#### Table of contents (long)

General introduction

- Philosophy and goals
- File formats
  - Text (.txt)
  - Part-of-speech (POS) tagged (.pos)
  - Parsed (.psd)
- Text markup

List of tags and empty categories

- POS tags
- Syntactic tags
  - Basic syntactic tags
  - Extended syntactic tags
- Empty categories

Splitting and joining words

- Summary overview
- Items that are split
- Items treated as unitary
- Items treated as compounds
- Items treated as written
- Fused forms

Treatment of individual words (POS and syntactic)

> A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | +T

Part-of-speech (POS) annotation

- Adjectives and adverbs (ADJ, ADV)
- Adverbial particles (RP)
- Cardinal numbers (NUM)
- Complementizers (C)
- Coordinating conjunctions (CONJ)
- Determiners (D)
- Focus particles (FP)
- Foreign words (FW)
- Infinitive markers (FOR, TO) (see Verbs and related categories)
- Interjections (INTJ)
- Modals (MD, MD0) (see Verbs and related categories)
- Negation (NEG)
- Nominals (EX, MAN, N, NPR, PRO)
- Ordinal numbers (see Adjectives)
- Prepositions (P) (includes subordinating conjunctions)
- Punctuation
- Quantifiers (Q)
- Subordinating conjunctions (see Complementizers, Prepositions)
- Verbs and related categories
- Wh- words

Syntactic annotation

- Introduction
  - General principles
    - Dash tags (or extended tags)
    - Structural principles
  - Internal structure of phrases
  - Internal structure of clauses
    - Ordinary IPs (IP-MAT, IP-SUB)
    - Imperatives (IP-IMP)
    - Non-wh CPs
    - Wh- CPs
    - Verb fronting to C
- Internal structure of phrases
  - Adjective phrase (`ADJP`)
  - Adverb phrase (`ADVP`)
  - Conjunction phrase (`CONJP`) (see Conjunction)
  - Fragment (`FRAG`)
  - Interjection phrase (`INTJP`)
  - Noun phrase (`NP`)
  - Number phrase (`NUMP`)
  - Prepositional phrase (`PP`)
  - Quantifier phrase (`QP`) (see also Floated quantifiers, Measure phrase)
  - Wh-phrase (`WADJP, WADVP, WNP, WPP, WQP`)
  - Nonstructural labels (`CODE, LATIN,` etc., `META, QTP, REF`)
- Conjunction
  - Word-level conjunction
  - Phrase-level conjunction
  - CONJPs with empty heads
  - Conjunction of unlike categories
  - Recursive conjunction structures
  - Shared modifiers
  - Conjunction and negation
  - Extraposed CONJPs
  - Correlative conjunction
  - Clausal conjunction
- Empty categories and resumptive elements
  - Empty subjects
  - Traces
  - Other empty categories
  - The position of empty categories
  - Resumptive elements
- Clause-level constituents
  - Adjective phrase (`ADJP`)
  - Adverb phrase (`ADVP`)
  - Noun phrase (`NP`)
  - Prepositional phrase (`PP`)
  - Quantifier phrase (`QP`)
  - Verb phrase (`VP`)
  - Words as clausal constituents
  - Extended tags (= dash tags)
  - Unknown
- Types of subordinate clauses
  - Adverbial clauses (`CP-ADV`)
  - THAT clauses (`CP-THT`)
  - Degree complements (`CP-DEG`)
  - Comparative clauses (`CP-CMP`)
  - Questions (`CP-QUE`)
  - Exclamatives (`CP-EXL`)
  - Ordinary relative clauses (`CP-REL`)
  - Reduced relative clauses (`RRC`)
  - Clause-adjoined relatives (`CP-CAR`)
  - Free relatives (`CP-FRL`)
  - IT clefts (`CP-CLF`)
  - Infinitival clauses (`IP-INF`)
  - Small clauses (`IP-SMC`)
  - Participial clauses (`IP-PPL`)
  - Absolute clauses (`IP-ABS, IP-INF-ABS, IP-PPL-ABS`)

Annotation differences between the PPCME2 and the PPCEME/PCEEC

- Concessive clauses
  - ALL BE IT (THAT), ALBEIT
  - HOW BE IT (THAT), HOWBEIT
  - SO BE IT (THAT)
- DO (causative versus periphrastic)
- ELSE (see Post-head modifiers)
- ENOUGH (see Post-head modifiers)
- Nonfinite clausal complementation
  - Absolute clauses (IP-ABS)
  - Participial clauses (IP-PPL)
  - Small clauses (IP-SMC)
- NP-OB1 with verbs meaning LACK, LIKE, NEED
- Post-head modifiers
- Quantifiers and quantified expressions
  - A LITTLE (see LITTLE)
  - LESS, LEAST and MUCH, MORE, MOST
  - Measure phrases
  - `Q+N, Q+WPRO` (e.g., SOMETHING, SOMEWHAT)
- Splitting and joining words

Known issues

Index

> A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | +T