH11 "HMERA$ TELEUTH.
NUX11 SKOTO$ 'TOUNANTION "HMERA\; "HLIOU STERHSI$.
TUCH11 FORA 'EX 'ADHLOU 'EI$ 'ADHLON, KAI "H 'EK TOU* 'AUTOMATOU
'AITIA DAIMONIA$ PRAXEW$.
<P 411C>
GHRA$11 FQISI$ 'EMYUCOU "UPO CRONOU GIGNOMENH.
PNEUMA11 KINHSI$ 'AERO$ PERI= THN GHN.
'AHR11 STOICEION "OU2 PASAI "AI KATA TOPON KINHSEI$ KATA
FUSIN 'EISIN.
'OURANO$11 SWMA PERIECON PANTA TA 'AISQHTA PLHN 'AUTOU4 TOU*
'ANWTATOU 'AERO$.
YUCH11 TO "AUTO KINOUN; 'AITIA KINHSEW$ ZWTIKH$ ZWIWN.
DUNAMI$11 TO KAQ' "AUTO POIHTIKON.
'OYI$11 "EXI$ DIAKRITIKH SWMATWN.
'OSTOUN11 MUELO$ "UPO QERMOU PAGEI$.
STOICEION11 TO SUNAGON KAI DIALUON TA SUNQETA.
<P 411D>
'ARETH11 DIAQESI$ "H BELTISTH; "EXI$ QNHTOU ZWIOU KAQ' "AUTHN
'EPAINETH; "EXI$ KAQ' "HN TO 'ECON 'AGAQON LEGETAI; KOINWNIA
NOMWN DIKAI=A; DIAQESI$, KAQ' "HN TO 'ECON DIAKEIMENON TELEIW$
SPOUDAION LEGETAI; "EXI$ POIHTIKH 'EUNOMIA$.
FRONHSI$11 DUNAMI$ POIHTIKH KAQ' "AUTHN TH$ 'ANQRWPOU
'EUDAIMONIA$; 'EPISTHMH 'AGAQWN KAI KAKWN; DIAQESI$ KAQ' "HN
KRINOMEN TI= PRAKTEON KAI TI= 'OU PRAKTEON.
DIKAIOSUNH11 "OMONOIA TH$ YUCH$ PRO$ "AUTHN, KAI 'EUTAXIA
<P 411E>
TWN TH$ YUCH$ MERWN PRO$ 'ALLHLA TE-KAI PERI= 'ALLHLA;
"EXI$ DIANEMHTIKH TOU* KAT' 'AXIAN "EKASTWI; "EXI$ KAQ' "HN "O
'ECWN PROAIRETIKO$ 'ESTIN TWN FAINOMENWN 'AUTWI DIKAIWN; "EXI$
'EN BIWI NOMOU "UPHKOO$; 'ISOTH$ KOINWNIKH; "EXI$ "UPHRETIKH
NOMWN.
SWFROSUNH11 METRIOTH$ TH$ YUCH$ PERI= TA$ 'EN 'AUTHI KATA
FUSIN GIGNOMENA$ 'EPIQUMIA$ TE-KAI "HDONA$; 'EUARMOSTIA KAI
'EUTAXIA YUCH$ PRO$ TA$ KATA FUSIN "HDONA$ KAI LUPA$;
SUMFWNIA YUCH$ PRO$ TO 'ARCEIN KAI 'ARCESQAI; 'AUTOPRAGIA
KATA FUSIN; 'EUTAXIA YUCH$; LOGISTIKH "OMILIA YUCH$ PERI=


<P 412A>
KALWN KAI 'AISCRWN; "EXI$ KAQ' "HN "O 'ECWN "AIRETIKO$ 'ESTI KAI
'EULABHTIKO$ "WN CRH.
'ANDREIA11 "EXI$ YUCH$ 'AKINHTO$ "UPO FOBOU; QARSO$ POLEMIKON;
'EPISTHMH TWN KATA POLEMON PRAGMATWN; 'EGKRATEIA
YUCH$ PRO$ TA FOBERA KAI DEINA; TOLMA "UPHRETIKH FRONHSEW$;
'EUQARSIA 'EPI QANATOU PROSDOKIA\; "EXI$ DIAFULAKTIKH
LOGISMWN 'ORQWN 'EN KINDUNOI$; "RWMH PRO$ KINDUNON 'ANTIRROPO$;
"RWMH KARTERIKH PRO$ 'ARETHN; 'HREMIA YUCH$ PERI= TA DEINA
KAI QARSALEA KATA TON 'ORQON LOGON FAINOMENA; SWTHRIA
<P 412B>
DOGMATWN 'ADHLWN PERI= TA DEINA KAI 'EMPEIRIA POLEMOU; "EXI$
'EMMENHTIKH NOMOU.
'EGKRATEIA11 DUNAMI$ "UPOMENHTIKH LUPH$; 'AKOLOUQHSI$ TW*I
'ORQWI LOGISMWI; DUNAMI$ 'ANUPERBLHTO$ TOU* "UPOLHFQENTO$
'ORQWI LOGISMWI.
'AUTARKEIA11 TELEIOTH$ KTHSEW$ 'AGAQWN; "EXI$ KAQ' "HN "OI
'ECONTE$ 'AUTOI "AUTWN 'ARCOUSIN0.
'EPIEIKEIA11 DIKAIWN KAI SUMFERONTWN0 'ELATTWSI$; METRIOTH$
'EN SUMBOLAIOI$; 'EUTAXIA YUCH$ LOGISTIKH$ PRO$ TA KALA
KAI 'AISCRA.
<P 412C>
KARTERIA11 "UPOMONH LUPH$ "ENEKA TOU* KALOU; "UPOMONH PONWN
"ENEKA TOU* KALOU.
QARSO$11 'APROSDOKIA KAKOU; 'ANEKPLHXIA DIA= KAKOU
PAROUSIAN.
'ALUPIA11 "EXI$ KAQ' "HN 'ANEMPTWTOI 'ESMEN 'EI$ LUPA$.
FILOPONIA11 "EXI$ 'APOTELESTIKH "OU2 'AN4 PROELHTAI; KARTERIA
"EKOUSIO$; "EXI$ 'ADIABLHTO$ PRO$ PONON.
'AIDW$11 TOLMHSEW$ "UPOCWRHSI$ "EKOUSI=A DIKAIW$ KAI PRO$ TO
BELTISTON FANEN; KATALABH "EKOUSI=A TOU* BELTISTOU; 'EULABEIA
'ORQOU YOGOU.
<P 412D>
'ELEUQERIA11 "HGEMONIA BIOU; 'AUTOKRATEIA 'EPI PANTI; 'EXOUSIA
TOU* KAQ' "EAUTON 'EN BIWI; 'AFEIDIA 'EN CRHSEI KAI 'EN KTHSEI
'OUSIA$.
'ELEUQERIOTH$11 "EXI$ PRO$ TO CRHMATIZESQAI "W$ DEI; PROSQESI$
KAI KTHSI$ 'OUSIA$ "W$ CRH.
PRA\OTH$11 KATASTASI$ KINHSEW$ TH$ "UP' 'ORGH$; KRASI$
YUCH$ SUMMETRO$.
KOSMIOTH$11 "UPEIXI$ "EKOUSI=A PRO$ TO FANEN BELTISTON;
'EUTAXIA PERI= KINHSIN SWMATO$.
'EUDAIMONIA11 'AGAQON 'EK PANTWN 'AGAQWN SUGKEIMENON; DUNAMI$
'AUTARKH$ PRO$ TO 'EU ZHN; TELEIOTH$ KAT' 'ARETHN;
<P 412E>
'WFELIA 'AUTARKH$ ZWIOU.
MEGALOPREPEIA11 'AXIWSI$ KATA LOGISMON 'ORQON TON
SEMNOTATON.
'AGCINOIA11 'EUFUIA YUCH$, KAQ' "HN "O 'ECWN STOCASTIKO$
'ESTIN "EKASTWI TOU* DEONTO$; 'OXUTH$ NOU.
CRHSTOTH$11 'HQOU$ 'APLASTIA MET' 'EULOGISTIA$; 'HQOU$
SPOUDAIOTH$.
KALOKAGAQIA11 "EXI$ PROAIRETIKH TWN BELTISTWN.
MEGALOYUCIA11 CRHSI$ TOI$ SUMBAINOUSIN4 'ASTEI=A; MEGALOPREPEIA
YUCH$ META LOGOU.
FILANQRWPIA11 "EXI$ 'EUAGWGO$ 'HQOU$ PRO$ 'ANQRWPOU FILIAN;
"EXI$ 'EUERGETIKH 'ANQRWPWN; CARITO$ SCESI$; MNHMH MET'
'EUERGESIA$.
'EUSEBEIA11 DIKAIOSUNH PERI= QEOU$; DUNAMI$ QERAPEUTIKH


<P 413A>
QEWN "EKOUSIO$; PERI= QEWN TIMH$ "UPOLHYI$ 'ORQH; 'EPISTHMH
TH$ PERI= QEWN TIMH$.
'AGAQON11 TO "AUTOU "ENEKEN.
'AFOBIA11 "EXI$ KAQ' "HN 'ANEMPTWTOI 'ESMEN 'EI$ FOBOU$.
'APAQEIA11 "EXI$ KAQ' "HN 'ANEMPTWTOI 'ESMEN 'EI$ PAQH.
'EIRHNH11 "HSUCIA 'EP' 'E=CQRA$ POLEMIKA$.
"RA\QUMIA11 "RA\STWNH YUCH$; 'APAQEIA TOU* QUMOEIDOU$.
DEINOTH$11 DIAQESI$ KAQ' "HN "O 'ECWN STOCASTIKO$ 'ESTIN TOU*
'IDIOU TELOU$.
FILIA11 "OMONOIA "UPER KALWN KAI DIKAIWN; PROAIRESI$ BIOU
TOU* 'AUTOU4; "OMODOXIA PERI= PROAIRESEW$ KAI PRAXEW$; "OMONOIA
<P 413B>
PERI= BION; KOINWNIA MET' 'EUNOIA$; KOINWNIA TOU* 'EU POIHSAI0
KAI PAQEIN.
'EUGENEIA11 'ARETH 'EUGENOU$ 'HQOU$; 'EUAGWGIA YUCH$ PRO$
LOGOU$ 'H= PRAXEI$.
"AIRESI$11 DOKIMASIA 'ORQH.
'EUNOIA11 "AIRESI$8 'ANQRWPOU PRO$ 'ANQRWPON 'ASPASMO$.
'OIKEIOTH$11 'TAUTOU GENOU$ KOINWNIA.
"OMONOIA11 KOINWNIA TWN 'ONTWN0 "APANTWN; SUMFWNIA NOHMATWN
KAI "UPOLHMMATWN.
'AGAPHSI$11 'APODEXI$ PANTELH$.
POLITIKH11 'EPISTHMH KALWN KAI SUMFERONTWN0; 'EPISTHMH
POIHTIKH DIKAIOSUNH$ 'EN POLEI.
<P 413C>
"ETAIRIA11 FILIA KATA SUNHQEIAN 'EN TOI$ KAQ' "HLIKIAN
GEGENHMENOI$.
'EUBOULIA11 'ARETH LOGISMOU SUMFUTO$.
PISTI$11 "UPOLHYI$ 'ORQH TOU* "OUTW$ 'ECEIN "W$ 'AUTWI FAINETAI;
BEBAIOTH$ 'HQOU$.
'ALHQEIA11 "EXI$ 'EN KATAFASEI KAI 'APOFASEI; 'EPISTHMH
'ALHQWN.
BOULHSI$11 'EFESI$ META LOGOU 'ORQOU; 'OREXI$ 'EULOGO$; 'OREXI$
META LOGOU KATA FUSIN.
SUMBOULEUSI$11 PARAINESI$ "ETERWI "UPER PRAXEW$, TI=NA DEI
TROPON PRATTEIN.
'EUKAIRIA11 CRONOU 'EPITEUXI$, 'EN "WI CRH PAQEIN TI 'H= POIHSAI0.
<P 413D>
'EULABEIA11 FULAKH KAKOU; 'EPIMELEIA FULAKH$.
TAXI$11 'ERGASIA$ "OMOIOTH$ TWN PRO$ 'ALLHLA PANTWN 'ONTWN0;
SUMMETRIA KOINWNIA$; 'AITIA TWN PRO$ 'ALLHLA PANTWN 'ONTWN0
SUMMETRIA$ PRO$8 TO8 MAQEIN8.
PROSEXI$11 SUNTONIA YUCH$ PRO$ TO KATAMAQEIN.
'EUFUIA11 TACO$ MAQHSEW$; GENNHSI$ FUTWN 'AGAQH; 'ARETH
'EN FUSEI.
'EUMAQEIA11 'EUFUIA YUCH$ PRO$ TACO$ MAQHSEW$.
NOMO$11 'APOFASI$ KURI=A PERI= 'AMFISBHTOUMENOU PRAGMATO$.
DIKH11 'AMFISBHTHSI$ PERI= TOU* 'ADIKEIN 'H= MH.
<P 413E>
'EUNOMIA11 PEIQARCIA NOMWN SPOUDAIWN.
'EUFROSUNH11 'EPI TOI$ TOU* SWFRONO$ 'ERGOI$ CARA.
TIMH11 DOSI$ 'AGAQWN 'EN TAI$ DI' 'ARETHN PRAXESIN DIDOMENWN;
'AXIWMA 'AP' 'ARETH$; SCHMA SEMNOTHTO$; THRHSI$ 'AXIWMATO$.
PROQUMIA11 'EMFANISMO$ PROAIRESEW$ PRAKTIKH$.
CARI$11 'EUERGESIA "EKOUSIO$; 'APODOSI$ 'AGAQOU "UPOURGIA$ 'EN
KAIRWI.
"OMONOIA11 "OMODOXIA 'ARCONTWN0 KAI 'ARCOMENWN "W$ DEI 'ARCEIN
KAI 'ARCESQAI.
POLITEIA11 KOINWNIA PLHQOU$ 'ANQRWPWN 'AUTARKH$ PRO$
'EUDAIMONIAN; KOINWNIA PLHQOU$ 'ENNOMO$.


<P 414A>
PRONOIA11 PARASKEUH PRO$ MELLONTA TINA.
BOULH11 SKEYI$ PERI= TWN MELLONTWN0 PW*$ SUMFEREI0.
NIKH11 DUNAMI$ KRATHTIKH PERI= 'AGWNIAN.
'EUPORIA11 'EUKRINEIA KRATHTIKH TOU* LEGOMENOU.
DWREA11 'ALLAGH CARITO$.
KAIRO$11 CRONOU 'AKMH PRO$ TO SUMFERON; CRONO$ 'AGAQOU
TINO$ SUNERGO$.
MNHMH11 DIAQESI$ YUCH$ FULAKTIKH TH$ 'EN 'AUTHI "UPARCOUSH$
'ALHQEIA$.
'ENNOIA11 SUNTONIA DIANOIA$.
NOHSI$11 'ARCH 'EPISTHMH$.
"AGNEIA11 'EULABEIA TWN PRO$ TOU$ QEOU$ "AMARTHMATWN; TH$
<P 414B>
QEOU TIMH$ KATA FUSIN QERAPEIA.
MANTEIA11 'EPISTHMH PRODHLWTIKH PRAXEW$ 'ANEU 'APODEIXEW$.
MANTIKH11 'EPISTHMH QEWRHTIKH TOU* 'ONTO$ KAI MELLONTO$
ZWIWI QNHTWI.
SOFIA11 'EPISTHMH 'ANUPOQETO$; 'EPISTHMH TWN 'AEI 'ONTWN0;
'EPISTHMH QEWRHTIKH TH$ TWN 'ONTWN0 'AITIA$.
FILOSOFIA11 TH$ TWN 'ONTWN0 'AEI 'EPISTHMH$ 'OREXI$; "EXI$
QEWRHTIKH TOU* 'ALHQOU$, PW*$ 'ALHQE$; 'EPIMELEIA YUCH$ META
LOGOU 'ORQOU.
'EPISTHMH11 "UPOLHYI$ YUCH$ 'AMETAPTWTO$ "UPO LOGOU;
<P 414C>
DUNAMI$ "UPOLHPTIKH TINO$ 'H= TINWN 'AMETAPTWTO$ "UPO LOGOU;
LOGO$ 'ALHQH$ 'EPI DIANOIA\ 'AMETAPTWTO$.
DOXA11 "UPOLHYI$ METAPEISTO$ "UPO LOGOU; LOGISTIKH FORA;
DIANOIA 'EMPIPTOUSA 'EI$ YEUDO$ KAI 'ALHQE$ "UPO LOGOU.
'AISQHSI$11 YUCH$ FORA; NOU KINHSI$; YUCH$ DIA= SWMATO$
'EISAGGELSI$ 'EI$ "WRA$ 'ANQRWPWN, 'AF' "H$ GIGNETAI YUCH$
'ALOGO$ DUNAMI$ GNWRISTIKH DIA= SWMATO$.
"EXI$11 DIAQESI$ YUCH$ KAQ' "HN POIOI= TINE$ LEGOMEQA.
<P 414D>
FWNH11 "REUMA DIA= STOMATO$ 'APO DIANOIA$.
LOGO$11 FWNH 'EGGRAMMATO$, FRASTIKH "EKASTOU TWN 'ONTWN0;
DIALEKTO$ SUNQETH 'EX 'ONOMATWN KAI "RHMATWN 'ANEU MELOU$.
'ONOMA11 DIALEKTO$ 'ASUNQETO$ "ERMHNEUTIKH TOU* TE KATA
TH$ 'OUSIA$ KATHGOROUMENOU KAI PANTO$ TOU* MH KAQ' "EAUTOU
LEGOMENOU.
DIALEKTO$11 FWNH 'ANQRWPOU 'EGGRAMMATO$; KAI SHMEION TI
KOINON "ERMHNEUTIKON 'ANEU MELOU$.
SULLABH11 'ANQRWPINH$ FWNH$ 'ARQRON 'EGGRAMMATON.
"ORO$11 LOGO$ 'EK DIAFORA$ KAI GENOU$ SUGKEIMENO$.
<P 414E>
TEKMHRION11 'APODEIXI$ 'AFANOU$.
'APODEIXI$11 LOGO$ SULLOGISTIKO$ 'ALHQH$; LOGO$ 'EMFANISTIKO$
DIA= PROGIGNWSKOMENWN.
STOICEION11 FWNH$11 FWNH 'ASUNQETO$, 'AITIA TAI$ 'ALLAI$
FWNAI$ TOU* FWNA$ 'EINAI.
'WFELIMON11 TO 'AITION TOU* 'EU PASCEIN; TO 'AITION 'AGAQOU.
SUMFERON11 TO 'EI$ 'AGAQON FERON.
KALON811 TO8 'AGAQON8.
'AGAQON11 TO 'AITION SWTHRIA$ TOI$ 'OUSIN; TO 'AITION PANTO$
TOU* PRO$ "AUTO, 'AF' "OU2 SUMBAINEI0 "A CRH "AIREISQAI.
SWFRON11 TO KOSMION TH$ YUCH$.
DIKAION11 NOMOU TAGMA POIHTIKON DIKAIOSUNH$.


<P 415A>
"EKOUSION11 TO "AUTOU PROSAGWGON; TO KAQ' "AUTO "AIRETON
KATA DIANOIAN 'APOTELOUMENON0.
'ELEUQERON11 TO 'ARCON "AUTOU.
METRION11 TO MESON "UPERBOLH$ KAI 'ELLEIYEW$ KAI KATA
TECNHN 'ARKOUN.
METRON11 TO MESON "UPERBOLH$ KAI 'ELLEIYEW$.
'AQLON11 'ARETH$ GERA$ TO "EAUTOU "ENEKA "AIRETON.
'AQANASIA11 'OUSIA 'EMYUCO$ KAI 'AIDIO$ MONH.
"OSION11 QERAPEUMA QEOU 'ARESTON QEWI.
"EORTH11 CRONO$ "IERO$ KATA NOMOU$.
'ANQRWPO$11 ZWION 'APTERON, DIPOUN, PLATUWNUCON; "O= MONON
TWN 'ONTWN0 'EPISTHMH$ TH$ KATA LOGOU$ DEKTIKON 'ESTIN.
<P 415B>
QUSIA11 QEWI DOMA QUMATO$.
'EUCH11 'AITHSI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ 'AGAQWN 'H= DOKOUNTWN0 PARA QEWN.
BASILEU$11 'ARCWN KATA NOMOU$ 'ANUPEUQUNO$; POLITIKH$
KATASKEUH$ 'ARCWN.
'ARCH11 'EPIMELEIA TOU* PANTO$.
'EXOUSIA11 'EPITROPH NOMOU.
NOMOQETH$11 POIHTH$ NOMWN KAQ' "OU$ DEI POLITEUESQAI.
NOMO$11 DOGMA PLHQOU$ POLITIKON 'OUK 'EI$ TINA CRONON
'AFWRISMENON.
"UPOQESI$11 'ARCH 'ANAPODEIKTO$; SUGKEFALAIWSI$ LOGOU.
YHFISMA11 DOGMA POLITIKON 'EI$ TINA CRONON 'AFWRISMENON.
<P 415C>
POLITIKO$11 'EPISTHMWN POLEW$ KATASKEUH$.
POLI$11 'OIKHSI$ PLHQOU$ 'ANQRWPWN KOINOI$ DOGMASIN CRWMENWN;
PLHQO$ 'ANQRWPWN "UPO NOMON TON 'AUTON 'ONTWN0.
POLEW$11 'ARETH11 KATASTASI$ 'ORQH$ POLITEIA$.
POLEMIKH11 'EMPEIRIA POLEMOU.
SUMMACIA11 KOINWNIA POLEMOU.
SWTHRIA11 PERIPOIHSI$ 'ABLABH$.
TURANNO$11 'ARCWN POLEW$ KATA THN "EAUTOU DIANOIAN.
SOFISTH$11 NEWN PLOUSIWN 'ENDOXWN 'EMMISQO$ QHREUTH$.
<P 415D>
PLOUTO$11 KTHSI$ SUMMETRO$ PRO$ 'EUDAIMONIAN; PERIOUSIA
CRHMATWN 'EI$ 'EUDAIMONIAN SUNTEINONTWN0.
PARAKATAQHKH11 DOMA META PISTEW$.
KAQARSI$11 'APOKRISI$ CEIRONWN 'APO BELTIONWN.
NIKAN11 KRATEIN DIAFEROMENON.
'AGAQO$11 'ANQRWPO$ "O TOIOUTO$ "OIO$ 'ANQRWPWI 'TAGAQA
'EPITELEIN0.
SWFRWN11 "O METRIA$ 'EPIQUMIA$ 'ECWN.
'EGKRATH$11 "O KRATWN 'ANTITEINONTWN0 TWN TH$ YUCH$ MORIWN
TW*I 'ORQWI LOGISMWI.
SPOUDAIO$11 "O TELEIW$ 'AGAQO$; "O 'ECWN THN "AUTOU 'ARETHN.
<P 415E>
SUNNOIA11 DIANOIA META LUPH$ 'ANEU LOGOU.
DUSMAQIA11 BRADUTH$ 'EN MAQHSEI.
DESPOTEIA11 'ARCH 'ANUPEUQUNO$ DIKAI=A.
'AFILOSOFIA11 "EXI$ KAQ' "HN "O 'ECWN MISOLOGO$ 'ESTIN.
FOBO$11 'EKPLHXI$ YUCH$ 'EPI KAKOU PROSDOKIA\.
QUMO$11 "ORMH BIAIO$ 'ANEU LOGISMOU NOU$88 TAXEW$88 YUCH$
'ALOGISTOU.
'EKPLHXI$11 FOBO$ 'EPI PROSDOKIA\ KAKOU.
KOLAKEIA11 "OMILIA "H PRO$ "HDONHN 'ANEU TOU* BELTISTOU; "EXI$
"OMILHTIKH PRO$ "HDONHN "UPERBALLOUSA TO METRION.
'ORGH11 PARAKLHSI$ TOU* QUMIKOU 'EI$ TO TIMWREISQAI.
"UBRI$11 'ADIKIA PRO$ 'ATIMIAN FEROUSA.


<P 416A>
'AKRASIA11 "EXI$ BIASTIKH PARA TON 'ORQON LOGISMON PRO$ TA
DOKOUNTA "HDEA 'EINAI.
'OKNO$11 FUGH PONWN; DEILIA 'ANTILHPTIKH "ORMH$.
'ARCH11 PRWTH TOU* 'EINAI 'AITIA.
DIABOLH11 DIASTASI$ FILWN LOGWI.
KAIRO$11 'EN "WI "EKASTON 'EPITHDEION PAQEIN 'H= POIHSAI0.
'ADIKIA11 "EXI$ "UPEROPTIKH NOMWN.
'ENDEIA11 'ELATTWSI$ TWN 'AGAQWN.
'AISCUNH11 FOBO$ 'EPI PROSDOKIA\ 'ADOXIA$.
'ALAZONEIA11 "EXI$ PROSPOIHTIKH 'AGAQOU 'H= 'AGAQWN TWN MH
"UPARCONTWN0.
"AMARTIA11 PRAXI$ PARA TON 'ORQON LOGISMON.
FQONO$11 LUPH 'EPI FILWN 'AGAQOI$ 'H= 'OUSIN 'H= GEGENHMENOI$.
'ANAISCUNTIA11 "EXI$ YUCH$ "UPOMENHTIKH 'ADOXIA$ "ENEKA
KERDOU$.
QRASUTH$11 "UPERBOLH QRASOU$ PRO$ FOBOU$ "OU$ MH DEI.
FILOTIMIA11 "EXI$ YUCH$ PROETIKH PASH$ DAPANH$ 'ANEU
LOGISMOU.
KAKOFUIA11 KAKIA 'EN FUSEI KAI "AMARTIA TOU* KATA FUSIN;
NOSO$ TOU* KATA FUSIN.
'ELPI$11 PROSDOKIA 'AGAQOU.
MANIA11 "EXI$ FQARTIKH 'ALHQOU$ "UPOLHYEW$.
LALIA11 'AKRASIA LOGOU 'ALOGO$.
'ENANTIOTH$11 TWN "UPO TO 'AUTO GENO$ KATA TINA DIAFORAN
PIPTONTWN0 "H PLEISTH DIASTASI$.
'AKOUSION11 TO PARA DIANOIAN 'APOTELOUMENON0.
PAIDEIA11 DUNAMI$ QERAPEUTIKH YUCH$.
PAIDEUSI$11 PAIDEIA$ PARADOSI$.
NOMOQETIKH11 'EPISTHMH POIHTIKH POLEW$ 'AGAQH$.
NOUQETHSI$11 LOGO$ 'EPITIMHTIKO$ 'APO GNWMH$; LOGO$
"AMARTIA$ 'APOTROPH$ "ENEKEN.
BOHQEIA11 KAKOU KWLUSI$ 'ONTO$ 'H= GINOMENOU.
KOLASI$11 YUCH$ QERAPEIA 'EPI "AMARTHMATI GENOMENWI.
DUNAMI$11 "UPEROCH 'EN PRAXEI 'H= 'EN LOGWI; "EXI$ KAQ' "HN TO
'ECON DUNATON 'ESTIN; 'ISCU$ KATA FUSIN.
SWIZEIN11 TO PERIPOIEIN 'ABLABH.


<B DHM>


<P 380A>
SU MEN-DH KELEUEI$ ME, 'W* DHMODOKE, SU BOULEUEIN "UMIN
PERI= "WN SUNERCESQE0 BOULEUSOMENOI; 'EMOI4 DE SKOPEISQAI
'EPERCETAI TI= POTE DUNATAI "H SUNODO$ "UMWN KAI "H TWN
'OIOMENWN SUMBOULEUEIN "UMIN PROQUMIA KAI "H YHFO$ "HN
FEREIN "EKASTO$ "UMWN DIANOEITAI. TOUTO MEN-GAR, 'EI MH
'ESTIN2 'ORQW$ KAI 'EMPEIRW$ SUMBOULEUEIN PERI= "WN SUNERCESQE0
BOULEUSOMENOI, PW*$ 'OU GELOION 'ESTIN SUNERCESQAI BOULEUSOMENOU$
<P 380B>
PERI= "WN SUMBOULEUEIN 'OUK 'ESTIN2 'ORQW$: TOUTO DE,
'EI MEN 'ESTIN2 'ORQW$ SUMBOULEUEIN KAI 'EMPEIRW$ PERI= TWN
TOIOUTWN, 'EPISTHMH D' 'AF' "H$ 'ESTIN 'ORQW$ SUMBOULEUEIN KAI
'EMPEIRW$ PERI= TOUTWN MHDEMIA 'ESTIN, PW*$ 'OUK 'ATOPON: 'EI DE
TI$ 'EPISTHMH 'AF' "H$ 'ESTIN2 TA TOIAUTA 'ORQW$ SUMBOULEUEIN,
'OUK 'ANAGKH KAI 'EPISTAMENOU$ 'EINAI TINA$ SUMBOULEUEIN
'ORQW$ PERI= TWN TOIOUTWN: 'ONTWN0 DE TINWN 'EPISTAMENWN
SUMBOULEUEIN PERI= "WN SUNERCESQE0 BOULEUSOMENOI, 'OUK 'ANAGKH
<P 380C>
'ESTI KAI "UMA$ 'HTOI 'EPISTASQAI PERI= TOUTWN SUMBOULEUEIN
'H= MH 'EPISTASQAI, 'H= TOU$ MEN 'EPISTASQAI "UMWN, TOU$ DE MH
'EPISTASQAI: 'EI MEN-'OUN 'EPISTASQE PANTE$, TI= DEI 'ETI "UMA$
SUNERCESQAI BOULEUSOMENOU$: SUMBOULEUEIN GAR "IKANO$
"EKASTO$ "UMWN. 'EI D' 'AU PANTE$ MH 'EPISTASQE, PW*$ 'AN4
DUNAISQE BOULEUESQAI: 'H= TI= "UMIN PROURGOU TH$ SUNODOU
TAUTH$ 'EIH 'AN4 MH DUNAMENWN GE BOULEUESQAI: 'EI DE "OI MEN
<P 380D>
'EPISTANTAI, "OI DE 'OUK 'EPISTAMENOI 'EISIN "UMWN, "OUTOI DE
SUMBOULH$ DEONTAI, 'EI 'A=RA DUNATON 'ESTIN SUMBOULEUEIN
'EMFRONA 'ANDRA TOI$ 'APEIROI$, "IKANO$ DHPOU 'ESTI KAI "EI$
SUMBOULEUSAI0 TOI$ 'EPISTAMENOI$ "UMIN. 'H= 'OU 'TAUTA "OI 'EPISTAMENOI
SUMBOULEUOUSIN0 PANTE$: "WST' 'AKOUSANTA$ "UMA$ TOUTOU
'APALLATTESQAI PROSHKEI0. NU*N D' 'OU POIEITE0 TOUTO, 'ALLA=
BOULESQE0 POLLWN SUMBOULEUONTWN0 'AKOUEIN. 'OU-GAR "UPOLAMBANETE0
'EIDENAI TOU$ 'EPICEIROUNTA$ "UMIN SUMBOULEUEIN
PERI= "WN SUMBOULEUOUSIN0. 'EI GAR "UPELAMBANETE 'EIDENAI
TOU$ SUMBOULEUONTA$ "UMIN, "ENO$ MONOU 'AKOUSASIN 'EXHRKEI 'AN4


<P 381A>
"UMIN. TO 'OUN SUNERCESQAI 'AKOUSOMENOU$ MH 'EIDOTWN "W$
PROURGOU TI POIOUNTA$, PW*$ 'OUK 'ATOPON 'ESTIN: KAI PERI= MEN
TH$ SUNODOU "UMWN 'APORW0 TAUTHI.
PERI= DE TH$ TWN 'OIOMENWN "UMIN SUMBOULEUEIN PROQUMIA$
'EKEINO 'APORON; 'EI MEN-GAR MH 'TAUTA SUMBOULEUOUSI0 PERI= TWN
'AUTWN SUMBOULEUONTE$, PW*$ 'AN4 PANTE$ KALW$ SUMBOULEUOIEN,
MH SUMBOULEUONTE$ "A SUMBOULEUEI0 "O 'ORQW$ SUMBOULEUWN:
<P 381B>
'H= PW*$ 'AN4 'OUK 'ATOPO$ 'EIH "H PROQUMIA TWN PROQUMOUMENWN
SUMBOULEUEIN PERI= "WN 'APEIRW$ 'ECOUSIN0: 'OU-GAR-DH 'EMPEIROI
'ONTE$ PROAIRHSONTAI SUMBOULEUEIN MH 'ORQW$. 'EI D' 'AU
'TAUTA SUMBOULEUOUSI0, TI= DEI PANTA$ 'AUTOU$ SUMBOULEUEIN:
"EI$ GAR 'AUTWN TA 'AUTA SUMBOULEUWN "IKANO$ 'ESTAI. TO 'OUN
TOIAUTA PROQUMEISQAI "A 'OUDEN PROURGOU 'AN4 GENOITO, PW*$ 'OU
GELOION: 'OUTE-'OUN "H TWN 'APEIRWN PROQUMIA 'OUK 'AN4 'ATOPO$
<P 381C>
'EIH, TOIAUTH GE 'OUSA, 'OUTE 'EMFRONE$ 'AN4 TOIAUTA PROQUMHQEIEN,
'EIDOTE$ "OTI4 KAI "EI$ TI$ 'AUTWN TO 'AUTO PRAXEI2 SUMBOULEUWN
GE "W$ PROSHKEI0. "WSTE PW*$ 'OU GELOIO$ 'ESTIN "H PROQUMIA
TWN 'OIOMENWN "UMIN SUMBOULEUEIN: 'OU DUNAMAI "EUREIN.
TO DE PERI= TH$ YHFOU "H$ FEREIN DIANOEISQE0 TI= DUNATAI,
'APORW0 MALISTA. POTERON GAR TOU$ 'EIDOTA$ SUMBOULEUEIN
KRINETE0: 'ALL' 'OU PLEIONE$ "ENO$ SUMBOULEUSOUSIN2 'OUD' 'ALLW$
KAI 'ALLW$ PERI= TOU* 'AUTOU4; "WSTE PERI= TOUTWN MEN THN YHFON
<P 381D>
FEREIN "UMA$ 'OU DEHSEI2. 'ALLA= TOU$ 'APEIROU$ KAI "W$ MH DEI
SUMBOULEUONTA$ KRINETE0: 'H= TOI$ TOIOUTOI$ "W$ MAINOMENOI$
'OUK 'EPITREPEIN SUMBOULEUEIN PROSHKEI0: 'EI DE-MHTE TOU$
'EMPEIROU$ MHTE TOU$ 'APEIROU$ KRINEITE4, TI=NA$ KRINETE0: 'ARCHN
DE TI= DEI PANTW$ 'ALLOU$ SUMBOULEUEIN "UMIN, 'EIPER KRINEIN0
TA TOIAUTA "IKANOI 'ESTE0: 'EI D' 'AU MH 'ESTE0 "IKANOI, TI= KAI
DUNANTAI "UMIN "AI YHFOI: 'H= PW*$ 'OU GELOION 'ESTIN SUNERCESQAI
<P 381E>
MEN "UMA$ SUMBOULEUSOMENOU$, "W$ DEOMENOU$ SUMBOULIA$ KAI
'OUC "IKANOU$ 'ONTA$ 'AUTOU$, SUNELQONTA$ DE 'OIESQAI DEIN YHFIZESQAI,
"W$ KRINEIN0 "IKANOU$ 'ONTA$: 'OU-GAR-DH KAQ' "ENA MEN
'ONTE$ 'OUK 'OIDATE, SUNELQONTE$ DE FRONIMOI GIGNESQE0; 'OUD'
'AU 'IDIA\ MEN 'APOREITE0, 'ELQONTE$ DE 'EI$ TO 'AUTO 'OUKETI 'APOREITE0,
'ALL' "IKANOI GIGNESQE0 SUNORAN POI*A PRAKTEA 'ESTIN "UMIN, KAI
TAUTA PAR' 'OUDENO$ MAQONTE$ 'OUD' 'AUTOI "EURONTE$, "O= 'ESTIN
DEINOTATON "APANTWN. 'OU-GAR-DH, MH DUNAMENOI GE SUNORAN


<P 382A>
"A PRAKTEON 'ESTIN, KRINEIN0 "IKANOI 'ESESQE TON 'ORQW$ SUMBOULEUONTA
PERI= TOUTWN "UMIN. 'OUD' 'AU TOUTO GE 'EREI2 "EI$ 'WN "O
SUMBOULEUWN "UMIN "OUTO$ "UMA$ DIDAXEIN "A PRAKTEON "UMIN 'ESTIN,
KAI KRINEIN0 TOU$ KAKW$ KAI MH SUMBOULEUONTA$ "UMIN, "OUTW$
'EN 'OLIGWI CRONWI KAI 'ONTA$ TOSOUTOU$. TOUTO DE 'EKEINOU
'OUDEN "HTTON 'AN4 FANEIH DEINON 'ON. 'EI DE-MHQ' "H SUNODO$
MHQ' "O SUMBOULEUWN "UMIN "IKANOU$ KRINEIN0 POIEI0 "UMA$, TI=$
CREIA TWN YHFWN 'ESTIN "UMIN: 'H= PW*$ 'OUK 'ENANTIOUTAI "H
<P 382B>
SUNODO$ "UMWN TAI$ YHFOI$ KAI "AI YHFOI THI TWN SUMBOULEUONTWN0
"UMIN PROQUMIA\: "H MEN-GAR SUNODO$ 'ESTIN "UMWN "W$ 'OUC
"IKANWN 'ALLA= SUMBOULWN DEOMENWN, "AI DE YHFOI FERONTAI "W$
'OU SUMBOULWN DEOMENWN 'ALLA=-KAI KRINEIN0 KAI SUMBOULEUEIN
DUNAMENWN. KAI "H MEN PROQUMIA TWN SUMBOULEUONTWN0 "UMIN
"W$ 'EIDOTWN 'ESTIN, "AI DE PAR' "UMWN YHFOI "W$ 'OUK 'EIDOTWN
TWN SUMBOULEUONTWN0 FERONTAI. KAI 'EI TI$ "UMA$ 'EROITO TOU$
<P 382C>
YHFISAMENOU$, KAI TON SUMBOULEUSANTA "UMIN PERI= "WN 'AN4
YHFISHSQE, POTERON 'ISTE0 "OTI2 'ESTAI "OU2 "ENEKA PRATTEIN DIANOEISQE0
"A 'EYHFISASQE, 'OUK 'OIOMAI 'AN4 FHSAI0 "UMA$. TI= D',
'EI GENOITO "OU2 "ENEKA PRATTEIN DIANOEISQE0, 'ISTE0 "OTI42 SUNOISEI2
TOUTO "UMIN: 'OUDE TOUTO 'AN4 FHSAI0 'OIOMAI "UMA$ 'OUDE TON
SUMBOULEUONTA "UMIN. TWN 'ANQRWPWN DE TI=NA "UPOLAMBANETE0
'EIDENAI TI TOUTWN: 'EI TI$ PROSEROITO "UMA$, 'OUDE TOUTO SUGCWREIN
'AN4 'OIOMAI "UMA$. "OTAN 'OUN PERI= TE "WN SUMBOULEUETE0
<P 382D>
'HI TOIAUTA "OI*A "UMIN MH DHLA 'EINAI, "OI TE YHFIZOMENOI KAI "OI
SUMBOULEUONTE$ 'APEIROI 'WSIN, 'EIKOTW$ KAI "UMEI$ FHSETE4
SUMPIPTEIN 'APISTEIN KAI METAMELESQAI POLLAKI$ 'AUTOI$ KAI
PERI= "WN 'AN4 SUMBOULEUSWNTAI KAI PERI= "WN 'AN4 YHFISWNTAI.
TOI$ 'AGAQOI$ DE TOIAUTA SUMBAINEIN 'OU PROSHKEI0. 'ISASI
GAR-KAI PERI= "WN SUMBOULEUOUSIN0 POI*A T' 'ESTIN, KAI TOI$
PEISQEISIN 'AUTOI$ "OTI4 BEBAIW$ "UPARCEI0 "WN "ENEKA SUMBOULEUOUSIN0,
KAI "OTI4 'OUTE 'AUTOI$ 'OUTE TOI$ PEISQEISIN 'AUTOI$
<P 382E>
PWPOTE METAMELHSEI2. PERI= TOIOUTWN 'OUN 'EGWGE TOU$ NOUN
'ECONTA$ SUMBOULEUEIN 'AXIOUN0 "UPELAMBANON, 'ALL' 'OU PERI= "WN
SU KELEUEI$ ME SUMBOULEUEIN. 'APO MEN-GAR TH$ 'EKEINWN
SUMBOULIA$ TO TELO$ 'EUTUCIA, 'APO DE TH$ TOUTWN FLUARIA$
'ATUCIA 'ESTIN.
PAREGENOMHN D' 'ANQRWPWI TINI NOUQETOUNTI "EAUTOU "ETAIRON,
DIOTI 'EPISTEUEN TW*I KATHGOROUNTI 'OUK 'AKOUSA$ TOU* 'APOLOGOUMENOU
'ALLA= MONOU TOU* KATHGOROUNTO$. 'ELEGEN 'OUN "W$ DEINON
PRAGMA POIOI* KATAGIGNWSKWN TOU* 'ANQRWPOU, 'OUTE 'AUTO$


