A Generall ought to bee temperate, continent, and not exceſſiue in eating and drinking: Patient in trauaile, of witte prompt, whereby in the night time by quietneſſe of minde the counſailes of Captaines examined, maie more perfectlie bee confirmed. Hee ought to be content with ſimple fare: For the preparing of diſhes full of delicateneſſe and the too much thoughts and diligence about meates, corrupteth and drowneth the minde in ſuch ſort, that the time that ought to bee ſpent in the buſineſſe that is to bee done, by the delicateneſſe of the Captaines is moſt vainely conſumed. Hee ought too bee painefull, for that princiapllie it doth apperteine too a Generall that hee in the time of turmoyles of the Warre, may bee the laſt that is wearie. Hee muſt bee quicke witted, forſomuch as Homere ſayth, flying to the ende: that with his thought hee maie moſt quicklie diſcuſſe euerie thing, and with his minde make iudgement, and as it were deuine a farre of and foreſee that which is to come: leaſt when there happen chaunces neyther foreſeene nor looked for, the Generall be conſtrayned ſodeinly and vnprouided for to take counſaile, and the ſafegarde of things to commit moſt fearefully to fortune. It behooueth him to be liberall, and not to bee couetous and deſirous of gayne. For ſurelie of this vice he ought moſt principally to take héede, foraſmuch as he that is not giuen to paſſe much of giftes of Siluer and Gold, may moſt honorably haue the charge of ſuch dooings, whereas thoſe bee moſt wicked that will be drawne with the vnſatiableneſſe of Golde, the which is ſuch a weapon of ſo much might, and as it were with liuelie force to deliuer the weapon out of his owne handes and to giue to others. He ought to be a faire ſpeaker, for that conſidering the thinges that are to be intreated of for the Warre, I iudge there will followe much vtilitie, conſidering that eyther hauing occaſion to ſet men in araie to the battaile, the Generall comforting the ſouldiers eaſilie maie perſwade euerie one of them to deſpiſe all perils, and to attend to the glorious enterpriſe. For the ſound of the Trumpet cannot ſo much inflame the mindes of men to take their weapons; and conſtraine them more valiantlie to fight, then the conuenient and according to the time the ſugred taſke of the Generall, which maie moue them, both vnto great actes for the loue of vertue, and encourage them for the deſire of glorie, or els if neede bee, to comfort the mindes afflicted for ſome ouerthrow had, his wordes ſhall be a medicine. Wherefore for the benefit of the hoaſt and to lighten heauineſſe of accidents the accommodate ſpeaking of the Generall by moſt reaſon is more to be deſired then the induſtrie of Surgeons, which follow the Campe onelie to the ende to heale woundes, for that they take no care or charge but to heale the hurtes: but hee with ſweete and curteous maner of ſpeaking comforteth and moſt highlie maketh glad, the mindes of the weake and afflicted. Beſides this, hee confirmeth the mindes of them that bee whole, and retaines them that bee boldened, then how much more difficult it is to heale the infirmities that is hid, then thoſe which maie bee both felt and ſeene, euerie man knoweth: and like as no Prince will erect an armie to ſend them without a Generall and determinate Gouernour: euen ſo the Generall ought not to bee choſen that knoweth not, nor hath the grace in ſpeaking, and that lacketh the facilitie and vtteraunce of ſpeache. Likewiſe the Generall beeing confirmed in his degree, ſhould bee pleaſant, gentle, and cheerefull too them that will come to him, gladlie and willing to recompence the valiant and good, both with the liberalitie of the purſſe, and dignitie of office, and with ſharpe puniſhment to puniſh the ſlouthfull, malefactors, and offendors. Alſo hee ought not in euerie place and too euerie man ſhowe himſelfe ſo benigne and gentle, leaſt he happen to be deſpiſed, neither ſo proud and ſtoute that he moue other to beare him hatred.

And that hee doe this to the intent that with to much licenſe and benignitie hee cauſe not the armie to bee diſſolute, or with ſharpneſſe and ſeueritie make them alienate their mindes and beecome enimies. Likewiſe the liberalitie of a Prince or Generall although it bee but little: if with benignitie liberallie at time conuenient it bee vſed, it maie get moſt greate beneuolence of the multitude; and from thence foorth the moſt aſſured fidelitie of the ſouldiers gotten, it doth adde vnto it ſecuritie and conſtantneſſe in anie enterpriſe, ſeeing indeede euerie man hopes to obtaine greater things, bearing themſelues valiantlie in fight, when they knowe that in little things the liberalitie of the Generall commeth of the proper benignite of his owne minde. It is neceſſarie that the Generall with his warrelike counſaile doe deliberate vppon euerie matter, and they beeing partakers of the counſailes are ſworne in time and place to tell their iudgements, the which together with him of euerie thing ought to debate, forſomuch as all thoſe things not anie man of himſelfe hath found: hee maie alone by ſtudie with himſelfe examine, but hee ought not ſtraightwaies to approue and confirme it, for that our thoughts and counſailes as a thing, vnto the which wee haue a naturall affection, if of others faithfull counſaile it be not holpen, eaſilie it maie beeguile vs, and manie times it is found full of errours, contrariwiſe thoſe things that by iudgement and opinion of others bee approued, doe aſſure the minde and keepe things ſtable and ſure. Notwithſtanding no man ought ſo little to truſt to himſelfe that alwaies he be of opinion weake and doubtfull, nor of himſelfe ſo much too preſume that hee thinke other cannot finde counſaile better then his: for that it ſhall bee neceſſarie that hee which is alwaies ſubiect too the counſaile of others, hauing altogether diſtruſt of himſelfe, came to chaunge infinit things whereby in weightie matters both hurt and incommoditie doth follow, as likewiſe he muſt needes either alwaies or oftentimes commit error, that not hearing the aduiſe of other, euerie thing doth attribute to himſelfe alone. The Generall ſhall often and vnlooked for reſort vnto the Captaines tents and places of aboade to ſee in what towardlie readineſſe they are or maie be in of a ſodain, that hee cauſe the Captaines often to make like reſort vnto the vnder officers and ſouldiers to ſee if they bee in the like orderlie readineſſe for anie ſodeine ſeruice. Hee muſt receiue into his handes the order of all offices in writing, whereby hee maie the better vnderſtand and iudge of them. Likewiſe the names of all the ſouldiers of the bands, to ſee whether they haue their iuſt number.

