### List of tags and empty categories

- POS tags
- Syntactic tags
  - Basic syntactic tags
  - Extended syntactic tags
- Empty categories

#### POS tags

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

E_S | sentence-final punctuation ("end of sentence")
, | sentence-internal punctuation
' | single quote
" | double quote
$ | possessive marker
+ | joins constituent morphemes in compounds Example: (N+N mankind)
A
ADJ | adjective
ADJR | adjective, comparative
ADJS | adjective, superlative
ADV | adverb
ADVR | adverb, comparative
ADVS | adverb, superlative
ALSO | the words ALSO (except when = AS) and EKE (the latter only in Middle English)
B
BAG | BE, present participle
BE | BE, infinitive
BED | BE, past (including past subjunctive)
BEI | BE, imperative
BEN | BE, perfect participle
BEP | BE, present (including present subjunctive)
C
C | complementizer
CODE | non-text material
CONJ | coordinating conjunction
D
D | determiner
DAG | DO, present participle
DAN | DO, passive participle (verbal or adjectival)
DO | DO, infinitive
DOD | DO, past (including past subjunctive)
DOI | DO, imperative
DON | DO, perfect participle
DOP | DO, present (including present subjunctive)
E
ELSE | the word ELSE in the collocation OR ELSE
E_S | sentence-final punctuation ("end of sentence")
EX | existential THERE
F
FOR | infinitival FOR
FOR+TO | cliticized FOR+TO
FP | focus particle
FW | foreign word
G
H
HAG | HAVE, present participle
HAN | HAVE, passive participle (verbal or adjectival)
HV | HAVE, infinitive
HVD | HAVE, past (including past subjunctive)
HVI | HAVE, imperative
HVN | HAVE, perfect participle
HVP | HAVE, present (including present subjunctive)
I
ID | token identification number
INTJ | interjection
J
K
L
LB | line break
M
MAN | indefinite subject pronoun (ME, MAN) (only in Middle English)
MD | modal verb
MD0 | modal verb, untensed
N
N | common noun, singular
N$ | common noun, singular, possessive
NEG | negation
NPR | proper noun, singular
NPR$ | proper noun, singular, possessive
NPRS | proper noun, plural
NPRS$ | proper noun, plural, possessive
NS | common noun, plural
NS$ | common noun, plural, possessive
NUM | cardinal number
NUM$ | cardinal number, possessive
O
ONE | the word ONE (except as focus particle)
ONE$ | ONE, possessive
OTHER | the word OTHER (except as conjunction)
OTHER$ | OTHER, nominal use, possessive
OTHERS | OTHER, nominal use, plural
OTHERS$ | OTHER, nominal use, plural possessive
P
P | preposition or subordinating conjunction
PRO | personal pronoun
PRO$ | possessive pronoun
Q
Q | quantifier
Q$ | quantifier, possessive
QR | quantifier, comparative (MORE, LESS)
QS | quantifier, superlative (MOST, LEAST)
R
RP | adverbial particle
S
SUCH | the word SUCH
T
TO | infinitival TO, TIL, and AT
U
V
VAG | present participle
VAN | passive participle (verbal or adjectival)
VB | infinitive, verbs other than BE, DO, HV
VBD | past (including past subjunctive)
VBI | imperative
VBN | perfect participle
VBP | present (including present subjunctive)
W
WADV | wh-adverb
WARD | the morpheme WARD
WD | wh-determiner
WPRO | wh-pronoun
WPRO$ | possessive wh-pronoun
WQ | WHETHER introducing indirect questions
X
X | tag for unknown part of speech
Y
Z

The parts of an orthographically separated word may be surrounded by tags that are numbered, as described in Splitting and joining words.