<P 383A>
PARAGENOMENO$ 'OUTE TWN FILWN 'AKOUSA$ PARAGENOMENWN,
"OI$ 'EIKO$ 'H*N 'AUTON LEGOUSIN4 PISTEUEIN; 'OUD' 'AU 'AMFOTERWN
'AKOUSA$, "OUTW$ PROPETW$ 'EPISTEUSE TW*I KATHGOROUNTI. DIKAION
DE 'EINAI KAI TOU* 'APOLOGOUMENOU 'AKOUSAI0 PRO TOU* 'EPAINEIN 'H=
MEMFESQAI, "WSPER KAI TOU* KATHGOROUNTO$. PW*$ GAR 'AN4 TI$
'H= DIKHN KALW$ DIKASAI0 'H= 'ANQRWPOU$ KATA TROPON KRINAI0
DUNAITO, MH 'AMFOTERWN TWN 'ANTIDIKWN 'AKOUSA$: TOU$ GAR
<P 383B>
LOGOU$ PARABALLOMENOU$, "WSPER THN PORFURAN KAI TO CRUSION,
'AMEINON KRINESQAI. 'H= TI=NO$ "ENEKEN 'H= CRONON 'AMFOTEROI$
DIDOSQAI TOI$ 'ANTIDIKOI$, 'H= 'OMNUEIN TOU$ DIKASTA$ 'AKROASASQAI
"OMOIW$ 'AMFOTERWN, 'EI MH "UPELAMBANEN "O NOMOQETH$ TA$ DIKA$
DIKAIOTERON 'AN4 KAI BELTION KRINESQAI "UPO TWN DIKASTWN: SU
DE MOI DOKEI$ 'OUDE TOUTO TO "UPO TWN POLLWN LEGOMENON
'AKHKOENAI. TO POI*ON: 'EFH.
<P 383C>
MHDE9 DIKHN9 DIKASHI$9, PRIN9 'AMFOIN9 MUQON9 'AKOUSHI$9.
KAITOI 'OUK 'AN4 "OUTW TOUTO PERIEFERETO, 'EI MH KALW$ 'ELEGETO
KAI "W$ PROSHKEI0. SUMBOULEUW0 'OUN SOI4, 'EFH, TOU* LOIPOU
MH PROPETW$ "OUTW$ TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ MHTE MEMFESQAI MHT'
'EPAINEIN.
"O 'OUN "ETAIRO$ 'ATOPON 'EFH "EAUTWI KATAFAINESQAI 'EI "ENA
MEN GNWNAI0 LEGONTA POTERON 'ALHQEUEI0 'H= YEUDETAI 'OU DUNATON,
DUO DE LEGONTA$ GNWNAI0 DUNATON 'ESTAI; KAI PARA MEN TOU*
<P 383D>
'ALHQH LEGONTO$ MAQEIN 'OU DUNATON, "UPO TOUTOU D' 'AUTOU4 KAI
'ALLOU YEUDOMENOU DIDACQHNAI 'TAUTA "OION-TE; KAI 'EI "O MEN
"EI$ 'ORQW$ KAI 'ALHQH LEGWN 'EMFANISAI0 "A LEGEI0 'OU DUNHSETAI,
DUO DE, "WN "O "ETERO$ YEUSETAI KAI 'OUK 'ORQW$ 'EREI2, DUNHSONTAI
'EMFANISAI0 TOUTO "O= "O LEGWN 'ORQW$ 'EMFANISAI0 'OUC "OIO$-T'-'HN.
'APORW0 D', 'EFH, 'KAKEINO, PW*$ POTE 'EMFANIOUSI2. POTERON GAR
SIWPWNTE$ 'H= LEGONTE$: 'EI MEN-GAR SIWPWNTE$ 'EMFANIOUSIN2,
'OUDETEROU 'AN4 DEOI, MHTI GE 'AMFOTERWN, 'AKOUEIN; 'EI DE
<P 383E>
LEGONTE$ 'AMFOTEROI 'EMFANIOUSIN2, 'AMFOTEROI DE KAT' 'OUDENA
TROPON LEGOUSIN0 % 'EN MEREI GAR LEGEIN "EKATERON 'AXIOUSIN0 %
PW*$ 'AMFOTEROU$ 'EMFANISAI0 "AMA "OION-TE: 'EI GAR 'EMFANIOUSIN2
"AMA 'AMFOTEROI, KAI 'EROUSIN2 TO=TE "AMA. TOUTO D' 'OUK 'EWSIN0.
"WSTE LOIPON, 'EIPER LEGONTE$ 'EMFANIOUSIN2, "EKATERO$ 'EIPWN
'EMFANIEI2; KAI "OPOTE GE 'EREI2 "EKATERO$, TO=TE KAI 'EMFANIEI2
"EKATERO$ 'AUTWN. "WST' 'EREI2 "O MEN PROTERO$, "O D' "USTERO$;
KAI 'EMFANIEI2 "O MEN PROTERO$, "O D' "USTERO$. KAITOI 'EIPER
'TAUTO 'EN MEREI 'EMFANIOUSIN2 "EKATEROI, TI= DEI 'ETI TOU* "USTEROU
'AKOUEIN: "UPO GAR TOU* PROTERON 'EIPONTO$ 'HDH FANERON 'ESTAI.


<P 384A>
'EKEINO D', 'EFH, 'EIPER 'AMFOTEROI 'EMFANIOUSIN2, PW*$ 'OU KAI "O
"ETERO$ 'AUTWN 'EMFANIEI2: "W$ GAR "O "ETERO$ 'OUK 'EMFANIEI2, "OUTOI
'AMFOTEROI PW*$ 'AN4 'EMFANISAI0 DUNAINTO: 'EI D' "EKATERO$ 'EMFANIEI2,
DHLON "OTI4 'EREI2 PROTERO$ KAI 'EMFANIEI2 PROTERO$;
"WST' 'EKEINOU MONOU 'AKOUSANTA GNWNAI0 PW*$ 'ESTIN 'OUC "OION-TE.
'EGW GOUN 'AKOUWN 'AUTWN 'HPOROUN KAI KRINEIN0 'OUC "OIO$-T'-'H*N;
"OI MEN-GAR 'ALLOI 'EFASAN "OI PARONTE$ TON PRWTON LEGEIN
<P 384B>
'ALHQH. 'EI 'OUN TI 'ECEI$ SUMBALLESQAI MOI PERI= TOUTWN,
POTERON 'ESTIN2 "ENO$ LEGONTO$ GNWNAI0 TI= LEGEI0, 'H= PROSDEITAI
TOU* 'ANTEROUNTO$, 'EI MELLEI0 TI$ GNWSESQAI POTERON 'ORQW$
LEGEI0; 'H= 'OUK 'ANAGKAION 'ESTIN 'AMFOTERWN 'AKOUEIN. 'H= PW*$
NOMIZEI$:
PRWIHN TI$ 'ENEKALEI 'ANQRWPWN TINI "OTI4 'AUTWI 'ARGURION
CRHSAI0 'OUK 'HQELHSEN 'OUDE PISTEUSAI0. 'KAKEINO$ MEN "WI 'ENEKALEI,
'APELOGEITO; 'ALLO$ DE TI$ TWN PARONTWN0 'HRWTHSE TON
<P 384C>
'EGKALOUNTA0 POTERON "O MEN MH PISTEUSA$ 'AUTWI MHDE CRHSA$
"HMARTEN; SU D', 'EFH, 'OU PEISA$ SOI4 CRHSAI0 'OUC "HMARTHKA$:
"O DE, TI= GAR "HMARTON: 'EI*PEN. POTERO$ D', 'EFH, SOI4 DOKEI0
"AMARTANEIN: "O 'APOTUCWN "WN 'HQELEN 'H= "O MH: "O 'APOTUCWN,
'EI*PEN. 'OUKOU*N, 'EI*PEN, SU MEN 'APETUCE$, CRHSASQAI 'EQELWN:
"O DE SOI4 MH PROESQAI, 'OUK 'APETUCE TOUTOU: NAI, 'EI*PEN; 'ALL'
'EGW TI= "HMARTON, KAI 'EI MH 'EKEINO$ MOI 'EDWKEN: "OTI4 'EI MEN
'EDEOU 'AUTOU4, 'EFH, "WN 'OUK 'ECRHN, PW*$ 'OUK 'OIEI "AMARTANEIN:
<P 384D>
'EKEINO$ DE "O MH PROEMENO$ 'ORQW$ 'EPRAXEN. 'EI DE "WN CRHN
'EDEOU 'AUTOU4, 'APOTUCWN TOUTOU, PW*$ 'OUC "HMARTE$ 'EX 'ANAGKH$:
'ISW$, 'EI*PEN. 'ALL' 'EKEINO$ PW*$ 'OUC "HMARTEN "O MH PISTEUSA$
MOI: 'A*R'-'OUN, 'EFH, 'EI PROSWMILHSA$ 'AUTWI "W$ PROSHKEI0,
'OUK 'AN4 "HMARTE$ 'OUDEN: 'OU-GAR-DH. NU*N 'A=RA 'OUC "W$ PROSHKEI0
'AUTWI PROSWMILHSA$. FAINOMAI, 'EIPEIN. 'EI 'OUN "W$
MH PROSHKEI0 "OMILOUNTO$ SOU4 MH 'EPEISQH, PW*$ 'AN4 DIKAIW$
<P 384E>
'EGKALOIH$0 'EKEINWI: 'OUK 'ECW0 'EIPEIN. 'OUDE "OTI4 TOI$ KAKW$
CRWMENOI$ 'OU PROSEKTEON 'ESTIN 'ECEI$ 'EIPEIN: KAI MAL',
'EFH, TOUTO GE. 'ALL'-'OUN 'OUC "OI "W$ 'OU PROSHKEI0 "OMILOUNTE$,
'EFH, KAKW$ CRHSQAI SOI4 DOKOUSIN0: 'EMOIGE, 'EFH. TI= 'OUN
"HMARTEN 'EI SOI4 MH PROSESCEN KAKW$ CRWMENWI: 'OUDEN FAINETAI,
'EIPEIN. TI= 'OUN POTE "OI 'ANQRWPOI, 'EFH, TOIAUTA 'EGKALOUSIN0
PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$, KAI TOI$ MEN MH PEISQEISIN 'AUTOI$
"OTI4 'OUK 'EPEISQHSAN MEMFONTAI, "AUTOI$ DE, "OTI4 'OUK 'EPEISAN,


<P 385A>
'OUD' "OTIOUN 'EGKALOUSIN0: KAI 'ALLO$ TI$ PARWN, "OTAN TE-GAR
TI$, 'EFH, 'EU CRHSHTAI TWI KAI BOHQHSHI6, 'EITA 'AXIWN 'AUTWI
"OMOIW$ CRHSASQAI MH TUGCANHI5 TOUTOU, PW*$ 'OUK 'EIKOTW$
MEMFOIT' 'AN4 "O TOIOUTO$: 'OUKOU*N 'EFH, "ON 'AXIOI0 "OMOIW$ 'AUTWI
CRHSQAI, 'HTOI DUNATO$ 'ESTIN CRHSQAI 'AUTWI KALW$ 'H= 'OU DUNATO$:
KAI 'EI MEN MH DUNATO$ 'ESTIN, PW*$ 'AN4 KALW$ 'AXIOIH, 'AXIWN
'AUTON "O= 'OU DUNATO$ 'ESTIN: 'EI DE DUNATO$ 'ESTIN, PW*$ TOIOUTON
'ANQRWPON 'OUK 'EPEISEN: 'H= PW*$ TOIAUTA LEGONTE$ KALW$
<P 385B>
LEGOUSIN0: 'ALLA= NH DI=', 'EFH, TOUTO DEI 'EGKALEIN0, "OPW$
"OUTO$ TE TOU* LOIPOU BELTION CRHTAI2 'AUTWI, KAI "OI 'ALLOI FILOI
'AKOUSANTE$ 'AUTOU4 'EGKALOUNTO$0. BELTION DE CRHSQAI, 'EFH,
'OIEI TINA$ 'AKOUONTA$ 'ORQW$ LEGONTO$ KAI 'AXIOUNTO$, 'H= "AMARTANONTO$:
'ORQW$ LEGONTO$, 'EFH. "O DE-GE 'OUK 'ORQW$
'AXIOUN0 'EDOKEI SOI4: NAI, 'EFH. PW*$ 'OUN 'AKOUONTE$ TOIAUTA
'EGKALOUNTO$0 BELTION CRHSONTAI: 'OUDAMW$, 'EFH. TOU*2 'OUN
<P 385C>
"ENEKA TOIAUTA TI$ 'EGKALEI0: 'ANEUREIN 'EFH 'OUK 'AN4 DUNASQAI.
'ANQRWPOU TI$ KATHGOREI6 'EUHQEIAN "OTI4 TACEW$ KAI TOI$
TUCOUSIN 'ANQRWPOI$ LEGOUSI4 PISTEUOI. POLITAI$ MEN-GAR-KAI
'OIKEIOI$ LEGOUSIN4 PISTEUEIN 'EIKO$ 'ESTIN; TOIOUTOI$ D' 'ANQRWPOI$
"OU$ 'OUTE 'EIDEN 'OUTE 'HKOUSEN PROTERON 'AUTWN, PISTEUEIN,
KAI TAUTA 'OUK 'AGNOOUNTA "OTI4 "OI PLEISTOI TWN 'ANQRWPWN
'EISIN 'ALAZONE$ KAI PONHROI, 'HLIQIOTHTO$ SHMEION 'OU SMIKRON
<P 385D>
'EINAI. KAI TWN PARONTWN0 TI$ 'EFH, 'EGW DE 'WIMHN SE TON
TACU KAI TOU* TUCONTO$ 'AN4 'AISQANOMENON POLLOU NOMIZEIN 'AXION
'EINAI MALLON 'H= TON BRADEW$. KAI-GAR NOMIZW0, 'EI*PEN 'EKEINO$.
TI= 'OUN, 'EFH, 'EGKALEI$0 'EI TACU KAI TOI$ TUCOUSIN PISTEUEI0
'TALHQH LEGOUSIN4: 'ALL' 'OU TOUTO 'EGKALW0, 'EIPEIN, 'ALL' "OTI4
PISTEUEI0 TACEW$ YEUDH LEGOUSIN4. 'EI D' 'EN PLEIONI CRONWI
KAI 'OU TOI$ TUCOUSIN 'EPISTEUE KAI 'HITIATO, 'OUK 'AN4 'ENEKALESA$
'AUTWI MALLON: 'EGWG' 'AN4, 'EIPEIN. 'A*RA DIOTI GE BRADEW$
<P 385E>
KAI 'OU TOI$ TUCOUSIN 'EPISTEUEN: MA DI=', 'EI*PEN. 'OU-GAR
'OIMAI G', 'EFH, DIA= TOUT' 'EGKALEIN0 'ANQRWPWI 'AXION 'EINAI "UPOLAMBANEI$,
'ALLA= DIOTI PISTEUEI0 LEGOUSIN4 'APISTA. 'EGWG',
'EIPEIN. POTERON 'OUN, 'EFH, DIA= MEN TO BRADEW$ KAI MH TOI$
TUCOUSIN PISTEUEIN 'OUK 'OIEI 'AXION 'EINAI 'EGKALEIN0 'AUTWI, DIA=
DE TO TACEW$ KAI TOI$ TUCOUSI PISTEUEIN 'AXION: 'OUK 'EGWG',
'EIPEIN. TI= 'OUN, 'EFH, 'EGKALEI$0 'AUTWI: "OTI4 "AMARTANEI0, PRO
TOU* SKEYASQAI TACEW$ PISTEUWN TOI$ TUCOUSIN. 'ALL' 'EI


<P 386A>
BRADEW$ 'EPISTEUSEN PRO TOU* SKEYASQAI, 'OUK 'AN4 "HMARTANEN:
MA DI=', 'EI*PEN, 'ALLA=-KAI "OUTW$ "HMARTANEN 'AN4 'OUDEN "HTTON.
'ALL' 'OU TOI$ TUCOUSIN 'OIMAI DEIN PISTEUEIN. 'EI DE MH PISTEUEIN
TOI$ TUCOUSIN, 'EFH, 'OIEI DEIN, 'ALLA= TOI$ 'AGNWSIN PW*$
PROSHKEI0 TACEW$ PISTEUEIN: 'ALLA= PROTERON 'OIEI DEIN SKEYASQAI
'EI 'ALHQH LEGOUSIN0. 'EGWG', 'EI*PEN. 'EPEI 'OIKEIWN
KAI SUNHQWN, 'EFH, 'ONTWN0 'OU DEI SKOPEISQAI 'EI LEGOUSIN0
'ALHQH. 'EGW MEN FAIHN 'AN4, 'EIPEIN. 'ISW$ GAR-KAI TOUTWN
TINE$, 'EFH, LEGOUSIN0 'APISTA. KAI MALA, 'EI*PEN. TI= 'OUN
<P 386B>
MALLON, 'EFH, TOI$ 'OIKEIOI$ KAI SUNHQESIN 'EIKO$ PISTEUEIN, 'H=
TOI$ TUCOUSIN 'ESTIN: 'OUK 'ECW0, 'EFH, 'EIPEIN. TI= D': 'EI 'OU
MALLON TOI$ 'OIKEIOI$ PISTEUEIN DEI 'H= TOI$ TUCOUSIN, 'OUK
'APISTOU$ 'AUTOU$ DEI NOMIZEIN MALLON 'H= TOU$ TUCONTA$:
PW*$ GAR 'OU=K: 'EFH. 'EA=N 'OUN TOI$ MEN 'OIKEIOI 'WSIN, TOI$ D'
'AGNWTE$, PW*$ 'OU DEHSEI2 TOU$ 'AUTOU$ MALLON 'AUTWI PISTOU$
NOMIZEIN: 'OU-GAR "OMOIW$ PISTOU$ 'AUTOU$ DEI NOMIZEIN TOU$
'OIKEIOU$ KAI TOU$ 'AGNWTA$, "W$ FH=I$. 'OUK 'ARESKEI0 MOI, 'EIPEIN.
"OMOIW$ D', 'EFH, KAI TA LEGOMENA "UP' 'AUTWN "OI MEN
PISTEUOUSIN0, "OI D' 'OU PISTA "HGHSONTAI, KAI 'OUDETEROI "AMARTHSONTAI
'AUTWN. 'ATOPON KAI TOUT', 'EIPEIN. 'EPEITA, 'EFH,
'EI 'TAUTA LEGOUSIN0 "OI 'OIKEIOI KAI "OI TUCONTE$, PW*$ 'OUC "OMOIW$
<P 386C>
TA LEGOMENA PISTA 'EIH 'AN4 'H= 'APISTA: 'ANAGKH, 'EI*PEN.
'OUKOU*N-KAI TOI$ LEGOUSIN4 'AUTA "OMOIW$ PISTEUTEON LEGOUSIN4
'AUTA: PIQANON, 'EI*PEN.
TAUT' 'OUN LEGONTWN0 'AUTWN 'HPOROUN TI=SIN POTE DEI PISTEUEIN
KAI TI=SIN 'OU=, KAI POTERON TOI$ PISTOI$ KAI TOI$ 'EIDOSI PERI=
"WN LEGOUSIN0 'H= TOI$ 'OIKEIOI$ KAI TOI$ GNWRIMOI$. PERI= TOUTWN
'OUN PW*$ SU NOMIZEI$:


<B ERUX>


<P 392A>
'ETUGCANOMEN PERIPATOUNTE$ 'EN THI STOA*I TOU* DIO$ TOU*
'ELEUQERIOU 'EGW TE-KAI 'ERUXIA$ "O STEIRIEU$; 'EITA PROSHLQETHN
"HMIN KRITIA$ TE-KAI 'ERASISTRATO$ "O FAIAKO$ TOU* 'ERASISTRATOU
'ADELFIDOU$ % 'ETUGCANEN DE TO=TE NEWSTI PARWN 'APO
SIKELIA$ KAI TWN TOPWN TOUTWN "O 'ERASISTRATO$ % PROSELQWN
<P 392B>
D' 'EFH, CAIRE, 'W* SWKRATE$. KAI SU GE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW. TI=
GAR: KALON TI 'APO SIKELIA$ 'ECEI$ LEGEIN "HMIN: KAI PANU.
'ALLA= BOULESQ'0, 'EFH, PRWTON KAQIZWMEQA: KEKMHKA GAR CQE$
BADISA$ MEGAROQEN. PANU GE, 'EI DOKEI0. TI= 'OUN, 'EFH,
BOULESQE0 PRWTON 'AKOUEIN TWN 'EKEI: POTERON PERI= 'AUTWN
'EKEINWN "OTI2 PRATTOUSIN0, 'H= "OPW$ PRO$ THN POLIN 'ECOUSIN0 THN
"HMETERAN: 'EKEINOI GAR 'EMOI4 DOKOUSIN0 PEPONQENAI PRO$ "HMA$
"OIONPER "OI SFHKE$. KAI-GAR TOUTOU$ 'EA=N TI$ KATA SMIKRON
<P 392C>
'EREQIZWN 'ORGISHI6, 'AMACOI GIGNONTAI, "EW$ TI$ 'AUTOU$ 'EPIQEMENO$
PANOIKI 'EXELHI6. "OUTW$ 'OUN-KAI "OI SURAKOSIOI, 'EI MH TI$ 'ERGON
POIHSAMENO$ SFO=DRA MEGALWI STOLWI "HXEI2 'EKEISE, 'OUK 'ESTIN
"OPW$ 'EKEINH "H POLI$ 'ESTAI POTE "HMIN "UPOCEIRI=A, "UPO DE
TWN SMIKRWN TOUTWN 'AN4 MALLON 'ORGIZOINTO, "OUTW$ "W$ 'AN4
MALISTA CALEPWTATOI 'EIHSAN. PEPOMFASI DE-KAI NU*N "W$
"HMA$ PRESBEI$, "W$ MEN 'EMOI4 DOKEI0, BOULOMENOI TI 'EXAPATHSAI0
<P 392D>
THN POLIN. METAXU DE "HMWN DIALEGOMENWN 'ETUCETHN "OI
SURAKOSIOI PRESBEI$ PARIONTE$. 'EI*PEN 'OUN "O 'ERASISTRATO$,
DEIXA$ 'EI$ TON "ENA TWN PRESBEWN, "OUTOSI MENTOI, 'EFH, 'W*
SWKRATE$, PLOUSIWTATO$ 'ESTIN TWN SIKELIWTWN KAI 'ITALIWTWN.
PW*$ D' 'OUCI, 'EFH, "WI GE "UPARCEI0 GH TE 'AFQONO$
"OUTW$, "WSTE 'EUPORIAN 'EINAI, 'EI TI$ BOULOITO, PANU POLLHN
GEWRGEIN: KAI "AU=TH MEN TOIAUTH "OI=A 'OUC "ETE=RA 'ALLH 'EN
GE TOI$ "ELLHSIN, 'ETI DE 'TALLA TA 'EI$ PLOUTON "HKONTA
'APLETA, 'ANDRAPODA KAI "IPPOI KAI CRUSO$ KAI 'ARGURO$.
"ORWN D' 'EGW 'AUTON 'ANAGOMENON, "W$ 'ADOLESCHSONTA PERI=


<P 393A>
TH$ 'OUSIA$ TH$ TOU* 'ANQRWPOU, 'HROMHN, TI= DE, 'W* 'ERASISTRATE:
'ANHR POI*O$ TI$ 'EINAI DOKEI0 'EN THI SIKELIA\: "OUTO$,
'EFH, SIKELIWTWN KAI 'ITALIWTWN KAI DOKEI0 KAI 'ESTI PLEON
PANTWN PONHROTATO$ 'H= "OSWI PLOUSIWTATO$, "OUTW$ "WST' 'EI TINA
BOULEI SIKELIWTWN 'ERWTAN "ONTINA PONHROTATON NOMIZEI0 'EINAI
KAI PLOUSIWTATON, 'OUDEI$ 'AN4 FHSEIEN 'ALLON 'H= TOUTON.
'OIHQEI$ D' 'AUTON 'EGW 'OU PERI= SMIKRWN TON LOGON POIEISQAI,
'ALLA= PERI= TWN MEGISTWN DOKOUNTWN0 'EINAI, 'ARETH$ TE PE=RI KAI
<P 393B>
PLOUTOU, 'HROMHN POTERON 'AN4 FAIH PLOUSIWTERON 'EINAI 'ANQRWPON
"OTWI 'ONTA TUGCANEI0 TALANTA 'ARGURIOU, 'H= "OTWI 'AGRO$
'AXIO$ DUOIN TALANTOIN. 'OIMAI MEN 'EGW, 'EFH, "OTWI 'AGRO$.
'OUKOU*N, 'EFHN 'EGW, KATA TON 'AUTON LOGON, KAI 'EI TUGCANOI
TWI "IMATIA 'ONTA 'H= STRWMATA 'H= 'TALLA 'ETI PLEONO$ 'A=XIA 'H=
"OSOU TW*I XENWI, "OUTO$ 'EIH 'AN4 PLOUSIWTERO$. SUNEFH KAI
TAUTA. 'EI DE TI$ SOI4 DIDOIH "AIRESIN TOUTOIN, POTERON 'AN4
<P 393C>
BOULOIO: 'EGW MEN 'AN4, 'EFH, TO PLEISTOU 'AXION. POTERW$
'AN4 'OIOMENO$ PLOUSIWTERO$ 'EINAI: "OUTW. NUNI MEN-'A=RA
FAINETAI "OUTO$ "HMIN 'WN PLOUSIWTATO$, "OSTI$ PLEISTOU 'A=XIA
KEKTHTAI: NAI, 'EFH. 'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "OI "UGIAINONTE$ TWN
KAMNONTWN0 PLOUSIWTEROI 'AN4 'EIHSAN, 'EIPER "H "UGIEIA PLEIONO$
'AXION KTHMA 'H= TA TOU* KAMNONTO$ CRHMATA. 'OUDEI$ G' 'AN4
'OUN "OSTI$ 'OUCI PROTIMHSEIEN "UGIAINEIN 'OLIGON KEKTHMENO$
<P 393D>
'ARGURION MALLON 'H= TA BASILEW$ TOU* MEGALOU CRHMATA
KEKTHMENO$ NOSEIN, DHLON "OTI4 PLEIONO$ 'AXION 'OIOMENO$ 'EINAI
THN "UGIEIAN. 'OU-GAR 'AN4 POTE PROHIREITO, 'EI MH PROTIMOTERON
"HGEITO 'EINAI TWN CRHMATWN. 'OU-GAR. 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'EI TI
'ALLO FAINOITO PLEIONO$ 'AXION TH$ "UGIEIA$, "O TOUTO KEKTHMENO$,
"OUTO$ 'AN4 PLOUSIWTATO$ 'EIH. NAI. 'EI DE-DH TI$
"HMA$ NUNI PROSELQWN 'EROITO, 'W* SWKRATE$ KAI 'ERUXIA KAI
<P 393E>
'ERASISTRATE, 'ECOIT' 'AN4 'EIPEIN MOI TI= 'ESTIN 'ANQRWPWI PLEISTOU
'AXION KTHMA: 'A*RA-GE TOUTO "O= KTHSAMENO$ 'ANQRWPO$ 'ARISTA
BOULEUOITO PERI= TOUTOU, "OPW$ 'AN4 BELTISTA DIAPRATTOITO TA
TE 'AUTO$ "AUTOU PRAGMATA KAI TA TWN FILWN: TI= 'AN4 'EINAI
TOUTO FHSAIMEN: 'EMOI4 MEN DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EUDAIMONIA
PLEISTOU 'AXION 'ANQRWPWI 'EINAI % KAI 'OU KAKW$ G', 'EFHN 'EGW;
'ALL'-'A*RA-GE TOUTOU$ 'AN4 TWN 'ANQRWPWN 'EUDAIMONESTATOU$
"HGHSAIMEQA 'EINAI, "OITINE$ MALISTA 'EU PRATTOIEN: 'EMOI4 GOUN
DOKOUSIN0. 'OUKOU*N 'AN4 "OUTOI 'ARISTA PRATTOIEN, "OSOIPER KAI
'ELACISTA 'EXAMARTANOIEN PERI= SFA$-'AUTOU$ KAI PERI= TOU$
'ALLOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$, TA DE PLEISTA KATORQOIEN: PANU GE.
'OUKOU*N "OI 'EPISTAMENOI TA KAKA KAI TA 'AGAQA, KAI "OSA


<P 394A>
PRAKTEA KAI "OSA MH, "OUTOI 'AN4 'ORQOTATA PRATTOIEN KAI
'ELACISTA 'EXAMARTANOIEN: SUNEDOKEI KAI TAUTA. NU*N 'A=RA
"HMIN FAINONTAI "OI 'AUTOI 'ANDRE$ SOFWTATOI TE-KAI 'ARISTA
PRATTONTE$ KAI 'EUDAIMONESTATOI KAI PLOUSIWTATOI, 'EIPER 'A=RA
"H SOFIA TOU* PLEISTOU 'AXION KTHMA FAINETAI. NAI. 'ALL',
'EFH "UPOLABWN "O 'ERUXIA$, 'W* SWKRATE$, TI= 'AN4 'OFELO$ 'EIH
TW*I 'ANQRWPWI, 'EI SOFWTERO$ MEN 'EIH TOU* NESTORO$, TA D'
<P 394B>
'EPITH=DEIA TA PRO$ THN DIAITAN MH TUGCANOI 'ECWN, SITIA KAI
POTA KAI "IMATIA KAI 'EI TI 'ALLO TWN TOIOUTWN 'ESTIN: TI= 'AN4 "H
SOFIA 'WFELOIH: 'H= PW*$ 'AN4 "OUTO$ PLOUSIWTATO$ 'EIH, "ON GE
'OUDEN KWLUEI0 PTWCEUEIN, MHDENO$ G' 'EUPOROUNTA TWN 'EPITHDEIWN:
SFO=DRA 'OUN 'EDOKEI KAI "OUTO$ LEGEIN TI. 'ALLA=
POTERON, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, "O MEN THN SOFIAN KEKTHMENO$ PAQOI 'AN4
TOUTO, 'EI 'ENDEH$ GENOITO TOUTWN; 'EI DE TI$ THN POULUTIWNO$
<P 394C>
'OIKIAN KEKTHMENO$-'EIH KAI PLHRH$ 'EIH CRUSIOU KAI 'ARGURIOU
"H 'OIKIA, 'OUK 'AN4 DEHQEIH 'OUDENO$: 'ALL', 'EFH, TOUTON MEN
'OUDEN KWLUEI0 'AUTIKA NU*N DIAQEMENON TA KTHMATA 'ECEIN 'ANT'
'AUTWN TOUTWN "WNPER KAI TUGCANEI0 DEOMENO$ 'EI$ THN DIAITAN,
'H=-KAI NOMISMA 'ANQ' "OTOU TAUTA DUNHSETAI PORIZESQAI, KAI
"APANTWN 'EUPOREIN PARACRHMA. 'EI GE TUGCANOIEN, 'EFHN 'EGW,
"OI 'ONTE$ 'ANQRWPOI DEOMENOI TOIAUTHN SFISIN 'OIKIAN GENESQAI
<P 394D>
MALLON 'HPER THN 'EKEINOU SOFIAN, 'EPEI 'EI GE TOIOUTOI 'EIHSAN
"OIOI THN TOU* 'ANQRWPOU SOFIAN PERI= PLEIONO$ "HGEISQAI KAI
TA 'APO TAUTH$ GIGNOMENA, POLU MALLON "OUTO$ 'ECOI DIATIQESQAI,
'EIPER TUGCANOI TI DEOMENO$ KAI BOULOITO KAI 'AUTHN
KAI TA 'ERGA TA 'APO TAUTH$ DIATIQESQAI. 'H= TH$ MEN 'OIKIA$ "H
TE CRHSI$ POLLH TUGCANEI0 'OUSA KAI 'ANAGKAI=A, KAI MEGALA
TW*I 'ANQRWPWI TA DIAFERONTA TA PRO$ TON BION 'EN THI TOIAUTHI
'OIKIA\ 'OIKEIN MALLON 'H= 'EN SMIKRWI KAI FAULWI 'OIKIDIWI, TH$ DE
<P 394E>
SOFIA$ "H TE CREIA 'OLIGOU 'AXI=A KAI TA DIAFERONTA SMIKRA
'H= SOFWI 'H= 'AMAQEI 'EINAI PERI= TWN MEGISTWN: 'H= TOUTOU MEN
KATAFRONEIN TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ KAI MH 'EINAI 'WNHTA$, TH$ DE
KUPARITTOU TH$ 'EN THI 'OIKIA\ KAI PENTELIKWN LIQWN POLLOU$
TOU$ DEOMENOU$ TE-KAI BOULOMENOU$ PRIASQAI: 'OU=KOUN 'AN4 'EI
GE SOFO$ 'EIH KUBERNHTH$ 'OUDE 'IATRO$ SOFO$ THN TECNHN, 'H=
TIN' 'ALLHN TWN TOIOUTOTROPWN TECNWN 'EU KAI KALW$ DUNAITO
METACEIRIZESQAI, 'OUDENO$ "OTOU 'OUK 'AN4 'ENTIMOTERO$ 'EIH TWN
KATA TA$ 'OUSIA$ MEGISTWN KTHMATWN; "O DE DUNAMENO$ 'EU
BOULEUESQAI KAI 'AUTO$ "AUTOU PE=RI KAI "ETEROU, "OPW$ 'AN4 'ARISTA
PRATTOI, 'OUK 'AN4 'A=RA DUNAITO DIATIQESQAI, 'EIPER BOULOITO GE


<P 395A>
TOUTO PRATTEIN: "UPOLABWN DE-KAI "UPOBLEYA$ "O 'ERUXIA$,
"WSPER TI 'ADIKOUMENO$, SU GAR 'AN4, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EI DEOI
SE 'TALHQH LEGEIN, FAIH$ 'AN4 'EINAI KALLIOU TOU* "IPPONIKOU
PLOUSIWTERO$: KAITOI 'OUK 'AN4 'AMAQESTERO$ GE "OMOLOGHSAI$
'AN4 'EINAI PERI= 'OUDENO$ TWN MEGISTWN, 'ALLA= SOFWTERO$; KAI
'OUDEN MALLON DIA= TOUTO PLOUSIWTERO$ 'EI*. 'ISW$ GAR, 'H*N-D'-'EGW,
SU 'OIEI, 'W* 'ERUXIA, TOUTOUSI MEN TOU$ LOGOU$, "OU$ NUNI
<P 395B>
DIALEGOMEQA, 'EINAI PAIDIAN, 'EPEI 'OUK 'ALHQW$ GE "OUTW$ 'ECEIN,
'ALL' "WSPER 'EN THI PETTEIA\ 'EINAI PETTOU$, "OU$ 'EI TI$ FEROITO,
DUNAIT' 'AN4 TOU$ 'ANTIPAIZONTA$ POIEIN "HTTASQAI "OUTW$ "WSTE
MH 'ECEIN "OTI2 PRO$ TAUTA 'ANTIFERWSIN. 'ISW$ 'OUN-KAI PERI= TWN
PLOUSIWN 'OIEI MEN 'OUDEN TI MALLON "OUTW$ 'ECEIN, LOGOU$ DE
TINA$ 'EINAI TOIOUTOU$ 'OUDEN TI MALLON 'ALHQEI$ 'H= YEUDEI$, "OU$
LEGWN 'ANQRWPO$ PERIGIGNOIT' 'AN4 TWN 'ANTILEGONTWN0, "W$ "OI
SOFWTATOI KAI PLOUSIWTATOI "HMIN 'EISIN, KAI TAUTA MENTOI
<P 395C>
'AUTA YEUDH LEGWN 'ALHQH LEGONTWN0. KAI 'OUDEN MEN 'ISW$
QAUMASTON, "OMOIW$ "WSPER 'EI DU' 'ANQRWPW PERI= GRAMMATWN
LEGOITHN, "O MEN FASKWN TOU* SWKRATOU$ 'ARCEIN SIGMA, "O D'
"ETERO$ 'ALFA, "OUTO$ 'AN4 'EIH KREITTWN "O LOGO$ "O TOU* LEGONTO$
'ALFA 'H= TOU* FASKONTO$ SIGMA 'ARCEIN. PERIBLEYA$ DE PRO$
TOU$ PARONTA$ "O 'ERUXIA$, "AMA GELWN TE-KAI 'ERUQRIWN, "WSPER
'OU PARWN TOI$ 'EMPROSQEN LELEGMENOI$, 'EGW MEN, 'EFH, 'W*
<P 395D>
SWKRATE$, 'OU TOIOUTOU$ 'WIMHN DEIN TOU$ LOGOU$ 'EINAI "OI$
MHT' 'AN4 PEISAI0 DUNAITO TI$ MHDENA TWN PARONTWN0, MHT' 'AN4
'WFELHQEIH MHDEN 'AP' 'AUTWN % TI=$ GAR 'AN4 'ANQRWPWN POTE
PEISQEIH NOUN 'ECWN "W$ "OI SOFWTATOI "HMIN PLOUSIWTATOI:
'ALLA= MALLON, 'EPEIDH PERI= TOU* PLOUTEIN, DIALEGESQAI DEIN
"OPOQEN KALON 'ESTI PLOUTEIN KAI "OPOQEN 'AISCRON, KAI 'AUTO
TO PLOUSION 'EINAI "OPOION TI 'ESTIN, POTERON 'AGAQON 'H= KAKON?=
'EIEN, 'EFHN 'EGW; TOIGAROUN TO LOIPON DH FULAXOMEQA;
<P 395E>
KALW$ DE-KAI SU POIEI$ PARAINWN. 'ALLA= TI= 'OUK 'AUTO$,
'EPEIPER 'EISHGHI0 TON LOGON, 'EPECEIRHSA$ 'EIPEIN POTERON SOI4
DOKEI0 'AGAQON 'EINAI TO PLOUTEIN 'H= KAKON: 'EPEIDHPER "OI G'
'EMPROSQEN LOGOI 'OU PERI= TOUTOU DOKOUSI0 SOI4 'EIRHSQAI.
'EMOI4 MEN-TOINUN DOKEI0 'AGAQON 'EINAI, 'EFH, TO PLOUTEIN.
'ETI D' 'AUTOU4 TI BOULOMENOU LEGEIN, "UPOKROUSA$ "O KRITIA$,
SU GAR 'EIPE= MOI, 'W* 'ERUXIA, 'AGAQON "HGHI0 TO PLOUTEIN:
'EGWGE NH DI=A; 'H*-GAR 'AN4 MAINOIMHN. KAI 'OUDENA GE 'OIMAI
'EINAI "OSTI$ 'AN4 'OUC "OMOLOGHSEIEN TAUTA. KAI-MHN, 'EFH "O
"ETERO$, KAI 'EGW 'OIMAI 'OUDENA "ONTIN' 'OUK 'AN4 POIHSAI0 "OMOLOGEIN


<P 396A>
'EMOI4 'ENIOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ KAKON 'EINAI TO PLOUTEIN. 'OUK 'AN4 'OUN,
'EIPER 'AGAQON 'H*N, KAKON "HMWN 'ENIOI$ 'EFAINETO. 'EIPON 'OUN
'AUTOIN "OTI4 'EGW TOI "UMA$, 'EI MEN 'ETUGCANETE PERI= TOUTOU DIAFEROMENOI,
"OPOTERO$ "UMWN 'ALHQE=STERA LEGEI0 PERI= "IPPASIA$,
"OPW$ 'AN4 TI$ 'ARISTA "IPPEUOI, 'EI MEN 'AUTO$ 'ETUGCANON "IPPIKO$
'WN, 'AUTO$ 'AN4 "UMA$ 'EPEIRWMHN PAUEIN TH$ DIAFORA$ % 'HISCUNOMHN
GAR 'AN4 'EI PARWN MH KAQ' "OSON "OIO$-T'-'H*N 'EKWLUON
DIAFEROMENOU$ % 'H= 'EI PERI= "ETEROU "OUTINOSOUN DIAFEROMENOI
<P 396B>
MHDEN TI MALLON 'EMELLETE, 'EI MH "OMOLOGOITE TOUTI, MALLON
'ECQRW 'ANTI FILWN 'APALLAGHNAI; NU*N DE, 'EPEIDH TETUCHKATE
PERI= TOIOUTOU PRAGMATO$ DIAFEROMENW, "WI 'ANAGKH PROSCRHSQAI
PAR' "OLON TON BION, KAI MEGALW$ DIAFEREI0 POTERON
'EPIMELHTEON 'ESTIN TOUTOU "W$ 'WFELIMOU 'ONTO$ 'H= 'OU=, KAI TAUTA
'OU TWN FAULWN 'ALLA= TWN MEGISTWN DOKOUNTWN0 'EINAI TOI$
"ELLHSIN % "OI GOUN PATERE$ TOUTI PRWTON TOI$ SFETEROI$ "UESIN
<P 396C>
PARAINOUSIN0, 'EPEIDAN 'EI$ THN "HLIKIAN TACISTA 'AFIKWNTAI TOU*
'HDH FRONEIN, "W$ DOKOUSIN0, SKOPEIN "OPOQEN PLOUSIOI 'ESONTAI,
"W$, 'AN2 MEN TI 'ECHI$, 'AXIO$ TOU 'EI*, 'EA=N DE MH, 'OUDENO$ % 'EI 'OUN
SPOUDAZETAI MEN "OUTWSI SFO=DRA, "UMEI$ DE 'TALLA SUMFEROMENW,
PERI= TOUTOU "OUTWSI MEGALOU PRAGMATO$ DIAFERESQE0,
'ETI D' 'AU PRO$ TOUTOI$ PERI= TOU* PLOUTEIN DIAFERESQE0 'OUC
"OPOTERON MELAN 'H= LEUKON 'OUDE "OPOTERON KOUFON 'H= BARU, 'ALL'
"OPOTERON KAKON 'H= 'AGAQON, "W$ 'AN4 MALISTA KAI 'EI$ 'E=CQRAN
<P 396D>
KATASTHNAI0, 'EI TWN KAKWN TE-KAI 'AGAQWN PE=RI DIAFERESQE0,
KAI TAUTA MENTOI TA MALISTA FI=LW TE 'ONTE KAI SUGGENEI %
'EGW 'OUN, "OSON 'AN4 'EP' 'EMOI4 'HI, 'OU PERIOYOMAI "UMA$ 'AUTOU$
"AUTOI$ DIAFEROMENOU$; 'ALL' 'EI MEN 'AUTO$ "OIO$-T'-'H*2, FRASA$
'AN4 "UMIN "OPW$ 'ECEI0, 'EPAUSA TH$ DIAFORA$; NUNI D' 'EPEIDH
'AUTO$ MEN 'OU TUGCANW0 "OIO$-T'-'WN, "UMWN D' "EKATERO$ 'OIETAI
<P 396E>
"OIO$-T'-'EINAI "OMOLOGEIN POIHSAI0 TON "ETERON, "ETOIMO$ 'EIMI
SULLAMBANEIN KAQ' "OSON 'AN4 DUNWMAI, "INA DIOMOLOGHQHI "UMIN
"OPW$ 'ECEI0 TOUTO. SU 'OUN, 'EFHN, 'W* KRITIA, 'EPICEIREI5 POIHSAI0
"HMA$ "OMOLOGEIN, "WSPER "UPEDEXW. 'ALL', 'EFH, 'EGW MEN,
"WSPER 'HRXAMHN, 'ERUXIAN TOUTON "HDEW$ 'EROIMHN 'AN4 'EI DOKOUSIN0
'AUTWI 'EINAI 'ANQRWPOI 'ADIKOI KAI DIKAIOI. NH DI=A, 'EFH
'EKEINO$, KAI SFO=DRA MENTOI. TI= DE: TO 'ADIKEIN POTERON
KAKON SOI4 DOKEI0 'EINAI 'H= 'AGAQON: KAKON 'EMOIGE. DOKEI0 D'
'AN4 SOI4 'ANQRWPO$, 'EI MOICEUOI TA$ TWN PELA$ GUNAIKA$ 'EP'
'ARGURIWI, 'ADIKEIN 'AN4 'H= 'OU=: KAI TAUTA MENTOI-KAI TH$ POLEW$
KAI TWN NOMWN KWLUONTWN0: 'ADIKEIN 'AN4 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
'OUKOU*N, 'EFH, 'EI MEN PLOUSIO$ TUGCANOI 'WN KAI 'ARGURION
DUNATO$ 'ANALWSAI0 "O 'ADIKO$ TE 'ANQRWPO$ KAI "O BOULOMENO$,


<P 397A>
'EXAMARTANOI 'AN4; 'EI DE-GE MH "UPARCOI PLOUSIWI 'EINAI TW*I
'ANQRWPWI 'OUK 'ECWN "OPOQEN 'ANALISKOI, 'OUD' 'AN4 DIAPRATTESQAI
DUNAITO "A BOULETAI, "WST' 'OUK 'AN4 'OUDE 'EXAMARTANOI. DIO KAI
LUSITELOI 'AN4 TW*I 'ANQRWPWI MALLON MH 'EINAI PLOUSIWI, 'EIPER
"HTTON DIAPRAXETAI "A BOULETAI, BOULETAI DE MOCQHRA. KAI
PALIN 'AU TO NOSEIN POTERON 'AN4 FAIH$ KAKON 'H= 'AGAQON 'EINAI:
KAKON 'EGWGE. TI= DE: DOKOUSI0 TINE$ SOI4 'AKRATEI$ 'EINAI
<P 397B>
'ANQRWPOI: 'EMOIGE. 'OUKOU*N 'EI BELTION 'EIH PRO$ "UGIEIAN
TOUTWI TW*I 'ANQRWPWI 'APECESQAI SITWN KAI POTWN KAI TWN
'ALLWN TWN "HDEWN DOKOUNTWN0 'EINAI, "O DE MH "OIO$-T'-'EIH DI' 'AKRATEIAN,
BELTION 'AN4 'EIH TOUTWI TW*I 'ANQRWPWI MH "UPARCEIN "OPOQEN
'EKPORIEITAI TAUTA, MALLON 'H= POLLHN PERIOUSIAN 'EINAI TWN
'EPITHDEIWN: "OUTW GAR 'AN4 'AUTWI 'OUK 'EXOUSIA 'EIH 'EXAMARTANEIN,
'OUD' 'EI SFO=DRA BOULOITO.
'EDOKEI 'OUN 'EU KAI KALW$ DIEILECQAI "O KRITIA$ "OUTW$, "WST'
<P 397C>
'EI MH 'HISCUNETO TOU$ PARONTA$ "O 'ERUXIA$, 'OUDEN 'AUTON 'EKWLUEN
'ANASTANTA TUPTEIN TON KRITIAN; "OUTW$ 'WIETO MEGALOU TINO$
'ESTERHSQAI, 'EPEI 'AUTWI FANERON 'EGENETO "OTI4 'OUK 'ORQW$ TO
PROTERON 'EDOXAZE PERI= TOU* PLOUTEIN. KATAMAQWN D' 'EGW
"OUTW$ 'ECONTA TON 'ERUXIAN, KAI 'EULABOUMENO$ MH PORRWTERW
TI$ LOIDORIA KAI 'ENANTIWSI$ GENOITO, TOUTONI MEN TON LOGON,
'EFHN 'EGW, PRWIHN 'EN LUKEIWI 'ANHR SOFO$ LEGWN PRODIKO$ "O
<P 397D>
KEIO$ 'EDOKEI TOI$ PAROUSI FLUAREIN "OUTW$, "WSTE MHDENA DUNASQAI
PEISAI0 TWN PARONTWN0 "W$ 'ALHQH LEGEI0. KAI-DHTA-KAI
MEIRAKION TI SFO=DRA NEON PROSELQON KAI STWMULON,
PROSKAQIZOMENON, KATEGELA TE-KAI 'ECLEUAZEN KAI 'ESEIEN 'AUTON,
BOULOMENON LOGON LAMBANEIN "WN 'ELEGEN; KAI-MENTOI-KAI POLU
MALLON 'EUDOKIMHSE PARA TOI$ 'AKROWMENOI$ 'HPER "O PRODIKO$.
'A*R'-'OUN, 'EFH "O 'ERASISTRATO$, 'ECOI$ 'AN4 "HMIN 'APAGGEILAI0
<P 397E>
TON LOGON: PANU MEN-'OUN, 'EA=N 'A=RA 'ANAMNHSQW. "WDI GAR
PW$, "W$ 'EGWIMAI, 'EICEN.
'HRWTA GAR 'AUTON TO MEIRAKION PW*$ 'OIETAI KAKON 'EINAI TO
PLOUTEIN, KAI "OPW$ 'AGAQON. "O D' "UPOLABWN, "WSPER KAI SU
NUNDH, 'EFH, TOI$ MEN KALOI$ 'KAGAQOI$ TWN 'ANQRWPWN 'AGAQON,
KAI TOI$ 'EPISTAMENOI$ "OPOU DEI CRHSQAI TOI$ CRHMASI, TOUTOI$
MEN 'AGAQON, TOI$ DE MOCQHROI$ KAI 'ANEPISTHMOSIN KAKON.
'ECEI0 D', 'EFH, KAI 'TALLA PRAGMATA "OUTW PANTA; "OPOIOI GAR
'AN4 TINE$ 'WSIN "OI CRWMENOI, TOIAUTA KAI TA PRAGMATA 'AUTOI$
'ANAGKH 'EINAI. KALW$ D', 'EFH, DOKEI0 MOI KAI TO TOU* 'ARCILOCOU
PEPOIHSQAI %
KAI9 FRONEUSI90 TOI*'9 "OKOIOI$9 'EGKUREWSIN9 'ERGMASIN9.


<P 398A>
NU*N 'A=R', 'EFH TO MEIRAKION, 'EI TI$ 'EME SOFON POIOI* TAUTHN
THN SOFIAN "HN "OI 'AGAQOI 'ANDRE$ SOFOI 'EISIN, "AMA 'ANAGKH
KAI TA 'A=LLA PRAGMAT' 'AUTON 'AGAQA 'EMOI4 POIEIN, PRO$ MEN
'AUTA 'EKEINA MHDEN PRAGMATEUSAMENON, "OTI4 DE ME 'ANT' 'AMAQOU$
SOFON PEPOIHKEN0 'A=RA; "WSPER 'EI TI$ 'EME NUNI GRAMMATIKON
POIHSEIEN, 'ANAGKH 'AUTON KAI 'TALLA PRAGMATA GRAMMATIKA
'EMOI4 POIEIN, KAI 'EI MOUSIKON, MOUSIKA, "WSPER "OTAN 'AGAQON 'EME
<P 398B>
POIHSHI6, "AMA 'AGAQA KAI TA PRAGMATA PEPOIHKENAI MOI. 'OU-MENTOI
TAUTA GE SUNEFH "O PRODIKO$ 'ALL' 'EKEINA MEN "WMOLOGEI.
POTERON DE SOI4 DOKEI0, 'EFH, "WSPER 'OIKIAN POIEIN 'ANQRWPOU
'ERGON 'EINAI, "OUTW KAI PRAGMATA 'AGAQA POIEIN: 'H= 'ANAGKH,
"OPOI*' 'ATT' 'AN4 THN 'ARCHN GENWNTAI, 'EI=TE KAKA 'EI=TE 'AGAQA,
TOIAUTA DIATELEIN0 'ONTA 'AUTA: "UPOPTEUSA$ DE MOI DOKEI0
"O PRODIKO$ "HI 'EMELLEN "O LOGO$ CWRHSESQAI 'AUTWN, SFO=DRA
<P 398C>
PANOURGW$, "INA MH PANTWN TWN7 PARONTWN0 'ENANTION FAINOITO
'EXELEGCOMENO$ "UPO TOU* MEIRAKIOU % MONWI MEN-GAR "AUTWI TOUTO
PAQEIN 'OUDEN 'WIETO DIAFEREIN % 'EFH 'ANQRWPOU 'ERGON 'EINAI.
POTERON DE SOI4, 'EFH, DOKEI0 'EINAI DIDAKTON "H 'ARETH 'H= 'EMFUTON:
DIDAKTON, 'EFH, 'EMOIGE. 'OUKOU*N, 'EFH, 'AN4 DOKEI0 SOI4 'HLIQIO$
'EINAI 'EI TI$ 'OIOITO TOI$ QEOI$ 'EUCOMENO$ GRAMMATIKO$ 'AN4 GENESQAI
'H= MOUSIKO$, 'H= "ETERAN TINA 'EPISTHMHN LABEIN "HN 'ANAGKH
<P 398D>
MAQONTA PAR' "ETEROU 'H= 'AUTON 'EXEURONTA KTHSASQAI: SUNEFH
KAI TAUTA. 'OUKOU*N, 'EFH TO MEIRAKION, SU, 'W* PRODIKE, "OTAN
'EUCHI3 TOI$ QEOI$ 'EU PRATTEIN KAI 'AGAQA SOI4 'EINAI, TO=TE 'OUDEN
"ETERON 'EUCHI0 'H= KALO$ 'KAGAQO$ GENESQAI, 'EIPER GE TOI$ MEN
KALOI$ 'KAGAQOI$ TWN 'ANQRWPWN KAI TA PRAGMATA TUGCANEI0
'AGAQA 'ONTA, TOI$ DE FAULOI$ MOCQHRA. 'EIPER 'OUN TUGCANEI0
"H 'ARETH DIDAKTO$ 'OUSA, 'OUDEN "ETERON FAINOIO 'AN4 'EUCOMENO$
'H= DIDACQHNAI "A 'OUK 'EPISTASAI. 'EIPON 'OUN 'EGW PRO$ TON
<P 398E>
PRODIKON "OTI4 MOI DOKEI0 'OUCI FAULON PRAGMA PEPONQENAI, 'EI
TUGCANEI0 TOUTOU DIHMARTHKW$, 'EI 'OIETAI "HMIN PARA TWN QEWN
"A 'EUCOMEQA GENESQAI 'AN4 KAI "AMA; 'EI KAI SU "EKASTOTE
SPOUDHI BADIZWN 'EI$ POLIN, PROSEUCOMENO$ 'AITEI$ PARA TWN
QEWN DOUNAI0 SOI4 'AGAQA, 'OU-MENTOI 'OISQA 'EI "OIOI-TE SOI4 'EKEINOI
TAUTA DOUNAI0 "A SU TUGCANEI$ 'AITOUMENO$, "WSPER 'AN4 'EI PRO$
TA$ TOU* GRAMMATISTOU FOITWN QURA$ 'ANTIBOLOIH$ SOI4 DOUNAI0
GRAMMATIKHN 'EPISTHMHN MHDEN 'ALLO PRAGMATEUSAMENWI, 'ALLA=
"HNTINA LABWN PARACRHMA KAI DUNHSHI2 PRATTEIN TA TOU*
GRAMMATISTOU 'ERGA.
TAUTA 'EMOU4 LEGONTO$ "O PRODIKO$ 'ANTANHGETO PRO$ TO
MEIRAKION, "W$ 'AMUNOUMENO$ KAI 'EPIDEIXWN TAUTA "APER


<P 399A>
SU NUNDH, 'AGANAKTWN 'EI FAINOITO MATHN TOI$ QEOI$ 'EUCOMENO$.
'EITA PROSELQWN "O GUMNASIARCO$ 'APALLATTESQAI
'AUTON 'EK TOU* GUMNASIOU 'EKELEUEN "W$ 'OUK 'EPITH=DEIA TOI$
NEOI$ DIALEGOMENON, 'EI DE MH 'EPITH=DEIA, DHLON "OTI4
MOCQHRA.
TOUTOU DH SOI4 "ENEKA TAUTA DIHLQON, "INA QEASAIO "W$
'ECOUSIN0 "OI 'ANQRWPOI PRO$ THN FILOSOFIAN. 'EI MEN-GE PRODIKO$
PARHN LEGWN TAUTA, MAINESQAI TOI$ PAROUSIN 'EDOKEI 'AN4
<P 399B>
"OUTW$, "WSTE KAI 'EKBLHQHNAI 'EK TOU* GUMNASIOU, SU DE NUNI
"OUTW SFO=DRA DOKEI$ 'EU DIEILECQAI, "WSTE 'OU MONON TOU$
PARONTA$ PEISAI0, 'ALLA=-KAI TON 'ANTILEGONTA POIHSAI0 "OMOLOGEIN
SOI4; DHLON "OTI4 "WSPER 'EN TOI$ DIKASTHRIOI$, 'EI DU' 'ANQRWPOI
TUCOIEN THN 'AUTHN MARTURIAN MARTUROUNTE$, "O MEN KALO$
'KAGAQO$ DOKWN 'EINAI, "O DE MOCQHRO$, DIA= THN TOU* MOCQHROU
MARTURIAN 'OUDEN 'AN4 TI MALLON "OI DIKASTAI PEISQEIHSAN, 'ALLA=
TUCON KAI 'TANANTIA POIHSEIAN; 'EI D' "O KALO$ 'KAGAQO$ DOKWN
<P 399C>
TAUTA FHSEIE, KAI SFO=DR' 'AN4 DOKOI TAUTA 'ALHQH 'EINAI. 'ISW$
'OUN-KAI "OI PARONTE$ TOIOUTON TI PEPONQASIN PRO$ SE KAI PRODIKON;
TON MEN SOFISTHN KAI 'ALAZONA "HGOUNTO 'EINAI, SE DE
POLITIKON TE-KAI 'ANDRA KAI POLLOU 'AXION. 'EITA 'OIONTAI DEIN MH
'AUTON TON LOGON QEWREIN, 'ALLA= TOU$ LEGONTA$, "OPOIOI TINE$
'AN4 'WSIN. 'ALLA=-MENTOI, 'EFH "O 'ERASISTRATO$, 'W* SWKRATE$,
'EI KAI SKWPTWN LEGEI$, FAINESQAI 'EMOIGE DOKEI0 "O KRITIA$
LEGWN TI. 'ALLA= MA DI=', 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'OUD' "OPWSTIOUN. 'ALLA=
<P 399D>
TI= 'OUK, 'EPEI TAUTA 'EU KAI KALW$ DIEILECQON, 'OU-KAI TA LOIPA
TOU* LOGOU 'EPETELESATHN: DOKEI0 DE MOI "UMIN 'EPILOIPON TI
'EINAI TH$ SKEYEW$, 'EPEIDH TOUTO GE 'EDOKEI "OMOLOGEISQAI, TOI$
MEN 'AGAQON 'EINAI, TOI$ DE KAKON; LOIPON DH SKEYASQAI TI=
'ESTIN 'AUTO TO PLOUTEIN. 'EI GAR MH TOUTO PRWTON 'EISESQE,
'OUD' 'AN4 "OPOTERON KAKON 'ESTIN 'H= 'AGAQON DUNAISQE SUNOMOLOGHSAI0.
<P 399E>
"ETOIMO$ D' "UMIN KAI 'EGW, KAQ' "OSON "OIO$-T' 'AN4 'W*2,
SUNDIASKOPEISQAI. FRASATW 'OUN "HMIN "O FASKWN TO PLOUTEIN
'AGAQON 'EINAI, TOUTOU PE=RI "OPW$ TUGCANEI0 'ECWN. 'ALL' 'EGW
MEN, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OUDEN TI PERITTOTERON TWN 'ALLWN
'ANQRWPWN TO PLOUTEIN LEGW0 'EINAI; TO GAR CRHMATA POLLA
KEKTHSQAI, TOUTO 'EINAI TO PLOUTEIN; 'OIMAI DE-KAI KRITIAN
TOUTON 'OUC "ETERON TI TO PLOUTEIN 'OIESQAI 'EINAI. 'ETI MEN-'A=RA,
'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'KAN4 "OUTW$ "UPOLOIPON 'EIH SKEYASQAI "OPOI*A
'ESTI CRHMATA, "INA MH 'OLIGON "USTERON PERI= TOUTOU 'AU PALIN
FAINHSQON DIAFEROMENW. 'AUTIKA GAR "OUTOI KARCHDONIOI


<P 400A>
NOMISMATI CRWNTAI0 TOIWIDE; 'EN DERMATIWI SMIKRWI 'APODEDETAI
"OSON GE STATHRO$ TO MEGEQO$ MALISTA, "OTI2 DE 'ESTIN TO
'ENAPODEDEMENON, 'OUDEI$ GIGNWSKEI0, 'EI MH "OI POIOUNTE$; 'EITA
KATESFRAGISMENWI TOUTWI NOMIZOUSIN0, KAI "O PLEISTA TOIAUTA
KEKTHMENO$, "OUTO$ PLEISTA DOKEI0 CRHMATA KEKTHSQAI KAI
PLOUSIWTATO$ 'EINAI. 'EI DE TI$ PAR' "HMIN PLEISTA TOIAUTA
KEKTHMENO$-'EIH, 'OUDEN 'AN4 MALLON PLOUSIO$ 'EIH 'H= 'EI YHFOU$
POLLA$ TWN 'EK TOU* 'OROU$ 'ECOI. 'EN DE LAKEDAIMONI SIDHRWI
<P 400B>
STAQMWI NOMIZOUSIN0, KAI TAUTA MENTOI TW*I 'ACREIWI TOU* SIDHROU;
KAI "O POLUN STAQMON SIDHROU TOU* TOIOUTOU KEKTHMENO$
PLOUSIO$ DOKEI0 'EINAI, "ETERWQI D' 'OUDENO$ 'AXION TO KTHMA.
'EN DE THI 'AIQIOPIA\ LIQOI$ 'EGGEGLUMMENOI$ CRWNTAI0, "OI$ 'OUDEN
'AN4 'ECOI CRHSASQAI LAKWNIKO$ 'ANHR. 'EN DE SKUQAI$ TOI$
NOMASIN 'EI TI$ THN POULUTIWNO$ 'OIKIAN KEKTHMENO$-'EIH,
'OUDEN 'AN4 PLOUSIWTERO$ DOKOI 'EINAI 'H= 'EI PAR' "HMIN TON LUKABHTTON.
<P 400C>
DHLON 'OUN "OTI4 'OUK 'AN4 'EIH "EKASTA GE TOUTWN KTHMATA,
'EIPER 'ENIOI TWN KEKTHMENWN MHDEN DIA= TOUTO PLOUSIWTEROI
FAINONTAI. 'ALL' 'ESTIN, 'EFHN, "EKASTA TOUTWN 'ONTA TOI$ MEN
CRHMATA TE-KAI PLOUSIOI "OI TAUTA KEKTHMENOI, TOI$ DE 'OUTE
CRHMATA 'OUTE PLOUSIWTEROI DIA= TOUTO, "WSPER GE-'OUDE KALA
TE-KAI 'AISCRA PASIN TA 'AUTA, 'ALL' "E=TERA "ETEROI$. 'EI DH
BOULOIMEQA 'EPISKEYASQAI TI= DH POTE TOI$ MEN SKUQAI$ "AI
<P 400D>
'OIKIAI 'OU CRHMATA 'EISIN, "HMIN DE, 'H= TOI$ KARCHDONIOI$ MEN
TA DERMATA, "HMIN D' 'OU=, 'H= TOI$ LAKEDAIMONIOI$ "O SIDHRO$
CRHMATA, "HMIN D' 'OU=, 'A*R' 'AN4 "OUTWSI MALISTA 'EXEUROIMEN:
'AUTIKA 'EI TI$ 'AQHNHSI TOUTWN TWN LIQWN TWN 'EN THI 'AGORA*I,
"OI$ 'OUDEN CRWMEQA0, KEKTHMENO$-'EIH CI=LIA TALANTA STAQMON,
'ESTIN "OTI2 'AN4 PLOUSIWTERO$ NOMIZOITO 'EINAI DIA= TOUTO: 'OUK
'EMOIGE FAINETAI. 'ALL' 'EI TOU* LUCNITOU LIQOU KEKTHMENO$-'EIH
TA CI=LIA TALANTA, KAI SFO=DRA PLOUSION FAIHMEN 'EINAI
<P 400E>
'AN4: PANU GE. 'A*RA-GE, 'EFHN, DIA= TOUTO, "OTI4 TO MEN CRHSIMON,
TO D' 'ACREION "HMIN 'ESTI: NAI. 'EPEI KAI 'EN TOI$
SKUQAI$ TOUTOU "ENEKA 'AUTOI$ 'OIKIAI 'OU CRHMATA 'ESTIN, "OTI4
'OUDEMIA 'AUTOI$ CREIA 'OIKIA$ 'ESTIN; 'OUD' 'AN4 PROTIMHSEIEN
SKUQH$ 'ANHR 'OIKIAN "AUTWI THN KALLISTHN 'EINAI MALLON 'HPER
SISURAN DERMATINHN, "OTI4 TO MEN CRHSIMON, TO D' 'ACREION
'AUTWI 'ESTIN. 'AUQI$ 'AU "HMIN TO KARCHDONION NOMISMA 'OUK
'OIOMEQA CRHMATA 'EINAI; 'OU-GAR 'ESTIN "OTI2 'AN4 'AUTOU2 KOMISAIMEQA
"OSWN DEOMEQA, "WSPER TW*I 'ARGURIWI, "WST' 'ACREION 'AN4
"HMIN 'EIH. 'EIKO$ GE. "OSA MEN-'A=RA TUGCANEI0 CRHSIMA
'ONTA "HMIN, TAUTA CRHMATA; KAI "OSA D' 'ACREI*A, TAUTA D' 'OU
CRHMATA. PW*$ 'OUN, 'EFH "O 'ERUXIA$ "UPOLABWN, 'W* SWKRATE$:


<P 401A>
'H* 'ESTIN "OTI2 CRWMEQA0 PRO$ 'ALLHLOU$ TW*I DIALEGESQAI KAI TW*I
BLAPTEIN KAI "ETEROI$ POLLOI$: 'A*RA "HMIN TAUT' 'AN4 'EIH TA8
CRHMATA: KAI-MHN CRHSIMA GE FAINETAI 'ONTA. 'OUK 'AU 'OUD'
"OUTW$ 'EFAINETO "HMIN "OTI2 POT 'ESTIN TA CRHMATA. "OTI4 MEN-GAR
'ANAGKH CRHSIMA 'EINAI, 'EANPER MELLHI5 CRHMATA 'ESESQAI,
TOUTO MEN 'EK PANTWN "WMOLOGEITO SCEDON TI; 'ALLA= POI*A DH
TWN CRHSIMWN, 'EPEIDH GE 'OU PANTA: FERE DH, 'EI PALIN "WDE
<P 401B>
METIOIMEN, 'A*RA MALLON TI "EUREQEIH "O= ZHTOUMEN, TI= POT' 'ESTIN
"O= CRWMEQA0 CRHMASIN, KAI PRO$ TI= "HURHTAI "H TWN CRHMATWN
KTHSI$, "WSPER TA FARMAKA PRO$ TO TA$ NOSOU$ 'APALLATTEIN:
'ISW$ GAR 'AN4 "HMIN "OUTW$ MALLON FANERON GENOITO. 'EPEIDH
'ANAGKAION MEN FAINETAI, "OSAPER TUGCANEI0 CRHMATA 'ONTA,
TAUTA KAI CRHSIMA 'EINAI, TWN DE CRHSIMWN GENO$ TI "O= KALOUMEN0
CRHMATA, LOIPON 'AN4 'EIH SKEYASQAI TA PRO$ TI=NA
CREIAN CRHSIMA CRHSQAI CRHMATA 'ESTIN. PANTA MEN-GAR
<P 401C>
'ISW$ CRHSIMA, "OSOISPER PRO$ THN 'ERGASIAN CRWMEQA0, "WSPER
GE PANTA MEN TA YUCHN 'ECONTA ZWIA, TWN DE ZWIWN GENO$ TI
KALOUMEN0 'ANQRWPON. 'EI DH TI$ "HMA$ 'EROITO TI=NO$ 'AN4 "HMIN
'EKPODWN GENOMENOU 'OUDEN DEOIMEQA 'IATRIKH$ 'OUDE TWN TAUTH$
'ERGALEIWN, 'ECOIMEN 'AN4 'EIPEIN "OTI4 'EI "AI NOSOI 'APALLAGEIHSAN
'EK TWN SWMATWN KAI MH GIGNOINTO PANTAPASIN, 'H= GIGNOMENAI
PARACRHMA 'APALLATTOINTO. 'ESTIN 'A=RA "W$ 'EOIKEN0, "H 'IATRIKH
TWN 'EPISTHMWN "H PRO$ TOUTO CRHSIMH, PRO$ TO NOSOU$
<P 401D>
'APALLATTEIN. 'EI DE TI$ "HMA$ PALIN 'EROITO TI=NO$ 'AN4 "HMIN
'APALLAGENTO$ 'OUDEN DEOIMEQA CRHMATWN, 'A*R' 'AN4 'ECOIMEN
'EIPEIN: 'EI DE MH, PALIN "WDI SKOPWMEQA; FERE, 'EI "OIO$-TE-'EIH
ZHN 'ANQRWPO$ 'ANEU SITWN KAI POTWN, KAI MH PEINWI MHDE
DIYWI, 'ESQ' "OTI2 'AN4 'H= 'AUTWN TOUTWN DEOITO 'H= 'ARGURIOU 'H= "ETEROU
TINO$ "INA TAUTA 'EKPORIZHTAI: 'OUK 'EMOIGE DOKEI0. 'OUKOU*N-KAI
'TALLA KATA TON 'AUTON TROPON; 'EI MH DEOIMEQA PRO$ THN
TOU* SWMATO$ QERAPEIAN "WN NU*N 'ENDEEI$ 'ESMEN, KAI 'ALEA$
<P 401E>
KAI YUCOU$ 'ENIOTE, KAI TWN 'ALLWN "OSWN TO SWMA 'ENDEE$
GIGNOMENON PROSDEITAI, 'ACRHST' 'AN4 "HMIN 'EIH TA KALOUMENA0
CRHMATA, 'EI MHDEI$ GE PANTAPASIN MHDENO$ DEOITO TOUTWN "WN
"ENEKEN NUNI BOULOMEQA CRHMATA "HMIN 'EINAI, "INA 'EXIKOIMEQA
PRO$ TA$ 'EPIQUMIA$ KAI TA$ 'ENDEIA$ TOU* SWMATO$, "WN 'AN4
"EKASTOTE DEWMEQA. 'EI D' 'ESTIN 'A=RA PRO$ TOUTO CRHSIMON "H
TWN CRHMATWN KTHSI$, PRO$ THN TOU* SWMATO$ QERAPEIAN TWN
'ENDEIWN, 'EI GOUN "HMIN TOUTO 'EK MESOU 'ANAIREQEIH, 'OUDEN 'AN4
DEOIMEQA CRHMATWN, 'ISW$ D' 'AN4 'OUD' 'EIH PANTAPASIN CRHMATA.
FAINETAI. FAINETAI 'A=RA "HMIN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, TA PRO$ TAUTHN
THN PRAGMATEIAN CRHSIMA TWN PRAGMATWN TAUTA 'EINAI CRHMATA.
SUNEFH MEN TAUTA 'EINAI CRHMATA, 'OU-MHN-'ALL'
'ETARATTE GE 'AUTON SFO=DRA TO LOGIDION. TI= DE TA TOIADE:


<P 402A>
POTERON 'AN4 FHSAIMEN "OION-TE-'EINAI 'TAUTON PRAGMA PRO$ THN
'AUTHN 'ERGASIAN TOTE= MEN CRHSIMON 'EINAI, TOTE= DE 'ACREION:
'OUK 'EGWG' 'AN4 FAIHN, 'ALL' 'EI TI DEOIMEQA TOUTOU PRO$ THN 'AUTHN
'ERGASIAN, KAI CRHSIMON MOI DOKEI0 'EINAI; 'EI DE MH, 'OU=
'OUKOU*N 'EI 'ANEU PURO$ "OIOI-TE-'EIMEN 'ANDRIANTA CALKOUN 'ERGASASQAI,
'OUDEN 'AN4 DEOIMEQA PURO$ PRO$ GE THN TOUTOU 'ERGASIAN;
'EI DE MH DEOIMEQA, 'OUD' 'AN4 CRHSIMON "HMIN 'EIH. "O 'AUTO$
<P 402B>
DE LOGO$ KAI PERI= TWN 'ALLWN. FAINETAI. 'OUKOU*N "OSWN
'A=NEU "OION-TE GIGNESQAI TI, 'OUDEN 'AN4 TOUTWN "HMIN 'OUDE CRHSIMON
FAINOITO PRO$ GE TOUTO. 'OU-GAR. 'OUKOU*N 'EI POTE
FAINOIMEQA "OIOI-TE-'ONTE$ 'ANEU 'ARGURIOU KAI CRUSIOU KAI TWN
'ALLWN TWN TOIOUTWN, "OI$ MH 'AUTOI$ CRWMEQA0 PRO$ TO SWMA,
"WSPER SITIOI$ KAI POTOI$ KAI "IMATIOI$ KAI STRWMASIN KAI
'OIKIAI$, PAUEIN TA$ TOU* SWMATO$ 'ENDEIA$, "WSTE MHKETI DEISQAI,
'OUK 'AN4 "HMIN 'OUDE CRHSIMA FAINOITO PRO$ GE TOUTO 'ARGURION
<P 402C>
TE-KAI CRUSION KAI 'TALLA TA TOIAUTA, 'EIPER POTE KAI 'ANEU
TOUTWN "OION-TE GIGNESQAI. 'OU-GAR. 'OUK 'AN4 'A=RA-'OUDE CRHMATA
"HMIN TAUTA FANEIH, 'EI MHDEN CRHSIMA; 'ALLA= TAUT' 'AN4
'EIH "OI$ TA CRHSIMA "OIOI-T'-'ESMEN 'EKPORIZESQAI. 'W* SWKRATE$,
'OUK 'AN4 POTE DUNAIMHN TOUTO PEISQHNAI, "W$ TO CRUSION
KAI TO 'ARGURION KAI 'TALLA TA TOIAUTA 'OUK 'A=RA CRHMATA
"HMIN 'ESTIN. 'EKEINO MEN-GAR SFO=DRA PEPEISMAI, "W$ TA GE
'ACREI*A "HMIN 'ONTA 'OUDE CRHMATA 'ESTIN, KAI "OTI4 TWN CRHSIMWTATWN
<P 402D>
'ESTIN PRO$ TOUTO CRHMATA TA CRHSIMA; 'OU-MHN
TOUTO GE, "W$ TAUTA 'OU CRHSIMA "HMIN TUGCANEI0 'ONTA PRO$ TON
BION, 'EIPER GE TOUTOI$ TA 'EPITH=DEIA 'EKPORIZOIMEQA. FERE
DH, PW*$ 'AN4 TA TOIAUTA FHSAIMEN: 'A*R' 'EISIN TINE$ 'ANQRWPOI
"OITINE$ MOUSIKHN PAIDEUOUSIN0 'H= GRAMMATA 'H= "ETERAN TINA
'EPISTHMHN, "OI=4 'ANTI TOUTWN SFISIN-'AUTOI$ TA 'EPITH=DEIA 'EKPORIZONTAI,
TOUTWN MISQON PRATTOMENOI: 'EISI GAR. 'OUKOU*N
<P 402E>
"OUTOI "OI 'ANQRWPOI TAUTHI THI 'EPISTHMHI 'AN4 'EKPORIZOINTO TA
'EPITH=DEIA, 'ANTI TAUTH$ 'ALLATTOMENOI, "WSPER "HMEI$ 'ANTI TOU*
CRUSIOU KAI 'ARGURIOU. FHMI. 'OUKOU*N 'EIPER TOUTWI 'EKPORIZONTAI
"OI$ PRO$ TON BION CRWNTAI0, 'KAN4 'AUTO CRHSIMON 'EIH
PRO$ TON BION. KAI-GAR 'TARGURION TOUTOU "ENEKA CRHSIMON
'EFAMEN 'EINAI, "OTI4 "OIOI-T'-'HMEN 'AUTWI 'TANAGKAIA PRO$ TO SWMA
'EKPORIZESQAI. "OUTW$, 'EFH. 'OUKOU*N 'EIPER "AUTAI "AI 'EPISTHMAI
TWN CRHSIMWN PRO$ TOUTO, FAINONTAI "HMIN "AI 'EPISTHMAI
CRHMATA 'OUSAI DIA= THN 'AUTHN 'AITIAN DI' "HNPER TO CRUSION
TE-KAI TO 'ARGURION. DHLON DE "OTI4 KAI "OI TAUTA$ KEKTHMENOI
PLOUSIWTEROI. 'OLIGON DE PROTERON "OUTW CALEPW$ 'APEDECOMEQA
TON LOGON, 'EI "OUTOI PLOUSIWTATOI. 'ANAGKAION D' 'AN4 'EIH