SInce it ſtandeth with the office of him that will gouerne well to be as forward in mainteining the good, and rewarding thoſe that deſerue well, as in ſinceritie of iudgement to puniſh the wicked and offenders: the maiſter of the campe, bearing the entire and full authoritie of the office of a Generall, is to haue a regard, that iuſtice beare as great ſwaie in his armie as in anie the beſt ordered citie that can bee. And therefore hee muſt prouide Iuſtices ſufficientlie practiſed and ſtudied, that they maie bee able to ſee what iuſtice will aforde in euerie caſe, alwaies prouided, notwithſtanding that the lawes of armes be not broken, then the caſe vnderſtood, let them decide the matter, and giue ſentence brieflie. For in the Campe they are bound to obſerue nothing but that which the Captaine Generall ſhall appoynt, and that which naturall reaſon ſhall chieflie allowe of, admitting herein the Canons of the holie lawe of Chriſtendome, to which all the good ſouldiers, as euerie faithfull Chriſtian is bounde to be obedient vnto. Next the maiſter of a campe hath to appoynt an Agozzino, Arcaldo, or a Proueſt, who beſides that he muſt be well ſeene in his Arte, muſt haue regard that hee entertaine a conuenient retinue of aſſiſtauntes, and amongeſt the reſt a Pretor or maiſter of iuſtice. Hee muſt ordeine alſo that this Proueſt with his ſeruauntes, and the Maiſter of iuſtice goe apparelled ciuiltie, and not as the cuſtome is in manie cities like abiectes, that thereby they maie haue credite in their office, and be obeied as they ought, and this muſt bee proclaimed through the armie generall: namelie, that they obeie theſe officers vppon paine of death. Hee muſt forbid all ſouldiers except Sergeants who in diuers cauſes ought to haue their weapons about them to reſtrict all others of what fort ſo euer, by that meanes to preuent thoſe theftes and murthers which are commonlie committed in ſuch places of men giuen to the ſpoyle. Hee muſt cauſe by all meanes poſſible all priuie mutinies to be abandoned, and all priuie grudges and enmities to bee forgotten, during the time of Warre, which otherwiſe will bring greate hurte to the Campe, conſidering that manie doe leaue houſe and home to goe to Warre, not ſo much to doe their Countreie ſeruice or winne to themſelues practiſe in battaile, thereby to become equall in value to couragius mindes, eyther els to deſerue paie with the recompence of his doutie deedes, but rather ſome are pulled into the field to kill villanouſlie ſome foe of their owne, or their fathers, or their friendes, men truelie moſt worthie of a thouſand deaths, in that they ſeeke by treaſon to murder, in that place where they ought to looke to nothing els then to vphoulde iuſtice, and to procure that ſhe maie haue hir due execution, and in iuſtice the puniſhment ſhe deſerueth. He muſt care moreouer that reſpect bee had that merchauntes and puruaiers and other artificers that are too furniſh the Campe with apparell, victuales, and other neſſaries, that ſuch maie haue traficke freelie, to the ende they maie doe it willinglie, and that they bée paied with good and lawfull Money for that they ſell, enterteining them courteouſlie, and too make them ſafe conduct as well too departe from thence, as too come thether, that they maie haue a deſire too retourne: that by theſe the Armye maye haue ſtore of things as well commodious for their helpe, as otherwiſe neceſſarie for their vſe. Hee muſt rate the victuals at a reaſonable price, that the ſouldiers bée not ouercharged in buying, and that the merchuunt may haue an honeſt gaine. And as this care muſt bée had, ſo thoſe things as leſſe neceſſarie maie bée left to bée ſould, as the buier and the ſeller can agrée, as houſeholde ſtuffe, ſaddles, and all other furniture for horſe, ſpiceries, weapons, and ſuch merchandies. Alſo hee muſt with greate counſaile and deliberation beſtowe the lodgings, as next the trenches to beſtowe the artilerie, and other munitions, and the ordinarie victuals giuing charge that none come néere the pouder with anie fire, neither gonner nor other ſouldier. He ſhall aſſigne the quarters of the campe, to euerie companie his ſeuerall charge of the artilerie, which muſt bée kept vnoccupied for what néede ſo euer there ſhall bée, appoynting watch and ward continuallie, and that verie ſtrong, whereby the ſouldiers maie bée the better conueied at pleaſure, and the frontes the readier to bée defended againſt the enimie. There muſt by him bée appoynted as it were a ſtreate for Merchaunts, ſafe for themſelfes, and commodious for all the Campe. Then muſt there in euerie quarter bée appoynted places of eaſe as for their owne vſe, and likewiſe for killing and dreſſing Cattell for foode, that by this meanes their lodgings maie bée kept cleane and the infection of the ayre auoyded for the benefit of health. Then ſhall hée appoynt the footmen to bée diſtinctlie deuided from the Horſemen. Hée muſt appoynt them ſo that euerie quarter haue his ſere place for victuals: and after they bée lodged it ought to bée his greateſt care to ſée them well defenced: alſo that they maie ſo incampe as they maie haue the benefit of woode and water, eſpeciallie in Winter. Theſe conditions hée muſt looke too with eyes well opened, viewing them diligentlie and oftentimes: and well conſidering them. And alſo hée muſt foreſée that the waie be commodious and readie, by which the armie may march and ſafelie be brought to the place of incamping. Moreouer, it behooueth neceſſarilie to diſpoſe both horſemen and footemen toward by daye, and watch by night, in places moſt daungerous, that the campe may remayne without feare of ſodaine aſſaults, which otherwiſe brings great trouble. And when the armie ſhall by anie accident eyther by daye or night, be forced to come to battaile, he muſt diligentlie prouide, that the artilerie, the munition and victuals, maie be ſafelie garded. Likewiſe the diſcipline of Warre doth require at his handes in his owne perſon a certeine ſharpe behauiour, that thereby he maye winne obedience of his ſouldiers, which is of as greate importance, as anie thing els he can haue. Thus he ſhall verie well diſcharge his duty towards his Prince, as otherwiſe preſerue the ſafety of him and his. Alſo conſidering that in an armie there is a greate multitude of men, diuerſe in nation, differing in maners, not equall in yeares, in nature not altogether agreeing, wherefore they which for pride and inſolencie, wil not ſubmit themſelues to the martiall ordinaunces, maie bee conſtrayned through feare of puniſhment: it apperteyneth to ſuch, to prouide ſuch ſufficient garde, as anie repairing for reliefe, cariages, or otherwiſe eyther for horſemen or footmen, or other beaſtes which are continuallie in the hoaſt to be occupied. In this office the Lord Iohn Baptiſt Marques of Caſſano, the Commender of Saint Iames greatlie deſerued comendation being great mayſter of the campe in the two iourneys too Germanie in the time of the renowmed Emperour Charles the fift, againſt the Launcegraue, the Duke of Saxony, the countie Palatine, and diuers other Princes then in confederacie with the Almaines.

THis officer being one of the chiefe officers, for that charge of all the artilerie and munition for the warres is committed vnto him, would be a man of learning and experience, whereby hee ſhall the better conceiue anie exploite, wherein a very good wit without experience ſhall be amazed.

He ought to bee ſtudied in hiſtories, the better to conſider of ſuch ſtrategems as heeretofore by other noble Souldiers hath beene vſed, the ſundrie ſortes of ingennes too aſſault and defende, alſo howe too paſſe Bridges and Waters, with other inuentions for conueying of greate ordinaunce ouer marſhes.