#### Syntactic tags

#### Basic syntactic tags

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

A
ADJP | adjective phrase
ADJP-LOC | locative adjective phrase
ADJP-SPR | adjective phrase, secondary predicate
ADJX | adjectival constituent, ambiguous projection (ADJ, ADJ', or ADJP)
ADVP | adverb phrase
ADVP-DIR | directional adverb phrase
ADVP-LOC | locative adverb phrase
ADVP-TMP | temporal adverb phrase
ADVX | adverbial constituent, ambiguous projection (ADV, ADV', or ADVP)
B
C
CIPHER | text used as cipher (only in PCEEC)
CONJP | conjunction phrase
CP-ADV | adverbial clause
CP-CAR | clause-adjoined relative
CP-CLF | IT cleft
CP-CMP | comparative clause
CP-DEG | degree complement
CP-EOP | empty operator clause
CP-EXL | exclamation (direct or indirect)
CP-FRL | free relative clause
CP-QUE | question (direct or indirect)
CP-QUE-ADV | adverbial WHETHER clause
CP-QUE-SBJ | indirect question subject
CP-REL | relative clause
CP-THT | THAT clause
CP-THT-SBJ | THAT clause subject
CP-TMC | TOUGH movement complement
D
E
F
FOREIGN | passage in any foreign language (in PCEEC)
FRAG | sentence fragment
FRENCH | French text
G
GREEK | Greek text
H
HEBREW | Hebrew text
I
INTJP | interjection phrase
IP-ABS | absolute clause
IP-IMP | imperative
IP-INF | infinitival complement
IP-INF-ABS | absolute infinitive
IP-INF-ADT | adjunct infinitive
IP-INF-DEG | degree infinitive
IP-INF-PRP | purpose infinitive
IP-INF-SBJ | infinitival subject
IP-MAT | matrix clause
IP-PPL | participial clause
IP-PPL-ABS | absolute participial clause
IP-PPL-OB1 | participial clause object
IP-PPL-SBJ | participial clause subject
IP-SMC | small clause
IP-SUB | subordinate clause
J
K
L
LATIN | Latin text
LS | list item
M
N
NODE | tag in output of CorpusSearch when nodes_only is true
NP | noun phrase
NP-ADT | adjunct noun phrase
NP-ADV | adverbial noun phrase
NP-COM | NP complement (corresponding to modern OF phrase)
NP-DIR | directional noun phrase
NP-DPS | dative of possession in PP
NP-LOC | locative noun phrase
NP-LFD | left-dislocated noun phrase
NP-MSR | measure noun phrase
NP-OB1 | first object
NP-OB2 | second object
NP-PRN | parenthetical or appositive noun phrase
NP-RFL | reflexive noun phrase
NP-SBJ | noun phrase subject
NP-SPR | noun phrase, secondary predicate
NP-TMP | temporal noun phrase
NP-VOC | vocative noun phrase
NUMP | number phrase
NX | nominal constituent, ambiguous projection (N, N', or NP)
O
P
PP | prepositional phrase
Q
QP | quantifier phrase
QTP | quotation phrase
QX | quantifier phrase, ambiguous projection (Q, Q', or QP)
R
REF | reference
RRC | reduced relative clause
S
SPANISH | Spanish text
T
U
V
VP | verb phrase
W
WCP | wh- CP (occurs very rarely in pied-piping contexts)
WADJP | wh- adjective phrase
WADVP | wh- adverb phrase
WIP | wh- IP (possible in pied-piping contexts)
WNP | wh- noun phrase
WPP | wh- prepositional phrase
WQP | wh- quantifier phrase
X
XX | tag for unknown phrasal category
Y
Z

#### Extended syntactic tags

The basic syntactic tags listed above can be modified by the following extended tags (also referred to as dash tags).

Suffix tag | Definition | Example
--- | --- | ---
-LFD | left-dislocated constituent

ADVP-LOC-LFD left-dislocated locative adverb phrase
-PRN parenthetical or appositive NP-PRN parenthetical or appositive noun phrase
-RSP resumptive constituent NP-SBJ-RSP resumptive subject
-SPE direct speech (only on CP, IP) CP-REL-SPE relative clause, direct speech
IP-MAT-SPE matrix clause, direct speech

"-#" (a hyphen followed by a numeric index) is used to coindex antecedents and their traces, as well as expletives (overt or empty) that are associated with a clause or noun phrase.

"=#" (an equals sign followed by a numeric index) is used to coindex gapped clauses with full clauses. See Right node raising, gapping.

#### Empty categories

0 | empty operator
*arb* | arbitrary subject in ECM infinitives (as in I have heard *arb* tell)
*con* | subject elided under conjunction
*exp* | empty expletive subject
*pro* | "small pro" subject
*ICH* | abbreviation mnemonic for "insert constituent here"; trace of extraposition, scrambling, or other movement that does not fit neatly into the A/A' dichotomy
*T* | trace of A'-movement
* | trace of A-movement; also default empty category