<P 403A>
KAI 'EK TOU* NU*N "WMOLOGHMENOU TOUTO SUMBAINEIN, 'ENIOTE TOU$
'EPISTHMONESTEROU$ PLOUSIWTEROU$ 'EINAI. 'EI GAR TI$ "HMA$
'EROITO 'A*RA PANTI 'ANQRWPWI 'OIOMEQA CRHSIMON 'EINAI "IPPON,
'A*RA FAIH$ 'AN4: 'H= TOI$ MEN 'EPISTHMOSIN "OPW$ DEI "IPPWI CRHSQAI
CRHSIMON 'AN4 'EIH, TOI$ 'ANEPISTHMOSI D' 'OU=: FAIHN 'AN4.
'OUKOU*N, 'EFHN, KATA TON 'AUTON LOGON 'OUDE FARMAKON PANTI
'ANQRWPWI CRHSIMON 'EINAI, 'ALLA= TOUTWI "OSTI$ TUGCANEI0 'EIDW$
"W$ DEI CRHSASQAI 'AUTWI: FHMI. 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'TALLA PANTA
<P 403B>
"OMOIW$: 'EOIKEN0. CRUSION 'A=RA-KAI 'ARGURION KAI 'TALLA TA
DOKOUNTA CRHMATA 'EINAI TOUTWI 'AN4 MONWI CRHSIMA 'EIH, "OSTI$
TUGCANEI0 'EPISTAMENO$ "W$ CRHSTEON 'AUTOI$. "OUTW$. 'OUKOU*N
PROTERON 'EDOKEI TOU* KALOU 'KAGAQOU 'ANQRWPOU 'EINAI
'EIDENAI "OPOU TE-KAI "OPW$ TOUTWN "EKASTOI$ CRHSTEON 'ESTIN:
FHMI. TOI$ 'A=RA KALOI$ 'KAGAQOI$ TWN 'ANQRWPWN, TOUTOI$ 'AN4
MONOI$ KAI CRHSIMA TAUT' 'EIH, 'EIPER GE "OUTOI 'EPISTHMONE$ "W$
CRHSTEON. 'EI DE TOUTOI$ MONON CRHSIMON, TOUTOI$ 'AN4 MONOI$
KAI CRHMATA 'EINAI TAUTA FAINOITO. 'ATAR, "W$ 'EOIKE0, KAI TON
<P 403C>
'ANEPISTHMONA "IPPIKH$, KEKTHMENON DE "IPPOU$ "OI=4 TUGCANOUSIN0
'AUTWI 'ACREIOI 'ONTE$, 'EI TI$ TOUTON "IPPIKON POIHSEIEN, 'A*RA 'AN4
"AMA KAI PLOUSIWTERON PEPOIHKW$-'EIH, 'EIPER GE 'AUTWI "A 'ETUGCANEN
PROSQEN 'ACREI*A 'ONTA, CRHSIMA PEPOIHKEN0; 'EPISTHMHN
GAR TINA PARADIDOU$ TW*I 'ANQRWPWI "AMA KAI PLOUSION 'AUTON
PEPOIHKEN0. FAINETAI GE. "OMW$ DE MOI 'KAN4 DIOMOSASQAI
DOKW0 "UPER KRITIOU, "UPO MHDENO$ TOUTWN TWN LOGWN PEPEISQAI.
NH DI=A; KAI-GAR, 'EFH, MAINOIMHN 'AN4, 'EI TAUTA
<P 403D>
PEIQOIMHN. 'ALLA= TI= 'OUK 'EKEINON TON LOGON DIETELESA$, "W$
TA DOKOUNTA 'OUK 'ESTIN CRHMATA, CRUSION KAI 'ARGURION KAI
'TALLA TA TOIAUTA: "W$ 'EGW PANU SFO=DRA TOUTOU$ TOU$ LOGOU$
'AKROWMENO$, "OU$ KAI SU NU*N TUGCANEI$ DH DIEXIWN, 'AGAMAI.
'EIPON 'OUN 'EGW "OTI4 MOI DOKEI$ SU, 'W* KRITIA, "OUTW$ 'EMOU4 CAIREIN
'AKROWMENO$, "WSPER TWN "RAYWIDWN "OI=4 TA "OMHROU 'EPH
'A\DOUSIN0, 'EPEI 'OUDEI$ GE SOI4 DOKEI0 TOUTWN TWN LOGWN 'ALHQH$
'EINAI. "OMW$ DE FERE, PW*$ 'AN4 TA TOIAUTA FHSAIMEN: 'A*RA-GE
<P 403E>
TOI$ GE 'OIKODOMIKOI$ TWN 'ANQRWPWN FAIH$ 'AN4 'ATTA 'EINAI
CRHSIMA PRO$ TO 'OIKIAN 'ERGASASQAI: 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
POTERON 'OUN TAUTA FHSAIMEN 'AN4 CRHSIMA 'EINAI "OI$ 'AUTWN
KATECRWNTO 'EI$ THN 'OIKODOMIAN, LIQOU$ KAI PLINQOU$ KAI XULA
KAI 'EI TI "ETERON TOIOUTON: 'H=-KAI TA 'ERGALEIA "OI$ 'AUTOI THN
'OIKIAN 'ERGAZOINTO, KAI "OI$ TAUTA 'EKPORIZOINTO, TA XULA KAI
TOU$ LIQOU$, KAI PALIN TA TOUTWN 'ERGALEIA: 'EMOIG', 'EFH,
DOKEI0 PANTA TAUTA CRHSIMA 'EINAI PRO$ 'EKEINA. 'OUKOU*N, 'H*N-D'-'EGW,
KAI 'EPI TWN 'ALLWN 'ERGASIWN, 'OU MONON 'AUTOI$ "OI$
KATACRWMEQA0 PRO$ "EKASTON TWN 'ERGWN, 'ALLA=-KAI "OI$ TAUTA
'EKPORIZOMEQA KAI "WN 'A=NEU 'OUK 'AN4 GENOITO: PANU GE "OUTW.
'OUKOU*N PALIN KAI "OI$ TAUTA, KAI 'EI TI 'ANWTERW TOUTWN,


<P 404A>
KAI "OI$ PALIN 'EKEINA KAI 'ETI MALA TA 'ANW, "WSTE KAI 'EI$
'APEIRON TI PLHQO$ TELEUTWNTA 'ANAGKH PANTA TAUTA PRO$
THN 'AUTWN 'ERGASIAN CRHSIMA FAINESQAI: KAI 'OUDEN GE,
'EFH, TAUTA "OUTW KWLUEI0 'ECEIN. TI= D' 'EI "UPARCOI TW*I 'ANQRWPWI
SITIA KAI POTA KAI "IMATIA KAI 'TALLA "OI$ 'AUTO$ PRO$
TO SWMA MELLOI CRHSQAI, 'A*R' 'AN4 TI PROSDEOITO CRUSIOU 'H=
'ARGURIOU 'H= 'ALLOU TOU, "OI$ TAUTA PORIEITAI "A GE-DH "UPARCOI:
'OUK 'EMOIGE DOKEI0. 'OUKOU*N FAINOITO 'AN4 "HMIN 'ESTIN "OTE
<P 404B>
'ANQRWPO$ 'OUDENO$ TOUTWN DEOMENO$ PRO$ THN TOU* SWMATO$
CREIAN: 'OU-GAR. 'OUKOU*N 'EI TAUTA 'ACREI*A FAINOITO PRO$
TAUTHN THN 'ERGASIAN, 'OUK 'AN4 POTE PALIN DEOI CRHSIMA FANHNAI:
"UPEKEITO GAR MH "OION-TE-'EINAI PRO$ THN 'AUTHN 'ERGASIAN TOTE=
MEN CRHSIMA, TOTE= DE 'ACREI*A 'EINAI. 'ALL' "OUTW G' 'AN4, 'EFH,
"O 'AUTO$ LOGO$ SOI4 KAI 'EMOI4 GIGNOITO; 'EI GAR POTE TAUTA
CRHSIMA GIGNOITO PRO$ TOUTO, 'OUK 'AN4 POTE SUMBAINOI PALIN
<P 404C>
'ACREI*A 'EINAI; NU*N DE PRO$ TINA$ 'ERGASIA$ PRAGMATWN MOCQHRWN,
TA$ DE CRHSTWN. 'EGWG' 'AN4 FAIHN. 'A*R'-'OUN "OION-TE
MOCQHRON TI PRAGMA PRO$ 'AGAQOU TINO$ 'ERGASIAN CRHSIMON
'EINAI: 'OUK 'EMOIGE FAINETAI. 'AGAQA DE PRAGMATA 'A*R'
'AN4 TAUTA FAIHMEN 'EINAI, "A DI' 'ARETHN 'ANQRWPO$ PRATTEI0:
FHMI. 'A*R'-'OUN "OION-TE 'ANQRWPON MAQEIN TI TOUTWN "OSA
DIA= LOGOU DIDASKETAI, 'EI PANTAPASIN 'APESTERHMENO$-'EIH TOU*
'AKOUEIN, 'H= "ETEROU TINO$: MA DI=' 'OUK 'EMOIGE DOKEI0. 'OUKOU*N
<P 404D>
TWN CRHSIMWN FAINOITO 'AN4 "HMIN PRO$ 'ARETHN TO 'AKOUEIN,
'EIPER DIDAKTO$ GE "H 'ARETH TW*I 'AKOUEIN KAI 'AUTWI KATACRWMEQA0
PRO$ TA$ MAQHSEI$: FAINETAI. 'OUKOU*N 'EIPER "H
'IATRIKH "OI=A-TE-'ESTIN TON NOSOUNTA PAUEIN, FAINOITO 'AN4 "HMIN
'ENIOTE KAI "H 'IATRIKH TWN CRHSIMWN 'OUSA PRO$ THN 'ARETHN,
'EIPER DIA= TH$ 'IATRIKH$ TO 'AKOUEIN PORISQEIH: KAI 'OUDEN
GE KWLUEI0. 'A*R'-'OUN PALIN KAI 'EI THN 'IATRIKHN 'ANTI CRHMATWN
PORISAIMEQA, FAINOITO 'AN4 "HMIN KAI TA CRHMATA
<P 404E>
CRHSIMA 'ONTA PRO$ 'ARETHN: KAI-GAR 'ESTIN, 'EFH, TOUTO
GE. 'OUKOU*N PALIN "OMOIW$ KAI DI' "OU2 TA CRHMATA PORISAIMEQA:
PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN PANTA. 'A*R'-'OUN 'AN4 SOI4 DOKEI0
'ANQRWPO$ 'APO MOCQHRWN TE-KAI 'AISCRWN PRAGMATWN 'ARGURION
"AUTWI PORISASQAI, 'ANQ' "OTOU THN 'IATRIKHN 'EPISTHMHN KTHSAITO,
"HI DUNAITO 'AKOUEIN, 'EK TOU* MH "OIOU-TE: TW*I D' 'AUTWI 'EKEINWI
KATACRHSQAI PRO$ 'ARETHN 'H= "E=TER' 'ATTA TWN TOIOUTWN: PANU
MEN-'OUN 'EMOIGE DOKEI0. 'OUKOU*N 'OUK 'AN4 TO GE MOCQHRON CRHSIMON
'AN4 'EIH PRO$ 'ARETHN: 'OU-GAR. 'OUK-'A=RA 'ANAGKAION
'ESTI, DI' "WN 'AN4 'EKPORISAIMEQA TA PRO$ "EKASTA CRHSIMA, KAI
TAUTA PRO$ TA 'AUTA CRHSIMA 'EINAI; FAINOITO GAR 'AN4 'ENIOTE


<P 405A>
MOCQHRA PRAGMATA PRO$ 'AGAQON TI CRHSIMON 'EINAI. 'ETI
DE MALLON KAI 'EPI TOUTOU 'AN4 FANERA GENOITO. 'EIPER GAR
TAUTA CRHSIMA 'ESTI PRO$ "EKASTA, "WN 'A=NEU 'OUK 'AN4 GENOITO,
'EI MH TAUTA PROUPARCOI, FERE, PW*$ 'AN4 TA TOIAUTA FHSAI$:
'A*R' "OION-TE 'AMAQIAN PRO$ 'EPISTHMHN CRHSIMON 'EINAI, 'H=
NOSON PRO$ "UGIEIAN, 'H= KAKIAN PRO$ 'ARETHN: 'OUK 'AN4
'EGWGE FAIHN. KAI-MHN TODE G' 'AN4 "OMOLOGHSAIMEN 'ADUNATON
'EINAI, 'EPISTHMHN 'EGGENESQAI "OTWI MH 'AMAQIA PROTERON
"UPARXAI40, KAI "UGIEIAN, "OTWI MH NOSO$, 'OUDE 'ARETHN, "OTWI MH
<P 405B>
KAKIA. 'EFH GAR "OUTW$, "W$ 'EMOI4 DOKEI0. 'OUK 'AN4 'A=RA
FAINOITO 'ANAGKAION 'EINAI, "OSWN 'A=NEU MH "OION-TE GIGNESQAI,
TAUTA KAI CRHSIMA 'EINAI PRO$ TOUTO. FAINOITO GAR 'AN4 "HMIN
"H 'AMAQIA PRO$ 'EPISTHMHN CRHSIMO$ 'OUSA, KAI "H NOSO$ PRO$
"UGIEIAN, KAI "H KAKIA PRO$ 'ARETHN. SFO=DRA DUSPEISTW$ 'EICEN
KAI PRO$ TOUTOU$ TOU$ LOGOU$, 'EI MH PANTA TAUTA CRHMATA
'ESTAI. KATAMAQWN D' 'AUTON 'EGW "OTI4 "ISON 'EIH PEISAI0, "OPER
'AN4 TO LEGOMENON LIQON "EYHSAI0, 'ALLA= TOUTOU$ MEN TOU$
<P 405C>
LOGOU$, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EASWMEN CAIREIN, 'EPEIDHPER 'OU DUNATOI
'ESMEN "OMOLOGHSAI0 "OPOTERON 'TAUTA CRHSIMA T' 'ESTIN KAI CRHMATA
'H= 'OU=; 'EKEINOU DE PE=RI PW*$ 'AN4 FAIHMEN: POTERON 'AN4
'EUDAIMONESTERON TE-KAI BELTIW "HGHSAIMEQA 'EINAI 'ANQRWPON,
'EI "W$ PLEISTWN DEOITO PRO$ TO SWMA TE-KAI THN DIAITAN
'EPITHDEIWN, 'H= 'EI "W$ 'ELACISTWN TE-KAI FAULOTATWN: MALISTA
D' 'AN4 'ISW$ KAI TOUTO "WDE QEWRHQEIH, 'EI TI$ 'AUTON PRO$ "AUTON
TON 'ANQRWPON PARABALLWN SKOPOITO "OPOTE=RA TWN "EXEWN
<P 405D>
BELTIWN, POTERON "OTAN TUCHI6 NOSWN 'H= "OTAN "UGIAINWN. 'ALLA=
TOUTO G', 'EFH, 'OU POLLH$ TINO$ TH$ SKEYEW$ DEITAI. 'ISW$
GAR, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, PANTI 'ANQRWPWI 'EUPORON GNWNAI0 "OTI4 "H TOU*
"UGIAINONTO$ "EXI$ KREITTWN 'ESTIN TH$ TOU* KAMNONTO$. TI= DE:
POTERW$ TUGCANOMEN PLEIONWN TE-KAI MALLON PANTODAPWN
DEOMENOI: "OTAN KAMNWMEN 'H= "OTAN "UGIAINWMEN: "OTAN KAMNWMEN.
"OTAN 'A=RA 'AUTOI "AUTWN TUGCANWMEN FAULOTATA
<P 405E>
DIAKEIMENOI, TO=TE SFO=DRA TE-KAI PLEISTWN, TA PRO$ "HDONA$
TA$ DIA= TOU* SWMATO$, 'EN 'EPIQUMIAI$ TE-KAI DEHSESIN 'ESMEN:
"OUTW$. 'OUKOU*N KATA TON 'AUTON LOGON "WSPER 'AUTO$ "AUTOU
TO=TE FAINETAI BELTISTA 'ECWN, "OTAN 'ELACISTWN TWN TOIOUTWN
DEHTAI, "OUTW PALIN KAI DUOIN 'ONTOIN, 'EI "O MEN TUGCANOI
SFO=DRA TE-KAI POLLWN 'EN 'EPIQUMIA\ TE-KAI DEHSEI 'WN, "O DE
'OLIGWN TE-KAI "HSUCW$: "OION TA TOIADE; "OSOI TWN 'ANQRWPWN
TUGCANOUSIN0 KUBEUTAI 'ONTE$, "OI DE 'OINOFLUGE$, "ETEROI DE
GASTRIMARGOI % "APANTA GAR TAUTA 'OUDEN "ETERON TUGCANEI0
'ONTA 'H= 'EPIQUMIAI. SFO=DRA GE. "AI D' 'EPIQUMIAI PASAI
'OUDEN "ETERON 'H= 'ENDEIAI TINWN. "OI 'OUN PLEISTA TOUTWN
PEPONQOTE$ 'ANQRWPOI 'EN MOCQHROTERA\ "EXEI 'EISIN TWN MHDEN 'H=


<P 406A>
"W$ 'ELACISTA TOIAUTA PEPONQOTWN. PANU MEN-'OUN 'EGWGE KAI
SFO=DRA MOCQHROU$ TOU$ TOIOUTOU$ "UPOLAMBANW0 'EINAI; KAI
"OSWI 'AN4 MALLON TOIOUTOU$, TOSOUTWI KAI MOCQHROTEROU$.
'OUKOU*N DOKEI0 "HMIN 'OUC "OION-TE CRHSIMA 'EINAI TAUTA PRO$
TOUTO, 'EI MH TUGCANOIMEN KAI DEOMENOI TOUTWN PRO$ TOUTO:
FHMI. 'ANAGKAION 'A=RA, 'EIPER MELLEI0 "HMIN CRHSIMA 'EINAI
TAUTA PRO$ TA$ TOU* SWMATO$ QERAPEIA$ TWN 'ENDEIWN, "AMA
KAI DEISQAI "HMA$ TOUTWN PRO$ TOUTO: 'EMOIGE DOKEI0. 'OUKOU*N
"OTWI TUGCANEI0 PLEISTA CRHSIMA 'ONTA PRO$ TOUTO, "OUTO$
'AN4 FAINOITO KAI PLEISTWN DEOMENO$ PRO$ TOUTO, 'EIPER 'ANAGKH
TWN CRHSIMWN PANTWN PROSDEISQAI. 'EMOIGE DOKEI0 "OUTW
FAINESQAI. 'ANAGKAION 'A=RA FAINETAI KATA GE TOUTON TON
LOGON, "OI$ TUGCANEI0 POLLA CRHMATA 'ONTA, TOUTOI$ KAI POLLWN
DEISQAI TWN PRO$ THN TOU* SWMATO$ QERAPEIAN 'EPITHDEIWN;
TA GAR PRO$ TOUTO CRHSIMA 'ONTA CRHMATA 'EFAINETO. "WSTE
'EX 'ANAGKH$ 'AN4 "HMIN FAINOINTO "OI PLOUSIWTATOI MOCQHROTATA
DIAKEIMENOI, 'EIPER GE-KAI PLEISTWN TOIOUTWN 'ENDEEI$ 'ONTE$.


<B IPPARC>


<P 225A>
SW ^ TI= GAR TO FILOKERDE$: TI= POTE 'ESTIN, KAI TI=NE$ "OI
FILOKERDEI$:
ET ^ 'EMOI4 MEN DOKOUSIN0 "OI=4 'AN4 KERDAINEIN 'AXIWSIN 'APO
TWN MHDENO$ 'AXIWN.
SW ^ POTERON 'OUN SOI4 DOKOUSIN0 GIGNWSKONTE$ "OTI4 'OUDENO$
'ESTIN 'A=XIA, 'H= 'AGNOOUNTE$: 'EI GAR 'AGNOOUNTE$, 'ANOHTOU$
LEGEI$ TOU$ FILOKERDEI$.
ET ^ 'ALL' 'OUK 'ANOHTOU$ LEGW0, 'ALLA= PANOURGOU$ KAI
<P 225B>
PONHROU$ KAI "HTTOU$ TOU* KERDOU$, GIGNWSKONTA$ "OTI4 'OUDENO$
'A=XIA 'ESTIN 'AF' "WN TOLMWSI0 KERDAINEIN, "OMW$ TOLMAN FILOKERDEIN
DI' 'ANAISCUNTIAN.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN TOIONDE LEGEI$ TON FILOKERDH, "OION 'EA=N
FUTEUWN GEWRGO$ 'ANHR KAI GIGNWSKWN "OTI4 'OUDENO$ 'AXION
TO FUTON, 'AXIOI2 'APO TOUTOU 'EKTRAFENTO$ KERDAINEIN: 'A*RA
TOIOUTON 'AUTON LEGEI$:
ET ^ 'APO PANTO$ "O GE FILOKERDH$, 'W* SWKRATE$ 'OIETAI
DEIN KERDAINEIN.
SW ^ MH MOI "OUTW$ 'EIKHI, "WSPER TI 'HDIKHMENO$ "UPO TINO$,
<P 225C>
'ALLA= PROSECWN 'EMOI4 TON NOUN 'APOKRINAI2, "WSPER 'AN4 'EI 'EX
'ARCH$ PALIN 'HRWTWN; 'OUCI "OMOLOGEI$ TON FILOKERDH 'EPISTHMONA
'EINAI PERI= TH$ 'AXIA$ TOUTOU "OQEN KERDAINEIN 'AXIOI0:
ET ^ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ TI=$ 'OUN 'EPISTHMWN PERI= FUTWN TH$ 'AXIA$, 'EN "OPOIA\
'A=XIA FUTEUQHNAI KAI "WRA\ KAI CWRA\: "INA TI KAI "HMEI$ TWN
SOFWN "RHMATWN 'EMBALWMEN, "WN "OI DEXIOI PERI= TA$ DIKA$
KALLIEPOUNTAI.
<P 225D>
ET ^ 'EGW MEN 'OIMAI GEWRGON.
SW ^ TO 'OUN 'AXIOUN0 KERDAINEIN 'ALLO TI LEGEI$ 'H= 'OIESQAI
DEIN KERDAINEIN:
ET ^ TOUTO LEGW0.
SW ^ MH-TOINUN ME 'EPICEIREI5 'EXAPATAN, 'ANDRA PRESBUTERON


<P 226A>
'HDH "OUTW NEO$ 'WN, 'APOKRINOMENO$ "WSPER NUNDH "A 'OUD'
'AUTO$ 'OIEI, 'ALL' "W$ 'ALHQW$ 'EIPE=; 'A*R' 'ESTIN "ONTINA 'OIEI
GEWRGIKON 'ANDRA GIGNOMENON, KAI GIGNWSKONTA "OTI4 'OUDENO$
'AXION FUTEUEI0 TO FUTON, 'OIESQAI 'APO TOUTOU KERDAINEIN:
ET ^ MA DI=' 'OUK 'EGWGE.
SW ^ TI= DE: "IPPIKON 'ANDRA GIGNWSKONTA "OTI4 'OUDENO$
'A=XIA SITIA TW*I "IPPWI PARECEI0, 'AGNOEIN 'AUTON 'OIEI "OTI4 TON
"IPPON DIAFQEIREI0:
ET ^ 'OUK 'EGWGE.
<P 226B>
SW ^ 'OUK-'A=RA 'OIETAI GE 'APO TOUTWN KERDAINEIN TWN
SITIWN TWN MHDENO$ 'AXIWN.
ET ^ 'OUCI.
SW ^ TI= DE: KUBERNHTHN MHDENO$ 'A=XIA "ISTIA KAI PHDALIA
THI NHI PARESKEUASMENON 'AGNOEIN 'OIEI "OTI4 ZHMIWQHSETAI KAI
KINDUNEUSEI2 KAI 'AUTO$ 'APOLESQAI KAI THN NAUN 'APOLESAI0
KAI "A 'AN4 'AGHI5 PANTA:
ET ^ 'OUK 'EGWGE.
SW ^ 'OUK-'A=RA 'OIETAI GE KERDAINEIN 'APO TWN SKEUWN TWN
<P 226C>
MHDENO$ 'AXIWN.
ET ^ 'OU-GAR.
SW ^ 'ALLA= STRATHGO$ GIGNWSKWN "OTI4 "H STRATIA 'AUTWI
'OUDENO$ 'A=XIA "OPLA 'ECEI0, 'OIETAI 'APO TOUTWN KERDAINEIN KAI
'AXIOI0 KERDAINEIN:
ET ^ 'OUDAMW$.
SW ^ 'ALL' 'AULHTH$ 'AULOU$ 'OUDENO$ 'AXIOU$ 'ECWN 'H= KIQARISTH$
LURAN 'H= TOXOTH$ TOXON 'H= 'ALLO$ "OSTISOUN SULLHBDHN
TWN DHMIOURGWN 'H= TWN 'ALLWN TWN 'EMFRONWN 'ANDRWN MHDENO$
'A=XIA 'ORGANA 'H= 'ALLHN PARASKEUHN "HNTINAOUN 'ECWN 'APO TOUTWN
'OIETAI KERDAINEIN:
<P 226D>
ET ^ 'OU=KOUN FAINETAI GE.
SW ^ TI=NA$ 'OUN POTE LEGEI$ TOU$ FILOKERDEI$: 'OU-GAR-POU
TOUTOU$ GE "OU$ DIELHLUQAMEN, 'ALL'7 "OITINE$ GIGNWSKONTE$ TA
'OUDENO$ 'A=XIA 'APO TOUTWN 'OIONTAI DEIN KERDAINEIN; 'ALL' "OUTW
MEN, 'W* QAUMASIE, "W$ SU LEGEI$, 'OUK 'EST' 'ANQRWPWN 'OUDEI$
FILOKERDH$.
ET ^ 'ALL' 'EGW, 'W* SWKRATE$, BOULOMAI LEGEIN TOUTOU$
FILOKERDEI$ 'EINAI, "OI=4 "EKASTOTE "UPO 'APLHSTIA$ KAI PANU
<P 226E>
SMIKRA KAI 'OLIGOU 'A=XIA KAI 'OUDENO$ GLICONTAI "UPERFUW$ KAI
FILOKERDOUSIN0.
SW ^ 'OU-DHPOU, 'W* BELTISTE, GIGNWSKONTE$ "OTI4 'OUDENO$ 'A=XIA
'ESTIN; TOUTO MEN-GAR 'HDH "HMA$-'AUTOU$ TW*I LOGWI 'EXHLEGXAMEN
"OTI4 'ADUNATON.
ET ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EI MH GIGNWSKONTE$, DHLON "OTI4 'AGNOOUNTE$,
'OIOMENOI DE TA 'OUDENO$ 'A=XIA POLLOU 'A=XIA 'EINAI.
ET ^ FAINETAI.
SW ^ 'ALLO TI 'OUN "OI GE FILOKERDEI$ FILOUSI0 TO KERDO$:
ET ^ NAI.
SW ^ KERDO$ DE LEGEI$ 'ENANTION THI ZHMIA\:


<P 227A>
ET ^ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ 'ESTIN 'OUN "OTWI 'AGAQON 'ESTI ZHMIOUSQAI:
ET ^ 'OUDENI.
SW ^ 'ALLA= KAKON:
ET ^ NAI.
SW ^ BLAPTONTAI "UPO TH$ ZHMIA$ 'A=RA 'ANQRWPOI.
ET ^ BLAPTONTAI.
SW ^ KAKON 'A=RA "H ZHMIA.
ET ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'ENANTION DE THI ZHMIA\ TO KERDO$.
ET ^ 'ENANTION.
SW ^ 'AGAQON 'A=RA TO KERDO$.
ET ^ NAI.
<P 227B>
SW ^ TOU$ 'OUN TO 'AGAQON FILOUNTA$ FILOKERDEI$ KALEI$0.
ET ^ 'EOIKEN0.
SW ^ 'OU MANIKOU$ GE, 'W* "ETAIRE, LEGEI$ TOU$ FILOKERDEI$.
'ALLA= SU 'AUTO$ POTERON FILEI$ "O= 'AN4 'AGAQON 'HI, 'H= 'OU FILEI$:
ET ^ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ 'ESTI DE TI 'AGAQON, "O= 'OU FILEI$, 'ALLA= KAKON:
ET ^ MA DI=' 'OUK 'EGWGE.
SW ^ 'ALLA= PANTA TA 'AGAQA 'ISW$ FILEI$.
ET ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'EROU DH-KAI 'EME 'EI 'OU KAI 'EGW; "OMOLOGHSW2 GAR-KAI
<P 227C>
'EGW SOI4 FILEIN 'TAGAQA. 'ALLA= PRO$ 'EMOI4 KAI SOI4 "OI 'ALLOI
'ANQRWPOI "APANTE$ 'OU DOKOUSI0 SOI4 'TAGAQA FILEIN, TA DE KAKA
MISEIN:
ET ^ 'EMOIGE FAINETAI.
SW ^ TO DE KERDO$ 'AGAQON "WMOLOGHSAMEN:
ET ^ NAI.
SW ^ PANTE$ 'AU FILOKERDEI$ FAINONTAI TOUTON TON TROPON;
"ON DE TO PROTERON 'ELEGOMEN, 'OUDEI$ 'H*N FILOKERDH$. POTERWI
'OUN 'AN4 TI$ TW*I LOGWI CRWMENO$ 'OUK 'AN4 'EXAMARTANOI:
ET ^ 'EI TI$, 'W* SWKRATE$ 'OIMAI 'ORQW$ LAMBANOI TON
<P 227D>
FILOKERDH. 'ORQW$ D' 'ESTI TOUTON "HGEISQAI FILOKERDH, "O$4 'AN4
SPOUDAZHI5 'EPI TOUTOI$ KAI 'AXIOI2 KERDAINEIN 'AP' 'AUTWN, 'AF' "WN
"OI CRHSTOI 'OU TOLMWSI0 KERDAINEIN.
SW ^ 'ALL' "ORA*I$0, 'W* GLUKUTATE, TO KERDAINEIN 'ARTI "WMOLOGHSAMEN
'EINAI 'WFELEISQAI.
ET ^ TI= 'OUN-DH TOUTO:
SW ^ "OTI4 KAI TODE 'AUTWI PROSWMOLOGHSAMEN, BOULESQAI
TA 'AGAQA PANTA$ KAI 'AEI.
ET ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI "OI 'AGAQOI PANTA TA KERDH BOULONTAI
'ECEIN, 'EIPER 'AGAQA GE 'ESTIN.
<P 227E>
ET ^ 'OUK 'AF' "WN GE MELLOUSIN0, 'W* SWKRATE$, BLABHSESQAI
TWN KERDWN.
SW ^ BLABHSESQAI DE LEGEI$ ZHMIWSESQAI 'H= 'ALLO TI:
ET ^ 'OU=K, 'ALLA= ZHMIWSESQAI LEGW0.
SW ^ "UPO TOU* KERDOU$ 'OUN ZHMIOUNTAI 'H= "UPO TH$ ZHMIA$
'ANQRWPOI:
ET ^ "UPO 'AMFOTERWN; KAI-GAR "UPO TH$ ZHMIA$ ZHMIOUNTAI
KAI "UPO TOU* KERDOU$ TOU* PONHROU.
SW ^ 'H* DOKEI0 'OUN TI SOI4 CRHSTON KAI 'AGAQON PRAGMA
PONHRON 'EINAI:
ET ^ 'OUK 'EMOIGE.


<P 228A>
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N "WMOLOGHSAMEN 'OLIGON PROTERON TO KERDO$
THI ZHMIA\ KAKWI 'ONTI 'ENANTION 'EINAI:
ET ^ FHMI.
SW ^ 'ENANTION DE 'ON KAKWI 'AGAQON 'EINAI:
ET ^ "WMOLOGHSAMEN GAR.
SW ^ "ORA*I$0 'OUN, 'EPICEIREI$ ME 'EXAPATAN, 'EPITHDE$ 'ENANTIA
LEGWN "OI$ 'ARTI "WMOLOGHSAMEN.
ET ^ 'OU MA DI=A, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALLA= 'TOUNANTION SU ME
'EXAPATA*I$0 KAI 'OUK 'OIDA "OPHI 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$ 'ANW KAI KATW
STREFEI$.
<P 228B>
SW ^ 'EUFHMEI5; 'OU-'MENTAN4 KALW$ POIOIHN 'OU PEIQOMENO$
'ANDRI 'AGAQWI KAI SOFWI.
ET ^ TI=NI TOUTWI: KAI TI= MALISTA:
SW ^ POLITHI MEN 'EMWI TE-KAI SWI, PEISISTRATOU DE "UEI
TOU* 'EK FILAIDWN, "IPPARCWI, "O$4 TWN PEISISTRATOU PAIDWN
'H*N PRESBUTATO$ KAI SOFWTATO$, "O$4 'A=LLA TE POLLA KAI KALA
'ERGA SOFIA$ 'APEDEIXATO, KAI TA "OMHROU 'EPH PRWTO$ 'EKOMISEN
'EI$ THN GHN TAUTHNI, KAI 'HNAGKASE TOU$ "RAYWIDOU$ PANAQHNAIOI$
'EX "UPOLHYEW$ 'EFEXH$ 'AUTA DIIENAI, "WSPER NU*N 'ETI
<P 228C>
"OIDE POIOUSIN0, KAI 'EP' 'ANAKREONTA TON THION PENTHKONTORON
STEILA$ 'EKOMISEN 'EI$ THN POLIN, SIMWNIDHN DE TON KEION
'AEI PERI= "AUTON 'EICEN, MEGALOI$ MISQOI$ KAI DWROI$ PEIQWN;
TAUTA D' 'EPOIEI BOULOMENO$ PAIDEUEIN TOU$ POLITA$, "IN' "W$
BELTISTWN 'ONTWN0 'AUTWN 'ARCOI, 'OUK 'OIOMENO$ DEIN 'OUDENI
SOFIA$ FQONEIN, "ATE 'WN KALO$ TE 'KAGAQO$. 'EPEIDH DE 'AUTWI
"OI PERI= TO 'ASTU TWN POLITWN PEPAIDEUMENOI-'HSAN KAI
<P 228D>
'EQAUMAZON 'AUTON 'EPI SOFIA\, 'EPIBOULEUWN 'AU TOU$ 'EN TOI$
'AGROI$ PAIDEUSAI0 'ESTHSEN 'AUTOI$ "ERMA$ KATA TA$ "ODOU$ 'EN
MESWI TOU* 'ASTEO$ KAI TWN DHMWN "EKASTWN, 'KAPEITA TH$
SOFIA$ TH$ "AUTOU, "HN T' 'EMAQEN KAI "HN 'AUTO$ 'EXHUREN, 'EKLEXAMENO$
"A "HGEITO SOFWTATA 'EINAI, TAUTA 'AUTO$ 'ENTEINA$ 'EI$
'ELEGEION "AUTOU POIHMATA KAI 'EPIDEIGMATA TH$ SOFIA$ 'EPEGRAYEN,
<P 228E>
"INA PRWTON MEN TA 'EN DELFOI$ GRAMMATA TA SOFA
TAUTA MH QAUMAZOIEN "OI POLITAI 'AUTOU4, TO TE GNWQI SAUTON
KAI TO MHDEN 'AGAN KAI 'TALLA TA TOIAUTA, 'ALLA= TA
"IPPARCOU "RHMATA MALLON SOFA "HGOINTO, 'EPEITA PARIONTE$
'ANW KAI KATW KAI 'ANAGIGNWSKONTE$ KAI GEUMA LAMBANONTE$
'AUTOU4 TH$ SOFIA$ FOITWIEN 'EK TWN 'AGRWN KAI 'EPI TA LOIPA
PAIDEUQHSOMENOI. 'ESTON0 DE DUO 'TWPIGRAMMATE; 'EN MEN TOI$


<P 229A>
'EP' 'ARISTERA TOU* "ERMOU "EKASTOU 'EPIGEGRAPTAI LEGWN "O
"ERMH$ "OTI4 'EN MESWI TOU* 'ASTEO$ KAI TOU* DHMOU "ESTHKEN0, 'EN
DE TOI$ 'EPI DEXIA %
MNHMA1 TOD'1 "IPPARCOU1; STEICE1 DI=KAIA1 FRONWN1
FHSIN. 'ESTI DE TWN POIHMATWN KAI 'A=LLA 'EN 'ALLOI$ "ERMAI$
POLLA KAI KALA 'EPIGEGRAMMENA; 'ESTI DE-DH-KAI TOUTO 'EPI THI
STEIRIAKHI "ODWI, 'EN "WI LEGEI0 %
<P 229B>
MNHMA1 TOD'1 "IPPARCOU1; MH1 FILON1 'EXAPATA1.
'EGW 'OUN SE 'EMOI4 'ONTA FILON 'OU DHPOU TOLMWIHN 'AN4 'EXAPATAN
KAI 'EKEINWI TOIOUTWI 'ONTI 'APISTEIN, "OU2 KAI 'APOQANONTO$ TRIA
'ETH 'ETURANNEUQHSAN 'AQHNAIOI "UPO TOU* 'ADELFOU 'AUTOU4 "IPPIOU,
KAI PANTWN 'AN4 TWN PALAIWN 'HKOUSA$ "OTI4 TAUTA MONON TA
'ETH TURANNI$ 'EGENETO 'EN 'AQHNAI$, TON D' 'ALLON CRONON 'EGGU$
TI 'EZWN 'AQHNAIOI "WSPER 'EPI KRONOU BASILEUONTO$. LEGETAI
DE "UPO TWN CARIESTERWN 'ANQRWPWN KAI "O QANATO$ 'AUTOU4
<P 229C>
GENESQAI 'OU DI' "A "OI POLLOI 'WIHQHSAN, DIA= THN TH$ 'ADELFH$
'ATIMIAN TH$ KANHFORIA$ % 'EPEI TOUTO GE 'EUHQE$ % 'ALLA= TON MEN
"ARMODION GEGONENAI PAIDIKA TOU* 'ARISTOGEITONO$ KAI PEPAIDEUSQAI
"UP' 'EKEINOU, MEGA D' 'EFRONEI 'A=RA-KAI "O 'ARISTOGEITWN
'EPI TW*I PAIDEUSAI0 'ANQRWPON, KAI 'ANTAGWNISTHN "HGEITO
'EINAI TON "IPPARCON. 'EN 'EKEINWI DE TW*I CRONWI 'AUTON TON
<P 229D>
"ARMODION TUGCANEIN 'ERWNTA TINO$ TWN NEWN TE-KAI KALWN
KAI GENNAIWN TWN TO=TE % KAI LEGOUSI0 'TOUNOMA 'AUTOU4, 'EGW DE
'OU MEMNHMAI % TON 'OUN NEANISKON TOUTON TEW$ MEN QAUMAZEIN
TON TE "ARMODION KAI TON 'ARISTOGEITONA "W$ SOFOU$, 'EPEITA
SUGGENOMENON TW*I "IPPARCWI KATAFRONHSAI0 'EKEINWN, KAI TOU$
PERIALGHSANTA$ TAUTHI THI 'ATIMIA\ "OUTW$ 'APOKTEINAI0 TON
"IPPARCON.
ET ^ KINDUNEUEI$ TOINUN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'H= 'OU FILON ME
"HGEISQAI 'H=, 'EI "HGHI0 FILON, 'OU PEIQESQAI "IPPARCWI; 'EGW GAR
<P 229E>
"OPW$ 'OU SU 'EME 'EXAPATA*I$0 % 'OUK 'OID' "ONTINA MENTOI TROPON %
'EN TOI$ LOGOI$, 'OU DUNAMAI PEISQHNAI.
SW ^ 'ALLA=-MHN-KAI "WSPER PETTEUWN 'EQELW0 SOI4 'EN TOI$
LOGOI$ 'ANAQESQAI "OTI2 BOULEI TWN 'EIRHMENWN, "INA MH 'OIHI3
'EXAPATASQAI. POTERON GAR TOUTO SOI4 'ANAQWMAI, "W$ 'OUCI TWN
'AGAQWN PANTE$ 'EPIQUMOUSIN0 'ANQRWPOI:
ET ^ MH MOI GE.
SW ^ 'ALL' "W$ TO ZHMIOUSQAI KAI "H ZHMIA 'OU KAKON:
ET ^ MH MOI GE.
SW ^ 'ALL' "W$ 'OU THI ZHMIA\ KAI TW*I ZHMIOUSQAI TO KERDO$
KAI TO KERDAINEIN 'ENANTION:


<P 230A>
ET ^ MHDE TOUTO.
SW ^ 'ALL' "W$ 'ENANTION 'ON TW*I KAKWI 'OUK 'AGAQON 'ESTI TO
KERDAINEIN:
ET ^ 'OUTI PAN GE; TOUTI MOI 'ANAQOU.
SW ^ DOKEI0 'A=RA SOI4, "W$ 'EOIKE0, TOU* KERDOU$ TO MEN TI
'AGAQON 'EINAI, TO DE TI KAKON.
ET ^ 'EMOIGE.
SW ^ 'ANATIQEMAI TOINUN SOI4 TOUTO; 'ESTW GAR-DH KERDO$
TI 'AGAQON KAI "ETERON KERDO$ TI KAKON. KERDO$ DE-GE 'OUDEN
MALLON 'ESTIN 'AUTWN TO 'AGAQON 'H= TO KAKON; 'H*-GAR:
ET ^ PW*$ ME 'ERWTA*I$0:
SW ^ 'EGW FRASW2. SITION 'ESTIN TI 'AGAQON TE-KAI KAKON:
<P 230B>
ET ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN MALLON TI 'AUTWN 'ESTI TO "ETERON TOU* "ETEROU
SITION, 'H= "OMOIW$ TOUTO GE, SITIA, 'ESTON0 'AMFO=TERA KAI TAUTHI
GE 'OUDEN DIAFEREI0 TO "ETERON TOU* "ETEROU, KATA TO SITION 'EINAI,
'ALLA= "HI TO MEN 'AUTWN 'AGAQON, TO DE KAKON:
ET ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI POTON KAI 'TALLA PANTA, "OSA TWN
'ONTWN0 'TAUTA 'ONTA TA MEN PEPONQEN0 'AGAQA 'EINAI, TA DE
KAKA, 'OUDEN 'EKEINHI GE DIAFEREI0 TO "ETERON TOU* "ETEROU, "HI TO
<P 230C>
'AUTO 'ESTIN: "WSPER 'ANQRWPO$ DHPOU "O MEN CRHSTO$ 'ESTIN, "O
DE PONHRO$.
ET ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'ALL' 'ANQRWPO$ GE 'OIMAI 'OUDETERO$ 'OUDETEROU 'OUTE
MALLON 'OUTE "HTTON 'ESTIN, 'OUTE "O CRHSTO$ TOU* PONHROU 'OUTE
"O PONHRO$ TOU* CRHSTOU.
ET ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N "OUTW KAI PERI= TOU* KERDOU$ DIANOWMEQA, "W$
KERDO$ GE "OMOIW$ 'ESTI KAI TO PONHRON KAI TO CRHSTON:
ET ^ 'ANAGKH.
SW ^ 'OUDEN 'A=RA MALLON KERDAINEI0 "O TO CRHSTON KERDO$
'ECWN 'H= TO PONHRON; 'OU=KOUN MALLON GE KERDO$ FAINETAI
<P 230D>
'OUDETERON 'ON, "W$ "OMOLOGOUMEN.
ET ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'OUDETERWI GAR 'AUTWN 'OUTE TO MALLON 'OUTE TO "HTTON
PROSESTIN.
ET ^ 'OU-GAR-DH.
SW ^ TW*I DH TOIOUTWI PRAGMATI PW*$ 'AN4 TI$ MALLON 'H= "HTTON
"OTIOUN 'AN4 POIOI* 'H= PASCOI, "WI MHDETERON TOUTWN PROSEIH:
ET ^ 'ADUNATON.
SW ^ 'EPEIDH TOINUN KERDH MEN "OMOIW$ 'ESTIN 'AMFO=TERA
KAI KERDALEA, TOUTI DH DEI "HMA$ 'EPISKEYASQAI, DIA= TI= POTE
'AMFO=TERA 'AUTA KERDO$ KALEI$0, TI= 'TAUTON 'EN 'AMFOTEROI$ "ORWN:
<P 230E>
"WSPER 'AN4 'EI "A8 SU ME 'HRWTA$ TA NUNDH, DIA= TI= POTE KAI TO
'AGAQON SITION KAI TO KAKON SITION "OMOIW$ 'AMFO=TERA SITIA
KALW0, 'EIPON 'AN4 SOI4 DIOTI 'AMFO=TERA XHRA TROFH SWMATO$
'ESTIN, DIA= TOUTO 'EGWGE; TOUTO GAR 'EINAI SITION 'KAN4 SU POU
"HMIN "OMOLOGOI$. 'H*-GAR:
ET ^ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ KAI PERI= POTOU 'OUN "O 'AUTO$ 'AN4 TROPO$ 'EIH TH$
'APOKRISEW$, "OTI4 THI TOU* SWMATO$ "UGRA*I TROFHI, 'EANTE CRHSTH


<P 231A>
'EANTE PONHRA 'HI, TOUTO TO 'ONOMA 'ESTI, POTON; KAI TOI$
'ALLOI$ "WSAUTW$. PEIRW5 'OUN-KAI SU 'EME MIMEISQAI "OUTW$
'APOKRINOMENON. TO CRHSTON KERDO$ KAI TO PONHRON KERDO$
KERDO$ FH=I$ 'AMFOTERON 'EINAI TI= TO 'AUTO 'EN 'AUTOI$ "ORWN, "OTI4
DH-KAI TOUTO KERDO$ 'ESTIN: 'EI D' 'AU MH 'AUTO$ 'ECEI$ 'APOKRINASQAI,
'ALL' 'EMOU4 LEGONTO$ SKOPEI5; 'A*RA KERDO$ LEGEI$ PAN
KTHMA "O= 'AN4 TI$ KTHSHTAI 'H= MHDEN 'ANALWSA$, 'H= 'ELATTON
'ANALWSA$ PLEON LABHI6:
<P 231B>
ET ^ 'EMOIGE DOKW0 TOUTO KALEIN0 KERDO$.
SW ^ 'A*RA-KAI TA TOIADE LEGEI$, 'EA=N TI$ "ESTIAQEI$, MHDEN
'ANALWSA$ 'ALL' 'EUWCHQEI$, NOSON KTHSHTAI:
ET ^ MA DI=' 'OUK 'EGWGE.
SW ^ "UGIEIAN DE KTHSAMENO$ 'APO "ESTIASEW$ KERDO$ 'AN4
KTHSAITO 'H= ZHMIAN:
ET ^ KERDO$.
SW ^ 'OUK-'A=RA TOUTO GE 'ESTI KERDO$, TO "OTIOUN KTHMA
KTHSASQAI.
ET ^ 'OU-MENTOI.
SW ^ POTERON 'OU=K, 'EA=N KAKON: 'H= 'OUD' 'AN2 'AGAQON "OTIOUN
KTHSHTAI, 'OU KERDO$ KTHSETAI:
ET ^ FAINETAI, 'EA=N GE 'AGAQON.
<P 231C>
SW ^ 'EA=N DE KAKON, 'OU ZHMIAN KTHSETAI:
ET ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW ^ "ORA*I$0 'OUN "W$ PALIN 'AU PERITRECEI$ 'EI$ TO 'AUTO: TO
MEN KERDO$ 'AGAQON FAINETAI, "H DE ZHMIA KAKON.
ET ^ 'APORW0 'EGWGE "OTI2 'EIPW4.
SW ^ 'OUK 'ADIKW$ GE SU 'APORWN. 'ETI GAR-KAI TODE 'APOKRINAI2;
'EA=N TI$ 'ELATTON 'ANALWSA$ PLEON KTHSHTAI, FH=I$
KERDO$ 'EINAI:
ET ^ 'OUTI KAKON GE LEGW0, 'ALL' 'EA=N CRUSION 'H= 'ARGURION
'ELATTON 'ANALWSA$ PLEON LABHI6.
<P 231D>
SW ^ KAI 'EGW MELLW0 TOUTO 'ERHSESQAI. FERE GAR, 'EA=N TI$
CRUSIOU STAQMON "HMISUN 'ANALWSA$ DIPLASION LABHI6 'ARGURIOU,
KERDO$ 'H= ZHMIAN 'EILHFEN0:
ET ^ ZHMIAN DHPOU, 'W* SWKRATE$; 'ANTI DWDEKASTASIOU
GAR DISTASION 'AUTWI KAQISTATAI TO CRUSION.
SW ^ KAI-MHN PLEON G' 'EILHFEN0; 'H= 'OU PLEON 'ESTI TO
DIPLASION TOU* "HMISEO$:
ET ^ 'OUTI THI 'AXIA\ GE 'ARGURION CRUSIOU.
SW ^ DEI 'A=RA, "W$ 'EOIKE0, TW*I KERDEI TOUTO PROSEINAI, THN
'AXIAN. NU*N GOUN TO MEN 'ARGURION PLEON 'ON TOU* CRUSIOU 'OU
FH=I$ 'AXION 'EINAI, TO DE CRUSION 'ELATTON 'ON 'AXION FH=I$ 'EINAI.
<P 231E>
ET ^ SFO=DRA; 'ECEI0 GAR "OUTW$.
SW ^ TO MEN 'AXION 'A=RA KERDALEON 'ESTIN, 'EANTE SMIKRON
'HI 'EANTE MEGA, TO DE 'ANAXION 'AKERDE$.
ET ^ NAI.
SW ^ TO DE 'AXION LEGEI$ 'AXION 'EINAI 'ALLO TI 'H= KEKTHSQAI:
ET ^ NAI, KEKTHSQAI.
SW ^ TO DE 'AXION 'AU LEGEI$ KEKTHSQAI TO 'ANWFELE$ 'H= TO
'WFELIMON:
ET ^ TO 'WFELIMON DHPOU.


<P 232A>
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N TO 'WFELIMON 'AGAQON 'ESTIN:
ET ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N, 'W* 'ANDREIOTATE PANTWN, 'OU TO KERDALEON
'AGAQON 'AU PALIN TRITON 'H= TETARTON "HKEI0 "HMIN "OMOLOGOUMENON:
ET ^ 'EOIKEN0.
SW ^ MNHMONEUEI$ 'OUN "OQEN "HMIN "OUTO$ "O LOGO$ GEGONEN0:
ET ^ 'OIMAI GE.
SW ^ 'EI DE MH, 'EGW SE "UPOMNHSW2. 'HMFESBHTHSA$ MOI
TOU$ 'AGAQOU$ MH PANTA TA KERDH BOULESQAI KERDAINEIN,
'ALLA= TWN KERDWN 'TAGAQA, TA DE PONHRA MH.
ET ^ NAICI.
<P 232B>
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N NU*N PANTA TA KERDH "O LOGO$ "HMA$ 'HNAGKAKE0
KAI SMIKRA KAI MEGALA "OMOLOGEIN 'AGAQA 'EINAI:
ET ^ 'HNAGKAKE0 GAR, 'W* SWKRATE$, MALLON 'EME GE 'H=
PEPEIKEN0.
SW ^ 'ALL' 'ISW$ META TOUTO KAI PEISEIEN 'AN4; NU*N D'-'OUN,
'EI=TE PEPEISAI 'EI=TE "OPWSDH 'ECEI$, SUMFHI$ GOUN "HMIN PANTA
TA KERDH 'AGAQA 'EINAI, KAI SMIKRA KAI MEGALA.
ET ^ "OMOLOGW0 GAR-'OUN.
SW ^ TOU$ DE CRHSTOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ BOULESQAI 'TAGAQA
"OMOLOGEI$ "APANTA "APANTA$; 'H= 'OU=:
ET ^ "OMOLOGW0.
<P 232C>
SW ^ 'ALLA=-MEN-DH TOU$ GE PONHROU$ 'AUTO$ 'EIPE$ "OTI4 KAI
SMIKRA KAI MEGALA KERDH FILOUSIN0.
ET ^ 'EIPON.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N KATA TON SON LOGON PANTE$ 'ANQRWPOI
FILOKERDEI$ 'AN4 'EIEN, KAI "OI CRHSTOI KAI "OI PONHROI.
ET ^ FAINETAI.
SW ^ 'OUK-'A=RA 'ORQW$ 'ONEIDIZEI0, 'EI TI$ TWI 'ONEIDIZEI0 FILOKERDEI
'EINAI; TUGCANEI0 GAR-KAI "O TAUTA 'ONEIDIZWN 'AUTO$
TOIOUTO$ 'WN.


<B DIK>


<P 372A>
'ECEI$ "HMIN 'EIPEIN "OTI2 'ESTIN TO DIKAION: 'H= 'OUK 'AXION SOI4
DOKEI0 'EINAI LOGON PERI= 'AUTOU4 POIEISQAI: 'EMOIGE KAI MALA.
TI= 'OUN 'ESTIN: TI= GAR 'ALLO GE 'H= TA NOMIZOMENA DI=KAIA:
MH MOI "OUTW$, 'ALL' "WSPER 'AN4 'EI SU M' 'EROIO TI= 'ESTIN
'OFQALMO$, 'EIPOIM' 'AN4 SOI4 "OTI4 "WI "ORWMEN0, 'EA=N DE-KAI DEIXAI0
ME KELEUHI$, DEIXW2 SOI4, KAI 'EA=N ME 'ERHI3 "OTWI YUCH 'ONOMA, 'ERW2
SOI4 "WI GIGNWSKOMEN, 'EA=N DE 'ERHI3 'AU TI= 'ESTIN FWNH, 'APOKRINOUMAI
SOI4 "WI DIALEGOMEQA, KAI SU "OUTW FRASON2 "OTI4 DIKAION
'ESTI "WI TI= CRWMEQA0, "WSPER "A NUNDH 'HROMHN. 'OU PANU 'ECW0
SOI4 "OUTW$ 'APOKRINASQAI. 'ALL' 'EPEIDH 'OUC "OUTW$ 'ECEI$,
'ISW$ THIDE PHI "RA*ION 'AUTO "EUROIMEN 'AN4: FERE, TA MEIZW KAI
TA 'ELATTW TI=NI SKOPOUNTE$ DIAGIGNWSKOMEN: 'A*RA 'OU METRWI:
NAI. META DE TOU* METROU TI=NI TECNHI: 'A*R' 'OU METRHTIKHI:


<P 373A>
METRHTIKHI. TI= DE TA KOUFA KAI BAREA: 'A*R' 'OU
STAQMWI: NAI. META DE TOU* STAQMOU TI=NI TECNHI: 'OU THI
STATIKHI: PANU GE. TI= DE-DH: TA DI=KAIA KAI 'TADIKA TI=NI
SKOPOUNTE$ DIAGIGNWSKOMEN 'ORGANWI, KAI META TOU* 'ORGANOU
TI=NI TECNHI PROSQEN: 'A*RA-'OUD' "OUTW PW$ SOI4 KATAFANE$
'ESTIN: 'OU=. 'ALLA= PALIN "WDE; "OTAN 'AMFISBHTWMEN PERI=
TWN MEIZONWN KAI TWN 'ELATTONWN, TI=NE$ "HMA$ DIAKRINOUSIN2:
'OUC "OI METRHTAI: NAI. "OTAN DE PERI= TWN POLLWN KAI
<P 373B>
'OLIGWN, TI=NE$ "OI DIAKRINONTE$: 'OUC "OI 'ARIQMHTAI: 'ALLA=
TI=: "OTAN DE PERI= TWN DIKAIWN KAI 'ADIKWN 'AMFISBHTWMEN
'ALLHLOI$, 'EPI TI=NA$ 'ERCOMEQA KAI TI=NE$ "HMA$ "OI DIAKRINONTE$
'EISIN "EKASTOTE: 'EIPE=. 'A*RA-GE DIKASTA$ LEGEI$, 'W* SWKRATE$:
'EU G' "HURE$. 'IQI DH-KAI TODE PEIRAQHTI 'EIPEIN. TI=
POIOUNTE$ DIAKRINOUSIN0 "OI METRHTAI PERI= TWN MEGALWN KAI
SMIKRWN: 'A*R' 'OU METROUNTE$: NAI. TI= DE PERI= TWN BAREWN
KAI KOUFWN: 'OUC "ISTANTE$: "ISTANTE$ MENTOI. TI= DE PERI=
TWN POLLWN KAI 'OLIGWN: 'A*RA 'OUK 'ARIQMOUNTE$: NAI. TI= DE-DH
<P 373C>
PERI= TWN DIKAIWN KAI 'ADIKWN 'A=RA: 'APOKRINAI2. 'OUK 'ECW0.
LEGONTE$, FAQI. NAI. LEGONTE$ 'A=RA "HMA$ DIAKRINOUSIN0,
"OTAN PERI= TWN DIKAIWN KAI 'ADIKWN KRINWSIN "OI DIKASTAI:
NAI. METROUNTE$ DE-GE PERI= TWN SMIKRWN KAI MEGALWN
"OI METRHTIKOI; METRON GAR 'H*N "WI TAUT' 'EKRINETO. "OUTW$.
"ISTANTE$ D' 'AU PERI= TWN BAREWN KAI KOUFWN "OI STATIKOI;
STAQMO$ GAR 'H*N "WI TAUT' 'EKRINETO. 'H*N GAR. 'ARIQMOUNTE$
<P 373D>
D' 'AU PERI= TWN POLLWN KAI 'OLIGWN "OI 'ARIQMHTIKOI; 'ARIQMO$
GAR 'H*N "WI TAUT' 'EKRINETO. "OUTW$. LEGONTE$ DE-GE, "W$ 'ARTI
"WMOLOGHSAMEN, PERI= TWN DIKAIWN KAI 'ADIKWN KRINOUSIN0 "HMA$
"OI DIKASTAI; LOGO$ GAR 'H*N "WI TAUT' 'EKRINETO. 'EU LEGEI$, 'W*
SWKRATE$. 'ALHQH MEN-'OUN; KAI LOGO$ 'ESTIN, "W$ 'EOIKEN0,
"WI TA DI=KAIA KAI 'ADIKA KRINETAI. FAINETAI GOUN. TI= POTE
'ONTA TA7 DI=KAIA KAI 'TADIKA: "WSPER 'AN4 "HMA$ 'EI TI$ 'HRETO,
'EPEIDH METRON KAI METRHTIKH KAI METRHTIKO$ TO MEIZON KAI
<P 373E>
TO 'ELATTON DIAKRINEI0, TI= 'ON TO MEIZON KAI TO 'ELATTON: 'EIPOIMEN
'AN4 'AUTWI "OTI4 TO MEN MEIZON "UPERECON, TO DE 'ELATTON
"UPERECOMENON. 'EPEIDH DE TO BARU KAI TO KOUFON STAQMO$
KAI STATIKH KAI STATIKO$ DIAKRINEI0, TI= 'ON TO TE BARU KAI
TO KOUFON: 'EIPOIMEN 'AN4 'AUTWI "OTI4 TO MEN KATW "REPON 'EN TOI$
ZUGOI$ BARU, TO DE 'ANW KOUFON. "OUTW DH 'EI KAI 'EROITO
"HMA$, 'EPEIDH DE TO DIKAION KAI TO 'ADIKON LOGO$ TE-KAI
DIKASTIKH KAI DIKASTH$ 'ESTIN "HMIN "O DIAKRINWN0, TI= POTE 'ON
TO DIKAION KAI 'TADIKON: TI= "EXOMEN 'AUTWI 'APOKRINESQAI: 'H=
'OUDEPW 'ECOMEN 'EIPEIN: 'OUK 'ECOMEN. POTERON DE "EKONTA$


<P 374A>
'OIEI 'ECEIN TOUTO TO 'ADIKON TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ 'H= 'AKONTA$: "WDE
DE LEGW0. "EKONTA$ 'OIEI 'ADIKEIN KAI 'ADIKOU$ 'EINAI 'H= 'AKONTA$:
"EKONTA$ 'EGWGE, 'W* SWKRATE$; PONHROI GAR 'EISIN.
"EKONTA$ 'A=RA SU 'OIEI PONHROU$ 'EINAI KAI 'ADIKOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$:
'EGWGE; SU D' 'OU=: 'OU=K, 'EI GE TI DEI TW*I POIHTHI
PEIQESQAI. POI=WI POIHTHI: "OSTI$ 'EI*PEN %
'OUDEI$9 "EKWN9 PONHRO$9 'OUD'9 'AKWN9 MAKAR9.
'ALLA=-TOI, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EU "H PALAIA PAROIMIA 'ECEI0, "OTI4
<P 374B>
POLLA YEUDONTAI 'AOIDOI. QAUMAZOIM' 'AN4 'EI TOUTO GE 'EYEUSATO
"OUTO$ 'AOIDO$, 'EPEI 'EI SOI4 SCOLH 'ESTIN, 'EPISKEYWMEQA
'AUTON 'EI=TE YEUDH 'EI=TE 'ALHQH LEGEI0. 'ALLA= SCOLH.
FERE DH, POTERON "HGHI0 DIKAION 'EINAI YEUDESQAI 'H= 'ALHQH
LEGEIN: 'ALHQH 'EGWGE. YEUDESQAI 'A=RA 'ADIKON: NAI.
POTERON D' 'EXAPATAN 'H= MH 'EXAPATAN: MH 'EXAPATAN DHPOU.
'EXAPATAN 'A=RA 'ADIKON: NAI. TI= DE: BLAPTEIN DIKAION
'H= 'WFELEIN: 'WFELEIN. BLAPTEIN 'A=RA 'ADIKON: NAI.
<P 374C>
'ESTIN 'A=RA 'ALHQH MEN LEGEIN KAI MH 'EXAPATAN KAI 'WFELEIN
DIKAION, YEUDESQAI DE-KAI BLAPTEIN KAI 'EXAPATAN 'ADIKON.
NAI MA DI=A SFO=DRA GE. 'H*-KAI TOU$ POLEMIOU$:
'OUDAMW$. 'ALLA= BLAPTEIN DIKAION TOU$ POLEMIOU$, 'WFELEIN
DE 'ADIKON: NAI. 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'EXAPATWNTA$ DIKAION
BLAPTEIN TOU$ POLEMIOU$: PW*$ GAR 'OU=: TI= DE7 YEUDESQAI
"INA 'EXAPATWMEN2 KAI BLAPTWMEN 'AUTOU$: 'OU DIKAION:
<P 374D>
NAI. TI= DE: TOU$ FILOU$ 'OUK 'WFELEIN FH=I$ DIKAION
'EINAI: 'EGWGE. POTERON MH 'EXAPATWNTA$ 'H= 'EXAPATWNTA$
'EP' 'WFELIA\ THI 'EKEINWN: KAI 'EXAPATWNTA$ NH DI=A. 'ALL'
'EXAPATWNTA$ MEN DIKAION 'A=RA 'WFELEIN, 'OU-MENTOI YEUDOMENOU$
GE: 'H=-KAI YEUDOMENOU$: KAI YEUDOMENOU$ DIKAION.
'ESTIN 'A=RA, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, YEUDESQAI TE-KAI 'ALHQH LEGEIN DIKAION
KAI 'ADIKON. NAI. KAI MH 'EXAPATAN KAI 'EXAPATAN
DIKAION KAI 'ADIKON. 'EOIKEN0. KAI BLAPTEIN KAI 'WFELEIN
DIKAION KAI 'ADIKON: NAI. 'TAUTA DH, "W$ 'EOIKEN0, PANTA TA
<P 374E>
TOIAUTA 'ONTA KAI DI=KAIA KAI 'ADIKA 'ESTIN. 'EMOIGE FAINETAI.
'AKOUE DH. 'OFQALMON 'EGW 'ECW0 DEXION KAI 'ARISTERON
"WSPER KAI "OI 'ALLOI 'ANQRWPOI: NAI. MUKTHRA DEXION KAI
'ARISTERON: PANU GE. KAI CEIRA DEXIAN KAI 'ARISTERAN:
NAI. 'OUKOU*N 'EPEIDH TA 'AUTA 'ONOMAZWN TA MEN DEXIA
FH=I$ 'EINAI, TA DE 'ARISTERA TWN 'EMWN, 'EI SE 'EGW 'EROIMHN
"OPO=TERA, 'A*R' 'AN4 'ECOI$ 'EIPEIN "OTI4 TA MEN PRO$ TOU* DEXIA 'ESTIN,
TA DE PRO$ TOU* 'ARISTERA: NAI. 'IQI DH-KAI 'EKEI, 'EPEIDH
TA 'AUTA 'ONOMAZWN TA MEN DI=KAIA FH=I$ 'EINAI, TA DE 'ADIKA,


<P 375A>
'ECEI$ 'EIPEIN "OPO=TERA TA DI=KAIA KAI "OPO=TERA TA 'ADIKA:
'EMOI4 MEN-TOINUN DOKEI0 'EN MEN TW*I DEONTI KAI TW*I KAIRWI
"EKASTA TOUTWN GIGNOMENA DI=KAIA 'EINAI, 'EN DE TW*I MH DEONTI
'ADIKA. KALW$ GE SOI4 DOKOUN. "O MEN-'A=RA 'EN TW*I DEONTI "EKASTA
TOUTWN POIW*N DI=KAIA POIEI0, "O DE MH 'EN TW*I DEONTI 'ADIKA:
NAI. 'OUKOU*N "O MEN TA DI=KAIA POIW*N DIKAIO$, "O DE 'TADIKA
'ADIKO$: 'ESTI TAUTA. TI=$ 'OUN "O 'EN TW*I DEONTI KAI7 KAIRWI
"OIO$-TE TEMNEIN KAI KAEIN KAI 'ISCNAINEIN: "O 'IATRO$. "OTI4
<P 375B>
'EPISTATAI 'H= DI' 'ALLO TI: "OTI4 'EPISTATAI. TI=$ D' 'EN TW*I
DEONTI SKAPTEIN KAI 'AROUN0 KAI FUTEUEIN "OIO$-TE: "O GEWRGO$.
"OTI4 'EPISTATAI, 'H= "OTI4 'OU=: "OTI4 'EPISTATAI. 'OUKOU*N-KAI
'TALLA "OUTW$: "O MEN 'EPISTAMENO$ "OIO$-TE TA DEONTA
POIEIN 'ESTIN KAI 'EN TW*I DEONTI KAI 'EN TW*I KAIRWI, "O DE MH 'EPISTAMENO$
'OU=: "OUTW$. KAI YEUDESQAI 'A=RA-KAI 'EXAPATAN
KAI 'WFELEIN, "O MEN 'EPISTAMENO$ "OIO$-TE POIEIN "EKASTA TOUTWN
'EN TW*I DEONTI KAI TW*I KAIRWI, "O DE MH 'EPISTAMENO$ 'OU=:
<P 375C>
'ALHQH LEGEI$. "O DE-GE TAUTA POIW*N 'EN TW*I DEONTI DIKAIO$:
NAI. DI' 'EPISTHMHN DE-GE TAUTA POIEI0. PW*$ D' 'OU=:
DI' 'EPISTHMHN 'A=RA DIKAIO$ "O DIKAIO$. NAI. 'OUKOU*N "O 'ADIKO$
DIA= TO 'ENANTION 'ADIKO$ 'ESTIN TW*I DIKAIWI: FAINETAI. "O DE
DIKAIO$ DIA= SOFIAN DIKAIO$. NAI. DI' 'AMAQIAN 'A=RA "O 'ADIKO$
'ADIKO$. 'EOIKE0. KINDUNEUEI0 'A=RA "O= MEN "OI PROGONOI "HMIN
KATELIPON SOFIAN DIKAIOSUNH 'EINAI, "O= DE 'AMAQIAN, TOUTO DE
<P 375D>
'ADIKIA. 'EOIKEN0. "EKONTE$ DE 'AMAQEI$ 'EISIN "OI 'ANQRWPOI
'H= 'AKONTE$: 'AKONTE$. 'AKONTE$ 'A=RA-KAI 'ADIKOI: FAINETAI.
"OI DE 'ADIKOI PONHROI: NAI. 'AKONTE$ 'A=RA PONHROI
KAI 'ADIKOI: PANTAPASI MEN-'OUN. DIA= DE TO 'ADIKOI 'EINAI
'ADIKOUSIN0: NAI. DIA= TO 'AKOUSION 'A=RA: PANU GE. 'OU-MEN-DH
DIA= TO 'AKOUSION GE TO "EKOUSION GIGNETAI. 'OU-GAR-'OUN.
DIA= DE TO 'ADIKON 'EINAI TO 'ADIKEIN GIGNETAI. NAI.
TO DE 'ADIKON 'AKOUSION. 'AKOUSION. 'AKONTE$ 'A=RA 'ADIKOUSIN0
KAI 'ADIKOI 'EISIN KAI PONHROI. 'AKONTE$, "W$ GE FAINETAI.
'OUK-'A=RA 'EYEUSATO TOUTO GE 'AOIDO$. 'OUK 'EOIKEN0.


<B MIN>


<P 313A>
SW ^ "O NOMO$ "HMIN TI= 'ESTIN:
ET ^ "OPOION KAI 'ERWTA*I$0 TWN NOMWN:
SW ^ TI= D': 'ESTIN "OTI2 DIAFEREI0 NOMO$ NOMOU KAT' 'AUTO
TOUTO, KATA TO NOMO$ 'EINAI: SKOPEI5 GAR-DH "O= TUGCANW0
'ERWTWN SE. 'ERWTW0 GAR, "WSPER 'EI 'ANHROMHN TI= 'ESTIN CRUSO$,
'EI ME "WSAUTW$ 'ANHROU "OPOION KAI LEGW0 CRUSON, 'OIOMAI SE
'OUK 'AN4 'ORQW$ 'ERESQAI. 'OUDEN GAR-POU DIAFEREI0 'OUTE CRUSO$
<P 313B>
CRUSOU 'OUTE LIQO$ LIQOU KATA GE TO LIQO$ 'EINAI KAI KATA
TO CRUSO$; "OUTW DE-'OUDE NOMO$ POU NOMOU 'OUDEN DIAFEREI0,
'ALLA= PANTE$ 'EISIN 'TAUTON. NOMO$ GAR "EKASTO$ 'AUTWN 'ESTIN
"OMOIW$, 'OUC "O MEN MALLON, "O D' "HTTON; TOUTO DH 'AUTO 'ERWTW0,
TO PAN TI= 'ESTIN NOMO$. 'EI 'OUN SOI4 PROCEIRON, 'EIPE=.
ET ^ TI= 'OUN 'ALLO NOMO$ 'EIH 'AN4, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'ALL'-'H= TA
NOMIZOMENA:
SW ^ 'H*-KAI LOGO$ SOI4 DOKEI0 'EINAI TA LEGOMENA, 'H= 'OYI$
TA "ORWMENA, 'H= 'AKOH TA 'AKOUOMENA: 'H= 'ALLO MEN LOGO$, 'ALLO
<P 313C>
DE TA LEGOMENA; KAI 'ALLO MEN 'OYI$, 'ALLO DE TA "ORWMENA;
KAI 'ALLO MEN 'AKOH, 'ALLO DE TA 'AKOUOMENA, KAI 'ALLO DH
NOMO$, 'ALLO DE TA NOMIZOMENA: "OUTW$ 'H= PW*$ SOI4 DOKEI0:
ET ^ 'ALLO MOI NU*N 'EFANH.
SW ^ 'OUK-'A=RA NOMO$ 'ESTIN TA NOMIZOMENA.
ET ^ 'OU MOI DOKEI0.
SW ^ TI= DHT' 'AN4 'EIH NOMO$: 'EPISKEYWMEQ' 'AUTO "WDE. 'EI
TI$ "HMA$ TA NUNDH LEGOMENA 'ANHRETO, 'EPEIDH 'OYEI FATE0


<P 314A>
TA "ORWMENA "ORASQAI, TI=NI 'ONTI THI 'OYEI "ORATAI0: 'APEKRINAMEQ'
'AN4 'AUTWI "OTI4 'AISQHSEI TAUTHI THI DIA= TWN 'OFQALMWN DHLOUSHI
TA PRAGMATA; 'EI D' 'AU 'HRETO "HMA$, TI= DE: 'EPEIDH 'AKOHI TA
'AKOUOMENA 'AKOUETAI, TI=NI 'ONTI THI 'AKOHI: 'APEKRINAMEQ' 'AN4
'AUTWI "OTI4 'AISQHSEI TAUTHI THI DIA= TWN 'WTWN DHLOUSHI "HMIN TA$
FWNA$. "OUTW TOINUN-KAI 'EI 'ANEROITO "HMA$, 'EPEIDH NOMWI
TA NOMIZOMENA NOMIZETAI, TI=NI 'ONTI TW*I NOMWI NOMIZETAI:
<P 314B>
POTERON 'AISQHSEI TINI 'H= DHLWSEI, "WSPER TA MANQANOMENA
MANQANETAI DHLOUSHI THI 'EPISTHMHI, 'H= "EURESEI TINI, "WSPER TA
"EURISKOMENA "EURISKETAI, "OION TA MEN "UGIEINA KAI NOSWDH
'IATRIKHI, "A DE "OI QEOI DIANOOUNTAI, "W$ FASIN0 "OI MANTEI$, MANTIKHI:
"H GAR-POU TECNH "HMIN "EURESI$ 'ESTIN TWN PRAGMATWN;
'H*-GAR:
ET ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ TI= 'OUN 'AN4 TOUTWN "UPOLABOIMEN MALISTA TON NOMON
'EINAI:
ET ^ TA DOGMATA TAUTA KAI YHFISMATA, 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
TI= GAR 'AN4 'ALLO TI$ FAIH NOMON 'EINAI: "WSTE KINDUNEUEI0, "O=
<P 314C>
SU 'ERWTA*I$0, TO "OLON TOUTO, NOMO$, DOGMA POLEW$ 'EINAI.
SW ^ DOXAN, "W$ 'EOIKE0, LEGEI$ POLITIKHN TON NOMON.
ET ^ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ KAI 'ISW$ KALW$ LEGEI$; TACA DE "WDE 'AMEINON 'EISOMEQA.
LEGEI$ TINA$ SOFOU$: ET ^ 'EGWGE. SW ^ 'OUKOU*N
"OI SOFOI 'EISIN SOFIA\ SOFOI: ET ^ NAI. SW ^ TI= DE: "OI
DIKAIOI DIKAIOSUNHI DIKAIOI: ET ^ PANU GE. SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI
"OI NOMIMOI NOMWI NOMIMOI: ET ^ NAI. SW ^ "OI DE
<P 314D>
'ANOMOI 'ANOMIA\ 'ANOMOI: ET ^ NAI. SW ^ "OI DE NOMIMOI DIKAIOI:
ET ^ NAI. SW ^ "OI DE 'ANOMOI 'ADIKOI: ET ^ 'ADIKOI.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N KALLISTON "H DIKAIOSUNH TE-KAI "O NOMO$:
ET ^ "OUTW$. SW ^ 'AISCISTON DE "H 'ADIKIA TE-KAI "H 'ANOMIA:
ET ^ NAI. SW ^ KAI TO MEN SWIZEI0 TA$ POLEI$ KAI 'TALLA
PANTA, TO DE 'APOLLUSI0 KAI 'ANATREPEI0: ET _ NAI. SW ^ "W$
PERI= KALOU 'A=RA TINO$ 'ONTO$ DEI TOU* NOMOU DIANOEISQAI, KAI
"W$ 'AGAQON 'AUTO ZHTEIN. ET ^ PW*$ D' 'OU=:
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N DOGMA 'EFAMEN 'EINAI POLEW$ TON NOMON:
<P 314E>
ET ^ 'EFAMEN GAR. SW ^ TI= 'OUN: 'OUK 'ESTIN TA MEN CRHSTA
DOGMATA, TA DE PONHRA: ET ^ 'ESTIN MEN-'OUN. SW ^ KAI-MHN
NOMO$ GE 'OUK 'H*N PONHRO$. ET ^ 'OU-GAR. SW ^ 'OUK-'A=RA
'ORQW$ 'ECEI0 'APOKRINESQAI "OUTW$ "APLW$ "OTI4 NOMO$ 'ESTI
DOGMA POLEW$. ET ^ 'OUK 'EMOIGE DOKEI0. SW ^ 'OUK-'A=RA
"ARMOTTOI 'AN4 TO PONHRON DOGMA NOMO$ 'EINAI. ET ^ 'OU-DHTA.
SW ^ 'ALLA=-MHN DOXA GE TI$ KAI 'AUTWI MOI KATAFAINETAI
"O NOMO$ 'EINAI; 'EPEIDH DE 'OUC "H PONHRA DOXA, 'A*RA 'OUK 'HDH
TOUTO KATADHLON, "W$ "H CRHSTH, 'EIPER DOXA NOMO$ 'ESTI:
ET ^ NAI. SW ^ DOXA DE CRHSTH TI=$ 'ESTIN: 'OUC "H 'ALHQH$:


<P 315A>
ET ^ NAI. SW ^ 'OUKOU*N "H 'ALHQH$ DOXA TOU* 'ONTO$ 'ESTIN
'EXEURESI$: ET ^ 'ESTIN GAR. SW ^ "O NOMO$ 'A=RA BOULETAI
TOU* 'ONTO$ 'EINAI 'EXEURESI$.
ET ^ PW*$ 'OUN, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EI "O NOMO$ 'ESTIN TOU* 'ONTO$
'EXEURESI$, 'OUK 'AEI TOI$ 'AUTOI$ NOMOI$ CRWMEQA0 PERI= TWN
'AUTWN, 'EI TA 'ONTA GE "HMIN 'EXHURHTAI:
SW ^ BOULETAI MEN 'OUDEN "HTTON "O NOMO$ 'EINAI TOU* 'ONTO$
'EXEURESI$; "OI D'-'A=RA MH TOI$ 'AUTOI$ 'AEI NOMOI$ CRWMENOI
<P 315B>
'ANQRWPOI, "W$ DOKOUMEN, 'OUK 'AEI DUNANTAI 'EXEURISKEIN "O=
BOULETAI "O NOMO$, TO 'ON. 'EPEI FERE 'IDWMEN 'EA=N 'A=RA "HMIN
'ENQENDE KATADHLON GENHTAI 'EI=TE TOI$ 'AUTOI$ 'AEI NOMOI$ CRWMEQA0
'H= 'ALLOTE 'ALLOI$, KAI 'EI "APANTE$ TOI$ 'AUTOI$ 'H= 'ALLOI
'ALLOI$.
ET ^ 'ALLA= TOUTO GE, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OU CALEPON GNWNAI0,
"OTI4 'OUTE "OI 'AUTOI 'AEI TOI$ 'AUTOI$ NOMOI$ CRWNTAI0 'ALLOI TE
'ALLOI$. 'EPEI 'AUTIKA "HMIN MEN 'OU NOMO$ 'ESTIN 'ANQRWPOU$
QUEIN 'ALL' 'ANOSION, KARCHDONIOI DE QUOUSIN0 "W$ "OSION 'ON
<P 315C>
KAI NOMIMON 'AUTOI$, KAI TAUTA 'ENIOI 'AUTWN KAI TOU$ "AUTWN
"UEI$ TW*I KRONWI, "W$ 'ISW$ KAI SU 'AKHKOA$. KAI MH-"OTI4 BARBAROI
'ANQRWPOI "HMWN 'ALLOI$ NOMOI$ CRWNTAI0, 'ALLA=-KAI "OI
'EN THI LUKAIA\ "OUTOI KAI "OI TOU* 'AQAMANTO$ 'EKGONOI "OIA$
QUSIA$ QUOUSIN0 "ELLHNE$ 'ONTE$. "WSPER KAI "HMA$-'AUTOU$
'OISQA POU-KAI 'AUTO$ 'AKOUWN "OIOI$ NOMOI$ 'ECRWMEQA PRO TOU*
PERI= TOU$ 'APOQANONTA$, "IEREIA TE PROSFATTONTE$ PRO TH$
'EKFORA$ TOU* NEKROU KAI 'EGCUTISTRIA$ METAPEMPOMENOI; "OI
<P 315D>
D' 'AU 'EKEINWN 'ETI PROTEROI 'AUTOU2 KAI 'EQAPTON 'EN THI 'OIKIA\
TOU$ 'APOQANONTA$; "HMEI$ DE TOUTWN 'OUDEN POIOUMEN. MURIA
D' 'AN4 TI$ 'ECOI TOIAUTA 'EIPEIN; POLLH GAR 'EURUCWRIA TH$
'APODEIXEW$ "W$ 'OUTE "HMEI$ "HMIN-'AUTOI$ 'AEI KATA 'TAUTA NOMIZOMEN
'OUTE 'ALLHLOI$ "OI 'ANQRWPOI.
SW ^ 'OUDEN TOI QAUMASTON 'ESTIN, 'W* BELTISTE, 'EI SU MEN
'ORQW$ LEGEI$, 'EME DE TOUTO LELHQEN0. 'ALL' "EW$ 'AN4 SU TE
KATA SAUTON LEGHI$ "A SOI4 DOKEI0 MAKRWI LOGWI KAI PALIN 'EGW,
<P 315E>
'OUDEN MH POTE SUMBWMEN, "W$ 'EGW 'OIMAI; 'EA=N DE KOINON TEQHI
TO SKEMMA, TAC' 'AN4 "OMOLOGHSAIMEN. 'EI MEN-'OUN BOULEI,
PUNQANOMENO$ TI PAR' 'EMOU4 KOINHI MET' 'EMOU4 SKOPEI5; 'EI D' 'AU
BOULEI, 'APOKRINOMENO$.
ET ^ 'ALL' 'EQELW0, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'APOKRINESQAI "OTI2 'AN4
BOULHI3.
SW ^ FERE DH SU, PO=TERA NOMIZEI$ TA DI=KAIA 'ADIKA 'EINAI
KAI TA 'ADIKA DI=KAIA, 'H= TA MEN DI=KAIA DI=KAIA, TA DE 'ADIKA
'ADIKA: ET ^ 'EGW MEN TA TE DI=KAIA DI=KAIA KAI TA 'ADIKA