Hee ought to bee ſtudied in the mathameticalles, conſidering hee ſhall bee the better able to ſhoote at anie randons, to conueye mines vnder the earth, to anie curtayne, Bulwarke, or other place that ſhall be determined to be torne a peeces.

Hee ought to fore-caſt what quantitie of ſhot, powder, &c. ſhall be requiſite for anie batterie or other exploite, and to ſet out in due proportion euerie particular fortification of Campe, towne, or fort, whether ordinaunce is to be vſed without the knowledge of thoſe ſciences, cannot ſufficientlie be diſcharged, and that mayſter of ordinaunce through ignoraunce ſhall commit his truſt to the bould preſumptious perſons, whoſe want of experience will but ſhame themſelues, diſhonour him and ouerthrowe their enterpriſe.

He ought at the receite of his charge to make an inuentorie of all ſuch things committed to his charge, as wel to render an account, as to conſider the want of euerie ſort of munition for the warres.

To this officer apperteyneth to haue a Liuetenaunt, and certeyne clarkes in wages, who are to attend inferiour cauſes, rendering an account of all their dooings too the mayſter of the ordinaunce.

It apperteyneth too the mayſter of the ordinaunce too prouide all ſuch neceſſaries as too the artilerie apperteyneth, as Wheeles, Exeltrees, Ladles, ſpunges, Bullets, Chayneſhot, Croſbarres, Corne-powder, Serpnetine powder, Mattockes, ſhouels crowes of yron, handaxes, engins for the mounting of ordinaunce, graundmaundes or gabions, little handbaſkets, ropes, and all other cart-ware.

Item, to haue ſuch gouernours as are not onelie ſkillfull in the readie managing of their peeces, but alſo in the making of trunkes, bawles, arrowes, and all other ſortes of wilde fire, and for the continuall ſupplie of them, they ought to haue in a readineſſe greate ſtore of Sulphur, Salt-peter, Roſin, Calx viue, Lint ſeede Oyle, and comcom Lampe Oyle, Pitch, Tarre, Campher, Waxe, Tucia, Arſ-nicke, quicke ſiluer, and Aquauite: hereof to frame bals to burne in the water, creſſets, and torches, that ſtormes and winde cannot extinguiſh, murdering bullets to ſhoot out of morter peeces, and ſuch like.

Item, euerie peece of ordinaunce to haue his conuenient number of horſe or Oxen too drawe, and carters too guide and keepe theſe beaſtes, and euerie peece to haue his gunner or two, to attend thereon to charge, diſcharge, and mount the peece, alſo to wade, ram, cleanſe, ſcoure, and coole the peeces, when they are ouer heated, and for this purpoſe they ſhall haue in a readineſſe, ſpunges, vineger, and colde water, &c. For theſe gunners, there muſt be one maiſter gunner ouer all.

Item, if anie band want pouder, or ſhotte, the maiſter of the ordinaunce vpon requeſt of the Captaine, is to giue order to his clarkes, to deliuer the ſame, and to take a bill of the Captaines for their diſcharge, the which at the paie daye muſt bee deliuered to the treaſurer, who is to ſtaie ſo much of the Captaine and his band.

To this officer apperteineth to haue in a readineſſe certein boates made for the purpoſe with flat couers of ſawed planks whiche chained together maie make ſodeinlie a bridge to paſſe an armie ouer anie water, who muſt haue cables, and ankers to let fall in a violent ſtreame.

The Maiſter of the ordinaunce is to haue attend vpon his charge a ſufficient band for the gard of his charge, and alſo pioners to make plaine the waie for his carriages, and to entrench the place in the camp, appointed by the Prouoſt for the atilerie.

That there bee whéele-writes, carpenters, Copper-ſmiths, Bowyers, Fletchers, Maſons, and ſuch ſkilfull artizans, with all tooles neceſſarie and néedfull too preſerue, repaire, and make all things appertaining to artilerie.

When the daie of ſeruice is, the Maiſter of the ordinaunce is too ſelect a place conuenient too plante his ordinaunce as well to noye the enimie, as alſo to be in ſuch ſort garded and fortified, as by no waies it be not ſurpriſed by the enimie.

Alſo in the camp, towne, or fort, he onelie is to giue order for the planting of the artilerie, and fortifications of the flankers to the beſt aduantage, and alſo to forſée that the Maiſter gunner and other gunners doe their duties which appertaines to their office, alſo in beſieging to haue no leſſe care in placing his Batterie for the cutting of the flankers before the aſſault be giuen.

Alſo the Maiſter of the ordinance is to giue order for the accompliſhing of anie plat by mynes, and the Captaine of the mynes and Pioners, are to followe his direction. Finallie, this office is of great reputation in the field, and manie exploites dependeth therevpon: but for that he cannot well performe all himſelfe, he maie refer the ſmall to thoſe that ſerue vnder him, and to execute the great himſelfe.

INaſmuch as good order is neceſſarie in all humane actions, the waightie office of the Sergeant maior, muſt néeds be exellent and of great importance as vnto whoſe charge and authoritie apperteineth, not only to gouern, but alſo to bring into forme, and to execute the greateſt part of the chiefeſt affaires which require any ſpeciall ſeruice in the army. Wherefore it behoueth him to haue 4. expert and worthy ſoldiers, whoſe aide at al times he muſt vſe, which he muſt erect as principall Corporals, who in his abſence are to ſucceed him both in office and authoritie. He muſt after he hath receiued his charge of his Lord and Generall vſe al diligence and warineſſe, not onely to mainteine it, but alſo to increaſe it in the minds of ye Captaines and other head officers, as alſo of ye common ſouldiers, in whatſoeuer apperteineth to his charge, to the intent, that both thoſe which of themſelues knowe their duetie, and of other which are bound to their indeauour to him wards: he maie haue that ready obedience ſhewed him that is required, for if that be denied him, no diligence that he can vſe, may auaile any iot to giue any hope of good ſucceſſe in his great office, as by many examples heeretofo • e hath bene ſhewed. It is neceſſary for him that is in this office, to forecaſt with himſelfe, to conſider and foreſée all chaunces before they happen, and to foretell euery one what he hath to doe, for that very often he ſhall be taken at vnwares, and the time that he hath for the diſpatch of his buſineſſe is very ſhort, howbeit the ſtraightneſſe of time muſt no whit appall them, or any waies hinder him from executing his buſineſſe wiſelie and readilie, as hauing his wits at commaundement euen in this brunt, otherwiſe if he haue not before caſt in his owne minde, and inſtructed others how to behaue themſelues, he cannot looke for any proſperous ende of his buſineſſe, ſéeing at the very inſtant when they are to ioyne with the enimies, there can be no great heed giuen vnto that which hee commaundeth, for that their eares wil be otherwiſe occupied, and full of rumours, hurliburlies,To vnderſtand the number of weapons as well as of men. and confuſion, which by their noyſe will riſe on the ſodeine. Moreouer, it behooueth him to know to how many armed pikes and to how many holbards he hath to giue charge, and to how many vnarmed of both ſorts: beſides, to haue many hargubuſeires on foot, and how many on horſebacke, and to be ſhort, hee muſt knowe the whole number of able ſouldiers he can make, to the end when occaſion ſhall be, he may the readier place in the voward or rereward ſome in one wing, and ſome in another to defend the carriage, or to inuiron the enimie, him to guide his band, and the reſt to like offices, and he muſt commaund the Captaines, that they repaire with their companies when any rumour is made, to the place where the artilery and the munition is kept, charging them that they come neither ſtraieng in ſunder nor vpon heapes (as in like caſes men vſe with great diſorder, but to bee carefull to keepe themſelues with their enſignes, that thereby they may bee in a readineſſe too giue a valiaunt onſet in places where moſt neede ſhallbe. For it is often ſéene that the munition of the artilerie is very hotlie aſſalted by the enimies, the more to diſcipate and deceiue the force of the army, and to breake in vpon them with more eaſe after they come to the place aforeſaid, of the munition. Euery band with the enſigne muſt attend to follow the Sergeant Maior, or the Corporals, who ſhall in ſilent manner, and with all obedience, follow the appointment of the Sergeant Maior, or his Corporals, placing their companies in ſuch order as by them ſhall be thought good, hauing regard that the moſt valiant and beſt armed pikes be alwaies appoynted in the fronts, and rereward, ſo many rankes as may impale the bils and enſignes in the wings, whereof the battaile will come, called the quadrant of people and ground,Of the battell quadrant of people and grounds. and not that of people: this battaile is of great force to ſhoulder and beate downe the enimie, for that there are more ſouldiers placed in ranked then are in any other forme, and yet they occupie a leſſe plat. The ſhot muſt bee placed as ſleeues or wings to the battaile, the which muſt flanke the battaile, as a curteine doth a fort. He hath to cauſe them dayly to remoue and exerciſe themſelues, to the end when neede requireth, neither the wings ſhould be diſſolued by 〈2 pages missing〉 and faire ſpeach as much as hee maie, and that hee indeauour to guide them by a ſigne, rather then by wordes: who in this the Lorde Chappinuittello deſerued great praiſe. If vpon any alarum a ſodayne noyſe or rumour be raiſed whereby he ſhal haue chauſe to gather his armie together in the night time, hee muſt ſtrſt commaund all the Captaines, that their Quarries and their Creſſets being light euery one by it ſelfe, the Captaines muſt bring their companies in troupe, placing their Shot in the Uoward and Rereward, the Pikes and Billes next the Enſignes into the maket place, and ſo conueied to any place of ſeruice whereas neede ſhall require, euery one beſturring him in ſuch ſort, that in a moment as it were, and out of hand they may bee armed and readie, in that place to bee receiued of the Sergeant Generall,Of a baltell for the night the Moone. when of him they muſt be ordered in battaile, the which for the night is the Battaile called the halfe Moone, who muſt within the compaſſe of the two hornes place all the Enſigne-bearers with their Enſignes in their handes, then behinde them the armed Holbards, next vnto theſe the vnarmed Pikes, and without the greate Circle betwéene both the Hornes of the Moone, muſt bee placed the the armed Pikes, and the one halfe of the Sergeants and Liuetenaunts muſt attend on this greate charge without, but the reſt of the Captaines with the Sergeant Generall muſt attend on the companie of armed Pikes, and moſt of the Drummes and the Lights muſt be in the voyde ſpace betweene both the hornes and before the Enſignes, where ſitting to giue hearing of the Imbaſſage and Meſſengers which come and goe in ſuch caſes, they muſt deliberate and take counſayle what is beſt to bee done. The enteraunce of this place muſt bee turned to the moſt ſafetie that the ſituation of the place ſhall offer. Beſides, they may for the ſurer, place ſome part of the Artillery of the field, nowe the Hargubuſiers muſt be beſtowed by the Sergeant Maior, ſo farre diſtaunt from the Square in ſo many Troupes, and ſo many formes as the condition of the place ſhall require, which maie ſoone be perceiued by the expert, thereby to fortifie the maine battaile, prouided with al, that euerie companie of hargubuſers thus placed, haue his cōpanie of officers appointed ouer them, with their droms, as if be néedful with their lights that they may be readie and ſeruiceable in euerie chaunce that may befall, & in my iudgement, in theſe ſkirmiſhes by night neither meſure of Geometrie, nor the nūbers of Arethmetike are ſo neceſſarie as the diligence of the valiant and diſcréet captaines is expedient, who haue to ſtir vp the minds of their companies, remēbring alwaies their obedience vdto the greate Sergeant, whoſe will they are onelie to execute. I haue the rather ſet downe this ſquare, for that it hath bene oftentimes well ordered of manie valiant captaines of Italie, and eſpeciall of the L. Alexander Vitellie. Concerning the other formes of battailes which are to be vſed in the night, I minde to omit thinking this to be ſufficient, and eaſie to be ordered and beſides not commonly knowen, except a battaile repreſenting full croſſe, to which there are ſo good rules that they may ſerue any number by day or night to be ordered, and I the rather doe it, becauſe I ſpeake not ſufficiently in their places in the ſecond book, yet as well as I can, not ſo well as would, ioining to them certain others, to the end, that if in nothing els I haue pleaſured the valiant & expert, yet at the leaſt the proportions of theſe formes maie giue them ſome ſmall helpe. Then when as vpon any doubt the armie ſhal remoue to march,Of ordering this armie in the march. he ſhal place ye armed pikes & vnarmed with their bils & enſignes, in ſuch ſort, that when néede ſhal be to double the ranks to make the armie greater, and yet the armie maie kéepe his former proportions: that is to ſaie, that the voward & rereward deuide betwéene themſelues al the armed corſlets and vnarmed pikes, ſo that the flankes in long wiſe be not vnarmed. So ſhal it come co paſſe that the ſhort weapons ſhal gather together, & in the midſt of them the enſignes. The vnarmed pikes are not to be reiected in the plaine field ſeing it is verie hard, and peraduenture not altogether m •• t that any ſhould be armed pikemen, as it is trulie ſaid, they with the armed are the whole ſtrength of the footmen, ſo the hargubuſers muſt onely ſerue to flanke to eaſe the defences, to lie in ambuſhment, to ſkirmiſh, to approch, and in all other functions, and at a word, to incumber the enimie, either in defending the enimie, or to aſſalt any fort. He muſt haue a care in the making of this battaile quadrant, the which of all other I holde ye beſt that for Corporals or Sergeants do perfectly vnderſtand, how many ranks are in a companie, aduertiſing them with all, that euery companie be agréeable together in the number of the ranks, which be of many called maniples.Of 〈…〉 . Then muſt he cauſe thē to march one hard after another, ſeing euery cōpanie guided by their officers, and being come to the place to contain them of eaſe, commaund the firſt companie to march from the reſt, to make ſpace, willing the ſecond to ioine vnto the firſt as a flanke, then the third likewiſe vnto the ſecond and the fourth to the third, and ſo from hand to hand. Hée ſhal frame a valiant battaile to encounter the enimie howbeit it is very hard to kéepe a iuſt in order of ſo many men in ranke, and of ſo many rankes as the rule of the Theorikes oth doth teach, for that very often the companies are vnlike, either in nūber or weapons then marching thus together on this order, hee muſt commaund that all the enſignes vnder one Coronell march together, not mingling themſelues with the enſignes of other Coronels Now the cōpanies being thus doubled & the battailes ingroſed, as is ſaid before, euery enſigne may ſeeke out his owne band, & ſtand with it both for ye greater encouragmēt of them, & the more ſafety to himſelf but if they return to march at length euery enſign ſhall place himſelfe amongſt the reſt as his lot fals out, the hargubuſires ſeuered from the battaile muſt march half of thē by the Uoward, & the other halfe by ye Rereward, either a little towards the right hand or towards the left, either as the commoditie of ye place, or doubt of any danger ſhall require. Then doubting the rankes of theſe hargubuſires, as much as ſhall be néedefull, they muſt be ingroſſed, & then vex is carefully placed for the flanking of ye main battail, vnderſtanding with all, that it behoueth very much aſwell theſe two wings of hargubuſires, with the voward & rereward of the chief battaile, & the ordinance ſhould be cōmitted to the guide of worthie Captains, of officers of credit, & of expert ſouldiers, yt they may be able to help in all extremities, and to reſolue thēſelues in any doubt, knowing what is to be done without waiting for the counſaile of others, in cauſe where ſuch coūſail is neither preſent nor at hand.Of a battaile called 〈…〉 ſaw or ſheeres. The bodie of the ſquare like a wedge muſt haue in the firſt rank one man, in the ſecond thrée men, in the third fiue men, ſo till euerie ranke increaſing by two ſouldieiers, which rule is very perfect, & kéepeth iuſt in proceeding to infinite numbers, & of two wedges ioined together, a battaile may be well called the ſhéeres, & thrée or foure ioined together a battaile called ye ſaw,Of a batail for the night called a croſſe. with manie others, the which were much vſed amongſt the Romans and other nations, the battaile in full forme of a croſſe, hauing foure fronts containing all ſorts of weapons belonging to footemen is verie profitable, as may be vnderſtood by the rules of the Theoriks, as otherwiſe in the proper place of the battail appeareth in the ſecond-booke. And although all theſe battailes be not in vſe, yet all theſe formes ſeeme verie profitable if they might be ordred and diſpoſed in place conuenient, howbeit all are not very 〈◊〉 to march: and as in my iudgement it is not very eaſie to ſhewe by wordes the manner that muſt bee kept in giuing the aſſault to the enimies, either by day or by night, conſidering that a man hath alwayes to applie himſelfe to the warlike policies and deuiſes of his Lord that gouerneth him. For it hath béen often ſéen that the onſet hath béen giuen by the coriers on horſebacke, manie times by ambuſhes well placed in couert hauing aduantage of ſuch as lie in ſcowt, who wait their time to aſſail them at vnawares, when they may moſt endamage them. I might here ſpeak alſo (as appertaining to the Sergeants office) of the prouiding the principall munition, the armour and victuals & other things neceſſarie for the armie, and the beſtowing of them: beſides that, hée hath a part in the buſineſſe which belongs to the great maſter of the camp, as to place the wards within the camp, and to appoint the watch worde by which the ſame wardes are gouerned and the whole campe. I might ſpeak of theſe things if they were to bee done alwaies after one ſort, or had one ordinarie manner. But for that they bee variable according to the nature and diſpoſition of him that gouerneth, and very often, as place and time ſhal require, I will omit them.How the great Sergeants charge ſhould bee giuen him in writing. It may ſuffice to ſhew in part what appertaineth to the office, that thereby he may the redilier diſpatch what ſhall bee appointed of his Lorde. Thoſe things which ſhall bee giuen him in charge of anie importance, ſhalbe giuen him in writing, reſeruing beſides a copie thereof, that if he either miſſe in his obedience, or otherwiſe by his default anie miſchance ſhall happen in matters of waight, he may not ſay but that hee was forewarned, that whatſoeuer is to be done by them may be done in their courſe and order: thereby to auoyde all brawles and iarres which myght happen amongeſt Officers euerie man knowing what appertaineth to his charge. When the face of the Battaile, muſt bée turned, hee muſte giue warning that euerie manne turne his face, and not his Weapons, that there doe no noiſe ariſe in ſuch caſes. And this may be done beſt and moſt readilie, if euerie ſouldier kéepe the point of his weapon in his hande,How ſouldiers ſhould behaue themſelues the battell is turned. which doth giue a glorious ſhew, and beſides that doth make them readie to lay on their ſhoulders againe, if they haue cauſe to march againe at length▪ and he ſhall giue order whē the army remouing, do come to any ſtraight paſſage or other diſcommodious place which may break their order, that euerie ranke doe paſſe after another, and when they he beyond ye ſtraight, that then they place them in order againe, which being obſerued in euerie rank, they may preſently be in ſome order, as they were before the readier to be brought to the formes & ſquares before rehearſed. And when anie charge or commandement is to be giuen, ſee it ſet and ordeined in the Rereward, and when there is nothing to bee done, hee ſhall raiſe the armie, Hée ſhal likewiſe commaund that euerie Enſigne march with his owne companie to the end when they come to be incamped, they may the eaſiliar be brought to their lodging appointed for them.

GReat regard woulde be had to the chooſing of theſe, as well for their calling, yeares and valiantneſſe, as otherwiſe for their experience, lenitie, and wiſedome. Whereby theſe Warlike affaires may be the readier and ſooner executed, otherwiſe it may be preiudiciall to the whole Armie. Theſe be vnder the Sergeant generall to appoint, ſet, order, and make battaile and battailes, and and to guide euerie particular perſonne therein, according to their degree and office, and as the neceſſitie of the ſame ſhall require, to inſtruct and reforme, whoſe commaundementes all Captaines and Souldiers with their Officers muſt obeie. But in march, approch, camizado, ſkirmiſh, retraite, watch, warde, or what other ſeruice by them ſhal be commanded, whoſe authoritie likewiſe is ſuch, as if any reſiſt, they ſhall by the Prouoſt matiall be puniſhed as rebels, of what calling or degrée ſoeuer they be. Two of theſe are appointed to the placing and ordering of ſhot, and the other two for the embatteling of the pikes and bile, who according to their worthineſſe, if death happeneth, are to ſucceed the great Sergeant or Sergeant maior.

SUch muſt by the Generall of the armie be appointed and choſen twelue honeſt, wiſe, & graue men, the which ſaide twelue he ſhall appoint to bee his iudges and determiners in all martiall diſcipline and correction. His choiſe is to bee made of Captaines or otherwiſe at his pleaſure, ſo hee bee of ſtaied iudgement and of honeſt ſobrietie The which ſaid iudges being is elected and choſen ſhall haue their wages accordingly appointed them, who except in great extremitie ſhall bee watch frée. Theſe ſhall ſweare and proteſt ſolemnitie by the almightie God vnto the ſaide Generall, that they will ſerue the Prince by the moneth in that p •••• which they are choſen and called to, that they wil ſeriuſly, faithful, obedient, and dutiful vnto the Generall in all néedfull and lawfull affaires, and at al times vprightly & indifferently to iudge all cauſes comming before them, & to bée obedient to the commandements of the Generall ſtanding with equitie and the lawes of the fielde, that they will to the vttermoſt power indeuour them ſelues to giue counſaile and aduiſe to ſee Generall to the well-fare and commoditie of the Prince and his ſubiects, and iuſtly to iudge the rich as the póore not regarding friendſhip, kindred, or any other corrupting cauſe which may lead affection to the hinderance of Iuſtice: but to their knowledge to miniſter equitie according to the tenour of the lawes, as they wil that God helpe them at the laſt & dreadful day of iudgement. Alſo that in muſtering they doe diligently foreſée to their vttermoſt power that the prince their maiſter be not deceiued in giuing double paie to ſuch as are not worthie, and that they ſhall alſo deliuer the names of the ſouldiers vnto the Generall as they muſtered them with a note of their aloweance and wages vnder their hands and ſeales faithfully without anie deceipt.

THe Pretor ſhall take his oath giuen him by the Generall, who ſhall ſweare by almightie God that whatſoeuer he ſhall iudge, ordaine, or determine in court, or out of court, that he ſhall kéepe it cloſe and ſecret to his liues end, and that he ſhall bee true and iuſt to the Lords, and that he ſhall execute iuſtice to his vttermoſt power, and that he ſhall not during the warres take anie gift of any man for any matter in controuerſie to be tried before him, but ſhall vſe indifferent iuſtice to all men, without reſpect of perſons friendſhip or malice, as God ſhal help him at the dredfull daie of iudgement.

HIs oath is likewiſe giuen by the Generall, that theſe points whereof doe conſiſt herein, that hée ſhall ſée all faultes duelie and according to the lawes puniſhed in al offenders, without regard or reſpectt of perſons.

That hée ſhall in the market place ſet vp a paire of gallowes both for the terrour of the wicked, as for execution vpon them that offend the lawes. Alſo that he ſhall ſet on all victuals brought to the market a reaſonable price, that the ſeller and the buier may reaſonably liue by it. And that he exact nothing beyond his duetie of anie man, that he neither vſe extortion or briberie, that hee let no priſoner taken of the enemie or offendour otherwiſe to his witting eſcape, with other Articles conteined in his office, at the diſcretion of ye Generall, the which he muſt bée ſworne vnto.

HIS oath is to be true and iuſt in his office, and nightly to attende vpon the Generall to receiue the watch word, the which at the ſetting of the watch, hee ſhall ſecretly deliuer vnto the Captaines. Hée ſhall diuers times proue the watch, as well to ſee if they ſleepe not, and ſuch as hee findeth in fault to accuſe them to the higher officers, who ought to appoint their puniſhment according to the tenour of the Articles: otherwiſe appertaineth vnto his office at the diſcretion of the Generall of the armie.

HIS oath is to bee true and iuſt in his office, and not to bee ſlacke anie time in procuring in his office good, fit, and wholeſome victualles, as well for thoſe ſouldiers in extraordinarie, as for thoſe which are in ordinary ſeruice preſt, not to werie or driue away from the victualing of ye Campe anie victualer by giuing him a more or leſſe ſumme then they are wel worthie, to procure as many to ſerue the campe with good victuals as he can, both in giuing of them good and faire language: as alſo now and then to giue them ſome piece of money to encourage the ſaide victuallers to take paines with the like. And that hee ſhall with diligence faythfully ſhun all things that ſhall anie wayes be vnprofitable vnto the Prince and the ſouldiers. And to deuiſe as farre as his wit and iudgement will ſerue him to profit his Lord and Maiſter and his ſouldiers, as well for wholeſome victuals, béere and wine, for their bodies, as for good ſwéet and wholeſome meate for their horſes, as well for ſuch as ſerue in the fielde, as ſuch as trauaile & worke in the wagon, cart, or otherwiſe, which followe for the reliefe of the campe, and that of all theſe their doings, he kéepe a true & perfect booke of accountes, and reckonings for the Generall, when and as often as it ſhall pleaſe him to call for it, that the reſt of the counſell may be priuie to it, if ſo it ſhall bee thought good of the Generall of the fielde, for the better tryall of all his dealings.

HIs oth is, to be true and iuſt in his office, & that without ſpeciall commaundement of the Generall, not to aduenture to ſet anie thing on fire, vnleſſe that the enemie bée encountred withall, and then without delay all mattters laide aparte to annoy the enemie by his ſkill what hee may. And that hée doe not burne or waſte anie cornehouſes, or other thing that maye anie waies profite the campe, and that to his knowledge. Hée ſhall not hurt or hinder any poore creature, or aged perſon that he may well ſpare, but extend mercie and pitie on them.

HEe ſhall take the like oth before the Iudge, to doe trulie and faithfully in his office at all times and places as the Iudge ſhal command him, ſo that through his diligence there bée no fault found in him at the court day, & that hee kéepe cloſe and ſecret all ſuch matters as he ſhall heare handled by the Iudges vntill his liues end, as God helpe him.