<P 316A>
'ADIKA. SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI PARA PASIN "OUTW$ "W$ 'ENQADE NOMIZETAI:
ET ^ NAI. SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'EN PERSAI$: ET7 ^
KAI7 'EN7 PERSAI$7. SW ^ 'ALLA= 'AEI DHPOU: ET ^ 'AEI.
SW ^ POTERON DE TA PLEION "ELKONTA BARU=TERA NOMIZETAI
'ENQADE, TA DE 'ELATTON KOUFO=TERA, 'H= 'TOUNANTION: ET ^ 'OU=K,
'ALLA= TA PLEION "ELKONTA BARU=TERA, TA DE 'ELATTON KOUFO=TERA.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'EN KARCHDONI KAI 'EN LUKAIA\:
ET ^ NAI. SW ^ TA MEN KALA, "W$ 'EOIKE0, PANTACOU NOMIZETAI
<P 316B>
KALA KAI TA 'AISCRA 'AISCRA, 'ALL' 'OU TA 'AISCRA KALA 'OUDE
TA KALA 'AISCRA. ET ^ "OUTW$. SW ^ 'OUKOU*N, "W$ KATA PANTWN
'EIPEIN, TA 'ONTA NOMIZETAI 'EINAI, 'OU TA MH 'ONTA, KAI PAR'
"HMIN KAI PARA TOI$ 'ALLOI$ "APASIN. ET ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW ^ "O$4 'AN4 'A=RA TOU* 'ONTO$ "AMARTANHI5, TOU* NOMIMOU "AMARTANEI0.
ET ^ "OUTW MEN, 'W* SWKRATE$, "W$ SU LEGEI$, KAI FAINETAI
TAUTA NOMIMA KAI "HMIN 'AEI KAI TOI$ 'ALLOI$; 'EPEIDAN D' 'ENNOHSW4
<P 316C>
"OTI4 'OUDEN PAUOMEQA 'ANW KATW METATIQEMENOI TOU$
NOMOU$, 'OU DUNAMAI PEISQHNAI.
SW ^ 'ISW$ GAR 'OUK 'ENNOEI$ TAUTA METAPETTEUOMENA "OTI4
'TAUTA 'ESTIN. 'ALL' "WDE MET' 'EMOU4 'AUTA 'AQREI5. 'HDH POTE
'ENETUCE$ SUGGRAMMATI PERI= "UGIEIA$ TWN KAMNONTWN0: ET ^
'EGWGE. SW ^ 'OISQA 'OUN TI=NO$ TECNH$ TOUT' 'ESTI TO SUGGRAMMA:
ET ^ 'OIDA, "OTI4 'IATRIKH$. SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'IATROU$
KALEI$0 TOU$ 'EPISTHMONA$ PERI= TOUTWN: ET ^ FHMI. SW ^
<P 316D>
POTERON 'OUN "OI 'EPISTHMONE$ 'TAUTA PERI= TWN 'AUTWN NOMIZOUSIN0
'H= 'ALLOI 'A=LLA: ET ^ 'TAUTA 'EMOIGE DOKOUSI0. SW ^
POTERON "OI "ELLHNE$ MONOI TOI$ "ELLHSIN 'H=-KAI "OI BARBAROI
"AUTOI$ TE-KAI TOI$ "ELLHSI, PERI= "WN 'AN4 'EIDWSI, 'TAUTA NOMIZOUSI0:
ET ^ 'TAUTA DHPOU POLLH 'ANAGKH 'ESTIN TOU$ 'EIDOTA$
'AUTOU$ "AUTOI$ SUNNOMIZEIN KAI "ELLHNA$ KAI BARBAROU$.
SW ^ KALW$ GE 'APEKRINW. 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'AEI: ET ^ NAI,
KAI 'AEI.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI "OI 'IATROI SUGGRAFOUSI0 PERI= "UGIEIA$ "APER
<P 316E>
KAI NOMIZOUSIN0 'EINAI: ET ^ NAI. SW ^ 'IATRIKA 'A=RA-KAI
'IATRIKOI NOMOI TAUTA TA SUGGRAMMATA 'ESTIN TA TWN 'IATRWN.
ET ^ 'IATRIKA MENTOI. SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN-KAI TA GEWRGIKA SUGGRAMMATA
GEWRGIKOI NOMOI 'EISIN: ET ^ NAI. SW ^ TI=NWN
'OUN 'ESTIN TA PERI= KHPWN 'ERGASIA$ SUGGRAMMATA KAI NOMIMA:
ET _ KHPOURWN. SW _ KHPOURIKOI 'A=RA NOMOI "HMIN 'EISIN
"OUTOI. ET _ NAI. SW _ TWN 'EPISTAMENWN KHPWN 'ARCEIN:
ET _ PW*$ D' 'OU=: SW _ 'EPISTANTAI D' "OI KHPOUROI. ET _
NAI. SW _ TI=NWN DE TA PERI= 'OYOU SKEUASIA$ SUGGRAMMATA
TE-KAI NOMIMA: ET _ MAGEIRWN. SW _ MAGEIRIKOI 'A=RA "OUTOI
NOMOI 'EISI: ET _ MAGEIRIKOI. SW _ TWN 'EPISTAMENWN, "W$


<P 317A>
'EOIKEN0, 'OYOU SKEUASIA$ 'ARCEIN: ET ^ NAI. SW ^ 'EPISTANTAI
DE, "W$ FASIN0, "OI MAGEIROI: ET ^ 'EPISTANTAI GAR.
SW ^ 'EIEN; TI=NWN DE-DH TA PERI= POLEW$ DIOIKHSEW$ SUGGRAMMATA
TE-KAI NOMIMA 'ESTIN: 'A*R' 'OU TWN 'EPISTAMENWN
POLEWN 'ARCEIN: ET ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0. SW ^ 'EPISTANTAI DE
'ALLOI TINE$ 'H= "OI POLITIKOI TE-KAI "OI BASILIKOI: ET ^ "OUTOI
MEN-'OUN. SW ^ POLITIKA 'A=RA TAUTA SUGGRAMMATA 'ESTIN,
"OU$ "OI 'ANQRWPOI NOMOU$ KALOUSI0, BASILEWN TE-KAI 'ANDRWN
<P 317B>
'AGAQWN SUGGRAMMATA. ET ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW ^ 'ALLO TI 'OUN "OI GE 'EPISTAMENOI 'OUK 'ALLOTE 'A=LLA
SUGGRAYOUSI2 PERI= TWN 'AUTWN: ET ^ 'OU=. SW ^ 'OUDE METAQHSONTAI
POTE PERI= TWN 'AUTWN "E=TERA KAI "E=TERA NOMIMA:
ET ^ 'OU-DHTA. SW ^ 'EA=N 'OUN "ORWMEN2 TINA$ "OPOUOUN TOUTO
POIOUNTA$, PO=TERA FHSOMEN 'EPISTHMONA$ 'EINAI 'H= 'ANEPISTHMONA$
TOU$ TOUTO POIOUNTA$: ET ^ 'ANEPISTHMONA$. SW ^
'OUKOU*N-KAI "O= MEN 'AN4 'ORQON 'HI, NOMIMON 'AUTO FHSOMEN "EKASTWI
'EINAI, 'H= TO 'IATRIKON 'H= TO MAGEIRIKON 'H= TO KHPOURIKON:
<P 317C>
ET ^ NAI. SW ^ "O= D' 'AN4 MH 'ORQON 'HI, 'OUKETI FHSOMEN TOUTO
NOMIMON 'EINAI: ET ^ 'OUKETI. SW ^ 'ANOMON 'A=RA GIGNETAI.
ET ^ 'ANAGKH. SW ^ 'OUKOU*N-KAI 'EN TOI$ SUGGRAMMASI
TOI$ PERI= TWN DIKAIWN KAI 'ADIKWN KAI "OLW$ PERI= POLEW$
DIAKOSMHSEW$ TE-KAI PERI= TOU* "W$ CRH POLIN DIOIKEIN, TO MEN
'ORQON NOMO$ 'ESTI BASILIKO$, TO DE MH 'ORQON 'OU=, "O= DOKEI0
NOMO$ 'EINAI TOI$ MH 'EIDOSIN; 'ESTIN GAR 'ANOMON. ET ^ NAI.
<P 317D>
SW ^ 'ORQW$ 'A=RA "WMOLOGHSAMEN NOMON 'EINAI TOU* 'ONTO$
"EURESIN. ET ^ FAINETAI.
SW ^ 'ETI DE-KAI TODE 'EN 'AUTWI DIAQEWMEQA2. TI=$ 'EPISTHMWN
DIANEIMAI0 'EPI GHI TA SPERMATA: ET ^ GEWRGO$. SW ^ "OUTO$
DE TA 'A=XIA SPERMATA "EKASTHI GHI DIANEMEI0: ET ^ NAI.
SW ^ "O GEWRGO$ 'A=RA NOMEU$ 'AGAQO$ TOUTWN, KAI "OI TOUTOU
NOMOI KAI DIANOMAI 'EPI TAUTA 'ORQAI 'EISIN: ET ^ NAI.
SW ^ TI=$ DE KROUMATWN 'EPI TA MELH 'AGAQO$ NOMEU$, KAI TA
'A=XIA NEIMAI0: KAI "OI TI=NO$ NOMOI 'ORQOI 'EISIN: ET ^ "OI TOU*
<P 317E>
'AULHTOU KAI TOU* KIQARISTOU. SW ^ "O NOMIKWTATO$ 'A=RA 'EN
TOUTOI$, "OUTO$ 'AULHTIKWTATO$. ET ^ NAI. SW ^ TI=$ DE THN
TROFHN 'EPI TA TWN 'ANQRWPWN SWMATA DIANEIMAI0 'ARISTO$: 'OUC
"OSPER THN 'AXIAN: ET ^ NAI. SW ^ "AI TOUTOU 'A=RA DIANOMAI
KAI "OI NOMOI BELTISTOI, KAI "OSTI$ PERI= TAUTA NOMIKWTATO$,
KAI NOMEU$ 'ARISTO$. ET ^ PANU GE. SW ^ TI=$ "OUTO$:


<P 318A>
ET ^ PAIDOTRIBH$. SW ^ "OUTO$ THN 'ANQRWPEIAN 'AGELHN TOU*
SWMATO$ NEMEIN0 KRATISTO$: ET ^ NAI. SW ^ TI=$ DE THN TWN
PROBATWN 'AGELHN KRATISTO$ NEMEIN0: TI= 'ONOMA 'AUTWI: ET ^
POIMHN. SW ^ "OI TOU* POIMENO$ 'A=RA NOMOI 'ARISTOI TOI$ PROBATOI$.
ET ^ NAI. SW ^ "OI DE TOU* BOUKOLOU TOI$ BOUSI.
ET ^ NAI. SW ^ "OI DE TOU* TI=NO$ NOMOI 'ARISTOI TAI$ YUCAI$
TWN 'ANQRWPWN: 'OUC "OI TOU* BASILEW$: FAQI. ET ^ FHMI DH.
<P 318B>
SW ^ KALW$ TOINUN LEGEI$. 'ECOI$ 'AN4 'OUN 'EIPEIN TI=$ TWN
PALAIWN 'AGAQO$ GEGONEN0 'EN TOI$ 'AULHTIKOI$ NOMOI$ NOMOQETH$:
'ISW$ 'OUK 'ENNOEI$, 'ALL' 'EGW BOULEI SE "UPOMNHSW4:
ET ^ PANU MEN-'OUN. SW ^ 'A*R'-'OUN "O MARSUA$ LEGETAI KAI
TA PAIDIKA 'AUTOU4 'OLUMPO$ "O FRUX: ET ^ 'ALHQH LEGEI$.
SW ^ TOUTWN DH-KAI TA 'AULHMATA QEIOTATA 'ESTI, KAI MONA
KINEI0 KAI 'EKFAINEI0 TOU$ TWN QEWN 'EN CREIA\ 'ONTA$; KAI 'ETI KAI
<P 318C>
NU*N MONA LOIPA, "W$ QEI*A 'ONTA. ET ^ 'ESTI TAUTA. SW ^ TI=$ DE
LEGETAI TWN PALAIWN BASILEWN 'AGAQO$ NOMOQETH$ GEGONENAI,
"OU2 'ETI KAI NU*N TA NOMIMA MENEI0 "W$ QEI*A 'ONTA: ET ^ 'OUK 'ENNOW0.
SW ^ 'OUK 'OISQA TI=NE$ PALAIOTATOI$ NOMOI$ CRWNTAI0 TWN
"ELLHNWN:
ET ^ 'A*RA LAKEDAIMONIOU$ LEGEI$ KAI LUKOURGON TON
NOMOQETHN:
SW ^ 'ALLA= TAUTA GE 'OUDEPW 'ISW$ 'ETH TRIAKO=SIA 'H= 'OLIGWI
TOUTWN PLEIW. 'ALLA= TOUTWN TWN NOMIMWN TA BELTISTA PO=QEN
<P 318D>
"HKEI0: 'OISQA:
ET ^ FASI0 GE 'EK KRHTH$.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N "OUTOI PALAIOTATOI$ NOMOI$ CRWNTAI0 TWN
"ELLHNWN:
ET ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'OISQA 'OUN TI=NE$ TOUTWN 'AGAQOI BASILH$ 'HSAN:
MINW$ KAI "RADAMANQU$, "OI DIO$ KAI 'EURWPH$ PAIDE$, "WN
"OIDE 'EISIN "OI NOMOI.
ET ^ "RADAMANQUN GE FASIN0, 'W* SWKRATE$, DIKAION 'ANDRA,
TON DE MINWN 'AGRION TINA KAI CALEPON KAI 'ADIKON.
SW ^ 'ATTIKON, 'W* BELTISTE, LEGEI$ MUQON KAI TRAGIKON.
<P 318E>
ET ^ TI= DE: 'OU TAUTA LEGETAI PERI= MINW:
SW ^ 'OU=KOUN "UPO GE "OMHROU KAI "HSIODOU; KAITOI-GE
PIQANWTEROI 'EISIN 'H= SUMPANTE$ "OI TRAGWIDOPOIOI, "WN SU
'AKOUWN TAUTA LEGEI$.
ET ^ 'ALLA= TI= MHN "OUTOI PERI= MINW LEGOUSIN0:
SW ^ 'EGW DH SOI4 'ERW2, "INA MH KAI SU "WSPER "OI POLLOI
'ASEBHI$. 'OU-GAR 'ESQ' "OTI2 TOUTOU 'ASEBESTERON 'ESTIN 'OUD' "OTI2
CRH MALLON 'EULABEISQAI, PLHN 'EI$ QEOU$ KAI LOGWI KAI 'ERGWI
'EXAMARTANEIN, DEUTERON DE 'EI$ TOU$ QEIOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$; 'ALLA=
PANU POLLHN CRH PROMHQEIAN POIEISQAI 'AEI, "OTAN MELLHI$


<P 319A>
'ANDRA YEXEIN 'H= 'EPAINESESQAI, MH 'OUK 'ORQW$ 'EIPHI$. TOUTOU KAI
"ENEKA CRH MANQANEIN DIAGIGNWSKEIN CRHSTOU$ KAI PONHROU$
'ANDRA$. NEMESA*I0 GAR "O QEO$, "OTAN TI$ YEGHI5 TON "EAUTWI
"OMOION 'H= 'EPAINHI5 TON "EAUTWI 'ENANTIW$ 'ECONTA; 'ESTI D' "OUTO$
"O 'AGAQO$. MH-GAR TI 'OIOU LIQOU$ MEN 'EINAI "IEROU$ KAI XULA
KAI 'ORNEA KAI 'OFEI$, 'ANQRWPOU$ DE MH; 'ALLA= PANTWN
TOUTWN "IERWTATON 'ESTIN 'ANQRWPO$ "O 'AGAQO$, KAI MIARWTATON
"O PONHRO$.
'HDH 'OUN-KAI PERI= MINW, "W$ 'AUTON "OMHRO$ TE-KAI "HSIODO$
<P 319B>
'EGKWMIAZOUSI0, TOUTOU "ENEKA FRASW2, "INA MH 'ANQRWPO$ 'WN
'ANQRWPOU 'EI$ "HRW DIO$ "UON LOGWI 'EXAMARTANHI$. "OMHRO$
GAR PERI= KRHTH$ LEGWN "OTI4 POLLOI9 'ANQRWPOI9 'EN 'AUTHI 'EISIN
KAI9 'ENENHKONTA1 POLHE$9, THISI9 DE9, FHSIN %
'ENI9 KNWSO$9 MEGALH9 POLI$9, 'ENQA9 TE9 MINW$9
'ENNEWRO$9 BASILEUE9 DIO$9 MEGALOU9 'OARISTH$9.
<P 319C>
'ESTIN 'OUN TOUTO "OMHROU 'EGKWMION 'EI$ MINWN DIA= BRACEWN
'EIRHMENON, "OION 'OUD' 'EI$ "ENA TWN "HRWWN 'EPOIHSEN "OMHRO$.
"OTI4 MEN-GAR "O ZEU$ SOFISTH$ 'ESTIN KAI "H TECNH "AU=TH
PAGKALH 'ESTI, POLLACOU KAI 'ALLOQI DHLOI0, 'ATAR-KAI 'ENTAUQA.
LEGEI0 GAR TON MINWN SUGGIGNESQAI 'ENATWI 'ETEI TW*I DII 'EN
LOGOI$ KAI FOITAN PAIDEUQHSOMENON "W$ "UPO SOFISTOU 'ONTO$
TOU* DIO$. "OTI4 'OUN TOUTO TO GERA$ 'OUK 'ESTIN "OTWI 'APENEIMEN
"OMHRO$ TWN "HRWWN, "UPO DIO$ PEPAIDEUSQAI, 'ALLWI 'H= MINWI,
<P 319D>
TOUT' 'ESTIN 'EPAINO$ QAUMASTO$. KAI 'ODUSSEIA$ 'EN NEKUIA\
DIKAZONTA CRUSOUN1 SKHPTRON9 'ECONTA9 PEPOIHKE0 TON MINWN,
'OU TON "RADAMANQUN; "RADAMANQUN DE-'OUT' 'ENTAUQA DIKAZONTA
PEPOIHKEN0 'OUTE SUGGIGNOMENON TW*I DII 'OUDAMOU. DIA=
TAUTA FHM' 'EGW MINWN "APANTWN MALISTA "UPO "OMHROU
'EGKEKWMIASQAI. TO GAR DIO$ 'ONTA PAIDA MONON "UPO DIO$
PEPAIDEUSQAI 'OUK 'ECEI0 "UPERBOLHN 'EPAINOU % TOUTO GAR SHMAINEI0
TO 'EPO$ TO %
'ENNEWRO$9 BASILEUE9 DIO$9 MEGALOU9 'OARISTH$9,
<P 319E>
SUNOUSIASTHN TOU* DIO$ 'EINAI TON MINWN: "OI GAR 'OAROI LOGOI
'EISIN, KAI 'OARISTH$ SUNOUSIASTH$ 'ESTIN 'EN LOGOI$ % 'EFOITA
'OUN DI' 'ENATOU 'ETOU$ 'EI$ TO TOU* DIO$ 'ANTRON "O MINW$, TA MEN
MAQHSOMENO$, TA DE 'APODEIXOMENO$ "A THI PROTERA\ 'ENNEETHRIDI
'EMEMAQHKEI PARA TOU* DIO$. 'EISIN DE "OI=4 "UPOLAMBANOUSI0 TON
'OARISTHN SUMPOTHN KAI SUMPAISTHN 'EINAI TOU* DIO$, 'ALLA=
TWIDE 'AN4 TI$ TEKMHRIWI CRWITO "OTI4 'OUDEN LEGOUSIN0 "OI "OUTW$


<P 320A>
"UPOLAMBANONTE$; POLLWN GAR 'ONTWN0 'ANQRWPWN KAI "ELLHNWN
KAI BARBARWN, 'OUK 'ESTIN "OITINE$ 'APECONTAI SUMPOSIWN
KAI TAUTH$ TH$ PAIDIA$, "OU4 'ESTIN 'OINO$, 'ALLOI 'H= KRHTE$ KAI
LAKEDAIMONIOI DEUTEROI, MAQONTE$ PARA KRHTWN. 'EN KRHTHI
DE "EI$ "OUTO$ 'ESTI TWN 'ALLWN NOMWN "OU$ MINW$ 'EQHKE, MH
SUMPINEIN 'ALLHLOI$ 'EI$ MEQHN. KAITOI DHLON "OTI4 "A 'ENOMIZEN
KALA 'EINAI, TAUTA NOMIMA 'EQHKEN KAI TOI$ "AUTOU POLITAI$.
<P 320B>
'OU-GAR-POU, "WSPER GE FAULO$ 'ANQRWPO$, "O MINW$ 'ENOMIZEN
MEN "E=TERA, 'EPOIEI DE 'A=LLA PAR' "A 'ENOMIZEN; 'ALLA= 'H*N "AU=TH
"H SUNOUSIA "WSPER 'EGW LEGW0, DIA= LOGWN 'EPI PAIDEIA\ 'EI$
'ARETHN. "OQEN DH-KAI TOU$ NOMOU$ TOUTOU$ 'EQHKE TOI$ "AUTOU
POLITAI$, DI' "OU$ "H TE KRHTH TON PANTA CRONON 'EUDAIMONEI0
KAI LAKEDAIMWN, 'AF' "OU 'HRXATO TOUTOI$ CRHSQAI, "ATE QEIOI$
'OUSIN.
"RADAMANQU$ DE 'AGAQO$ MEN 'H*N 'ANHR; 'EPEPAIDEUTO GAR
<P 320C>
"UPO TOU* MINW. 'EPEPAIDEUTO MENTOI 'OUC "OLHN THN BASILIKHN
TECNHN, 'ALL' "UPHRESIAN THI BASILIKHI, "OSON 'EPISTATEIN 'EN
TOI$ DIKASTHRIOI$; "OQEN KAI DIKASTH$ 'AGAQO$ 'ELECQH 'EINAI.
NOMOFULAKI GAR 'AUTWI 'ECRHTO "O MINW$ KATA TO 'ASTU, TA DE
KATA THN 'ALLHN KRHTHN TW*I TALWI. "O GAR TALW$ TRI$
PERIHIEI TOU* 'ENIAUTOU KATA TA$ KWMA$, FULATTWN TOU$ NOMOU$
'EN 'AUTAI$, 'EN CALKOI$ GRAMMATEIOI$ 'ECWN GEGRAMMENOU$ TOU$
NOMOU$, "OQEN CALKOU$ 'EKLHQH. 'EIRHKE0 DE-KAI "HSIODO$ 'ADELFA
<P 320D>
TOUTWN 'EI$ TON MINWN. MNHSQEI$ GAR 'AUTOU4 TOU* 'ONOMATO$
FHSIN %
"O$94 BASILEUTATO$9 GENETO1 QNHTWN1 BASILHWN9
KAI9 PLEISTWN9 'HNASSE1 PERIKTIONWN9 'ANQRWPWN9,
ZHNO$9 'ECWN9 SKHPTRON9; TW*I9 KAI9 POLEWN9 BASILEUEN9.
KAI "OUTO$ LEGEI0 TO TOU* DIO$ SKHPTRON 'OUDEN 'ALLO 'H= THN
PAIDEIAN THN TOU* DIO$, "HI 'EUQUNE2 THN KRHTHN.
ET ^ DIA= TI= 'OUN POTE, 'W* SWKRATE$, "AU=TH "H FHMH KATESKEDASTAI
<P 320E>
TOU* MINW "W$ 'APAIDEUTOU TINO$ KAI CALEPOU 'ONTO$:
SW ^ DI' "O= KAI SU, 'W* BELTISTE, 'EA=N SWFRONHI$, 'EULABHSHI2,
KAI 'ALLO$ PA$ 'ANHR "OTWI MELEI0 TOU* 'EUDOKIMON 'EINAI, MHDEPOTE
'APECQANESQAI 'ANDRI POIHTIKWI MHDENI. "OI GAR POIHTAI MEGA
DUNANTAI 'EI$ DOXAN, 'EF' "OPO=TERA 'AN4 POIWSIN 'EI$ TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$,
'H= 'EULOGOUNTE$ 'H= KAKHGOROUNTE$. "O= DH-KAI 'EXHMARTEN
"O MINW$, POLEMHSA$ THIDE THI POLEI, 'EN "HI 'ALLH TE POLLH
SOFIA 'ESTI KAI POIHTAI PANTODAPOI TH$ TE 'ALLH$ POIHSEW$


<P 321A>
KAI TRAGWIDIA$. "H DE TRAGWIDIA 'ESTIN PALAION 'ENQADE, 'OUC
"W$ 'OIONTAI 'APO QESPIDO$ 'ARXAMENH 'OUD' 'APO FRUNICOU, 'ALL'
'EI QELEI$ 'ENNOHSAI0, PANU PALAION 'AUTO "EURHSEI$ 'ON THSDE
TH$ POLEW$ "EURHMA. 'ESTIN DE TH$ POIHSEW$ DHMOTERPESTATON
TE-KAI YUCAGWGIKWTATON "H TRAGWIDIA; 'EN "HI DH-KAI 'ENTEINONTE$
"HMEI$ TON MINWN TIMWROUMEQA 'ANQ' "WN "HMA$ 'HNAGKASE TOU$
DASMOU$ TELEIN0 'EKEINOU$. TOUTO 'OUN 'EXHMARTEN "O MINW$,
'APECQOMENO$ "HMIN, "OQEN DH, "O= SU 'ERWTA*I$0, KAKODOXOTERO$
<P 321B>
GEGONEN0. 'EPEI "OTI4 GE 'AGAQO$ 'H*N KAI NOMIMO$, "OPER KAI 'EN TOI$
PROSQEN 'ELEGOMEN, NOMEU$ 'AGAQO$, TOUTO MEGISTON SHMEION,
"OTI4 'AKINHTOI 'AUTOU4 "OI NOMOI 'EISIN, "ATE TOU* 'ONTO$ PERI= POLEW$
'OIKHSEW$ 'EXEURONTO$ 'EU THN 'ALHQEIAN.
ET ^ DOKEI$ MOI, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EIKOTA TON LOGON 'EIRHKENAI.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EI 'EGW 'ALHQH LEGW0, DOKOUSI0 SOI4 PALAIOTATOI$
KRHTE$ "OI MINW KAI "RADAMANQUO$ POLITAI NOMOI$
CRHSQAI:
ET ^ FAINONTAI.
SW ^ "OUTOI 'A=RA TWN PALAIWN 'ARISTOI NOMOQETAI GEGONASIN,
<P 321C>
NOMH$ TE-KAI POIMENE$ 'ANDRWN, "WSPER KAI "OMHRO$
'EFH POIMENA9 LAWN9 'EINAI TON 'AGAQON STRATHGON.
ET ^ PANU MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ FERE DH PRO$ DIO$ FILIOU; 'EI TI$ "HMA$ 'EROITO, "O TW*I
SWMATI 'AGAQO$ NOMOQETH$ TE-KAI NOMEU$ TI= 'ESTIN TAUTA "A
DIANEMWN0 'EPI TO SWMA BELTION 'AUTO POIEI0, 'EIPOIMEN 'AN4 KALW$
TE-KAI DIA= BRACEWN 'APOKRINOMENOI, "OTI4 TROFHN TE-KAI PONOU$,
THI MEN 'AUXWN, TOI$ DE GUMNAZWN KAI SUNISTA$ TO SWMA 'AUTO.
ET ^ 'ORQW$ GE.
<P 321D>
SW ^ 'EI 'OUN-DH META TOUTO 'EROITO "HMA$, TI= DE-DH POTE
'EKEINA 'ESTIN, "A7 "O 'AGAQO$ NOMOQETH$ TE-KAI NOMEU$ DIANEMWN0
'EPI THN YUCHN BELTIW 'AUTHN POIEI0: TI= 'AN4 'APOKRINAMENOI
'OUK 'AN4 'AISCUNQEIMEN KAI "UPER "HMWN-'AUTWN KAI TH$ "HLIKIA$
"AUTWN:
ET ^ 'OUKETI TOUT' 'ECW0 'EIPEIN.
SW ^ 'ALLA=-MENTOI 'AISCRON GE THI YUCHI "HMWN 'ESTIN
"EKATEROU, TA MEN 'EN 'AUTAI$ FAINESQAI MH 'EIDUIA$, 'EN "OI$
'AUTAI$ 'ENESTI KAI TO 'AGAQON KAI TO FLAURON, TA DE TOU*
SWMATO$ KAI TA TWN 'ALLWN 'ESKEFQAI.


<B SIS>

<P 387B>
SW _ "HMEI$ DE-KAI CQE$ SE POLUN CRONON 'ANEMEINAMEN, 'W*
SISUFE, 'EPI THI STRATONIKOU 'EPIDEIXEI, "OPW$ 'AN4 SUNHKROW "HMIN
'ANDRO$ SOFOU POLLA TE-KAI KALA 'EPIDEIKNUMENOU PRAGMATA
KAI LOGWI KAI 'ERGWI, KAI 'EPEI SE 'OUKETI 'WIOMEQA PARESESQAI,
'AUTOI 'HDH 'HKROWMEQA 'TANDRO$.
SI _ NAI MA TON DI=A; 'ASCOLIA GAR MOI TI$ 'EGENETO
'ANAGKAIOTE=RA, "WSTE MH PARAMELHSAI0 'AUTH$. "OI GAR 'ARCONTE$
<P 387C>
"HMWN 'EBOULEUONTO CQE$; SUMBOULEUEIN 'OUN "AUTOI$ 'HNAGKAZON
ME. "HMIN DE TOI$ FARSALIOI$ KAI NOMO$ 'ESTI TOI$ 'ARCOUSI4
PEIQESQAI, 'AN2 KELEUWSI SUMBOULEUEIN TINA "HMWN 'AUTOI$.
SW _ 'ALLA= KALON TO TE TW*I NOMWI PEIQESQAI, TO TE "UPO
TWN POLITWN DEDOXASQAI 'EUBOULON 'EINAI, "WSPER KAI SU
DEDOXASAI 'EUBOULO$ 'EINAI "EI$ TWN FARSALIWN. 'ATAR, 'W*
SISUFE, 'EGW GAR 'OUPW PERI= TOU* 'EU BOULEUESQAI TOU$ LOGOU$
<P 387D>
'AN4 DUNAIMHN POIHSASQAI PRO$ SE, "HGOUMENO$ KAI SCOLH$ 'EINAI
POLLH$ KAI LOGOU MAKROU, 'ALLA= PERI= 'AUTOU4 TOU* BOULEUESQAI
PRWTON, "OTI2 'ESTIN, 'EGCEIRHSAIM' 'AN4 DIALECQHNAI SOI4. 'A*R'-'OUN
'ECOI$ 'AN4 MOI 'EIPEIN 'AUTO TO BOULEUESQAI "OTI2 POT' 'ESTIN: MH
MOI 'H= TO 'EU 'H= KAKW$ 'H= TO KALW$ PW$, 'ALL' 'AUTO MONON TO
BOULEUESQAI, "OPOION TI 'ESTIN. 'H=-KAI PANU "RA\DIW$, 'AUTO$
GE "OUTW$ 'EUBOULO$ 'WN: 'ALLA= MH 'EMH PERIERGIA 'HI KAI TO
'ERWTHSAI0 SE PERI= TOUTOU:
SI _ 'H* SOI4 GAR 'AGNWSTON 'ESTIN "OTI2 TO BOULEUESQAI 'ESTIN:
<P 387E>
SW _ 'EMOIGE, 'W* SISUFE, 'EI GE TI 'ALLO 'ESTIN 'H= "OPER TO
MH 'EPISTAMENON TINA PERI= "WN 'AN4 DEHI5 TI PRATTEIN, DIAMANTEUOMENON
KAI SCEDIAZONTA LEGEIN "OTI2 'AN4 TUCHI6, 'EIKAZONTA KAI
KATA 'TAUTA "AUTWI, "WSPER KAI "OI 'ARTIAZONTE$ TWN 'ANQRWPWN,
'OUDEN 'EPISTAMENOI DHPOU PERI= TWN 'ARTIWN TE-KAI PERITTWN
"WN 'AN4 'EN TAI$ CERSIN TAI$ "AUTWN 'ECWSIN, "OMW$ 'EPITUGCANOUSI0


<P 388A>
LEGONTE$ PERI= TWN 'AUTWN 'TALHQH. POLLAKI$ MEN-'OUN TOIOUTON
TI KAI TO BOULEUESQAI 'ESTIN, "OION MHDEN 'EPISTAMENON PERI= "WN
'AN4 BOULEUHTAI TI$, 'APO TUCH$ 'EIPONTA 'EPITUGCANEIN 'TALHQH.
'EI MEN-'OUN TOIOUTON 'ESTIN, GIGNWSKW0 DH "OION TO BOULEUESQAI
'ESTIN; 'EI MENTOI-GE MH TOIOUTON 'ESTIN, 'OUK 'AN4 PW 'EPISTAIMHN
'AUTO.
SI _ 'OU-TOINUN TOIOUTON 'ESTIN "OPER TO MH 'EPISTASQAI
KOMIDHI MHDE TI, 'ALL' "OION TO MEN 'EIDENAI TI TOU* PRAGMATO$
'HDH, TO DE MHDEPW 'EPISTASQAI.
<P 388B>
SW _ 'A*RA TOIONDE TI LEGEI$ TO BOULEUESQAI PRO$ TOU*
DIO$ % "WSPER GAR 'AN4 KAI 'AUTO$ "UPOMANTEUESQAI MOI DOKW0
THN DIANOIAN SOU4 PERI= TOU* 'EU BOULEUESQAI % "OION TO ZHTEIN
TA BELTISTA 'EXEUREIN TINA "EAUTWI DIAPRAXASQAI, MHDEPW DE
'EPISTASQAI SAFW$, 'ALL' "WSPER 'EN NOHSEI TINA 'EINAI: TOUTO
'OUC "OUTW PW$ LEGEI$:
SI _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ ZHTOUSI0 D' "OI 'ANQRWPOI POTERON "A 'AN4 'EPISTWNTAI
<P 388C>
TWN PRAGMATWN, 'H=-KAI "A 'AN4 MH 'EPISTWNTAI: SI _ 'AMFO=TERA.
SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN-KAI TOUQ' "OUTW$ PW$ LEGEI$, TO ZHTEIN 'AMFO=TERA
TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$, "A 'AN4 TE 'EPISTWNTAI KAI "A 'AN4 MH
'EPISTWNTAI, "OMOION "WSPER 'EI TI$ KALLISTRATON GIGNWSKOI
MEN "OSTI$ "O KALLISTRATO$, MH-MENTOI 'EPISTAITO "OPOU 'EIH
'EXEUREIN, 'OUC "OSTI$ 'EIH "O KALLISTRATO$. 'A*R' "OUTW PW$
LEGEI$ TO ZHTEIN 'EINAI 'AMFO=TERA: SI _ 'EGWGE. SW _ 'OUKOU*N
'EKEINO MEN 'OUK 'AN4 ZHTOIH, TON KALLISTRATON 'EIDENAI, "O GE
<P 388D>
'EIDW$: SI _ 'OU-GAR. SW _ "OPOU DE-GE 'EIH, ZHTOIH 'AN4 'AUTON.
SI _ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0. SW _ 'OUKOU*N-'OUDE TOUTO 'EZHTEI, "OPOU
'H*N 'EXEUREIN 'AUTON, 'EI 'HIDEI; 'ALL' 'EXHUREN 'AN4 'EUQEW$:
SI _ NAI.
SW _ 'OUK-'A=RA TAUTA GE-DH ZHTOUSIN0 "ATTA 'AN4 'EPISTWNTAI
"OI 'ANQRWPOI, 'ALLA= "A 'AN4 MH 'EPISTWNTAI, "W$ 'EOIKEN0. 'EI DE SOI4
"OUTO$ "O LOGO$ 'ERISTIKO$ 'EINAI DOKEI0, 'W* SISUFE, KAI MH TOU*
PRAGMATO$ "ENEKA LEGESQAI 'ALL' 'AUTOU4 TOU* DIALEGESQAI MONON,
<P 388E>
SKOPEI5 DE-KAI "WDE 'EA=N DOKHI5 SOI4 "OUTW$ 'ECEIN "WSPER KAI NU*N
LEGETAI. 'A*RA-GAR 'OUK 'EN THI GEWMETRIA\ 'OISQA TOUTO GIGNOMENON;
'AGNOOUMENHN THN DIAMETRON TOI$ GEWMETRAI$, 'OUK 'EI
DIAMETRO$ 'ESTIN 'H= MH % 'OUDE-GAR-'OUDE ZHTEITAI TOUTO "UP' 'AUTWN
"EUREQHNAI % 'ALL' "OPOSH TI$ 'ESTIN METRWI PRO$ TA$ PLEURA$ TWN
CWRIWN "WN 'AN4 DIATEMNHI5: 'A*R' 'OU TOUTO 'ESTIN 'AUTO TO ZHTOUMENON
PERI= 'AUTH$: SI _ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0. SW _ "OPER KAI
'AGNOEITAI. 'H*-GAR: SI _ PANU GE. SW _ TI DE: "O TOU* KUBOU
DIPLASIASMO$ 'OUK 'OISQ' "OTI4 ZHTEITAI TOI$ GEWMETRAI$ "OPOSO$
TI$ 'ESTIN "EUREQHNAI LOGWI: 'AUTO$ DE "O KUBO$ 'OU ZHTEITAI
'AUTOI$ 'EI KUBO$ 'ESTIN 'H= MH, 'ALL' 'EPISTANTAI TOUTO GE. 'H*-GAR:


<P 389A>
SI _ NAI. SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI PERI= TOU* 'AERO$ 'ANAXAGORAN
TE-KAI 'EMPEDOKLEA KAI TOU$ 'ALLOU$ TOU$ METARSIOLESCA$
"APANTA$ 'OISQA ZHTOUNTA$ POTERON 'APEIRO$ 'ESTIN 'H= PERA$
'ECWN: SI _ NAI. SW _ 'ALL' 'OUK 'EKEINO, 'EI 'AHR 'ESTIN. 'H*-GAR:
SI _ 'OU-DHTA. SW _ SUGCWRHSAI$ 'AN4 'OUN MOI KAI
KATA TWN 'ALLWN PANTWN "OUTW$ 'ECEIN 'HDH, MHDEN MHDENI 'EINAI
ZHTEIN TWN 'ANQRWPWN "WN 'AN4 'EPISTHTAI TI$, 'ALLA= MALLON "WN
'AN4 MH 'EPISTHTAI: SI _ 'EGWGE.
<P 389B>
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TO BOULEUESQAI TOUTO 'EDOKEI "HMIN 'EINAI
'AUTO, TO ZHTEIN TA BELTISTA TINA 'EXEUREIN PERI= "WN 'AN4 DEOITO
DIAPRATTESQAI 'AUTWI: SI _ NAI. SW _ TO DE ZHTEIN GE "OPER
TO BOULEUESQAI 'H*N PERI= TWN PRAGMATWN. 'H*-GAR: SI _ PANU
MEN-'OUN. SW _ 'OUKOU*N SKEPTEON "HMIN 'ESTI NU*N 'HDH TI= 'ESTIN
'EMPODWN TOI$ ZHTOUSIN4 PERI= "WN 'AN4 THN ZHTHSIN POIWNTAI 'EI$
TO 'EXEUREIN. SI _ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0. SW _ 'A*R'-'OUN 'ALLO TI
<P 389C>
FAIHMEN 'AN4 'AUTOI$ 'EMPODWN 'EINAI 'H= THN 'ANEPISTHMOSUNHN:
SI _ SKOPWMEN NH DI=A.
SW _ "UPERFUW$ MEN-'OUN, TO LEGOMENON GE, PANTA KA=LWN
'EFENTE$ KAI PASAN FWNHN 'AFIENTE$. 'AQREI5 DE-DH MET' 'EMOU4
TODE; 'A*RA-GE NOMIZEI$ "OION-TE TI 'EINAI 'ANQRWPWI PERI= MOUSIKH$
BOULEUESQAI, MHTE 'EPISTAMENWI PERI= MOUSIKH$, MHDE "OPW$ 'H=
KIQARISTEON 'EIH 'AUTWI 'H= 'ALLO TI TWN KATA MOUSIKHN POIHTEON:
SI _ 'OUK 'EGWGE. SW _ TI= DE PERI= STRATHGIA$ 'H= KUBERNHTIKH$:
<P 389D>
TON MH 'EPISTAMENON MHDE=TRA TOUTWN 'OIEI 'ECEIN 'AN4 TI
BOULEUESQAI PERI= TOUTWN TOU* "ETEROU "OTI2 POIHTEON 'EIH 'AUTWI:
"OPW$ 'H= STRATHGHTEON 'H= KUBERNHTEON 'EKEINWI 'AUTWI TW*I MH
'EPISTAMENWI MHTE STRATHGEIN MHTE KUBERNAN: SI _ 'OUCI.
SW _ 'H*-KAI PERI= TWN 'ALLWN 'OUN "APANTWN "OUTW$ 'AXIOI$0 'ECEIN,
PERI= "WN 'AN4 MH 'EPISTHTAI TI$, MH 'EIDENAI MHDE BOULEUESQAI
PW DUNATON TW*I MH 'EPISTAMENWI PERI= 'AUTWN: SI _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'ALLA= ZHTEIN PERI= "WN 'AN4 TI$ MH 'EPISTHMWN 'HI. 'H*-GAR:
<P 389E>
SI _ PANU MEN-'OUN. SW _ TO MEN 'AUTO 'A=RA 'OUK 'AN4 'ETI 'EIH TO
ZHTEIN TW*I BOULEUESQAI. SI _ PW*$ DH: SW _ "OTI4 TO MEN
ZHTEIN 'ESTI DHPOU 'EPI TOUTOI$ "OI$ 'AN4 MH 'EPISTHTAI TI$, TO
DE BOULEUESQAI 'OUC "OION-T'-'EINAI DOKEI0 PERI= TAUTA 'ANQRWPWI,
PERI= "A 'AN4 TI$ MH 'EPISTHMWN 'HI. 'H= 'OUC "OUTW$ 'ELECQH:
SI _ PANU GE.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N "UMEI$ CQE$ 'EZHTEITE TA BELTISTA 'EXEUREIN THI
POLEI, 'OUK 'HPISTASQE DE 'AUTA: 'EI GAR 'HPISTASQE, 'OUK 'AN4 'ETI
DHPOU 'EZHTEITE 'AUTA, "WSPER 'OUDE 'ALLO 'OUDEN "WN 'AN4 'EPISTWMEQA
ZHTOUMEN. 'H*-GAR: SI _ 'OU-GAR-'OUN. SW _ POTERON
'OUN SOI4 DOKEI0 CRHNAI0, 'W* SISUFE, 'AN2 MH 'EPISTHTAI TI$, ZHTEIN