THe noble cuſtome of Engliſh warriours is to chooſe & appoint to the leading of men,Of electing and chooſing of Captaines. ſuch Captaines as bée circumſpect, ſkilfull, & expert in the noble art of martiall affaires: alſo hardie, & valiant of courage, painfull & ingenious: liberall in rewarding: iuſt in ſeruice to their powers, aboue all thinges on the earth, ouer mindfull to render a iuſt account of that charge, daily regarding that their numbers bee furniſhed with men, armour, weapons, and munitions to them apperteining, with all other things to them néedfull to be vſed, diſtributed in times conuenient: oft calling foorth their numbers to muſter, march, and traine the ſame in all ſuch neceſſarie points of warre, as to ſuch apperteineth. They may not ſuffer any to continue and ſpend their time in idleneſſe, leauing their armour, weapons, and other furniture, vnreadie to ſeruice at néede, but giue commaundement vnto their officers in their abſence, circumſpectly to looke vnto the ſame. They may not ſuffer their ſouldiers to liue in too much libertie, neither to be outragious as ſome haue done in other countries in times paſt, as in whoorehunting, dronkenneſſe, common ſwearing, quarrelling, fighting, defrauding, or any other thing contrarie to the lawes of God and our Prince, and the order of the field: but vpon approuing any ſuch offence, ſhall reforme, correct, and amend the ſame immediatly. Good Captaines will haue ſpeciall regard that ſuch prouiſion be made for his ſouldiers in due time as vnto their numbers ſhall be néedfull and neceſſarie,How Captaines ought to haue great regard to prouide all things for their numbers. as wel for victuals as for armour, and munitions, the ſame to be diſcretly vſed and in due time, by vitlers appointed, and to be diſtributed to their ſouldiers, to pay their wages truly, alſo to ſée the vitlers and other artificers lending vnto ſoldiers vpon their credit at néed, vntill the pay day to be ſatiſfied & paied: alſo if any of their ſouldiers be taken priſoners, be raunſomed home in due time, that their bands be not long vnfurniſhed of men to the hinderance of ſeruice. Captaines haue oft times committed to their charge and leading, ſoldiers of great honeſtie, ſubſtance, & credit, ſo haue they others of ſmall regard, both ignorant and wilfull, whom through their worthy and prudent gouernment may be ſo trained and inſtructed by word and déed, courteouſly gratifying the good, and ſharply correcting the euill, that in ſhort time all be brought to one ciuilitie of ſeruice.

LIeuetenants of euery band ought to be men of great experience and ripeneſſe of ſeruice, whoſe authoritie in ye abſence of the capteine extendeth to examine, trie, reforme, correct & amend any offence within the band cōmitted, & alſo day and night to bring the companie with the enſigne to the place of aſſemblie, there in order, traine and exerciſe the ſame, as to the neceſſitie of ſeruice doth apperteine, and béeing commaunded by the higher powers to march towards the enimies, muſt encounter and fight with the ſame, as if the Captaine were in preſence, who vpon impediment muſt ſometimes bée abſent, otherwiſe to the Liuetenants charge apperteineth to watch, warde, approch, conduct, aduance againſt the enimie, & to encounter, animate, comfort, and alſo to encourage the companies by word and déede, and as néede ſerueth to retire, continually mainteyning ſkirmiſh vntill he haue recouered ſome place of ſafegard.

THe Enſigne bearer muſt be a man ſkilfull, hardie, and couragious, of able courage to aduance & beare dp the Enſigne, in all extremities ſecret, ſilent & zelous, able often to comfort, animate, & encourage the companie to take in hand and mainteine ſuch enterpriſes as they are appointed vnto, neuer to retire, but when of noble pollicie the higher officers commaund the ſame, at ſuch time as the Enſigne is committed vnto him, he muſt vowe and profeſſe the ſame rather to be his winding ſhéete, and therein to looſe his life, then through his defalt looſe the ſame, of his diſcretion & authoritie, eſpying the companie, trauell, or follow enimies to their diſcommoditie and peril, looſing the winde, hill, or ground of aduantage, diſordering the araie, may ſtand ſtill and commaund the drums & fifes to ſtand & ſound the retraite, that the companie may reſort & come to the enſigne & order the aray by aduantage of the ground, rather then abide the comming of the enimie, or follow as is aforeſaid in time of approch, aſſault, or entering, imbrech he with his enſigne aduaunceth with the formoſt, giuing occaſion that ſouldiers the rather follow the ſame. Other points to his charge apperteineth, which ſhalbe hereafter more amplie declared.

SVch ought to be men ſober, diſcret, and ſkilfull in the dutie of a ſouldier, able to bring the companie in order of aray, as to the ground and number ſhall be méet and conuenient, if the ſame be broken, immediatly place the ſame in order againe, alwaies readie day and night to ſeruice by the Captaine or by his Lieutenant commaunded oft times to inſtruct the companie, to march, traine, and trauaile as well by ſignes from him framed, as otherwiſe by wordes ſpoken, he muſt haue very great regard to the companie, to ſée that their armour and weapons be in a readineſſe alwaies to ſeruice. None may reſiſt his authoritie, but obſerue as the Captaine in perſon: he may not heare any mutenous or rebellious wordes among the companie, but immediatlie reueale the ſame, that ſpéedie reformation may be had, and faults amended.

SUch muſt be choſen to euery hundred & two honeſt & ſkilful ſouldiers, either of them leading ſouldiers, of whoſe weapons they haue ſkill, & muſt often call foorth their numbers, view their furniture, that nothing be lacking to thē apperteining in time of ſeruice. Alſo if any be ſicke, hurt, or abſent, by way of impriſonment or death: immediatlie they ought to make report of the ſame, and finding any cauſe worthie of relation, they muſt ſpare for no mā to report the truth to the Sergeant from him the Lieuetenant, ſo to the Captaine, and further vnto the higher powers if néede ſhall require. Thus ſhall dignitie of offices be maintained, and faultes amended to the comfort of the reſt.

THe Diſners charge: foure ſuch of the ſkilfulleſt ſouldiers béeing truſtie and honeſt men muſt vnder the gouernaunce of the other officers bee appointed to euerie hundred, to diuers pointes of neceſſaries auaileable, two of them to haue charge of the ſhot, the other two of the pikes. The band béeing deuided into 4. parts, they muſt haue to traine 24. a péece, the which 24. they are to traine and exerciſe according to their experience. Alſo they muſt be lodged in the middeſt of their charge, wherby when any ſecret ſeruice is to bée done, they may cal numbers without the drum. They be alſo a great reliefe in watch and ward.

SVch muſt be choſen of able ſort and perſonage, ſecrete, and ingenious, ſkilful in the ſounds and vſing of their inſtrumentes, which warneth as the mouth of a man to all intentes of ſeruice, diligent in times conuenient to inſtruct ſouldiers in the ſame, that none by ignoraunce neglect their duties. Such be oftentimes ſent on meſſages, importing charge, which of neceſſitie require languages, ſomtimes to ſummon or commaund the enimies to render, ſometimes carrie raunſomes or redéeme, conduct priſoners. Manie other thinges, to them doe apperteine, as héereafter ſhall appeare.