<P 390A>
'H= MANQANEIN: SI _ MANQANEIN 'EMOIGE NH DI=A. SW _ 'ORQW$
GE SOI4 DOKEI0. 'ALL'-'A*RA-GE-KAI DIA= TOUTO SOI4 DOKEI0 CRHNAI0
MANQANEIN MALLON 'H= ZHTEIN, DIOTI QATTON 'AN4 KAI "RA*ION 'EXEUROI
TI$, 'EI PARA TWN 'EPISTAMENWN MANQANOI, 'H= 'EI 'AUTO$ "O MH
'EIDW$ ZHTOIH: 'H= DI' 'ALLO TI: SI _ 'OU=K, 'ALLA= DIA= TOUTO.
SW _ TI= 'OUN 'OUK 'AMELHSANTE$ CQE$ "UMEI$ TOU* BOULEUESQAI
PERI= "WN 'AN4 MH 'EPISTASQE, KAI TOU* ZHTEIN TA BELTISTA DIAPRATTESQAI
'EN THI POLEI, 'EMANQANETE PARA TWN 'EPISTAMENWN
<P 390B>
TINO$, "OPW$ 'AN4 'EDUNASQE TA BELTISTA DIAPRATTESQAI THI
POLEI: 'ALL' 'EDOKEITE MOI THN "HMERAN "OLHN THN CQE$ 'AUTOSCEDIAZONTE$
KAI DIAMANTEUOMENOI KAQHSQAI PERI= "WN 'OUK 'HPISTASQE,
'AMELHSANTE$ MANQANEIN, "OI TE 'ARCONTE$ TH$ POLEW$
KAI SU META TOUTWN. 'ISW$ D' 'AN4 FAIH$ TAUTA 'EMOI4 TE 'EINAI
PEPAIGMENA PRO$ SE TOU* DIALECQHNAI MONON "EINEKA, SOI4 TE
<P 390C>
'OUK 'ESPOUDASMENW$ 'APODEDEICQAI. 'ALLA= TOUTO GE PRO$ DIO$,
'W* SISUFE, SKOPEI5 NU*N SPOUDHI; 'EI DOQEIH TO BOULEUSASQAI
TI 'EINAI, KAI MH "WSPER NU*N 'OUDEN 'EXEURISKETAI 'ALLOION 'H= "OPER
'EPISTHMH TE-KAI 'EIKASIA KAI SCEDIASMO$, 'ONOMATI SEMNOTERWI
MONON KECRHMENON TOUTWI, 'ALLWI D' 'OUDENI, 'A*R' 'AN4 'OIEI 'AUTWI
DIENEGKEIN TI "ETEROU$ "ETERWN PRO$ TO 'EU BOULEUESQAI TE-KAI
'EUBOULOU$ 'EINAI, "WSPER KAI 'EN TAI$ 'ALLAI$ 'EPISTHMAI$
"APASAI$ DIAFEROUSIN0 "ETEROI "ETERWN, TEKTONE$ TEKTONWN 'IATROI
<P 390D>
TE 'IATRWN 'AULHTAI TE 'AULHTWN, "OI TE 'ALLOI DHMIOURGOI
"APANTE$, 'AUTOI TE "AUTWN DIAFEROUSIN0, "WSPER KAI "OUTOI "OI
'EN TAUTAI$ TAI$ TECNAI$: 'H* "OUTW$ KAI 'EN TW*I BOULEUESQAI 'OIEI
'AN4 TI DIENEGKEIN "ETEROU$ "ETERWN:
SI _ 'EGWGE.
SW _ 'EIPE= DH MOI; 'OUC "APANTE$ "OI TE 'EU BOULEUOMENOI KAI
"OI KAKW$ PERI= MELLONTWN0 TINWN 'ESESQAI BOULEUONTAI:
SI _ PANU GE. SW _ 'ALLO TI 'OUN 'H= TA MELLONTA 'OUPW 'ESTIN:
SI _ 'OU-GAR-DH. SW _ 'EI GAR 'EIH, 'OUK 'AN4 'ETI DHPOU MELLOI
<P 390E>
'ESESQAI, 'ALL' 'EIH 'AN4 'HDH. 'H*-GAR: SI _ NAI. SW _ 'OUKOU*N
'EI MHPW 'ESTIN, "OUTW$ 'OUDE GEGONE0 TA MH 'ONTA: SI _ 'OU-GAR.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EI MHPW MHDE GEGONEN0, 'OUPW 'OUDE FUSIN 'ECEI0
'OUDEMIAN 'AUTWN: SI _ 'OU-GAR-'OUN. SW _ 'ALLO TI 'OUN 'H= "OI
TE 'EU BOULEUOMENOI KAI "OI KAKW$ "APANTE$ BOULEUONTAI PERI=
PRAGMATWN 'OUTE 'ONTWN0 'OUTE GEGENHMENWN 'OUTE FUSIN 'OUDEMIAN
'ECONTWN0, "OTAN PERI= TWN MELLONTWN0 BOULEUWNTAI:
SI _ FAINONTAI GE.
SW _ DOKEI0 'OUN SOI4 DUNATON 'EINAI TOU* MH 'ONTO$ TUCEIN
TINI 'H= 'EU 'H= KAKW$:
SI _ PW*$ TOUTO LEGEI$:
SW _ 'EGW SOI4 FRASW2 "O= GE BOULOMAI 'EIPEIN. SKOPEI5 GAR.


<P 391A>
PW*$ 'AN4 TOXOTWN POLLWN DIAGNOIH$ TON TE CRHSTON KAI TON
PONHRON "OSTI$ 'EIH 'AUTWN: 'H= TOUTO MEN 'OU CALEPON 'EIDENAI:
'ISW$ GAR 'AN4 KELEUOI$ 'AUTOU$ 'EPI SKOPOU TINO$ TOXEUEIN. 'H*-GAR:
SI _ PANU MEN-'OUN. SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TON PLEISTAKI$
BALLONTA TOU* SKOPOU KAT' 'ORQON KRINOI$0 'AN4 NIKAN: SI _
'EGWGE. SW _ 'EI DE SKOPO$ MHDEI$ 'EIH KEIMENO$ 'AUTOI$ TOU*
TOXEUEIN, 'ALL' "EKASTO$ BALLOI "OPW$ BOULOITO, PW*$ 'AN4
<P 391B>
DIAGNOIH$ TON 'EU 'H= KAKW$ TOXEUONTA 'AUTWN: SI _ 'OUDAMW$.
SW _ 'OUKOU*N-KAI TOU$ BOULEUOMENOU$ 'H= 'EU 'H= KAKW$, 'EI MH
'EPISTAINTO PERI= "OTOU BOULEUOINTO, 'APORHSEIA$ 'AN4 DIAGNWNAI0:
SI _ 'EGWGE. SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EI PERI= MELLONTWN0 PRAGMATWN
BOULEUONTAI "OI BOULEUOMENOI, PERI= TWN 'OUK 'ONTWN0 BOULEUONTAI:
SI _ PANU GE. SW _ 'OUKOU*N TOU* GE MH 'ONTO$ 'OUC
"OION-T' 'OUDENI TUCEIN 'ESTIN: PW*$ GAR 'AN4 TI$ SOI4 DOKEI0 TOU* MH
<P 391C>
'ONTO$ DUNASQAI TUCEIN: SI _ 'OUDAMW$. SW _ 'OUKOU*N 'EPEIDH
'OUK 'ESTIN TOU* MH 'ONTO$ TUGCANEIN "OION-TE, 'OUDEI$ 'AN4 'ETI PERI=
TWN MH 'ONTWN0 BOULEUOMENO$ TUGCANOI: TA GAR MELLONTA TWN
'OUK 'ONTWN0 'ESTIN. 'H*-GAR: SI _ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0. SW _ 'OUKOU*N-'OUD'
"O MH TUGCANWN TWN MELLONTWN0, 'OUDEI$ 'AN4 'OUT' 'EUBOULO$
'OUTE KAKOBOULO$ 'EIH 'ANQRWPWN 'ETI: SI _ 'OU FAINETAI.
SW _ 'OUDE-GE 'EUBOULOTERO$ 'OUDE KAKOBOULOTERO$ "ETERO$
"ETEROU 'EINAI, 'EI KAI MH 'EPITUCESTERO$ KAI 'APOTUCESTERO$ 'EIH
<P 391D>
TOU* MH 'ONTO$. SI _ 'OU-GAR-'OUN.
SW _ PRO$ TI= 'OUN POTE 'APOBLEPONTE$ 'ANQRWPOI PRAGMA,
'APOKALOUSIN0 'ANQRWPOU$ 'EUBOULOU$ TE-KAI KAKOBOULOU$ 'EINAI
TINA$: 'A*RA-GE 'AXION 'ESTIN KAI 'AUQI$ POTE PERI= 'AUTOU4 'ENQUMHQHNAI,
'W* SISUFE:


<B QEAG>


<P 121A>
DH ^ 'W* SWKRATE$, 'EDEOMHN 'ATTA SOI4 'IDIOLOGHSASQAI,
'EI SCOLH; 'KAN4 'EI 'ASCOLIA DE MH PANU TI$ MEGALH, "OMW$
'EMOU4 "ENEKA POIHSAI2 SCOLHN.
SW ^ 'ALLA=-KAI 'ALLW$ TUGCANW0 SCOLAZWN, KAI-DH SOU4
GE "ENEKA KAI PANU. 'ALL' 'EI TI BOULEI LEGEIN, 'EXESTIN.
DH ^ BOULEI 'OUN DEURO 'EI$ THN TOU* DIO$ TOU* 'ELEUQERIOU
STOAN 'EKPODWN 'APOCWRHSWMEN:
SW ^ 'EI SOI4 DOKEI0.
<P 121B>
DH ^ 'IWMEN DH. 'W* SWKRATE$, PANTA TA FUTA KINDUNEUEI0
TON 'AUTON TROPON 'ECEIN, KAI TA 'EK TH$ GH$ FUOMENA
KAI TA ZWIA TA TE 'A=LLA KAI "ANQRWPO$. KAI-GAR 'EN TOI$
FUTOI$ "RA\STON "HMIN TOUTO GIGNETAI, "OSOI THN GHN GEWRGOUMEN,
TO PARASKEUASASQAI PANTA TA PRO TOU* FUTEUEIN KAI
'AUTO TO FUTEUSAI0; 'EPEIDAN DE TO FUTEUQEN BIWI2, META TOUTO
QERAPEIA TOU* FUNTO$ KAI POLLH KAI CALEPH KAI DUSKOLO$
<P 121C>
GIGNETAI. "OUTW DE 'ECEIN 'EOIKE0 KAI TO PERI= TWN 'ANQRWPWN;
'APO TWN 'EMAUTOU 'EGW PRAGMATWN TEKMAIROMAI KAI 'E$ 'TALLA.
KAI-GAR 'EMOI4 "H TOU* "UEO$ TOUTOUI, 'EI=TE FUTEIAN 'EI=TE PAIDOPOIIAN
DEI 'AUTHN 'ONOMAZEIN, PANTWN "RA\STH GEGONEN0, "H DE
TROFH DUSKOLO$ TE-KAI 'AEI 'EN FOBWI PERI= 'AUTOU4 DEDIOTI.
TA MEN-'OUN 'A=LLA POLLA 'AN4 'EIH LEGEIN, "H DE NU*N PAROUSA
'EPIQUMIA TOUTWI PANU ME FOBEI0 % 'ESTI MEN-GAR 'OUK 'AGENNH$,
SFALERA DE % 'EPIQUMEI0 GAR-DH "OUTO$ "HMIN, 'W* SWKRATE$, "W$
<P 121D>
FHSI, SOFO$ GENESQAI. DOKW0 GAR MOI, TWN "HLIKIWTWN TINE$
'AUTOU4 KAI DHMOTWN, 'EI$ TO 'ASTU KATABAINONTE$, LOGOU$ TINA$
'APOMNHMONEUONTE$ DIATARATTOUSIN0 'AUTON, "OU$ 'EZHLWKEN0 KAI
PALAI MOI PRAGMATA PARECEI0, 'AXIWN 'EPIMELHQHNAI ME "EAUTOU
KAI CRHMATA TELESAI0 TINI TWN SOFISTWN, "OSTI$ 'AUTON
SOFON POIHSEI2. 'EMOI4 DE TWN MEN CRHMATWN KAI 'ELATTON


<P 122A>
MELEI0, "HGOUMAI DE TOUTON 'OUK 'EI$ MIKRON KINDUNON 'IENAI "OI*4
SPEUDEI0. TEW$ MEN-'OUN 'AUTON KATEICON PARAMUQOUMENO$;
'EPEIDH DE 'OUKETI "OIO$-TE-'EIMI, "HGOUMAI KRATISTON 'EINAI PEIQESQAI
'AUTWI, "INA MH POLLAKI$ 'ANEU 'EMOU4 SUGGENOMENO$ TWI
DIAFQARHI. NU*N 'OUN "HKW0 'EP' 'AUTA TAUTA, "INA TWI TOUTWN
TWN SOFISTWN DOKOUNTWN0 'EINAI SUSTHSW4 TOUTONI. SU 'OUN
"HMIN 'EI$ KALON PAREFANH$, "WI 'AN4 'EGW MALISTA 'EBOULOMHN
PERI= TWN TOIOUTWN MELLWN PRAXEIN SUMBOULEUSASQAI. 'ALL'
'EI TI 'ECEI$ SUMBOULEUEIN 'EX "WN 'EMOU4 'AKHKOA$, 'EXESTI TE-KAI
<P 122B>
CRH.
SW ^ 'ALLA=-MEN-DH, 'W* DHMODOKE, KAI LEGETAI GE SUMBOULH
"IERON CRHMA 'EINAI. 'EIPER 'OUN-KAI 'ALLH "HTISOUN
'ESTIN "IERA, KAI "AU=TH 'AN4 'EIH PERI= "H$ SU NU*N SUMBOULEUHI0;
'OU-GAR 'ESTI PERI= "OTOU QEIOTEROU 'AN4 'ANQRWPO$ BOULEUSAITO
'H= PERI= PAIDEIA$ KAI "AUTOU KAI TWN "AUTOU 'OIKEIWN. PRWTON
MEN-'OUN 'EGW TE-KAI SU SUNOMOLOGHSWMEN TI= POTE 'OIOMEQA
TOUTO 'EINAI PERI= "OU BOULEUOMEQA; MH-GAR POLLAKI$ 'EGW
<P 122C>
MEN 'ALLO TI 'AUTO "UPOLAMBANW3, SU DE 'ALLO, 'KAPEITA PORRW
POU TH$ SUNOUSIA$ 'AISQWMEQA GELOIOI 'ONTE$, 'EGW TE "O SUMBOULEUWN
KAI SU "O SUMBOULEUOMENO$, MHDEN TWN 'AUTWN
"HGOUMENOI.
DH ^ 'ALLA= MOI DOKEI$ 'ORQW$ LEGEIN, 'W* SWKRATE$, KAI
POIEIN CRH "OUTW.
SW ^ KAI LEGW0 GE 'ORQW$, 'OU-MENTOI PANTAPASI GE;
SMIKRON GAR TI METATIQEMAI. 'ENNOW0 GAR MH KAI "O MEIRAKISKO$
"OUTO$ 'OU TOUTOU 'EPIQUMEI0 "OU "HMEI$ 'AUTON 'OIOMEQA
<P 122D>
'EPIQUMEIN 'ALL' "ETEROU, 'EI*T' 'AU "HMEI$ 'ETI 'ATOPWTEROI 'WMEN
PERI= 'ALLOU TOU BOULEUOMENOI. 'ORQOTATON 'OUN MOI DOKEI0
'EINAI 'AP' 'AUTOU4 TOUTOU 'ARCESQAI, DIAPUNQANOMENOU$ "OTI2 KAI
'ESTIN "OU 'EPIQUMEI0.
DH ^ KINDUNEUEI0 GOUN "OUTW BELTISTON 'EINAI "W$ SU LEGEI$.
SW ^ 'EIPE= DH MOI, TI= KALON 'ONOMA TW*I NEANISKWI: TI= 'AUTON
PROSAGOREUWMEN:
DH ^ QEAGH$ 'ONOMA TOUTWI, 'W* SWKRATE$.
SW ^ KALON GE, 'W* DHMODOKE, TW*I "UEI TO 'ONOMA 'EQOU KAI
<P 122E>
"IEROPREPE$. 'EIPE= DH "HMIN, 'W* QEAGE$, 'EPIQUMEIN FH=I$ SOFO$
GENESQAI, KAI 'AXIOI$0 SOU4 TON PATERA TONDE 'EXEUREIN 'ANDRO$
TINO$ SUNOUSIAN TOIOUTOU "OSTI$ SE SOFON POIHSEI2:
QE ^ NAI.
SW ^ SOFOU$ DE KALEI$0 POTERON TOU$ 'EPISTHMONA$, PERI=
"OTOU 'AN4 'EPISTHMONE$ 'WSIN, 'H= TOU$ MH:
QE ^ TOU$ 'EPISTHMONA$ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ TI= 'OUN: 'OUK 'EDIDAXATO SE "O PATHR KAI 'EPAIDEUSEN
"APER 'ENQADE "OI 'ALLOI PEPAIDEUNTAI, "OI TWN KALWN 'KAGAQWN
PATERWN "UEI$, "OION GRAMMATA TE-KAI KIQARIZEIN KAI PALAIEIN
KAI THN 'ALLHN 'AGWNIAN:
QE ^ 'EME GE.


<P 123A>
SW ^ 'ETI 'OUN 'OIEI TINO$ 'EPISTHMH$ 'ELLEIPEIN, "H$ PROSHKEI0
"UPER SOU4 TON PATERA 'EPIMELHQHNAI:
QE ^ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ TI=$ 'ESTIN "AU=TH: 'EIPE= KAI "HMIN, "INA SOI4 CARISWMEQA.
QE ^ 'OIDEN KAI "OUTO$, 'W* SWKRATE$ % 'EPEI POLLAKI$ 'EGW
'AUTWI 'EIRHKA % 'ALLA= TAUTA 'EXEPITHDE$ PRO$ SE LEGEI0, "W$ DH
'OUK 'EIDW$ "OU 'EGW 'EPIQUMW0; TOIAUTA GAR "E=TERA KAI PRO$ 'EME
MACETAI TE-KAI 'OUK 'EQELEI0 ME 'OUDENI SUSTHSAI0.
SW ^ 'ALLA= TA MEN 'EMPROSQEN SOI4 'H*N PRO$ TOUTON "RHQENTA
<P 123B>
"WSPER 'ANEU MARTURWN LEGOMENA; NUNI DE 'EME POIHSAI2 MARTURA,
KAI 'ENANTION 'EMOU4 KA=TEIPE TI=$ 'ESTIN "AU=TH "H SOFIA "H$
'EPIQUMEI$. FERE GAR, 'EI 'EPEQUMEI$ TAUTH$ "HI "OI 'ANQRWPOI
TA PLOIA KUBERNWSIN0, KAI 'EGW SE 'ETUGCANON 'ANERWTWN;
'W* QEAGE$, TI=NO$ 'ENDEH$ 'WN SOFIA$ MEMFHI0 TW*I PATRI "OTI4
'OUK 'EQELEI0 SE SUNISTANAI PAR' "WN 'AN4 SU SOFO$ GENOIO:
TI= 'AN4 MOI 'APEKRINW: TI=NA 'AUTHN 'EINAI: 'A*RA 'OU
KUBERNHTIKHN:
QE ^ NAI.
<P 123C>
SW ^ 'EI DE 'EPIQUMWN TAUTHN THN SOFIAN 'EINAI SOFO$ "HI
TA "ARMATA KUBERNWSIN0 'EI*T' 'EMEMFOU TW*I PATRI, 'EMOU4 'AU
'ERWTWNTO$ TI=$ 'ESTIN "AU=TH "H SOFIA, TI=NA 'AN4 'APEKRINW 'AUTHN
'EINAI: 'A*R' 'OUCI "HNIOCIKHN:
QE ^ NAI.
SW ^ "H$ DE-DH NU*N TUGCANEI$ 'EPIQUMWN, POTERON 'ANWNUMO$
TI$ 'ESTIN 'H= 'ECEI0 'ONOMA:
QE ^ 'OIMAI 'EGWGE 'ECEIN.
SW ^ POTERON 'OUN 'AUTHN MEN 'OISQA, 'OU-MENTOI TO GE
'ONOMA, 'H=-KAI TO 'ONOMA:
QE ^ KAI TO 'ONOMA 'EGWGE.
SW ^ TI= 'OUN 'ESTIN: 'EIPE=.
<P 123D>
QE ^ TI= DE 'ALLO, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'AUTHI 'ONOMA TI$ FAIH 'AN4
'EINAI 'ALL'-'H= SOFIAN:
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N KAI "H "HNIOCEIA SOFIA 'ESTIN: 'H= 'AMAQIA
DOKEI0 SOI4 'EINAI:
QE ^ 'OUK 'EMOIGE.
SW ^ 'ALLA= SOFIA:
QE ^ NAI.
SW ^ "HI TI= CRWMEQA0: 'OUC "HI "IPPWN 'EPISTAMEQA ZEUGOU$
'ARCEIN:
QE ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N KAI "H KUBERNHTIKH SOFIA 'ESTIN:
QE ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW ^ 'A*R' 'OUC "AU=TH "HI PLOIWN 'EPISTAMEQA 'ARCEIN:
QE ^ "AU=TH MEN-'OUN.
SW ^ "H$ DE-DH SU 'EPIQUMEI$ "H SOFIA TI=$ 'ESTIN: "HI TI=NO$
<P 123E>
'EPISTAMEQA 'ARCEIN:
QE ^ 'EMOI4 MEN DOKEI0, "HI TWN 'ANQRWPWN.
SW ^ MWN "HI TWN KAMNONTWN0:
QE ^ 'OU-DHTA.
SW ^ 'IATRIKH GAR "AU=TH 'ESTIN; 'H*-GAR:
QE ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'ALL' "HI TWN 'A\DONTWN0 'EPISTAMEQA 'EN TOI$ COROI$
'ARCEIN:
QE ^ 'OU=.
SW ^ MOUSIKH GAR "AU=TH GE:
QE ^ PANU GE.
SW ^ 'ALL' "HI TWN GUMNAZOMENWN 'EPISTAMEQA 'ARCEIN:
QE ^ 'OU=.
SW ^ GUMNASTIKH GAR "AU=TH GE:
QE ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'ALL' "HI TWN TI= POIOUNTWN0: PROQUMOU 'EIPEIN "WSPER
'EGW SOI4 TA 'EMPROSQEN.


<P 124A>
QE ^ "HI TWN 'EN THI POLEI, 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N 'EN THI POLEI 'EISIN KAI "OI KAMNONTE$:
QE ^ NAI, 'ALL' 'OU TOUTWN LEGW0 MONON, 'ALLA=-KAI TWN
'ALLWN TWN 'EN THI POLEI.
SW ^ 'A*RA-GE MANQANW0 "HN LEGEI$ TECNHN: DOKEI$ GAR MOI
LEGEIN 'OUC "HI TWN QERIZONTWN0 'EPISTAMEQA 'ARCEIN KAI TRUGWNTWN0
KAI TWN FUTEUONTWN0 KAI SPEIRONTWN0 KAI "ALOWNTWN0;
"AU=TH MEN-GAR GEWRGIKH, "HI TOUTWN 'ARCOMEN. 'H*-GAR:
QE ^ NAI.
<P 124B>
SW ^ 'OUDE-GE 'OIMAI "HI TWN PRIZONTWN0 KAI TRUPWNTWN0 KAI
XEONTWN0 KAI TORNEUONTWN0 SUMPANTWN 'EPISTAMEQA 'ARCEIN,
'OU TAUTHN LEGEI$; "AU=TH MEN-GAR 'OU TEKTONIKH:
QE ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'ALL' 'ISW$ "HI TOUTWN TE PANTWN KAI 'AUTWN TWN
GEWRGWN KAI TWN TEKTONWN KAI TWN DHMIOURGWN "APANTWN
KAI TWN 'IDIWTWN KAI TWN GUNAIKWN KAI 'ANDRWN, TAUTHN 'ISW$
LEGEI$ THN SOFIAN.
QE ^ TAUTHN PALAI, 'W* SWKRATE$, BOULOMAI LEGEIN.
<P 124C>
SW ^ 'ECEI$ 'OUN 'EIPEIN, 'AIGISQO$ "O 'AGAMEMNONA 'APOKTEINA$
'EN 'ARGEI 'A*RA TOUTWN 'HRCEN "WN SU LEGEI$, TWN TE
DHMIOURGWN KAI 'IDIWTWN KAI 'ANDRWN KAI GUNAIKWN SUMPANTWN,
'H= 'ALLWN TINWN:
QE ^ 'OU=K, 'ALLA= TOUTWN.
SW ^ TI= DE-DH: PHLEU$ "O 'AIAKOU 'EN FQIA\ 'OU TWN 'AUTWN
TOUTWN 'HRCEN:
QE ^ NAI.
SW ^ PERIANDRON DE TON KUYELOU 'ARCONTA 'EN KORINQWI
'HDH 'AKHKOA$ GENESQAI:
QE ^ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ 'OU TWN 'AUTWN TOUTWN 'ARCONTA 'EN THI "AUTOU POLEI:
<P 124D>
QE ^ NAI.
SW ^ TI= DE 'ARCELAON TON PERDIKKOU, TON NEWSTI TOUTON
'ARCONTA 'EN MAKEDONIA\: 'OU TWN 'AUTWN "HGHI0 TOUTWN 'ARCEIN:
QE ^ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ "IPPIAN DE TON PEISISTRATOU 'EN THIDE THI POLEI
'ARXANTA TI=NWN 'OIEI 'ARXAI0: 'OU TOUTWN:
QE ^ PW*$ GAR 'OU=:
SW ^ 'EIPOI$ 'AN4 'OUN MOI TI=NA 'EPWNUMIAN 'ECEI0 BAKI$ TE-KAI
SIBULLA KAI "O "HMEDAPO$ 'AMFILUTO$:
QE ^ TI=NA GAR 'ALLHN, 'W* SWKRATE$, PLHN GE CRHSMWIDOI:
<P 124E>
SW ^ 'ORQW$ LEGEI$. 'ALLA=-KAI TOUSDE MOI "OUTW PEIRW5
'APOKRINASQAI, TI=NA 'EPWNUMIAN 'ECEI0 "IPPIA$ KAI PERIANDRO$
DIA= THN 'AUTHN 'ARCHN:
QE ^ 'OIMAI MEN TURANNOI; TI= GAR 'ALLO:
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N "OSTI$ 'EPIQUMEI0 TWN 'ANQRWPWN TWN 'EN THI
POLEI SUMPANTWN 'ARCEIN, TH$ 'AUTH$ 'ARCH$ TOUTOI$ 'EPIQUMEI0,
TURANNIKH$, KAI TURANNO$ 'EINAI:
QE ^ FAINETAI.
SW ^ 'OUKOU*N TAUTH$ 'EPIQUMEIN SU FH=I$:
QE ^ 'EOIKEN0 GE 'EX "WN 'EGW 'EIPON.
SW ^ 'W* MIARE, TURANNEIN 'A=RA "HMWN 'EPIQUMWN PALAI


<P 125A>
'EMEMFOU TW*I PATRI "OTI4 SE 'OUK 'EPEMPEN 'EI$ DIDASKALOU8
TURANNODIDASKALOU TINO$: KAI SU, 'W* DHMODOKE, 'OUK 'AISCUNHI0
PALAI 'EIDW$ "OU 'EPIQUMEI0 "OUTO$, KAI 'ECWN "OQI PEMYA$ 'AUTON
DHMIOURGON 'AN4 'EPOIHSA$ TH$ SOFIA$ "H$ 'EPIQUMEI0, 'EPEITA
FQONEI$ TE 'AUTWI KAI 'OUK 'EQELEI$ PEMPEIN: 'ALLA= NU*N % "ORA*I$0?&
'EPEIDH 'ENANTION 'EMOU4 KATEIRHKE0 SOU4, KOINHI BOULEUWMEQA
'EGW TE-KAI SU 'E$ TI=NO$ 'AN4 'AUTON PEMPOIMEN KAI DIA= THN
TI=NO$ SUNOUSIAN SOFO$ 'AN4 GENOITO TURANNO$:
<P 125B>
DH ^ NAI MA DI=A, 'W* SWKRATE$, BOULEUWMEQA DHTA, "W$
DOKEI0 GE MOI BOULH$ DEIN PERI= TOUTOU 'OU FAULH$.
SW ^ 'EASON2, 'WGAQE. DIAPUQWMEQA 'AUTOU4 PRWTON "IKANW$.
DH ^ PUNQANOU DH.
SW ^ TI= 'OUN 'AN4 'EI 'EURIPIDHI TI PROSCRHSAIMEQA, 'W* QEAGE$:
'EURIPIDH$ GAR-POU FHSIN %
SOFOI9 TURANNOI9 TWN9 SOFWN9 SUNOUSIA\9;
'EI 'OUN 'EROITO TI$ TON 'EURIPIDHN; 'W* 'EURIPIDH, TWN TI=
<P 125C>
SOFWN1 SUNOUSIA\1 FH=I$ SOFOU$1 'EINAI TOU$ TURANNOU$1: "WSPER
'AN4 'EI 'EIPONTA %
SOFOI1 GEWRGOI TWN1 SOFWN1 SUNOUSIA\1,
'HROMEQA TWN1 TI= SOFWN1: TI= 'AN4 "HMIN 'APEKRINATO: 'A*R' 'AN4
'ALLO TI 'H= TWN TA GEWRGIKA:
QE ^ 'OU=K, 'ALLA= TOUTO.
SW ^ TI= DE 'EI 'EI*PE %
SOFOI1 MAGEIROI TWN1 SOFWN1 SUNOUSIA\1,
'EI 'HROMEQA; TWN1 TI= SOFWN1: TI= 'AN4 "HMIN 'APEKRINATO: 'OUC
"OTI4 TWN MAGEIRWN:
QE ^ NAI.
SW ^ TI= D' 'EI %
SOFOI1 PALAISTAI TWN1 SOFWN1 SUNOUSIA\1
'EI*PEN, 'EI 'HROMEQA; TWN1 TI= SOFWN1: 'A*RA 'OUK 'AN4 TWN
<P 125D>
PALAIEIN 'EFH:
QE ^ NAI.
SW ^ 'EPEIDH DE 'EI*PE %
SOFOI1 TURANNOI1 TWN1 SOFWN1 SUNOUSIA\1
"HMWN 'ERWTWNTWN0; TWN1 TI= SOFWN1 LEGEI$, 'W* 'EURIPIDH:
TI= 'AN4 FAIH: POI*A 'AN4 'EINAI TAUTA:
QE ^ 'ALLA= MA DI=' 'OUK 'OID' 'EGWGE.
SW ^ 'ALLA= BOULEI 'EGW SOI4 'EIPW:
QE ^ 'EI SU BOULEI.
SW ^ TAUT' 'ESTIN "APER 'EFH 'ANAKREWN THN KALLIKRITHN
'EPISTASQAI; 'H= 'OUK 'OISQA TO 'A\SMA:
QE ^ 'EGWGE.
SW ^ TI= 'OUN: TOIAUTH$ TINO$ KAI SU SUNOUSIA$ 'EPIQUMEI$
<P 125E>
'ANDRO$ "OSTI$ TUGCANEI0 "OMOTECNO$ 'WN KALLIKRITHI THI KUANH$
KAI 'EPISTATAI TURANNIKA, "WSPER 'EKEINHN 'EFH "O POIHTH$,
"INA KAI SU "HMIN TURANNO$ GENHI4 KAI THI POLEI:
QE ^ PALAI, 'W* SWKRATE$, SKWPTEI$ KAI PAIZEI$ PRO$ ME.
SW ^ TI= DE: 'OU TAUTH$ FH=I$ TH$ SOFIA$ 'EPIQUMEIN "HI
PANTWN 'AN4 TWN POLITWN 'ARCOI$: TOUTO DE POIW*N 'ALLO TI 'H=
TURANNO$ 'AN4 'EIH$:
QE ^ 'EUXAIMHN MEN 'AN4 'OIMAI 'EGWGE TURANNO$ GENESQAI,


<P 126A>
MALISTA MEN PANTWN 'ANQRWPWN, 'EI DE MH, "W$ PLEISTWN; KAI
SU G' 'AN4 'OIMAI KAI "OI 'ALLOI PANTE$ 'ANQRWPOI % 'ETI DE-GE
'ISW$ MALLON QEO$ GENESQAI % 'ALL' 'OU TOUTOU 'ELEGON
'EPIQUMEIN.
SW ^ 'ALLA= TI= DH 'ESTI POTE "OU 'EPIQUMEI$: 'OU TWN
POLITWN FH=I$ 'ARCEIN 'EPIQUMEIN:
QE ^ 'OU BIA\ GE 'OUD' "WSPER "OI TURANNOI 'ALL' "EKONTWN,
"WSPER KAI "OI 'ALLOI "OI 'EN THI POLEI 'ELLOGIMOI 'ANDRE$.
SW ^ 'A*RA-GE LEGEI$ "WSPER QEMISTOKLH$ KAI PERIKLH$
KAI KIMWN KAI "OSOI TA POLITIKA DEINOI GEGONASIN:
QE ^ NH DI=A TOUTOU$ LEGW0.
SW ^ TI= 'OUN 'EI TA "IPPIKA 'ETUGCANE$ 'EPIQUMWN SOFO$
<P 126B>
GENESQAI: PARA TI=NA$ 'AN4 'AFIKOMENO$ 'WIHQH$ DEINO$ 'ESESQAI
"IPPEU$: 'H* PAR' 'ALLOU$ TINA$ 'H= TOU$ "IPPIKOU$:
QE ^ MA DI=A 'OUK 'EGWGE.
SW ^ 'ALLA= PAR' 'AUTOU$ 'AU TOU$ DEINOU$ 'ONTA$ TAUTA, KAI
"OI$ 'EISIN TE "IPPOI KAI CRWNTAI0 "EKASTOTE KAI 'OIKEIOI$ KAI
'ALLOTRIOI$ POLLOI$.
QE ^ DHLON "OTI4.
SW ^ TI= DE 'EI TA 'AKONTISTIKA SOFO$ 'EBOULOU GENESQAI:
'OU PARA TOU$ 'AKONTISTIKOU$ 'WIOU 'AN4 'ELQWN SOFO$ 'ESESQAI
TOUTOU$, "OI$ 'ESTIN TE 'AKONTIA KAI POLLOI$ KAI 'ALLOTRIOI$ KAI
<P 126C>
'OIKEIOI$ "EKASTOTE CRWNTAI0 'AKONTIOI$:
QE ^ 'EMOIGE DOKEI0.
SW ^ LEGE DH MOI; 'EPEI DE-DH TA POLITIKA BOULEI SOFO$
GENESQAI, 'OIEI PAR' 'ALLOU$ TINA$ 'AFIKOMENO$ SOFO$ 'ESESQAI
'H= TOU$ POLITIKOU$ TOUTOU$, TOU$ 'AUTOU$ TE DEINOU$ 'ONTA$ TA
POLITIKA KAI CRWMENOU$ "EKASTOTE THI TE "AUTWN POLEI KAI
'ALLAI$ POLLAI$, KAI "ELLHNISIN PROSOMILOUNTA$ POLESIN
KAI BARBAROI$: 'H= DOKEI$ 'ALLOI$ TISIN SUGGENOMENO$ SOFO$
'ESESQAI TAUTA "APER "OUTOI, 'ALL' 'OUK 'AUTOI$ TOUTOI$:
<P 126D>
QE ^ 'AKHKOA GAR, 'W* SWKRATE$, "OU$ SE FASIN0 LEGEIN TOU$
LOGOU$, "OTI4 TOUTWN TWN POLITIKWN 'ANDRWN "OI "UEI$ 'OUDEN
BELTIOU$ 'EISIN 'H= "OI TWN SKUTOTOMWN; KAI MOI DOKEI$ 'ALHQESTATA
LEGEIN 'EX "WN 'EGW DUNAMAI 'AISQESQAI. 'ANOHTO$ 'AN4
'OUN 'EIHN 'EI 'OIOIMHN TINA TOUTWN 'EMOI4 MEN 'AN4 PARADOUNAI THN
"AUTOU SOFIAN, TON DE "UON TON "AUTOU MHDEN 'WFELHSAI0, 'EI TI
"OIO$-T'-'H*N 'EI$ TAUTA 'WFELEIN 'ALLON "ONTINAOUN 'ANQRWPWN.
SW ^ TI= 'OUN 'AN4, 'W* BELTISTE 'ANDRWN, CRHSAIO SAUTWI, 'EI
SOI4 'EPEIDH GENOITO "UO$ TOIAUTA PRAGMATA PARECOI, KAI FAIH
<P 126E>
MEN 'AN4 'EPIQUMEIN 'AGAQO$ GENESQAI ZWGRAFO$, KAI MEMFOITO
SOI4 TW*I PATRI "OTI4 'OUK 'EQELEI$ 'ANALISKEIN 'EI$ 'AUTON TOUTWN
'AUTWN "ENEKA 'ARGURION, TOU$ DE DHMIOURGOU$ 'AUTOU4 TOUTOU,
TOU$ ZWGRAFOU$, 'ATIMAZOI TE-KAI MH BOULOITO PAR' 'AUTWN
MANQANEIN: 'H= TOU$ 'AULHTA$, BOULOMENO$ 'AULHTH$ GENESQAI,
'H= TOU$ KIQARISTA$: 'ECOI$ 'AN4 'AUTWI "OTI2 CRWIO KAI "OPOI PEMPOI$
'ALLOSE MH 'EQELONTA PARA TOUTWN MANQANEIN:
QE ^ MA DI=A 'OUK 'EGWGE.


<P 127A>
SW ^ NU*N 'OUN 'TAUTA TAUTA 'AUTO$ PRO$ TON PATERA POIW*N
QAUMAZEI$, KAI MEMFHI0 'EI 'APOREI0 "OTI2 SOI4 CRHSHTAI KAI "OPOI
PEMPOI: 'EPEI 'AQHNAIWN GE TWN KALWN 'KAGAQWN TA POLITIKA
"OTWI 'AN4 BOULHI3 SUSTHSOMEN SE, "O$ SOI4 PROIKA SUNESTAI; KAI
"AMA MEN 'ARGURION 'OUK 'ANALWSEI$, "AMA DE POLU MALLON
'EUDOKIMHSEI$ PARA TOI$ POLLOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$ 'H= 'ALLWI TWI
SUNWN.
QE ^ TI= 'OUN, 'W* SWKRATE$: 'OU KAI SU TWN KALWN 'KAGAQWN
'EI* 'ANDRWN: 'EI GAR SU MOI 'EQELOI$ SUNEINAI, 'EXARKEI0 KAI
'OUDENA 'ALLON ZHTW0.
<P 127B>
SW ^ TI= TOUTO LEGEI$, QEAGE$:
DH ^ 'W* SWKRATE$, 'OU-MENTOI KAKW$ LEGEI0, KAI "AMA MEN
'EMOI4 CARIHI; "W$ 'EGW 'OUK 'ESQ' "OTI2 TOUTOU MEIZON 'AN4 "ERMAION
"HGHSAIMHN, 'H= 'EI "OUTO$ TE 'ARESKOITO THI SHI SUNOUSIA\ KAI SU
'EQELOI$ TOUTWI SUNEINAI. KAI-MENTOI-KAI 'AISCUNOMAI LEGEIN
"W$ SFO=DRA BOULOMAI. 'ALL' 'EGW 'AMFOTERWN "UMWN DEOMAI, SE
T' 'EQELEIN TOUTWI SUNEINAI KAI SE MH ZHTEIN 'ALLWI MHDENI
SUGGENESQAI 'H= SWKRATEI; KAI ME POLLWN KAI FOBERWN 'APALLAXETE
<P 127C>
FRONTIDWN. "W$ NU*N PANU FOBOUMAI "UPER TOUTOU MH
TINI 'ALLWI 'ENTUCHI6 "OIWI TOUTON DIAFQEIRAI0.
QE ^ MHKETI NU*N, 'W* PATER, "UPER G' 'EMOU4 FOBOU, 'EIPER
"OIO$-T'-'EI* PEISAI0 TOUTON THN 'EMHN SUNOUSIAN PROSDEXASQAI.
DH ^ PANU KALW$ LEGEI$. 'W* SWKRATE$, PRO$ SE D' 'AN4
'HDH 'EIH "O META TOUTO LOGO$; 'EGW GAR SOI4 "ETOIMO$ 'EIMI, "W$
DIA= BRACEWN 'EIPEIN, KAI 'EME KAI TA 'EMA "W$ "OION-TE 'OIKEIOTATA
PARECEIN, "OTOU 'AN4 DEH3 'EMBRACU, 'EA=N QEAGH TOUTONI
<P 127D>
'ASPAZHI3 TE-KAI 'EUERGETHI$ "OTI2 'AN4 "OIO$-TE-'HI$.
SW ^ 'W* DHMODOKE, TO MEN 'ESPOUDAKENAI SE 'OU QAUMAZW0,
'EIPER 'OIEI "UP' 'EMOU4 MALIST' 'AN4 SOI4 TOUTON 'WFELHQHNAI % 'OU-GAR
'OIDA "UPER "OTOU 'AN4 TI$ NOUN 'ECWN MALLON SPOUDAZOI 'H=
"UPER "UEO$ "AUTOU "OPW$ "W$ BELTISTO$ 'ESTAI % "OPOQEN DE 'EDOXE
SOI4 TOUTO, "W$ 'EGW 'AN4 MALLON TON SON "UON "OIO$-T'-'EIHN
'WFELHSAI0 PRO$ TO POLITHN 'AGAQON GENESQAI 'H= SU 'AUTO$, KAI
"OPOQEN "OUTO$ 'WIHQH 'EME MALLON 'H= SE 'AUTON 'WFELHSEIN, TOUTO
<P 127E>
PANU QAUMAZW0. SU GAR PRWTON MEN PRESBUTERO$ 'EI* 'EMOU4,
'EPEITA POLLA$ 'HDH 'ARCA$ KAI TA$ MEGISTA$ 'AQHNAIOI$ 'HRXA$,
KAI TIMA*I3 "UPO 'ANAGURASIWN TE TWN DHMOTWN POLU MALISTA
KAI "UPO TH$ 'ALLH$ POLEW$ 'OUDENO$ "HTTON; 'EMOI4 DE TOUTWN
'OUDEN 'ENORA*I0 'OUDETERO$ "UMWN. 'EPEITA 'EI 'A=RA TH$ MEN TWN
POLITIKWN 'ANDRWN SUNOUSIA$ QEAGH$ "ODE KATAFRONEI0, 'ALLOU$
DE TINA$ ZHTEI0 "OI= PAIDEUEIN 'EPAGGELLONTAI "OIOI-TE-'EINAI NEOU$
'ANQRWPOU$, 'ESTIN 'ENTAUQA KAI PRODIKO$ "O KEIO$ KAI GORGIA$


<P 128A>
"O LEONTINO$ KAI PWLO$ "O 'AKRAGANTINO$ KAI 'ALLOI POLLOI,
"OI= "OUTW SOFOI 'EISIN "WSTE 'EI$ TA$ POLEI$ 'IONTE$ PEIQOUSI0
TWN NEWN TOU$ GENNAIOTATOU$ TE-KAI PLOUSIWTATOU$ % "OI$
'EXESTIN TWN POLITWN "WI 'AN4 BOULWNTAI PROIKA SUNEINAI %
TOUTOU$ PEIQOUSIN0 'APOLEIPONTA$ TA$ 'EKEINWN SUNOUSIA$
'AUTOI$ SUNEINAI, PROSKATATIQENTA$ 'ARGURION PANU POLU
MISQON, KAI CARIN PRO$ TOUTOI$ 'EIDENAI. TOUTWN TINA$ 'EIKO$
'H*N PROAIREISQAI KAI TON "UON SOU4 KAI 'AUTON SE, 'EME D' 'OUK
<P 128B>
'EIKO$; 'OUDEN GAR TOUTWN 'EPISTAMAI TWN MAKARIWN TE-KAI
KALWN MAQHMATWN % 'EPEI 'EBOULOMHN 'AN4 % 'ALLA=-KAI LEGW0
DHPOU 'AEI "OTI4 'EGW TUGCANW0 "W$ 'EPO$ 'EIPEIN 'OUDEN 'EPISTAMENO$
PLHN GE SMIKROU TINO$ MAQHMATO$, TWN 'ERWTIKWN. TOUTO
MENTOI TO MAQHMA PAR' "ONTINOUN POIOUMAI DEINO$ 'EINAI KAI TWN
PROGEGONOTWN 'ANQRWPWN KAI TWN NU*N.
QE ^ "ORA*I$0, 'W* PATER: "O SWKRATH$ 'OU PANU MOI DOKEI0
TI8 'ETI 'EQELEIN 'EMOI4 SUNDIATRIBEIN % 'EPEI TO G' 'EMON "ETOIMON,
<P 128C>
'EA=N "OUTO$ 'EQELHI5 % 'ALLA= TAUTA PAIZWN PRO$ "HMA$ LEGEI0.
'EPEI 'EGW 'OIDA TWN 'EMWN "HLIKIWTWN KAI 'OLIGWI PRESBUTERWN
"OI= PRIN MEN TOUTWI SUNEINAI 'OUDENO$ 'AXIOI 'HSAN, 'EPEIDH DE
SUNEGENONTO TOUTWI, 'EN PANU 'OLIGWI CRONWI PANTWN BELTIOU$
FAINONTAI "WN PROTERON CEIROU$.
SW ^ 'OISQA 'OUN "OION TOUTO 'ESTIN, 'W* PAI DHMODOKOU:
QE ^ NAI MA DI=A 'EGWGE, "OTI4 'EA=N SU BOULHI3, KAI 'EGW
"OIO$-T'-'ESOMAI TOIOUTO$ GENESQAI "OIOIPER KAI 'EKEINOI.
<P 128D>
SW ^ 'OU=K, 'WGAQE, 'ALLA= SE LELHQEN0 "OION TOUT' 'ESTIN, 'EGW
DE SOI4 FRASW2. 'ESTI GAR TI QEIA\ MOIRA\ PAREPOMENON 'EMOI4
'EK PAIDO$ 'ARXAMENON DAIMONION. 'ESTI DE TOUTO FWNH, "H=
"OTAN GENHTAI 'AEI MOI SHMAINEI0, "O= 'AN4 MELLW3 PRATTEIN, TOUTOU
'APOTROPHN, PROTREPEI0 DE 'OUDEPOTE; KAI 'EA=N TI$ MOI TWN
FILWN 'ANAKOINWTAI KAI GENHTAI "H FWNH, 'TAUTON TOUTO, 'APOTREPEI0
KAI 'OUK 'EA*I0 PRATTEIN. KAI TOUTWN "UMIN MARTURA$
PAREXOMAI. CARMIDHN GAR TOUTONI GIGNWSKETE0 TON KALON
<P 128E>
GENOMENON, TON GLAUKWNO$; "OUTO$ POTE 'ETUGCANE 'EMOI4 'ANAKOINOUMENO$
MELLWN 'ASKHSEIN STADION 'EI$ NEMEAN, KAI 'EUQU$
'AUTOU4 'ARCOMENOU LEGEIN "OTI4 MELLOI 'ASKEIN 'EGENETO "H FWNH,
KAI 'EGW DIEKWLUON TE 'AUTON KAI 'EIPON "OTI4 LEGONTO$ SOU
METAXU GEGONE0 MOI "H FWNH "H TOU* DAIMONIOU; 'ALLA= MH 'ASKEI5.
'ISW$, 'EFH, SHMAINEI0 SOI4 "OTI4 'OU NIKHSW2. 'EGW DE 'KAN2
MH MELLW3 NIKAN, GUMNASAMENO$ GE TOUTON TON CRONON 'WFELHQHSOMAI.
TAUTA 'EIPWN 'HSKEI; 'AXION 'OUN PUQESQAI 'AUTOU4


<P 129A>
"A 'AUTWI SUNEBH 'APO TAUTH$ TH$ 'ASKHSEW$. 'EI DE BOULESQE0,
TON TIMARCOU 'ADELFON KLEITOMACON 'ERESQE2 TI= 'EI*PEN 'AUTWI
TIMARCO$ "HNIKA 'APOQANOUMENO$ 'HIEI 'EUQU88 TOU*88 DAIMONIOU88,
'EKEINO$ TE-KAI 'EUAQLO$ "O STADIODROMWN "O$ TIMARCON "UPEDEXATO
FEUGONTA; 'EREI2 GAR "UMIN "OTI4 'EI*PEN 'AUTWI TAUTI.
QE ^ TI=:
SW ^ 'W* KLEITOMACE, 'EFH, 'EGW MENTOI 'ERCOMAI 'APOQANOUMENO$
NUNI, DIOTI SWKRATEI 'OUK 'HQELON PEIQESQAI. TI=
DH-'OUN POTE TOUTO 'EI*PEN "O TIMARCO$: 'EGW FRASW2. "OTE
<P 129B>
'ANISTATO 'EK TOU* SUMPOSIOU "O TIMARCO$ KAI FILHMWN "O
FILHMONIDOU 'APOKTENOUNTE$ NIKIAN TON "HROSKAMANDROU,
'HPISTASQHN MEN 'AUTW MONW THN 'EPIBOULHN, "O DE TIMARCO$
'ANISTAMENO$ PRO$ 'EME 'EI*PEN, TI= LEGEI$, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$:
"UMEI$ MEN PINETE3, 'EME DE DEI POI 'EXANASTHNAI0; "HXW2
DE 'OLIGON "USTERON, 'EA=N TUCW. KAI MOI 'EGENETO "H FWNH,
KAI 'EIPON PRO$ 'AUTON, MHDAMW$, 'EFHN, 'ANASTHI$; GEGONE0
GAR MOI TO 'EIWQO$ SHMEION TO DAIMONION. KAI "O$ 'EPESCE.
<P 129C>
KAI DIALIPWN CRONON 'AUQI$ "WRMATO 'IENAI, KAI 'EFH; 'EI*MI
DH, SWKRATE$. 'AUQI$ 'EGENETO "H FWNH; 'AUQI$ 'OUN 'AUTON
'HNAGKASA 'EPISCEIN. TO TRITON, BOULOMENO$ ME LAQEIN,
'ANESTH 'OUKETI 'EIPWN MOI 'OUDEN 'ALLA= LAQWN, 'EPITHRHSA$
'ALLOSE TON NOUN 'ECONTA; KAI "OUTW$ 'WICETO 'APIWN KAI DIEPRAXATO
'EX "WN 'HIEI 'APOQANOUMENO$. "OQEN DH TOUTO 'EI*PEN
PRO$ TON 'ADELFON "OPER NU*N "UMIN 'EGW, "OTI4 'IOI 'APOQANOUMENO$
DIA= TO 'EMOI4 'APISTHSAI0. 'ETI TOINUN PERI= TWN 'EN SIKELIA\
<P 129D>
POLLWN 'AKOUSESQON "A 'EGW 'ELEGON PERI= TH$ DIAFQORA$ TOU*
STRATOPEDOU. KAI TA MEN PARELHLUQOTA TWN 'EIDOTWN 'ESTIN2
'AKOUSAI0; PEIRAN D' 'EXESTI NUNI LABEIN TOU* SHMEIOU 'EI 'A=RA
TI LEGEI0. 'EPI GAR THI 'EPI STRATEIAN 'EXORMHI SANNIWNO$ TOU*
KALOU 'EGENETO MOI TO SHMEION, 'OICETAI DE NU*N META QRASULLOU
STRATEUSOMENO$ 'EUQU 'EFESOU KAI 'IWNIA$. 'EGW 'OUN
'OIOMAI 'EKEINON 'H= 'APOQANEISQAI 'H= "OMOU TI TOUTWI G' 'ELAN, KAI
PERI= GE TH$ STRATIA$ TH$ 'ALLH$ PANU FOBOUMAI.
<P 129E>
TAUTA DH PANTA 'EIRHKA SOI4, "OTI4 "H DUNAMI$ "AU=TH TOU*
DAIMONIOU TOUTOU KAI 'EI$ TA$ SUNOUSIA$ TWN MET' 'EMOU SUNDIATRIBONTWN0
TO "APAN DUNATAI. POLLOI$ MEN-GAR 'ENANTIOUTAI,
KAI 'OUK 'ESTI2 TOUTOI$ 'WFELHQHNAI MET' 'EMOU4 DIATRIBOUSIN4,
"WSTE 'OUC "OION-TE MOI TOUTOI$ SUNDIATRIBEIN;
POLLOI$ DE SUNEINAI MEN 'OU DIAKWLUEI0, 'WFELOUNTAI DE 'OUDEN
SUNONTE$. "OI$ D' 'AN4 SULLABHTAI TH$ SUNOUSIA$ "H TOU*
DAIMONIOU DUNAMI$, "OUTOI 'EISIN "WN KAI SU 'HISQHSAI; TACU
GAR PARACRHMA 'EPIDIDOASIN. KAI TOUTWN 'AU TWN 'EPIDIDONTWN0


<P 130A>
"OI MEN-KAI BEBAION 'ECOUSI0 KAI PARAMONIMON THN
'WFELIAN; POLLOI DE, "OSON 'AN4 MET' 'EMOU4 CRONON 'WSIN, QAUMASION
'EPIDIDOASIN, 'EPEIDAN DE MOU 'APOSCWNTAI, PALIN 'OUDEN
DIAFEROUSIN0 "OTOUOUN. TOUTO POTE 'EPAQEN 'ARISTEIDH$ "O
LUSIMACOU "UO$ TOU* 'ARISTEIDOU. DIATRIBWN GAR MET' 'EMOU4
PAMPOLU 'EPEDEDWKEI 'EN 'OLIGWI CRONWI; 'EPEITA 'AUTWI STRATEIA
TI$ 'EGENETO KAI 'WICETO 'EKPLEWN, "HKWN DE KATELAMBANE MET'
'EMOU4 DIATRIBONTA QOUKUDIDHN TON MELHSIOU "UON TOU* QOUKUDIDOU.
<P 130B>
"O DE QOUKUDIDH$ THI PROTERAIA\ MOI DI' 'APECQEIA$
'EN LOGOI$ TISIN 'EGEGONEI; 'IDWN 'OUN ME "O 'ARISTEIDH$, 'EPEIDH
'HSPASATO TE KAI 'TALLA DIELECQH, QOUKUDIDHN DE, 'EFH,
'AKOUW0, 'W* SWKRATE$, SEMNUNESQAI 'ATTA PRO$ SE KAI CALEPAINEIN
"W$ TI 'ONTA. 'ESTI GAR, 'EFHN 'EGW, "OUTW$.
TI= DE, 'OUK 'OIDEN, 'EFH, PRIN SOI4 SUGGENESQAI "OION 'H*N
TO 'ANDRAPODON: 'OUK 'EOIKEN0 GE, 'EFHN 'EGW, NH TOU$
QEOU$. 'ALLA=-MHN-KAI 'AUTO$ GE, 'EFH, KATAGELASTW$
<P 130C>
'ECW0, 'W* SWKRATE$. TI= MALISTA: 'EFHN 'EGW. "OTI4,
'EFH, PRIN MEN 'EKPLEIN, "OTWIOUN 'ANQRWPWI "OIO$-T'-'H*2 DIALEGESQAI
KAI MHDENO$ CEIRWN FAINESQAI 'EN TOI$ LOGOI$, "WSTE
KAI 'EDIWKON TA$ SUNOUSIA$ TWN CARIESTATWN 'ANQRWPWN,
NUNI DE 'TOUNANTION FEUGW0 'AN2 TINA KAI 'AISQANWMAI PEPAIDEUMENON;
"OUTW$ 'AISCUNOMAI 'EPI THI 'EMAUTOU FAULOTHTI.
POTERON DE, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, 'EXAIFNH$ SE PROULIPEN "AU=TH
"H DUNAMI$ 'H= KATA SMIKRON: KATA SMIKRON, 'H*-D'-"O$.
<P 130D>
"HNIKA DE SOI4 PAREGENETO, 'H*N-D'-'EGW, POTERON MAQONTI
PAR' 'EMOU4 TI PAREGENETO 'H= TINI 'ALLWI TROPWI: 'EGW SOI4
'ERW2, 'EFH, 'W* SWKRATE$, 'APISTON MEN NH TOU$ QEOU$, 'ALHQE$
DE. 'EGW GAR 'EMAQON MEN PARA SOU4 'OUDEN PWPOTE, "W$ 'AUTO$
'OISQA; 'EPEDIDOUN DE "OPOTE SOI4 SUNEIHN, 'KAN4 'EI 'EN THI 'AUTHI
MONON 'OIKIA\ 'EIHN, MH 'EN TW*I 'AUTWI DE 'OIKHMATI, MALLON DE
"OPOTE 'EN TW*I 'AUTWI 'OIKHMATI, KAI 'EMOIGE 'EDOKOUN POLU MALLON
"OPOTE 'EN TW*I 'AUTWI 'OIKHMATI 'WN LEGONTO$ SOU4 BLEPOIMI PRO$
<P 130E>
SE, MALLON 'H= "OPOTE 'ALLOSE "ORWIHN, POLU DE MALISTA KAI
PLEISTON 'EPEDIDOUN "OPOTE PAR' 'AUTON SE KAQOIMHN 'ECOMENO$
SOU4 KAI "APTOMENO$; NU*N DE, 'H*-D'-"O$, PASA 'EKEINH "H "EXI$
'EXERRUHKE0.
'ESTIN 'OUN, 'W* QEAGE$, TOIAUTH "H "HMETE=RA SUNOUSIA; 'EA=N
MEN TW*I QEWI FILON 'HI, PANU POLU 'EPIDWSEI$ KAI TACU, 'EI DE
MH, 'OU=. "ORA 'OUN MH SOI4 'ASFALESTERON 'HI PAR' 'EKEINWN TINI
PAIDEUESQAI "OI= 'EGKRATEI$ 'AUTOI 'EISIN TH$ 'WFELIA$ "HN
'WFELOUSIN0 TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ MALLON 'H= PAR' 'EMOU4 "OTI2 'AN4
TUCHI6 TOUTO PRAXAI0.


<P 131A>
QE ^ 'EMOI4 MEN-TOINUN DOKEI0, 'W* SWKRATE$, "HMA$ "OUTWSI
POIHSAI0, 'APOPEIRAQHNAI TOU* DAIMONIOU TOUTOU SUNONTA$
'ALLHLOI$. KAI 'EA=N MEN PAREIKHI5 "HMIN, TAUTA BELTISTA;
'EI DE MH, TO=TE 'HDH PARACRHMA BOULEUSOMEQA "OTI2 DRASOMEN,
'EI=TE 'ALLWI SUNESOMEQA, 'EI=TE-KAI 'AUTO TO QEION TO SOI4 GIGNOMENON
PEIRASOMEQA PARAMUQEISQAI 'EUCAISI TE-KAI QUSIAI$
KAI 'ALLWI "OTWI 'AN4 "OI MANTEI$ 'EXHGWNTAI.
DH ^ MHKETI PRO$ TAUTA 'ANTEIPHI$, 'W* SWKRATE$, TW*I
MEIRAKIWI; 'EU GAR LEGEI0 QEAGH$.
SW ^ 'ALL' 'EI DOKEI0 CRHNAI0 "OUTW POIEIN, "OUTW POIWMEN.


<B ARET>


<P 376A>
'A*RA DIDAKTON 'ESTIN "H 'ARETH: 'H= 'OU DIDAKTON, 'ALLA= FUSEI
"OI 'AGAQOI GIGNONTAI 'ANDRE$, 'H= 'ALLWI TINI TROPWI: 'OUK 'ECW0
<P 376B>
'EIPEIN 'EN TW*I PARONTI, 'W* SWKRATE$. 'ALLA= "WDE SKEYWMEQA
'AUTO. FERE, 'EI TI$ BOULOITO TAUTHN THN 'ARETHN GENESQAI
'AGAQO$ "HN 'AGAQOI 'EISIN "OI SOFOI MAGEIROI, PO=QEN 'AN4 GENOITO:
DHLON "OTI4 'EI PARA TWN 'AGAQWN MAGEIRWN MAQOI. TI= DE:
'EI BOULOITO 'AGAQO$ GIGNESQAI 'IATRO$, PARA TI=NA 'AN4 'ELQWN
GENOITO 'AGAQO$ 'IATRO$: DHLON DH "OTI4 PARA TWN 'AGAQWN
TINA 'IATRWN. 'EI DE TAUTHN THN 'ARETHN 'AGAQO$ BOULOITO
<P 376C>
GENESQAI "HNPER "OI SOFOI TEKTONE$: PARA TWN TEKTONWN.
'EI DE TAUTHN THN 'ARETHN BOULHQEIH 'AGAQO$ GENESQAI "HNPER
"OI 'ANDRE$ "OI 'AGAQOI TE-KAI SOFOI, POI* CRH 'ELQONTA MAQEIN:
'OIMAI MEN-KAI TAUTHN, 'EIPER MAQHTO$ 'ESTI, PARA TWN
'ANDRWN TWN 'AGAQWN; PO=QEN GAR 'ALLOQEN: FERE DH, TI=NE$
"HMIN 'ANDRE$ 'AGAQOI GEGONASIN: "INA SKEYWMEQA 'EI "OUTOI
'EISIN "OI TOU$ 'AGAQOU$ POIOUNTE$. QOUKUDIDH$ KAI QEMISTOKLH$
KAI 'ARISTEIDH$ KAI PERIKLH$. TOUTWN 'OUN "EKASTOU
<P 376D>
'ECOMEN DIDASKALON 'EIPEIN: 'OUK 'ECOMEN; 'OU-GAR LEGETAI.
TI= DE: MAQHTHN 'H= TWN XENWN TINA 'H= TWN POLITWN 'H= 'ALLON,
'ELEUQERON 'H= DOULON, "OSTI$ 'AITIAN 'ECEI0 DIA= THN TOUTWN "OMILIAN
SOFO$ TE-KAI 'AGAQO$ GEGONENAI: 'OUDE TOUTO LEGETAI.
'ALL'-'A*RA MH 'EFQONOUN METADIDONAI TH$ 'ARETH$ TOI$ 'ALLOI$
'ANQRWPOI$: TACA. 'A*RA "INA MH 'ANTITECNOI 'AUTOI$ GIGNOINTO,
"WSPER "OI MAGEIROI TE-KAI 'IATROI KAI TEKTONE$
FQONOUSIN0: 'OU-GAR LUSITELEI0 'AUTOI$ POLLOU$ 'ANTITECNOU$
GIGNESQAI 'OUDE 'OIKEIN 'EN POLLOI$ 'AUTOI$ "OMOIOI$. 'A*R'-'OUN
"OUTW KAI TOI$ 'ANDRASI TOI$ 'AGAQOI$ 'OU LUSITELEI0 'EN "OMOIOI$
'AUTOI$ 'OIKEIN: 'ISW$. 'EISIN DE "OI 'AUTOI 'OUCI 'AGAQOI TE-KAI
DIKAIOI: NAI. 'ESTIN 'OUN "OTWI LUSITELEI0 MH 'EN 'AGAQOI$
'OIKEIN 'ANDRASIN 'ALL' 'EN KAKOI$: 'OUK 'ECW0 'EIPEIN. 'A*R'-'OUN-'OUDE
TOUT' 'ECEI$ 'EIPEIN, POTERON 'ERGON 'ESTIN TWN MEN 'AGAQWN
BLAPTEIN, TWN DE KAKWN 'WFELEIN, 'H= 'TOUNANTION: 'TOUNANTION.


<P 377A>
"OI MEN 'AGAQOI 'A=RA 'WFELOUSIN0, "OI DE KAKOI BLAPTOUSIN0:
NAI. 'ESTIN 'OUN "OSTI$ BOULETAI BLAPTESQAI
MALLON 'H= 'WFELEISQAI: 'OU PANU. 'OUDEI$ 'A=RA BOULETAI 'EN
PONHROI$ 'OIKEIN MALLON 'H= 'EN CRHSTOI$. "OUTW$. 'OUDEI$ 'A=RA
FQONEI0 TWN 'AGAQWN 'ANDRWN 'ALLWI, "WSTE 'AGAQON KAI "OMOION "EAUTWI
POIHSAI0. 'OU=KOUN FAINETAI GE-DH 'EK TOU* LOGOU. 'AKHKOA$
'OUN "OTI4 QEMISTOKLEI KLEOFANTO$ "UO$ 'EGENETO: 'AKHKOA.
'OUKOU*N DHLON "OTI4 'OUDE TW*I "UEI 'EFQONEI "W$ BELTISTWI GENESQAI
<P 377B>
"O QEMISTOKLH$, "O$4 GE 'ALLWI 'OUDENI, 'EIPER 'H*N 'AGAQO$:
'H*N DE, "W$ FAMEN. NAI. 'OISQA 'OUN "OTI4 QEMISTOKLH$ TON "UON
"IPPEA MEN 'EDIDAXATO SOFON 'EINAI KAI 'AGAQON % 'EPEMENE GOUN
'EPI TWN "IPPWN 'ORQO$ "ESTHKW$, KAI 'HKONTIZEN 'APO TWN "IPPWN
'ORQO$, KAI 'A=LLA POLLA KAI QAUMA=SIA 'EIRGAZETO % KAI 'A=LLA
POLLA 'EDIDAXEN KAI 'EPOIHSEN SOFON, "OSA DIDASKALWN 'AGAQWN
'EICETO. 'H= TAUTA 'OUK 'AKHKOA$ TWN PRESBUTERWN: 'AKHKOA.
<P 377C>
'OUK-'A=RA THN FUSIN GE TI$ TOU* "UOU 'AUTOU4 'AITIASAIT' 'AN4
KAKHN 'EINAI. 'OUK 'AN4 'OUN DIKAIW$ GE 'EX "WN SU LEGEI$. TI=
DE TODE: "W$ KLEOFANTO$ "O QEMISTOKLEOU$ "UO$ 'ANHR 'AGAQO$
KAI SOFO$ 'EGENETO "APER "O PATHR 'AUTOU4 'H*N SOFO$, 'HDH TOUTO
'HKOUSA$ 'H= NEWTEROU 'H= PRESBUTEROU: 'OUK 'HKOUSA. 'A*R'-'OUN
TAUTA MEN 'OIOMEQA BOULESQAI 'AUTON TON "EAUTOU "UON
PAIDEUSAI0, "HN DE 'AUTO$ SOFIAN 'H*N SOFO$, MHDEN BELTIW
<P 377D>
'AUTON POIHSAI0 TWN GEITONWN MHDENO$, 'EIPER DIDAKTON 'H*N "H
'ARETH: 'OU=KOUN 'EIKO$ GE. "OUTO$ MEN-DH SOI4 TOIOUTO$ DIDASKALO$
'ARETH$, "ON "UPEIPE$; 'ALLON DE-DH SKEYWMEQA,
'ARISTEIDHN, "O$4 'EQREYEN MEN TON LUSIMACON, 'EPAIDEUSE DE
KALLISTA 'AQHNAIWN "OSA DIDASKALWN 'EICETO, 'ANDRA DE 'OUDENO$
BELTIW 'EPOIHSEN; TOUTON GAR-KAI SU KAI 'EGW 'EIDOMEN
KAI SUNEGENOMEQA. NAI. 'OISQA 'OUN "OTI4 PERIKLH$ 'AU
'EQREYEN "UEI$ PARALON KAI XANQIPPON, "WN KAI SU MOI DOKEI$
<P 377E>
TOU* "ETEROU 'ERASQHNAI. TOUTOU$ MENTOI, "W$ KAI SU 'OISQA,
"IPPEA$ MEN 'EDIDAXEN 'OUDENO$ CEIROU$ 'AQHNAIWN, KAI MOUSIKHN
KAI THN 'ALLHN 'AGWNIAN KAI 'TALLA 'EPAIDEUSEN "OSA
TECNHI DIDASKONTAI, 'OUDENO$ CEIROU$; 'AGAQOU$ DE-'A=RA 'ANDRA$
'OUK 'EBOULETO POIHSAI0: 'ALL' 'ISW$ 'AN4 'EGENONTO, 'W* SWKRATE$,
'EI MH NEOI 'ONTE$ 'ETELEUTHSAN. SU MEN 'EIKOTW$ BOHQEI$ TOI$
PAIDIKOI$, PERIKLH$ DE 'EKEINOU$, 'EIPER DIDAKTON 'H*N 'ARETH
KAI "OIO$-T'-'HN 'AGAQOU$ POIHSAI0, POLU PROTERON 'AN4 THN
"AUTOU 'ARETHN SOFOU$ 'EPOIHSEN 'H= MOUSIKHN KAI 'AGWNIAN.


<P 378A>
'ALLA= MH 'OUK 'HI DIDAKTON, 'EPEI QOUKUDIDH$ 'AU DUO "UEI$ 'EQREYEN,
MELHSIAN KAI STEFANON, "UPER "WN SU 'OUK 'AN4 'ECOI$ 'EIPEIN
"APER "UPER TWN PERIKLEOU$ "UWN; TOUTWN GAR-DH-KAI SU
'OISQA TON G' "ETERON MECRI GHRW$ BIOUNTA, TON D' "ETERON
PORRW PANU. KAI-MHN-KAI TOUTW "O PATHR 'EPAIDEUSEN TA TE
'A=LLA 'EU KAI 'EPALAISAN KALLISTA 'AQHNAIWN; TON MEN GAR
XANQIA\ 'EDWKEN, TON DE 'EUDWRWI, "OUTOI DE-POU 'EDOKOUN KALLISTA
TWN TO=TE PALAIEIN. NAI. 'OUKOU*N DHLON "OTI4 "OUTO$
<P 378B>
'OUK 'AN4 POTE "OI*4 MEN 'EDEI DAPANWMENON DIDASKEIN, TAUTA MEN
'EDIDAXEN TOU$ PAIDA$ TOU$ "EAUTOU, "OI*4 D' 'OUDEN 'EDEI 'ANALWSANTA
'AGAQOU$ 'ANDRA$ POIHSAI0, TOUTO DE 'OUK 'AN4 'EDIDAXEN,
'EI DIDAKTON 'H*N: 'EIKO$ GE. 'ALLA=-GAR 'ISW$ "O QOUKUDIDH$
FAULO$ 'H*N, KAI 'OUCI 'HSAN 'AUTWI PLEISTOI FILOI 'AQHNAIWN
KAI TWN SUMMACWN. KAI 'OIKIA$ 'H*N MEGALH$ KAI 'EDUNATO
MEGA 'EN THI POLEI KAI 'EN TOI$ 'ALLOI$ "ELLHSIN, "WST' 'EIPER
<P 378C>
'H*N TOUTO DIDAKTON, 'EXHUREN 'AN4 "OSTI$ 'AUTOU4 'EMELLEN TOU$ "UEI$
'AGAQOU$ POIHSEIN 'H= TWN 'EPICWRIWN 'H= TWN XENWN, 'EI 'AUTO$
MH 'ESCOLAZE DIA= THN TH$ POLEW$ 'EPIMELEIAN. 'ALLA=-GAR,
'W* "ETAIRE, MH 'OUK 'HI DIDAKTON "H 'ARETH. 'OU=K, 'ISW$. 'ALLA=-DH
'EI MH DIDAKTON 'ESTIN, 'A*RA FUSEI FUONTAI "OI 'AGAQOI: KAI
TOUTO THIDE PHI SKOPOUNTE$ 'ISW$ 'AN4 "EUROIMEN. FERE GAR;
'EISIN "HMIN FUSEI$ "IPPWN 'AGAQWN: 'EISIN. 'OUKOU*N 'EISIN
<P 378D>
TINE$ 'ANQRWPOI TECNHN 'ECONTE$ "HI TA$ TWN "IPPWN TWN 'AGAQWN
FUSEI$ GIGNWSKOUSIN0, KAI KATA TO SWMA PRO$ DROMON, KAI
KATA THN YUCHN, "OITINE$ TE QUMOEIDEI$ KAI 'AQUMOI: NAI.
TI=$ 'OUN "AU=TH "H TECNH 'ESTIN: TI= 'ONOMA 'AUTHI: "IPPIKH.
'OUKOU*N-KAI PERI= TOU$ KUNA$ "WSAUTW$ 'ESTIN TI$ TECNH "HI TA$
'AGAQA$ KAI TA$ KAKA$ FUSEI$ TWN KUNWN DIAKRINOUSIN0:
'ESTI. TI=$ "AU=TH: "H KUNHGETIKH. 'ALLA=-MHN-KAI PERI=
TO CRUSION KAI TO 'ARGURION 'EISIN "HMIN DOKIMASTAI, "OITINE$
<P 378E>
"ORWNTE$ KRINOUSIN0 TO TE BELTION KAI TO CEIRON: 'EISIN.
TI=NA$ 'OUN TOUTOU$ KALEI$0: 'ARGUROGNWMONA$. KAI-MHN "OI
PAIDOTRIBAI GIGNWSKOUSI0 SKOPOUMENOI TA$ FUSEI$ TA$ TWN
SWMATWN TWN 'ANQRWPWN "OPOIAI TE CRHSTAI KAI "OPOIAI MH
PRO$ "EKASTOU$ TWN PONWN, KAI TWN PRESBUTERWN KAI NEWN
"OSA MELLEI0 TWN SWMATWN 'A=XIA LOGOU 'ESESQAI KAI 'EN "OI$
'ELPI$ 'ESTI POLLH TA 'ERGA, "OSA SWMATO$ 'ECETAI, 'EU 'APERGASASQAI.
'ESTI TAUTA. POTERON 'OUN SPOUDAIOTERON 'ESTIN
TAI$ POLESIN "IPPOI KAI KUNE$ 'AGAQOI KAI 'TALLA TA TOIAUTA,


<P 379A>
'H= 'ANDRE$ 'AGAQOI: 'ANDRE$ 'AGAQOI. TI= 'OUN: 'OIEI 'AN4, 'EIPER
'HSAN FUSEI$ 'AGAQAI PRO$ 'ARETHN 'ANQRWPWN, 'OUK 'AN4 PANTA
MEMHCANHSQAI TOU$ 'ANQRWPOU$ "WSTE DIAGIGNWSKEIN 'AUTA$:
'EIKO$ GE. 'ECEI$ 'OUN TINA 'EIPEIN TECNHN "HTI$ 'ESTIN 'EPI
TAI$ FUSESIN TAI$ TWN 'ANDRWN TWN 'AGAQWN 'APODEDEIGMENH,
"WSTE DUNASQAI 'AUTA$ KRINEIN0: 'OUK 'ECW0. KAI-MEN-DH
PLEISTOU 'AN4 'H*N 'AXI=A KAI "OI 'ECONTE$ 'AUTHN; "OUTOI GAR 'AN4
"HMIN 'APEFAINON TWN NEWN TOU$ MELLONTA$ 'AGAQOU$ 'ESESQAI
<P 379B>
'ETI PAIDA$ 'ONTA$, "OU$ 'AN4 "HMEI$ PARALABONTE$ 'EFULATTOMEN
'EN 'AKROPOLEI DHMOSIA\, "WSPER TO 'ARGURION, KAI MALLON TI,
"INA MH TI FLAURON "HMIN PAQOIEN MHTE 'EN MACHI MHTE 'EN
'ALLWI MHDENI KINDUNWI, 'ALL' 'APEKEINTO THI POLEI SWTHRE$ TE-KAI
'EUERGETAI, 'EPEIDH GE 'EI$ THN "HLIKIAN 'AFIKONTO. 'ALLA=-GAR
KINDUNEUEI0 'OUTE FUSEI 'OUTE MAQHSEI "H 'ARETH TOI$ 'ANQRWPOI$
PARAGIGNESQAI. PW*$ 'OUN 'AN4 'W* SWKRATE$ SOI4 DOKOUSIN0
<P 379C>
GIGNESQAI, 'EI MHTE FUSEI MHTE MAQHSEI GIGNONTAI: TI=N' 'ALLON
TROPON GIGNOINT' 'AN4 "OI 'AGAQOI: 'OIMAI MEN 'OUK 'AN4 "RA\DIW$
'AUTO DHLWQHNAI, TOPAZW0 MENTOI QEION TI MALISTA 'EINAI TO
KTHMA KAI GIGNESQAI TOU$ 'AGAQOU$ "WSPER "OI QEIOI TWN
MANTEWN KAI "OI CRHSMOLOGOI. "OUTOI GAR-'OUTE FUSEI TOIOUTOI
GIGNONTAI 'OUTE TECNHI, 'ALL' 'EPIPNOIA\ 'EK TWN QEWN GIGNOMENOI
TOIOUTOI 'EISIN. "OUTW DE-KAI "OI 'ANDRE$ "OI 'AGAQOI
LEGOUSI0 TAI$ POLESIN "EKASTOTE TA 'APOBHSOMENA KAI TA
<P 379D>
MELLONTA 'ESESQAI 'EK QEOU 'EPIPNOIA$ POLU MALLON KAI
'ENARGESTERON 'H= "OI CRHSMWIDOI. LEGOUSIN0 DE-POU-KAI "AI
GUNAIKE$ "OTI4 QEIO$ 'ANHR "OUTO$ 'ESTI; KAI LAKEDAIMONIOI "OTAN
TINA MEGALOPREPW$ 'EPAINWSIN, QEION 'ANDRA FASIN0 'EINAI.
POLLACOU DE-KAI "OMHRO$ TW*I 'AUTWI TOUTWI KATACRHTAI0 KAI
"OI 'ALLOI POIHTAI. KAI "OTAN BOULHTAI QEO$ 'EU PRAXAI0 POLIN,
'ANDRA$ 'AGAQOU$ 'ENEPOIHSEN; "OTAN DE MELLHI5 KAKW$ PRAXEIN
POLI$, 'EXEILE TOU$ 'ANDRA$ TOU$ 'AGAQOU$ 'EK TAUTH$ TH$
POLEW$ "O QEO$. "OUTW$ 'EOIKEN0 'OUTE DIDAKTON 'EINAI 'OUTE FUSEI
'ARETH, 'ALLA= QEIA\ MOIRA\ PARAGIGNETAI KTWMENOI$.


<E ENDOFDATA>

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