A Clarke of a Band would bée a man choſen of a diſcréete behauiour, ſuch a one as hath the vſe of his penne, and is ſkilfull in Arithmetike, who muſt haue a booke in the which hee muſt write all the names of the ſouldiers appertaining to ye band, diuiding euery weapon by themſelues, yt they may be the readier to be muſtred, as otherwiſe to be placed. In order of march againe the Clarke at watch & ward, muſt be attentiue with his booke to call euerie mannes name to ſée who is abſent, and that certificate thereof be made vnto the Captaine, who muſt without ſickneſſe or ſome ſpeciall licenſe of the head officers ſée him or them puniſhed to the example of all others. Alſo the Clarke is to take charge of the Captaines munition, who ſéeing it deliuered vnto the ſouldiers, muſt take note how much is deliuered, vnto whom and what day of the moneth it is deliuered, with the price: likewiſe he muſt repaire to the Clarke of the victuals, and by the Captaines warrant to receiue ſuch bread, béere, and other victualls as is to be had, and to deliuer it to thoſe that ſhalbe thought by the Captaine to be of credit to vittell the band by the Princes price, and to take ticates of them as well for that it is deliuered vnto them, as what they doe deliuer vnto the ſouldiers. Alſo he muſt in the Captaines name and by his warrant repaire vnto the marchants & other artificers, and take ſuch wares, as the officers and ſouldiers haue néede of, who muſt at the pay day by the Captaine be anſwered. Alſo prouided that the vitler alloweth to the ſouldiers but vj. pence a daie, the ouerplus goeth to the payment of their furniture & apparell. The Clarke muſt alſo peruſe the ticates to ſée that no more be deliuered then their wages come to, that the Captaines thereby receiue no loſſe. The Clarke ought to enquire when any be departed this world, alſo whē any be ſlaine or diſcharged the band, and to make a iuſt note thereof, wherby certificate be made to the muſter maiſter, that ye Prince in no waies may be hindered, neither the Captaine by the vitlers receiue any detriment or loſſe.

IT is conuenient that euerie band, haue one honeſt and ſober man appointed to vſe daily praier among the ſouldiers, and in time conuenient to communicate with them, and to teach the companies their duties towards God & their Prince, & to giue good counſaile vnto the ſicke, wounded, and weake in bodie or in conſcience, and that ſuch be well armed with ſpirituall armour, that is with good knowledge, & good liuing, readie to perſwade them manfully to withſtand their enimies, the fleſh, the diuell, and deſperation, putting them in ſure hope through faith in Chriſt to enter into the campe of euerlaſting life, where they ſhal ride amongſt the ſouldiers on white horſes, clothed in white and pure ſilke, as witneſſeth the holie Scripture of the almightie God of hoſts, who of his mercie bring all ſouldiers vnto the Hoſt of them.

THe noble cuſtome of England is to furniſh their numbers with manuall weapons to battaile appertaining, as with Caliuers, Courriers, Archers, or long Bowes, Pikes, Halberds or Billmen, which be hereafter ſignified by letters placed in order of aray, as men bearing ſuch weapons may be placed the like to ſeruice conuenient, as hereafter by proportions ſhall more plainly appeare.

The ſignification of the Letters. C for Captaine L for Lieutenant S for Sergeaunt D for Drums F for Fiftei s for Caliuers. a for Archers. b for Billes. p for Pikes, h for Horſemen.

AS there is a great alteration of weapons, and alſo deuiſion of the ſame, I purpoſe to note vnto you the iuſt numbers to euerie hundred at this preſent vſed: which ſhall greatlie profit to the making of your battailes from 1. C. to 15. C.

Two i.C. Mē 40 pi. 10 bil. 50 ſhot. ii.C. 80 20 100 iii.C. 120 30 150 iiii.C. 160 40 200 v.C. 200 50 250 vi.C. 240 60 300 vii.C. 280 70 350 viii.C 320 80 400 ix.C. 340 90 450 x.C 400 100 500 ſhot. xi.C 440 110 550 xii.C. 480 120 600 xiii.C. 520 130 650 xiiii.C 560 140 700 xv.C. 600 150 750 Men. Pik. Bils ſhot.

CAptaines hauing their bands furniſhed with officers, ſouldiers, armour, weapons, & munitions, as aforeſaid in times conuenient, reſorte wholie together to ſome ground neceſſary to muſter, march, and traine, exerciſe, and inſtruct ſuch as are not perfect in the feates of warre, which bée ordered ſometimes by wordes and déedes, as by ſignes from the officers framed, that ſouldiers may learne and obſerue the meaning of the ſame, as héereafter ſhall more plainlie appeare. At ſuch times of aſſemblie, as at watch or warde, the Clarke ought to read the bill, and to call euerie ſouldier by his name, that euerie man may anſwere for himſelfe, and none to be abſent vpon paine without ſickneſſe or licenſe. The Sergeant as they be called, putteth them in araie that euery man follow his lodſeman, kéeping his ranke fellowes iuſtly on both ſides, placing the ſhot in voward and rereward, the enſigne and billes in the middeſt of the pikes: So be they placed in beautie and ſtrength, as is accuſtomed, ſometimes to ſtande and aduaunce their weapons, turne their faces, & march any waie aſſigned: ſometimes to receiue a worde that ſhall paſſe from man to man from the one ende to the other, with ſuch ſilence that none heare the ſame, but thoſe in araie aſſembled.

SOme Enſignes haue in times paſt ben accompanied with one hundred, ſome with two, ſome with thrée, ſome with foure, ſome with fiue hundred men, according to the worthineſſe and experience of Captaines, of which all were not throughly except at the firſt, the better to traine, exerciſe, and order ſuch numbers to ſeruice appertayning. Here followe certeine perticular practiſes in proportion by letters, ſignifying men, from one hundred, vnto fiue hundred, in quadrant or two-folde battaile, to the greateſt ſtrength for defence of enimies, ſhewing euery weapon particularly in their place and order, to march any waies to ſeruice conuenient, or els to kéepe the ground of aduantage, as winde, Hill, and Sunne will permitte, in which conſiſteth great profit.

AT ſuch times as the Captaine or any other officer determine to exerciſe their company to traine them, they muſt caſt them into a Ring, or ſuch like neceſſary, and to vſe theſe words vnto the ſouldiers, ſaying, as after followeth. My louing friends and fellowes, we be gathered together, being alſo appointed to ſerue God and our Prince, and to defend our countrie to the death, and for that none through ignorance ſhall periſh or runne in daunger of the lawes of the field, ye ſhall from time to time by mée or the officers of my band, be inſtructed by words or déedes in ſuch pointes as to our calling and the neceſſitie of Seruice ſhal require, the which you muſt diligently obſerue and followe, though ſuch to you many times ſéeme both daungerous and painfull. Alſo if any of you my fellowes ſhall find an occaſion conuenient to declare to mée his minde and opinion in any thing, touching ſeruice, I will diligently heare, and gratifie the partie the double value thereof, and God willing I will vſe equitie and iuſtice with the ſame. Alſo regard, that all Souldiers knowe and obeye their Officers in their place, according to their calling.

The firſt TWo Enſignes accompanied with 4. C. men may be brought to this quadrant proportion againſt the defence of the enimie by placing .15. in the front, ioyning 4. ranks of Pikes, in the Voward, and 4. in the Rereward, 4. in the Flankes, your Billes and Enſigne in the midſt, placing your Shot in ſixe wings for the reſcuing of each other, the reſt of your ſhot in the Vowarde and Rereward in Diamond wiſe. This Battaile for ſo ſmall a number is of great force. (⸫)